id
stringlengths 2
8
| url
stringlengths 31
389
| title
stringlengths 1
250
| text
stringlengths 2
355k
|
|---|---|---|---|
4008644
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermeer%20Technologies
|
Vermeer Technologies
|
Vermeer Technologies Incorporated was a software company founded in 1994 by Charles H. Ferguson and Randy Forgaard. Its products were a Web site development tool, called FrontPage, and a Web server to complement developing in FrontPage, called Personal Web Server. They launched the initial version of FrontPage on October 2, 1995.
Vermeer was funded by Matrix Partners, Sigma Partners, and Atlas Venture.
The company was purchased by Microsoft for US$133 million in January 1996 ($ in present-day terms) in order to acquire FrontPage as a new weapon in the browser wars.
The company's birth, development and sale was the subject of Ferguson's 1999 book, High St@kes, No Prisoners.
The start of the company was described in a Harvard Business School case, "Vermeer Technologies (A): A Company is Born" (HBS 9-397-078).
Even after Microsoft acquired FrontPage, the software continued to store proprietary configuration settings in directories whose names started with _vti. The letters VTI stand for Vermeer Technologies Inc.
References
Microsoft Press release announcing Vermeer acquisition
History of Frontpage by SEO Consultants
W3C paper on Distributed Web authoring (including timeline)
Defunct software companies of the United States
Microsoft acquisitions
American companies established in 1994
Companies disestablished in 1996
|
4008652
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stade%20Auguste-Delaune
|
Stade Auguste-Delaune
|
The Stade Auguste-Delaune is a multi-use stadium in Reims, France. It is used mostly for football matches and hosts the home matches of Stade Reims. The stadium was one of the venues for the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup. It hosted five group matches and one Round of 16 game.
1938 FIFA World Cup
2019 FIFA Women's World Cup
Gallery
References
External links
Stadium Guide Profile
World Stadiums Profile
Stadiumdb Profile
Soccerway Stats for the stadium
Auguste Delaune
1938 FIFA World Cup stadiums
Stade de Reims
Multi-purpose stadiums in France
Buildings and structures in Reims
Sports venues in Marne (department)
Sports venues completed in 1935
2019 FIFA Women's World Cup stadiums
|
4008653
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Dundee
|
John Dundee
|
John Wharry Dundee OBE, (born 1921) was an anaesthetist and prolific medical researcher from Ballyclare, County Antrim, Northern Ireland.
Biography
Early life
Dundee was born the eldest son of a farmer, near Ballyclare, County Antrim, Northern Ireland. He was educated at Ballyclare High School, studied medicine at Queen's University Belfast, and undertook postgraduate studies at Liverpool, Oxford and Philadelphia. He graduated with a PhD from Liverpool University in 1957.
Career highlights
Dundee founded the Department of Anaesthetics at Queen's University Belfast in 1958. He was appointed Professor of Anaesthetics there in 1964—a post he held until his retirement in 1987. He worked as an anaesthetist in the Royal Victoria Hospital of Belfast, was a Fellow of the Faculty of Anaesthetists of the Royal College of Surgeons, and was Dean of the Faculty of Anaesthetists at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. He presented the Joseph Clover Lecture in 1988.
A frequent international traveller, Dundee developed a great interest in acupuncture. One of his most notable achievements was the discovery that appropriate use of acupressure can provide relief of morning sickness in pregnant women. His 1988 report on this work, published in the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, demonstrates significant reduction of nausea and vomiting in a controlled trial.
Dundee originated many anaesthetic techniques which remain in use, and his extensive writings on the subject continue to be consulted. He was a principal researcher of the human and veterinary anaesthetic ketamine and assisted in the development of intravenous anaesthesia. He also assisted with the development of cyclomorph, a preparation combining morphine and cyclizine.
His "service to medicine in Northern Ireland" was acknowledged by the award of the Order of the British Empire in the 1989 New Year's Honours List. That year, he was also the first anaesthetist to be elected President of the Royal Academy of Medicine in Ireland. After his retirement, he was appointed Professor Emeritus and continued to undertake research into acupressure as an anti-emetic until his death, work which was sponsored by the Friends of Montgomery House, Belfast.
Besides receiving international awards and accolades in medicine, Dundee also held an internationally prestigious musical qualification (Associate of Trinity College London (ATCL). As a medical student, he had been an organist at Raloo Church near Larne. He continued to play the instrument in later life at church services throughout Northern Ireland, and he also sang in the choir at Windsor Presbyterian Church, Belfast. At various times, he was superintendent of Windsor Mission and a member of the board of Belfast City Mission. From 1985 to 1987, he was President of the Christian Medical Fellowship of UK and Ireland.
References
1921 births
1991 deaths
Academics of Queen's University Belfast
Alumni of Queen's University Belfast
Alumni of the University of Liverpool
British anaesthetists
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
People from Ballyclare
Anaesthetists from Northern Ireland
People educated at Ballyclare High School
|
4008667
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruspoli%20Sapphire
|
Ruspoli Sapphire
|
The Ruspoli Sapphire, also known as the Wooden Spoon Seller's Sapphire, is a 136.9 carat (27.38 g) blue sapphire that has historically been confused with Grand Sapphire of Louis XIV (which has also been called the Ruspoli Sapphire or Wooden Spoon Seller's Sapphire). Recent research has shown that not only are these two separate gems, but also that the story of once being owned by the Ruspoli family and having been acquired from a wooden spoon seller in Bengal are both apocryphal tales with no basis. The origins of this confusion stem from a book published in 1858 by Charles Barbot, who confused the Ruspoli Sapphire with the Grand Sapphire of Louis XIV..
The known history of this sapphire begins with a French jeweler named Perret, who sold it to a jeweler from Milan named Antonio Fusi around 1811. A dispute over the sale was settled by a court-ordered auction in 1813, leaving a clear paper trail of this gem's history. From there it passed through the hands of a well-known Parisian jeweler named David Achard who then apparently sold it to Henry Philip Hope (of the Hope Diamond fame). From there it passed into the Russian Crown Jewels and then to Queen Marie of Romania. Her daughter sold it to a "famed New York jeweler" in 1950, and its whereabouts from that point on are unknown.
See also
List of individual gemstones
List of sapphires by size
References
External links
The Grand Sapphire of Louis XIV and The Ruspoli Sapphire
Individual sapphires
|
4008691
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stade%20Chapou
|
Stade Chapou
|
Le Stade Chapou (or Stade Jacques-Chapou) was a stadium that was located rue des Amidonniers in Toulouse.
Called Stade du T.O.E.C. before War World II, then Stade du Général Huntziger during the war, then Stade Chapou after the war (in tribute to Jacques Chapou (1909-1944), French Resistant).
This stadium is destroyed in 1965 for building a residence of students for the faculty.
1938 FIFA World Cup
The Stade du T.O.E.C. in the old Parc des Sports was one of the venues of the 1938 FIFA World Cup, and held the following matches (initially planned to the new stadium of the new Parc des Sports):
1938 FIFA World Cup stadiums
|
4008699
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beat%20Up
|
Beat Up
|
Beat Up may refer to:
Beat Up, a 1984 7" single album by American band The Toasters
"Beat Up", a 2000 episode of Japanese television series Mirai Sentai Timeranger
"Beat Up", a 2006 remix by German band KMFDM
"Beat Up", a 2007 entry in Japanese manga series Petit Eva: Evangelion@School
"Beat Up", a 2008 song by British band Mock & Toof
"Beat Up", a song by American singer Izzy Stradlin on his 2010 album Wave of Heat
See also
Beat 'em up, a video game genre
Up beat (disambiguation)
Beat It Up (disambiguation)
Beat Me Up (disambiguation)
Beat You Up (disambiguation)
Up (disambiguation)
Beat (disambiguation)
|
4008705
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Rumble%20Strips
|
The Rumble Strips
|
The Rumble Strips were an English band from Tavistock, Devon. The 4-piece line-up of Charlie Waller, Henry Clark, Tom Gorbutt & Keith Lunnon was present from the first recordings until late 2006 when Sam Mansbridge joined to fill out the sound developed during the recording of 'Girls & Weather'. The band were signed to Fallout Records, a subsidiary of Universal Island Records.
History
Formation
Having known each other since childhood, there is no precise conception date for the band. Lead singer Charlie Waller was involved in music from an early age, initial inspirations included Lou Reed's Transformer and bands such as Adam and the Ants. He moved to London for art college and played with his band from Devon, the Action Heroes. The Action Heroes included Matthew Wheeler, drums, Sam Mansbridge, Guitar & Harry Dwyer on keyboards. (Harry would later go on to direct most of the Rumble Strips' videos). The Action Heroes disbanded in 2002. At this point Waller began writing and playing again with former Tavistock friends Tom Gorbutt, and Henry Clark. These three maintained various residencies at the then local Wandsworth pubs until Matthew Wheeler, rejoined them in 2004. Also during this time, Charlie was one of two frontmen in Vincent Vincent and the Villains with flatmate and fellow singer/songwriter Vincent Vincent. The strain of playing in two bands eventually led to Waller quitting both groups before being coaxed back to the Rumble Strips. Vincent Vincent wrote the song "Johnny Two Bands" about Waller's departure. Old friend and former bandmate of all the Rumbles (from the Mother Eating Blackberries and Action Heroes) Sam Mansbridge, returning from overseas, spent some time on the road with the band after their return from recording 'Girls & Weather' in LA with Tony Hoffer. The band had been used to Tom Gorbutt alternating between playing the Bass or Sax live however the need for a complete sound with bass guitar and a bass backing vocal led to the natural inclusion of Mansbridge for the live shows. Not taking away from Tom's bass playing Sam introduced the Rumble Drum that became such a feature of the band's live act.
The band took their name from rumble strips, which are a series of small, continuous lines of bumps alongside a road designed to help prevent inattentive drivers straying off the road.
2005–2007
Always gigging, The Rumble Strips found themselves at the front of the then exploding live music scene. Often performing in the early clubs and parties of East London. It was at such a gig that the independent record label Transgressive Records – who have produced singles for The Young Knives and Regina Spektor – noticed the band, eventually offering to release the band's first single. It was over this period that Waller had left the band, but decided to not pass up this opportunity of a first release and so together they released "Motorcycle" on 12 December 2005. Waller said at this time "It was like, What have I to lose? – Since I was young I'd always been in bands until a few months ago and now i'm just working on a building site.". The band moved further into the public eye with a number of key support dates for Dirty Pretty Things and fellow Transgressive artists The Young Knives in early 2006, and then the release of their second single, "Hate Me (You Do)" on 5 June. A further tour supporting The Zutons, and the release of the band's first EP, Cardboard Coloured Dreams, followed this in November 2006.
The new year brought the Rumble Strips their first move into the charts, with their release of "Alarm Clock" on 19 March 2007 reaching No. 41 in the UK Singles Chart. It was in this year, that they were voted number 10 in BBC's "Sounds of 2007". The band were asked by NME to play their biggest headline tour to date, as headliners of the 2007 Topman NME New Music Tour throughout May 2007.The tour saw them play a number of venues around the country with other new bands Pull Tiger Tail, Blood Red Shoes and The Little Ones. The band released a live EP recorded whilst on the tour containing the tracks "Oh Creole", "Alarm Clock", "My Oh My" and previously unreleased track, "London". The band re-released "Motorcycle" on 4 June 2007. The single failed to reach the previous heights of "Alarm Clock", charting slightly lower at No. 46. Two 7-inch vinyls were also released of the track, containing b-side "My Oh My". A misprint was made on some of these vinyls where 1000 copies were distributed labelling the b-side on the opposite side to the one listed. These are not being considered collector's items, especially by the band themselves.
Following the release of "Motorcycle", the band stated that they had already decided on their next single, "Girls and Boys in Love", which was released on 3 September 2007 and was the official song of the film Run Fatboy Run, starring Simon Pegg and directed by David Schwimmer, and itself released on 10 September 2007. Their debut album, Girls And Weather, was released on 17 September, peaking at No. 70 in the UK album charts, with "Girls and Boys in Love", reaching No. 64 in the UK Singles Chart.
2007–2010
The Rumble Strips were asked by Island records to remix the Amy Winehouse single "Back to Black", and this was released in 2007 on limited-edition white vinyl. The band also decided to re-record the song in their own style. This drew the attention of producer Mark Ronson and led to Charlie being asked to sing lead vocals on "Back to Black" at The Electric Proms in 2007. In late 2008, with Sam Mansbridge now a full member, the band began working with Ronson on their second record at London rehearsal space The Joint. Recorded off the back of their first US tour the band lay down the bulk of the tracks at Avatar Studios, New York, leaving vocals to be completed in London, England whilst orchestration was composed and overseen by Owen Pallett (Final Fantasy, Arcade Fire) and completed in Prague. The album was released in July 2009 under the name Welcome to the Walk Alone.
As part of their First Listen series of features, The-Fly.co.uk ran a track-by-track synopsis of Welcome to the Walk Alone on their site on 26 May. Whilst stating that "Ronson's kitchen sink production is evident after little more than a minute," they said that the sound of the record is "lush", highlighting "Dem Girls", "Sweet Heart Hooligan" and "Daniel" as the album's highlights. The tour for the album concluded in 2010, after which the band removed themselves from the scene for an indefinite period.
2015–present
During the intervening five years, contact had always been close within the band despite much change. Geographically, all the members had been living around the world. Matthew Wheeler was in Berlin, Tom Gorbutt went back to Devon, Henry Clark was settled in Australia, and Charlie Waller was in Copenhagen, via Cuba.
Since 2010 Charlie and Henry had continued to write and perform in various projects, but as of late 2014-15 they began passing new ideas to each other. The writing was developed with each member's contributions until the summer of 2015, when the five members were able to be in the same place. The band decided to record what they could in those five days together. These recordings became known as 'The Lightship recordings' after the name of the studio, Lightship 95, a floating light-house moored at Trinity Buoy Wharf, East London.
The recordings are being released in their entirety during 2016 with a limited edition physical release planned.
Discography
Albums
Girls and Weather (2007) 70# UK
Welcome to the Walk Alone (2009) 76# UK
The Lightship Recordings - part 1 (2016) digital release only
The Lightship Recordings - part 2 (2016) digital release only
The Lightship Recordings - part 3 (2016) digital release only
Singles
EPs
Contributions
NME Presents The Best New Bands – contains "Motorcycle" (Issued with NME on 9 September 2006)
NME Presents The Essential Bands – Festival Edition – contains "Alarm Clock" (Released 11 June 2007)
Run Fatboy Run: Original Soundtrack – contains "Girls and Boys in Love" (Released 10 September 2007)
Amy Winehouse "Back to Black" remix
The song 'Sad City' was used in the Kurt Cobain documentary 'Too Young to Die'
The songs "Girls and Boys in Love" and "Alarm Clock" have been used in the UK TV sitcom The Inbetweeners.
Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging: Music From The Motion Picture – Contains "Girls and Boys in Love"
2010 Macy's denim jeans sale commercial uses the "Girls and Boys in Love" tune.
In October 2010, Baileys used the song "Girls and Boys in Love" for their commercial.
"Back Bone" featured in Remedy's 2010 video game "Alan Wake" as one of the songs found on the playable radios scattered throughout the game.
References
External links
Daily Music Guide review of performance at Island Records' 50th Birthday Party, Camden Crawl 25/04/09
Audio
Xfm Session
English rock music groups
Musicians from Tavistock
Musical groups established in 2004
Allido Records artists
Musical groups from Devon
|
4008734
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rollie%20Krewson
|
Rollie Krewson
|
Rollie Krewson (sometimes credited as "Rollin Krewson") is a puppet designer and builder known for her work on various Muppet productions. She interned with Jim Henson's company in the mid-1970s. Although she now works primarily as a designer/builder, she began as a performer, doing small bits on The Muppet Show and other projects.
She has contributed to almost every Henson production since her arrival, and to this day carries her skills through on Sesame Street. Krewson was the designer for Julia, Sesame's autistic Muppet character.
Krewson has received seven Daytime Emmy Awards for her contributions on Sesame Street and has been nominated many times for her work on other Henson productions.
Design credits
Sesame Beginnings - built Baby Elmo Elmo's Dad
Plaza Sesamo - built Lola and Pancho
The Adventures of Elmo in Grouchland (1999) - (Muppet builder/designer)
Muppets from Space (1999) - (project supervisor: Muppet workshop)
Big Bag - built Chelli
The Wubbulous World of Dr. Seuss - built Norval the Fish Project Supervisor
Dog City (1993) - (Muppet workshop) (project supervisor)
The Jim Henson Hour (1989) - built Lindbergh
The Christmas Toy (1986) - (Muppet design group) - built Rugby Tiger
Labyrinth (1986) - Creature workshop artist: The Wiseman, Alph and Ralph, Goblins
The Muppets Take Manhattan (1984) - (Muppets' studio coordinator)
Tale of the Bunny Picnic - built Twitch and Bean Bunny
Fraggle Rock (1983) - built Wembley, Red Fraggle, Balsam the Minstrel, others
The Dark Crystal (1982) - Creature design/Fabrication supervisor: Fizzgig
Emmet Otter's Jug-Band Christmas (1977) - built Wendel
The Muppet Show (1976) - Muppet designer/workshop supervisor; built Wayne and Wanda, Fozzie Bear's dummy Chuckie, Foo Foo and many others
Sesame Street (1969) - built Zoe, Curly Bear, Abby Cadabby, Lulu and many more; has built Elmo since 1988
Sisimpur - built Halum, Shiku, Ikri-mikri, Tuktuki
International Sesame Street Puppets for Russia, Germany, the Netherlands, South Africa, Bangladesh, India, Egypt, Japan and Indonesia
Performer credits
The Muppet Show: Sex and Violence
The Muppets Go to the Movies
The Muppet Show - Mary Louise
Labyrinth - Fiery 5 (assistant)
The Dark Crystal - Assistant puppeteer (Fizzgig, Kira, Garthim Master)
Saturday Night Live - Assistant puppeteer
References
External links
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Muppet designers
|
4008746
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Long%20Beach%20%28PF-34%29
|
USS Long Beach (PF-34)
|
The second USS Long Beach (PF-34) was a in commission from 1943 to 1945. She later served in the Soviet Navy as EK-2 and then in the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force as Shii (PF-17) and Shii (PF-297) and YAS-44.
Construction and commissioning
Long Beach was laid down 19 March 1943, as a patrol gunboat, PG-142, for the Maritime Commission by Consolidated Steel Corporation, in Wilmington, Los Angeles. Reclassified as a patrol frigate, PF-34, on 15 April 1943, she was launched on 5 May 1943, sponsored by Mrs. Walter Boyd; and acquired by the Navy and commissioned on 8 September 1943, with Lieutenant Commander T. R. Midtlying, USCG, in command.
Service history
U.S. Navy, World War II, 1943-1945
Following shakedown off California, Long Beach departed San Diego, on 12 January 1944 for Cairns, Australia, arriving there on 17 February 1944. After towing two LCSs from Milne Bay, New Guinea, to Cape Sudest, New Guinea, she departed on 16 March 1944 escorting the dock landing ship to the landings on Manus in the Admiralties. Returning to Cape Sudest on 18 March 1944, Long Beach screened ships around New Guinea, and on 19 April 1944 took part in the invasion of Aitape. She sailed for the Schoutens on 6 August 1944 for patrol and shore bombardment duty during cleanup operations against Japanese holdouts in the Biak area, returning to local operations off New Guinea on 31 August 1944.
On 5 November 1944, Long Beach departed for newly invaded Leyte guarding a resupply convoy of tank landing ships (LSTs), arriving at Leyte Gulf on 15 November 1944 and returning to New Guinea on 21 November 1944. She steered for home 15 December 1944, calling at Panama and reaching Boston, on 25 January 1945.
After overhaul, Long Beach, as flagship of Escort Division 25, departed Casco Bay, Maine, with the rest of the division – her sister ships , , , , and – on 28 March 1945 for Seattle via the Panama Canal, training en route at Balboa in the Panama Canal Zone. The six patrol frigates arrived at Seattle on 26 April 1945, then got underway again for Kodiak, Alaska on 7 June 1945. Ogden had to return to Seattle for repairs, but Long Beach and the other four frigates arrived at Womens Bay, Kodiak, on 11 June 1945.
On 13 June 1945, Long Beach, Belfast, Glendale, San Pedro, Coronado, and their sister ships , , , and got underway from Kodiak for Cold Bay, Alaska, where they arrived on 14 June 1945 to participate in Project Hula, a secret program for the transfer of U.S. Navy ships to the Soviet Navy in anticipation of the Soviet Union joining the war against Japan. Training of Long Beachs new Soviet Navy crew soon began at Cold Bay.
Soviet Navy, 1945–1949
Long Beach was decommissioned on 12 July 1945 at Cold Bay and transferred to the Soviet Union under Lend-Lease immediately along with nine of her sister ships, the first group of patrol frigates transferred to the Soviet Navy. Commissioned into the Soviet Navy immediately, she was designated as a storozhevoi korabl ("escort ship") and renamed EK-2 in Soviet service. On 15 July 1945, EK-2 departed Cold Bay in company with nine of her sister ships – EK-1 (ex-Charlottesville), EK-3 (ex-Belfast), EK-4 (ex-Machias), EK-5 (ex-San Pedro), EK-6 (ex-Glendale), EK-7 (ex-Sandusky), EK-8 (ex-Coronado), EK-9 (ex-Allentown), and EK-10 (ex-Ogden) – bound for Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky in the Soviet Union.
EK-2 entered service with the Soviet Pacific Ocean Fleet on 23 July 1945 at Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. She participated in the Soviet offensive against Japan in August–September 1945, including the amphibious landings at Chongjin on 18 August 1945 and at Maoka on 20 August 1945. After the Soviet Union concluded military operations against Japan on 5 September 1945, EK-2 served as a patrol vessel in the Soviet Far East.
In February 1946, the United States began negotiations with the Soviet Union for the return of ships loaned to the Soviet Navy for use during World War II. On 8 May 1947, United States Secretary of the Navy James V. Forrestal informed the United States Department of State that the United States Department of the Navy wanted 480 of the 585 combatant ships it had transferred to the Soviet Union for World War II use returned, EK-2 among them. Negotiations for the return of the ships was protracted, but the Soviet Union finally returned EK-2 to the United States at Yokosuka, Japan, in 1949.
Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force, 1953–1967
Reverting to her former name, Long Beach lay idle at Yokosuka until the United States loaned her to Japan for service in the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) in November 1953 as {{Nihongo|Shii (PF-17)|しい (PF-17)||"castanopsis"}}
. On 15 February 1957, the U.S. Navy cancelled the name Long Beach for her so that the name could be reassigned to a new ship, the nuclear-powered guided-missile cruiser , which was then under construction. On 1 September 1957, the JSMDF reclassified Shii as PF-297.
Struck from the U.S. Naval Vessel Register on 1 December 1961, Shii was transferred to Japan outright on 28 August 1962 and saw continuous service in the JMSDF until decommissioned and renamed YAS-44 on 3 March 1967.
Awards
The U.S. Navy awarded Long Beach four battle stars for her World War II service.
The Soviet Union awarded EK-2 the Guards rank and ensign on 26 August 1945 for her service during World War II Soviet operations against Japan in 1945.
References
External links
hazegray.org: USS Long Beach
Tacoma-class frigates
Ships built in Los Angeles
1943 ships
World War II frigates and destroyer escorts of the United States
Tacoma-class frigates of the Soviet Navy
World War II frigates of the Soviet Union
Cold War frigates of the Soviet Union
Tacoma-class frigates of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
Ships transferred under Project Hula
|
4008752
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goecha%20La
|
Goecha La
|
Goecha La (el. 4940 mt or 16,207 ft) is a high mountain pass in Sikkim, India in the Himalaya range.
The southeast face of Kanchenjunga, the world's third highest mountain, can be viewed from the pass, which is also a base camp for those aspiring to scale the mountain. They say that when the government authorities first saw the view from Goecha La, they were so moved by the view that they decided to feature it on the Rs.100 note.
Trekking
Trekking through the Kanchenjunga National Park, in one of the greenest regions in the world, remains one of the top things to do for any holiday maker in the Himalayas. The weather remains clear during the winters and dramatic during the pre-monsoon season, with misty clouds.
The trek itself can be challenging in terms of distances to be covered in a day. Acclimatization is important due to the huge changes in altitude over a small time during this trek.
List of Himalayan peaks seen on Goechala Trek from Dzongri Top, Thansing and Goechala:
Kanchenjunga (8586m)
Talung (7349m)
Rathong (6679m)
Kabru N (7353m)
Koktang (6147m)
Simvo (6812m)
Kabru S (7318m)
Kabru Dome (6600m)
Kabru Forked (6100m)
Pandim (6691m)
Tenchenkhang (6010m)
Jupono (5650m)
The basic itinerary:
Drive from Siliguri to Yuksom
Yuksom to Sachen (10 km hike)
Sachen to Tshoka (7 km hike)
Tshoka to Dzongri (10 km hike)
Rest and hike to Dzongri La Pass (4417 m)
Dzongri to Thansing (10 km hike)
Thansing to Goecha La Pass and back (14 km hike)
Thansing to Tshoka (16 km hike)
Tshoka to Yuksom (17 km hike)
Drive back to Siliguri
Film
Singalila in the Himalaya http://theindia.info/SingaliLaInTheHimalaya Film on the history of Singalila ridge through a 14 day trek.
Goecha La: In Search of Kangchenjunga
References
Mountain passes of Sikkim
Mountain passes of the Himalayas
Hiking trails in India
|
4008755
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stade%20Jules%20Deschaseaux
|
Stade Jules Deschaseaux
|
Stade Jules Deschaseaux is a multi-purpose stadium in Le Havre, France. It is used mostly for football matches. The stadium is able to hold 16,400 people and was built in 1932.
It hosted one match at the 1938 FIFA World Cup between Czechoslovakia and the Netherlands.
In 2012, it was replaced by the newly constructed Stade Océane.
References
Jules Deschaseaux
1938 FIFA World Cup stadiums
Le Havre AC
Sports venues in Seine-Maritime
Multi-purpose stadiums in France
Buildings and structures in Le Havre
Sports venues completed in 1932
|
4008756
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectoy
|
Tectoy
|
Tec Toy S.A., trading as Tectoy since late 2007, is a Brazilian toy and electronics company headquartered in São Paulo. It is best known for producing, publishing, and distributing Sega consoles and video games in Brazil. The company was founded by Daniel Dazcal, Leo Kryss, and Abe Kryss in 1987 because Dazcal saw an opportunity to develop a market for electronic toys and video games, product categories that competitors did not sell in Brazil at the time. The company stock is traded on the Bovespa.
Soon after its founding, Tectoy completed a licensing agreement with Sega allowing it to market a laser gun game based on the Japanese anime Zillion, which sold more units in Brazil than in Japan. Tectoy would later bring the Master System and Mega Drive to the region, as well as Sega's later video game consoles and the Sega Meganet service. Other products developed by Tectoy include educational toys such as the Pense Bem, karaoke machines, and original Master System and Mega Drive games released exclusively in Brazil, such as Férias Frustradas do Pica-Pau and Portuguese translations and alternate versions of video games. Over its history, Tectoy has diversified to include more electronic products, such as DVD and Blu-ray players and the Zeebo console. While successful at times, the company has also undergone debt restructuring in 2000 and actions to consolidate its two public stock offerings into one.
Tectoy is credited with the continued success of Sega consoles in Brazil far past their lifetimes worldwide. At one point, Tectoy held an 80% market share of video games in Brazil. Tectoy continues to produce "plug and play" dedicated consoles modelled after the Master System and Genesis to this day, which continue to rival more modern systems by Microsoft, Nintendo and Sony in popularity. Tectoy has sold Master System variants and Mega Drive variants.
History
Formation and early years (1987–1996)
Tectoy was founded in September 1987 by Daniel Dazcal, Leo Kryss, and Abe Kryss. Dazcal was previously associated with Sharp Corporation in Brazil, while the Kryss brothers were the owners of Evadin, a Brazilian TV manufacturer associated with Mitsubishi. The new startup company sought to create "intelligent toys" designed specifically for the Brazilian market. At the time, Brazil's most dominant toy manufacturer was Estrela, which held 55% of the market share but did not have any interest in electronics. This gave Dazcal an area to focus the new company. In order to give the company an advantage in marketing costs, Tectoy set its factory in the Free Economic Zone of Manaus to leverage tax incentives.
One of the primary goals of the founders of the company was to enter the video game market. Relying on individual previous experiences in working with Japanese companies, Tectoy executives reached out to Sega, which initially showed reluctance to partner with Tectoy given the failure of Tonka in merchandising Sega products in the United States. The company slowly built trust with Sega and was ultimately granted total liberty to manage Sega products in the Brazilian market. The first Sega product released by Tectoy was the Zillion infrared laser tag gun, based on the phaser featured in the anime of the same name. The success of Zillion led Sega to have Tectoy distribute its 8-bit video game console, the Master System, in Brazil as well. Launched officially in Brazil in September 1989, the Master System achieved success. Tectoy's revenue in 1989 was US$66 million, of which $40 million was attributed to the console. Some of this success is attributed to the company's strong advertising investments: the launch campaign, which lasted until Christmas 1989, was at an expense of $2 million. By the end of 1990, the Master System install base in Brazil was about 280,000 units. The company also introduced a telephone service with tips for games, created a Master System club, and presented the program Master Tips during commercial breaks of the television show Sessão Aventura of Rede Globo.
Over a year after the launch of the Master System, Tectoy officially brought Sega's 16-bit console, the Mega Drive, to Brazil in December 1990. Sega's handheld console, Game Gear, was later released in August 1991. Like the Master System, the two products were assembled by Tectoy in Manaus, and Game Gear was the first portable console manufactured in Brazil. Sega's primary competition, Nintendo, did not officially arrive in Brazil until 1993; they entered the region through Playtronic, a partnership between Gradiente and Estrela. By the time Nintendo arrived in the region, they were unable to compete with pirated NES systems already available in the region and Tectoy's established following. Mega Drive surpassed the SNES in market share in Brazil, and Tectoy claimed 80% of the local video game market. By 1996, Tectoy had sold 2 million video game consoles and was receiving 50,000 calls a month to their video game tip line.
On May 26, 1994, Dazcal died at the age of 42. He was replaced as CEO by Stefano Arnhold, who had worked for Dazcal at Sharp and became one of Tectoy's earliest employees in December 1987. Arnhold continued Tectoy's partnership with Sega and released the Sega Saturn on August 30, 1995, at a price of R$899.99. With the increase in the number of commercial Internet users in Brazil, Tectoy also invested in content and Internet access by introducing a Brazilian version of Internet service provider CompuServe, at the time the second largest US subscriber number. São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Belo Horizonte were the first cities to receive the service. The service officially began in April 1997 and was part of a strategy to diversify the company's interests away from being a seasonal industry.
Debt restructuring and changes in focus (1997–2006)
In 1997, Tectoy saw financial losses of R$35.9 million and saw a 32% drop in revenue compared to 1996, a year in which the company also failed to meet its revenue goal. The company managed to reduce its losses in 1998, but still saw a net loss of R$10.8 million. During this period, the company launched the Dreamcast console in Brazil in September 1999 at a price of R$900. To cut costs, the Brazilian version was released without a pack-in game and a modem for Internet connection. The modem would be released months later at a price of R$49.99. As of July 2000, Dreamcast sold about 20,000 units in Brazil.
By 2000, Tectoy had debts of R$55 million. The difficulties presented by the market caused Tectoy to announce its application for debt restructuring on December 9, 1997. At the time, the reasons disclosed to the press were the drop in sales and interest in Tectoy's products. The arrangement caused a number of Tectoy businesses to be restructured. CompuServe, which had opened the previous year in Brazil, was closed on April 25, 1998. Subscribers had the option of migrating to the competitor Universo Online (UOL). At the time of the closure, Arnhold stated that although the internet market was "promising", the company had not reached the number of subscribers that the company was expecting. As part of the debt restructuring, Tectoy renegotiated the debt up to six years for repayment, moved its factory in Manaus to smaller facilities, simplified its production chain, and cut its number of employees from 1000 to 110. In Tectoy's offices in São Paulo, all employees were centralized to one location. Tectoy also narrowed its focus to video games and its new work on karaoke machines. The company became the first in Brazil to use compact discs as media for its karaoke devices, in contrast to the cartridge-based machines of its only domestic competitor, Raf Electronics. With these restructuring changes, Tectoy was able to reduce its annual costs to R$4 million in 2001, half of what it spent in 1997, and bankruptcy procedures closed on October 4, 2000.
After the end of bankruptcy proceedings, Tectoy announced another change to its focus. The company announced its diversification from focusing solely on toys and video games into an "entertainment company". Tectoy intended to introduce more product lines, including DVD players, with a focus on higher profitability and less seasonality to the business. The company's video game business remained strong during this time; the year 2000 saw Tectoy make a 25% increase in sales of its Mega Drive console as compared to 1999. While a 2% sales decrease occurred in 2001 due to power rationing in Brazil, the company aimed for another 25% increase of its video game business the next year. By the year 2002, Tectoy had sold 1.2 million Mega Drives in Brazil, and aimed to produce another 100,000 units. Part of the continued success of the Mega Drive came from Tectoy's partnership with Brazilian television station SBT to release a game based on Show do Milhão, a popular game show.
Diversification and Zeebo (2006–2010)
In May 2007, Fernando Fischer became the company's president. He promised to reverse the R$3 million loss from the previous year, and increase revenue by R$45 million. At the same time, the company began using the name "Tectoy" as one word instead of two, and introduced a new logo. Tectoy set forth four business areas of focus in the digital entertainment field: video games, DVDs, digital TV receivers, and toys. One of the first new products was a mobile TV digital receiver, MobTV, in December 2007. During the previous year, Tectoy entered the gaming market for mobile devices. Branded as a subsidiary called Tec Toy Mobile, the company partnered with Level Up! Games, responsible for games like the MMORPG Ragnarok Online. The partnership between the two companies ended in the second half of 2010, when Tectoy sold its stake in Level Up!. Tectoy also began importing the Nabaztag, a portable rabbit-shaped electronic device that played music and accessed information over Wi-Fi. A fire occurred in the Tectoy factory in Manaus in November 2008, which temporarily paralyzed the production lines of the company. In February 2009, Tectoy launched the first Blu-ray player manufactured in Brazil. Subsequently, neither the digital TV receiver nor the Blu-ray player have been financially successful.
Tectoy announced a partnership with Qualcomm in 2008 for a new project, the Zeebo. Known by the codename "Jeanie", the project was originally announced as a "digital toy" that would talk to "several existing technologies." The new digital platform was publicly released at the end of the year as a new video game console dedicated to emerging markets, with no physical media and low price to minimize piracy. Zeebo was released in Brazil on May 25, 2009, but faced competition from Sony and its PlayStation 2 console, which originally sold at R$799. In turn, the Zeebo was not well received by consumers, selling only 30,000 units rather than the company's projection of 600,000. Fischer stated that Tectoy would be operating at a profit if it had not invested in and launched Zeebo. Faced with this scenario of losses, the Zeebo was discontinued in Brazil in 2011. The game purchase network, ZeeboNet, was shut down on September 30, 2011.
Further diversification and stock actions (2010–present)
For a short time starting in November 2010, Tectoy produced and marketed 14-inch tube TVs with 12 games included in memory. This production came at a time when LCD and plasma screen manufacturers accounted for 70% of production in the Free Economic Zone of Manaus. Faced with the success of outsourced set-top boxes for the South Korean company Humax, which produced them for Sky, Tectoy executives saw the possibility of using the company's factory in Manaus for third-party products. This, the company reasoned, would be especially helpful to those who wanted to enter the Brazilian market without investing in their own structure. Tectoy's workforce rose from 200 to 400 employees as a result of the partnership with Humax, which began on December 16, 2010. The company's partnership with Humax ended in the second quarter of 2013.
In the wake of higher revenues obtained in early 2011, Tectoy attempted to auction preferred and common shares. While the company expected to gain R$9.6 million from the sale, a lack of market interest prevented the sale from happening. Tectoy continued to invest in new categories and licensing in digital electronics. Tablets were a major part of the company's revenue in 2013, accounting for 37% of revenue between January and September, with the expectation of surpassing DVD players and becoming their main product category. In 2012, Tectoy licensed Disney characters to launch a new product, the Magic Tablet. The company's shares were grouped in 2015. Tectoy was forced to carry out the procedure after actions of BM&F Bovespa against penny stocks.
A strategy of the company has been betting on nostalgia to bring back consoles that were sold in the 1980s and 1990s. In March 2017, Tectoy released the Atari Flashback 7, a version of the Atari 2600, with 101 games in memory but without support to insert game cartridges. Additionally, by June of the same year, it was planned to relaunch the Mega Drive, with some additional features such as a microSD card slot. As of the end of 2015, Tectoy was still selling plug and play Master System derivatives. By 2016, the company had sold 8 million of these systems in Brazil.
Products
Tectoy is known for their handling and distribution of Sega consoles in Brazil. The company has sold all of Sega's consoles since 1987, including the Master System, Mega Drive, 32X, Sega CD, Game Gear, Saturn, Sega Pico, and Dreamcast, in addition to the Zillion laser tag gun. The company also introduced the Sega Meganet service to Brazil in 1995, starting with a focus on e-mail but later expanding to online multiplayer and chat by 1996, as well as partnering with Brazilian bank Bradesco to develop a banking system, similar to Japan's connection with Nagoya Bank. As of 2015, the Master System and Mega Drive combined sell around 150,000 a year. This is a level comparable to modern consoles available in Brazil such as the PlayStation 4, despite the Mega Drive being temporarily discontinued and reintroduced. Tectoy's hardware for the Master System and Mega Drive evolved over time into derivatives targeting the low-income market. These consoles generally do not have the cartridge slots, as games are installed directly on its internal memory. One of these consoles is the Mega Drive Portable, a portable Mega Drive with 20 games installed onto its memory. Other variations exclusive to Tectoy's releases include the Master System Super Compact, which is a wireless system that transmits to a television, and the Master System Girl, a version of the Super Compact in a pink shell. In 2006, Tectoy released the Master System 3 Collection and the Mega Drive 3, including 120 and 71 built-in games, respectively. Tectoy has received and considered requests to remake the original Master System.
In the 1990s, Tectoy translated several games published by Sega into Portuguese. Translated games include the first three Phantasy Star games, Shining in the Darkness, and Riven, the last of which also incorporated dubbed voices. Additionally, Tectoy built relationships with other developers, including Capcom, Acclaim Entertainment, Electronic Arts, and Midway Games. Tectoy would then translate titles from these developers into Portuguese for release in Brazil, and to tie in to popular Brazilian entertainment franchises. Some examples of this include: Teddy Boy became Geraldinho, certain Wonder Boy titles became Monica's Gang games, and Ghost House became Chapolim vs. Dracula: Um Duelo Assutador, based on Mexican TV series El Chapulín Colorado. Additionally, Tectoy ported games for their Sega systems, such as Street Fighter II: Champion Edition for the Master System and Duke Nukem 3D for the Mega Drive, as well as various games ported from the Game Gear to the more popular Master System. Aside from porting, the company developed Férias Frustradas do Pica-Pau after finding out that Woody Woodpecker was the most popular cartoon on Brazilian television. These titles were developed in-house by Tectoy in Brazil. Tectoy also suggested the development of Ayrton Senna's Super Monaco GP II, a project that Sega accepted but would be the only suggestion from Tectoy that Sega approved. More recently, Tectoy created two Mega Drive games based on Show do Milhão, a Brazilian game show based on the Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? format, and Mega Drive 4 Guitar Idol, a 16-bit rhythm video game based on Guitar Hero with its own guitar peripheral. Tectoy had been granted a master license by Sega for all of their games, including those developed in Europe or America, and had permission to sell any game by Sega in Brazil.
Aside from its work with Sega, Tectoy has developed and sold karaoke machines, set-top boxes, televisions pre-installed with games, mobile games, DVD players, Blu-ray players, a mobile TV receiver, the Nabaztag music player, and the Zeebo video game console. Tectoy also distributed PC games in Brazil such as Blade Runner, StarCraft, and Daytona USA. A successful electronic toy of the company was the Pense Bem, a toy computer introduced in 1988 that asked questions to kids on geography and history. Another product, the Teddy Ruxpin, is a teddy bear that moves and tells stories, licensed by Tectoy for release in Brazil. The Magic Star, a plastic singing toy based on a character from Monica's Gang, was popular in the 1980s and later was rereleased in 2013. Other toys include the Mr. Show electronic question and answer game, as well as Sapo Xulé, a frog doll wearing sneakers, and toys developed for Senninha, a comic based on Ayrton Senna. More recently, Tectoy has also entered the infant care market, partnering with Fisher-Price on baby monitors and with Disney on air purifiers and toothbrush sterilizers.
References
External links
Official Tectoy site
Sega
1987 establishments in Brazil
Electronics companies established in 1987
Electronics companies of Brazil
Manufacturing companies based in São Paulo
Companies listed on B3 (stock exchange)
Video game companies of Brazil
Video game development companies
Video game companies established in 1987
Brazilian brands
|
4008760
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%20Mucha
|
Anna Mucha
|
Anna Maria Mucha (born 26 April 1980) is a Polish film and television actress and journalist. She is best known to Western audiences as the character of Danka Dresner in the film Schindler's List directed by Steven Spielberg. In Poland she is known for her regular role in soap opera M jak miłość (2003–present).
The winner of the Polish version of 10th season of Dancing with the Stars - Taniec z Gwiazdami. In 2010 she became a member of the jury in the Polish version of So You Think You Can Dance (You can dance: Po prostu tańcz).
Mucha posed nude in the October 2009 edition of Polish Playboy.
Early life
Anna Mucha was born and grew up in Warsaw. She graduated from Stefan Batory's Gimnazjum and Liceum in 1999.
Career
In 1990, she was cast as Sabinka in Korczak (directed by Andrzej Wajda) about Polish-Jewish humanitarian Janusz Korczak. That year she appeared in Femina (directed by Piotr Szulkin), in which she co-starred with Alina Janowska. The most important role of her career came when she was cast in Schindler's List directed by Steven Spielberg followed by several other roles in films such as Miss Nobody (1996), Mlode wilki 1/2 (1997) and Life as a Fatal Sexually Transmitted Disease (2000, directed by Krzysztof Zanussi). She then appeared in her role of a prostitute named Lili in Chłopaki nie płaczą in 2000 and made no movie appearances for another 10 years.
Mucha also starred in a few Polish TV shows in the 1990s, including Kuchnia polska (1992), Bank nie z tej ziemi (1994) and Matki, żony i kochanki (1995, 1998). Since 2003 she has been a member of the main cast of M jak miłość.
Anna Mucha returned to acting in films in 2011. She played the role of a lesbian named Mira in the comedy Och, Karol 2.
Filmography
Taniec z Gwiazdami
Anna Mucha won the 10th season of Polish Dancing with the Stars - Taniec z Gwiazdami.
External links
Anna Mucha Official Website
Schindler's List Official Website
1980 births
Polish actresses
Polish child actresses
Living people
Actresses from Warsaw
Dancing with the Stars: Taniec z gwiazdami
Mucha
|
4008770
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripoli%20Agreement
|
Tripoli Agreement
|
The Tripoli Agreement (also known as the Libya Accord or the Tripoli Declaration) was signed on February 8, 2006, by Chadian President Idriss Déby, Sudanese President Omar Hassan al-Bashir, and Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi, effectively ending the Chadian-Sudanese conflict that has devastated border towns in eastern Chad and the Darfur region of western Sudan since December 2005.
Earlier meeting
The agreement was reached after a mini-summit in Tripoli, Libya, hosted by Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi. Prior to the meeting, Chadian Foreign Minister Ahmad Allam-Mi, Sudanese Foreign Minister Lam Akol, and Libyan Foreign Minister Abdel Rahman Shalgham, attended a two-day preparatory meeting aimed at reducing the scope of the disagreement before the heads of state met to iron out the details.
Attendance
Current Chairperson of the African Union and President of Congo Denis Sassou-Nguesso, Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo, Central African Republic President François Bozizé, African Union Chairperson of the Commission Alpha Oumar Konaré, and Burkinabé President Blaise Compaoré, the current chair of the Community of the Sahelo-Saharan States, also attended the summit.
Sudanese Minister of Information and Communication al-Zahawi Ibrahim Malik called the summit "a generous initiative from Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi on patching up the rift and containing a security dispute between Sudan and Chad."
Resuming relations and ending support for rebels
The two heads of state agreed to resuming relations and reopening consulates. The agreement calls for a ban on the use of territory of either country for hostile action and the acceptance of rebels from each other. Libya intends on overseeing the agreement to end hostile press campaigns and support of militant groups. However, Muammar Gaddafi has called on the leaders of each nation to continue talks on solving the root cause of tensions.
"What's going on in Darfur is the cause of the tension in relations between Sudan and Chad... It is shameful that Africa resorts to weapons whenever there is a dispute. Unfortunately, we turn all our differences into wars, which gives an opportunity for foreign interference," Gaddafi said. Gaddafi backs the Agreement to keep make sure the conflict stays "solely African." The United Nations Security Council has contingency plans for international peacekeepers to replace African Union soldiers in Darfur. Gaddafi further stated that the nations involved in the dispute "have no need of UN peacekeepers - we have our own African forces - and we certainly have no need of the forces of our friend Prime Minister Tony Blair. We can settle our problems ourselves."
"The Tripoli peace agreement will enable the two countries to restore their good relations after they were about to go into the wrong path," Déby said.
"We will commit ourselves to the agreement because we are seriously endeavoring to exert sincere efforts which will be practically reflected in improving good neighborly relations," al-Bashir said.
Creation of new agencies
In addition, the Tripoli Agreement creates a "ministerial committee," chaired by Libya, to find a long term solution to the conflict, a commission to acquire information about the situation, and a peace force to prevent cross-border attacks by rebel groups like the UFDC and the Alliance of Revolutionary Forces of West Sudan. On February 12 Human Rights Watch expressed disapproval of the treaty's proposed multinational, instead of international peace force.
The African ministerial committee, made up of the foreign ministers of Chad, Sudan, Libya, Central African Republic, Congo Brazzaville, and Burkina Faso and the chairman of the executive council of the Community of the Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD), met in Tripoli on March 6 and Libyan Foreign Minister Abdel Rahman Shalgham described the results. African Union (AU) Commissioner for peace and security Said Djinnit delivered his report on the conflict and the committee agreed to set up surveillance groups on the Chadian-Sudanese border. The other groups proposed in the Tripoli Agreement are expected to be implemented after the committee’s next meeting, sometime before the end of March. The committee identified 10 positions along the border for surveillance, five on each side of the border, and the states expected to form the control groups and the mechanisms for their operation.
Chalgam said the meeting was "constructive, sincere and detailed," and said the results were "practical."
Reaction
Arab League
Arab League Secretary General Amr Moussa said, "I have the honour to warmly congratulate [Gaddafi] for the historic achievement at the mini-African summit held under your auspices that culminated into the settlement of the recent problems that occurred between the two brotherly countries of Sudan and Chad as well the signing of a peace agreement to end the crisis that could be harmful not only to the two states, but the entire Africa and the African-Arab world. History and Arab and African peoples will cherish your efforts that contributed to the creation of a mechanism to transcend the differences between these two countries and will remember you as the Arab and African leader who has initiated Africa's unity through the creation of the [African Union] and the continuation of actions for the unification of the Arab and African worlds."
Libya
Although it was not specified in the Tripoli Agreement, Gaddafi now wanted a temporary closure of the loosely enforced border between Sudan and Chad. Gaddafi said that "these measures are stated in the African Union deeds which are included in the AU constitutive act and the non aggression and joint defense act African security and Peace council protocol and the African joint defense policy plan."
Prior to the summit Libyan Foreign Minister Abdel Rahman Shalgham emphasized the "need for all sides to contain the tensions between Chad and Sudan." After the summit Junior Libyan Foreign Minister Abdel Salam Triki expressed his belief that the summit between the leaders "was positive. We heard the points of view of both Sudanese and Chadian sides. They showed a willingness to find a mechanism to end the conflict. We feel confident about finding one."
Mali
President of Mali Amadou Toumani Touré congratulated Libya's success with the Tripoli Agreement on February 15.
Niger
President of Niger Mamadou Tandja said Gaddafi has "once again proved [his] willingness to unite the African continent and reconcile its sons. I give my sincere congratulations for the success obtained by this summit. I reiterate my backing to whatever you do to unify the African continent and to consolidate the permanent march towards well-being and progress."
Rebels
Mohammed Nour, the leader of the United Front for Democratic Change, the Chadian rebel alliance operating from bases in Darfur to attack cities in eastern Chad, was not invited to the summit, despite playing a crucial role in the tension between Chad and Sudan.
UFDC rebels regard the treaty as "a piece of paper with signatures on it. It means nothing."
Nour's original demands, for Déby to relinquish power, a two-year interim period, and fair and free national elections, have been modified. Nour now wants a national forum, before the end of June, for opposition parties and organizations to discuss how the country should move forward politically.
Nour said, "A delegation will arrive tomorrow in Libya to present our demands to [Libyan leader] Gaddafi. We will have a transitional period, the length of which the forum will decide, and then we will have free and transparent democratic elections. I guess after a week or more we will know what Déby's reaction to this proposal is. If he refuses, then we will attack using force to remove him... No one wants a war, but if that's the only way, we will go to Chad."
Another rebel group joined the UFDC on February 13, and Nour says the UFDC is "eight times stronger" than it was when it attacked the city of Adré on December 18.
Colonel Bishara Moussa Farid acted as a peacekeeper in Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo, later helping both Déby and his predecessor Hissene Habre seize control of the Government of Chad. He recently defected, and said the UFDC is "much better off than the previous resistances. We didn't have equipment and heavy weapons as we do now."
African Union
Congolese Foreign Minister and current chairman of the African Union executive council Rodolphe Adada said on behalf of the African Union, "We hope to move forward. We think we could again lay the foundations for a lasting peace. The two countries have for a long time remained in an atmosphere of absolute confidence and there is no reason that we can't rekindle that confidence."
European Union
On February 14, 2006, the European Union expressed its approval of the treaty. Austria, which is the current president of the EU, released a press statement on February 13 on behalf of the EU, stating:
"After the tensions following the attack on the town of Adré by Chadian rebels [the Rally for Democracy and Liberty and Platform for Change, Unity and Democracy rebel groups] on 18 December 2005, the European Union sees this agreement as an important step towards the restoration of a climate of confidence and cooperation between the two countries. The European Union appeals to both parties to honor this agreement, in particular their commitment to refrain from hosting rebel forces of the other party on their respective territory."
Severance of diplomatic relations
Following the Battle of N'Djamena in April 2006, Chad severed relations with Sudan.
See also
Kano Accord
External links
Full text of the Tripoli Agreement, UN Peacemaker
References
Chadian Civil War (2005–2010)
2006 in Libya
2006 in Chad
Treaties concluded in 2006
Peace treaties of Chad
Peace treaties of Sudan
Peace treaties of Libya
Chad–Libya relations
Chad–Sudan relations
Libya–Sudan relations
Treaties of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
|
4008776
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stade%20du%20Fort%20Carr%C3%A9
|
Stade du Fort Carré
|
Stade du Fort Carré is a multi-use stadium in Antibes, France, home ground of the FC Antibes. It is currently used mostly for football matches and the local athletics club.
The stadium is able to hold 7,000 people.
During the 1938 World Cup, it hosted one game, between Sweden and Cuba.
Fort Carre
Athletics (track and field) venues in France
Buildings and structures in Antibes
1938 FIFA World Cup stadiums
Sports venues in Alpes-Maritimes
|
4008789
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colaeus
|
Colaeus
|
Colaeus () was an ancient Samian explorer and silver merchant, who according to Herodotus (Hdt. 4.152) arrived at Tartessos c. 640 BC.
In an era where most Greek traders were anonymous, Herodotus believed that Colaeus and Sostratus the Aeginetan were important enough to note. Colaeus was on a venture to Egypt when he was blown off course by a great storm through the Mediterranean and into the Atlantic by the Strait of Gibraltar as far as Tartessus, south-western Spain. Tartessus had previously been unvisited by traders and Colaeus was able to obtain a cargo of metal and return it safely to Samos. Upon his return, he dedicated one tenth of his profits to his native goddess, Hera. It is widely believed that the storm was an invention by Colaeus to hide his trade route from his competitors as the rewards from the previously untapped source of metal proved immense. The Phocaeans were the first visitors of Tartessos (Herodotus (Hdt. 1.163)): Πρώτῃ δὲ Φωκαίη Ἰωνίης ἐπεχείρησε. Φωκαιέες .... καὶ τόν τε Ἀνδρίην καὶ τὴν Τυρσηνίην καὶ τὴν Ἰβηρίην καὶ τον Ταρτησσὸν οὗτοι εἰσὶν οἱ καταδέξαντες (First Ionian Phocea was involved. The Phoceans... discovered Adriatic and Tyrrenean and Iberia and Tartessos. Arriving at Tartessos they were welcomed by the Tartessian king by the name Arganthonios (ἀπικόμενοι δὲ ἐς τὸν Ταρτησσὸν προσφιλέες ἐγένοντο τῷ βασιλεῖ τῶν Ταρτησσίων, τῷ οὔνομα μὲν ἦν Ἀργαθώνιος. Colaeus' voyage was profitable enough for him to devote the tenth of his earnings to Hera. The Phoceans built a new fortification wall for Phocaea.
References
Sources
The role of metals in ancient Greek history By Michail Yu Treister Page 102
The ancient explorers By Max Cary, Eric Herbert Warmington
Ancient Greek explorers
Ancient Samians
Ancient Greek merchants
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
Explorers of Europe
7th-century BC Greek people
Tartessos
|
4008824
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studtite
|
Studtite
|
Studtite, chemical formula [(UO2)O2(H2O)2]·2(H2O) or UO4·4(H2O), is a secondary uranium mineral containing peroxide formed by the alpha-radiolysis of water during formation. It occurs as pale yellow to white needle-like crystals often in acicular, white sprays.
Studtite was originally described by Vaes in 1947 from specimens from Shinkolobwe, Katanga Copper Crescent, Katanga (Shaba), Democratic Republic of Congo, and has since been reported from several other localities. The mineral was named for Franz Edward Studt, an English prospector and geologist who was working for the Belgians.
When exposed to air studtite converts over a short time to the metastudtite UO4·2(H2O) form. Despite their apparent chemical simplicity, these two uranyl species are the only reported peroxide minerals.
They may also be readily formed on the surface of nuclear waste under long-term storage and have been found on the surface of spent nuclear fuel stored at the Hanford, Washington nuclear site. It has also been reported that studtite has since formed on the corium lavas that were created during the course of the Chernobyl nuclear plant accident. Thus, there is considerable evidence that uranyl peroxides such as studtite and metastudtite will be important alteration phases of nuclear waste, possibly at the expense of other minerals, such as uranyl oxides and silicates, which have been more thoroughly studied and are better understood. The formation of these minerals may impact the long-term performance of deep geological repository sites such as Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository. Due to insufficient information about these minerals it is unknown if they will make radioactive wastes more or less stable, but the presence of studtite and metastudtite provides a pathway for mobilizing insoluble U(IV) from the corroding fuel surface into soluble uranyl species.
References
Uranium(VI) minerals
Oxide minerals
Radioactive waste
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 12
|
4008828
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stade%20Henri-Jooris
|
Stade Henri-Jooris
|
Stade Henri-Jooris was a sports stadium in Lille, France. The stadium, used mostly for football matches was able to hold 15,000 people and was home stadium of Olympique Lillois and Lille OSC.
Originally it was known as Stade de l'avenue de Dunkerque; from 1907 to 1943, the stadium's name was the Stade Victor Boucquey. That year it was renamed after the former president of Olympique Lillois Henri-Jooris (who died four years before).
The stadium suffered a roof collapse during the Lens-Lille derby in February 1946. 53 spectators were injured as the structure partially collapsed during a 19th minute counterattack. The game was only delayed 20 minutes.
During the 1938 World Cup, it hosted one game.
1938 FIFA World Cup
References
Stade Henri-Jooris
Defunct football venues in France
Sports venues completed in 1902
Stade Henri-Jooris
Football venues in France
1938 FIFA World Cup stadiums
Stade Henri-Jooris
Olympique Lillois
|
4008865
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L.%20P.%20Davies
|
L. P. Davies
|
Leslie Purnell Davies (20 October 1914 – 6 January 1988) was a British novelist whose works typically combine elements of horror, science fiction and mystery. He also wrote many short stories under several pseudonyms, including: L. Purnell Davies, Leo Berne, Richard Bridgeman, Morgan Evans, Ian Jefferson, Lawrence Phillips, Thomas Philips, G. K. Thomas, Leslie Vardre, and Rowland Welch.
Themes
Davies' books often deal with the manipulation of human consciousness, and in some ways are comparable to the works of Philip K. Dick. (The premise of The Artificial Man resembles that of Dick's Time Out of Joint.) His protagonists frequently suffer from amnesia or other loss of identity, and their quest to find out who they really are drives the plot.
Film adaptations
Davies' novels The Artificial Man (1965) and Psychogeist (1966) were adapted into the 1968 film Project X, and The Alien (1968) was loosely adapted into the 1972 film The Groundstar Conspiracy. The Paper Dolls (1964) was adapted by Hammer as an episode ("Paper Dolls") of its television series Journey to the Unknown (1968).
Personal life
Davies worked as a pharmacist, postmaster, optometrist, and gift shop owner, and served in the Royal Army Medical Corps in France, Italy and North Africa.
Critical evaluation
A critical essay on Davies' novels can be found in S. T. Joshi's The Evolution of the Weird Tale (2004).
Novels
The Paper Dolls (1964)
Man Out of Nowhere (1965; published in the US in 1966 as Who Is Lewis Pinder?)
The Artificial Man (1965)
Psychogeist (1966)
Tell it to the Dead (1966, under the pseudonym Leslie Vardre; published in the US in 1967 as The Reluctant Medium under the author's real name)
Twilight Journey (1967)
The Lampton Dreamers (1967)
The Nameless Ones (1967; published in the US in 1968 as A Grave Matter)
The Alien (1968)
Dimension A (1969)
Genesis Two (1969)
Stranger to Town (1969)
The White Room (1969)
Adventure Holidays Ltd. (1970)
The Shadow Before (1970)
Give Me Back Myself (1971)
What Did I Do Tomorrow? (1972)
Assignment Abacus (1975)
Possession (1976)
The Land of Leys (1979)
Morning Walk (1983)
Short Story Collection
Shadows Before: The London Mystery Stories of L.P. Davies (2 vols., Ramble House, 2021)
See also
List of horror fiction authors
References
Joshi, S. T. "L. P. Davies: The Workings of the Mind", in The Evolution of the Weird Tale (2004), pp. 149–165.
External links
L. P. Davies: International Man of Mystery, Author and ... Gift Shop Owner
M is for … MAN OUT OF NOWHERE by LP Davies (with much additional information)
1914 births
1988 deaths
British horror writers
British science fiction writers
20th-century British novelists
British male novelists
British Army personnel of World War II
Royal Army Medical Corps soldiers
|
4008882
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Annas
|
George Annas
|
George J. Annas is the William Fairfield Warren Distinguished Professor and Director of the Center for Health Law, Ethics & Human Rights at the Boston University School of Public Health, School of Medicine, and School of Law.
Biography
Annas holds a bachelor's degree in economics from Harvard College, a J.D. from Harvard Law School and an M.P.H. from the Harvard School of Public Health, where he was a Joseph P. Kennedy Fellow in Medical Ethics. He works the field of health law, bioethics, and human rights.
Annas is the cofounder of Global Lawyers and Physicians, a transnational professional NGO that states it is dedicated to promoting human rights and health. He teaches health law and human rights courses in the Boston University School of Public Health, the Boston University School of Law, and the Boston University School of Medicine. He is a Hastings Center fellow, a former member of the National Academy of Medicine, a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Sciences, and a member of the National Academies' Committee on Human Rights.
Selected bibliography
Books
Book review:
Book review: Selected as second of the top ten humanitarian books of 1999.
Journal articles
See also
Bioethics
Biopolitics
Eugenics Wars argument
Genism
References
External links
George Annas and Wendy Mariner on The Future of Health Law, on BUniverse, Boston University's video archive.
Interview: Engineering Life from Wonderlance, a monthly digital magazine
Bioethicists
Harvard Law School alumni
Harvard School of Public Health alumni
Living people
Boston University School of Public Health faculty
Hastings Center Fellows
Year of birth missing (living people)
Harvard College alumni
Members of the National Academy of Medicine
|
4008886
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratboy
|
Ratboy
|
Ratboy is a 1986 American drama film directed by and starring Sondra Locke. The make-up effects were designed by Rick Baker. The film's scenario is at times comic or serious, and one of its peculiarities is that there never is any explanation for Ratboy's origin and existence as a human-rat hybrid.
Ratboy had a troubled production and was both a critical and commercial failure. However, it received better reviews in European countries, especially France, winning the Deauville American Film Festival.
Synopsis
A former window dresser named Nikki overhears mention of a mysterious "Ratboy" named Eugene while dumpster diving at a dump. After finding and befriending him, Nikki makes several attempts at marketing his uniqueness to the public. At the same time, Eugene wishes to avoid public attention.
In the end, the police are searching for Eugene's body, as Nikki stands by, saddened, until a crystal in her jacket pocket begins to glow. Eugene has survived the police gunfire and is hiding atop a tree, signaling to Nikki. Nikki is happy that Eugene is alive. Eugene then flees as the police continue searching for him.
Cast
Sondra Locke as Nikki Morrison
Sharon Baird as Eugene / Ratboy (as S.L. Baird)
Robert Townsend as Manny
Christopher Hewett as Acting Coach
Larry Hankin as Robert Jewell
Sydney Lassick as Lee 'Dial-A-Prayer'
Gerrit Graham as Billy Morrison
Louie Anderson as Omer Morrison
Billie Bird as Psychic
John Witherspoon as Heavy
Charles Bartlett as Catullus Cop
Gordon Anderson as the voice of Ratboy
Tim Thomerson as Alan Reynolds (uncredited)
Reception
The film has a 'rotten' rating of 25% on Rotten Tomatoes. Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave it two out of four stars, calling the film 'perplexing' and criticizing the film's unique premise devolving into a more standard narrative. Janet Maslin of The New York Times called the film 'disorganized', criticizing the script and directing choices of Locke. On the opposite end, Michael Wilmington of The Los Angeles Times was more positive, calling the film, 'Grimm Brothers-style, mixing wonder with rough edges, undertones of pain beneath the fantasy.'
Awards
Sondra Locke received a 1987 Razzie nomination for Worst Actress, losing to Madonna for Who's That Girl.
References
External links
1986 films
Warner Bros. films
Films directed by Sondra Locke
1986 drama films
American drama films
Malpaso Productions films
Films scored by Lennie Niehaus
1986 directorial debut films
1980s English-language films
1980s American films
|
4008889
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie%20Carrara-Rudolph
|
Leslie Carrara-Rudolph
|
Leslie Carrara, sometimes credited as Leslie Carrara-Rudolph or the misspelling Leslie Carrera-Rudolph, is an American actress, performer, puppeteer, speaker, singer and artist.
She is probably best known as a Muppet performer on Sesame Street, most notably playing Abby Cadabby. She is also known for her original characters, including Lolly Lardpop. She is also a voice actress, creates artwork and performs in cabaret.
Career
Rudolph is known for performing the fairy Abby Cadabby on the PBS/HBO series Sesame Street, for which she was nominated for a 2009 Emmy Award for best performer in a children's series. She is also known for her puppeteer role as Ginger on the Disney Channel preschool series Johnny and the Sprites. She performed the Muppet, Jesse for Sesame Streets military outreach project Touch, Listen, and Connect, which starred Katie Couric. Rudolph plays various Muppet characters, besides Abby, on Sesame Street and has voiced animated characters and played live-action characters on the show. She got her start on ABC's Muppets Tonight as Spamela Hamderson and Darci. Other puppeteering credits include Edi the Zebra on Jim Henson's Animal Jam and the evil, blonde-haired vampire puppet in the movie Forgetting Sarah Marshall. Rudolph is one of the founding members of the Henson improv group Puppet Up!, which was later retitled as Stuffed and Unstrung. She was part of the improv cast for its debut at the Aspen Comedy Festival. She toured with them to the comedy festival in Australia and was a cast member for the off-Broadway show at the Union Square Theater. She also played the main role of Blue, the female blue puppy in Nick Jr.'s Blue's Room.
Her original character Lolly Lardpop has a musical comedy CD out called Sunkinsass. Rudolph portrayed the human children's show star Miss Poppy in the satirical play Pigeon-Holed, written by Sesame Street writer Annie Evans and Sesame Street puppeteer regulars. She does regular voiceover work, including characters in The Simpsons, Ratchet & Clank, and the English dub of the anime Zatch Bell. She has a BA degree from San Francisco State University in her major "Child Development Through the Arts". When she is not performing, she illustrates children's books and paints.
Rudolph performs an original, candy-obsessed character, Lolly, in several clubs and events in New York and Los Angeles, and works in children's outreach programs. Carrara-Rudolph released a Lolly children's CD called Spunkinsass.
Rudolph has written and produced several one-woman shows. Her latest musical, Entertaining a Thought, which was developed at the 2009 Ojai Play Write Conference, recently received a Jim Henson Foundation Grant and a 2009–2010 UNIMA Citation of Excellence in the Art of Puppetry. She just finished a run of her newest interactive show, Wake Up Your Weird, at the Center for Puppetry Arts in Atlanta. The show she created for the Disney company, The Wahoo Wagon, ran for six months at the El Capitan Theater in Hollywood and featured all of her original characters.
Some of Rudolph's voiceover credits include the voice of Peg Puppy for Nickelodeon's animated series T.U.F.F. Puppy, and additional voices for The Simpsons and for The Electric Company (2009 TV series), for which she voices Wolfman, Bat, and Mummy. She joined the cast of the podcast series The Radio Adventures of Dr. Floyd in the season 3 premiere and has guest-starred several times since.
She plays the character Bubbles in Splash and Bubbles.
She was an additional puppeteer in Julie's Greenroom.
Filmography
Muppets Tonight - Spamela Hamderson, Darci, Shirley, Dorothy Bovine, Belle the Bubble Mom, Additional Muppets
The Wubbulous World of Dr. Seuss - Little Cat A, Morton the Elephant Bird, Princess Tizz, Additional Muppets
Animal Jam - Edi the Zebra
Blue's Room - Blue
Johnny and the Sprites - Ginger
Sesame Street - Abby Cadabby, Lotta Chatter, Rosa, Sleeping Beauty, Virginia Virginia, Mrs. Grouch (episode 4237), Additional Muppets
T.U.F.F. Puppy - Peg Puppy (voice)
Frances - Mom (voice)
Rugrats: All Grown Up - Myron (voice)
Poochini's Yard - Wendy White (voice)
Splash and Bubbles - Bubbles, Flo
Ratchet & Clank: Up Your Arsenal - Sasha Phyronix
References
External links
Official Website
Living people
American women singers
American puppeteers
American voice actresses
Muppet performers
Place of birth missing (living people)
Sesame Street Muppeteers
Year of birth missing (living people)
|
4008897
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Glendale%20%28PF-36%29
|
USS Glendale (PF-36)
|
USS Glendale (PF-36), a patrol frigate, was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for Glendale, California. In commission in the US Navy from 1943 to 1945, and from 1950 to 1951, she also served in the Soviet Navy as EK-6 from 1945 to 1949 and in the Royal Thai Navy as Tachin (PF-1) from 1951 to 2000.
Construction and commissioning
Originally classified as a patrol gunboat, PG-144, Glendale was reclassified as a patrol frigate, PF-36, on 15 April 1943. She was launched on 28 May 1943, at the Consolidated Steel Corporation shipyard in Los Angeles, California, sponsored by Miss Shirley Schlichtman and commissioned on 1 October 1943, with Lieutenant Commander Harold J. Doebler, USCG, in command.
Service history
World War II, 1944-1945
Following shakedown off Southern California, Glendale departed San Diego, California, on 12 January 1944 and reached Cairns, Australia, on 17 February 1944. Until late 1944, she served as an anti-submarine and anti-aircraft escort ship based in New Guinea, protecting arriving and departing merchant ships.
In September 1944, Glendale took part in the assault on Morotai Island, departing Humboldt Bay, New Guinea, on 14 September 1944 to escort merchant ships to the island. She returned to Humboldt Bay on 24 September 1944 to continue escort assignments between New Guinea and the Philippine Islands.
On 5 December 1944, Glendale was escorting a convoy from Hollandia to Leyte in the Philippines when attacking Japanese aircraft sank SS Antoine Saugrain, a cargo ship laden with valuable radar materiel, and severely damaged the merchant ship . Glendale brought the rest of the convoy safely into Leyte the next day.
Glendale departed Leyte on 8 December 1944 bound for the Atlantic Ocean and moored at Boston, Massachusetts, on 24 January 1945.
After overhaul, Glendale got underway from Casco Bay, Maine, on 28 March 1945 as part of Escort Division 25 – which also included her sister ships (the flagship), , , , and – bound for Seattle, Washington, via the Panama Canal. The six patrol frigates arrived at Seattle on 26 April 1945. They got underway again for Kodiak in the Territory of Alaska on 7 June 1945. Ogden had to return to Seattle for repairs, but Belfast and the other four frigates arrived at Womens Bay, Kodiak, on 11 June 1945.
On 13 June 1945, Glendale, Long Beach, Belfast, San Pedro, Coronado, and their sister ships , , , and got underway from Kodiak for Cold Bay, Alaska, where they arrived on 14 June 1945 to participate in Project Hula, a secret program for the transfer of U.S. Navy ships to the Soviet Navy in anticipation of the Soviet Union joining the war against Japan. Training of Glendales new Soviet Navy crew soon began at Cold Bay.
Soviet Navy, 1945–1949
Glendale was decommissioned on 12 July 1945 at Cold Bay and transferred to the Soviet Union under Lend-Lease immediately along with nine of her sister ships. This was the first group of patrol frigates transferred to the Soviet Navy. When her commanding officer, Lieutenant Commander Ambrose Simko, handed Glendale over to the Soviet Navy, he as well as the commanding officers of the other nine transferred patrol frigates received custom daggers made for each of them as gifts from the Soviets. Commissioned into the Soviet Navy immediately, Glendale was designated as a storozhevoi korabl ("escort ship") and renamed EK-6 in Soviet service. On 15 July 1945, EK-6 departed Cold Bay in company with nine of her sister ships – EK-1 (ex-Charlottesville), EK-2 (ex-Long Beach), EK-3 (ex-Belfast), EK-4 (ex-Machias), EK-5 (ex-San Pedro), EK-7 (ex-Sandusky), EK-8 (ex-Coronado), EK-9 (ex-Allentown), and EK-10 (ex-Ogden) – bound for Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky in the Soviet Union. EK-6 served as a patrol vessel in the Soviet Far East.
In February 1946, the United States began negotiations with the Soviet Union for the return of ships loaned to the Soviet Navy for use during World War II. On 8 May 1947, United States Secretary of the Navy James V. Forrestal informed the United States Department of State that the United States Department of the Navy wanted 480 of the 585 combatant ships it had transferred to the Soviet Union for World War II use returned, EK-6 among them. Negotiations for the return of the ships was protracted, but on 16 November 1949 the Soviet Union finally returned EK-6 to the U.S. Navy at Yokosuka, Japan.
Korean War, 1950–1951
Reverting to her old name. Glendale was recommissioned into the U.S. Navy on 11 October 1950 for service in the Korean War. In December 1950, the ship patrolled off Hungnam, Pusan, and Inchon, Korea, in support of United Nations forces fighting ashore. On 29 October 1951, she was decommissioned again and transferred along with her sister ship to the Government of Thailand. The U.S. Navy struck Glendale from the Navy List on 20 November 1951.
Royal Thai Navy, 1951-2000
The ship served in the Royal Thai Navy as HTMS Tachin (PF-1), later reclassified PF-411. She was decommissioned on 22 June 2000 at Sattahip Naval Base.
Museum ship
Dismantled and transported by truck to the Armed Forces Academies Preparatory School in Nakhon Nayok Province, Thailand, Tachin was re-assembled and has been on display there since 9 July 2001 with all her original armament intact.
Awards
The U.S. Navy awarded Glendale five battle stars for her World War II service and four battle stars for her Korean War service. She also received the Korean Presidential Unit Citation for her actions during the Korean War.
References
External links
hazegray.org: USS Glendale
Tacoma-class frigates
Ships built in Los Angeles
1943 ships
World War II frigates and destroyer escorts of the United States
Tacoma-class frigates of the Soviet Navy
World War II frigates of the Soviet Union
Cold War frigates and destroyer escorts of the United States
Cold War frigates of the Soviet Union
Korean War frigates and destroyer escorts of the United States
Tacoma-class frigates of the Royal Thai Navy
Museum ships in Thailand
Glendale, California
Ships transferred under Project Hula
|
4008907
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zlata%20Filipovi%C4%87
|
Zlata Filipović
|
Zlata Filipović (born 3 December 1980) is a Bosnian-Irish diarist. She kept a diary from 1991 to 1993 when she was a child living in Sarajevo during the Bosnian War.
She and her family survived the war and moved to Paris where they lived for a year.
Biography
The only child of an advocate and a chemist, Filipović grew up in a middle-class family. From 1991 to 1993, she wrote in her diary, Mimmy, about the horrors of the siege of Sarajevo during the Bosnian War, through which she lived.
Filipović and her family survived and escaped to Paris, in 1993 where they stayed for a year. She attended St. Andrew's College, Dublin (a senior school), going on to graduate from the University of Oxford in 2001 with a BA in human sciences, and has lived in Dublin, Ireland since October 1995, where she studied at Trinity College Dublin.
Filipović has continued to write. She wrote the foreword to The Freedom Writers Diary and co-edited Stolen Voices: Young People's War Diaries, From World War I to Iraq. She appeared on the Canadian version of the talk show Tout le monde en parle on 19 November 2006. As of 2016 she lived in Dublin, Ireland, working in the field of documentary and other film production.
Works
Activism
In 2011, Filipović produced the short film Stand Up! for the Stand Up! campaign created by BeLonG To, an LGBTQ youth service organisation in Ireland against homophobic bullying in schools. It has been viewed over 1.6 million times on YouTube.
Filipović served on the Executive Committee of Amnesty International Ireland (2007–13) and is a founding member of NYPAW (Network of Young People Affected by War). She has spoken extensively at schools and universities around the world on issues of children in conflict. She was a member of the UNESCO Jury for the Prize for Children and Young People's Literature for Tolerance, and is a recipient of the Child of Courage Award by the Simon Wiesenthal Centre in Los Angeles (1994).
Production
Short
2011: Stand up
2012: Motion Sickness
2013: Abacus
2014: Stand up for your friends
2016: OCD and Me
2016: The Wake
2017: James Vincent McMorrow: One Thousand Times
2017: Bittersweet (documentary)
2018: Johnny (documentary)
2018: Villagers - Fool
2019: Strong at the Broken Places
2020: How to 69
Documentary
2010: Blood of the Irish
2011: Hold on Tight
2012: Three Men Go to War
2013: Here Was Cuba
2014: Somebody to love
2016: The Farthest
2016: The Story of Yes
Television
2017: The Babymakers (series documentary)
2018: The Game: The Story of Hurling (series documentary)
References
External links
Interview with Zlata Filipovic, motherdaughterbookclub.com, February 2010; accessed 7 March 2016.
Zlata Filipović interview on the Charlie Rose show, 7 March 1994
Le Journal De Zlata from Zone Libre, radio-canada.ca, 19 December 2003.
1980 births
Writers from Sarajevo
Living people
Women diarists
People of the Bosnian War
Women in European warfare
Women in warfare post-1945
20th-century Bosnia and Herzegovina women
21st-century Bosnia and Herzegovina writers
21st-century Bosnia and Herzegovina women writers
Alumni of the University of Oxford
People educated at St Andrew's College, Dublin
|
4008919
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seba%20Beach
|
Seba Beach
|
Seba Beach is a summer village located west of Edmonton in Alberta, Canada. The main employer to those within the village and surrounding area is the Sundance Generating Plant, a coal-fired power plant located on the south side of the lake, owned and operated by TransAlta Utilities.
A large cabin-going community exists during the summer, although the village is populated year round. Local sites include The Seba Heritage Museum and Memory Wall, Wabamun Lake, the village marina and pier, a public library, and several businesses including a restaurant, a general store, a miniature golf course, a golf resort, and a recreational vehicle park.
Seba Beach is one of the few summer villages in Alberta that employs community peace officers. The duties of its two peace officers include traffic and liquor enforcement as well as emergency response.
August long weekend is the annual Regatta at Seba Beach, which features a parade, dance, foot races, fireworks, beach volleyball tournament, and cribbage tournament, among other events. During the summer and fall, there is a weekly farmers market on Saturdays.
Fish within the lake include northern pike, whitefish, walleye, and yellow perch.
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Summer Village of Seba Beach had a population of 229 living in 128 of its 333 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of 169. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Summer Village of Seba Beach had a population of 169 living in 82 of its 323 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2011 population of 143. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2016.
Edmonton Yacht Club
The Edmonton Yacht Club, founded in 1923, is the main sailing club of Seba Beach, located at 1 Avenue and 2 Street West. In 1989, Margaret Lemieux compiled 'Wind in the sails : the Edmonton Yacht Club, 1923-1981', which documented the history of the Edmonton Yacht Club and sailing in Alberta during this time period, published through the Seba Beach Heritage Society from records of the Edmonton Yacht Club from Cooking Lake and Seba Beach.
See also
List of communities in Alberta
List of summer villages in Alberta
List of resort villages in Saskatchewan
References
External links
1920 establishments in Alberta
Edmonton Metropolitan Region
Summer villages in Alberta
|
4008923
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charmilles%20Stadium
|
Charmilles Stadium
|
Charmilles Stadium was a multi-purpose stadium in Geneva, Switzerland. It was used mostly for football matches, and was the home venue for Servette FC. The stadium was able to hold 9,250 people and was built in 1930 for the Coupe des Nations 1930 tournament. During the 1954 FIFA World Cup the stadium hosted five games. It was closed in 2002 before Stade de Genève opened.
Defunct football venues in Switzerland
1954 FIFA World Cup stadiums
Servette FC
Sport in Geneva
Multi-purpose stadiums in Switzerland
Defunct sports venues in Switzerland
|
4008926
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Fogg%20%28DE-57%29
|
USS Fogg (DE-57)
|
USS Fogg (DE/DER-57), a in service with the United States Navy from 1943 to 1947. She was scrapped in 1966.
History
Fogg was named in honor of Carleton Thayer Fogg (1917–1942), who was killed in action while serving aboard the aircraft carrier during the initial attack Kwajalein, 1 February 1942.
Fogg was launched on 20 March 1943 by Bethlehem Steel Shipyard, Hingham, Massachusetts; sponsored by Mrs. Adelbert W. Fogg, mother of Lieutenant (junior grade) Fogg, and commissioned on 7 July 1943.
Battle of the Atlantic
Fogg's first cruise on convoy duty began with her departure from New York on 13 October 1943. She escorted unladen tankers to Aruba and Curaçao in the Netherlands West Indies, crossed to Algiers guarding loaded tankers, then
returned by way of Curaçao and Trinidad to New York on 4 December 1943. Between 26 December 1943 and 20 August 1944, she made six escort voyages from New York to Londonderry Port, Northern Ireland, guarding the flow of men and material which made possible the invasion of Europe and the push across the continent which followed.
The escort put to sea once more from New York on 12 September 1944, to escort a convoy through the English Channel to Cherbourg, France, then called at Portsmouth, England, before returning to New York on 9 October for a brief overhaul. After special training at Charleston, she sailed on 6 November to escort a slow towing convoy to England and back. Homeward bound, on 20 December, one of the LSTs in the convoy was torpedoed, and as Fogg began to search for the submarine, she, too, was torpedoed by commanded by Ernst Hechler. Fourteen of her men were killed and two wounded, and the ship badly damaged. For two days the crew fought to save their ship, but when on 22 December the stern sheared off, all but a skeleton crew were taken off. These men restored buoyancy, and Fogg reached the Azores in tow the next day. A first attempt to tow her back to the United States failed when bad weather tore away the temporary bulkheads replacing the stern, but she at last arrived at Boston for repairs on 9 March 1945.
After refresher training, Fogg sailed out of Norfolk between 2 and 30 June 1945, acting as target ship in battle problems with a cruiser, serving as plane guard for a carrier, and training men in combat information center duty.
Radar picket
On 1 July, she entered Philadelphia Naval Shipyard for conversion to a radar picket, which was completed on 2 October. Duty along the United States East Coast and in the Caribbean, primarily in anti-submarine warfare development and as combat information center school ship, continued until 26 July 1947, when she arrived at Charleston, South Carolina. There, Fogg was decommissioned and placed in reserve on 27 October 1947.
She was reclassified DER-57 on 18 March 1949. On 28 October 1954 she was reclassified DE-57. Fogg was stricken from the Navy List on 1 April 1965 and sold for scrap on 6 January 1966.
References
External links
Buckley-class destroyer escorts
World War II frigates and destroyer escorts of the United States
Ships built in Hingham, Massachusetts
1943 ships
|
4008941
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-war
|
Post-war
|
In Western usage, the phrase post-war era (or postwar era) usually refers to the time since the end of World War II. More broadly, a post-war period (or postwar period) is the interval immediately following the end of a war. A post-war period can become an interwar period or interbellum, when a war between the same parties resumes at a later date (such as the period between World War I and World War II). By contrast, a post-war period marks the cessation of armed conflict entirely.
Post–World War II
Chronology of the post–World War II era
The term "post-war" can have different meanings in different countries and refer to a period determined by local considerations based on the effect of the war there. Some examples of post-war events are (in chronological order)
The Cold War (1947-1991)
The Cold War was a geopolitical conflict between the capitalist and liberal democratic United States of America, the Communist Marxist–Leninist Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and their allies: NATO and the Western Bloc for the United States, and the Warsaw Pact and the Eastern Bloc for the Soviet Union. Although both sides did not fight each other directly they have fought proxy wars when they support smaller countries to fight and watch other countries. At the height of the cold war both superpowers had nuclear weapons targeted at each other, leading to the risk of mutually assured destruction. But both nations chose harmony over peace by choosing diplomatic solutions rather than military conflict. The Cold War ended in the late 1980s with the overthrow of Communist governments across Eastern Europe in the Revolutions of 1989, followed by the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Korean War (1950-1953)
On June 25, 1950, after years of tension between communist North Korea and democratic South Korea, North Korea coordinated a series of surprise attacks against strategic points between the 38th parallel. Soon US-led United Nations forces joined the war on behalf of South Korea, expelled the North Korean invasion, and then invaded and nearly captured North Korea. In response, Chinese forces entered the war on behalf of North Korea and pushed the US, South Korean, and UN forces back to the 38th parallel. After 3 years of advances and retreats nearly five million lives were lost and to this very day there are still border disputes between the two Koreas.
Civil Rights Movement (1954-1968)
In the 1950s African Americans faced discrimination and segregation throughout the United States, especially in the south where many cannot even vote. In 1954, the Supreme Court ruled unanimously in Brown v. Board of Education that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. By the end of the 1950s, fewer than 10 percent of Black children in the South were attending integrated schools.
Vietnam war ( 1955-1975)
The Vietnam War was fought between the communist North Vietnam supported by the Soviet Union, China, and the Eastern Bloc and China and South Vietnam supported by the United States and SEATO. This war is especially brutal due to North Vietnamese regular forces and Viet Cong insurgents in South Vietnam adapting to guerrilla fighting and ambush tactics against the South Vietnamese military and the United States Armed Forces. Vietnam was is one of the first wars to be broadcast to television. Many American civilians and soldiers were opposed to the war due to the condition and many think the war is pointless. Finally after many protests the United States slowly withdraw from Vietnam due to public backlash.
United Kingdom
In Britain, "post-war":
culturally, is a term commonly used in the arts and architecture, as it is worldwide. It is primarily and especially before the ascendancy of Pop Art and overlapping "post-modernist" "1960s" movements. Its end is complex due to its archetypes of the 1950s contrasting with leading developments in avant-garde music genres and in popular art, becoming to some audiences mainstream, before 1960. Its movements such as continued functionalism and brutalism were overtaken by the, definitively raucous, counterculture of the 1960s, dominating as the decade wore on. Later resurgences to its stress on quite basic forms were common such as postmodernism and minimalism.
politically and economically
at its broadest, is the period from the election of Clement Attlee in 1945 general election to that of Margaret Thatcher in the 1979 general election, the so-called post-war consensus.
at its narrowest, usually with precise or contextual qualifiers, it is the war's direct aftermath; this prompted social solidarity, unprecedented high capital, particularly inheritance taxation, internationalism, the decolonization of the British Empire, the founding and endowing of the National Health Service all amid relative austerity particularly rationing. Hardships in capital taxation, and of rationing, faded due to global recovery, technological advances and consumerism enabled and encouraged from the late 1950s such as under the four-successive leader Conservative government, 1957–1964. These set a social norm for a majority of out-of-town journeys in private rather than public transport and private housing preferred over public housing, continued (with minor abatement) through alternating governments of the next two decades.
Cold War era
Considering the post-war era as equivalent to the Cold War era, post-war sometimes includes the 1980s, putting the end at 26 December 1991, with the Dissolution of the Soviet Union. The 1990s and the 21st century are extremely rarely described as part of the post-war era, with the more specific phrase “Post–Cold War era” being commonly used, instead.
See also
Interwar period
Pre-war (not a synonym for interwar when referring to World War I)
Aftermath of the September 11 attacks
Postbellum
Reconstruction Era of the U.S.
Post–Cold War era
References
Aftermath of war
Aftermath of World War II
|
4008950
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20Armstrong%20%28basketball%29
|
Jack Armstrong (basketball)
|
John Joseph "Jack" Armstrong (born January 3, 1963) is an American sportscaster, working primarily for the Toronto Raptors on TSN and NBA TV Canada. Armstrong is also the college basketball analyst for TSN and a former college basketball coach.
Personal
Armstrong is the son of Irish immigrants and was raised Catholic. His father died when Jack was age seven and his mother Mary raised him alone. Armstrong graduated from Fordham University in 1988 with a Masters in Communication. He has three brothers: William, James and Brendan.
Jack is married to Dena Armstrong, who was the women's soccer coach at Niagara University. They met at Niagara University, when they were both coaches. They are the parents of three adopted sons. They live in Lewiston, New York just across the Niagara River from Ontario.
Armstrong is a fan of the Buffalo Bills, Buffalo Sabres and the Toronto Raptors.
Coaching career
From 1989 to 1998, Armstrong was the lead basketball coach of Niagara University. In the 1992–93 season, he led the Niagara Purple Eagles to a 23–7 record and was named the New York State Division I Coach of the Year. His overall record with the team was 100-154.
Broadcast career
Armstrong is currently an NBA analyst for TSN and the on-air in-game broadcaster for the Toronto Raptors NBA team. He has been a part of the broadcast team since 1998. Armstrong has two catch-phrases that he uses during game broadcasts: "Helloooo" and "Get that garbage outta here". The "get that garbage outta here" phrase was also used by Armstrong in commercials for the City of Toronto government to encourage keeping garbage out of recycling materials. Most recently, following the Raptors’ signings of Montreal natives Chris Boucher and Khem Birch, he would use “Bonjour” instead of "Helloooo" whenever a big play such as a block or dunk would be made by those players.
Armstrong is a 3 time winner of the Canadian Screen Award for Best Sports Analyst in a Sports Program or Series.
On Thursday, July 31, 2008, it was announced that Jack Armstrong would take over The Chuck Swirsky Show effective August 18, 2008, alongside Doug MacLean on the Toronto, Ontario AM sports talk radio station The Fan 590. The show's name was later changed to The Game Plan. In 2009, Doug MacLean left the show and was replaced by Eric Smith.
References
External links
Bio from TSN.ca
Jack Armstrong's NCAA coaching record on sports-reference.com
1963 births
Living people
American expatriate basketball people in Canada
American men's basketball coaches
American people of Irish descent
American sports announcers
Basketball coaches from New York (state)
Canadian bloggers
Canadian radio sportscasters
Canadian sports talk radio hosts
Canadian television sportscasters
College men's basketball head coaches in the United States
Fordham University alumni
Niagara Purple Eagles men's basketball coaches
People from Lewiston, New York
Sportspeople from Brooklyn
Toronto Raptors announcers
|
4008951
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juniperus%20squamata
|
Juniperus squamata
|
Juniperus squamata, the flaky juniper, or Himalayan juniper is a species of coniferous shrub in the cypress family Cupressaceae, native to the Himalayas and China.
It represents the provincial tree of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (unofficial).
It is commonly used for bonsai tree cultivation.
Description
It is an evergreen shrub (rarely a small tree) reaching tall (rarely 15 m), with flaky brown bark, and a prostrate to irregularly-conical crown. The leaves are broad, needle-like, long, arranged in six ranks in alternating whorls of three, and often strongly a glaucous blue-green in color. The cones are berry-like, globose to ovoid, 4–9 mm long, and 4–6 mm diameter. Often, they are a glossy black and contain one seed; they are mature in about 18 months. The male cones are 3–4 mm long and shed their pollen in early spring. It is largely dioecious, with pollen and seed cones produced on separate plants, but occasionally monoecious.
Taxonomy
Three to five varieties are accepted, with treatment differing between different authors:
Juniperus squamata var. squamata – leaves mostly 5–9 mm. Throughout the standard range.
Juniperus squamata var. fargesii Rehder & E.H.Wilson – leaves mostly 3–5 mm. Confined to the eastern half of the range in China.
Juniperus squamata var. hongxiensis Y.F.Yu & L.K.Fu; often included in var. squamata.
Juniperus squamata var. parviflora Y.F.Yu & L.K.Fu; often included in var. squamata.
Juniperus morrisonicola from Taiwan is often treated as a synonym, or a variety Juniperus squamata var. morrisonicola (Hayata) H.L.Li & H.Keng, but is better treated as a distinct species as it has a distinct DNA profile.
Etymology
The Latin specific epithet squamata means small, scale-like leaves.
Distribution and habitat
It is found in (and native to) northeastern Afghanistan east to western Yunnan in southwestern China, with disjunct populations north to western Gansu, east to Fujian, and Taiwan. Recently, however, it was introduced to the United States in 1964 after being exported from the Netherlands. It grows at altitudes from .
Cultivation
Juniperus squamata is widely grown as an ornamental plant in Europe and North America, valued for its bluish foliage and compact habit. The following cultivars have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:
'Blue Carpet'
'Blue Star'
'Holger'
References
Plants used in bonsai
squamata
Flora of Pakistan
Least concern plants
|
4008968
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracy%20Park
|
Tracy Park
|
Tracy Park is an estate near Wick, South Gloucestershire, close to the boundary with Bath and North East Somerset and approximately from the World Heritage City of Bath. Set in approximately of parkland, the house is a Grade II listed building. It has a 17th-century nucleus behind a classical two-storey front built of Ashlar stone. The gate piers either side of the carriageway leading to the house are also Grade II listed.
The estate is documented from 1246. Throughout the 17th and most of the 18th centuries, the estate was owned by a succession of Bristol merchants and tradesmen, culminating in Robert Bush, a pewterer, who purchased the estate in 1774. His son, Robert, constructed a classical façade in c. 1800, obscuring much of the original building. Sold for more than £12,000 to General Sir William Gabriel Davy in 1820, it was much altered and rebuilt by his son, a prominent Freemason, who adorned the estate with many Masonic symbols. The estate again changed hands in 1926. The mansion ceased to be a private house in 1973, when it was auctioned and subsequently became a golf and country club and hotel.
Early history
During the Roman occupation of Britain, a large villa was sited on what is today the Tracy park estate. It was excavated in 1865, when it was found that the villa had once been enclosed by earthworks encompassing some two acres of land. Standing stones, thought to be the remains of a long barrow, just under a mile from the house, suggest that the site was occupied at an even earlier date. The present site became the property of John de Tracye in 1246; the park probably constituted 100 acres of land at the bottom of Freezing Hill and his manor house was likely near the church and not in the park, although its exact location is unknown. His descendants, Lords of the Manor of Doynton, held the property until the end of the 16th century.
The estate was purchased from John de Tracye's descendants in 1595 by William Wintor, who likely built the house a few years later. It was a small gabled building, known in the 17th century as Well House. By 1718, it had a hall and kitchen and, in the 18th century, sat in a park comprising 200 acres of land. The estate was owned by a succession of Bristol tradesmen, ending with Robert Bush, a successful Bristol pewterer, who purchased the house in 1774 for £6,250. Bush's son, Robert, inherited the estate. Most traces of the 17th-century house were obscured when he rebuilt it and gave it a classical façade in c. 1800. In 1820, Bush sold the estate to General Sir William Gabriel Davy (1780–1856) for £12,818, and it was his son, Rev. Charles Raikes Davy (1819-1885), who after inheriting the estate from his father in 1856, was responsible for the size and appearance of the house and estate seen today.
Charles Raikes Davy began a program of rebuilding the mansion in 1858; datestones bear the years 1858, 1859, 1863, 1864 and 1871. He is thought to have commissioned the Bath architect John Elkington Gill to aggrandise the early 19th-century architecture. Gill retained the western façade, but embellished the slightly projecting central three bays with an overpowering Doric tetrastyle porch. It was during this rebuilding that two large pilasters were added to the western façade. In keeping with the mid-Victorian fashion for housing the growing number of servants in a separate wing, Gill also designed the large south-eastern service wing; this was designed in a loose Tudor Gothic style, linked to the main house by a belvedere. In addition to his work on the house, Davy was also responsible for building the dry-stone walls enclosing the property, and many of the estate buildings.
Description
The north-west entrance to the estate is through two tall mid-19th century gate piers, which are Grade II listed. These are constructed principally of rubble, but dressed with bath stone ashlar which frames heraldry peculiar to the Davy family. The piers are crowned by double cross finials. These piers clearly reflect the unusual design of the large buttresses on the south face of the mansion. Opposite the entrance piers, and deliberately complementing them, is a three-story farmhouse built in about 1845; this has been given heavy Grecian detailing, a blind pediment and a classical balustrade to its precincts. The southwest entrance is also through high gate piers, but these are cylindrical and of a simpler, chaste design than those of the northeast entrance.
Tracy Park gives its name to the Grade II listed mansion situated within its grounds. The house has a 17th-century nucleus, but has been remodelled externally. Its two-storey western façade of seven bays, in a classical style built of limestone ashlar, dates from circa 1800. The slightly protruding central three bays contain the main entrance which is through a later Doric tetrastyle porch; the tympanum within the porch's pediment contains a lamb and flag motif, while the entablature bears the motto "In hoc signo vinces." Two large pilasters sit between the outer pairs of windows on either side of the facade; perhaps intended to complement the porch, they rise only to the first floor and are crowned with heavy stone crosses. This porch is part of the remodeling of the house by Charles Raikes Davy. On the western facade's left side is a single-story 19th century extension; it has a central door (beneath a pediment) between two windows. Attached to the left is a lower extension, dating to c. 1920, with an arcade of eight Doric columns.
A 19th-century belvedere tower to the right of the house's western elevation links the main building to the service wing. It is described by Verey and Brookes as containing "over-elaborate Grecian detail." The unusual design of the tower is very much in the style of the 19th-century architect Alexander Thomson. Classical Greek architecture did not feature towers, therefore the tower would have been the unknown architect's own interpretation and explain why the "Grecian" tower contains both Greek and provincial Italian elements - such a tower is a feature of Italianate architecture derived from the look-out and campanile towers of the Italian Renaissance. Tracy Park's tower has an upper-most floor, completely surrounded by a slightly projecting Italiante balcony, supported by corbels, appears as a rectangular cupola and has Ionic pilasters at each corner; this structure is surmounted with a large finial.
Much of the rear facade of the house was remodeled in the 19th century in a Tudor Gothic style. However, the haphazard fenestration suggesting mezzanine floors, and stonework and the need for a low buttress suggest that the lower floors, at least, may belong to the 16th and 17th centuries. Facing the rear are a number of outbuildings, including the former stables, which date from 1849 to 1860.
As of 2015, the Tracy Park estate consists of approximately of land. Historically, the size varied: when sold by the Bush family in 1820, to William Davy, the estate consisted of just ; nineteen years later, the estate was further reduced to , although it was expanded in the 19th century by Rev. Charles Raikes Davy.
Freemasonry
Tracy Park contains symbols of Freemasonry and the associated Knights Templar; these date to the occupation of the house by Rev. Charles Raikes Davy, who inherited the estate in 1856 and died in 1885. An Anglican priest, educated at Balliol College, Oxford, Davy was described in local newspaper reports as popular amongst Masonic groups in Gloucestershire due to his "devotion to the general interests of Masonry"; he was Grand Chaplain to the Grand Lodge of Freemasons and also Provincial Grand Master of Mark Masons for Gloucester. He added extensively to the estate in the 1850s, 1860s and early 1870s.
Amongst these additions are symbols associated with freemasonry: the cross of Lorraine finials crowning the main entrance piers; the twin cylindrical gate piers at the south-west entrance bear resemblance to the twin pillars, Boaz and Jachin; and the deep engravings in an overmantel in what is now the hotel restaurant, described by English Heritage as "masonic emblems". Other Masonic references include the motto "In hoc signo vinces" carved above the mansion's principal entrance, taken from the standard of a Commander of the Knights Templar. On the south front are paneled twin buttresses, flanking the entrance and crowned with crosses, which seem to serve no structural purpose; they are possibly a further reference to the pillars of Boaz and Jachin. The lamb and flag motif carved into the pediment of the entrance porch is not only the crest of the Davy family, but also a symbol of the Knights Templar and Freemasonry.
Modern history
Charles Raikes Davy died in 1885 and his son, William (1851−1915), inherited the estate. The younger Davy moved to St Ann's in Burnham and, by 1897, Tracy Park was unoccupied. After his death, the estate passed to his son, William James Davy, who had lived in the United States and Ceylon before joining the Ceylon Rifles at the outbreak of World War I; he fought with them in Gallipoli and France, but was killed in action in 1916. After his death, the estate passed to his sister, Helen Hodges (later known as Mrs Arthington-Davy).
In the family's absence, the house had been let from at least 1912 to Charles Samuel Clarke (1873−1947), a director of the Imperial Tobacco Company, who eventually bought the property from Helen Hodges in 1926. In July 1929, it was announced in The Times that the Davy heirlooms from Tracy Park were to be sold by Helen Arthington-Davy.
The Clark family remained in occupation of Tracy Park until the death of Charles Clark's widow, Elsie, in 1973; the estate was then put up for auction, after which it became a golf and country club hotel with two 18-hole courses, named the Crown and Cromwell. As a leisure complex, the estate was sold by Ian and Jane Knipe to TP Resorts in 2005; they bought it back in 2010 and, as of 2014, the Club is owned by Knipe and his wife, Ann.
References
Citations
Bibliography
South Gloucestershire District
Golf clubs and courses in England
|
4008970
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess%20Alia%20bint%20Hussein
|
Princess Alia bint Hussein
|
Princess Alia bint Hussein (born 13 February 1956) is the eldest child of King Hussein of Jordan. Her mother is his first wife, Sharifa Dina bint Abdul-Hamid.
Education
Princess Alia received her primary education in Amman, attending Ahliyyah School for Girls and Rosary College, Amman. She then attended Sibton Park School in Lyminge, England, until 1968, after spending one year at Benenden School in Kent (1969–70), and obtaining her A-Levels in Arabic, English, and French from Millfield School in Somerset, England, in 1972. Princess Alia graduated with honours from the University of Jordan in 1977, obtaining a bachelor's degree in English literature.
Marriage
Princess Alia married Lieutenant-Colonel Nasser Wasfi Mirza (b. 1945) on 12 April 1977 in the Raghadan Palace, and has one son from the marriage:
Hussein Mirza (born 12 February 1981)
Alia and Nasser divorced in 1988. She married Sayyid Mohammed Al-Saleh (elder son of Sayyid Farid Al-Saleh) in Amman on 30 July 1988. They have two children:
Talal Al-Saleh (born 12 September 1989)
Abdul Hamid Al-Saleh (born 15 November 1992)
Princess Alia and her half-sister Zein are also sisters-in-law.
Life and activities
Princess Alia worked as registrar and artist with the British School of Archaeology under Crystal Benett OBE, and has been a member of Fakherelnissa' Zeid's Art Group since the 1980s. In her capacity as director of the Royal Stables of Jordan for the Preservation of the Arabian Horses, Princess Alia initiated the festival of the "Arabian Horse at Home" in 1988 (now a yearly event) and organised the Middle East Championships for Purebred Horses, Jordan. She has also founded the Princess Alia Foundation, a non-profit, non-governmental organisation that is under the Ministry of Social Development in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Its stated motto is "Respect and Compassion towards Creation". In that capacity, in 2011, she delivered the keynote address at the World Arabian Horse Organization (WAHO) conference titled "The Relationship Between Horses and Humans in Today's World," drawing clear parallels between animal welfare and human rights.
Princess Alia has held a 2 Dan Black Belt Taekwondo since 1987, and enjoys equestrianism, horse breeding, judging of Arabian horses, collecting stamps, reading and sports in general. Equestrianism is a family passion; her half-sister, Princess Haya bint Hussein, is the former president of the International Federation for Equestrian Sports (FEI) and a member of the International Olympic Committee.
Notable published works
The Arabian Horse of Egypt (), co-authored by Sharifa Sarra Ghazi.
Royal Heritage: The Story of Jordan's Arab Horses (), co-authored by Peter Upton.
Small Miracles: The Story of the Princess Alia Foundation (), co-authored by Cynthia Culbertson.
Honours
National honours
:
Knight Grand Cordon of the Order of the Star of Jordan
First class of Al-Hussein Decoration for Distinguished Contribution (5 February 2007)
Foreign honours
:
Grand Cordon (Paulownia) of the Order of the Precious Crown (10 March 1976)
:
Grand Cross of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit (4 April 2000)
:
Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic (18 March 1977)
References
External links
Princess Alia Foundation
House of Hashim
Jordanian princesses
1956 births
Living people
People educated at Millfield
University of Jordan alumni
People educated at Benenden School
Grand Cordons of the Order of the Precious Crown
Recipients of the Order of Isabella the Catholic
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic
Jordanian people of Egyptian descent
Daughters of kings
|
4008974
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stade%20olympique%20de%20la%20Pontaise
|
Stade olympique de la Pontaise
|
Stade olympique de la Pontaise is a multi-purpose stadium in Lausanne, Switzerland. The stadium holds 15,850 people and was built in 1904.
It is used mostly for football matches. It is currently the homeground of FC Stade Lausanne Ouchy, of the Swiss Challenge League.
The stadium also hosts the Diamond League event, Athletissima.
Events
During the 1954 FIFA World Cup, the stadium hosted five games.
Pink Floyd performed two concerts: on 12 July 1989 as part of their A Momentary Lapse of Reason Tour and on 25 September 1994 as part of their The Division Bell Tour.
Michael Jackson performed at the stadium during his "Bad" World Tour on 19 August 1988, during his "Dangerous" World Tour on 8 September 1992 and during his HIStory World Tour on 20 June 1997. Only Billie Jean was leaked from the performance(September 8th, 1992) during a crowd fundraiser where a person by the name of, K MJ released the audio to the world on YouTube.
In 2011, the stadium hosted some events of the World Gymnaestrada.
International matches
See also
Stade Pierre de Coubertin (another stadium of Lausanne)
Pontaise
1954 FIFA World Cup stadiums
Sports venues in Lausanne
Athletics (track and field) venues in Switzerland
Multi-purpose stadiums in Switzerland
Tourist attractions in the canton of Vaud
Diamond League venues
|
4008975
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Pickens%20Jr.
|
James Pickens Jr.
|
James Pickens Jr. (born October 26, 1954) is an American actor. He is best known for his starring role as Dr. Richard Webber on the ABC medical drama television series Grey's Anatomy, and for his supporting role as Deputy Director Alvin Kersh on later seasons of the Fox Network science fiction series The X-Files, and Chuck Mitchell on Roseanne (1990-1996;2018), and The Conners (2018–Present). .
Early life and education
Pickens was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He began acting while a student at Bowling Green State University. His first acting role was in a campus production of Matters of Choice by Chuck Gordone. Pickens earned his Bachelor of Fine Arts degree from BGSU in 1976.
Career
Pickens started his professional acting career at the Roundabout Theatre in New York City playing Walter Lee in A Raisin in the Sun. In 1981, Pickens performed in the Negro Ensemble Company's production of A Soldier's Play, starring alongside Denzel Washington and Samuel L. Jackson.
In 1986, Pickens began his TV career playing Zack Edwards on the soap opera Another World from 1986 to 1990. He went on to have recurring roles on "X-Files" as Deputy Director Kersh, Curb Your Enthusiasm, The West Wing, Roseanne, Beverly Hills, 90210, JAG, and Six Feet Under. He also served a role in 42. In 1997, Pickens played the role of Stevens, head of NASA, in Disney’s comedy Rocket Man.
In 2002, Pickens had a cameo appearance as the male zoo doctor in the film Red Dragon.
In the February 28, 2007, all-star benefit reading of "The Gift of Peace" at UCLA's Freud Playhouse, he portrays a man whose life experiences lead him to volunteer in the peace movement, and plays alongside actors Ed Asner, Barbara Bain, Amy Brenneman, George Coe, and Wendie Malick. The play is an open appeal and fundraiser for passage of U.S. House Resolution 808, which sought to establish a Cabinet-level "Department of Peace" in the U.S. government, to be funded by a two-percent diversion of the Pentagon's annual budget.
In 2005, Pickens was chosen to play Dr. Richard Webber on the ABC medical drama Grey's Anatomy. In 2018, Pickens has reprised his role as Chuckie Mitchell in two episodes of the tenth season revival of Roseanne.
Personal life
Pickens married Gina Taylor, a former member of Musique, on May 27, 1984 and has two children. In his spare time Pickens can be found horseback riding and roping cattle. He is a member of the United States Team Roping Championship and competes in roping events across the country. He owns an American Quarter Horse named Smokey.
James's two children, Carl Pickens and Gavyn Pickens, are both pursuing careers in show business. His son Carl is working on a Hip-Hop career and can be seen in various television appearances, including Hangin' with Mr. Cooper where he appeared alongside his long-time friend Omar Gooding. His father James Pickens Sr. worked for the City of Cleveland.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
1954 births
Male actors from Cleveland
American male film actors
African-American male actors
American male television actors
Bowling Green State University alumni
Living people
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
Roping (rodeo)
20th-century African-American people
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American men
21st-century African-American men
|
4008981
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada%20at%20the%201988%20Winter%20Olympics
|
Canada at the 1988 Winter Olympics
|
Canada was the host nation for the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary. It was the first time that Canada had hosted the Winter Olympic Games, and second time overall, after the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal. Vancouver would eventually host the 2010 Winter Olympics which makes it the second city in Canada to host the Winter Olympics and the third overall.
Medalists
For the second time Canada failed to obtain a gold medal on home soil. 22 years later, Alexandre Bilodeau was the first Canadian to obtain a gold medal on home soil in the 2010 Winter Olympics, the first of a Winter Olympics record for most gold medals of 14.
Competitors
The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.
Alpine skiing
A total of 14 competitors, including the entire Canadian team was disqualified from the event after organizers became aware their ski suits were not previously approved by the International Ski Federation.
Men
Men's combined
Women
Women's combined
Biathlon
Men
Men's 4 x 7.5 km relay
1 A penalty loop of 150 metres had to be skied per missed target.
2 One minute added per missed target.
Bobsleigh
Cross-country skiing
Men
C = Classical style, F = Freestyle
Men's 4 × 10 km relay
Women
C = Classical style, F = Freestyle
Women's 4 × 5 km relay
Figure skating
Men
Women
Pairs
Ice Dancing
Ice hockey
Group A
Canada 1-0 Poland
Canada 4-2 Switzerland
Finland 3-1 Canada
Canada 9-5 France
Canada 2-2 Sweden
Medal round
The top three teams from each group play the top three teams from the other group once. Points from previous games against their own group carry over.
Soviet Union 5-0 Canada
Canada 8-1 West Germany
Canada 6-3 Czechoslovakia
Team Roster
Sean Burke
Andy Moog
Chris Felix
Randy Gregg
Serge Roy
Tony Stiles
Tim Watters
Trent Yawney
Zarley Zalapski
Ken Berry
Marc Habscheid
Vaughn Karpan
Wally Schreiber
Gord Sherven
Claude Vilgrain
Serge Boisvert
Brian Bradley
Bob Joyce
Steve Tambellini
Merlin Malinowski
Jim Peplinski
Ken Yaremchuk
Head Coach: Dave King
Luge
Men
(Men's) Doubles
Women
Nordic combined
Men's individual
Events:
normal hill ski jumping
15 km cross-country skiing
Ski jumping
Men's team large hill
1 Four teams members performed two jumps each. The best three were counted.
Speed skating
Men
Women
References
Works cited
Further reading
Olympic Winter Games 1988, full results by sports-reference.com
Nations at the 1988 Winter Olympics
1988
Winter Olympics
|
4008984
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornaredo%20Stadium
|
Cornaredo Stadium
|
Cornaredo Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Lugano, Switzerland. It is used mostly for football matches. It is a home ground of FC Lugano. The stadium is able to hold 15,000 people and was built in 1951. The stadium has 5,000 seats and 10,000 standing places. During the 1954 FIFA World Cup, it hosted one game.
During the spring 2008, the political authorities of Lugano announced a plan to renew the stadium to fulfil the Swiss Football League requirements for Super League stadiums, however, the works never commenced.
1954 FIFA World Cup
See also
List of football stadiums in Switzerland
References
External links
Profile at worldstadiums.com
Football venues in Switzerland
Sports venues in Ticino
1954 FIFA World Cup stadiums
Multi-purpose stadiums in Switzerland
Athletics (track and field) venues in Switzerland
|
4008999
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian%20Cubbon
|
Brian Cubbon
|
Sir Brian Crossland Cubbon GCB (9 April 1928 – 20 May 2015) was a British senior civil servant and a member of the Charter Compliance Panel of the Press Complaints Commission.
Biography
Cubbon was born in Oswaldtwisle, Lancashire on 9 April 1928. His father, Edward Moore Cubbon was a primary school teacher and his mother was Anita Jane, née Crossland. Cubbon was educated at Bury Grammar School under a scholarship and went on to study Classics at Trinity College, Cambridge, graduating in 1949. He spent a while in the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers for national service.
He became Permanent Under Secretary of State (the senior civil servant in charge of a Government department) of the Northern Ireland Office from 1976 to 1979 and Permanent Under-Secretary of State at the Home Office from 1979 to 1988. He was a Press Complaints Commission Commissioner from 1995 to 2002.
Cubbon was injured in an IRA bomb explosion in which the British Ambassador to Ireland, Christopher Ewart-Biggs, was killed in 1976. The car in which the party was travelling was blown up by a bomb concealed in a culvert under the road. Cubbon's Private Secretary, Judith Cooke, was also killed, and the driver, Brian O'Driscoll, was injured.
He married art teacher, Lorin Richardson on 20 October 1956 and they had four children. He was appointed Commander of the Order of the Bath Empire (CB) in 1974, Knight Commander (KCB) in 1977 and Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB) 1984, the highest rank of the Order of the Bath. He died of a heart attack on 20 May 2015 at the age of 87.
References
1928 births
2015 deaths
People educated at Bury Grammar School
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Permanent Under-Secretaries of State for the Home Department
Permanent Under-Secretaries of State for Northern Ireland
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Place of birth missing
|
4009025
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balbal
|
Balbal
|
Balbal or bal-bal can refer to:
Balbals or Kurgan stelae
Bal-Bal - in Philippine mythology, a Bal-Bal is an undead monster that steals corpses.
|
4009028
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psssssst
|
Psssssst
|
Psssssst Instant Spray Shampoo is a no-water substitute for traditional shampoo, popular in the 1970s; its popularity was widespread enough that it is considered a pop culture icon. The Nanny season 1 episode "Maggie the Model" featured a character who modeled for Psssssst during the 1960s. It was produced by Woodridge Labs. Its history may date to the 1950s. The company recently began making Psssssst again. The back label of a recently purchased can reads: "Between Shampoos- On Camping Trips- After Sports When Ill Any time you can't use water. Psssssst is the convenient, quick fresher-upper for your hair."
The current cans have four letters S in the brand name; previous versions had five or six.
References
Shampoos
|
4009031
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sper
|
Sper
|
Sper may refer to:
Sper (Armenia), ancient Armenian region
Sper (Georgia), ancient Georgian principality
Sper (historical region), now part of the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey
South Pacific Electric Railway (SPER), which operates the Sydney Tramway Museum
See also
Speer (disambiguation)
Spear (disambiguation)
|
4009037
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada%20at%20the%201984%20Winter%20Olympics
|
Canada at the 1984 Winter Olympics
|
Canada competed at the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo, Yugoslavia. Canada has competed at every Winter Olympic Games.
As Calgary would be the host city of the following Winter Olympics, a Canadian segment was performed at the closing ceremony.
Medalists
Alpine skiing
Men
Women
Bobsleigh
Cross-country skiing
Men
Women
Figure skating
Men
Women
Pairs
Ice Dancing
Ice hockey
Group B
Top two teams (shaded ones) advanced to the medal round.
Canada 4-2 USA
Canada 8-1 Austria
Canada 4-2 Finland
Canada 8-1 Norway
Czechoslovakia 4-0 Canada
Medal round
USSR 4-0 Canada
Sweden 2-0 Canada
Carried over group Match:
Czechoslovakia 4-0 Canada
Team Roster
Darren Eliot
Mario Gosselin
Warren Anderson
Robin Bartel
J. J. Daigneault
Bruce Driver
Doug Lidster
James Patrick
Craig Redmond
Russ Courtnall
Kevin Dineen
Dave Donnelly
Pat Flatley
Dave Gagner
Vaughn Karpan
Darren Lowe
Kirk Muller
Dave Tippett
Carey Wilson
Dan Wood
Head Coach: Dave King
Luge
Women
Ski jumping
Speed skating
Men
Women
References
Olympic Winter Games 1984, full results by sports-reference.com
Nations at the 1984 Winter Olympics
1984
Winter Olympics
|
4009050
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince%20Faisal%20bin%20Hussein
|
Prince Faisal bin Hussein
|
Prince Faisal bin Hussein (; born 11 October 1963) is a son of King Hussein and Princess Muna, and the younger brother of King Abdullah II. Periodically he has served as regent during his brother's absences abroad.
Education
Faisal was born in Amman, Jordan. After early schooling in Amman, Faisal was sent in 1970 to his mother's native United Kingdom where he attended St. Edmund's School in Hindhead, England. The following year, he moved to the United States where he attended the Bement School in Deerfield, Massachusetts for the next two years. He then moved schools again, this time to Eaglebrook School, also in Deerfield. In 1978, Faisal commenced his high school education at St. Albans School in Washington, D.C., from which he graduated in 1981. His initial university education was at Brown University from which he graduated in 1985 with a ScB degree in electrical engineering. The prince also earned a master's degree in management from the London Business School in 1988. During his university years, Faisal took flying lessons and obtained a private pilot's license.
Military service
Prior to graduating from Brown University, Faisal served in the Royal Jordanian Air Force (RJAF), where he received helicopter training. In the summer of 1985, he gained his RJAF wings and then underwent officer training with the Royal Air Force at Cranwell. Remaining at Cranwell, he did his RAF Basic Flying Training in 1986 before moving to RAF Valley where he completed Advanced Flying Training on jets and received his RAF wings in 1987. Later that year, Feisal completed further flying training at the Tactical Weapons Unit, at Chivenor in Devon.
In September 2004, Faisal was appointed an assistant to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, with the rank of Lieutenant General. He retired from the Jordan Arab Army in December 2017.
Other
Faisal has been President of the Jordan Olympic Committee since 2003 and Chairman and Founder of Generations For Peace since 2007, a non-profit peace building organization, the brain child of his ex-wife Sarah Kabbani who was also his advisor for many years before their marriage. Following a period of strategic development and implementation of unique peace through sport programs run jointly by Sarah and Faisal, he was elected as a member of the Jordan Olympic Committee in 2010.
From time to time, he has served as regent while his brother the king was out of the country.
Personal life
Prince Faisal has married three times. He married for the first time in August 1987. The bride, Alia Tabbaa is the daughter of Sayyid Tawfik al-Tabbah, founder and president of Royal Jordanian Airlines and his wife, Lamia Addem. They have four children together:
Princess Ayah (11 February 1990)
Prince Omar (22 October 1993)
Princess Sara (27 March 1997) (twin of Aisha)
Princess Aisha (27 March 1997) (twin of Sara)
Prince Faisal and Princess Alia divorced in April 2008.
Prince Faisal's second wife was Sara Bassam Qabbani. They were engaged on 20 March 2010 in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and were married on 24 May 2010. Prince Faisal and Sara were divorced on 14 September 2013. The couple had no children together.
On 4 January 2014, Prince Faisal married Jordanian radio presenter Zeina Lubbadeh, daughter of businessman Dr. Fares Lubbadeh. The wedding ceremony was held at her parents' home in Amman, Jordan. The couple have two sons:
Prince Abdullah bin Faisal (born 17 February 2015)
Prince Muhammad bin Faisal (born 8 April 2017)
Honours
National honours
:
Knight Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Renaissance, Special Class
Knight Grand Cordon of the Order of the Star of Jordan
Knight Grand Cordon of the Order of Independence
Knight Grand Cordon of the Order of Military Merit
Recipient of the Al-Hussein Medal of Excellence, 1st Class
Recipient of the Long Service Medal
Recipient of the Administrative & Leadership Competence Medal
Recipient of the Administrative & Technical Competence Medal
Recipient of the Administrative & Training Competence Medal
Foreign honours
:
Grand Cross of the Order of Bernardo O'Higgins
:
Special Grand Cordon of the Order of the Cloud and Banner
:
Grand Officer of the Order of the Legion of Honour
:
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Sultan Qaboos
:
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic
:
Commander of the Legion of Merit
References
External links
|-
1963 births
Living people
Jordanian princes
House of Hashim
Jordanian generals
Brown University alumni
Alumni of London Business School
Royal Jordanian Air Force personnel
Jordanian people of English descent
Air force generals
Graduates of the Royal Air Force College Cranwell
International Olympic Committee members
Grand Cordons of the Order of Independence (Jordan)
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic
St. Albans School (Washington, D.C.) alumni
Sons of kings
|
4009052
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amwaj%20Islands
|
Amwaj Islands
|
Amwaj Islands (; transliterated: Juzur Amwaj) are a group of man-made islands, located in the Persian Gulf to the northeast of Bahrain, near the coast of Muharraq island. They lie northeast of the capital, Manama, on Bahrain Island.
Geography
Amwaj Islands have an area of 4.31 km2.
The Amwaj Islands were reclaimed from the relatively shallow seas to the northeast of Muharraq Island, which is the northernmost island in the Kingdom of Bahrain.
History
In the year 2000, a plan was created for a pioneering project in Bahrain, the first to offer 100% freehold land ownership to expatriates living in the Kingdom of Bahrain, was devised; thus came the plan of Amwaj Islands. The plan was also to increase the supply of waterfront property which is in low supply in this small island nation. The project is being developed by Oasis Real Estate Development Company with an investment of 1.5 billion US dollars
In 2002 the project started taking form. The first phase was completed in 2003. the second in 2004, when Cisco and Oracle began laying fabric for communications on the islands.
At 2016, Amwaj Islands saw the completion of infrastructure such as electricity, roads, water, sewerage and telecoms, and became fit for residential use.
Over the past decade, a series of hotels have also opened on the island such as the Art Rotana, The Grove Hotel, Ramada Hotel and Suites, The Sea Loft and the Dragon Hotel. In 2012, entrepreneur Yara Salman opened 'Yara Beauty Salon', a luxury beauty salon in the islands. The salon features a variety of beauty treatments, including Moroccan baths, a solarium, and cryotherapy suites. Salman was the first to introduce the concept of cryotherapy to Bahrain, which is used to treat minor tissue damage and can be "effective in cellulite reduction and calorie-burning".
Description
From an engineering perspective Amwaj introduced a number of new technologies to the region including geotubes for the reclamation phase of these islands, vacuum sewerage and fiber optic "Smart City" technology among others.
The Islands contain residential, commercial (highrise) and hotel and retail buildings, as well as a 240 m diameter circular marina with over 140 berths.
Administration
The island belongs to Muharraq Governorate.
Transportation
Amwaj Islands are connected to Muharraq Island by two causeways, each about 1 km in length.
The distance between the new island and Bahrain International Airport is only 4.5 km.
Image gallery
References
External links
Detailed map
Muharraq
List of tourist attractions in Bahrain
Populated places in Bahrain
Islands of Bahrain
Artificial islands of Bahrain
|
4009068
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elysia%20subornata
|
Elysia subornata
|
Elysia subornata is a species of small sea slug, a marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusk in the family Plakobranchidae.
This sea slug resembles a nudibranch, but it is not closely related to that order of gastropods. Instead, it is a sacoglossan.
Description
Elysia subornata grows to a length of about . It is variable in colour, being found in shades of green, olive and beige, sometimes with a reddish tinge. It has broad parapodia (fleshy protrusions at the side) with thick white margins sometimes edged in brown or black. The parapodia are covered in tiny papillae (fleshy protuberances) and the rhinophores (sensory organs on the head) are also papillose.
Distribution
This species is found in the tropical western Atlantic Ocean, including the Caribbean Sea.
Human uses
It has been proposed that Elysia subornata could be used as a biological control agent against an invasive strain of the alga Caulerpa taxifolia in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. The high toxicity levels of that alga discourage most of the native herbivorous fauna from consuming it. Elysia subornata, however, preferentially feeds on Caulerpa taxifolia, using the secondary metabolite, Caulerpenyne, for its own defence. It doesn't survive the cool temperature of winter Mediterranean waters, and would therefore need to be raised on a large
scale to have any significant effect. Either that; or a hybrid would have to be genetically engineered using DNA from E. timida and/or E. viridis.
References
Plakobranchidae
Gastropods described in 1901
|
4009080
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince%20Hashim%20bin%20Hussein
|
Prince Hashim bin Hussein
|
Prince Hashim bin Hussein (born 10 June 1981) is the younger of the two sons of King Hussein and Queen Noor of Jordan. In her autobiography, Queen Noor states that Hashim was named after the clan of Hashim (Banu Hashim), a tribe to which the Islamic prophet Muhammad and King Hussein belong. He is in the line of succession to the Jordanian throne.
Early life and education
Prince Hashim was born on 10 June 1981. He received his elementary education in Amman at the Amman Baccalaureate School and then attended the schools of St. Mark's and Fay School in the United States. He later graduated from Maret School in Washington, D.C in 1999. Prince Hashim went to the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in 2000. He was awarded the Prince Saud Bin Abdullah Prize, presented to the cadet with the highest aggregate mark. After graduating from the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, he attended Duke University, later transferring to Georgetown University. In August 2005, the Prince obtained an undergraduate degree in Comparative Studies from Georgetown University's Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service. He later graduated in Quran studies at Balqa Applied University in Jordan on 5 September 2006. While serving as a captain in the Jordanian Armed Forces 3rd Royal Ranger Battalion, the prince attended several military and security courses.
Marriage and family
On 6 January 2006, Prince Hashim was engaged to Fahdah Mohammed Abunayyan from Saudi Arabia, and they married on 15 April 2006. The bride's father is Mohammad bin Ibrahim Abunayyan and her maternal grandfather is Sheikh Turki bin Khaled bin Ahmed Al Sudairi, head of the Saudi Human Rights Commission.
They have 3 daughters and 2 sons:
Princess Haalah bint Hashim, born on 6 April 2007 in Amman, Jordan.
Princess Rayet Al-Noor bint Hashim, born on 4 July 2008.
Princess Fatima Al-Alia bint Hashim, on 5 November 2011.
Prince Hussein Haidara bin Hashim, on 15 June 2015.
Prince Mohammad Al-Hassan bin Hashim, on 21 October 2019.
Honours
Knight Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Renaissance, Special Class
Knight Grand Cordon of the Order of the Star of Jordan
Knight Grand Cordon of the Order of Independence
Knight of the Order of Military Merit
Recipient of the Al-Hussein Medal of Excellence, 1st Class
Recipient of the Administrative & Leadership Competence Medal
Recipient of the Administrative & Technical Competence Medal
Recipient of the Administrative & Training Competence Medal
References
External links
|-
1981 births
Living people
Jordanian princes
People educated at Amman Baccalaureate School
Duke University alumni
Walsh School of Foreign Service alumni
Graduates of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst
St. Mark's School (Massachusetts) alumni
Jordanian people of Lebanese descent
Jordanian people of English descent
Jordanian people of Swedish descent
Jordanian people of American descent
Fay School alumni
Sons of kings
|
4009085
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Gallup%20%28PF-47%29
|
USS Gallup (PF-47)
|
The second USS Gallup (PF-47), a in commission from 1944 to 1945 and from 1950 to 1951, was the first ship of the United States Navy to be named for Gallup, New Mexico. She also served in the Soviet Navy as EK-22 and in the Royal Thai Navy as HTMS Prasae (PF 2).
Construction and commissioning
Originally classified as a patrol gunboat, PG-155, Gallup was reclassified as a patrol frigate, PF-47, on 15 April 1943. She was launched on 17 September 1943 at the Consolidated Steel Corporation shipyard in Los Angeles, California, sponsored by Ensign Helen McMahon, NNRC, and commissioned on 29 February 1944, at San Pedro, California, with Lieutenant Commander Clayton M. Opp, USCG, in command.
Service history
U.S. Navy, World War II, 1944-1945
Following conversion work at Newport Beach, California, and shakedown out of San Pedro and San Diego, California, Gallup departed San Diego on 1 June 1944 for the Pacific war zone. Conducting anti-submarine patrol en route, she arrived at Nouméa, New Caledonia, on 21 June 1944, and began escort and patrol duties in the waters of New Caledonia, New Guinea, and Australia with Escort Division 43. On 17 August 1944, she bombarded enemy strongholds to support landings on Biak Island at Blue Beach, north of the Wardo River by units of the United States Armys 41st Infantry Division; she continued to fire until the troops had completed their landing and secured the beach. Again, on 25 August 1944, Gallup lent support to the conquest of Biak by shelling the beaches between Menoerar and Cape Warari. After Biak had been secured, she returned to her duties with Escort Division 43 until 12 October 1944.
Departing Hollandia, New Guinea, on 12 October 1944, Gallup was part of the screen for the task force which mounted the invasion of Leyte in the Philippine Islands. On 17 October 1944, she shelled the beach area of Dinagat, and the next day she swept the channel into Leyte Gulf as U.S. forces poised for the invasion. She then began anti-submarine and anti-mine patrol near Black Beach, screening vessels engaged in landing operations. Stationed most of the time off Desolation Point, she collected tide and hydrographic information, served as dispatch boat and as escort through the cleared channel in Leyte Gulf, guided incoming ships and convoys through the channel, and served as harbor entrance control vessel during landing operations. She performed these duties, most of the time in gusty, stormy weather, with her sister ship and the large infantry landing craft and , before being sent on an escort mission to Humboldt Bay, New Guinea, on 28 November 1944, touching San Pedro Bay in the Philippines, Kossol Roads in the Palau Islands, and Manus in the Admiralty Islands en route.
On 3 December 1944, Gallup departed for the United States West Coast, stopping to drop men at Seeadler Harbor in the Admiralty Islands and at Pearl Harbor, Territory of Hawaii. She arrived at San Francisco, California, on 25 December 1944.
Departing San Francisco on 9 January 1945, Gallup steamed via Seattle, Washington, to Dutch Harbor, Territory of Alaska, where she arrived on 20 January 1945. She then patrolled the North Pacific Ocean. Selected for transfer to the Soviet Navy in Project Hula – a secret program for the transfer of U.S. Navy ships to the Soviet Navy at Cold Bay, Alaska, in anticipation of the Soviet Union joining the war against Japan – Gallup proceeded to Cold Bay in August 1945 to begin training her new Soviet crew.
Soviet Navy, 1945–1949
Following the completion of training for her Soviet crew, Gallup was decommissioned on 26 August 1945 at Cold Bay and transferred to the Soviet Union under Lend-Lease immediately along with her sister ships Bisbee, , , , and . Commissioned into the Soviet Navy immediately, Gallup was designated as a storozhevoi korabl ("escort ship") and renamed EK-22 in Soviet service. She soon departed Cold Bay bound for Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky in the Soviet Union, where she arrived on 5 September 1945, too late to see World War II service with the Soviets. She served as a patrol vessel in the Soviet Far East.
In February 1946, the United States began negotiations for the return of ships loaned to the Soviet Union for use during World War II. On 8 May 1947, United States Secretary of the Navy James V. Forrestal informed the United States Department of State that the United States Department of the Navy wanted 480 of the 585 combatant ships it had transferred to the Soviet Union for World War II use returned, EK-22 among them. Negotiations for the return of the ships were protracted, but on 14 November 1949 the Soviet Union finally returned EK-22 to the U.S. Navy at Yokosuka, Japan.
U.S. Navy, Korean War, 1950–1951
Reverting to her original name, Gallup lay idle in the Pacific Reserve Fleet at Yokosuka until recommissioned on 18 October 1950 for service in the Korean War, with Lieutenant Commander William W. Boyd, Jr. in command. After shakedown off Sagami Wan, Japan, she got under way with Bisbee on 23 November 1950 for Hungnam, Korea. There she relieved her sister ship as harbor entrance control vessel, escorting ships when directed, guarding the channel against unfriendly ships, preventing friendly vessels from entering mined areas, and performing search and rescue services for the many refugees flooding through the area.
On 19 December 1950, Gallup left for Pusan, where she performed anti-submarine patrol on the approaches to the harbor, before leaving on 31 December 1950 for Sasebo, Japan. On 29 January 1951, she returned to Korea, this time to Kansang and Kosong to participate in a feint intended to divert Communist forces by making them think an amphibious assault was imminent, conducting what was designed to look like a pre-assault bombardment against installations at Kansang and Kosong.
Gallup continued to operate out of Sasebo, making escort, patrol, and guide tours to Pusan, Wonsan, and Chongjin, Korea, and to Sangley Point and Subic Bay on Luzon in the Philippine Islands. She helped in the bombardment of Wonsan from 23 through 25 February 1951 as United Nations forces seized the harbor islands, and then served as harbor entrance control vessel and "flycatcher," in the latter role patrolling against enemy small boats, combat swimmers, and suicide attack craft. Returning to Yokosuka on 14 March 1951, she entered dry dock there for extensive hull repairs. Returning to Korea, she continued similar duty off the Korean coast until she returned to Yokosuka on 6 October 1951.
Royal Thai Navy, 1951-2000
Gallup was decommissioned and transferred under the Military Defense Assistance Program along with her sister ship to Thailand at Yokosuka on 29 October 1951, and served thereafter in the Royal Thai Navy as HTMS Prasae (PF 2). Prasae remained in service until struck from the Thai Navy Register and decommissioned on 22 June 2000.
Museum ship
Prasae initially was preserved as a memorial at the Sattahip Naval Base, then was towed to the mouth of the Prasae River in Rayong Province and put on display there by the Prasae River Communities Committee on 27 December 2003 as the "HTMS Prasae Memorial".
Awards
The U.S. Navy awarded Gallup two battle stars for her World War II service and three battle stars for her Korean War service.
References
External links
Tacoma-class frigates
Ships built in Los Angeles
1943 ships
World War II frigates and destroyer escorts of the United States
Gallup, New Mexico
Tacoma-class frigates of the Soviet Navy
World War II frigates of the Soviet Union
Cold War frigates of the Soviet Union
Cold War frigates and destroyer escorts of the United States
Korean War frigates and destroyer escorts of the United States
Tacoma-class frigates of the Royal Thai Navy
Museum ships in Thailand
Ships transferred under Project Hula
|
4009088
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juren
|
Juren
|
Juren (; lit. 'recommended man') was a rank achieved by people who passed the xiangshi () exam in the imperial examination system of imperial China. The xiangshi is also known, in English, as the provincial examination. It was a rank higher than the shengyuan rank, but a rank lower than the jinshi rank, which was the highest degree.
To achieve the juren rank, candidates, who already held the shengyuan rank, had to pass the provincial examination. The provincial qualifying examination occurred once every three years in the provincial capital. A second, less widespread pathway to gaining the juren rank was through office purchase.
Those with the juren rank gained gentry status and experienced social, political and economic privileges accordingly.
Apart from being a rank in the civil examination system, the juren title was also awarded in the military examination system in imperial China.
History
The term juren was first used in the Han Dynasty to refer to individuals at the provincial level who were recommended for civil service. Those who were recommended for civil service were required to pass a central government examination before they were awarded an official title.
The civil service examination system was first officially established in the Sui dynasty. During the Sui, Tang and Song dynasties, juren was used to refer to candidates of the state examination. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the civil examination system matured and became well-established. During these later dynasties, juren was the title awarded to candidates who had successfully passed the provincial examinations. The awarding of the juren title ended with the abolition of the civil examinations in 1904.
Appointment
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were two pathways to gaining the juren rank: one, through the civil examination system; the other, through office purchase.
Civil examination
The juren rank was awarded for candidates who passed the provincial level of the civil examination system in the Ming and Qing dynasty. The juren who came first in the examination process was awarded the title of jieyuan (). The qualifying exam was held in each provincial capital, once every three years. Candidates were required to take the examination in their registered province and sitting the examination in unregistered provinces was prohibited. This process was called the zhengtu (), or the regular path.
The provincial examinations, called xiangshi (), were written exams which occurred in three stages. Candidates were required to participate in all three stages of the examination. A quota system at the provincial level controlled the number of juren titles awarded. Obtaining the juren degree through the civil examination pathway was a difficult process, with competition notably increasing during the Ming dynasty. By 1630, there were approximately 49200 candidates from across China competing for 1279 juren degrees, with only 2.6% of candidates successfully obtaining the degree. From the period of 1800 to 1905, around 1500 men throughout China were awarded the juren degree after every provincial examination.
The examination was open to men from all socio-economic backgrounds, as long as they were holders of the shengyuan degree, which was the degree directly below the juren degree in China’s imperial civil examination system. There was no limit on a candidate’s age or on the number of times a candidate could sit the exam and candidates did not require a reference from officials to participate. However, women, Buddhist and Daoist clergy and merchants were excluded from participating. It was only during the Ming dynasty when sons of merchants were first legally allowed to take any civil examination.
The provincial examination occurred in the fall of every third year. Shengyuan degree holders were required to travel to their respective provincial capitals to take three written examinations which were conducted over a week. An Imperial Commissioner, also known as the Grand Examiner, was sent to overlook the examinations from Beijing, the capital of China at the time.
The examination was governed by strict rules to ensure the process was fair. All essays were first transcribed in red ink before marking, to prevent examiners from identifying the candidates by their calligraphy and showing favourable treatment to particular candidates. As many as eight examiners would grade one candidate’s exam, whose name was concealed. Examiners would be removed from office if it was found that they had favoured a particular candidate during the grading of the exams. During the period that the Imperial Commissioner was in the province to overlook the examinations, his residence was guarded to prevent any candidates or friends or family of candidates from approaching him.
The provincial examination took place over three sessions with each session of the exam being held on a separate day. Three days would pass between each day of examination. The examination process started early in the day, Candidates assembled by the gates of the examination hall and candidates were allowed in enter the hall once their name was called. Each candidate was given a roll of paper which identified the examination cell the candidate was to occupy in the exam. The examination hall was divided into long alleys lined with open cells, in which candidates took their exam. At one time, there could be up to ten or twelve thousand individuals in the same examination hall, from day to night.
Curriculum
Each of the three sessions of the provincial examination tested candidates on separate areas of the curriculum. During the Qing dynasty, the first session required candidates to answer three questions based on the Four Books and four questions on one of the Five Classics. The particular Classic on which the four questions were answered on was chosen by the candidate. In the second session, the candidate was required to write a discussion of the Classic of Filial Piety. Additionally, the candidate was required to compose five essays on writing verdicts and attempt any one of the following political forms of writing: an address to the emperor, an imperial declaration or another form of imperial decree. In the third session, five essay questions on problems concerning the Five Classics, history and administrative affairs were to be answered.
In addition to the content of the exam, form was an examinable aspect of the candidate’s submission. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, all candidates’ essays were required to be composed in the form of eight-legged essays, which was a form of prose-writing involving strict enforcement of rigid parallel-prose styles. Candidates were rejected for writing in any structure which diverged from this standardised form.
Throughout the use of the civil examination system, there were minor changes to the provincial examination format and curriculum. In 1663, the imperial examination banned writing in the eight-legged essay form. However, in 1668, the eight-legged form was reintroduced. In 1687, the imperial declaration and decree were removed as possible political forms of writing for candidates in the second session. In 1758, the first session was changed to include a question on Song dynasty Neo-Confucian rationalist books. In 1767, the first session was changed to consist of only three questions on the Four Books while the discussion on the Five Classics was moved to the second session. Writing verdicts and addresses to the emperor were also abolished. Instead, a poetry question was introduced. In 1782, the question on poetry was moved to the first session and the question on Song Neo-Confucian rationalism was moved to the second session. In 1787, the candidate’s option of choosing any one of the Five Classics to discuss in the exam was changed so that a particular book from the Five Classics was set for candidates to compulsorily answer. In the same year, the question on Neo-Confucian rationalism was removed from the syllabus. By 1793, candidates were expected to write essays on all Five Classics. After 1793, the syllabus of the provincial examination remained fixed.
Office purchase
The second pathway to obtaining the juren degree was through office purchase. Obtaining degrees through office purchase was known as the yitu (), or the irregular path to gaining a degree. Office purchase, known as juanna (), was the practice of obtaining degrees and offices through purchase, instead of through successfully passing the civil examinations. The practice was formally introduced in the Ming dynasty and continued to exist through the Qing dynasty as a common practice. This was a legal process and was overseen by the government.
During the Qing dynasty, men could become officials by making a payment in silver to the government. Through office purchase, men did not need to meet any eligibility requirements to be appointed the juren rank. Those who obtained the juren degree through office purchase still enjoyed the same benefits, privileges and opportunity for career advancement, as those who obtained the degree through the civil examinations. Men could register for the prefecture-level entrance examination and then purchase the juren degree. It was also common for juren degree-holders to use office purchase to further their careers.
Responsibilities and privileges
Obtaining the juren rank enabled degree-holders to obtain official positions. In the Tang dynasty, only jinshi degree-holders were eligible for official positions. However, in the Ming and Qing dynasties, passing the provincial examination and obtaining the juren degree entitled the degree-holder to obtain a lower-level government official role.[2] In early and mid-Ming dynasty, juren served as prefecture, county and department education officials. This entitled them to act as provincial examination officials. Juren who had failed to obtain the jinshi degree were immediately eligible to become education officials and act as directors and subdirectors of prefectural and county schools. In late Ming dynasty, juren were placed in posts of county magistrates, as well as directors and subdirectors of schools. Those who were appointed magistrate were responsible for collecting taxes from the residents of their county. Additionally, magistrates were responsible for maintaining law, order and the moral and ethical standards in the areas under their control. However, by late Ming dynasty and into the Qing dynasty, jinshi degree-holders had begun to displace juren degree-holders in high level official positions.
The juren rank brought degree-holders and their families such substantial privileges that it was not uncommon for families to pool resources together to support promising individuals from poor families during the examination process. Only those awarded with the juren degree had the opportunity to obtain the highest degree of the civil examination system, the jinshi degree, through the national examination. In the Qing dynasty, it became a requirement for candidates of the jinshi rank to have a father who had passed the provincial examination and had acquired at least a juren rank. An additional benefit of the juren degree was that the title was awarded for life, unlike the lower prefectural shengyuan degree. However, the juren degree could not be inherited.
Aside from the possibility of gaining higher official roles, juren also gained a higher social status. In imperial China, examinations and merit was strongly associated with social status, wealth, prestige and political power. This is reflected in how juren were distinctly addressed as “laoye” or “your honour” by commoners. Gaining the juren rank brought the degree-holder social privileges such as improved prospects for good marriages. Additionally, juren gave their family the ability to gain or maintain their elite status. For example, juren degree-holders were eligible to erect flagpoles with red and gold silk flags at their residences to announce their achievements. These residences were referred to as “flagpole families”, which was an honour and symbolised the higher social status of the family.
The legal privileges experienced by juren include being exempt from labour services, to which all commoners, except civil examination degree-holders were accountable. They were also exempt from normal penal codes and corporal punishments and could not be arrested without special imperial order. Juren households also had economic privileges in the local community, such as a guaranteed minimum level of employment and pay, as well as tax reductions and exemptions.
Other privileges of the juren rank include the right of having different clothing, carriages, guards, servants and funeral and grave ceremonies to commoners. For example, degree-holders had the privilege of wearing a scholar’s robe.
Other usage
Military
During Wu Zetian’s reign, a military examination system was introduced, which continued until the Qing dynasty. The military examinations were modelled off the civil examination system. A provincial military exam that was held once every three years, with successful candidates being awarded the title of military juren, or wu juren (). Military examinations involved various physical tests, such as ability in archery, horse-riding and handling polearms. Aside from the need for candidates to satisfactorily demonstrate their physical abilities, the military exams had written components that required candidates to master Chinese military or classic texts, such as Sun Tzu's The Art of War. Only individuals with the wu juren title could participate in the metropolitan military exam, with successful candidates of this exam being awarded the military jinshi, or wu jinshi () title.
Notable people
Notable people who achieved juren as their highest degree are listed below:
Shen Defu
Yang Shoujing
Wei Yuan, scholar and secretariat
Zuo Zongtang, General
Liang Qichao, scholar and politician
Wu Zhihui, anarchist writer and Republic of China official
Huang Zunxian, Chinese official, scholar, and writer, active during the late Qing dynasty
Zhu Xingyuan, politician and collaborator with Japan
References
Academic degrees
Imperial examination
|
4009092
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada%20at%20the%201980%20Winter%20Olympics
|
Canada at the 1980 Winter Olympics
|
Canada competed at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, United States. Canada had competed at every Winter Olympic Games previously.
Medalists
Alpine skiing
Men
Women
Bobsleigh
Cross-country skiing
Women
Women's 4 × 5 km relay
Figure skating
Men
Women
Pairs
Ice Dancing
Ice hockey
First Round - Red Division
All times are local (UTC-5).
Consolation round
The third-placed teams in each division, Czechoslovakia and Canada, played each other to determine fifth place.
Final Rank: 6th place
Team Roster
Bob Dupuis
Paul Pageau
Warren Anderson
Joe Grant
Randy Gregg
Terry O'Malley
Brad Pirie
Don Spring
Tim Watters
Glenn Anderson
Ken Berry
Dan D'Alvise
Ron Davidson
John Devaney
Dave Hindmarch
Paul MacLean
Kevin Maxwell
Jim Nill
Kevin Primeau
Stelio Zupancich
Franco Carella (practised from 1976–1980)
Head coaches: Lorne Davis, Clare Drake & Tom Watt
Luge
Men
Women
Ski jumping
Speed skating
Men
Women
References
Olympic Winter Games 1980, full results by sports-reference.com
Nations at the 1980 Winter Olympics
1980
Winter Olympics
|
4009093
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%20Jam%20City
|
Ram Jam City
|
Ram Jam City is an album by British blues rock musician Danny Kirwan, released in 2000. This release consists of demo recordings for his 1975 debut solo album, recorded after leaving Fleetwood Mac in 1972. His solo career was being managed by ex-Mac manager Clifford Davis.
These demos were recorded around 1973–74, and finished tracks for this album were released in 1975 as Second Chapter.
Track listing
All tracks written by Danny Kirwan.
"Mary Jane" – 2:57
"Cascades" – 3:11
"Falling in Love with You (earlier version with false starts) – 2:56
"Odds and Ends" (alternate take) – 2:37
"Odds and Ends" – 2:37
"Skip a Dee Doo" – 2:45
"Hot Summer Day" – 2:38
"Second Chapter" – 3:22
"Silver Streams" (earlier version) – 3:18
"Best Girl in the World" – 2:29
"Falling in Love with You" – 2:16
"Lovely Days" (with false starts) – 3:40
"Ram Jam City" (earlier instrumental version) – 2:38
"Silver Streams" – 3:27
"Ram Jam City" – 2:43
Personnel
Danny Kirwan – vocals, guitar
Andy Silvester – bass guitar
Paul Raymond – piano
Geoff Britton – drums
Jim Russell – drums, percussion
Released in May 2000 by Mooncrest Records – CRESTCD 044 Z
References
Danny Kirwan albums
2000 albums
|
4009102
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess%20Iman%20bint%20Hussein
|
Princess Iman bint Hussein
|
Princess Iman bint Hussein (born 24 April 1983) is a Jordanian princess.
Early life
On 24 April 1983, Princess Iman was born at King Hussein Medical Center in Amman, Jordan. Princess Iman is the daughter of King Hussein and Queen Noor of Jordan. She is the sister of King Abdullah II of Jordan, Princess Alia, Prince Faisal, Princess Aisha, Princess Zein, Princess Haya, Prince Ali, Prince Hamzah, Prince Hashem, and Princess Raiyah.
Education
Princess Iman studied at Garrison Forest School in Baltimore, Maryland, the Fay School in Massachusetts and the Maret School in Washington, D.C. She joined the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in 2002 and finished her training there on 8 August 2003. She enrolled at American University in Washington, D.C. in 2003 and graduated in 2007 with a degree in Sociology.
Personal life
On 20 December 2012, the Royal Court of Jordan announced Princess Iman's engagement to businessman Zaid Azmi Mirza. They married on 22 March 2013. She gave birth to a son, Omar, on 7 October 2014. The couple divorced in 2017.
Honours
Knight Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Renaissance, Special Class
Knight Grand Cordon of the Order of Military Merit
Recipient of the Al-Hussein Medal of Excellence, 2nd Class
References
External links
The 20 Hottest Young Royals - Princess Iman bint Al Hussein, Forbes
1983 births
Living people
American University alumni
Graduates of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst
Jordanian princesses
Jordanian people of Scottish descent
Jordanian people of English descent
Jordanian people of Swedish descent
Jordanian people of American descent
Jordanian people of Syrian descent
Fay School alumni
Daughters of kings
|
4009103
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Sykes%20%28diplomat%29
|
Richard Sykes (diplomat)
|
Sir Richard Adam Sykes, (8 May 1920 – 22 March 1979) was the British Ambassador to the Netherlands, who was assassinated by the IRA in The Hague in 1979.
Early life
Richard Sykes was born on 8 May 1920 to Brigadier A. C. Sykes. For his schooling he attended Wellington College before going up to the University of Oxford, where he attended Christ Church.
Second World War
During the Second World War, Sykes served in the British Army with the Royal Signals from 1940 to 1946. During his service he attained the rank of major. In 1945 he was awarded the Military Cross as well as the Croix de Guerre by France.
Diplomatic career
Sykes joined HM Foreign Service in 1947 and served at the Foreign Office from 1947 to 1948. He then served in Nanking (1948–50), Peking (1950–52) and returned to the UK to serve at the Foreign Office (1952–56). His next overseas postings took him to Brussels (1956–59), Santiago (1959–62) and Athens (1963–66), before returning to the Foreign Office (1967–69).
Sykes' first posting as an ambassador came with a posting to Havana (1970–72) before moving to be a Minister at the British Embassy in Washington D.C. (1972–1975). From there he returned to the Foreign Office as Department Under-Secretary between 1975 and 1977. Sykes was then appointed as Ambassador to the Netherlands in 1977.
Assassination
Sykes was leaving his residence in The Hague at 9 am and was getting into his silver Rolls-Royce limousine when he was shot. He was sitting next to Alyson Bailes. The car door was held by Karel Straub, a 19-year-old Dutch national who worked at the embassy. Straub was also shot in the attack.
Sykes' chauffeur, Jack Wilson, was uninjured and drove Sykes to Westeinde Hospital, where he died two hours later. Straub was transported by ambulance to the same hospital, where he also died.
Police reported that the shots came from around away, fired by two men wearing business suits, who escaped on foot following the attack. Later that day, André Michaux, a senior bank official from Belgium, was murdered outside his home in Brussels in a case of mistaken identity; Sir John Killick – British Deputy Ambassador to NATO, who lived opposite Michaux – was believed to be the intended target of the IRA.
Suspects for the assassination were Palestinians or Iraqis, although no evidence was ever put forward. It was ultimately confirmed that the IRA had carried out the killings.
The IRA claimed responsibility for the assassination in February 1980. In a statement they said of Sykes: "[he was] not just a Brit propagandist, as are all British ambassadors, but because he had been engaged in intelligence operations against our organisation."
The 'intelligence operations' mentioned in the statement related to a government report written by Sykes following the assassination of Christopher Ewart-Biggs. Ewart-Biggs was the British Ambassador to the Republic of Ireland and was killed by the IRA in 1976. Sykes produced diplomatic security guidelines as part of his report.
Sykes' position as Ambassador to the Netherlands had been strained due to certain Dutch groups, which were sympathetic to the IRA, and consequent arms smuggling activities.
Family
Sykes was married to Ann, Lady Sykes (née Fisher). The couple had three children. Lady Sykes died in 2018.
Memorials
There is a memorial plaque to Sykes in St Michael's Church, Wilsford, Wiltshire.
See also
List of Ambassadors from the United Kingdom to the Netherlands
References
1920 births
1979 deaths
Deaths by firearm in the Netherlands
Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to the Netherlands
Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
Recipients of the Military Cross
Assassinated British diplomats
People killed by the Provisional Irish Republican Army
British terrorism victims
Terrorism deaths in the Netherlands
British people murdered abroad
People murdered in the Netherlands
Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Cuba
British Army personnel of World War II
Sykes, Richard
20th century in The Hague
20th-century British diplomats
1979 murders in the Netherlands
Royal Corps of Signals officers
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France)
Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
British expatriates in the United States
British expatriates in China
British expatriates in Belgium
British expatriates in Chile
British expatriates in Greece
|
4009115
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muharraq%20Island
|
Muharraq Island
|
Muharraq Island (), formerly known as Moharek, is the second largest island in the archipelago of Bahrain after Bahrain Island. It lies east of the capital, Manama, on Bahrain Island.
History
It is named after Muharraq City, the former capital of Bahrain.
The Al Khalifa dynasty settled there in the nineteenth century and resided there until 1923. The island dominated trade, fishing and especially pearls industries in Bahrain. The Pearl center was made a UNESCO world heritage site in 2012.
In recent years, north of Muharraq Island have a major reclamation of some artificial islands like Amwaj Islands. The south of the island, at Hidd district, the new Bahrain International Investment Park of the free zone (BIIP) was built.
And in the far south, new Khalifa bin Salman harbor, which opened in 2009.
Demography
There are several towns and villages located on the Island, including:
Al Muharraq
Al Dair
Arad, formerly a separate island of its own
Busaiteen
Hidd
Galali
Halat Bu Maher
Samaheej
Administration
The island belongs to Muharraq Governorate.
Transportation
The island has the Bahrain International Airport that follows the long east–west axis.
The island has the Muharraq Airfield (ICAO code:none) adjacent to Bahrain International Airport.
There are three causeways connecting Muharraq Island with Manama on Bahrain Island:
Shaikh Hamad Bridge: From Muharraq City to Diplomatic Area
Shaikh Isa bin Salman Causeway: From Muharraq City/Busaiteen to Diplomatic Area
Shaikh Khalifa Bridge: From Hidd to Juffair
Image gallery
Citations
Bibliography
.
.
Islands of Bahrain
|
4009120
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess%20Raiyah%20bint%20Hussein
|
Princess Raiyah bint Hussein
|
Princess Raiyah bint Hussein (; born 9 February 1986) is the younger daughter of King Hussein of Jordan and Queen Noor. She has two brothers Hamzah and Hashem and an elder sister Princess Iman. She is a half-sister to King Abdullah II of Jordan.
Education
Princess Raiyah attended the United World College of the Atlantic in Wales and received her undergraduate degree in Japanese at the University of Edinburgh. She took a year abroad studying at Ritsumeikan University in Japan. She received a postgraduate degree in Japanese literature from Columbia University.
She later moved to Tokyo, where she spent three years working in the field of human development.
Currently, Princess Raiyah is a graduate student studying a PhD in the Department of Asian Languages and Cultures on "the reception of medieval warrior narratives in Japan and the Arab World and their impact upon the construction of national identities" at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).
Official duties
Princess Raiyah took part in official visits to Japan in 2007 and 2008, and accompanied King Abdullah II to the country in April 2009. In 2008, she formed part of a Jordanian delegation on an official visit with King Abdullah II to South Korea.
Personal life
On 5 November 2019, the court announced Princess Raiyah's engagement to British-born journalist Ned Donovan, son of the writer Tessa Dahl and Patrick Donovan, and a maternal grandson of Roald Dahl and Patricia Neal, while his paternal grandparents are Francis Patrick Donovan and Maria Kozslik. His half-sister is the model Sophie Dahl, who is married to the singer Jamie Cullum.
The pair married on 7 July 2020 in the United Kingdom with the permission of King Abdullah II, after their planned wedding in Jordan was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Patronages
Patron of The Performing Arts Center of Jordan.
Honours
:
Knight Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Renaissance, Special Class
Recipient of the Al-Hussein Medal of Excellence in Gold (First Class)
Ancestry
References
1986 births
Living people
Jordanian princesses
Jordanian people of Scottish descent
Jordanian people of English descent
Jordanian people of Swedish descent
Jordanian people of American descent
Jordanian people of Syrian descent
People educated at Atlantic College
People educated at a United World College
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
Ritsumeikan University alumni
Daughters of kings
|
4009121
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex%20O%27Brien
|
Alex O'Brien
|
Alex O'Brien (born ) is an American former doubles world No. 1 tennis player. He gained the top ranking in May 2000 and was ranked as high as world No. 30 in singles in June 1997.
He won his only singles title at New Haven, Connecticut, in 1996 and reached the quarterfinals of the 1994 Cincinnati Masters and the 1996 Canada Masters. He won 13 doubles titles, the biggest coming at the 1999 US Open, the Cincinnati Masters in 1994 (his first doubles title), the Indian Wells Masters in 2000, and the Paris Masters in 1999.
Tennis career
Alongside his 13 titles, O'Brien also reached 20 doubles finals, including the Australian Open in 1996 & 1997, the U.S. Open in 1995, the Miami Masters in 1998, and the Canada Masters and the Rome Masters in 1997.
He also played on the United States Davis Cup team, competed in the 2000 Sydney Olympics, and was a four-time All-American at Stanford University, where he won NCAA singles, doubles, and team titles in 1992. He earned a bachelor's degree in American Studies at Stanford in 1992.
On leaving his tennis career O'Brien founded an online business which markets, and distributes steaks. The O'Brien family has been in the beef business for 60 years basing their production out of the LIT Ranch. O'Brien is currently President and part owner of the Bank of Commerce, a small community online bank with branches in Amarillo and McLean Texas.
Grand Slam finals
Doubles (1 title, 3 runners-ups)
ATP career finals
Men's doubles: 33 (13 titles, 20 runner-ups)
Doubles performance timeline
External links
1970 births
Living people
American male tennis players
Sportspeople from Amarillo, Texas
Stanford Cardinal men's tennis players
Tennis people from Texas
US Open (tennis) champions
Tennis players at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in men's doubles
Olympic tennis players of the United States
ATP number 1 ranked doubles tennis players
|
4009132
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada%20at%20the%201976%20Winter%20Olympics
|
Canada at the 1976 Winter Olympics
|
Canada competed at the 1976 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck, Austria. Canada has competed at every Winter Olympic Games.
Medalists
Alpine skiing
Men
Women
Bobsleigh
Cross-country skiing
Men
Men's 4 × 10 km relay
Women
Women's 4 × 5 km relay
Figure skating
Men
Women
Pairs
Ice Dancing
Luge
Men
(Men's) Doubles
Women
Nordic combined
Events:
normal hill ski jumping (Three jumps, best two counted and shown here.)
15 km cross-country skiing
Ski jumping
Speed skating
Men
Women
References
Olympic Winter Games 1976, full results by sports-reference.com
Nations at the 1976 Winter Olympics
1976
Winter Olympics
|
4009140
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorquin%27s%20admiral
|
Lorquin's admiral
|
Lorquin's admiral (Limenitis lorquini) is a butterfly in the Nymphalinae subfamily. The butterfly is named after Pierre Joseph Michel Lorquin, a French naturalist who came to California from France during the Gold Rush, and made important discoveries on the natural history of the terrain.
Description
The Lorquin's admiral has brown-black wings, each with a row of white spots across it. Its forewings have orange tips. Wingspan: 47 to 71 mm; females are generally larger than males.
Distribution and habitat
The Lorquin's admiral can mostly be found across the Upper Sonoran to the Canadian Zone, east to western Montana and Idaho. Known areas include southern British Columbia (including Vancouver Island, north of Emerald Lake), and Cypress Hills in southwestern Saskatchewan as well as southwestern Alberta. The butterfly resides mostly in forest edges, mountain canyons, parks, streamsides, fencerows, orchards, and groves of cottonwood and poplar. Usually the butterflies feed on California buckeye, yerba santa, privet, bird droppings, and dung. They are extremely territorial and will attack any intruders into their habitat, including large birds.
Larvae
Larvae are usually yellow with a patch of white on the back. Eggs are laid near or on the tips of leaves. Common trees that the larvae feed on include willow (Salix), poplar, cherry (Prunus), cottonwood (Populus), and an assortment of orchard trees, including cherry, apple, and plum.
Flight season
The Lorquin's admiral usually flies around April to October, though it depends on the region. Butterflies in northern areas tend to have one brood a year (usually between June and August) whereas southern butterflies (mainly in California) tend to have multiple broods.
Similar species
California sister butterfly (Adelpha bredowii californica)
Weidemeyer's admiral (L. weidemeyerii)
White admiral (L. arthemis)
References
Further reading
Glassberg, Jeffrey Butterflies through Binoculars: The West (2001)
Guppy, Crispin S. and Shepard, Jon H. Butterflies of British Columbia (2001)
James, David G. and Nunnallee, David Life Histories of Cascadia Butterflies (2011)
Pelham, Jonathan Catalogue of the Butterflies of the United States and Canada (2008)
Pyle, Robert Michael The Butterflies of Cascadia (2002)
External links
Raising Butterflies
Butterflies of Oregon
Lorquin's Admiral, Butterflies of Canada
Butterflies and Moths of North America - Limenitis lorquini
Butterflies of America - Limenitis lorquini
Limenitis
Butterflies of North America
Nymphalidae of South America
Butterflies described in 1852
|
4009152
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dockstavarvet
|
Dockstavarvet
|
Dockstavarvet is a Swedish shipyard located in the small village of Docksta, in the municipality of Kramfors, by the Gulf of Bothnia.
The company was founded in 1905 by Nils and Carl Sundin as N & C Sundins Båtbyggeri; the current name of the company simply means "Docksta shipyard".
In the 1970s Dockstavarvet began specializing in aluminium vessels, such as pilot boats, patrol crafts, and lifeboats.
In the mid 1980s the company was commissioned to build a military assault craft, known as the Combat Boat 90, for the Swedish Marines. This has been the company's most successful product, with around 250 to 300 units built.
In 2000, Dockstavarvet acquired the Rindö naval yard, which remains the primary repair facility for the Swedish Navy's CB90s.
The Russian Border Patrol operate 11 Interceptor Craft 16M built by Dockstavarvet. These boats are based on CB90 design concept but not identical to it.
References
Dockstavarvet's web site
Shipyards of Sweden
|
4009153
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leece
|
Leece
|
Leece is a village on the Furness peninsula in Cumbria, England, between the towns of Ulverston and Barrow-in-Furness.
Amenities
The village is built around a tarn and a village green, and Henry Armer & Son, a smithy established in 1914 that has since become an agricultural engineering business.
For parish council purposes, Leece belongs to Aldingham Parish Council.
History
Historically part of Lancashire, the name Leece is probably from the Old English leah, which means 'woodland clearing', and the plural of which is Leas. It was recorded in the Domesday Book as Lies, in the Manor of Hougun held by Earl Tostig. It appears later in 1269 as Lees.
Leece used to contain the United Methodist Free Church. It was founded in 1881, but closed in 1912. The building, which was taken down in the late 1920s, can still be seen on some photographs from the period. The church did not have a cemetery. St. Matthew's Church, in the village of Dendron, built in 1642, also served the village, as both a church and a school. It was funded by Robert Dickinson, a citizen of London, who had formerly lived in Leece.
In the 1990s and 2000s, Leece played a part in the Lady in the Lake murder trial. Gordon Park, a resident of Leece, bludgeoned his 30-year-old wife Carol to death with an ice axe, then dumped her body in Coniston Water, telling police investigating her disappearance that she had left their home for another man.
Gallery
See also
Listed buildings in Aldingham
Sources
External links
Cumbria County History Trust: Aldingham (nb: provisional research only – see Talk page)
Villages in Cumbria
Aldingham
Furness
|
4009155
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada%20at%20the%201972%20Winter%20Olympics
|
Canada at the 1972 Winter Olympics
|
Canada competed at the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo, Japan. Canada has competed at every Winter Olympic Games.
The one silver medal won by Karen Magnussen ties with the Canadian Olympic Team of 1936 for the lowest medal total by a Canadian Winter Olympic Team.
Medalists
Alpine skiing
Men
Men's slalom
Women
Bobsleigh
Cross-country skiing
Men
Men's 4 × 10 km relay
Women
Women's 3 × 5 km relay
Figure skating
Men
Women
Pairs
Luge
Men
(Men's) Doubles
Ski jumping
Speed skating
Men
Women
References
Olympic Winter Games 1972, full results by sports-reference.com
Nations at the 1972 Winter Olympics
1972
Winter Olympics
|
4009164
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Family%20Game%20%28game%20show%29
|
The Family Game (game show)
|
The Family Game was an American game show that ran on ABC for six months in 1967. Geoff Edwards was originally to host the (unrecorded) pilot, but was dropped at the last minute and was replaced by producer Chuck Barris. Although ABC bought the series, they mandated that someone other than Barris be the host; Bob Barker, then hosting Truth or Consequences and also began hosting the Miss USA & Miss Universe Pageants on CBS that year, was selected without a screen test or pilot.
The Family Game was played similar to Barris' more popular ABC game show The Newlywed Game, except that instead of four married couples there were three families (each consisting of two children and their parents).
The series is notable for being the last new black-and-white network series to air in America prior to the nationwide switch to color in 1968.
Gameplay
The Family Game had parents and their children aged 6–11 years old trying to predict and match answers to a series of questions, similar to Newlywed.
Round 1
In Round 1, the younger children were asked three questions while their parents were off stage. The parents returned and the mothers responded to the same questions. Their teams scored 10 points for each answer they matched.
Round 2
In Round 2, the parents again left the stage and the older children answered four questions. The first three were worth 15 points, while the last was a "bonus" worth 25 points. When the parents returned, the father tried to match answers to the first three questions and both parents responded to the 25-point bonus question.
The family with the most points won the game and a grand prize. If there was a tie, it was broken in the same manner as on The Newlywed Game. Before the show, each family was asked to predict how many points they would score. The one closest to their actual score without going over was declared the winner.
Merchandise
A board game based on the show was released by Hasbro at the time.
Episode status
The Family Game is believed to have been erased ("wiped") due to network practices. Only two episodes are known to exist.
Attempted revival
A revival was attempted in 1986 with Jeff MacGregor (the host of The All-New Dating Game from 1987 to 1989), but the pilot was not picked up. This unsold pilot can be viewed at the UCLA Film and Television Archive, and a clip was also shown briefly in the Game Show Network original series, As Seen On.
References
American Broadcasting Company original programming
Black-and-white American television shows
American game shows
1960s American game shows
1967 American television series debuts
1967 American television series endings
Lost television shows
Television series by Sony Pictures Television
Television series by Barris Industries
Television series created by Chuck Barris
|
4009170
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coraz%C3%B3n%20salvaje%20%281977%20TV%20series%29
|
Corazón salvaje (1977 TV series)
|
Corazón salvaje is a Mexican telenovela, which was produced by and broadcast on Televisa in 1977. It is the fourth of five screen adaptations of the novel of the same name by Caridad Bravo Adams, and the second telenovela. The first telenovela starred singer Julissa while the 1977 production starred singer Angélica María who had previously had the role of Mónica in the 1968 film version. Actor Ernesto Alonso produced this version and after not casting Julissa and instead repeating Angélica María the first allegedly declared "Since my father (Luis de Llano) is not employed in this company (Televisa) anymore Ernesto Alonso has forgotten me in his castings".
Cast
Angélica María as Mónica Molnar
Martín Cortés as Juan del Diablo
Susana Dosamantes as Aimee Molnar
Fernando Allende as Renato D'Autremont
Bertha Moss as Sofía
Miguel Manzano as Pedro Noel
Kikis Herrera Calles as Catalina de Molnar
Lucy Tovar as Janina
Socorro Avelar as Ana
Jorge Vargas as Francisco D'Autremont
Armando Alcazar as Renato (as a child)
Ernesto Alonso as Narrator
Roberto Antunez as Vice-Secretary of the Governor
Carlos Argüelles as Juan (as a child)
Consuelo Frank as Sister María Inés de la Conception
Manuel Guízar as Doctor Alejandro Faber
Ernesto Marin as Colibrí
René Muñoz as Esteban
Agustín Sauret as Marcos
Raúl Vale as Adrián Lefevre
Sergio Zuani as Segundo Duclos
Eduardo Alcaraz as Padre Didier
Tony Bravo as Charles Brighton
Rosa Gloria Chagoyán
Juan Diego Fernandez Viñas
Roberto Montiel as Gracian
Leon Singer
Pilar Souza
Ignacio Rubiell
See also
Corazón salvaje
External links
Corazón salvaje at the telenovela database
1977 telenovelas
1970s Mexican television series
1977 Mexican television series debuts
1977 Mexican television series endings
Mexican telenovelas
Spanish-language telenovelas
Televisa telenovelas
|
4009179
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Closed%20Circle%3A%20An%20Interpretation%20of%20the%20Arabs
|
The Closed Circle: An Interpretation of the Arabs
|
The Closed Circle: An interpretation of the Arabs is a 1989 book by author David Pryce-Jones that was published by Harper & Row.
Summary
This book discusses the tribal roots of Arab society which form the basis of its cultural traditions. The author documents the cultural forces which drive the violence and mayhem that, in his view, is characteristic of Arab societies in their dealings with each other and with the West.
The author argues that the Arab world is stuck in an age-old tribalism and behavior from which it is unable to evolve. In tribal society, loyalty is extended to close kin and other members of the tribe. In the Arab world those who seek power achieve it by plotting secretly and ruthlessly eliminating their rivals.
Table of contents
Tribal Society and Its Legacy
Shame and Honor
Western Approaches
Power Challenging and Careerism
Men and Women
The Turkish Example
Colonialism
The Impact of Nazism
The Impact of Communism
Arabia and Oil
The Issue of Palestine
Power Holders
Image and Identity
Conclusion
See also
The Arab Mind
The Bell Curve
The Camp of the Saints
Anti-Arabism
References
1989 non-fiction books
Race-related controversies in literature
Stereotypes of Arab people
History books about ethnic groups
|
4009210
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/When%20You%27re%20Alone%2C%20You%27re%20Not%20Alone
|
When You're Alone, You're Not Alone
|
When You're Alone, You're Not Alone Is Forgive Durden's second EP. It was released independently and was available for purchase at shows.
Track listing
"B as in Burn" – 0:57
"No Ace, Just You" – 2:43
"I am a Heart, Watson. The Rest of Me Is Mere Appendix." – 3:36
"Caelestis" – 2:32
"Jamais Vu" – 3:42
"The Sour and the Sweet" – 3:08
"I'm a Sucker for Fakes" – 3:15
Forgive Durden albums
2004 EPs
|
4009213
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral%20eukaryogenesis
|
Viral eukaryogenesis
|
Viral eukaryogenesis is the hypothesis that the cell nucleus of eukaryotic life forms evolved from a large DNA virus in a form of endosymbiosis within a methanogenic archaeon or a bacterium. The virus later evolved into the eukaryotic nucleus by acquiring genes from the host genome and eventually usurping its role. The hypothesis was first proposed by Philip Bell in 2001 and was further popularized with the discovery of large, complex DNA viruses (such as Mimivirus) that are capable of protein biosynthesis.
Recent supporting evidence includes the discovery that, upon the infection of a bacterial cell, the giant bacteriophage 201 Φ2-1 (of genus Phikzvirus) assembles a nucleus-like structure around the region of genome replication and uncouples transcription and translation, and synthesized mRNA is then transported into the cytoplasm where it undergoes translation. The same researchers also found that this same phage encodes a eukaryotic homologue to tubulin (PhuZ) that plays the role of positioning the viral factory in the center of the cell during genome replication. The PhuZ spindle shares several unique properties with eukaryotic spindles: dynamic instability, bipolar filament arrays, and centrally positioning DNA. Furthermore, evidence indicates that many classes of nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs) such as mimiviruses have the apparatus to produce m7G capped mRNA and contain homologues of the eukaryotic cap binding protein eIF4E. Those supporting viral eukaryogenesis also point to the lack of these features in archaea, and so believe that a sizable gap separates the archaeal groups most related to the eukaryotes and the eukaryotes themselves in terms of the nucleus. In light of these and other discoveries, Bell modified his original thesis to suggest that the viral ancestor of the nucleus was an NCLDV-like archaeal virus rather than a pox-like virus.
The viral eukaryogenesis has been controversial for several reasons. For one, it is sometimes argued that the posited evidence for the viral origins of the nucleus can be conversely used to suggest nuclear origins of some viruses. Secondly, this hypothesis has further inflamed the longstanding debate over whether viruses are living organisms.
Hypothesis
The viral eukaryogenesis hypothesis posits that eukaryotes are composed of three ancestral elements: a viral component that became the modern nucleus; a prokaryotic cell (an archaeon according to the eocyte hypothesis) which donated the cytoplasm and cell membrane of modern cells; and another prokaryotic cell (here bacterium) that, by endocytosis, became the modern mitochondrion or chloroplast.
In 2006, researchers suggested that the transition from RNA to DNA genomes first occurred in the viral world. A DNA-based virus may have provided storage for an ancient host that had previously used RNA to store its genetic information (such host is called ribocell or ribocyte). Viruses may initially have adopted DNA as a way to resist RNA-degrading enzymes in the host cells. Hence, the contribution from such a new component may have been as significant as the contribution from chloroplasts or mitochondria. Following this hypothesis, archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes each obtained their DNA informational system from a different virus. In the original paper it was also an RNA cell at the origin of eukaryotes, but eventually more complex, featuring RNA processing. Although this is in contrast to nowadays more probable eocyte hypothesis, viruses seem to have contributed to the origin of all three domains of life ('out of virus hypothesis'). It has also been suggested that telomerase and telomeres, key aspects of eukaryotic cell replication, have viral origins. Further, the viral origins of the modern eukaryotic nucleus may have relied on multiple infections of archaeal cells carrying bacterial mitochondrial precursors with lysogenic viruses.
The viral eukaryogenesis hypothesis depicts a model of eukaryotic evolution in which a virus, similar to a modern pox virus, evolved into a nucleus via gene acquisition from existing bacterial and archaeal species.
The lysogenic virus then became the information storage center for the cell, while the cell retained its capacities for gene translation and general function despite the viral genome's entry. Similarly, the bacterial species involved in this eukaryogenesis retained its capacity to produce energy in the form of ATP while also passing much of its genetic information into this new virus-nucleus organelle. It is hypothesized that the modern cell cycle, whereby mitosis, meiosis, and sex occur in all eukaryotes, evolved because of the balances struck by viruses, which characteristically follow a pattern of tradeoff between infecting as many hosts as possible and killing an individual host through viral proliferation. Hypothetically, viral replication cycles may mirror those of plasmids and viral lysogens. However, this theory is controversial, and additional experimentation involving archaeal viruses is necessary, as they are probably the most evolutionarily similar to modern eukaryotic nuclei.
The viral eukaryogenesis hypothesis points to the cell cycle of eukaryotes, particularly sex and meiosis, as evidence. Little is known about the origins of DNA or reproduction in prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells. It is thus possible that viruses were involved in the creation of Earth's first cells. The eukaryotic nucleus contains linear DNA with specialized end sequences, like that of viruses (and in contrast to bacterial genomes, which have a circular topology); it uses mRNA capping, and separates transcription from translation. Eukaryotic nuclei are also capable of cytoplasmic replication. Some large viruses have their own DNA-directed RNA polymerase. Transfers of "infectious" nuclei have been documented in many parasitic red algae.
Another supporting evidence is that the m7G capping apparatus (involved in uncoupling of transcription from translation) is present in both Eukarya and Mimiviridae but not in Lokiarchaeota that are considered the nearest archaeal relatives of Eukarya according to the Eocyte hypothesis (also supported by the phylogenetic analysis of the m7G capping pathway).
Implications
A number of precepts in the theory are possible. For instance, a helical virus with a bilipid envelope bears a distinct resemblance to a highly simplified cellular nucleus (i.e., a DNA chromosome encapsulated within a lipid membrane). In theory, a large DNA virus could take control of a bacterial or archaeal cell. Instead of replicating and destroying the host cell, it would remain within the cell, thus overcoming the tradeoff dilemma typically faced by viruses. With the virus in control of the host cell's molecular machinery, it would effectively become a functional nucleus. Through the processes of mitosis and cytokinesis, the virus would thus recruit the entire cell as a symbiont—a new way to survive and proliferate.
See also
Endogenous retrovirus
Endogenous viral element
Paleovirology
References
Further reading
Microbiology
Evolutionary biology
Virology
Symbiosis
Cell nucleus
Eukaryote biology
|
4009217
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaghetti%20%28disambiguation%29
|
Spaghetti (disambiguation)
|
Spaghetti is a long thin form of pasta.
Spaghetti or spaghetto may also refer to:
Spaghetti
Spaghetti (film), a 1916 film starring Oliver Hardy
Spaghetti squash, a fruit
Spaghetti code, in software
Spaghetti plot, a method of showing possible flows through systems
Spaghetti Western, a genre of films produced by Italian production companies in the 1960s
Spaghetti Records, a record label
Spaghetti sort, a sorting algorithm.
Spaghetto
Diana Manfredi aka "Spaghetto"
People
Tony "Spaghetti" Eustace (b. 1948), Australian fugitive was found murdered in 1985
See also
Spaghetti tree, a 1957 BBC April Fools' Day hoax
Flying Spaghetti Monster, a religion (or pseudoreligion)
Spaghetti Junction, one of several highway junctions, nicknamed due to their complexity
"The Spaghetti Incident?", a cover album by Guns N' Roses
The Spaghetti Family, an animated television series
|
4009244
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacksonville%20Daily%20Record
|
Jacksonville Daily Record
|
The Jacksonville Daily Record, formerly the Financial News & Daily Record, is a weekly newspaper that has been published in Jacksonville, Florida since 1912.
Overview
The Daily Record primarily publishes urban development, financial, and legal related news, articles, and profiles. It is the official newspaper of The Jacksonville Bar Association, Duval County Court, and the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Middle District of Florida. The paper is the primary publisher of legal notices in Duval County. Synopses from documents filed by The Clerk of the Circuit Court are published.
History
Founded in 1912, The Daily Record is currently published by Observer Media Group, which bought the newspaper from third-generation owner James F. Bailey Jr. in January 2017. Bailey was publisher for 41 years. His family owned the newspaper for 104 years.
References
External links
Mass media in Jacksonville, Florida
Newspapers published in Florida
Publications established in 1912
Northbank, Jacksonville
1912 establishments in Florida
|
4009250
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauri%20Shankar%20%28chess%20player%29
|
Gauri Shankar (chess player)
|
Gauri Shankar (born 1 October 1992) is an Indian chess player who is currently a FIDE Master.
Gauri's older brother Arjun Vishnuvardhan is an International Chess Master and the 2006 National G/60 Chess Champion of the United States.
Achievements
National Chess Champion of India for Under-7 boys 1999-2000, Aurangabad, India.
2006 US Junior Open Chess Champion, Texas, United States.
2007 Biel International Youth Chess Champion, Switzerland in August.
References
External links
Article on Chessbase.com
1992 births
Living people
Indian chess players
Chess FIDE Masters
Place of birth missing (living people)
|
4009253
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle%20Air%20Museum
|
Castle Air Museum
|
Castle Air Museum is a military aviation museum located in Atwater, California, United States adjacent to Castle Airport, a former United States Air Force Strategic Air Command base which was closed in 1995, after the end of the Cold War. It is one of the largest aerospace museums displaying vintage aircraft in the western United States.
History and information
The museum opened with 12 aircraft on 20 June 1981 as a branch of the United States Air Force Museum system. Only four months later, an additional four aircraft were placed on display. Then in 1983, an audit criticized leadership for poor accountability of resources, displaying aircraft outside the museum's mission, and lack of security. When Castle Air Force Base was closed in April 1995 and became Castle Airport, the museum similarly became private. The loss of federal funding eventually caused financial problems for the museum.
It currently displays over 60 restored World War II, Korean War, Cold War, and modern era aircraft. The outdoor museum covers , and among the exhibit highlights are a Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird (one of only 19 surviving), a Boeing B-52D Stratofortress, and the massive, ten-engined Convair RB-36H Peacemaker, one of only four surviving and the largest mass-produced piston aircraft in history. An indoor museum features artifacts, photographs, uniforms, war memorabilia, aircraft engines, and a restored B-52 Stratofortress flight deck. A crew of volunteers restores and maintains the aircraft on display. The museum also hosts a periodic Open House in which visitors can view the interiors of certain planes.
In May 2008, the museum reached its 50th displayed aircraft milestone with the addition of a Douglas A-4L Skyhawk. The aircraft was shipped to the museum in August 2006, and restored at a cost of $12,000.
In October 2013, the Museum received a retired VC-9C aircraft that had previously served during several administrations as an alternate Air Force One and Air Force Two aircraft when use of the primary VC-137 or VC-25 was impractical. Vice presidents such as Al Gore and Dick Cheney, and First Ladies such as Nancy Reagan, Barbara Bush, and Hillary Clinton, as well as presidents Ronald Reagan and Bill Clinton, were among the individuals who used the plane.
In 2021, the museum received 5 aircraft from Naval Air Museum Barbers Point, which had closed two years prior.
Alleged paranormal occurrences
The B-29A Superfortress exhibit is reported to be haunted by a spirit named "Arthur." Museum management has reported that visitors, including paranormal investigators, have heard knocking and footsteps from inside the plane. In addition, lights in the aircraft have been known to turn on and off, and the propellers are known to turn even though they are locked in place. An apparition has allegedly been photographed on several occasions, and paranormal researchers claim to have detected anomalous readings on their equipment. The paranormal occurrences have been featured on an episode of UPN's Real Ghosts (1995).
Collection
Hidden aircraft collection
Castle Air Museum has several aircraft that cannot be displayed outdoors, as their fabric coverings do not hold up in the San Joaquin Valley weather. The museum is working to raise funds for a suitable building to display these and other items that they do not currently have indoor space to display.
Piper L-4
Stinson L-5 Sentinel
Bell H-13 Sioux
Ryan PT-22 Recruit
Fairchild PT-23
Schweizer SGS 1-26 (TG-3)
Cessna UC-78
Restoration efforts
The museum has recently received several aircraft which are currently under restoration before they will be displayed on the museum grounds:
Convair B-58 Hustler
Douglas SBD Dauntless
Lockheed EC-121 Warning Star
Lockheed PV-2 Harpoon
References
Footnotes
Notes
Bibliography
Castle Air Museum Visitor's Guide
City of Atwater – Approved Annexations
External links
Castle Air Museum website
SR-71 Online – Castle Air Museum Photo Tour
Castle Air Museum RB-36H Peacemaker
Aerospace museums in California
Museums in Merced County, California
Military and war museums in California
Museums established in 1981
1981 establishments in California
|
4009257
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kramers%E2%80%93Wannier%20duality
|
Kramers–Wannier duality
|
The Kramers–Wannier duality is a symmetry in statistical physics. It relates the free energy of a two-dimensional square-lattice Ising model at a low temperature to that of another Ising model at a high temperature. It was discovered by Hendrik Kramers and Gregory Wannier in 1941. With the aid of this duality Kramers and Wannier found the exact location of the critical point for the Ising model on the square lattice.
Similar dualities establish relations between free energies of other statistical models. For instance, in 3 dimensions the Ising model is dual to an Ising gauge model.
Intuitive idea
The 2-dimensional Ising model exists on a lattice, which is a collection of squares in a chessboard pattern. With the finite lattice, the edges can be connected to form a torus. In theories of this kind, one constructs an involutive transform. For instance, Lars Onsager suggested that the Star-Triangle transformation could be used for the triangular lattice. Now the dual of the discrete torus is itself. Moreover, the dual of a highly disordered system (high temperature) is a well-ordered system (low temperature). This is because the Fourier transform takes a high bandwidth signal (more standard deviation) to a low one (less standard deviation). So one has essentially the same theory with an inverse temperature.
When one raises the temperature in one theory, one lowers the temperature in the other. If there is only one phase transition, it will be at the point at which they cross, at which the temperature is equal. Because the 2D Ising model goes from a disordered state to an ordered state, there is a near one-to-one mapping between the disordered and ordered phases.
The theory has been generalized, and is now blended with many other ideas. For instance, the square lattice is replaced by a circle, random lattice, nonhomogeneous torus, triangular lattice, labyrinth, lattices with twisted boundaries, chiral Potts model, and many others.
Derivation
Define these variables.
The low temperature expansion for (K*,L*) is
which by using the transformation
gives
where v = tanh K and w = tanh L. This yields a relation with the high-temperature expansion. The relations can be written more symmetrically as
With the free energy per site in the thermodynamic limit
the Kramers–Wannier duality gives
In the isotropic case where K = L, if there is a critical point at K = Kc then there is another at K = K*c. Hence, in the case of there being a unique critical point, it would be located at K = K* = K*c, implying sinh 2Kc = 1, yielding kTc = 2.2692J.
See also
Ising model
S-duality
Z N model
References
External links
Statistical mechanics
Exactly solvable models
Lattice models
|
4009258
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada%20at%20the%201968%20Winter%20Olympics
|
Canada at the 1968 Winter Olympics
|
Canada competed at the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble, France. Canada has competed at every Winter Olympic Games. This was the first Winter Olympic Games in which the new Maple Leaf Flag was used to represent the country.
Medalists
Alpine skiing
Men
Men's slalom
Women
Biathlon
Men
1 One minute added per close miss (a hit in the outer ring), two minutes added per complete miss.
Men's 4 x 7.5 km relay
2 A penalty loop of 200 metres had to be skied per missed target.
Bobsleigh
Cross-country skiing
Men
Men's 4 × 10 km relay
Figure skating
Men
Women
Pairs
Ice hockey
Medal Round
Canada – West Germany 6:1 (0:0, 4:1, 2:0)
Goalscorers: Bourbonnais 2, Cadieux, Dinnen, Mott, Huck – Kopf.
Referees: Seglin, Snětkov (URS)
Canada – Finland 2:5 (1:2, 0:1, 1:2)
Goalscorers: O'Shea, McMillan – Keinonen, Oksanen, J. Peltonen, Koskela, Wahlsten.
Referees: Trumble (USA), Seglin (URS)
Canada – East Germany 11:0 (4:0, 4:0, 3:0)
Goalscorers: Mott 4, Huck 2, Hargreaves, O'Shea, Bourbonnais, Monteith, H. Pinder.
Referees: Trumble (USA), Sillankorva (FIN)
Canada – USA 3:2 (1:2, 0:0, 2:0)
Goalscorers: Cadieux 2, Johnston – Pleau, Riutta.
Referees: Snětkov, Seglin (URS)
Czechoslovakia – Canada 2:3 (0:0, 0:3, 2:0)
Goalscorers: Havel, Nedomanský – Huck, Bourbonnais, Cadieux.
Referees: Trumble (USA), Sillankorva (FIN)
Sweden – Canada 0:3 (0:2, 0.0, 0:1)
Goalscorers: Johnston, G. Pinder, O'Shea.
Referees: Sillankorva (FIN), Kořínek (TCH)
USSR – Canada 5:0 (1:0, 1:0, 3:0)
Goalscorers: Firsov 2, Mišakov, Staršinov, Zimin.
Referees: Trumble (USA), Dahlberg (SWE)
Leading scorers/Awards
IIHF Award:
Contestants
CANADA
Goaltenders: Ken Broderick, Wayne Stephenson.
Defence: Marshall Johnston, Terry O'Malley, Barry MacKenzie, Brian Glennie, Paul Conlin.
Forwards: Fran Huck, Morris Mott, Ray Cadieux, Roger Bourbonnais, Danny O'Shea, Bill MacMillan, Gary Dineen, Ted Hargreaves, Herb Pinder, Steve Monteith, Gerry Pinder.
Coach: Jackie McLeod.
Luge
Men
Women
Ski jumping
Speed skating
Men
Women
Official Outfitter
HBC was the official outfitter of clothing for members of the Canadian Olympic team. It was HBC last Olympics until 2006.
References
Olympic Winter Games 1968, full results by sports-reference.com
Nations at the 1968 Winter Olympics
1968
Winter Olympics
|
4009259
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20football%20positions
|
American football positions
|
In American football, the specific role that a player takes on the field is referred to as their "position". Under the modern rules of American football, both teams are allowed 11 players on the field at one time and have "unlimited free substitutions", meaning that they may change any number of players during any "dead ball" situation. This has resulted in the development of three task-specific "platoons" of players within any single team: the offense (the team with possession of the ball, which is trying to score), the defense (the team trying to prevent the other team from scoring, and to take the ball from them), and the so-called 'special teams' (who play in all kicking situations). Within these three separate "platoons", various positions exist depending on the jobs that the players are doing.
Offense
In American football, the offense is the team that has possession of the ball and is advancing toward the opponent's end zone to score points. The eleven players of the offense can be separated into two main groups: the five offensive linemen, whose primary job is to block opponents and protect their quarterback, and the other six backs and receivers, whose primary job is to move the ball down the field by either running with it or passing it.
The organization of the offense is strictly mandated by the rules of the sport: there must be at least seven players on the line of scrimmage and no more than four players (known collectively as "backs") behind it. The only players eligible to handle the ball during a normal play are the backs and the two players on the end of the line (the "ends"). These players make up the "skill positions" and are also referred to as "eligible receivers" or "eligible ball carriers". The remaining players (known as "interior linemen") are "ineligible" to catch forward passes. Within these strictures, however, creative coaches have developed a wide array of offensive formations to take advantage of different player skills and game situations.
The following positions are standard in nearly every game, though different teams will use different arrangements of them, dependent on their individual game plans.
Offensive (interior) line
The offensive line is primarily responsible for blocking the defensive line of the opposition, in order to protect their own quarterback. During normal play, offensive linemen do not handle the ball (aside from the snap from center), unless the ball is fumbled by a ball carrier, a pass is deflected, or a player who is normally an offensive lineman takes a different position on the field. The offensive line consists of:
Center (C)
The center is the player who begins the play from scrimmage by snapping the ball to the quarterback. As the name suggests, the center usually plays in the middle of the offensive line, though some teams may employ an unbalanced line where the center is offset to one side. Like all offensive linemen, the center has the responsibility to block defensive players. The center often also has the responsibility to call out blocking assignments and make last second adjustments depending on the defensive alignment.
Offensive guard (OG)
Two guards line up directly on either side of the center. Like all interior linemen, their function is to block on both running and passing plays. On some plays, rather than blocking straight ahead, a guard will "pull", whereby the guard comes out of their position in line to lead block for a ball carrier, on plays known as "traps" (for inside runs), "sweeps" (for outside runs), and "screens" (for passing plays). In such cases, the guard is referred to as a "pulling guard".
Offensive tackle (OT)
Two tackles play outside of the guards. Their role is primarily to block on both running and passing plays. The area from one tackle to the other is an area of "close line play" in which blocks from behind, which are prohibited elsewhere on the field, are allowed. For a right-handed quarterback, the left tackle is charged with protecting the quarterback from being hit from behind (known as the "blind side"), and this is usually the most skilled player on the offensive line. Like a guard, the tackle may have to "pull", on a running play, when there is a tight end on their side. Tackles typically have a taller, longer build than interior offensive linemen, due to the need to keep separation from defensive linemen in pass blocking situations. They also tend to have quick footwork skills as they often engage against containing or rushing defensive ends.
Backs and receivers (R)
Four backs line up behind the line of scrimmage. Additionally, there are two receivers, one on each end of the line of scrimmage, who line up outside of the interior linemen. There are four main positions in this set of players:
Quarterback (QB)
The quarterback is the player who receives the ball from the center to start the play. Considered the most influential position on the offensive side because his team's progress down the field is dependent on his success, the quarterback is responsible for receiving the play from the coaches on the sideline and communicating the play to the other offensive players in the huddle, and serves as the leader of the team's passing game. The quarterback may need to make late changes to the intended play at the line of scrimmage (known as an "audible") depending on the defensive alignment. At the start of the play, the quarterback may be lined up in one of three positions. If he is positioned directly behind and in contact with the center and receives the ball via the direct hand-to-hand pass, he is said to be "under center". Alternatively, if he is lined up some distance behind the center, he is said to be either in "shotgun formation" or in "pistol formation" ('shotgun' is generally further back than 'pistol'). Upon receiving the ball from the center, the quarterback has three basic options to advance the ball: he may run the ball himself (most commonly referred to as scrambling), he may hand it to another eligible ball carrier to run with it, or he may execute a forward pass to a player further up the field.
Running back (HB/FB)
Running backs are players who line up behind the offensive line in a position to receive a hand-off from the quarterback and execute a rushing play. Anywhere from one to three running backs may be utilized on a play (or none, which is referred to as an "empty backfield"). Depending on where they line up and what role they have, running backs come in several varieties. The "tailback", also known as the "halfback", is often a team's primary ball carrier on rushing plays. They may also catch passes, often acting as a "check-down" or "safety valve" when all other receivers on a pass play are covered. The "fullback" is often larger and stronger than the tailback and acts primarily as a blocker, though the fullback may also be used for catching passes or for rushing as a tailback does. Fullbacks often line up closer to the line of scrimmage than tailbacks do in order to block for them on rushing plays. A "wing-back" or a "slot-back" is a term for a running back who lines up behind the line of scrimmage outside the tackle or tight end on either side of the offensive line. Slot-backs are usually only found in certain offensive alignments, such as the flexbone formation. There also exists a similar position, known as the "H-back", that is actually considered a modification of the normal tight end position.
Wide receiver (WR)
Wide receivers are pass-catching specialists. Typically fast and tall, their main job is to run pass routes and get open (i.e. find a position with no near defender) for passes, although they are occasionally called on to block. Wide receivers generally line up split "wide" near the sidelines at the start of the play. Wide receivers, like running backs, come in different varieties depending on exactly where they line up. A wide receiver who is directly on the line of scrimmage is called a "split end" and is counted among the seven required players on the line of scrimmage. A wide receiver who lines up behind the line (and thus counts as one of the four backs) is called the "flanker". A wide receiver who lines up between the outermost wide receiver and the offensive line is said to be "in the slot" and is called the "slot receiver". A wide receiver who can play running back is called a wide back.
Tight end (TE)
Tight ends play on either side of the offensive line and directly next to the tackles. Tight ends are considered "hybrid players" because they are a cross between a wide receiver and an offensive lineman. Because they play next to the other offensive linemen, they are very frequently called on to block, especially on running plays. However, because they are eligible receivers, they may also catch passes. The position known as the "H-back" is a tight end who lines up behind the line of scrimmage, and is thus counted as one of the four "backs", but their role is otherwise similar to that of other tight ends.
Depending on the style of offense the coaches have designed, the game situation, and the relative skill sets of the players, teams may run formations that contain any number of running backs, wide receivers, and tight ends, so long as the mandated "four backs and seven on the line" rule is followed. For many years, the standard set consisted of the quarterback, two running backs (a tailback/halfback and a fullback), two wide receivers (a flanker and a split end) and a tight end. Modern teams show a wide variety of formations, from a "full house" formation with three running backs, two tight ends, and no wide receivers, to "spread" formations featuring four or five wide receivers and either one or no running backs.
Defense
The defensive team, simply known as the "defense", is the team that begins a play from scrimmage without possession of the ball. The objective of the defensive team is to prevent the other team from scoring and win possession of the ball for their side. The defense accomplishes this by forcing the offense to turn the ball over by either preventing them from achieving a first down and forcing them to punt, forcing and recovering an offensive fumble, intercepting a pass, or, more rarely, forcing a turnover on downs.
Unlike the offensive team, the rules of the sport do not restrict the defensive team into certain positions. A defensive player may line up anywhere on his side of the line of scrimmage and perform any legal action. Over time, however, defensive roles have become defined into three main sets of players that encompass several individual positions.
Defensive line
Like their offensive counterparts, defensive linemen (also called rushers) line up directly on the line of scrimmage. There are two positions usually considered part of the defensive line:
Defensive tackle (DT);
Sometimes called a "defensive guard", defensive tackles play at the center of the defensive line. Their function is to rush the passer and stop running plays directed at the middle of the line of scrimmage. The most interior defensive tackle who sometimes lines up directly across from the ball and is, therefore, almost nose-to-nose with the offense's center is often called a "nose tackle" (alternately "nose guard" or "middle guard"). The nose tackle is most common in the 3–4 defense. Most defensive sets have one or two defensive tackles. If one employs a second defensive tackle, sometimes referred to as an "under tackle", they are usually a bit faster than the nose tackle.
Defensive end (DE)
Defensive ends line up outside of the defensive tackles and are the "ends" of the defensive line. Their function is to attack the passer or stop offensive runs to the outer edges of the line of scrimmage, which is often referred to as "containment". The faster of the two is usually placed on the right side of the defensive line (quarterback's left) because that is a right-handed quarterback's blind side.
Defensive linemen will often take a stance with one or both of their hands on the ground before the ball is snapped. These are known as a "three-point stance" and "four-point stance" respectively, and this helps distinguish a defensive lineman from a linebacker, who begins in a two-point stance (i.e. without a hand touching the ground).
Linebackers
Linebackers play behind the defensive line and perform various duties depending on the situation, including rushing the passer, covering receivers, and defending against the run.
Middle linebacker (MLB)
Sometimes called the "inside linebacker" (especially in a 3–4 defense), and known colloquially as the "Mike" linebacker, the middle linebacker is often known as the "quarterback of the defense", as they are frequently the primary defensive play callers and must react to a wide variety of situations. Middle linebackers must be capable of stopping running backs who make it past the defensive line, covering pass plays over the middle, and rushing the quarterback on blitz plays.
Outside linebacker (OLB)
Outside linebackers are given different names depending on their role and the philosophy of the team. Some teams keep their outside linebackers on the same side of the field at all times while others define them as playing on either the "strongside" (SLB) or the "weakside" (WLB). The strongside, or "Sam", linebacker lines up on the same side as the offensive tight end and often is responsible for covering the tight end or running back on pass plays. The weakside, or "Will", linebacker lines up on the side of the offensive line without a tight end and is often used to rush, or blitz, the quarterback or to cover a running back on pass plays.
Defensive backs
Defensive backs, also known as the "secondary", play either behind the linebackers or outside near the sidelines and are primarily used to defend against pass plays. They also act as the last line of defense on running plays and need to be able to make open field tackles, especially when the ball carrier has gotten past the other defenders. A normal defensive line-up includes two cornerbacks and two safeties, though specialty defensive backs (nickelbacks and dime backs) can be brought in in place of linebackers and defensive linemen when there is a need to cover additional receivers.
Cornerback (CB)
Cornerbacks attempt to prevent successful passes by either swatting the airborne ball away from the receiver or by catching the pass themselves. In rushing situations, their job is to contain the runner, either by directing them back to the middle of the field to be tackled by the middle line backers, or by forcing them out of bounds.
Safety (S)
The safeties are the last line of defense (furthest from the line of scrimmage) and usually help the corners with deep-pass coverage. The strong safety (SS) is usually the larger and stronger of the two, providing extra protection against run plays by standing closer to the line of scrimmage, usually on the strong (tight end) side of the field. The free safety (FS) is usually the smaller and faster of the two, and is usually the deepest player on the defense, providing help on long pass plays.
Nickelback and dimeback
In certain formations, the defense may remove a linebacker or a defensive lineman to bring in extra pass coverage in the form of extra defensive backs. A formation with five defensive backs is often called a "nickel" formation, and the fifth (extra) defensive back is called a "nickelback" after the U.S. nickel coin, a five-cent piece. By extension, a formation with a sixth defensive back (dimeback) is called a "dime package" because it employs a second nickelback and the U.S. 10-cent dime coin is equal to two nickels (nickelbacks). Although it is a rare occurrence, a team may also use seven or eight defensive backs on a play, as well.
Defensive formations are often known by a numerical code indicating the number of players at each position. The two most common formations are the 3–4 defense and the 4–3 defense, where the first number refers to the number of defensive linemen, and the second number refers to the number of linebackers (the number of defensive backs can be inferred, since there must be eleven players on the field). Thus, a 3–4 defense consists of three defensive linemen (usually a nose tackle and two defensive ends), four linebackers, and four defensive backs (two cornerbacks, a strong safety, and a free safety).
Special teams
Special teams are units that are on the field during kicking plays. While many players who appear on offensive or defensive squads also play similar roles on special teams (offensive linemen to block or defensive players to tackle), there are some specialist roles that are unique to the kicking game.
Kicking specialists
Kicking specialists are in charge of kicking the football. Depending on the type of specialist and the play that was called, the responsibilities of these positions vary.
Kicker (K)
Also called a "placekicker", kickers handle kickoffs, extra points, and field goals. All three situations require the kicker to kick the ball off the ground, either from the hands of a holder or off of a tee. Some teams employ two kickers: one kicks extra points and field goals, and the other, known as a "kickoff specialist", handles kickoffs. Most, however, use a single kicker for both jobs, and rarely, the same player may also punt.
Kickoff specialist (KOS)
Kickoff specialists are exclusively used during kickoffs. Teams employ kickoff specialists if they feel neither their kicker nor punter is good enough at kicking off. Due to their specialized nature and the limited number of active roster spots, professional KOSs are rare.
Punter (P)
The punter usually lines up 15 yards behind the line of scrimmage. However, this distance has to be shortened when it would result in being on or behind the end line. After receiving the snap, the punter drops the football and kicks, or "punts," it from the air in order to relinquish possession to the defensive team and to send the ball as far downfield as possible. This is usually done only on fourth down.
Other special teams positions
Holder (H)
The holder is usually positioned 7–8 yards from the line of scrimmage and holds the ball for the placekicker to kick. The player occupying this position is often a backup quarterback or a punter because of their "good hands," feel for the ball, and experience taking snaps from a long snapper or center during plays from scrimmage. A holder is occasionally used on kickoffs if the weather or field conditions repeatedly cause the ball to fall off the tee.
Long snapper (LS)
The long snapper is a specialized center who snaps the ball directly to the holder or punter. They are usually distinct from a regular center, as the ball often has to be snapped much farther back on kicking plays than on standard offensive plays. Long snappers are generally the size of tight ends or linebackers, as they not only have to be big enough to block for the punter or kicker, but also athletic enough to run down the field on coverage to try and tackle the return man.
Kick returner (KR) and punt returner (PR)
Returners are responsible for catching kicked balls (either on kickoffs or punts) and running the ball back. These are usually among the fastest players on a team and typically play either wide receiver or cornerback, as well. However, due to the relatively high likelihood of injury during kick returns, most professional teams will not regularly use their very best WRs or CBs as returners. Teams may also use the same player for both return positions or have a specific returner for punts and another for kickoffs.
Upback
The upback is a blocking back who lines up approximately 1–3 yards behind the line of scrimmage in punting situations. Because the punter plays so far back, the back frequently makes the line calls and lets the long snapper know when the punter is ready to receive the ball. Their primary role is to act as the last line of defense for the punter; however, upbacks occasionally receive the snap instead on fake punts and will either pass or run with the football in those situations.
Gunner
A gunner is a player on kickoffs and punts who specializes in running down the field very quickly in an attempt to tackle the returner. They usually line up near the sidelines where there will be fewer blockers which allows them to get down the field quickly.
Jammer
Jammers try to slow down gunners during punts or kickoffs so the returners have more time to move down the field.
See also
American football strategy
Glossary of American football
Rugby league positions
Rugby union positions
History of American football positions
Notes
References
|
4009283
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed%20concept
|
Closed concept
|
A closed concept is a concept where all the necessary and sufficient conditions required to include something within the concept can be listed. For example, the concept of a triangle is closed because it is a three-sided polygon, and only a three-sided polygon, is a triangle. All the conditions required to call something a triangle can be, and are, are listed.
Its opposite is an "open concept".
See also
Continuum fallacy
References
External links
Open and Closed Concepts and the Continuum Fallacy - More on open and closed concepts
Necessary Conditions and Sufficient Conditions - A guide to the usage and application of necessary and sufficient conditions
Concepts in epistemology
|
4009290
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny%20Truant
|
Johnny Truant
|
Johnny Truant was a British metalcore band, formed in 2000 under the name Severance. The band recorded three demos under this moniker before renaming themselves after one of the main characters of Mark Z. Danielewski's novel House of Leaves. The band recorded their debut release The Repercussions of a Badly Planned Suicide (which featured three remixed songs from their second demo) in 2002 which was released on Undergroove Records. Their second album, In the Library of Horrific Events was produced by Killswitch Engage guitarist, Adam Dutkiewicz. The band have toured the UK, Europe and Canada with the likes of Killswitch Engage, As I Lay Dying, Cancer Bats and Alexisonfire as well as playing Download Festival in 2005, 2006 and 2008. Although the band started out as a four-piece, at the start of 2006, Al Kilcullen was added as a second guitarist. As of June 2006, however, Kilcullen was replaced by Reuben Gotto. The band signed to United By Fate Records in the UK and Distort Entertainment in Canada. Their third album titled No Tears for the Creatures was recorded in Brighton Electric throughout November 2007. It was produced and mixed by Dan Weller and Justin Hill of WellerHill productions and at the time both members of Sikth. It was released on 2 June, however the album leaked onto the internet weeks beforehand.
The band then signed to Ferret Music in the US and released No Tears for the Creatures on 30 September 2008.
They were set to support Bring Me the Horizon in the US with Misery Signals and The Ghost Inside, however on 31 October 2008, the band unexpectedly announced on their Myspace that they were to split following their December UK tour. The band played their final show on 17 December 2008.
Members
Final line-up
Paul Jackson – drums (2000–2008)
Stuart Hunter – guitar, vocals (2000–2008)
Alan "Nailz" Booth – bass guitar (2007–2008)
Reuben Gotto – guitar (2006–2008)
Oliver Mitchell – vocals (2000–2008)
Former
Al Kilcullen – guitar (2006)
James Hunter – bass (2000–2007)
Discography
Insecta Evolution (2001), self-released
The Repercussions of a Badly Planned Suicide (2002) Undergroove Records
In the Library of Horrific Events (2005) Undergroove Records - UK / (2006) Dine Alone Records - Canada
No Tears for the Creatures (2008) United by Fate Records - UK / Distort Entertainment - Canada / Ferret Music - USA
References
English metalcore musical groups
Musical groups established in 2002
Musical groups disestablished in 2008
2002 establishments in the United Kingdom
Ferret Music artists
|
4009292
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3rd%20New%20Hampshire%20Infantry%20Regiment
|
3rd New Hampshire Infantry Regiment
|
3rd New Hampshire Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
It was organized at Camp Berry in Concord and mustered in on August 23, 1861, for three years service, 1,047 officers and men. The regiment served most of its time on the Atlantic coast in the Carolinas. The 3rd New Hampshire finished the war in North Carolina and were mustered out of Federal service on July 20, 1865, arriving back in Concord on the 28th for final discharge and payment. The 3rd had a total of 198 casualties, with another 154 dying in Confederate prisons, disease, or warfare-related accidents.
Military service
After being mustered in, the 3rd New Hampshire left for Long Island, New York, encamping at Camp Winfield Scott at Hempstead Plains. From here, they went to Washington, D.C. and Annapolis, Maryland where the regiment embarked on the steamer Atlantic for the assault on Hilton Head, South Carolina. It was part of the forces used to establish Federal footholds on the South's Atlantic Coast. Except for minor skirmishes with Confederate pickets, they did not see action until June 16, 1862, where it participated in the Battle of Secessionville. The 3rd entered battle with 26 officers and 597 men and suffered 104 casualties—27 of them killed or mortally wounded.
In August 1862, the undersized Company H, consisting of 48 men, was stationed at the northern end of Pinckney Island. A Confederate raid overran this position, resulting in seven deaths and 36 prisoners of war, who were later exchanged.
The 3rd New Hampshire then engaged in amphibious operations for several months and was assigned to one of the brigades to attack Fort Wagner. From July 10–13, 1863, the 3rd attempted the first assault, which failed, losing seven killed and 21 wounded. The regiment lost another eight in a second failed assault which took place July 18, 1863, led by Captain James F. Randlett.
During the spring of 1864, the 3rd New Hampshire was transferred north to Virginia where they joined the 10th Corps, also known as the Army of the James. Soon after, they were heavily engaged at Drewry's Bluff on May 16, 1864, where sixty-six New Hampshire men were killed or wounded. On August 16, 1864, they also fought at Deep Bottom, Virginia, where Lt. Colonel Josiah Plimpton, in command of the regiment, was mortally wounded.
On August 23, 1864, the three-year term of service was up for the original volunteers, and those who did not reenlist were mustered out and sent home. Only 180 men remained of the thousand who had left Concord three years prior
In January 1865, the 3rd New Hampshire also took part in the successful attack on Fort Fisher in North Carolina.
Demographics
Out of the 900 men in the regiment, 450 were farmers, 69 laborers, 44 machinists, 31 carpenters, 30 manufacturers, 27 painters, 15 teamsters, and 16 clerks. The origin of the 3rd New Hampshire is as follows: six hundred twenty-nine (629) from New Hampshire, 118 from Massachusetts, 116 from Ireland, 81 from Vermont, 70 from Maine, and 31 from New York, and the remaining from various other places. Company C, commanded by Capt. Michael Donohoe, was almost entirely Irish.
See also
List of New Hampshire Civil War Units
Further reading
Waite, Otis F. R., New Hampshire in the Great Rebellion. Claremont, NH: Tracy, Chase & company, 1870.
References
[1] State of NH, Report of the Adjutant General, 1866: vol II pg505
[2] State of NH, Report of the Adjutant General, 1866: vol II pg502
External links
3
1861 establishments in New Hampshire
Military units and formations established in 1861
Military units and formations disestablished in 1865
|
4009293
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada%20at%20the%201964%20Winter%20Olympics
|
Canada at the 1964 Winter Olympics
|
Canada competed at the 1964 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck, Austria. Canada has competed at every Winter Olympic Games.
Medalists
Alpine skiing
Men
Men's slalom
Women
Bobsleigh
Cross-country skiing
Men
Men's 4 × 10 km relay
Figure skating
Men
Women
Pairs
Ice hockey
First Round
Winners (in bold) qualified for the Group A to play for 1st-8th places. Teams, which lost their qualification matches, played in Group B for 9th-16th places.
|}
Medal Round
Canada 8-0 Switzerland
Canada 3-1 Sweden
Canada 4-2 Germany (UTG)
Canada 8-6 USA
Canada 6-2 Finland
Czechoslovakia 3-1 Canada
USSR 3-2 Canada
Leading scorer
Luge
Men
Ski jumping
Athletes performed three jumps, the best two were counted and are shown here.
Speed skating
Men
Women
Official Outfitter
HBC was the official outfitter of clothing for members of the Canadian Olympic team.
References
Olympic Winter Games 1964, full results by sports-reference.com
Nations at the 1964 Winter Olympics
1964
Winter Olympics
|
4009295
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holland%20Nimmons%20McTyeire
|
Holland Nimmons McTyeire
|
Holland Nimmons McTyeire (July 28, 1824 – February 15, 1889) was an American bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, elected in 1866. He was a co-founder of Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. He was a supporter of slavery in the United States.
Early life
Holland McTyeire was born on July 28, 1824 in Barnwell County, South Carolina His parents; Capt. John McTyeire (1792–1859) and Elizabeth Nimmons (1803–1861), were both members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. His father was "a cotton planter and a slaveholder."
McTyeire attended the higher schools available at the time: first at Cokesbury, South Carolina, then Collinsworth Institute in Georgia. He graduated from Randolph-Macon College in Virginia (A.B. degree, 1844).
Career
Already licensed to preach, McTyeire was admitted on trial into the Virginia Annual Conference in November 1845. He was appointed to Williamsburg, Virginia. After one year's service, he was transferred to the Alabama Conference, admitted into full connection at the first of 1848. He was a pastor in Alabama (Mobile and Demopolis) and Mississippi (Columbus), before transferring to the Louisiana Conference, where he was ordained elder in 1849. He also was a pastor in New Orleans.
In 1854, McTyeire was elected editor of the New Orleans Christian Advocate, serving in this position until 1858. He was then elected editor of the Nashville Christian Advocate, the central organ of the M.E. Church, South. Interrupted in his editorial career by the American Civil War of 1861-1865, he entered the pastorate again in the Alabama Conference, serving in the city of Montgomery, from which he was elected to the episcopacy in 1866 at the General Conference meeting that year in New Orleans.
McTyeire led a movement within the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, to establish "an institution of learning of the highest order." In 1872, a charter for a "Central University" was issued to the bishop and fellow petitioners, who represented the nine M.E. Church, South Annual Conferences of the mid-south. Their efforts failed, however, for lack of financial resources. Early in 1873, he went to New York City for medical treatment. His wife, Amelia Townsend, was a cousin to Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt's second wife, Frank Armstrong Crawford Vanderbilt (1839–1885). This connection led to Vanderbilt giving McTyeire two $500,000 gifts, which the bishop used to found Vanderbilt University. The Commodore's gift was given with the understanding that McTyeire would serve as chairman of the university's Board of Trust for life. He was appointed President of Vanderbilt University in 1873.
McTyeire appointed Confederate veteran Fountain E. Pitts as the first pastor of the McKendree Church, later known as the West End United Methodist Church, in the early 1870s.
Views on slavery
McTyeire "fully supported slavery as part of human nature." In 1859, he published Duties of Christian Masters, where he opined that slavery was "God’s punishment and that he, as a follower of the faith, was bound to do all in his power to ensure this continued."
Personal life
McTyeire was married to Amelia Townsend of Mobile, Alabama.
Death and legacy
McTyeire died on February 15, 1889 in Nashville, Tennessee. His portrait, done by Jared Bradley Flagg, hung in Main Hall (later known as Kirkland Hall) until it was destroyed by the 1905 fire. Another portrait, done by Ella Sophonisba Hergesheimer in 1907, hangs in Kirkland Hall.
In the 1940s, the first women's dormitory on the Vanderbilt campus was named McTyeire Hall; it was later renamed McTyeire International House. Meanwhile, the McTyeire School for Girls, founded by Young John Allen and Laura Askew Haygood in Shanghai, China, is also named in his honor.
Bibliography
Duties of Masters to Servants: Three Premium Essays (co-authored with C. F. Sturgis and A.T. Holmes; Charleston, South Carolina: Southern Baptist Publication Society, 1851).
A Catechism on Church Government (1869)
A Catechism on Bible History (1869)
Manual of the Discipline (1870)
History of Methodism (1884)
Passing Through the Gates (1889)
Further reading
Fitzgerald, O.P., Holland N. McTyeire. Nashville, 1896.
Bishop McTyeire's "Memorial Sketch" in the Conference Minutes of the M.E. Church, South General Conference of 1890, pp. 76–78.
See also
List of bishops of the United Methodist Church
References
1824 births
1889 deaths
People from Barnwell County, South Carolina
People from Nashville, Tennessee
19th-century American newspaper editors
American religion academics
American theologians
American Methodist Episcopal, South bishops
Bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South
Editors of Christian publications
Randolph–Macon College alumni
Methodist writers
Vanderbilt University people
Auburn High School (Alabama) people
Journalists from Alabama
American male journalists
19th-century male writers
American proslavery activists
19th-century American clergy
|
4009296
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Nicholas
|
Paul Nicholas
|
Paul Nicholas (born Paul Oscar Beuselinck; 3 December 1944) is an English actor and singer. He started out with a pop career, but soon changed to musical theatre, playing the lead role in Jesus Christ Superstar at the West End’s Palace Theatre in 1972. Later, in the 1970s, he returned to the pop charts, and he began an acting career – starring in the 1983 BBC sitcom Just Good Friends, for which he is best known. The show won a BAFTA and Nicholas was also nominated for best comedy performance. After the show ended, he returned to musical theatre and various other entertainment roles, including producing and directing.He is also known for his role in EastEnders as Gavin Sullivan.
Early life
Paul Nicholas was born Paul Oscar Beuselinck on 3 December 1944 in Peterborough. His paternal grandfather, Oscar Beuselinck, was Belgian and had been a chef in the merchant navy during World War II, before becoming head chef on the Union-Castle Line ships between the United Kingdom and South Africa. His maternal grandfather was a London docker.
Nicholas' father, Oscar Beuselinck, a former MI6 agent, became a highly esteemed entertainment and show business solicitor. The family spent holidays at his maternal grandparents' home on the Isle of Sheppey, until Nicholas was 10. After his parents divorced when he was 12, his father's family home was at Letchmore Heath, Hertfordshire, opposite the Bhaktivedanta Manor. His paternal grandparents, Winnie and Oscar, lived in a small cottage on the grounds.
Career
Nicholas began his pop career as early as 1960. Adopting the stage name Paul Dean, he formed Paul Dean & The Dreamers who were booked to support The Savages, the backing band for the British rocker Screaming Lord Sutch.
It was here that Sutch first noticed the young Nicholas, who was soon to become vocalist and pianist with The Savages. Still using the name Paul Dean, he released two solo singles in 1965–66. After taking a new stage name, Oscar, he began a long association with the Australian-born entrepreneur, Robert Stigwood. In 1966, Nicholas signed with Stigwood's Reaction Records label and his first single under his new name, "Club of Lights", scraped into the lower reaches of the Radio London Fab Forty chart.
The second Oscar single was a version of a Pete Townshend song "Join My Gang", which The Who never recorded. His third single, a novelty song called "Over the Wall We Go" (1967) is notable for being written and produced by a young David Bowie (Nicholas at this time was managing the band The Sweet and recommended them to record producer Phil Wainman whom he worked with at Mellin Music Publishing). After settling on the stage name Paul Nicholas, he found success in the UK in musicals, beginning with the leading role of Claude in Hair (which Stigwood produced) before winning the title role in the original London production of Jesus Christ Superstar. The part of Danny to Elaine Paige's Sandy made them the first British couple to play the leads in Grease.
He joined The Young Vic under Frank Dunlop and played Claudio in Much Ado About Nothing and appeared in Crete and Sgt. Pepper by John Antrobus. He appeared as the Bully of the Boulevard in Richard O’Brien’s T-Zee at London's Royal Court Theatre. He performed in Prospect Theatre Company's Carl Davies musical Pilgrim. While touring with O'Brien in Hair in 1970 he first heard songs from the yet to be produced Rocky Horror Show and made the first professional recording with O'Brien singing "That Ain't No Crime".
Nicholas' film career began in 1970 in Cannabis. He followed this with See No Evil (1971) and What Became of Jack and Jill? (1972). He then appeared in Stardust (1974), and Three for All (1975). In 1975, he played "Cousin Kevin", Tommy's vicious cousin, in Tommy, and portrayed Richard Wagner in Lisztomania (1975).
In 1976, he embarked on a short-lived but high-profile pop career, with three Top 20 hits in the UK Singles Chart "Reggae Like It Used To Be", "Dancing with the Captain", and "Grandma's Party", the last two of which reached the Top 10. He released the single "Heaven On The 7th Floor" in 1977. This only just reached the UK Top 40, but reached number No. 1 in New Zealand. In the US, the song peaked at No. 6 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 5 in Cashbox listings, giving Nicholas a gold record. He followed this with "On The Strip" which entered the Billboard Hot 100 No. 67 but failed to enter the UK chart. In the mid-1970s he hosted his own children's television pop show, Paul.
In 1978, he appeared in Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band as Dougie Shears. Further films followed including The World Is Full of Married Men (1979), Yesterday's Hero (1979), the loutish punk singer in The Jazz Singer (1980), the romantic lead in Invitation to the Wedding (1983), and Nutcracker (1983).
Having done a workshop with Andrew Lloyd Webber, he returned to West End theatre in 1981 to create the role of Rum Tum Tugger in Lloyd Webber's musical Cats. He then originated the title role in Blondel by Sir Tim Rice and Stephen Oliver. That same year, he starred in Two Up, Two Down, a short-lived sitcom co-starring Su Pollard. In 1983, he got his first high-profile television role as Vince Pinner in Just Good Friends. The show, for which Nicholas also sang the theme tune, was a success. He was also nominated for a BAFTA.
Nicholas later returned to the stage, playing numerous roles on screen in both movie and television projects. In 1986 Nicholas continued to star in musicals including ‘Jekyll and Hyde’’, Fiddler On The Roof’' and 42nd Street’' which was directed by the shows author Mark Bramble. He starred as The Pirate King in Joseph Papp's version of The Pirates of Penzance at the London Palladium and the Manchester Opera House, touring again in the same role in the late 1990s. He starred in Barnum in the first national tour and followed this with a highly successful season at The Dominion Theatre in the West End. At the end of 1991, while touring with Barnum, Nicholas was the subject of This Is Your Life. For his services to show business and charity, Nicholas was awarded a Silver Heart from the Variety Club of Great Britain and a Gold Badge Award from BASCA. Nicholas then starred in the national tour of Singin' in the Rain, which was directed by Tommy Steele.
In June 1996, Nicholas played the role of King Arthur in the Covent Garden Festival's production of Camelot. He repeated his role of King Arthur in a BBC Radio 2 production of Camelot. Other radio work included Bert in BBC Radio 4's Gracie. He hosted two series of BBC Radio 2's Mad About Musical''', as well as his own hour-long TV special, Paul and Friends, for Thames Television. Nicholas fronted the Radio 4 children's series Cat's Whiskers during the 1980s.
In 1997, he starred as the anti-hero of Karoline Leach's The Mysterious Mr. Love at the Comedy Theatre in London's West End. He continued to appear as the lead in numerous straight roles thereafter: Simon Gray's Stagestruck, a national tour of Michael Cooney's The Dark Side, Catch Me if You Can, and two plays by Eric Chappell: Mixed Feelings, in which he played a transsexual, and Snakes and Ladders. He starred as John Smith in the original production of Caught in the Net. He co-produced, with Bill Kenwright, a new musical based on Charles Dickens' novel A Tale of Two Cities, starring as Sidney Carton. The musical played Windsor with a Christmas season in Birmingham.
In 2000, Nicholas appeared in the BBC television comedy drama Sunburn, playing David Janus, owner of the self-titled holiday company around which the series was centered. He Ronnie Buchan in the new police drama series Burnside. Further television work included parts in The Bill and Holby City.
He then played the title role in the national tour of Doctor Dolittle and followed this with the role of Tevye in UK Productions' national tour of Fiddler on the Roof. In the summer of 2006, he was a celebrity showjumper in the BBC's Sport Relief event Only Fools on Horses, as well as appearing in Doctors, Heartbeat and Holby City. That autumn, Nicholas was attached to star in the British film Cash and Curry, and that year he co-produced and starred in Jekyll & Hyde in a UK national tour.
In 2008, Nicholas played Alan Boon in BBC Four's Consuming Passions – a hundred years of Mills and Boon. He also directed and produced A Tale of Two Cities at Upstairs at the Gatehouse. In 2009, Nicholas played Jack Point in The Yeomen of the Guard for the Carl Rosa Opera Company at the Tower of London Festival. In November 2010, Nicholas opened in The Haunting. He also directed the musical version of Tale of Two Cities at Charing Cross Theatre in April–May 2012.
In 2014, Nicholas produced and starred in Blockbuster, a musical. In 2015, he appeared as Judge Wargrave in And Then There Were None. In the summer of 2015 he directed a new production of Tommy at Blackpool's Opera House. In June 2015 while touring in And Then There Were None, Nicholas was cast as Gavin Sullivan on EastEnders. He then starred as Scrooge in the Alan Menken musical, A Christmas Carol. In 2016, he was cast as Neville Chamberlain in the film Masaryk. He appeared as himself in The Real Marigold Hotel shown on BBC One in March 2017.In 2018 Nicholas toured the UK. In 2018 toured Ronald Harwood’s’’Quartet’In 2019 Nicholas played Father Merrin in the ‘Exorcist’.In 2021 Nicholas published ‘Musicals Marigolds & Me’and his 3 CD Boxset ‘Paul Nicholas Gold’.In 2022 he played Pickering in ‘Pygmalion’ at the Theatre Royal Windsor.
Business
In 1990, while starring with David Ian in The Pirates of Penzance at the London Palladium, Nicholas offered Ian a partnership in co-producing and starring in a touring production of the New York Shakespeare Festival version of the popular Gilbert and Sullivan opera. Paul Nicholas & David Ian Associates Ltd was formed to produce the 20th anniversary production of Jesus Christ Superstar on a UK-wide tour, which sold out. They then produced a nightly fully staged version of The Pirates of Penzance in which Nicholas starred and again they sold out.
The company has since produced numerous shows, including:Jesus Christ Superstar – concert version Pirates of Penzance – UK tourGrease – West End and Broadway – Tony Award nomination for Best Revival 2008The Rocky Horror Show – directorAin't Misbehavin' – West EndSingin' in the Rain – UK tourEvita – UK tourChess – UK tourHappy Days – UK tourSaturday Night Fever – London Palladium and NYC Minskoff Theatre, co-adapter and producerA Tale of Two Cities – UK tour; co-produced with Bill Kenwright Jekyll & Hyde – UK tour, co-produced with UK ProductionsKeeler – 2007, producer and directorA Tale of Two Cities – Upstairs at The Gatehouse 2008, producer and directorGrease – West End 2007 and US tour 2008–09, co-producerJest End (musical parody) – London Players and Jermyn Theatres 2009, producerGrease – South Africa and Far East tour 2010, US and UK tours 2010/11, co-producer
Keeler – UK tour September–November 2011, producer and director
A Tale of Two Cities: The Musical – Charing Cross Theatre April–May 2012, director Seven Brides for Seven Brothers – UK tour September 2013, producer Wag – Charing Cross Theatre July 2013, co-producerKeeler – October 2013 producer and director Blockbuster – UK tour September 2014 producer and director A Christmas Carol – 2015 associate producerGrease – UK tour 2017, co-producer
‘’Tommy’’ - Blackpool Opera House,2018 Director
Paul Nicholas School of Acting & Performing Arts
In 2006 Nicholas set up a franchise operation, the Paul Nicholas School of Acting & Performing Arts, aimed at teaching acting to school-age children. The company went into liquidation in 2012. In January 2008 Nicholas launched Paul Nicholas Community Arts, a project designed to engage disenfranchised children in the arts. The pilot scheme was funded for fourteen weeks by Wyre Borough Council. A twelve-week scheme began on 28 May 2008 in Blackpool.
Personal life
Nicholas was 18 when he had a child, Carl (b. 1965), with girlfriend Patricia Brecknell. His then-former girlfriend, Lyn Last, gave birth to his second child, Jason (b. 1967), only a few months after his 1966 marriage to Susan Gee. Nicholas and Gee had two children together, Natasha (b. 1969) and Oscar (b. 1971). After their divorce, Susan Gee died in 1977, at the age of 28 in a car accident, survived by their two young children.
Nicholas first met Linzi Jennings in 1970; they later dated and were in a relationship until 1977.
Nicholas became despondent in 1979; the mother of his two children, Susan Gee had died and he was a single parent. Through his grief he was reunited with Linzi a few months later, she was supportive of him and his two children, gelling as a family unit, they went on to have two children together, Alex (b. 1981) and Carmen (b. 1987). Nicholas and Linzi married in 1984.
Discography
Albums
Appearances:
Hair (Original London Cast Recording) (1968, Polydor Records)Fresh Hair (Original London Cast Recording) (1970, Polydor)
Cats (Original London Cast Recording) (1981, Polydor)
Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (soundtrack) (1978, RSO Records)
Solo:Paul Nicholas (1977, RSO LP) 12 songs; 10 in the US and Canada. In the Netherlands, it was retitled On the Strip (1978, RSO LP) and added two single A-sides while dropping two others.Just Good Friends (1986, K-Tel LP and CD) 13 songs, 12 of which are cover versionsThat's Entertainment (1993, Karussell CD) 14-song compilation; RSO/Polydor material from 1976 to 1980Colours of My Life (1994, First Night Records CD) 16-song compilation; 12 from West End theatre cast albums and 4 new recordings
Singles
Literature
Paul Nicholas (with Douglas Thompson) "Musicals, Marigolds & Me" autobiography, 235 pages. Published in October 2021 by Fantom Publishing.
Paul Nicholas (with Douglas Thompson): Behind the Smile'' autobiography, hardcover, 218 pages published in October 1999 by André Deutsch Ltd;
See also
List of one-hit wonders in the United States
Paul Nicholas Gold Album
Demon Records October 2021
Paul Nicholas Album’On The Strip’2022
Paul Nicholas Album ‘Rarities’2022
References
External links
Paul Nicholas at the British Film Institute
1944 births
English male singers
English male soap opera actors
English male stage actors
English people of Belgian descent
Living people
Male actors from Cambridgeshire
Musicians from Cambridgeshire
People from Peterborough
RSO Records artists
British male comedy actors
Screaming Lord Sutch and the Savages members
|
4009298
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Nicks
|
John Nicks
|
John Allen Wisden Nicks (born 22 April 1929) is a British figure skating coach and former pair skater. With his sister, Jennifer Nicks, he is the 1953 World champion. As a coach, his skating pupils have included Peggy Fleming, pairs team Tai Babilonia and Randy Gardner, Kristi Yamaguchi, Sasha Cohen, Rory Flack and Ashley Wagner.
Personal life
Nicks, the son of a sporting goods store owner, grew up in Brighton, England. He is the brother of Jennifer Nicks. Nicks moved to the United States in the 1960s with his wife Denise, son Christopher and daughter Carolyn and was briefly an undocumented immigrant but received his green card a few weeks later. He married American former ice dancer Yvonne Littlefield. He became a U.S. citizen around 2008.
Career
Nicks began skating at age 10 or 11 after his father – who knew nothing about skating but wanted to sell skating equipment – put him in skates in order to learn more about them. John and Jennifer competed initially as singles skaters but agreed to train together in pair skating upon the request of the British association, which promised to support them. They made their first Olympic appearance at the 1948 Winter Olympics, where they finished 8th. Recalling the competition in a January 2013 interview, John said, "it was snowing so much they had to stop the skating after every three skaters to clear the snow." He was impressed by the American skaters at the event, in particular Dick Button – this would later influence his decision to come to the United States.
The Nicks siblings won the first of their four World medals, silver, at the 1950 World Championships. They won World bronze the next two seasons and competed at their second Olympics in 1952, where they finished 4th. The pair won gold at the 1953 World Championships in Davos, Switzerland. John said, "We were skating outdoors back then, and the temperature was, like, 28 degrees during a practice. It was so cold that I remember when I was taking off my boots that my laces were frozen." The siblings retired from competition after the event.
John moved to South Africa, where he skated in shows and began coaching, but moved back to England in 1960 and eventually on to Canada, coaching in Trail, British Columbia. Following the February 1961 crash of Sabena Flight 548, which killed the entire US figure skating team, he received four offers of a coaching job in the United States and agreed to coach at a rink in Paramount, California owned by Frank Zamboni. He first appeared at the U.S. Championships as a coach in 1965.
As of 2012, Nicks coaches in Aliso Viejo, California. He has coached over 1,200 skaters during his career. In April 2013, he said he would no longer travel but would still coach Ashley Wagner at the Aliso Viejo Ice Palace. Nicks was inducted into the World Figure Skating Hall of Fame in 2000. He appeared as a judge on the 2006 FOX television program Skating with Celebrities.
His students have included:
Peggy Fleming
Angela Nikodinov
Jo Jo Starbuck / Kenneth Shelley
Tai Babilonia / Randy Gardner
Tiffany Chin
Christopher Bowman
Natasha Kuchiki
Jenni Meno / Todd Sand
Kristi Yamaguchi / Rudy Galindo
Naomi Nari Nam
Sasha Cohen
Ashley Wagner (since June 2011)
Michael Christian Martinez
Michael Novales
Rory Flack
Competitive highlights with Nicks
References
External links
Brighton and Hove - John and Jennifer Nicks
1929 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Brighton
American figure skating coaches
British male pair skaters
British emigrants to the United States
Olympic figure skaters of Great Britain
Figure skaters at the 1948 Winter Olympics
Place of birth missing (living people)
Figure skaters at the 1952 Winter Olympics
World Figure Skating Championships medalists
European Figure Skating Championships medalists
|
4009303
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leura%20Collins
|
Leura Collins
|
Leura Collins was a member of Retail Clerks Union Local 455 and subject of a workplace theft investigation that resulted in the 1975 Supreme Court of the United States case NLRB v. J. Weingarten, Inc., .
History
Weingarten Inc. was founded in 1948 as a retailer. By 1972, Weingarten Inc. operated 100 stores, some of which included "lunch counters", and others which included "lobby food operations." These counters/lobbies provided eat-in or carry-out dining options for customers. Collins was employed from 1961-1970 at store #2 as a "lunch counter" sales person. She transferred to store #98 where she was a sales person at the "lobby food operation."
Loss Prevention Specialists were employed by Weingarten Inc and operated at the companies stores undercover, sometimes unbeknownst to management to observe/apprehend people suspected of theft, including employees. In June 1972, Loss Prevention Specialist "Hardy" observed the lobby operation at store #98 for 2 days (without the knowledge of management) to investigate a report that Collins was stealing money from the cash register. Hardy disclosed his presence to the store manager only after his 2-day investigation turned up no evidence. The store manager then told Hardy that he was just informed by a coworker that Collins had taken a $2.98 box of chicken and put only $1 into the cash register. Collins was then interviewed by both Hardy and the store manager.
Interview #1
Collins repeatedly requested union representation at the meeting, but her requests were denied. The interview continued and Collins explained that the "lobby" had run out of small boxes, so she had to use the large size ($2.98) box to hold her small ($1) order of chicken. Hardy left the interview and was able to verify with another employee that they had indeed run out of small boxes, and the employee who reported her was unaware of how many pieces of chicken were in the box. Hardy returned to the interview and apologized for the confusion and informed Collins that his investigation was over.
Interview #2
Collins then burst into tears and proclaimed the only thing she ever took was her free lunch. Hardy and the manager were surprised to hear this because their understanding was that free lunches were provided in stores with "lunch counters" (e.g. #2), but not in those with "lobby food operations" (e.g. #98). A new interrogation proceeded and Collins' renewed request for union representation was again denied. Hardy computed a total of $160 owed the company by Collins for these free lunches. However, a call to company headquarters revealed much confusion regarding the companies 2 different free lunch policies. In fact, most other employees at the "lobby food operation" at store #98, including the manager, had taken free lunches. The store manager asked Collins to keep the interview confidential, but she informed her union shop steward.
See also
Weingarten Rights
External links
The Weingarten Decision and the Right to Representation on the Job
Collins, Leura
Retail clerks
|
4009304
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Locke%20Brockman
|
William Locke Brockman
|
William Locke Brockman (1802 – 28 November 1872) was an early settler in Western Australia, who became a leading pastoralist and stock breeder, and a Member of the Western Australian Legislative Council.
Biography
Born in Kent, England in 1802, William Locke Brockman was a member of the Brockman family, a prominent Kent family with a history dating back to the 14th century. Little is known of his early life, except that he was a farmer with land in the Romney Marsh area. In 1827, Brockman married Ann Francis Elizabeth Hamersley (1809–1876). They had six sons and three daughters.
In 1829, Brockman, with his wife and eldest son Edmund, emigrated to the Swan River Colony in Western Australia. They arrived on in January 1830. Brockman brought with him a prefabricated house, seven servants, and a number of sheep. Under the colony's system of land grants, this entitled him to a grant of over . He was the ninth person to be granted land in the colony.
He established himself as a pastoralist and wheat grower in the Upper Swan district. He named his grant Herne Hill, and this name survives today as the name of the Perth suburb of Herne Hill. He was a foundation member of the Swan Agricultural Society in 1831, and in 1833 became a justice of the peace. In 1837, he constructed a mill on his property. His success as a farmer prompted his wife's brother Edward Hamersley to immigrate. Hamersley arrived with his wife and son Edward in February 1837. He ultimately became a successful and wealthy pastoralist, and a member of the Western Australian Legislative Council, and the Hamersley family became one of the most prominent families in the colony.
In 1839, he was nominated to the Western Australian Legislative Council, but he resigned the following year. From around 1845, he began exporting horses to India. He later acquired land near Northam, and was the first person to take up land in what is now the Shire of Bindoon. For this reason, the Brockman River, which flows through the Bindoon Shire, was named after him. Local Aboriginal people showed him the land around Gingin and because it had permanent water, he took up land there in 1841. He called the property Cheriton, after the parish of his father, the Reverend Julius Drake-Brockman. A water-powered mill was built over the Gingin Brook by Alfred Carson, and wheat was milled into flour, helping relieve the colony's dependence on imported flour. Due to favourable soils, the property became the principal source of citrus fruit for Perth, and was especially known for what came to be called Cheriton oranges. It is thought that he had sourced the seeds in the Canary Islands.
In the 1860s, he became involved in the public push for representative government. Eventually, the Governor of Western Australia agreed to hold informal Legislative Council elections, on the understanding that he would nominate those elected. In the informal election of May 1867, he was elected for Guildford, and was accordingly nominated to the council. He held the nominative seat until July 1870, when the council became formally elective. He contested the seat of Swan in the subsequent election, but was defeated by Thomas Courthope Gull. Two years later he contested the seat again, this time defeating Gull. He held the seat until his death at Herne Hill on 28 November 1872.
Two of his sons, Henry and Edmund Ralph, became prominent farmers in the colony and Members of the Legislative Council.
References
Further reading
1802 births
1872 deaths
Members of the Western Australian Legislative Council
People from Kent
Settlers of Western Australia
19th-century Australian politicians
|
4009311
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coraz%C3%B3n%20salvaje%20%281966%20TV%20series%29
|
Corazón salvaje (1966 TV series)
|
Corazón salvaje () is a Mexican telenovela produced and broadcast by Telesistema Mexicano (now Televisa) in 1966. It is the second of five screen adaptations of the novel of the same name by Caridad Bravo Adams. This telenovela starred singer Julissa while the 1977 production starred singer Angélica María who had previously had the role of Mónica in the 1968 film version. Actor Ernesto Alonso produced both telenovela versions. The role of Juan del Diablo went to Enrique Lizalde who, with Julissa, had previously starred in another Bravo Adams’ story, La mentira.
This was the first starring role of Enrique Álvarez Félix, son of actress María Félix, in the role of the antagonist Renato Duchamp, the legitimate half-brother of Juan del Diablo. It was also the second time Jacqueline Andere (in the role of Aimée, Monica's sister) co-starred with Enrique Lizalde, both being stage actors.
Cast
Julissa as Mónica Molinar
Enrique Lizalde as Juan "del Diablo""
Jacqueline Andere as Aimée Molinar
Enrique Álvarez Félix as Renato Duchamp
Miguel Manzano as Noel
Graciela Nájera
Beatriz Baz
Fanny Schiller
Socorro Avelar as Ana
Humberto Jiménez Pons
Fedora Capdevilla as Kuma
See also
Corazón salvaje
Juan del Diablo – the Puerto Rican version
Notes
External links
Corazón salvaje at the telenovela database
1966 telenovelas
1960s Mexican television series
1966 Mexican television series debuts
1966 Mexican television series endings
Mexican telenovelas
Spanish-language telenovelas
Televisa telenovelas
|
4009312
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedorthist
|
Pedorthist
|
A pedorthist is a professional who has specialized training to modify footwear and employ supportive devices to address conditions which affect the feet and lower limbs. They are trained in the assessment of lower limb anatomy and biomechanics, and the appropriate use of corrective footwear – including shoes, shoe modifications and other pedorthic devices.
Certified Pedorthist
“Certified Pedorthist” is a title used by the American Board for Certification in Orthotics, Prosthetics and Pedorthics (ABC) International Certification, Board of Certification/Accreditation, The College of Pedorthics of Canada as well as the Pedorthic Association Australia, where the only English speaking university degree of Pedorthics is taught at Southern Cross University. The professional designation of Certified Pedorthist is assigned to individuals who have completed the required training through education and clinic experience, and have passed the Pedorthic Certification exam.
An individual who has met the above requirements must comply with mandatory continuing education program in order to maintain this certification. Individuals with a Certified Pedorthist designation are qualified to practice in United States, Canada and internationally.
A certified pedorthist is obligated to support and conform to professional responsibilities that promote and assure the overall welfare of the patient and the integrity of the profession. Pedorthists consult with patients based on a referral from a prescribing healthcare professional such as a family physician, and are integrated members of health care teams. Certified Pedorthists work within a specific capacity detailed in their respective scope of practice documents. American Board for Certification in Orthotics, Prosthetics and Pedorthics (ABC) - Scope of Practice, Board of Certification/Accreditation (BOC)- Scope of Practice, and the College of Pedorthics (CPC)- Scope of Practice.
The American Board for Certification, the Board of Certification/Accreditation and the College of Pedorthics of Canada enforce their professional code of ethics for all members regardless of the country they choose to practice in. The Pedorthic Footcare Association or PFA (United States, International and Canadian Chapter) is a self-regulatory body which verifies, upholds, monitors and supports the competent and ethical practice of its Certified Pedorthist members.
Alleviating painful or debilitating conditions of the lower limb;
Accommodation of foot deformities;
Re-alignment of anatomical structures;
Redistribution of external and internal forces;
Improvement of balance;
Control of biomechanical function;
Accommodation of circulatory special requirements; and,
Enhancement of the actions or limbs compromised as a result of accident, congenital deformity, neural condition, or disease.
A Certified Pedorthist – C.Ped., BOCPD or C.Ped (C) is a health professional who is trained to assess patients, formulate and implement a treatment plan and follow-up with patients.
The services provided include, but are not limited to:
Assessment
The evaluation and documentation of: Biomechanics;
In-shoe pressure mapping
Gait analysis including temporal and spatial assessment;
Range of motion;
Footwear analysis;
Review of potentially complicated health factors;
Circulation;
Skin integrity;
Pedorthic requirements;
Poprioception and environmental barriers including social, home and work integration.
Formulation of a treatment
Verification of prescription/documentation;
Evaluation of the prescription rationale;
A needs assessment based on patient and/or caregiver input;
Development of functional goals;
Analysis of structural and design requirements;
Consultation with and/or referral to other health care professionals as required.
Implementation of the treatment plan
Acquisition of / modification and/or rectification of anthropometric data;
Casting and measuring for custom footwear;
Material selection and fabrication;
Fitting and modifying standard and orthopaedic footwear;
Accommodating/incorporating complementary assistive devices;
Fabrication of pedorthic devices;
Device structural evaluation;
Patient education and instruction.
Follow-up treatment plan
Documentation of functional changes;
Formulation of modifications to ensure successful outcomes;
Reassessment of patient expectations;
Reassessment of treatment objectives;
Development of long term treatment plan;
Confirmation of patient education and instruction.
See also
Orthotist
Health care providers
Podiatrist
Prosthetist
Foot health practitioner in the United Kingdom
References
Medical equipment
Orthopedic surgical procedures
Prosthetics
|
4009325
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20in%20New%20Zealand
|
2006 in New Zealand
|
The following lists events that happened during 2006 in New Zealand.
Population
Estimated population as of 31 December: 4,209,100
Increase since 31 December 2005: 48,200 (1.16%)
Males per 100 Females: 95.8
Incumbents
Regal and viceregal
Head of State – Elizabeth II
Governor-General – Dame Silvia Cartwright, succeeded by Anand Satyanand
Government
The 48th New Zealand Parliament continued. Government was a coalition between
Labour and the Progressives, with
United Future and New Zealand First supporting supply votes. The leaders of the two support parties are ministers outside Cabinet.
Speaker of the House – Margaret Wilson (Labour)
Prime Minister – Helen Clark (Labour)
Deputy Prime Minister – Michael Cullen (Labour)
Minister of Finance – Michael Cullen (Labour)
Non-Labour ministers
Jim Anderton (Progressives) (within Cabinet)
Winston Peters (New Zealand First) – Minister of Foreign Affairs, Racing and Associate Minister of Senior Citizens (outside Cabinet)
Peter Dunne (United Future), Minister of Revenue and Associate Minister of Health (outside Cabinet)
Parliamentary leaders
National (opposition) – Don Brash to 27 November, John Key (Leader of the Opposition)
Greens (opposition) – Jeanette Fitzsimons (to 2 June 2006) and Russel Norman
Act (opposition) – Rodney Hide
New Zealand First – Winston Peters
United Future – Peter Dunne
Māori Party (opposition) – Tariana Turia and Pita Sharples
Judiciary
Chief Justice — Sian Elias
Main centre leaders
Mayor of Auckland – Dick Hubbard
Mayor of Tauranga – Stuart Crosby
Mayor of Hamilton – Michael Redman
Mayor of Wellington – Kerry Prendergast
Mayor of Christchurch – Garry Moore
Mayor of Dunedin – Peter Chin
Events
January
1 January: Changes to New Zealand citizenship laws mean not all babies born in New Zealand have a right to be citizens. Babies must have a parent who is a citizen or permanent resident of New Zealand or its dependencies.
2 January: New Zealand's warm sunny New Year weather has come to a sudden end as gale-force winds and rain assault southern New Zealand. (Wikinews)
7 January:The New Zealand Māori Queen, Te Arikinui Dame Te Atairangikaahu, is undergoing dialysis treatment, the Tainui Tribe confirmed today. The Queen's condition is not believed to be critical. (Wikinews)
9 January: Electricity generator and retailer TrustPower announces that it is considering a wind farm development at Lake Mahinerangi, south of Dunedin. (Wikinews)
13 January: Winston Peters says there is no travel warning for New Zealanders visiting Fiji, although Australia has issued one, after the Fijian military commander threatened to remove the Government.
14 January:The Government announces a review of liquor advertising amidst concern over teenage binge drinking. The review will consider regulating sponsorship of sport by alcohol companies. Lion Nathan says there is no need for change.
15 January: Review of David Lange's documents show that the United States threatened to spy on New Zealand if it did not back down from its 1980s anti-nuclear legislation.
21 January:A Wellington sperm bank refuses to accept a donation from a gay man, apparently to minimise the risk of HIV transmission.
February
1 February: Don Brash, the leader of the New Zealand National Party gave his third state of the nation speech to the Orewa Rotary Club where he focused on the economy. Wikinews
4 February:Two Fairfax-owned newspapers, The Dominion Post and The Christchurch Press, controversially published all 12 cartoons in the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy, which have triggered international outrage.
5 February: Hundreds of NZ Muslims march in downtown Auckland in protest to the publication of the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy. Wikinews
5 February: NZ film director Lee Tamahori is arrested and formally charged with soliciting and unlawfully loitering on Hollywood's Santa Monica Boulevard, while dressed in drag.
6 February: The 166th anniversary of the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi, New Zealand's founding document, in 1840. This year the celebrations were peaceful, in contrast to other years where the day was the focus of protest by Māori activists. Wikinews
11 February: Tokelau began voting in a referendum to determine whether it remains a New Zealand territory, or becomes a state in free association with New Zealand.
12 February: The Royal New Zealand Navy's new 9000-tonne Multi-Role Vessel was launched in Rotterdam. The MRV is the largest of seven new ships ordered as part of "Project Protector".
14 February: Fisheries Minister Jim Anderton announced that a draft agreement had been reached with fishing companies to ban bottom trawling in 30 percent of New Zealand's exclusive economic zone. Anderton promised to support a global ban on bottom trawling if that appeared a practical option.
16 February: New Zealand all-rounder Chris Cairns, ONZM played his final international cricket match against the West Indies in a Twenty20 at Auckland's Eden Park.
16 February: Tokelau decides to remain a New Zealand territory after a referendum on independence. A 60 percent majority voted in favor of independence, but a two-thirds majority was required for the referendum to succeed.
20 February: Air New Zealand is set to lay off another 507 workers as it outsources its wide-body aircraft maintenance. A union proposal to save some of the jobs failed to win a worker vote.
22 February: C4 aired the controversial South Park episode "Bloody Mary", which portrays a statue of the Virgin Mary menstruating, despite protests from religious groups.
23 February: Air New Zealand workers accepted a new employment package in a new vote. About 300 wide-body aircraft maintenance jobs will be saved in Auckland, although 200 will still be made redundant.
24 February:Air New Zealand announced that 470 corporate jobs, mostly in Auckland are to be axed over the next year.
March
6 March: Child Youth and Family is to merge with the Ministry of Social Development.
6 March: Fairfax purchases the New Zealand online auction site Trade Me for NZ$625 million.
7 March: The 2006 New Zealand census is held. For the first time, respondents had the option of completing their census form via the internet rather than by a printed form.
15 March: The 2006 Commonwealth Games opens in Melbourne. New Zealand is represented by 255 athletes, its largest team ever to a Commonwealth Games.
17 March: DoC starts an emergency evacuation of Raoul Island after one of the island's volcanoes erupts. One person is missing.
17 March: A report on Auckland traffic congestion suggests charges of $3–$6 for a vehicle to enter the Auckland isthmus, or a $10 surcharge on all parking in the CBD.
20 March: David Parker resigns as Attorney-General after publicity about an incorrect declaration he filed with the Companies Office. The following day he resigned from Cabinet.
25 March: Restaurant Brands, the franchise holder for KFC, Pizza Hut and Starbucks, have agreed to phase out youth rates. BP agreed to scrap youth rates earlier.
26 March: In the 2006 Commonwealth Games, New Zealand wins 31 medals, which puts it in 9th place. This is New Zealand's worst performance at a Commonwealth Games since 1982.
28 March: Farmers are unhappy with the new law that all dogs first registered after 1 July 2006 must be microchipped. They want farm dogs to be exempt, and have drawn a parallel to the Dog Tax War of 1898.
29 March: New Zealand's first reported case of ATM Card Skimming was found at BNZ New Lynn.
31 March: Assistant police commissioner Clinton Rickards and two former police officers are found not guilty of the alleged rape and sexual abuse of Louise Nicholas in Rotorua in the 1980s.
April
2 April: The Auckland City Council wins a Pigasus Award for granting $2500 to the Foundation For Spiritualist Mediums "to teach people to communicate with the dead".
3 April: It was announced that Judge Anand Satyanand has been appointed to succeed Dame Silvia Cartwright as The Queen's Governor-General of New Zealand. He will take up office on 4 August 2006.
6 April: The New Zealand Parliament passes an act making New Zealand Sign Language the third official language of New Zealand, alongside English and Māori.
6 April: Helen Clark and Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao meet in Wellington and agree to aim for a Free Trade Agreement between New Zealand and China within two years.
7 April: Following acquittal of three men in the Louise Nicholas rape trial, pamphlets and emails about two of the defendants are widely circulated in defiance of previous court suppression orders.
10 April: Auckland rises to 5th place behind Zurich and Geneva in a survey of the world's top 55 cities for quality of life. Wellington places 12th.
19 April: The New Zealand Government is to send reinforcements to the Solomon Islands to support RAMSI following an outbreak of violence after the election of Snyder Rini as the new Prime Minister yesterday.
26 April: David Parker is cleared of any misconduct by the Companies Office. He was granted an exemption in 1999 from the rules he had fallen foul of. He is likely to be reinstated to the Cabinet next week.
27 April:The Electricity Commission has rejected Transpower's plan to build a line of power pylons from Auckland to Whakamaru. The plan had drawn protests from landowners along the route.
30 April: Following acquittal of three men in the Louise Nicholas rape trial, several hundred people marched up Queen Street, in support of Louise Nicholas.
May
1 May: Troubles continue at TVNZ, with leaked emails from Craig Boyce to Ian Fraser, referring to the Parliamentary select committee as "the bastards are our enemy".
3 May: The New Zealand Government announces that it will require Telecom to unbundle the local loop to provide "access to fast, competitively priced broadband internet".
13 May: The trawler Kotuku sinks in Foveaux Strait on the way back from muttonbirding. Of the nine people on board, including three generations of one family, only three survive. It is New Zealand's worst maritime disaster since the sinking of .
15 May: After 40 days of climbing, New Zealander Mark Inglis became the first double amputee to reach the summit of Mount Everest, the tallest mountain in the world.
16 May: Michael Ryan, a messenger for the Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet is named as the government employee who leaked the information to Telecom that the government is planning to "unbundle the local loop".
17 May: An attempt by the Green Party to repeal part of a controversial dog microchipping law was voted down 61–60.
18 May: Finance Minister Michael Cullen delivers the 2006 Budget.
24 May: The week-long festivities celebrating the 40th anniversary of the Māori Queen's coronation have ended.
25 May: The three men acquitted of rape in the Louise Nicholas trial now face a new trial for alleged sexual offences against another woman in the mid-1980s.
June
3 June: The Green Party elects Russel Norman as its co-leader to replace Rod Donald.
6 June: The trial of Tim Selwyn for sedition begins in Auckland. Selwyn is the first New Zealander in over 80 years to be charged with sedition.
7 June: The Privy Council agrees to hear David Bain's appeal against his conviction for the murder of his family.
8 June: Tim Selwyn is found guilty of sedition.
8 June: New Zealand has won hosting rights for the 2010 World Rowing Championships, which will be held at Lake Karapiro.
10 June: The family of Richard Seddon remember his death 100 years ago.
10 June: A Yemeni man, linked to the 11 September 2001 attacks in the United States, has been deported from New Zealand. It is only the second time that section 72 of the Immigration Act has been used to deport someone. Its use requires the consent of the Governor-General, and there is no right of appeal.
12 June: A blackout hits Auckland, lasting for several hours and affecting an estimated 700,000 people. The cause was found to be an earth wire which snapped off in high winds and fell across high-voltage transmission lines at a substation.
A severe storm lashed the country, bringing heavy snow to Otago and Canterbury Some isolated communities lose power for up to three weeks after the storm. Up to three feet of snow was recorded in inland Canterbury.
15 June: A free-to-air digital television service called Freeview will be launched in 2007. All viewers will require a set-top box, and some will need a satellite dish.
15 June: Junior doctors begin a five-day strike over working hours and conditions. Hospitals defer non-urgent surgery and outpatient treatments.
16 June: The Varroa bee mite has been found near Stoke. The mite arrived in New Zealand in 2000 and has been confined to the North Island until now.
18 June: The deaths of three-month-old twins Chris and Cru Kahui as a result of abuse injuries shocks the nation and dominates headlines for months.
21 June: Working dogs have been exempted from the dog microchipping legislation currently before Parliament.
27 June: Telecom announces it will voluntarily separate its business into two operating entities – Wholesale and Retail.
29 June: Development of the Kupe gas and oil field off the Taranaki coast will go ahead, with production beginning in 2009.
30 June: Tame Iti is sentenced to pay $300 and court costs for shooting the New Zealand Flag.
July
2 July: The Intellectual Property Office has turned down an application by Ngāti Toa to trademark Ka Mate, the haka used by the All Blacks.
3 July: Police Minister Annette King and Police Commissioner Howard Broad both deny that New Zealand Police have quotas for speeding tickets after a memo about such quotas is leaked.
4 July:An Italian Fiat advert draws criticism from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade for having women perform the haka.
10 July: Labour List MP Jim Sutton announces he is leaving politics on 1 August 2006. He will be replaced by the next member of the Labour Party list, Charles Chauvel.
11 July: Te Atairangi Kaahu, the Māori Queen, is taken to Waikato Hospital's intensive care unit after a possible heart attack and kidney failure.
18 July: Tim Selwyn is sentenced to 2 months imprisonment for sedition in Auckland. He is also sentenced to a further 15 months for other offenses.
18 July: Former Cabinet Minister Taito Phillip Field is cleared of any conflict of interest by an inquiry into allegations he had used his position for material gain, but his judgement was criticised.
25 July: The Overlander rail passenger service will be withdrawn at the end of September, thus ending the last passenger service operating between Auckland and Wellington.
31 July: New smaller and lighter coins are introduced in denominations of 10c, 20c, and 50c.
August
10 August: Origin Pacific Airways suspends passenger operations and lays off most of its staff. Freight operations will continue.
15 August: Māori Queen Dame Te Atairangi Kaahu dies after a long illness.
19 August: The All Blacks win the 2006 rugby union Tri Nations series.
21 August: Tuheitia Paki, the eldest son of Dame Te Atairangikaahu, is selected as the new Māori King.
23 August: Anand Satyanand is sworn in as the new Governor-General of New Zealand.
25 August An industrial dispute between supermarket company Progressive Enterprises and employees in the EPMU and NDU begins and lasts until 21 September
28 August: Helen Clark suggests that Taito Phillip Field should reconsider his future as an MP, after fresh allegations are made against him.
September
2 September: Natural gas supplies were cut to about 1000 central Wellington businesses for four days, after water entered Powerco's gas mains.
7 September: Four mayors in the Auckland Region meet with Helen Clark to discuss the possibility of amalgamating their city councils to a single body.
10 September: Tonga's King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV dies in Auckland.
13 September: Don Brash takes leave to sort out marital problems amidst rumours he had an affair.
14 September: Stephen Tindall announces his intention of buying out the other shareholders in the retail chain he founded, The Warehouse. Tindall currently has a controlling share in the company.
18 September: The Prime Minister's husband Peter Davis is accused of being gay, after a picture is published of him kissing another man. Both Davis and Clark deny the claim; the picture later turns out to be a still from election night coverage. See also:Investigate.
21 September: The dispute between supermarket company Progressive Enterprises and over 500 employees is resolved after 28 days.
25 September: Shares in carpet maker Feltex are suspended on the New Zealand Exchange after the company is placed in receivership on 22 September.
26 September: Brian Connell is suspended from the National Party caucus.
27 September: Bacardi offers NZ$138 million to buy the New Zealand alcoholic drink company 42 Below.
28 September: Dunedin's Logan Park High School is threatened by a large forest fire in a plantation bordering the school.
28 September: The Overlander train between Auckland and Wellington, due to be withdrawn at the end of the month, is to continue, but on a reduced schedule.
29 September: The Presbyterian Church of Aotearoa New Zealand votes to confirm a ban on people in de facto or gay relationships from becoming leaders in the Church.
30 September: The New Zealand Government apologises to the Te Arawa iwi over Treaty of Waitangi grievances, and returns 500 square kilometres of Crown land and 19 areas of special significance to it.
October
1 October: The Wearable Art Parade is held in central Wellington.
3 October: The Christian Heritage Party announces that it is disbanding.
8 October: Fisheries officers' request to be allowed to carry batons and pepper spray is denied by Minister Jim Anderton.
18 October: Awards ceremony for the New Zealand Music Awards (the Tuis).
26 October: The father of Chris and Cru Kahui is charged with their murder in June
31 October: The five-cent coin, and the larger pre-2006 ten-cent, twenty-cent, and fifty-cent coins are withdrawn from circulation and demonetised.
November
11 November: New Zealand War Memorial opened in Hyde Park, London
Icebergs are sighted within 100 km of the New Zealand coastline.
National Party leader Don Brash resigns.
John Key appointed leader of the National Party, with Bill English as deputy.
December
4 December: The Copyright (New Technologies and Performers' Rights) Amendment Bill, is introduced to update copyright laws due to the development and adoption of new technologies.
16 December: Three children are killed when a cliff collapses on them at a riverside picnic ground in the Manawatu region.
16 December: Nine experienced New Zealand fire-fighters are injured, one seriously, as they fought Bushfires in Victoria, Australia.
22 December: The Government announces changes to the regulations governing the sale of consumer fireworks. Sales will now be restricted to 3 (previously 10) days of the year – 3–5 November and the age limit for purchase has been raised from 16 to 18.
28 December – The contentious Wellington Inner city bypass opens
31 December: The 2006 road toll provisionally stands at 387, the lowest figure since 1963
See also Current events in Oceania
Date unknown
New Zealand Open Rescue, an animal rights advocacy organisation is formed.
Arts and literature
Awards
Catherine Chidgey and Dianne Ruth Pettis win the Robert Burns Fellowship.
Performing arts
Benny Award presented by the Variety Artists Club of New Zealand to Alan Watson.
Television
8 February: SKY Network Television purchases Prime. SKY broadcasts delayed sports events for the first time on Prime.
4 December: Susan Wood resigns as a presenter for Television New Zealand due to continuing health concerns.
Film
No. 2
Perfect Creature
Sione's Wedding
Out of the Blue
Internet
March – the sale of New Zealand's busiest web site, Trade Me Ltd. to the Fairfax group for $NZ700 million is announced.
October – Vodafone New Zealand purchases ISP ihug for NZ$41 million from iiNet.
Sport
Athletics
Dale Warrender wins his second national title in the men's marathon, clocking 2:17:43 on 29 October in Auckland, while Tracey Clissold claims her second as well in the women's championship (2:50:47).
Basketball
Women’s National Basketball League was won by Auckland, who beat North Harbour 75–74 in the final.
National Basketball League was won by the Hawkes Bay Hawks, who beat the Auckland Stars 84-69
Commonwealth Games
Cricket
The Black Caps defeat the West Indies 4–1 in a series of One-day Internationals during February.
Horse racing
Harness racing
New Zealand Trotting Cup: Flashing Red
Auckland Trotting Cup: Mi Muchacho
Mountain biking
August – UCI Mountain Bike World Cup is held in Rotorua
Olympic Games
New Zealand sends 18 competitors across five sports, its largest ever team to a Winter Olympics.
Paralympic Games
New Zealand sends a team of two competitors in one sport.
Rugby league
Bartercard Cup won by the Auckland Lions
Rugby union
New Zealand (All Blacks) retained the Tri Nations and Bledisloe Cup. Only losing one match to South Africa.
North Harbour wins the Ranfurly Shield from Canterbury 21–17 at Jade Stadium
The All Blacks convincingly won all four tests in their end-of-season tour of England, France and Wales.
Rowing
Mahé Drysdale defends his gold medal at the World Championships in August
Shooting
Ballinger Belt – Brian Carter (Te Puke)
Soccer
The Chatham Cup is won by Western Suburbs FC (Wellington) who beat Eastern Suburbs (Auckland) 0–0 in the final (3-0 on penalties).
Births
20 August – More Joyous, Thoroughbred racehorse
14 September – Katie Lee, Thoroughbred racehorse
7 October – Military Move, Thoroughbred racehorse
3 November – Ambitious Dragon, Thoroughbred racehorse
5 November – Little Bridge, Thoroughbred racehorse
10 November – So You Think, Thoroughbred racehorse
Exact date unlisted
Lucy Gray, climate change activist
Deaths
January
4 January – Bob White, politician (born 1914)
19 January – Geoff Rabone, cricketer (born 1921)
21 January – Leslie Butler, cricketer (born 1934)
22 January – Gwenethe Walshe, ballroom dancer and dance teacher (born 1908)
February
1 February
Bryce Harland, diplomat (born 1931)
Rona Tong, athlete (born 1910)
19 February – Wi Kuki Kaa, actor (born 1938)
22 February – Bob McDonald, lawn bowls player (born 1933)
28 February – Peter Snow, doctor who discovered "Tapanui flu" (born 1935)
March
5 March – Peter Malone, veterinary surgeon and politician, mayor of Nelson (1980–92) (born 1924)
8 March – Sir Brian Barratt-Boyes, heart surgeon (born 1924)
18 March – Brede Arkless, mountaineer (born 1939)
22 March – Bev Brewis, athlete (born 1930)
24 March – Mirosław Złotkowski, wrestler (born 1956)
April
4 April – Trevor Moffitt, artist (born 1936)
5 April – Tom McNab, association football player (born 1933)
17 April – Gordon Bromley, long-distance runner (born 1916)
21 April – Johnny Checketts, World War II flying ace (born 1912)
May
11 May – Bob Duff, rugby union player, local-body politician (born 1925)
16 May – Anthony Murray, rugby league player and coach (born 1958)
26 May – Anne Delamere, public servant (born 1921)
30 May – David Lloyd, botanist (born 1937)
June
2 June – Kitione Lave, boxer (born 1934)
4 June – Vic Belsham, rugby league player and referee (born 1925)
11 June – Neroli Fairhall, archer, first paraplegic to compete in the Olympic Games (born 1944)
12 June – Nicky Barr, rugby union player and World War II flying ace (born 1915)
13 June – Barry Thompson, rugby union player (born 1947)
15 June – Herb Pearson, cricketer (born 1910)
26 June – Bubbles Mihinui, tourist guide, community leader (born 1919)
July
5 July – Kevin Herlihy, softball player (born 1947)
7 July – John Money, psychologist and sexologist (born 1921)
17 July – Roy Cowan, potter, illustrator, printmaker (born 1918)
21 July – Tony George, weightlifter (born 1919)
22 July
Ian Burrows, soldier (born 1930)
Erenora Puketapu-Hetet, tohunga raranga (born 1941)
25 July – Cis Winstanley, lawn bowls player (born 1908)
28 July – Nigel Cox, author and museum director (born 1951)
29 July – Harry Hawthorn, anthropology academic and museum curator (born 1910)
August
9 August – Colin Dickinson, cyclist (born 1931)
15 August – Te Arikinui Dame Te Atairangikaahu, the Māori queen (born 1931)
18 August – Jotham Pellew, wrestler (born 1978)
23 August – Jack Ridley, civil engineer and politician (born 1919)
25 August – Roy Geddes, physical biochemistry academic (born 1940)
29 August – John Scandrett, cricketer (born 1915)
30 August – Robin Cooke, Baron Cooke of Thorndon, jurist (born 1926)
September
4 September – Ron Stone, association football player (born 1913)
10 September – Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, king of Tonga (born 1918)
11 September – Nancy Borlase, artist (born 1914)
19 September – Sir Hugh Kāwharu, Māori leader and anthropology academic (born 1927)
23 September – Joan Hart, athlete (born 1925)
24 September – Joan Hatcher, cricketer (born 1923)
29 September – Walter Hadlee, cricket player and administrator (born 1915)
October
2 October – Brian Fitzpatrick, rugby union player (born 1931)
8 October – Mark Porter, motor racing driver (born 1974)
14 October – Peter Munz, philosopher and historian (born 1921)
November
2 November – Derek Turnbull, athlete (born 1926)
14 November – Owen Truelove, glider pilot (born 1937)
16 November – John Dougan, rugby union player (born 1946)
18 November – Charles Luney, construction company director (born 1905)
December
6 December – John Feeney, documentary film director (born 1922)
8 December – Jim McCormick, rugby union player (born 1923)
10 December – Willow Macky, songwriter (born 1921)
22 December – Winifred Lawrence, swimmer (born 1920)
23 December – Graham May, weightlifter (born 1952)
29 December – Tom Lynch, rugby union and rugby league player (born 1927)
Births to deaths
20 March to 18 June – Cris and Cru Kahui
See also
List of years in New Zealand
Timeline of New Zealand history
History of New Zealand
Military history of New Zealand
Timeline of the New Zealand environment
Timeline of New Zealand's links with Antarctica
References
External links
2006 by country
2006 in Oceania
Years of the 21st century in New Zealand
2000s in New Zealand
|
4009326
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throwing%20%28cricket%29
|
Throwing (cricket)
|
In the sport of cricket, throwing, commonly referred to as chucking, is an illegal bowling action which occurs when a bowler straightens the bowling arm when delivering the ball. Throws are not allowed. The Laws of Cricket specify that only the rotation of the shoulder can be used to impart velocity to the ball – a bowler's arm must not extend during the bowling action. If the umpire deems that the ball has been thrown, they will call a no-ball which means the batsman cannot be given out from that delivery.
After biomechanical testing showed that all bowlers flex their extended arms to some degree, rules were changed. Current regulations of the International Cricket Council (ICC) set a limit of 15 degrees of permissible straightening of the elbow joint for all bowlers in international cricket. This law applies between the point at which the bowling arm passes above shoulder height and the point at which the ball is released. The limit is to allow only the natural flexing of the elbow joint which happens during the course of legal delivery.
The charge of 'throwing' against a bowler is one of the most serious and controversial that can be made in cricket, as a bowler with an illegal action must take steps to correct their action or face effectively being banned from the game.
Overview
Law 24, Clause 3 defines a fair delivery with respect to the arm:
History
Before the advent of developed biomechanical and audiovisual technology, Law 24 Clause 3 was implemented by the field umpires, who judged a delivery as illegal or "thrown" on visual judgement alone. The law against throwing has not changed in its essence since overarm bowling was legalised in 1864.
1800s
Tom Wills, Australia's most revered cricketer of the mid-19th century, was also its most controversial and he was often accused of (and admitted to) throwing. Many of his contemporaries recalled his trickery: "[Wills] used to say to the umpire, 'Just look at my feet, will you; I have a bad habit now and then of going over the crease.' The umpire would look at Tom's feet, and Tom would let go a throw for all he was worth." In 1872 Wills became the first cricketer to be called for throwing in a major Australian match, effectively ending his first-class career.
In the early 1880s there were a number of bowlers who were widely considered to have unfair actions, with the Lancashire pair of Jack Crossland and George Nash coming in for particular criticism. After playing for Kent against Lancashire in 1885, when he faced the bowling of Crossland and Nash, Lord Harris decided to take action. He persuaded the Kent committee to cancel the return fixture. Later that season, Crossland was found to have broken his residential qualification for Lancashire by living in Nottinghamshire and Nash dropped out of the side. Thus the two counties resumed playing each other the following season. Harris's Wisden obituarist wrote: "there can be no doubt the action of Lord Harris, even if it did not entirely remove the throwing evil, had a very healthy effect on the game."
Sydney Pardon, the editor of Wisden, accused quick bowler Ernest Jones of throwing during Australia's tour of England in 1896 but it was left to an Australian umpire, Jim Phillips, to "call" Jones for throwing in the Melbourne Test in 1897. The same umpire ended the great C. B. Fry's bowling career by calling him for throwing. Pardon considered the end of the career of the famous Corinthian bowler "a case of long-delayed justice".
Phillips went on to call Lancashire and England fast bowler Arthur Mold in 1900 and 1901, all but ending his productive career. Mold took 1,673 wickets in first-class cricket at only 15.54 apiece, bowling at high pace with a sharp 'break back' from just a four pace run up, but his bowling had always attracted as much controversy as praise. He took 192 wickets in 1895 and was a Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1892 but he left the first-class scene after the 1901 season and Phillips' intervention.
Early 1900s
The Australian aboriginal fast bowler Eddie Gilbert was another fast bowler who generated extreme pace from a remarkably short run. Standing tall and in weight he took wickets at a prodigious rate in the late 1920s in Queensland club cricket. He was chosen for Queensland against New South Wales Colts in 1930 and took 6 wickets but the Brisbane Courier's correspondent "Long On" was moved to describe his whipped catapult action as "almost a throw". He was picked for Queensland's Sheffield Shield side and bowled with great success. Queensland selectors responded to complaints from New South Wales by filming his arm action in slow motion but took no action against him. His most famous spell came against Don Bradman on 6 November 1931. He dismissed the NSW opener with his first ball, a vicious bouncer, then knocked Bradman's bat out of his hands with the next. The next delivery knocked Bradman over and the third had him caught behind. A month later, playing against Victoria, he was repeatedly called for throwing. He played on for Queensland, bowling at a reduced pace, and in 1934–35 headed the Queensland averages. He was a victim of legislation outlawing intimidatory bowling, in the wake of the Bodyline affair and retired in 1936, having taken 87 first-class wickets at 29.21. He later suffered from mental illness.
1950s
An epidemic of throwing plagued cricket in the 1950s. Umpire Frank Chester wanted to no-ball the South African Cuan McCarthy for throwing in 1951 but was blocked by the authorities at Lords, Plum Warner commenting diplomatically "These people are our guests".
Surrey and England left-arm spinner Tony Lock was generally thought to throw his dangerous faster ball; on one occasion Doug Insole inquired if he had been 'bowled or run out' after Lock had shattered his stumps. He was in fact called for throwing in county cricket early in his career, and is said to have cleaned up his action towards the end of his career after seeing a bowler on video, commenting on how poor the bowler's action was and being shocked to discover it was himself.
Left-arm paceman Ian Meckiff helped Australia to regain the Ashes in 1958–59 but feelings ran high in the England team and press that Meckiff and others had bowled outside the laws and spirit of the game. (Meckiff was also alleged – along with several other Australia bowlers – to be breaking the spirit of the no-ball law by "dragging" – grounding the back foot behind the bowling crease, thus making the delivery legal, but dragging it through so that it was considerably in front of the crease before the front foot landed, thus bowling from illegally close to the batsman. Following arguments over this, the no-ball law was changed to rely on the bowler's front foot being grounded behind the popping crease, rather than the back foot being grounded behind the bowling crease.) Elder statesmen on both sides, including Gubby Allen and Don Bradman, resolved to clear the air before Australia's tour of England in 1961. In 1963–64, Meckiff was called by Colin Egar in the First Test against South Africa in Brisbane, ending his career.
Twenty-one-year-old South African Geoff Griffin, who had already been called when playing for Natal, was called in May 1960 while playing against MCC at Lords and his test career was ended by umpire Frank Lee who called him four times during the Second Test. Remarkably he claimed a hat trick during the test but South Africa lost by an innings, prompting an exhibition match to be staged as the Queen was due to visit the ground. Griffin was called by umpire Syd Buller, ending an over bowling underarm when he was no-balled again for not informing the umpire of a change of action.
West Indian fast bowler Charlie Griffith, perhaps the most feared fast bowler of his generation, was often suspected of throwing his faster ball although he was not called in Test matches and the promising career of Derbyshire's Harold Rhodes was stunted by constant speculation about the legality of his action. He was 'called' while playing against the South African tourists in 1960 by Paul Gibb but though he was eventually cleared and played on with great success for Derbyshire through the decade, he played just twice for England.
1990s
In more recent times bowlers such as England's James Kirtley, Australia's Brett Lee and Pakistan's Shoaib Akhtar and Shabbir Ahmed have come under scrutiny to varying degrees.
Muttiah Muralitharan, one of the modern era's most celebrated exponents of spin bowling was dogged by controversy over his bowling action for much of his international career. From his debut for Sri Lanka he was under scrutiny from umpires due to an unusual hyperextension of his congenitally bent arm during delivery. Despite initial criticism, the first occasion when his action became a real issue was when Australian umpire Darrell Hair called him for throwing during the Boxing Day Test in Melbourne, 1995. Hair publicly stated that he would not hesitate to call Murali for throwing again, given the opportunity and considered his bowling action "diabolical". The inability of cricket's officials to agree on the legality of Muralitharan's action and the reluctance of other umpires to call him for throwing meant Hair was isolated and was later excluded from officiating in matches involving Sri Lanka. Subsequent bio-mechanical tests exonerated Muralitharan's action, showing that he did not extend his arm any more than many other bowlers with legal actions. This testing never completely cleared his action in the eyes of his critics, who claim the extension of the arm differs between bowling in testing and in games and also when he bowls particular deliveries. During testing at the University of Western Australia several independent witnesses, including former cricketer Bruce Yardley, were present to ensure Muralitharan bowled as he would in match conditions.
Since the mid-1990s when Pakistani off-spinner Saqlain Mushtaq pioneered the doosra, off spinners who have bowled with a non-classical action that can produce this delivery have routinely been reported and investigated for throwing. Such bowlers include Harbhajan Singh, Shoaib Malik, Marlon Samuels, Mohammad Hafeez, Saeed Ajmal, Johan Botha, Shane Shillingford and Moeen Ali; Ali, at least, although never actually banned from bowling, has stopped attempting to bowl the doosra and now bowls classical off-spin. Saqlain is one of the few bowlers of the doosra whose action has never been called into question, although he was regularly no-balled for the more conventional sin of overstepping the crease.
Biomechanics and modifications to the throwing laws
Testing conducted in the 1990s in England revealed that during a delivery virtually all bowlers flex and extend their arms naturally to some degree as it rotates around the shoulder. This testing revealed that the strict Laws of Cricket which banned any flexing of the arm were impossible to follow.
A set of tiered tolerance thresholds for the amount of allowable elbow extension, or straightening, were implemented: 10 degrees for fast bowlers, 7.5 degrees for medium pacers, and 5 degrees for spin bowlers. Enforcing these new measures proved problematic, as the laboratory based measurement systems used had a margin of error of at least 1 degree, and video based measurement systems were likely to have more, especially if inappropriately executed.
A later study from 2000 to 2003 showed that bowling actions that looked normal to the naked eye in many of the world's elite fast bowlers had, on average, 9 degrees of elbow extension during the bowling action. Some recorded elbow extension measuring between 10 and 15 degrees, yet none of these bowlers had ever had a problem regarding the legality of their bowling action. This testing showed that a zero tolerance threshold, and the tiered thresholds implemented in the late 1990s, had no or little scientific merit. The study, conducted by the Australian Institute of Sport Biomechanics department, led by cricket biomechanist Dr. Marc Portus, involved taking three-dimensional video based biomechanical analyses during tour, test and one-day international matches in Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane. Results from this work indicated that video based measurement error in such a scenario, using best practice methodologies, was 3 degrees. This report was submitted to the ICC in 2003, which instigated the review of the illegal action definition and processes.
Subsequent to this the ICC received data from laboratory based analyses, on the basis that these measurement environments are more controlled, involving more sophisticated measurement technologies such as the Vicon Motion Analysis system. These were subject to less measurement error. Data was provided by the Australian Institute of Sport, the University of Western Australia and the Motion Analysis Corporation system from the University of Auckland. The ICC also carried out further video based three-dimensional analyses on all bowlers during the 2004 Champions Trophy in England. Regardless of the biomechanical measurement protocol used, a strikingly similar pattern emerged: the normal biomechanics of cricket bowling, whether it be spin or pace, features an element of elbow extension. The average extension of a normal, seemingly legal delivery was 8–10 degrees for all bowler types. There were virtually zero instances of no elbow extension at all in accordance with the original laws.
The ICC formed an expert panel comprising biomechanists Professor Bruce Elliott of The University of Western Australia, Dr Marc Portus of the Australian Institute of Sport and Dr Paul Hurrion from the UK who presented during a forum of a special ICC cricket sub-committee for illegal bowling actions in late 2003 in Dubai. The sub-committee was David Richardson, Angus Fraser, Aravinda De Silva, Michael Holding, Tony Lewis and Tim May. After this meeting the ICC decided to raise the elbow extension tolerance threshold to 15 degrees for all bowlers.
The new 15-degree limit was chosen after considering biomechanical findings from 130 pace and spin bowlers, the scientific issues with measurement, and that bowling actions considered to be "throw-like", or illegal, were usually measured to be well above 15 degrees of elbow extension, often in the 20 to 30-degree range.
Process once a bowler is reported
If an umpire or match official deems that a bowler is contravening law 24.3, they detail this in the match report which is passed on the match referee. Within 24 hours of the conclusion of the match, the match referee provides the team manager and the ICC with a copy of the match report. A media statement is also issued that the player has been reported.
The first step in this process is an independent review of the player's bowling action which is carried out by a member of the ICC panel of human movement specialists, who will furnish the ICC with their report. If this report concludes that the player does have an illegal action, they are immediately suspended from all international cricket until they have remedied their action. If however, only a particular delivery is illegal, they can continue to bowl in international cricket provided they do not use the delivery in question until it has been remedied. Throughout the period of this independent assessment, the player can continue to bowl in international cricket.
If the player does not agree with the report, they can seek a hearing from a bowling review group made up of experts appointed by the ICC. This group will review evidence and decide, by a simple majority vote, on the legality of the player's action. If the player is cleared the suspension will be lifted immediately. A player who has been suspended from international cricket can continue to play domestic cricket under the supervision of his cricket Board. A player who has been suspended can at any time apply for a reassessment of their action. This usually happens after the player has completed a period of remedial work on their action. This reassessment is carried out in the same manner as the independent review. If the review concludes that the player has remedied their action the suspension will be lifted with immediate effect and they can start bowling in international cricket.
If the player is reported and suspended a second time within two years of his last report, he is automatically suspended for a period of one year before they can apply for a reassessment of their action. This event usually ends up effectively terminating a player's international career.
Intentional throwing
In general, although players with suspect actions now tend to be reported for investigations rather than suffering a public trial in front of spectators by being no-balled, umpires still have the right to call bowlers on the field if necessary. Such a case might occur when a bowler decides to deliberately and obviously throw the odd ball in a manner akin to a javelin throw as a surprise. Such cases have occurred throughout history of a bowler whose general action is not of concern but for whatever reason has appeared to deliberately throw a ball with a vastly different action. The Australian Test bowler Laurie Nash was once no-balled in such circumstances in the 1930s, with the journalists present opining that he had deliberately thrown the ball. The same was also true of David Gower (normally a batsman, and only a very occasional bowler) in the 1986 Eng/NZ Test at Trent Bridge: with New Zealand needing just one run to win with eight wickets in hand, rather than leaving the job of conceding the final run to a specialist bowler, Gower was brought on to bowl, and threw it with a fairly blatant illegal action (he normally bowled legally on the rare occasions that he bowled), conceding a no-ball for throwing. The batsman smacked the ball to the boundary anyway, and the four runs were awarded (in those days, if runs were scored from the bat off a no-ball, these were considered to replace the normal penalty run for a no-ball: the law has subsequently changed so that the penalty run is additional to any runs scored), leaving Gower with an unusual bowling analysis of conceding 4 runs from, technically, zero deliveries.
Hyperextension
In a report by scientists commissioned by the ICC it was shown that Pakistani bowler Shoaib Akhtar and Indian bowler R. P. Singh were seen to extend their elbow joints by a negative angle with respect to the upper arm. This phenomenon, also known as hyperextension, can give the illusion of throwing. In the report it was seen that R. P. Singh maintained this negative angle throughout his delivery stride, while Akhtar sometimes bowled a quicker delivery by flexing this hyperextension. These actions are not considered to be chucking as they are due to the distinctive architecture of their elbows, possibly a congenital condition. Since these cricketers have no control over this hyperextension, any degree of hyperextension (past zero) is not included in the 15-degree extension tolerance threshold.
See also
Bowling (cricket)
Bowling action
List of international cricketers called for throwing
References
External links
Illegal bowling actions: FAQs
Bowling (cricket)
Cricket controversies
Cricket laws and regulations
Banned sports tactics
|
4009372
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tollebeek
|
Tollebeek
|
Tollebeek is a village in the Dutch province of Flevoland. It is a part of the municipality of Noordoostpolder, and is approximately 90 kilometres north east of Amsterdam.
Tollebeek is one of ten villages in the Noordoostpolder (literally: North East Polder) which was reclaimed from the Zuiderzee (now: IJsselmeer) in the 1930s and 1940s as part of a huge project known as the 'Zuiderzeewerken' ('Zuiderzee works') to create new land to accommodate growing need for farmland and new urban areas in the already densely populated country.
After the Noordoostpolder was formed in the early 1940s, new villages were constructed, including Tollebeek (being constructed last). It is situated in the south-western part of the polder, in the middle of a large agricultural area, between Emmeloord and Urk which used to be an island in the old Zuiderzee.
Tollebeek was established in 1956 as the last of the Noordoostpolder villages.
As of the first of January 2020 Tollebeek has 2460 inhabitants. Tollebeek is growing a lot due to new residential areas in the past 20 years. The village has grown significantly since the start of this century.
Tollebeek has a thriving community culture, with several sports, arts and youth clubs. There are two churches (Roman Catholic and Protestant), two primary schools, a restaurant, two fast food bars and a small supermarket.
Transportation
The nearest railway stations to Tollebeek are in Lelystad and Kampen, both approximately 30km from Tollebeek. There is a bus service that goes to Urk and Emmeloord. The village can be reached by car via the A6 motorway from Almere and Lelystad. It is about a one-hour drive from Amsterdam.
Sports
Tollebeek has a football club named VV Tollebeek . Since 2000, the first team were twice a champion, in the season 2001/2002 and 2010/2011. Tollebeek also has a tennis club with a tennis field, an ice skating club and multiple other sports.
Gallery
References
External links
Official site (in Dutch)
Populated places in Flevoland
Noordoostpolder
1956 establishments in the Netherlands
|
4009378
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti-Hua%20Chang
|
Ti-Hua Chang
|
Ti-Hua Chang (born New York City) is an American reporter. A Chinese American, he is a broadcast journalist based in New York City since 1989. He was the climate change investigative reporter for TYT Investigates.
He has been an investigative reporter for numerous news outlets in the New York City region and at the national level. He has been a freelance correspondent for CBS Evening News. In 2008, he joined WWOR/MY9 as a general assignment reporter. A year later, he served as a general assignment and investigative reporter for WNYW, the FOX affiliate in New York. Before joining WCBS in 2005, Chang worked as a general assignment/investigative TV reporter at WNBC-TV. Prior to that, he was the host of his own talk show, New York Hotline on WNYC-TV. Chang also worked as an investigative producer at ABC News and as a reporter at WLOX in Biloxi, Mississippi, KYW-TV in Philadelphia, KUSA in Denver and WJBK in Detroit.
Chang is a native New Yorker, and grew up on the Upper West Side. He has a bachelor's degree from the University of Pennsylvania and a Master's degree from the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism (1977).
In 1996, Chang won the George Foster Peabody Award for his news documentary “Passport to Kill”. The series of reports tracked suspected killers of children and cops who fled to the Dominican Republic, where they were protected by outdated extradition laws. The laws were changed. In 2006. He won an Edward R. Murrow Award for a story on police using high-tech equipment to spy on an amorous couple. As a producer with ABC Primetime Live, his work contributed to the jailing of Byron De la Beckwith, the assassin of civil rights leader Medgar Evers, 29 years after the murder.
Chang is also the recipient of five Emmys, Press Association awards in Philadelphia, Denver, Detroit and New York, AP and UPI awards, and Asian American Journalists Association (AAJA) and National Association of Black Journalists (NABJ) awards including a Lifetime Achievement Award from AAJA. An active figure in the Asian American community, he has previously served both on the national and local New York Board of Directors for the AAJA. Chang's writing has been published in The New York Times, the Detroit Free Press and The Detroit News.
In 2004 he was given an honorary Doctor of Humanities degree from New York City College of Technology.
In 2002, he married fashion designer Elaine Huie. Chang is a practitioner of Brazilian jiu-jitsu at Renzo Gracies in New York City.
On March 9, 2020, he joined The Young Turks network as an investigative climate reporter.
References
Writers from Manhattan
People from the Upper West Side
American television journalists
New York (state) television reporters
American journalists of Chinese descent
1950 births
Living people
American male journalists
University of Pennsylvania alumni
Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism alumni
The Young Turks people
|
4009383
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Matney
|
Robert Matney
|
Robert Matney (born 1976) in Dallas, Texas, is VP of Strategic Partnerships at Yonder at Yonder (company). He has worked as a social media analyst and practitioner, web developer, actor (stage, voice), theater director, and currently living in Austin, Texas. Matney is co-producing artistic director of Breaking String Theater and the technology designer at the Hidden Room Theatre . He has spoken at SXSW every year since 2011 with the Hidden Room and Look Left Look Right about their work on Skype theatre and linking actors and audience using technology. Matney graduated from The University of Texas in 1998 with a degree in philosophy and having studied Shakespeare-in-Performance at the Shakespeare at Winedale program.
Career
Technology Designer
Matney was the Hidden Room Theatre's technology designer for "You Wouldn't Know Her, She Lives in London / You Wouldn't Know Him, He Lives in Texas." Jo Caird from London's What's On Stage said the show should be "applauded for their attempt to explore this new territory," and that "theatre has only to gain from this type of innovation." Matney designed the technology that linked theatres from Austin and Moscow for the New Russian Drama Festival via video teleconferencing technology. He spoke about his efforts to join theatres through this method at SXSW Interactive in 2011. Matney spoke in 2011 on innovations in this field at the Hybrid Arts Summit for the Fusebox Festival in Austin Texas.
Theatre/Film/Television
Anime
Birth (anime) (OAV) as Inorganic Biker #1
Magical Play (ONA)
Petite Princess Yucie (TV) as Gunbard
Getbackers
Video Games
DC Universe Online as Doctor Psycho
Stage Roles
A Most Unsettling and Possibly Haunted Evening In the Parlour of the Brothers Grimm as Wilhelm Grimm, The Hidden Room Theatre, October 2010
Web Development
Matney joined Polycot Associates as web project manager in 2011, managing the development of websites and web applications. He worked with the rest of the team on the company's conversion to a worker-owned and -managed cooperative. Matney also took responsibility for business development, which included participation with an Austin chapter of BNI (organization). He spent seven years with Polycot Associates before he joined Yonder (company).
Government Affairs
Matney has worked for Yonder (company) since November 2018, and is currently Managing Director of Public Affairs. The company was originally called New Knowledge, and was known for its role in developing the authoritative report on Russian influence operations targeting US elections from 2015 forward for the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence (SSCI). The report leveraged data from Alphabet (Google), Twitter, and Facebook. In his role at Yonder, Matney has become a thought leader in disinformation analysis, online authenticity, and the influence mechanics of the internet.
References
External links
American male voice actors
American male stage actors
University of Texas at Austin College of Liberal Arts alumni
Living people
1976 births
|
4009387
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyndi%20Williams
|
Cyndi Williams
|
Cyndi Lou Williams is an American voice actress and script writer. She has mainly appeared in anime series by ADV Films. She was nominated for an Independent Spirit Award for Best Lead Actress for her performance in Kyle Henry's film, Room (2005), which was nominated for the Cassavetes Award.
Filmography
Anime roles
Birth - Mu-nyo, Nam’s Ostrich
Magical Play - Sister Rose
Petite Princess Yucie - Ercell
Rurouni Kenshin: Reminiscence - Women
Sakura Diaries - Alica, Touma's Mother
Variable Geo - Miranda Johana
Wedding Peach - Cloud, Nocturne, Butterfly
Video games
DC Universe Online - Poison Ivy, Queen Bee, Additional Voices
Script writer
Maburaho
Happy Lesson
Science Ninja Team Gatchaman (2005 ADV Dub)
References
External links
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American video game actresses
American voice actresses
Place of birth missing (living people)
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
|
4009402
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Alexander%20Morgan
|
William Alexander Morgan
|
William Alexander Morgan (April 19, 1928 – March 11, 1961) was a United States citizen who fought in the Cuban Revolution, leading a band of rebels that drove the Cuban army from key positions in the central mountains as part of Second National Front of Escambray, thereby helping to pave the way for Fidel Castro's forces to secure victory. Morgan was one of about two dozen U.S. citizens to fight in the revolution and one of only three foreign nationals to hold the rank of comandante in the rebel forces. In the years after the revolution, Morgan became disenchanted with Castro's turn to communism and he became one of the leaders of the CIA-supplied Escambray rebellion. In 1961, he was arrested by the Cuban government and, after a military trial, executed by firing squad in the presence of Fidel and Raul Castro.
Life before Cuba
Morgan was born in Cleveland, Ohio, to Alexander Morgan and German-American Loretta Morgan (née Ruderth). Raised in an affluent Toledo neighborhood, he dropped out of high school and was often in trouble with the law.<ref name=sallah>Micheal Sallah, "The Yankee Comandante," The Toledo Blade", March 3-4-5, 2002</ref> Morgan joined the United States Army after World War II and married Darlene Edgerton in 1946. The marriage was annulled after a year and a half. He was stationed with Company B, 35th Infantry Regiment, in Japan, where he fathered a son with a German-Japanese hostess named Setsuko Takeda. He went AWOL, was arrested, and escaped from custody by overpowering a guard. Recaptured, he was court-martialed in 1948, received a dishonorable discharge, and spent over two years in a federal prison.
He is said to have been skilled with firearms and was rumored to have been a Central Intelligence Agency operative, though there are no public records or witness interviews to support the claim. After his discharge from the Army, Morgan apparently also worked for a local crime syndicate.
On May 11, 1954, Morgan married Ellen Theresa May Bethel, a snake charmer, in Miami. They had two children, Anne Marie (1955) and William A. Morgan Jr. (1957).
Cuban Revolution
Opposed to the dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista, Morgan left behind his wife and children and went to Cuba in 1957, joining a guerrilla force of the Second National Front of the Escambray (Segundo Frente Nacional de Escambray or SFNE) that operated against Batista's soldiers in the Escambray Mountains in central Cuba.
After distinguishing himself in a series of battles, he was promoted to the rank of comandante, leading his own column. In 1958, he wrote a statement that appeared in the New York Times to explain his participation in Castro's revolution, "Why I Am Here". It said in part:
In December 1958, Che Guevara joined forces with Morgan's group and the Directorio Revolucionario Estudantil guerrillas of the Escambray mountains. Together they captured the city of Santa Clara on December 31. Twelve hours later, Batista fled Cuba. Morgan and his men occupied the city of Cienfuegos on January 1–2, 1959.
In January 1959, he told a reporter that "all I'm interested in is settling down to a nice peaceful existence" but worried how U.S. authorities would respond to his military activities in Cuba. In March 1959, officials of the U.S. embassy in Havana warned Americans that participation in foreign military service could jeopardize their citizenship.
In August 1959, Morgan gained international attention when he helped smash a coup attempt orchestrated by Dominican Republic strongman Rafael Trujillo and others by pretending to lead the takeover while quietly divulging the plot to Fidel Castro in order to help the fledgling government.New York Times: "Trouble for Castro," August 16, 1959, accessed June 25, 2012
In September 1959, the U.S. State Department revoked his citizenship, a move that was prompted by members of Congress who had supported Trujillo. Morgan promised to contest the action.
Post-revolution activities
Morgan married a Cuban, Olga María Rodríguez Farinas, also a revolutionary, and they had two daughters. In August 1959, the FBI and American authorities revoked Morgan's U.S. citizenship. On September 24, 1959, Morgan renounced his U.S. citizenship publicly on a Havana radio station. After the revolution, Morgan developed a business of frog farming; with the legs being sold to restaurants, the skin for fashion accessories, and what remained for cattle feed. During this venture, Morgan employed around 600 workers and shipped an average of of frozen frog legs to the U.S. every month.
On March 6, 1960, the French freighter La Coubre exploded in Havana Harbor killing around 100 people. An American named Jack Lee Evans, who was in Cuba at the time of the explosion with Morgan, left for Miami a few days after the incident. While in Miami, he gave an interview with the Miami Herald suggesting that Morgan had been involved with the sabotaging of the ship, which Morgan adamantly denied. A memorial for the explosion was held a few days later. Morgan was pictured arm and arm walking through the streets of Havana during this memorial with prominent Cuban leaders including Castro and Che.
Throughout the struggle against Batista, Morgan was vocal about Castro's supposed anti-communist beliefs. When asked during interviews about Castro's political beliefs and where the new Cuban government was leaning, he remained firm in his belief that Castro was not a communist and that Cuba would become a capitalist parliamentary democracy.
As Castro began to reveal his socialist leanings, Morgan became disenchanted with the revolutionary government, as did other members of the SFNE, who wanted Cuba to restore elections. In the middle of June 1960, Morgan and a select few former Escambray leaders met to discuss Castro's turn towards socialism and protecting the Revolution. As the arrests of Morgan's former rebel comrades for counter-revolutionary activities started to increase, Morgan organized weapons to be smuggled to the counter-revolutionaries in the Escambray.
Arrest and execution
On October 16, 1960, Castro ordered Morgan's arrest due to counter-revolutionary activities. Three days later, Morgan was arrested while attending a meeting for the National Institute for Agrarian Reform, to which he had been summoned. Morgan was formally charged with plotting to join and lead the counter-revolutionaries who were active in the Escambray Mountains. On March 11, 1961, shortly after a military trial at La Cabaña fortress, Morgan, then 32 years old, was shot by firing squad with Fidel and Raul Castro in attendance. One month later, 1,500 CIA trained counterrevolutionaries unsuccessfully invaded Cuba at the Bay of Pigs resulting in Castro officially declaring the Revolution a socialist endeavor.
Olga María Rodríguez Farinas was tried with him in absentia. She was found guilty of co-conspiracy and sentenced to 30 years in prison. She was released after 10 years. She left for the United States in 1980 during the Mariel boatlift. In a series of interviews with The Toledo Blade in 2002, she admitted that she and her husband had begun running guns to anti-Castro guerrillas because they were opposed to Castro's pro-Soviet leanings. She also said she wanted Morgan's U.S. citizenship restored and his remains returned to the United States for reburial. The newspaper stories prompted two Democratic members of the United States House of Representatives, Charles Rangel and Marcy Kaptur, to travel to Cuba in April 2002 to meet Fidel Castro and ask him to return Morgan's body, and Castro agreed.
In April 2007, nearly 50 years after the government stripped him of his rights in 1959 for serving in a foreign country's military, the U.S. State Department declared that Morgan's U.S. citizenship was effectively restored.
Morgan in pop culture
Morgan's story remained largely out of the American eye until the 21st century when articles, documentaries, and films introduced his story. In 2012, George Clooney planned to buy the rights and direct a film based on David Grann's 2012 New Yorker article on Morgan. Pulitzer prize-winning reporters Michael Sallah and Mitch Weiss authored the book, "The Yankee Comandante: The Untold Story of Courage, Passion and One American's Fight to Liberate Cuba." Morgan was featured in 2015 on the PBS documentary series American Experience with the episode titled American Comandante.
In April 2020, Adam Driver was reported to star in a film adaptation of the New Yorker article, written and directed by Jeff Nichols, with shooting anticipated to begin in 2021.
American country-rock band Lucero detail Morgan's story on "Back in Ohio," a track off their 2021 album When You Found Me.See also
Second National Front of Escambray
References
Further reading
Abella, Alex, The Great American: A Novel, Simon & Schuster, 2000,
Gibson, Joss, American Rebel, Alto Pico Publishing, 2012,
Shetterly, Aran, The Americano: Fighting for Freedom in Castro's Cuba, Algonquin Books, 2007,
Sallah, Michael and Weiss, Mitch, Yankee Comandante: The Untold Story of Courage, Passion and One American's Fight to Liberate Cuba, Lyons Press, 2015,
External links
American Comandante, 2015 episode of American Experience''
access to FBI files, photographs, artwork and extracts from the novel American Rebel
Alfonso Chardy and Michael Sallah, "Yanqui" Rebel William Morgan's Saga in Cuban Revolution is Revived," The Miami Herald, January 4, 2009
William Morgan: A Rebel "Americano" in Cuba
"Cuba: Lost in the Shadows," a documentary in which William Morgan plays a key role.
1928 births
1961 deaths
American revolutionaries
Executed revolutionaries
American anti-communists
Opposition to Fidel Castro
Executed American people
20th-century executions by Cuba
People executed by Cuba by firing squad
American people executed abroad
American expatriates in Cuba
People from Cleveland
20th-century executions of American people
Executed people from Ohio
People from Toledo, Ohio
People of the Cuban Revolution
|
4009409
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monika%20Bustamante
|
Monika Bustamante
|
Monika Bustamante is an American voice actor who has performed in various anime productions, including Happy Lesson (OAV) as Kisaragi Ninomai, and Petite Princess Yucie (TV) as Cocoloo.
See also
Dubbing (filmmaking)
Voice over
References
External links
Monika Bustamante at CrystalAcids.com
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
American voice actresses
21st-century American women
|
4009414
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabot%20Center
|
Cabot Center
|
The Cabot Center is the home of several indoor athletic teams of Northeastern University Huskies in Boston, Massachusetts. Built in 1954 and named in 1957 for patron Godfrey Lowell Cabot, the building houses a variety of facilities for the various teams.
The arena is built on the site of the old Huntington Avenue Grounds, where the first-ever World Series baseball game was held in 1903, and is barely over a quarter-mile (402 m) away to the southwest from the Matthews Arena, the original home of the NHL's Boston Bruins ice hockey team in 1924.
Solomon Court
Solomon Court at Cabot Center is the 1800-seat home to the women's basketball and volleyball teams, as well as the non-game day home of the men's basketball team. In the late 1990s, the facilities underwent a multimillion-dollar renovation culminating with the dedication of the court to long-time fan Bernard "Bunny" Solomon on November 28, 2000.
The venue hosted the championship game of the ECAC North, now America East Conference men's basketball tournament in 1981.
Solomon Indoor Track
When the Cabot Center opened in 1954 the building included a dirt floor track & field facility, not uncommon at the time. Now known as the Solomon Indoor Track, the facilities have undergone a number of renovations, including the installation of a 120-yard banked track in 1971, followed by the installation of a flat rubber surface track. In 2008 the facilities were revamped once again, installing an embedded granule track featuring four-lane straightaways, two-lane ovals, and a pole vault pit. Additionally, a turf infield has been included to allow training by many of the University's sports teams. This track is also named for Bernard "Bunny" Solomon as well as his wife, Jolane.
Barletta Natatorium
The Barletta Natatorium features a 6 lane 25-yard indoor swimming pool that is home to the Northeastern Swimming & Diving team. Dedicated on January 14, 1969, the pool facility is named in memory of members of the Barletta family and seats over 500 fans.
Other facilities
The facility also offers racquetball courts, a swim center, workout facilities and other modern athletic amenities.
See also
List of NCAA Division I basketball arenas
References
Sports venues in Boston
College basketball venues in the United States
Indoor arenas in Massachusetts
Basketball venues in Massachusetts
Northeastern University buildings
School buildings completed in 1954
Cabot Center
Sports venues completed in 1954
|
4009422
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20Grants%20Commission
|
University Grants Commission
|
University Grants Commission may refer to:
University Grants Commission (Bangladesh)
University Grants Commission (India)
University Grants Commission (Nepal)
University Grants Commission (Sri Lanka)
See also
University Grants Committee (disambiguation)
Higher Education Commission (disambiguation)
|
4009428
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20L.%20Thornton
|
John L. Thornton
|
John Lawson Thornton (born January 2, 1954) is an American businessman and professor and director of the Global Leadership Program at Tsinghua University in Beijing. He is also executive chairman of Barrick Gold Corporation and non-executive chairman of PineBridge Investments. Thornton stepped down as co-president of Goldman Sachs in 2003.
Early life and education
Thornton is the son of John V. Thornton, former vice chairman of the Consolidated Edison Company, and Edna Lawson Thornton, a lawyer. He attended the Hotchkiss School, and later served as President of the school's Board of Trustees.
Thornton received a Bachelor of Arts in history from Harvard College in 1976, a Bachelor of Arts in jurisprudence (promoted by seniority to Master of Arts) from St John's College, Oxford in 1978, which qualified him as a lawyer, and a master's degree in public and private management (MPPM) from the Yale School of Management in 1980. He was awarded an honorary doctorate from the Bank Street College of Education in 2003. Thornton was fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2007 and an honorary fellow of St. John's College, Oxford University in 2009.
Career
Thornton joined Goldman Sachs in 1980. In 1983, he founded Goldman Sachs' European mergers and acquisitions business. He served as co-CEO of Goldman Sachs International in London from 1995 to 1996. Thornton was Chairman of Goldman Sachs Asia from 1996 to 1998, where he expanded the firm's regional franchise during the Asian financial crisis. He became co-president of Goldman Sachs in 1999. When then-CEO Henry Paulson delayed his retirement and Thornton's expected promotion, Thornton left Goldman Sachs in 2003 and became a professor at Tsinghua University in Beijing. Thornton is the first non-Chinese full professor at Tsinghua University since 1949. Thornton did not speak any Chinese languages at the time of his appointment. The New York Times reported that Thornton's Goldman exit “was not met with resistance from senior management”.
Thornton was non-executive chairman at Laura Ashley, the British fashion retailer, between 1995 and 2002.
Thornton joined the board of directors for Ford Motor Company in 1996. William Clay Ford, Jr. – then CEO and chairman at Ford – had been friends with Thornton since their prep school days together at The Hotchkiss School. Their personal ties came under "sharp scrutiny" when William Clay Ford, Jr., received 400,000 shares in Goldman Sachs's 1999 IPO, the largest individual award of that IPO by a large margin. In 2002, an escalating series of investigations and congressional hearings revealed that Goldman Sachs had “spun hot IPO shares to preferred clients”, mostly CEOs, as "an inducement to win investment banking business" from those clients. Goldman Sachs collected $87 million in investment fees from Ford Motor Company between 1996 and 2002. A board ethics whistle-blower described Goldman's role in the bank's activities with Ford as being "the umpire and pitcher in the same game". Thornton remains a member of Ford's compensation, finance and nominating and governance committees and is the longest serving independent director of Ford. Thornton played a significant role in helping Ford survive the financial crisis.
In 2005, Thornton became the founding chairman of the Nelson Mandela Legacy Trust in the United States.
In December 2008, Thornton became a board member at HSBC and stepped down in 2013. Thornton has also served on the Boards of Intel, ICBC, China Unicom, IMG, BSkyB, DirectTV, News Corp. and on the advisory board of McKinsey.
Thornton was appointed to the board of Barrick Gold in May, 2012 and became Executive Chairman of Barrick Gold in 2014. In May 2017, the government of Tanzania accused Acacia Mining, a subsidiary of Barrick Gold, of “under-reporting its gold exports by a factor of ten”. The investigation revealed that copper and silver were also under-reported, and sulfur, iron, iridium, titanium and zinc were present, but not accounted for. The Tanzanian government then imposed a ban on the export of gold and copper concentrates. The accusation and ban halved Acacia's market value. In October 2017, Thornton met with John Magufuli, then president of Tanzania, for six hours, emerging with a preliminary deal that included a $300 million payment for back taxes from Acacia to the Tanzanian government, as well as the Tanzanian government taking a 16% stake in Acacia's mines. Thornton reportedly did not tell Acacia the terms of the proposal until after the deal was announced, even though Acacia, not Barrick, would be responsible for the payment. Shortly after Thornton's deal with Magufuli was announced, Acacia's top executives – CEO Brad Gordon, CFO Andrew Wray and COO Mark Morcombe, under whose tenure relations with the Tanzanian government had deteriorated – resigned. The resolution allowed Acacia and Barrick to resume operations in Tanzania. In January 2020, Barrick formalized a joint venture with the Tanzanian government covering the North Mata, Bulyanhulu and Buzwagi mines.
On September 24, 2018, Barrick Gold announced plans to acquire London-listed Randgold Resources in a transformational deal valued at more than $6.5 billion. The merger solidified Barrick's position as one of the world's largest gold mining companies, with proven and probable reserves of 78 million ounces of gold and dominant land positions in many of the world's major gold producing regions. Thornton led the all-stock, nil-premium merger, which earned the support of more than 95% of the shareholders of both companies.
In February 2019, Barrick Gold announced a hostile $19 billion bid to acquire Newmont Mining Corporation, an American company based in Denver, Colorado. Newmont's board unanimously rejected the offer, describing Barrick's “egocentric proposal” as “designed to transfer value from Newmont shareholders to Barrick's”. Newmont CEO Gary Goldberg said, “[O]ne of the major factors that hindered Barrick's ability to create value in the past remains the same... John Thornton is still firmly in control.” Newmont later reversed this position and agreed to enter into a joint venture with Barrick in Nevada.
In August 2020, Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway disclosed that it had purchased 20.9 million shares of Barrick Gold, a position valued at $563.5 million by the end of the second quarter of 2020. Just three months later in February 2021, Berkshire Hathaway sold its entire Barrick Gold stake.
Thornton currently serves as Chair Emeritus of The Brookings Institution and Co-Chair of the Asia Society. In addition to these academic and research affiliations, Thornton has also authored forewords for three books, including "Social Ethics in a Changing China", "China in 2020" and "Democracy is a Good Thing".
Interest in China
Thornton's interest in China stretches to at least November 1997, when Goldman Sachs assisted China Telecom with its $4.2 billion IPO, one of the first international listings of a Chinese state-owned company. By the time Thornton left his position at Goldman, the bank had become the lead underwriter for major Chinese state-owned companies.
Thornton joined the board of trustees of the Brookings Institution in May 2000, and became chairman in June 2003. Brookings established the John L. Thornton China Center in 2006 with an initial $12.5 million donation from John Thornton. The center has offices in Washington and Beijing and provides recommendations to decision makers in China and the West. In November 2018, Thornton stepped down as board chair and became chair emeritus.
In 2009, he became an inaugural member of the International Advisory Council of the Chinese sovereign wealth fund China Investment Corporation.
Thornton was a senior consultant for the Confucius Institute.
Thornton was an original member of the Schwarzman Scholars board of trustees, founded in 2013 by Stephen A. Schwarzman. Thornton's son, J. R. Thornton, was named a Schwarzman Scholar in 2017.
In September 2017, Thornton helped arrange a meeting between Steve Bannon and Wang Qishan, Thornton's friend and former head of the China Construction Bank and the current Vice President of the People's Republic of China, at the Communist Party's Zhongnanhai headquarters a few weeks after Bannon was forced out of his advisory role in President Donald Trump's administration. Bannon, also a former Goldman employee, has described Thornton as a friend and mentor.
Thornton, alongside Secretary of Treasury, Steve Mnuchin, and US Trade Representative Ambassador Robert Lighthizer, served as one of the architects of Phase I of the US-China trade deal. US President Donald Trump's ally and Palm Beach neighbor, Thornton has represented the United States during the trade war escalations of Trump's four-year term, including in a closed-door meeting in 2018 with Vice-Premier Liu He and the international advisory board of China's sovereign wealth fund.
In September 2021, George Soros, Hungarian-Born American investor and philanthropist, criticized Thornton in a The Wall Street Journal opinion editorial, saying that Thornton's work to funnel U.S. investment dollars to China "imperils the national security interests of the U.S. and other democracies because the money invested in China will help prop up President Xi's regime, which is repressive at home and aggressive abroad".
Interest in Mongolia
Over his career, Thornton has built relationships with leaders of countries in which his current and former companies have conducted business. Some of these relationships include American President Donald Trump, Chinese President Xi Jinping, Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull, South African President Nelson Mandela, Mongolian President Nambaryn Enkhbayar, Congolese President Félix Tshisekedi and Tanzanian President John Magufuli. Thornton developed a friendship with Enkhbayar, who was arrested in April 2012 by Mongolia's anti-corruption commission after being accused of misuse of state property while in office. Thornton played a key role in a campaign led by Senator Dianne Feinstein (D-CA) to gain international support for Enkhbayar, who had been convicted by a government court in August 2012. Senator Feinstein took the position that due process of law had not been followed in Enkhbayar's trial. Enkhbayar was released and pardoned by the new President of Mongolia
Recognition
In 2007, Institutional Investor Magazine named John Thornton one of forty individuals who have had the greatest influence in shaping global financial markets over the past forty years. He received the 2009 Intercollegiate Tennis Association (ITA) Achievement Award, which every year honors one past participant in collegiate tennis who has made unique contributions to society as well as achieving excellence in their careers.
Thornton appeared on the National Post's 2017 Power List of the most influential people shaping Canadian business. The newspaper noted Thornton has "overseen a massive overhaul at Toronto-based Barrick" following which the company "has shed billions of dollars of debt and generated excellent financial results."
In 2008, he was awarded the Friendship Award of the People's Republic of China, the highest honor accorded to a non-Chinese citizen. The Chinese government also named him as one of fifteen 'foreign experts' who have made the most significant contribution to China's development over the past three decades.
Personal life
Thornton is married to Margaret Bradham Thornton; they have four children.
In 2011, The Wall Street Journal reported on the vast water consumption of wealthy Palm Beach residents during exceptional drought conditions. Thornton was listed as a top-five water user, having consumed 8,698,492 gallons between June 2010 and May 2011. The average Palm Beach resident consumes 108,000 gallons per year.
References
1954 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Oxford
American corporate directors
American money managers
Ford people
Goldman Sachs people
Hotchkiss School alumni
Harvard College alumni
HSBC people
Intel people
Members of the Council on Foreign Relations
News Corporation people
Pacific Century Group
Tsinghua University faculty
Yale School of Management alumni
Yale Law School alumni
Barrick Gold
|
4009431
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasi-phase-matching
|
Quasi-phase-matching
|
Quasi-phase-matching is a technique in nonlinear optics which allows a positive net flow of energy from the pump frequency to the signal and idler frequencies by creating a periodic structure in the nonlinear medium. Momentum is conserved, as is necessary for phase-matching, through an additional momentum contribution corresponding to the wavevector of the periodic structure. Consequently, in principle any three-wave mixing process that satisfies energy conservation can be phase-matched. For example, all the optical frequencies involved can be collinear, can have the same polarization, and travel through the medium in arbitrary directions. This allows one to use the largest nonlinear coefficient of the material in the nonlinear interaction.
Quasi-phase-matching ensures that there is positive energy flow from the pump frequency to signal and idler frequencies even though all the frequencies involved are not phase locked with each other. Energy will always flow from pump to signal as long as the phase between the two optical waves is less than 180 degrees. Beyond 180 degrees, energy flows back from the signal to the pump frequencies. The coherence length is the length of the medium in which the phase of pump and the sum of idler and signal frequencies are 180 degrees from each other. At each coherence length the crystal axes are flipped which allows the energy to continue to positively flow from the pump to the signal and idler frequencies.
The most commonly used technique for creating quasi-phase-matched crystals has been periodic poling. More recently, continuous phase control over the local nonlinearity was achieved using nonlinear metasurfaces with homogeneous linear optical properties but spatially varying effective nonlinear polarizability. Optical fields are strongly confined within or surround the nanostructures, nonlinear interactions can therefore be realized with an ultra-small area down to 10 nm to 100 nm and can be scattered in all directions to produce more frequencies. Thus, relaxed phase matching can be achieved at the nanoscale dimension.
Mathematical description
In nonlinear optics, the generation of other frequencies is the result of the nonlinear polarization response of the crystal due to fundamental pump frequency. When the crystal axis is flipped, the polarization wave is shifted by 180°, thus ensuring that there is a positive energy flow to the signal and idler beam. In the case of sum-frequency generation, polarization equation can be expressed by
where is the nonlinear susceptibility coefficient, in which the sign of the coefficient is flipped when the crystal axis is flipped, and represents the imaginary unit.
Development of signal amplitude
The following mathematical description assumes a constant pump amplitude. The signal wavelength can be expressed as a sum over the number of domains that exist in the crystal. In general the rate of change of the signal amplitude is
where is the generated frequency amplitude and is the pump frequency amplitude and is the phase mismatch between the two optical waves. The refers to the nonlinear susceptibility of the crystal.
In the case of a periodically poled crystal the crystal axis is flipped by 180 degrees in every other domain, which changes the sign of . For the domain can be expressed as
where is the index of the poled domain. The total signal amplitude can be expressed as a sum
where is the spacing between poles in the crystal. The above equation integrates to
and reduces to
The summation yields
Multiply above equation both sides by a factor of
Adding both equation leads to the relation
Solving for gives
which leads to
The total intensity can be expressed by
For the case of the right part of the above equation is undefined so the limit needs to be taken when by invoking L'Hôpital's rule.
Which leads to the signal intensity
In order to allow different domain widths, i.e. , for , the above equation becomes
With the intensity becomes
This allows quasi-phase-matching to exist at different domain widths .
From this equation it is apparent, however, that as the quasi-phase match order increases, the efficiency decreases by . For example, for 3rd order quasi-phase matching only a third of the crystal is effectively used for the generation of signal frequency, as a consequence the amplitude of the signal wavelength only third of the amount of amplitude for same length crystal for 1st order quasi-phase match.
Calculation of domain width
The domain width is calculated through the use of Sellmeier equation and using wavevector relations. In the case of DFG this relationship holds true , where are the pump, signal, and idler wavevectors, and . By calculating for the different frequencies, the domain width can be calculated from the relationship .
Orthogonal quasi-phase-matching
This method enables the generation of high-purity hyperentangled two-photon state. In orthogonal quasi-phase matching (OQPM), a thin-layered crystal structure is combined with periodic poling along orthogonal directions. By combining periodic down- conversion of orthogonally polarized photons along with periodic poling that corrects the phase mismatch, the structure self corrects for longitudinal walkoff (delay) as it happens and before it accumulates. The superimposed spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) radiation of the superlattice creates high-purity two-photon entangled state.
References
Nonlinear optics
Second-harmonic generation
|
4009435
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason%20Liebrecht
|
Jason Liebrecht
|
Ernesto Jason Liebrecht is an American voice actor who voices for a number of English versions of Japanese anime series and video games produced by Funimation/OkraTron 5000 and ADV Films. Some of his major roles include Lavi and the Millennium Earl in the D.Gray-man series, Tapion in Dragon Ball Z: Wrath of the Dragon, Syaoran in Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle and Cardcaptor Sakura: Clear Card, Rob Lucci in the Funimation dub of One Piece, Akira Takizawa in Eden of the East, Train Heartnet in Black Cat, Hei in Darker than Black, Larcade Dragneel in the final season of Fairy Tail, Dabi in My Hero Academia, Vulcan Joseph in Fire Force, Hiroto Suwa in Orange, Yato in Noragami, Mars in Black Clover and Zeke Yeager in Attack on Titan.
Biography
Liebrecht had a leading role in the indie film Home about which the Philadelphia City Paper said "The performances are uniformly strong, especially from winsome leads Liebrecht and Nicol Zanzarella," and for which he was nominated for best actor at the Trenton Film Festival. He also had a minor role (as Hey Now Kid) in David Byrne's film True Stories. He made a cameo as one of the "gang of four" in the indie film, Waking Life and is scheduled to play Jerry in the New York City premiere of Karla, a play by Steve Earle. He is a member of the Rude Mechs and was nominated for The Austin Critics' Table Awards "Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy" for his performance in their production of Lipstick Traces.
Filmography
Anime
Animation
Film
Live-action
Video games
References
External links
Official agency profile
Jason Liebrecht at the Crystal Acids English Voice Actor & Production Staff Database
1973 births
Living people
American male film actors
American male stage actors
American male video game actors
American male voice actors
American people of Chilean descent
Hispanic and Latino American male actors
Male actors from Austin, Texas
|
4009454
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pareo
|
Pareo
|
A pāreu or pareo is a wraparound skirt worn on Tahiti or other Pacific islands. The term was originally used only for women's skirts, as men wore a loincloth, called a maro. Nowadays the term is used for any cloth worn wrapped around the body by men and women.
The pareo is related to the Malay sarong, Filipino malong, tapis and patadyong, Samoan lavalava, Tongan tupenu and other such garments of the Pacific islands.
Name
In contemporary Tahitian the garment is called pāreu (singular: te pāreu, plural: te mau pāreu), with the pronunciation of the word with a long a (hold the sound for two beats rather than just one) and the e and u pronounced separately, rather than slurred into a diphthong: [pɑːreu].
It is not clear where the variant pareo comes from. It might be an old dialectic variant or an early explorers' misinterpretation. But both terms were already used in the 19th century (the Dutch geographic magazine De Aarde en haar Volken of 1887 had a few South-seas articles, some of them using pāreu, others pareo). Nowadays, however, pareo can be considered as the English-language form of the word (plural pareos), much less likely subject to mispronunciation.
Styles
The Tahitian pāreu are among the most colourful and bright of the Pacific. Originally flower patterns, the hibiscus flowers in particular, or traditional tapa patterns, were printed in bright colours on a cotton sheet of about 90 or 120 cm wide and 180 cm long. Nowadays they are also made in Tahiti itself and dye painting with varying colours is popular as well.
A pāreu can be worn in many ways. Women will usually wrap it around their upper body, covering it from breasts to above the knees. Either they rely on their breasts for it not to slide down, or they may wrap a corner around their shoulder or their neck. In more traditional surroundings the covering of the upper body is less important, but the covering of the thighs is. Then it is worn as a longer skirt. Men wear it as a short skirt, or may even make shorts out of it, especially when fishing or working in the bush where freedom of movement of the legs is needed. But during quiet, cooler nights at home, they may wear it as a long skirt too.
The ends of the pāreu are normally tied in a knot to keep it in place.
External links
Tropic Monoi "pareo hand painting"
Polynesian clothing
Skirts
Dresses
Cook Islands culture
Tahitian culture
History of Oceanian clothing
|
4009458
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warrion%2C%20Victoria
|
Warrion, Victoria
|
Warrion is a village in south west Victoria, Australia. Its buildings include a motor vehicle and farm equipment workshop, the Ti Tree Hotel, a church, a fire brigade station manned by volunteers and a community hall. Warrion sits at the foot of Warrion Hill. At the , Warrion had a population of 198.
There are a number of early and important references (see below) to first contact with local aboriginal inhabitants.
Warrion Post Office opened on 24 August 1875 and closed in 1976.
The general store was owned throughout the 1950s by George Glover and his wife, Rosie. The Glovers drove a Holden panel van and sold home-made lunchtime pies to schools across the district. Mr Glover sold the pies from a pie warmer from the rear tailgate. His wife, Rosie, sat on the tailgate dispensing tomato sauce for a penny a serve. The Glovers sold meat, fish, vegetable, apple and apricot pies.
Main rural industries included cropping of peas and onions, and dairy farming. Warrion has important groundwater resources which are used widely in local farming activities. Farming families included Leahy, Carroll, Kerr, Hay, Cowley, De Lorenzo, Monaco and Illett.
In recent years, farms have been absorbed into larger landholdings, with an associated decline in rural population. Underground water storage is depleted due to incessant irrigation from large capacity bores on huge dairy farms.
The historic stone walls have recently been roughly plundered without consideration for heritage or visual appeal. The walls have been bulldozed and transported for sale into metropolitan landscaping businesses by some local large dairy farming enterprises.
Warrion Oval
The Warrion recreation reserve is managed by the Warrion Recreation Reserve Committee. The Victorian Cricket Association have scheduled the occasional Premier grade cricket match at the Warrion Oval since 2006, attracting several well-known Australian cricketers as well as large crowds.
The oval was home to the Warrion Football Club, which used to compete in the Colac & District Football League until the team disbanded at the end of 1985. The team won the 1938 and 1952 premierships. Curator Eric Hay is renowned across the state for the high quality outfields and turf wickets he produces. A turf wicket was first put in place in 1980 and is regarded as one of the best regional cricketing facilities in Victoria.
Warrion Cricket Club
The Warrion Cricket Club is one steeped in history since its formation in the late 1880s. The club now competes in the Colac District Cricket Association. Its first premiership came in the late 1970s before the club entered its golden era of the 1980s and 1990s when it regularly competed in finals. The club's most recent premiership came in the 2009-10 season when it defeated the Alvie Cricket Club at the Warrion recreation reserve. Jarrod Stinchombe was named man of the match taking four wickets in a commanding win under the guidance of Ray Barrow. The club has produced several district cricketers including Gavin Holland (Richmond) and Phillip Lang (North-Melbourne - Geelong). The club currently fields three Senior teams and Junior teams.
References
External links
Victorian Department of Primary Industry publication describing Warrion Hill.
Victorian Department of Primary Industries report on groundwater in Warrion area.
Records of early conflict between white settlers and indigenous population.
First Settlers experience of the district
Gallery
Towns in Victoria (Australia)
|
4009463
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chucking
|
Chucking
|
Chucking may refer to:
Throwing (cricket), the act of illegally bowling in cricket
Vomiting
Chucking (musical technique) e.g. with string instruments, the muting of the chord, see Chop chord
Chucking (workpiece on machine tools) e.g. on screw-making machines, see Screw machine#Automatic chucking_machine
|
4009467
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew%20Josephson
|
Matthew Josephson
|
Matthew Josephson (February 15, 1899 – March 13, 1978) was an American journalist and author of works on nineteenth-century French literature and American political and business history of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Josephson popularized the term "robber baron".
Biography
He was born in Brooklyn, New York on February 15, 1899, to Jewish immigrant parents Julius and Sarah (née Kasindorf) Josephson. His father was from Iasi, Romania and his mother from Rostov-na-Donu, Russia. Julius Josephson was a printer who became a bank president before his death in 1925. Matthew Josephson graduated from Columbia University and married Hannah Geffen in 1920. They lived in Europe in the 1920s. His wife, librarian of the American Academy of Arts and Letters and an author in her own right, worked closely with her husband on various projects throughout their careers. In 1945 she and Malcolm Cowley edited Aragon, Poet of the Resistance. Matthew and Hannah Josephson collaborated on Al Smith: Hero of the Cities in 1969. They had two sons, Eric and Carl.
Initially Josephson wrote poetry, published in Galimathias (1923), and reported for various "little magazines." He became associate editor of Broom: An International Magazine of the Arts (1922–24) and contributing editor of Transition (1928–29). Josephson was also a regular contributor to The New Republic, The Nation, The New Yorker, and the Saturday Evening Post.
Josephson's first biographies were Zola and His Time (1928) and Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1932). Influenced by Charles A. Beard and the Depression, and with only one major exception, Stendhal: or the Pursuit of Happiness (1946), Josephson changed his focus of interest from literature to economic history when he published The Robber Barons in 1934. This was followed by more full-length works in which Josephson served as a spokesman for intellectuals of his generation who were dissatisfied with the social and political status quo.
Josephson wrote two memoirs, Life Among the Surrealists (1962) and Infidel in the Temple (1967). He died on March 13, 1978, at the Community Hospital in Santa Cruz, California.
Legacy
Josephson's collected papers are in the Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University.
Bibliography
Galimathias (1923)
Zola and His Time (1928, biography)
Portrait of the Artist as American (1930)
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1932, biography)
Nazi Culture: The Brown Darkness Over Germany, John Day (1933)
The Robber Barons: The Great American Capitalists (1934)
The Politicos (1938, essay)
The President Makers: The Culture of Politics and Leadership in an Age of Enlightenment 1896–1919 (1940)
Victor Hugo (1942, biography)
Empire of the Air: Juan Trippe and the Struggle for World Airways (1943)
Stendhal (1946, biography)
Sidney Hillman (1952, biography)
Union House Union Bar: The History of the Hotel & Restaurant Employees and Bartenders International Union, AFL-CIO (1956, nonfiction)
Edison (1959, biography)
Life Among the Surrealists (1962, memoir)
Infidel in the Temple: a memoir of the 1930s (1967, memoir)
The Money Lords, The Great Finance Capitalists, 1925–1950 (1972, nonfiction)
Al Smith: Hero of the Cities; a Political Portrait Drawing on the Papers of Frances Perkins (1969)
References
David E. Shi, Matthew Josephson: Bourgeois Bohemian (1981).
External links
Matthew Josephson Papers. Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.
1899 births
1978 deaths
20th-century American poets
20th-century American biographers
American male biographers
20th-century American historians
American male journalists
American people of Romanian-Jewish descent
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
Jewish American historians
Journalists from New York City
20th-century American memoirists
Columbia College (New York) alumni
Historians of the United States
Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters
Musicians from Brooklyn
20th-century American musicians
American male poets
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American Jews
|
4009468
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gopherus
|
Gopherus
|
Gopherus is a genus of fossorial tortoises commonly referred to as gopher tortoises. The gopher tortoise is grouped with land tortoises that originated 60 million years ago, in North America. A genetic study has shown that their closest relatives are in the Asian genus Manouria.
The gopher tortoises live in the southern United States from California's Mojave Desert across to Florida, and in parts of northern Mexico. Gopher tortoises are so named because of some species' habit of digging large, deep burrows (gophers are small terrestrial burrowing rodents). Most notably, Gopherus polyphemus digs burrows which can be up to in length and in depth. These burrows are used by a variety of other species, including mammals, other reptiles, amphibians, and birds. Gopher tortoises are in length, depending on the species. All six species are found in xeric habitats. Numerous extinct species are known, the oldest dating to the Priabonian stage of the Late Eocene of the United States.
Species
In July 2011, researchers decided on the basis of DNA, and morphological and behavioral data that the Sonoran and Mojave populations of the desert tortoise, G. agassizii were distinct species. This newly described species was named G. morafkai, or the Morafka's desert tortoise. The acceptance of G. morafkai reduced the range of G. agassizii by about 70% In 2016, based on a large-scale genetic analysis, ecological and morphological data, researchers proposed a split between the Sonoran and Sinaloan populations. This southernmost member of the Gopherus genus was named G. evgoodei. As such, there are currently six recognized species in the genus Gopherus:
Extant
Listed alphabetically by binomial name:
Fossil
Members of Gopherus that became extinct in the late Pleistocene:
Gopherus donlaloi (Reynoso and Montellano-Ballesteros, 2004)
Gopherus depressus
Gopherus hexagonatus (Cope, 1893) Late Pliocene-Late Pleistocene, large sized species, with carapaces over a metre (3.3 ft) in length.
Breeding
Gopher tortoises usually mate during April and May. The female will then choose either a sunny spot nearby or a sandy mound in front of her burrow to lay between 3 and 15 eggs. The eggs then hatch from 70 to 100 days later. Once hatched, the baby tortoises spend most of their time in their mother's burrow until they learn to dig their own burrow. They do not reach maturity until they are around 10 to 15 years old. Gopher tortoises have an abbreviated mating season in early spring, when male tortoises visit the female tortoise' burrows and mate with them.
Diet
Gopher tortoises are mainly herbivores that feed on low growing plant life. Their diet consists mostly of grasses and legumes but they will also feed on small berries and fruits.
The diet of tortoises contain excess salt, sodium, chloride, and potassium that must be purged from the body, and drinking free standing water, even if only once or a few times each year, is essential for this function and for tortoise survival. Opportunities for gopher tortoises to drink water vary greatly between the species in the genus. Gopherus agassizii live in extremely arid areas that can receive as little as 10–20 cm. per year. Gopherus polyphemus live in mesic habitat, where water is availability and evaporative loss is less problematic. Other species live in intermediate environments where a few weeks of rain typically occur twice per year, or where relatively consistent summer rains occur. When pools of rain water or saturated soils are available tortoises will direct their heads face down and submerge their face to a level just below the eyes and drink copiously. Reptiles modify urine and plasma concentrations in their bodies with their bladder, cloaca, and colon, rather than the kidneys. The bladder plays a major function in regulating blood osmolality: permeable to ammonia, urea, water, and small ions, but not uric acid. This permeability allows tortoises that are hibernating, or living in arid environments without drinking water for months at a time to store uric acid, but resorb water from the bladder. Tortoises react to dry periods by retreating to shelters (burrows, caves etc.) with more humid microhabitats, and remaining inactive. Gopher tortoises can survive a year of drought through both behavior and physiological adaptations, two years of drought can result in deteriorating body conditions, and extended years of drought will produce high mortalities of gopher tortoises.
There are many observations of Gopherus eating non-vegetation food items. Documented examples include a variety of bones, snail shells, soil at mineral licks, charcoal, sand, stones, human trash, carrion, raptor pellets and various animals feces. Gopherus polyphemus studies observed specimens moving bones into their burrows and found the fourth most common matter in their scats was insect material. The exact reasons are not entirely understood, some cases might simply be due to accidentally ingesting materials near food items or sampling potential foods. Hypotheses concerning the consumption of animal matter by Gopherus include supplements for the low levels of calcium, phosphorus, or protein in their diet, and a need for calcium carbonate in bones, the production of eggshells in females, and growing young. Hypotheses on the consumption of nonfood items such as soil or rocks include mastication or vermifuge for the removal of parasites.
Conservation
Populations of all six species of Gopherus have declined dramatically. In the past, gopher tortoises were hunted for their meat, which was used in stews. Currently the most significant threat to their survival is habitat destruction, but the pet trade and collisions with vehicles have also taken their toll. To help decrease gopher tortoise death due to collisions with vehicles, the US Department of Transportation in Mississippi has recently placed angled fences along the road side to keep tortoise from wandering onto the highways near their habitats. On November 9, 2009, the US Fish and Wildlife Service proposed rulemaking to include the eastern population of the gopher tortoise, Gopherus polyphemus, in the List of Threatened Wildlife. In 2018, the IUCN Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group recommended a re-assessment and re-classification of all six Gopherus species This reclassification would move G. agassizii from Vulnerable (VU) to Critically Endangered (CR), G. berlandieri from Near Endangered (NE) to Near Threatened (NT), G. evgoodei from Near Endangered (NE) to Vulnerable (VU), G. flavomarginatus from Vulnerable (VU) to Critically Endangered (CR), G. morafkai from Near Endangered (NE) to Vulnerable (VU) and G. polyphemus from Vulnerable (VU) to Endangered (EN).
Gallery
References
Bibliography
External links
Gopher Tortoise Council
The Gopher Tortoise Organization
Turtle genera
Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.