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4009472
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioseven
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Radioseven
|
Radioseven was a Swedish Internet radio station, operated by the non-profit association Seven Broadcasting. Radioseven was concentrated on broadcasting mainly dance music, with appearances of live program hosts during peak hours. It stopped broadcasting in April 2017.
The station, originally named 7UP-Radio, started broadcasting on August 8, 1999. It was a young Swede named Patrick Westerlund, who together with friends he had met on the IRC network DALnet, started the radio as a hobby project. Over the years the station has striven to become more serious and professional. Some of these steps are the renaming of 7UP-Radio to Radioseven in February 2002, and the establishment of the non-profit association Seven Broadcasting.
During the autumn of 2005, Seven Broadcasting launched two new online radio stations: the house and trance oriented Mysteria: The Club Experience, and ICE playing mostly hip hop and modern R'n'B. These two stations had to be shut down after about six months due to high license fees and the limited economic resources of Seven Broadcasting.
Radioseven has for several years been a partner of the LAN party Dreamhack. During Dreamhack Winter in 2006, the station broadcast over FM for the first time and could be heard all over Jönköping where Dreamhack is held, on 107.0 MHz.
It was closed in 2017 because they did not have money.
The magazine Internetworld ranked Radioseven's website as one of the 100 best in Sweden during 2004 and 2005 . In 2006, The Swedish Radio Academy awarded its Special Award to Radioseven.
References
"Radiosevens historia" at www.radioseven.se, Retrieved on 2006-10-13.
Arvidsson, Henrik. "Datorn är den nya radion", Dagens Nyheter, 2006-12-02. Retrieved on 2006-10-20.
External links
RadioSeven online with Flash Player
Radioseven
Seven Broadcasting
Radio stations established in 1999
Radio stations disestablished in 2017
Internet radio stations
1999 establishments in Sweden
2017 disestablishments in Sweden
Defunct mass media in Sweden
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4009473
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shawn%20Sides
|
Shawn Sides
|
Shawn Sides is a co-producing artistic director of Rude Mechanicals alongside fellow actress (and also fellow artistic director in the same troupe) Lana Lesley (incidentally, both Sides and Lesley also appeared in Nadia: The Secret of Blue Water.) She is also an American voice actress notable for the work she did for ADV Films now-defunct Monster Island Studio in Austin, Texas from 1998 through 2005.
Filmography
Anime roles
801 T.T.S. Airbats - Sakura Saginomiya
Adventures of Kotetsu - Miho Kuon
Devil Lady - Jun Fudou/Devil Lady
Final Fantasy: Unlimited - Lisa Pacifist
Happy Lesson - Fumitsuki Nanakorobi
Lost Universe - Merina
Magical Play - Ketchup
Magical Play 3D - Ketchup
My Dear Marie - Human Marie
Nadia: The Secret of Blue Water - King
Nadia of the Mysterious Seas - King (Flashback Scenes)
Petite Princess Yucie - Chawoo (Chow)
Wedding Peach - Marilyn
Zone of the Enders - Additional voices
Zone of the Enders: Idolo - Additional voices
Video Game roles
DC Universe Online - Fire
References
External links
Rude Mechanicals Home Page
American video game actresses
American voice actresses
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
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4009478
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thurman%20%22Fum%22%20McGraw
|
Thurman "Fum" McGraw
|
Thurman "Fum" McGraw (July 17, 1927 – September 13, 2000) was an American football player and college athletics administrator. He played college football at Colorado A&M (now known as Colorado State University) and was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1981.
Biography
McGraw was born in Garden City, Kansas. At Paonia High School, he won four letters in basketball, three each in football and baseball and was the Western Slope heavyweight-boxing champion. Standing 6'5" and weighing 235 lbs., McGraw was fresh from action with the U.S. Marine Corps in World War II when he enrolled at Colorado State University in 1946, when it was known as Colorado A&M. Working diligently at his game, McGraw called upon lessons learned as a boxer and wrestler to fashion himself into a special breed of football player. His arm strength was crushing to opposing players and his agility developed through wrestling served him well when fending off opposing linemen. Colorado A&M finished 2–7 in McGraw's freshman season, but things would change quickly. As a sophomore, McGraw helped his Rams post a 5–4–1 mark, the team's best record in 11 years. Then, in 1948, the Aggies posted upsets over rivals Utah State, Wyoming, BYU and archrival Colorado. The 1949 campaign, McGraw's last as a four-year letterman, saw the Aggies log a 9–1 record marred only by a loss to Wyoming. After graduation, McGraw joined the Detroit Lions and captured Rookie of the Year and All-Pro honors. In 1981, he was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.
While at Colorado State, McGraw was the school's first football All-American in 1949. When he returned to CSU in later years as a staff member, he also served as the athletic director from 1976 to 1986.
References
External links
1927 births
2000 deaths
American football defensive tackles
American football tackles
Colorado State Rams athletic directors
Colorado State Rams football players
Detroit Lions players
College Football Hall of Fame inductees
Western Conference Pro Bowl players
United States Marine Corps personnel of World War II
United States Marines
People from Paonia, Colorado
People from Garden City, Kansas
Players of American football from Colorado
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4009480
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad%20Marienberg
|
Bad Marienberg
|
Bad Marienberg (Westerwald) is a town in the Westerwaldkreis in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, and also the seat of the like-named Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality.
Geography
The community lies in the Westerwald between Limburg and Siegen. From east to west through the town flows the river Nister, which is part of the Sieg drainage basin.
Bad Marienberg’s Stadtteile are Eichenstruth, Langenbach and Zinhain.
History
Middle Ages
In 1048, Bad Marienberg had its first documentary mention. It is likely that this same source gave rise to the name Westerwald, since the area around Bad Marienberg lies directly west of Herborn. In 1258, Marienberg was described as Mons sanctae Mariae. In the 18th century, the formerly separate communities of Obermarienberg, still an easily recognizable ring-shaped settlement around the parish church today, and Untermarienberg grew together.
Marienberg was part of the lordly domain in the Westerwald that was formed out of the three Gerichte (official regions) of Marienberg, Emmerichenhain and Neukirch, and which Count Otto I of Nassau won in 1255 in the Ottonian-Walramian hereditary division. After a further division in 1303, the area passed to Otto’s son Henry III of Nassau-Siegen, making it part of Nassau-Dillenburg. From 1343 to 1561, the overlordship in the Westerwald was then held by the Nassau-Dillenburg-Beilstein branch of the family. After they died out, Count Johann VI of Nassau-Dillenburg ("the Elder") received the inheritance, thereby uniting these German lands – albeit only for a short time.
Modern times
After further territorial exchanges within the Nassau dynasty through inheritances, Marienberg ended up, as part of the Beilstein lordly domain, under Prince William IV’s governance. Once again, in 1742-1743, he succeeded in uniting all Ottonian lands within the Holy Roman Empire. Within the Orange German possessions now ruled from Dillenburg, Marienberg was at the latest by 1783 put under the Amt of Beilstein. The parish of Marienberg counted roughly 450 souls in 1580 and included the villages of Bach, Bölsberg, Eichenstruth, Fehl, Großseifen, Illfurth, Langenbach, Marienberg, Hof, Pfuhl, Ritzhausen, Stockhausen, Unnau and Zinhain. The Counties of Sayn-Hachenburg and Sayn-Altenkirchen both lay only a few kilometres away to the northwest.
Along with the lordly domain of Beilstein, the village fell in 1806 to the Napoleonic Grand Duchy of Berg, in which, in 1808, it was grouped into the Arrondissement of Dillenburg within the Département of Sieg. In 1815, Marienberg went to the Duchy of Nassau. The Amt of Marienberg, which was newly organized in 1816, comprised 43 villages and 20 estates with 1,805 families and 7,085 persons. At the same time, the Amt of Marienberg lay under the jurisdiction of the Dillenburg Criminal Court. In the course of a short-lived administrative reform, Marienberg was annexed in 1849 to the newly founded Landkreis (rural district) of Hachenburg, before the old arrangement was brought back into force in 1854.
In 1866 the Duchy of Nassau passed to Prussia and became, as the Regierungsbezirk of Wiesbaden, part of the province of Hesse-Nassau. With the institution of rural districts after the Prussian model, Marienberg became in 1867 seat of the Oberwesterwaldkreis with the Ämter of Hachenburg, Marienberg and Rennerod. The last went to the newly created Westerburg district (which also got the Amt of Wallmerod as well as a few places from the Amt of Selters from the Unterwesterwaldkreis) in 1885-1886 on the occasion of administrative reform.
Although in 1890 Marienberg had only 707 (mostly Evangelical) inhabitants and was officially said to be a village, it already had a considerable infrastructure at its disposal: the village had a provincial council office (Landratsamt), a court (Landgericht Limburg an der Lahn), a taxation and land registry office, a post and telegraph office, a credit union and an agency for the Nassauische Landesbank. Moreover, there was a tannery in the village, and nearby were brown coal and ironstone mines along with clay pits.
When the district of Westerburg was united with the old Oberwesterwaldkreis to form the new, bigger Oberwesterwaldkreis in 1932, Marienberg lost its function as an administrative seat to Westerburg. Having had town rights conferred on 1 April 1939, Marienberg then belonged to the French occupation zone and was part of the Upper Presidium of Rhineland-Hesse-Nassau.
Since 1947, the town has been part of the Bundesland of Rhineland-Palatinate. On 10 August 1967 the town had the title Bad (literally "bath" – the title means that the town is a recognized spa) bestowed upon it, after already having received the title of Kneipp resort in 1961.
In 1972, Bad Marienberg, along with 17 other Ortsgemeinden was grouped into a Verbandsgemeinde, which today is home to just under 20,000 inhabitants (as of 2007).
Politics
Community council
The council is made up of 23 council members, including the honorary and presiding mayor (Bürgermeister), who were elected in a municipal election on May 25, 2014.
Mayor
The mayor is Sabine Willwacher (SPD), re-elected in 2019.
Willwacher was first elected mayor of the city of Bad Marienberg on May 25, 2014. She is succeeding fellow party member Dankwart Neufurth, who had retired after running the office from 2004-2014.
Town partnerships
The town maintains partnership arrangements with the district seat of Marienberg in the Ore Mountains (Erzgebirge) and with Pagny-sur-Moselle in France.
Parks
Within Bad Marienberg’s town limits is a spa garden with a Kneipp centre and a bandshell where concerts are regularly held in the summer. Adjoining this is a new part of the park with a herb garden and a barefoot course.
Between Bad Marienberg and the outlying centre of Zinhain is the Basaltpark, a disused basalt quarry which is open to the public and laid out with hiking paths, information plaques about the geology, and a museum. Right near the Basaltpark is found the Wildpark Bad Marienberg (wildlife park).
Between Bad Marienberg and Nisterau Bach is the nature reserve of Bacher Lay.
Economy and infrastructure
Economy
Bad Marienberg is home to these worldwide operating companies:
KEMPF Fahrzeugbau
LEBEK International Fashion Group
MENK Apparatebau
Transport
Right near the town runs Bundesstraße 414 leading from Driedorf-Hohenroth to Altenkirchen. The nearest Autobahn interchange is Haiger-Burbach on the A 45 (Dortmund–Gießen), roughly 22 km away.
Bad Marienberg is connected to the Oberwesterwaldbahn railway (Limburg - Au (Sieg)) only by bus. Nistertal-Bad Marienberg station is situated in the village of Nistertal, 6 km away from Bad Marienberg.
The nearest InterCityExpress stop is the railway station at Montabaur on the Cologne-Frankfurt high-speed rail line, which is approximately 30 km away.
The nearest airport is Siegerland Airport about 15 km northeast of Bad Marienberg.
Since Siegerland Airport -as of June 2015- does not offer any scheduled passenger flights, the nearest international airports are Frankfurt and Cologne Bonn Airport, both circa 100 km away.
Media
Near Bad Marienberg, T-Systems runs a transmitter for VHF and television which has a 174-m-high freestanding tubular steel mast. Südwestrundfunk (SWR) sends all four of its radio programmes from here. In the summer of 2008, the switchover from analogue TV transmissions to DVB-T is to be carried out.
Also, the Deutscher Wetterdienst runs a weather station right near this transmission facility in Bad Marienberg.
Europa-Haus
In Bad Marienberg is found the main branch of Europa-Haus of 128 others that have sprung up. It is sponsored through an endowment and serves as an education and meeting place.
Notable residents
Oliver Bimber (born 1973), computer scientist and university teacher
Frank Göbler, (born 1957), German Slavist
Gerhard Roth (born 1933), politician, former member of Landtag (SPD)
Anette Rückes, (born 1951), track and field athlete
Frank Schimmelfennig, (born 1963), political scientist
References
External links
Town of Bad Marienberg
Verbandsgemeinde Bad Marienberg
Europa-Haus Bad Marienberg
Town’s history
Nassau’s territorial development (pdf file)
Historical atlas of Hesse (graphic display)
Westerwaldkreis
Hesse-Nassau
Spa towns in Germany
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4009494
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware%20Field%20House
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Delaware Field House
|
The Delaware Field House is an indoor athletics facility on the campus of the University of Delaware in Newark, Delaware. Constructed in 1966, the venue seated 4,000 fans for indoor track and tennis events. It served as the site of intercollegiate basketball games as well until the completion of the Bob Carpenter Center in mid-1992.
The Field House is part of a complex which includes the new arena, Delaware Stadium (football), Rullo Stadium (field hockey/lacrosse), Bob Hannah Stadium (baseball), an outdoor swimming pool, and six tennis courts.
The arena served as the site of the America East Conference (then North Atlantic Conference) men's basketball tournament championship game in 1992.
In 2010, the University installed solar panels on the half barrel roof of the Field House. In 2013, the Field House was converted into an indoor practice facility with artificial turf for all sports including football.
References
American football venues in Delaware
Athletics (track and field) venues in Delaware
Basketball venues in Delaware
College football venues
College tennis venues in the United States
College indoor track and field venues in the United States
Defunct college basketball venues in the United States
Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens men's tennis venues
Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens women's tennis venues
Tennis venues in Delaware
Sports venues completed in 1966
1966 establishments in Delaware
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4009510
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Stallard
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Mark Stallard
|
Mark Stallard (born 24 October 1974) is an English former professional footballer who last played for Notts County as a striker. He made more than 450 appearances in the Football League between 1991 and 2008, scoring 142 goals.
Career
Derby County
Born in Derby, Stallard began his career as a trainee in the city with Derby County in 1991. He made more than 30 league and cup appearances for Derby and spent short periods on loan at Fulham and Bradford City.
Bradford City
Stallard signed with Bradford on a permanent basis in January 1996 for a transfer fee of £110,000. He scored the second goal during Bradford's 1996 Second Division play-off final victory. A short loan spell at Preston North End in the 1996–97 season was immediately followed by a move away from The Bantams.
Wycombe Wanderers
Stallard fetched £100,000 in his transfer to Wycombe Wanderers in March 1997, where he scored 23 goals in 73 league games.
Notts County
Stallard joined Notts County in March 1999 for a fee of £10,000, where he stayed for almost five years. He scored 66 times in 185 league appearances and was named the club's player of the year and players' player of the year in 2003 after scoring 25 goals as Notts County battled against relegation during the 2002–03 season.
Barnsley
Stallard joined Barnsley in January 2004 but made only 15 appearances, before being allowed to join Chesterfield on loan in September 2004. After three months at Chesterfield, he then re-joined Notts County in February 2005 on loan for the remainder of the 2004–05 season. He was released by Barnsley at the end of the season.
Shrewsbury Town
Stallard joined Shrewsbury Town on a two-year contract in July 2005. He spent only one season at Shrewsbury Town, where he scored six times in 37 league appearances, before leaving the club.
Lincoln City
He joined Lincoln City in July 2006. He had a successful start to the 2006–07 season, scoring seven goals and collecting the League Two Player of the Month award for September 2006. He went on to score 17 goals in 66 league appearances for Lincoln in two seasons, despite his 2007–08 season being interrupted by injury and a three match suspension following a sending off against Rotherham in February 2008.
Mansfield Town
Stallard was one of four players released by Lincoln City at the end of the 2007–08 season, and joined Conference National club Mansfield Town in July 2008, rejecting an offer from Northern Premier League Premier Division outfit Eastwood Town. In December 2008, Stallard was appointed Mansfield's caretaker manager, along with fellow player Adie Moses, after the sacking of Billy McEwan. The pair won two league games before Mansfield appointed David Holdsworth as the new permanent manager.
Corby Town
On 8 July 2009, Stallard joined Conference North outfit Corby Town on a free transfer. In October 2009, Stallard retired from professional football, stating his belief that it was unfair to take a wage from the club when he was no longer performing at their level.
References
External links
1974 births
Living people
Footballers from Derby
English footballers
Association football forwards
English football managers
Derby County F.C. players
Fulham F.C. players
Bradford City A.F.C. players
Preston North End F.C. players
Wycombe Wanderers F.C. players
Notts County F.C. players
Barnsley F.C. players
Chesterfield F.C. players
Shrewsbury Town F.C. players
Lincoln City F.C. players
Mansfield Town F.C. players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
Mansfield Town F.C. managers
Corby Town F.C. players
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4009512
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luke%20Kirby%20%28priest%29
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Luke Kirby (priest)
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Luke Kirby (also spelled Kirbie c. 1549 – 30 May 1582) was an English Catholic priest and martyr from the North of England, executed during the reign of Elizabeth I. He was is one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales.
Early life
Kirby is said to have received his M.A. in England, probably at Cambridge, before converting to Catholicism at Louvain and entering Douai College in 1576. He was ordained a priest at Cambrai in September 1577 and left Rheims for England on 3 May 1578; however, he returned on 15 July and went to Rome. There he took the college oath at the English College, Rome, 23 April 1579. It was in Rome that he met the spy/informer Anthony Munday, who later gave false testimony against him.
Mission
He was chosen to accompany Campion and Ralph Sherwin on their way to England, and the three set out from Rome on 14 April 1580, arriving in Rheims on 31 May. On 16 June he left Rheims with William Hartley. They made the journey to the coast by Douay and Dunkirk on foot.
Arrest
In June 1580, he was arrested on landing at Dover, and committed to the Gatehouse, Westminster. On 4 December, he was transferred to the Tower, where he was subjected to the torture known as the "Scavenger's Daughter" for more than an hour on 9 December. Luke Kirby was tried at the same time as Edmund Campion, on the same charge of treason against the Queen, but his execution was deferred to the following May, and took place immediately after that of William Filby.
Execution
Kirby was condemned on 17 November 1581, and from 2 April until the day he died, he was put in irons. With him at Tyburn died a Jesuit priest, Thomas Cottam, and two seminary priests: Lawrence Richardson and William Filby on 30 May 1582.
All were later beatified equipollently in 1886 by Pope Leo XIII. He was canonized as one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales in 1970.
Legacy and relic
A relic, a corporal, which is housed in the English College in Rome, has the names of five priests. Kirby is one of those names stitched in the cloth.
A book entitled "Blessed Luke Kirby: Priest and Martyr" was written by Michael TH Banks, published nine months before the martyr's eventual canonization.
A portion of a stained glass window in St. Edmund's College, Ware depicts him.
References
1540s births
1582 deaths
English College, Douai alumni
English beatified people
Catholic saints who converted from Protestantism
Converts to Roman Catholicism
English Roman Catholic saints
Forty Martyrs of England and Wales
Martyred Roman Catholic priests
16th-century English Roman Catholic priests
People executed under the Tudors for treason against England
Executed English people
16th-century Christian saints
16th-century Roman Catholic martyrs
People executed under Elizabeth I
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4009513
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha%20Hall%20Findlay
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Martha Hall Findlay
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Martha Hall Findlay (born August 17, 1959) is a Canadian businesswoman, entrepreneur, lawyer and politician from Toronto, Ontario, who was recently president and CEO of the Canada West Foundation, a Calgary-based think tank, and is now senior vice-president and chief sustainability officer with Suncor Energy. Previously, she was elected to the House of Commons of Canada as the Liberal Party of Canada's candidate in the Toronto riding of Willowdale in a federal by-election held on March 17, 2008, to fill a vacancy created by former Liberal MP Jim Peterson's resignation. She was re-elected in the 2008 general election but lost her seat in the 2011 election.
She had previously been the party's candidate for Newmarket—Aurora in the 2004 federal election, losing narrowly to Conservative candidate Belinda Stronach, and the first declared candidate for the Liberal Party leadership election to succeed Paul Martin in 2006. She was also an unsuccessful candidate in the 2013 leadership race.
Early life and career
Born in Toronto, Hall Findlay lived in York Mills, attending the Toronto French School until Grade 8 when she was 13 and her parents separated. She moved with her mother to Thornbury, at the base of the Blue Mountains, east of Owen Sound. She skipped three grades (9, 10 and 11) to enter Grade 12 at Georgian Bay Secondary School in Meaford, and graduated from high school at 15.
Hall Findlay was overall silver medallist in the 1976 Canadian Ski Championship, and was named to the national training squad before retiring from competition to concentrate on her education. She graduated in international relations from the University of Toronto, and in law from Osgoode Hall Law School at York University. Through university, she worked as a waitress, carpenter and ski race coach; while completing law school, she co-owned and operated two retail stores, living above the Yonge St. store.
While in the International Relations Program she married Doug Findlay and, in her second year in 1981, gave birth to her first child, Katie. At Osgoode Hall Law School she had two more children, Everett in '83 and Patrick in '85, receiving her LL.B. in 1987. At the same time her mother went back for her university degree at age 60.
In Hall Findlay's professional career she worked for six years practicing corporate and commercial law at the Toronto offices of international law firm Baker McKenzie (then known as Baker & Mckenzie), served as general counsel and executive for Bell Mobility and Mobility Canada, and later served as vice-president and general counsel for The Rider Group. After moving to Collingwood, Ontario in 1996, she founded The General Counsel Group, a legal and management consulting firm working primarily in the high-tech and telecommunications fields in Canada and Europe. In 2007, she joined the law firm of Gowlings Lafleur Henderson LLP as counsel. After losing her seat in the 2011 election Hall Findlay became the chief legal officer at EnStream LP and an Executive Fellow at the University of Calgary’s School of Public Policy.
Political career
In the 2004 federal election, the presumptive Liberal Party candidate in the riding of Newmarket—Aurora bowed out, not wanting to run for the scandal-plagued Liberal Party. Hall Findlay, still residing in Collingwood, was parachuted into the riding to challenge Conservative candidate Belinda Stronach, a wealthy local executive nationally famous for her candidacy in the Conservative leadership election earlier that year. While Stronach was thought to have a large lead on election night Hall Findlay came within 687 votes of winning the seat. Hall Findlay was dedicated to winning the seat in the next election, she moved to the riding and was acclaimed as the Liberal candidate for the new election. However, on May 17, 2005, Stronach crossed the floor to join the Liberal Party caucus, and Hall Findlay stepped down as the candidate to allow Stronach to run under the Liberal banner. With nominations closed in other Toronto area ridings she was not a candidate in the 2006 election.
2006 Leadership bid
The Liberal Party was defeated in the 2006 election and Paul Martin announced his intentions to step down as leader of the Liberal Party. On February 8, 2006, Hall Findlay became the first declared candidate for the Liberal Party leadership election to succeed Paul Martin. As the lowest profile of the candidates she jokingly referred to herself as "Martha Who Who". Hall Findlay made up for her lack of profile with an ambitious grassroots campaign that also included driving across the country in a motor home, which became known as the "big red bus". She described herself as fiscally conservative, socially progressive and the candidate who could bridge the gap between the Jean Chrétien and Paul Martin factions of the party. Political commentator Chantal Hébert wrote that out of the three women vying for the leadership, former cabinet ministers Carolyn Bennett and Hedy Fry dropped out mid-campaign, Hall Findlay "is the only one who has the necessary language credentials and the presence that front-line politicians are made of." Her two key issues in the race were the environment and health care. She believed that the Kyoto climate change protocol was worth pursuing and favoured private health care, but from a universal, single-tier and publicly funded system. Towards the end of the campaign Hall Findlay was endorsed by York West Member of Parliament Judy Sgro, she was the only member of the Liberal caucus to endorse Hall Findlay's candidacy. Along with Stéphane Dion she also received a newspaper endorsement from the Toronto Sun. Hall Findlay finished last on the first ballot with 2.7% of the vote and threw her support behind eventual winner Dion.
On December 18, 2006, Dion appointed Hall Findlay as the party's platform outreach chair. In her role she traveled across the country engaging Canadians on ideas for the party's election platform.
Willowdale MP
Hall Findlay was appointed as the Liberal candidate in the Toronto riding of Willowdale by Dion in 2007, after Liberal MP Jim Peterson announced he would not seek re-election. Willowdale was considered to be one of the Liberal Party's safest seats in the country and Hall Findlay's victory was almost guaranteed. Only months after announcing he would not seek re-election Peterson resigned from parliament, leading to a by-election to be held on March 17, 2008. Findlay faced Conservative candidate Maureen Harquail, NDP candidate Rini Ghosh, and Green Party candidate Lou Carcasole. On by-election night, Hall Findlay won nearly 60 per cent of the popular vote. Later that year she was re-elected in the general election, though her share of the popular vote fell below 49 per cent.
Dion resigned as Liberal leader in October 2008, following the party's poor showing the general election weeks prior. Hall Findlay was mentioned as a potential candidate for the leadership of the party, but announced in November that she would not be seeking the leadership. Outstanding debt from her leadership bid, as well as from the by-election and general election factored into her reason for not seeking the leadership. In December 2008 leadership candidates Dominic LeBlanc and Bob Rae dropped out of the race and Michael Ignatieff was acclaimed as party leader. Under Dion and Ignatieff she held several important Critic positions in the Official Opposition: Associate Finance; Transport, Infrastructure and Communities; Public Works and Government Services, and International Trade. With the Liberal Party finishing behind the Conservatives and NDP for the first time in the 2011 federal election Hall Findlay was narrowly defeated in her own riding by Conservative Chungsen Leung.
2013 leadership bid
Ignatieff resigned as leader following the party's showing in the 2011 election. Despite her defeat in that election, Hall Findlay made no secret of her interest in seeking the leadership of the party in the 2013 leadership race. However, with outstanding debt from her 2006 leadership bid, Hall Findlay stated that she would not run for leader until that debt was paid off. In October 2012, she announced that she had paid off the remainder of the debt and on November 14, 2012, she announced her candidacy for the leadership of the Liberal Party. While Justin Trudeau was widely viewed as the frontrunner in the race, Hall Findlay was considered among the top-tier of candidates. On April 14, 2013, she lost the leadership election to Montreal MP Justin Trudeau.
In June 2012, as an Executive Fellow with the School of Public Policy at the University of Calgary, Hall Findlay, released a paper that called for an end to the supply management system in Canada's dairy, poultry and egg sectors. At the launch of her leadership bid on November 14, 2012, she stated that with the exception of "some politicians and dairy farmers" the reaction to her proposal to abolish supply management had been "overwhelmingly positive." Hall Findlay also announced she would be releasing policy papers every few weeks of the five month race, her first policy proposal called for a national energy strategy for energy infrastructure.
According to Elections Canada, Hall Findlay's campaign brought in $149,877.45 in donations in the fourth quarter of 2012, originally believed to be second only to Justin Trudeau who brought in $673,156.53. However, a discrepancy involving money raised to pay off her leadership debt from the 2006 races appears to have slid her into third behind Marc Garneau. Hall Findlay's campaign was managed by Stephen Carter, who managed the Calgary Mayoral campaign of Naheed Nenshi and the Alberta PC campaign under leader Alison Redford.
Post-political career
After her 2011 election loss, Hall Findlay moved to Calgary where she became an Executive Fellow with the School of Public Policy at the University of Calgary. From 2011 to 2016, she was also the chief legal officer at EnStream. From 2016 to 2019, Hall Findlay was president and CEO of the Canada West Foundation think tank. In 2020, she joined Suncor as Chief Sustainability Officer.
Community involvement
Hall Findlay has served as an executive of the Alberta radio network CKUA, the Couchiching Institute on Public Affairs, and the Georgian Bay Association. She is a past president of the Pointe au Baril Islanders' Association and the Georgian Peaks Club, and was an active member of the York Region Community Foundation.
Electoral record
Willowdale
Willowdale
Willowdale
|align="left" colspan=2|Liberal hold
|align="right"|Swing
|align="right"| +3.1
|align="right"|
References
External links
1959 births
Businesspeople from Toronto
Canadian women in business
Canadian women lawyers
Women members of the House of Commons of Canada
Lawyers in Ontario
Liberal Party of Canada leadership candidates
Liberal Party of Canada MPs
Living people
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
People from Simcoe County
People from the Regional Municipality of York
Politicians from Toronto
University of Toronto alumni
Women in Ontario politics
York University alumni
21st-century Canadian politicians
21st-century Canadian women politicians
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4009518
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold%20Demsetz
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Harold Demsetz
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Harold Demsetz (; May 31, 1930 – January 4, 2019) was an American professor of economics at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA).
Career
Demsetz grew up on the West Side of Chicago, the grandchild of Jewish immigrants from central and eastern Europe. He studied engineering, forestry, and philosophy at four universities before being awarded a B.A. (1953) in economics from the University of Illinois, and an MBA (1954) and a Ph.D. (1959) from Northwestern University. While a graduate student, he published an article each in Econometrica and the Journal of Political Economy.
Demsetz taught at the University of Michigan (1958–60), UCLA, 1960–63, and the Graduate School of Business at the University of Chicago, 1963–71. In 1971, he returned permanently to UCLA's Economics Department, which he chaired 1978–80. He held the Arthur Andersen UCLA Alumni Chair in Business Economics, 1986–95. He has been affiliated with the Center for Naval Analyses and the Hoover Institution.
Demsetz was a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a director of the Mont Pelerin Society, and a past (1996) president of the Western Economics Association.
Work
Demsetz belonged to the Chicago school of economic theory, and was one of the pioneers of the approach now called New Institutional Economics. He is a founder of the field of managerial economics. He has expanded the theory of property rights now prevalent in law and economics. Even though Demsetz never employed game theory, he is a major figure in industrial organization through his writings on the theory of the firm, antitrust policy, and business regulation. His expository style is devoid of mathematical formalism to an extent unusual for someone who began his career after 1950. His principal influences include Frank Knight and a number of colleagues: Armen Alchian, Ronald Coase, Aaron Director, and George Stigler.
Demsetz coined the term "nirvana fallacy" in 1969.
The 1972 Demsetz and Armen Alchian article Production, Information Costs and Economic Organization was selected as one of the twenty most important articles published in the first century of the American Economic Review.
Major publications
1967, "Toward a Theory of Property Rights," American Economic Review.
1968, "Why Regulate Utilities?" Journal of Law and Economics.
1969, "Information and Efficiency: Another Viewpoint," Journal of Law and Economics.
1972, (with Armen Alchian, "Production, Information Costs and Economic Organization", American Economic Review.
1973, "Industry Structure, Market Rivalry and Public Policy," Journal of Law and Economics.
1974, "Two systems of belief about monopoly," in H. Goldschmid, et al., eds., Industrial Concentration: The New Learning, Boston: Little Brown, also chapter 7 in, Demsetz, Harold. Efficiency, Competition, and Policy. Cambridge MA: Basil Blackwell, 1989.)
1979, "Accounting for Advertising as a Barrier to Entry," Journal of Business.
1982, Economic, Legal, and Political Dimensions of Competition.
1988, The Organization of Economic Activity, 2 vols. Blackwell. Reprints most of Demsetz's better known journal articles published as of date.
1994, (with Alexis Jacquemin). Anti-trust Economics: New Challenges for Competition Policy.
1995, The Economics of the Business Firm: Seven Critical Commentaries.
1997, "The Primacy of Economics: An Explanation of the Comparative Success of Economics in the Social Sciences" (Presidential Address to the Western Economics Association), Economic Inquiry.
2011, "From Economic Man to Economic System: Essays on Human Behavior and the Institutions of Capitalism"
References
External links
Brief biography of Demsetz on the web site of UCLA's Economics Department.
1930 births
2019 deaths
Writers from Chicago
Law and economics scholars
Scholars of competition law
20th-century American economists
21st-century American economists
University of California, Los Angeles faculty
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign alumni
Kellogg School of Management alumni
University of Michigan faculty
University of Chicago faculty
New institutional economists
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Distinguished Fellows of the American Economic Association
20th-century American Jews
21st-century American Jews
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4009521
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marek%20Kvapil
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Marek Kvapil
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Marek Kvapil (born 5 January 1985) is a Czech professional ice hockey player who is currently playing for HC Sparta Praha of the Czech Extraliga (ELH). He has won the Gagarin Cup twice with Dynamo in 2012 and 2013. Although born in the Slovak city of Ilava, Kvapil has represented the Czech Republic in various international competitions.
Playing career
After training in HC Slavia Praha's development program, Kvapil moved to North America after being drafted by the Saginaw Spirit in the first round (11th overall) of the 2004 CHL Import Draft. He was drafted the following year by the Tampa Bay Lightning, though would never play for the team. After spending three years in their farm system, Kvapil returned to Europe in 2008 to continue his career.
On 7 April 2017, Kvapil agreed to return to the KHL in signing a one-year contract as a free agent with Amur Khabarovsk. In the 2017–18 season, Kvapil contributed with just 1 goal in 11 games before ending his brief stint with Amur in returning to the Czech Extraliga with HC Bílí Tygři Liberec on a three-year contract on 10 November 2017.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
References
External links
1985 births
Amur Khabarovsk players
HC Bílí Tygři Liberec players
Czech ice hockey right wingers
HC Dynamo Moscow players
Fort Wayne Komets players
Johnstown Chiefs players
KHL Medveščak Zagreb players
HC Kometa Brno players
Living people
Mississippi Sea Wolves players
HC Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk players
Norfolk Admirals players
People from Ilava
Saginaw Spirit players
Severstal Cherepovets players
HC Slavia Praha players
Springfield Falcons players
Tampa Bay Lightning draft picks
HC Vítkovice players
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4009528
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seney%20National%20Wildlife%20Refuge
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Seney National Wildlife Refuge
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The Seney National Wildlife Refuge is a managed wetland in Schoolcraft County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It has an area of 95,212 acres (385 km2). It is bordered by M-28 and M-77. The nearest town of any size is Seney, Michigan. The refuge contains the Seney Wilderness Area and the Strangmoor Bog National Natural Landmark within its boundaries.
Birds, animals and wilderness
While the Seney National Wildlife Refuge is oriented towards maintaining living space for bird life, river otters, beavers, moose, black bears and wolves also live in the refuge. 211 separate species of birds have been logged at Seney, including ducks, bald eagles, trumpeter swans, osprey, sandhill cranes, and common loons. On the western side of the National Wildlife Refuge, a parcel is officially designated as a wilderness with an area of 25,150 acres (102 km2).
Strangmoor Bog
The Seney NWR's western wilderness area, designated by federal law as the Seney Wilderness Area, includes the Strangmoor Bog National Natural Landmark. The Strangmoor Bog was landmarked as being the best surviving example in the 48 states of a sub-arctic patterned bog ecosystem, characterized by rapid glacial meltoff from an exposed sandy plain. The friable sand, exposed to the weather, was sculpted by wind and water into parallel strips of dune highland and wetland.
History
The Seney National Wildlife Refuge is built upon the remains of the Great Manistique Swamp, a perched sand wetland located in the central Upper Peninsula. After its forests were heavily exploited in 1880-1910, promoters attempted to drain the swamp for farmland. The drainage was a failure and left the wetland criss-crossed with canals, ditches, and drainage ponds. Much of the property was then abandoned for unpaid property taxes.
During the 1930s, work crews employed by the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) rebuilt, restored, and expanded the wetland drains, this time for active wetlands management purposes. These CCC ponds and drains are still used by the wetlands managers that staff the current National Wildlife Refuge. The Seney National Wildlife Refuge was established in 1935.
Canada geese
When the Seney National Wildlife Refuge was established in 1935, the Canada goose was a threatened species. Widespread, year-round hunting (legal and illegal) had reduced the North American population of free-flying Canada geese to a trickle of birds who avoided human beings as much as possible. One of the priorities of the new Seney NWR was to establish a refuge for free-flying Canada geese.
In January 1936, during the first winter of the Seney Refuge's operation, the refuge trucked in 300 pinioned Canada geese. These flightless geese were given a fenced-in pond area within the Refuge and were fed. It was hoped that they would produce a crop of goslings that would establish a migratory pattern of behavior and voluntarily return to the Refuge. The goslings were banded so that if they returned, the Refuge's small staff would know it.
Every year a shrinking crop of Canada goslings was hatched and flew south for the winter, but few or none returned in the following spring to Seney. Poaching was apparently continuing in the geese wintering grounds and on the flyways. Meanwhile, the parent population of wing-clipped Canada geese diminished between 1936 and 1945 from 300 to 45.
March, 1946 saw the first significant return of sixteen banded, free-flying Canada geese. This tiny flock bred true in the following years. The Seney Canada goose breeding population had multiplied to 3,000 birds by 1956, and continued to expand thereafter even after local hunting was re-legalized. The Seney National Wildlife Refuge's Canada goose project is considered to have been one of the key programs in re-establishing the Canada goose as a major wetland bird of North America.
Today
As of 2007, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, administrator of the Seney National Wildlife Refuge, was reporting that the refuge hosted approximately 88,000 visitors annually.
Seney NWR acts as the administrative unit for the following other refuges:
The Huron Islands/Huron National Wildlife Refuge in Lake Superior.
The Lake Michigan division of the Michigan Islands National Wildlife Refuge.
The Whitefish Point Unit on Lake Superior in the eastern Upper Peninsula of Michigan, where the Whitefish Point Bird Observatory conducts research on migrating birds. In 1998, the United States Coast Guard transferred from the Whitefish Point Light Station to the USFWS to form the Whitefish Point Unit of the Seney NWR. The USFWS shares governance of the former light station with the Michigan Audubon Society and the Great Lakes Shipwreck Historical Society through a Management Plan. The USFWS has final oversight at Whitefish Point. On August 30, 2012, the USFWS added acres and more than of Lake Superior shoreline as critical piping plover habitat to Whitefish Point unit.
Notes
References
External links
Seney National Wildlife Refuge
Whitefish Point Unit of Seney National Wildlife Refuge
Whitefish Point Bird Observatory
National Natural Landmarks in Michigan
National Wildlife Refuges in Michigan
Protected areas of Schoolcraft County, Michigan
Protected areas established in 1935
Important Bird Areas of Michigan
Civilian Conservation Corps in Michigan
1935 establishments in Michigan
Wetlands of Michigan
Landforms of Schoolcraft County, Michigan
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4009532
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMHS
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BMHS
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BMHS may refer to:
British Music Hall Society
Barnes and Mortlake History Society
Barrington Municipal High School
Benbrook Middle-High School
Bishop McNamara High School
Bishop Martin High School
Blue Mountain High School
Banting Memorial High School
Bell Multicultural High School
Beloit Memorial High School
Bernice MacNaughton High School
Billerica Memorial High School
Bishop Miege High School
Bishop Montgomery High School
Bishop McCort High School
Brien McMahon High School
Brother Martin High School
Bohemia Manor High School
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4009542
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media%20in%20Richmond%2C%20Virginia
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Media in Richmond, Virginia
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According to nielsen media statistics for 2015–2016, the Richmond, Virginia market area is the 56th largest Designated Market Area in the United States, with 549,730 TV households. Richmond is served by a variety of communication media:
Print media
Daily
The local daily newspaper in Richmond is the Richmond Times-Dispatch.
Weekly
Style Weekly (alternative weekly)
Chesterfield Observer
Monthly / bi-monthly / quarterly
NORTH of the JAMES Magazine (monthly)
Boomer Magazine (bi-monthly)
Chesterfield Living, West Ends Best, Hanover Lifestyle (bi-monthly)
Greater Richmond Grid Magazine (bi-monthly)
OurHealth Richmond Magazine (bi-monthly)
Richmond Magazine (monthly)
RVA Magazine (quarterly)
Virginia Business (monthly)
Whurk (monthly)
News and newsmagazines
The Richmond Free Press and the Richmond Voice are weekly newspapers that cover the news from a predominantly African American perspective. The only Hispanic magazine in the state, La Voz Hispana de Virginia provides significant cultural and news content in both English and Spanish. There are also two major publications from the Jewish community of Richmond, published in English; The Reflector is the semi-weekly newspaper of the Jewish Federation of Richmond and Virginia Jewish Life (formerly Virginia Jewish News) is an independent monthly magazine published by the Chabad community of Richmond, but highlighting stories of general Jewish interest in Virginia. City Edition was a civic-minded newspaper that listed municipal and council related events, issues, and results, which stopped publication in October 2007. . Richmond.com is an online newsmagazine with a wide readership. Other local topical publications include Richmond Parents Magazine and V Magazine for Women. the voice of women in Richmond. Richmond Guide is a quarterly that is targeted toward visitors. The Virginia Defender is a quarterly statewide community newspaper with a press run of 16,000 distributed through nearly 300 distribution sites in Richmond, plus 16 other Virginia cities and five counties.
Richmond's leading African American newspaper at the turn of the century was the Richmond Planet which ran from 1883 to 1996 and was edited by John Mitchel, Jr. from 1884 until his death in 1929.
Regional and county newspapers include the following:
The Amelia Bulletin Monitor for Amelia County, Virginia
Capital News Service at VCU for regional and national news
The Chesterfield Observer for Chesterfield County, Virginia
The Goochland Courier for Goochland County, Virginia
The Goochland Gazette for Goochland County, Virginia
The Henrico Citizen for Henrico County, Virginia
The Hopewell News (defunct) for Hopewell, Virginia
Petersburg Progress-Index for Petersburg, Virginia
RVA Magazine
Virginia Living is a glossy magazine published bi-monthly that covers Virginia events.
Student Operated
Many colleges and universities in Richmond have student operated new services including The Richard T. Robertson School of Media and Culture at Virginia Commonwealth University, VCU Student Media, VUU, and University of Richmond. Examples of student operated media include VCU's Commonwealth Times, VCU Capital News Service and VCU InSight ','Ink, Amendment, Emanata, and Poictesme''.
Television
Richmond is served by several television stations.
Broadcast
Richmond's over-the-air television stations:
** As of August, 2019, this station is indicated as Silent on the FCC's broadcast database.
Repack refers to the impending reallocation of channel assignments following FCC Auctions 1001/1002, which is designed to sell unused TV spectrum to wireless service operators. Richmond-area stations will begin testing in January 2020, and will have to move to their new channels by March 13, 2020.
Primary station signals air on 2-3 channels per cable system (usually one in standard definition and 1–2 in high definition). Subchannels are cleared on cable systems through contractual agreements, and are generally in standard definition.
Cable
Comcast is the primary cable television provider for the Richmond area (Richmond city proper, Chesterfield, Henrico County) and the Tri-Cities (area includes Petersburg, Colonial Heights, Hopewell and the counties of Dinwiddie and Prince George). In the city and Henrico County, it is the successor to the franchise originally held by Continental Cablevision, then MediaOne, then AT&T Broadband, before Comcast acquired AT&T Broadband. In Chesterfield, it is the successor to the franchise originally held by Storer Cable. In the nearby Tri-Cities area, it is the successor to the franchise originally held by Sammons Communications, then Marcus Cable, then Tele-Media, then Adelphia, before Comcast acquired Adelphia.
Verizon now offers television through its fiber-optic system, FiOS TV, in Richmond City and Henrico and Chesterfield Counties, and is currently expanding its services farther into the outlying Richmond area.
Radio
The metropolitan area is served by a variety of radio stations, serving a wide variety of musical and other interests.
AM
Several AM stations serve a variety of music, talk, and sports topics, including the following:
FM
On the FM dial, popular music stations include the following:
HD Radio
Media corporations
Commercial radio ownership in Richmond is dominated by three companies:
Entercom (WRVA-AM, WRVQ, WTVR-FM, WBTJ, WRXL, WRNL-AM)
SummitMedia LLC (WKLR, WMXB, WJSR, WKHK)
Urban One (WCDX, WKJS, WKJX, WPZZ, WTPS-AM)
Commonwealth Public Broadcasting Corporation is the owner of several stations in Richmond (WCVE-TV, WCVE-FM, WWLB-FM, WBBT-FM, WCVW-TV), along with translators in Charlottesville, and another station in Northern Virginia, and is headquartered in Richmond.
Communication schools
Richmond is home to the VCU School of Mass Communications, which was founded in 1978 and offers bachelor's and master's degrees in journalism, advertising and public relations. It is accredited by the Accrediting Council on Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (AEJMC). The school houses Capital News Service, VCU InSight, and the VCU Create-A-thon.
See also
Virginia media
List of newspapers in Virginia
List of radio stations in Virginia
List of television stations in Virginia
Media of cities in Virginia: Chesapeake, Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk, Roanoke, Virginia Beach
External links
2005 Mediaweek review of Richmond-Petersburg Media
www.nielsenmedia.com DMA rankings
(Directory ceased in 2017)
Richmond
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4009559
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vought-Sikorsky%20VS-300
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Vought-Sikorsky VS-300
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The Vought-Sikorsky VS-300 (or S-46) is an American single-engine helicopter designed by Igor Sikorsky. It had a single three-blade rotor originally powered by a 75 horsepower (56 kW) engine. The first "free" flight of the VS-300 was on 13 May 1940. The VS-300 was the first successful single lifting rotor helicopter in the United States and the first successful helicopter to use a single vertical-plane tail rotor configuration for antitorque. With floats attached, it became the first practical amphibious helicopter.
Design and development
Igor Sikorsky's quest for a practical helicopter began in 1938, when as the Engineering Manager of the Vought-Sikorsky Division of United Aircraft Corporation, he was able to convince the directors of United Aircraft that his years of study and research into rotary-wing flight problems would lead to a breakthrough. His first experimental machine, the VS-300, was test flown by Sikorsky on 14 September 1939, tethered by cables. In developing the concept of rotary-wing flight, Sikorsky was the first to introduce a single engine to power both the main and tail rotor systems. The only previous successful attempt at a single-lift rotor helicopter, the Yuriev-Cheremukhin TsAGI-1EA in 1931 in the Soviet Union, used a pair of uprated, Russian-built Gnome Monosoupape rotary engines of 120 hp each for its power. For later flights of his VS-300, Sikorsky also added a vertical airfoil surface to the end of the tail to assist anti-torque but this was later removed when it proved to be ineffective.
The cyclic control was found to be difficult to perfect, and led to Sikorsky locking the cyclic and adding two smaller vertical-axis lifting rotors to either side aft of the tailboom. By varying pitch of these rotors simultaneously, fore and aft control was provided. Roll control was provided by differential pitching of the blades. In this configuration, it was found that the VS-300 could not fly forward easily and Sikorsky joked about turning the pilot's seat around.
Operational history
Sikorsky fitted utility floats (also called pontoons) to the VS-300 and performed a water landing and takeoff on 17 April 1941, making it the first practical amphibious helicopter. On 6 May 1941, the VS-300 beat the world endurance record held by the Focke-Wulf Fw 61, by staying aloft for 1 hour 32 minutes and 26.1 seconds. A two-seater version was delivered to the US Army in May 1942.
The final variant of the VS-300 was powered by a 150 hp Franklin engine. The VS-300 was one of the first helicopters capable of carrying cargo. The VS-300 was modified over a two-year period, including the removal of the two vertical tail rotors, in 1941, when a new cyclic control system gave it much-improved flight behavior.
Surviving aircraft
In 1943, the VS-300 was retired to the Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Michigan. It has been on display there ever since, except for a trip back to the Sikorsky Aircraft plant for restoration in 1985.
Specifications (VS-300)
See also
References
Notes
Bibliography
Chiles, James R. The God Machine: From Boomerangs to Black Hawks: The Story of the Helicopter. New York: Bantam, 2008. .
Dorr, Robert F. Chopper: A History of America Military Helicopter Operations from WWII to the War on Terror. New York: Penguin Books, 2005. .
Munson, Kenneth. Helicopters and Other Rotorcraft Since 1907. London: Blandford, 1968. .
Munson, Kenneth. US Warbirds, From World War 1 to Vietnam. New York: New Orchard, 1985. .
Sikorsky, I. I. "Development of the VS-300 Helicopter (A paper read at the Rotating Wing Aircraft Session of the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Institute of Aeronautical Sciences by Sikorsky, I. I, Engineering Manager, Vought-Sikorsky Division of the United Aircraft Corporation)". Flight, 3 September 1942.
External links
"Wingless Helicopter Flies Straight Up", Popular Mechanics, September 1940 article showing Sikorsky flying his first helicopter
Heroes of the Sky: VS300 exhibit at the Henry Ford Museum
1940s United States experimental aircraft
Amphibious helicopters
Experimental helicopters
VS-300
1940s United States helicopters
Single-engined piston helicopters
Aircraft first flown in 1939
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4009560
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius%20Schulhoff
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Julius Schulhoff
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Julius Schulhoff (Julius Šulhov) (2 August 182515 March 1898) was a Bohemian pianist and composer of Jewish birth. As a composer, he was best known for his virtuosic salon pieces for solo piano, which included a grand sonata in F minor, twelve études, and various caprices, impromptus, waltzes, and mazurkas.
Life and career
Schulhoff was born in Prague, where he began studying piano with Kisch and Ignaz Amadeus Tedesco and also trained in music theory with Václav Tomášek. He made his debut at Dresden in 1842 and soon afterwards appeared at the Leipzig Gewandhaus. Moving to Paris shortly afterwards, he met Frédéric Chopin, who encouraged him in his bid to become an established professional pianist. The concerts that Schulhoff gave at Chopin's suggestion were greeted with such acclaim that he embarked on a long tour through France and to London, continuing his travels through Spain (1851) and Russia (1853).
After this tour he returned to Paris, where he devoted himself entirely to composition and teaching. He continued as a piano teacher when he settled in Dresden in 1870 and later moved to Berlin in 1897. He died in Berlin in 1898, aged 72. He was the great-uncle of the 20th-century composer Erwin Schulhoff.
References
Article in Jewish Encyclopedia
Sources
External links
musicologie.org Full score
1825 births
1898 deaths
Austrian classical composers
Austrian classical pianists
Male classical pianists
Czech Jews
Czech male classical composers
Austrian male classical composers
Czech classical pianists
Jewish classical composers
Jewish classical pianists
Musicians from Prague
Pupils of Václav Tomášek
Czech Romantic composers
19th-century classical composers
19th-century classical pianists
19th-century Czech male musicians
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4009565
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff%20Stover
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Jeff Stover
|
Jeff Stover is a retired defensive lineman for the San Francisco 49ers American football team during the 1980s.
History
Stover finished in third place in the NCAA shot put competition in 1979. In 1980, while attending the University of Oregon, he was named Pac-10 champion shot putter. With record-breaking statistics, Stover made it to the 1980 Olympic trials. However, as a result of the 1980 Summer Olympics boycott by the United States (held that year in Moscow), he never had the opportunity to compete.
Stover had a great eagerness to play professional football, and earned a tryout with the San Francisco 49ers shortly after they won Super Bowl XVI. He was signed by the 49ers, but played sparingly during his first few seasons. In 1984, he was named the team's starting left end, but a knee injury during the first regular season match against the Detroit Lions caused him to miss several games. In 1985, he finally played a full, healthy season in a starting role, and registered 10 sacks. In 1986, in 15 games, he registered 11 sacks.
He is one of only seven 49ers defensive linemen (along with Dwaine Board, Charles Haley, Dana Stubblefield, Chris Doleman, Roy Barker, and Bryant Young) to register 10 or more sacks more than once during their tenure with the team since the statistic started being recorded in 1982...
Stover remained a free agent through all of training camp and preseason in 1987 (in the midst of talk of a possible strike by the players), but signed before the season began. However, this proved to be a turning point in his career, as he in poor physical condition and posted only 3.5 sacks. In 1988, he failed to register even half a sack for the first time in his career, but still was able to play in the Super Bowl against the Cincinnati Bengals. He retired following the season and now owns the Chico Sports Club in Chico, California. He became interested in medicine and rehabilitation largely because he was plagued by injuries in his own career.
Playing style
He was capable of simply overpowering opposing linemen. He could play defensive end in the 3-4 and defensive tackle in the 4-3, and regardless of where he played, he would simply try to run over his opponents rather than beat them with speed. In 1984, Bill Walsh called him his "most consistent defensive player."
Other sources
Jeff Stover's Football Reference
References
1958 births
Living people
American football defensive tackles
Oregon Ducks football players
San Francisco 49ers players
Players of American football from California
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4009568
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banana%20Massacre
|
Banana Massacre
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The Banana Massacre () was a massacre of United Fruit Company workers that occurred between December 5 and 6, 1928 in the town of Ciénaga near Santa Marta, Colombia. A strike began on November 12, 1928, when the workers ceased to work until the company would reach an agreement with them to grant them dignified working conditions. After several weeks with no agreement, in which the United Fruit Company refused to negotiate with the workers, the conservative government of Miguel Abadía Méndez sent the Colombian Army in against the strikers, resulting in the massacre of 47 to 2,000 people.
U.S. officials in Colombia and United Fruit representatives portrayed the workers' strike as "communist" with a "subversive tendency" in telegrams to Frank B. Kellogg, the United States Secretary of State. The Colombian government was also compelled to work for the interests of the company, considering they could cut off trade of Colombian bananas with significant markets such as the United States and Europe.
Gabriel García Márquez depicted a fictional version of the massacre in his novel One Hundred Years of Solitude, as did Álvaro Cepeda Samudio in his La Casa Grande. Although García Márquez references the number of dead as around three thousand, the actual number of dead workers is unknown.
Strike
The workers of the banana plantations in Colombia went on strike on November 12, 1928. The workers made nine demands from the United Fruit Company:
Stop their practice of hiring through sub-contractors
Mandatory collective insurance
Compensation for work accidents
Hygienic dormitories and 6 day work weeks
Increase in daily pay for workers who earned less than 100 pesos per month
Weekly wage
Abolition of office stores
Abolition of payment through coupons rather than money
Improvement of hospital services
The strike turned into the largest labor movement ever witnessed in the country until then. Radical members of the Liberal Party, as well as members of the Socialist and Communist Parties, participated.
The workers wanted to be recognized as employees, and demanded the implementation of the Colombian legal framework of the 1920s.
Massacre
An army regiment from Bogotá was dispatched by the government to deal with the strikers, which it deemed to be subversive. Whether these troops were sent in at the behest of the United Fruit Company did not at first clearly emerge.
Three hundred soldiers were sent from Antioquia to Magdalena. There were no soldiers from Magdalena involved because General Cortes Vargas, the army-appointed military chief of the banana zone in charge of controlling the situation, did not believe they would be able to take effective actions, as they might be related to the plantation workers.
The troops set up their machine guns on the roofs of the low buildings at the corners of the main square, closed off the access streets,
and, after issuing a five-minute warning that people should leave, opened fire into a dense Sunday crowd of workers and their families including children. The people had gathered after Sunday Mass to wait for an anticipated address from the governor.
Number of people dead
General Cortés Vargas, who commanded the troops during the massacre, took responsibility for 47 casualties. In reality, the exact number of casualties has never been confirmed. Herrera Soto, co-author of a comprehensive and detailed study of the 1928 strike, has put together various estimates given by contemporaries and historians, ranging from 47 to as high as 2,000. According to Congressman Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, the killed strikers were thrown into the sea. Other sources claim that the bodies were buried in mass graves.
Among the survivors was Luis Vicente Gámez, later a famous local figure, who survived by hiding under a bridge for three days. Every year after the massacre he delivered a memorial service over the radio.
The press has reported different numbers of deaths and different opinions about the events that took place that night. The conclusion is that there is no agreed-on story, but rather diverse variations depending on the source they come from. The American press provided biased information on the strike. The Colombian press was also biased depending on the political alignment of the publication. For example, the Bogotá-based newspaper El Tiempo stated that the workers were within their rights in wanting to improve their conditions. However, since the newspaper was politically conservative, they also noted that they did not agree with the strike.
Official U.S. telegrams
Telegram from Bogotá Embassy to the U.S. Secretary of State, Frank B. Kellogg, dated December 5, 1928, stated:
Telegram from Santa Marta Consulate to the U.S. Secretary of State, dated December 6, 1928, stated:
Telegram from Bogotá Embassy to the U.S. Secretary of State, dated December 7, 1928, stated:
Telegram from the U.S. Department of State to Santa Marta Consulate, dated December 8, 1928, stated:
Telegram from Santa Marta Consulate to the U.S. Secretary of State, dated December 9, 1928, stated:
Dispatch from Santa Marta Consulate to the U.S. Secretary of State, dated December 11, 1928, stated:
Dispatch from Bogotá Embassy to the U.S. Secretary of State, dated December 11, 1928, stated:
Dispatch from U.S. Bogotá Embassy to the U.S. Secretary of State, dated December 29, 1928, stated:
Dispatch from U.S. Bogotá Embassy to the US Secretary of State, dated January 16, 1929, stated:
Consequences
Guerrilla movements in Colombia such as the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) argued that the growth of Communism in Colombia was triggered by atrocities like these, and called it state terrorism.
Some sources claim there are connections between this massacre and the atrocities committed in more recent years by Chiquita Brands in Colombian territory. Chiquita admitted paying 1.7 million dollars to the paramilitary group AUC (United Self Defense Forces of Colombia), who have killed hundreds of Colombian citizens. This company has financed war machines by paying this terrorist group. They claimed that they had been victims of extortion and said the payments were made as a way to protect their workers from the paramilitaries, but the people seem to object. In the documentary “Banana Land” Colombian plantain workers speak up about how they feel terrorized by multinational companies like Chiquita and their work with paramilitaries. They even say that people who speak up about the way they feel are at risk of being targeted by the AUC.
In popular culture
Gabriel García Márquez depicted a fictional version of the massacre in his novel One Hundred Years of Solitude, as did Álvaro Cepeda Samudio in his La Casa Grande. Although García Márquez references the number of dead as around three thousand, the actual number of dead workers is unknown.
The event also inspired Italian singer-songwriter Francesco De Gregori's song Ninetto e la colonia, released with his 1976 album Bufalo Bill. Before the soldiers start shooting on the frightened and praying crowd, only Ninetto scemo, a silly little child, due to his innocence, is able to ask the relevant question, though in vain: "Who are those who sent you?" The soldier replies that the answer does not matter, as those who sent him do not speak their language and live far away.
See also
Tlatelolco massacre
Notes
External links
The Santa Marta Massacre
Gabriel García Márquez and His Approach to History in One Hundred Years of Solitude
Chiquita brands and their actions in Colombia
This Day In HISTORY: December 06, 1928 Banana Massacre The History Channel.
1928 in Colombia
1928 labor disputes and strikes
December 1928 events
Massacres in 1928
Massacres in Colombia
Labor disputes in Colombia
Political repression in Colombia
Santa Marta
Conflicts in 1928
United Fruit Company
Mass murder in 1928
Agriculture and forestry strikes
United Fruit Company labor relations
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4009572
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice%20%282005%20film%29
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Voice (2005 film)
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Voice ( also known as Whispering Corridors 4: Voice and Voice Letter) is a 2005 South Korean horror film, and the fourth installment of the Whispering Corridors film series. The film was the debut film for its three young actresses, as well as director Choi Ik-Hwan, who had served as an assistant director on the first film of the series.
It was screened at the 2006 San Francisco Korean American Film Festival.
Plot
Young-eon (Kim Ok-bin), the top singer at an all-girls school, is murdered by a music sheet cutting her throat in the opening scene. The next day nobody can see or hear her except her friend Seon-min (Seo Ji-hye), who can only hear her. The two attempt to find out what happened to Young-eon. Seon-min begins speculating that the music teacher must have killed Young-eon. The mystery behind her death is slowly unraveled as Young-eon has flashbacks of life before her death.
Seon-min befriends a strange and lonely girl at school named Cho-ah (Cha Ye-ryun), who can hear the voices of the dead, and she helps the two solve the incident. Meanwhile, the music teacher kills herself. Seon-min begins to doubt what Young-eon says after Cho-ah tells her that ghosts only remember what they want to, meaning Young-eon's memory may be incorrect. Young-eon's body is found in on top of the elevator.
Young-eon is running out of time to discover who the other ghost is; if her friend forgets about her, she will lose her voice. Some of the flashbacks include her mother, who is in a hospital. In one flashback, she talks to her mother about how she will learn to drive when she is old enough. Another features how her mother committed suicide by jumping off the top of the hospital. In the end, Young-eon is revealed to have driven her mother to suicide, and might have multiple personality disorder due to the trauma and guilt of encouraging her mother to kill herself. Young-eon brings tears to her music teacher's eyes when she asks the teacher to sing, leading the latter to contemplate suicide.
It turns out that Young-eon had been hearing the voices of her teacher and of the ghost, Hyo-jung, the whole time. Young-eon wanted the teacher dead to get rid of Hyo-jung's voice. Hyo-jung was a student and top singer at the school who fell in love with the music teacher. She has the same voice as Young-eon and they are both recorded in a song. Hyo-jung is revealed to have shot the music sheet at Young-eon's throat in the opening scene out of anger at losing her voice. Seon-min thinks Young-eon should move on but Young-eon is angered by her statement, since she wants nothing more than to live again. Young-eon kills Cho-ah and takes over Seon-min's body. She then walks alongside Seon-min's mother, talking about how, as soon as she is old enough, she will learn to drive.
A scene during the credits shows Cho-ah shouting in frustration, but voiceless.
Cast
Kim Ok-bin as Young-Eun
Seo Ji-hye as Seon-Min
Cha Ye-ryun as Cho-Ah
Kim Seo-hyung as Hee-Yeon
Im Hyun-Kyung as Hyo-Jung
Jeon Ji-ae as Hwa-Jung
Yoon Young as Hye-Sun
Lee Eun as Mi-Hee
Sun Joo-Yeon as Jin-Young
Won Ae-Ri as Myung-Sook
Park Yoon-Kyung as Eun-Ha
Kim Sung-Tae as Homeroom teacher
Han Chae-Woo as Athletic teacher
Kim Jung-young as Young-Eon's mother
References
External links
2005 films
South Korean horror films
2000s Korean-language films
2005 horror films
South Korean supernatural horror films
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4009576
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Puffy%20Shirt
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The Puffy Shirt
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"The Puffy Shirt" is the second episode of the fifth season of the American NBC sitcom Seinfeld. It was the 66th episode and originally aired on September 23, 1993. The episode centers on Jerry having to wear an ostentatious "puffy" shirt on The Today Show after he unwittingly agreed to promote it for Kramer's girlfriend because she spoke too quietly for him to understand what she was asking. In a subplot, George embarks on a promising career as a hand model. Larry David, the co-creator of the show, came up with the idea to use the shirt, and cites this episode as one of his favorites in the series.
Plot
Kramer is dating Leslie, a "low-talker" whom everyone struggles to understand due to her quiet speaking voice. When Jerry and Elaine have dinner with them, Kramer explains that Leslie is a fashion designer and has designed a new puffy shirt "like the pirates used to wear." Elaine tells Leslie that Jerry is making an appearance on The Today Show to promote a Goodwill benefit to clothe the poor and homeless. Leslie says something in response, but they cannot make out what it is. To be polite, they nod their heads. The next day, Kramer delivers the shirt to Jerry, who realizes that he had inadvertently agreed to wear Leslie's puffy shirt on The Today Show. The idea of wearing such an ostentatious shirt while promoting a benefit for the poor outrages Elaine.
At a restaurant with his parents, George accidentally bumps into a woman who turns out to be a modeling agent. When she notices his hands, she declares they are beautiful and that he should become a hand model. He agrees, and in preparation for his first photo shoot becomes protective of his hands, having manicures and shielding them with oven mitts.
During the Today Show, host Bryant Gumbel repeatedly mocks Jerry's shirt, driving him to angrily denounce it on air. Leslie finally raises her voice to furiously call Jerry a "bastard". After the show, George arrives at the dressing room and takes off his oven mitts to show off his hands. When he mocks the puffy shirt, Leslie angrily pushes him, causing him to fall onto a hot clothes iron and ruin his hands, ending his hand model career.
Elaine is fired from the Goodwill benefit committee, Jerry is heckled about the shirt during his stand-up comedy, and Kramer breaks up with Leslie. The stores cancel their pre-orders and the unsold shirts are given to Goodwill. As Jerry, Kramer, Elaine, and George walk down the street, they see homeless men dressed in the puffy shirts. Jerry remarks that it is not a bad-looking shirt after all.
Production
This was the first episode to feature Jerry Stiller as George Costanza’s dad, Frank. Stiller reshot John Randolph's earlier appearance as Frank in "The Handicap Spot" for syndication.
References
External links
Seinfeld (season 5) episodes
1993 American television episodes
Television episodes written by Larry David
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4009595
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Trade%20Mart
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International Trade Mart
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The International Trade Mart was a New Orleans-based organization promoting international trade and the Port of New Orleans, Louisiana, United States. The organization was founded in 1946, and merged with International House in 1968, when it was renamed to World Trade Center New Orleans.
After World War II, New Orleans businessman Clay Shaw returned to New Orleans where he became a founder of the International Trade Mart (ITM). From 1947 to his retirement in 1965, Shaw ran the ITM as a managing director.
The International Trade Mart was chartered in 1945, first opened in 1948, and in 1968, merged with International House to form the World Trade Center New Orleans (WTCNO), a private, non-profit organization with a membership of 2,000 corporations and individuals dedicated to improving international trade with New Orleans.
Like its predecessor organizations, the WTCNO continues to sponsor trade missions to Latin American and Caribbean nations to conduct a variety of educational programs, conferences, seminars, and trade shows and to host dignitaries and other visitors from New Orleans' trade partner nations.
In 1968, the WTCNO moved into a purpose-built 33-story building at 2 Canal Street, designed by architect Edward Durell Stone. The building overlooks the Mississippi River and the French Quarter. After Hurricane Katrina, the building was unoccupied, and in 2012 it was purchased from the WTCNO by the City of New Orleans. In 2018, the city announced that the building would be redeveloped into a hotel and apartment complex, set to open in 2021. The World Trade Center New Orleans organization has offices in a nearby building, One Canal Place.
Trade expansionists advanced their cause further by forming the International Trade Mart (ITM). They intended that International House and ITM would complement each other and together would form the international program's foundation. The mart satisfied a longstanding ambition for an institution that could exhibit commodities and could provide a setting where buyer and seller could meet easily in New Orleans.
References
Bibliography
Arthur E. Carpenter. Gateway to the Americas: New Orleans' Quest for Latin American Trade, 1900-1970 (Tulane University, 1987)
Organizations established in 1945
Companies based in New Orleans
1945 establishments in Louisiana
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4009607
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We%20Were%20the%20Mulvaneys%20%28film%29
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We Were the Mulvaneys (film)
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We Were the Mulvaneys is a 2002 American television film directed by Peter Werner, written by Joyce Eliason, and starring Beau Bridges, Blythe Danner and Tammy Blanchard. It is based on the book of the same name by Joyce Carol Oates. It premiered on Lifetime Television, and was nominated for three Emmys.
Cast
Beau Bridges as Michael Mulvaney, Sr.
Blythe Danner as Corinne Mulvaney
Tammy Blanchard as Marianne Mulvaney
Tom Guiry as Judd Mulvaney, the narrator
Jacob Pitts as Patrick Mulvaney
Mark Famiglietti as Mike Mulvaney Jr.
Shawn Roberts as Zachary Lundt
Colin Ferguson as Dr. Witt
Production
We Were the Mulvaneys was filmed in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
External links
2002 television films
2002 films
2002 drama films
American drama films
Lifetime (TV network) films
Films based on American novels
Films directed by Peter Werner
Films scored by Patrick Williams
2000s English-language films
2000s American films
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4009620
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular%20Movement%20%28Italy%29
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Popular Movement (Italy)
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The Popular Movement (Movimento Popolare) was an Italian political organization within the Christian Democracy (DC) party.
It was founded in 1975 by Roberto Formigoni and other members of the Catholic group Communion and Liberation. It ceased activity at the time of the demise of the DC party in 1992–94. Most of its members followed Formigoni into the United Christian Democrats (CDU) in 1995.
Political party factions in Italy
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4009624
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denver%20Underground%20Film%20Festival
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Denver Underground Film Festival
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The Denver Underground Film Festival (DUFF) premiered November 21–23, 1997 at The Bug Theater in Denver, Colorado. Since then the visions of hundreds of independent filmmakers from around the world have been showcased, including films by classic experimental and avant-garde filmmakers like Stan Brakhage, Luis Buñuel, Fassbinder, and Man Ray.
References
External links
Official site
Oldest site capture (2003) by Internet Archive of the former duffcinema.com domain
2013 site capture by Internet Archive of the former duffcinema.com domain
Film festivals in Colorado
Festivals in Denver
Tourist attractions in Denver
Underground film festivals
Experimental film festivals
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4009631
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%20Can%27t%20Unlove%20You
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I Can't Unlove You
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"I Can't Unlove You" is a song recorded by American country music artist Kenny Rogers. It was released in December 2005 as the first single from his album Water & Bridges. The song was written by Wade Kirby and Will Robinson. In Brazil, the song had a version titled "Eu Não Sei Dizer Que Eu Não Te Amo", performed by the duo Edson & Hudson in Portuguese and by Kenny Rogers in English.
Critical reception
Kevin John Coyne of Country Universe wrote that Rogers "sounds as good as ever on this breakup song that rises above its awkward title." The song also received a favorable review from Deborah Evans Price of Billboard, who said that "Rogers delivers this gorgeous ballad in the warm, straightforward style that has made him a household name."
Music video
The music video was directed by Peter Zavadil and premiered in December 2005.
Chart performance
The song debuted at #57 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs chart for the week of December 10, 2005.
It would be his final Top 20 single.
References
2005 singles
Kenny Rogers songs
Capitol Records Nashville singles
Song recordings produced by Dann Huff
Music videos directed by Peter Zavadil
Country ballads
Songs written by Wade Kirby
Songs written by Will Robinson (songwriter)
2005 songs
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4009636
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton-Conover%20High%20School
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Newton-Conover High School
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Newton-Conover High School (NCHS) is a public high school located in Newton, North Carolina, and is the one of two secondary schools in Newton-Conover City Schools system, alongside Discovery High School.
Athletics
Newton-Conover High School is a member of the North Carolina High School Athletic Association (NCHSAA) and competes in the 2A classification for high school athletics. Listed below are team state championships the Red Devils have won:
2A Football – 2008
2A Men's Golf – 2013, 2014, 2015
2A Men's Soccer – 2007, 2014, 2017
2A Men's Tennis – 2010, 2011
2A Men's Track & Field – 2000
2A Volleyball – 2011
2A Women's Basketball – 1992, 2020
1A/2A Women's Golf – 2021
1A/2A Women's Tennis – 1986
2A Wrestling State Dual Team – 2013, 2014, 2016
Notable people
Alumni
Dale Jarrett, NASCAR driver and 1999 Winston Cup Series champion
Chaz Beasley, North Carolina House of Representatives member
W. Stine Isenhower, North Carolina House of Representatives member
Robert Kearns, bass player for Lynyrd Skynyrd and Sheryl Crow
Brock Long, former director of FEMA
Andy Petree, vice president of Richard Childress Racing and NASCAR crew chief
Jerry Punch, auto racing and college football commentator
Dennis Setzer, NASCAR driver
Faculty
Andrea Stinson, former WNBA player and NC State Hall of Fame recipient
References
External links
Official site
Public high schools in North Carolina
Schools in Catawba County, North Carolina
Educational institutions in the United States with year of establishment missing
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4009664
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet%20Texas
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Planet Texas
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"Planet Texas" is a song written by John Andrew Parks III, and recorded by American country music artist Kenny Rogers. It was released in May 1989 as the second single from the album Something Inside So Strong. The song reached #30 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.
Content
The song tells the story of the narrator's encounter with extraterrestrials who take him on a journey through outer space. Upon returning to Earth, he asks the alien visitors of their origin; they reply they are from a planet called Texas, "the biggest place in outer space" (a nod to Texas' "larger than life" notoriety). Rogers described the song as "the most unique song" he had done in many years.
Julien Temple directed the song's music video, which features a number of special effects and cost over $600,000 to make.
Chart performance
References
1989 singles
Kenny Rogers songs
Song recordings produced by Jim Ed Norman
Reprise Records singles
1989 songs
Songs about Texas
Songs about extraterrestrial life
Music videos directed by Julien Temple
Songs about outer space
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4009671
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat%20Carter
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Pat Carter
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Pat Carter (born August 1, 1966) is a former American football player, active from 1988 to 1998. After graduating from Florida State University, Carter played tight end for the Detroit Lions, the Los Angeles and St. Louis Rams, the Houston Oilers, and the Arizona Cardinals.
Pat Carter entered his third NFL season with Head Coach Rod Marinelli’s coaching staff. He returned to Detroit as the Lions’ tight ends coach in 2006 after originally being drafted as a tight end out of Florida State by the Lions in the second round (32nd overall) of the 1988 NFL Draft.
Before joining the Lions staff, Carter served as an offensive assistant in St. Louis for the 2005 season after working as a coaching intern for the Rams in 2004.
After playing his rookie season with the Lions (1988), Carter moved on to spend the bulk of his pro career with the Rams (1989–93, 1995) after he was traded by the Lions to the Rams in August 1989 for a fourth-round pick in the 1990 draft. He also played one season with the Houston Oilers (1994) and finished his 10-year career with Arizona (1996–97). Carter, who earned first-team All-America honors by The Sporting News as a senior at Florida State, played in 154 NFL games and had 107 career receptions for 1,117 yards and nine touchdowns. His best pro season was in 1996 when he registered 26 receptions for 329 yards and a touchdown with the Cardinals.
References
External links
Detroit Lions
1966 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Sarasota, Florida
American football tight ends
Florida State Seminoles football players
Detroit Lions players
Los Angeles Rams players
Houston Oilers players
St. Louis Rams players
Arizona Cardinals players
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4009681
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac%20McCoy
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Isaac McCoy
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Isaac McCoy (June 13, 1784 – June 21, 1846) was a Baptist missionary among the Native Americans in what is now Indiana, Michigan, Missouri, and Kansas. He was an advocate of Indian removal from the eastern United States, proposing an Indian state in what is now Kansas, Nebraska, and Oklahoma. He also played an instrumental role in the founding of Grand Rapids, Michigan and Kansas City, Missouri.
Early life
McCoy was born in Uniontown, Pennsylvania, in 1784. Five years later, the McCoy family rafted down the Ohio River to Kentucky, settling first near Louisville and in 1792 in Shelby County. His father was a Baptist minister, sharing profound arguments with him about religion. His father, on theological principles shared by many of his congregation, was opposed to evangelizing. McCoy was inspired in childhood to become a missionary to Native Americans and determined on that work.
Marriage and family
In 1804 at the age of 20, Isaac McCoy married Christiana Polke (1778–1851), age 16, in Kentucky; she was a cousin of the future President James K. Polk. Christiana's family had been at Kincheloe's Station, Nelson County, Kentucky, when it was attacked. Her mother and four siblings were carried into captivity by the Shawnee and Christiana was born after that time. They were taken to Michigan, where they lived with the Indians for 13 months. They were eventually "bought" or ransomed by the British, who sent them south to return to their people in Kentucky.
The McCoys had 14 children, only four of whom survived to adulthood. John Calvin McCoy assisted his father and became prominent in the early history of the Kansas and Missouri frontiers.
McCoy's wife, Christiana, died in Kansas City in 1851. A stream in Elkhart County, Indiana and a lake in Cass County, Michigan are named for her.
Westward migration
Soon after their marriage, the young couple departed Kentucky for Vincennes, Indiana. Although he had no training and no formal education, McCoy became a part-time preacher. In 1808 the Silver Creek Baptist Church, the first Baptist Church in Indiana, granted McCoy a license "to preach the Gospel wherever God in His providence might cast his lot". The Silver Creek church was located near what became Sellersburg in Clark County. In 1809, McCoy became pastor of Maria Creek Church near Vincennes and in 1810, the Church ordained him as a minister. He was the town jailor at Vincennes.
Through illness and poverty, McCoy traveled widely (if unsuccessfully) on the frontier promoting the Baptist church. In 1817, the Baptist Board of Foreign Missions appointed him as a missionary to the settlers and Indians in Indiana and Illinois territories. Though his original intention was to preach to frontiersmen, his interests and concern for Indians quickly began to dominate his work.
Missions in Indiana and Michigan
McCoy founded his first "religious station" and school in October 1818 in what became Parke County, Indiana, on Big Raccoon Creek upstream from the later Wea Indian reservation at Armiesburg. The mission was said to be situated between Rosedale and Bridgeton. The Wea showed little interest in the school, however, and it failed. McCoy at that time was likely the only white settler in Parke County. In February 1819, he performed the first marriage in the county, between two métis, Christmas Dazney (Noel Dagenet) and Mary Ann Isaacs (a Brotherton or Mohegan from upstate New York). In 1821, in compensation for his work with McCoy and for the federal government as an interpreter, Dazney filed a land claim between the mouths of Sugar Creek and Big Raccoon Creek north and east of present-day Montezuma and established a Wea-Miami reservation there. This was the first reservation that came about as a result of a connection with Isaac McCoy, though McCoy had left the area by then. Dazney was eventually instrumental in leading bands of Indiana Indians west to Kansas after the Indian Removal Act of 1830. Dazney died in Kansas in 1848.
In May 1820, the McCoy family moved to Fort Wayne, Indiana to set up a mission to the Miami tribe. His school at Fort Wayne attracted 40 Miami, Potawatomi, and mixed-blood children, several whites, and one African American. The Miami and Potawatomi tribes at this time consisted of mixed-race people and there were no clear lines of distinction between races within the tribes. In 1821, McCoy made the first of many visits to Washington, DC, seeking approval by the federal government, unsuccessfully on this occasion, for him to appoint teachers, blacksmiths, and other "agents of civilization" to be provided the Indians under newly ratified treaties. In 1821, Chief Little Turtle of the Miamis, along with 16 other Indians and the captive William Wells, also made a trip to Washington, DC. It was Little Turtle's second visit to a President. The trip resulted in a government-funded Quaker agricultural mission to the Miamis.
In December 1822, McCoy left Fort Wayne and moved his family and 18 Indian students to a site on the St. Joseph River near the present-day city of Niles in southwestern Michigan; he opened a mission to the Pottawatomi. The Carey Mission, as it came to be known, was 100 miles from the nearest White settlement. The Pottawatomi gave McCoy a relatively warm welcome and helped feed his large family and Indian students through their early seasons in the territory. McCoy enjoyed more success here than in his earlier endeavors. His school expanded to have 76 Indian children, four Indian employees, five missionaries, six white children, and a millwright.
In 1826, McCoy led his family in another move, deeper into the frontier, where he established the Thomas Mission to the Odawa people, at what was later to become Grand Rapids, Michigan. McCoy and his missionaries were the first European-American settlers in Niles and Grand Rapids.
Indian removal
McCoy began in 1823 to advocate that the Indian nations of the East be moved west "beyond the frontiers of the White settlement". He believed that getting the tribes to their own, isolated places, away from the reach of whiskey traders and others who were exploiting them, would give them a better chance of surviving and becoming Christianized. McCoy's ideas for removal of the Indians were not new, but he promoted the idea that the U.S. government should fund "civilization programs" to educate the Indians and turn them into farmers and Christians. McCoy expanded his concept later to propose the creation of an Indian state making up most of the land area of what is now Kansas, Oklahoma, and Nebraska.
McCoy thought of himself as the future leader of what he called "Indian Canaan", but he had little confidence in his fellow missionaries. They never accomplished more than "to soften the pillows of the dying" and had "too recently been transplanted from the sterile plains of religious bigotry, to expand with liberal views of the character, and of the just rights of man". Rather, he placed his faith in the government to create for the Indians "a country of their own" where they could "feel their importance, where they can hope to enjoy, unmolested, the fruits of their labours, and their national recovery need not be doubted". His proposed Indian colony, to become subsequently a Territory and then a State within the United States, would be guided by a benign U.S. government and missionaries with whiskey dealers and dishonest merchants banned.
McCoy failed to foresee that the frontier of white settlement was expanding so rapidly that his Indian Canaan would be overrun by settlers before Indians could enjoy "unmolested, the fruits of their labours". Moreover, he overestimated the good will and capacity of the government. During the tragic removals forced on the Indians by the U.S. government in the 1830s and later, thousands would die of neglect and arrive in Kansas and Oklahoma impoverished and starving. McCoy's conversion programs and philosophy of removal, though well-intentioned, culminated in the 1838 Potawatomi Trail of Death.
Surveyor of Indian Territory
The possibility of removing eastern Indians west of the Mississippi River was enhanced in 1825 when the Osage and the Kaw ceded large portions of their lands in Kansas and Oklahoma to the United States. In 1828, Congress authorized McCoy to lead an expedition to survey lands to which the Chickasaw, Choctaw, and Creek of the Southeast could be relocated. McCoy also invited representatives of the Potawatomi and Odawa to join the expedition. With the unenthusiastic Indians, McCoy traveled through Kansas and Oklahoma laying out potential reservations and devising in his mind the organization of an Indian State.
In June 1829, McCoy moved his family to Fayette, Missouri. Late that year, at his own expense, he carried out a survey on the Kaw lands. In 1830, with Kaw "mixed blood" Joseph James as his guide he surveyed and established the boundaries of a reservation for the Delaware tribe who were persuaded to move there from their territories in southern Missouri.
In 1829, his book was published, Remarks on the Practicability of Indian Reform, Embracing Their Colonization. It recounts a four-page, cited, historical summary of the essential justification of the European colonization of the continent since Jamestownand refutes each essential element. He laments the callous conquest of the native tribes, the disregard of their very concept of government, land rights, and freely chosen lifestylecomparing this to a hypothetical conquest of the modern Washington, DC by Chinese invaders who could similarly see America as alien, uncivilized, and inferior.
In 1830, Congress passed the Indian Removal Act, which formally authorized the removal of eastern Indians to the West. For the next ten years, McCoy was engaged in surveying boundaries of reservations for more than twenty tribes who moved west to present-day Kansas. Often they comprised small remnants of formerly powerful peoples. McCoy had hoped to be one of the three commissioners appointed to oversee Indian Territory, but he was passed over and his dreams of becoming the government's chief representative to the Indian tribes were dashed.
Aware of the fraud, abuse, and neglect involved in the removal of Indians westward, McCoy rationalized that it was for the greater good of having Indian lands secured for them in perpetuity. Such "perpetuity" was to last little more than two decades.
Missionary work in the 1830s
McCoy, his son John, his daughter Delilah, and her missionary husband Johnston Lykins, worked together as missionaries to the Shawnee and Lenape (Delaware), following them to what is now Kansas City, Missouri, on the border of Indian Territory and near their reservations. The younger McCoy established a trading post at Westport, Missouri. He was among the first organizers of Kansas City. Lykins became the city's first legally elected mayor.
McCoy's strong views were often at odds with the Baptist mission board and other missionaries. In 1832, a smallpox epidemic was killing thousands of Indians. McCoy traveled to Washington, seeking funds from Congress to support a vaccination program for Indians. He found little enthusiasm for such a bill. The Missouri Senator, Alexander Buckner, said to him about the Indians, "if they were all dead it would be a blessing for our country." Partially due to his efforts, Congress eventually passed a modest bill to finance Indian vaccinations.
In 1833, an armed McCoy was involved with a company of "ruffians", a mob in Independence, Missouri who attacked Mormon families at gunpoint and expelled them from their homes onto the prairie, where they nearly starved. The Autobiography of Parley Parker Pratt recalls: "While we thus made our escape the companies of ruffians were ranging in every direction; bursting into homes without fear, knowing that the people [the Mormons] were disarmed; frightening women and children, and threatening to kill them if they did not flee immediately. At the head of one of these parties appeared the Rev. Isaac McCoy (a noted Baptist missionary to the Indians), with gun in hand, ordering the people to leave their homes immediately and surrender everything in the shape of arms. Other pretended preachers of the Gospel took part in the persecution—speaking of the [Mormon] Church as the common enemies of mankind, and exulting in their afflictions." Edward Partridge recalled the same incident in a letter of 1839, when the Mormons were disarmed at Independence: "Wednesday Nov 6th. The arms being taken from the Saints the mob now felt safe and were no longer militia. They formed themselves into companies and went forth on horseback armed to harass the saints and pick up all the arms they could find. Two of these companies were headed by Baptist priests. The Rev. Isaac McCoy headed one of about 60 or 70, the other's was about 30 or 40. They went through the different settlement[s] of the Saints threatening them with death and destruction if they were not off immediately... The mobs whipped and shot at some and others they hunted, for as they said to kill them. Such mobs well lined with whiskey were acting worse than savages."
Although he was involved in numerous projects on behalf of what he perceived as the best interest of Indians, McCoy was nearly destitute during much of the 1830s, taking in boarders and working as bookkeeper in a neighboring store. He hoped to be appointed as the government overseer of Indians. He lobbied in Washington and on the frontier seeking, unsuccessfully, for U.S. government recognition of the Indian lands as an official U.S. Territory.
While in Missouri, a slave state, in 1835 McCoy purchased a female slave named Chainy. Opposed to slavery, he said that he had bought her to prevent her being separated from her husband and children by being sold through a slave market. It appears he already owned her husband and children. In his will he provided for her to be manumitted, on the condition that she pay his estate (or descendants) her purchase price of $415 plus interest. He also provided for her children (also his property) to be freed when each reached age 24.
In 1840, McCoy wrote one of the earliest, most personally informed reports on the Midwestern Native American tribes, The History of Baptist Indian Missions. In 1842 he returned East to Louisville, Kentucky, where he directed the Baptist American Indian Mission Association. He wrote additional works on Indians and the missions. He died there in 1846 and was buried in Western Cemetery.
Assessment
McCoy was much more of a social reformer than a missionary, hardly being concerned in his later years with converting Indians to Christianity. He "attacked the system of law and custom by which Indians had been kept in bondage" and "his object was to free the Indians from those restraints." His solution was to move the Indians beyond where they could be corrupted and exploited by Whites. But the tide of westward expansion in the U.S. was too strong and his plans failed. His biographer said that the vision of this rude, untutored preacher and pioneer was "somewhat breathtaking".
References
Further reading
External links
The Isaac McCoy Papers at The Kansas Historical Society
1784 births
1846 deaths
People from Uniontown, Pennsylvania
American city founders
People from the Kansas City metropolitan area
People from Grand Rapids, Michigan
People from Louisville, Kentucky
United States Indian agents
People from Vincennes, Indiana
Critics of Mormonism
People from Fayette, Missouri
Baptist missionaries in the United States
19th-century Baptists
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4009695
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War%20of%20Ages
|
War of Ages
|
War of Ages (sometimes abbreviated WoA; formerly known as Point Zero) is an American Christian metal band formed in Erie, Pennsylvania, in 2002.
The band's self-titled debut album War of Ages was released in 2005, and in February 2006, they were moved to the Facedown Records roster and recorded their second full-length album, Pride of the Wicked, released in September 2006. Arise and Conquer was released in 2008. The band's fifth offering Eternal, was released in 2010. Their seventh studio album Supreme Chaos was released in 2014. Their eighth studio album Alpha was released in 2017, their ninth album, Void, 2019.
History
War of Ages began in 2002, originally as Point Zero. The band's original lineup consisted of vocalist Leroy Hamp, lead guitarist Steve Brown, rhythm guitarist Matt Moore, bassist Nate Owensby, and drummer Rob Kerner. With this lineup, the band recorded their debut EP, Unite Us All. Shortly after this release, the band switched names to War of Ages and signed with Strike First Records. The band connected with the label via their friends in xDISCIPLEx A.D., who were also from Erie, Pennsylvania.
The band would record a self-titled debut, which was released by Strike First Records in July 2005. However, Kang Garnic replaced Moore during this time on guitars. In 2006, the band released their sophomore album, Pride of the Wicked, adding on former Mortal Treason bassist TJ Alford, Hamp's brother Alex Hamp on drums, and rhythm guitarist Johnathan Lynch.
In 2007, the band released their third album, Fire from the Tomb, which was a re-recording of many of their debut album's tracks. The band went into Cathouse Studios and began recording the album. Arise and Conquer was released in 2008, with Branon Bernatowicz joining the band as rhythm guitarist. Following Arise and Conquer, the band began working with As I Lay Dying vocalist Tim Lambesis to produce their next album, Eternal, which would feature Lambesis on guest vocals, as well as Josh Gilbert and Sonny Sandoval. The album was released in April 2010. It was written to stand out and was an emotional release. The album was very well received, becoming the first to rank on the Billboard charts. In 2012, the band released their sixth studio album, Return to Life. Following in the footsteps of Eternal, the album ranked on the Billboard, but some reviewers did not enjoy the album as much.
In July 2014, the band released their seventh album, Supreme Chaos, which saw the induction of the newest member, Hope for the Dying's Jack Daniels on rhythm guitars. With Daniels addition, the band added a very European style. The album would also rank on the Billboard charts, ranking at 107 on the Billboard 200, 37 on Billboard Rock charts, 14 on Hard Rock charts, 5 on the Christian charts, and 24 on the Independent albums charts.
In December 2017, the band released their eighth album, Alpha, with the lineup of Hamp, Daniels, Brown, and a session drummer, Alex Rüdinger, who also worked with The Faceless and 7 Horns 7 Eyes. In September 2019, the band released their ninth studio album, Void, alongside several singles. The album would also be the debut for The Burial members Elisha Mullins on bass and Kaleb Luebchow on drums.
On June 25, 2021, War of Ages released a new single, "No Altars". On September 24, the band released another single, "Pyrite", and also announced the upcoming release of a new EP, Rhema, on October 29.
On July 29, 2022, the band announced that drummer Kaleb Luebchow passed away two days prior.
Christianity
The band is known for their strong Christian faith which is expressed in their lyrics. In a 2009 radio interview with The Full Armor of God Broadcast, Leroy Hamp professed that as Christians the band wants to "Make a difference in a world that's covered in darkness."
Band members
Current members
Leroy Hamp – lead vocals (2002–present)
Steve Brown – lead guitar (2002–present)
Elisha Mullins – bass (2012, 2018–present)
Jack Daniels – rhythm guitar (2013–present)
Session musicians
Alex Rüdinger – drums (2017)
Former members
Nate Owensby – bass (2002–2005)
Rob Kerner – drums (2002–2005)
Matt Moore – rhythm guitar (2002–2004)
Kang Garnic – rhythm guitar (2004–2005)
Alex Hamp – drums (2005–2017)
T.J. Alford – bass, backing vocals (2005–2012)
Luke Johnathan Lynch – rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2005–2008)
Branon Bernatowicz – rhythm guitar (2006–2012), bass (2016–2017)
Mark Randazzo – rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2012–2013)
Ryan Tidwell – bass, backing vocals (2013–2014)
Brendan Hengle – bass (2014–2016)
Kaleb Luebchow – drums (2017–2022) (died 2022)
Timeline
Discography
Studio albums
EPs
Unite Us All (2004) (independent EP)
Rhema (2021) (Facedown Records)
Music videos
"Stand Your Ground" (directed by: Facedown Records)
"Strength Within" (directed by: Facedown Records)
"Through the Flames" (directed by: Andy Reale)
"All Consuming Fire" (directed by: Andy Reale)
"Collapse" (directed by: Drew Russ)
"Silent Night" (directed by: DJ Cosgrove)
"Redeemer" (lyric video)
"From Ashes" (directed by: Matt Spencer)
"Chaos Theory" (directed by: Matt Spencer)
"Lionheart" (directed by: Matt Spencer)
"Creator" (directed by: Matt Spencer)
"Miles Apart" (directed by: Matt Spencer)
References
External links
War of Ages at Facedown Records
War of Ages interview with Leroy Hamp
Leroy Hamp of War of Ages
War of Ages Frontman Leroy Hamp Talks Christians in a band vs Christian band
War of Ages on Lambgoat
Musical groups from Pennsylvania
American metalcore musical groups
Musical groups established in 2002
American Christian metal musical groups
2002 establishments in Pennsylvania
Facedown Records artists
Strike First Records artists
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4009699
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purdue%20Polytechnic%20Institute%20Kokomo
|
Purdue Polytechnic Institute Kokomo
|
The Purdue Polytechnic Institute Kokomo is a satellite campus of the Purdue Polytechnic Institute. Before moving to its current location in the Inventrek building on Firmin Street, Kokomo, it was co-located on the Indiana University Kokomo campus.
Purdue Polytechnic Kokomo is part of the Purdue Polytechnic statewide system. The curriculum for the technology programs at Kokomo is identical to the curriculum on the West Lafayette campus.
Academics
As of 2010, there were approximately 200 undergraduate students at Purdue Kokomo and 14 full-time faculty. Degrees are awarded by Purdue University. Associate degree programs that do not have corresponding Bachelor degrees, can be completed at any other Purdue University campus.
College of Technology at Kokomo offers the following programs:
Computer and Information Technology
Computer Engineering Technology
Electrical Engineering Technology
Engineering Technology
Mechanical Engineering Technology
Organizational Leadership
Certificate Programs
External links
Purdue College of Technology (Statewide programs and locations)
References
Purdue University College of Technology Kokomo website, Purdue University College of Technology West Lafayette, retrieved 6/25/11.
Kokomo, Indiana
Purdue University
Purdue University system campuses
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4009703
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomo%20Saeki
|
Tomo Saeki
|
is a Japanese voice actress.
Notable voice roles
Bastard!! as Obaba
Cardcaptor Sakura as Yukie Kimura
Coji-Coji as Tanuki
Dai-Guard
Di Gi Charat as Coo Erhard
Di Gi Charat - A Trip to the Planet as Coo Erhard
Di Gi Charat Christmas Special as Coo Erhard
Di Gi Charat Natsuyasumi Special as Coo Erhard
Di Gi Charat Nyo as Coo Erhard
Di Gi Charat Ohanami Special as Coo Erhard
Di Gi Charat Summer Special as Coo Erhard
Digimon Tamers as Kai Urazoe
Dragon Drive as Gokaku
Galaxy Angel A as Malibu Peirou
Galaxy Angel X as Malibu Peirou
Gunslinger Girl as Emilio
Juvenile Orion as Tsukasa Amou
Khronos Gear as Napo=Leo
Leave it to Piyoko! as Coo Erhard
Magical Shopping Arcade Abenobashi as Satoshi Imamiya
Magical Witchland as Nonononn
Magical Play 3D as Nonononn
Master of Mosquiton '99 as boy (ep 22); child (ep 23); housewife (ep 2)
Millennium Actress
Mon Colle Knights as Mondo Ooya
Mouse as Machiko Tsukioka
Neppu Kairiku Bushi Road as Hashiba Hinata
Ojamajo Doremi as Igarashi-senpai
Ojamajo Doremi as Akatsuki
Outlaw Star as Lady (ep 2)
Petite Princess Yucie as Cube
Reiwa no Di Gi Charat as Coo Erhard
Sol Bianca: The Legacy as Jani
A Little Snow Fairy Sugar as Salt
A Little Snow Fairy Sugar Summer Special as Salt
The Melody of Oblivion as Solo
Very Private Lesson as Kojishi
References
External links
Japanese voice actresses
1973 births
Living people
People from Osaka Prefecture
|
4009712
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Cottam
|
Thomas Cottam
|
Thomas Cottam (1549 – 30 May 1582) was an English Catholic priest and martyr from Lancashire, who was executed during the reign of Elizabeth I.
Life
Cottam was born to Protestant parents, Laurence Cottam of Dilworth and Anne Brewer, but was converted as an adult to Catholicism by Thomas Pound. He studied at Brasenose College, Oxford, and received his M.A. on 14 July 1572, before leaving for London, where he became master of a grammar school. It was there that he met Pound and decided to head to Douai to become a priest.
He was ordained a deacon at Cambrai in December 1577 and, desiring to become a missionary to India, went to Rome and was received as a Jesuit novice at Sant' Andrea on 8 April 1579. That October he came down with a fever and was sent to Lyons to recuperate. The spy Sledd had been in Rome, and traveling with some Englishmen arrived in Lyon, where he made the acquaintance of Cottam. Discovering that Cottam intended to proceed to England, he made careful note of Cottams's appearance and particulars and continuing on to Paris passed the information to the English ambassador.
From there he went to the English College, Rheims, considering himself accepted for India, if his health improved after a visit to England. He was ordained around 28 May 1580, at Soissons and left on 5 June with four companions for England. Betrayed by Sledd, he was immediately arrested at Dover. Through a ruse by Dr. Ely, one of his fellow-travellers, Cottam reached London safely; however, the good deed put the doctor at risk, and Cottam voluntarily surrendered himself.
He was initially committed "close prisoner" to the Marshalsea, where it is thought he said his first Mass. After being tortured, he was removed on 4 December 1580 to the Tower, where he endured the rack and the scavenger's daughter (twice). Cottam was arraigned with Edmund Campion and others and on 16 November 1581, he was sentenced to death. His execution was deferred until 30 May 1582, when he was executed at Tyburn.
See also
Douai Martyrs
References
1549 births
1582 deaths
Executed people from Lancashire
English beatified people
Converts to Roman Catholicism
16th-century English Jesuits
Martyred Roman Catholic priests
People executed under Elizabeth I
16th-century Roman Catholic martyrs
16th-century venerated Christians
Forty-one Martyrs of England and Wales
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4009722
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kjer%27s%20optic%20neuropathy
|
Kjer's optic neuropathy
|
Dominant optic atrophy, or dominant optic atrophy, Kjer's type, is an autosomally inherited disease that affects the optic nerves, causing reduced visual acuity and blindness beginning in childhood. This condition is due to mitochondrial dysfunction mediating the death of optic nerve fibers. Dominant optic atrophy was first described clinically by Batten in 1896 and named Kjer’s optic neuropathy in 1959 after Danish ophthalmologist Poul Kjer, who studied 19 families with the disease. Although dominant optic atrophy is the most common autosomally inherited optic neuropathy (i.e., disease of the optic nerves) aside from glaucoma, it is often misdiagnosed.
Presentation
Autosomal dominant optic atrophy can present clinically as an isolated bilateral optic neuropathy (non-syndromic form) or rather as a complicated phenotype with extra-ocular signs (syndromic form).
Dominant optic atrophy usually affects both eyes roughly symmetrically in a slowly progressive pattern of vision loss beginning in childhood and is hence a contributor to childhood blindness. Vision testing will reveal scotomas (areas of impaired visual acuity) in the central visual fields with peripheral vision sparing and impaired color vision (color blindness). Visual acuity loss varies from mild to severe, typically ranging from 6/6 (in meters, equivalent to 20/20, ft) to 6/60 (20/200, ft) with a median value of 6/36 (roughly equivalent to 20/125 ft), corrected vision. In rare cases, vision loss is more severe.
Characteristic changes of the fundus evident on examination is temporal pallor (indicating atrophy) of the optic disc and in its end stage, excavation of the optic disc, as is also seen in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy and normal tension glaucoma.
Because the onset of Dominant optic atrophy is insidious, symptoms are often not noticed by the patients in its early stages and are picked up by chance in routine school eye screenings. First signs of Kjer's typically present between 4–6 years of age, though presentation at as early as 1 year of age has been reported. In some cases, Dominant optic atrophy may remain subclinical until early adulthood.
Progression of dominant optic atrophy varies even within the same family. Some have mild cases with visual acuity stabilizing in adolescence, others have slowly but constantly progressing cases, and others still have sudden step-like decreases in visual acuity. Generally, the severity of the condition by adolescence reflects the overall level of visual function to be expected throughout most of the patient’s adult life (Votruba, 1998). Slow decline in acuity is known to occur in late middle age in some families.
In complicated cases of autosomal dominant optic atrophy, in addition to bilateral optic neuropathy, several other neurological signs of neurological involvement can be observed: peripheral neuropathy, deafness, cerebellar ataxia, spastic paraparesis, myopathy.
Genetics
Dominant optic atrophy is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. That is, a heterozygous patient with the disease has a 50% chance of passing on the disease to offspring, assuming his/her partner does not have the disease. Males and females are affected at the same rate. Although Kjer's has a high penetrance (98%), severity and progression of DOA are extremely variable even within the same family.
Pathophysiology
Vision loss in dominant optic atrophy is due to optic nerve fiber loss from mitochondria dysfunction. Dominant optic atrophy is associated with mutation of the OPA1 gene found on chromosome 3, region q28-qter. Also, 5 other chromosomal genes are described as causing optic atrophy: OPA2 (x-linked), OPA3 (dominant), OPA4 (dominant), OPA5 (dominant) and OPA6 (recessive) (see OMIM 165500).
The OPA1 gene codes for a dynamin-related GTPase protein targeted to the mitochondrial inner membrane. OPA1 has distinct roles in the fusion of mitochondrial inner membranes during mitochondrial fusion events, and in regulation of cell death.
Mitochondria are subcellular structures that generate and transform energy from metabolism into discrete usable units (ATP) for the cell’s functions (See oxidative phosphorylation, electron transport chain). Retinal ganglion cells (neurons), which make up the optic nerve, have a high energy demand and are particularly sensitive to mitochondrial dysfunction. This is especially the case for smaller and less myelinated neurons such as those found in the papillomacular bundle of the retina, which transmit information corresponding to the central visual field. Biochemical and mitochondrial morphological studies on cells from patients affected by autosomal dominant optic atrophy have shown a severe defect in the shape (with a very remarkable fragmentation of the mitochondrial tubules in small spheres) and distribution of mitochondria, occurring independently from a bioenergetic defect (respiratory chain function, ATP synthesis, and reactive oxygen species production) or apoptosis, indicating that the mitochondrial fusion defect is the primary pathogenetic mechanism, although variable bioenergetic defects can also occur as a secondary phenomenon, especially in severe cases with complicated phenotypes and accumulation of multiple mitochondrial-DNA deletions.
Over 60 different mutations of the OPA1 gene causing Kjer's have been reported, most of which occur in the catalytic domain of the protein.
Mutations at the OPA1 gene are also associated with normal tension glaucoma (OMIM 606657) and deafness (OMIM 125250).
Management
Currently there is no effective therapy for dominant optic atrophy, and consequently, these patients are simply monitored for changes in vision by their eye-care professional. Children of patients should be screened regularly for visual changes related to dominant optic atrophy. Research is underway to further characterize the disease so that therapies may be developed.
Since November 2018, Cure ADOA Foundation has been focusing on fellow patients and their families. They have the following goals: scientific research, disease awareness, interaction between all parties involved and a trustworthy place for the patients.
Incidence
The incidence of dominant optic atrophy has been estimated to be 1:50000 with prevalence as high as 1:10000 in the Danish population (Votruba, 1998).
See also
Optic atrophy
References
Further reading
Entrez Gene OPA1 4976
OMIM: OPA1 deafness OMIM 125250
OMIM: OPA1 Normotension glaucoma OMIM 606657
OMIM: OPA1 OMIM 605290
OMIM: Optic Atrophy 1 OMIM 165500
External links
Disorders of optic nerve and visual pathways
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4009731
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commerce%20Casino
|
Commerce Casino
|
Commerce Casino is a cardroom located in the Los Angeles suburb of Commerce. With over 240 tables on site, Commerce Casino is the largest cardroom in the world. Established in 1983, the casino accounted for 38% of Commerce's tax revenues for the 2006-2007 fiscal year. , the casino was providing $22 million a year in licensing fees to the city.
In addition to the main cardroom, the Commerce Casino complex includes a full-service 200-room Crowne Plaza Hotel, which houses dining establishments, a day spa, beauty salon, pool and sundeck, banquet rooms, shops, and entertainment. The Commerce is also home to several restaurants and host to live boxing, MMA and Professional Wrestling events. Commerce Casino opened a Playboy-themed gaming lounge in 2014.
Poker
The Commerce Casino offers a wide variety of limit, pot limit and no limit poker games, including:
Seven-card stud
Texas hold 'em
Omaha Hi-Lo Split
HORSE
The casino spreads more Texas Hold'em games than any other casino in the world. Commerce spreads hold'em games as low as 2-3 and 2-4. 3-6, 4-8 & 6-12 exist on the main floor, with 8-16 and larger limit games in the Hotel section. No Limit Hold 'em games have buy-ins as low as $40 and go much higher. There is a new $5/10 $500/$1500 spread No Limit Hold'em game which was first created in 2008.
The Casino's bad beat jackpots sometimes grow into six figures. Commerce Casino offers a $100,000 Super Jackpot for Hold 'em.
Players can bring members of a home game to the Casino and they will provide game instruction, dealers, a pit boss, cards, chips and poker snacks. The "home" games act as live cash games and are eligible for jackpots.
Classes
The casino offers free poker lessons on Tuesdays and Wednesdays at the Crowne Plaza Hotel. Beginner classes are Tuesdays from 8 pm to 10 pm and intermediate classes are held on Thursdays from 8 pm to 10 pm. Registration is available at the company website. The instructor is Roger Rodd "Poker Comedian and Poker Instructor to the Stars."
Tournaments
The Commerce Casino is home to several poker tournament series, including:
Los Angeles Poker Classic - Annual tournament beginning in January and running through early March. This is Commerce's major tournament of the year, involving a World Poker Tour event, a Professional Poker Tour event and the celebrity event, the World Poker Tour Invitational.
California State Poker Championship - Annual tournament, held in May. Originally held in June, the tournament was moved to avoid conflict with the World Series of Poker.
Commerce Hold 'em Series - Annual tournament held in September with smaller buy-ins where every event is Texas hold 'em.
The L.A. Poker Open - Annual tournament held in November.
Restaurants
The Commerce Casino is home to several eating establishments, including:
Wood Dragon Restaurant - Chinese cuisine, the restaurant is located in the Main Lobby of the Crowne Plaza Hotel.
The Arena Sports Bar & Grill - Offers a variety of International cuisine with entertainment, live sporting events and karaoke on various nights. Located in the hotel near the Hi-Limit Section.
The Commerce Cafe - Near the Main Poker Room offering Traditional American cuisine, pastries and Starbucks hot and iced coffees.
Tableside Dining
California games
Commerce also offers Pan, No Bust Blackjack, 3 Card Poker, Let It Ride, Caribbean Stud Poker, 21st Century Baccarat, EZ Baccarat, Pai Gow Poker, Super Pan Nine and 13 Card (Chinese poker).
Games besides poker, such as the ones listed above, are called "California Games" and have been modified to conform to California state gambling laws. The primary difference between California Games and normal casino table games is that the player does not play against the house but rather plays against a third-party provider that banks the games. California law requires that all non-poker games at the Commerce Casino or any California card room are player-banked, meaning players play only against one another, and never against the house. Any player that regularly banks the "player banked games" and does not have a contract with the casino to do so will be barred from the casino. The Commerce serves as a host for these games, providing a venue for their play and benefits indirectly off the gambling revenue through "rent" payments from the third-party provider. The casino also charges a collection to play the game usually 1% of the bet wagered (rounded up to the nearest dollar) for hosting these games.
Off-Track Betting
The Racebook at Commerce Casino opened in July 2009, featuring mini satellite wagering from California and Eastern U.S. race tracks.
Popular culture
In "So Close, Yet So Far", the second episode of the AMC television series, Fear the Walking Dead, an aerial nighttime shot of Los Angeles in the early stages of the zombie apocalypse shows the casino and hotel tower engulfed in flames next to a gridlocked Santa Ana Freeway.
A comedy sketch promoting the casino was featured in First Night 2013 with Jamie Kennedy, a New Year's Eve television special hosted by comedian and television producer Jamie Kennedy.
In Twin Peaks the return, the casino was featured as the Silver Mustang.
Notes
External links
Official site
Pokerfornia review
Casinos in Los Angeles County, California
Casino hotels
Commerce, California
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4009733
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Moses%20%28American%20politician%29
|
John Moses (American politician)
|
John Moses (June 12, 1885March 3, 1945) was the 22nd Governor of North Dakota from 1939 to 1945, and served in the United States Senate in 1945 until his death that year. Excluding those appointed to fill brief vacancies, and those not seated at the beginning of their lawful terms, Moses is the shortest-serving U.S. senator ever, in office for just 59 days.
Biography
Moses was born in Strand in Rogaland county, Norway in 1885. He was the son of Reverend Henrik B. and Isabella (Eckersberg) Moses. He attended public school in Norway, and graduated from the high school at Kongsvinger in 1900 and from junior college in Oslo in 1903. He came to the United States in 1905 and worked for the Great Northern Railway from 1906 to 1911. He entered the University of North Dakota in 1912, and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1914. He entered the University of North Dakota Law School and graduated with a Juris Doctor degree in 1915. He began practicing law at Hazen, North Dakota in 1917. He was married to Ethel Joslyn and had four children.
Political career
From 1919 until 1923, and later from 1927 until 1933, Moses served as State's Attorney for Mercer County. In 1936 he came in third in the three-way governor's race, behind former governor William Langer and incumbent governor Walter Welford (both Republicans). Moses became governor in 1939, following William Langer's second term in the office. Moses worked hard to reduce Langer's influence. He sought to cut government spending and to balance the state's budget. Moses was in office during World War II. He tried to encourage war-time industries to locate in the state, but North Dakota ranked last in the nation for receiving war spending. Despite the lack of wartime appropriations, Moses' administration was a time of prosperity for the state. Rainfall was plentiful and there was a ready market for agriculture products. Moses was a popular governor. During his election campaign he gave speeches in English, German, or Norwegian, depending on his audience. A Democrat, Moses was noted for his support from both political parties. In 1944 Moses defeated Gerald P. Nye for a seat in the United States Senate.
Death
Moses died on March 3, 1945, shortly after taking his place in the Senate. He is buried in St. Mary's Cemetery, Bismarck, North Dakota.
See also
List of United States Congress members who died in office (1900–49)
List of U.S. state governors born outside the United States
List of United States senators born outside the United States
References
Further reading
Schweitzer, Adam John Moses and the New Deal in North Dakota (Master’s thesis, University of North Dakota, 1954)
External links
John Moses Papers at The University of North Dakota
Exhibits - North Dakota Governors - John Moses
Exhibits - North Dakota Governors Online Exhibit
National Governors Association
1885 births
1945 deaths
People from Strand, Norway
Norwegian emigrants to the United States
American Lutherans
North Dakota Democrats
Governors of North Dakota
University of North Dakota alumni
Democratic Party United States senators from North Dakota
People from Mercer County, North Dakota
Democratic Party governors of North Dakota
20th-century American politicians
20th-century Lutherans
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4009736
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Smylie
|
Mark Smylie
|
Mark Smylie is an American comics creator, writer and illustrator. He is best known for his Artesia epic fantasy comic series.
Biography
Born in Florida in 1967, he studied political science, philosophy, art history, and English literature at Columbia University for four years. Besides Artesia, Smylie has also done numerous illustrations for role-playing games and other media. He has done interior illustrations for Dungeons & Dragons manuals, including Faiths and Pantheons, Epic Level Handbook, and Complete Warrior. After first working with Sirius Entertainment, he founded Archaia Studios Press in 2002 to publish Artesia and eventually comics from other creators. The setting of Smylie's novel The Barrow is the same as his Artesia series.
Smylie was nominated for the 2006 Russ Manning award for most promising newcomer, and his Artesia series was nominated for several comics awards.
References
External links
Talking with Archaia Studios Press' Mark Smylie, April 24, 2006, Comic Book Resources
1967 births
American comics writers
American illustrators
Fantasy artists
Living people
Role-playing game artists
Columbia University alumni
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4009771
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Drake%20%28organ%20builder%29
|
William Drake (organ builder)
|
William Drake (1943–2014) was the founder of the firm of William Drake, Organ Builder that manufactures pipe organs in Buckfastleigh, Devon, England. He held a Royal Warrant as organ builder to Queen Elizabeth II.
Biography
Drake was born 1947 in Baltimore, Maryland to an English father and mother of Swiss-American citizenship. Returning to England in 1952 on the death of his father he was educated at Dartington College of Arts where he learned the organ under John Wellingham.
He was inspired to become an organ builder following a visit as a teenager to the exhibition of newly built organs at St Albans International Organ Festival at St Albans Abbey. After completing an apprenticeship in Austria with Rieger Orgelbau he worked with Rudolf Janke in Göttingen. He built a small award-winning organ as his Meisterstuck in the workshop of Patrick Collon in Brussels.
Drake established the firm of William Drake Ltd in 1974 in Buckfastleigh, Devon. The company was part of the John Loosemore Centre for Organ and Early Music - an entity that taught a number of subjects concerning the organ - such as playing of the organ, history, and organ-building. Eventually that program was discontinued, but Drake's organ-building firm continued in the premises.
William Drake Ltd has built new organs and restored instruments in a number of countries, including New Zealand and the United States. For the design of instruments, the firm takes its inspiration from English organs of the 18th and 19th centuries. Organs built by Drake's company are mechanical action instruments and restorations adhere to high standards of historical accuracy.
William Drake died on 11 January 2014, aged 70. Today the business continues under the direction of Geert Noppers and Joost de Boer, who have been members of the staff for many years.
Selected organs
Restoration of the 1780 Seede organ at the Roman Catholic Chapel at Lulworth Castle, Dorset completed 1986, a project that attracted attention internationally.
A new organ at Jesus College, Oxford, 1993
A new organ in eighteenth century manner, within a 1732 case Grosvenor Chapel Mayfair London, completed 1991
Palace of Westminster St Mary Undercroft crypt chapel, a new instrument 1999
Lincoln Cathedral completed 2010
A new instrument in the Peacock Room, Trinity College of Music, Greenwich, London, 2003
1818 Ballroom Organ at Buckingham Palace, completed 2003
1849 Sutton Organ at Jesus College, Cambridge
1857 Robson Organ Queen's University of Belfast, completed 2005
Gray and Davison organ from the 1851 Great Exhibition in Crystal Palace, now installed at St Anne's Limehouse, restored 2006
Restoration of the George Dallam/Christian Smith, and later, organ at the church of St Giles in the Fields, London
A new instrument at Lincoln College, Oxford, 2010
A new instrument in the OBE Chapel, St Faith's Chapel in the crypt of St Paul's Cathedral London 2012
1760 George England organ at Christ's Chapel of God's Gift, Dulwich, restored
Restoration of the Richard Bridge organ at Christ Church Spitalfields which Drake had planned and worked on since 2000, and was completed posthumously by the firm 2015.
References
External links
William Drake, organ builder
Drake, William, Organ Builder
Drake, William, Organ Builder
British Royal Warrant holders
Organ builders of the United Kingdom
1974 establishments in England
Musical instrument manufacturing companies of the United Kingdom
Companies based in Devon
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4009772
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20O%27Rourke
|
Edward O'Rourke
|
Edward O'Rourke, full name Eduard Alexander Ladislaus Graf O'Rourke (; ; October 26, 1876 in Minsk – June 27, 1943) was a Roman Catholic priest, bishop of Riga and the first head of the bishopric of the Free City of Danzig (Gdańsk).
Early life
O'Rourke was born October 26, 1876 in Basin, Minsk, Russian Empire (modern Belarus), to an aristocratic family of Irish ancestry, many of them high officers in the Russian military. The most prominent was Joseph Cornelius O'Rourke. They held imperial titles of the Russian Empire and of the German Holy Roman Empire, but also had petitioned to retain the Irish count title as well, which was granted by the Tsar in 1848. His father was Michael Graf O'Rourke and his mother Baltic-German Angelika von Bochwitz. He received a broad European education and learned a number of languages.
After graduating in 1898 from the famous Jesuit School in Chyrów, then in Galicia, Austria-Hungary, now in Ukraine, he went to Riga, Latvia to study. In 1903 he graduated from the Trade and Mechanics Faculty of the University of Riga. In 1903 he moved to Freiburg, Switzerland, where he continued his studies at the University of Fribourg, faculty of law. The following year O'Rourke moved to the theological faculty at the University of Innsbruck in Austria-Hungary.
On October 27, 1908 he was ordained priest in Wilno, now in Lithuania. He became a professor of ecclesiastical history, German and French at the Seminary of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Minsk-Mohilev in Saint Petersburg. Between 1912 and 1915, he was parish priest of the multilingual congregation of St. Stanislaus in Petersburg.
After the February Revolution in Russia, the church decided to re-establish the diocese of Minsk; O'Rourke was appointed as its administrator and the interim head of the Catholic Church in Russia. He met Achille Ratti for the first time, the Apostolic Visitor for the Baltic Countries and later Pope Pius XI. Due to the proposed independence of Latvia, in 1918 the diocese of Riga was established. O'Rourke was appointed bishop of Riga on the recommendation of Ratti on 29 September 1918.
O'Rourke's position in Riga was problematic as German forces occupied the city in early 1919. By the end of World War I, the ecclesiastical organisation was largely destroyed, and only a few priests remained. O'Rourke did not speak Latvian but tried to encourage Latvian priests. He resigned after a new government in Latvia was appointed and there was a popular movement calling for an ethnic Latvian bishop. He was released from Riga in April 1920 and named titular bishop of Canea He was appointed Apostolic Delegate for the Baltic States. In November 1921 he was also appointed the Pontifical Delegate for Russian refugees in Danzig and East Prussia, and in 1928 for Catholic Russians in Germany.
Free City of Danzig
The Free City of Danzig was split from Germany in 1920. On April 24, 1922 Achille Ratti, then Pope Pius XI, nominated O'Rourke to the post of an Apostolic Administrator of the Free City of Danzig, and, on 21 December 1922, as the titular bishop of Pergamon. After the creation of the Diocese of Danzig on December 30, 1925, O'Rourke was appointed as the first Bishop of Danzig. He initially established good relations with the authorities (who granted him citizenship on 12 June 1926) and the mostly Protestant population. After the Nazis took over the area in 1933, he came into conflict with them over their policies.
He hosted a synod from 10 to 12 December 1935, but growing pressure from the Nazi-majority senate made him resign as bishop of Danzig after he had tried to appoint four additional Polish parish priests.
On 13 June 1938 he was appointed Titular bishop of Sophene. He adopted Polish citizenship in December 1938 and was made Cathedral Canon in Gniezno/Poznań.
When the Germans attacked Poland in September 1939, O'Rourke was on a journey to Estonia. He traveled via Warsaw and Königsberg to Berlin, where he applied for a Visa to Italy. After going to Rome, O'Rourke tried to return to his Diocese in Poznań, but his visa application was rejected by the Germans.
O'Rourke died in Rome on June 27, 1943. His successor as Bishop of Danzig (and later Gdańsk) was Carl Maria Splett.
In 1972 O'Rourke's ashes were moved from Campo Verano to his former bishopric, now in Poland; they were buried in a crypt in the Oliwa Cathedral.
Ancestry and relations
John O'Rourke (1728–1786)
Cornelius O'Rourke
Lieutenant General Joseph Cornelius O'Rourke (1772–1849)
Count Moritz O'Rourke
Count Nicholas O'Rourke
See also
References
Literature
Stefan Samerski: Die Katholische Kirche in der Freien Stadt Danzig 1920–1933. Köln u.a. 1991
Stefan Samerski (Hrsg.): Das Bistum Danzig in Lebensbildern. Ordinarien, Weihbischöfe, Generalvikare, apostolische Visitatoren 1922/25 bis 2000. (= Religions- und Kulturgeschichte in Ostmittel- und Südosteuropa 3). Münster/Hamburg/London 2003.
“Documents and Materials for the History of the O'Rourke Family” by Eduard Graf O'Rourke (O'Rourke had travelled to Ireland in the 1920s to research his Irish ancestry)
External links
Religious Life
Das Bistum Danzig, Stefan Samerski, Page 39 Eduard Graf O'Rourke w. portrait
Document by the Danzig Senate of Freie Stadt Danzig: citizenship of Bishop O'Rourke form 12 June 1926
1876 births
1943 deaths
Bishops of Riga
20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Poland
People of the Russian Empire of Irish descent
Polish people of Irish descent
Latvian people of Irish descent
Belarusian people of Irish descent
Polish people of German descent
Clergy from Minsk
University of Latvia alumni
University of Fribourg alumni
University of Innsbruck alumni
Apostolic Nuncios to Estonia
Apostolic Nuncios to Latvia
Apostolic Nuncios to Lithuania
People from the Free City of Danzig
Russian emigrants to Germany
Russian emigrants to Poland
Polish people of World War II
Expatriates in Switzerland
20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Latvia
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4009786
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphanumericals
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Alphanumericals
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Alphanumericals or alphanumeric characters are a combination of alphabetical and numerical characters. More specifically, they are the collection of Latin letters and Arabic digits. An alphanumeric code is an identifier made of alphanumeric characters.
Merriam-Webster suggests that the term "alphanumeric" may often additionally refer to other symbols, such as punctuation and mathematical symbols.
In the POSIX/C locale, there are either 36 (A-Z and 0-9, case insensitive) or 62 (A-Z, a-z and 0-9, case-sensitive) alphanumeric characters.
Subsets of alphanumeric used in human interfaces
When a string of mixed alphabets and numerals is presented for human interpretation, ambiguities arise. The most obvious is the similarity of the letters I, O and Q to the numbers 1 and 0. Therefore, depending on the application, various subsets of the alphanumeric were adopted to avoid misinterpretation by humans.
In passenger aircraft, aircraft seat maps and seats were designated by row number followed by column letter. For wide bodied jets, the seats can be 10 across, labeled ABC-DEFG-HJK. The letter I is skipped to avoid mistaking it as row number 1. In Vehicle Identification Number used by motor vehicle manufacturers, the letters I, O and Q are omitted for their similarity to 1 or 0.
Tiny embossed letters are used to label pins on an V.35/M34 electrical connector. The letters I, O, Q, S, and Z were dropped to ease eye strain with 1, 0, 5, 3,and 2. That subset is named the DEC Alphabet after the company that first used it.
For alphanumerics that are frequently handwritten, in addition to I and O, V is avoided because it looks like U in cursive, and Z for its similarity to 2.
See also
Alphanumeric brand names
Alphanumeric shellcode
Alphanumeric keyboard
Binary-to-text encoding
Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols
References
Identifiers
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4009788
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yukari%20Fukui
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Yukari Fukui
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is a Japanese actress, voice actress and gravure idol known by the nickname in Japan.
Filmography
Anime
7 of Seven as Nanarin
Dragonaut -The Resonance- as Saki Kurata
Gundam Reconguista in G as Raraiya Monday
Highschool of the Dead as Shizuka Marikawa
Kare Kano as Rika Sena
Kenkō Zenrakei Suieibu Umishō as Mirei Shizuoka
Kill la Kill as Sukuyo Mankanshoku
Mouse as Yayoi Kuribayashi
Macademi Wasshoi! as Falce The Variable Wand
Mushishi as Fuki
Petite Princess Yucie as Cocoloo
Re: Hamatora as Mio (Episode 1)
School Rumble as Sarah Adiemus
Strawberry Panic as Kagome Byakudan
Saint October as Natsuki Shirafuji
Tengen Toppa Gurren Lagann as Nia
Umi Monogatari: Anata ga Ite Kureta Koto as Warin
OVA
FLCL as Junko Miyaji
School Rumble OVA as Sarah Adiemus
Top o Nerae 2! as Nono
Air Gear as Kururu Sumeragi
Video games
Baldr Force EXE as Segawa Minori
Dissidia: Final Fantasy as Tina Branford
Dissidia 012 Final Fantasy as Tina Branford
Dissidia Final Fantasy NT as Tina Branford
Dissidia Final Fantasy Opera Omnia as Tina Branford, Oerba Dia Vanille
Final Fantasy Explorers as Tina Branford
Final Fantasy XIII as Oerba Dia Vanille
Final Fantasy XIII-2 as Oerba Dia Vanille
Lightning Returns: Final Fantasy XIII as Oerba Dia Vanille
God Eater (and its extended version God Eater Burst) as Shio
Luminous Arc 2: Will as Rina
Rune Factory 3 as Sia
True Tears as Gion Inoue
Tartaros Online as Nagi
Toukiden 2 as Benizuki
World of Final Fantasy as Tina Branford
Internet radio
Diebuster Web Radio Top! Less (onsen（音泉）2005.10.4- reset date every Tuesday)
School Rumble nigakki weekend (onsen（音泉）2006．4.－ reset date every Friday）
Music
Anime Toonz Volume 4: Yukari Fukui
References
External links
Official website
Seiyuu Info profile
1984 births
Living people
Japanese women pop singers
Japanese gravure models
Japanese video game actresses
Japanese voice actresses
People from Hiratsuka, Kanagawa
Voice actresses from Kanagawa Prefecture
20th-century Japanese actresses
20th-century Japanese women singers
21st-century Japanese actresses
21st-century Japanese women singers
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4009790
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20M.%20Bowen
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Thomas M. Bowen
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Thomas Mead Bowen (October 26, 1835 – December 30, 1906) was a state legislator in Iowa and Colorado, a Union Army officer during the American Civil War, a justice of the Arkansas Supreme Court, briefly the Governor of Idaho Territory, an elected judge in Colorado and a United States senator from Colorado.
Biography
Bowen was born near the present site of Burlington, Iowa, in what was then Michigan Territory, on October 26, 1835. He attended the public schools and the academy at Mount Pleasant, Iowa. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1853 and began practicing law. He was married to Margaretta T. Bowen.
Career
Bowen moved to Wayne County, Iowa, in 1856 and was a member of the Iowa House of Representatives that year. In 1858, he moved to Kansas.
During the American Civil War, Bowen served in the Union Army. On June 11, 1861, he was appointed captain of the 1st Nebraska Infantry Regiment, later redesignated 1st Nebraska Cavalry Regiment. He resigned from the volunteers on February 5, 1862. He rejoined the Union Army on July 11, 1862 as first lieutenant of the 9th Regiment Kansas Volunteer Cavalry and was promoted to captain, July 30, 1862. Bowen was appointed colonel of the 13th Regiment Kansas Volunteer Infantry, September 20, 1862. Bowen was temporary commander of brigades in the Department of the Missouri and the Department of Arkansas from October 1862 to March 21, 1864. He commanded Brigade 1, Division 1, VII Corps (Union Army) in the Department of Arkansas from March 22, 1865 to June 24, 1865. Bowen was appointed a brevet brigadier general, to rank from March 13, 1865. He was discharged from the volunteers on June 28, 1865.
After the war, Bowen found himself in Arkansas and decided to stay there. He was a member and president of the constitutional convention of Arkansas in 1866; he was also a Reconstruction era justice of the Arkansas Supreme Court from 1867 to 1871.
Bowen, who made a large fortune in business, was appointed governor of Idaho Territory by U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant on April 19, 1871, but resigned on September 27, 1871 and returned to Arkansas. He moved to Colorado Territory in 1873 and resumed the practice of law.
Bowen was elected judge of the Fourth Judicial District Court in Colorado, a position which he held from 1876 until 1880, when he suddenly resigned. He had given a lenient sentence to John J. Hoover, a murderer in Fairplay in Park County, who was thereafter lynched by an irate mob on April 28, 1880, while awaiting transfer to the Colorado State Penitentiary.
Bowen was a member of the Colorado House of Representatives in 1882 and resigned soon thereafter upon his election as a Republican to the United States Senate. He served in that body from March 4, 1883, to March 3, 1889. While in the Senate, he was chairman of the Committee on Mining (in the Forty-eighth Congress), Committee on Enrolled Bills (Forty-ninth and Fiftieth Congresses).
Death
Bowen engaged in mining in Colorado and resided in Pueblo, where he died on December 30, 1906 at the age of seventy-one. He is interred at Roselawn Cemetery in Pueblo.
See also
List of American Civil War brevet generals (Union)
References
External links
Retrieved 2008-10-19
The Political Graveyard
1835 births
1906 deaths
Members of the Iowa House of Representatives
Union Army generals
People of Kansas in the American Civil War
Politicians from Burlington, Iowa
Governors of Idaho Territory
Iowa lawyers
Arkansas Republicans
Justices of the Arkansas Supreme Court
Colorado state court judges
Members of the Colorado House of Representatives
Colorado Republicans
Republican Party United States senators from Colorado
Iowa Republicans
Kansas Republicans
Idaho Republicans
People from Pueblo, Colorado
19th-century American politicians
19th-century American judges
Military personnel from Iowa
Military personnel from Colorado
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4009794
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War%20%28Bob%20Marley%20song%29
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War (Bob Marley song)
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"War" is a song recorded and made popular by Bob Marley. It first appeared on Bob Marley and the Wailers' 1976 Island Records album, Rastaman Vibration, Marley's only top 10 album in the USA. (In UK it reached position 15 May 15, 1976.) The lyrics are almost entirely derived from a speech made by Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie I before the United Nations General Assembly on 4 October 1963.
Songwriting controversy
"War" is credited to Allen "Skill" Cole (idea) and Carlton Barrett (music); the music was an extension of the one-drop drumming style, which Carlton Barrett had developed and refined, if not invented. The lyrics are a near-exact repetition of a 1963 speech in the UN by the Ethiopian emperor Haile Selassie. However, the two simple guitar chords and the semi-improvised, spirited melody put to Selassie's words is unmistakably Marley's.
According to Stephen Davis' biography "Bob Marley," it also appears that Marley had credited several of his multi-million selling 1974-1976 songs to close friends and relatives because he was under an unfavorable publishing contract, signed in April 1968 with Cayman Publishing, that would have otherwise deprived him of much of his songwriting royalties. Crediting close friends, such as football player Allan "Skill" Cole or Wailers drummer Carlton "Carly" Barrett therefore enabled Bob Marley to circumvent the law until new, more favorable agreements were made. This practice, along with the practice of rewarding friends who contributed to compositions by crediting them — even if they only contributed with ideas — and Marley's sudden death without leaving a will all combined to create confusion about the copyright status of several songs, including "War".
Barrett's brother, Wailer musician Aston "Family Man" Barrett (who created the bass line, key to the song's efficiency) has since brought lawsuits against the Marley estate (in practice, the widow Rita Marley) for unpaid royalties and credit for songs such as "War" that were claimed to have been either written by others and not by Bob Marley, or in collaboration with Marley. One such suit reached a settlement in 1994 in which Barrett was paid $500,000. Barrett later continued to pursue legal action, seeking £60 million ($113.6 million at the time) in a suit against the Island-Universal record label and the Marley family, but the case was dismissed on the grounds that the earlier settlement proscribed any further claim on the estate
Background
As taught by the Original Gong, Leonard P Howell, Marley, along with fellow Rastafari, worship Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia as the incarnation of God, and refer to him as "Ras Tafari," "Jah" or "The Lion of Judah" which Marley does in many of his songs. To him, Haile Selassie was not only one of the most prominent African leaders of his time, he was also identified as God returning to Earth as "King of Kings, Lord of Lords" (Revelation 19, 16), imperial titles born both by Haile Selassie and Ethiopian Emperor Menelik II before him. It was Menelik II, who created this self-styled imperial title in the late 19th century after he succeeded in uniting Ethiopia. Marley did however accept Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity eight months before his death.
Haile Selassie gave the "War" speech on October 4, 1963, calling for world peace at the 1963 U.N. General Assembly in New York City. This historical speech was spoken a few weeks after the Organization of African Unity (OAU) was founded in Ethiopian capital city Addis Ababa, where Haile Selassie chaired a summit meeting gathering almost every African head of state (The King of Morocco had declined the invitation).
This U.N. speech resounded even louder as Haile Selassie had made a name for himself on the international scene in 1936, when he spoke at The League of Nations in Geneva. There, Haile Selassie warned the world that if the members of the League did not fulfill their obligation to militarily assist Ethiopia against the invasion by fascist Italy, the League would then cease to exist as a matter of fact and the rest of the member states were to suffer the same fate as his country. Three years later World War II broke out. This visionary speech granted Haile Selassie much respect around the world, eventually leading to British military support, which helped freeing his country in 1941. Addressing the world again in 1963, Haile Selassie's words bore full weight. In picking this utterance for lyrics, Bob Marley thus projected two dimensions of the Ethiopian Emperor: the head of state as well as the Living God Rastafari saw him as.
Lyrics
Although credited to Emperor Haile Selassie I, whose Christian name is Tafari Makonen, the real author of the text remains uncertain . It is sometimes believed that it was written by Lorenzo Tazaz, a close contributor who wrote many of the Ethiopian leader's most important speeches, including a historic one given in 1935 to the League of Nations. But Tazaz died in 1947, over fifteen years before the 1963 U.N. utterance. Spoken in Ethiopia's official Amharic language at the U.N., the 1963 speech was published in English in Important Utterances of H.I.M. Emperor Haile Selassie I 1963-1972. The book gave permission to freely use its contents: "Any portion of this book could be reproduced by any process without permission." The song uses part of Selassie's speech that calls for equality among all without regard to race, class, or nationality in his hymnal cry for peace. It also asserts, quoting Selassie directly, that until the day of an equal society, there will be war. In the original speech, Selassie urged U.N. officials and country representatives to disarm nuclear weapons, and to end international exploitation (specifically with Africa). The song honors Haile Selassie I while calling for action against racial inequality and international injustice. The part of the speech used by Bob Marley was preceded by the following words:
Last May, in Addis Ababa, I convened a meeting of Heads of African States and Governments. In three days, the thirty-two nations represented at that Conference demonstrated to the world that when the will and the determination exist, nations and peoples of diverse backgrounds can and will work together. In unity, to the achievement of common goals and the assurance of that equality and brotherhood which we desire. On the question of racial discrimination, the Addis Ababa Conference taught, to those who will learn, this further lesson:
Here is the part of Haile Selassie's speech put to music by Marley in his original song "War" (Bob Marley slightly modified the original words, changing each "that until" to "until" and added the word "war" several times):
<blockquote>That until the philosophy which holds one race superior and another inferior is finally and permanently discredited and abandoned; That until there are no longer first-class and second-class citizens of any nation; That until the color of a man's skin is of no more significance than the color of his eyes; That until the basic human rights are equally guaranteed to all without regard to race; That until that day, the dream of lasting peace and world citizenship and the rule of international morality will remain but a fleeting illusion, to be pursued but never attained; And until the ignoble and unhappy regimes that hold our brothers in Angola, in Mozambique and in South Africa in subhuman bondage have been toppled and destroyed; Until bigotry and prejudice and malicious and inhuman self-interest have been replaced by understanding and tolerance and good-will; Until all Africans stand and speak as free beings, equal in the eyes of all men, as they are in the eyes of Heaven; Until that day, the African continent will not know peace. We Africans will fight, if necessary, and we know that we shall win, as we are confident in the victory of good over evil. – Haile Selassie I</blockquote>
Here are the lyrics from the Bob Marley and the Wailers at the album Rastaman Vibration:
A different mix, which includes a different horn arrangement, released as a bonus track in the Deluxe Edition (2002) of the Rastaman Vibration album, revealed that Marley had recorded an extra verse also adapted from the original speech:
Until bigotry and prejudice, malicious and inhuman self-interest have been replaced by understanding and tolerance and good will, yeah, war. Until all Africans stand and speak as free beings equal in the eyes of the almighty, war. Everywhere is war.
In his speech to the U.N., Selassie reminded his listeners that "these are only words; their value depends wholly on our will to observe and honor them and give them content and meaning."
The song
The original version of "War" was recorded at Harry J's studio in Kingston, Jamaica, by engineer Sylvan Morris. It includes Aston "Family Man" Barrett on Fender Jazz bass, his brother Carlton 'Carly' Barrett on drums, Earl "Chinna" Smith on guitar, Alvin "Seeco" Patterson on percussion and Tyrone Downie on keyboards. Marcia Griffiths, Judy Mowatt and Rita Marley sing harmony vocals as the I Three. It was produced by Bob Marley & The Wailers and mixed at Miami's Criteria studio by Aston "Family Man" Barrett and Chris Blackwell with engineer Alex Sadkin.
With such potent and meaningful lyrics, the song soon became one of Bob Marley's greatest classics, carrying the Rastafari message to the world in Haile Selassie I's own words. As from 1977, when Bob Marley & The Wailers embarked for their first major world tour in June, "War" was sung at most concerts until Marley's last show on September 23, 1980 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Two live recordings of the song have since been released officially by Tuff Gong/Island Records. The first one was issued on the 1978 Babylon by Bus album recorded live at the Pavillon de Paris in Paris, France, on June 26, 1978. The second was recorded at the Rainbow Theatre in London, England, on June 4, 1977, and was issued on the 2001 Deluxe Edition of the Exodus album. Predating these two is another version, recorded on May 26, 1976 and released in 2003 on Live at the Roxy.
Haile Selassie version
Two other hit versions of the song featuring Bob Marley & the Wailers can also be heard. A vinyl single released in Jamaica on Bruno Blum's Human Race label in December 1997 includes samples of Bob Marley's voice saying "Rastafari is the prince of Peace." But most importantly, the song features the original recording of Haile Selassie I's Amharic speech done in 1963, overdubbed on a new rhythm track played by Wailers original members. The B-side offers a welcome English translation of the speech by Bruno Blum, whose spoken rendition of War includes the second part of the speech not used by Bob Marley:
A second mix of this new recording was also released, charting at the #1 spot in the U.K. Echoes magazine in April 1998. This time it featured samples of Bob Marley & the Wailers' song Selassie Is the Chapel (adapted from Crying in the Chapel), where Bob and Rita Marley's voices can be heard on a sizeable part of the record, as well as Selassie's original "foundation lead vocal," creating a virtual duet between Haile Selassie I and his apostle Bob Marley. Both new versions were recorded at Kingston Musick Studio in Kingston, Jamaica, engineered by Rudy Thomas. They include Wailers survivors Aston "Family Man" Barrett on bass guitar and piano, Mikey "Boo" Richards" on drums and Earl "Wire" Lindo on keyboards, along with guitar and backing vocals by Bruno Blum. Percussionist Norbert "Nono" Nobour and backing singer Tatiana Prus were later added. The sessions were produced by Bruno Blum and mixed by Thierry Bertomeu at AB Studio in St. Denis, France.
Released in Europe on Blum's Rastafari label in early 1998, both "War" and "War/Selassie Is the Chapel" were successful singles contributing to the "new roots" reggae scene where Rastafari themes sung by the likes of Garnett Silk, Luciano and Dennis Brown were popular again after more than a decade of decline. Several singles derived from this new recording were subsequently issued on the label, including Buffalo Bill's War/Warmongers, Big Youth's We No Want No War and Joseph Cotton's Conflicts backed by Doc Reggae's spoken French version Guerre. A full-length CD album entitled The War Album, including all versions, was issued in Europe on the Rastafari label in 2001. A vinyl album was released in Jamaica on the Human Race label in 2004, and the full War Album was reissued in 2010 as part of the Human Race label double CD anthology.
Notable cover version
In 1992 Sinéad O'Connor performed "War" a cappella on Saturday Night Live'' with slightly modified lyrics, referring to child abuse rather than racism. At the end of this performance, she tore up a photograph of Pope John Paul II to protest child abuse by Catholic priests.
See also
List of anti-war songs
References
Anti-war songs
Rastafari
Bob Marley songs
Sinéad O'Connor songs
Songs against racism and xenophobia
Songs about Haile Selassie
Songs involved in plagiarism controversies
1976 songs
Island Records singles
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4009810
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Bowen
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Thomas Bowen
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Thomas, Tom or Tommy Bowen may refer to:
Thomas H. Bowen (1850–1896), South Australian surveyor
Thomas M. Bowen (1835–1906), U.S. Senator
Thomas Bowen (engraver) (died 1790), map engraver
Thomas Bowen (Wisconsin politician) (1808–1883), member of the Wisconsin State Senate
Thomas Bowen (Independent minister) (1756–1827), Welsh Independent minister
Thomas Jefferson Bowen (1814–1875), American expatriate Baptist missionary
Thomas "Tom" Ambrose Bowen (1916–1982), inventor of the Bowen technique
Tom Bowen (athletic director) (born 1961), American sports executive
Tom Bowen (rugby union), English rugby union player
List of Haven characters#Tommy Bowen, fictional character in Haven
Sir Thomas Bowen, 4th Baronet (1921–1989), of the Bowen baronets
Tommy Bowen, member of the English band White Lies
See also
Tom Bowens (born 1940), American basketball player
Tom Webb-Bowen (1879–1956), Royal Air Force officer
Bowen (surname)
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4009812
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kushalgarh
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Kushalgarh
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Kushalgarh is a town and municipality in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is located in the Banswara District approximately 65 km south of the city of Banswara. King Kushala Bhil was founder of Kushalgarh
Kushalgarh was also the name of an Indian Princely State that existed in the same area until 1949.
Geography
Kushalgarh is located at 23.17° N 74.45° E. It has an average elevation of 302 metres (991 feet) above sea level.
Demographics
As of the 2011 Indian census, Kushalgarh had a population of 10,096. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Kushalgarh has an average literacy rate of 73%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 80%, and female literacy is 66%. In Kushalgarh, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.
References
Cities and towns in Banswara district
Princely states of India
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4009815
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced%20Civilization
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Advanced Civilization
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Advanced Civilization is an expansion game for the board game Civilization, published in 1991 by Avalon Hill. Ownership of the original game is necessary to play. While Civilization is in print (by Gibsons Games), Advanced Civilization is not, following the dissolution of the original Avalon Hill game company and sale of all rights to titles to Hasbro in 1998.
Features
Advanced Civilization enhances the game as much as it expands it, clarifying rules and simplifying certain aspects of the game. New features include:
Assigning points to position on the Archaeological Succession Table (AST), rather than void a player from winning who has fallen behind in development
Unlimited Civilization cards, omitting the fight to acquire advances before other players
Seven new commodities cards, making the ever-important trade phase far more exciting
Four new calamity cards
Introduction of non-tradeable calamities
Eight new Civilization cards, including a new group: religion
Simplified trade to speed the game up
Rules for 8 players
Rules for late-comers and those that leave early
Gameplay
Gameplay is broadly similar to Civilization. Most phases of play have minor alterations which simplify or rebalance play, but are still similar to the original.
Some of the major differences are in trade cards and calamities. There are more types of resources, as well as additional calamities. Calamities cannot be discarded or held, and a player who holds a calamity after trading becomes its primary victim, which encourages players to trade tradable calamity cards. The rules for trading are also simplified: each player in a trade must still trade three or more cards, but must only honestly state the number of cards being offered and the name of two of the cards, but not the total point value of the cards.
One of the biggest changes is in determining the victor. Rather than being the first person to reach the end of the AST, victory is determined by points. The largest share of points typically comes from civilization cards, followed by position on the AST; other resources that earn points are cities in play, trade cards, and tokens in treasury.
Video game
Avalon Hill created a video game version of this game, called Avalon Hill's Advanced Civilization. The rules are slightly modified from the board version to make it suitable for computer play.
References
Avalon Hill games
Board games introduced in 1991
Board games about history
World conquest board games
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4009823
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Violent%20Ones
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The Violent Ones
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The Violent Ones is a 1967 film directed by and starring Fernando Lamas. The story was written and created by Charles Davis, Fred Freiberger, Herman Miller, and Doug Wilson. The film was shot in the Alabama Hills, Mojave Desert and Lone Pine, California.
Plot
Juanita, a girl in a town that's populated by Hispanics, is raped and beaten. The only thing she says before falling into a deep coma is that her attacker is an outsider, a Gringo. Local Mexican-American Sheriff Vega arrests all three outsiders there are. All he can do is intimidating the prisoners so that one of them admits to being the attacker, or that the girl wake up to identify him. The girl dies, and her father prepares a lynch mob.
The sheriff can't get any help from the state, and even Mendoza, his deputy, is unwilling to help him. The sheriff takes the prisoners out of the jail in a trip to the closest city where they can be processed. But the prisoners, an unstable kid, a brutish man and a coldly intelligent youngster have other plans.
Cast
Fernando Lamas – Manuel Vega
Aldo Ray – Joe Vorzyck
Tommy Sands – Mike Marain
David Carradine – Lucas Barnes
Ned Romero - Mendoza
Lisa Gaye – Dolores
Melinda Marx – Juanita
Rodolfo Acosta - Estévez
External links
1967 films
1960s crime drama films
American crime drama films
Films about race and ethnicity
Films set in New Mexico
1960s English-language films
1960s American films
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4009825
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takayuki%20Yamaguchi%20%28voice%20actor%29
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Takayuki Yamaguchi (voice actor)
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is a Japanese voice actor who works for 81 Produce.
Notable voice roles
Avenger (TV)
Bakuman. (TV 3) as Mamoru Tamiya; Manager (ep 23)
Battle Spirits: Shōnen Toppa Bashin (TV) as Man (ep 12)
Cardfight!! Vanguard (TV) as Yūta Izaki
Cardfight!! Vanguard: Asia Circuit Hen (TV) as Yūta Izaki
Cardfight!! Vanguard: Legion Mate-Hen (TV) as Yūta Izaki
Cardfight!! Vanguard: Link Joker Hen (TV) as Yūta Izaki
D.Gray-man (TV) as Cheetah (ep 32)
Dual! Parallel Trouble Adventure (TV) as Kazuki Yotsuga
Dual! Parallel Trouble Adventures Special as Kazuki Yotsuga
Early Reins (OAV) as Assistant Engineer; Henchman
G-Saviour (live-action TV movie) as Computer
Gekito! Crush Gear Turbo (TV) as Shinomiya Rai
Glass Mask (TV 2/2005) as Hiroshi Yoshizawa (ep 30)
Golgo 13 (TV) as Marty's man (ep 4)
.hack//Legend of the Twilight (TV) as Tom
Hanaukyo Maid-tai (TV) as exercise dept. A (ep 6); host B (ep 4); male student B (ep 2); man C (ep 5)
Hanaukyo Maid-tai OAV as bear (ep 2); student (ep 1); subordinate (ep 3)
Hand Maid May (TV) as Kazuya Saotome
Hikaru no Go (TV) as Chinese Pro (ep 67); Ryo Iijima
His and Her Circumstances (TV) as Leader of Kento team; Male Student (ep 2); Yoshida (ep 5)
Initial D: Fourth Stage (TV) as Todo Student (ep 3)
Kaikan Phrase (TV) as Lucy May member (eps 2, 37); Shin-chan (ep 40)
Kure-nai (OAV) as Criminal 1 (OVA 1)
Kurenai (TV) as Man 2 (ep 1); Student C (ep 3)
Maburaho (TV) as Male Student; Takashi Yamaguchi
Magical Warfare (TV) as Makoto Hitouji
(The) Marshmallow Times (TV) as Clove
Massugu ni Ikō (TV) as Student (ep 1)
Nagasarete Airantou (TV) as Teruteru Machou (Machi's shikigami; eps 12, 20, 24)
Ojamajo Doremi Na-i-sho (OAV) as Manabu Takagi
Panyo Panyo Di Gi Charat (TV) as Conceited Man
Parappa the Rapper (TV) as Hockey Player (ep 26); Voice on the Phone (ep 20)
Petite Princess Yucie (TV) as Arc
Pokémon (TV) as Boat driver (ep 192); Toy shop employee (ep 138)
Pokémon Chronicles (TV) as Jubei (ep 12)
Restol, The Special Rescue Squad (Korean TV) as Kang Maru
Samurai Deeper Kyo (TV) as Shindara
Starship Operators (TV) as Taishi Kase
Steel Angel Kurumi (TV) as Townsperson (ep 9)
Strawberry Eggs (TV) as Kyousuke Aoki
Tokyo Underground (TV) as Raichi
Zoids: Fuzors (TV) as Malloy
Tom in .hack//Legend Of The Twilight
Kazuki Yotsuga in Dual! Parallel Trouble Adventure
Leonhart (Leon) in Final Fantasy II (PlayStation version)
Brother, Clasko, Keepa, and Wantz in Final Fantasy X
Brother and Clasko in Final Fantasy X-2
Potato-kun in Hamtaro
Kazuya Saotome in Hand Maid May
Takashi Yamaguchi in Maburaho
Arc in Petite Princess Yucie
Kang Maru in RESTOL, The Special Rescue Squad
Kyousuke Aoki in Strawberry Eggs
Clove in The Marshmallow Times
Shindara in Samurai Deeper Kyo
Dubbing
CatDog as Lube Catfield McDog
External links
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Male voice actors from Chiba Prefecture
Japanese male video game actors
Japanese male voice actors
81 Produce voice actors
20th-century Japanese male actors
21st-century Japanese male actors
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4009827
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheeger%20bound
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Cheeger bound
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In mathematics, the Cheeger bound is a bound of the second largest eigenvalue of the transition matrix of a finite-state, discrete-time, reversible stationary Markov chain. It can be seen as a special case of Cheeger inequalities in expander graphs.
Let be a finite set and let be the transition probability for a reversible Markov chain on . Assume this chain has stationary distribution .
Define
and for define
Define the constant as
The operator acting on the space of functions from to , defined by
has eigenvalues . It is known that . The Cheeger bound is a bound on the second largest eigenvalue .
Theorem (Cheeger bound):
See also
Stochastic matrix
Cheeger constant
References
J. Cheeger, A lower bound for the smallest eigenvalue of the Laplacian, Problems in Analysis, Papers dedicated to Salomon Bochner, 1969, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 195-199.
P. Diaconis, D. Stroock, Geometric bounds for eigenvalues of Markov chains, Annals of Applied Probability, vol. 1, 36-61, 1991, containing the version of the bound presented here.
Probabilistic inequalities
Stochastic processes
Statistical inequalities
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4009831
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KMEG
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KMEG
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KMEG (channel 14) is a television station in Sioux City, Iowa, United States, affiliated with the digital multicast network Dabl. It is owned by Waitt Broadcasting, which maintains a shared services agreement (SSA) with Sinclair Broadcast Group, owner of Fox/MyNetworkTV/CBS affiliate KPTH (channel 44), for the provision of certain services. The two stations share studios along I-29 (postal address says Gold Circle) in Dakota Dunes, South Dakota; KMEG's transmitter is located in unincorporated Plymouth County, Iowa east of James and US 75 along the Woodbury County line.
History
The station signed on September 5, 1967, as the market's third television outlet. It has been affiliated with CBS since the beginning. Before its launch, the network had previously been carried on KVTV (channel 9, now KCAU-TV) from 1953 until 1967. That station switched its affiliation to ABC on September 2, 1967, and Siouxland was briefly without a CBS affiliate until KMEG signed on three days later. KMEG was started by a group of local investors led by Bob and Norma Donovan. Its call letters were selected in honor of their daughter Meg who would later pass away.
The station's original ownership group sold KMEG to John Fetzer in 1969. Fetzer sold off all of his broadcasting properties in the mid-1980s. KMEG was among the last to be divested, going to Gillett Holdings in 1985. The next year, Gillett sold the station to the Maine Radio and Television Company, the owner of WCSH-TV in Portland, Maine, and WLBZ-TV in Bangor, Maine. KMEG was one of only two CBS stations not to air the Late Show with David Letterman when it premiered. KXJB-TV in Fargo, North Dakota, also declined to alter its syndicated lineup in order to air the new program. (CBS programming is now seen in Fargo on KXJB-LD/KVLY-DT2.) This led Sioux City to become known as the Late Shows first home office. KMEG began airing the show in 1994.
Maine Radio and Television merged with Gannett in 1998. However, KMEG was not included in the deal; it was acquired by Waitt Broadcasting later in 1998. The new owners significantly upgraded KMEG's facilities, including an increase of its broadcast tower height to and effective radiated power to five million watts. This gave its analog signal on UHF channel 14 a signal comparable to those of KCAU and KTIV (channel 4), spanning 23 counties in northwestern Iowa, northeastern Nebraska, and southeastern South Dakota. Previously, its over-the-air signal was effectively limited to Sioux City itself and the immediate metro area; most of the market had needed cable to get an acceptable signal.
Around the same time Waitt bought KMEG, the company also purchased Fox affiliates WFXL in Albany, Georgia, WPGX in Panama City, Florida, WDFX-TV in Dothan, Alabama, and KYOU-TV in Ottumwa, Iowa. In 2003, Waitt Broadcasting merged with Raycom Media (who concurrently transferred KYOU's license to a third party due to Federal Communications Commission (FCC) duopoly regulations, as Raycom already owned Ottumwa's ABC affiliate KTVO at the time); however, KMEG was not included in the merger and was instead spun off to a new locally based owner that took the Waitt Broadcasting licensee name.
From 1988 until the sign-on of KPTH in early 1999, the station maintained a secondary affiliation with Fox, airing the network's prime time programming out-of-pattern during the late night hours (and beginning in 1994, the network's NFL package); the network's programming was available in-pattern via the network's affiliates in Sioux Falls, Omaha and Des Moines, all of which served the market's outlying areas. It also aired selected UPN programming out-of-pattern until the network merged with The WB (carried locally on KTIV-DT2 and cable television) to form The CW in 2006.
KMEG's first studios were at the corner of 7th Street and Floyd Boulevard in Downtown Sioux City until around the start of the 21st century when it moved into new facilities in Dakota Dunes near North Sioux City, South Dakota. The building was constructed by Darland Construction Company, and at the time, the building housed KMEG and two radio stations (KZSR 102.3 FM and KKYY 101.3 FM). In May 2005, Waitt Broadcasting entered into a shared services agreement (SSA) with Pappas Telecasting, then-owner of KPTH—a rare instance of a Big Three affiliate being junior partner in such an arrangement. The two radio stations moved out and KPTH was integrated into KMEG's facility even though it was the senior partner.
In November 2007, Waitt announced it would sell KMEG to Siouxland Television, LLC. Pappas was to have continued operating the station as part of the deal. However, KPTH was among Pappas' thirteen stations which filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. As a result, the sale of KMEG to Siouxland Television fell through. On January 16, 2009, it was announced that several of the Pappas stations involved in the bankruptcy (including KPTH) would be sold to New World TV Group after the transaction received United States bankruptcy court approval. The change in ownership was completed on October 15, 2009, and on that day, New World TV Group took over the SSA with KMEG. TTBG announced the sale of most of its stations, including KPTH and the SSA of KMEG, to the Sinclair Broadcast Group on June 3, 2013. The sale was completed on September 30.
On January 20, 2021, KPTH announced that CBS programming would move to its third subchannel, effective February 4, ending 54 years of the CBS affiliation on KMEG. To accommodate the switch, Charge! moved to the second subchannel of KMEG, replacing TBD, which joined MyNetworkTV on KPTH's second subchannel. Dabl programming moved to the first subchannel of KMEG, making it the primary affiliate.
On July 28, 2021, the FCC issued a Forfeiture Order stemming from a lawsuit against KMEG owner Waitt Broadcasting. The order came six months after KMEG lost its CBS affiliation. The lawsuit, filed by AT&T, alleged that Waitt failed to negotiate for retransmission consent in good faith for KMEG. Owners of other Sinclair-managed stations, such as Deerfield Media, were also named in the lawsuit. Waitt was ordered to pay a fine of $512,228.
Newscasts
When it signed on, KMEG broadcast newscasts under the name Newsbeat 14. It made little headway in the ratings, however. Not only did it have to contend with long-established KTIV and KCAU, but it also had to compete against KELO-TV in Sioux Falls, one of the strongest CBS affiliates in the nation. Also, as mentioned above, its signal was nowhere near as strong as its competition; much of the area wouldn't be able to get an adequate signal from the station until cable arrived in the 1980s. By the late 1970s, KMEG had closed its news department. For the next two decades, it was one of the few Big Three affiliates without a newscast; the only local news came in the form of cut-ins and updates.
After being acquired by Waitt Broadcasting in 1998, KMEG revived evening and late-night local news as KMEG News. On October 9, 2006, KMEG began producing a weeknight prime time newscast on KPTH. Known as Siouxland News at Nine on Fox 44, the broadcast can currently be seen for thirty minutes. Although KPTH is the senior partner in the SSA, KMEG produces the newscasts on both stations. On October 25, 2010, KMEG became the first station in the market to upgrade its news operation to 16:9 enhanced definition widescreen. Although not truly high definition, the broadcasts matched the ratio of HD television screens. The weeknight news at 9 on KPTH was included in the change. On April 15, 2013, KMEG and KPTH completed an upgrade to full high definition news broadcasts, two years after competitors KCAU-TV and KTIV.
In November 2015, KMEG brought back a weekend newscast at 10 p.m.
Technical information
Subchannels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:
Analog-to-digital conversion
KMEG shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 14, at noon on February 17, 2009, which had originally been the date of the federally mandated transition from analog to digital television. Earlier that year, the date of the transition had been moved to June 12. The station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 39, using PSIP to display KMEG's virtual channel as 14 on digital television receivers.
Translators
KMEG's signal is repeated over two translators.
References
External links
KMEG/KPTH (can be entered into web-enabled mobile device for wireless access)
Television channels and stations established in 1967
1967 establishments in Iowa
MEG
Dabl affiliates
Charge! (TV network) affiliates
Comet (TV network) affiliates
Stadium (sports network) affiliates
Sinclair Broadcast Group
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4009843
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatality%20Analysis%20Reporting%20System
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Fatality Analysis Reporting System
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Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) was created in the United States by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) to provide an overall measure of highway safety, to help suggest solutions, and to help provide an objective basis to evaluate the effectiveness of motor vehicle safety standards and highway safety programs.
FARS contains data on a census of fatal traffic crashes within the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. To be included in FARS, a crash must involve a motor vehicle traveling on a trafficway customarily open to the public and result in the death of a person (occupant of a vehicle or a non-occupant) within 30 days of the crash. FARS has been operational since 1975 and has collected information on over 989,451 motor vehicle fatalities and collects information on over 100 different coded data elements that characterizes the crash, the vehicle, and the people involved.
FARS is vital to the mission of NHTSA to reduce the number of motor vehicle crashes and deaths on our nation's highways, and subsequently, reduce the associated economic loss to society resulting from those motor vehicle crashes and fatalities. FARS data is critical to understanding the characteristics of the environment, trafficway, vehicles, and persons involved in the crash.
NHTSA has a cooperative agreement with an agency in each state government to provide information in a standard format on fatal crashes in the state. Data is collected, coded and submitted into a micro-computer data system and transmitted to Washington, D.C. Quarterly files are produced for analytical purposes to study trends and evaluate the effectiveness of highway safety programs. This data is tabulated and provided to the public via the FARS Interface at
How data is collected
In its 2010 Report to Congress, NHTSA claimed that it would cost approximately US$1 billion per year to actually count and classify all crashes. US$1 billion was deemed to be too expensive so instead of that, "... NHTSA devised a method that "utilizes an efficient combination of census, sample-based, and existing state files to provide nationally representative traffic crash data..." and it's been doing that since 1975. NHTSA claims it only costs US$30 million per year and is just as good.
Data completeness
According to NHTSA, an estimated 16 million crashes occur annually and of that total, only 6.2 million of those crashes are ever reported to the police. FARS data is collected on a purely voluntary basis through cooperative agreements between NHTSA and each of the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico.
References
See also
Road traffic safety
External links
FARS Website
FIRST Website
NCSA safety related Websites
Road safety
Road safety in the United States
Road safety data sets
Accidents
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4009849
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Museum%20of%20Anthropology%20%28Mexico%29
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National Museum of Anthropology (Mexico)
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The National Museum of Anthropology (, MNA) is a national museum of Mexico. It is the largest and most visited museum in Mexico. Located in the area between Paseo de la Reforma and Mahatma Gandhi Street within Chapultepec Park in Mexico City, the museum contains significant archaeological and anthropological artifacts from Mexico's pre-Columbian heritage, such as the Stone of the Sun (or the Aztec calendar stone) and the Aztec Xochipilli statue.
The museum (along with many other Mexican national and regional museums) is managed by the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (National Institute of Anthropology and History), or INAH. It was one of several museums opened by Mexican President Adolfo López Mateos in 1964.
Assessments of the museum vary, with one considering it "a national treasure and a symbol of identity. The museum is the synthesis of an ideological, scientific, and political feat." Octavio Paz criticized the museum's making the Mexica (Aztec) hall central, saying the "exaltation and glorification of Mexico-Tenochtitlan transforms the Museum of Anthropology into a temple."
Architecture
Designed in 1964 by Pedro Ramírez Vázquez, Jorge Campuzano, and Rafael Mijares Alcérreca, the monumental building contains exhibition halls surrounding a courtyard with a huge pond and a vast square concrete umbrella supported by a single slender pillar (known as "el paraguas", Spanish for "the umbrella"). The halls are ringed by gardens, many of which contain outdoor exhibits. The museum has 23 rooms for exhibits and covers an area of 79,700 square meters (almost 8 hectares) or 857,890 square feet (almost 20 acres).
History
At the end of the 18th century, by order of the viceroy of Bucareli, the items that formed part of the collection by Lorenzo Boturini — including the sculptures of Coatlicue and the Sun Stone — were placed in the Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico, forming the core of the collection that would become the National Museum of Anthropology.
On August 25, 1790, the Cabinet of Curiosities of Mexico (Gabinete de Historia Natural de México) was established by botanist José Longinos Martínez. During the 19th century, the museum was visited by internationally renowned scholars such as Alexander von Humboldt. In 1825, the first Mexican president, Guadalupe Victoria, advised by the historian Lucas Alamán, established the National Mexican Museum as an autonomous institution. In 1865, the Emperor Maximilian moved the museum to Calle de Moneda 13, to the former location of the Casa de Moneda.
In 1906, due to the growth of the museum's collections, Justo Sierra divided the stock of the National Museum. The natural history collections were moved to the Chopo building, which was constructed specifically to shelter permanent expositions. The museum was renamed the National Museum of Archaeology, History and Ethnography, and was re-opened September 9, 1910, in the presence of President Porfirio Díaz. By 1924 the stock of the museum had increased to 52,000 objects and had received more than 250,000 visitors.
In December 1940, the museum was divided again, with its historical collections being moved to the Chapultepec Castle, where they formed the Museo Nacional de Historia, focusing on the Viceroyalty of the New Spain and its progress towards modern Mexico. The remaining collection was renamed the National Museum of Anthropology, focusing on pre-Columbian Mexico and modern day Mexican ethnography.
The construction of the contemporary museum building began in February 1963 in the Chapultepec park. The project was coordinated by architect Pedro Ramírez Vázquez, with assistance by Rafael Mijares Alcérreca and Jorge Campuzano. The construction of the building lasted 19 months, and was inaugurated on September 17, 1964, President Adolfo López Mateos, who declared:
The Mexican people lift this monument in honor of the admirable cultures that flourished during the Pre-Columbian period in regions that are now territory of the Republic. In front of the testimonies of those cultures, the Mexico of today pays tribute to the indigenous people of Mexico, in whose example we recognize characteristics of our national originality.
The film Museo tells the story of the famous robbery to the National Museum of Anthropology on December 25, 1985, in Mexico City.
Exhibits
The museum's collections include the Stone of the Sun, giant stone heads of the Olmec civilization that were found in the jungles of Tabasco and Veracruz, treasures recovered from the Maya civilization, at the Sacred Cenote at Chichen Itza, a replica of the sarcophagal lid from Pacal's tomb at Palenque and ethnological displays of contemporary rural Mexican life. It also has a model of the location and layout of the former Aztec capital Tenochtitlan, the site of which is now occupied by the central area of modern-day Mexico City.
The permanent exhibitions on the ground floor cover all pre-Columbian civilizations located on the current territory of Mexico as well as in former Mexican territory in what is today the southwestern United States. They are classified as North, West, Maya, Gulf of Mexico, Oaxaca, Mexico, Toltec, and Teotihuacan. The permanent expositions at the first floor show the culture of Native American population of Mexico since the Spanish colonization.
The museum also hosts visiting exhibits, generally focusing on other of the world's great cultures. Past exhibits have focused on ancient Iran, Greece, China, Egypt, Russia, and Spain.
Exhibits gallery
See also
Doris Heyden
Further reading
Aveleyra, Luis. "Plantación y metas del nuevo Museo Nacional de Antropología. Artes de México, época 1, año 12, no. 66-67: 12-18. Mexico 1965.
Bernal, Ignacio. El Museo Nacional de Antropología de México. Mexico: Aguilar 1967.
Castillo Lédon, Luis. El Museo Nacional de Arquelogía, Historia, y Etnografía. Mexico: Imprenta del Museo Nacional de Arquelogía, Historia, y Etnografía 1924.
Fernández, Miguel Ángel. Historia de los Museos de México. Mexico: Fomento Cultural del Banco Nacional de México 1987.
Florescano, Enrique. "The Creation of the Museo Nacional de Antropología of Mexico and its scientific, educational, and political purposes." In Nationalism: Critical Concepts in Political Science, edited by John Hutchinson and Anthony D. Smith. Vol. IV. pp. 1238–1259. London and New York: Routledge, 2000. Reprinted from Collecting the Pre-Columbian Past: A Symposium at Dumbarton Oaks 6th and 7th October 1990, Elizabeth Hill Boone (ed.), Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1993, pp. 83–103.
Galindo y Villa, Jesús. "Apertura de las clases de historia y arqueología." Boletín del Museo Nacional I: 22–28, Mexico 1911.
Galindo y Villa, Jesús. "Museología. Los museos y su doble función educativa e instructiva." In Memorias de la Sociedad Científica Antonio Alzate 39:415-473. Mexico 1921.
León y Gama, Antonio de Descripción histórica y cronológica de las Dos Piedras. Mexico: Instituto Nacional de Antropología 1990.
Matos, Eduardo. Arqueología e indigenismo. Mexico: Instituto Nacional Indigenista, 1986.
Matute, Alvaro. Lorenzo Boturini y el pensamiento histórico de Vico. Mexico: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 1976.
Mendoza, Gumersindo and J. Sánchez, "Catálogo de las colecciones históricas y arqueológica del Museo Nacional de México." Anales del Museo Nacional pp. 445–486. Mexico 1882.
Núñez y Domínguez, José, "Las clases del Museo Nacional." Boletín del Museo Nacional, segunda época: 215–218. Mexico 1932.
Paz, Octavio. Posdata. Mexico: Siglo Veintiuno Editories 1969.
Ramírez Vázquez, Pedro. "La arquitectura del Museo Nacional de Antropología". Artes de México, época 2, 12 (66-67): 19–32. Mexico: 1965.
Villoro, Luis. Los grandes momentos del indigenismo. Mexico: Casa Chata 1979.
Notes
References
External links
Official website
Website of the INAH
Museo Nacional De Antropologia
Anthropology museums
Archaeological museums in Mexico
Museo Nacional
History museums in Mexico
Mesoamerican art museums
Museums established in 1964
Museums in Mexico City
National museums of Mexico
Museo Nacional
Museo Nacional De Antropologia
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4009850
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonian%20Philharmonic%20Chamber%20Choir
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Estonian Philharmonic Chamber Choir
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Estonian Philharmonic Chamber Choir (EPCC) is a professional choir based in Estonia. It was founded in 1981 by Tõnu Kaljuste, who was its conductor for twenty years. In 2001, Paul Hillier followed Kaljuste's tenure, becoming the EPCC's principal conductor and artistic director until September 2008, when Daniel Reuss took over the task. Since 2014 the choir's principal conductor has been Kaspars Putniņš. The repertoire of the EPCC ranges from Gregorian Chant to modern works, particularly those of the Estonian composers Arvo Pärt and Veljo Tormis. The group has been nominated for numerous Grammy Awards, and has won the Grammy Award for Best Choral Performance twice: in 2007 with Arvo Pärt's Da pacem and in 2014 with Pärt's Adam's Lament, the latter was shared with Tui Hirv & Rainer Vilu, Sinfonietta Riga & Tallinn Chamber Orchestra; Latvian Radio Choir & Vox Clamantis. In 2018 Estonian Philharmonic Chamber Choir won the prestigious Gramophone Award with its recording of Magnificat and Nunc dimittis by Arvo Pärt and Psalms of Repentance by Alfred Schnittke (conductor Kaspars Putniņš).
Discography
Gesualdo/Erkki-Sven Tüür/Brett Dean (2015)
Gregory Rose: Danse macabre (2015)
Sibelius: Complete Works for Mixed Choir (2015)
Siin on Ilus Elada (2014)
Baltic Runes (2010)
Arvo Pärt: In Principio (2009)
Toivo Tulev: Songs (2008)
Scattered Rhymes: Tarik O'Regan & Guillaume de Machaut (2008)
A New Joy (2006)
Arvo Pärt: Da pacem (2006) - won Grammy Award for Best Choral Performance 2007
Baltic Voices 3 (2005)
Lepo Sumera: Mushroom Cantata (2005)
Rachmaninov: All-Night Vigil (2005)
Baltic Voices 2 (2004)
The Powers of Heaven (2003)
Antonio Vivaldi: Gloria, Settings from the Mass and Vespers (2003)
Baltic Voices 1 (2002)
Antonio Vivaldi: Salmi a due cori (2002)
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Litaniae (2000)
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Vesperae et Litania (2000)
Veljo Tormis: Laulu palju (Liederhaufen) (2000)
Paul Giger: Ignis (2000)
Veljo Tormis: Litany to Thunder (1999)
Karl August Hermann, Raimo Kangro, Leelo Tungal: Eesti lauleldused (Estonian Singspiels) (1999)
Arvo Pärt: Kanon Pokajanen (1998)
Arvo Pärt: Beatus (1997)
Veljo Tormis: Casting a Spell (1996)
Arvo Pärt: Litany (1996)
Erkki-Sven Tüür: Crystallisatio (1996)
Kaunimad laulud (The Most Beautiful Songs) (1994)
Arvo Pärt: Te Deum (1993)
Veljo Tormis: Forgotten Peoples (1992)
Rachmaninoff: Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom (Rachmaninoff) (2022)
External links
Estonian Philharmonic Chamber Choir
Musical groups established in 1981
Contemporary classical music ensembles
National choirs
Estonian choirs
1981 establishments in Estonia
Estonian classical music groups
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4009863
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Golden%20Topaz
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American Golden Topaz
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The American Golden Topaz, a 172-faceted topaz weighing , is the largest cut yellow topaz in the world, and one of the largest faceted gems of any type in the world. Originating from Minas Gerais, Brazil, it was cut by Leon Agee over a period of two years from an 11.8 kg (26 lb avdp) stream-rounded cobble owned by Drs. Marie L. and Edgar F. Borgatta. It was contributed jointly by the Borgatta owners and by Rockhound Hobbyists of America to the Smithsonian Institution in 1988 and is displayed in the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C.
See also
List of individual gemstones
External links
American Golden Topaz
Individual topazes
Jewellery in the collection of the Smithsonian Institution
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4009866
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.%20P.%20Leto%20High%20School
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A. P. Leto High School
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A. P. Leto High School is a public high school within the Hillsborough County Public Schools system and is located at 4409 W Sligh Avenue in Tampa, Florida, U.S.. In addition to the four high school grades, Leto also hosts adult night services. Larissa McCoy, the current principal, was appointed in 2017.
Demographics
As of 2014, Leto High School is 75% Hispanic, .2% White, 23% Black, and < 0% other
The school currently operates as a Title I school (receives additional funds from the federal government) with 98.4% of the student population eligible for free or reduced lunch.
History
Originally called A.P. Leto Comprehensive High School, it was named in honor of Ateo Phillip Leto, a former principal at Jefferson High School and at Chamberlain High School in Tampa. He was originally to serve as the school's first principal, but he died before the school year began. The first principal of Leto was Frank M. Farmer.
Established in 1965 with grades 9-11, which meant that the first graduating class was not until 1967, Leto was the first comprehensive high school in Hillsborough County. It was "comprehensive" because in addition to the high school academic curriculum, Leto offered several modern vocational options for students. Although the largest school in Hillsborough County, it originally lacked a gymnasium, a stadium, baseball and softball fields, which were added in the 1970s. According to Leto's official website, the students of the first graduating class of 1967 chose the school's colors, mascot, alma mater and several other traditions that continue to be practiced at Leto High. The school opened with 1,670 students its first year and is situated on .
Magnet School
Created in 2013, Collegiate Academy is a magnet program provided by Hillsborough Community College. Students enrolled in this program will take college classes while on Leto's campus earning a two-year Associate of Arts degree while also earning their high school diploma.
Publications
The Talon - student-run and produced yearbook
School Report Card
According to the Florida Department of Education, Leto High received the following "grades" between 1998 and 2018:
2017-18 = C
2016-17 = C
2015-16 = ?
2014-15 = F
2013-14 = F
2008-09 = D
2007-08 = D
2006-07 = F
2005-06 = F
2004-05 = D
2003-04 = D
2002-03 = D
2001-02 = D
2000-01 = C
1999-00 = C
1998-99 = C
Improvement
Leto was one of 16 schools nationwide selected by the College Board for inclusion in the EXCELerator "School Improvement Model" program, beginning in the 2007–2008 school year. The project was funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Leto during its 50th Anniversary received funding to remodel and restore the campus to how it was during its first opening.
Notable alumni
Hercules '74 - professional wrestler
Gary Huff '69 - NFL football player who quarterbacked the first win in Buccaneers history in 1977
Matt Vogler - football player
Michael Jenkins (wide receiver) - football player
References
External links
Leto
Leto
Public high schools in Florida
1964 establishments in Florida
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4009876
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20R.%20Eisenson
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Michael R. Eisenson
|
Michael R. Eisenson is a managing director and co-chairman of Charlesbank Capital Partners, LLC, a private equity investment firm based in Boston and New York. Eisenson co-founded the firm in 1998 and served as its CEO until 2017. Charlesbank raised its most recent fund, Charlesbank Equity Fund IX, in 2017, with $2.75 billion of investor commitments.
Early life
Eisenson earned a BA in economics summa cum laude from Williams College, where he now serves as chairman of the Board of Trustees, and a JD/MBA (1981) from Yale University.
Career
Eisenson previously managed certain assets of Harvard Management Company, where he worked from 1986 until the founding of Charlesbank, ultimately rising to managing director. From 1986 to 1988, Eisenson worked with a branch of Harvard Management Company, Harvard Private Capital Group, Inc., which solely managed the investment portfolio of Harvard University. Prior to his tenure at Harvard Management Company, Eisenson was with the management consulting firm, Boston Consulting Group.
While at Harvard Management Company, Eisenson was the Harvard representative on the Board of Harken Energy when Harken purchased Spectrum VII, the oil company venture founded by George W. Bush. Harvard ultimately made a small profit on the transaction.
A private equity firm, Charlesbank focuses on leveraged buyouts involving middle-market companies, companies with enterprise values of between $150 million and $1.5 billion. The firm has more than $5 billion in total assets. Charlesbank invests on behalf of pension funds, foundations, and endowments. Eisenson has said that he knows he is not always investing in the most glamorous industries, but said, "What we’re looking for are businesses that are undervalued by other people. Our hope is to find the $20 bill that looks like $5 to other people." Eisenson has also said that he will not make money "off misery and poor people," by investing in things like collections agencies.
The name of the firm, Charlesbank, refers both to the Charles River that flows through Boston as well as the firm's history and connection to Harvard University, situated on the Charles. When the company was Harvard Management Company, the group managed a portfolio only for Harvard. Today, the firm has offices in New York City as well as Boston.
Personal life
Eisenson serves on the Board of Directors of Penske Auto Group and StoneCastle Partners. In 2017, he received the Myra H. Kraft Award for Non-Profit Leadership from the National Association for Corporate Directors. In 2011, he was recognized by the Outstanding Directors Exchange for his significant boardroom contributions. Eisenson is a trustee of The Boston Foundation, chairman of the Board of Williams College, trustee of the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Vice Chairman of the Board of Berklee College of Music. He is also a founding director of Horizons for Homeless Children and was the 2013 recipient of the James J. Pallotta Award, given by Big Brothers Big Sisters of Massachusetts Bay in recognition of his significant contributions to help at-risk children.
Eisenson and his wife Barbara live in Boston and have four grown children.
Eisenson has contributed to the political campaigns of Barack Obama, Martha Coakley, John Kerry, and Mitt Romney, among others.
He enjoys skiing, travel, tennis, and music.
References
External links
Michael R. Eisenson bio at Charlesbank
Yale School of Management - Alumni Leaders - Michael R. Eisenson '81
Michael R. Eisenson Profile (Boston Business Journal)
American money managers
Boston Consulting Group people
Harvard University people
Living people
Private equity and venture capital investors
Williams College alumni
Yale Law School alumni
Yale School of Management alumni
American chief executives of financial services companies
Year of birth missing (living people)
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4009882
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muchland
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Muchland
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Muchland is a medieval manor in Low Furness in the county of Cumbria in northern England. The manor was the seat of the Lords of Aldingham, and included at its peak the villages of Bardsea, Urswick, Scales, Stainton, Sunbrick, Baycliff, Gleaston, Aldingham, Dendron, Leece and Newbiggin. The area also features the historic remains of Gleaston Castle, Aldingham Castle, Gleaston Water Mill, the Druids' Temple at Birkrigg, plus many prehistoric remains around Urswick and Scales.
The Place
The area that became Muchland in the Middle Ages is situated on the eastern side of the Furness Peninsula in southwest Cumbria. On its eastern side, it is bounded for its entire length by the sands of Morecambe Bay, the shore of which has eroded considerably since the manor was created. Along the coast lie the villages, from north to south, of:
Bardsea
Baycliff
Aldingham
Newbiggin
Goadsbarrow
Muchland derives its name from Michael's Land after Michael le Fleming who was granted the lands by Henry I sometime between 1107 and 1111. These lands lay eastwards of Abbey Beck and southwards of the moors of Birkrigg and Swarthmoor and stretched right down to the southernmost tip of the peninsula at Rampside. At that time the southern limit of the manor was Walney Channel, but it was later moved inland to follow the line of Sarah Beck or Roosebeck. This land became the new manor of Aldingham.
Aldingham is home to the Church of Saint Cuthbert, who was laid here after death on his journey to be buried. A little further down is the remains of Aldingham Moat and Aldingham Motte, both homes to the Lords of Aldingham in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Newbiggin was once home to Sea Mill, one of the three mills of the manor.
The western boundary of the manor is now the Borough of Barrow-in-Furness, which was originally land belonging to Stephen of Blois, but belonged to Furness Abbey from 1127 until 1536 when Henry VIII dissolved the monasteries. There were numerous debates over the hunting rights between the Lords of Aldingham and the Abbots of Furness in places like Leece and Stainton, which lay at the western boundary of the manor. The small village of Dendron, also on the western boundary, is home to the seventeenth century Saint Matthew's Church where the artist George Romney went to school for a time.
Further east from Dendron is Gleaston, the geographical and administrative centre of the manor from the mid-thirteenth century. The village is dominated by Beacon Hill to the northeast, which legend says was used to signal danger to Piel Castle to the south, which can clearly be seen from the top of the hill. The village boasts the remains of Gleaston Castle and Gleaston Water Mill, the second corn mill of the manor. Gleaston Beck runs through the valley here from Urswick Tarn in the north to the coast at Newbiggin.
North of Gleaston are Scales and Little and Great Urswick. Little Urswick is now home to Low Furness Primary School, but was previously home to a seventeenth-century grammar school. Great Urswick, built around two sides of Urswick Tarn, boasts the ancient Church of Saint Mary and Saint Michael. It would seem this area was of considerable activity in the Iron Age.
To the east of Urswick is Birkrigg Common, so called because it was shared in common with the men of Urswick and Aldingham. This rocky hill has a number of archeological sites, including an ancient stone circle, and has views across Morecambe Bay, Furness and the mountains of the Lake District. On the edge of the common lies the small hamlet of Sunbrick, which is now little more than a few farms and houses, but shelters a small walled Quaker graveyard where leading Quaker Margaret Fell, who lived at nearby Swarthmoor Hall, is buried.
The northern boundary of the manor generally follows the line of the road leading from Lindal-in-Furness in the west to Conishead Priory on the coast. Beyond it is the market town of Ulverston and the manor of Pennington.
The Lost Villages of Muchland
It is known that several villages which once existed in Muchland have since disappeared off the map. Local legends are full of tales about villages on the coast being swept away by the encroaching tides, although there is little to substantiate the tales. It is certain that the gravelly coastline must have suffered considerable erosion over the past centuries and that any village too near the shore might have fallen victim to its advances. Aldingham, for example, may once have been up to a mile in length, stretching out into what is now Morecambe Bay with the church at its centre.
Besides those villages lost to the sea, several others have disappeared. Perhaps the most interesting is Hart, which is mentioned in the Domesday Book as Hert. There was later a mill named Hart Mill which is known to have been in the vicinity of Gleaston. Archeological investigations have taken place to discover the site of this early mill around the valley where Gleaston Water Mill now stands, but they have yielded little evidence. The name Hart was probably shortened from Hart Carrs, which means 'marsh of the harts'. To the south of Gleaston, at the end of Carrs Lane, there is a large flat area which has been drained, through which still flows Hart Carrs Beck. It is possible that the village once stood in this area.
Two other villages named in the Domesday Book have also disappeared, but are even more difficult to track down. Crivelton probably stood on the coast between Rampside and Roose but has since been washed away by the sea. The name is recorded as Clivertun in the Domesday Book, which suggests a location on a cliff. Fordbootle was probably situated somewhere around modern-day Stank, although its name suggests a location beside a watercourse, possibly further west on the River Yarl. Both Clivertun and Fordbootle were listed in the Domesday Book as vills or townships forming the Manor of Hougun held by Earl Tostig. Around 1153 Roose, Crivelton and Fordbootle were part of an exchange of land between Muchland and Furness Abbey, suggesting that it was certainly situated in that area.
A final village to be mentioned in the Domesday Book is Alia Lies, meaning 'another Leece'. The position of this lost village is by no means certain, but it may have been in the area of Old Holbeck, to the west of present-day Leece, or nearer the coast to the south of the village.
History
Before the Manor
The area later named Muchland has been inhabited since at least the Mesolithic period and evidence of Upper Paleolithic habitation has been found in caves at Scales. Remains of prehistoric settlements from the mesolithic to the Bronze Age have been found at Gleaston and Scales, including a bronze sword and axe head, and human bones. It is believed that a post-glacial lake near Gleaston would have provided food and resources for a small community from the end of the last ice age to the Bronze Age. There is a small stone circle on Birkrigg Common known locally as the Druids' Temple which revealed a Bronze Age burial urn during excavations [OL6 292741].
In the Iron Age, when the Carvetii and, later, Brigantes tribes inhabited the region, there was a great deal of activity on the rocky ground surrounding present-day Urswick and Scales. There are visible remains of a fort to the north of Great Urswick [OL6 274753], a settlement northwest of Little Urswick known as Urswick Stone Walls [OL6 260740] and a homestead to the east [OL6 275734] as well as numerous tumuli and burial chambers in the area.
The Romans may also have been present in Urswick during their occupation. Recent archeological investigations in the area may have uncovered the presence of a Roman fort (a claim which has been criticised by leading local archeologists) and it is believed that the parish church of St Mary and St Michael may contain remnants of a sub-Roman church which could have been the centre of a monastery, although all of these claims are yet to be substantiated by solid evidence. It is possible that the Romans exploited the rich iron-ore resources of the area, which had been utilised in previous times and provided the catalyst for a booming industrial economy in the area in the 19th century.
In the 4th century AD this part of England belonged to the kingdom of Coel Hen, known as Northern Britain or Kyle, but was later in a division of that kingdom known as Rheged. Little is known about the local history at this point, but it is known that the area would have remained Celtic until around the 8th century when Rheged was annexed to Northumbria and English Angles began to filter in. In 685AD land in south Cumbria was granted to Saint Cuthbert and it was recorded that the area still had a significant British population. Part of an early English cross bearing a runic inscription from around this period is available to view in Urswick church.
The English slowly displaced or assimilated the native Cumbric Celts, although they may have remained in pockets around the region (as is evidenced by place names such as Walney, meaning 'Isle of the British' from Old Norse walna+ey). In 925AD Norsemen began landing on the local shores from Norway via Ireland, Man and Scotland but they seem to have been peaceable farmers rather than vicious warriors and they settled amongst the English and British in the region, although part of a Norse sword was found in nearby Rampside. The Norse influence on the area was a significant one, shown not only by the large number of Norse place-names in the area, but also by the discovery of a 12th-century inscription at Loppergarth near Ulverston, which contained a curious mix of both Norse and English runes.
The Lords of Muchland
The le Flemings
After the Norman Conquest in 1066 the small manor of Aldingham was granted to Roger de Poitou as part of a much larger holding which included land across much of the north of England. At that time the area was on the very fringe of Norman England. When the Domesday Book was compiled in 1086 Aldingham had been confiscated from de Poitou for his part in a plot against William I, but it was returned to him shortly after. By 1102 Aldingham had been confiscated from de Poitou once again, but before this he had built a ringwork near the coast at Aldingham.
Around 1107 Aldingham was granted to Michael le Fleming (Latinized to Flandrensis, "of Flanders") and it was he who gave his name to the manor, literally "Michael's Land". At this point the manor stretched from Walney Channel around Rampside and Roose north to Sunbrick and Great Urswick. It was Michael or one of his sons that erected the motte at Aldingham on the site of Roger de Poitou's ringwork [OL6 278698].
In 1153, the second Michael le Fleming agreed an exchange of land with Furness Abbey, giving up Roose, Fordbootle and Crivelton for Little Urswick and part of Foss, near Bootle in Cumberland, so that the Abbot could get greater access to his port at Piel.
By the early 13th century the wealth and importance of the manor had increased significantly and the Lord of the manor was granted the right to hold his own courts Leet and Baron. The manor of Bardsea was also added to the le Fleming estate. Around this time the seat of the manor of Muchland was moved from the motte at Aldingham to a nearby moated site [OL6 279700], probably due to the advance of the sea and the erosion of the hill on which the motte stands.
In 1227 the overlordship of Muchland was changed from the Duke of Lancaster to Furness Abbey. This seems to have been an unwelcome decision for the Lords of Aldingham, as the Abbot began claiming rights to lands within the bounds of Muchland. Over coming years, William le Fleming (alias de Furness) got into several disputes over hunting rights with his neighbour the Abbot of Furness which eventually resulted in William being exempt from formal attendance at the Abbots Court and the men of Muchland being banned from entering the Abbot's town of Dalton-in-Furness.
The de Haringtons
In the mid 13th century Michael de Furness - direct descendant of the first Lord of Aldingham - died crossing the Leven Sands in Morecambe Bay after dining at Cartmel Priory and the manor passed to the Cansfield family from Lancashire through Michael's sister Alina de Furness. It was probably Richard de Cansfield who initiated the move inland from Aldingham to Gleaston, where a wooden hall was probably built about 0.5 km north of the present village [OL6 262715]. When Alina and Richard's son William de Cansfield was drowned in the River Severn the manor passed again through a female heir to the de Harington family from north west Cumbria.
The son of that marriage, John de Harington (1281–1347) was knighted in 1306 and was created Baron Harington upon being summoned by writ to Parliament in 1326. It was he who was responsible for the building of Gleaston Castle on the site of the previous hall, which was begun before 1325 and finished around 1340. The 1st Baron seems to have been quite a contradictory character. Not only was he a member of Parliament, he sat on councils, was a Commissioner of array for eight years, sat on various commissions in the north of England, and completed his obligatory military service with Edward, Prince of Wales and Andrew de Harcla. But he was also involved in a faction opposed to Piers Gaveston and complied in his murder, for which he received a pardon in 1313 and was pardoned again in 1318. His activities with Andrew de Harcla in the Scottish Marches led to his being outlawed in 1323 on discovery of Harcla's treason, but he was pardoned upon surrender then awarded as custodian of the truce with Scotland.
During their time as lords of the manor of Muchland the de Harringtons increased their estate greatly through marriage to heiresses, gaining lands in Devon, Cornwall, Leicestershire, Ireland, and further lands in Cumberland and Westmorland. In 1460 the only male heir to the manor, William Bonville was killed at the age of 17 along with his father and grandfather at the Battle of Wakefield leaving behind a new born baby girl, Cecilia. She later married Thomas Grey, 1st Marquis of Dorset, who was grandfather to Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Suffolk, who was father of Lady Jane Grey who became Queen of England but was beheaded after nine days by Queen Mary. And so the manor passed to the crown in whose hands it remained until it was given to the Cavendish family of Holker Hall in the 18th century who held it until 1926 when it was sold.
Genealogy
Descendants of Michael le Fleming. Lords of Aldingham are highlighted in bold.
Michael le Fleming, Lord of Aldingham
| (d.1150)
|
Michael le Fleming m. Christiana de Stainton
(d.1186) |
|
William de Furness m. Ada de Furnys Osulf of Flemingby
(c.1150-1203) | |
| |
Michael de Furness m. Agatha Fitz Henry Robert of Hafrinctuna
(1197-1219) | |
| |
William de Furness Thomas de Harrington
| |
|-----------------------------| |
Michael de Furness Alina m. Richard de Cantsfield Michael de Harrington
(d.1269 crossing Leven Sands) | |
|------------------------| |
William de Cantsfield Agnes m. Robert de Harrington
(drowned in R. Severn) (d.1293) | (d.1297)
|
Joan Dacre m. John de Harrington, First Baron of Aldingham
| (1281-1347)
|
Robert de Harrington
|(d.1334)
|
Joan de Birmingham m. John de Harrington
| (1328-1363)
|
Alice de Greystoke m1. Robert de Harrington m². Isobel Loring
| (1356–1406)
|----------------------------|
John de Harrington William de Harrington m. Margaret
(d.1418) (1390-1457) |
|
William Bonville m. Elizabeth
|
|
William Bonville m. Katherine Neville
(c.1443-1460) |
|
Cecile m. Thomas Grey
|
|
Thomas Grey
|
|
Henry Grey m. Lady Frances Brandon
|
|
Lady Jane Grey
Toponymy
Muchland was originally 'Michael's Land', which changed to 'Mickle Land' from the local version of Michael, which was confused with another local term from the Old Norse mikkel meaning 'great' and so became 'Much Land'
Adgarley means 'Eadgar's slope' from Old English Eadgars hliðAldingham means 'home of Alda's people or descendants' from the Old English Alda+inga+ham. [Domesday Aldingham]
Bardsea ?unsure. Possibly 'bard's resting place' from Celtic bard eisteddfa [Domesday Berretseige]
Baycliff ?unsure. There are no notable cliffs in the area, despite the village overlooking Morecambe Bay. [early form Belleclive, 1212]
Birkrigg Common 'ridge with birch trees' from Old Norse birkr hryggrBolton probably 'farmstead with a shelter' from Old Norse boðl tun, the Domesday Book records this as Bolton-le-MoorsCrivelton ?unsure. Domesday records this lost village as Clivertun, which probably means 'village on a cliff' from OE clif+ton. There may be an additional Old Norse element meaning 'hill', klif+haugr+tunDendron Probably clearing in a valley from Old English denu+rum. [Domesday Dene]
Fordbootle 'dwelling by a ford' from ford+boðl [Domesday fordebodele]
Gleaston means 'green hill farm' from Old Norse glas+haugr+tun. [Domesday Glassertun]
Goadsbarrow means 'Godi's or Gauti's burial mound' with the Old English beorgHarbarrow There are several explanations. The second element is certainly 'hill' from Old English beorg. The first is probably 'hare' from Old English hara (there is a Hare Hill nearby), but may also be 'herd' from heord, 'oats' from Old Norse hafri, or 'grey' from Old English har.
Hart now lost, this probably just means 'hart' or 'stag' from Old Norse hjortr. It seems likely this is a shortening of the name Hart Carrs, which means 'marsh where harts live' with Old Norse kjarr. Hart Carrs Beck flows through an area of flat, often boggy land. [Domesday Hert]
Holbeck 'stream in a hole' from Old Norse hol-bekkr'
Leece means 'glades' from Old English leahs. [Domesday Lies]
Newbiggin means 'new building' with Old or Middle English biggin
Rampside either 'Hrafn's shieling' from Old Norse Hrafns saetr or 'ram's head' from Old English ramms heofod, referring to the shape of the coast
Roose 'moor' from the Brythonic Celtic ros
Scales means 'huts' from Old Norse skalis
Scarbarrow ?unsure. Possibly 'hill with huts' from Old Norse skali berg, but may also be 'hill with a scar' - there is a small stream which has eroded the hill into a steep gully.
Skeldon Moor possibly ridge or ledge from a local word skelf, or 'shell midden' with Old Norse skel dun and Old English mōr
Stainton means 'farm by stones' from Old Norse steinn+tun [Domesday Steintun]
Sunbrick means 'pig slope' from Old Norse svin+brekka [Domesday Suntun, meaning 'pig farm']
Urswick ?unsure. '-wick' could either be related to Latin vicus meaning 'town', which is a common feature of places along Roman roads (there's evidence of one to the north); or it could be from Old English wick meaning 'farm'
See also
Gleaston
Cumbria
History of Cumbria
Furness
Middle Ages
References
Furness
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4009888
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandalf%20%28musician%29
|
Gandalf (musician)
|
Gandalf (born Heinz Strobl, born 1952) is an Austrian new-age composer. He plays a wide variety of instruments, including guitar, keyboard, synthesizers and sitars. He includes electronic sounds in his music.
He released his first album Journey to an Imaginary Land on 17 March 1981, and his second, Visions, almost one year later on 16 March 1982. He has become one of Austria's most accomplished international musicians.
Discography
Studio albums
1981 - Journey to an Imaginary Land
1982 - Visions
1983 - To Another Horizon
1983 - More Than Just a Seagull
1984 - Magic Theatre
1985 - Tale from a Long Forgotten Kingdom
1987 - The Universal Play
1987 - From Source to Sea
1989 - Invisible Power
1990 - Labyrinth (Soundtrack)
1990 - Symphonic Landscapes
1992 - Gallery of Dreams (feat. Steve Hackett)
1992 - The Stones of Wisdom
1994 - To Our Children's Children
1994 - Colours of the Earth
1995 - Echoes from Ancient Dreams
1996 - The Shining (with Galadriel)
1996 - Gates to Secret Realities
1997 - Barakaya: Trees Water Life
1999 - Into the Light
1999 - Samsara
2000 - Visions 2001 (CD1: inspired by Tolkien, Lord of the Rings. CD2: a compilation "20 Years Gandalf: Rare & Precious Pieces")
2002 - The Fountain of Secrets
2003 - Between Earth and Sky
2004 - Colors of a New Dawn
2005 - Der Prophet
2006 - Sacred River
2007 - Lotus Land
2009 - Sanctuary
2011 - Earthsong and Stardance
2013 - Dreamweaver
2014 - The Prophet - Instrumental Edition (Music inspired by Kahlil Gibran)
2014 - Frame By Frame
2016 - All is One - One is All
2020 - Secret Sarai
Compilations
1987 - Fantasia: Best of Gandalf
1991 - Reflection (Masterworks 1986-1990)
1995 - Magical Voyage
1997 - Under Infinite Skies
2000 - Reiki: Healing Light
2001 - Visions: 2001 (CD1: inspired by Tolkien, Lord of the Rings. CD2: compilation, "20 Years Gandalf: Rare & Precious Pieces")
Live albums
2008 - Live in Vienna
2018 - 35 Years Live''
References
External links
Official Webpage for Gandalf
1952 births
Living people
New-age musicians
Austrian male composers
Austrian composers
Musicians from Vienna
|
4009901
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kong%20Karls%20Land
|
Kong Karls Land
|
Kong Karls Land or King Charles Land is an island group in the Svalbard archipelago, in the Arctic Ocean. The island group covers an area of and is made up of the islands of Kongsøya, Svenskøya, Abel Island, Helgoland Island, and Tirpitzøya.
The islands, which have the largest concentration of polar bear in Svalbard, are part of the Nordaust-Svalbard Nature Reserve, along with Nordaustlandet and Kvitøya. There is a ban on traffic to the islands, which includes the areas of the sea up to 500 metres away from shore and the airspace up to 500 metres above the area.
Kong Karls Land was discovered by an expedition sent by the Muscovy Company in 1617, probably from a high point on Barentsøya. They named the group Wiche Islands, after a member of the company, Richard Wyche.
Ecology
The polar bear is found during portions of the year at Kong Karls Land; this bear feeds on local harp seals and ring seals. The sub-population of polar bears found here is a genetically distinct set of polar bears specifically associated with the Barents Sea region.
See also
List of islands in the Arctic Ocean
References
External links
Kong Karls Land from www.Svalbard-images.com
Islands of Svalbard
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4009905
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contraband%20%28American%20Civil%20War%29
|
Contraband (American Civil War)
|
Contraband was a term commonly used in the US military during the American Civil War to describe a new status for certain escaped slaves or those who affiliated with Union forces. In August 1861, the Union Army and the US Congress determined that the US would no longer return escaped slaves who went to Union lines, but they would be classified as "contraband of war," or captured enemy property. They used many as laborers to support Union efforts and soon began to pay wages.
The former slaves set up camps near Union forces, often with army assistance and supervision. The army helped to support and educate both adults and children among the refugees. Thousands of men from these camps enlisted in the United States Colored Troops when recruitment started in 1863. At the end of the war, more than 100 contraband camps were operating in the Southern United States, including the Freedmen's Colony of Roanoke Island, North Carolina. Here 3500 former slaves worked to develop a self-sufficient community.
History
After Confederate states had engaged in the American Civil War, the status of Southern-owned slaves became an issue early in 1861, not long after hostilities began. At Fort Monroe in Virginia's Hampton Roads, Major General Benjamin Butler, commander, learned that three slaves had made their way across Hampton Roads harbor from Confederate-occupied Norfolk County, and approached Union-held Fort Monroe for refuge. General Butler refused to return the escaped slaves to slaveholders who supported the Confederacy. This amounted to classifying them as "contraband," or property to be retained by the Union. The first use of that terminology in military records appears to have been by another officer. (see below).
The three enslaved men, Frank Baker, James Townsend, and Sheppard Mallory, had been leased by their masters to the Confederate Army to help construct defense batteries at Sewell's Point, across the mouth of Hampton Roads from the Union-held Fort Monroe. They escaped at night and rowed a skiff to Old Point Comfort, where they sought asylum at Fort Monroe.
Prior to the War, the owners of the slaves would have been legally entitled to request their return (as property) under the federal 1850 Fugitive Slave Act. But, Virginia had declared (by secession) that it no longer was part of the United States. General Butler, who was educated as an attorney, took the position that, if Virginia considered itself a foreign power to the U.S., then he was under no obligation to return the three men; he would hold them as "contraband of war." When Confederate Major John B. Cary requested their return, Butler refused the request. Because this practice effectively recognized the seceded states as foreign entities, President Abraham Lincoln disapproved of it, not wanting to grant such recognition to those states.
Gen. Butler did not pay these men wages for work that they began to undertake, and he continued to refer to them as slaves. On September 25, 1861, the Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles issued a directive to give "persons of color, commonly known as contrabands", in the employment of the Union Navy pay at the rate of $10 per month and a full day's ration. Three weeks later, the Union Army followed suit, paying male "contrabands" at Fort Monroe $8 a month and females $4, specific to that command.
In August, the US Congress passed the Confiscation Act of 1861, which declared that any property used by the Confederate military, including slaves, could be confiscated by Union forces. The next March, its Act Prohibiting the Return of Slaves forbade returning enslaved persons to Confederate masters or the military.
Grand Contraband Camp
The word of this policy spread quickly among slave communities in southeastern Virginia. While becoming a "contraband" did not mean full freedom, many slaves considered it a step in that direction. The day after Butler's decision, many more escaped slaves found their way to Fort Monroe and appealed to become contraband. As the number of former slaves grew too large to be housed inside the Fort, the contrabands erected housing outside the crowded base from the burned ruins of the City of Hampton. They called their new settlement Grand Contraband Camp (which they nicknamed "Slabtown").
By the end of the war in April 1865, less than four years later, an estimated 10,000 escaped slaves had applied to gain "contraband" status, with many living nearby. Across the South, Union forces managed more than 100 contraband camps, although not all were as large. The 1,500 contrabands behind federal lines at Harpers Ferry were returned to slavery when Confederates took the town. From a camp on Roanoke Island that started in 1862, Horace James developed the Freedmen's Colony of Roanoke Island (1863–1867). Appointed by the Union Army, James was a Congregational chaplain who, with the freedmen, tried to create a self-sustaining colony at the island.
Near Fort Monroe, but outside its protective walls, the pioneering teacher Mary S. Peake began to teach both adult and child contrabands to read and write. She was the first black teacher hired by the American Missionary Association, which also sent numerous Northern white teachers to the South to teach. This area of Elizabeth City County later became part of the campus of Hampton University, a historically black college. Defying a Virginia law against educating slaves, Peake and other teachers held classes outdoors under a certain large oak tree. In 1863, President Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation was read to the contrabands and free blacks there, for which the tree was named the Emancipation Oak. For most of the contrabands, full emancipation did not take place until the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution abolishing slavery was ratified in late 1865.
"Contraband" term first used by William Budd
General Butler's written statements and communications with the War Department requesting guidance on the issue of fugitive slaves did not use the term "contraband." As late as August 9, 1861, he used the term "slaves" for fugitives who had come to Fort Monroe.
On August 10, 1861, Acting Master William Budd of the gunboat USS Resolute first used the term in an official US military record. As early as 1812, the term, "contraband" was used in general language to refer to illegally smuggled goods (including slaves).
Development
Contraband camps developed around many Union-held forts and encampments. In 1863, after the Emancipation Proclamation and authorization of black military units, thousands of former slaves and free blacks began to enlist in the United States Colored Troops. The Army allowed their families to take refuge at contraband camps. The black troops ultimately comprised nearly 10 percent of all the troops in the Union Army.
By the end of the war, more than 100 contraband camps had been developed in the South. Many were assisted by missionary teachers recruited from the North by the American Missionary Association and other groups who, together with free blacks and freedmen, agreed that education of the former slaves was of the highest priority. The teachers often wrote about the desire of former slaves, both adults and children, for education.
Gallery
See also
"Oh! Let My People Go"
Slavery during the American Civil War
Port Royal Experiment
References
Further reading
External links
Documents, The Roanoke Island Freedmen's Colony - letters from missionary teachers, Horace James and freedmen available online
1861 establishments in the United States
1865 disestablishments in the United States
History of Hampton, Virginia
Slavery in the United States
Social history of the American Civil War
Virginia in the American Civil War
Fugitive American slaves
Military emancipation in the American Civil War
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4009910
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taggart%20%28film%29
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Taggart (film)
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Taggart is a 1964 American Western film directed by R. G. Springsteen and starring Tony Young and Dan Duryea. It was the film debut of David Carradine.
Plot
Just arriving at their newly bought land, Kent Taggart's family has their cattle stampeded and they are murdered by Ben Blazer and his son. Blazer results seriously wounded. Later in a fair gunfight Kent kills Blazer's son. With his last breath, Blazer sends three gunfighters to find and kill Kent: Vince August, Cal Dodge, and Jay Jason, who is a particularly talkative and vicious killer.
In his escape, Taggart heads towards territory that has fallen in Apache hands, followed by the gunfighters. In a semiabandoned town, Taggart helps a lady in trouble at a saloon, getting in return her help and the bartender's. Caught by the gunfighters, he manages to kill Cal and flee.
Later, he finds a couple who are fighting with Apaches. Taggart joins them, and also the gunfighters do. Vince results wounded, and Jay disarms Taggart. The couple helps him to escape.
With no horse or gun, Taggart hides in a rocky hill, where he gets caught by an old man, Adan Stark, and his daughter Miriam. They take him to their dwelling, where there is another young woman, Adan's wife Consuela.
They treat him as a dangerous prisoner, but later that night, Consuela visits him and makes unequivocal advances, promising Taggart riches and happiness if he takes her away from that place. They are surprised by Miriam, who stops the offering and the women have an angry exchange, but as has happened before, Miriam won't tell her father what his wife is doing.
The next day, when Taggart is escaping, he saves Stark's life from an Apache attack. Stark changes his mind about him, and shows Taggart the reason why they haven't left: a gold mine in the property. Stark fills a couple of bags with gold rocks and prepares to leave, before the next Apache attack.
Meanwhile, Jay has killed Vince because he had become a hindrance, so he arrives alone at the Stark place. Taggart explains he is a hired killer, and Jay explains he is pursuing a murderer. The Starks favor Taggart over Jay.
Later that night, Consuela visits Jay and makes unequivocal advances, promising him riches and happiness if he takes her away from that place. Jay is happy to oblige. Another Apache attack happens and Stark results wounded. Jay and Consuela escape with the gold; the Starks head to a fort, with Taggart ahead as a scout.
Jay and Consuela meet a cavalrymen supplies convoy and join them for protection. While they are traveling in one of the Cavalry wagons, Consuela tells Jay she has changed her mind and wants to leave him. Jay attacks her, leaves her for dead, gets the gold, horses, and manages to escape moments before the Apache surround and destroy the Cavalry convoy.
Jay arrives at the fort and asks for new horses to keep running. The officer in command asks whether he has seen the reinforcements they are expecting, Jay says he hasn't seen anything but the destroyed convoy. The officer orders Jay to stay and fight. Taggart pass by the rests of the convoy, reunites with the Starks, and later they arrive at the same fort.
And so, Taggart, the Starks and the soldiers must defend themselves from a fierce Apache attack while hoping for the reinforcements and Jay is trying to escape with the gold before Taggart sees him.
Cast
Tony Young as Kent Taggart
Dan Duryea as Jason
Dick Foran as Stark
Elsa Cárdenas as Consuela
Jean Hale as Miriam
Emile Meyer as Ben Blazer
David Carradine as Cal Dodge
Peter Duryea as Rusty Bob
Tom Reese as Vince August
Ray Teal as Ralph Taggart
Claudia Barrett as Lola
Stuart Randall as Sheriff
See also
List of American films of 1964
External links
1964 films
1964 Western (genre) films
Universal Pictures films
Films based on American novels
Films based on Western (genre) novels
Films directed by R. G. Springsteen
Films scored by Herman Stein
American Western (genre) films
1960s English-language films
1960s American films
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4009913
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelical%20Climate%20Initiative
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Evangelical Climate Initiative
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The Evangelical Climate Initiative (ECI) is a campaign by US-American church leaders and organizations to promote market based mechanisms to mitigate global warming.
Statements
ECI's statements, calling for protecting the earth from global warming, pollution, extinctions.
History
The Evangelical Climate Initiative was launched in February 2006 by the National Association of Evangelicals. The NAE worked with the Center for Health and the Global Environment at Harvard Medical School to bring scientists and evangelical Christian leaders together to mitigate climate change.
It was initially signed by 86 evangelical leaders and the presidents of 39 evangelical colleges. The number of signatories had risen to over 100 by December 2007, and as of July 2011 over 220 evangelical leaders had signed the call to action. David P. Gushee, a professor of Christian ethics at Mercer University, helped draft the document.
See also
Creation care
Sustainability
References
External links
Evangelical Climate Initiative
Climate Change: An Evangelical Call to Action with original list of signatories
Christianity and environmentalism
Evangelical parachurch organizations
Religious action on climate change
Environment of the United States
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4009924
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliography%20of%20Hillary%20Clinton
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Bibliography of Hillary Clinton
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This is a list of books and scholarly articles by and about Hillary Clinton, as well as columns by her.
Books are broken out by point of view. Columns about Clinton are not included, as they would be too numerous to list. Self-published works are not included.
Books
By Clinton
Tenth anniversary edition with new Introduction. Simon & Schuster, 2006. .
Picture book, with illustrations by Marla Frazee. Simon & Schuster, 2017. .
Pro ...
Blumenthal, Sidney. The Clinton Wars. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2003. .
Bordo, Susan. The Destruction of Hillary Clinton: Untangling the Political Forces, Media Culture, and Assault on Fact That Decided the 2016 Election. Melville House, 2017.
Brock, David. Killing the Messenger: The Right-Wing Plot to Derail Hillary and Hijack Your Government. Twelve, 2015. .
Casey, Wilson. 101 Reasons to Vote FOR Hillary. Skyhorse Publishing, 2016. .
Church, Trevor. Out of the Woods: The Lynch Mob & Hillary Clinton. HERstory House, 2017. .
Clinton, Bill. My Life. Knopf, 2004. .
Clinton Websites: Five Official Archived White House Websites from 1993 through 2001 (CD-ROM set). Core Federal Information Series, 2002. .
Conason, Joe and Lyons, Gene. The Hunting of the President: The Ten-Year Campaign to Destroy Bill and Hillary Clinton. St. Martin's Press, 2000. .
D'Antonio, Michael. The Hunting of Hillary: The Forty-Year Campaign to Destroy Hillary Clinton. Thomas Dunne Books, 2020. .
Davis, Lanny J. The Unmaking of the President 2016: How FBI Director James Comey Cost Hillary Clinton the Presidency. Scribner, 2018. .
Estrich, Susan. The Case for Hillary Clinton. HarperCollins, 2005. .
Finlay, Anita. Dirty Words on Clean Skin: Sexism and Sabotage, a Hillary Supporter's Rude Awakening. Golden Middleway Books, 2012. .
Halley, Patrick. On the Road With Hillary: A Behind-the-Scenes Look at the Journey from Arkansas to the U.S. Senate. Viking Adult, 2002. .
Osborne, Claire G. (ed.) The Unique Voice of Hillary Rodham Clinton: A Portrait in Her Own Words. Avon Books, 1997. .
Shambaugh, Rebecca. Leadership Secrets of Hillary Clinton. McGraw-Hill, 2010. .
Tomasky, Michael. Hillary's Turn: Inside Her Improbable, Victorious Senate Campaign. Free Press, 2001. .
Westfall, Sandra Sobieraj and Kinney, Barbara. #StillWithHer: Hillary Rodham Clinton and the Moments That Sparked a Movement. Press Syndication Group, 2018. .
Anti...
Aldrich, Gary. Unlimited Access: An FBI Agent Inside the Clinton White House. Regnery Publishing, 1996. .
American Conservative Union. Hillary Rodham Clinton: What Every American Should Know. Green Hill Publishing, 2005. .
Andersen, Christopher. Bill and Hillary: The Marriage. William Morrow, 1999. .
Andersen, Christopher, American Evita: Hillary Clinton's Path to Power. HarperCollins, 2004. .
Bossie, David N. Hillary: The Politics of Personal Destruction. Thomas Nelson, 2008. .
Boswell, John, The Unshredded Files of Hillary and Bill Clinton. Broadway, 1996. .
Bozell, L. Brent with Tim Graham. Whitewash: How the News Media Are Paving Hillary Clinton's Path to the Presidency. Crown Forum, 2007. .
Brazile, Donna. Hacks: The Inside Story of the Break-ins and Breakdowns That Put Donald Trump in the White House. Hachette Books, 2017. .
Buchanan, Bay. The Extreme Makeover of Hillary (Rodham) Clinton. Regnery Publishing, 2007. .
Byrne, Gary J. Crisis of Character: A White House Secret Service Officer Discloses His Firsthand Experience with Hillary, Bill, and How They Operate. Center Street, 2016. .
Carpenter, Amanda B. The Vast Right-Wing Conspiracy's Dossier on Hillary Clinton. Regnery Publishing, 2006. .
Casey, Wilson. 101 Reasons to Vote AGAINST Hillary. Skyhorse Publishing, 2016. .
Cashill, Jack. Ron Brown's Body: How One Man's Death Saved the Clinton Presidency and Hillary's Future. Thomas Nelson, 2004. .
Corsi, Jerome R. Partners in Crime: The Clintons' Scheme to Monetize the White House for Personal Profit. WND Books, 2016. .
D'Souza, Dinesh. Stealing America: What My Experience with Criminal Gangs Taught Me about Obama, Hillary, and the Democratic Party. Broadside Books, 2015. .
D'Souza, Dinesh. Hillary's America: The Secret History of the Democratic Party. Regnery Publishing, 2016.
Featherstone, Liza (ed.) False Choices: The Faux Feminism of Hillary Rodham Clinton. Verso, 2016. .
Goldberg, Jonah, Liberal Fascism: The Totalitarian Temptation from Mussolini to Hillary Clinton. Doubleday, 2007. .
Halper, Daniel. Clinton, Inc.: The Audacious Rebuilding of a Political Machine. Broadside Books, 2014. .
Henwood, Doug. My Turn: Hillary Clinton Targets the Presidency. Seven Stories Press, 2016. .
Hewitt, Hugh. The Queen: The Epic Ambition of Hillary and the Coming of a Second "Clinton Era". Center Street, 2015. .
Horowitz, David and Poe, Richard. The Shadow Party : How Hillary Clinton, George Soros, and the Sixties Left Took Over the Democratic Party. Nelson Current, 2006. .
Hyman, Mark. Pardongate: How Bill & Hillary Clinton and Their Brothers Profited from Pardons. Highbridge Audio and Blackstone Publishing, 2021. ISBN 1-6651-7575-3.
Ingraham, Laura. The Hillary Trap: Looking for Power in All the Wrong Places. Hyperion, 2000. .
Jackson, Candace E. Their Lives: Women Targeted by the Clinton Machine. World Ahead Publishing, 2005.
Jarrett, Gregg. The Russia Hoax: The Illicit Scheme to Clear Hillary Clinton and Frame Donald Trump. Broadside Books, 2018. .
Johnstone, Diana. Queen of Chaos: The Misadventures of Hillary Clinton. CounterPunch, 2015. .
Klein, Aaron. The REAL Benghazi Story: What the White House and Hillary Don't Want You to Know. WND Books, 2014. .
Klein, Edward. The Truth About Hillary: What She Knew, When She Knew It, and How Far She'll Go to Become President. Penguin, 2005. .
Klein, Edward. Blood Feud: The Clintons vs. the Obamas. Regnery Publishing, 2014. .
Klein, Edward. Unlikeable: The Problem with Hillary. Regnery Publishing, 2015. .
Klein, Edward. Guilty as Sin: Uncovering New Evidence of Corruption and How Hillary Clinton and the Democrats Derailed the FBI Investigation. Regnery, 2016. iSBN
Kyle, Dolly. Hillary the Other Woman: A Political Memoir. WND Books, 2016. .
Kuiper, Thomas. I've Always Been a Yankees Fan: Hillary Clinton in Her Own Words. World Ahead Publishing, 2006. .
Limbacher, Carl. Hillary's Scheme: Inside the Next Clinton's Ruthless Agenda to Take the White House. Crown Publishing, 2003. .
Milton, Joyce. The First Partner: Hillary Rodham Clinton. William Morrow and Company, 1999. .
Morris, Dick. Rewriting History. HarperCollins, 2004. .
Morris, Dick and McGann, Eileen. Condi vs. Hillary : The Next Great Presidential Race. HarperCollins, 2005. .
Morris, Dick and McGann, Eileen. Armageddon: How Trump Can Beat Hillary. Humanix Books, 2016.
Noonan, Peggy. The Case Against Hillary Clinton. HarperCollins, 2000. .
Olson, Barbara. Hell to Pay: The Unfolding Story of Hillary Rodham Clinton. Regnery Publishing, 1999. .
Pierce, Anne R. A Perilous Path: The Misguided Foreign Policy of Barack Obama, Hillary Clinton and John Kerry. Post Hill Press, 2016. .
Podhoretz, John. Can She Be Stopped? : Hillary Clinton Will Be the Next President of the United States Unless .... Crown Publishing, 2006. .
Poe, Richard. Hillary's Secret War: The Clinton Conspiracy to Muzzle Internet Journalists. Nelson Current, 2004. .
Regan, Turk. The Hillary Clinton Voodoo Kit: Stick It to Her, Before She Sticks It to You!. Running Press Book Publishers, 2007. .
Schweizer, Peter. Clinton Cash: The Untold Story of How and Why Foreign Governments and Businesses Helped Make Bill and Hillary Rich. Harper, 2015. .
Starr, Ken. Contempt: A Memoir of the Clinton Investigation. Sentinel, 2018. .
Stone, Roger and Morrow, Robert. The Clintons' War On Women. Skyhorse Publishing, 2013. .
Taylor, Scott. Trust Betrayed: Barack Obama, Hillary Clinton, and the Selling Out of America's National Security. Regnery Publishing, 2015. .
Tyrrell, R. Emmett and Davis, Mark. Madame Hillary: The Dark Road to the White House. Regnery Publishing, 2004. .
Wead, Doug. Game of Thorns: The Inside Story of Hillary Clinton's Failed Campaign and Donald Trump's Winning Strategy. Center Street, 2017.
Willey, Kathleen. Target: Caught in the Crosshairs of Bill and Hillary Clinton. WND Books, 2007. .
Mostly neutral
Allen, Jonathan and Parnes, Amie. HRC: State Secrets and the Rebirth of Hillary Clinton. Crown, 2014. .
Allen, Jonathan and Parnes, Amie. Shattered: Inside Hillary Clinton's Doomed Campaign. Deckle Edge, 2017.
Bamberger, Joanne (ed.). Love Her, Love Her Not: The Hillary Paradox. She Writes Press, 2015. .
Bernstein, Carl. A Woman in Charge: The Life of Hillary Rodham Clinton. Knopf, 2007. .
Bond, Alma H. Hillary Rodham Clinton: On The Couch. Bancroft Press, 2015. .
Boys, James D. Hillary Rising : The Politics, Persona and Policies of a New American Dynasty. Biteback Publishing, 2016. .
Brock, David. The Seduction of Hillary Rodham. Simon & Schuster, 1996. .
Chafe, William H. Bill and Hillary: The Politics of the Personal. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012. .
Chozick, Amy. Chasing Hillary: Ten Years, Two Presidential Campaigns, and One Intact Glass Ceiling. Harper, 2018. .
Flaherty, Peter and Flaherty, Timothy. The First Lady: A Comprehensive View of Hillary Rodham Clinton. Huntington House, 1996. .
Flinn, Susan K. (ed.). Speaking of Hillary: A Reader's Guide to the Most Controversial Woman in America. White Cloud Press, 2000. .
Ghattas, Kim. The Secretary: A Journey with Hillary Clinton from Beirut to the Heart of American Power. Times Books, 2013. .
Gerth, Jeff and Van Natta Jr., Don. Her Way: The Hopes and Ambitions of Hillary Rodham Clinton. Little, Brown and Co., 2007. .
Harpaz, Beth. The Girls in the Van: Covering Hillary. Thomas Dunne Books, 2001. .
Heilemann, John and Halperin, Mark. Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime. HarperCollins, 2010. .
King, Norman. Hillary: Her True Story. Carol Publishing, 1993. .
Kornblut, Anne E. Notes from the Cracked Ceiling: Hillary Clinton, Sarah Palin, and What It Will Take for a Woman to Win. Crown Books, 2009. .
Kreitner, Richard (ed.). Who is Hillary Clinton?: Two Decades of Answers from the Left. I.B.Tauris, 2016. .
Landler, Mark. Alter Egos: Hillary Clinton, Barack Obama, and the Twilight Struggle Over American Power. Random House, 2016. .
Maraniss, David. First In His Class: A Biography of Bill Clinton. Simon & Schuster, 1995. .
Marshall, Sara. Hillary. New Word City, 2014.
McNeely, Robert. The Making of Hillary Clinton: The White House Years. University of Texas Press, 2017.
Morris, Roger. Partners in Power: The Clintons and Their America. Henry Holt, 1996. .
Morrison, Susan (ed.). Thirty Ways of Looking at Hillary: Reflections by Women Writers. HarperCollins, 2008. .
Mueller, James E. Tag Teaming the Press: How Bill and Hillary Clinton Work Together to Handle the Media. Rowman & Littlefield, 2008. .
Nelson, Rex and Martin, Philip. The Hillary Factor: The Story of America's First Lady. Gallen Publishing, 1993. .
Oppenheimer, Jerry. State of a Union: Inside the Complex Marriage of Bill and Hillary Clinton. HarperCollins, 2000. .
Osborne, Claire G. The Unique Voice of Hillary Rodham Clinton: A Portrait in Her Own Words. Avon Books, 1997. .
Porter, Darwin and Prince, Danforth. Bill & Hillary: So This Is That Thing Called Love. Blood Moon Productions, 2015. .
Radcliffe, Donnie. Hillary Rodham Clinton : A First Lady for Our Time. Warner Books, 1993. .
Reid, Joy-Ann. Fracture: Barack Obama, the Clintons, and the Racial Divide. William Morrow, 2015. .
Renwick, Robin. Ready for Hillary?: Portrait of a President in Waiting. Biteback Publishing, 2015. .
Rogak, Lisa. Hillary Clinton in Her Own Words. Seal Press, 2014. .
Sanchez, Leslie. You've Come a Long Way, Maybe: Sarah, Michelle, Hillary, and the Shaping of the New American Woman . Palgrave Macmillan, 2009. .
Sheehy, Gail. Hillary's Choice. Random House, 1999. .
Smith, Sally Bedell. For Love of Politics: Bill and Hillary Clinton: The White House Years. Random House, 2007. .
Traister, Rebecca. Big Girls Don't Cry: The Election that Changed Everything for American Women. Free Press, 2011. .
Time magazine, editors of. Hillary: An American Life. Time, 2014. .
University Press, editors of. Hillary Clinton: The Biography. University Press, 2021. ISBN 979-8546963484.
Walker, Diana. Hillary: The Photographs of Diana Walker. Simon & Schuster, 2014. .
Warner, Judith. Hillary Clinton: The Inside Story (revised and updated). Signet, 1999. .
Scholarly studies
Burrell, Barbara. Public Opinion, the First Ladyship, and Hillary Rodham Clinton (2nd Ed). Taylor & Francis, 2001. .
Cargile, Ivy A.M., Denise S. Davis, Jennifer L. Merolla, and Rachel VanSickle-Ward (eds.). The Hillary Effect: Perspectives on Clinton's Legacy. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2020. ISBN 1-83860-392-1.
Gronnerud, Kathleen. Hillary Clinton: A Life in American History. ABC-CLIO, 2021. ISBN 1-4408-7418-2.
Gutgold, Nichola D. Almost Madam President: Why Hillary Clinton 'Won' in 2008. Lexington Books, 2009. .
Hudson, Valerie M. and Leidl, Patricia. The Hillary Doctrine: Sex and American Foreign Policy. Columbia University Press, 2015. .
Kelley, Colleen Elizabeth. The Rhetoric of First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton: Crisis Management Discourse. Greenwood Publishing, 2001. .
Lawrence, Regina G. and Rose, Melody. Hillary Clinton's Race for the White House: Gender Politics and the Media on the Campaign Trail. Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2009. .
Parry-Giles, Shawn J. Hillary Clinton in the News: Gender and Authenticity in American Politics. University of Illinois Press, 2014. .
Sharma, Dinesh (ed.). The Global Hillary: Women's Political Leadership in Cultural Contexts. Routledge, 2016. .
Troy, Gil. Affairs of State: The Rise and Rejection of the Presidential Couple Since World War II Free Press, 1997. .
Troy, Gil. Hillary Rodham Clinton: Polarizing First Lady. University Press of Kansas, 2006. .
Van Raamsdonk, Alice Garcia. Hillary Rodham Clinton: De Activista Liberal a Arquétipo do Poder Feminino. Universitária Editora, 2000. .
Poetry
Kunkel, Marianne. Hillary, Made Up. Stephen F. Austin University Press, 2018. .
Children's and juvenile
Abrams, Dennis. Hillary Rodham Clinton: Politician. Chelsea House Publications, 2009. .
Alexander, Heather. Who is Hillary Clinton? Penguin Young Readers Group, 2016. .
Armstrong, Jennifer. Bill and Hillary: Working Together in the White House. Sagebrush, 1999. .
Ashby, Ruth. Bill & Hillary Rodham Clinton. World Almanac Library, 2005. .
Bach, Julie. Hillary Rodham Clinton. Abdo Publishing, 1993. .
Bailey, Neal and Howe, Ryan (Illus.) Hillary Clinton (Female Force). Bluewater Productions, 2009. .
Blumenthal, Karen. Hillary Rodham Clinton: A Woman Living History. Feiwel & Friends, 2016. .
Boyd, Aaron. First Lady: The Story of Hillary Rodham Clinton. Morgan Reynolds Publishing, 1994. .
Burgan, Michael. Hillary Rodham Clinton: First Lady And Senator. Compass Point Books, 2008. .
Burgan, Michael. Hillary Clinton (Extraordinary Women). Ignite, 2014. .
Burlingame, Jeff. Hillary Clinton: A Life in Politics. Enslow Publishers, 2008. .
Carosella, Melissa. Hillary Clinton: First Lady, Senator, and Secretary of State. Teacher Created Materials, 2011. .
Corey, Shana and Adam Gustavson (Illus.) Hillary Clinton: The Life of a Leader. Random House Books for Young Readers, 2016. .
Doak, Robin S. Hillary Clinton. True Books, Children's Press, 2013. .
Driscoll, Laura. Hillary Clinton: An American Journey. Grosset & Dunlap, 2008. .
Eagan, Jill. Hillary Rodham Clinton. Gareth Stevens Publishers, 2010. .
Epstein, Dwayne. Hillary Clinton. Lucent Books, 2007. .
Freedman, Jeri. Hillary Rodham Clinton: Profile of a Leading Democrat. Rosen Publishing Group, 2007. .
Freedman, Jeri. Hillary Rodham Clinton. ReadHowYouWant, 2008. .
Greenberg, Keith Elliot and Harston, Jerry (Illus.) Bill & Hillary: Working Together in the White House. Blackbirch Press, 1994. .
Guernsey, Joann Bren. Hillary Rodham Clinton: A New Kind of First Lady. Lerner Publishing Group, 1993. .
Guernsey, Joann Bren. Hillary Rodham Clinton. First Avenue Editions, 2005. .
Guernsey, Joann Bren. Hillary Rodham Clinton: Secretary of State. Twenty-First Century Books, 2010. .
Gullo, Jim. The Importance Of Hillary Rodham Clinton. Lucent Books, 2003. .
Kawa, Katie. Hillary Clinton. Powerkids Press, 2016. .
Kent, Deborah. Hillary Rodham Clinton: 1947. Children's Press, 1999. .
Kozar, Richard. Hillary Rodham Clinton. Chelsea House Publications, 1998. .
Krull, Kathleen and Bates, Amy June (Illus.) Hillary Rodham Clinton: Dreams Taking Flight. Simon & Schuster Children's Publishing, 2008. . Reissued in new edition 2015, .
Levert, Suzanne. Hillary Rodham Clinton. Topeka Bindery, 1999. .
Levinson, Cynthia. Hillary Rodham Clinton: Do All the Good You Can. Balzer + Bray, 2016. .
Levy, Dena B., and Krassas, Nicole R. Hillary Clinton : A Biography. Greenwood Press, 2007. .
Loewen, Nancy. Hillary Rodham Clinton. Creative Education, 1998. .
Maida, Jerome. Political Power: Hillary Rodham Clinton. Bluewater Productions, 2011. .
Markel, Michelle and Pham, LeUyen (illus.). Hillary Rodham Clinton: Some Girls Are Born to Lead. Balzer + Bray, 2016. .
Mattern, Joanne. Hillary Rodham Clinton. Checkerboard Books, 2007. .
Milton, Joyce. The Story of Hillary Rodham Clinton. Yearling, 1994. .
Paley, Rebecca and Melissa Manwill. A Girl Named Hillary: The True Story of Hillary Clinton. Scholastic, 2018 .
Ryan Jr., Bernard. Hillary Rodham Clinton: First Lady and Senator. Ferguson Publishing Company, 2004. .
Shepherd, Jodie. Hillary Clinton. C. Press/F. Watts Trade, 2015. .
Sherrow, Victoria. Hillary Rodham Clinton. Dillon Press, 1993. .
Spain, Valerie. Meet Hillary Rodham Clinton. Random House Books for Young Readers, 1994. .
Stacey, T. J. Hillary Rodham Clinton: Activist First Lady. Enslow Publishers, 1994. .
Tracy, Kathleen. The Historic Fight for the 2008 Democratic Presidential Nomination: The Clinton View. Mitchell Lane Publishers, 2009. .
Wagner, Heather Lehr. Hillary Rodham Clinton. Chelsea House Publications, 2004. .
Wheeler, Jill C. Hillary Rodham Clinton. ABDO & Daughters, 2002. .
Winter, Jonah and Colón, Raul (illus.). Hillary. Schwartz & Wade, 2016. .
Comics and graphic novels
Bailey, Neal and Ryan Howe (artist). Female Force: Hillary Clinton #1. Bluewater Productions, 2009. ASIN: 194872443X [#2 and #3 subsequently published as well]
Bailey, Neal and several (artists). Sarah Palin, Michelle Obama, Hillary Clinton & Caroline Kennedy: Female Force VI. Bluewater Productions, 2009. ASIN: B003JTHVR4
Frizell, Michael L. and Aleksandar Bozic (artist). Female Force: Hillary Clinton: Road to Secretary of State. Bluewater Productions, 2015. ASIN: B00WTCT1MK
Frizell, Michael L. and Aleksandar Bozic, Joe Paradise and Ryan Howe (artists). Female Force: Hillary Clinton: The Graphic Novel. Stormfront Entertainment, 2015. ASIN: B00Z3IH08E
Frizell, Michael L. and Joe Paradise (artist). Female Force: Hillary Clinton: The Road to the White House. Bluewater Productions, 2015.
Frizell, Michael L. Political Power: Election 2016: Clinton, Bush, Trump, Sanders, & Paul. TidalWave Productions, 2018. ASIN: 194872443X
Coloring and play books
Cuhwald, Caitlin. Hillary Rodham Clinton Presidential Playset: Includes Ten Paper Dolls, Three Rooms of Fun, Fashion Accessories, and More! Quirk Books, 2015. .
LeBorts, George and Wojciech Wilk (illus.). The Very Unofficial Hillary Clinton Coloring Book. Strobooks, 2007. .
Ramon, Valentin (illus.). Hillary: The Coloring Book. Ulysses Press, 2014. .
Schumacher, Maria. Circle It, Hillary Clinton Facts, Word Search, Puzzle Book. Lowry Global Media, 2016. .
Schumacher, Maria and Schumacher, Mark. Special Edition, Two Books in One!!! Circle It, Hillary Clinton Facts and Donald Trump Facts, Word Search, Puzzle Book. Lowry Global Media, 2016. .
Fictional
Bowen, Michael. HILLARY!: How America's First Woman President Won The White House. Branden Books, 2003. .
Cowan, Bill and Carlson, Richard W. Snatching Hillary, A Satirical Novel. Tulip Hill Publishing, 2014. .
Hnath, Lucas. Hillary and Clinton (script of play). Theatre Communications Group, 2019. .
Moe, John. The Deleted Emails of Hillary Clinton: A Parody. Three Rivers Press, 2015. .
Shaw, Vera G. and Reis, Emmy (illus.). Hillary Clinton Haiku: Her Rise to Power, Syllable by Syllable, Pantsuit by Pantsuit. Twelve, 2015. .
Sittenfeld, Curtis. Rodham. Random House, 2020. .
Scholarly articles and chapters
By Clinton
Rodham, Hillary D. "There Is Only The Fight...": An Analysis of the Alinsky Model. Senior honors thesis, Wellesley College, 1969. Available at the college archives.
Reprinted in (eds.) Rochelle Beck, Heather Bastow Weiss, The Rights of Children, Harvard Educational Review Reprint Series, No. 9, 1974, pp. 1–28.
Rodham, Hillary. "Children's Rights: A Legal Perspective", in (eds.) Patricia A. Vardin, Ilene N. Brody, Children's Rights: Contemporary Perspectives, Teacher's College Press, 1979. pp. 21–36
Clinton, Hillary. "America's Pacific Century", Foreign Policy, issue 189, pp. 56–63 (October 11, 2011).
By others
Anderson, Karrin Vasby. "Hillary Rodham Clinton as 'Madonna': The Role of Metaphor and Oxymoron in Image Restoration". Women's Studies in Communication, Vol. 25, 2002.
Anderson, Karrin Vasby. "Presidential Pioneer or Campaign Queen?: Hillary Clinton and the First-Timer/Frontrunner Double Bind." Rhetoric & Public Affairs, Vol. 20, No. 3, Fall 2017.
Bhatia, Sudeep, and Geoffrey P. Goodwin and Lukasz Walasek. "Trait Associations for Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump in News Media: A Computational Analysis." Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2018.
Bostdorff, Denise M. "Hillary Rodham Clinton and Elizabeth Dole as Running 'Mates' in the 1996 Campaign: Parallels in the Rhetorical Constraints of First Ladies and Vice Presidents" in Robert E. Denton Jr., ed., The 1996 Presidential Campaign: A Communication Perspective, pp 199–228. Praeger, 1998. .
Brown, Mary Ellen. "Feminism and Cultural Politics: Television Audiences and Hillary Rodham Clinton." Political Communication (2001).
Burden, Barry C. and Mughan, Anthony. "Public opinion and Hillary Rodham Clinton", Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 63, No. 2 (Summer 1999).
Burrell, Barbara C. "The Office of the First Lady and Public Policymaking" in MaryAnne Borrelli and Janet M. Martin, eds. The Other Elites: Women, Politics, and Power in the Executive Branch, pp 169–88. Rienner, 1997. .
Carlin, Diana B. and Winfrey, Kelly L. "Have you come a long way, baby? Hillary Clinton, Sarah Palin, and sexism in 2008 campaign coverage", Communication Studies (2009).
Choma, Becky L. and Yaniv Hanoch. "Cognitive ability and authoritarianism: Understanding support for Trump and Clinton." Personality and Individual Differences, Vol. 106 (February 2017).
Cohen, Jeffrey E. "The Polls: Public Favorability toward the First Lady, 1993-1999" Presidential Studies Quarterly. Volume: 30. Issue: 3. 2000, pp 575+.
Crowson, Howard Michael and Joyce A. Brandes. "Differentiating Between Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton Voters Using Facets of Right-Wing Authoritarianism and Social-Dominance Orientation." Psychological Reports, 2017.
Enli, Gunn. "Twitter as arena for the authentic outsider: exploring the social media campaigns of Trump and Clinton in the 2016 US presidential election." European Journal of Communication Vol. 32, No. 1 (2017).
Gardetto, Darlaine C. "Hillary Rodham Clinton, Symbolic Gender Politics, and The New York Times: January–November 1992", Political Communication (1997).
Holloway, Rachel L. "The Clintons and the Health Care Crisis: Opportunity Lost, Promise Unfulfilled" in Robert E. Denton Jr. and Rachel L. Holloway, eds. The Clinton Presidency: Images, Issues, and Communication Strategies, pp. 159–88. Praeger, 1996. .
Jones, Jennifer J. "Talk 'Like a Man': The Linguistic Styles of Hillary Clinton, 1992–2013". Perspectives on Politics, 14(3) (2016), 625–642.
Jordan, GH. "Agents of (Incremental) Change: From Myra Bradwell to Hillary Clinton", Nevada Law Journal, 2008.
Kellerman, Barbara. "The Enabler," Presidential Studies Quarterly Volume: 28. Issue: 4. 1998, pp 887–893.
Lather, Patti. "Dear Hillary." International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, Vol. 30, No. 10, 2017.
Lawrence, Regina G., and Melody Rose. "Bringing Out the Hook: Exit Talk in Media Coverage of Hillary Clinton and Past Presidential Campaigns." Political Research Quarterly (2010).
Lehn, Melody. "Strong Frontrunner, Weak Woman: Hillary Rodham Clinton and the Politics of Pile On" in Clarke Rountree, ed. Venomous Speech: Problems with American Political Discourse on the Right and Left, Vol. 2, pp. 223–236. Praeger, 2013. .
Lim, E.T. "Gendered Metaphors of Women in Power: The Case of Hillary Clinton as Madonna, Unruly Woman, Bitch and Witch". In: Ahrens K. (ed.) Politics, Gender and Conceptual Metaphors. Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.
McGinley, Ann. "Hillary Clinton, Sarah Palin, and Michelle Obama: Performing Gender, Race, and Class on the Campaign Trail." Denver University Law Review vol. 86 no. 709 (2008–2009).
Muir, Janette Kenner and Lisa M. Benitez, "Redefining the Role of the First Lady: The Rhetorical Style of Hillary Rodham Clinton" in Robert E. Denton Jr. and Rachel L. Holloway, eds. The Clinton Presidency: Images, Issues, and Communication Strategies, pp. 139–58. Praeger, 1996.
Nai, Alessandro and Jürgen Maier. "Perceived personality and campaign style of Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump." Personality and Individual Differences, Vol. 121, January 2018.
Ratliff, Katie A. et al. "Engendering support: Hostile sexism predicts voting for Donald Trump over Hillary Clinton in the 2016 U.S. presidential election." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 2017.
Shafer, Emily Fitzgibbons. "Hillary Rodham Versus Hillary Clinton: Consequences of Surname Choice in Marriage." Gender Issues, Vol. 34, No. 4, December 2017.
Simien, Evelyn M. and Sarah Cote Hampson. "Hillary Clinton and the Women Who Supported Her: Emotional Attachments and the 2008 Democratic Presidential Primary." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race, Vol. 14, No. 1, Spring 2017.
Stewart, Patrick A. et al. "Visual Presentation Style 2: Influences on Perceptions of Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton Based on Visual Presentation Style During the Third 2016 Presidential Debate." American Behavioral Scientist, 2017.
Swank, Eric. "Who Voted for Hillary Clinton? Sexual Identities, Gender, and Family Influences." Journal of GLBT Family Studies, Vol. 14, No. 1–2, 2018.
Taylor, Cheryl A. and Charles G. Lord, Rusty B. McIntyre, René M. Paulson. "The Hillary Clinton effect: When the same role model inspires or fails to inspire improved performance under stereotype threat", Group Processes & Intergroup Relations (2011).
Templin, Charlotte. "Hillary Clinton as threat to gender norms: Cartoon images of the first lady", Journal of Communication Inquiry (1999).
Thomas, JB. "Dumb blondes, Dan Quayle, and Hillary Clinton: Gender, sexuality, and stupidity in jokes", Journal of American Folklore (1997).
Uscinski, Joseph E., and Lily J. Goren. "What's in a Name? Coverage of Senator Hillary Clinton during the 2008 Democratic Primary." Political Research Quarterly (2010).
Visser, Beth A. and Angela S. Book, Anthony A. Volk. "Is Hillary dishonest and Donald narcissistic? A HEXACO analysis of the presidential candidates' public personas." Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 106 (February 2017).
Wang, Y., Y. Feng, J. Luo, and X. Zhang, "Pricing the woman card: Gender politics between Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump," 2016 IEEE International Conference on Big Data, 2016, pp. 2541–2544.
Winfield, Betty Houchin. "The making of an image: Hillary Rodham Clinton and American journalists", Political Communication (1997).
Wright, Joshua D. and Monica F.Tomlinson, "Personality profiles of Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump: Fooled by your own politics." Personality and Individual Differences, Vol. 128 (July 2018).
Columns by Clinton
Complete collection of Hillary Rodham Clinton's "Talking It Over" newspaper columns, written for Creators Syndicate from 1995–2000
Clinton, Hillary Rodham. "There is no such thing as 'other peoples' children", Los Angeles Times (March 14, 1995).
Clinton, Hillary Rodham. "Investing In Sisterhood: An Agenda for the World's Women", The Washington Post (May 14, 1995).
Clinton, Hillary Rodham. "Arts for Our Sake", The New York Times (June 21, 1995).
Clinton, Hillary Rodham. "Our Chance for Healthier Children", The New York Times (August 5, 1997).
Clinton, Hillary Rodham. "With Fear, Hope, Love and Best Wishes for My Daughter, Chelsea", Los Angeles Times (September 18, 1997).
Clinton, Hillary Rodham [with Joe Lieberman]. "Keep welfare reform momentum", The Spokesman-Review via The Washington Post (May 4, 2002).
Clinton, Hillary Rodham. "Helping the Jobless", The New York Times (September 20, 2002).
Clinton, Hillary Rodham. "Now Can We Talk About Health Care?", The New York Times (April 18, 2004).
Clinton, Hillary Rodham. "Give New York Its Fair Share of Homeland Funds", The New York Times (August 22, 2004).
Clinton, Hillary [with Bill Frist]. "How to Heal Health Care", The Washington Post (August 25, 2004).
Clinton, Hillary [with Carl Levin]. "North Korea's Rising Urgency" (July 5, 2005).
Clinton, Hillary Rodham [with Cecile Richards]. "Blocking Care for Women", The New York Times (September 19, 2008).
Clinton, Hillary Rodham. "Partnering Against Human Trafficking", The Washington Post (June 17, 2009).
Clinton, Hillary. "A New Strategic and Economic Dialogue With China", The Wall Street Journal (July 27, 2009).
Clinton, Hillary. "Hillary Clinton: All Nations Must Play a Part in Afghanistan Mission", The Telegraph (December 4, 2009)
Clinton, Hillary Rodham. "The U.S. Is on Board", The International Herald Tribune (December 15, 2009).
Clinton, Hillary. "The Balkans Deserve This", The Guardian (May 30, 2010).
Clinton, Hillary Rodham. "A Partnership of Democracies", Times of India (June 4, 2010)
Clinton, Hillary Rodham [with Robert M. Gates]. "Clinton and Gates: Why the Senate should ratify New START", The Washington Post (November 15, 2010).
Clinton, Hillary. "Clean stoves' would save lives, cut pollution", USA Today (May 6, 2011)
Clinton, Hillary. "Independence Day for South Sudan", The Washington Post (July 9, 2011).
Clinton, Hillary Rodham [with Carl Bildt]. "Wallenberg's Life-Giving Legacy", The New York Times (January 17, 2012).
Clinton, Hillary. "Hillary Clinton: Trade With Russia Is a Win-Win", The Wall Street Journal (June 19, 2012).
Clinton, Hillary. "The Art of Smart Power", New Statesman (July 18, 2012)
Clinton, Hillary Rodham [with Catherine Ashton]. "Ukraine's Troubling Trends", The International Herald Tribune (October 25, 2012).
Clinton, Hillary Rodham. "Hillary Clinton reviews Henry Kissinger's 'World Order'", The Washington Post, (September 4, 2014).
Clinton, Hillary Rodham [with Bill Frist]. "Save the Children's Insurance", The New York Times (February 13, 2015).
Clinton, Hillary Rodham. "American Democracy Is in Crisis", The Atlantic (September 16, 2018).
Clinton, Hillary. "Mueller documented a serious crime against all Americans. Here's how to respond." The Washington Post (April 24, 2019).
Clinton, Hillary Rodham. "Trump should be impeached. But that alone won't remove white supremacy from America." The Washington Post (January 11, 2021).
Clinton, Hillary Rodham. "The Fight for Voting Rights Is The Fight For Our Democracy". Democracy Docket (July 7, 2021).
Clinton, Hillary Rodham [with Dan Schwerin]. "A State of Emergency for Democracy". The Atlantic'' (February 25, 2022).
Bibliographies of people
Books about the Clinton administration
Books
Lists of books
Political bibliographies
Books
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4009925
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choral%20Fantasy%20%28Beethoven%29
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Choral Fantasy (Beethoven)
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The Fantasy for piano, vocal soloists, mixed chorus, and orchestra, Op. 80, usually called the Choral Fantasy, was composed in 1808 by then 38-year-old Ludwig van Beethoven.
Beethoven intended the Fantasy to serve as the concluding work for the benefit concert he put on for himself on 22 December 1808; the performers consisted of vocal soloists, mixed chorus, an orchestra, and Beethoven himself as piano soloist. The Fantasy was designed to include all the participants in the program and thus unites all of these musical forces.
The work is noted as a precursor to the later Ninth Symphony.
Background, composition, and premiere
The Fantasia was first performed at the Akademie of 22 December 1808, a benefit concert which also saw the premieres of the Fifth and Sixth Symphonies and the Fourth Piano Concerto as well as a performance of excerpts of the Mass in C major. To conclude this memorable concert program, Beethoven wanted a "brilliant finale" that would unite in a single piece the different musical elements highlighted in the concert night: piano solo, mixed chorus and orchestra. The Fantasia, Op. 80, written shortly before, was thus composed expressly to fulfil this role. Beethoven himself played the piano part and the opening solo offers an example of his improvisational style (at the premiere he did, in fact, improvise this section).
Beethoven wrote the piece during the second half of December 1808 in an unusually short time by his standards. He commissioned a poet—whose identity is disputed—to write the words shortly before the performance to fit the already written parts. According to Beethoven's pupil Carl Czerny, the poet was , but the later Beethoven scholar Gustav Nottebohm doubted this attribution and suggested it may have been Georg Friedrich Treitschke, who in 1814 prepared the final text of Beethoven's opera Fidelio.
The premiere performance seems to have been a rather troubled one; according to the composer's secretary, Anton Schindler, it "simply fell apart", a result most likely attributable to insufficient rehearsal time. Because of a mistake in the execution of the piece, it was stopped halfway through and restarted. In Ignaz von Seyfried's words:
The Choral Fantasy and the Ninth Symphony
The work includes a sequence of variations on a theme that is widely felt to be an early version of a far better known variation theme, namely the one to which Beethoven set the words of Friedrich Schiller's "Ode to Joy" in his Ninth Symphony. The two themes are compared below.
Michael Broyles has suggested another musical similarity: the two works share essentially the same harmonic sequence at their climactic moments, the chords (in C major) C–F–D–(G)–E, where the E stands out from its harmonic context and is performed fortissimo. The words sung at this point are (for the Choral Fantasy) "Lieb und Kraft" ("love and strength") and (for the Ninth Symphony) "Über'm Sternenzelt! Über Sternen muss er wohnen." ("Above the tent of the stars, above the stars he must dwell.")
There are also affinities in the texts. The theme of the Choral Fantasy text – universal fraternity with the meeting of arts – evokes similar feelings as the "Ode to Joy" text.
Beethoven himself acknowledged the kinship of the two works. In a letter of 1824, when he was writing the Ninth Symphony, he described his project as "a setting of the words of Schiller's immortal '' in the same way as my pianoforte fantasia with chorus, but on a far grander scale."
The Choral Fantasy theme is itself taken from an earlier work by Beethoven: it is a slightly modified version of the composer's "Seufzer eines Ungeliebten – Gegenliebe,” a lied for high voice and piano written c. 1794–1795.
Form
The Choral Fantasy, which lasts about twenty minutes, is divided into two movements, played without a break:
The piece is scored for solo piano, mixed chorus, two soprano soloists, an alto soloist, two tenor soloists, a bass soloist, and an orchestra consisting of two flutes, two oboes, two clarinets, two bassoons, two horns, two trumpets, timpani and strings.
The Fantasy opens with a slow but virtuosic 26-bar piano introduction, beginning in C minor and modulating through a variety of keys in florid, improvisatory fashion. At its midpoint it settles on the dominant of the dominant, G major, with an extended cadenza. The implied key is never confirmed and the music eventually returns to C minor in a stormy passage, which at the last moment turns once more toward the dominant seventh of G in a sweeping arpeggio. This concludes the opening section.
The main part of the piece, marked "Finale", begins with a march-like motive (Allegro) played by the cellos and basses, alternating with recitative-like interjections from the piano. The music eventually brightens into C major and the solo piano introduces the principal theme (meno allegro) discussed above. Variations on the theme are then played by gradually increasing contingents of instruments: a solo flute, two oboes, a trio of two clarinets and bassoon, and string quartet. A full orchestral version of the theme played at a forte dynamic leads to the re-entry of the piano and to what seems at first like a postlude to this variation set, but that once again turns toward the dominant. The music pauses with a cadenza on the dominant seventh for the solo piano.
There is an abrupt change of mood as the minor mode returns in a stormy Allegro molto. The alternating phrases for piano and orchestra are a disguised variation of the principal theme. In fact, the three sections that follow the first variation set form another, larger-scale set of variations. The allegro molto soon takes on a developmental quality with a series of modulations, the strings playing phrases of the theme accompanied by rapid broken chords on the solo piano. After another cadenza on an E major triad the second large variation (Adagio, ma non troppo) follows, a calm, flowing A-major section prominently featuring the clarinets. This ends with a call-and-response section between double reeds, horn, and piano, and leads without break into the key of F-major and the third variation on the main theme, Marcia (assai vivace). A reprise of the instrumental theme from the first Allegro forms the transition into the choral finale (Allegretto).
The first half of this is essentially a recapitulation of previously heard material at the beginning of the Finale with the addition of solo voices and chorus, another point of similarity with the finale of the Ninth Symphony. After a prolonged dominant pedal and arpeggios from the soloist the chorus, two solo sopranos sing the main theme, followed by a variation featuring a trio of men's voices. After these two variations the entire chorus is joined by the orchestra for the first time in a tutti rendition of the theme. The music gains excitement and eventually breaks into an accelerated coda (Presto) with all forces joining to bring the piece to a triumphant close.
Text
Schmeichelnd hold und lieblich klingen
unseres Lebens Harmonien,
und dem Schönheitssinn entschwingen
Blumen sich, die ewig blühn.
Fried und Freude gleiten freundlich
wie der Wellen Wechselspiel.
Was sich drängte rauh und feindlich,
ordnet sich zu Hochgefühl.
Wenn der Töne Zauber walten
und des Wortes Weihe spricht,
muss sich Herrliches gestalten,
Nacht und Stürme werden Licht.
Äuß're Ruhe, inn're Wonne
herrschen für den Glücklichen.
Doch der Künste Frühlingssonne
läßt aus beiden Licht entstehn.
Großes, das ins Herz gedrungen,
blüht dann neu und schön empor.
Hat ein Geist sich aufgeschwungen,
hallt ihm stets ein Geisterchor.
Nehmt denn hin, ihr schönen Seelen,
froh die Gaben schöner Kunst
Wenn sich Lieb und Kraft vermählen,
lohnt den Menschen Göttergunst.
Graceful, charming and sweet is the sound
Of our life's harmonies,
and from a sense of beauty arise
Flowers which eternally bloom.
Peace and joy advance in perfect concord,
like the changing play of the waves.
All that was harsh and hostile,
has turned into sublime delight.
When music's enchantment reigns,
speaking of the sacred word,
Magnificence takes form,
The night and the tempest turns to light:
Outer peace and inner bliss
Reign o'er the fortunate ones.
All art in the spring's sun
Lets light flow from both.
Greatness, once it has pierced the heart,
Then blooms anew in all its beauty.
Once one's being has taken flight,
A choir of spirits resounds in response.
Accept then, you beautiful souls,
Joyously the gifts of high art.
When love and strength are united,
Divine grace is bestowed upon Man.
The piece ends with repetition of phrases from the last four lines.
As noted above, the words were written in haste, and Beethoven was perhaps not entirely pleased with them. He later wrote to his publisher Breitkopf & Härtel:
You may wish to print another text, as the text like the music was written very quickly ... Still with another set of words I want the word kraft ["strength"] to be kept or one similar to it in its place.
As Kalischer et al. observe, the word Kraft "is treated with grand style in the music."
A new German text was written by a German poet and Communist politician Johannes R. Becher in 1951, keeping the word Kraft in the same position. Becher's text, inspired by Beethoven's explicit permission to change the lyrics, is an ode to peace that reflects the post-war atmosphere. Becher's lyrics were used in several recordings especially in East Germany, for example those of Franz Konwitschny or Herbert Kegel.
Notes
References
Albrecht, Theodore et al. (1996) Letters to Beethoven and Other Correspondence: 1824–1828. University of Nebraska Press.
Broyles, Michael (1987) Beethoven: The Emergence and Evolution of Beethoven's Heroic Style. Taylor and Francis.
, John South Shedlock, and Arthur Eaglefield Hull (1972) Beethoven's Letters. Courier Dover Publications.
Kinderman, William (1995) Beethoven. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
(1990) Beethoven: Lieder und Gesänge, Band II. Munich: G. Henle.
External links
Program notes from the Los Angeles Philharmonic (Herbert Glass)
Compositions by Ludwig van Beethoven
Choral compositions
Compositions for piano, chorus and orchestra
1808 compositions
Beethoven
Compositions in C minor
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4009928
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh%20Parallel%20Computing%20Centre
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Edinburgh Parallel Computing Centre
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EPCC, formerly the Edinburgh Parallel Computing Centre, is a supercomputing centre based at the University of Edinburgh. Since its foundation in 1990, its stated mission has been to accelerate the effective exploitation of novel computing throughout industry, academia and commerce.
The University has supported high performance computing (HPC) services since 1982. , through EPCC, it supports the UK's national high-end computing system, ARCHER (Advanced Research Computing High End Resource), and the UK Research Data Facility (UK-RDF).
Overview
EPCC's activities include: consultation and software development for industry and academia; research into high-performance computing; hosting advanced computing facilities and supporting their users; training and education .
The Centre offers two Masters programmes: MSc in High-Performance Computing and MSc in High-Performance Computing with Data Science .
It is a member of the Globus Alliance and, through its involvement with the OGSA-DAI project, it works with the Open Grid Forum DAIS-WG.
Around half of EPCC's annual turnover comes from collaborative projects with industry and commerce. In addition to privately funded projects with businesses, EPCC receives funding from Scottish Enterprise, the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council and the European Commission.
History
EPCC was established in 1990, following on from the earlier Edinburgh Concurrent Supercomputer Project and chaired by Jeffery Collins from 1991. From 2002 to 2016 EPCC was part of the University's School of Physics & Astronomy, becoming an independent Centre of Excellence within the University's College of Science and Engineering in August 2016.
It was extensively involved in all aspects of Grid computing including: developing Grid middleware and architecture tools to facilitate the uptake of e-Science; developing business applications and collaborating in scientific applications and demonstration projects.
The Centre was a founder member of the UK's National e-Science Centre (NeSC), the hub of Grid and e-Science activity in the UK. EPCC and NeSC were both partners in OMII-UK, which offers consultancy and products to the UK e-Science community. EPCC was also a founder partner of the Numerical Algorithms and Intelligent Software Centre (NAIS).
EPCC has hosted a variety of supercomputers over the years, including several Meiko Computing Surfaces, a Thinking Machines CM-200 Connection Machine, and a number of Cray systems including a Cray T3D and T3E.
High-performance computing facilities
EPCC manages a collection of HPC systems including ARCHER (the UK's national high-end computing system) and a variety of smaller HPC systems. These systems are all available for industry use on a pay-per-use basis.
Current systems hosted by EPCC include:
ARCHER2: As of 2021, the ARCHER2 facility is based around a HPE Cray EX supercomputer that provides the central computational resource, with an estimated peaks performance of 28 Peta FLOPS. ARCHER 2 runs the HPE Cray Linux Environment, which is based on the SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15.
Blue Gene/Q: As of 2013, this system consists of 6144 compute nodes housed in 6 frames. Each node comprises a 16 core Powerpc64 A2 processor, with 16GB memory per node, giving a total of 98,304 cores and a peak performance of 1.26 PetaFlops. It is part of the Distributed Research utilising Advanced Computing (DiRAC) consortium.
Recent systems hosted by EPCC include:
ARCHER: From 2014 to 2020, the EPCC hosted the ARCHER facility. ARCHER was a Cray XC30 supercomputer. It is supported by a number of additional components including: high-performance parallel filesystems, pre- and post-processing facilities, external login nodes, and UK-RDF, a large, resilient, long-term data facility. ARCHER ran the Cray Linux Environment (CLE), a Linux distribution based on SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES). ARCHER was to be replaced in early 2020 but that was delayed by it being used for research on the COVID-19 pandemic. During May 2020 it was taken offline as a result of a security incident. The ARCHER service ended on 27th January 2021. During May 2020 it was taken offline as a result of a security incident.
HECToR: The 2010 system (Phase 2b, XT6) was the first production Cray XT6 24-core system in the world. It was contained in 20 cabinets and comprised a total of 464 compute blades. Each blade contained four compute nodes, each with two 12-core AMD Opteron 2.1 GHz Magny Cours processors. This amounted to a total of 44,544 cores. Each 12-core socket was coupled with a Cray SeaStar2 routing and communications chip. This was upgraded in late 2010 to the Cray Gemini interconnect. Each 12-core processor shared 16Gb of memory, giving a system total of 59.4 Tb. The theoretical peak performance of the phase 2b system was over 360 Tflops. HECToR was decommissioned in 2014.
HPCx: Launched in 2002, when it was ranked ninth-fastest system in the world. HPCx was an IBM eServer p5 575 cluster, located at Daresbury Laboratory. It latterly operated under the complementarity capability computing scheme, preferably hosting workload which can not easily be accommodated on the HECToR system. EPCC supported the HPCx and HECToR systems on behalf of the UK research councils, making them available to UK academics and industry.
Blue Gene : Launched in 2005, EPCC's Blue Gene/L was the first Blue Gene system available outside the United States. EPCC operated this 2048-compute core service for the University of Edinburgh.
QCDOC: One of the world's most powerful systems dedicated to the numerical investigation of quantum chromodynamics, which describes the interactions between quarks and gluons. It was developed in collaboration with a consortium of UK lattice physicists (UKQCD), Columbia University (NY), Riken Brookhaven National Laboratory and IBM.
Maxwell: Maxwell was an innovative, award-winning FPGA-based supercomputer built by the FPGA High Performance Computing Alliance (FHPCA). Maxwell comprised 32 blades housed in an IBM BladeCenter. Each blade comprised one Xeon processor and two FPGAs. The FPGAs were connected by a fast communication subsystem which enabled the total of 64 FPGAs to be connected together in an 8×8 toroidal mesh. The processors were connected together via a PCI bus.
See also
DEISA: Distributed European Infrastructure for Supercomputing Applications.
References
External links
EPCC
Projects at EPCC
Computational science
Computer science institutes in the United Kingdom
Information technology organisations based in the United Kingdom
Research institutes in Edinburgh
Supercomputer sites
University of Edinburgh
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4009941
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty%20Archdale
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Betty Archdale
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Helen Elizabeth Archdale (21 August 1907 – 1 January 2000) was an English-Australian sportswoman and educationalist. She was the inaugural Test captain of the England women's cricket team in 1934. A qualified barrister and Women's Royal Naval Service veteran, she moved to Australia in 1946 to become principal of The Women's College at the University of Sydney. She later served as headmistress of Abbotsleigh, a private girls' school in Sydney, and was an inaugural member of the Australian Council for the Arts.
Early life
Archdale was born in London, the daughter of Helen Archdale (née Russel), a suffragette who was at one time jailed for smashing windows at Whitehall, and was later renowned as a leading British feminist. Her father was an Irish professional soldier in the British Army, who died in World War I when Archdale was eleven. Her godmother was Emmeline Pankhurst. Archdale attended Bedales School in Hampshire where she learned to play cricket and, thence, to St Leonards School in St Andrews, Fife.
Cricket
Archdale played as a right-handed batter and appeared in five Test matches for England between 1934 and 1937. She was the first captain of England, leading the team on their first tour of Australia and New Zealand in 1934/35. She played domestic cricket for various regional teams, as well as Kent.
Career
After school, Archdale attended McGill University in Montreal, graduating in 1929 with a BA in economics and political science. She studied law in London. Specialising in international law, she conducted part of her studies in the Soviet Union. In 1938, she was called to the Bar at Gray's Inn.
During World War II, she served in the WRNS as a wireless operator in Singapore, arriving in July 1941 at the head of a group of forty Wrens trained in wireless telegraphy. She was awarded an Order of the British Empire for helping nurses escape from the conflict.
Having moved to Australia, in 1946 she was appointed principal of Sydney University's "Women's College", a post she held for 10 years. Archdale was a member of the University Senate for 25 years, and a television and radio personality throughout the 1960s.
Archdale was headmistress of the private girls school Abbotsleigh in Wahroonga, Sydney for 12 years from 1958. She was credited with breaking down the rigid system of discipline at the school, introducing sex education, and abandoning gloves and hats as part of the school uniform. She also reformed the curriculum, introducing physics and cutting back on British, in favour of Australian, history. The Assembly Hall (1963) and Chapel (1965) both date from that time. She lived on an estate in Galston, Sydney, with her brother Alexander Archdale, an actor.
In June 1968, Archdale was named as an inaugural member of the Australian Council for the Arts.
Honours and legacy
In 1997, she was listed as a National Living Treasure. In March 1999, Archdale was one of the first ten women to be granted Honorary Life Membership of Marylebone Cricket Club in England. She died on 1 January 2000 at the age of 92, in Sydney.
The Association of Heads of Independent Girls' Schools "Archdale Debating" competition, involving Sydney's private and Catholic girls' schools, is named in her honour.
References
Further reading
External links
1907 births
2000 deaths
Australian headmistresses
England women Test cricketers
Kent women cricketers
McGill University alumni
People educated at Bedales School
People educated at St Leonards School
Cricketers from Greater London
Members of Gray's Inn
British emigrants to Australia
English people of Irish descent
University of Sydney people
English people of Scottish descent
Australian people of Irish descent
Australian people of Scottish descent
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4009951
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derrimut%20%28Indigenous%20Australian%29
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Derrimut (Indigenous Australian)
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Derrimut (or Derremart or Terrimoot) ( – 20 April 1864), was a headman or arweet of the Boonwurrung (Bunurong) people from the Melbourne area of Australia.
He informed the early European settlers in October 1835 of an impending attack by "up-country tribes". The colonists armed themselves, and the attack was averted. Benbow from the Bunurong and Billibellary, from the Wurundjeri, also acted to protect the colonists in what is perceived as part of their duty of hospitality.
He fought in the late 1850s and early 1860s to protect Boonwurrung rights to live on their land at Mordialloc Reserve. When the reserve was closed in July 1863, his people were forced to unite with the remnants of Woiwurrung and other Victorian Aboriginal communities to settle Coranderrk Mission station, near Healesville.
Derrimut became very disillusioned and died at the Melbourne Benevolent Asylum at the age of about 54 years in 1864. In his honour, over his body, interred in the Melbourne General Cemetery according to European rather than Aboriginal rites, a tombstone was erected.
Text of the tombstone:
"This stone was erected by a few colonists
To commemorate the noble act of the native Chief Derrimut who by timely information given October 1835 to the first colonists
Messrs Fawkner, Lancey, Evans, Henry Batman and their saved them from massacre, planned by some of the up-country tribes of Aborigines.
Derrimut closed his mortal career in the Benevolent Asylum,
May 28th 1864 ; aged about 54 Years"
The Melbourne suburb of Derrimut is named after him.
References
Further reading
Lack, John. 1991, 'Traditional Koori Society/The Destruction of Koori Society' in A History of Footscray, Hargreen Publishing Company, North Melbourne, Victoria
Presland, Gary. 1994, The Land of the Kulin: Discovering the lost landscape and the first people of Port Phillip, McPhee Gribble, Penguin Books, Australia.
Presland, Gary. 1997, The First Residents of Melbourne's Western Region, Revised Edition, Harriland Press, Forest Hill, Victoria.
Priestley, Susan. 1988, Clans of the Kulin in Altona A Long View, Hargreen Publishing Company, North Melbourne, Victoria.
Walsh, Larry. 1996, STILL HERE: A brief history of Aborigines in Melbourne's western region up to the present day, Melbourne's Living Museum of the
1810s births
1864 deaths
Indigenous Australian people
Year of birth missing
People associated with massacres of Indigenous Australians
Burials at Melbourne General Cemetery
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4009956
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birthday%20%28disambiguation%29
|
Birthday (disambiguation)
|
A birthday is an annual celebration of the date on which a person was born.
Birthday(s), The Birthday, or B-day may also refer to:
Film and television
Birthday (1977 film), an Azerbaijani film
Birthday (2019 film), a South Korean film
Television episodes
"Birth Day" (The Handmaid's Tale)
"Birthday" (Angel)
"Birthday" (Care Bears)
"Birthday" (New Girl)
"The Birthday" (Dynasty 1984)
"The Birthday" (Dynasty 1987)
"The Birthday" (Joe 90)
"The Birthday" (The Vampire Diaries)
Literature
The Birthday (short story collection) , a 1999 collection of Japanese-language Ring-series stories by Koji Suzuki
"A Birthday", a 1995 science fiction short story by Esther Friesner
The Birth-day, an 1836 autobiographical poem by Caroline Bowles Southey
Music
The Birthday (band), a Japanese garage rock band
Albums
Birthday (The Association album), 1968
Birthday (ClariS album), 2012
Birthday (Gentouki album), 2016
Birthday (The Peddlers album), 1969
Birthday (The Crüxshadows EP) or the title song, 2007
Birthday, an EP by Infected Mushroom, 2002
Birthdays (album), by Keaton Henson, 2013
B'Day, by Beyoncé, 2006
B-Day, by Tankard, 2002
Birth Day, by New Birth, 1972
Songs
"Birthday" (Anne-Marie song), 2020
"Birthday" (Beatles song), 1968
"Birthday" (Disclosure, Kehlani and Syd song), 2020
"Birthday" (Jeon Somi song), 2019
"Birthday" (K. Michelle song), 2017
"Birthday" (Katy Perry song), 2014
"Birthday" (Namie Amuro song), 2014
"Birthday" (Selena Gomez song), 2013
"Birthday" (The Sugarcubes song), 1987
"Birthday" (Taproot song), 2005
"Birthday" (Will.i.am song), 2014
"Birthday", by Fetty Wap and Monty, 2019
"Birthday", by Blur from Leisure, 1991
"Birthday", by Meredith Brooks from Blurring the Edges, 1997
"Birthday", by Destiny's Child from Destiny's Child, 1998
"Birthday", by Flo Rida, 2007
"Birthday", by JP Cooper from Fifty Shades Darker: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack, 2017
"Birthday", by Junior Boys, 2003
"Birthday", by Migos from Culture III, 2021
"Birthday", by Peakboy from 05/27, 2018
"Birthday", by the Prom Kings, 2005
"Birthday", by Twista from Category F5, 2009
"Birthday", by Usher and Zaytoven from A, 2018
"Birthdays", by The Smith Street Band from More Scared of You Than You Are of Me, 2017
"Birth-day (Love Made Real)", by Suzanne Vega from Nine Objects of Desire, 1996
"Birthday Song", by Helen Reddy from No Way to Treat a Lady, 1975
"B-Day", by IKon from New Kids: Begin, 2017
"B-Day Song", by Madonna from the deluxe edition of MDNA, 2012
Other uses
Birthday (company), a Japanese video game developer
Birthdays (retailer), a defunct British greeting cards retailer
Birthday (patience), a solitaire card game
The Birthday, a 1915 painting by Marc Chagall
See also
Birthday Party (disambiguation)
Birthday Song (disambiguation)
Happy Birthday (disambiguation)
It's My Birthday (disambiguation)
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4009961
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loprazolam
|
Loprazolam
|
Loprazolam (triazulenone) marketed under many brand names is a benzodiazepine medication. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. It is licensed and marketed for the short-term treatment of moderately-severe insomnia.
It was patented in 1975 and came into medical use in 1983.
Medical uses
Insomnia can be described as a difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakening, early awakenings or a combination of each. Loprazolam is a short-acting benzodiazepine and is sometimes used in patients who have difficulty in maintaining sleep or have difficulty falling asleep. Hypnotics should only be used on a short-term basis or in those with chronic insomnia on an occasional basis.
Dose
The dose of loprazolam for insomnia is usually 1 mg but can be increased to 2 mg if necessary. In the elderly a lower dose is recommended due to more pronounced effects and a significant impairment of standing up to 11 hours after dosing of 1 mg of loprazolam. The half-life is much more prolonged in the elderly than in younger patients. A half-life of 19.8 hours has been reported in elderly patients.
Patients and prescribing physicians should, however, bear in mind that higher doses of loprazolam may impair long-term memory functions.
Side effects
Side effects of loprazolam are generally the same as for other benzodiazepines such as diazepam. The most significant difference in side effects of loprazolam and diazepam is it is less prone to day time sedation as the half-life of loprazolam is considered to be intermediate whereas diazepam has a very long half-life. The side effects of loprazolam are the following:
drowsiness
paradoxical increase in aggression
lightheadedness
confusion
muscle weakness
ataxia (particularly in the elderly)
amnesia
headache
vertigo
hypotension
salivation changes
gastro-intestinal disturbances
visual disturbances
dysarthria
tremor
changes in libido
incontinence
urinary retention
blood disorders and jaundice
skin reactions
dependence and withdrawal reactions
Residual 'hangover' effects after nighttime administration of loprazolam such as sleepiness, impaired psychomotor and cognitive functions may persist into the next day which may increase risks of falls and hip fractures.
Tolerance, dependence and withdrawal
Loprazolam, like all other benzodiazepines, is recommended only for the short-term management of insomnia in the UK, owing to the risk of serious adverse effects such as tolerance, dependence and withdrawal, as well as adverse effects on mood and cognition. Benzodiazepines can become less effective over time, and patients can develop increasing physical and psychological adverse effects, e.g., agoraphobia, gastrointestinal complaints, and peripheral nerve abnormalities such as burning and tingling sensations.
Loprazolam has a low risk of physical dependence and withdrawal if it is used for less than 4 weeks or very occasionally. However, one placebo-controlled study comparing 3 weeks of treatment for insomnia with either loprazolam or triazolam showed rebound anxiety and insomnia occurring 3 days after discontinuing loprazolam therapy, whereas with triazolam the rebound anxiety and insomnia was seen the next day. The differences between the two are likely due to the differing elimination half-lives of the two drugs. These results would suggest that loprazolam and possibly other benzodiazepines should be prescribed for 1–2 weeks rather than 2–4 weeks to reduce the risk of physical dependence, withdrawal, and rebound phenomenon.
Withdrawal symptoms
Slow reduction of the dosage over a period of months at a rate that the individual can tolerate greatly minimizes the severity of the withdrawal symptoms. Individuals who are benzodiazepine dependent often cross to an equivalent dose of diazepam to taper gradually, as diazepam has a longer half-life and small dose reductions can be achieved more easily.
anxiety and panic attacks
sweating
nightmares
insomnia
headache
tremor
nausea and vomiting
feelings of unreality
abnormal sensation of movement
hypersensitivity to stimuli
hyperventilation
flushing
sweating
palpitations
dimensional distortions of rooms and television pictures
paranoid thoughts and feelings of persecution
depersonalization
fears of going mad
heightened perception of taste, smell, sound, and light; photophobia
agoraphobia
clinical depression
poor memory and concentration
aggression
excitability
Somatic Symptoms
numbness
altered sensations of the skin
pain
stiffness
weakness in the neck, head, jaw, and limbs
muscle fasciculation, ranging from twitches to jerks, affecting the legs or shoulders
ataxia
paraesthesia
influenza-like symptoms
blurred double vision
menorrhagia
loss of or dramatic gain in appetite
thirst with polyuria
urinary incontinence
dysphagia
abdominal pain
diarrhoea
constipation
Major complications can occur after abrupt or rapid withdrawal, especially from high doses, producing symptoms such as:
psychosis
confusion
visual and auditory hallucinations
delusions
epileptic seizures (which may be fatal)
suicidal thoughts or actions
abnormal, often severe, drug seeking behavior
It has been estimated that between 30% and 50% of long-term users of benzodiazepines will experience withdrawal symptoms. However, up to 90% of patients withdrawing from benzodiazepines experienced withdrawal symptoms in one study, but the rate of taper was very fast at 25% of dose per week. Withdrawal symptoms tend to last between 3 weeks to 3 months, although 10–15% of people may experience a protracted benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome with symptoms persisting and gradually declining over a period of many months and occasionally several years.
Contraindications and special caution
Benzodiazepines require special precaution if used in the elderly, during pregnancy, in children, alcohol or drug-dependent individuals and individuals with comorbid psychiatric disorders. Loprazolam, similar to other benzodiazepines and nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic drugs causes impairments in body balance and standing steadiness in individuals who wake up at night or the next morning. Falls and hip fractures are frequently reported. The combination with alcohol increases these impairments. Partial, but incomplete tolerance develops to these impairments.
Mechanism of action
Loprazolam is a benzodiazepine, which acts via positively modulating the GABAA receptor complex via a binding to the benzodiazepine receptor which is situated on alpha subunit containing GABAA receptors. This action enhances the effect of the neurotransmitter GABA on the GABAA receptor complex by increasing the opening frequency of the chloride ion channel. This action allows more chloride ions to enter the neuron which in turn produces such effects as; muscle relaxation, anxiolytic, hypnotic, amnesic and anticonvulsant action. These properties can be used for therapeutic benefit in clinical practice. These properties are also sometimes used for recreational purposes in the form of drug abuse of benzodiazepines where high doses are used to achieve intoxication and or sedation.
Pharmacokinetics
After oral administration of loprazolam on an empty stomach, it takes 2 hours for serum concentration levels to peak, significantly longer than other benzodiazepine hypnotics. This delay brings into question the benefit of loprazolam for the treatment of insomnia when compared to other hypnotics (particularly when the major complaint is difficulty falling asleep instead of difficulty maintaining sleep for the entire night), although some studies show that loprazolam may induce sleep within half an hour, indicating rapid penetration into the brain. The peak plasma delay of loprazolam, therefore, may not be relevant to loprazolam's efficacy as a hypnotic. If taken after a meal it can take even longer for loprazolam plasma levels to peak and peak levels may be lower than normal. Loprazolam significantly alters electrical activity in the brain as measured by EEG, with these changes becoming more pronounced as the dose increases. Roughly half of each dose is metabolized in humans to produce an active metabolite, (a piperazine with lesser potency), the other half is excreted unchanged. The half-life of the active metabolite is about the same as the parent compound loprazolam.
See also
Benzodiazepine
List of benzodiazepines
Benzodiazepine dependence
Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome
Heather Ashton
Long-term effects of benzodiazepines
References
External links
Inchem.org - Loprazolam
Chloroarenes
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators
Imidazobenzodiazepines
Lactams
Nitro compounds
Piperazines
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4009972
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Todd%20Lichti
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Todd Lichti
|
Todd Samuel Lichti (born January 8, 1967) is an American former professional basketball player. At 6'4" (1.93 m) and 205 lb (93 kg) he played at guard. He was selected with 15th pick in the 1989 NBA draft by the Denver Nuggets where he stayed for 4 years. He also had short stints with Orlando Magic, Golden State Warriors, and Boston Celtics before moving to Australia to play for the Perth Wildcats.
Lichti was inducted into the College Basketball Hall of Fame in 2019.
College career
In four seasons with Stanford, Lichti averaged 18.8 points per game, 5.3 rebounds per game, and 2.5 assists per game, appearing in 124 games. At graduation, Lichti was Stanford's all-time leading scorer with 2,336 points, a record broken by Chasson Randle on March 31, 2015.
Professional career
NBA
Lichti started his professional career when he was drafted via the 15th overall pick by the Denver Nuggets in the 1989 NBA Draft. With the Nuggets, he performed well in his first season (8 points per game), and continued to improve in his second season (14 points per game), before knee injuries limited him to 29 of 82 contests. Various injuries (including being involved in a serious car accident, which killed his fiancée, Kirstin Gravrock of Bellevue, Washington) further kept him from playing at a competitive level. Lichti stayed on in Denver for two more seasons until August 19, 1993, when he was traded to the Orlando Magic for Brian Williams. He played a combined 13 games with three different teams before being waived by the Golden State Warriors in 1993-94, his final NBA season.
NBL
His last appearance was in the Australian National Basketball League with the Perth Wildcats. Lichti's recruitment was in part due to his association with native Perth player Andrew Vlahov, with whom he was teammates at Stanford.
Lichti played 82 games over four seasons for the Wildcats from 1996–99, and averaged impressive NBL career stats of 16.8 points, 5.4 rebounds, 2.7 assists and 1.6 steals per game.
References
External links
Todd Lichti: A career of broken dreams @ paloaltoonline.com, published March 11, 1994
1967 births
Living people
All-American college men's basketball players
American expatriate basketball people in Australia
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from California
Boston Celtics players
Denver Nuggets draft picks
Denver Nuggets players
Golden State Warriors players
Orlando Magic players
People from Concord, California
Perth Wildcats players
Shooting guards
Sportspeople from Walnut Creek, California
Stanford Cardinal men's basketball players
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4009976
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tone%20number
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Tone number
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Tone numbers are numerical digits used like letters to mark the tones of a language. The number is usually placed after a romanized syllable. Tone numbers are defined for a particular language, so they have little meaning between languages.
Other means of indicating tone in romanization include diacritics, tone letters, and orthographic changes to the consonants or vowels. For instance, in Mandarin, the syllable (which has a falling-rising tone) is represented in Wade-Giles romanization as ma3, with a tone number; in Hanyu Pinyin as mǎ, with a diacritic; and in Gwoyeu Romatzyh as maa, with a change in the vowel letter.
In Chinese
In the Chinese tradition, numbers, diacritics, and names are assigned to the historical four tones (level, rising, departing, and entering) of Chinese. These are consistent across all Chinese dialects, reflecting the development of tone diachronically. In the later stage of Middle Chinese, voiced consonants (such as b-, d-, g-, z-) began to merge into voiceless ones (p-, t-, k-, s-) and such voiceless-voiced consonant contrast was substituted by further high-low pitch contrast (yin, and yang). It is also common to number the tones of a particular dialect independently of the others. For example, Standard Chinese has four–five tones and the digits 1–5 or 0–4 are assigned to them; Cantonese has 6–9 tones, and the digits from 0 or 1 to 6 or 9 are assigned to them. In this case, Mandarin tone 4 has nothing to do with Cantonese tone 4, as can be seen by comparing the tone charts of Standard Chinese (Mandarin), Cantonese, and Taiwanese Hokkien.
Note: Tone sandhi rules and the unstressed syllable of Mandarin are not listed here for simplicity.
To enhance recognition and learning, color has also been associated with the tones. Although there are no formal standards, the de facto standard has been to use red (tone 1), orange (tone 2), green (tone 3), blue (tone 4) and black (tone 5). This color palette has been implemented in translation tools and online dictionaries.
Although such numbers are useless in comparative studies, they are convenient for in-dialect descriptions:
In Mandarin, the numeral "one", originally in tone 1, is pronounced in tone 4 if followed by a classifier in tone 1, 2, or 3. It is pronounced in tone 2 if the classifier has tone 4.
In Taiwanese tone sandhi, tone 1 is pronounced as tone 7 if followed by another syllable in a polysyllabic word.
Some romanization schemes, like Jyutping, use tone numbers. Even for Pinyin, tone numbers are used instead when diacritics are not available, as in basic ASCII text.
For the numbers of the traditional tone classes, which are consistent between dialects, see four tones in Middle Chinese.
See also
Chinese characters
Chinese language
Bopomofo
Tone letter
Tone name
Notes
Further reading
Phonology
Romanization
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4009982
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrian%20Sutil
|
Adrian Sutil
|
Adrian Sutil (; born 11 January 1983) is a German-Uruguayan racing driver who raced in Formula One for seven seasons: from 2007–2011, then 2013–2014. He drove for the Spyker F1 Team, Force India F1 Team and the Sauber F1 Team. He was also the reserve driver for the Williams F1 Team in .
Sutil started karting at the age of 14 and moved into single seater racing in 2002 in the Swiss Formula Ford series where he won the title. He moved up into Formula Masters Austria and started 1 race before stepping into Formula BMW ADAC in 2003. Sutil then raced in the Formula 3 Euroseries where he was the runner-up to Lewis Hamilton in 2005. He went to Japan in 2006 to race in the All-Japan Formula Three Championship and also finished 3rd in the Macau Grand Prix.
Having been involved in the Midland F1 test team, Sutil was promoted to a race seat for the new Spyker F1 team in 2007. Sutil continued to race with the team under their new guise Force India in 2008 where he remained until 2011. Having made his return to the sport in 2013 again with Force India, he competed in the 2014 season with the Sauber team.
Personal life
Born in Starnberg, West Germany, Sutil is the son of professional musicians Monika, a German, and Jorge, a Uruguayan. He has two brothers, named Daniel and Raphael. He weighs 75 kilograms (165 pounds) and is 183 centimeters (6 feet) tall. A talented pianist, Sutil speaks fluent German, English, and Spanish and a little Italian.
Shanghai nightclub incident and assault conviction
On the evening following the April 2011 , Sutil was involved in an incident with Genii Capital CEO and owner of the Lotus F1 team Eric Lux in a nightclub in Shanghai. Sutil struck Lux with a champagne glass, causing a wound in his neck which required 24 stitches. Sutil apologised for the incident, which he described as unintentional. Lux's lawyers filed a criminal complaint for physical assault and grievous bodily harm against Sutil. Force India owner Vijay Mallya refused to take action against Sutil until the case proceeded further, but on 16 December 2011 Force India announced they had opted not to renew Sutil's contract for 2012, and would field reserve driver Nico Hülkenberg alongside di Resta.
On 13 January 2012, German prosecutors announced that Sutil would stand trial over the incident, charged with assault occasioning grievous bodily harm. Sutil was convicted of the charge on 31 January 2012, and received an 18-month suspended prison sentence, along with a €200,000 fine that was to be donated to charities "of the court's choosing." Sutil initially had planned on appealing his conviction but eventually decided not to.
Lewis Hamilton, among Sutil's friends at the time, was also present in the nightclub that night. He was named as a defence witness by Sutil's side, but Hamilton did not appear in court because the trial coincided with the launch of his team's car. He stated he could attend a retrial, should one take place, as he would not be occupied on the scheduled day, but as a result, the friendship of the two drivers ended, with Sutil branding Hamilton a "coward."
Sutil remained without a seat throughout 2012.
Car collection
Adrian Sutil is a prolific car collector, owning a large collection of significant and expensive cars. He has the largest car collection of any Formula 1 driver past or present.
Sutil's car collection includes:
Koenigsegg One:1
Koenigsegg Regera
Pagani Zonda 760 Viola
Pagani Huayra BC
Ferrari Enzo
Ferrari LaFerrari Aperta
Ferrari Monza SP1
Bugatti Veyron 16.4 Centenaire (1 of 4)
Bugatti Veyron 16.4 Grand Sport "Soleil de Nuit"
Bugatti Veyron 16.4 Grand Sport Vitesse Rembrandt Edition (1 of 3)
Bugatti Veyron 16.4 Grand Sport Vitesse Black Bess (1 of 3)
Bugatti Veyron 16.4 Super Sport
Bugatti Chiron Sport 110 Ans
Bugatti Chiron Pur Sport "Green Rhapsody"
Mercedes Benz SLR McLaren Stirling Moss
McLaren Senna LM
McLaren Senna LM crash
On 30 July 2020, Sutil crashed his McLaren Senna LM into an electricity pylon at the side of the road in Monaco after losing control of the car. Sutil's Senna – one of 35 Senna LM made – was heavily damaged; with its front bumper, front panels and bonnet detached from its chassis, with the windscreen shattered. Sutil emerged from the wreckage unscathed.
Racing biography
Karting and Junior Formulae
Sutil started karting at 14 before moving up to Swiss Formula Ford 1800 in 2002. He won all ten rounds of the season from pole and added five wins in the Formula Masters Austria championship.
Formula BMW and Formula Three
When Sutil moved up to the Formula BMW ADAC championship in 2003 he finished in sixth place in the series, but with no wins. The following season he stepped up to the Formula 3 Euroseries with Colin Kolles' team. Although he scored only twice, the connection he made with Kolles would prove useful in the future. He moved to the ASM team at the final round of the year.
Sutil stayed with ASM for 2005 and was joined by British driver Lewis Hamilton. Hamilton won more races than Sutil, but the German was runner-up to Hamilton and the Briton's only serious competitor in the championship and at the Marlboro Masters of Formula Three at Zandvoort.
Sutil missed the last two rounds of the 2005 Euroseries after joining A1 Team Germany for the inaugural A1 Grand Prix series. He raced for them at three events in Portugal, Australia and Dubai, his best result being two twelfth places.
He spent 2006 racing in Japan and won the All-Japan Formula Three Championship. He showed a very strong performance all season. He also finished third in the Macau Formula Three Grand Prix and made a one-off appearance in Japanese Super GT.
Formula One
Midland (2006)
That year also saw Sutil enter Formula One. In January, he was confirmed as one of the three test drivers for the new Midland F1 Racing team, along with Markus Winkelhock and Giorgio Mondini. This came thanks to his connections with Colin Kolles, who was then running the team.
Sutil appeared for the team as the third driver at the European, French and Japanese Grands Prix. By the time of his third appearance, the outfit had been bought by Spyker Cars. At the end of the year, he was promoted to second driver for the 2007 season, having been signed on a multi-year contract by the Spyker MF1 Team. In an interview with the Official Formula One website, Sutil's first 2007 teammate, Christijan Albers, commented that "Adrian is a good driver and he will be quick this year, but as a driver you should always be pushing to the limits without thinking what the guy in the car next to you is doing. But Adrian will be a good team-mate and it looks as though he's going to be a big talent [for the future]".
Spyker (2007)
During 2007, Sutil out-qualified and out-raced his team-mate Albers at all Grands Prix before the Dutchman was replaced by Sutil's countryman Markus Winkelhock, test driver for the team up until that time at the European Grand Prix. Sutil out-qualified Winkelhock, although the latter went on to lead the race and restart after a sudden downpour. Winkelhock resumed his third driver role for the following grand prix at Hungary when Japanese driver Sakon Yamamoto took over the second team seat. Sutil out-performed Yamamoto in the race, passing Honda drivers Rubens Barrichello and Jenson Button.
In the Hungarian Grand Prix, Sutil was the first Spyker driver in 2007 to beat another running classified finisher, Honda's Rubens Barrichello.
For the Turkish Grand Prix, a B-spec car was expected for the Spyker team, but it failed a rear crash test and Sutil continued to use the older spec car. After fuel pressure problems, he was forced to start the race from the pits and finished five laps behind. At Monza, despite the introduction of the B-spec Spyker F8-VII and due to the nature of the circuit, the Spykers were largely uncompetitive once again and Sutil finished 19th, again only in front of his team-mate.
At the Belgian Grand Prix, the strengths of the B-spec car were fully evident with both Sutil and Yamamoto setting competitive times through the three practice sessions culminating in Sutil qualifying only half a second behind 16th placed man Vitantonio Liuzzi. During the race, Sutil passed the Toyota of Jarno Trulli, Hondas of Rubens Barrichello and Jenson Button as well as the Red Bull's David Coulthard, Toro Rosso's Vitantonio Liuzzi and Williams driver Alexander Wurz. He ran as high as 12th before finishing 14th. He was highly praised for his efforts by both team and media.
Two weeks later in the rain at Fuji Speedway, Japan, it seemed Sutil had narrowly missed an opportunity to score Spyker's first ever point, briefly holding 8th position on the penultimate lap of the high-attrition race after Nick Heidfeld retired his BMW, but was almost immediately passed by fellow backmarker Vitantonio Liuzzi in the Toro Rosso and finished 9th. After the race it was found that Liuzzi had overtaken Sutil under yellow flags, and the 25-second penalty for the Italian promoted Sutil to the final points position. Toro Rosso appealed the decision, but the penalty was upheld.
Spyker were not competitive in the final two races of the year, neither of which Sutil finished. He has been praised by many for his performances in the 2007 Formula One Championship. Despite driving the most uncompetitive car of the year, the German rookie impressed by not only dominating all of his teammates in both qualifying and race conditions, but also by challenging other drivers with superior equipment.
Force India (2008–2011, 2013)
2008
Sutil continued with the team in 2008 under its new identity as Force India, after briefly entertaining the possibility of a drive with McLaren or Williams. The first two races of the season ended with mechanical failures
While running in a very strong fourth position in Monaco with six laps remaining, he was hit in the rear by fifth placed Kimi Räikkönen who lost control of his car while braking for the harbour chicane. A crash a few laps earlier had resulted in the safety car being deployed, with Sutil losing his considerable lead over the Finnish driver. Sutil's car suffered damage to the rear diffuser, and he was forced to retire. Mike Gascoyne called for Räikkönen to be punished over the incident. No punishment, however, was given. However, Sutil had overtaken three cars under yellow flags and according to steward Paul Gutjahr, should he have reached the chequered flag, he would have been given a 25-second penalty which would have dropped him out of the point-scoring positions.
On 17 October Force India announced they would keep Sutil for the 2009 season.
2009
Sutil and the Force India team started the year with a real optimism of points scoring finishes when the European part of the season started after the first four races. BBC commentator Martin Brundle expressed his personal view that:
In Australia, after starting from 16th on the grid, Sutil progressed steadily through the field to finish just outside the points in 9th place. In Malaysia, he qualified 19th and finished 15th when the race was stopped on lap 33 due to torrential rain.
In China, Sutil was running in 6th place with 6 laps remaining when he lost control of his Force India – due to aquaplaning – resulting in him crashing and forcing him to retire.
In Bahrain, Sutil was penalised for blocking Mark Webber during the first qualifying session. He personally walked into Mark's room to apologise for the incident.
In Spain, after running wide at the first corner of the first lap Sutil rejoined the track only to hit the Toyota of Jarno Trulli. The Italian had also run wide and was rejoining the track. This forced both drivers to retire and caused the two Toro Rossos of Sébastien Bourdais and Sébastien Buemi to crash into each other.
In Monaco, Sutil finished 14th and finished 17th in Turkey, after qualifying a career-best of 15th.
In qualifying in Britain, Sutil went off at Abbey corner after brake failure in Q1. Qualifying was red flagged and as a result no one else could post a lap time. This meant that Sutil was to start from 18th on the grid, although the team had hoped that both Sutil and Giancarlo Fisichella would get into Q2. Due to the damage caused by the accident he had to start from the pit lane because he needed to use a new car and a new engine, and went on to finish 17th in an uneventful race.
In Germany, Sutil took advantage of the unpredictable conditions in qualifying, and secured his best-ever qualifying position of seventh. In the race, he was lying in second place for a while before his first pit stop. However, a collision with Kimi Räikkönen after coming out of the pit lane meant he had to pit again to replace his front wing. He finished 15th. It was the second time that a collision with Räikkönen cost Sutil the chance to score points, after the previous incident at the 2008 Monaco Grand Prix.
In Hungary, he was forced to retire after just two laps because a water temperature problem caused the engine to overheat, after qualifying 17th.
In Valencia, new aerodynamic upgrades for the VJM02 saw him qualify 12th, and he then raced steadily to finish 10th, demonstrating that the team were at last showing signs of competitiveness, as teammate Fisichella finished 12th behind Heidfeld's BMW Sauber.
In Belgium, he qualified 11th, although the main celebrations in the Force India pit were for teammate Giancarlo Fisichella's excellent pole position. Sutil finished 11th, while Fisichella finished less than a second behind Kimi Räikkönen's race-winning Ferrari.
At the , Sutil took his career best qualifying result of second place and finished fourth in the race behind Räikkönen, despite accidentally overshooting his mechanics during his final pit stop, but they suffered only minor injuries. He also recorded the fastest lap of the race, his first in Formula One and the first fastest lap recorded for Force India. This finish would be the best of his F1 career.
In Singapore, Sutil was forced to retire after he collided with Nick Heidfeld of BMW Sauber, moving into his path as he recovered from a spin. After the race, Sutil was reprimanded by race stewards and fined $20,000 for causing an avoidable accident.
In Japan, Sutil took his second best career qualifying result of fourth, but was given a 5 grid place penalty along with Jenson Button, Rubens Barrichello and Fernando Alonso for not slowing down while yellow flags were waved (due to a crash by Sebastien Buemi, who was also demoted five places for attempting to drive his badly damaged Toro Rosso back to the pits) and started the race from eighth on the grid. Sutil finished 13th.
In the wet qualifying session in Brazil, Sutil qualified third, but retired on lap one following a collision with the Toyota of Jarno Trulli. Out of control on the wet grass outside Turn 5, Trulli hit Sutil, and then slid back onto the track and struck Alonso's Renault, resulting in all three being out of the race. Trulli blamed Sutil for pushing him outside the track at the fifth corner and thus causing the accident, and furiously berated the German at the side of the track in full-view of worldwide TV cameras. This time the stewards took no action against Sutil for the accident, while Trulli was fined $10,000 for his unacceptable behaviour. The matter was not resolved however, as Sutil and Trulli still argued about the accident two weeks later at the driver's press conference for the .
In Abu Dhabi, Sutil was unusually off the pace, qualifying only 18th on the grid. Although he overtook several cars during the race, a poor pit strategy resulted in Sutil finishing the race at the back of the field, scrapping with Fisichella (who had joined Ferrari) and Renault's Romain Grosjean. The German eventually finished 17th, 1 lap down but ahead of the Frenchman.
2010
Sutil was in talks with Force India to renew his contract, and on 27 November 2009, the team announced that the German's contract had been renewed, while test-driver Vitantonio Liuzzi was given a full-time race seat. Sutil qualified tenth for the first two races of the year, but a collision with Robert Kubica in Bahrain and a mechanical failure in Australia meant he was unable to score points in either race. However, Sutil commented that the performances proved that the team could now score points in dry races. This comment was backed up by Sutil's fifth-place finish in the following race in Malaysia. In China he finished 11th. In Spain he finished 7th and in Monaco he finished 8th. Sutil again finished in the points in Turkey with a 9th place. He followed this result with points scoring finishes in the next three rounds in Canada, Europe and Britain.
2011
Sutil remained with Force India for , and was joined by DTM champion Paul di Resta. In the first three races of the season, Sutil was out-qualified by di Resta. Sutil finished ninth in the , at the expense of the Sauber cars being disqualified from the race, having finished eleventh on the road. In Malaysia, Sutil finished eleventh, just behind di Resta, and in China, he qualified eleventh. In Monaco, he had his best result of the season, finishing seventh. He retired in Canada after hitting a wall, which resulted in damage to his car's suspension. A ninth-place finish in Valencia was followed by eleventh at the , missing out on the final points-scoring position, held by Jaime Alguersuari, by just 0.6 seconds. At his home race, Sutil took a season best finish of sixth place, after implementing a different strategy to some of the drivers around him on the grid, making just two pit stops to the three made by his rivals.
Despite qualifying in the top ten in Hungary, Sutil could only finish 14th, before another points-scoring finish – finishing seventh, after starting 15th on the grid after an accident in qualifying – at the . He retired at Monza after his car suffered a hydraulics problem, before an eighth-place finish in Singapore, holding off a late-race challenge from Felipe Massa. In Japan, Sutil ran inside the top ten placings for much of the race, but finished the race just outside the points in eleventh place, having been passed by Vitaly Petrov and Nico Rosberg in the closing stages of the race. Another eleventh place followed in Korea, before a ninth-place finish in the inaugural race in India. At the final race in Brazil, Sutil matched his best finish of the season with sixth place, and as a result, moved into ninth place in the final championship standings. As a result of his assault convictions (see above), Sutil was released at the end of the 2011 season and replaced with Nico Hülkenberg.
2013
On 28 February 2013, Force India announced that Sutil would return to the team to complete their driver lineup alongside Paul di Resta. He finished seventh at the season-opening , impressing on his comeback by leading for a number of laps throughout the race.
In Malaysia, he retired from the race following problems with a new captive wheel nut system that the team had introduced at the beginning of the season.
He also retired from the , after being hit by Esteban Gutiérrez. After two non-points finishes he showed a respectable performance at the Monaco Grand Prix by overtaking the world champions Fernando Alonso and Jenson Button to finally end up in 5th position.
Sauber (2014)
It was announced on 13 December 2013 that Sutil would join Sauber for 2014. For the first six races of the 2014 season Sutil struggled with a car which lacked pace and he also made a number of mistakes which lost him possible points finishes.
In November 2014, it was announced he would be dropped and replaced for the 2015 Formula One season.
Williams (2015)
Sutil joined Williams as a reserve driver prior to the 2015 Malaysian Grand Prix. Sutil was appointed after Williams driver Valtteri Bottas was injured during the , with the team wanting an experienced race driver to deputise for either Bottas or Felipe Massa to maximise their constructors championship points, should either race driver be unable to participate.
Racing record
Career summary
Complete Formula Three Euroseries results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Complete A1 Grand Prix results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Complete All-Japan Formula Three results
(key)
Complete Formula One results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Driver failed to finish the race, but was classified as they had completed >90% of the race distance.
References
External links
F1Fanatic.co.uk – Who's Who: Adrian Sutil
1983 births
Living people
People from Starnberg
Sportspeople from Upper Bavaria
German people of Uruguayan descent
German expatriate sportspeople in Japan
German expatriates in Switzerland
Racing drivers from Bavaria
German racing drivers
German Formula One drivers
Spyker Formula One drivers
Force India Formula One drivers
Sauber Formula One drivers
Formula BMW ADAC drivers
Formula 3 Euro Series drivers
Japanese Formula 3 Championship drivers
Super GT drivers
A1 Team Germany drivers
Kolles Racing drivers
ART Grand Prix drivers
TOM'S drivers
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4009986
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moses%20Harvey
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Moses Harvey
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Moses Harvey (March 21, 1820 – September 3, 1901) was an Irish-born Newfoundland clergyman, essayist and naturalist. He was born in Armagh, Ireland, and died in St. John's, Newfoundland.
Harvey was of Scottish descent and was educated at the Royal Academical Institute at Belfast. He became an ordained minister in the Presbyterian ministry in 1844. Harvey served at the John Street Presbyterian Church, Maryport, Cumberland, England, until he emigrated to St. John's in 1852 with his bride Sarah Anne Browne. He served at St. Andrews Free Presbyterian Church in St. John's. He wrote over 900 articles for the Montreal Gazette over a 24-year period, some under the pen name Delta. Harvey is the co-founder of the Evening Mercury newspaper.
Harvey studied many aspects of Newfoundland's natural history, most notably the habits of the giant squid. One species, Architeuthis harveyi, was named in recognition of his work. It was largely through his efforts that the giant squid became known to British and American zoologists.
Harvey's interests in Newfoundland were varied: he had called for the creation of a cross-island railroad, he was president of the St. John's Athenaeum Society, he pressed for the development of mining in Newfoundland and he also catalogued the rocks, birds and wild flowers of the island. In 1885 he published the book Text Book of Newfoundland History. His best-known and most prominent book was Newfoundland, The Oldest British Colony, which he co-authored with Joseph Hatton and published in 1883. In 1886, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society and of the Royal Society of Canada in 1891. Harvey was awarded the honorary degree of LL.D. from McGill University in 1891.
Harvey served as Secretary to the Newfoundland Fisheries Commission and wrote and lectured a remarkable document entitled The Artificial Propagation of Marine Food Fishes and Edible Crustaceans, which was published in the Royal Society's transactions for 1892–1893 (volume 9).
He died in 1901.
See also
List of people of Newfoundland and Labrador
References
External links
ITIS Report on Taxonomic Serial No.: 82393
1820 births
1901 deaths
Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada
Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society
Canadian Presbyterian ministers
People from St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
Irish emigrants to pre-Confederation Newfoundland
People from Armagh (city)
Canadian people of Ulster-Scottish descent
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4009992
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland%20Youth%20Philharmonic
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Portland Youth Philharmonic
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The Portland Youth Philharmonic (PYP) is the oldest youth orchestra in the United States, established in 1924 as the Portland Junior Symphony (PJS). Now based in Portland, Oregon, the orchestra's origin dates back to 1910, when music teacher Mary V. Dodge began playing music for local children in Burns, Oregon. Dodge purchased instruments for the children and organized the orchestra, which would become known as the Sagebrush Symphony Orchestra. After touring the state, including a performance at the Oregon State Fair in Salem, the orchestra disbanded in 1918 when Dodge moved to Portland. There, Dodge opened a violin school and became music director of the Irvington School Orchestra.
Hoping to create a permanent youth symphony, Dodge approached Jacques Gershkovitch in 1924 to serve as music director of the Portland Junior Symphony. The ensemble performed for the first time in 1925, and by the 1930s, PJS concerts were being broadcast nationally. Following Gershkovitch's death in 1953, alumnus Jacob Avshalomov became the orchestra's music director. The ensemble's name was changed to the Portland Youth Philharmonic in 1978.
The PYP has had five conductors and music directors during its history: Gershkovitch (1924–1953), Avshalomov (1954–1995), Huw Edwards (1995–2002), Mei-Ann Chen (2002–2007), and professional clarinetist David Hattner (2008–present). The PYP's umbrella organization, the Portland Youth Philharmonic Association, consists of four ensembles, including the Philharmonic Orchestra, the Conservatory Orchestra, the Wind Ensemble, and the Young String Ensemble. Participating musicians range in age from seven to twenty-two years and attend dozens of schools within the Portland metropolitan area and surrounding communities.
History
Mary V. Dodge and the Sagebrush Symphony Orchestra
Mary V. Dodge (birth name Mary B. Thompson) was born in Arkansas in 1876. When she was five years old, her father died, causing her and her sisters to be placed in an orphanage while their mother finished nursing school. Mary Thompson became interested in music while attending a Catholic boarding school, and later became a musician and teacher in Boston and New York City. After moving to Portland, Oregon, where her aunt owned a boarding house, she met and married civil engineer and double bass player Mott Dodge. Soon after they married, Mott was transferred to Harney County for a work project.
In 1910, they settled in Burns in an engineering camp known as the "Boston tents". Mary and Mott had one child, Glen, who learned from his mother how to play the fiddle starting at a young age. A classically trained violinist with a "love of children and ... a deeply democratic view about making music", Dodge began teaching local children how to play string instruments, first in resident tents then in a photography studio. With assistance from parents and a professional flautist from Italy, who taught the children how to play wind instruments and conducted, Dodge assembled a small orchestra. According to former violin student Ruth Saunders, "All of the sighing, tooting and drumming soon made the citizens aware that something was going on, and due to her powers of persuasion, they found themselves devoting their time, talents, money and children to the creation of the Sagebrush Orchestra."
The orchestra's first concert was held in 1912 at Tonawama Hall in Burns. With funds provided by rancher Bill Hanley, lawyer and artist Charles Erskine Scott Wood, and additional Burns businessmen, Dodge purchased musical instruments for the children and expanded the orchestra to between thirty and thirty-five members. By 1915, the orchestra was touring throughout eastern Oregon on a Chautauqua circuit. With $2,000 in funds raised by the aforementioned businessmen, the ensemble visited western Oregon in September 1916 and performed seven concerts in a two-day period. By that point known as the Sagebrush Symphony Orchestra, the ensemble won $100 at the Oregon State Fair in Salem and performed several concerts in Portland, including one at the Imperial Hotel and one for opera singer Ernestine Schumann-Heink at the Portland Hotel. During the symphony's week-long tour, one Oregonian reporter wrote: "The journey of the little people is considered one of the finest exhibitions of community spirit ever shown in this state." Schumann-Heink planned to support the orchestra's efforts to tour, and promised to host a benefit concert the following year. However, the nation's involvement in World War I interrupted plans for additional tours. The orchestra disbanded in 1918 when Dodge relocated to Portland.
Establishment of the Portland Junior Symphony
Mary Dodge initially returned to Portland with her husband when he was transferred there for work, but when his job fell through, the couple separated and Mary remained in Portland. Now a single woman, Dodge changed her name to Mary V. Dodge, with the "V" standing for "violin". She opened a violin school and became music director of the Irvington Grade School orchestra. With the hope of creating a permanent youth symphony, Dodge began hosting rehearsals in her attic. However, due to gender inequality in the United States at the time, Dodge knew that a professional male conductor would need to lead the orchestra.
Dodge approached Jacques Gershkovitch, a Russian immigrant in Portland who was guest conductor for the Portland Symphony (which would later become the Oregon Symphony), after seeing him conduct. Though Gershkovitch first explained that he did not teach children, Dodge insisted that he listen to the youth ensemble she had assembled. One orchestra member recalled: "I well remember the excitement of that night when Gershkovitch climbed the stairs to Mary Dodge's attic, where we had assembled to play for him. He listened as we played our hearts out. He applauded us and said that if we got the missing instruments, he would take us on." In an attempt to hand over the baton to Gershkovitch, he simply said to Dodge, "I take." Initially, Dodge remained as associate director of the orchestra; she also assisted with sectional rehearsals, appointed a board of directors, and renamed the ensemble to the Portland Junior Symphony Orchestra in 1924. The original board of directors established the mission of the orchestra: "to encourage appreciation and rendition of orchestral music by young people, to give public symphonic and popular concerts, to discover and develop latent talent among the children of Portland". Six years later, the orchestra was financially sound, and Dodge resigned to focus on teaching. She also became increasingly dedicated to a scientific approach to bowing. Dodge died in 1954.
Jacques Gershkovitch (1924–1953)
Born in 1884 to a Jewish family in Irkutsk, Russia, Gershkovitch grew up listening to chamber music and was sent to Saint Petersburg in his late teens to study at the Imperial Conservatory. Gershkovitch arrived with "17 rubles in his pocket and his flute under his arm"; he auditioned and was awarded a scholarship. At the Conservatory, he learned from respected Russian composers such as Alexander Glazunov, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov and Nikolai Tcherepnin, and completed coursework in opera and ballet production. In 1913, he graduated with honors in flute and conducting, and was awarded the Schubert Scholarship for a year of study under German conductor Arthur Nikisch in Berlin. However, World War I forced Gershkovitch to return to Irkutsk and enlist in the military. Gershkovitch began his conducting career as head of the Imperial Russian Army's military symphony orchestra, a position he held through the 1917 revolution. In 1918, Gershkovitch married in Irkutsk and established a successful fine arts conservatory and symphony orchestra, which continued under the Bolshevik regime. Gershkovitch and his wife left Russia in 1921 for China, where they befriended composer Aaron Avshalomov. Ballerina Anna Pavlova offered Gershkovitch an assistant conductor position with her orchestra, which was touring throughout the Orient. Gershkovitch settled in Tokyo to lead the newly organized Tokyo Symphony Orchestra until the Great Kantō earthquake of 1923 "disorganized all the business and musical interests of the city". The couple fled Japan and arrived in San Francisco in November 1923. They eventually made their way to Portland in 1924; it was here that Gershkovitch was approached by Dodge to lead the Portland Junior Symphony. Gershkovitch taught flute and conducted the Ellison-White Conservatory's student orchestra, at the time directed by Jacob Avshalomov, until his new PJS duties required his full attention.
The symphony performed for the first time on February 14, 1925, at Portland's Lincoln High School Auditorium (which later became Portland State University's Lincoln Hall), performing Schubert's Unfinished Symphony. At the ensemble's first rehearsal, Gershkovitch introduced the composition and said, "You play, or I keel you", in his heavy Russian accent. Concert attendees reportedly rushed the stage after the debut concert to congratulate the musicians, Gershkovitch and Dodge, who was present and was called to the stage. One reviewer for the Oregon Sunday Journal wrote the following day that the "audience that almost filled the auditorium to capacity broke into storm upon storm of applause". According to Ronald Russell, author of A New West to Explore (1938), the audience "had experienced a new emotional thrill, and forthwith became strong advocates and supporters of the junior symphony cause."
In spring 1925, the orchestra gained national attention by performing at the convention of the National Federation of Music Clubs in Portland. The Sunday Oregonian reported that convention attendees were "so deeply impressed that they declared it unhesitatingly the most wonderful organization of its kind in the entire country". The symphony's second season premiered to a capacity audience on November 25, 1925, with the 75-member ensemble performing Mozart's Symphony No. 40 in its entirety along with "In the Village" from Ippolitov-Ivanov's Caucasian Sketches, the waltz from Rebikov's The Christmas Tree and the march from Wagner's opera Tannhäuser.
Early in the organization's history, the Portland Junior Symphony consisted of a full symphony orchestra, a choir, and a ballet unit. According to Wither Youth (1935), approximately 350 young artists participated in these groups each season (about 100 in the orchestra, 150 in the chorus, and 100 in the ballet). Membership was granted on "merit, ability, seriousness and interest", and there were no tuition fees for participation (this has since changed). Orchestra members were also encouraged to take private lessons. The minimum schedule for participants included two rehearsals during each week of the eight-month season, along with dress rehearsals prior to performances. Three or four concerts were presented each season, many at Portland Public Auditorium (now known as Keller Auditorium). The organization was sustained financially through concert admission and donations—instruments, funds towards scholarships and the general endowment, and music for the association's library were also accepted to ensure the symphony's continued viability.
Gershkovitch, known for his discipline and high performance standards, conducted the orchestra for 29 years, gaining national attention for the ensemble and pioneering the youth orchestra movement. By the 1930s, PJS concerts were broadcast nationally on the CBS Radio Network. In 1956 and 1958, both NBC and CBS transmitted broadcasts of the orchestra's programs across the United States, and three transcribed programs were broadcast overseas by Voice of America. Gershkovitch was also responsible for adding a Preparatory Orchestra (later renamed the Conservatory Orchestra) due to increased membership. Gershkovitch tried to incorporate at least one American composition in each concert. He had a distinctive personality and way with words, using expressions (recollected in one former student's diary) such as "More nicely, can't you more?" and "Debussy is beauty, French beauty". For 25 years, David Campbell served as Master of Ceremonies for the Children's Concerts, since Gershkovitch "never gained a command of English sufficient enough for public use". Gershkovitch's often-quoted philosophy was that he did "not teach music", but rather he taught "young people through music". Though there were times when he also wished to conduct professional ensembles, Gershkovitch's primary concern was educating the youth. Apart from music education, Gershkovitch stressed the importance of proper conduct, manners, and "values in life and art" as ways to build character. Following Gershkovitch's death in 1953, guest conductors led the orchestra for its 30th season—one conductor was Jacob Avshalomov, a Columbia University teacher and PJS alumnus who had studied under Gershkovitch while a student at Reed College from 1939 to 1941.
Jacob Avshalomov (1954–1995)
Jacob Avshalomov was born on March 28, 1919, in Tsingtao, China. His father was Aaron Avshalomov, the Siberian-born composer known for "oriental musical materials cast in western forms and media", and mother was from San Francisco. Jacob received musical instruction from his father at a young age. At age eight, Avshalomov visited Portland from China with his parents, who were guests of Gershkovitch for several months in 1927. Aaron Avshalomov had become friends with Gershkovitch in the Orient (when Gershkovitch and his wife met Aaron, Jacob was three years old). However, because they did not hold permanent visas, the family returned to China. Jacob graduated from British and American schools before age fifteen, then worked as a factory supervisor in Tientsin, Shanghai and Beijing over a span of four years. Avshalomov was also active in sports and won the diving championship of North China. In 1937, Avshalomov assisted his father in Shanghai with ballet production and worked on scores. He then enlisted with a British volunteer corps after Japan's invasion of China during the Second Sino-Japanese War, and eventually returned to the United States with his mother in December 1937. Avshalomov spent a year in Los Angeles, followed by two years in Portland, Oregon, and two more years at the Eastman School of Music. During World War II, he lived in London, where he conducted a performance of Johann Sebastian Bach's St John Passion.
Avshalomov became the Portland Junior Symphony second orchestra conductor in 1954. During his forty-year tenure, Avshalomov produced several recordings, several of which included pieces commissioned by the orchestra, making PJS the first known recording orchestra in the Pacific Northwest. He led the ensemble on its first international tour in 1970. The orchestra became known as the Portland Youth Philharmonic in 1978. 1984 marked the orchestra's sixtieth anniversary as well as Avshalomov's thirtieth year as conductor. Avshalomov retired in 1995 after an estimated 640 concerts and 10,000 auditions.
Huw Edwards (1995–2002)
Huw Edwards, born in South Wales, moved with his parents to England and sang in choirs as a child. He witnessed his first opera, Giuseppe Verdi's Un ballo in maschera, at eleven years old when his parents took him to the Royal Opera House in Covent Garden. Just seven years later, he was on that same podium conducting W. S. Gilbert and Arthur Sullivan's operetta H.M.S. Pinafore. Edwards has been conducting since age seventeen, when he became music director of the Maidstone Opera Company in England, a position he held for six years. Edwards attended the University of Surrey, where he conducted the college orchestra, along with an ensemble that he formed on his own. At 23 years old, he won a conducting competition which sent him to the University of Surrey in England and Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas. Edwards moved to the Pacific Northwest after he held a lecturer position at Northwestern University in Chicago, where he was also a doctoral candidate.
Edwards become music director of the Portland Youth Philharmonic in 1995. In 1997, he was honored by the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) for his programming. Edwards also made five recordings during his tenure and led the orchestra on two international tours: Canada in 1998, and Australia/New Zealand in 2000. PYP represented the United States at the Banff International Festival of Youth Orchestras in 1998. Edwards established a peer mentoring program that partnered orchestra musicians with low-income students who had little access to music education. From 1998 to 2005, he was a faculty member at the Marrowstone Music Festival. During the same period, Edwards left PYP in 2002 for a position with the Seattle Youth Symphony Orchestra, which he also held until 2005. Edwards was appointed music director of the Olympia Symphony Orchestra in 2003.
Mei-Ann Chen (2002–2007)
Native to Taiwan, Mei-Ann Chen wanted to be a conductor from the age of ten. She began playing violin and piano starting at a young age and collected batons, believing that "different pieces needed different kinds of batons". In 1989, Chen attended a concert in Taipei by the American Youth Orchestra, a touring ensemble of Boston's New England Conservatory. The day following the concert, Chen played for conductor Benjamin Zander in a closed basement hotel bar and was offered a scholarship immediately. She performed with the American Youth Orchestra for two months before being invited to attend the Walnut Hill School, a preparatory school linked to the New England Conservatory, at age sixteen. For more than three years, Chen lived with a couple in Boston she referred to as her "American parents" (Mark Churchill and Marylou Speaker Churchill; the latter was once a member of the Portland Junior Symphony). Chen continued her undergraduate and graduate work at the Conservatory and became the first person to graduate from the institution with a double master's degree in conducting and violin performance. Chen remained in Boston for nine years, then enrolled at the University of Michigan to obtain a Doctor of Musical Arts degree in conducting.
Chen became PYP's fourth conductor in 2002 after being selected by a committee of "musically inclined" parents, a member of the orchestra, and representatives from the Oregon Symphony and Portland Opera. She conducted both the Philharmonic ensemble as well as the Conservatory Orchestra. During her five-year tenure with the organization, PYP debuted at Carnegie Hall, received its third ASCAP award in 2004 for innovating programming, and began collaborating with the Oregon Symphony (Chen was the ensemble's assistant conductor from 2003 to 2005) and Chamber Music Northwest. In April 2005, Chen became the first woman to win the Malko Competition, the "world's most prestigious prize" for young conductors. She also won the Taki Concordia Fellowship in 2007, an award established by Baltimore Symphony Orchestra music director Marin Alsop to support "promising" female conductors. Chen was presented the Sunburst Award by Young Audiences for her contribution to music education and was named "Educator of the Week" by KKCW.
While conductor of the Philharmonic, Chen set up a box in her office so that students could leave notes for her. One musician in the orchestra felt that Chen was "kind of formal" during rehearsal but felt "like a big sister" once practice ended. Chen has been described as a "firecracker: small, bright and full of ka-boom", and her enthusiasm at times caused her to lose her breath. One board member of the organization praised Chen's attitude and felt that her lack of ego was a "rare quality in top symphony performers".
Chen turned down a position with the Oregon Symphony to continue work at PYP. In 2007, she accompanied the orchestra on an international tour to Asia, where her parents saw her conduct for the first time. The Philharmonic offered a total of six performances between June 29 and July 17 in Kaohsiung, Tainan and Taipei, Taiwan, as well as in Seoul and Ulsan, South Korea. Though Chen initially thought she would remain with the Philharmonic for ten years, she left in 2007 to become assistant conductor of the Atlanta Symphony. She said of her departure: "The musicians at PYP have become my kids. When I look back, these five years will always be the most memorable time of my musical career." Guest conductors during the 2007–2008 season included Ken Selden, director of orchestral studies at Portland State University, former Seattle Symphony conductor Alastair Willis, and former PYP conductors Huw Edwards and Chen herself.
David Hattner (2008–present)
David Hattner was chosen from a field of candidates to be the conductor and music director of PYP in 2008. A graduate of Northwestern University, Hattner was a clarinet student of Robert Marcellus. Before joining PYP, he had conducted Camerata Atlantica, the Garden State Philharmonic Orchestra and the Oklahoma Chamber Ensemble, and guest-conducted the Brooklyn Symphony Orchestra, Cincinnati Chamber Orchestra, Ensemble Sospeso, International Contemporary Ensemble and the Massapequa Philharmonic Orchestra. Hattner also participated in the American Academy of Conducting at Aspen three times, where he studied with Murry Sidlin and David Zinman. He has been the principal clarinet with the Cascade Music Festival Orchestra in Bend, the Key West Symphony Orchestra, the New Jersey Opera Theater, and the Princeton Symphony Orchestra. Hattner made his Oregon Symphony debut in January 2011. In addition to conducting and clarinet performance, Hattner has participated in live multimedia performances, accompanying silent films both nationally and internationally. PYP began offering Chamber Orchestra concerts during Hattner's tenure.
Today, the Portland Youth Philharmonic consists of four ensembles: the Portland Youth Philharmonic Orchestra, the Portland Youth Conservatory Orchestra, the Portland Youth Wind Ensemble, and the Young String Ensemble. Each group is selected in open auditions in the spring and fall and is highly selective.
Performances
Having previously conducted ballet repertory, Gershkovitch was approached in 1934 by Willam Christensen of the Portland Creative Theatre and School of Music, Drama, and Dance to collaborate. Gershkovitch suggested that the Portland Junior Symphony and the ballet studio perform portions of Tchaikovsky's The Nutcracker as part of Portland's annual Rose Festival. 5,000 spectators attended the Rose Queen coronation ceremony at Civic Auditorium to witness the production, which featured 100 ballerinas and dancers. The production was deemed a success for all involved and established Christensen as "Portland's leading ballet teacher". Gershkovitch and Christensen collaborated at the Rose Festival the following year (1935), performing Coppélia twice to enthusiastic crowds.
In 1998, PYP was the sole representative of the United States at the Banff International Festival of Youth Orchestras in Canada. The orchestra's Carnegie Hall debut was in 2004. In October 2010, PYP returned to Burns, Oregon, to celebrate the centennial anniversary of the establishment of the Sagebrush Symphony. A special performance honored Mary Dodge, the history of the organization and music educators with music by Howard Hanson and Charles Ives.
International tours
PJS made its first international tour to England, Italy and Portugal in 1970. Subsequent international tours included Japan in 1979; Austria and Yugoslavia in 1984; Austria, Czechoslovakia, Germany and Hungary in 1989; Japan and South Korea in 1992 and Germany in 1994. Prior to the 1984 visit to Europe, the orchestra celebrated its sixtieth anniversary by performing at Avery Fisher Hall in New York City alongside the New York Philharmonic. The concert consisted of three pieces performed by PYP and conducted by Avshalomov ("Dance of the Clowns" from Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's opera The Maid of Orleans, the first movement of Schubert's Unfinished Symphony and the fourth movement of Avshalomov's own symphony, The Oregon), a performance by the New York Philharmonic under Leonard Bernstein's leadership and finally Tchaikovsky's Romeo and Juliet conducted by Bernstein with a combined ensemble of 210 musicians.
The orchestra traveled to Australia and New Zealand in 2000 under the leadership of Huw Edwards, performing Dmitri Shostakovich's Symphony No. 10. In 2007, PYP performed six concerts throughout Taiwan (in Kaohsiung, Tainan and Taipei) and South Korea (Ulsan and Seoul).
Awards and recognitions
In 1993, ASCAP honored PYP with its award for "Adventuresome Programming of Contemporary Music". ASCAP presented PYP with second and third awards in 1997 and 2004, respectively. In 2010, PYP received the Oregon Symphony's Patty Vemer Excellence in Music Education Award. Created in memory of Patty Vemer, once the director of music education at the Oregon Symphony, the award "honors those who have made significant contributions to music education and their community and who have served as an inspiration to their students". This marked the first year the award had been given to an organization.
Alumni
Notable alumni of the orchestra include Robert Mann, who helped found the Juilliard String Quartet, and Eugene Linden, founder and conductor of the Tacoma Philharmonic Orchestra. Additional students of Gershkovitch who later became professional musicians include Jesse Kregal, Marilynn (Nudelman) Kregal, Barry Lamont, Beverly LeBeck, Frederic Rothchild, Warren Signor and Jacob Avshalomov himself.
Other professional musicians who were once part of the orchestra include Glenn Reeves, later a principal violist for the Oregon Symphony; Brian Hamilton, who became a cellist for the Tacoma Philharmonic Orchestra; and Marion Fox, who later joined the Oregon Symphony as a violinist. Harp player Frances Pozzi and Earl Rankin later became staff artists for KOIN and KGW, respectively.
Recordings
Oregon Composers (1994, Albany), conducted by Jacob Avshalomov
Portland Youth Philharmonic: Live in Concert (1996, Portland Youth Philharmonic), conducted by Huw Edwards
Fountain of Youth (March 27, 1998, Portland Youth Philharmonic), conducted by Edwards, recorded live at the Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall
The Territory Beyond (2000, Portland Youth Philharmonic), conducted by Edwards
Reaching New Heights (2002, Portland Youth Philharmonic), conducted by Edwards
With Jacob Avshalomov
Portland Youth Philharmonic (1992, CRI)
Music by Avshalomov, Harris & Ward (1994, CRI)
Jacob Avshalomov: Symphony of Songs, etc. (1995, Albany)
Avshalomov: Fabled Cities (1998, Albany)
See also
American classical music
List of symphony orchestras in the United States
List of youth orchestras in the United States
Music education for young children
Music education in the United States
References
Works cited
Note: Profile for Jacob Avshalomov (pp. 49–52) by David Campbell.
Further reading
External links
Portland Youth Philharmonic's official site
Portland Youth Philharmonic at Allmusic
Interview with Jacob Avshalomov, March 3, 1986
1924 establishments in Oregon
Albany Records artists
American youth orchestras
Musical groups established in 1924
Musical groups from Portland, Oregon
Orchestras based in Oregon
Organizations based in Portland, Oregon
Youth organizations based in Oregon
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4009993
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shane%20%28American%20TV%20series%29
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Shane (American TV series)
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Shane is an American Western television series which aired on ABC in 1966. It was based on the 1949 book of the same name by Jack Schaefer and the 1953 classic film starring Alan Ladd. David Carradine portrayed the titular character in the television series, a former gunfighter and sometimes outlaw who takes a job as a hired hand at the ranch of a widowed woman, her son, and her father-in-law.
Premise
The series follows the 1953 movie in its general premise, even in the lead character's buckskin shirt and concho gun belt, but departs from it in several important aspects:
The Shane, Marian, and Joey characters are much younger; Marian is a widow who lives with her father-in-law Tom, and Shane has lived with them for a while already when the story starts. That is the basis for a romance subplot that constitutes the arch of the whole series; nearly every person who meets them supposes Shane and Marian are a couple. Her father-in-law approves it, and the boy Joey idolizes Shane. However, as she doesn't dare to give the first step (even less when Shane is a man who gives no hint of any romantic interest), and he sees himself as the less desirable suitor Marian could ever have, their mutual feelings aren't expressed.
Despite his wish to leave that part of his life behind, Shane resorts to his gun often, which prompts Tom Starett's comment that he is as addicted to it as Tom himself is addicted to alcohol. That also means that the homesteaders tend to see him as a defender as much as a danger.
The action happens around a settlement called Crossroads, which has no law officer, judge, or physician. For that reason Sam Grafton is a more important character, functioning as everybody's counselor, and even as an emergency surgeon. His helper Ben is also a more defined and comical character than in the movie.
Rufe Ryker, the open-range cattleman, alive here until the end of the series, has his own dramatic arc: he starts as an absolute enemy of the “sodbusters”, as evil and ruthless as in the movie. Later, he becomes the occasional ally of Shane or the homesteaders when his interests are affected or a common danger approaches; also, given the strength he has by his team of cowhands, he functions as a law enforcer. The character evolves to the point that at the end he is an acceptable suitor for Marian's hand. Bert Freed as Ryker started the season clean-shaven and let his beard grow from week to week, never shaving throughout the rest of the series, adding a rather unique element of verisimilitude.
Cast
David Carradine as Shane
Jill Ireland as Marian Starett
Chris Shea as Joey Starett
Tom Tully as Tom Starett
Bert Freed as Rufe Ryker
Sam Gilman as Grafton
Owen Bush as Ben
Lawrence Mann as Harve
Ned Romero as Chips
Cast comparison
Production
The series was shot at the Paramount Studios and the Paramount Ranch, California, unlike the 1953 movie, whose exteriors were shot in Wyoming. That makes the characters be seen carrying slickers on their saddles while riding in a rather dry landscape.
In 1966, after Paramount sold the rights to ABC, the TV company got Herbert Brodkin and his Titus Productions, Inc. Brodkin offered the producer job to Denne Bart Petitclerc, with David Shaw as executive producer; William Blinn was offered the job of story editor (credited as story consultant).
According to Blinn, as Brodkin came from the experience of shows shot in interiors like The Defenders, The Nurses and Coronet Blue, Shane rarely went on location and was a minimalist western of sorts because the Brodkin organization would not permit any deficit spending. Still, Brodkin gave the series his characteristic quality of production, strong characterizations, and stories that asked the audience to think.
The biggest problem Shane faced was the inevitable comparison to the 1953 movie; the greatest asset they had to overcome that obstacle was the casting of David Carradine: “David was kind of that character. He’s got his own rhythms, he’s got his own stance and attitude and point of view, and that’s a good and creative thing to do,” stated Blinn. Also, the quality of the show rested on team effort, with the inclusion of the cast in story conferences, the hiring of talented directors like Robert Butler or David Greene, and writers as Ernest Kinoy.
Toward the cancellation of the series, the Brodkin organization cut back the budget drastically; according to Blinn, what doomed the series was ABC asking for more action, and Brodkin refusing, arguing the need to stay within the assigned budget, and doing the show in his own way. Also, the low ratings were decisive: Shane had been put in the time slot of the Saturday nights, opposite The Jackie Gleason Show, one of the most popular TV programs of the time.
Episode list
Home media
On March 10, 2015, Timeless Media Group released Shane: The Complete Series on DVD in Region 1.
References
External links
1960s Western (genre) television series
American Broadcasting Company original programming
1966 American television series debuts
1966 American television series endings
Television shows based on American novels
Television remakes of films
Television series by CBS Studios
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4009994
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canine%20discoid%20lupus%20erythematosus
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Canine discoid lupus erythematosus
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Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is an uncommon autoimmune disease of the basal cell layer of the skin. It occurs in humans and cats, more frequently occurring in dogs. It was first described in dogs by Griffin and colleagues in 1979. DLE is one form of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE). DLE occurs in dogs in two forms: a classical facial predominant form or generalized with other areas of the body affected. Other non-discoid variants of CLE include vesicular CLE, exfoliative CLE and mucocutaenous CLE. It does not progress to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in dogs. SLE can also have skin symptoms, but it appears that the two are either separate diseases. DLE in dogs differs from SLE in humans in that plasma cells predominate histologically instead of T lymphocytes. Because worsening of symptoms occurs with increased ultraviolet light exposure, sun exposure most likely plays a role in DLE, although certain breeds (see below) are predisposed. After pemphigus foliaceus, DLE is the second most common autoimmune skin disease in dogs.
Symptoms
The most common initial symptom is scaling and loss of pigment on the nose. The surface of the nose becomes smooth gray, and ulcerated, instead of the normal black cobblestone texture. Over time the lips, the skin around the eyes, the ears, and the genitals may become involved. Lesions may progress to ulceration and lead to tissue destruction. DLE is often worse in summer due to increased sun exposure.
Diagnosis
DLE is easily confused with solar dermatitis, pemphigus, ringworm, and other types of dermatitis. Biopsy is required to make the distinction. Histopathologically, there is inflammation at the dermoepidermal junction and degeneration of the basal cell layer. Unlike in SLE, an anti-nuclear antibody test is usually negative.
Treatment
Avoiding sun exposure and the use of sunscreens (not containing zinc oxide as this is toxic to dogs) is important. Topical therapy includes corticosteroid and tacrolimus use. Oral vitamin E or omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are also used. More refractory cases may require the use of oral niacinamide and tetracycline or immuno-suppressive medication such as corticosteroids, azathioprine, or chlorambucil. Treatment is often lifelong, but there is a good prognosis for long-term remission.
Commonly affected dog breed
Alaskan Malamute
Collie
German Shepherd Dog
Shetland Sheepdog
Siberian Husky
Brittany
German Shorthaired Pointer
Africanis
Rottweilers
References
Discoid lupus erythematosus
Autoimmune diseases
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4009995
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dattilam
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Dattilam
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Dattilam (दत्तिलम्) is an ancient Indian musical text ascribed to the sage (muni) Dattila. It is believed to have been composed shortly after the Natya Shastra of Bharata, and is dated between the 1st and 4th century AD. But Bharathamuni had given reference of the treatise " Dattilam" in his celebrated work "Natyashastra"(1-26) so there is a belief that Dattilam may be a work composed before Bharata Muni.
Written in 244 verses, Dattilam claims to be a synthesis of earlier works on music. The text marks the transition from the sama-gayan (ritual chants as in the Samaveda), to what is known as gandharva music, after the gandharvas, musically adept spirits who are first mentioned in the Mahabharata. Dattilam discusses scales (swara), the base note (sthana), and defines a tonal framework called grama in terms of 22 micro-tonal intervals (sruti) comprising one octave. It also discusses various arrangements of the notes (murchhana), the permutations and combinations of note-sequences (tanas), and alankara or elaboration.
The melodic structure is categorized into 18 groups called jati, which are the fundamental melodic structures pre-dating the concept of the raga.
The names of the jatis reflect regional origins, e.g. andhri (Andhra Pradesh), oudichya (Orissa).
(Note that many modern raga names are also after regions - e.g. Khamaj, Kanada, Gauda, Multani, Jaunpuri, etc.). Ten characteristics are mentioned for each jati, which resemble the structuring and elaboration of the contemporary raga in Hindustani music.
Dattila (between the 4th century BCE and the 2nd century CE) is an early Indian musicologist, who refined the melodic structures, scales and other aspects of Indian Classical Music in his work Dattilam. Nothing is known of Dattila beyond the work Dattilam. In Bharata's Natya Shastra, Bharata gives a list of a hundred sons who will put the knowledge of performances (Natyaveda) to use. One of these sons is named Dattila, which had led to some speculation that Dattila may be
a little later or contemporary to Bharata. However, today it is mostly felt, given the lack of Natyashastra elements in Dattilam, that he may have been a little earlier or a contemporary. Of course, the date of Bharata is itself not known; usually he is dated somewhere between 400BC to 200AD.
References
Nijenhuis, Emmie te (1970). Dattilam: a compendium of ancient Indian music.
Hindu texts
Indian classical music
Indian music history
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4010005
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outreau%20trial
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Outreau trial
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The Outreau trial was a 2004 criminal trial in northern France on various counts of sexual abuse against children. The trial and the appeal trial revealed that the main witness for the prosecution, convicted for the abuse, had lied about the involvement of other suspects, who were in fact innocent. Several innocent suspects had nevertheless spent years jailed on remand and one died while in prison.
The trials resulted in a national outrage in France, with journalists, politicians and the public opinion questioning how such a miscarriage of justice could happen, with innocent men and women being held for years in jail on unfounded suspicions. In January 2006, a parliamentary inquiry was created, with President Jacques Chirac calling the affair a "judicial disaster".
Outreau affair
The "Outreau affair", which concerned an alleged criminal network in Outreau, a working class town next to Boulogne-sur-Mer in the Pas-de-Calais region, began in November 2001. The first trial took place in Saint-Omer in 2004, and the appeal took place in Paris in 2005.
Seventeen people were accused. Mostly parents, they were charged with child sexual abuse and incest and their children were separated from them for much of this time. The affair began when some school teachers and social workers noticed “strange sexual behavior” from four children in a local school. Psychologists believed the children to be credible witnesses, but doctors found no evidence of sexual abuse. The parents were accused on the testimony of some of the children, which was then backed up by the confessions of some of the accused.
The defendants were held in custody for from one to three years. In the first trial (in 2004), four of the eighteen admitted guilt and were convicted, while seven denied involvement and were acquitted. Six further defendants denied the charges but were convicted and given light sentences – they appealed their convictions, and were heard by the Paris Cour d'assises in autumn 2005. On the first day of the hearing, the prosecution's claims were destroyed, and all six were acquitted. Another defendant died in prison while awaiting trial.
Judicial process
First trial
The trial took place before Saint-Omer's Cour d'assises, composed of three professional judges and nine jurors.
The case involved an alleged ring of 17 persons, with the charges based on one woman's evidence and some corroborating statements from alleged victims. The alleged offenders were condemned on the grounds of certain adults' and, most of all, the children's testimony, together with psychiatric evidence. The children's testimony took place in "huis clos" (behind closed doors); such a procedure is normal in France for victims of sexual abuse, especially minors.
The six convicted persons who denied any responsibility appealed their convictions.
The woman who had given much of the evidence later confessed in court she had lied, and the children's revelations were found to be unreliable. Only four of the accused ever confessed, all the others insisted on their innocence: one died in jail during the investigation, 7 others were acquitted during the first trial in May 2004, the last 6 during the second trial on the evening of 1 December 2005.
Second trial
The appeal took place before Paris' Cour d'assises, composed of three professional judges and twelve jurors, used as an appellate court for review of both facts and law.
On its first day, the prosecution's claims were dismissed, owing to the statement of the main prosecution witness, Myriam Badaoui, who had declared on 18 November that the six convicted persons "had not done anything" and that she had herself lied. Thierry Delay, her former husband, backed up her statement. During the trial, the psychological evidence was also called into question, as it appeared biased and lacking in weight. The denials of two children, who admitted that they had formerly lied, also contributed to the destruction of the prosecution's claims. One of the psychologists said on TV: "I am paid the same as a cleaning lady, so I provide a cleaning lady's expertise," which caused further public indignation.
At the end of the trial, the prosecutor (avocat général) asked for the acquittal of all of the accused persons. The defence renounced its right to plead, preferring to observe a minute of silence in favor of François Mourmand, who had died in prison during remand. Yves Bot, general prosecutor of Paris, came to the trial on its last day, without previously notifying the president of the Cour d'assises, Mrs. Mondineu-Hederer; while there, Bot presented his apologies to the defendants on behalf of the legal system—he did this before the verdict was delivered, taking for granted a "not guilty" ruling, for which some magistrates reproached him afterwards.
All six defendants were finally acquitted on 1 December 2005, putting an end to five years of trials, which have been described by the French media as a "judicial foundering" or even as a "judicial Chernobyl".
Remaining sentences
Four people remained convicted after the appeal trial: Myriam Badaoui (who had not appealed her conviction), her husband, and a couple of neighbours. Myriam Badaoui, her husband, and one of the neighbours confessed that they had wrongfully accused other people to have been involved in the abuse cases, whereas only the four of them had been involved.
Myriam Badaoui was convicted and sentenced to 15 years in prison, her husband to 20 years. Myriam Badoui was freed in 2015.
Aftermath
Questioning on French justice and media involvement
The affair caused public indignation and questions about the general workings of justice in France. The role of an inexperienced magistrate, Fabrice Burgaud, fresh out of the Ecole Nationale de la Magistrature was underscored, as well as the undue weight given to children's words and to psychiatric expertise, both of which were revealed to have been wrong.
The media's relation of the events was also questioned; although they were quick to point out the judicial error, they also had previously endorsed the "Outreau affair".
Parliamentary inquiry
After the second trial, the Prime Minister Dominique de Villepin, the minister of justice Pascal Clément and President Chirac himself officially apologised to the victims in the name of the government and of the judicial institutions.
In January 2006, there was a special parliamentary enquiry (for the first time broadcast live on television) about this catastrophe judiciaire (judicial disaster), which had been called by President Chirac in order to help prevent a recurrence of this situation through alterations in France's legal system. The role of experts (who had drawn hasty conclusions from children's testimony) and child protection advocates, lack of legal representation, the responsibility of the judges (the prosecution's case depended in this instance on a single investigative magistrate) and the role of the mass media were examined.
The acquitted persons' hearing by the parliamentary enquiry caused a surge of emotion through the whole country. The affair was designated a "judiciary shipwreck".
Fabrice Burgaud
On 24 April 2009 the Conseil supérieur de la magistrature sentenced Burgaud to a reprimand (réprimande avec inscription au dossier), the lowest disciplinary penalty in the French judiciary system. Since then the case was "dropped".
Film
In 2011 a film, Présumé coupable (English title: Presumed Guilty) was released, a drama documentary about the case from the viewpoint of Alain Marecaux, one of the innocent defendants, based on his memoirs.
In 2012 another film Outreau, l'autre vérité (English title: Outreau, the other truth) was released. It is a documentary about the case from the viewpoint of some of the children, the experts and the magistrates. It paints a picture of how the press was manipulated by the defence lawyers, and how the words of the children were stifled.
See also
McMartin preschool trial, a Californian case where several adults accused of sexual abuse remained on remand for years before charges were dropped.
Orkney child abuse scandal, a Scottish child abuse prosecution that collapsed on its first day of trial.
References
External links
Collapse of child sex case shakes French courts
Political scandals in France
Sex scandals
Day care sexual abuse allegations
2004 in France
2004 in law
Trials in France
Wrongful convictions
Saint-Omer
Child sexual abuse in France
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4010036
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medazepam
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Medazepam
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Medazepam is a drug that is a benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative, and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. It is known by the following brand names: Azepamid, Nobrium, Tranquirax (mixed with bevonium), Rudotel, Raporan, Ansilan and Mezapam. Medazepam is a long-acting benzodiazepine drug. The half-life of medazepam is 36–200 hours.
Pharmacology
Medazepam acts as a prodrug to diazepam, as well as nordazepam, temazepam and oxazepam.
Benzodiazepine drugs including medazepam increase the inhibitory processes in the cerebral cortex by allosteric modulation of the GABA receptor. Benzodiazepines may also act via micromolar benzodiazepine-binding sites as Ca2+ channel blockers and significantly inhibited depolarization-sensitive calcium uptake in experiments with cell components from rat brains. This has been conjectured as a mechanism for high dose effects against seizures in a study. It has major active benzodiazepine metabolites, which gives it a more prolonged therapeutic effect after administration.
See also
Benzodiazepine
Benzodiazepine dependence
Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome
Long-term effects of benzodiazepines
References
External links
Inchem - Medazepam
Benzodiazepines
Chloroarenes
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators
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4010054
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny%20Belinda%20%281967%20film%29
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Johnny Belinda (1967 film)
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Johnny Belinda is a 1967 television film directed by Paul Bogart and Gary Nelson. It is based upon the play Johnny Belinda by Elmer Blaney Harris. The film was thought to be missing from UK TV archives, but was discovered being sold in the United States on DVD by Kaleidoscope's Ray Langstone and a copy now resides with Kaleidoscope.
Plot
In the small town of Carcadie, Nova Scotia, 1903, a fisherman called Locky McCormick receives advice from Pacquet, the local shopkeeper: young Stella, the new doctor's maidservant, has received an inheritance and it would be a good idea to courtship her. Locky follows Paquet's advice.
Dr. Robert Richardson mets the MacDonald family: Black, the father, Aggie, his sister, and Belinda, who is a deaf-mute young woman. Her appearance is unkempt, almost wild. The family raises farm animals and grind local wheat into flour at their small mill. The doctor realizes that, although she cannot hear or speak, Belinda is very intelligent. Her father, her aunt, and the whole town call Belinda "dummy" and care little about her. Dr. Richardson befriends Belinda and teaches her sign language. She also learns to read, mathematics, how to read lips, and her appearance improves. Belinda's father and aunt realize she is a kind, loving young woman, and the family's relationship changes. Over time, the doctor's affection for her grows.
Meanwhile, Locky has noticed Belinda's beauty. One night when there is a dance in the town and he knows she is alone at home, he leaves the party surreptitiously, goes to Belinda's house, tries to seduce her and when she resist his advances, he rapes her.
When Dr. Richardson comes back from his trip, she finds her sad and unkempt; her family doesn't know why. Dr. Richardson brings her to a colleague who specializes in hearing, who tells him her deafness is irreversible but not hereditary; the baby she is expecting most probably will have a normal hearing.
Back in the town, the MacDonalds are saddened and angered, but it comes to Dr. Richardson explaining to Belinda what is happening to her. She refuses to reveal the father's identity, expressing it is unimportant, and welcomes her future child. Stella, who is about to marry Locky, leaves the doctor's service in anger, revealing him that the town's people believe he abused the poor dummy.
Belinda gives birth at home to a healthy baby boy, whom she names Johnny. Dr. Richardson tells Black that he is willing to marry Belinda, as he has grown into loving her. After Black agrees, Dr. Richardson proposes to her, and they kiss. He asks Belinda whether she understand what "marriage" means: she does.
Boycotted by the locals, the doctor goes away in search of a new home and a job position. He writes to Belinda saying he has found a small but pretty house for them and their son.
A stormy night, Locky goes to the MacDonald house to pay a debt. While Black is at the mill, he approaches at baby Johnny and talks lovingly at him, saying that he'll grow up to be as tall as his papa. Black hears that, realizes what Locky has done, and attacks him. In the fight, Locky kills Black. Then he makes things look as if an accident happened and flees.
Locky bribes Pacquet so in his capacity of member of the town's council the shopkeeper talks the town's people into signing a document that declares Belinda unfit to care for the child and award him to Locky and Stella. With that power, they go to take Johnny. Locky makes Stella to enter alone. She realizes that Belinda is a smart and competent mother, who will never give up her baby. Stella retreats and tells Locky that they have no right to take Johnny away. Locky tells his wife that he has the right because he is the father. When he goes to retrieve the boy, Locky pushes Belinda aside easily, but before he can unlock the door of the room where the baby is, Belinda kills him with her father's shotgun.
Belinda is arrested and goes on trial for murder. At the trial, it is discussed whether she knows the difference between right and wrong, and whether killing someone is wrong, to which she says (through an interpreter) that she knows, sealing her fate. Dr. Richardson demands that the reasons for her behavior be taken into consideration, but his efforts are dismissed. When called to the bench, he is asked whether he is Johnny's father, what he denies. The letter in which he called Johnny his son makes everyone believe that he is lying, and the prosecutor claims that Belinda killed Locky because he had found out that the doctor was the baby's father. At that point, Stella blurts out that her husband had confessed to be the baby's father, and with that it is understood that not only he was Belinda's abuser, but he had attempted maliciously to take away the baby from his mother. The judge dismisses the case as self-defense. Belinda is set free, and she, Johnny, Dr. Richardson and aunt Aggie leave together.
Cast
Ian Bannen as Dr. Jack Richardson
David Carradine as Locky
Mia Farrow as Belinda MacDonald
Barry Sullivan as Black MacDonald
Ruth White as Aggie MacDonald
Jacques Aubuchon as Pacquet
Carol Ann Daniels as Stella
References
External links
1967 films
Films about deaf people
American films based on plays
Films directed by Paul Bogart
1960s English-language films
American television films
Films directed by Gary Nelson
Films scored by Charles Fox
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4010061
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20S.%20Middleton%20High%20School
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George S. Middleton High School
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Middleton High School is a public high school in Tampa, Florida named in honor of George S. Middleton, an African American businessman and civic leader who moved to Tampa from South Carolina in the late 19th century. Middleton was established for black students in 1934 during the segregation era. The current facility opened in 2002 on North 22nd Street in East Tampa.
Middleton's mascot is the Tiger. Its rival school in Hillsborough County is Howard W. Blake High School. A historical marker recounts the school's history. It was an all-black school for nearly 40 years and remains predominantly black along with its surrounding neighborhood.
It became a junior high school in 1971. Middleton High School reopened in a new location in 2002 with community support. In 2008, a report recounted the school's struggles to improve academic achievement.
History
Middleton High School was the first high school for African Americans in Hillsborough County when it opened in 1934 on 24th and Chelsea Streets in East Tampa. Booker T. Washington School in Tampa had previously accommodated junior and senior high students.
A 1940 fire destroyed the school and it was rebuilt through the Works Progress Administration (WPA). There was a second fire in 1968.
Middleton closed in 1971 as desegregation was being implemented, becoming Middleton Junior High School, and was renamed A.J. Ferrell Middle School of Technology in 2000. After an alumni campaign to reopen the high school, it reopened in 2002 in a new location.
Academic Performance
Graduation rate
In 2012 Middleton's graduation rate was 59% as compared to a statewide rate of 74.5% and a Hillsborough County rate of 72.6%. As of 2017, the school increased its graduation rate to 81% as compared to the state average of 82%.
Florida Department of Education grade
2018 - B
2017 - C
2016 - C
2015 - C
2014 - C
2013 - C
2012 - B
2011 - D
2010 - C
2009 - D
2008 - D
FSA performance
During the 2009 school year, only 25% of students scored "proficient" on the reading section of the Florida Standards Assessment, while 53% passed Mathematics and 90% passed Writing. The average among the Hillsborough County School District (SDHC) is 61% for Reading, 68% for Mathematics, and 96% for Writing.
SAT performance
In 2014 Middleton had an average SAT score of 1245
AP performance
Middleton High school puts a strong emphasis on taking AP level classes, especially for students in the magnet program. In 2016, Middleton had an AP course participation rate of 48%, compared to the state average of 23%, with every student enrolled in any of the magnet programs being required to take at least one AP class every year.
Magnet programs
The magnet school programs at Middleton High School are designed to help students enter career paths in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. The objective is to give students a balanced and rigorous curriculum leading directly to industry, technical school, or university training. Students take science, mathematics, and technical classes leading to college credit through Advanced Placement, dual-enrollment, and/or articulated agreements. Middleton graduates have computer experience and take elective classes in fine art, performing arts, business, and journalism, in addition to participating in clubs and organizations.
Magnet students at Middleton choose one magnet program for their major, but are encouraged to explore classes in other magnet programs that may be of interest to them. Magnet students may complete more than one magnet program, although they are only required to complete their major. Taking online classes with Florida Virtual School is recommended so that students can complete all their required and elective classes by graduation.
The school offers magnet programs in Biomedicine, Computer Systems Technology, Computer Game Design, and Engineering. Both biomedicine and engineering are Project Lead the Way programs.
Engineering
The engineering program is based on the Project Lead the Way (PLTW) model, a nationally recognized high school pre-engineering curriculum.
After completing Middleton's Engineering Magnet Pathway, students are well-prepared for the rigors of engineering courses at the university level.
Middleton is a certified PLTW high school, which means students can earn college credit for their engineering classes at PLTW engineering universities, such as Purdue and Duke.
Game design
The Academy of Computer Game Design prepares students for video game design and animation. Students practice skills in programming, graphic design, management, and 3D modeling. Creating games includes the building and management of complex databases.
Students receive hands-on experience in planning and building their own original games. Games can be designed to play on multiple platforms such as personal computer, cellphone, Nintendo DS, and Xbox 360.
Students are educated with the foundational knowledge to pursue further training and a career in game design and animation. They may earn industry certifications, such as MOS (Microsoft Office Specialist), Adobe Certified Associate-Photoshop, Adobe Certified Associate-Flash, and Autodesk Certification (3D Studio Max or Maya). They learn complex technology skills that can be transferred to other careers, such as database development and management for business systems.
Cyber Security System Essentials
The Cisco Networking Academy is a program that teaches students how to design, build, troubleshoot, and secure computers and computer networks for increased access to career and economic opportunities. The Networking Academy provides online courses, interactive tools, and hands-on learning activities to help prepare students for careers in virtually every type of industry.
Students begin the program by studying the hardware and software of personal computers in preparation for the nationally recognized A+ Certification Exam. Hands-on labs and virtual desktop learning tools help students develop critical thinking and complex problem-solving skills. The Cisco CCNA curriculum provides an integrated and comprehensive coverage of networking topics, from fundamentals to advanced applications and services, while also providing opportunities for hands-on practical experience and soft-skills development. Students will be prepared for the CCNA and CCENT exams. Upon completion of the Cisco Academy curriculum, the student moves into the Security+ and Cyber Security class to finish the program.
This program allows students to develop the skills necessary to enter all fields of computer programming and computer engineering at the post-secondary level.
2013/2014 SkillsUSA State champions. 2013/2014 Future Business Leaders of America State and National Champions are presently in this class.
Biomedical engineering
Biotechnology is a field of applied biology that involves the use of living organisms andbioprocesses in engineering, technology, medicine and other fields requiring bioproducts; work in biotechnology includes genetic engineering as well as cell culture and tissue culture technologies. Students in this magnet program take a total of eight courses, four courses in Biotechnology and four in the Biomedical Sciences PLTW Program. PTLW classes contain some science but the courses also involve marketing. In fact, science is emphasized only in a marketing perspective rather than a medical perspective.
Extracurricular Activities
Mu Alpha Theta
Middleton's Mu Alpha Theta team was one of the highest-ranked in the nation. In 2007, their team placed ninth in the FAMAT state convention, and seventh in the Mu Alpha Theta National Convention.
FLBA (Future Business Leaders of America)
Having won over 400 awards in its 8-year life span, Middleton FBLA has quickly made it to the #1 chapter in all of Florida and one of the top chapters in the nation in regards to national winners. With more than 70 business based competitions, FBLA caters to all. In the 2017–2018 school year, 130 students won at the district level, 50 won at the state level and 15 at the national level.
HOSA (Future Health Professionals)
Middleton HOSA is one of the top chapters in the state and district. Middleton HOSA has over 100 members and has won awards on the state, national, and district level.
Speech and Debate
Middleton has an award winning speech and debate club winning at local and national competitions.National Honor Society
Middleton National Honor Society is the largest honor society on campus.
ACE Mentors (Architecture, Construction, and Engineering)
This club meets once a week to teach students more about architecture and civil engineering. Students are put into groups at the beginning of the school year and given a project that their group will complete step by step throughout the school year. The project changes every year and is always based on a real life construction project. At the end of the year, groups present their projects in front of a panel of real civil engineers and architects and can win prizes including scholarships.
Athletics
In 1957, Middleton won the Florida state championship in basketball in the FIAA, which was the athletic organization for schools with black students. In 1964, they won it again.
Sports available at Middleton include Baseball, Basketball, Cheer leading, Cross Country, Football, Flag Football, Golf, Soccer, Softball, Swimming, Tennis, Track, Volleyball, and Wrestling.
Rivalry
The school's rival high school is Howard W. Blake High School (Middleton and Blake were the two African-American high schools during segregation). The yearly football game, held at Tampa's Raymond James Stadium, is highly anticipated.
Notable alumni
Delores P. Aldridge, sociologist
Jay Bowie, basketball player
Walter Lee Gibbons, baseball player
Josh Johnson (baseball coach), minor league baseball player and manager of the Down East Wood Ducks
Lloyd Mumphord (1965), NFL defensive back and two-time Super Bowl champion with Dolphins
Al Toon, football player
Nick Toon, football player
Ted Washington Sr., football player
Stoney Woodson, football player
Demographic information
96% of students at Middleton are proficient in English.
73% of students come from low income households
56% of the students at Middleton are male, while 44% are female.
References
High schools in Tampa, Florida
Public high schools in Florida
1934 establishments in Florida
Historically segregated African-American schools in Florida
Educational institutions established in 1934
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4010068
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvit%C3%B8ya
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Kvitøya
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Kvitøya (English: "White Island") is an island in the Svalbard archipelago in the Arctic Ocean, with an area of . It is the easternmost part of the Kingdom of Norway. The closest Russian Arctic possession, Victoria Island, lies only to the east of Kvitøya.
The island is almost completely covered by Kvitøyjøkulen, an ice cap with an area of with a classical, hourglass-shaped dome, which has given it its name. The few ice-free land areas are each only a few square kilometres large and very barren and rocky, the largest being Andréeneset on the southwest corner of the island. Kvitøya is a part of the Nordaust-Svalbard Nature Reserve.
Kvitøya was discovered by the Dutchman Cornelis Giles in 1707, and it was seen under the name 'Giles Land' on maps in different shapes, sizes and positions throughout the centuries. The present name was given by whaler Johan Kjeldsen of Tromsø in 1876.
The island was the resting place of the Andrée's Arctic balloon expedition of 1897, organised by S. A. Andrée. The expedition had attempted to overfly the North Pole in a hydrogen balloon, but was forced down on the pack ice about north of Kvitøya on July 14, less than three days after their launch. They reached the island on foot by October 6 and settled on the only ice free part on the island, on what is now called Andréeneset.
The fate of the expedition for many years was one of the great mysteries of the Arctic, until its remains were discovered by the ship Bratvaag in 1930, over thirty years later, and diaries, logs of scientific observations and photographs—glass negative plates, which had been deep frozen and could be developed—were recovered at the site. Modern researchers hold that the three members of the expedition died within two weeks of reaching the island.
A commemorating the three men, S. A. Andrée, Nils Strindberg and Knut Frænkel is erected on the island. Another monument, put there by the "Stockholm expedition" in 1997 to commemorate the 100 years anniversary of the tragic event, was later deliberately destroyed by the Svalbard authority, on the ground of it being illegally erected.
Etymology
The original spelling of the name from 1876 was Hvidøen (Danish–Norwegian). In 1927, it was changed to Kvitøya. Like other names in the Norwegian Arctic and Antarctic islands and areas the Nynorsk form of Norwegian is used in the name – the Bokmål form would have been Hvitøyen or Hvitøya.
Climate
See also
List of islands in the Arctic Ocean
List of islands of Norway
Queen Victoria Sea
References
External links
GoNorway - Kvitøya
Islands of Svalbard
Uninhabited islands of Norway
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4010072
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shishi%20High%20School
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Shishi High School
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Shishi High School () is a state secondary school in Chengdu, Sichuan, China. It stands on the site of the first public school ever built, built in 143–141 BC by the Han dynasty governor Wén Wēng (文翁). It was originally constructed in stone, hence the name Shishi (石室), or stone chamber. The school is also known as Wenweng Shishi (), the "Stone Chamber of Wen Weng".
History
Between the years 143 and 141 BC, Wén Wēng (文翁), the Western Han dynasty governor of Shu Commandery (modern Sichuan), established the first Chinese public school, Shujun Junxue (Shu Commandery Academy, 蜀郡郡学). The great Han dynasty scholar Sima Xiangru studied at the school.
During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the school was devastated by fire. It was rebuilt in 199 AD, and continued through China's imperial dynasties as Yizhou Zhouxue (益州州学, Yizhou Prefecture School), Chengdu Fuxue (Chengdu Prefecture Academy, 成都府学) and other names. Shu Shi Jing (a form of Thirteen Classics, literally Shu Carved Stone of Classics, 蜀石经) was completed in Chengdu Fuxue in Northern Song after more than 230 years intermittent carving. In the 17th century, as the Ming dynasty collapsed, Zhang Xianzhong's rebel force devastated Sichuan and the school was destroyed.
In 1661, early in the Qing Dynasty, the Chengdu Fuxue (prefecture school of Chengdu) was reestablished on the site, and became a leading school in Sichuan. Jinjiang Academy, which later became Sichuan University, was established at the school in 1740. Chengdu Fuxue became Chengdu Normal School (成都师范学堂) under the new educational system introduced in 1902 and then became Chengdu Middle School (成都府中学堂) in 1904. It was renamed again to Chengdu Shishi Middle School (成都石室中学) in February 1940, and in mid-1948 was identified as a model for secondary schools nationwide.
In September 1952, after the establishment of the People's Republic of China, the school changed its name to Chengdu No. 4 Middle School (成都第四中学). During the Cultural Revolution the school was devastated for the third time; none of the Qing Dynasty buildings still exist. It returned to its former name in April 1983.
Shishi ranks among the top 100 high schools in China. Its admission is highly selective, and attracts applications each year from both local and neighboring middle schools. Most Shishi students scored among the top 10% of their peers on the junior middle school exit exam.
Notable alumni
Guo Moruo (郭沫若): scientist, sociologist, former dean of Chinese Academy of Sciences, former vice-chairman of Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.
Li Yimang (李一氓): revolutionist, former member of Central Advisory Commission of the Chinese Communist Party
Wu Guozhen: former Shanghai mayor
Ma Zhiming (马志明): mathematician, academician of Chinese Academy of Science, former vice-president of China Mathematics Association, academician of Third World Academic of Science, former vice-president of executive of IMU
He Lin (贺麟): cell biologist, academician of Chinese Academy of Science
Li Jieren (李劼人): litterateur, former Chengdu mayor
Li Hao (李卓皓): Professor of Economics, University of British Columbia
Jung Chang: Chinese-born British writer now living in London, best known for her family autobiography Wild Swans
Zhong shan (钟山): Academician of the Chinese academy of engineering and the International Academy of Astronautics
References
《石室校志》by 四川省成都石室中学,1989年10月
External links
The official website of Chengdu Shishi High School https://web.archive.org/web/20150626070856/http://www.cdshishi.net/its/
A YouTube video introducing the school made by her alumni https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ttEWjo4AFI
Education in Chengdu
Educational institutions established in the 2nd century BC
Educational institutions established in the 1660s
140s BC establishments
2nd-century BC establishments in China
High schools in Sichuan
2nd-century establishments in China
1661 establishments in China
Han dynasty
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4010087
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caracas%20Stock%20Exchange
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Caracas Stock Exchange
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The Caracas Stock Exchange or Bolsa de Valores de Caracas (BVC) is a stock exchange located in Caracas, Venezuela. Established in 1947, BVC merged with a competitor in 1974.
Operational and Legal Structure
BVC is a private exchange, providing operations for the purchase and authorized sale of securities according to the Capital Marketing Laws of Venezuela. It is member of the Executive Committee of the Latin American Federation of Stock markets. At the exchange, companies emit by procedures authorized by the regulating authorities, instruments of fixed income and securities (renta fija y de renta variable) with the purpose of securing capital from public investors. BVC is also used as a location for trading in Bonds and other debt instruments.
The legal structure prevailing in the Venezuelan capital market are the Securities Marketing Law (la Ley de Mercado de Capitales, enacted in 1975 and amended in 1998), Transaction Law (Ley de Caja de Valores), the Statutory Law of Public Credit (Ley Orgánica de Crédito Público), the Law of Organizations of Collective Investment and the norms dictated by the National Exchange Commission (Comisión Nacional de Valores, or CNV). Exchange activities are regulated and supervised by the National Exchange Commission, a public entity assigned to the Ministry of Finance, that authorizes internal procedures and regulations.
Board of Directors
The Board of Directors of the Caracas Stock Exchange is presided over by Víctor Julio Flores. Additional members include Santiago Fernández Castro, Marcel Apeloig, Omar Delgado, José Gregorio Castro, Gabriel Osío, Jesús Tadeo Prato, Luis Oberto, Carlos Fernández and Mario Dickson, as well as by advisers Luis Andrés Guerrero and Rubén Manzur.
History and Performance
The origins of the Venezuelan stock market can be traced to the end of the colonial era, when in 1805 Don Bruno Abasolo and Don Fernando Key Muñoz founded the Casa de Bolsa y Recreación de los Comerciantes y Labradores in Caracas. The exchange was officially founded on January 21, 1947 and inaugurated its first trading session on April 21 of the same year, after previously trading stocks over the counter. On May 6, 1976, the assembly of shareholders decided to change the denomination of the institution to Bolsa de Valores de Caracas C.A., and initiated a new operating structure composed of 43 shareholders, or puestos de bolsa, an amount that would be increased to 63 members in 1995.
Performance
In 1990, with an increase of 602%, the market was the second-best performing that year (after Poland).
In April 2007, 60 companies were listed on the BVC, with less than half being traded regularly. BVC experienced a severe decline in traded volumes since the mid-1990s as a result of a declining economy, the migration of stocks to the U.S. markets in the form of American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), corporate takeovers with a concomitant reduction in the number of shares available for trade and an increasing country risk that has frightened investors, particularly foreign investors. Daily trading volume decreased from the equivalent of $25 to $30 million in 1997 to less than $1 million by 2000. The BVC survived during this period thanks to a growing trade of government debt securities. Stock prices, measured by the Indice Bursátil Caracas, were also depressed during the 1990s and have yet to recover to the highest ever levels experienced in 1991. According to the International Finance Corporation, the market value of the BVC was $7 billion in 2000, or just about 6 percent of GDP. In 2005 total transactions on the BVC totaled USD$438 million.
Electronic Exchange
BVC has been completely electronic since February 1992, when a modern electronic trading system developed by the Vancouver Stock Exchange entered operations. On July 2, 1999 another technological change was made when the SIBE (Sistema Integrado Bursátil Electrónico), electronic trading system was officially incorporated into the Caracas Stock Exchange.
See also
List of stock exchanges in the Americas
Notes
External links
Official Page
Stock exchanges in South America
Economy of Venezuela
Financial services companies of Venezuela
Caracas
Financial services companies established in 1947
1947 establishments in Venezuela
Companies listed on the Caracas Stock Exchange
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4010093
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STEP%20Eiken
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STEP Eiken
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— informally, ; often called STEP Eiken or the STEP Test — is an English language test conducted by a Japanese public-interest incorporated foundation, the Eiken Foundation of Japan (formerly the Society for Testing English Proficiency, Inc. [STEP]), and backed by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT).
Format and contents
Eiken is a criterion-referenced test. There are seven levels that examinees either pass or fail. The levels (級 kyū) are called grades:
Eiken is a four-skills test, assessing a combination of receptive and productive skills. In addition to reading, listening and speaking tests, Grades 1, Pre-1 and 2 include a handwritten composition task.
Eiken in Japan
In Japan, Eiken is conducted three times a year: January/February, June/July, and October/November. There are two stages in the test, the first stage (vocabulary, reading, listening, and writing) and the second stage (speaking, applicants for Grade 4 or 5 are exempted). Only those who pass the first stage can progress to the second stage. The second stage is conducted about one month after the first stage. Applicants who pass both stages receive certification.
English teachers in junior high schools and high schools in Japan often encourage their students to take the Eiken. Approximately 18,000 schools serve as test sites. Japanese high schools and universities often grant preferential status to student applicants who have passed a specified Eiken grade, such as waiving the English portion of the school's entrance examination.
In its 2003 strategic initiative "Japanese with English Abilities" and 2011 follow-up , MEXT designated Eiken Grade 3 as a benchmark proficiency level for junior high school graduates, Grades 2 and Pre-2 for high school graduates, and Grade Pre-1 for English teachers.
In fiscal 2010, examinees for all Eiken grades totaled approximately 2.3 million. According to the Eiken website, the test has been taken by over 100 million applicants since its inception in 1963.
Eiken outside Japan
A number of schools outside Japan use Eiken as an admission qualification for international students. In Canada and the United States, approximately 400 colleges and universities recognize Eiken Grade 2, Grade 2A, Grade Pre-1, and/or Grade 1 for incoming students, as of 2021. In Australia, the state of New South Wales recognizes Eiken at all Technical and Further Education (TAFE) institutes and all state high schools. The test is also used at institutions in Queensland, Tasmania, Victoria, and Western Australia.
The success of the Eiken model has attracted attention from other Asian countries. The Korea Times in 2009 quoted Ahn Byong-man, Minister of Education, Science and Technology, that a new national English test being developed by the Korean Education Ministry is based on the Eiken.
Research on the Eiken tests
In recent years, a number of large-scale research projects have been undertaken by the Eiken Foundation, either as in-house projects or through research grants to international testing specialists. An outline of recent projects is given on the Eiken website under the heading Demonstrating validity, a list of recent projects, and includes a list of references for where results have been reported, including in edited books and peer-reviewed professional journals and presentations at research conferences. A list of research projects commissioned by Eiken in Japan is published on the website of the Eiken English Education Research Center.
In 2003, work was begun on the Eiken Can-do List. The finished list, published in 2006, is based on a survey of 20,000 Eiken certificate holders and is designed to investigate what “test takers believe they can accomplish in English in real-life language use situations.” The list is also available in Japanese. More recent projects include an evaluation of the Eiken testing program carried out by international testing specialist Professor James D. Brown and a number of criterion-referenced validity studies investigating the relationship between the Eiken grades and other criterion measures of English ability.
The Eiken Foundation has also conducted research into the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR). A comparison of Eiken Grades with the levels of the CEFR is provided on the Eiken website along with a description of the research supporting the claim of relevance between the various Eiken grades and the CEFR. A report on the same project is also available in Japanese.
The Eiken Foundation administers a system of grants for independent research projects carried out by educators. Grants are not restricted to research on the Eiken tests, or testing in general, and are available for various projects investigating aspects of language education and suggestions for improving teaching and testing in Japan. Information on how to apply is available on the Eiken Japanese website. Reports on these projects are published online in the journal EIKEN BULLETIN.
Other English proficiency tests
IELTS, International English Language Testing System
GTEC, Global Test of English Communication
TOEIC, Test of English for International Communication
TOEFL, Test of English as a Foreign Language
WIDA MODEL, (Measure of Developing English Language) Kindergarten - Grade 12
TrackTest, English Proficiency Test Online
TSE, Test of Spoken English
UBELT University of Bath English Language Test.
University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations
Trinity College London ESOL
United Nations Associations Test of English
References
Testing and exams in Japan
English language tests
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4010097
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese%3A%20The%20Spoken%20Language
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Japanese: The Spoken Language
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Japanese: The Spoken Language (JSL) is an introductory textbook series for learning Japanese. JSL was written by Eleanor Harz Jorden in collaboration with Mari Noda. Part 1 was published in 1987 by Yale Language Press, Part 2 in 1988, and Part 3 in 1990. The series differs from most Japanese language textbooks in many ways, most basically in that it focuses exclusively on the spoken language and leaves discussion of any aspect of the written language to other textbooks, such as the parallel series Japanese: The Written Language (JWL).
The textbook is controversial both among students of the language and among pedagogical researchers. Detractors of the textbook take issue with its usage of rōmaji, the complex grammatical explanations, the emphasis on memorization, and the relatively small number of vocabulary items (among other things). However, these same points are cited as strengths of the textbook by supporters. The approach is based on Jorden's decades of experience in teaching Japanese and pedagogical research, and was preceded by her 1960s textbook, Beginning Japanese, which JSL supersedes.
Features
Beyond the focus on the spoken language alone, the text has a number of unusual features.
The text is centered around a sequence of dialogs and grammar drills, which are practiced and memorized, and detailed linguistic analysis of Japanese grammar. Vocabulary is taught in the context of these dialogs, rather than as isolated lists. This approach – dialogs and pattern practice – is heavily influenced by the audio-lingual method (ALM), which has since fallen out of favor, though the text is not strictly speaking an ALM text, providing grammar explanations rather than only memorization, for instance.
The terminology is at times non-standard – for example, 形容動詞 are referred to as na-nominals, as they behave grammatically almost identically to 名詞 (nouns), which are clearly nominals. This choice has some support in Japanese scholarship, though traditionally these words are referred to as "na-adjectives" or "adjectival nouns". Similarly, the gender differences in spoken Japanese are referred to as blunt/gentle, rather than male/female.
Another example of grammatically correct but non-standard pedagogical choices is that Japanese adjectives are translated not to English adjectives, but to English predicates, as this is how they function grammatically in Japanese when not preceding a noun. For example, 小さい (chiisai) is translated as "is small", rather than simply "small". (For adjectives preceding a noun, this choice of translation would naturally be inaccurate.)
The book is written exclusively in romaji, making no use of kana or kanji, though kana plus kanji text is available as supplementary texts. The form of romaji used is based closely on the Nihon-shiki form of romanization (which is often used in Japan), but which differs from Hepburn romanization, which is more commonly used in English-speaking countries. The romanization system attempts to follow the Japanese syllable structure to simplify grammatical relationships, rather than attempting to represent the sound. For example, ち is represented by "ti", as it falls into the たちつてと "t-" series, which is uniformly represented in JSL as ta/ti/tu/te/to, though ち is pronounced closer to English "chi" (as in "cheese"), rather than "ti" (as in "tee" or "tea"); in Hepburn these are represented as ta/chi/tsu/te/to, which are phonetically more suggestive (following standard English orthography), but obscure the Japanese syllable structure. In JSL, the text is intended only as a reference, not a guide to pronunciation, with the audio instead being the pronunciation guide.
Another uncommon feature of the text is that it emphasizes Japanese pitch accent in the words, according to standard Japanese.
References
Japanese: The Spoken Language Part 1 by Jorden and Noda, Book Review by T. J. Nelson
External links
Audio lessons
Part 1, Lessons 1-12
Part 2, Lessons 13-24
Part 3, Lessons 25-30
Japanese language learning resources
1987 non-fiction books
Yale University Press books
Linguistics textbooks
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4010106
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covenant%20of%20the%20League%20of%20Nations
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Covenant of the League of Nations
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The Covenant of the League of Nations was the charter of the League of Nations. It was signed on 28 June 1919 as Part I of the Treaty of Versailles, and became effective together with the rest of the Treaty on 10 January 1920.
Creation
Early drafts for a possible League of Nations began even before the end of the First World War. The London-based Bryce Group made proposals adopted by the British League of Nations Society, founded in 1915. Another group in the United States—which included Hamilton Holt and William B. Howland at the Century Association in New York City—had their own plan. This plan was largely supported by the League to Enforce Peace, an organization led by former U.S. President William Howard Taft. In December 1916, Lord Robert Cecil suggested that an official committee be set up to draft a covenant for a future league. The British committee was finally appointed in February 1918; it was led by Walter Phillimore (and became known as the Phillimore Committee) but also included Eyre Crowe, William Tyrrell, and Cecil Hurst. U.S. President Woodrow Wilson was not impressed with the Phillimore Committee's report, and would eventually produce three draft covenants of his own with help from his friend Colonel House. Further suggestions were made by Jan Christiaan Smuts in December 1918.
At the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, a commission was appointed to agree on a covenant. Members included Woodrow Wilson (as chair), Colonel House (representing the U.S.), Robert Cecil and Jan Smuts (British Empire), Léon Bourgeois and Ferdinand Larnaude (France), Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando and Vittorio Scialoja (Italy), Foreign Minister Makino Nobuaki and Chinda Sutemi (Japan), Paul Hymans (Belgium), Epitácio Pessoa (Brazil), Wellington Koo (China), Jayme Batalha Reis (Portugal), and Milenko Radomar Vesnitch (Serbia). Further representatives of Czechoslovakia, Greece, Poland and Romania were later added. The group considered a preliminary draft co-written by Hurst and President Wilson's adviser David Hunter Miller. During the first four months of 1919 the group met on ten separate occasions, attempting to negotiate the exact terms of the foundational Covenant agreement for the future League.
During the ensuing negotiations various major objections arose from various countries. France wanted the League to form an international army to enforce its decisions, but the British worried such an army would be dominated by the French, and the Americans could not agree as only Congress could declare war. Japan requested that a clause upholding the principle of racial equality should be inserted, parallel to the existing religious equality clause. This was deeply opposed, particularly by American political sentiment, while Wilson himself simply ignored the question.
During a certain interval while Wilson was away, the question of international equality was raised once again. A vote on a motion supporting the "equality of nations and the just treatment of their nationals" was made, and was supported by 11 of the 19 delegates. Upon Wilson's return he declared that "serious objections" by other delegates had negated the majority vote, and the amendment was dismissed. Finally on April 11, 1919, the revised Hurst-Miller draft was approved, but without fully resolving certain questions as had been brought forth regarding matters such as national equality, racial equality, and how the new League might be able to practically enforce its various mandates.
The new League would include a General Assembly (representing all member states), an Executive Council (with membership limited to major powers), and a permanent secretariat. Member states were expected to "respect and preserve as against external aggression" the territorial integrity of other members, and to disarm "to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety". All states were required to submit complaints for arbitration or judicial inquiry before going to war. The Executive Council would create a Permanent Court of International Justice to make judgements on the disputes.
The treaty entered into force on 10 January 1920. Articles 4, 6, 12, 13, and 15 were amended in 1924. The treaty shares similar provisions and structures with the UN Charter.
Article X
Article X of the Covenant of the League of Nations obliged members of the League "to respect and preserve as against external aggression the territorial integrity and existing political independence of all Members of the League." It was noted that a League of Nations member was not bound to assist a fellow member in combating internal secessionists, but also meant that no country should provide assistance to such rebels. It was also understood that if any League of Nations member was defeated while undertaking an aggressive war, the Covenant didn't protect that defeated member against the consequence of a loss of territory and political independence.
U.S. President Woodrow Wilson had secured his proposal to apply to become part of the League of Nations in the final draft of the Treaty of Versailles, but the United States Senate refused to consent to the ratification of the Treaty. For many Republicans in the Senate, Article X was the most objectionable provision. Their objections were based on the fact that, by ratifying such a document, the United States would be bound by an international contract to defend a League of Nations member if it was attacked. Henry Cabot Lodge from Massachusetts and Frank B. Brandegee from Connecticut led the fight in the U.S. Senate against ratification, believing that it was best not to become involved in international conflicts. Under the United States Constitution, the President of the United States may not ratify a treaty unless the Senate, by a two-thirds vote, gives its advice and consent. In fact, the intent of Article X was to preserve a balance of power by preventing one country from invading another (e.g. Germany invading Belgium and France); it did not take away the right of the United States to wage war.
Article XXII
Article XXII referred to the creation of Mandate territories, which were given over to be administered by European powers.
Though most Mandates were given to countries such as Britain and France, which possessed considerable colonial empires, the Covenant made the clear distinction that a Mandate territory was not a colony.
The Covenant asserted that such territories were "inhabited by peoples not yet able to stand by themselves under the strenuous conditions of the modern world" and so "the tutelage of such peoples should be entrusted to advanced nations who by reason of their resources, their experience or their geographical position can best undertake this responsibility" as "a sacred trust of civilization".
Mandate territories were sorted into several sub-categories:
"Communities formerly belonging to the Turkish Empire" were considered "to have reached a stage of development where their existence as independent nations could be provisionally recognized" and the Mandatory powers were charged with "rendering administrative advice and assistance until such time as they are able to stand alone".
Regarding "Other peoples, especially those of Central Africa" the Mandatory powers were charged to "guarantee freedom of conscience and religion, subject only to the maintenance of public order and morals, the prohibition of abuses such as the slave trade, the arms traffic and the liquor traffic, and the prevention of the establishment of fortifications or military and naval bases and of military training of the natives for other than police purposes and the defence of territory", and no mention was made of any eventual independence.
With regard to "Territories, such as South-West Africa and certain of the South Pacific Islands", they were assumed "owing to the sparseness of their population, or their small size, or their remoteness from the centres of civilisation, or their geographical contiguity to the territory of the Mandatory, and other circumstances" to be "best administered under the laws of the Mandatory as integral portions of its territory, subject to the safeguards above mentioned in the interests of the indigenous population". The reference to "geographical contiguity to the territory of the Mandatory" clearly related to South-West Africa (now Namibia) being made a Mandate of South Africa, rather than of Britain.
See also
Charter of the United Nations
General Act for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes
Peace treaty
Treaty series
References
External links
The Covenant of the League of Nations from the Yale Avalon Project
Primary Documents: Covenant of the League of Nations, 1919–24 from FirstWorldWar.com
Treaties concluded in 1919
Treaties entered into force in 1920
League of Nations
Treaties of Argentina
Treaties of Belgium
Treaties of Bolivia
Treaties of the First Brazilian Republic
Treaties of the United Kingdom (1801–1922)
Treaties of Australia
Treaties of Canada
Treaties of the Union of South Africa
Treaties of Chile
Treaties of the Republic of China (1912–1949)
Treaties of Colombia
Treaties of Cuba
Treaties of Czechoslovakia
Treaties of Denmark
Treaties of El Salvador
Treaties of the French Third Republic
Treaties of Haiti
Treaties of Honduras
Treaties of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)
Treaties of the Empire of Japan
Treaties of Liberia
Treaties of the Netherlands
Treaties of Nicaragua
Treaties of Norway
Treaties of Panama
Treaties of Paraguay
Treaties of Peru
Treaties of the Second Polish Republic
Treaties of the Kingdom of Romania
Treaties of Thailand
Treaties of Spain under the Restoration
Treaties of Sweden
Treaties of Switzerland
Treaties of Uruguay
Treaties of Venezuela
Treaties of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Treaties of the Qajar dynasty
League of Nations
Treaties of the Kingdom of Bulgaria
Treaties of Costa Rica
Treaties of Finland
Treaties of Luxembourg
Treaties of the First Austrian Republic
Treaties of Estonia
Treaties of Latvia
Treaties of Lithuania
Treaties of the Irish Free State
Treaties of the Ethiopian Empire
Treaties of the Dominican Republic
Treaties of the Weimar Republic
Treaties of Mexico
Treaties of Turkey
Treaties of the Kingdom of Iraq
Treaties of the Soviet Union
Treaties of the Kingdom of Afghanistan
Treaties of Ecuador
Treaties of the Kingdom of Egypt
Treaties of the Principality of Albania
Treaties of the Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)
Treaties of British India
League of Nations
Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)
Jan Smuts
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4010121
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangita%20Ratnakara
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Sangita Ratnakara
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The Sangita-Ratnakara, सङ्गीतरत्नाकर, (IAST: Saṅgīta ratnākara), literally "Ocean of Music and Dance", is one of the most important musicological texts from India. Composed by Śārṅgadeva (शार्ङ्गदेव) in Sanskrit during the 13th century, both Carnatic music amd Hindustani music traditions of Indian classical music regard it as a definitive text. The author was a part of the court of King Singhana II (1210–1247) of the Yādava dynasty whose capital was Devagiri, Maharashtra.
The text is divided into seven chapters. The first six chapters, Svaragatadhyaya, Ragavivekadhyaya, Prakirnakadhyaya, Prabandhadhyaya, Taladhyaya and Vadyadhyaya deal with the various aspects of music and musical instruments, while the last chapter Nartanadhyaya deals with dance. The medieval era text is one of the most complete historical Indian treatises on the structure, technique, and reasoning on music theory that has survived into the modern era, and is a comprehensive voluminous text on ragas (chapter 2) and talas (chapter 5).
The text is comprehensive synthesis of ancient and medieval musical knowledge of India. The text has been frequently quoted by later Indian musicologists in their music and dance-related literature. Significant commentaries on the text include the Sangitasudhakara of Simhabhupala () and the Kalanidhi of Kallinatha ().
Author
Sangita Ratnakara was written by Śārṅgadeva, also spelled Sarangadeva or Sharangadeva. Śārṅgadeva was born in a Brahmin family of Kashmir. In the era of Islamic invasion of the northwest regions of the Indian subcontinent and the start of Delhi Sultanate, his family migrated south and settled in the Hindu kingdom in the Deccan region near Ellora Caves (Maharashtra). Śārṅgadeva worked as an accountant with freedom to pursue his music interests in the court of King Singhana II (1210–1247) of the Yadava dynasty.
Content
The text is a Sanskrit treatise on Sangita (IAST: Sańgīta), or music-related performance arts tradition. Sangita is stated by the text as a composite performance art consisting of Gita (melodic forms, song), Vadya (instrumental music) and Nrtta (dance, movement).
The 13th-century Sangita Ratnakara classifies Sangita into two kinds: Marga-sangita and Desi-sangita. Marga refers to the classical techniques taught by Bharata in Natya Shastra. Desi Sangita refers to regional improvisations that may not follow the classical rules and structure for the music and performance arts.
The text has seven chapters:
Svaragatādhyāya (sound system)
Rāgavivekādhyāya (raga)
Prakīrņakādhyāya (performing practice)
Prabandhādhyāya (compositions, poetic meter)
Tālādhyāya (tala)
Vādyādhyāya (musical instruments)
Nartanādhyāya (dance)
The first chapter has eight sections. It opens with reverential verses to the Hindu god Shiva, who is called the "embodiment of sound, sung about by the entire world" and the one delighting according to the Vedas. The author pays homage to his ancestors, then to ancient scholars such as Bharata, Matanga, Dattila and Narada, as well as major gods and goddesses of Hinduism in first section of the first chapter. In the second section, there is hardly any mention of music or dance, rather Sarngadeva presents his metaphysical and physiological beliefs, as well as credits the origin of music to the Samaveda. He presents musical topics and definitions of musical concepts starting with section three of the first chapter, with frequent mentions of Shiva and the Hindu goddess Saraswati.
According to Sarngadeva's verses 27-30 of the section 1.1, song is everywhere, in the cry of a baby, in the beats of nature, in the pulse of life, in every human act of Dharma, Artha, Kama and Moksha. The sections 3 through 8 of the first chapter describe nada (sound), svara (tone), śruti (microinterval), gramas (primary scales), murcchanas (derivative scales), varna (color), jati (mode), alankara (embellishment), giti (singing styles), meters and other basic musical concepts.
The suddha (pristine) svaras are those in the Sama Veda, states the text.
The mammoth text describes 253 ragas in chapter 2, while chapter 5 presents all classical (marga) and 120 regional Talas. Chapter 3 opens with a summary of sangita practice in the Vedic literature, then presents the post-Vedic developments and recommendations for practice. It includes a description of theatre design, make up and decoration of the artists, performance standards for instrumentalists and singers, as well as methods for improvising on a musical theme.
In the 6th chapter, Sarang Deva describes the ancient and pre-13th century musical instruments of India into four class of musical instruments: chordophones, aerophones, membranophones and idiophones. He mentions physical description of the instruments, how to play them and the repertoire that best flows with each musical instrument. In the 7th chapter of this massive text is a relatively brief description of classical and regional dance forms of India, including Kathak. Its dance chapter describes expressive styles, posture and body language as a form of silent communication of ideas, the rasa theory categorized through nine emotions, and the art of individual movements of a dancer.
According to Peter Fletcher – a professor of Music and Drama, the Sangita Ratnakara states that "the composer was expected to be a competent performer, but he also made clear that the composer was expected to know his audience, and how their minds work, rising above his own likes and dislikes, in order to bring delight to everyone". Sarangadeva's views on music, states Fletcher, exemplified ideas in the Bhagavad Gita relating to non-attachment.
Importance
Sańgītaratnākara is a very important text and this is evident from the many commentaries written on it. It remains as a reference text in the contemporary times among the Indian musicologists and music schools.
The text attracted secondary literature called bhasya in the Indian tradition. Two of the many commentaries on the text have been translated into English. These are Sańgītasudhākara of Simbabhūpāla and Kalānidhi of Kallinātha. Sańgītaratnākara compiles information found in earlier works like Nāţyaśāstra, Dattilam, Bŗhaddēśī, Sarasvatī-hŗdayālańkāra-hāra, ideas of Abhinavagupta on Nāţyaśāstra, as well as others. Sarangdeva expanded the more ancient and medieval ideas as well, such as with his ideas on lasyas. The text forms a useful bridge between the ancient, medieval and the post-13th century periods of music history in India.
See also
Dance of India
Hindu texts
Indian classical dance
Indian classical music
Sangita Makarandha
Music of India
References
Bibliography
,
External links
Hindu texts
Indian classical music
Indian non-fiction books
13th century in music
Hindustani music literature
Carnatic music
13th-century books
Music books
Sanskrit texts
Indian music history
Music guides
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4010136
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmas
|
Salmas
|
Salmas (; ; ; ; ) is the capital of Salmas County, West Azerbaijan Province in Iran. It is located northwest of Lake Urmia, near Turkey. According to the 2019 census, the city's population is 127,864. The majority of the population is composed of Azerbaijanis and Kurds with some Armenians, Assyrians, and Jews.
History
Etymology and early history
According to Encyclopædia Britannica the earliest historic recognition of Salmas could be found at the time of Ardashir I's reign (224–242 AD) via a petroglyph of him on horseback while receiving surrender of the Parthian personage. In another contribution by Britannica, on an animated political map of Sassanid Empire at the time of Shapur I's reign (240–270 AD), Salmas is markedly acknowledged as one of the renown and apparently important cities of the empire with the same original name as now. There is a speculation that the nickname of the city, Shapur, might be derived from the name of this king (of kings) of Persia.
Salmas was held by the Kurdish Rawadid dynasty and frequented by the Hadhabani tribe in the 10-11th centuries. Al-Maqdisi described it as a Kurdish town who had built a wall around the city.
Another Mention of the city was made in 1281, when its Assyrian bishop made the trip to the consecration of the Assyrian Church of the East patriarch Yaballaha in Baghdad.
In the Battle of Salmas on 17–18 September 1429, the Kara Koyunlu were defeated by Shah Rukh who was consolidating Timurid holdings west of Lake Urmia. However, the area was retaken by the Kara Koyunlu in 1447 after the death of Shah Rukh.
Mar Shimun, the Patriarch of the Assyrian Church of the East was murdered by the Kurdish chieftain Simko Shikak in Salmas in March 1918.<ref>O'Shea, Maria T. (2004) "Trapped Between the Map and Reality: Geography and Perceptions of Kurdistan Routledge, New York, page 100, </ref>
Around the advent of the 1910s, Imperial Russia started to station infantry and Cossacks in Salmas. The Russians retreated at the time of Enver Pasha's offensive in the Iran-Caucasus region, but returned in early 1916, and stayed up to the wake of the Russian Revolution.
Geography
Salmas in early atlases
The atlases below are some of the earliest maps to have been ever sketched to show the territory and originality of the name of Salmas and are some of the strongest documents providing proofs to some basic facts about the city including its existence and identity.
Climate
Under the Köppen climate classification, using the isotherm, Salmas features a continental climate (Dsa''), and is thus the one of the few cities in the Middle East and one of the 6 in the country with this categorization.
Notable people
Esfandiar Imanzadeh (b. 1966) – Sculptor
Stepanos V of Salmast (d. 1567) – Catholicos of the Armenian Apostolic Church
Yohannan Gabriel (1758–1833) – Chaldean Catholic bishop of Salmas
Nicholas I Zaya (d. 1855) – Patriarch of Babylon of the Chaldeans
Raffi (1835–1888) – Armenian novelist
Paul Bedjan (1838–1920) – Chaldean Catholic priest and orientalist
Abraham Guloyan (1893–1983) – politician
Murad Kostanyan (1902–1989) – actor
Ardeshir Ovanessian (c. 1905–1990) – Communist leader
Timur Lakestani (1915–2011) – aka Father of Iranian Electrical Industry
Jafar Salmasi (1918–2000) – weightlifter
Emmanuel Agassi (1930–2021) – boxer and father of Andre Agassi
Hadi Asghari (b. 1981) – football player
Gallery
See also
1930 Salmas earthquake
Nor Shirakan
Battle of Dilman
Assyrian homeland
Khoy Khanate
References
Sources
External links
Salmas famous people
"Salmas Map – Satellite Images of Salmas", Maplandia
Populated places in Salmas County
Cities in West Azerbaijan Province
Mass murder in 1915
Kurdish settlements in West Azerbaijan Province
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4010162
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronus%20%28disambiguation%29
|
Cronus (disambiguation)
|
Cronus was the leader and the youngest of the first generation of Titans in Greek mythology, and the father of Zeus, Poseidon, Hades, Hestia, Demeter, and Hera.
Cronus may also refer to:
Cronus (Stargate), a character in the science fiction television series Stargate SG-1
Cronus, tarantula owned by British politician Gavin Williamson that led to Williamson being criticised by Parliamentary authorities when he brought it to the Houses of Parliament while serving as Chief Whip
Communications RF on board networks utilization specialist (CRONUS) for the International Space Station
See also
John Kronus, wrestler
Kronus, where Warhammer 40,000: Dawn of War: Dark Crusade takes place
Cronos (disambiguation)
Chronos
Khronos (disambiguation)
Kronos (disambiguation)
|
4010174
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20III%20%282007%20film%29
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Richard III (2007 film)
|
Richard III is a 2007 crime drama film written and directed by Scott M. Anderson, set in contemporary Hollywood as a modern-day retelling of William Shakespeare's Richard III.
Filming took place over a three-week period in 2005, with post-production taking place during 2006. The film's world premiere was April 27, 2007 at World Fest Houston, where it won Platinum Awards for "First Feature Film" for Scott Anderson and "Best Film Score" for Penka Kouneva.
Plot
Cast
David Carradine as Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham
Sally Kirkland as Queen Margaret
María Conchita Alonso as Queen Elizabeth
Scott M. Anderson as Richard III
Anne Jeffreys as Duchess of York
Richard Tyson as George, Duke of Clarence
Sung Hi Lee as Anne Neville
Natalie Burn as Natasha
Marco Sanchez as Richmond
Mike Muscat as Archbishop
Daniela Melgoza as Princess Elizabeth
Steven Williams as Lord Stanley
Navid Negahban as Sir James Tyrrel
Jennifer Sciole as Margaret
Miranda Kwok as Portia
Danny Trejo as Major
Miranda Kwok as Portia
Annie Little as Herbert
Tim Storms as Lord Norfolk
Tyson Sullivan as York Subordinate
{(Dee Mas)} as The York Subordinate and Silloette Fighter/Dancer
Tammy Barr as Noble daughter
Luca Bercovici as Brackenbury
Kathleen Davis as Club Goer
Vincent De Paul as Lancaster FBI Guard
Oliver Goodwill as York Subordinate
Kym Jackson as Dukes Escort
Peter Jason as Ringside Announcer
TQ as DJ
Bruno Oliver as The Keeper
Reception
In 2007 it won Platinum Awards for 'First Feature Film' for Scott Anderson and 'Best Film Score' for Penka Kouneva at the 40th Worldfest Independent Film Festival
See also
Richard III
Shakespeare on screen
References
External links
2007 films
Modern adaptations of works by William Shakespeare
Films based on Richard III (play)
Films set in Los Angeles
2007 crime drama films
American crime drama films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films
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4010191
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toutle%20River
|
Toutle River
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The Toutle River is a tributary of the Cowlitz River in the U.S. state of Washington. It rises in two forks merging near Toutle below Mount St. Helens and joins the Cowlitz near Castle Rock, upstream of the larger river's confluence with the Columbia River.
The river was altered by the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, a nearby volcano, and subsequent flows of ash and other debris. It was further altered by dredging to remove sediment, and by construction of the Toutle River Sediment Retention Structure on the North Fork Toutle River.
Course
The Toutle River begins at the confluence of the North Fork Toutle River and the South Fork Toutle River near the community of Toutle. The forks originate on Mount St. Helens in Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, and flow generally west to form the main stem, which continues generally west, with significant north–south deviations. The town of Toutle lies to the left of the river at river mile (RM) 17.2 or river kilometer (RK) 27.7.
At first the Toutle River flows north for about along the base of Beigle Mountain, which is on its right. The river continues generally north until, at about RM 13 (RK 21), it begins a sweeping turn to the southwest. For the next several miles, Tower Road runs along the right bank of the river, and at about RM 10 (RK 16) Tower Cemetery is on the right. Downstream of the cemetery, the river passes through Hollywood Gorge, where Rock Creek enters from the right. The river continues southwest through RM 7 (RK 11), where it receives Stankey Creek from the left.
The Toutle River then turns west, passing under Tower Road and receiving Cline Creek from the right. Over the next stretch, Burma Road is on the right. Over its final , the Toutle meanders generally southwest through large deposits of sand. The stream passes under Barnes Drive and then Interstate 5 before entering the Cowlitz River about upstream from the city of Castle Rock. Below the confluence, the Cowlitz continues for , entering the Columbia River about from its mouth on the Pacific Ocean.
Discharge
The United States Geological Survey monitors the flow of the Toutle River at a stream gauge at RM 6.5 (RK 10.5). The average flow of the river is . This is from a drainage area of , about 81 percent of the total Toutle River watershed. The maximum flow recorded there was on Feb. 8, 1996, and the minimum flow was on Oct. 14, 1987. This data covers a 30-year period that began in 1981, after the volcanic eruption. Extremes outside the period of record include two large floods on May 18, 1980, related to volcanic mud flows that came down the South Fork and then the North Fork, spaced nine hours apart.
Volcanic sediment
The eruption of Mount St. Helens and subsequent lahars poured vast amounts of sediment into the Toutle. The United States Army Corps of Engineers dredged sediment from the river and built the $65 million Toutle River Sediment Retention Structure on the North Fork Toutle River to prevent debris from continuing downstream.
Part of the same engineering works is a tunnel to drain Spirit Lake, on the north side of the volcano, after the eruption blocked the lake's natural outlet.
Gallery
See also
North Fork Toutle River
List of rivers of Washington
List of tributaries of the Columbia River
Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument
References
Rivers of Washington (state)
Rivers of Cowlitz County, Washington
Mount St. Helens
Gifford Pinchot National Forest
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4010195
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua%20Glover
|
Joshua Glover
|
Joshua Glover was a fugitive slave from St. Louis, Missouri, who sought asylum in Racine, Wisconsin, in 1852. Upon learning his whereabouts in 1854, slave owner Bennami Garland attempted to use the Fugitive Slave Act to recover him. Glover was captured and taken to a Milwaukee jail. On March 18, 1854 a mob incited by Sherman Booth broke into the jail and rescued Glover, who was taken secretly back to Racine, from where he traveled by boat to Canada. He spent most of the remainder of his life in Etobicoke, Ontario working as a farm laborer and marrying twice. He died in 1888 in the York County Industrial Home and his body in error was given to the Toronto School of Medicine. He is buried in Toronto's St. James Cemetery.
The rescue of Glover and the federal government's subsequent attempt to prosecute Booth helped to galvanize the abolitionist movement in the state. Eventually, through the state Supreme Court, Wisconsin declared that the Fugitive Slave Act was unconstitutional, the only state to do so.
A Wisconsin Historical Marker at Cathedral Square Park in Milwaukee marks the site of the original court house and jail where Joshua Glover was imprisoned by federal marshals, and later rescued by a mob of 5,000 people. Efforts are underway to create a park monument which meets the National Park Service's requirements for an official National Underground Railroad Network to Freedom site.
See also
Jerry Rescue
List of slaves
References
Further reading
Baker, H. Robert. The Rescue of Joshua Glover: A Fugitive Slave, the Constitution and the Coming of the Civil War Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 2006.
Jackson, Ruby West and Walter T. McDonald. "Finding Freedom: The Untold Story of Joshua Glover, Runaway Slave". Wisconsin Magazine of History, vol. 90, no. 3 (Spring 2007), pp. 48–52.
External links
Rescue of Joshua Glover
Group seeks to remember rescued slave
Joshua Glover's 1854 Journey on the Underground Railroad: As Told by One of His Conductors, Chauncy C. Olin
Wisconsin Court System
Freedom Heights (A Song for Joshua Glover).</ref>
Fugitive American slaves
African-American history of Wisconsin
Pro-fugitive slave riots and civil disorder in the United States
Fugitive American slaves that reached Canada
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4010196
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenlawn
|
Greenlawn
|
Greenlawn may refer to:
Greenlawn, Missouri
Greenlawn, New York
Greenlawn (Middletown, Delaware), a historic house
Greenlawn (Amite City, Louisiana), a historic mansion
See also
Greenlawn Cemetery (disambiguation)
Trinity School at Greenlawn, South Bend, Indiana
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4010200
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayu
|
Dayu
|
Dayu may refer to:
Dayu, Banmauk, Sagaing Region, Burma
Yu (Stargate), a Goa'uld System Lord in the TV show Stargate SG-1
Softstar (大宇資訊), a Chinese language video game developer and publisher.
China
Yu the Great (大禹), legendary monarch of the Xia Dynasty
Dayu County (大余县), in Ganzhou, Jiangxi
Dayu, Handan (大峪镇), town in Fengfeng Mining District, Handan, Hebei
Dayu, Rudong County (大豫镇), town in Rudong County, Jiangsu
Dayu, Yangqu County (大盂镇), town in Yangqu County, Shanxi
Iran
Dayu, Ardabil, a village in Ardabil Province, Iran
Dayu, Bushehr, a village in Bushehr Province, Iran
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4010212
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greentown
|
Greentown
|
Greentown may refer to:
Greentown, Indiana, town in Howard County, Indiana, United States
Greentown, Ohio, census-designated place in Stark County, Ohio, United States
Greentown, Jefferson County, Ohio, unincorporated community in Jefferson County, Ohio, United States
Greentown, Pennsylvania
Greentown China, a property developer headquartered in Hangzhou, China
Hangzhou Greentown F.C., Chinese football club
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4010227
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les%20Rallizes%20D%C3%A9nud%C3%A9s
|
Les Rallizes Dénudés
|
were a Japanese rock band formed in 1967 at Kyoto's Doshisha University.
History
Les Rallizes Dénudés was formed in 1967 by a group of students at Kyoto's Doshisha University. Initially, the band planned to record in a studio, but after being dissatisfied with the results, agreed to exclusively play live shows.
The band was initially active between 1967 and 1988, and then again briefly between 1993 and 1996 before permanently disbanding. It is believed that the band's name comes from a corruption of (literally "naked suitcases") which was derived from fake French slang invented by theatrical group Gendai Gekijo. The band's style is typified by simple, repetitious instrumental passages, shrieking, cacophonous guitar feedback and folk arrangement. Their discography is made up mostly of live bootlegs, soundboard archives, and even a few rare aborted studio recording attempts as they have never officially released any of their material, although there are archive releases on independent labels such as Univive, Rivista, Phoenix, and Bamboo, as well as releases from former members and affiliates of the band.
Although the band itself was not explicitly political, members were known to participate in various protests, with the band even performing at a university auditorium while it was held by students during a protest. In 1970, original bassist Moriaki Wakabayashi, who was known to have attended several of these protests, assisted in the hijacking of Japan Airlines Flight 351 orchestrated by the Communist League's "Red Army Faction."
Very little is known about the band's frontman Takashi Mizutani, aside from his former affiliation with members of the Japanese Red Army and involvement early on in theater at Doshisha University. After the hijacking of Flight 351, Mizutani became extremely paranoid and went into hiding for many years, only occasionally emerging to play shows. The last public appearances of Takashi Mizutani were two live performances in 1997 with jazz saxophonist Arthur Doyle and drummer Sabu Toyozumi.
A film about the band was released on VHS in 1992 by an independent filmmaker named Ethan Mousiké (who many believe to be a pseudonym of Mizutani), consisting of over 2 hours of live footage of the band.
In October 2021, an official website was launched for the band by record label The Last One Musique, claiming to be a collaborative effort by former band members and associates of Mizutani. It announced its intention to release official Rallizes recordings with "more alive and striking sound than the bootlegs that have been circulating over twenty years". The website states on its homepage that Mizutani passed away in 2019, and this is further supported by statements from Aquilha Mochizuki, a photographer very close to Mizutani. In a 2020 interview, former member Makoto Kubota (who is himself credited on the official website) stated that he had recently had a phone call with Mizutani, in which he told him "this is how it is in America right now," referring to the popularity of the band in that country, and that it's even possible for the band to play a large concert there. The article was updated on 28 October 2021 to state that the phone calls had taken place in late 2019.
Discography
Official releases
Releases that are stated to be authorized or released officially by the band.
1991 – '67–'69 Studio et Live (Rivista, CD)
1991 – Mizutani / Les Rallizes Dénudés (Rivista, CD)
1991 – '77 Live (Rivista, CD)
1992 – Les Rallizes Dénudés (VHS)
1996 – "Romance of the Black Grief (Otherwise Fallin' Love With)" (7")
2021 – "White Awakening" (Digital, Single)
2022 – "Vertigo Otherwise My Conviction" (Digital, Single)
2022 - "The Oz Tapes" (Digital, Album)
Bootleg releases
Significant or well-known bootlegs include:
Blind Baby Has Its Mother's Eyes
Cable Hogue Soundtrack
Double Heads
France Demo Tape
Great White Wonder
Heavier Than a Death in the Family (2002)
Mars Studio 1980
Yodo-Go-A-Go-Go
References
Further reading
Cope, Julian (2007). "Japrocksampler", Bloomsbury Publishing.
External links
Official Les Rallizes Dénudés site
Unofficial Les Rallizes Dénudés site (Japanese)
Outsider musicians
Japanese psychedelic rock music groups
Protopunk groups
Musical groups established in 1967
1967 establishments in Japan
Musical groups disestablished in 1996
1996 disestablishments in Japan
Japanese noise rock groups
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4010232
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hancheng%20%28disambiguation%29
|
Hancheng (disambiguation)
|
Hancheng (韩城市) is a county-level city of Shaanxi, China.
Hancheng may also refer to:
Hancheng, Tangshan (韩城镇), town in Fengrun District, Tangshan, Hebei, China
Seoul, South Korea, often known in Chinese as Hancheng (汉城)
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4010241
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datian
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Datian
|
Datian may refer to the following locations in China:
Datian County (大田县), of Sanming, Fujian
Datian Station (大田站), freight station of the Guangzhou–Zhuhai Railway in Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong
Datian Subdistrict (临海市), in Linhai, Zhejiang
Towns named Datian (大田镇)
Datian, Enping, in Enping, Guangdong
Datian, Dongfang, Hainan, in Dongfang, Hainan
Datian, Pingdu, in Pingdu, Shandong
Datian, Panzhihua, in Renhe District, Panzhihua, Sichuan
Datian, Tianjin, in Binhai New Area, Tianjin
Datian Township (大田乡)
Datian Township, Taining County, in Taining County, Fujian
Datian Township, Qinglong County Guizhou, in Qinglong County, Guizhou
Datian Township, Gan County, in Gan County, Jiangxi
Datian Township, Hanyuan County, in Hanyuan County, Sichuan
Datian Township, Wuyi County, Zhejiang, in Wuyi County, Zhejiang
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4010249
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Every%20Man%20for%20Himself%20%28album%29
|
Every Man for Himself (album)
|
Every Man for Himself is the third studio album by American rock band Hoobastank, released on May 8, 2006, by Island Records. It was the first album not to feature bassist Markku Lappalainen after his departure in 2005; Jane's Addiction bassist Chris Chaney and Paul Bushnell took his place for the album.
Singles
The first single "If I Were You" was released on May 1, 2006
The second and third singles from Every Man for Himself were "Inside of You" and "Born to Lead" respectively.
Those who pre-ordered the album from Apple's iTunes Music Store, received a bonus track called "Face the Music." Those who purchased the album in Japan received two bonus tracks with their green limited edition CDs titled "Finally Awake" and "Waiting". They also received a DVD with bonus content.
Promotion
Hoobastank announced the "Every Fan for Himself" tour which was billed as a fan appreciation tour, and to help promote the new album.
The song "Without a Fight" was featured in the trailer for the film Stormbreaker. An abridged cover version of the song was composed for the penultimate mission of the Nintendo DS rhythm game Elite Beat Agents in which the titular protagonists first respond to an incursion from hostile alien invaders who outlaw all music.
Critical reception
Every Man for Himself was met with "mixed or average" reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, this release received an average score of 53 based on 7 reviews.
In a review for AllMusic, critic reviewer Stephen Thomas Erlewine wrote: "If Every Man for Himself was constructed with the mainstream in mind, it likely won't win any new converts, since at their core Hoobastank remains unchanged: their songs aren't particularly dynamic or catchy, the band doggedly follows alt-rock conventions as if adherence to clichés gives the group legitimacy, and Robb's pedestrian voice alternately disappears into the mix or veers flat when he holds a note."
Track listing
All tracks composed by Daniel Estrin and Doug Robb.
Personnel
Hoobastank
Doug Robb – lead vocals, rhythm guitar, bass (Tracks unknown)
Daniel Estrin – lead guitar, bass (Tracks unknown)
Chris Hesse – drums, percussion
Additional personnel
Dale Dye – drill sergeant on "The Rules" and "Born to Lead"
Chris Chaney – bass (tracks 3, 5, 9, 10)
Paul Bushnell – bass (tracks 2, 4, 6-8, 11-13)
Howard Benson – keyboard, programming
Lenny Castro – percussion
Deborah Lurie – string arrangements
Casey Stone – strings
The Heart Attack Horns – horns on "Inside of You" and "More Than a Memory"
Frank Marocco – accordion on "More Than a Memory"
Charts
Certifications
References
External links
Hoobastank albums
2006 albums
Albums produced by Howard Benson
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4010255
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liskinsky%20District
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Liskinsky District
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Liskinsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-two in Voronezh Oblast, Russia. It is located in the western central part of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Liski. Population: 105,704 (2010 Census); The population of Liski accounts for 52.9% of the district's total population.
References
Notes
Sources
Districts of Voronezh Oblast
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