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4014607	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwest%20Georgia%20Threatened%20Historic%20Sites%20Project	Northwest Georgia Threatened Historic Sites Project	The Northwest Georgia Threatened Historic Sites project was established in 2005 as part of Kennesaw State University's Public History Program. The project was developed to promote historic preservation by identifying, documenting, and publicizing threatened sites of historical significance in northwest Georgia. The first initiative of the group, undertaken in the Fall of 2005 was to create a catalog listing of such sites and to call greater attention to the issue of preservation and to save some of these valuable historic sites. The initial sites identified in Fall 2005 as being most "at-risk" have been posted at their web site and the project continues to solicit nominations for the 2006 catalog listing. Catalog Historic sites listed in the 2005 Catalog included the following: Concord Baptist Church Cemetery - Established in 1832, the Concord Baptist Church Cemetery is one of the oldest in Cobb County. DeSoto Theater - The first venue in the South to be designed and built for sound pictures is now threatened by a deteriorating roof and electrical system. Gilmer County Courthouse - The Gilmer County Courthouse is on the National Register of Historic Places, and was demolished in January 2008. Glover Tannery Ruins - The ruins of the 1845 Glover Tannery are threatened by neglect and road expansion. Hyde Farm - In the 1830s, James Cooper Power and Rosa Dodd Power built a log home near the Chattahoochee River in Cobb County, GA, on what had recently been Cherokee Indian territory. Kennesaw School - The 1938 Kennesaw School (the second school built on the site) is threatened by commercial development. Manning-Smith House UPDATED!- This Greek revival home has been associated with several persons and events throughout its history. Masonic Lodge #221 - One of only two Masonic Lodges listed on the Georgia Register of Historic Places and currently seeking a place on the National Register of Historic Places. Nesbitt-Union Chapel Ruins - Ownership of the Nesbitt-Union Chapel property was resolved in Cobb Superior Court, when the Cobb County Commissioners were named trustees of the property. The remaining ruins are slated for ghost framing and the site, which is now managed by Cobb County Parks and Recreation, may eventually become a pocket park along the Powder Springs corridor. Noonday Extension Cemetery - This Marietta cemetery dates to the 1830s and is in need of community support. Stanley Road Community Cemetery - Needs support of area to keep it clean and weeded. Has grave of Civil War Col. and many Stanley Family and friends. Smith Motel - This Cobb County motel is up for sale and threatened by commercial development. Tate Depot - The 1916 Tate railroad depot is threatened by neglect. Van Wert Methodist Church - This mid-19th century Rockmart church is currently vacant and in need of repair. Old Powder Springs School - The 1920 school is slated to be razed to make room for a new library. Old Villa Rica Library - The 1951 library is one of the oldest examples of the International Style in west Georgia. The library is threatened by demolition. Sweetwater Creek State Park - The park's mill ruins are threatened by erosion. Vinings Mountain - Pace Family Cemetery - This cemetery is threatened by vandalism and encroaching land development. G.B. Williams Plantation - One of the largest pieces of undeveloped land left in Smyrna, this historic site is threatened by encroaching development. Woodstock, Georgia - The historic downtown of Woodstock is threatened by urban sprawl and encroaching development. Two successes as a result of their efforts are the Manning-Smith House which is under contract with a developer that intends to save the property's historic structures, and the Taylor-Brawner House which will be restored beginning in early 2006. References External links Landmarks in Georgia (U.S. state) Kennesaw State University
4014612	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dress%20shoe	Dress shoe	A dress shoe (U.S. English) is a shoe to be worn at smart casual or more formal events. A dress shoe is typically contrasted to an athletic shoe. Dress shoes are worn by many as their standard daily shoes, and are widely used in dance, for parties, and for special occasions. Men's dress shoes Colors Possible colors include: Black Brown Burgundy Oxblood Chestnut Cordovan White Men's dress shoes are most commonly black or brown. Cordovan or oxblood dress shoes are worn by men sometimes in the United States, while the other colors are worn by men of many nationalities. Materials Most men's dress shoes are made of leather, usually entirely, including the outers, lining, and sole, though for more durability at the expense of elegance, many shoes are made with rubber soles. Non-leather men's dress shoes are also available. Shoes are usually made with many pieces of leather, and the seams can be decorated in various ways; most revolve around some type of brogueing. Brogues have rows of decorative punching in patterns: full brogues, or wingtips (the standard American name), have a toe cap in a wavy shape, with punched patterns on various sections of the shoe; half brogues have a normal straight edged toe cap and less punching; finally, other terms such as quarter-brogue etc. may be used to describe progressively less brogueing. All of the standard styles below may be brogued. Styles Men's shoes are often categorised by their fastening, and the various possibilities are listed below in roughly descending order of formality. Oxfords Oxfords (British), or Balmorals (American), lace up and tie to keep them on the wearer's foot, and have a closed lacing, where the pieces of leather joined by the laces are sewn together at the bottom. Many Oxfords have an additional piece of leather sewn over the toe section, known as a toe cap. Oxfords are the standard shoe to wear with most suits. White Buck shoes are a variant of the oxford that are made of buckskin, and considered the companion to seersucker and other summer suit fabrics. Monk shoes A monk shoe (also called a monkstrap) has no lacing, and is closed by a strap with a buckle. Monk shoes are typically regarded as less formal; they are often considered appropriate for business formal, but rarely appropriate with any kind of formal attire. Derbies Derbies, or Blüchers in America, are similar to Oxfords, but have open lacing. They are a little less formal, and are often worn in brown, with some brogueing. Loafers Loafers, or slip-ons, come in both men's and women's styles. It is not unusual for a man's loafer to have a tassel, although this can be seen in women's varieties too. Loafers were originally men's shoes, and are usually thought of as such, although women do now wear them. Other styles In addition to the above, there are various other types of footwear to accompany formalwear, such as boat shoes i.e. Sperrys, the court shoe (also called opera shoe, or patent pumps) for eveningwear and the dress boot for daywear. Women's dress shoes Colors Women's dress shoes come in a variety of colors, which includes: Black Silver Gold Tan White Red Yellow They may also match the color of the evening gown, dress or suit being worn. Styles Pumps Pumps come in a variety of colors and styles. They can have a rounded or pointed toe, and are usually made of leather. They have a heel of at least 5 cm (2 inches). Today, pumps have evolved beyond the classic working woman's shoe. Now, there are peep toe pumps, which have a small opening at the toes. There are also pumps with ankle straps. Not only have the styles evolved, the fabrics have as well. While almost all pumps used to be made of leather, pumps now come in a variety of materials, such as suede and wool. Slingbacks The slingback is similar to the pump in that it can have a rounded or pointed toe and usually has a heel, but it doesn't wrap all the way around the heel like pumps usually do. Instead, it has a narrow strap that is pulled up over the heel, leaving the rest of the heel exposed. Loafers Loafers are usually flat and typically thought of as both more masculine and comfortable than anything with a heel. The typical loafer has a round toe, and comes in darker colors, such as black or brown. A spin on the loafer is the cloak, which, like the loafer, is a slip-on shoe, but it has a heel and is considered a more "feminine" design. Mules Mules are shoes that slide onto the foot, and do not cover the heel or the back of the foot at all. These aren't considered dress shoes unless they have a heel. Ballet flats The ballet flat hadn't been a popular fashion trend until some time after the first few years of the 21st century. Taken from the art of ballet, as their name implies, they are flat shoes with a rounded toe, and come in many different colors and patterns. The classic ballet flat has a small bow on the toe, but this style has evolved to include varieties without bows. Sandals While sandals are usually more casual, there are some sandals that can be worn with dress clothes. For example, any sandal that has a heel, many straps, or a shiny finish would probably be acceptable in a more formal atmosphere. A minor controversy erupted in 2005 when some members of Northwestern University's national champion women's lacrosse team visited the White House wearing flip-flops. Following the criticism, their footwear was eventually auctioned off on eBay to raise money for a young cancer patient, Jaclyn Murphy of Hopewell Junction, New York, who was befriended by the team. Nine pairs of flip-flops raised approximately $1,653. There is still a debate over whether this signaled a fundamental change in American culture — many youth feel that flip-flops are more dressy and can be worn in a variety of social contexts, while older generations feel that wearing them at formal occasions signifies laziness and comfort over style. The Dalai Lama of Tibet is also a frequent wearer of flip-flop sandals and has met with several US presidents, including George W. Bush and Barack Obama, while wearing the sandals. High heeled shoes References Dance shoes Leather goods Shoes
4014614	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Center%20for%20Atmospheric%20Research	National Center for Atmospheric Research	The US National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR ) is a US federally funded research and development center (FFRDC) managed by the nonprofit University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) and funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF). NCAR has multiple facilities, including the I. M. Pei-designed Mesa Laboratory headquarters in Boulder, Colorado. Studies include meteorology, climate science, atmospheric chemistry, solar-terrestrial interactions, environmental and societal impacts. Tools and technologies NCAR was instrumental in developing lidar, light radar, now a key archaeological tool, as well as providing a broad array of tools and technologies to the scientific community for studying Earth’s atmosphere, including, Specialized instruments to measure atmospheric processes Research aircraft High-performance computing and cyberinfrastructure, including supercomputers Mauna Loa Solar Observatory Cooperative field campaigns Atmospheric models of weather, chemical, solar, and climate processes, including cooperatively developed models such as: Community Earth System Model (CESM) Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) Technology transfer to support societal needs Data sets, data services, and other resources NCAR Command Language (NCL), a programming language designed for use with climate and model data Staffing areas and notable past and present scientists The center is staffed by scientists, engineers, technicians, and support personnel. Key research areas include: Climate (Earth’s past, present, and future climate; the greenhouse effect, global warming, and climate change; El Niño, La Niña, and other large-scale atmospheric patterns; drought, wildfires) Meteorology/Weather (short-term forecasts; weather forecasting and predictability; weather's effect on climate; hurricanes, tornadoes, and other severe storms; physical processes) Environmental and societal impacts (impacts of climate change on the natural and managed environment; interactions of weather, climate, and society; weather hazard systems for aviation and ground transportation; national security) Pollution and air chemistry (air pollution on local, regional, and global scales; air chemistry and climate; chemical evolution and transport in the atmosphere) the Sun and space weather (the structure of the Sun, from its interior to sunspots to the solar corona; the solar cycle; the Sun’s effect on Earth’s weather and climate; space weather) Other components of the Earth system (the effects on weather and climate of interactions with: the oceans and other components of Earth's water cycle, including sea ice, glaciers, and the rest of the cryosphere; forests, agriculture, urbanization and other types of land use) Notable scientists on the current staff at the center include Tom Wigley, Kevin Trenberth, Clara Deser, and Caspar Ammann, and in past have included Paul Crutzen (Nobel Prize in chemistry, 1995); Paul Julian, who with colleague Roland Madden discovered the Madden–Julian oscillation; Stephen Schneider . Greg Holland initiated the multiscale modeling project "Predicting the Earth System Across Scales". Organization of research—laboratories and programs NCAR is currently organized into seven laboratories and two programs: Laboratories Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling laboratory (ACOM) Climate and Global Dynamics laboratory (CGD) Computational & Information Systems Laboratory (CISL)—CISL was formerly known as the Scientific Computing Division (SCD). CISL manages and operates NCAR's supercomputers, mass storage system, networking, and other computing and cyberinfrastructure services. The Institute for Mathematics Applied to Geosciences (IMAGe) is a research division within CISL. Earth Observing Laboratory (EOL)—EOL was formerly known as the Atmospheric Technology Division (ATD). EOL manages and operates NCAR's lower atmosphere observing systems, including ground-based instrumentation and two research aircraft, on behalf of the NSF. High Altitude Observatory (HAO)—The oldest part of NCAR, HAO is NCAR's solar-terrestrial physics laboratory. Research foci are the Sun and the Earth's upper atmosphere. HAO operates the Mauna Loa Solar Observatory (MLSO). Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology laboratory (MMM) Research Applications Laboratory (RAL) Programs Advanced Study Program (ASP) Integrated Science Program (ISP) NCAR's service to the universities and larger geosciences community is reinforced by the offerings of UCAR's community programs. Funding and management NCAR is managed by the nonprofit UCAR and is one of the NSF's Federally Funded Research and Development Centers, with approximately 95% of its funding coming from the federal government. However, it is not a federal agency and its employees are not part of the federal personnel system. NCAR employs about 761 staff. Its annual expenditures in fiscal year 2015 were $167.8 million. NCAR directors The founding director of NCAR was Walter Orr Roberts. The current director is Everette Joseph. Visiting Scientific visitors NCAR has many opportunities for scientific visits to the facilities for workshops, colloquia, and collaboration by colleagues in academia, government labs, and the private sector. Many NCAR staff also visit colleagues at universities and labs and serve as adjunct or visiting faculty. Public tours The Visitor Center at the Mesa Laboratory is open to the public daily at no charge. Guided tours and self-guided tablet tours include video and audio on one of the first supercomputers built by Seymour Cray as well as NCAR's modern supercomputer fleet, many hands-on educational exhibits demonstrating weather phenomena and the changes in Earth's climate brought on by global warming, and a scenic outdoor weather trail. References External links Public tours & exhibits, at the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research High-end Computing at NCAR, at the Computational and Information Systems Laboratory NCAR Archives NCAR Research Data Archive (RDA) OpenSky Repository Air pollution organizations Meteorology and climate education Meteorological research institutes Federally Funded Research and Development Centers Supercomputer sites Earth science research institutes Research institutes in Colorado Companies based in Boulder, Colorado I. M. Pei buildings Environmental research institutes
4014634	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Sea%20and%20the%20Bells	The Sea and the Bells	The Sea and the Bells is the third studio album by American post-rock band Rachel's. It was released on October 22, 1996 by Quarterstick Records. The album was named after and inspired by Pablo Neruda's poetry collection of the same name. In 2016, The Sea and the Bells was ranked at number 14 on Pastes list of the best post-rock albums, while also placing at number 16 on a similar list by Fact. Track listing References Rachel's albums 1996 albums Quarterstick Records albums
4014637	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Lake%20Poyang	Battle of Lake Poyang	The Battle of Lake Poyang () was a naval conflict which took place (30 August – 4 October 1363) between the rebel forces of Zhu Yuanzhang and Chen Youliang during the Red Turban Rebellion which led to the fall of the Yuan dynasty. Chen Youliang besieged Nanchang with a large fleet on Lake Poyang, one of China's largest freshwater lakes, and Zhu Yuanzhang met his force with a smaller fleet. After an inconclusive engagement exchanging fire, Zhu employed fire ships to burn the enemy tower ships and destroyed their fleet. This was the last major battle of the rebellion prior to the rise of the Ming dynasty. Background On 30 August 1363, the forces of Chen Han conducted a major amphibious assault on Nanchang but failed to take it due to the defenders' use of cannons and suffered great losses. The town of Nanchang was strategically located to guard Lake Poyang, which connected the Yangzi with other river basins. During the early 1360s Zhu Yuanzhang held key garrisons on the lake and administered them from Nanjing 560 kilometers downriver. In 1362, Chen Youliang tried to deposit his troops on the city walls with "tower ships". This proved futile as the city defenders simply moved the walls back and Chen was forced to personally lead an assault on the city gates. They were repelled with a barrage of cannonfire and driven back. After this failure, Chen set up a blockade, determined to starve out the defenders, but a small fishing boat managed to slip out and reached Nanjing in time to warn Zhu Yuanzhang. The battle Zhu Yuanzhang's fleet arrived at Hukou on 24 August and relieved Nanchang on the 28th. Chen Youliang embarked his forces and sailed north into Lake Poyang. The two fleets met on 29 August. Zhu's forces numbered only a third the size of Chen's army. According to one Ming source, Zhu's forces arrived armed with "fire bombs, fire guns, fire arrows, fire seeds [probably grenades], large and small fire lances, large and small 'commander' fire-tubes, large and small iron bombs, rockets." This shows that older gunpowder weapons co-existed alongside guns, and proto-guns such as fire lances were not supplanted until after early Ming. A new weapon called the "No Alternative" was also mentioned. The No Alternative was "made from a circular reed mat about five inches around and seven feet long that was pasted over with red paper and bound together with silk and hemp— stuffed inside it was gunpowder twisted in with bullets and all kinds of [subsidiary] gunpowder weapons." It was hung from a pole on the foremast, and when an enemy ship came into close range, the fuse was lit, and the weapon would supposedly fall onto the enemy ship, at which point things inside shot out "and burned everything to bits, with no hope of salvation." On 30 August, Zhu deployed his fleet in 11 squadrons with orders to "get close to the enemy's ships and first set off gunpowder weapons (發火器), then bows and crossbows, and finally attack their ships with short range weapons." Fire bombs were hurled using naval trebuchets and Zhu's forces succeeded in "burning twenty or more enemy vessels and killing or drowning many enemy troops," but their own flagship also caught fire and hit a sandbar. Chen's warships drove back the opposing line until they fell back to a shallow area where they could not be pursued. Zhu tried again to engage with Chen's fleet in ship to ship combat and was driven back once more with severe losses. The next day, the wind shifted towards Chen's forces and Zhu sent fire ships into them, destroying several hundred vessels. While guns were used during the battle, ultimately they were not pivotal to success, and the battle was won using incendiary weapons. On 2 September, the two fleets engaged in battle again. Though still outnumbered, Zhu's forces were able to isolate and destroy larger enemy warships, forcing them to withdraw. Afterwards, Zhu's fleet settled into a blockade for another month before Chen decided to make a break for it on 4 October. Zhu was ready with fire ships set adrift, scattering Chen's ships so that clusters of ships engaged in combat far from each other. Chen Youliang was killed when an arrow struck his head. Aftermath Chen Youliang was succeeded by his son, Chen Li, who surrendered to Zhu in 1364. The Ming victory here cemented their position as the leading rebel group. Five years later, the Ming would overthrow the Yuan and take command over China. Zhu Yuanzhang then became the first Emperor of the Ming Dynasty as Hongwu. See also Red Turban Rebellions Ming campaign against the Uriankhai Battle of Buir Lake Notes References Further reading . Hok-lam Chan, 'The Rise of Ming T'ai-tsu (1368–98): Facts and Fictions in Early Ming Official Historiography', Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 95, No. 4 (Oct. - Dec., 1975), p. 703, quoting TTSL, 13/165, abbreviation for (Ming) T'ai-tsu shih-lu (1418), ed. Yao Kuang-hsiao (1335-1418) et al., 257 chüan. Academia Sinica, Taipei 1962. (1.1.1.).【陳，Ming T'aitsu refers to 明太祖】 Dreyer, Edward L., 'The Poyang Campaign of 1363: Inland Naval Warfare in the Founding of the Ming Dynasty,' in Kierman, Frank A., and Fairbank, John K. (eds.), Chinese Ways in Warfare (Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press, 1974). Turnbull, Stephen, 'Fighting Ships of the Far East (1): China and Southeast Asia 202 BC - AD 1419.' (Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2002). Wakeman, Frederic, Jr., 'Voyages', American Historical Review, Vol. 98, No. 1 (Feb., 1993), pp. 1–17. Wars involving Imperial China Lake Poyang Lake Poyang Lake Poyang Lake Poyang 1363 in Asia 14th century in China Military history of Jiangxi 1363 in the Mongol Empire Transition from Yuan to Ming
4014638	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998%20French%20Open%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20singles	1998 French Open – Women's singles	Arantxa Sánchez Vicario defeated Monica Seles in the final, 7–6(7–5), 0–6, 6–2 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 1998 French Open. It was Sánchez Vicario's third French Open title, and the last major final for both her and Seles. Iva Majoli was the defending champion, but lost to Lindsay Davenport in the quarterfinals. Martina Hingis was attempting to achieve the non-calendar-year Grand Slam, having won the preceding Wimbledon, US Open and Australian Open titles, but she lost to Seles in the semifinals. Seeds Qualifying Draw Finals Top half Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Bottom half Section 5 Section 6 Section 7 Section 8 External links 1998 French Open – Women's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation Women's Singles French Open by year – Women's singles French Open - Women's Singles 1998 in women's tennis 1998 in French women's sport
4014645	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chas%20Dingle	Chas Dingle	Chas Dingle (also Spencer) is a fictional character from the British soap opera Emmerdale, played by Lucy Pargeter. She made her first appearance during the episode broadcast on 16 October 2002. Chas returned on 21 September 2003. Chas was absent for six months in 2005 when Pargeter took maternity leave. She left temporarily on 5 June 2005, and returned full-time from 13 December 2005. In 2013, Pargeter announced that she would be taking a short break from the show in order to appear in I'm A Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here!. Pargeter was briefly recast for one episode on 20 December 2016 to provide an alternative physical appearance to the character through the eyes of Ashley Thomas (John Middleton). Chas departed temporarily once again on 31 March 2017 when Pargeter took a second maternity leave. Pargeter confirmed her return to filming on 31 August 2017. Chas returned on 25 October 2017. Chas' main storylines have focused on her turbulent relationship with Carl King (Tom Lister), becoming a prime suspect in the murder of Tom King (Ken Farrington), discovering she has a half-sister Gennie Walker (Sian Reese-Williams), rebuilding a relationship with her son Aaron Dingle (Danny Miller) who she abandoned as a child, her relationship with Paddy Kirk (Dominic Brunt), disputing with her niece Debbie Dingle (Charley Webb) after having an affair with Debbie's ex-partner Cameron Murray (Dominic Power), her grief over the loss of her father Shadrach Dingle (Andy Devine), sister Gennie and best friend Katie Sugden (Sammy Winward), developing PTSD, discovering her son's childhood abuse at the hands of his father Gordon Livesy (Gary Mavers), discovering she is pregnant with Paddy's child who won't survive birth and becoming pregnant again with their second daughter, Eve. Storylines Chas first appeared when she arrives in Emmerdale dressed as a nun for the stag night of her cousin Marlon (Mark Charnock). She is hired by her father, Shadrach Dingle (Andy Devine), and ends the evening locked in the back of a van with Ashley Thomas (John Middleton). Several months later, she becomes homeless and moves in with the Dingles and gets a job as barmaid at The Woolpack. Chas has a son, Aaron Dingle (Danny Miller), with her ex-husband Gordon (Gerard Fletcher), whom she allowed custody. Aaron hates his mother, feeling that she had abandoned him. Aaron rejects Chas's attempts to make amends for this and after he deliberately tells her about Carl and Delilah's fling, she ceases contact in order for Gordon, Aaron and his new wife, Sandra, to become a proper family. Soon enough, Chas makes friends with Carl King (Tom Lister) shortly after he and his family move into Holdgate Farm. They share a bond due to the fact that they are both parental failures and begin dating. The attraction strengthens into love but Carl's family disapprove and send him away after Paul Marsden (Matthew Booth) dies but he later returns and they get together. Chas' relationship with Carl was never stable, and the couple go through numerous break-ups and reconciliations. Despite Chloe Atkinson's (Amy Nuttall) poison pen letter scheme, Tom and Rosemary's blackmail, Carl's guilt over murdering his father and marriage to Chas's former friend, Lexi Nicholls (Sally Oliver), the relationship survives but finally deteriorates upon Chas discovering Carl was sleeping with Eve Jenson (Suzanne Shaw). Heartbroken, she follows her second cousin Charity's (Emma Atkins) advice to persuade him to marry her and falsely claims to be pregnant. However, she steals the money meant for the wedding and jilts him at the altar, telling him that he should be grateful that she lied about expecting his child. Chas also develops a relationship with her half-sister, Gennie Walker (Sian Reese-Williams). Laurel Thomas (Charlotte Bellamy) tells her that Shadrach put Gennie up for adoption after her mother died in childbirth, believing he couldn't bring her home to his wife, Faith. After coming to terms with this, she helps her father write to Gennie and feels neglected when Shadrach seems obsessed with his new daughter. Chas and Gennie become friends and Chas advises Gennie on how to care for her mother. Chas also manages to rebuild her relationship with her son, Aaron (now Danny Miller). She discovers his whereabouts, with help from her cousin Marlon's wife, Donna (Verity Rushworth), who has arrested Aaron for drug offences. Initially he is not pleased to see her but after the Dingles rescue him from the McFarlanes, he moves in with them. Aaron is pleased when Chas stands up for him when Lisa (Jane Cox) throws him out for encouraging Belle Dingle (Eden Taylor-Draper) to steal, so they move in with Paddy Kirk (Dominic Brunt). Initially, Chas enrolls him at the local school but he refuses to go and starts work at the garage with Cain Dingle (Jeff Hordley) and Debbie Dingle (Charley Webb). Eventually, Chas' friendship with Paddy develops into a serious relationship. Chas is unsure of the relationship's future but Katie Sugden (Sammy Winward) encourages her. Unfortunately Carl, newly separated from Lexi, decides he still loves Chas. Chas later succumbs to Carl's advances, but Chas decides that she wants to improve her relationship with Paddy and keeps her night with Carl a secret. Infuriated with this, Carl tells Paddy of their one-night stand, leading Paddy to kick her and Aaron out. No one is pleased with Chas but only Katie and Debbie support her. Aaron insists she choose between him or Carl. Chas chooses Carl, moves back in with the Dingles but then soon moves back in with Paddy. Angry with Carl, Aaron disconnects the brakes on Carl's car, nearly killing Jimmy King (Nick Miles), his wife Nicola (Nicola Wheeler) and their newborn daughter, Angelica King, when they borrow the car. Horrified, Aaron runs Jimmy off the road to warn him and Chas loses her temper with Aaron, telling him that she wants nothing more to do with him. This incident has more of an effect on Aaron than Chas realises and makes him seriously rethink his behaviour. Though she continues to show concern for him, he resists allowing her back into his life. Paddy tells Chas that Aaron is gay, surprising her. She is devastated when Aaron attempts suicide but immediately supports him. After this, they slowly begin to reconcile. She is thrilled for him when he meets Jackson Walsh (Marc Silcock) and they build a relationship, albeit a bit rocky. Chas convinces Diane Sugden (Elizabeth Estensen), landlady of The Woolpack, that they would benefit if Chas bought into The Woolpack. After weeks of pestering, which include Chas helping out behind bar for free, Diane relents and in desperate need of the money, sells half The Woolpack to Chas. Chas becomes colleagues with Debbie's boyfriend Cameron Murray (Dominic Power), needing the money, and an attraction grows. They finally give in to temptation and have a steamy sex session in the cellar. Chas tells Cameron that it was a mistake but they later begin an affair. After a fight between Cain and Cameron led to an impregnated Debbie being accidentally injured, endangering her and the baby she's expecting, they realise they cannot be together and part ways. Chas is told by Bob in the cafe that Dan Spencer (Liam Fox) fancies her. She invites him to dinner and they become a couple. Chas proposes to Dan after several dates, but he declines. However, he changes his mind and as he proposes to her, Chas accepts. Carl takes Chas' phone and finds photos of her with Cameron, discovering her relationship with Cameron. He threatens to tell Debbie about the affair, unless he is given his money back. However, when Chas and Cameron refund the money, Carl reveals he still loves her and thinks she shouldn't marry Dan and Chas almost misses her hen night, arguing with him. Not long after marrying Dan, Chas tries to leave the village. Carl finds her and he tries to rape her but Chas picks up a brick and hits him over the head with it, before running back to the pub. Carl is later found dead and Chas believes she killed him. However, Cameron visited Carl soon after and as the pair had a heated confrontation, Cameron delivered the final attack, murdering him. Chas is then arrested for Carl's murder, facing trial. Debbie, wanting revenge for her affair with Cameron, takes to the stand against Chas, wanting her sent down in a bid to split up Chas and Cameron. Chas is found not guilty and returns to the village, much to the dislike of Debbie and Charity, with Debbie swearing to make Chas and Cameron's life a living hell. While on her way to a party, Chas takes a lift from Debbie, but she takes Chas to an abandoned barn and pulls a gun on her. She ties Chas to a wooden pillar and blindfolds her, she intimidates her so she can understand how angry she is for what Chas has done with Cameron. Cain and Charity then arrive, and at first it seems as though Cain is willing to let Debbie execute Chas, but he and Charity eventually talk Debbie into letting Chas go. After this incident, Chas returns to running The Woolpack, however customers avoid the pub, due to the atmosphere. Chas tries her best to regain the regulars, but she is unsuccessful. She takes out a loan against the pub to try to keep the business afloat, stating she is very close to bankruptcy, with mounting legal fees to pay also. Chas and Cameron continue their relationship and remain in the village. In July, Gennie suspects that Cameron and Debbie are having an affair, and warns Chas about it. However, Chas thinks Gennie is trying to tear them apart and dismisses her claims. Soon, Gennie's suspicions are confirmed when she records a conversation in which Cameron confesses to killing Carl to Debbie, and the pair rekindling their romance. Gennie intends to tell Chas, but later dies after being suffocated by Cameron in order to keep his secret following a car chase between her, Cameron and Debbie. At Gennie's funeral, Chas learns that Cameron has been having an affair with Debbie. Chas delivers an emotional eulogy and then marches out of the church. Later, Chas packs Cameron's bags and brings them to Debbie's home, where she tells them they are selfish and deserve each other. Debbie and Charity both soften towards Chas and Charity apologises to her for treating her coldly for her affair with Cameron. In September 2013, when Cameron's murderous crimes are exposed by Debbie and Chas, after gaining evidence from Gennie's phone, he is arrested and charged with the murders of Carl, Alex, and Gennie. In October 2013, he manages to escape jail, gaining his passport and clothes. He then buys a ticket for a ferry, so people would assume he's left Yorkshire for good. However, he doesn't attend the ferry. When Debbie, Chas and the other villagers are aware of his escape, they panic, with Debbie fearing the worst. Later on, Sarah is taken by Cameron, and is locked in a barn, assuring her that he will get Debbie and Jack, and go away as a family somewhere. She believes him, but when Zak and Moira are alerted of her disappearance, they look for her. Debbie and other villagers, including Chas, Diane and Zak, are in The Woolpack, panicking. They learn that Sarah has been found by Andy and Moira, but also know that Cameron is back and he breaks into The Woolpack, taking everyone hostage, knocking Marlon unconscious and leaving him in the cellar, where the flood water rises. Cameron accidentally shoots Alicia Harding (Natalie Anderson) in the stomach, and David Metcalfe (Matthew Wolfenden) begs Cameron to let her out, in need of medical assistance, as she is dying. He lets David and Alicia out, along with the rest of the villagers, except for Debbie and Chas. After Marlon gains consciousness, Debbie and Chas rush to the cellar, as they are engulfed by the water rising to the top. Cameron manages to get to the cellar and insists on him and Debbie drowning together. They float to below the water. As Debbie struggles, she manages to get out of Cameron's reach with Chas intact. As Cameron gasps for breath, trying to pull Debbie back in, he fails, as she is outside, safe. He grabs a bulb and because of the encounter with the water, he is electrocuted, and is finally killed, ending his wrath and getting his comeuppance. Debbie rushes to Zak, soaking wet and crying as he reassures her Cameron is where he belongs - in hell, ending The Woolpack siege and Cameron's life. Chas then decides to go and stay in Southern France with Aaron for a few months. In February 2014, Chas returns and quickly becomes romantically involved with James Barton (Bill Ward), who turns out to be Adam Barton's (Adam Thomas) biological father. When Chas discovers this, Adam's mother Moira Barton (Natalie J. Robb) goes to great lengths to make sure Chas does not tell her brother, Cain, who is married to Moira. She even locks her in The Woolpack cellar to make sure she does not tell anyone. The truth is revealed in April, however, when at Finn Barton's (Joe Gill) birthday party, an old tape recorder of the younger Bartons is played. In August 2014, Aaron returns to help his best friend Adam, who is involved in illegal dealings with Ross Barton (Michael Parr). Chas realises she misses Aaron so decides to hand him and Adam into the police, but Aaron stops her. Instead, Adam and Aaron both hand themselves in. Adam is granted bail but Aaron is not because he has already missed his court case. Eventually, he gets a suspended sentence and Aaron moves in with Chas in The Woolpack. In February 2015, Chas loses her best friend, Katie, in an accident at Wylie's Farm when Robert Sugden (Ryan Hawley) pushed her during an argument and she fell through rotting floor. In his grief, Aaron bursts into tears and Chas comforts him and tells him that she needs him strong for her. The next day, she finds out that Robert and Aaron are having an affair so she slaps Aaron, which leads to Aaron ending the affair. She is furious when Tracy Shankley (Amy Walsh) disrespects Katie's memory, so she throws a drink over her and orders her to leave. Chas later accompanies Aaron on his running sessions, unaware that he is actually self-harming. When he goes missing after suffering a fall, Robert helps Chas find him; however, she threatens to tell his wife Chrissie White (Louise Marwood) about his affair with Aaron. In order to keep her silence, Robert contemplates killing Chas with a rock, but when they find Aaron, he throws the rock away. When they return to the village, Robert hires a hitman to make Chas disappear once and for all. However, when Chas later tells Robert that she is not going to tell Chrissie, and Aaron tells Robert that he is not always the best at dealing with things on his own and needs Chas and Paddy, Robert realises that he has made a big mistake. When he spots the hitman about to abduct Chas outside The Woolpack, Robert quickly stops him and pays him a large amount of money not to hurt Chas. Later, Chas is livid when she discovers that James has slept with his scheming ex-wife, Emma Barton (Gillian Kearney), leading to Chas throwing a drink over Emma and Aaron hitting James over the head with a glass bottle. In August 2015, while attending Debbie's wedding to Pete Barton (Anthony Quinlan), Chas and the rest of her family are involved in a helicopter crash when a helicopter which Pete had hired as a surprise for Debbie is hit by a gas canister from an explosion caused by Chrissie, and the helicopter careers into the village hall. Chas is not seriously injured, and helps other villagers out of the rubble. Chas later confronts Chrissie when she sees her with a gun vowing to kill Robert after the truth about Katie's death is revealed. After Robert is shot while arguing with Chas, she immediately accuses Chrissie, believing the shooter was Aaron. In a flashback episode, the shooter is revealed to be Ross. Diane and Chas fall out over the shooting and a series of mysterious events beginning to occur at the Woolpack. Chas becomes convinced that Emma is stalking her but it's later revealed that Chas is the real culprit as she has been sleepwalking. Late one night, Chas believes the "intruder" has returned to the pub and picks up a knife for defense, accidentally stabbing Diane. She is overwhelmed with guilt and after hearing Cameron's voice in her head, she hands herself into the police, but is released on bail. When staying over at Cain's house, Chas has a psychotic episode where she hallucinates Robert, Carl, and Cameron. She flees into the woods but trips and hits her head on a rock, knocking her unconscious. She is found by Nicola and taken back to Aaron and Cain. By then, Emma has correctly diagnosed her with post traumatic stress disorder, resulting from years of built up stress from Cameron's reign of terror and Carl's murder, and triggered after she witnessed Robert being shot. In December 2015, as a result of the stabbing, it is discovered that Diane's cancer has returned in her stomach. While receiving chemotherapy, Diane encounters Gordon (now played by Gary Mavers), Chas' ex-husband and Aaron's father. Although initially reluctant, Gordon decides that he wants to meet Chas and Aaron again to try to make amends. Chas and Gordon start dating again behind Aaron's back, which upsets Aaron when he catches them together, and triggers Aaron's self-harming. Later, after confronting Chas about her and Gordon, Aaron prepares to leave the village. He collapses from sepsis as a result of his self-harming and is rushed to the hospital by Robert, unknown to Chas. Meanwhile, Diane puts her half of The Woolpack up for sale and Gordon offers to buy it, which Aaron learns about and is vehemently against, and after he confronts his father, Gordon breaks up with Chas. Chas takes out a loan so she can buy Diane out. Thinking that this is Gordon's doing, Aaron accuses Chas of getting back with Gordon, which causes Chas to tell Aaron to move out. Robert learns of this and tells Chas that Aaron is in a dark place and shouldn't be left on his own. After Cain tells Chas that he caught Aaron trying to burn himself on his birthday and that he believes Robert knows something, Chas pays Robert a visit where Robert tells Chas that Aaron is cutting himself again and that he ended up in hospital because of Gordon. Chas asks Robert what else he knows and Robert states that has to come from Aaron. The next day, after spending a day at the seaside, Aaron tells Chas his dad raped him. Chas hugs Aaron and tell him she will make everything better. The next day, Chas visits Gordon and confronts him about what he did to Aaron. Gordon lies that Aaron was actually abused by his football coach, but Chas refuses to believe him. As Chas is about to leave, Gordon blocks her way and threatens her. Gordon showed his dark side and admits to Chas to abusing Aaron. When Chas returns, Chas tells Cain about Aaron's abuse, leaving Cain horrified. Chas tells Cain to make Gordon suffer for what he did to Aaron. The next day, Moira asks Chas about Cain's whereabouts, which forces Chas to tell Aaron, that Cain had gone to see Gordon. They drive to Gordon's house where they stop Cain, from killing Gordon. In order to do so, Aaron tells Cain that he will call the police on Gordon. Aaron tells Chas to inform Paddy, Adam and the rest of the Dingles, and after Gordon threatens Aaron at the scrapyard, Chas convinces Aaron to take some time away from the village. The case against Gordon is running too slow for Chas' liking so she decides to take matters in her own hands. She goes to Gordon's house, and sprays "Paedo" on his car before Robert turns up. Robert warns Chas that she's making life much worse for Aaron. Chas returns after being given a warning for the vandalism and comes face to face with a furious Aaron who just found out. Aaron gives Chas an ultimatum, tell everyone Gordon is innocent or he will walk away but Chas blurts out to everybody what happened to Aaron, Chas confronts Cain after he appears to be ashamed of Aaron, now that his past is revealed but Cain explains that he feels that he is failing Aaron. During this time, Robert helps Aaron track down his stepmother Sandra and his half-sister, Liv Flaherty (Isobel Steele), to see if Sandra can back-up his story. The police inform Aaron that another male victim has come forward, which leads to Gordon going to the pub and accusing Chas for paying his neighbour Ryan Harred (George Sampson) to lie to the police and say he abused him, of which Chas has no idea of this. Gordon threatens and pins Chas against a wall and orders her to call Ryan to get him to retract his statement. Marlon walks in and grabs Gordon before the police arrive and take Gordon away. Later, Robert confesses to Chas that he was the person who paid Ryan. Chas is worried that this is going to hurt Aaron's case and is contemplating telling him what Robert has done, but the police arrive and tell Aaron that because of Ryan's statement, they believe that they now have a case. Some time later, Chas confesses to Aaron that Robert paid Ryan to lie to the police. Aaron breaks down and warns Robert if the case falls apart, he will blame it on him. Aaron visits Ryan to tell him to drop his statement, and Chas gets a visit from DS Wise (Neil Roberts) who told her the second witness has dropped his statement but they will charge Gordon anyway. Chas then reveals the excellent news to Aaron. On top of the court case, Chas also has to deal with the return of Charity. She is revealed to have bought Diane's half of the pub, and intends to give her the money in due time. However, as time itself drags on with no payment from Charity, Chas warns her not to screw Diane over. Diane's partner Doug Potts (Duncan Preston) does not trust Charity, especially as he is the one who shall be receiving Charity's payment due to Diane caring for her ill mother-in-law Annie (Sheila Mercier) in Spain. In April 2016, Chas supported Aaron in court. Aaron takes on the stand and brings questions about his mum's past relationship. Later, Chas went to confronts Gordon who told her he blames her for the way their son has turned out. The next day, Chas take on the stand. Gordon's barrister questions Chas on why Aaron still has the same surname as his alleged attacker. He quizzes Chas on her blaming herself for Aaron being messed up, suggesting she believes Aaron to alleviate her own guilt, but Chas hits back that the abuse has made her feel even more guilty for not protecting her son. The defence brings up Chas' PTSD and Aaron leaving for Ireland when she needed him most. Later, Aaron reassures Chas she did great but Chas apologizes. Aaron admits to Chas, Gordon's barrister was right about one thing, he doesn't want Gordon's name - so he is going to change it to Dingle. 2 days later, Gordon is found guilty of rape by the jury. In May 2016, DS Wise arrives at the village and tells Aaron, Chas and Liv that Gordon has been found dead in his prison cell the day after Gordon is sentenced to 18 years imprisonment. Chas confronts an upset Liv, who has been staying with Chas and Aaron at the pub. Later, Chas went to the garage and asks Cain if he got somebody to finished Gordon off. Cain tells her no but he had a feelings that Robert could be involved in Gordon's death. Chas and Cain went to the pub and tell Aaron that they believe Robert paid somebody to have Gordon killed. Aaron starts to believe that it could be true. They were unaware that Liv was listening upstairs. The next day, Chas and Aaron are left shocked to see DS Wise turn up after Liv texts him on Chas' phone. Liv tells DS Wise that Robert killed her dad but DS Wise tells her that Gordon took his life by hanging himself. A few weeks later, Chas, Aaron, Robert and Liv attended Gordon's funeral. Chas watched on as Aaron delivered his eulogy, telling Gordon he is going straight to hell. Shortly after, Aaron and Robert take Liv on holiday and in their absence, the stress of the last few months finally takes its toll on Chas and she starts having nightmares again. Emma convinces her that her PTSD has returned and Chas admits herself into a mental health clinic. She returns a few weeks later and is told that Aaron finally learnt the truth about Robert's shooting and informs her son that she knew the truth months ago but didn't tell him in order to protect him. In September 2016, Chas and Diane go to Butlers farm to take Moira out only to find out the devastating news that Holly has died from an overdose. Chas tells Cain to support his estranged wife, telling him she needs him. In October 2016, Aaron is admitted to hospital after he and Robert crashed into a lake. While waiting for news of Aaron's condition, Chas offers a consoling hug to Robert and is pleasantly surprised to discover he was planning on proposing to Aaron. She jokingly tells him they'll have a "big, gay wedding". Chas, Robert and Liv keep vigil at Aaron's bedside and Chas happily watches on as her son accepts Robert's proposal. The next day, Chas learns that James died following the recent motorway collision and offers her condolences to Adam. Two weeks later, Chas gathers with the rest of the village to pay their final respects to James. In January 2017, Chas is worried about Aaron when he is arrested for attacking Kasim Sabet (Ethan Kai). As she waits at the police station, she is reunited with DS Wise who offers to help but Paddy's interference causes him to back off and Chas is worried what will happen if her son goes to prison. Chas is shocked and angry when her estranged mother, Faith Dingle (Sally Dexter) turns up in the village and is quick to let her know what she thinks of her. She is skeptical when Faith claims to have donated £20,000 anonymously to Sarah's cancer fund and is frustrated when Cain offers to pay for her lodgings at the B&B. After Robert tells her he wants to prove his commitment to Aaron and Liv before Aaron goes to prison, Chas, with the help of the Dingles and Sugdens, organises a surprise wedding in The Woolpack. Just as the service gets underway the police show up looking for Faith in connection with the £20,000. As chaos unfolds, Robert and Aaron sneak away on their own and exchange their vows in private before heading back to the pub to tell their guests. Chas is delighted for them but is furious with her mother for the trouble she caused and tells her to leave the village. The next day, Chas accompanies Aaron to court and returns soon after to tell Robert that he's been sentenced to 12 months in prison, leaving her new son in law devastated. Chas returns from Prague to the shocking news that Aaron has been taking drugs in prison as well as the fact that Robert had sex with Rebecca White (Emily Head). Livid, Chas slaps him before ordering him to stay away from Aaron and Liv. Chas later slaps Rebecca for sleeping with Robert. The next day, Robert tells Chas that Aarons appeal was successful and he'll be released in a few weeks. At the prison, Chas is concerned about her son's fragile state of mind and decides to interject just as Robert is about to confess to Aaron about Rebecca. Back at the pub, she insists she only covered for him for Aaron's sake and warns him to make sure Rebecca doesn't say anything. While still awaiting Aaron's return from prison, Chas receives a phone call from Liv's aunt, who reveals that Liv's mother Sandra is in a coma after suffering an accident abroad. While reluctant, Chas opts to escort Liv to Ireland to see Sandra. Later in the year, Liv returns home while Chas remains in Ireland to look after a recovering Sandra. Chas returns to Emmerdale in October 2017 and immediately reunites with Paddy. She also finally makes up with her mother Faith after years of being estranged and hostile. She is also furious to find out she owes money to save The Woolpack pub thanks to Charity and Debbie, after her signature was forged. Upon her return, Chas and Paddy get back together. In early 2018, she learns that she is pregnant. Development Prison life and affair Daniel Kilkelly of Digital Spy confirmed that Chas Dingle would begin a steamy affair with Cameron Murray (Dominic Power), the boyfriend of her niece Debbie Dingle (Charley Webb). The pair's attraction ignites after Cameron is employed at the Woolpack and later succumb as their love strengthens. However, back in the summer, Chas' half sister Gennie Walker (Sian Reese-Williams) discovered that half-sister Chas was having an affair with Cameron, but she ultimately decided to conceal her discovery upon the illicit couple agreeing to end the fling. The latest twist begins as Chas plays with fire by suggesting that Cameron should meet her at Gennie's place as nobody will be in. However, as the pair passionately kiss in the house, the front door suddenly opens and Gennie catches them red-handed! Sian Reese-Williams hinted that Gennie may be later involved with protecting her secret, commenting: "Nothing ever goes unpunished in soapland, does it? I'm sure that this won't, either. Gennie's role in keeping the secret will be brought up again, I'm sure. It's lurking in the background!" As Emmerdale's 40th anniversary episodes aired, Debbie, along with parents Cain Dingle and Charity Sharma, finally uncovered Chas' affair with Cameron, marking the climax of one of the biggest stories in Emmerdale's history. Temporary departure (2017) On 31 October 2016, Pargeter announced she was pregnant, and as such the character of Chas would be temporarily written out in 2017. Chas made her final appearance in the episode broadcast 31 March 2017, alongside actress Isobel Steele, who portrayed Olivia Flaherty, as Steele was also leaving temporarily to take her GCSEs. Pargeter gave birth to twin daughters in April 2017, and she returned to filming in August 2017. Chas made her on-screen return to the programme on 25 October 2017. Pregnancy and daughter's death In late 2017, producers reunited Chas and Paddy Kirk (Dominic Brunt). A few months later, Chas discovers she is pregnant. Laura Morgan of Digital Spy observed, "It's obvious why the Emmerdale writers love these two together – they have a strong bond, a shared history, and are first and foremost best mates who are not afraid to take the mickey out of each other. We've watched them co-parent Aaron over the years, but to see them have a biological child would be a whole new world." Chas initially decides to have an abortion, but she changes her mind while she is at the clinic and tells Paddy that she wants to be a mother again. In May 2018, Chas attends a scan alone, as she has mixed up the dates, and the sonographer notices something wrong with the baby. Chas is then informed that her baby has bilateral renal agenesis, a fatal condition in which the kidneys do not develop properly. Grace's birth takes place during an "experimental episode", in which Paddy imagines he and Chas have taken their daughter on a trip. Scenes show Grace when she is one, four, and 12 years old. Pargeter explained, "It's the kind of things they would have done with her if she'd have still been around – it's in their heads in the delivery room after she's just been born. They're thinking about all of the things that they won't get to do with her. They kind of go there with her in their minds." Pargeter believed the episode needed some "lightness" because of how sad the rest of the storyline is. Grace dies in Chas' arms at the end of the episode. Reception On Digital Spy's 2012 end of year reader poll, Chas and Cameron's affair was voted fourth in the "Best Storyline" category, receiving 8.9% of the vote. Pargeter was nominated for the "Best Actress" award at The British Soap Awards 2013, and was also nominated for the same award in 2014. For her portrayal of Chas, Pargeter won the accolade for Best Soap Actor (Female) at the 2018 Digital Spy Reader Awards. In 2019, Pargeter received a National Television Awards nomination in the Serial Drama Performance category for her portrayal of Chas. References External links Chas Dingle at itv.com Chas Dingle at What's on TV Chas Dingle at STV Chas Dingle at Holy Soap Emmerdale characters Television characters introduced in 2002 Female characters in television Fictional bartenders Fictional female businesspeople Fictional secretaries Fictional erotic dancers Fictional teenage parents Fictional taxi drivers Fictional factory workers Fictional waiting staff Fictional characters with psychiatric disorders Fictional characters with post-traumatic stress disorder Fictional prisoners and detainees
4014651	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercedes%2C%20Corrientes	Mercedes, Corrientes	Mercedes () is a city in the center of the . It is a first-class municipality with a population of 40,667 at the , and the head town of the department of the same name, which also includes the towns of Felipe Yofre and Mariano I. Loza. It is 275 km from the provincial capital, Corrientes, and 739 km from Buenos Aires. The town, founded in 1829, is served by several grade schools, including Escuela Normal Manuel Florencio Mantilla, Colegio San Carlos, Escuela Agrotécnica Eulogio Cruz Cabral, Escuela Comercial Nocturna Ejército Argentino, and Instituto Popular de Mercedes Manuel López Rodríguez. Mercedes is in the middle of an important livestock-raising area and hosts large livestock exhibitions and fairs. It has a Historical and Fine Arts Museum, as well as a Natural History Museum with more than 1,000 animal samples. There is a sanctuary in memory of the Gauchito Gil, a popular religious and folkloric figure, 10 km from the city. Climate The lowest temperature recorded in Mercedes was on July 29, 2021. Sports The city is home to the professional basketball team Club Comunicaciones (Mercedes), which plays its home games at the Estadio Cubierto Club Comunicaciones. References In Spanish. Portal of Mercedes - Official website. Portal of Argentina - Argentine portal. - School portal. Populated places in Corrientes Province
4014675	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen%20SP2	Volkswagen SP2	The SP2 is a sports car developed by Volkswagen do Brasil for the Brazilian market, and produced from 1972 until 1976. It is based on the Brazilian market Volkswagen 1600 Variant. The abbreviation "SP" is said to have stood for São Paulo or, according to other sources, for Special Project, Sport Prototype, Special Performance or SPort-Car. Origins of the project In the 1970s, the Brazilian market was closed for imports. The only sports car officially made there was the aging (and by then retired) Volkswagen Karmann Ghia, and its successor, the Karmann Ghia TC. Only independent car makers were able to fill the gap, notably Puma, Santa Matilde and Miura. "Project X" On March 1, 1968, Rudolf Wilhelm Karl Leiding (the CEO of the subsidiary and later of the entire company) took over the management of Volkswagen do Brasil in São Bernardo do Campo. In 1970, he launched "Project X": a sports car was to polish up Volkswagen's staid image in Brazil. In Márcio Lima Piancastelli and José Vicente Novita Martins, Leiding found designers who were as talented as they were eager. The lead engineer was initially Dr. Paulo Iványi, later Wilhelm Schmiemann. The result was a model study that was the first Volkswagen to wear the "Leiding face" later copied for example on the German VW 412. The model study was presented on March 24, 1971, at the German industrial fair in São Paulo, Aréa do Parvilhão da Bienal do Parque do Ibirapuera. Three companies were involved in the creation and production of the VW do Brasil sports coupe: - Volkswagen do Brasil, Factory 2 in São Paulo: design, engineering and development of the VW SP. - Volkswagen do Brasil, Anchieta factory in São Bernardo do Campo: production of all sheet metal parts. Production of chassis, engines, transmissions and axles on a special production line. - Karmann-Ghia do Brasil in São Bernardo do Campo: Production of the bodyshells from sheet metal supplied by Volkswagen in pure manual labor together with the Karmann Ghia TC on a production line. - Volkswagen do Brasil, Anchieta factory in São Bernardo do Campo: Painting of the body shells welded at Karmann-Ghia for quality reasons. - Karmann-Ghia do Brasil in São Bernardo do Campo: "Marriage" of the bodies painted at Volkswagen with the floor assemblies completed at Volkswagen and completion of the vehicles. - Volkswagen do Brasil, Anchieta factory in São Bernardo do Campo: Final inspection and delivery of the sports coupés delivered ready for sale by Karmann-Ghia do Brasil. - Volkswagen do Brasil, Factory 2 in São Paulo: Production-related vehicle testing on the local test track. Specifications The production SP2 was based on the platform of the Brazilian VW 1600 Variant with a front axle from the VW Beetle, but had a four-cylinder boxer engine - engine code "BL" - enlarged to 1700 ccm (flat radiator, as in the Type 3). This had 65 (DIN) hp and gave the SP2 a top speed of 161 km/h with a standard consumption of 10.5 l/100 km. The SP2 needed 17.4 seconds to sprint to 100 km/h. In addition, there was a weaker and more sparsely equipped version of the SP1 with a 54 (DIN) hp 1.6-liter boxer engine and 149 km/h top speed - engine code "BV" - which was discontinued in July 1974. Despite its sleek shape, the SP was significantly slower than the Puma, for example, although both models had very similar engines. However, the Puma was much lighter because of its GRP body. The SP had two trunks; a 140-liter one under the front hood and a 205-liter compartment in the rear, accessible via a large hatch. Despite many good features, the SP found too few buyers. As a result, SP2 production was ended in February 1976. A total of 10,206 units were produced, of which about 680 were exported (officially not to Europe). A 1973 example repainted by Volkswagen do Brasil from Astral Blue metallic to Lotus White can be seen in the collection of the Volkswagen AutoMuseum Foundation in Wolfsburg. The SP2 cost 29,700 cruzeiros (about 16,000 German marks at the time) in Brazil. Both SP models were plagued by a certain lack of power; according to a contemporary joke, the SP in the model name stood for "Sem Potência," Brazilian for "without power". Decline A car named SP1 was also built, similar in almost every aspects but the engine, logo and a few trim items. However, due to its very poor performance ( from a 1,600 ccm engine), it was soon discontinued, after only 84 units were built. Despite being praised by critics for its looks, the SP2 failed to beat its main competitor, the Puma, in the performance category. Although they used similar engines, the fiberglass-bodied Puma was much lighter. This resulted in low sales, and the SP2 was discontinued in February 1976. In total, 10,205 units were made; 670 were exported, of which 155 went to Nigeria. The car is now sought as a valuable collector's item. A white SP2 is displayed in AutoMuseum Volkswagen. While prices during the production time frame were roughly the same as alomost two VW Beetles, the price of a well-preserved example today is considerably higher than other VW models of its age. Successor attempts To remedy the VW SP2's lack of power, there were several attempts and different approaches. In this context, the following two attempts will be briefly presented: Volkswagen do Brasil developed the prototype Volkswagen SP3. The VW SP3 had the chassis and engine of the VW Passat TS with a water-cooled 1.6-liter in-line four-cylinder, a compression ratio of 7.5:1, dual carburetors, and an output of 85 SAE horsepower. Testing for the VW SP3 was already so far advanced that Volkswagen planned to unveil it at the 10th Motor Show in November 1976. But this did not happen for reasons of company policy. The idea of creating a successor model to the VW SP2 was taken up by the vehicle manufacturer Dacon S.A. in São Paulo. Dacon based its SP3 on the floor assembly of the VW SP2. Externally, the Dacon SP3 differed from the VW SP2 by its smooth surfaces without the red, wraparound side trim and black rubber protection, and by 6J×13 rims (from the Passat). The VW SP's characteristic air intakes gave way to discrete slots on the rear side windows, and a wide black grille sat above the front bumper. The 1.8-liter, 8.5:1 compression ratio engine produced 100 SAE hp and remained in the rear; the engine compartment also housed the air conditioning compressor. In the front, however, sat the water cooler. The interior featured leather-trimmed Porsche seats (Dacon was also a Porsche dealer until imports were banned). Transmission, suspension and brakes (discs in front, drums in the rear) were the same as the SP2, but parts were adapted and reinforced to the higher power. The prototype reached a top speed of 180 km/h and was manufactured at Karmann-Ghia do Brasil. The starting point for the Dacon SP3 was always a VW SP2. The end of production of the VW SP2 at the end of February 1976 was therefore problematic for Dacon. However, due to the extremely high price (the conversion of a VW SP2 to a Dacon SP3 alone was to cost 20% more than a brand-new Puma GTE), demand was very low. A new Volkswagen sports car directly inspired by the SP2 was considered for the Brazilian market, based on the Golf's platform. It got to the stage where 1:4 scale models produced, but did not progress due to disappointing sales of the similar Scirocco in Europe. Books The history of SP2 and its technical specifications are described in the 2021 book VW SP - A história de um ícone. The book was written in Portuguese by Juan Dierckx, a SP2 enthusiast living in Brazil. In February 2022, an even more detailed book on the history and technology of the VW SP2 was published in German by Claus-Thomas Bues, owner of a VW SP2 since 1987. Pictures References External links Marcio Piancastelli (designer) Mundo VOLKSWAGEN SP2 - Facebook Group for fans of the VW SP2 About SP1 and SP2 Club of enthusiasts of the model, with pictures (inclusive of the SP3 prototype, in ads of the time) Technical data German and English web page about this rare car German, English and Portuguese web page with a lot of stuff SP2 Cars of Brazil Rear-engined vehicles Cars powered by boxer engines Rear-wheel-drive vehicles Sports cars Coupés Cars introduced in 1972
4014696	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lonchopteridae	Lonchopteridae	The Lonchopteridae (spear-winged flies or pointed-wing flies) are a family of small (2–5 mm), slender, yellow to brownish-black Diptera, occurring all over the world. Their common name refers to their pointed wings, which have a distinct venation. Many are parthenogenic; males are very rare, however, at least in North American species, and have a somewhat different venation than do the females. Spear-winged flies are common in moist, shady, grassy areas, where the larvae are found within decaying vegetation. One species, Lonchoptera bifurcata, is cosmopolitan in distribution, and may have been transported via shipments of vegetables. Description For terms see Morphology of Diptera. The Lonchopteridae are minute, slender flies with long wings which are pointed at the apex. The head is rounded, with the outer vertical bristles, inner vertical bristles, ocellar bristles, interfrontal bristles, and bristles along the margin of the broad mouth very well developed. The mesonotum and scutellum and legs have well developed bristles. The radial vein R has three branches (R1, R2+3, R4+5). The median vein M is furcate (M1, M2). The anal vein A merges with the cubital vein Cu (female) or terminates freely (male). Systematics They are usually placed in the superfamily of flat-footed flies and allies (Platypezoidea). If the Platypezoidea are restricted to the flat-footed flies sensu stricto, the spear-winged flies are united with the Ironomyiidae and the coffin and scuttle flies (Phoridae) as Phoroidea. More rarely, they are treated as monotypic superfamily Lonchopteroidea. Four living genera are in this family, encompassing some 50 described species all together: Homolonchoptera Yang, 1998 Lonchoptera Meigen, 1803 Neolonchoptera Vaillant, 1989 Spilolonchoptera Yang, 1998 Two fossil genera of spear-winged flies have been described: Lonchopterites Grimaldi & Cumming, 1999 Lonchopteromorpha Grimaldi & Cumming, 1999 Species West Palaearctic including Russia Australasian/Oceanian Nearctic Japan World list References External links Lonchopteridae In Italian Lonchopteridae page at the Bishop Museum, Honolulu Family Lonchopteridae at EOL Image Gallery Photograph of Lonchoptera furcata Fallén Should be L. bifurcata. Photograph of Lonchoptera lutea Panzer Brachycera families Taxa named by Pierre-Justin-Marie Macquart
4014705	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonnier%20family	Bonnier family	The Bonnier family is a Swedish family, originally of German Jewish descent, who since the beginning of the 19th century has been active in the book industry and later also in the mass media industry. They own the media group Bonnier Group, with the largest owners being Åke Bonnier and Jonas Bonnier. The group has 175 companies in 18 countries. History The earliest known member of the patriarchal line of the family was a cloth salesman named Jacob Schye (born 1674), who was from the town of Sobědruhy (Soborten) in Bohemia (now in the Czech Republic). His son, the jeweler Löbel Schie (1718–1790), fathered the jeweler and coin dealer Löbel Salomon Hirschel (born 1745). Hirschel's son, Gutkind Hirschel (1778–1862), moved from Germany to Copenhagen, Denmark, in 1801 and changed his name to Gerhard Bonnier. There, Gerhard started a small book store in 1804. Gerhard's oldest son, Adolf Bonnier (1806–1867), moved to Gothenburg, Sweden, in 1827 to expand the family business. He started a library in the city the following year and another one in Stockholm a few years after. Adolf Bonnier started a publishing company, Albert Bonniers Förlag in 1837 and his two younger brothers, David Felix Bonnier (1822–1881) and Albert Bonnier (1820–1900), soon moved to Stockholm to help with the business. Notable members Gerhard Bonnier (1778–1862), book seller Albert Bonnier (1820–1900), publisher Eva Bonnier (1855–1907), painter Karl Otto Bonnier (1856–1941), publisher Tor Bonnier (1883–1976), publisher Åke Bonnier (1886–1979), publisher Albert Bonnier Jr. (1907–1989), publisher Joakim Bonnier (1930–1972), Formula One driver Lukas Bonnier (1922–2006), publisher Åke Bonnier (born 1957), bishop in the Diocese of Skara, today the second largest owner of the Bonnier Group. Jack Bonnier (born 1963), novelist Karl-Adam Bonnier (born 1934), entrepreneur Anna Rantala Bonnier (born 1983), Social worker and politician for Feminist Initiative. Gallery References Swedish publishers (people) Swedish mass media families Swedish people of Czech descent Swedish people of Jewish descent
4014713	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yau%20Kom%20Tau%20%28Tsing%20Yi%29	Yau Kom Tau (Tsing Yi)	Yau Kom Tau () is a geographical feature at the north shore of Tsing Yi Island in Hong Kong. It originally was a flat headland formed by a small hill with a bay, Ngau Kok Wan, on its east and a valley and a swamp on its west. Its natural shoreline was reclaimed for the relocation of shipyards from Cheung Sha Wan. There are only two roads, Tam Kon Shan Road and Tsing Yi North Coastal Road on the headland. Places in Hong Kong Tsing Yi
4014716	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LMS%20Stanier%20Class%208F%208233	LMS Stanier Class 8F 8233	LMS Stanier Class 8F No. 8233, War Department Nos. 307, and later 70307, Iranian State Railways No. 41-109, Longmoor Military Railway 500, British Railways No. 48773, is a preserved British steam locomotive. Its owners claim that it is "possibly Britain's most travelled preserved locomotive". Construction and use by the LMS 8233 was originally built in 1940 by the North British Locomotive Company of Glasgow, Works No. 24607 on the orders of the War Department, which had adopted the LMS Stanier Class 8F as its own standard. However, the Fall of France saw that it was not sent to mainland Europe with the British Expeditionary Force, as originally intended. Instead, it became LMS No. 8233 and was based out of Toton, Holbeck and Westhouses sheds. Export In 1941, No. 8233 was requisitioned by the War Department and sent to Persia (Iran), becoming Iranian State Railways No. 41-109, during which time, it derailed following a collision with a camel. In 1944, it was converted to oil-firing. In 1948, it was at Suez needing a new firebox and was almost scrapped, but was then returned to England in 1952 and overhauled at Derby Works. In 1954, the engine was no longer needed in the Middle East and went instead to the Longmoor Military Railway as WD. No. 500. British Rail and withdrawal In 1957, No. 500 was taken into British Railways stock as No. 48773. It was initially allocated to Polmadie (66A), and was withdrawn from there in 1962. However, it was reinstated in 1963 and transferred to Carlisle Kingmoor (12A). It was then transferred to Stockport (Edgeley, 9B) and Buxton (9L, though perhaps only on paper), and then to Bolton (9K) in September 1964. With the end of steam approaching, No. 48773 was transferred to the North West, moving to Rose Grove (10F) in July 1968. It worked its last main line train on 4 August 1968. During its last few years of service, No. 48773 had a diagonal yellow stripe painted on its cab side to indicate it was unable to operate south of Crewe as its top-feed was deemed to be out of gauge under the new 25 kV AC overhead electrification. However, as the locomotive's original War Department top-feed had been replaced by one of LMS pattern, enthusiasts have stated the cabside stripe was unnecessary since it would have in fact been within the loading gauge. Preservation In 1968, it was the subject of a late appeal to purchase it for preservation, it was then restored on the Severn Valley Railway. In 1975, it took part in the Shildon cavalcade as part of the 150th anniversary of Stockton and Darlington Railway. In 1977 it was featured in the original BBC 1 drama Survivors. In 1986, it was dedicated as a national war memorial to all British railway transport troops who died on active service in the Second World War. As of January 2014, it is on display in the Engine House, awaiting overhaul. Now retired from service, the locomotive requires a heavy overhaul, including mechanical and boiler work. It is thought she will need at least new tires and a new inner firebox to be perational again References External links The Stanier 8F Locomotive Society 8233 Preserved London, Midland and Scottish Railway steam locomotives Individual locomotives of Great Britain War Department locomotives Railway locomotives introduced in 1940 Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
4014728	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street%20%26%20Racing%20Technology	Street & Racing Technology	Street & Racing Technology (SRT) is a high-performance automobile group within Stellantis North America. Origins of the brand came back to 1989 when a team known as "Team Viper" was put together to develop the Dodge Viper. It later merged with Team Prowler, the developers of the Plymouth Prowler, to become Specialty Vehicle Engineering (SVE). This was renamed Performance Vehicle Operations (PVO) from January 2002 until around 2004. Since all PVO vehicles used the SRT brand, the development team itself was renamed SRT in 2004. SRT heavily tuned and produced vehicles for the Chrysler, Dodge, and Jeep brands, including police models for Chrysler/FCA Fleet Division. Overview The naming convention used by SRT for its models is indicative of the vehicle's engine type. The number that follows the "SRT" prefix denotes the number of engine cylinders. For example: the Chrysler 300C SRT8 has a 6.1 liter Hemi V-8; Therefore, the SRT version is known as the Chrysler 300C SRT-8. Similarly, the Dodge Viper SRT-10 along with the Dodge Ram SRT-10 had an 8.3 L V-10. Currently, the fastest SRT production models are the 2018 Dodge Challenger Demon with a quarter-mile time of 9.65 seconds, the 2021 Dodge Challenger SRT Super Stock with a quarter-mile time of 11.5 seconds, the 2021 Dodge Charger SRT Hellcat Redeye with a quarter-mile time of 10.6 seconds, the 2015 Dodge Charger Hellcat with a quarter-mile time of 11.0 seconds, the 2013 Dodge Viper with a quarter-mile time of 11.1 seconds, the 2015 Challenger Hellcat with a quarter-mile time of 11.2 seconds, the Dodge Durango SRT Hellcat with a quarter-mile time of 11.5 seconds, the Jeep Grand Cherokee Trackhawk with a quarter-mile time of 11.5, and the Dodge Challenger R/T Scat Pack 1320 with a quarter-mile time of 11.7 seconds. Other SRT models have recorded quarter-mile performances, from 12.8 seconds for the AMG-based Chrysler Crossfire SRT-6 to the Dodge Neon SRT-4 at 13.9 seconds. Chrysler released the 6.4L Hemi engine in early 2011. 2011-2014 SRT-8 versions have 392 HEMI (6.4L) engine, rated at and . The new engine is used in the 2012 Dodge Challenger SRT8, Dodge Charger SRT8, Chrysler 300 SRT8, and the Jeep Grand Cherokee SRT8. With the improved engine, the current SRT8 model is not only faster than the previous model but also has better fuel efficiency than the previous one. In 2012 Chrysler implemented a plan to turn SRT into a separate brand under the Chrysler Group umbrella. During the 2013 and 2014 model years, the Dodge Viper was sold under the model name SRT Viper. In May 2014, the SRT brand was re-consolidated under Dodge, with former SRT CEO Ralph Gilles continuing as senior vice president of product design and also as the CEO and president of Motorsports. In late 2014, Chrysler announced a new variant of the Dodge Challenger and Charger models named "SRT Hellcat" and another variant called the "SRT Demon" in early 2017. Current vehicles The current lineup from SRT are the Chrysler 300 SRT, Dodge Challenger SRT 392, Dodge Challenger SRT Hellcat, Dodge Challenger SRT Demon, Dodge Charger SRT 392, Dodge Charger SRT Hellcat, Dodge Charger Pursuit, Dodge Durango SRT 392, Dodge Durango Pursuit, Dodge Durango SRT Hellcat, Jeep Grand Cherokee SRT and Jeep Grand Cherokee Trackhawk. As for the Chrysler 300 SRT, the car is only sold in Australia, New Zealand, and the Middle East, whereas the US version has been discontinued. Previous vehicles Manufacturer engines SRT has made six engines so far, and one derived engine. Their first two engines were the third generation ZB I's 8.3-liter naturally aspirated Viper V10 and the Neon SRT-4's 2.4-liter turbocharged Inline-4. 4-cylinder engines SRT's 2.4-liter turbocharged Inline-4 for the Neon SRT-4 had produced in 2003 and later in 2004 and 2005. Another 2.4-liter inline-4 was made, but this time was based on the Chrysler World Engine, and was made for the Caliber SRT-4. That engine made . 6-cylinder engines The Crossfire SRT-6 never had a SRT-made engine, instead sourcing the M112k engines from Mercedes-Benz, (used in the Mercedes C32 AMG and SLK32 AMG), which produced . 8-cylinder engines SRT has built four V8s, which it has applied to five vehicles: Chrysler 300, Dodge Challenger, Dodge Charger, Dodge Magnum and Jeep Grand Cherokee. Their first V8 was a 6.1-liter naturally aspirated HEMI V8 engine that made . However, the Jeep Grand Cherokee SRT-8 only had . Their second unit is a 6.4-liter naturally aspirated Apache V8 engine that originally made but was upgraded to produce after 2014. SRT's most powerful variant is a 6.2-liter supercharged V8, with two separate units used on the Hellcat and Demon models. The Hellcat's version makes and the Demon's makes . On 100-octane fuel, though, the Demon's engine makes . 10-cylinder engines SRT's 10-cylinder engines have only been used in two models, the Viper and the Ram 1500 SRT-10. The first unit, an 8.3-liter naturally aspirated Viper V10 had made . The second unit used a larger bore and stroked 8.4-liter naturally aspirated Viper V10, which increased the power output to . The last generation Viper used a brand new engine, but still kept the 8.4-liter displacement. The engine produced , which then increased to after the Dodge-SRT absorption. SRT in China The Jeep Grand Cherokee SRT-8 is being sold in China by dealer import methods. Due to increasing interest in American muscle cars, dealers were considering also importing the Dodge Charger and Challenger SRT-8 into China. However, little to none of the Charger and Challenger imports to China have been confirmed. Chrysler Group leadership changes After two years of SRT as an independent division, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (now Stellantis) announced on May 4, 2014, that the SRT family of vehicles will be consolidated under the Dodge brand. This includes renaming the "SRT Viper" back again to the legendary "Dodge Viper". This will expand the Dodge lineup to focus on it as a performance-dedicated brand. See also Dodge R/T Vehicles References External links Drive SRT (archived, 15 Aug 2011) Dodge Official motorsports and performance division of automakers American Le Mans Series teams American auto racing teams WeatherTech SportsCar Championship teams 24 Hours of Le Mans teams
4014741	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldy%20Locks	Goldy Locks	Moon Shadow (born March 28, 1979) is an American singer and professional wrestling personality who uses the stage name Goldylocks or Goldy Locks. She is perhaps best known for her appearances with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling as an interviewer and manager. Early life Shadow was born to middle-class parents in a suburban neighborhood in North Minneapolis, Minnesota. Her father, a talented musician, taught her how to play the guitar, keyboard and violin. She is a Catholic. Musical career By 1999, Shadow was an opening act for artists like Pink. In 2000, Futuristic Records released her single "Kiss", a song she wrote and recorded in English, French, and Spanish. Total Nonstop Action Wrestling has used several of Goldy Locks' songs, most notably the tracks "Take It Out On You" for Alissa Flash, "Dodging Bullets" for Trinity, "Broken" for Tara, "I Tease, U Touch" for Brooke Tessmacher, "Hands of Wicked" for Winter, "Forever" for Thea Trinidad and "The Man in Me" for TNA Entertainment President Dixie Carter. Goldy Locks In June 2002 Shadow formed the band Goldy Locks, which tours all across the eastern United States, playing on average over 250 shows a year. Over the years the band has opened for the likes of Saliva, Sevendust, Nickelback, 3 Doors Down, Puddle of Mudd, Hurt, Theory of a Deadman, Collective Soul, Stevie Nicks, Pink, Bret Michaels Band, Rick Springfield, Ted Nugent, Pat Benatar, Maroon 5, The Fray, OneRepublic, Everclear, Powerman 5000, Ronnie Dunn, and Grand Funk Railroad. Goldy Locks has appeared on the following albums: "V" is For Viagra. The Remixes, TNA's Theme Songs, Top Cow Comics The Proximity Effect and Steve O's Jack Ass compilation, selling over a total of 430,000 copies. Featured on Steve O's Best of Jackass DVD. The band has worked with legendary producers: Michael Wagener, Michael Patterson, and Dale Oliver The band has also been involved in Shadow's motivational tour, called the Today I Won't Be Afraid Tour. This tour, based around the eponymous song, has been involved with numerous charities. These have included such groups as the YWCA, D.A.R.E., Deanna Farve's HOPE Foundation, Soles for Souls and the Tennessee Breast Cancer Coalition. In collaboration with the YWCA of Middle Tennessee a coffee table book was produced entitled: "Women of the YWCA. Today I Won't Be Afraid", featuring success stories of overcoming abuse, featured in the photos. The band has also performed numerous school shows, coupled with a motivational program hosted by Shadow. Professional wrestling career One of Shadow's concerts caught the attention of the upstart wrestling company NWA: Total Nonstop Action, who then hired her. Shadow took on the stage name Goldylocks and as a backstage interviewer who openly backtalked the wrestlers and later became a valet with a rich-girl gimmick. She first managed Erik Watts, her kayfabe love interest. Later, Goldylocks broke up with Watts and Abyss became her protector. Goldylocks had Abyss wrestle Watts, announcing her money was up for grabs against Watts' contract. Abyss won, and she sold the contract to bring in rookie Alex Shelley. Goldylocks and her new "Baby Bear" Shelley went on to claim more contracts in future matches, using Abyss (who was treated as "extra luggage") to lay claim to Sonny Siaki, D-Ray 3000, and Shark Boy. In these tag matches, Goldylocks had Abyss do all the work and then brought in Shelley to pin their opponent. When Watts returned to TNA, a match was set up matching Watts, Siaki, and Desire against Abyss, Goldylocks, and Shelley. Abyss turned on Goldylocks in this match and finally left her. Shadow left TNA shortly after, and turned her attention back to music. She continues to lend her services to the company, in the form of vocals for the theme songs of several TNA Knockouts as well as president Dixie Carter. Post-wrestling television career Since leaving TNA, Shadow has appeared on a number of television programs. In 2009, she appeared on the CMT show Running Wild...With Ted Nugent. Following that, in 2014, she appeared on an episode of Extreme Cheapskates, which airs on TLC. Appearing with her band, she showcased the ways in which she saves money on the road, as well as how she goes about her crafting. She has also been a video contributor for the CBS show The Talk. References External links Goldy Locks Band official site Online World of Wrestling profile Living people American female professional wrestlers American women rock singers Sportspeople from Minneapolis Professional wrestling managers and valets Musicians from Minneapolis 1979 births Singers from Minnesota American Roman Catholics Professional wrestlers from Minnesota 21st-century American women singers 21st-century American singers
4014744	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO%203166-2%3AHU	ISO 3166-2:HU	ISO 3166-2:HU is the entry for Hungary in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. Currently for Hungary, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 1 capital city, 19 counties, and 23 cities with county rights. The capital of the country Budapest has special status equal to the counties, while the cities with county rights, often called urban counties, have extended powers but are technically not independent of the counties. Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is , the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Hungary. The second part is two letters. Current codes Subdivision names are listed as in the ISO 3166-2 standard published by the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency (ISO 3166/MA). Click on the button in the header to sort each column. Changes The following changes to the entry have been announced by the ISO 3166/MA since the first publication of ISO 3166-2 in 1998: See also Subdivisions of Hungary FIPS region codes of Hungary NUTS codes of Hungary External links ISO Online Browsing Platform: HU Counties of Hungary, Statoids.com 2:HU ISO 3166-2 Hungary geography-related lists
4014747	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitrified%20fort	Vitrified fort	Vitrified forts are stone enclosures whose walls have been subjected to vitrification through heat. It was long thought that these structures were unique to Scotland, but they have since been identified in several other parts of western and northern Europe. Vitrified forts are generally situated on hills offering strong defensive positions. Their form seems to have been determined by the contour of the flat summits which they enclose. The walls vary in size, a few being upwards of high, and are so broad that they present the appearance of embankments. Weak parts of the defence are strengthened by double or triple walls, and occasionally vast lines of ramparts, composed of large blocks of unhewn and unvitrified stones, envelop the vitrified centre at some distance from it. The walls themselves are termed vitrified ramparts. No lime or cement has been found in any of these structures, all of them presenting the peculiarity of being more or less consolidated by the fusion of the rocks of which they are built. This fusion, which has been caused by the application of intense heat, is not equally complete in the various forts, or even in the walls of the same fort. In some cases the stones are only partially melted and calcined; in others their adjoining edges are fused so that they are firmly cemented together; in many instances pieces of rock are enveloped in a glassy enamel-like coating which binds them into a uniform whole; and at times, though rarely, the entire length of the wall presents one solid mass of vitreous substance. It is not clear why or how the walls were subjected to vitrification. Some antiquarians have argued that it was done to strengthen the wall, but the heating actually weakens the structure. Battle damage is also unlikely to be the cause, as the walls are thought to have been subjected to carefully maintained fires to ensure they were hot enough for vitrification to take place. The expert consensus explains vitrified forts as the product of deliberate destruction either following the capture of the site by an enemy force or by the occupants at the end of its active life as an act of ritual closure. The process has no chronological significance and is found during both Iron Age and early medieval forts in Scotland. List of forts Since John Williams, one of the earliest of British geologists, and author of The Natural History of the Mineral Kingdom, first described these singular ruins in 1777, over 70 examples have been discovered in Scotland. The most remarkable are: Dun Mac Sniachan (or Dun Mac Uisneachan), Argyll, the largest in area at 245 m by 50 m Benderloch, north of Oban; Craig Phadraig, or Phadrick, near Inverness; Ord Hill, North Kessock, near Inverness; Dun Deardail (or Dundbhairdghall) in Glen Nevis; Knock Farril (or Knockfarrel), near Strathpeffer, Dun Creich, in Sutherland; Finavon (or Finhaven), near Aberlemno; Barryhill, in Perthshire Laws, near Dundee; Dunagoil and Burnt Islands, in Buteshire Mote of Mark, (Rockcliffe) near Rockcliffe; Trusty's Hill, Anwoth, near Gatehouse of Fleet; Tap o' Noth, Aberdeenshire; Dunnideer Castle, Aberdeenshire Cowdenknowes, in Berwickshire; For a long time it was supposed that these forts were peculiar to Scotland; but they are found also in the Isle of Man (Cronk Sumark); County Londonderry and County Cavan, Ireland; in Upper Lusatia, Bohemia, Silesia, Saxony, and Thuringia; in the provinces on the Rhine, especially in the neighbourhood of the Nahe; in the Ucker Lake; in Brandenburg, where the walls are formed of burnt and smelted bricks; in Hungary; in several places in France, such as Châteauvieux (near Pionnat), Péran, La Courbe, Sainte-Suzanne, Puy de Gaudy, and Thauron; also rarely in the north of England. Castle Hill, Almondbury in Huddersfield, Yorkshire. Barksdale is a vitrified hill-fort in Uppland, Sweden. Appearance in media Arthur C. Clarke's Mysterious World The 16 September 1980 episode of Arthur C. Clarke's Mysterious World features a segment in which the archaeologist Ian Ralston examines the mystery of the vitrified fort Tap o' Noth and tries to recreate how it might be accomplished by piling stones and setting a massive bonfire, repeating the work of V. Gordon Childe and Wallace Thorneycroft in the 1930s. The experiment produced a few partially vitrified stones, but it was asserted that no answers were gleaned as to how large-scale forts could have been crafted with the approach tried in the programme. References External links Forts Forts in the Czech Republic Forts in France Forts in Germany Forts in Hungary Forts in Ireland Forts in Scotland History of glass Iron Age Scotland Early medieval archaeological cultures Scotland in the Early Middle Ages
4014755	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip%20Yea	Philip Yea	Philip Edward Yea (born 11 December 1954) is a British businessman and private equity investor, and the chairman of Equiniti and Mondi plc. He is a non-executive director of Aberdeen Standard Asia Focus plc and Marshall of Cambridge (Holdings) Ltd. He is a former chairman of Greene King plc (2016 to 2019) and bwin.party digital entertainment plc (2014 to 2016). He was chairman of the trustees at the British Heart Foundation from 2009 to 2015, and was an independent trustee director of The Francis Crick Institute during its formation (2011 to 2018). Prior to this, he was chief executive of 3i Group plc, from 2005 to January 2009. Yea was a non-executive director of Vodafone Group plc from 2005 to 2017 and senior business adviser to Prince Andrew, Duke of York. between 2009 and 2014. In 2008, he was ranked 41st in The Times Power 100 list, a list which rates the most powerful people in British business. Early life He attended Wallington County Grammar School and later obtained a degree in Modern Languages (French and Spanish) from Brasenose College, Oxford. Career Yea joined 3i in July 2004, after a career spanning both public and private companies, having been a managing director at Investcorp, where his main focus was on the performance of portfolio investments. He joined Investcorp in 1999 from Diageo. He spent six years as group finance director, both at Guinness and then at Diageo after Guinness's merger with Grand Metropolitan in 1997. Yea's thirteen-year career at Guinness/Diageo mainly involved financial positions but also saw him in a number of wider-ranging roles including the chairmanship of The Gleneagles Hotel and Guinness Publishing. He was also a director of Moët Hennessy. He has also been a non-executive director of HBOS plc and of Manchester United plc. Yea is a member of the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants. Personal life He is married with three children. References External links Philip Yea: The Acceptable Face of Private Equity. The Independent, 23 June 2007 The Poster Boy of Private Equity. The Telegraph, 8 July 2007 1954 births Living people People educated at Wallington County Grammar School Alumni of Brasenose College, Oxford Private equity and venture capital investors Manchester United F.C. directors and chairmen 3i Group people Vodafone people British chief executives British corporate directors
4014758	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lukas%20Bonnier	Lukas Bonnier	Per Lukas Daniel Bonnier (16 June 1922 – 8 February 2006) was a Swedish publisher. He was a member of the Bonnier family, the son of Tor Bonnier. Bonnier was president of Åhlen & Åkerlunds tidskriftsförlag from 1957–1978 and 1980–1982. He then became chairman of the board of Bonniers Tidskriftsförlag. In 1989, he succeeded his brother Albert as chairman of Bonnierföretagen. Lukas Bonnier obtained the rights to produce a comic book in Sweden, based on the comic The Phantom, and was a personal friend of The Phantom’s creator, Lee Falk. The Swedish comic book began in 1950 and is, as of 2006, still being published. References 1922 births 2006 deaths Swedish Jews Swedish speculative fiction publishers (people) Lukas Swedish Army officers 20th-century Swedish businesspeople
4014769	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Individual	The Individual	The Individual is the journal of the Society for Individual Freedom published in London, the United Kingdom. It was started in October 1976 as a newsletter under the title Newsletter of the Society for Individual Freedom. The magazine is published two or three times per year. Since 2002 Nigel Gervas Meek has served as the editor of the magazine. Paul Anderton is the former editor. References External links The Individual Biannual magazines published in the United Kingdom Magazines established in 1976 Political magazines published in the United Kingdom Triannual magazines published in the United Kingdom Downloadable magazines Magazines published in London
4014770	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastaboga%2C%20Alabama	Eastaboga, Alabama	Eastaboga is an unincorporated community on the border of Talladega and Calhoun counties in the U.S. state of Alabama. It was previously called McFall, named for a settling family in the 1850s, and incorporated in 1898, only to be disincorporated in 1901. The original community of Eastaboga was to the south and became known as Old Eastaboga after McFall's name was changed to Eastaboga. Eastaboga (historically Estaboga) means "where the people reside" in Muscogee, a Native American language. Geography Eastaboga is located in the northern part of Talladega County on the border with Calhoun County. The city is located along U.S. Route 78 about 2 mi (3 km) north of Interstate 20, which runs west to east south of the community, with access from exit 173. Via I-20, Birmingham is 51 mi (82 km) west, and Atlanta is 100 mi (160 km) east. The largest city of over 20,000 people in the area is Anniston, which is east 13 mi (21 km) via I-20 or US 78. Demographics The present unincorporated community of Eastaboga was listed as the incorporated town of McFall on the 1900 census and had 820 residents. Of that, a majority, 482, lived on the Talladega County side, and 338 lived on the Calhoun County side. It was disincorporated after just 3 years in 1901 and the post office closed under that name in 1906. At some point on, it was renamed Eastaboga (while the nearby community to the south of the same name became "Old Eastaboga"). Notable people Howie Camp, former Major League Baseball outfielder for the New York Yankees Johnny Ray, NASCAR driver Kevin Ray, NASCAR driver Adam Paul Reynolds, Navy Corpsman involved in OIF and OEF conflicts. William,Bill,Brewer notable local legend. Football player as noted in the Anniston Star and Talladega Daily home newspapers. Darrell Ingram notable local legend. Football player noted in Anniston Star newspaper in the 1968-69 also all conference baseball player in Gulf South Conference in 73–75. See also Old Eastaboga, Alabama References Unincorporated communities in Calhoun County, Alabama Unincorporated communities in Alabama
4014772	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competence%20%28human%20resources%29	Competence (human resources)	Competence is the set of demonstrable characteristics and skills that enable and improve the efficiency or performance of a job. The term "competence" first appeared in an article authored by R.W. White in 1959 as a concept for performance motivation. In 1970, Craig C. Lundberg defined the concept in "Planning the Executive Development Program". The term gained traction when in 1973, David McClelland wrote a seminal paper entitled, "Testing for Competence Rather Than for Intelligence". The term was used by McClelland commissioned by the State Department, to extract characteristics common to high-performing agents of embassy, and to help them recruit and develop. It has since been popularized by Richard Boyatzis and many others, such as T.F. Gilbert (1978) who used the concept in relationship to performance improvement. Its use varies widely, which leads to considerable misunderstanding. Some scholars see "competence" as a combination of practical and theoretical knowledge, cognitive skills, behavior and values used to improve performance; or as the state or quality of being adequately or well qualified, having the ability to perform a specific role. For instance, management competency might include systems thinking and emotional intelligence, and skills in influence and negotiation. Studies on competency indicate that competency covers a very complicated and extensive concept, and different scientists have different definitions of competency. In 1982, Zemek conducted a study on the definition of competence. He interviewed several specialists in the field of training to evaluate carefully what makes competence. After the interviews, he concluded: "There is no clear and unique agreement about what makes competency." Here are several definitions of competency by various researchers: Hayes (1979): Competences generally include knowledge, motivation, social characteristic and roles, or skills of one person in accordance with the demands of organizations of their clerks. Boyatzis (1982): Competence lies in the individual's capacity which superposes the person's behavior with needed parameters as the results of this adaptation make the organization to hire him. Albanese (1989): Competences are individual's characteristics which are used to effect on the organization's management. Woodruff (1991): Competence is a combination of two topics of personal competence and merit at work. Personal merit is a concept which refers to the dimensions of artificial behavior in order to show the competence performance and merit at work depends on the competences of the person in his field. Mansfield (1997): The personal specifications which effect on a better performance are called competence. Standard (2001) ICB (IPMA Competence Baseline): Competence is a group of knowledge, personal attitudes, skills and related experiences which are needed for the person's success. Rankin (2002): A collection of behaviors and skills which people are expected to show in their organization. Unido (United Nations Industrial Development Organization) (2002): Competence is defined as knowledge, skill and specifications which can cause one person to act better, not considering his special proficiency in that job. Industrial Development Organization of United States (2002): Competences are a collection of personal skills related to knowledge and personal specifications which can make competence in people without having practices and related specialized knowledge. CRNBC (College Of Registered Nurses Of British Columbia) (2009): Competences are a collection of knowledge, skills, behavior and power of judging which can cause competence in people without having enough practice and specialized knowledge. Hay group (2012): Measurable characteristics of a person which are related to efficient actions at work, organization and special culture. Chan and her team (the University of Hong Kong) (2017, 2019): Holistic competency is an umbrella term inclusive of different types of generic skills (e.g. critical thinking, problem-solving skills), positive values, and attitudes (e.g. resilience, appreciation for others) which are essential for students’ life-long learning and whole-person development. The ARZESH Competency Model (2018): Competency is a series of knowledge, abilities, skills, experiences and behaviors, which leads to the effective performance of individual's activities. Competency is measurable and could be developed through training. It is also breakable into the smaller criteria. Competency is also used as a more general description of the requirements of human beings in organizations and communities. If someone is able to do required tasks at the target level of proficiency, they are "competent" in that area. Competency is sometimes thought of as being shown in action in a situation and context that might be different the next time a person has to act. In emergencies, competent people may react to a situation following behaviors they have previously found to succeed. To be competent a person would need to be able to interpret the situation in the context and to have a repertoire of possible actions to take and have trained in the possible actions in the repertoire, if this is relevant. Regardless of training, competency would grow through experience and the extent of an individual's capacity to learn and adapt. However, research has found that it is not easy to assess competencies and competence development. Overview Competency has multiple different meanings, and remains one of the most diffuse terms in the management development sector, and the organizational and occupational literature. Competencies are also what people need to be successful in their jobs. Job competencies are not the same as job task. Competencies include all the related knowledge, skills, abilities, and attributes that form a person's job. This set of context-specific qualities is correlated with superior job performance and can be used as a standard against which to measure job performance as well as to develop, recruit, and hire employees. Competencies and competency models may be applicable to all employees in an organization or they may be position specific. Identifying employee competencies can contribute to improved organizational performance. They are most effective if they meet several critical standards, including linkage to, and leverage within an organization's human resource system. Core competencies differentiate an organization from its competition and create a company's competitive advantage in the marketplace. An organizational core competency is its strategic strength. Competencies provide organizations with a way to define in behavioral terms what it is that people need to do to produce the results that the organization desires, in a way that is in keep with its culture. By having competencies defined in the organization, it allows employees to know what they need to be productive. When properly defined, competencies, allows organizations to evaluate the extent to which behaviors employees are demonstrating and where they may be lacking. For competencies where employees are lacking, they can learn. This will allow organizations to know potentially what resources they may need to help the employee develop and learn those competencies. Competencies can distinguish and differentiate your organization from your competitors. While two organizations may be alike in financial results, the way in which the results were achieve could be different based on the competencies that fit their particular strategy and organizational culture. Lastly, competencies can provide a structured model that can be used to integrate management practices throughout the organization. Competencies that align their recruiting, performance management, training and development and reward practices to reinforce key behaviors that the organization values. Dreyfus and Dreyfus on competency development Dreyfus and Dreyfus introduced nomenclature for the levels of competence in competency development. The causative reasoning of such a language of levels of competency may be seen in their paper on Calculative Rationality titled, "From Socrates to Expert Systems: The Limits and Dangers of Calculative Rationality". The five levels proposed by Dreyfus and Dreyfus were: Novice: Rule-based behaviour, strongly limited and inflexible Experienced Beginner: Incorporates aspects of the situation Practitioner: Acting consciously from long-term goals and plans Knowledgeable practitioner: Sees the situation as a whole and acts from personal conviction Expert: Has an intuitive understanding of the situation and zooms in on the central aspects The process of competency development is a lifelong series of doing and reflecting. As competencies apply to careers as well as jobs, lifelong competency development is linked with personal development as a management concept. And it requires a special environment, where the rules are necessary in order to introduce novices, but people at a more advanced level of competency will systematically break the rules if the situations requires it. This environment is synonymously described using terms such as learning organization, knowledge creation, self-organizing and empowerment. Within a specific organization or professional community, professional competency is frequently valued. They are usually the same competencies that must be demonstrated in a job interview. But today there is another way of looking at it: that there are general areas of occupational competency required to retain a post, or earn a promotion. For all organizations and communities there is a set of primary tasks that competent people have to contribute to all the time. For a university student, for example, the primary tasks could be: Handling theory Handling methods Handling the information of the assignment The four general areas of competency are: Meaning Competency: The person assessed must be able to identify with the purpose of the organization or community and act from the preferred future in accordance with the values of the organization or community. Relation Competency: The ability to create and nurture connections to the stakeholders of the primary tasks must be shown. Learning Competency: The person assessed must be able to create and look for situations that make it possible to experiment with the set of solutions that make it possible to complete the primary tasks and reflect on the experience. Change Competency: The person assessed must be able to act in new ways when it will promote the purpose of the organization or community and make the preferred future come to life. McClelland and occupational competency The Occupational Competency movement was initiated by David McClelland in the 1960s with a view to moving away from traditional attempts to describe competency in terms of knowledge, skills and attitudes and to focus instead on the specific self-image, values, traits, and motive dispositions (i.e. relatively enduring characteristics of people) that are found to consistently distinguish outstanding from typical performance in a given job or role. Different competencies predict outstanding performance in different roles, and that there is a limited number of competencies that predict outstanding performance in any given job or role. Thus, a trait that is a "competency" for one job might not predict outstanding performance in a different role. There is hence research on competencies needed in specific jobs or contexts. Nevertheless, there have been developments in research relating to the nature, development, and assessment of high-level competencies in homes, schools, and workplaces. Perez-Capdevila and labor competencies The most recent definition has been formalized by Javier Perez-Capdevila in 2017, who has written that the competences are fusions obtained from the complete mixture of the fuzzy sets of aptitudes and attitudes possessed by employees, both in a general and singular way. In these fusions, the degree of belonging to the resulting group expresses the extent to which these competencies are possessed. Benefits of competencies Competency models can help organizations align their initiatives to their overall business strategy. By aligning competencies to business strategies, organizations can better recruit and select employees for their organizations. Competencies have become a precise way for employers to distinguish superior from average or below average performance. The reason for this is because competencies extend beyond measuring baseline characteristics and or skills used to define and assess job performance. In addition to recruitment and selection, a well sound Competency Model will help with performance management, succession planning and career development. Career paths: Development of stepping stones necessary for promotion and long-term career-growth Clarifies the skills, knowledge, and characteristics required for the job or role in question and for the follow-on jobs Identifies necessary levels of proficiency for follow-on jobs Allows for the identification of clear, valid, legally defensible and achievable benchmarks for employees to progress upward Takes the guesswork out of career progression discussions Identifying skill gaps: Knowing whether employees are capable of performing their role in achieving corporate strategy Enables people to perform competency assessments in order to identify skill gaps at an individual and aggregate level When self-assessments are included, drives intrinsic motivation for individuals to close their own gaps Identifies re-skilling and upskilling opportunities for individuals, or consideration of other job roles Ensures organizations can rapidly act, support their people, and remain competitive Performance management: Provides regular measurement of targeted behaviors and performance outcomes linked to job competency profile critical factors. Provides a shared understanding of what will be monitored, measured, and rewarded Focuses and facilitates the performance appraisal discussion appropriately on performance and development Provides focus for gaining information about a person's behavior on the job Facilitates effectiveness goal-setting around required development efforts and performance outcomes Selection: The use of behavioral interviewing and testing where appropriate, to screen job candidates based on whether they possess the key necessary job competency profile: Provides a complete picture of the job requirements Increases the likelihood of selecting and interviewing only individuals who are likely to succeed on the job Minimizes the investment (both time and money) in people who may not meet the company's expectations Enables a more systematic and valid interview and selection process Helps distinguish between competencies that are trainable after hiring and those are more difficult to develop Succession planning: Careful, methodical preparation focused on retaining and growing the competency portfolios critical for the organization to survive and prosper Provides a method to assess candidates’ readiness for the role Focuses training and development plans to address missing competencies or gaps in competency proficiency levels Allows an organization to measures its “bench strength”—the number of high-potential performers and what they need to acquire to step up to the next level Provides a competency framework for the transfer of critical knowledge, skills, and experience prior to succession – and for preparing candidates for this transfer via training, coaching and mentoring Informs curriculum development for leadership development programs, a necessary component for management succession planning Training and development: Development of individual learning plans for individual or groups of employees based on the measurable “gaps” between job competencies or competency proficiency levels required for their jobs and the competency portfolio processed by the incumbent. Focuses training and development plans to address missing competencies or raise level of proficiency Enables people to focus on the skills, knowledge and characteristics that have the most impact on job effectiveness Ensures that training and development opportunities are aligned with organizational needs Makes the most effective use of training and development time and dollars Provides a competency framework for ongoing coaching and feedback, both development and remedial Types of competencies Behavioral competencies: Individual performance competencies are more specific than organizational competencies and capabilities. As such, it is important that they be defined in a measurable behavioral context in order to validate applicability and the degree of expertise (e.g. development of talent) Core competencies: Capabilities and/or technical expertise unique to an organization, i.e. core competencies differentiate an organization from its competition (e.g. the technologies, methodologies, strategies or processes of the organization that create competitive advantage in the marketplace). An organizational core competency is an organization's strategic strength. Functional competencies: Functional competencies are job-specific competencies that drive proven high-performance, quality results for a given position. They are often technical or operational in nature (e.g., "backing up a database" is a functional competency). Management competencies: Management competencies identify the specific attributes and capabilities that illustrate an individual's management potential. Unlike leadership characteristics, management characteristics can be learned and developed with the proper training and resources. Competencies in this category should demonstrate pertinent behaviors for management to be effective. Organizational competencies: The mission, vision, values, culture and core competencies of the organization that sets the tone and/or context in which the work of the organization is carried out (e.g. customer-driven, risk taking and cutting edge). How we treat the patient is part of the patient's treatment. Technical competencies: Depending on the position, both technical and performance capabilities should be weighed carefully as employment decisions are made. For example, organizations that tend to hire or promote solely on the basis of technical skills, i.e. to the exclusion of other competencies, may experience an increase in performance-related issues (e.g. systems software designs versus relationship management skills) Examples: Attention to detail Is alert in a high-risk environment; follows detailed procedures and ensures accuracy in documentation and data; carefully monitors gauges, instruments or processes; concentrates on routine work details; organizes and maintains a system of records. Commitment to safety Understands, encourages and carries out the principles of integrated safety management; complies with or oversees the compliance with Laboratory safety policies and procedures; completes all required ES&H training; takes personal responsibility for safety. Communication Writes and speaks effectively, using conventions proper to the situation; states own opinions clearly and concisely; demonstrates openness and honesty; listens well during meetings and feedback sessions; explains reasoning behind own opinions; asks others for their opinions and feedback; asks questions to ensure understanding; exercises a professional approach with others using all appropriate tools of communication; uses consideration and tact when offering opinions. Cooperation/teamwork Works harmoniously with others to get a job done; responds positively to instructions and procedures; able to work well with staff, co-workers, peers and managers; shares critical information with everyone involved in a project; works effectively on projects that cross functional lines; helps to set a tone of cooperation within the work group and across groups; coordinates own work with others; seeks opinions; values working relationships; when appropriate facilitates discussion before decision-making process is complete. Customer service Listens and responds effectively to customer questions; resolves customer problems to the customer's satisfaction; respects all internal and external customers; uses a team approach when dealing with customers; follows up to evaluate customer satisfaction; measures customer satisfaction effectively; commits to exceeding customer expectations. Flexibility Remains open-minded and changes opinions on the basis of new information; performs a wide variety of tasks and changes focus quickly as demands change; manages transitions from task to task effectively; adapts to varying customer needs. Job knowledge/technical knowledge Demonstrates knowledge of techniques, skills, equipment, procedures and materials. Applies knowledge to identify issues and internal problems; works to develop additional technical knowledge and skills. Initiative and creativity Plans work and carries out tasks without detailed instructions; makes constructive suggestions; prepares for problems or opportunities in advance; undertakes additional responsibilities; responds to situations as they arise with minimal supervision; creates novel solutions to problems; evaluates new technology as potential solutions to existing problems. Innovation Able to challenge conventional practices; adapts established methods for new uses; pursues ongoing system improvement; creates novel solutions to problems; evaluates new technology as potential solutions to existing problems. Judgement Makes sound decisions; bases decisions on fact rather than emotion; analyzes problems skillfully; uses logic to reach solutions. Leadership: Able to become a role model for the team and lead from the front. Reliable and have the capacity to motivate subordinates. Solves problems and takes important decisions. Organization Able to manage multiple projects; able to determine project urgency in a practical way; uses goals to guide actions; creates detailed action plans; organizes and schedules people and tasks effectively. Problem solving Anticipates problems; sees how a problem and its solution will affect other units; gathers information before making decisions; weighs alternatives against objectives and arrives at reasonable decisions; adapts well to changing priorities, deadlines and directions; works to eliminate all processes which do not add value; is willing to take action, even under pressure, criticism or tight deadlines; takes informed risks; recognizes and accurately evaluates the signs of a problem; analyzes current procedures for possible improvements; notifies supervisor of problems in a timely manner. Quality control Establishes high standards and measures; is able to maintain high standards despite pressing deadlines; does work right the first time and inspects work for flaws; tests new methods thoroughly; considers excellence a fundamental priority. Quality of Work Maintains high standards despite pressing deadlines; does work right the first time; corrects own errors; regularly produces accurate, thorough, professional work. Quantity of work Produces an appropriate quantity of work; does not get bogged down in unnecessary detail; able to manage multiple projects; able to determine project urgency in a meaningful and practical way; organizes and schedules people and tasks. Reliability Personally responsible; completes work in a timely, consistent manner; works hours necessary to complete assigned work; is regularly present and punctual; arrives prepared for work; is committed to doing the best job possible; keeps commitments. Responsiveness to requests for service Responds to requests for service in a timely and thorough manner; does what is necessary to ensure customer satisfaction; prioritizes customer needs; follows up to evaluate customer satisfaction. Staff development Works to improve the performance of oneself and others by pursuing opportunities for continuous learning/feedback; constructively helps and coaches others in their professional development; exhibits a “can-do” approach and inspires associates to excel; develops a team spirit. Support of diversity Treats all people with respect; values diverse perspectives; participates in diversity training opportunities; provides a supportive work environment for the multicultural workforce; applies the employer's philosophy of equal employment opportunity; shows sensitivity to individual differences; treats others fairly without regard to race, sex, color, religion, or sexual orientation; recognizes differences as opportunities to learn and gain by working together; values and encourages unique skills and talents; seeks and considers diverse perspectives and ideas. Building a competency model Many Human Resource professionals are employing a competitive competency model to strengthen nearly every facet of talent management—from recruiting and performance management, to training and development, to succession planning and more. A job competency model is a comprehensive, behaviorally based job description that both potential and current employees and their managers can use to measure and manage performance and establish development plans. Often there is an accompanying visual representative competency profile as well (see, job profile template). Creating a competency framework is critical for both employee and system success. An organization cannot produce and develop superior performers without first identifying what superior performance is. In the traditional method, organizations develop behavioral interview questions, interview the best and worst performers, review the interview data (tracking and coding how frequently keywords and descriptions were repeated, selecting the SKAs that demonstrated best performance and named the competencies) One of the most common pitfalls that organizations stumble upon is that when creating a competency model they focus too much on job descriptions instead the behaviors of an employee. Experts say that the steps required to create a competency model include: Gathering information about job roles. Interviewing subject matter experts to discover current critical competencies and how they envision their roles changing in the future. Identifying high-performer behaviors. Creating, reviewing (or vetting) and delivering the competency model. Once the competency model has been created, the final step involves communicating how the organization plans to use the competency model to support initiatives such as recruiting, performance management, career development, succession planning as well as other HR business processes. The problem with the traditional method is the time that it takes to build. Agile Method for building a competency model Because skills are changing so rapidly, by the time the traditional method is completed, the competency model may already be out of date. For this reason, an agile method, designed to model top performers in a particular role, may be used. It includes these steps: Select 4-6 high performing job incumbents, whose behavior you wish to model, to participate in a workshop Conduct a one-day rapid job analysis workshop to capture the categories of things they do, what they do, and how they do it, including what separates good from great Draft the details of the competency model based on the workshop and provide it to the workshop participants for review and editing Consolidate draft feedback and conduct a live workshop with participants to come to consensus about changes Identify the target level of proficiency for each task in the model based on the final behaviors Optionally vet the completed model with a larger group of high performing job incumbents Begin making the competency model actionable, and plan a formal review with other high performing job incumbents at least annually to ensure currency This method typically takes 3 weeks. Arzesh Competency Model This method introduces different steps of model implementation as follows: 1- Identification of competencies 2- Ranking competencies 3- Creation of databases 4- Creation of the final model For Creation of Final Model, It describes these Steps: 1- Defining competency 2- Identifying the main competencies - Identifying the main competency criteria 3- Establishing competencies database 4- Establishing managers’ database 5- Establishing Competency Ranking database - Selecting suitable method of quantification - Determining the weight of each criterion and prioritization of the competency criteria 6- Establishing Managers’ Ranking database - Assess the Competency of Managers by experienced managers qualified with expedience and allocation α ijk - Concise evaluation by Assessment and Allocation Centers β ijk - Calculation of the competency number of each manager for each competency criterion and calculation of the average competency of each manager (a) Modeling in the project competencies section follows these steps: The model plan for the second part is as follows: 1- Determining the status of the organization 2- Establishing a database of organization's projects 3- Find the Determine the complexity number range 4- Choosing the manager with the same score as the obtained number for each project and assign it to the project Outsourcing competency models The most frequently mentioned “cons” mentioned by competency modeling experts regarding creating a competency model is time and expense. This is also a potential reason why some organizations either don't have a competency model in place or don't have a complete and comprehensive competency model in place. Building a competency model requires careful study of the job, group, and organization of industry. The process often involves researching performance and success, interviewing high performing incumbents, conducting focus groups and surveys. When asked in a recent webcast hosted by the Society of Human Resource Management (SHRM), 67 percent of webcast attendees indicated that hastily written job descriptions may be the root cause of incomplete competencies. Defining and compiling competencies is a long process that may sometimes require more effort and time than most organizations are willing to allocate. Instead of creating a competency model themselves, organizations are enlisting the help of specialist/consultants to assess their organization and create a unique competency model specific to their organization. There are many ways that organizations can outsource these functions. However, many competency models which have been created are usable in many companies. The most important of these are introduced: 1-Project Manager Competence Development Framework (PMCDF) PMCDF framework, studied since 1997, is the first standard of the Project Management Institute (PMI) addressing the issue of "improving performance of project staff". This standard is an important step in continuing the mission of this association for definition of the body of knowledge supporting project management profession and provision of standards for its application. PMCDF framework aims to help project managers and those interested in project management to manage their profession development. 2-Project Manager Competency Framework (ICB) The International Project Management Institute has divided the project management competencies into three categories: technical, behavioral and structural-environment. According to this standard, we need 46 elements to describe the competency of the project manager (a professional specialist who plans and controls the project). 3-National Competency Standards for Project Management (NCSPM) The AIPM (Austrian Institute for project management) was formed in 1976 as the project manager's forum and has been instrumental in progressing the profession of project management in Australia. The AIPM developed and documented their standard as the Australian national competency standards for project management. 4-The Model for selection of competent manager in constructional projects This model is designed based on the special conditions of constructional projects. In this model, first, the characteristics of a competent manager based on studies conducted on various standards and models of the world, and after studies on competency in the scientific and traditional attitudes, are divided into several categories and, finally, after identification of the criteria and measurable criteria and sub-criteria, with the help of the network analysis process, each of the criteria and sub-criteria is weighed in two different companies, and finally ranked among the identified factors and based on the weighted average of each of the sub-criteria, for selection of a competent manager among several volunteer managers, modeling is performed. The following figure shows the criteria and sub-criteria required for selection of the competent manager. 5-South African National Competency Model (SABPP) On October 16, 2012, a major human resources organization which was called SABPP created a National Competency Model for South Africa. SABPP is not only a professional organization in the field of Human resource researches but also active in the field of training logistics. This company has developed training programs in the field of management and industrial psychology. Therefore, in development of this model, the views of industrial psychologists have been used. Dr. Lydia Silichemith has headed the research group. According to his early studies, creation of SABPP's competency model is important because it describes the requirements for any professional in a variety of occupational contexts. 6-The Arzesh Competency Model Based on this model, a suitability model should follow the following objectives: 1- Merit 2. Educate future managers. The purpose of this model is to deserve and develop the culture of success in organizations. The value model tries to identify and develop, within several stages, the competencies of its forces: First step - Identify the capabilities of the organization's human resources Stage II - Identification of job competencies Third stage - Human Resource Ranking Step Four - Meritocracy: Use people in posts that are commensurate with their competencies. Competency libraries Organizations that don't have the time or resources to build to develop competencies can purchase comprehensive competency libraries online. These universal competencies are applicable to all organizations across functions. Organizations can then take these competencies and begin building a competency model. Specialists/consultants For organizations that find they want a specialist to help create a competency model, outsourcing the entire process is also possible. Through outsourcing, a specialist/consultant can work with your company to pinpoint the root causes of your workforce challenges. By identifying these workforce challenges, customized action plans can then be created to meet the specific needs. Typically, these solutions are unique to every organization's culture and challenges. Competency identification Competencies required for a post are identified through job analysis or task analysis, using techniques such as the critical incident technique, work diaries, and work sampling. A future focus is recommended for strategic reasons. See also , the tendency for incompetent people to grossly overestimate their skills , the tendency for competent workers to be promoted just beyond the level of their competence , management style References Further reading Eraut, M. (1994). Developing Professional Knowledge and Competence. London: Routledge. Gilbert, T.F. (1978). Human Competence. Engineering Worthy Performance. New York: McGraw-Hill. Human resource management
4014773	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjudicator	Adjudicator	An adjudicator is someone who presides, judges, and arbitrates during a formal dispute or competition. They have numerous purposes, including preliminary legal judgments, to determine applicant eligibility, or to assess contenders' performance in competitions. Types Arbiters An example is a person who makes a preliminary judgment as to an unemployment insurance claim. An adjudicator makes an initial decision to keep a case from going to court. Although the adjudicator's decision does not have legal weight, the adjudicator has rendered a decision. Although a case can be appealed to a judge, the adjudicator's decision is frequently accepted as the same as what a judge would make, keeping many time-consuming cases out of the court system. Decision-making panels The term is used to refer to a panel of judges in the process of considering security clearances for the United States government. The panel reviews information from a background investigation and a polygraph and decides whether to grant the clearance. Adjudicators can be a medical review board that makes disability and retirement benefit decisions for Federal employees and military personnel. Adjudicators also exist for immigration benefits. Official evaluations An adjudicator (often referred to as a "judge", "umpire", "arbiter", or more archaically as a "daysman"), is a person who gives a critical evaluation of performances in competitions, festivals or talent shows, resulting in the award of marks, medals or prizes. In BP debate, an adjudicator weighs arguments and decides rankings in the house. There are different types of adjudicators, each with their respective duties and levels of authority: chair, panelist, and trainee. In the event that the chair is the chief adjudicator of the tournament, they are referred to as "Speaker". References Sources Adjudicators Field Manual, United States Department of Homeland Security, Citizenship and Immigration Services Legal professions Scots law general titles Law of the United Kingdom
4014781	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy%20Lennon	Andy Lennon	Andy Lennon (September 1, 1914 - November 24, 2007) is most notably associated with his work in advanced model aircraft design. Background Lennon was involved in aviation since the age of 15, when he went for a short ride in a Curtiss Robin. He soon joined the Montreal Flying Club and began flying D.H. Gypsy Moths and early two-place Aeronca cabin monoplanes. He was educated in Canada at Edward VII School, Strathcona Academy, Montreal Technical School, McGill University and the University of Western Ontario, (London, Ontario). Involvement in Manufacturing Lennon entered the Canadian aircraft manufacturing industry and later moved to general manufacturing as an industrial engineer. Throughout his career, he continued to study aeronautics, particularly aircraft design, aviation texts, NACA and NASA reports and aviation periodicals. He tested many aeronautics theories by designing, building and flying nearly 25 experimental R/C models-miniatures of potential light aircraft. One model, the Seagull III was a flying boat with wide aerobatic capabilities. Lennon was a licensed pilot in the United States and Canada. Contributions in Literature Lennon was a contributing editor to Model Airplane News, Model Aviation, Model Builder, RC Modeler, Fly RC and RC Models and Electronics. He wrote several books: "Basics of R/C Model Aircraft Design", "R/C Model Airplane Design" and "Canard: A Revolution in Flight." His last book was published in 1996, has been reprinted twice since. Andy's authority in aerodynamics and related studies are well acknowledged by leaders in the aviation industry. His book "Canard: A Revolution in Flight" had the foreword written by Burt Rutan, a fitting authority in Canard design. For his last book "Basics of R/C Model Aircraft Design", Bob Kress, who designed the F-14, among other designs, wrote the introduction. Model Design Development Lennon, since 1957, has designed and published a wide range of model aircraft in various publications. These designs each represented features specific to that particular plane. The current list of his published designs is as follows, in order of publication: Model Airplane News Oct. 1957: Flamingo Flying Boat Sept. 1980: Elseven - Sport (pronounced EL-Seven) Jan. 1981: Canada Goose Canard March/April 1983: Crane STOL July 1984: Gull Sport Oct. 1992: Sea Hawk - Float & Land Plane Sept. 1993: Swift - Sport Nov. 1994: Dove - Glo Powered Glider Jan. 1996: Wild Goose - 3 Surface Model Aug. 1996: Crow STOL May 2000: Robin STOL Model Aviation, USA Jan. 1987: Sparrow Hawk - Sport Oct. 1987: Sea Loon - Twin Boom Flying Boat Model Builder, USA Oct. 1989: Swan - Canard June 1991: Osprey - Float & Land Plane R.C. Modeler, USA Jan. 1989: Snowy Owl Sport Oct. 1992: Seagull III - Flying Boat Radio Control Models & Electronics, UK Feb. 1998: Wasp - Tandem Wing Biplane Although all designs are dear to Andy, he has noted that [the] "Robin and the Seagull III, are both my favourites."Lennon's last design was the Robin. (officially) Unsurprisingly, the majority of Mr. Lennon's unpublished designs are preserved in the hands of Ken Charron, principal designer who Andy collaborated with in the development and release of the "Robin" kit — the only known design of Andy Lennon's to be produced in [kit] form. References 1914 births Model aircraft 2007 deaths McGill University alumni
4014786	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996%20French%20Open%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20singles	1996 French Open – Women's singles	Defending champion Steffi Graf successfully defended her title, defeating Arantxa Sánchez Vicario in a rematch of the previous year's final, 6–3, 6–7(4–7), 10–8 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 1996 French Open. With the win, Graf claimed her 19th major singles title, surpassing Chris Evert and Martina Navratilova's Open Era record. Seeds The seeded players are listed below. Steffi Graf is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated. Steffi Graf (champion) Monica Seles (quarterfinals) Conchita Martínez (semifinals) Arantxa Sánchez Vicario (final) Iva Majoli (quarterfinals) Anke Huber (fourth round) Kimiko Date (fourth round) Brenda Schultz-McCarthy (third round) Lindsay Davenport (quarterfinals) Jana Novotná (semifinals) Mary Joe Fernández (fourth round) Mary Pierce (third round) Magdalena Maleeva (fourth round) Amanda Coetzer (fourth round) Martina Hingis (third round) Barbara Paulus (third round) Qualifying Draw Finals Earlier rounds Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5 Section 6 Section 7 Section 8 External links 1996 French Open – Women's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation Women's Singles French Open by year – Women's singles French Open - Women's Singles 1996 in women's tennis 1996 in French women's sport
4014796	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KNX	KNX	KNX may refer to: KNX, the New York Stock Exchange ticker symbol for Knight-Swift, a US trucking company KNX (AM), a radio station (1070 AM) licensed to Los Angeles, California, United States KCBS-FM, a radio station (93.1 FM) licensed to Los Angeles, California, United States, which used the call sign KNX-FM from May 1986 to March 1989 KNX-FM, a radio station (97.1 MHz) licensed to Los Angeles, California, United States KNX (standard), a home and building automation standard The IATA airport code for Kununurra Airport
4014799	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedwetting%20alarm	Bedwetting alarm	A bedwetting alarm is a behavioral treatment for nocturnal enuresis. History The enuresis alarm methodology originated from French and German physicians in the first decade of the 20th century. Meinhard von Pfaundler, a German pediatrician made the discovery accidentally, with the original intention to create an alarm device that would notify nursing staff when a child had bed wetting and needed to be changed, showing the device to have a significant therapeutic advantages after a certain time of use. Despite early success, the treatment was not developed until the 1930s by two independent groups of psychologists: Orval Mowrer and Willie Mae Mowrer (1938) and John Morgan and Frances Witmer (1939). Mowrer used a modified Pfaundler alarm device with 30 children (ages 3–13 years) showing empirical success of the bell and pad method as a treatment for nocturnal enuresis, with the maximum time required to accomplish the treatment not exceeding two months. Treatment process The individual places the sensor (usually located in briefs or underwear) and turns the alarm device on (there are various types of alarms) before going to sleep. The enuresis alarm is triggered when a sensor in the sheets or night clothes becomes wet with urine, setting off an auditory signal with the intention of causing the individual to wake, cease voiding, and arise to void. Parents are advised to wake their child when the alarm is activated—otherwise, children are prone to turn it off and go back to sleep. It is highly suggested that during treatment the alarm should be worn every night. The treatment effect and response are not immediate and treatment should be continued for 2–3 months or until the child is dry for 14 consecutive nights (whichever comes first). There may be cultural differences in its acceptability, as it may be highly disruptive for the household and may require a significant commitment of time and effort. The family must be motivated and adhere to this therapy if it is to be successful so they should be preemptively apprised of likely difficulties, but assured the first few weeks are the most troublesome. If necessary, doctors should monitor the child's progress early to address any problems and facilitate adherence. Conditioning The enuresis alarm utilizes both classical and operant conditioning to provide a means of causing the sleeping individual to be regularly awakened immediately after the onset of urination so they can void in the toilet and prevent bed wetting. Classical conditioning The classical conditioning paradigm components for the bell and pad method are the following: The unconditioned stimulus (US) is the awakening stimulus or the alarm sound, the unconditioned response (UR) is the awakening response and sphincter contraction, the neutral stimulus (NS) is the feeling produced by bladder distention (feeling of having a full bladder), the conditioned stimulus (CS) is the feeling produced by bladder distention, and the conditioned response (CR) is the awakening response and sphincter contraction. Initially the individual experiences the alarm sounding (activated by urination) (US) eliciting the awakening response and sphincter contraction (UR) to wake up, stop urinating, and travel to the bathroom. After continued pairing of the alarm sound (US) with the feeling of a full bladder (NS), the previous NS of feeling a full bladder becomes the CS and elicits the waking response (CR) of waking up to go use the bathroom and urinate. Operant conditioning In the operant conditioning paradigm the alarm sound serves as a noxious stimuli added to the environment, effectively implementing a positive punishment procedure whenever the individual activates the alarm by urinating. This eventually causes an avoidance response from the individual, maintain the behavior through negative reinforcement by avoiding the alarm sound altogether. In the future the individual wakes up to urinate and avoids wetting the bed. Conditioning theory dissonance Most researchers of the enuresis alarm credit the treatment effect to the classical conditioning paradigm as was explained in the original research by Mowrer. However, some researchers have noted an important difference between conditioning treatment and the usual classical conditioning treatment. In typical classical conditioning, when the unconditioned stimulus is withdrawn, the conditioned response gradually weakens with repeated application of the conditioned stimulus. In successful cases of the enuresis alarm conditioning treatment, no extinction occurs following the withdrawal of the alarm stimulus (US). This suggests that the conditioning treatment may follow the operant avoidance conditioning rather than the classical conditioning pattern. In addition, a strictly classical conditioning explanation fails to incorporate that social positive reinforcement may be introduced to the individuals environment from family members from signs of improvement taking into account social learning. However, it is theorized that classical and operant conditioning both contribute to the effectiveness of the treatment. Sensors A urine sensor is a necessary part of any bedwetting alarm. A basic urine sensor consists of two electricity conductors separated by moisture absorbing insulating material. A low DC electric voltage, provided by batteries, is applied across these conductors. This low voltage is usually about 3 volts, so as not to be dangerous to the user. When this insulating material (frequently cotton cloth as in common briefs) absorbs urine, it allows electricity to pass through it and between the conductors, resulting in a small electric current in the conductors. The conductors are attached to an alarm device, which triggers an alarm when it senses this current. Most sensors and alarms are engineered based on this concept. Note that unless the urine reaches the sensor mechanism and adequately wets the briefs (or insulator between the conductors), the urine may not be sensed and the alarm will not activate. Sensors are usually classified in terms of their attachment mechanisms to the briefs or other urine absorbing medium. The major sensor attachment categories are mechanical clips, sticky tape or pads for flat surface sensors, magnetic attachment, and wiring sewed into special briefs. Stainless steel clips are most often used and are easily attached and detached to the briefs at the point of urination. Flat surface sensors require sticky tape or pads to be attached to the briefs. The magnetic sensors are magnetically attached to the briefs. Magnetic sensors and wired briefs are typically used for wireless alarms. Another consideration is how the sensor (through its cable, if applicable) is attached to its alarm or transmitter in the case of wired alarms or wireless alarms. Some wireless alarms are truly wireless, with the transmitter being part of the sensor and completely self-contained. For wired alarms, the sensor's wire (or cable) runs from the sensor (located at the point of urination) underneath the user's pajama shirt to wherever the alarm is located on the body (frequently on the collar of the pajama shirt, so that it is close to the ear). The attachment mechanism to the alarm, through which the electric current flows to the alarm, is important. If it is easily detached (unintentionally comes out from the alarm during use) the alarm may not be triggered. Most connectors are plastic telephone jacks which are very unlikely to be detached unintentionally (RJ-11, RJ-12, 616E, etc.). Types of alarms Wearable alarms A wearable alarm is a design in which the child or patient wears the moisture sensor in or on their underwear or pajamas. This type of sensor will detect moisture almost immediately. The sensor is attached to the alarm unit with an electricity conducting wire or cable that can be worn under the shirt. Many wearable alarms vibrate as well as sound to wake deep sleepers. Wireless alarms A wireless bedwetting alarm is one in which the sensor and the alarm unit communicate by a means other than a wire. The transmitter, which senses the moisture, is directly attached to the child's underwear. The signal is transmitted wirelessly to a unit that is across the room from the child or an alarm unit in the child's room. Once the alarm unit is activated, it is necessary to get out of bed to turn it off. New wireless alarms add the convenience of also sounding an alarm in the caregiver's room, allowing both patient and caregiver to sleep in the comfort and privacy of their own beds and rooms. Multiple alarms in the house can further increase convenience. Remote controls can facilitate using the wireless bedwetting alarm system, and be especially convenient for the parent or caregiver. Pad-type alarms Bell-and pad alarms do not attach to the child in any way. The moisture sensor is in the form of a pad or mat that the child sleeps on top of. The pad detects moisture after urine has leaked onto it. The alarm unit is connected with a cord and usually sits on the bedside stand. This alarm requires a larger amount of urine before the sensor can detect moisture. The person must be on the pad for it to sense moisture. Factors of treatment success Successful outcome of enuresis alarm treatment is associated with optimal motivation of the child and family, higher frequency of dry nights, and the absence of adverse environmental factors and psychiatric disorders. Reduced efficacy of the treatment is associated with lack of concern shown by the individual, lack of supervision, inconsistent use, family stress, abnormal scores on behavioral checklists, psychiatric disorders in the individual, failure to awaken in response to the alarm, unsatisfactory housing conditions, and more than one wetting episode per night. References Urologic procedures Sleep disorders de:Klingelhose
4014800	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Eastaboga%2C%20Alabama	Old Eastaboga, Alabama	Old Eastaboga is an unincorporated community in Talladega County, Alabama, United States. Eastaboga (historically Estaboga) means "where the people reside" in Muscogee. Old Eastaboga was formerly called Eastaboga until the early 20th century, and was briefly listed as an incorporated town on the 1900 and 1910 censuses. The nearby former town of McFall, which was to the north along the railroad, straddling the Talladega and Calhoun County lines, was later renamed Eastaboga (while the original Eastaboga became Old Eastaboga). Demographics Eastaboga (spelled as "Estaboga") was listed on the 1900 and 1910 U.S. Censuses as an incorporated town wholly within Talladega County. It presumably incorporated at or prior to 1900. Given its rapid population decline by 1910, it likely lost its charter at some point during that decade. Notable people Lewis Archer Boswell, aviation pioneer References Unincorporated communities in Talladega County, Alabama Unincorporated communities in Alabama
4014803	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mrs.%20Medwin	Mrs. Medwin	Mrs. Medwin is a short story by Henry James, first published in Punch in 1900. The story slyly satirizes fashionable society in fin-de-siècle England. The central characters are an American brother and sister who both entertain and live off this society, which has grown bland and bored and almost exhausted. Plot summary Mamie Cutter is an American living in London. She supports herself by getting questionable people into fashionable social circles, in return for a fee. Her worthless but personable half-brother Scott Homer turns up at her apartment looking for a handout. A particularly tough case for Mamie is a certain Mrs. Medwin, who is apparently beyond the pale even by the lax standards of current English society. But Scott comes to Mamie's rescue by charming the snooty Lady Wantrigde into inviting Mrs. Medwin to one of her exclusive parties. Mamie collects her fee and Scott becomes an unexpected social success. Major themes In his Notebooks James bestowed the adjective "cynical" on his idea for this story, and it's hard to disagree. Never did James describe English high society with a more sarcastic tone than in this worldly-wise tale of how jaded socialites will accept anything and anybody for the sake of an even slightly fresh experience. Scott Homer puts it in his usual blunt way: "The bigger bugs they are the more they're on the lookout...for anything that will help them to live...They're dead, don't you see? And WE'RE alive." James endows Scott with enough charm to make his success with the "bugs" believable, and Mamie doesn't mind collecting the financial rewards. The story's brevity (under eight thousand words) and simplicity of style help keep its sardonic message from seeming clumsy or forced. The satirical magazine Punch was a perfect vehicle for this astringent view of hoity-toity social circles. Critical evaluation Critics such as Clifton Fadiman, Edward Wagenknecht and Robert Gale have been quite kind to this "little cynical comedy", as its author dubbed it. James handles his material with the lightest touch, never blundering into a ham-handed condemnation of social hypocrisy. Abundant humor makes it clear that James is unshockable and amused. The idea for the tale came from a few bits of gossip, and the finished product shows how the thoroughly experienced novelist could turn the smallest hint into a minor masterpiece. Keeping the story as brief as possible for commercial and artistic reasons, James still gets his characters into sharp outline and makes his satire memorable. References The Tales of Henry James by Edward Wagenknecht (New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co. 1984) A Henry James Encyclopedia by Robert L. Gale (New York: Greenwood Press 1989) External links New York Edition text of Mrs. Medwin (1909) Author's preface to the New York Edition text of Mrs. Medwin (1909) Note on the texts of Mrs. Medwin at the Library of America web site 1901 short stories Short stories by Henry James Works originally published in Punch (magazine)
4014808	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20national%20parks%20of%20Denmark	List of national parks of Denmark	There are six national parks in the Kingdom of Denmark; five in Denmark proper and one in Greenland. The first national park in Denmark proper was Thy National Park (), created in 2008. It is located in Thisted Municipality, Nordjylland. The park is a narrow stretch of land along the North Jutlandic Island's west coast from Hanstholm southward to Agger Tange, excluding Hanstholm, Klitmøller, Nørre Vorupør, Stenbjerg and Agger. Thy National Park is named after Thy, an area that includes not only today's national park but also adjacent land further east. The park has dunes, heath, forests and grassland and also covers several small lakes and a small part of the Limfjord, which is the fjord that separates the North Jutlandic Island from the Cimbrian Peninsula. In August 2009, the second national park Mols Bjerge National Park was inaugurated, followed by Wadden Sea National Park in October 2010, and Land of the Scylding National Park in 2015. Two additional areas in mainland Denmark were proposed in 2008 and 2009 to become national parks. One of these plans, Skjern Å Nationalpark (after the river of the same name), was abandoned in 2012, but it was restarted in 2018 and is ongoing. The other, Kongernes Nordsjælland National Park, was inaugurated in 2018. Greenland has had its own national park since 1974. The Northeast Greenland National Park stretches across three fifths of the northern parts of Greenland's east coast and, since its expansion in 1988, two thirds of the eastern parts of Greenland's north coast. Bounded by the coasts, the park covers the island's entire north-eastern quarter, all of which is almost uninhabited. Like Greenland, the Faroe Islands forms another autonomous region of the Kingdom of Denmark, but contains no national parks. Footnotes Notes References External links Danish Forest and Nature Agency's website on the national parks of mainland Denmark Avatangiisinut Pinngortitamullu Aqutsisoqarfik (Greenlandic) = Miljø- og Naturstyrelsen (Danish).Operates under Greenland Home Rule's new ministry for domestic affairs (Greenlandic · Danish) Faroese Ministry of the Interior (Faroese) Denmark National parks National parks
4014810	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SVE	SVE	SVE may refer to: Scalable vector extension, a feature of microprocessor ARM architecture Société de Véhicules Electriques, a joint venture for the development of hybrid vehicles Soil vapor extraction, an in situ process for soil remediation Sharon Van Etten, American singer-songwriter and actress Special visceral efferent, nerves that supply muscles Specialty Vehicle Engineering, a high-performance automobile group within Chrysler Susanville Municipal Airport (IATA airport code), near Susanville, California
4014832	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bykovo	Bykovo	Bykovo may refer to: Bykovo (inhabited locality), name of several inhabited localities in Russia Bykovo Airport, a regional airport in Moscow
4014834	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas%20Bonnier	Jonas Bonnier	Jonas Bonnier (born 1963) is a Swedish author who has published 8 novels. His latest work, The Helicopter Heist about the Västberga helicopter robbery, has been sold to 34 territories. It is his first attempt in the suspense novel category. The film- and TV-rights were acquired by Netflix and Jake Gyllenhaal's production company Nine Stories. Bonnier was President of the Bonnier Group from 1 January 2008 until May 2013. He is a member of the Bonnier family. References 1963 births Living people Swedish people of Jewish descent Swedish magazine publishers (people) Swedish newspaper publishers (people) Jonas
4014835	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesco%20Furini	Francesco Furini	Francesco Furini (c. 1600 (or 1603) – August 19, 1646) was an Italian Baroque painter of Florence, noted for his sensual sfumato style in paintings of both secular and religious subjects. Biography He was born in Florence to an artistic family. His father, Filippo, was a portrait painter; his sister Alessandra also became a painter; and another sister, Angelica, was a singer in the court of Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany. Furini's early training was by Matteo Rosselli (whose other pupils include Lorenzo Lippi and Baldassare Franceschini), though Furini is also described as influenced by Domenico Passignano and Giovanni Biliverti. He befriended Giovanni da San Giovanni. Traveling to Rome in 1619, he also would have been exposed to the influence of Caravaggio and his followers. Among his pupils are Simone Pignoni and Giovanni Battista Galestruzzi. Furini's work reflects the tension faced by the conservative, mannerist style of Florence when confronting then novel Baroque styles. He is a painter of biblical and mythological set-pieces with a strong use of the misty sfumato technique. In the 1630s his style paralleled that of Guido Reni. An important early work, Hylas and the Nymphs (1630), features six female nudes that attest to the importance Furini placed upon drawing from life. Furini became a priest in 1633 for the parish of Sant'Ansano in Mugello. Freedberg describes Furini's style as filled with "morbid sensuality". His frequent use of disrobed females is discordant with his excessive religious sentimentality, and his polished stylization and poses are at odds with his aim of expressing highly emotional states. His stylistic choices did not go unnoticed by more puritanical contemporary biographers like Baldinucci. Pignoni also mirrored this style in his works. One of his masterpieces, and not reflective of the style of his canvases, is the airy fresco in Palazzo Pitti, where on order of Ferdinando II de' Medici, between 1639 and 1642, Furini frescoed two large lunettes depicting the Platonic Academy of Careggi and the Allegory of the Death of Lorenzo the Magnificent. The frescoes can be seen as a response to Pietro da Cortona, who was at work in the palazzo during these years. Furini traveled to Rome again in the year before his death in 1646. Legacy In Robert Browning's series of poems titled Parleyings with certain people of importance in their day, the poet envisions an explanation by Furini that refutes the published assertion by Filippo Baldinucci that (on his deathbed) he had ordered all his nude paintings be destroyed. For Browning, Furini's disrobement of his subjects is emblematic of a courageous search for the hidden truth. Modern research has demonstrated that Furini did not abandon his sensual painting subjects on entering the priesthood. Furini was rediscovered in the early 20th century by .<ref>Stanghellini, Francesco Furini, Vita d'Arte 13 [1913).</ref> His scantily documented career was sketched by Elena Toesca (Furini, 1950) and brought into focus with an exhibition of his drawings at the Uffizi, 1972. References Sources Campbell, Malcolm (1972). "Francesco Furini Drawings at the Uffizi". The Burlington Magazine, 114 (833), 571–570. Cantelli, G., & Furini, F. (1972). Disegni di Francesco Furini: e del suo ambiente. Firenze: Olschki. Cappelletti, Francesca. "Furini, Francesco." Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press, Langmuir, Erika (2008). "Francesco Furini. Florence". The Burlington Magazine'', 150 (1263), 431–433. Web Gallery of Art entry. External links 1600s births 1646 deaths 17th-century Italian painters Italian male painters Painters from Florence Italian Baroque painters
4014855	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zehetner	Zehetner	Zehetner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Brian Zehetner, American nutritionist Günther Zehetner, Austrian scientist and scientific director of the former German Resource Center for Genome Research Johann Zehetner (1912–1942), Austrian field handball player Leopold I. Zehetner, provost of St. Florian monastery, officiated 1612-1646 Nora Zehetner (born 1981), American actress German-language surnames
4014872	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sverre%20Krogh%20Sundb%C3%B8	Sverre Krogh Sundbø	Sverre Krogh Sundbø (born 28 July 1981) is a Norwegian television presenter and sports commentator. He is also a former poker player who won the European Poker Championship title in London in 2005. Krogh Sundbø is currently presenting several sports broadcasts both in Norway and abroad, and was recently the studio anchor for the Olympic Games on Eurosport Norway. He has previously presented shows ranging from reality to travel and game shows. Krogh Sundbø is the son of singer Hanne Krogh, is married to stylist and media profile Cecilie Krogh., and is the brother of actress Amalie Krogh. In his teenage years, he was a skilled bandy and football player for IF Ready. References 1981 births Living people Norwegian poker players Sportspeople from Oslo
4014874	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clea%20Koff	Clea Koff	Clea Koff (born 1972) is a British-born American forensic anthropologist and author who worked several years for the United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR; 2 missions) and the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (5 missions) in Rwanda, Bosnia, Croatia, Serbia, and in 2000 in Kosovo. Early life Koff, who is mixed-race and Jewish, was born in 1972 to a Tanzanian mother, Msindo Mwinyipembe, and an American father, David Koff, both documentary filmmakers focused on human rights issues. Her parents took her and her older brother, Kimera, with them around the world. She spent her childhood in England, Kenya, Tanzania, Somalia, and the United States. By the time she was a teenager she had decided to study human osteology, which she did first in California. She earned her bachelor's degree in anthropology from Stanford University. Graduate school Koff went on to the master's program in forensic anthropology at the University of Arizona. She completed her master's degree in 1999 at the University of Nebraska, after combining her studies with working for the UN between 1996 and 2000. As a 23-year-old graduate student studying prehistoric skeletons in California, Koff joined a small team of UN scientists exhuming victims of the genocide in Rwanda. Her job was to find evidence to bring the perpetrators to trial, and to help relatives to identify their loved ones. Books Koff captured the events in her memoir The Bone Woman: Among the dead in Rwanda, Bosnia, Croatia and Kosovo (Random House) which was published in 2004 in the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, the Netherlands, Spain, Germany, Argentina, and Canada, 2005 in France and Denmark, 2006 in Norway, Italy, and Portugal, and 2007 in Poland. Koff's crime fiction debut, Freezing, part of the Jayne & Steelie Mystery Series, was published by Severn House in the UK in August 2011 and in the US in December 2011. French rights for the book have been acquired by Editions Héloïse d'Ormesson. Passing is the title of the second book in the series, which is not yet published. Koff is represented by Ellen Levine, Executive Vice President of Trident Media Group. Missing Persons Identification Resource Center Koff founded in 2005 The Missing Persons Identification Resource Center (MPID), a non-profit organization, based in Los Angeles, which is about "essentially linking families with missing persons [in the US] with the Coroner's Office which hold thousands of unidentified bodies". The center closed in 2012. When remains of Mitrice Richardson were recovered in Dark Canyon, Koff consulted on the case of the 24-year-old woman who went missing after being released from the Lost Hills Sheriff's Station. Koff raised objections regarding the handling of the remains during the investigation, and criticized the Los Angeles Sheriff's department suggestion that Richardson's clothing was removed by animals. Koff, with members of Richardson's family, found a finger bone of Richardson's at the site months after the coroner's second search of the area. References External links Clea Koff (2004) The Bone Woman: Among the Dead in Rwanda, Bosnia, Croatia and Kosovo - Official homepage of The Bone Woman A Conversation with Clea Koff (Video interview at Montgomery College) The Missing Persons Identification Resource Center UN International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda UN International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia La jeune fille et les morts, Clea Koff en entretien avec Isabelle Rabineau (topolivres.com) Freezing - A Jayne & Steelie Mystery The Jayne & Steelie Mystery Series official site 1972 births Living people American anthropologists American autobiographers 20th-century American Jews University of Nebraska–Lincoln alumni American women anthropologists American people of Tanzanian descent Women autobiographers 21st-century American Jews 20th-century American women 21st-century American women
4014883	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995%20French%20Open%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20singles	1995 French Open – Women's singles	Steffi Graf defeated the defending champion Arantxa Sánchez Vicario in the final, 7–5, 4–6, 6–0 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 1995 French Open. Sánchez Vicario lost the world No. 1 ranking to Graf following the tournament, and would never recapture it. The match between Virginie Buisson and Noëlle van Lottum was the longest women's match at a major, spanning 4 hours and 7 minutes. This record would later be broken by Barbora Záhlavová-Strýcová and Regina Kulikova in the 2010 Australian Open. The tournament marked the first major appearance of future world No. 1 and two-time major champion Amélie Mauresmo. Seeds Qualifying Draw Finals Top half Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Bottom half Section 5 Section 6 Section 7 Section 8 External links 1995 French Open – Women's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation Women's Singles French Open by year – Women's singles French Open – Women's singles 1995 in women's tennis 1995 in French women's sport
4014890	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar%20Emiri%20Air%20Force	Qatar Emiri Air Force	The Qatar Emiri Air Force () (QEAF) is the air arm of the armed forces of the state of Qatar. It was established in 1974 as a small aerial support wing, although, in modern times It has evolved into a potent well equipped force. The QEAF is headquartered at Al-Udeid Air Base in Doha; the current commander is Brigadier General (Pilot) Jassem Mohamed Al-Mannai. History In March 1967, in response to the British announcement that it would withdraw its armed forces from the Persian Gulf, Qatar set up armed forces, creating the Qatar Public Security Forces Air Wing, equipped with two Westland Whirlwind helicopters. In 1971, it acquired a combat capability when it purchased three ex-RAF Hawker Hunter jet fighters, which remained in use until 1981. It was renamed the Qatar Emiri Air Force in 1974. The air force began a major expansion in 1979, when it ordered six Alpha Jet trainer/light attack aircraft. This was followed by orders for 14 Mirage F1 supersonic jet fighters in 1980, which were delivered between 1980 and 1984. Twelve Gazelle helicopters, armed with HOT anti-tank missiles were received from 1983. Also in 1983, the air force took over the Qatar Police Air Wing. In 1991, the Qatari Air Force contributed aircraft to conduct strikes against Iraqi forces during the Gulf War. After the conflict the government sought to fortify their air defense with the construction of a new base southwest of Doha at Al Udaid. The facility has hardened aircraft shelters, air defence radars, and Roland missile batteries. In 2005, the Air Force participated in Exercise Eagle Resolve, along with Qatari medical services and emergency medical teams to build interoperability with their US counterparts. The US 26th Marine Expeditionary Unit took part in this exercise to validate the nation's crisis management plan prior to hosting the 2006 Asian Games. Other acquisitions have been for an order of 59 AW139 helicopters. The helicopters are used for utility tasks, troop transport, search and rescue, border patrol, special forces operations, and law enforcement. Three additional aircraft were ordered in March 2011 for Medevac services. By 2010, the Qatar Emiri Air Force's personnel strength was at 2,100 and its equipment included the Mirage 2000-3EDA, the SA 342L Gazelle, and the C-17A Globemaster III. Aircraft either flew out of al-Udeid field or Doha International Airport and received training from British instructors. In January 2011, the Air Force evaluated the Eurofighter Typhoon, the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II, the Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet, the McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle and the Dassault Rafale to replace its current fighter inventory of Dassault Mirage 2000-5s. In May 2015, the QAF awarded the contract for 24 Dassault Rafale fighters worth €6.3 billion ($7 billion). In July 2012, the Qatar Air Force ordered a complete pilot training system from Pilatus centering upon the PC-21. The package included ground-based training devices, logistical support and maintenance in addition to 24 PC-21 aircraft. In June 2015, the QAF ordered four additional C-17s, to supplement the existing four delivered in 2009 and 2012. In September 2016, the sale of up to 72 F-15QAs to Qatar was submitted to the US Congress for approval. The deal (for 36 planes plus an option for 36 more), valued at US$21.1 billion, was signed in November 2016. In September 2017, the QAF ordered 24 Typhoon fighter jets from the UK. In December 2017, the QAF ordered 12 additional Rafale fighter jets from France, with an option for 36 more. In August 2018, Qatar announced the construction of a new air base to be named after Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani. In addition to the new air base, Al Udeid Air Base and Doha International Air Base are to be expanded in order to accommodate aircraft on order. Airbases Al Udeid Air Base 3rd Rotary Wing 20th Squadron – 39 AW139 Flying Wing 5 51st Squadron 'Ababil' - F-15QA 52st Squadron 'Ababil' - F-15QA 53st Squadron 'Ababil' - F-15QA Transport Wing 10th Transport Squadron – 8 C-17 Globemaster 12th Transport Squadron - 4 C-130J-30 Al Zaeem Mohamed Bin Abdullah Al Attiyah Air College ?? Squadron - 8 MFI-395 Super Mushshak 31st Squadron - 24 PC-21 ?? Squadron - 6 M-346 6th Close Support Squadron - 14 SA342 Gazelle (to be replaced with 16 x H125)Doha International Air BaseU/I Fighter wing Al Dhariat Squadron - 24 Eurofighter Typhoon Flying Wing 1 7th Air Superiority Squadron – 9 Mirage 2000-5EDA, 3 Mirage 2000-5DDA 11th Close Support Squadron – 9 Hawk Mk167 2nd Rotary Wing 8th Anti-Surface Vessel Squadron – NFH90 9th Multi-Role Squadron – NH90 41st Squadron - AH-64EDukhan / Tamim AirbaseFlying Wing 6 1st Fighter Squadron 'Al Adiyat' – 31 Rafale. RAF Leeming11th RAF/QEAF AJT Training Squadron – 9 Hawk T2RAF Coningsby''' No. 12 Squadron RAF - Eurofighter Typhoon Aircraft Current inventory Retired Previous notable aircraft operated consisted of the Mirage 2000, Westland Commando, Hawker Hunter, Dassault Mirage F1, Piper PA-34 Seneca, Boeing 707, Boeing 727, Westland Whirlwind, Westland Sea King, Britten-Norman Islander, and the Aérospatiale SA 330 Puma helicopter. See also Al Udeid Air Base As Sayliyah Army Base Military ranks of Qatar Qatar Armed Forces References See also Qatar Armed Forces As Sayliyah Army Base Al Udeid Air Base Military of Qatar Air forces by country Military units and formations established in 1974 Qatar
4014891	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/If%20This%20Is%20a%20Man	If This Is a Man	If This Is a Man ( ; United States title: Survival in Auschwitz) is a memoir by Italian Jewish writer Primo Levi, first published in 1947. It describes his arrest as a member of the Italian anti-fascist resistance during the Second World War, and his incarceration in the Auschwitz concentration camp (Monowitz) from February 1944 until the camp was liberated on 27 January 1945. Background to the memoir Primo Levi was born in 1919 in Turin. His forebears were Piedmontese Jews. He studied chemistry at the University of Turin, graduating summa cum laude in 1941, notwithstanding the restrictions imposed by Mussolini's racial laws. In 1942 he found a position with a Swiss drug company in Milan. With the German occupation of northern and central Italy in 1943, Levi joined a partisan group in Aosta Valley in the Alps. He was arrested in December 1943 and transported to Auschwitz in February 1944. He remained there until the camp was liberated on 27 January 1945. If This Is a Man recounts his experiences in the camp. Chapters "The Journey" "On the Bottom" "Initiation" "Ka-Be" "Our Nights" "The Work" "A Good Day" "This Side of Good and Evil" "The Drowned and the Saved" "Chemistry Examination" "The Canto of Ulysses" "The Events of the Summer" In "October 1944" the prisoners anticipate a 'selection': the Germans will send a proportion of the prisoners to the gas chambers to make room for new arrivals. No one knows the exact day on which it will take place; the prisoners reassure each other that surely it will not be they who will be selected. When it comes, the process is so perfunctory that it is almost a matter of chance who is chosen. In "Kraus" Levi recalls the Hungarian working alongside him who has not grasped that in the camp hard work is not rewarded; not wasting energy is more likely to lead to survival. Winter has arrived. "Die Drei Leute vom Labor" ("The Three Laboratory People") describes how Levi and two other prisoners are chosen to work in the laboratory. Its cleanliness and warmth contrasts with the rest of the bomb-ravaged and snow-covered camp. The presence of three healthy women makes the prisoners self-conscious about their own physical deterioration. In "The Last One" Levi describes the audacious schemes he and Alberto devise to acquire goods to exchange for bread. At the end of the day the prisoners are assembled to witness the hanging of a man who has taken part in an uprising. At the moment of death he cries out "Comrades, I am the last!" The prisoners look on passively, robbed by now of any autonomy. Written in the form of a diary "The Story of Ten Days" is the work's epilogue. Suffering with scarlet fever, Levi is admitted to the camp hospital. By now the arrival of the Red Army is imminent and the Germans decide to abandon the camp. Only the healthy prisoners are evacuated. Alberto leaves, Levi remains. The forced march of the departing prisoners will take almost all of them, including Alberto, to their deaths. Levi and two other prisoners set about helping the other patients in their barrack, scouring the abandoned camp for provisions. The Soviet troops arrive on 27 January 1945. Composition Levi began to write in February 1946, with a draft of what would become the final chapter recording his most recent memories of Auschwitz. According to Ian Thomson, Levi worked over the next ten months with concentrated energy and extreme facility. Levi told him that the words poured out of him "like a flood which has been dammed and suddenly rushes forth". In the daytime Levi was working at a paint factory north-east of Turin. Mostly he wrote in the evenings and late into the night, although Levi said that the chapter The Canto of Ulysses was written almost entirely in a single, half-hour lunch break. The first manuscript was completed in December 1946 and required considerable editorial work. His future wife, Lucia Morpurgo, helped him to shape the book, giving it a clear sense of direction. Publication In January 1947, the manuscript was initially rejected by Einaudi, with the writers Cesare Pavese and Natalia Ginzburg thinking it too early after the war for such an account. However Levi managed to find a smaller publisher, De Silva, who printed 2,500 copies of the book, 1,500 of which were sold, mostly in Levi's hometown of Turin. In 1955, Levi signed a contract with Einaudi for a new edition, which was published in 1958. The initial printing of 2000 copies was followed by a second of the same size. An English translation by Stuart Woolf was published in 1959. A German translation by Heinz Reidt appeared in 1961 (titled Ist das ein Mensch?) and a French edition in the same year. All translations were completed under Levi's close supervision. He was particularly careful to oversee the German translation, writing in The Drowned and the Saved: "I did not trust my German publisher. I wrote him an almost insolent letter: I warned him not to remove or change a single word in the text, and I insisted that he send me the manuscript of the translation in batches ... I wanted to check on not merely its lexical but also its inner faithfulness." Robert S. C. Gordon writes that Levi went on to develop a close relationship with Reidt. The German edition contains a special preface addressed to the German people, which Levi said he wrote out of passionate necessity to remind them what they had done. If This Is a Man is often published alongside Levi's second work of witness, The Truce (Italian title: La Tregua). The English translation of that book was published in 1965, again by Stuart Woolf, and was awarded the John Florio Prize for Italian translation in 1966. Invocation The book is introduced by a poem. The construction "If ..." invites the reader to make a judgment. It alludes to the treatment of people as Untermenschen (German for "sub-humans"), and to Levi's examination of the degree to which it was possible for a prisoner in Auschwitz to retain his or her humanity. The poem explains the title and sets the theme of the book: humanity in the midst of inhumanity. The last part of the poem, beginning meditate, explains Levi's purpose in having written it: to record what happened so that later generations will "ponder" (a more literal translation of meditare) the significance of the events he lived through. It also parallels the language of the V'ahavta, the Jewish prayer that commands followers to remember and pass on the teachings of their faith. Style The calm sobriety of Levi's prose style is all the more striking given the horrific nature of the events he describes. Levi explained in his 1976 Appendix to the work: "I thought that my word would be more credible and useful the more objective it appeared and the less impassioned it sounded; only in that way does the witness in court fulfil his function, which is to prepare the ground for the judge. It is you who are the judges." He ascribed the clarity of his language to the habits acquired during his training as a chemist: "My model was that of the weekly reports, a normal practice in factories: they must be concise, precise and written in a language accessible to all levels of the firm's hierarchy." Adaptation for radio In 1965 the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation aired the 140-minute dramatic feature, "If This is a Man", George Whalley's adaptation of Stuart Woolf's translation. The broadcast was produced by John Reeves, who has written about the radio production. See also Le Monde's 100 Books of the Century Night (book) The Diary of a Young Girl The Holocaust in the arts and popular culture Notes Sources Benchouiha, Lucie (2006). Primo Levi: Rewriting the Holocaust. Troubador Publishing Ltd. Gordon, Robert S. C. (2007). The Cambridge Companion to Primo Levi. Cambridge University Press. Levi, Primo (2015). The Complete Works of Primo Levi. Penguin Classics. Thomson, Ian (2003). Primo Levi: A Biography. Vintage. Further reading External links 1947 non-fiction books 1957 non-fiction books Books by Primo Levi Italian literature Italian memoirs Personal accounts of the Holocaust Prisoners of war in popular culture
4014894	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boblbee	Boblbee	Boblbee (also expressed as BOBLBE·E when used on their products; , ) is a corporation that began in 1997 as a think tank for research and development of sports and recreational equipment. This led to the design and manufacture of hardshell and softshell backpacks. Their hardshell backpacks are best known for their impact reduction capabilities (between 86% - 93% depending on the model), unusual design, and accompanying accessory range. They have received two Good Design Awards. In 2015, the company became part of the Point 65 Sweden and their product range was re-launched under the new brand name. Their flagship store & corporate headquarters is located in Stockholm, Sweden. History The creator of the Boblbee packs, industrial designer Jonas Blanking, has a background in the automotive and sports industries having worked with such companies as Alfa Romeo, Volvo, Porsche and sports-gear maker Salomon. As an outdoorsman, he had trouble with conventional backpack designs that left expensive electronics or paperwork vulnerable to damage in the event of an accident or inclement weather. He set out to design a new type of backpack, unlike those considered suitable for sports such as hiking and biking, that would have to be rigid, protective, and provide adequate volume. Blanking looked to the air cargo industry for the first iteration of the backpack, which led him to employ the use of aluminium and ABS plastics. Prototypes were developed in 1996. The first prototype featured a concept in which the rigid outer shell could be incorporated in such a way that the outside surface area is as useful as the internal volume. Fasteners located all over the pack let the wearer attach a skateboard or snowboard with simple straps that can be taken off with ease. Later, accessories were made to fit around the sides and the crevasse situated at the bottom of the pack for lumbar support. The concept was finalized in April 1998, leading to the birth of the Boblbee monocoque hardshell backpack, now known as the Megalopolis. Boblbee then went on to release several more hardshell & softshell designs, all with varying features for transporting sports equipment, camera gear, laptops & more. In July 2014 the company became part of Point 65 Sweden and moved its HQ from Malmo to Solna. In spring 2015 the complete range of products was relaunched under the new brand name 'Point 65'. Currently the backpacks are sold worldwide, through the official website or various authorised resellers. Megalopolis The Megalopolis was the first backpack released by Boblbee. It uses a design that reminds some of a toboggan or even a jetpack. The futuristic hardshell plastic form of the pack the Megalopolis (and the identical but smaller Peoples Delite) have appeared as accessories in movies such as Charlie's Angels, Hitch, Jason X, The Fast And The Furious, The Italian Job and Bicentennial Man. The original Megalopolis came in two versions, the Executive and Sport models. The difference between the two was the color selections - the Sport version has in-mold primary colors, whereas the Executive has been painted and lacquered in a myriad of colors. The Executive has a partition of the interior, where the Sport has a removable laptop sleeve instead of an actual laptop compartment. The Megalopolis Series was renamed the Boblbee GTO Series (20L & 25L packs) after the company became Point 65 Sweden. In 2016 the design was updated again and the GTO has been changed to the GTX series (today's current version). Target audience The Boblbee backpacks are built to withstand high impacts, protecting both the spine of the wearer and the contents of the pack. Motorcycle riders, skiers/snowboarders, mountain bikers or rock climbers are ideally suited to the extra security provided back protector and rigid outer shell. The packs are also widely used in urban situations, popular with cyclists, couriers, DJ's, business people & travellers to keep laptops or camera equipment protected while on-the-go. Popularity has been achieved particularly in Japan where a big portion of Boblbee items are sold. Boblbee Japan has a website separate from the main site which features products exclusive to that region. References Sporting goods manufacturers of Sweden
4014907	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirlwall%20Castle	Thirlwall Castle	Thirlwall Castle is a 12th-century castle in Northumberland, England, on the bank of the River Tipalt close to the village of Greenhead and approximately west of Hexham. It was built in the 12th century, and later strengthened using stones from nearby Hadrian's Wall, but began to fall into disrepair in the 17th century. The site is protected by Grade I listed building and Scheduled Ancient Monument status. Meaning of name "Thirlwall" "Thirlwall" combines Middle English Thirl, contracted with wall; in context, reference and proximity to Roman-built Hadrian's Wall from which Thirlwall Castle was materially built. Thirl [as verb] means "perforated-" or [as noun] "bored-wall", from the Old English þyrel, þyrl, "a hole made through anything, an aperture, orifice" and weall, "wall". As used and described in an Atlantic Monthly article, it is referenced as "a small passage built into a wall to allow sheep but not cattle to pass through ... a thirl, or a thawl". In Greek, the word Thura "θύρα thýra, [pronounced] thoo'-rah; apparently a primary word (compare "door"); a portal or entrance (the opening or the closure, literally or figuratively): "door, gate". The middle English noun thirl likewise references a portal; a through passage, gate or door [thura] through which lambs enter in. Book of John (KJV), tenth chapter conveys this same meaning: "Then said Jesus unto them again, Verily, verily, I say unto you, I am the door [thura] of the sheep. I am the door [thura]: by me if any man enter in, he shall be saved, and shall go in and out, and find pasture." (John 10:7;9). Thirl, corresponding identically in meaning to Greek thura, conjoined with wall then forms Thirlwall having reference to Roman-built Hadrian's Wall between Northeast England and Scotland in Northumbria. History The home of the Thirlwall family, the castle was fortified in about 1330 by John Thirlwall. In a survey of 1542 it was reported as in the ownership of Robert Thirlwall and in a 'measurable good' state of repair. Sir Percival Thirlwall of Thirlwall Castle was killed at the Battle of Bosworth whilst fighting in the Yorkist cause on 22 August 1485. He was Richard III's standard-bearer in the final charge at Bosworth. He held up the standard even after his legs had been cut from under him. Post medieval Eleanor Thirwall, the last of the Thirlwall family line, abandoned the castle as a residence and the estate passed to the Swinburne family by her 1738 marriage to Matthew Swinburne of Capheaton Hall. Swinburne sold the estate to the Earl of Carlisle for £4000 in 1748. Thereafter the castle fell into decay. In 1832 and again in 1982 there were serious collapses of masonry. In 1999 the Northumberland National Park Authority took over the management of the castle, protecting it from further dereliction. It is open to the public without charge. References A History of Northumberland (1840) John Hodgson Pt2 Vol 3 pp143–8 Images of Thirwall Castle Thirlwall Castle on Northumberland National Park website Castles in Northumberland History of Northumberland Tourist attractions in Northumberland Grade I listed buildings in Northumberland Grade I listed castles Scheduled monuments in Northumberland Ruins in Northumberland
4014914	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon%20Bell%20%28singer-songwriter%29	Gordon Bell (singer-songwriter)	Gordon Bell (born 24 July 1969) is a Scottish singer-songwriter based in Moscow, Russia. Background He is prolific having released fifteen albums in as many years. Eight of those albums were under the pseudonym Gustav Bertha. His breakthrough fifth album My Life as a Dog (distributed in Switzerland through RecRec) was well received: Swiss newspaper Der Bund called it 'Wunderbar',. The Swiss press has also dubbed him with the slightly more ambiguous title, "The World's least-known Scot". He stopped working under the Gustav Bertha pseudonym in 2008 to write and play as Gordon Bell. Bell's music could be compared to a strange cross between fellow Glaswegians Ivor Cutler and Alex Harvey. He has a penchant for storytelling in his songs. He also spent 15 years as lead singer with a tribute to The Sensational Alex Harvey Band – Not The Sensational Alex Harvey Band and now fronts the rock band Giant Stone Eater who play a mix of covers (especially songs connected with Alex Harvey) and Bell's own songs. Discography with One in Five Five Flew Over the Hatchery (1991) with Psychoannie Amoeba (1993) as plasticpsychobabble StranGe enchantment (1999) submerging meadows green boundaries (2000) blurred visions for fuzzy strangers (2000) with The Secret Life of Andrew Aston Caffeine Injunction (2000) as Gustav Bertha Songs for Gigi (2001) The Hose Room (2002) Café Crème (2002) babble (2003) My Life as a Dog (2004) Defective (2005) z:06 (2006 – compilation) small adventures in the great domestic wilderness (2007) True North (2008) as Gordon Bell Songs for the Broken Hearted (2009) The Lost Art of Penance (2010) "The 12 Uses of a Dead Tape Cassette" (2011) "A Day Trip to the Sea" (2012) as Gordon Bell and the Sinking Ships "Animal Kingdom" EP (2011) References External links Gordon Bell's official website Gordon Bell & The Sinking Ships Not The Sensational Alex Harvey Band 1969 births Living people Scottish pop singers Scottish songwriters
4014915	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister%20for%20National%20Defence%20%28Greece%29	Minister for National Defence (Greece)	The Minister for National Defence of Greece () is a government minister responsible for the running of the Ministry of National Defence. The current minister is Nikos Panagiotopoulos in the Cabinet of Kyriakos Mitsotakis. Ministers for National Defence since 1996 External links Hellenic Ministry of National Defence - Official Website Lists of government ministers of Greece
4014917	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambert%20of%20Ardres	Lambert of Ardres	Lambert of Ardres (active 1194–1203) was a chronicler in the twelfth-century Kingdom of France, from on the frontiers of the County of Flanders. By 1194, Lambert was the parish priest of Ardres. He was related to the Counts of Guînes, for whom he wrote a Historia comitum Ghisnensium, begun around 1196 and left unfinished in 1203. It is a mixture of history and folklore. It also contains a contemporary description of a donjon. A chapter of Georges Duby's The Knight, The Lady, and the Priest is dedicated to Lambert's Historia. Lambert's Historia has been published in a number of editions: Godfrey de Ménilglaise (ed.), Chronique de Guines et d'Ardres par Lambert, curé d'Ardres (Paris, 1855). Johannes Heller (ed.), "Lamberti ardensis historia comitum Ghisnensium", in Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores, vol. 24 (1879), 550-642. Leah Shopkow (trans.), The History of the Counts of Guines and Lords of Ardres (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000) References External links French chroniclers 1160s births 13th-century deaths 12th-century French historians 12th-century French Roman Catholic priests French male non-fiction writers 12th-century Latin writers People from Pas-de-Calais
4014920	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aytmatov	Aytmatov	Aitmatov (, ) is a Russianized Kyrgyz surname. Notable people with the surname include: Askar Aitmatov (born 1959), Kyrgyzstani politician, son of Chinghiz Aitmatov Chinghiz Aitmatov (1928–2008), Kyrgyzstani writer Kyrgyz-language surnames
4014923	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty%20Trask%20Award	Betty Trask Award	The Betty Trask Prize and Awards are for first novels written by authors under the age of 35, who reside in a current or former Commonwealth nation. Each year the awards total £20,000, with one author receiving a larger prize amount, called the "Prize", and the remainder given to one or more other writers, called the "Awards". The award was established in 1984 by the Society of Authors, at the bequest of the late Betty Trask, a reclusive author of over thirty romance novels. The awards are given to traditional or romantic novels, rather than those of an experimental style, and can be for published or unpublished works. List of award and prize winners Note: Beginning in 2009, the "Betty Trask Prize" is given to one author; the remaining receive the "Betty Trask Award". A blue ribbon () indicates the winner for that year. 1980s 1984 Ronald Frame for Winter Journey - £6,750 Clare Nonhebel for Cold Showers - £6,750 James Buchan for A Parish of Rich Women - £1,000 Helen Harris for Playing Fields in Winter - £1,000 Gareth Jones for The Disinherited - £1,000 Simon Rees for The Devil's Looking Glass - £1,000 1985 Susan Kay for Legacy - £12,500 Gary Armitage for A Season of Peace - £1,000 Elizabeth Ironside for A Very Private Enterprise - £1,000 Alice Mitchell for Instead of Eden - £1,000 Caroline Stickland for The Standing Hills - £1,000 George Schweiz for The Earth Abides For Ever - £1,000 1986 Tim Parks for Tongues of Flame - £9,000 Patricia Ferguson for Family, Myths and Legends - £4,500 Philippa Blake for Mzungu's Wife - £1,000 Matthew Kneale for Whore Banquets - £1,000 J. F. McLaughlin for The Road to Dilmun - £1,000 Kate Saunders for The Prodigal Father - £1,000 1987 James Maw for Hard Luck - £8,000 Peter Benson for The Levels - £4,500 Helen Flint for Return Journey - £4,500 Catherine Arnold for Lost Time - £1,000 H. S. Bhabra for Gestures - £1,000 Lucy Pinney for The Pink Stallion - £1,000 1988 Alex Martin for The General Interruptor MS - £6,500 Candia McWilliam for A Case of Knives - £6,500 Georgina Andrewes for Behind the Waterfall - £2,000 James Friel for Left of North - £2,000 Glenn Patterson for Burning Your Own - £2,000 Susan Webster for Small Tales of a Town - £2,000 1989 Nigel Watts for The Life Game - £10,000 William Riviere for Watercolour Sky - £5,000 Paul Houghton for Harry's Last Wedding - £2,000 Alasdair McKee for Uncle Henry's Last Stand - £2,000 1990s 1990 Robert McLiam Wilson for Ripley Bogle - £16,000 Elizabeth Chadwick for The Wild Hunt - £3,000 Rosemary Cohen for No Strange Land - £3,000 Nicholas Shakespeare for The Vision of Elena Silves - £3,000 1991 Amit Chaudhuri for A Strange and Sublime Address - £10,000 Mark Swallow for Teaching Little Fang - £7,000 Suzannah Dunn for Quite Contrary - £2,000 Lesley Glaister for Honour Thy Father - £2,000 Simon Mason for The Great English Nude - £2,000 Nino Ricci for Lives of the Saints - £2,000 1992 Peter M. Rosenburg for Kissing Through a Pane of Glass - £5,000 Tibor Fischer for Under the Frog - £3,000 Liane Jones for The Dream Stone - £3,000 Eugene Mullan for The Last of His Line - £3,000 Edward St Aubyn for Never Mind - £3,000 1993 Mark Blackaby for You'll Never be Here Again - £10,000 Andrew Cowan for Pig - £7,000 Simon Corrigan for Tommy Was Here - £5,000 Joanna Briscoe for Mothers and Other Lovers - £2,000 Olivia Fane for Landing on Clouds - £2,000 1994 Colin Bateman for Divorcing Jack - £12,000 Nadeem Aslam for Season of the Rainbirds - £10,000 Guy Burt for After the Hole - £1,000 Frances Liardet for The Game - £1,000 Jonathan Rix for Some Hope - £1,000 1995 Robert Newman for Dependence Day - £10,000 Mark Behr for The Smell of Apples - £8,000 Martina Evans for Midnight Feast - £3,000 Rohit Manchanda for A Speck of Coaldust - £1,000 Juliet Thomas for Hallelujah Jordan - £1,000 Philippa Walshe for The Latecomer - £1,000 Madeleine Wickham for The Tennis Party - £1,000 1996 John Lanchester for The Debt to Pleasure - £8,000 Meera Syal for Anita and Me - £7,000 Rhidian Brook for The Testimony of Taliesin Jones - £5,000 Louis Caron Buss for The Luxury of Exile - £5,000 1997 Alex Garland for The Beach - £12,000 Josie Barnard for Poker Face - £5,000 Ardashir Vakil for Beach Boy - £5,000 Diran Adebayo for Some Kind of Black - £1,500 Sanjida O'Connell for Theory of Mind - £1,500 1998 Kiran Desai for Hullabaloo in the Guava Orchard for £10,000 Nick Earls for Zigzag Street - £8,000 Phil Whitaker for Eclipse of the Sun - £5,000 Gail Anderson-Dargatz for The Cure for Death by Lightning - £1,000 Tobias Hill for Underground - £1,000 1999 Elliot Perlman for Three Dollars - £7,000 Catherine Chidgey for In a Fishbone Church - £6,000 Giles Foden for The Last King of Scotland - £4,000 Dennis Bock for Olympia - £3,000 Rajeev Balasubramanyam for In Beautiful Disguises - £2,500 Sarah Waters for Tipping the Velvet - £1,000 2000s 2000 Jonathan Tulloch for The Season Ticket - £10,000 Julia Leigh for The Hunter - £7,000 Susan Elderkin for Sunset Over Chocolate Mountains - £4,000 Galaxy Craze for By The Shore - £2,000 Nicholas Griffin for The Requiem Shark - £2,000 2001 Zadie Smith for White Teeth - £8,000 Justin Hill for The Drink and Dream Teahouse - £5,000 Maggie O'Farrell for After You'd Gone - £5,000 Vivien Kelly for Take One Young Man - £4,000 Mohsin Hamid for Moth Smoke - £2,500 Patrick Neate for Musungu Jim and the Great Chief Tuloko - £2,500 2002 Hari Kunzru for The Impressionist - £8,000 Rachel Seiffert for The Dark Room - £5,000 Shamim Sarif for The World Unseen - £4,000 Helen Cross for My Summer of Love - £2,000 Chloe Hooper for A Child's Book of True Crime - £2,000 Susanna Jones for The Earthquake Bird - £2,000 Gwendoline Riley for Cold Water - £2,000 2003 Jon McGregor for If Nobody Speaks of Remarkable Things - £10,000 Sarah Hall for Haweswater - £6,000 Stephanie Merritt for Gaveston - £4,000 Elizabeth Garner for Nightdancing - £2,000 Zoë Strachan for Negative Space - £2,000 Adam Thirlwell for Politics - £1,000 2004 Louise Dean for Becoming Strangers - £8,000 Hannah MacDonald for The Sun Road - £6,000 Anthony Cartwright for The Afterglow - £3,000 Siddharth Dhanvant Sanghvi for The Last Song of Dusk - £3,000 2005 Susan Fletcher for Eve Green - £16,000 Diana Evans for 26a - £2,000 Helen Walsh for Brass - £2,000 2006 Nick Laird for Utterly Monkey - £10,000 Peter Hobbs for The Short Day Dying - £5,000 Nicola Monaghan for The Killing Jar - £5,000 2007 Will Davis for My Side of the Story - £10,000 Adam Foulds for The Truth About These Strange Times - £2,500 Cynan Jones for The Long Dry - £2,500 Julie Maxwell for You Can Live Forever - £2,500 Karen Mcleod for In Search of the Missing Eyelash - £2,500 2008 David Szalay for London and the South-East - £10,000 Ross Raisin for God's Own Country - £6,000 Thomas Leveritt for The Exchange Rate Between Love and Money for £2,000 Anna Ralph for The Floating Island - £2,000 2009 Samantha Harvey for The Wilderness - £12,000 (Prize) Eleanor Catton for The Rehearsal - £8,000 2010s 2010 Nadifa Mohamed for Black Mamba Boy - £10,000 (Prize) Evie Wyld for After the Fire, A Still Small Voice - £7,000 Jenn Ashworth for A Kind of Intimacy - £1,500 Adaobi Tricia Nwaubani for I Do Not Come To You By Chance - £1,500 2011 Anjali Joseph for Saraswati Park - £10,000 (Prize) Laura Barton for Twenty-One Locks - £6,000 Simon Lelic for Rupture - £2,500 Robert Williams for Luke and Jon - £2,500 2012 David Whitehouse for Bed - £8,000 (Prize) Kalinda Ashton for The Danger Game - £3,000 Elizabeth Day for Scissors, Paper, Stone - £3,000 Annabel Pitcher for My Sister Lives on the Mantelpiece for £3,000 Emma Jane Unsworth for Hungry the Stars and Everything - £3,000 2013 Grace McCleen for The Land of Decoration - £8,000 (Prize) Chibundu Onuzo for The Spider King's Daughter - £7,000 Francesca Segal for The Innocents - £2,500 Will Wiles for Care of Wooden Floors - £2,500 2014 Nathan Filer for The Shock Of The Fall - £10,000 (Prize) NoViolet Bulawayo for We Need New Names - £3,750 Sam Byers for Idiopathy - £3,750 Mave Fellowes for Chaplin and Company - £3,750 Matt Greene for Ostrich - £3,750 2015 Ben Fergusson for The Spring of Kasper Meier - £10,000 (Prize) Emma Healey for Elizabeth is Missing - £5,000 Zoe Pilger for Eat My Heart Out - £5,000 Simon Wroe for Chop Chop - £5,000 2016 Alex Christofi for Glass - £10,000 (Prize) Irenosen Okojie for Butterfly Fish - £5,000 Natasha Pulley for The Watchmaker of Filigree Street - £5,000 Lucy Wood for Wood for Weathering - £5,000 2017 Daniel Shand for Fallow - £10,000 (Prize) Rowan Hisayo Buchanan for Harmless Like You - £3,000 Elnathan John for Born on a Tuesday - £3,000 Kathleen Jowitt for Speak Its Name - £3,000 Rob McCarthy for The Hollow Men - £3,000 Barney Norris for Five Rivers Met on a Wooded Plain - £3,000 2018 Omar Robert Hamilton for The City Always Wins - £10,000 (Prize) Sarah Day for Mussolini's Island - £3,250 Clare Fisher for All the Good Things - £3,250 Eli Goldstone for Strange Heart Beating - £3,250 Lloyd Markham for Bad Ideas/Chemicals - £3,250 Masande Ntshanga for The Reactive - £3,250 2019 James Clarke for The Litten Path - £10,000 (Prize) Samuel Fisher for The Chameleon - £2,700 Imogen Hermes Gowar for The Mermaid and Mrs Hancock - £2,700 Ruqaya Izzidien for The Watermelon Boys - £2,700 Daisy Lafarge for Paul - £2,700 Rebecca Ley for Sweet Fruit, Sour Land - £2,700 Sophie Mackintosh for The Water Cure - £2,700 2020s 2020 Kathryn Hind for Hitch - £10,000 (Prize) Stacey Halls for The Familiars - £5,400 Isabella Hammad for The Parisian - £5,400 Okeychukwu Nzelu for The Private Joys of Nnenna Maloney - £5,400 2021 Thomas McMullan for The Last Good Man (Prize) Graeme Armstrong for The Young Team Maame Blue for Bad Love Nneoma Ike-Njoku for The Water House Kiran Millwood Hargrave for The Mercies Eley Williams for The Liar’s Dictionary 2022 Megan Nolan for Acts of Desperation (Jonathan Cape, Penguin Random House) Natasha Brown for Assembly (Hamish Hamilton, Penguin General) Will McPhail for IN: The Graphic Novel (Hodder & Stoughton, Sceptre) Caleb Azumah Nelson for Open Water (Penguin Random House, Viking) A. K. Blakemore for The Manningtree Witches (Granta Books) References External links The Betty Trask Prizes and Awards: Past Winners Commonwealth literary awards Society of Authors awards First book awards British fiction awards Awards established in 1984 Literary awards honouring young writers
4014932	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantowbol	Bantowbol	Bantowbol or bantubol is a style of music from Cameroon. The genre is derived from Cameroonian folk music. The name bantowbol is partially derived from bal, a term for accordion playing. The principal musicians of bantowbol are Gibraltar Drakus and Nkondo Si Tony. References Nkolo, Jean-Victor, and Graeme Ewens (2000). "Cameroon: Music of a Small Continent". World Music, Volume 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East. London: Rough Guides Ltd., p. 445. Cameroonian styles of music
4014943	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murse	Murse	Murse may refer to: Moers, city in Germany, spelled Murse in archaic Dutch A man's handbag (portmanteau word from "male purse") A male nurse See also Mirza, Persian title, a prince or educated man, variant spelling
4014946	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornelia%20B.%20Wilbur	Cornelia B. Wilbur	Cornelia B. Wilbur (August 26, 1908 – September 20, 1992) was an American psychiatrist. She is best known for a book, written by Flora Rheta Schreiber, and a television film, both titled Sybil, which were presented as non-fiction accounts of the psychiatric treatment she rendered to a person diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder. Early life and education Cornelia Burwell Wilbur was born in Cleveland, Ohio, on August 26, 1908. While she was an infant, her family moved to a ranch in Montana. The family returned to Cleveland in 1918. She was educated in the public schools in Montana and Cleveland. She attended William Smith College in Geneva, New York, before enrolling at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan. She received her bachelor's degree and master's degree from the University of Michigan. She then enrolled at the University of Michigan Medical School. While in medical school, she became the first female extern at Kalamazoo State Hospital, where she also successfully treated an agoraphobic girl diagnosed with hysteria. Wilbur graduated with an M.D. in 1939. She was one of eight woman in her graduating class. Wilbur practiced psychiatry in Omaha, Nebraska; New York City; and Weston, West Virginia. Wilbur is best known for her work with Shirley Ardell Mason, who was purported to have been severely abused as a child, and who developed 16 alternate personalities as a result. A book, written by Flora Rheta Schreiber, and a television film, both titled Sybil, were ostensibly non-fiction accounts of the psychiatric treatment received by Mason while in Wilbur's care. She diagnosed and treated Mason for dissociative identity disorder (then referred to as Multiple Personality Disorder) for 11 years, beginning in 1954. Academic career Wilbur joined the University of Kentucky College of Medicine in 1967, earning an appointment as a professor of psychiatry. Wilbur was a pioneer clinician, as well as an educator, researcher, and mentor for others in the field of psychiatry. Wilbur was one of the authors of Homosexuality: A Psychoanalytic Study of Male Homosexuals (1962), an influential study of the development of male homosexuality. Wilbur lectured around the world about child, spouse, and elder abuse and their repercussions, and advocated parenting education to prevent child abuse. She was also interested in increasing the admission rates of women to medical schools. In the late 1970s, Wilbur consulted on the case of Billy Milligan, the first man to be acquitted of a crime in the United States by reason of insanity due to multiple personality disorder. Wilbur was a Diplomate of the American Board of Neurology and Psychiatry in both Neurology and Psychiatry (1946), had a certificate in psychoanalysis (1951), and was Professor Emerita at the University of Kentucky Medical College. She was a Life Fellow of the American Medical Association, the American Psychiatric Association, and the American Academy of Psychoanalysis. She was honored by the University of Kentucky Medical College for her Outstanding Contribution to Medical Education. In 1987, she was honored for her Distinguished Achievements by the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociative Disorders. She published about 50 papers in peer-reviewed professional journals. Mason controversy Wilbur's diagnosis of Mason has been questioned, and both Flora Schreiber and she have been accused of inventing or exaggerating the multiple personality diagnosis and manipulating Mason for professional and financial gain. One examination of the case of "Sybil" is Debbie Nathan's book Sybil Exposed: The Extraordinary Story Behind the Famous Multiple Personality Case. Nathan presented evidence that Mason never displayed multiple personalities until she met Wilbur. The patient's symptoms emerged over the years from a mutually reinforced self-deception of both Mason and Wilbur. Nathan's research indicated that Wilbur and Schreiber fabricated aspects of the treatment narrative in Sybil to bolster their claims about Mason, even including Mason's father's false claim that Mason's mother had been diagnosed with schizophrenia. External links Ace Weekly Magazine Article – August 2, 2001 Images in Psychiatry: Cornelia B. Wilbur References 1908 births 1992 deaths American psychiatrists University of Michigan Medical School alumni 20th-century American physicians American women psychiatrists 20th-century American women physicians
4014947	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menthol%20%28data%20page%29	Menthol (data page)	This page provides supplementary chemical data on Menthol. Material Safety Data Sheet The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommended that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source such as SIRI or the links below, and follow its directions. Baker MSDS (l-form) Fisher MSDS (DL or racemic form) Fisher MSDS (l-form) Ambix MSDS Menthol Eucalyptus ointment Structure and properties Thermodynamic properties Spectral data References Chemical data pages Chemical data pages cleanup
4014949	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony%20Fox%20Sales	Tony Fox Sales	Tony Fox Sales (born September 26, 1951) is an American rock musician and composer. Normally on bass guitar, Sales and his brother, Hunt Sales, have worked with Todd Rundgren, Iggy Pop, and in Tin Machine with David Bowie. Early life and career Born in Cleveland, Ohio, a son of 1950s/'60s TV comedian Soupy Sales (January 8, 1926 - October 22, 2009) and Barbara Fox (June 23, 1931 – May 28, 2017), Tony grew up in Detroit, Michigan, with his younger brother, Hunt Sales (born 1954). His first musical group was Tony and the Tigers, with Hunt as drummer. The band also included Jon Pousette-Dart, son of artist Richard Pousette-Dart and later the leader of the Pousette-Dart Band. In 1966 the band appeared on the TV show I've Got a Secret hosted by Steve Allen, and performed two songs, "I'll Be On My Way" and "When The Party's Over," vintage clips of which are featured on YouTube. Tony and The Tigers released the song "Turn It on Girl," which was a minor local hit in Detroit, and appeared twice on the show Hullabaloo: December 20, 1965, hosted by Jerry Lewis, and April 4, 1966, hosted by their father, Soupy Sales. The band also opened for The Animals at Steel Pier in Atlantic City in 1967. Tony and Hunt went on to work with Chequered Past, David Bowie, Iggy Pop, Todd Rundgren, Bob Welch, Andy Fraser of Free, Harry Dean Stanton and The Cheap Dates, The Hunt Sales Memorial, Tin Machine (with Bowie), and others from 1989 to 1994. Career In 1970, the Sales brothers joined Todd Rundgren in the newly formed group, Runt, and recorded two albums. They recorded 2 tracks for the Iggy Pop/James Williamson album Kill City in 1975 and provided the rhythm section for Pop's album Lust for Life (1977), which was produced by David Bowie, who also played keyboards The brothers joined Pop on his subsequent tour, recorded as TV Eye Live 1977 and released in 1978. He and Anulka Dziubinska were married on August 20, 1978, in Los Angeles. He and his brother, Hunt, did some recordings together which were stored away after Tony had a car accident in 1979 so severe that he was all but dead for several minutes before being revived. He was consequently in a coma for over eight months but eventually recovered from his injuries and went back into music. Sales and Taryn Power, daughter of the late movie star Tyrone Power and actress Linda Christian, had two children, Anthony Tyrone "Tony" Sales (born September 4, 1982) and Valentina Fox Sales (born September 10, 1983). In 1982, Sales joined a band named Chequered Past, which included singer/actor Michael Des Barres (later of Power Station), ex-Sex Pistols guitarist Steve Jones, and Blondie’s bass player Nigel Harrison and drummer Clem Burke. According to Des Barres, the choice of name was not an idle one. "All the members have been through a lot," he told the Los Angeles Times at his house in Hollywood, including the fact that Sales had fully recovered from a debilitating auto accident. After an album released by Chequered Past in 1984 flopped the band broke up shortly afterward. Sales joined David Bowie, Reeves Gabrels and Hunt Sales in Tin Machine in 1988. The New York Times said of the band's first album, "Tin Machine sounds as if it was made by people working together, not by a producer with a computer." On November 23, 1991, Tin Machine appeared on Saturday Night Live, which was hosted by then child actor Macaulay Culkin. Tin Machine recorded three albums and did two tours before it broke up in 1992. Bowie later stated that his memories of Tony and Hunt Sales' contribution to Lust for Life led him to invite them to join Tin Machine. Throughout the 1990s, Sales recorded and produced and was a member of the short-lived all-star band The Cheap Dates, which included actor Harry Dean Stanton, Jeff "Skunk" Baxter and Slim Jim Phantom. Sales and Hunt's recordings from the late 1970s were released in 2008 by Perseverance Records as a solo album, Hired Guns. An e-book about them, Quintessentially Soul Brothers: The Sales Brothers In Their Own Words by Stephanie Lynne Thorburn, was published in 2009. Instruments Since the middle of the eighties Sales has used a Vigier Passion Bass. Discography With Todd Rundgren Runt (1970) Runt: The Ballad of Todd Rundgren (1971) Something/Anything? (1972) And with Andy Fraser of the band Free, "Till the Night is Gone" With Iggy Pop Kill City (recorded 1975, released 1977) Sister Midnight (recorded 1977, released 1999) Lust for Life (1977) TV Eye Live 1977 (1978) With Tin Machine Tin Machine (1989) Tin Machine II (1991) Tin Machine Live: Oy Vey, Baby (1992) Solo Hired Guns (2008) References External links Sales Brothers Homepage Tony Sales' basses Sales Brothers eBook biography, retrieved 6/1/2012 1951 births Living people Musicians from Cleveland Jewish American musicians Tin Machine members Jewish rock musicians Guitarists from Los Angeles Guitarists from Detroit Guitarists from Ohio Utopia (American band) members 20th-century American bass guitarists 21st-century American Jews
4014951	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada%20at%20the%201928%20Winter%20Olympics	Canada at the 1928 Winter Olympics	Canada competed at the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, Switzerland. Canada has competed at every Winter Olympic Games. The Canadian Olympic Committee appointed W. A. Hewitt as head of mission for Canada at the 1928 Winter Olympics. He oversaw travel arrangements for the delegation which included figure skating, speed skating, skiing, and ice hockey. Hewitt and the Canadian delegation totalled 47 people, and sailed from Halifax aboard SS Arabic to Cherbourg, then travelled to St. Moritz. Hewitt and the delegation then returned to Canada aboard SS Celtic. Medalists Cross-country skiing Men Figure skating Men Women Pairs Ice hockey The University of Toronto Graduates as the 1927 Allan Cup champions were chosen to represent Canada in ice hockey, and Hewitt oversaw the team's finances at the Olympics. Conn Smythe coached the team during the OHA season, but refused to go to the Olympics due to disagreements on which players were added to the team by the Canadian Olympic Committee. The Graduates went without Smythe, led by team captain Red Porter. Hewitt was opposed to the format of the hockey tournament at the Olympics, which saw the Canadian team receive a bye into the second round. He wanted the team to have more games, rather than be idle for a week. Despite the wait to play, the Graduates won all three games by scoring 38 goals and conceding none, to win the gold medal. Medal round The top teams from each of the three groups, plus Canada, which had received a bye into the medal round, played a 3 game round-robin to determine the medal winners. Top scorer Nordic combined Events: 18 km cross-country skiing normal hill ski jumping The cross-country skiing part of this event was combined with the main medal event of cross-country skiing. Those results can be found above in this article in the cross-country skiing section. Some athletes (but not all) entered in both the cross-country skiing and Nordic combined event, their time on the 18 km was used for both events. One would expect that athletes competing at the Nordic combined event, would participate in the cross-country skiing event as well, as they would have the opportunity to win more than one medal. This was not always the case due to the maximum number of athletes that could represent a country per event. The ski jumping (normal hill) event was held separate from the main medal event of ski jumping, results can be found in the table below. Ski jumping Speed skating Men References Sources Olympic Winter Games 1928, full results by sports-reference.com Nations at the 1928 Winter Olympics 1928 Olympics, Winter
4014955	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotton%20duck	Cotton duck	Cotton duck (from , "linen canvas"), also simply duck, sometimes duck cloth or duck canvas, is a heavy, plain woven cotton fabric. Duck canvas is more tightly woven than plain canvas. There is also linen duck, which is less often used. Cotton duck is used in a wide range of applications, from sneakers to painting canvases to tents to sandbags. Duck fabric is woven with two yarns together in the warp and a single yarn in the weft. By treating with wax, duck fabric can be made waterproof (see Waxed Cotton). Cotton duck strips were the origin of duck tape, recorded in the Oxford English Dictionary as having been in use since 1899 (see duct tape). Classification Duck is classified according to weight in a numerical system, with grade 1 the heaviest and grade 12 the lightest variety. Besides this, traditional names exist, which are rarely used today. The classification system used today dates from the 1920s. A numbered duck classification system was put into effect by the Cotton Duck Association and the United States Department of Commerce when discrepancies came about with various specifications and qualities of material. In a technical paper titled "Development of the Standard Numbered Cotton Duck Specification", the Department's National Bureau of Standards established a set of specifications acceptable to manufacturer and consumer. According to the Department of Commerce, "The number of the duck is based on the following computation: Number of Duck = 19 − (Weight per linear yard 22 inches wide in ounces)." This numbering system is used to describe the various weights of duck cloth, based on the weight of a piece. Weights below 19 ounces are called numbered duck. Those above 19 ounces are called naught duck. The grade of numbered duck refers to the number of ounces subtracted from 19 for a 36-by-22-inch piece of fabric. For example, a piece of 8 numbered duck with dimensions of 36 by 22 inches weighs (19 − 8 = 11). Number duck classifications per linear yard, 22 inches wide Numbered duck is nominally made in weights from 1 to 12, but numbers 7, 9, and 11 are no longer used. Some typical uses of various grades (with weights in ounces) are: 1 (18 oz): hammocks, cots, sandbags 2 (17 oz): hatch paulins 3 (16 oz): heavy-duty bags 4 (15 oz): sea bags 5 (14 oz): heavy work clothes 6 (13 oz): large boat covers, heavy work clothes 8 (11 oz): work clothes, clothes bags 10 (9 oz): work clothes, shower curtains 12 (7 oz): light clothes Number duck classifications per square yard There is often confusion when it comes to matching up weights and the correct number duck classification. The table below accurately represents the weight and number duck classification per square yard instead of linear yard 22 inches wide. No. 1 (): floor & wall covering, sound absorption, equipment covers, heavy bags, horse packs, storage bins No. 2 (): hatch paulins No. 3 (): sea bags No. 4 (): heavy-duty work clothes, hammocks, sand bags, director chairs, place mats, belting No. 5 (): heavy work clothes No. 6 (): utility bags, place mats, belting No. 8 (): backpacks, painted floor cloths, tents, tarps, awnings, work clothes, clothes bags No. 10 (): artist canvas, murals, shower curtains, painted floor cloths, hammocks, clothes No. 12 (): stretched artist canvas, furniture slip covers, light clothes See also Denim Drill (fabric) Duct tape Dungaree Ticking Twill References Woven fabrics de:Canvas_(Gewebe)
4014961	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristina%20Stenbeck	Cristina Stenbeck	Cristina Mayville Stenbeck, born 27 September 1977 in New York City, United States, is a Swedish business woman and investor. She is the principal owner and former executive chairman of Investment AB Kinnevik, one of the largest family-controlled companies in Sweden. Early life Stenbeck was born in New York City as the eldest daughter of Jan Stenbeck (1942-2002), a Swedish industrialist and entrepreneur, and her American mother, Merrill McLeod. Her parents had three other children, Hugo, Sophie and Max Stenbeck. Her father also had the son Felix Granander. Stenbeck is the granddaughter of Hugo Stenbeck (1890 – 1977), a Swedish industrialist and lawyer who was one of the co-founders of the family company, Investment AB Kinnevik. Stenbeck attended St. Andrew's School in Delaware (where she later served as a trustee), and graduated from Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. with a Bachelor of Science in 2000 at age 22. Career Stenbeck's business career began in 1997 after she joined the board of Invik & Co, a finance-based subsidiary of Kinnevik at the time. Stenbeck assumed leadership of the group in 2003 when she became the vice chairman of Investment AB Kinnevik, later becoming chairman in 2007. In 2016 she stepped down as chairman of Kinnevik to concentrate on her investor role. For the next decade after 2003, Stenbeck made successful changes at Kinnevik, consolidating the ownership of the group, whilst simplifying the corporate structure. She also divested peripheral businesses in order to reduce leverage and increase transparency of the company. Her leadership has also seen the group's global network expand; the Kinnevik Group now operate in more than 80 countries in the communication, entertainment, media and e-commerce sectors, with well-known brands like Tigo, Tele2, Viasat, and Zalando forming part of the firm's reach. In early 2014, she was appointed chairman of the board at the online fashion retail website Zalando. She also joined the board of Spotify. Honors and awards In April 2012, Stenbeck was awarded the Swedish Royal Patriotic Society Business Medal for outstanding entrepreneurship, while in November 2012, she won the Golden Gavel for her leadership as chairman of a listed company. Personal life Stenbeck has been married to the English businessman Alexander Fitzgibbons since September 2005. She has 5 children. She was named 2016 European Manager of the Year by European Business Press (EBP). References 21st-century Swedish businesswomen American people of Swedish descent 1977 births Living people Stenbeck family Georgetown University alumni People from Long Island 21st-century American businesswomen
4014966	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20for%20Egon%20Schiele	Music for Egon Schiele	Music for Egon Schiele is the second album by the instrumental group Rachel's, released in 1996. The album was composed as the score to a theatrical production, Egon Schiele, about the life of the painter Egon Schiele. It was staged by the Itinerant Theater Guild, in 1995. Critical reception The Village Voice called the album "a haunting array of compositions that attempt to narrate the elements of Schiele's life through cello, piano, viola, and bass." Rolling Stone noted that "the music is as stark and loving as Schiele's art, the sound of a noble, lonely agony rendered in elegant monochrome." AllMusic wrote that "it is to pianist Rachel Grimes' credit that her pieces convey a stirring sense of drama and vivid imagery that perfectly match her subject." Track listing "Family Portrait" – 5:41 "Egon & Gertie" – 3:02 "First Self-Portrait Series" – 3:47 "Mime Van Osen" – 3:05 "Second Self-Portrait Series" – 2:30 "Wally, Egon & Models in the Studio" – 4:41 "Promenade" – 8:24 "Third Self-Portrait Series" – 2:23 "Egon, Edith & Wally Meet" – 2:41 "Egon & Wally Embrace and Say Farewell" – 3:09 "Egon & Edith" – 2:55 "Second Family Portrait" – 4:45 References Rachel's albums 1996 albums Quarterstick Records albums
4014967	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarporley	Tarporley	Tarporley is a large village and civil parish in Cheshire, England. The civil parish also contains the village of Rhuddall Heath. Tarporley is bypassed by the A49 and A51 roads. At the 2011 census, the population was 2,614. History Tarporley is near the site of a prehistoric settlement. Several prehistoric artefacts have been discovered within close proximity of the present-day village: a Neolithic stone axe, a flint scraper and a Bronze Age barbed and tanged arrow head. It is listed in the Domesday Book as Torpelei, which has been translated as meaning “a pear wood near a hill called Torr”. For this reason, Tarporley Church of England Primary School has a pear tree for its emblem. However, the exact origins and meaning are unclear. The name has also been suggested to mean "a peasant's wood/clearing", derived from the Old English words þorpere (someone who lives at a thorp; a peasant) and lēah (a wood, forest, glade or clearing) In 1066, the settlement was owned by Wulfgeat of Madeley and was worth one pound. Twenty years later, under the ownership of Gilbert the Hunter (Gilbert de Venables), Tarporley's value had halved, to ten shillings. This small agricultural settlement comprised eight households (four villagers, two smallholders and two slaves). The Domesday entry suggests that Tarporley was one of many townships still recovering from the devastation caused by the Normans' Harrying of the North in 1069–70. Governance An electoral ward of the same name exists. This ward stretches north-east to the Budworths with a total population at the 2011 census of 4,398. Civic history At Domesday, Tarporley was a township and ancient parish in the Hundred of Rushton, but by the late 12th century it had become part of Eddisbury Hundred. From 1866, the village has had civil parish status and its parish council gives it some limited local government autonomy. The parish council comprises 12 locally elected members. Tarporley Urban District was created in 1894 and was abolished in 1936. From 1936 until 1974 Tarporley was a part of Northwich Rural District, until that district's abolition as a result of the Local Government Act 1972. From 1 April 1974 Tarporley formed part of the borough of Vale Royal, within Cheshire and was included in the new unitary authority of Cheshire West and Chester on 1 April 2009. Political representation Tarporley has been in the parliamentary constituency of Eddisbury since that constituency's re-establishment in 1983, following its abolition in 1950. The constituency has been represented by Conservative MPs since its re-establishment: Edward Timpson (since 2019), Stephen O'Brien (1999–2015) and Antoinette Sandbach (2015–19). Demography Geography and transport Tarporley is bypassed by the A49 and A51 roads. The village was once served by Beeston Castle and Tarporley railway station on the North Wales Coast Line between Crewe and Chester, more than two miles from the village; the line remains open but the station closed in April 1966. A local bus service, route 84, is provided by Arriva Buses Wales. Education Tarporley has two schools: Tarporley High School and Tarporley Church of England Primary School. Brook Farm School was a state special education boarding school located in the village that closed in 2001 and was demolished in 2013. Culture Established in 1983, through The British Council, Tarporley is twinned with the Breton village of Bohars, near Brest, France. Tarporley Hunt Club, the oldest surviving hunt club in England, meets in the village every Christmas. A community radio station dedicated to the surrounding towns is currently being set up under the name Radio Tarporley – Tarporley Community Radio. See also Listed buildings in Tarporley St Helen's Church, Tarporley Portal, Tarporley References Notes External links Parish council website Civil parishes in Cheshire Villages in Cheshire
4014984	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal%20torpedo	Coal torpedo	The coal torpedo was a hollow iron casting filled with explosives and covered in coal dust, deployed by the Confederate Secret Service during the American Civil War, and intended for doing harm to Union steam transportation. When it was shoveled into the firebox amongst the coal, the resulting explosion would at the very least damage the boiler and render the engines inoperable. At worst, a catastrophic boiler explosion would kill crewmen and passengers, start a fire, or even sink the vessel. Development The coal torpedo was invented by Captain Thomas Edgeworth Courtenay of the Confederate Secret Service. During the Civil War, the term torpedo was used to indicate a wide range of explosive devices including what are now called land mines, naval mines, improvised explosive devices, and booby traps. Northern newspapers referred to Courtenay's coal bombs as torpedoes, or sometimes "infernal machines"; Courtenay himself called it his "coal shell". The torpedoes were manufactured at the 7th Avenue Artillery shop (across the street from Tredegar Iron Works) in Richmond, Virginia, in January 1864. The manufacturing process was similar to that used for artillery shells, except that actual pieces of coal were used as patterns for iron castings. The walls of the coal shell were about 3/8 inch thick, creating a hollow space inside sufficient to hold 3–4 ounces of gunpowder. After filling, the shell was closed with a threaded plug, then dipped in melted beeswax and rolled in coal dust, creating the appearance of a lump of coal. Finished coal torpedoes were about 4 inches (10 cm) on a side and weighed 3–4 lb (1.5–2 kg). The size and powder charge of the coal torpedo was similar to a 6-pound shrapnel shell (a hollow, four-inch cannonball containing gunpowder and 24 musket balls as shrapnel) or the equivalent of three Civil War-era hand grenades. Even so, the explosion of a coal torpedo under a ship's boiler would not by itself be sufficient to sink the vessel. The purpose of the coal torpedo was to burst the pressurized steam boiler, which had the potential to cause a tremendous secondary explosion. Boiler explosions were not uncommon in the early years of steam transportation, and often resulted in the complete destruction of the vessel by fire. In action, the coal torpedo would leave little evidence that a boiler explosion was due to sabotage. Deployment Courtenay was authorized to form a company of men to infiltrate enemy lines and place coal torpedoes in the coal piles used to fuel Union steam ships. It was especially intended to be used against ships of the Union blockade, although Courtenay was authorized to act against any Union military or commercial shipping in Confederate waters. Although the Union blockade and other forms of military shipping were Courtenay's primary targets, he also had plans to use the coal torpedo to attack steam locomotives, although no confirmed attacks are known to have been made. On 19 March 1864, a Union gunboat captured a rebel courier crossing the Mississippi, carrying a letter from Courtenay describing the coal torpedo. The correspondence was forwarded to Admiral David Porter, who immediately issued his General Order 184, which began The enemy have adopted new inventions to destroy human life and vessels in the shape of torpedoes, and an article resembling coal, which is to be placed in our coal piles for the purpose of blowing the vessels up, or injuring them. Officers will have to be careful in overlooking coal barges. Guards will be placed over them at all times, and anyone found attempting to place any of these things amongst the coal will be shot on the spot. In April 1865, most of the official papers of the Confederate Secret Service were burned by Secretary of State Judah P. Benjamin just before the government evacuated Richmond, making it impossible to determine with any certainty how many ships were destroyed by Courtenay's shell. Union Admiral Porter credited the coal torpedo with sinking the Greyhound, a private steamboat that had been commandeered by General Benjamin F. Butler for use as a floating headquarters on the James River. Courtenay also took credit for the boiler explosion on the gunboat USS Chenango that scalded 33 men (28 fatally), though the vessel itself survived and was repaired and returned to duty. In the spring of 1865, Canadian customs raided a house in Toronto that had been rented by Jacob Thompson, one of the commissioners of the Confederate Secret Service stationed in Canada. They found coal torpedoes and other incendiary devices hidden under the floorboards. On April 27, 1865, the sidewheel steamboat Sultana exploded her boilers just above Memphis, TN while carrying almost 2,000 Union prisoners of war home to the North. 1,196 people died. Within a few days, the first mate, who had failed to redistribute the weight on the top-heavy boat once a large load of supplies was removed from the hold, claimed that the Sultana was exploded by a coal torpedo. Three investigative bodies looked into the possibility and refuted it. In 1888, a former Union prison guard claimed that a Confederate mail-carrier named Robert Louden had told him years before that he had used a coal torpedo to sink the steamboat. The mail carrier was long dead and unable to answer questions. Many Sultana survivors and other experts immediately refuted the idea. Captain Thomas Edgeworth Courtenay never claimed the sinking of the Sultana by a coal torpedo. Although the coal torpedo sabotage theory remains popular, it is refuted by most experts, including the historians on History Channel's History Detectives. After the Civil War Courtenay had traveled to England in 1864 and remained there until 1867, trying to sell the "secret" of the coal torpedo to foreign governments. He approached the British War Office, but they turned him down after he would not agree to allow them to examine his invention before purchasing it. When Courtenay returned to the United States, one or more business partners to whom he had entrusted the secret remained in England. The Times in 1873 reported rumors that disreputable ship owners were purchasing coal torpedoes to put in their own ships as a form of insurance fraud, so that over-insured ships and cargo would sink while far out at sea, leaving no evidence. Other reports scoffed at the rumors, suggesting they were false stories planted by supporters of Samuel Plimsoll, a Member of Parliament who was trying to pass a bill reforming the shipping industry. Nothing was ever proven, but the reports stirred up popular interest in various supposed methods of sabotaging ships, and the coal torpedo even made an appearance in the short story, "That Little Square Box", by Arthur Conan Doyle, published in the collection The Captain of the Polestar and Other Tales in 1890. Various forms of exploding coal, whether directly descended from Courtenay's original idea or independently developed, have surfaced multiple times throughout history. The Fenian Brotherhood, an Irish nationalist organization operating in the United States in the late 1860s–1870s, reportedly considered placing coal torpedoes in the furnaces of New York City hotels as well as English transatlantic steamships. They were a strong suspect in the destruction of the warship at Punta Arenas in 1881, but later evidence proved the explosion was accidental. Both the American OSS and the British SOE used forms of exploding coal in World War II. The German commandos who came ashore on Long Island in 1942 as part of Operation Pastorius carried plastic explosives disguised as coal for use against coal-fired electric generating plants. Such a German coal torpedo was given to the British double agent Eddie Chapman (also known as "Agent Zig-Zag") to sabotage the merchant ship City of Lancaster, but he passed it on to his MI5 handler instead. Similar devices were also made by the Japanese during World War II. Stanley Karnow hints in his book Vietnam: A History that the CIA prepared explosive coal for use against North Vietnamese railways during the Vietnam War. See also Explosive rat Bat bomb Project Eldest Son Notes References Ann Larabee, The Dynamite Fiend: The Chilling Tale of a Confederate Spy, Con Artist, and Mass Murderer. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. Raimondo Luraghi, A History of the Confederate Navy. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1996. Milton F. Perry, Infernal Machines; the story of Confederate submarine and mine warfare. New Orleans: Louisiana State University Press, 1963. G.E. and Deb Rule, "The Sultana: A case for sabotage." North and South Magazine, Vol. 5, issue 1, December 2001. - The bulk of this book is a reprint of National Archives documents HS 7/28 and HS 7/28. Joseph M. and Thomas H. Thatcher, Confederate Coal Torpedo: Thomas Courtenay's Infernal Sabotage Weapon: Keith Kennerly Press 2011 External links General Order 184 American Civil War weapons Bombs Sabotage
4014985	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isocrotonic%20acid	Isocrotonic acid	Isocrotonic acid (also known as quartenylic acid; formally named (Z)-2-butenoic acid) is the cis isomer of crotonic acid. It is an oil, possessing a smell similar to that of brown sugar. It boils at 171.9 °C, concomitant with conversion into crotonic acid. Isomerization is complete when the cis acid is heated to 170–180 °C in a sealed tube. Rudolph Fittig and Hugo Erdmann showed that the γ-phenyl structural analog of isocrotonic acid forms α-naphthol when dehydrated, an observation that provided useful evidence in understanding the nature of naphthalene. (Z)-(C6H5)CH=CHCH2COOH → α-naphthol + H2O References Enoic acids
4014986	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Society%20of%20Anesthesiologists	American Society of Anesthesiologists	The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) is an educational, research and scientific association of physicians organized to raise the standards of the medical practice of anesthesiology and to improve patient care. As of 2021, the organization included more than 55,000 national and international members and has more than 100 full-time employees. History Anesthesiology's roots date back to the mid-19th century. On March 30, 1842, Crawford Long, M.D. administered the first ether anesthetic for surgery and operated to remove a tumor from a patient's neck. After the surgery, the patient revealed that he felt nothing and was not aware the surgery was over until he awoke. This was the start of a specialty critical to modern medicine, anesthesiology. In 1905, nine physicians (from Long Island, N.Y.) organized the first professional anesthesia society. In 1911, the Society expanded to 23 members and became the New York Society of Anesthetists. Over the next 25 years, involvement in anesthesia-related issues grew and attracted other interested physicians nationwide. In 1936, the Society changed its name to the American Society of Anesthetists. In 1945, the organization moved to become the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA). In 1960, the ASA established an Executive Office in Park Ridge, Illinois to meet growing membership and patient-care demands. In 2014, the ASA opened new headquarters in Schaumburg, Illinois. Membership Membership is open to holders of Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) degrees who are licensed practitioners and have successfully completed a training program in anesthesiology approved by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) or American Osteopathic Association (AOA). The ASA also maintains an active resident component, medical student component as well as an anesthesiologist assistant component. Non-physician providers of anesthesia care (anesthesiologist assistants, nurse anesthetists, dentist, veterinarians, APRNs) can join as educational members. Governance ASA is governed by its House of Delegates. The House of Delegates is composed of ASA delegates and directors (designated by geographic distribution), ASA officers, all past presidents, the Editor-in-Chief of the journal, the chairs of all sections, the chair of the ASA delegation to the American Medical Association House of Delegates and each member of the Resident Component Governing Council not to exceed five members and a non-voting member of the Medical Student component. The House of Delegates meets each year during the Society's Annual Meeting. Meetings Meetings are held annually and are based on scientific progress in the anesthesiology fields.\| Publications The Society publishes multiple academic resources within the following categories:\| Practice Management Practice Parameters Continuing Education Patient Education Patient Safety/Risk Management and Quality Improvement Periodicals ASA Monitor (newsletter)\| Anesthesiology (journal) Physician Booklets Anesthesia subspecialties While all anesthesiologists complete a minimum of eight years of medical training after college, some anesthesiologists have additional training (called a fellowship) in a specific area of anesthesiology. The ABA offers specific certifications in some of these areas. Anesthesiologists are not required to subspecialize, but many do focus on one area of care to further hone their expertise. These specialty areas include, but are not limited to: Ambulatory Anesthesia Cardiac Anesthesia Critical Care Anesthesia Fundamentals of Anesthesia Geriatric Anesthesia Neuroanesthesia Obstetric Anesthesia Pain Medicine Pediatric Anesthesia Perioperative Anesthesia Professional Issues Regional and Acute Anesthesia References External links Official website Medical associations based in the United States Anesthesiology organizations Medical and health organizations based in Illinois
4015004	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Daily%20Star%20%28Lebanon%29	The Daily Star (Lebanon)	The Daily Star was an English-language newspaper in Lebanon which was distributed across the Middle East. It was founded by Kamel Mrowa in 1952, ceased its print format in February 2020, and completely closed on 31 October 2021. History The paper was founded in 1952 by Kamel Mrowa, the publisher of the Arabic daily Al-Hayat, to serve the growing number of expatriates brought by the oil industry. First circulating in Lebanon and then expanding throughout the region, it not only relayed news about foreign workers' home countries, but also served to keep them informed about the region. By the 1960s, it was the leading English language newspaper in the Middle East. Upon the death of Mrowa in 1966, his widow Salma El Bissar took over the paper, running it until the outbreak of the Lebanese Civil War forced the suspension of publication. With peace hopes running high in the beginning of 1983, the paper restarted publication under the guidance of Mrowa's sons, but the intensification of the war again put the paper under pressure. The flight of the intelligentsia from the country depleted the paper's staff and its readership. Still, it continued as a daily until mid 1985 and then as a weekly for another year, before ceasing publication once again. One of daily's early editors was Jihad Khazen. With the arrival of peace in 1991, and the development of a rebuilding program three years later, the paper again looked to publish. With Kamel's first son Jamil Mroue as leader, printing was recommenced in 1996 with modern presses, experienced foreign journalists, and Lebanese staff. In 2004, The Daily Star merged its Lebanon and regional editions choosing to focus on Lebanese expatriates in the Persian Gulf region. The unified edition appeared in all countries except for Kuwait which had its own local edition published in partnership with Al-Watan, a Kuwaiti Arabic language daily. In 2006, the newspaper announced that its paper would soon be available in print in the United States. For two weeks (14 January to 31 January 2009), the printing of the paper was suspended by a Lebanese court order after financial difficulties. The website was not being updated either. The newspaper resumed publishing the second week of February 2009 with certain agreements with creditors about payment of accumulating debt. On 4 February 2020, the newspaper announced a temporary suspension of its print publication owing to financial difficulties. On 13 October 2021, the newspaper said its online news coverage had been temporarily suspended due to "circumstances beyond our control." Several weeks later, on 31 October 2021, its editor-in-chief Nadim Ladki told employees that the newspaper was officially shutting down. Some of the writers and reporters who contributed to The Daily Star include Mirella Hodeib, Wassim Mroueh, Hussein Dakroub, Jim Quilty, Ryan Shultz, Alex Rowell, Joseph Haboush, Venetia Rainey, Olivia Alabaster, Samya Kullab, Ghinwa Obeid, Benjamin Redd, Abby Sewell, Kareem Shaheen, Nizar Hassan, Edy Semaan, Justin Salhani, Heba Nasser, Timour Azhari, Emily Lewis, Beckie Strum, Hashem Osseiran, Dana Khraiche, Susan Wilson, Mazin Sidahmed, Lizzie Porter, Meris Lutz, and Ryan Stultz. Some of the photojournalists that contributed to the newspaper include Hasan Shaaban and Mohamad Azakir. Ownership According to the Media Ownership Monitor, an initiative by Reporters Without Borders and the Samir Kassir Foundation, The Daily Star was owned by the political Hariri family through D.S. Holding and Millennium Development. Distribution and circulation The Daily Star signed an exclusive marketing representation, printing and distribution agreement with the International Herald Tribune in 2000. Under the terms of the agreement, The Daily Star represented the IHT in the GCC, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Egypt, Yemen and Iraq. The Daily Star also produced a local edition in Kuwait. Under this agreement, The Daily Star was published and distributed alongside the International Herald Tribunes Middle-East edition. The Daily Star management however decided to break the agreement over a dispute regarding the newspaper's length, which the IHT management wanted to see reduced. The paper reduced considerably in size after temporarily closing in January 2009. It was no longer distributed with the IHT. Downfall In light of changes in consumer behavior having adverse reactions towards politically owned and affiliated media outlets following the October 17 Revolution, The Daily Star began losing revenue and readership. In February 2020, The Daily Star ceased its print editions, citing its inability to secure advertising. The company was also unable to pay their staff, with many reporting working for at least 6 months with no pay - a similar story to that of other Hariri-owned outlets like Future TV. As of December 2020, it no longer held the leading position for Lebanese news in English - losing its decades-long position to The961. Controversies The Daily Star was one of the Lebanese newspapers which were close to SAVAK, Iranian intelligence agency, during the ownership of Kamel Mrowa who was an anti-Nasserist. However, the relations with Iran ended when the newspaper's office was attacked due to its extensive publications against Gamal Nasser, President of Egypt, and Iran recognized Israel. The Daily Star, along with other Hariri-owned outlets like Future TV, had not been paying their staff salaries. They let go of employees who organized a strike at the company due to nonpayment of salaries, many of whom went on to join L'Orient Today, L'Orient le Jours English section. Articles by Jamal Khashoggi Jamal Khashoggi was a contributor as a Saudi political analyst and deputy editor of Saudi Arabia’s English-language Arab News and published several commentaries for The Daily Star. His opinions since 2002 included endorsing moderation and combating extremism in Western nations, referring to bin Laden as a moderate who was a victim converted to "extreme jihad," applying Geneva Convention articles in Gaza and the West Bank, and expressing skepticism of US-Israeli-Saudi relations, especially after the 1991 Gulf War honeymoon period, in view of demolition of Palestinian homes supported by Colin Powell and the Israeli government, and the lucrative target for potential seizure presented by Saudi Arabia's one-fourth of world's proven oil reserves. One of the four 9/11 widows - known as the "Jersey Girls" - mentions the unusual timing of the disappearance of Khashoggi with respect to the release of documents by the Department of Justice, supporting the 9/11 Families' Litigation, that may implicate the Saudi government in the 9/11 attacks. References External links Daily Star official site 1952 establishments in Lebanon 2021 disestablishments in Lebanon Daily newspapers published in Lebanon Defunct newspapers published in Lebanon English-language newspapers published in Lebanon Newspapers established in 1952 Newspapers published in Beirut Publications disestablished in 2021
4015010	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Despard%20Estes	Richard Despard Estes	Richard Despard Estes (December 26, 1927 - December 6, 2021) was a biologist specialising in the behaviour of mammals in mainland Africa. He was particularly interested in studying wildebeest. This interest led Rod East, the former co-chair of the Antelope Specialist Group of the IUCN-World Conservation Union, to dub him the 'Guru of Gnu.' It has been suggested that Estes is responsible for most of the world's knowledge of wildebeest behaviour. Estes chose to study wildebeest because he thought they were 'the most interesting' animals he knew, particularly in their rutting behaviour. He obtained his doctorate in the early 1960s with a thesis on the wildebeest of the Ngorongoro Crater, in which he advanced the theory that the females' estrus was triggered by the rumbling 'love call' of the males. Estes has spent most of the ensuing 40 years doing field work in Africa. In 2004 he began a project in cooperation with the Smithsonian Institution to test his early theory using new advances in molecular chemistry. Estes has written two guides for travellers to Africa, The Behavior Guide to African Mammals (considered the standard reference of its kind) and The Safari Companion. Estes lives in Peterborough, New Hampshire. Bibliography The Behavior Guide to African Mammals: Including Hoofed Mammals, Carnivores, Primates, University of California Press, 1991 National Audubon Society Field Guide to African Wildlife (with Peter C. Alden, Duane Schlitter and Bunny McBride), Knopf, 1995 The Safari Companion: A Guide to Watching African Mammals Including Hoofed Mammals, Carnivores, and Primates, Chelsea Green Publishing Company, 1999 Notes and references External links Selection of articles by Estes from the Rare Species Conservatory Foundation. Interview with Thomson Safaris Newsletter. Audio interview (mp3 format) from airborneadventuresafrica.com. 1927 births 2021 deaths American mammalogists People from Peterborough, New Hampshire
4015020	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trout%20tickling	Trout tickling	Trout tickling is the art of rubbing the underbelly of a trout with fingers. If done properly, the trout will go into a trance after a minute or so, and can then easily be retrieved and thrown onto the nearest bit of dry land. History Trout tickling has been practiced for many centuries. It is mentioned in Shakespeare's comedy Twelfth Night, where it is used as a metaphor for bamboozlement by Olivia's servant Maria, who is about to play a vengeful prank on the pompous steward, Malvolio: The technique was a common practice used by boys, poachers and working men in times of economic stress, particularly during the 1930s Depression era. Poachers using the method required no nets, rods or lines or any other incriminating equipment if apprehended by the police or gamekeepers. Thomas Martindale's 1901 book, Sport, Indeed, describes the method used on trout in the River Wear in County Durham: In Scotland the technique is more often called "guddling" or sometimes "ginniling". The practice is currently illegal under most circumstances in Britain. A related method of catching catfish by hand is called noodling in the United States. In history and fiction Trout tickling has an ancient history. The Greek writer Oppian writing in his Halieutica, the greatest work of antiquity on angling, refers to catching trout by hand in the following lines: Aelian, a Greek writer of about 230 A.D., writes in his De Natura Animalium (as published in England in 1565): "If men wade into the sea, when the water is low, end stroking the fish nestling in the pools, suddenly lay hands upon and secure them." While in Francis Beaumont and John Fletcher's Rule a Wife and Have a Wife, a ribald comedy dating from 1624, Estifania remarks "Here comes another trout that I must tickle, / And tickle daintily". The technique is also mentioned in several of Shakespeare's plays: in Twelfth Night, the servant Maria refers to the approach of the hated Malvolio, head of Olivia's household, with the words "for here comes the trout that must be caught with tickling" (Act 2, Scene 5). Maria and others are conspiring to trap Malvolio into acting foolishly by forging a love letter from Olivia. Trout tickling is also mentioned in later works: Mark Twain wrote about catching catfish in a similar manner while mentioning that salmon and certain other species can also be lured and caught in this way. Arthur Ransome's novel The Picts and the Martyrs contains a detailed description of the technique by a young boy from the English Lake District. It is also described as a poaching method in Roald Dahl's classic novel Danny, the Champion of the World, in Linda Buckley-Archer's science fiction novel Gideon the Cutpurse, in Robert A. Heinlein's fantasy novel Glory Road, and in the video game Theme Hospital as a hobby of many of the staff for hire. Terry Pratchett's 2003 young adult novel The Wee Free Men opens with young Tiffany Aching amusing herself by tickling trout. An interview conducted by CSV/BBC NI's Brian Morgan, Story of the Virgin Soldier, for the BBC Peoples War project, reports how one soldier, Robert McIlroy, impressed his senior commanders by 'tickling trout' out of the river in order for fellow soldiers to eat. In the book The White Mountains by John Christopher, one of the party members (Henry) attempts to tickle trout unsuccessfully in an attempt to forage food for the group. In an episode of The Waltons ("The Search", S. 4, E.15), Olivia, Jim Bob, and Elizabeth set out to visit a friend but become lost on Walton's Mountain, and while lost Jim Bob catches fish using this method which he had learned from Grandpa. In an episode of Auf Wiedersehen, Pet ("Another Country", S. 2, E.4), Oz successfully tickles trout before been caught by a gamekeeper. See also References External links How to tickle trout ‘The Art of Tickling Trout & Other Sensual Pleasures’ Video 2003 Recreational fishing Fishing techniques and methods
4015042	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubrovka	Dubrovka	Dubrovka may refer to: Dubrovka (inhabited locality), name of several inhabited localities in Russia Dubrovka (Lyublinsko-Dmitrovskaya Line), a station of Moscow Metro, Moscow, Russia Dubrovka (Moscow Central Circle), a station of Moscow Metro Dubrovka Theater, where the Moscow theater hostage crisis took place on October 23, 2002
4015044	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Definitive%20Collection%20%28Donovan%20album%29	Definitive Collection (Donovan album)	Definitive Collection is a compilation album from Scottish singer-songwriter Donovan. It was released in the Netherlands (Epic 480552 9) and Austria (Sony 480552 9) on 7 November 1995. History Three years after the appearance of Troubadour: The Definitive Collection 1964-1976, Epic Records (now a Sony subsidiary) issued another two disc compilation titled Definitive Collection in Europe. The album contained many songs that had not yet appeared on any compact disc. The live recording of "Universal Soldier" was originally released on Rising. The second disc featured songs taken from Donovan in Concert. Track listing All tracks by Donovan Leitch. Disc one "Sunshine Superman" "Season of the Witch" "Mellow Yellow" "Epistle to Dippy" "There Is a Mountain" "Wear Your Love Like Heaven" "Jennifer Juniper" "Hurdy Gurdy Man" "Laleña" "Atlantis" "To Susan on the West Coast Waiting" "Barabajagal (Love Is Hot)" "Riki Tiki Tavi" "Celia of the Seals" "Sailing Homeward" "Earth Sign Man" "Maria Magenta" "Salvation Stomp" "Colours" "Catch the Wind" "Universal Soldier" (live) Disc two "The Fat Angel" (live) "Isle of Islay" (live) "There Is a Mountain" (live) "Guinevere" (live) "Celeste" (live) "Mellow Yellow" (live) External links Definitive Collection – Donovan Unofficial Site 1995 compilation albums Donovan compilation albums Albums produced by Mickie Most Albums produced by Norbert Putnam
4015062	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario%20Carli	Mario Carli	Mario Carli (30 December 1888 – 9 September 1935) was an Italian poet, novelist, essayist and journalist. Biography Carli was born in San Severo, Apulia, to Florentine father and Apulian mother. He spent his formative years in Florence, where he met Filippo Tommaso Marinetti in the 1910s, and adhered to Futurism as a member of the so-called pattuglia azzurra ("Azure platoon"). After fighting in World War I, he engaged in favor of the Arditi, and reached Gabriele D'Annunzio during the latter's political experiment in occupied Fiume in 1919. Carli then supported the militant anti-fascist Arditi del Popolo, created in 1920. A successful journalist, Carli adhered to Benito Mussolini's Fascist movement the moment it started; he and his friend Emilio Settimelli published the intimidating newspaper L’Impero. Nonetheless, he proved to be a dissident, and joined the field of those considered "left-wing fascists". In the 1930s, Carli was Italy's consul general in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Tormented by illness, he died prematurely in Rome. Works Carli wrote extensively, producing works like the experimental novel Retroscena ("Background"; 1915), and the memoir Con d’Annunzio a Fiume ("With D’Annunzio in Fiume"; 1920). In 1923 he published La mia divinità ("My Divinity"), a text in which he gathered his poetry, small poems in prose among which stands out Notti filtrate ("Filtered Nights") - a pre-Surrealist piece of importance. The writings express Carli's conviction in life as energy, an egoistical effort at realising oneself against all odds and perils. References 1888 births 1935 deaths Futurist writers Italian Futurism Diplomats from Florence Italian essayists Male essayists Italian fascists Journalists from Florence Italian male journalists Italian memoirists Italian male poets Italian military personnel of World War I People from San Severo Italian male novelists 20th-century Italian novelists 20th-century Italian male writers 20th-century essayists 20th-century Italian journalists 20th-century memoirists Italian male non-fiction writers
4015076	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.%20Scouting%20Service%20Project	U.S. Scouting Service Project	The U.S. Scouting Service Project (USSSP) is one of the largest online collections of Scouting resource and reference materials. Founded in 1998, USSSP is organized as a non-profit corporation and is maintained by volunteer Scouters. While the Project supports the programs of the Boy Scouts of America and the World Organization of the Scout Movement, neither organization contributes financially or provides direction to the organization. Background The USSSP was the idea of Chris Marsey who brought together one of the largest repositories of Scouting Clip-Art to the world Scouting community in 1996. Soon thereafter, Dave Tracewell and Gary Hendra added their large electronic clip-art collections to the collection. The USSSP continued to grow, adding Scouters from around the country with specialized talents who contributed many hours of time and resources to the project. As of 2010, most of the board members were Boy Scouts or Girl Scouts in their youth and have obtained their programs' highest youth honors. All of the board members have served at the local Council level as unit leaders, commissioners and committee chairs and collectively have more than 400 years of service. Many of the board members have served as part of a summer camp staff for two or more summers; three have taught courses at the Philmont Training Center. Two of the board members serve local Councils as Professional Scouters; another board member served for several years as a Paraprofessional Executive. Board members are Wood Badge trained and many have been honored with the BSA's Silver Beaver Award for distinguished service to one or several local Councils. Web site sections The USSSP website as several areas of resources, being mostly a combination of file servers and sites with links to other sites. ScoutCamp.org - a database of all of the Scout Camps in the US with user comments. ScoutSite Search - a massive database of every scouting website, linked to councils with interactive sorting abilities. Clipart - a collection of scanned images, clipart and other files Macscouter - a collection of scouting resources, including ceremonies, planning guides, etc. Netcommish - a set of resources specifically designed to support commissioners. Scoutmaster.org - a collection of useful links for Scoutmasters and Scout leaders. Cubmaster.org - a complete set of resources and links for Cub Scout leaders. Jambo.org - information about the National Scout Jamboree. WorldScouting.org - Links to international scouting sites. In addition, other member sites (for instance, several branches of Mike Walton's Tree ; Mike Kauffmann's Merit Badges.org ; and Don deYoung's Cub Scouting website) are elements of this "largest community of reference and resource materials geared to the American Boy Scouting programs found on the Internet's World Wide Web." Discussion groups and lists The USSSP hosts some 11 electronic mail distribution discussion groups, ranging in topics from programming (Cub Scouting, Venturing) to program support (Philmont, Jamborees, and Commissioners). There is also a USSSP discussion group called "Embers" which offer reflection, support and inspiration to volunteers and parents. Board of directors The USSSP operates under a national board of directors. The current officers are: Gary Hendra, President Mike Bowman, Vice President - Web Development Mike Walton, Vice President - Communications Paul Wolf, Secretary Kyna Hendra, Treasurer Board Members Hal Daume Jon Eidson Ed Henderson Mike Kauffmann Dave Lyons The board conducts business virtually using various electronic methods, to include video teleconferencing, voice conference calls via Skype, and electronic mail. Notes References External links Associations related to the Boy Scouts of America
4015080	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simone%20Zaggia	Simone Zaggia	Simone Zaggia is an Italian astronomer. He was born in 1965 and did undergraduate work at the University of Padua, where he also received his Ph.D. in 1996. He has done post-doctoral work at the European Southern Observatory and the Capodimonte Observatory, he worked at Trieste Observatory and currently (2007) works at Padua Observatory. Zaggia's research interest include the dynamics of dwarf galaxies and globular clusters. See also List of Italian scientists References 1965 births 21st-century Italian astronomers People from the Province of Padua Living people
4015087	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%20Graham%20Norton	V Graham Norton	V Graham Norton is a British chat show broadcast on Channel 4 in the United Kingdom starring Graham Norton, broadcast every weeknight as a successor to the weekly So Graham Norton. It aired from 6 May 2002 to 28 December 2003. It featured celebrities who chatted with Graham and became involved in studio games which were usually laden with sexual innuendo. The studio games were later featured on the clip show Nortonland in 2007 on digital channel Challenge. The show features a 'webcam', a roving television camera which was randomly situated in a different place in the UK each week (though often in Covent Garden) and which followed Graham's instructions and allowed him to interact live with the public. The feature was made technically possible using digital microwave link technology provided by Rear Window Television with the 'spontaneous' webcam feature always produced as a full quality outside broadcast, before being made to look like a traditional webcam at the studio. The most often repeated (and voted as the show's funniest) moment involved Graham and Dustin Hoffman interacting live with a passenger (and later, the driver) of a London taxi cab driving through the city. Another notable episode was with Harvey Keitel who was upset by Graham having an action figure with a gun based on his character in Reservoir Dogs. Episode guide References External links Graham Norton 2000s British comedy television series 2000s British television talk shows 2002 British television series debuts 2003 British television series endings Channel 4 comedy Channel 4 talk shows English-language television shows Television series by ITV Studios
4015090	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturday%20Night%20Dead	Saturday Night Dead	Saturday Night Dead is a television program that hosted B horror films on KYW-TV, Channel 3, at that time the NBC affiliate in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The program aired at 1:00am directly following Saturday Night Live, from September 29, 1984 to late October 1990, comprising 141 episodes. The show was a cult favorite from the start, with Karen Scioli winning a local acting Emmy in 1985. Stella The program was hosted by Stella, dubbed "the Man-Eater From Manayunk" (a section near the Schuylkill River, a working-class neighborhood) and the "Daughter of Desire". Stella’s haunted condo was a playground for celebrities and comics including John Zacherle (aka "Roland"), Jane "Pixanne" Norman, Bill "Wee Willie" Webber, Rip Taylor, Sally Starr, Bobby Rydell, Robert Hazard, Channel 3’s anchors, reporters, weather people, and many local comics and Philadelphia icons. Stella delighted in half-clad, gorgeous young men and often had one or two hanging in her dungeon awaiting her pleasure. According to her biography, Stella was "born in North Libido, New Jersey, a small village outside of Atlantic City. She is the only child of traveling hecklers. Her parents dropped her in a plastic basket at Fifth and Shunk in front of Guido's Hair Weaving and Plumbing Supplies, but for all intents and purposes she was raised by a flock of pigeons." Reincarnated 37 times, Stella was just your typical "ghoul" next door. Stella was portrayed by Karen Scioli, a South Philadelphia-born actress, writer and homemaker who weekly donned a push-up bra, slinky black dress, feather boa, false eyelashes, and a mole on her right cheek. As clarified by Scioli in the 2006 documentary film American Scary, Stella was not a vampiress or monster, she was instead a traditional, non-supernatural vamp. In 2012, Scioli/"Stella" was inducted into the Horror Host Hall of Fame. Many Philadelphia and New York City-based actors worked on the program. Stella's butler "Skeeves" was initially portrayed by Bill Brown; when Brown departed the show, he was replaced by Bob Billbrough who then played "Hives". Glenn Davish played "Cousin Mel"; mad scientist "Dr. Schuylkill" (playing off the Schuylkill River); faceless dungeon monster "Iggy" who ate those Stella didn't like; talking "Portrait" that gave sarcastic responses about whatever Stella was wisecracking. Nerdy "Mel" was told by everyone, in tribute to a character on The Dick Van Dyke Show played by Richard Deacon, to "Shut up, Mel." [Davish had appeared in Mannequin with Andrew McCarthy, Kim Cattrall and Estelle Getty.] Other prominent regulars included Allen Fitzpatrick who appeared as Stella's love interest "Rhett Cutlet," a butcher from Manayunk who had been raised in the Old South. "Cutlet", a character devised by Fitzpatrick, was modeled on Clark Gable in Gone with the Wind. Fitzpatrick also portrayed Rhett's mother, "Veala Cutlet," and scores of other characters including a bimbo in the "LONESOME DIVA" story line (a parody of then-popular TV show Lonesome Dove). Other highly-featured regulars included Donna Ryan as whacked-out psychic "Madame Tofutti"; and Kathy Robinson in a variety of roles. (Stella's canopied bed, "Beda Lugosi", also appeared; the bed was notable for its both speaking and vibrating.) Saturday Night Dead often featured the talent from KYW's local news production, Eyewitness News, including Howard Joffe. The Duke Ellington Orchestra's recording of "The Mooche" was used as the show's theme song. Featured films Gamera: Super Monster directed by Noriaki Yuasa Night Fright directed by James A. Sullivan Shivers (a/k/a They Came From Within) directed by David Cronenberg (shown in a "Christmas in July" episode) The Tomb of Ligeia directed by Roger Corman Zombies of Sugar Hill directed by Paul Maslansky Zombie Lake directed by Jean Rollin Bluebeard Dracula vs. Frankenstein directed by Al Adamson The Legend of Boggy Creek "starring no one" as described by the Saturday Night Dead announcer during commercial bumpers References American television shows featuring puppetry Horror movie television series 1984 American television series debuts 1990 American television series endings Television in Philadelphia
4015100	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uchpa	Uchpa	Uchpa is a Quechua-singing Peruvian hard rock and blues band. Fredy Ortiz formed the band in 1994. History Uchpa came to fame singing in the Quechua language. Formed in Ayacucho in 1991, initially playing cover versions of Nirvana in Quechua, and subsequently classic 1960s and 1970s rock. The initial line-up was almost entirely made up of musicians from Ayacucho, except for Fredy Ortiz and Igor Montoya (both from Andahuaylas). They included: Tampa, Koki, Mr. Blues and Jaime Pacheco. However, the members went their separate ways. Igor went travelling and Fredy moved to Lima, to work as a policeman, taking the demos with him, and reforming the group in Lima, with the same name but different members. Following two first albums, Uchpa released a third, Qukman muskiy (A different breath, 2000), once again entirely in Quechua. This album made them much better known in the Peruvian capital. “Chachaschay”, one of the group's best known songs, is a typical Peruvian huayno from Chaccra, a locality situated between the borders of the Apurímac and Ayacucho; it is a huayno usually played with a harp and violin and sung by a woman. It is well known as a classic among the people of Andahuaylas, Apurímac and Ayacucho, and very different from the urban huaynos (Ñachu Mamayki yachanña Chachaschay/Quri anillu Qusqayta Chachaschay/ñachu mamayki yachanña chachaschay/Quri anillu Qusqayta chachaschay/Yachachun yachachun chachaschay/Quri anillu Qusqayta chachaschay - first verse). Members Fredy Ortiz Carrasco (vocals) Marcos Maizel (Lead guitar) Julio Valladares (rhythm guitar) Miguel Ángel Cruz (bass Ivo Flores (drums) Juan Ezpinoza (Waqrapuku, a Peruvian instrument from Cusco) Former members Bram Willem (bass) Igor Montoya Tampa Koki Mr. Blues Jaime Pacheco Albums Wayrapim Kaprichpam (1995) Qauka Kausay (1994) Qukman Muskiy (2000) Lo Mejor De Uchpa (2005) Concierto (2006) Singles "Perú Llaqta" "Ananao" "Añas Blues" "Pitaqmi Kanki?" "Corazón Contento" "Chachaschay" "Pachamama" "Kusi Kusun" Notes External links Videos Peruvian musical groups
4015114	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handwriting%20%28album%29	Handwriting (album)	Handwriting is the debut album by the instrumental group Rachel's. It was released in May 1995 on Quarterstick Records. Critical reception Trouser Press wrote: "Using vibes, winds and traps, 'M. Daguerre' is the closest to jazz the ensemble gets, but the song’s main theme gives way to effective, unsettling improv, as well as delicate passages led by [Rachel] Grimes’ piano and a string section." Track listing "Southbound to Marion" – 3:11 "M. Daguerre" – 11:28 "Saccharin" – 7:04 "Frida Kahlo" – 1:53 "Seratonin" – 3:34 "Full on Night" – 14:32 "Handwriting" – 1:48 Personnel Richard Barber – contra bass Nat Barrett – cello Marnie Christensen – violin Kevin Coultas – drum kit Christian Frederickson – viola Mark Greenberg – vibraphone Rachel Grimes – piano Gregory King – hand drums Michael Kurth – double bass Eve Miller – cello Jeff Mueller – orator Jason B. Noble – electric bass, guitars, tapes Barry Phipps – upright bass Jacob Pine – violin John Upchurch – clarinet, bass clarinet Bob Weston – double bass, electric bass References Rachel's albums 1995 albums Quarterstick Records albums
4015115	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoor%20skiing	Indoor skiing	Indoor skiing is done in a climate-controlled environment with artificially produced snow. This enables skiing and snowboarding to take place regardless of outdoor temperatures. Facilities for both alpine skiing and nordic skiing are available. History Since the early 20th century, there have been four major stages in the evolution of indoor snow centres. Firstly, centres that had no refrigeration and used an artificial mixture of materials to create a surface substance something like snow, the first of these opened in Austria and Germany in the 1920s. The first recorded indoor “snow” slope was created at Berlin’s Automobilhalle in April 1927 gaining worldwide attention. According to contemporary reports a wooden slope was created about 720 feet long and sixty feet wide. The "snow" substitute used was invented and later patented by a British diplomat, L. C. Ayscough, and involved a mixture of powdered mica, soda crystals and sawdust spread on a brush matting surface. The Berlin government were concerned about health risks from the mixture and commissioned the then head of its Municipal Health Bureau, Dr. Wilhelm von Drigalkski, to check it was safe for public use. He confirmed that it was and an order for 200 tons of the material to be delivered by train was placed. The slope was initially popular and a company was founded to build more slopes in Dresden, Munich, and Frankfurt. It is not known if these were ever created. A second indoor centre using "Ayscough snow", planned to be a more permanent facility, opened in Austria in November 1927. Known as Schneepalast (German: Snow Palace), it was opened in the Austrian capital Vienna in the abandoned Vienna Northwest Railway Station established by the Norwegian ski jumper Dagfinn Carlsen. The track in the ski area was built on a wooden ramp. A ski jump made it possible to jump up to . Skiers had to walk up the artificial mountain, because there was no ski lift. However, sledges could be pulled up with an electrically-operated system. The artificial snow had been made by the English experimenter James Ayscough from soda. After the initial excitement enthusiasm for "Ayscough snow" rapidly waned however as users decided it was not particularly slippery and the initial whiteness rapidly discoloured. The Vienna facility closed in May 1928. The second attempt at indoor snow centres came three decades later with the first centre that used real snow or crushed ice which was transported inside to a slope covered by a roof and open to urban skiers during cold months of the year in the city of Sayama, Japan. This centre opened in 1959 and continues to operate, although now with on-site snowmaking rather than bringing in snow by lorry. Thirdly came the first generation of refrigerated indoor centres which used either a chemical mixture to simulate snow or scraped ice. The first three of these opened in 1988, each claiming to be the first in the world. These were Mt Thebarton in Adelaide, Australia, Casablanca in Belgium, and Ski in Tsudanuma in Japan. The fourth and current stage of indoor snow centre development came when centres which used ‘real snow’, made by snow-making machines, with no chemical additives, began to appear. These are now the norm for most of the 140 centres that have been built since the first, which was The Snowdome at Tamworth in the UK which opened in May 1994. Present Day Since the first indoor snow centre was built in Berlin in 1926, 149 indoor snow centres have been, most of them since 1990. 113 are currently operational in 35 countries on 6 continents. Most offer skiing and snowboarding but some, primarily in sub-tropical areas in southeast Asia that do not normally see natural snowfall, exist as snow experience centres offering activities like sledging, snowman building and snowball fights. The number of centres being built continues to grow and 2019 saw more indoor snow centres open worldwide than any other year. Analysis of the last three decades of indoor snow centre construction saw 2010-19 had the most indoor snow centres built (60), up from 43 between 2000 and 2009 and 34 built in the 1990s. Asia (especially China) saw the most-new indoor snow centres built since 2010, as it did in the 1990s (back then most were built in Japan). Between those two decades Europe built the most facilities in the first decade of this century. The past decade saw the first indoor snow centres open in Africa (Egypt), North America (USA) and South America (Brazil). Three of the five-biggest indoor snow centres in the world, including two with 50,000sqm+ (500,000+ square feet) indoor snow space, opened in a 12 month period from March 2019 to March 2020. Many of the indoor snow centres built in recent years are in China which has 34 centres, almost five times more than the next closest country (The Netherlands, with seven). China’s SUNAC group has become the world’s largest operator of indoor snow centres, operating seven centres, including the world’s three largest. Two more are under construction, most of these opened in 2019-20. List of Alpine ski halls by country Australia Mt Thebarton Snow and Ice, Adelaide. Operated 1987 - 2005. Built in a state without any ski resorts, it was probably the world's first indoor ski slope on artificial snow. Swiss Pavilion at World Expo 88, Brisbane. Two lifts operated for six months. Included a ski slope on artificial snow serviced by a handle tow and a double chairlift operating on a rectangular route. Belgium Aspen, Antwerp Ice Mountain, Comines Snow Valley, Peer China Harbin Wanda Indoor Ski and Winter Sports Resort located in Harbin, Heilongjiang, world's largest indoor ski resort with of indoor snow. Yinqixing indoor skiing, Shanghai Sunac Snow Park, Guangzhou Sunac Snow Park, Wuxi Sunac Snow Park, Kunming Sunac Snow Park, Chengdu Sunac Snow Park, Chongqing France SnowHall, SnowHall Amnéville, France Germany alpinCenter Bottrop in the SnowFunPark in Wittenburg with a slope and a 31 percent grade. SnowDome Bispingen, Bispingen. Alpenpark Neuss, 300m slope. Indonesia Trans Snow World in Bekasi, first of a series of snow parks that are opening across Indonesia, which includes also a ski slope and ski lifts. It is possible to ski and learn skiing by Ski Club Indonesia, first Ski operator and association in Indonesia Japan Sayama ski resort, Tokorozawa Lithuania Snow Arena, Druskininkai Netherlands SnowWorld, Landgraaf with a total of of snow. In 2003, the first indoor snowboard FIS WorldCup contest was held here. SnowWorld, Zoetermeer SnowWorld, Rucphen SnowWorld, Terneuzen De Uithof, The Hague SnowWorld, Amsterdam Montana Snowcenter, Westerhoven New Zealand Snowplanet, Auckland Norway SNØ, Lørenskog with a total of . Has a alpine ski track and a cross-country skiing track suspended from the roof. One-of-a-kind combination of these winter sports. Opened January 2020. https://snooslo.no Russia Snejcom, Moscow. http://www.snej.com Spain SnowZone, in Madrid, has of snow areas, including a slope (over 25% grade), a slope, chairlifts, and other winter sports facilities. United Arab Emirates Ski Dubai, Mall of the Emirates, Dubai. Egypt Ski Egypt, Mall of Egypt, 6th of October. It has the only indoor ski slope in Africa with the main slope being long. United Kingdom Chill Factore, outside Manchester, with a main slope. Snowzone Castleford, near Leeds with a main slope. Snowzone, near Milton Keynes with a main slope. Snowdome at Tamworth, near Birmingham with a slope and two smaller beginner areas long. Snow Centre at Hemel Hempstead Snow Factor at Braehead Soar United States of America Big SNOW American Dream, American Dream Meadowlands, (Meadowlands Sports Complex), East Rutherford, New Jersey (Opened on 5 December 2019) Nordic ski tunnels (Cross-country skiing ) References External links Indoor Snow News Cross-country skiing Ski areas and resorts Artificial ski resorts
4015120	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20African%20animals%20extinct%20in%20the%20Holocene	List of African animals extinct in the Holocene	This list of African animals extinct in the Holocene features animals known to have become extinct in the last 12,000 years on the African continent and its islands, such as Madagascar, the Mascarenes, Seychelles, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, Cape Verde, Madeira, and the Canary Islands. Many extinction dates are unknown due to a lack of relevant information. Mammals Undated Prehistoric Recent Local Birds Undated Prehistoric Recent Reptiles Prehistoric Recent Amphibians Fish Crustaceans Insects Molluscs Undated Recent See also List of extinct animals List of extinct animals of New Zealand List of extinct animals of Réunion List of extinct birds Extinct in the wild Lazarus taxon Notes References External links The Extinction Website IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Africa †Holocene
4015125	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/527th%20Space%20Aggressor%20Squadron	527th Space Aggressor Squadron	The 527th Space Aggressor Squadron is a United States Space Force unit assigned to the Space Training and Readiness Delta (Provisional). The unit traces its lineage to the 312th Bombardment Squadron (Light) constituted in 1942. It presents realistic adversary threats to US and allied military forces to improve their training for space-associated operations. It is stationed at Schriever Space Force Base, Colorado. Its present form dates from its activation as part of the United States Air Force in 2000. That year it was activated as part of the Space Warfare Centre, but it was then transferred to the 57th Adversary Tactics Group in 2006. With the formation of the Space Force in 2019, the squadron was part of the second wave of transfers and reorganizations which took place in mid-2020. Mission Its mission is to train US, joint and allied military forces for combat with space-capable adversaries; preparing USAF, Joint and Allied Forces for combat through realistic threat replication, training, and feedback through specialized and certified space-capable aggressors. It operates adversary space systems, develops new tactics, techniques and procedures to counter threats, and improves the US military space posture. The squadron attempts to replicate enemy threats to space-based and space-enabled systems during tests and training exercises. By using Global Positioning System and satellite communications jamming techniques, it provides Space Force, joint and coalition military personnel with an understanding of how to recognize, mitigate, counter and defeat these threats. The 527th serves to know, teach and replicate a wide array of terrestrial and space threats to the U.S. Department of Defense's space enablers. The squadron trains the modern warfighter to operate in an environment where critical systems like GPS and SATCOM are interfered with or denied—preparing them for the current and future fights, and guaranteeing U.S. battlefield dominance well into the 21st century. History World War II Initially activated as the 312th Bombardment Squadron, a Douglas A-20 Havoc light bomber squadron in the southeast, trained under Third Air Force. Was reequipped as a Douglas A-24 Banshee fighter-bomber squadron and redesignated as the 527th Fighter-Bomber Squadron in August 1943. Was deployed to Twelfth Air Force in North Africa in May 1943, being initially stationed in Algeria. Flying operations began 15 May from Médiouna Airfield, near Casablanca, French Morocco. Moved eastward supporting the Fifth Army with close air support missions. In the North African Campaign, the squadron engaged German positions in Tunisia. In July, initial elements of the squadron moved to Sicily. From the Gela Airfield, begin flying combat missions, supporting the 1st Division of II Army Corps. On 27 August, the squadron provided air support for the first Allied landings on the European mainland at Salerno, Italy. On 10 September, three days after the invasion of Salerno, advance echelons of the squadron moved to Sele Airfield, near the beachhead. Enemy shelling of the beaches caused considerable difficulty during the move, and the 5527th did not fly its first missions until 15 September. Moved north through Italy during the Italian Campaign, supported Allied forces by attacking enemy lines of communication, troop concentrations and supply areas. In April 1944 the squadron attacked the German Gustav Line. It also attacked rail and road targets and strafed German troop and supply columns during late spring. The 527th was an active participant in Operation Strangle, the attempt to cut German supply lines prior to the Allied offensive aimed at rail and road networks, and attacking German troop and supply columns. While Strangle did not significantly cut into German supplies, it did disrupt enemy tactical mobility and was a major factor in the Allies' eventual breakthrough. During this period the 527th received Curtiss P-40 Warhawks to augment its aging A-36s, but the obsolescent P-40s were only a stopgap measure. The 527th welcomed its first Republic P-47 Thunderbolts a few weeks later, on 23 June. Moved to Corsica in July 1944. From Poretta Airfield, the squadron flew bombing missions against coastal defenses in direct support of Operation Dragoon, the Allied invasion of southern France 15 Aug. 1944. Allied forces met little resistance as they moved inland twenty miles in the first twenty-four hours. Once the invasion was completed, the squadron moved back to northern Italy and continued its coastal basing by attacking enemy road and rail networks in northern Italy and, for the first time, flying regular escort missions with heavy bombers. The 527th also conducted armed reconnaissance against the enemy in the Po Valley region. The 527th continued combat in northern Italy until February 1945, when it left the Mediterranean Theater and moved to Tantonville Airfield, France, in the Lorraine region, and operations shifted from targets in the Po Valley to those in southern Germany. The 527th's first mission to Germany – a cause of some excitement – was on 25 Feb. 1945, and by March most missions were flown into Germany against rail lines, roads, supply dumps, enemy installations and airfields. The squadron transferred from Tantonville to Braunshardt Airfield, near Darmstadt, Germany, The 527th Fighter Squadron flew its final combat mission on 8 May 1945. Just after the war, the squadron performed military occupation duty in Germany, with personnel demobilizing throughout the summer. The squadron's last personnel were sent back to the United States from AAF Station Schweinfurt, Germany, on 15 February 1946, with the squadron inactivated as an administrative unit in March. Cold War The squadron was reactivated in the postwar era 20 August 1946 at AAF Station Nordholz, Germany equipped with surplus P-47 Thunderbolts from storage depots in Europe. Over the next several years, the squadron underwent several redesignations and several station assignments in occupied Germany. In June 1948, the squadron was moved to Neubiberg Air Base, near Munich when tensions with the Soviet Union culminated in the Berlin Blockade. By 1948, it was obvious that the piston-engine Thunderbolts would be no match for Soviet jet fighters, and in early 1950 the squadron was re-equipped with Republic F-84E Thunderjets for air defense of the Munich area. With the arrival of the jet age in Europe, USAFE wanted to move its units west of the Rhine River, as its bases in the Munich area were just a few minutes flying time from Soviet MiG-15 bases in Czechoslovakia. The squadron relocated to a new base, located west of the Rhine River near Kaiserslautern, West Germany in 1952. Landstuhl Air Base opened for operations on 5 August 1952, and the 527th Fighter Bomber Squadron arrived on 21 August. In April 1953, the 527th completed its move to Landstuhl and was soon reequipped with the North American F-86F Sabre Jet, the first unit in USAFE to fly the most modern American fighter. The F-86F had been very successful as both a fighter and fighter bomber in the Korean War, and marked a quantum increase in the Wing's capabilities. A year later the squadron was redesignated the 527th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron and assumed a new mission of air defense for the central European region. For this mission, the squadron was re-equipped with the rocket-armed North American F-86D Sabre interceptor which provided an all-weather capability The 527th was inactivated on 8 Feb 1956 in a reorganization of air defense forces in West Germany by USAFE, with personnel and equipment transferring to the 461st Fighter-Day Squadron. Fighter Aggressor Squadron In April 1976, the squadron was reactivated at RAF Alconbury, England as the 527th Tactical Fighter Training and Aggressor Squadron, becoming the United States Air Forces in Europe's only aggressor squadron. The 527th began providing aggressor support to European-based combat units in September. Its mission was to train United States Air Forces Europe fighter pilots for air combat with Eastern bloc adversaries using "Dissimilar Air Combat Training" (DACT) The squadron was equipped with the Northrop F-5E Tiger II, being originally part of an order of aircraft destined for South Vietnam. The first batch of eight aircraft were air-freighted into Alconbury on 21 May 1976 on board a Lockheed C-5A Galaxy direct from the production facility at Palmdale, California. Eight more Tigers arrived on 14 June with the final batch of four following ten days later, on 24 June. These aircraft were also airfreighted on board a C-5A. The 527th was fully operational a few months later with the first DACT course commencing in October 1976 The aggressor F-5Es were painted in a variety of colourful camouflage schemes designed to mimic those in use by Warsaw Pact aircraft. Two-digit Soviet-style nose codes were applied to most aggressor aircraft. These coincided with the last two digits of the serial number. When there was duplication, three digits were used. International conventions made it necessary for military aircraft to carry their national insignia, but the star-and-bar national insignia was reduced in size and relocated to a less-conspicuous position on the rear fuselage. The 527th's Aggressor aircraft were among the first to apply the star and bar in toned-down or stencil form, now standard on USAF aircraft. The 527th Aggressors flew their aircraft in intense turns and other maneuvers as their mission involved intense combat fighter training, often involving high-G turns at supersonic speeds. The Aggressors trained both United States Air Force squadrons in Soviet fighter tactics, but deployed frequently to other NATO airfields, training pilots from Norway to Greece and Turkey, France, West Germany and the Low Countries in combat tactics. After 12 years of intense flying, in 1988 the fleet of aggressor F-5Es were getting rather worn out as a result of sustained exposure to the rigours of air combat manoeuvring. There were restrictions placed on operations in which pilots were warned not to exceed a certain G-load. Some repair kits had to be devised to overcome these problems, and the estimated cost of repair of the entire fleet was beginning to exceed a billion dollars. In addition, with the appearance of a new generation of Soviet fighters, it became apparent that F-5Es could no longer adequately mimic Warsaw Pact threats. It was decided to re-equip the squadron with General Dynamics F-16C Fighting Falcons and move the squadron to RAF Bentwaters. In return, the Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II's at Bentwaters would move to Alconbury and give the 10th Tactical Fighter Wing a new close air support mission. After the 527th was reassigned, eight of the lowest-hour F-5E's were transferred to the Navy for Top Gun/Aggressor training at Marine Corps Air Station Miramar, California in July 1988. The remainder were sent to storage at RAF Kemble for refurbishing. From there they were sold under the foreign military assistance program to Morocco and Tunisia in October 1989. One F-5E was thought to be retained at Alconbury for static display as a gate guard. In reality this is a plastic/fiberglass model with an authentic windscreen and canopy. The 527th flew its last F-5E sortie from Alconbury on 22 June 1988 and personnel and equipment was moved to RAF Bentwaters. The first two of an intended complement of eighteen F-16Cs arrived at Bentwaters on 14 June 1988. These were single examples taken from the 52d Tactical Fighter Wing at Spangdahlem Air Base, West Germany and the 86th Tactical Fighter Wing at Ramstein Air Base. The first four months at Bentwaters were dedicated to pilot conversion for the new aircraft. The 527th AS resumed their aggressor role in November 1988 when six McDonnell Douglas F-15C Eagles from the 36th Tactical Fighter Wing at Bitburg Air Base, Germany arrived at Bentwaters for the start of a three-week DACT course. The 527th's complement of aircraft had reached twelve on 16 January 1989 when one more F-16C was delivered from Spangdahlem. In 1989 with the collapse of the Warsaw Pact and a reduction of defense spending, the decision was made to terminate the entire USAF aggressor program. In November 1989 the squadron began disposing of its F-16Cs in preparation for inactivation the following year. The first two aircraft to leave were flown to Spangdahlem on 29 November 1989. The 527th had reassigned its entire fleet of 12 aircraft by mid-1990 and was inactivated on 30 September 1990. It was to be the only F-16 unit ever to be based in the United Kingdom. Space Aggressor Squadron The 527th was not activated again until 29 September 2000 when it became the 527th Space Aggressor Squadron. On 14 April 2006 the squadron moved from under Air Force Space Command to Air Combat Command. In 2006 it began reporting to the 57th Adversary Tactics Group of the 57th Wing. On 24 July 2020 the 527th Aggressor Squadron was transferred to the United States Space Force. Lineage Constituted as the 312th Bombardment Squadron (Light) on 13 January 1942 Activated on 10 February 1942 Redesignated 312th Bombardment Squadron (Dive) on 3 September 1942 Redesignated 527th Fighter-Bomber Squadron on 23 August 1943 Redesignated 527th Fighter Squadron, Single Engine on 30 May 1944 Inactivated on 31 March 1946 Activated on 20 August 1946 Redesignated: 527th Fighter-Bomber Squadron on 20 January 1950 Redesignated: 527th Fighter-Day Squadron on 8 October 1954 Inactivated on 8 February 1956 Redesignated 527th Tactical Fighter Training Aggressor Squadron on 29 September 1975 Activated on 1 April 1976 Redesignated 527th Aggressor Squadron on 15 April 1983 Inactivated on 30 September 1990 Redesignated 527th Space Aggressor Squadron on 29 September 2000 Activated on 23 October 2000 Assignments 86th Bombardment Group (later 86th Fighter-Bomber Group, 86th Fighter Group), 10 February 1942 – 31 March 1946 86th Fighter Group, 20 August 1946 United States Air Forces in Europe, 15 May 1947 Tactical Air Command, 25 June 1947 United States Air Forces in Europe, 30 December 1947 86th Fighter Group (later 86th Fighter-Bomber Group, 86th Fighter-Interceptor Group), 25 January 1948 – 8 February 1956 10th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing (later 10th Tactical Fighter Wing), 1 April 1976 81st Tactical Fighter Wing, 14 July 1988 – 30 September 1990 Space Warfare Center, 23 October 2000 57th Adversary Tactics Group, 14 April 2006 – 24 July 2020 Space Training and Readiness Delta (Provisional), 24 July 2020 onwards Stations Will Rogers Field, Oklahoma, 10 February 1942 Hunter Field, Georgia, 15 June 1942 Key Field, Mississippi, c. 7 August 1942 – 19 March 1943 Oran Es Sénia Airport, Algeria, 11 May 1943 Marnia Airfield, French Morocco, 15 May 1943 Tafaraoui Airfield, Algeria, 11 June 1943 Korba Airfield, Tunisia, 1 July 1943 Gela West Landing Ground, Sicily, Italy, 20 July 1943 Barcelona Landing Ground, Sicily, Italy, 27 August 1943 Sele Airfield, Italy, c. 16 September 1943 Serretella Airfield, Italy, c. 11 October 1943 Pomigliano Airfield, Italy, c. 20 October 1943 Marcianise Airfield, Italy, 30 April 1944 Ciampino Airport, Italy, 12 June 1944 Orbetello Airfield, Italy, c. 19 June 1944 Poretta Airfield, Corsica, France, c. 12 July 1944 Grosseto Airfield, Italy, c. 17 September 1944 Pisa Airport, Italy, c. 26 October 1944 Tatonville Airfield (Y-1), France, c. 23 February 1945 Braunshardt Airfield (Y-72), Germany, 17 April 1945 AAF Station Schweinfurt (R-25), Germany, 20 September 1945 – 15 February 1946 Bolling Field, District of Columbia, 15 February–31 March 1946 AAF Station Nordholz, Germany, 20 August 1946 AAF Station Lechfeld, Germany, c. 1 December 1946 AAF Station Bad Kissingen, Germany, 5 March–25 June 1947 Langley Field, Virginia, 25 June–30 December 1947 Neubiberg Air Base, Germany, 30 December 1947 Landstuhl Air Base, Germany, 1 August 1952 – 8 February 1956 RAF Alconbury, England, 1 April 1976 RAF Bentwaters, England, 14 July 1988 – 30 September 1990 Schriever Space Force Base, CO, 23 October 2000 – present Aircraft Douglas A-20 Havoc, 1942 Douglas A-24 Banshee, 1942 Vultee A-31 Vengeance, 1942 North American A-36 Apache, 1942–1944 Curtiss P-40 Warhawk, 1944 Republic P-47 (later F-47) Thunderbolt, 1944–1946, 1946–1947, 1948–1950 Republic F-84 Thunderjet, 1950–1953 North American F-86 Sabre, 1953–1956 Northrop F-5 Tiger II, 1976–1988 General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon, 1988–1990 List of commanders Lt Col Scott Bonzer, 22 June 2012 – 6 June 2014 Lt Col Kyle J. Pumroy, 6 June 2014 – 2 June 2016 Lt Col Anibal Rodriguez, 2 June 2016 – ??? Lt Col Jason Adams, ~2019 Lt Col Jennifer Hodges, ~2020 References Notes Explanatory notes Citations Bibliography Luce, Steve. 86th Fighter Group in WW II. Hamilton, Montana: Eagle Editions Ltd., 2007. . External links 57th Wing factsheet 527th AS 1986 Deployment, Decimommanu AB, Italy When Bears Roamed Suffolk Squadrons of the United States Space Force
4015130	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northeastern%20University%20School%20of%20Law	Northeastern University School of Law	Northeastern University School of Law (NUSL) is the law school of Northeastern University in Boston, Massachusetts. Founded as an evening program to meet the needs of its local community, Northeastern law school is nationally recognized for its cooperative legal education and public interest law programs. History Northeastern University School of Law was founded by the Boston Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) in 1898 as the first evening law program in the city. At the time, only two law schools were in the Boston area and the time-honored practice of reading law in the office of an established lawyer was losing its effectiveness. An advisory committee, consisting of James Barr Ames, dean of the Harvard Law School; Samuel Bennett, dean of the Boston University School of Law; and Massachusetts Judge James R. Dunbar, was formed to assist with the formation of the evening law program. The program was incorporated as an LL.B.-granting law school, the Evening School of Law of Boston YMCA, in 1904. Additional campuses of YMCA Law School were opened in Worcester, Massachusetts by 1917, in Springfield, Massachusetts by 1919, and Providence, Rhode Island by 1921. The Worcester and Providence branches were closed by 1942, but the Springfield branch eventually became the Western New England University School of Law. In its early days, the school "saw itself as the working man's alternative to the elite schools" and "boasted of being 'An Evening Law School with Day School Standards,'" using the case method of teaching, according to legal historian Robert Stevens. The school was renamed Northeastern University School of Law in 1922 and began admitting women that year. NUSL was accredited by the University of the State of New York in 1943 and became a member of the Association of American Law Schools in 1945. It was accredited by the American Bar Association in 1969. In April 1953, Northeastern President Carl Ell announced that the law school would close. He cited the number of other law schools that had sprung up elsewhere in the city. Meanwhile, enrollment at Northeastern law school had plummeted, from 1,328 students in 1937-38 to 196 students in that year. The school's building and library on Mt. Vernon Street in Beacon Hill was eventually sold. Alumni - who composed one-fourth of Massachusetts's Superior Court judges as well as many District Court judges - worked to reestablish the law school in 1966, based upon the university's signature cooperative, or co-op, education model. Thomas J. O'Toole, a Harvard Law graduate, was selected as the school's dean in 1967. In 1970, Gryzmish Hall on Huntington Avenue was dedicated, which would later become part the Asa S. Knowles Center for Law. Despite the school's working-class origins, rigorous new admissions policies resulted in a small student body of 125 students who nearly all came from financially well-off families and upper-echelon undergraduate colleges. Still, half of those admitted as first-year students were women. Over the ensuing decades, students worked in co-ops as varied as Native American land claims in rural Maine; assisting migrant farm laborers in east Texas; at the Moscow, Russia office of Baker & McKenzie; the United Nations High Commission for Refugees in New Delhi; and countless legal services offices. In 1968, O'Toole, explaining the school's dedication to public interest law, told a Boston Globe reporter that "law schools are still teaching lawyers as if they were all going out to be corporation lawyers on Wall Street...(but) the big demand for lawyers today is in the field of public affairs in government, and in dealing with basic human problems, and no law school today seems to be training lawyers for those jobs." Campus The NULS complex is located on Boston's Huntington Avenue and includes three adjacent buildings: Knowles Center, which houses offices and the Law Library; Cargill Hall, home to most faculty and some administrative offices as well as small seminar rooms and lecture halls; and Dockser Hall, which includes a moot courtroom, classrooms, seminar rooms, offices and lounge areas and space for the law school's clinical program. Academics NULS offers a Juris Doctor (JD) program for full-time, on-campus students as well as a FlexJD program for part-time students online and on-campus that began in the fall of 2021. The law school also offers on-campus and online Master of Laws (LLM) programs for lawyers seeking to expand their legal knowledge. In addition, the school offers programs for non-lawyers, including a Master of Science (MS) in Media Advocacy and online programs leading to graduate certificates in health law, intellectual property law, business law and human resources law, plus a data privacy fundamentals program. NULS integrates full-time employment into its traditional JD curriculum, allowing students to graduate in three years - the same amount of time as peers at other law schools. Following the first year of study, students alternate between classroom and co-op professional experience until they graduate with three, full-time employment experiences. Instead of grades, students receive written evaluations from their professors and co-op employers. Northeastern has been named as one of the top public interest law schools in the nation. Many students participate in the school's clinics and institutes, such as the Civil Rights and Restorative Justice Project. In addition, all students are required to complete a year-long social justice project during their first year. Northeastern is #1 for "Practical Training," according to The National Jurist. The Princeton Review's "The Best 172 Law Schools" ranks Northeastern #2 among all the law schools for both providing the "best environment" for minority students and for having the "most liberal" students. Costs Tuition for a full-time Northeastern student is $56,940 per year. The total cost of attendance (indicating the cost of tuition, fees and living expenses) at Northeastern law school for the 2021–2022 academic year is $82,736. Student organizations and journals Northeastern University School of Law has many student-run organizations and activities, including affinity groups and shared interest groups such as Entertainment and Sports Law Society (ESLS), Human Rights Caucus (HRC) and Phi Alpha Delta International, a co-ed fraternity. NULS is home to two scholarly legal journals. Northeastern University Law Review The Northeastern University Law Review is a law review founded in 2008 that publishes a broad array of legal scholarship primarily from law professors, judges, attorneys and law students. Staffed and edited by law students, it is published twice a year. Staff members are selected largely based on their writing abilities, tests and first-year grades. The law review also publishes content through its online publications: Extra Legal and the Online Forum. Journal of Legal Education NULS is co-editor of the Journal of Legal Education, a quarterly publication of the Association of American Law Schools. The Journal publishes articles on legal theory, legal scholarship and legal education, among other topics. It claims a readership of more than 10,000 law instructors. Research centers, institutes and clinical programs Center for Health Policy and Law Center for Law, Information and Creativity (CLIC) Center for Public Interest Advocacy and Collaboration (CPIAC) Civil Rights and Restorative Justice Project Community Business Clinic Criminal Justice Task Force Domestic Violence Institute Health in Justice Action Lab Immigrant Justice Clinic Initiative for Energy Justice IP CO-LAB NuLawLab Poverty Law and Practice Clinic Prisoners' Rights Clinic Program on Human Rights and the Global Economy Program on the Corporation, Law and Global Society Public Health Advocacy Institute Public Health Legal Clinic Notable alumni Charlotte Hunter Arley, lawyer in Reno, Nevada Petticoats Trial Janet Bond Arterton, Judge, United States District Court for the District of Connecticut Mary Bonauto, Civil Rights Project Director, Gay & Lesbian Advocates & Defenders; lead counsel in Goodridge v. Department of Public Health; MacArthur "Genius" Margot Botsford, Justice, Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court (retired) Timothy Mark Burgess, Judge, United States District Court for the District of Alaska Marie-Therese Connolly, Elder Rights Lawyer, MacArthur "Genius" William "Mo" Cowan, US Senator (retired); Vice President, Litigation and Legal Policy, General Electric Harold Donohue, (deceased) Member, US House of Representatives Martín Espada, poet, recipient of 2018 Ruth Lilly Poetry Prize Dana Fabe, Justice, Alaska Supreme Court (retired) Thomas A. Flaherty, (deceased) Member, US House of Representatives Peter Franchot, Comptroller of Maryland Kumiki Gibson, Former Chief Counsel to Vice President Al Gore Maggie Hassan, United States Senator for New Hampshire Maura Healey, Attorney General, Commonwealth of Massachusetts Courtney Hunt, Best Picture Academy Award-nominated film director/screenwriter in 2009 for Frozen River Candace S. Kovacic-Fleischer, gender equality expert, Professor emerita, Washington College of Law, American University Landya McCafferty, US District Court Judge for the District of New Hampshire Rishi Reddi, short story writer, Best American Short Stories Emily Gray Rice, Former US Attorney for New Hampshire Rashida Richardson, director of policy research at the AI Now Institute Delissa A. Ridgway, Judge, US Court of International Trade Victoria A. Roberts, Judge, United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan Rachael Rollins, District Attorney, Suffolk County Chase Strangio, ACLU Staff Attorney, LGBT & HIV Project, and transgender rights activist Urvashi Vaid, Author, Irresistible Revolution: Confronting Race, Class and the Assumptions of LGBT Politics (2012) and Virtual Equality: The Mainstreaming of Lesbian and Gay Liberation (1996); CEO, The Vaid Group Leslie Winner, North Carolina Former State Senator Leocadia Zak, President, Agnes Scott College References External links Northeastern University School of Law Northeastern University Law schools in Massachusetts Educational institutions established in 1898 1898 establishments in Massachusetts
4015141	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge-transfer%20amplifier	Charge-transfer amplifier	The charge-transfer amplifier (CTA) is an electronic amplifier circuit. Also known as transconveyance amplifiers, CTAs amplify electronic signals by dynamically conveying charge between capacitive nodes in proportion to the size of a differential input voltage. By appropriately selecting the relative node capacitances, voltage amplification occurs by the charge-voltage relationship of capacitors. CTAs are clocked, or sampling, amplifiers. They consume zero static power and can be designed to consume (theoretically) arbitrarily low dynamic power, proportional to the size of input signals being sampled. CMOS technology is most commonly used for implementation. CTAs were introduced in memory circuits in the 1970s, and more recently have been applied in multi-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). They are also used in dynamic voltage comparator circuits. See also Comparator Mixed-signal integrated circuit Charge amplifier Electronic amplifiers
4015145	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest%20DeWitt%20Burton	Ernest DeWitt Burton	Ernest DeWitt Burton (February 4, 1856 – May 26, 1925) was an American biblical scholar and president of the University of Chicago. Biography Burton was born in Granville, Ohio and graduated from Denison University in 1876. After graduating from Rochester Theological Seminary in 1882, he studied in Germany at Leipzig and Berlin, then taught at seminaries in Rochester and Newton (1882–1892). Burton was then appointed chief of the department of New Testament literature and interpretation at the University of Chicago and in 1897 was named editor of the American Journal of Theology. Burton was president of the Chicago Society of Biblical Research in 1906–1907. He served as the third president of the University of Chicago from 1923 until his death from cancer in 1925. Publications Burton notably wrote with Shailer Mathews, Constructive Studies in the Life of Christ (1901) and Principles and Ideals of the Sunday School (1903), and with J. M. P. Smith and G. B. Smith he wrote Biblical Ideas of Atonement (1909). Works - Originally published under the title Constructive Studies in the Life of Christ - contains "The published writings of Ernest De Witt Burton": pages 153-159 References External links Guide to the University of Chicago Office of the President, Harper, Judson and Burton Administrations Records 1869-1925 at the University of Chicago Special Collections Research Center 1856 births 1925 deaths Academic journal editors American biblical scholars American theologians Colgate Rochester Crozer Divinity School alumni Critics of the Christ myth theory Denison University alumni New Testament scholars People from Granville, Ohio Presidents of the University of Chicago University of Chicago faculty
4015146	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier%20Arts%20Centre	Pier Arts Centre	The Pier Arts Centre is an art gallery and museum in Stromness, Orkney, Scotland. It was established in 1979 to provide a home for an important collection of fine art donated to "be held in trust for Orkney" by the author, peace activist and philanthropist Margaret Gardiner (1904–2005). Alongside the permanent collection the Centre curates a year-round programme of changing exhibitions and events. History 18th and 19th centuries The buildings occupied by The Pier Arts Centre are firmly rooted in the history of Orkney. The house fronting the street was built in the 18th century, and during much of the 19th century was occupied by Edward Clouston, a prosperous merchant and Agent of the Hudson's Bay Company. On the pier behind the house Clouston erected stores and offices. On the first floor of his house, he had a finely panelled drawing room, furnished with books, family portraits and a pianoforte. The arrival early each summer of the Hudson's Bay Company ships en route for Canada was a social highlight in Stromness. In June 1840 Mr and Mrs Clouston entertained for a week a party of ladies travelling to join their husbands in the Hudson's Bay Company. Their daughter, Anne Rose married Augustus Edward Pelly of Montreal, a relative of John Henry Pelly, governor of the Hudson's Bay Company from 1822 to 1852, and of the Bank of England in 1841–42. In 1872 the premises came into the possession of John Aim Shearer, whose general merchant's business was to last nearly 100 years. In the late 19th century Stromness was a flourishing centre of the herring fishing. J. A. Shearer erected a shop across the street from his house, and on the pier established a cooperage. At this time most trade with the east coast of Scotland was carried on by local trading vessels and Shearer's schooners, Maggie, Janet, Mary Ann and Minnie, three of them named after his daughters, were a familiar sight discharging their cargoes at the end of the pier. 20th century to the present The herring boom passed and by 1918 all Shearer's schooners were gone – three of them lost at sea; the pier became a quiet backwater. It remained thus until the Second World War, when the upper part of the pier store was requisitioned by the Royal Engineers as a base for planning the many army camps and installations required in the area. Later the upper floor was used as a dwelling. Between 1965 and 1971 the property was split between three owners. The main dwelling and part of the pier building became a private lodging house and hostel. In 1977 The Pier Arts Centre Trust purchased the original dwelling and the pier store. Margaret Gardiner had first visited Orkney in the 1950s and converted the old quayside building to house her collection of modern paintings and sculpture. Born into a well-to-do family Gardiner studied at Cambridge University before a brief spell as a teacher. She was an early activist against the fascist movement in the 1930s and in the 1960s organised an international press campaign of public figures against the Vietnam War. The author of several books including a biography of Barbara Hepworth she was also associated with some of the major figures in 20th century literature including Louis MacNeice and W. H. Auden. Although never happy to be called a collector – "I hate being called a collector, for I never set out to collect" – Gardiner gathered together, through friendship and astute patronage, a very personal and important collection of art that closely charts the development of British Modernism. Gardiner's interest in art was deeply influenced by her long friendship with the Hepworth and through this friendship she came into contact with many of the principal figures in 20th century British art, including Hepworth's second husband, Ben Nicholson. Throughout the 1930s and 40s Gardiner was a key supporter of the small group of artists who sought sanctuary in St Ives and she was also an early champion of the Cornish painter and seaman Alfred Wallis. Following the Second World War she encountered and encouraged a new generation of artists, including Peter Lanyon, Patrick Heron, Terry Frost, Margaret Mellis, John Wells and Roger Hilton, that had been drawn to St Ives by its growing reputation as a centre of innovation. The Collection has grown steadily since 1979 and now contains over 180 works, grouped around the central genre of Modernism, spanning the period from 1929 to the present day. Most recently work by international contemporary artists, including Sean Scully, Eva Rothschild, Martin Boyce, Camilla Løw and Olafur Eliasson, has been acquired. Architecture The Pier Arts Centre re-emerged in July 2007 following a two-year period of construction. The original listed buildings and pier, that had housed the office and stores of the Hudson's Bay Company, have been extended by Reiach & Hall Architects who have created a new building at the harbour's edge. Artists in the collection Roger Ackling Robert Adams Kenneth Armitage Adam Barker-Mill Wilhelmina Barns-Graham Julius Bissier Sandra Blow Martin Boyce Michael Broido Stanley Cursiter Alan Davie Robyn Denny Katy Dove Olafur Eliasson Ian Hamilton Finlay Lesley Foxcroft Mark Francis Terry Frost Naum Gabo William Gear Robin Gillanders Douglas Gordon Barbara Hepworth Patrick Heron Roger Hilton Callum Innes Alan Johnston Anish Kapoor Peter Lanyon Bet Low Camilla Low Steven MacIver F E McWilliam Margaret Mellis Garry Fabian Miller Mary Newcomb Ben Nicholson Simon Nicholson Eduardo Paolozzi Serge Poliakoff Alan Reynolds Ragna Robertsdottir Eva Rothschild Ian Scott William Scott Sean Scully Ross Sinclair Margaret Tait Italo Valenti Keith Vaughan Alfred Wallis John Wells Sylvia Wishart References External links The Pier Arts Centre Website Art museums and galleries in Scotland Arts centres in Scotland Museums in Orkney Art museums established in 1979 1979 establishments in Scotland Stromness Arts organisations based in Scotland Contemporary art galleries in Scotland
4015155	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.%20Lee%20Moffitt%20Cancer%20Center%20%26%20Research%20Institute	H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute	Houston Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute is a nonprofit cancer treatment and research center located in Tampa, Florida. Established in 1981 by the Florida Legislature, the hospital opened in October 1986 on the University of South Florida's campus. Moffitt is one of two National Cancer Institute-designated Comprehensive Cancer Centers based in Florida. In 2021, U.S. News & World Report ranked Moffitt Cancer Center as a top 30 cancer hospital in the United States. History Funding for construction of the initial $70 million facility came primarily from the state of Florida's cigarette tax, while the momentum to create the center came from a cadre of legislators, physicians, educators, and business leaders who envisioned a new dimension of cancer care and research in Florida. In late 1978, H. Lee Moffitt, a Florida state representative, recognized the need for a comprehensive cancer center within the state after several friends died from cancer. An excellent negotiator, Moffitt put his plan into motion by first proposing the idea to Hollis Boren, then dean of the University of South Florida College of Medicine. Over lunch at the Tampa Club, Moffitt proposed his idea. By dessert, Boren has signed on. "Out of that discussion came plans for a plug-shaped, multilevel cancer research teaching hospital to be built a short walk away from the USF clinics," The Tampa Times reported on February 5, 1979. Moffitt and Boren had gathered information about the need for a comprehensive cancer center, the article said, and the need was great. Moffitt sought community support and convinced the State Legislature to fund the facility. During the center's planning phase, consultants associated with NCI-designated Cancer Centers were retained to ensure that the finished facility would be as technologically advanced and as efficiently designed as possible. Groundbreaking ceremonies took place in January 1983. The center was incorporated in the spring of 1984 and was named for Houston Lee Moffitt, then Speaker of the State House of Representatives. The building was dedicated in October 1986 and admitted its first patients that same month. In 1990, the acquisition of the Research Center building across from the Cancer Center enhanced the recruitment of scientists, clinicians, and support staff, and expanded Moffitt's vision beyond the original structure. The Moffitt Research Center became the focal point for basic and translational cancer research with the overriding goal to produce discoveries that could be translated quickly from the bench to the patient's bedside. The Florida Legislature allocated $12 million for renovation and equipment for this structure, and the Moffitt Research Center became fully operational in 1995. In 1999, of basic research lab space was added to the Moffitt Research Center at a cost of $11 million to house the growing need for additional scientists. In 2022 the Florida Legislature approved more than $706 million for a new H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute campus in Pasco County. $600 million in state funding will be distributed in yearly in $20 million yearly increments for each of the next 30 years. Organization On June 10, 1998, in a ceremonial signing at Moffitt, Florida governor Lawton Chiles approved a legislative initiative to fund construction of the Moffitt Tower Project, which opened in April 2003, adding more than of new space. This expansion includes the Vincent A. Stabile Research Building, eponymously named in recognition of the largest private donation ever made to the Cancer Center. The new construction also includes an expansion of the Moffitt Clinic. In addition to new research laboratories, which nearly double the cancer center's research capabilities, the new facilities include a digital imaging center, and a new infusion center. In 1991, John Ruckdeschel, assumed the position of center director, president and CEO. Under Ruckdeschel's leadership, Moffitt became a National Cancer Institute (NCI) Comprehensive Cancer Center. In 2017, the NCI renewed Moffitt's Cancer Center Support Grant for another five years. Currently Moffitt receives more than $50 million annually in peer-reviewed grant monies. In 2002, Ruckdeschel stepped down, and William Dalton, became Moffitt's third president, CEO and center director. In 2008, the University of Florida and Shands at UF formed a partnership with Moffitt to develop programs in cancer care, research and prevention. In 2009, the University of South Florida and Moffitt were awarded $6 million in federal grant money to create the Center for Equal Health, a five-year partnership focused on addressing issues of cancer health disparities. Scientific programs include molecular oncology;, drug discovery; immunology; experimental therapeutics; computational biology of cancer; health outcomes; and behavior and risk assessment, detection and intervention. It also serves as the site for the Bill and Beverly Young National Functional Genomics Center, funded by the U.S. Department of Defense. Moffitt Cancer Center is affiliated with the University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine and provides education to medical students and residency training as well. On June 24, 2011, Moffitt Cancer Center opened the first blood and marrow transplant (BMT) clinic in Puerto Rico. On July 1, 2011, Moffitt Cancer Center opened a new 50,000-square-foot satellite facility at International Plaza. The building replaced Moffitt's former outpatient center at Tampa General Hospital. In July 2012, William Dalton, became the CEO of M2Gen and Moffitt's new Personalized Medicine Institute. Alan List, who previously served as Moffitt's executive vice president/physician-in-chief and president of the Moffitt Medical Group, succeeded Dalton as CEO and president. Thomas Sellers assumed the role of center director. In February 2013, Moffitt began construction of a $74.2 million outpatient facility on the cancer center's 30-acre property on N McKinley Drive, about a mile from Moffitt's main campus. In November 2015, Moffitt opens the McKinley Outpatient Center. The six-story, 207,000-square-foot facility at 10920 N McKinley Drive is located about a mile from the main campus. Services on the site include the skin and breast cancer clinics, four operating rooms, an imaging suite, research labs, space for blood draws and a Publix pharmacy. In July 2017, Moffitt and Memorial Healthcare announce a partnership to establish a comprehensive blood and marrow transplant cellular therapy program for South Florida residents. The alliance brings the renowned cancer center's access to research, clinical trials, and comprehensive treatment to leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma patients. Research and Treatment Through clinical trials, Jeffrey Weber, director of the Donald A. Adam Comprehensive Melanoma Research Center at Moffitt, and researchers at Moffitt Cancer Center discovered two monotherapy drugs – Mekinist (trametinib) and Tafinlar (dabrafenib) – can be safely combined to overcome or delay treatment resistance for a large percentage of melanoma patients with a specific gene mutation. Approved by the FDA in January 2014, Mekinist in combination with Tafinlar is one of the biggest advancements in melanoma treatment in the past 30 years. In August 2011, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the drug vemurafenib (Zelboraf) for metastatic melanoma patients who test positive for a specific gene mutation. Moffitt Cancer Center conducted a registration trial using the drug manufactured by Genentech, a member of the Roche Group. Anna Giuliano, director of Moffitt's Center for Infection Research in Cancer, led two studies on human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in men. Her work strengthened the Food & Drug Administration (FDA) recommendation for boys and men to receive HPV vaccinations and provided useful data for the development of realistic cost-effectiveness models for male HPV vaccination internationally. In September 2014, a new cancer immunotherapy for melanoma patients called Keytruda became the first anti-PD-1 (programmed death receptor-1) therapy approved in the United States. Jeffrey Weber, director of the Donald A. Adam Comprehensive Melanoma Research Center of Excellence at Moffitt, was one of the lead investigators of the clinical trial which led to the drug receiving breakthrough status from the FDA. In January 2016, researchers at Moffitt teamed up with the state of Florida in a study to see if making fruits and vegetables available to children who otherwise may not have them readily available can decrease their risk of cancer. In October 2017, the Food and Drug Administration announced the approval of Yescarta™, a revolutionary new immunotherapy for adult patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma, a form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Yescarta is a Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, also known as CAR-T. Moffitt Cancer Center's Frederick Locke, is the co-lead investigator of the pivotal ZUMA-1 clinical trial that tested the new therapy, which is manufactured by Kite, a Gilead company. Notable patients Keylla Hernandez (1973-2018), Puerto Rican television reporter Locations Moffit Cancer Center is located on the campus of the University of South Florida in north Tampa. The center includes the hospital, Muriel Rothman Building (clinic), Vincent A. Stabile Research Building and the Moffitt Research Center. Moffitt at International Plaza is a 50,000-square-foot full service outpatient facility near Tampa International Airport. The facility includes physician office visits, infusion services, radiation and radiology. Moffitt Cancer Center Prevention Research, Fowler Campus, located in north Tampa, is a facility that practices research for prevention and early detection of cancer. The Richard M. Schulze Family Foundation Outpatient Center at McKinley Campus, 10920 N. McKinley Drive, includes the breast and skin cancer clinics, infusion center, research labs and four surgery suites. Moffitt Malignant Hematology & Cellular Therapy at Memorial Healthcare System, 801 N. Flamingo Road, Pembroke Pines, FL, provides a comprehensive Blood and Marrow Transplant Cellular Therapy Program for South Florida residents. Recognition From 1999 to 2019, Moffitt has been ranked one of "America's Best Hospitals" for cancer by U.S. News & World Report. In 2014, Becker's Hospital Review includes Moffitt in the 100 Accountable Care Organizations to Know. In 2015, Moffitt earned a Magnet designation for nursing excellence, granted by the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), the credentialing body of the American Nurses Association. In 2015, Becker's Hospital Review recognizes Moffitt's president and CEO Dr. Alan List in its "100 Physician Leaders of Hospitals and Health Systems." Moffitt Cancer Center was named 2017 Nonprofit of the Year by the Tampa Bay Business Journal. Moffitt was also recognized as the category winner in the Health & Human Services category. In 2018, Moffitt was named LGBTQ Healthcare Equality Leader by the Human Rights Campaign Foundation. The cancer center was also named one of Working Mother Magazine's 100 Best Companies for 10th time. See also University of South Florida University of South Florida College of Medicine References External links Moffitt Cancer Center, Corporate Site Hospital buildings completed in 1986 Hospitals in Florida Cancer organizations based in the United States University of Florida University of South Florida Medical research institutes in Florida Cancer hospitals 1986 establishments in Florida NCI-designated cancer centers
4015159	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian%20Thew	Julian Thew	Julian "Yoyo" Thew is an English professional poker player based in Nottingham, Nottinghamshire. Thew received his nickname when fellow players told him that his chipstack goes up and down like a yo-yo. Thew has made ten finishes in the money on the European Poker Tour (EPT) to date, including two final tables during its first season, and winning the Baden bei Wien event in season four which paid him € 670,800. He has also won three £1,000 GUKPT titles, the 2008 $5000 Venetian Deepstack Main Event & the 2011 £1000 Monte Carlo event at Dusk Till Dawn, Nottingham. On Sunday 16 October 2011 he won his third GUKPT title at the G Casino in Coventry, winning £42,740 and becoming the first player to win three GUKPT titles. Fittingly, it was also his birthday. As of 2011, his total live tournament winnings exceed $2,600,000. He is sponsored by Sky Poker. External links Official blog PokerNews interview BlondePoker interview Poker425 interview PokerVerdict interview Julian Thew sponsorship announcement Hendon Mob tournament results English poker players Living people Year of birth missing (living people) European Poker Tour winners
4015164	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franconia%20College	Franconia College	Franconia College was a small experimental liberal arts college in Franconia, New Hampshire, United States. It opened in 1963 in Dow Academy and the site of the Forest Hills Hotel on Agassiz Road, and closed in 1978, after years of declining enrollment and increasing financial difficulties. A small, eclectic faculty provided a diverse education. Areas of studies included the fine arts, architecture, performing arts, languages, law, and business. History Franconia College opened in the former Dow Academy buildings as a two-year college in 1963 with nine founding staff members; the school began granting four-year degrees in 1965. The school was accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges. 1960s The school first gained national attention in 1968 when William Loeb, publisher of the Manchester Union Leader, vilified the students for behavior that included unmarried persons of the opposite sex sleeping together. The headline "Bare Debauchery at Franconia College: Sex, Liquor, Drugs Rampant on Campus" made the front page of the newspaper the same day a larger, main headline announced the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. While the article was believed to be exaggerated, nine students were arrested in a marijuana raid that spring, and a cascade of changes happened at the school. College president Richard Ruopp resigned at the demand of the board of trustees in April, then the board let two teachers' contracts lapse against a faculty committee recommendation to rehire them. The teachers and staff responded in July with mass resignations, leaving the college with half the number of staff it had at the beginning of the 1967–68 year. At the time, the school was running $100,000 per year in debt and the school's mortgage was threatened with foreclosure. In an attempt to ease its financial straits, the school made its grounds available as a weekend ski lodge the following winter. 1970s Franconia College again gained national attention in 1970, when 23-year-old Leon Botstein became the youngest college president in the country. After securing $800,000 in federal grants, Botstein oversaw new construction including three small dormitories and a student union. In 1976, the college appeared on a segment of ABC Evening News with president Ira Goldenberg, economics professor George Wheeler and two students discussing the experiences and responsibility learned at Franconia. Honorary degrees were conferred on Muhammad Ali and Kenneth Clark in 1977. Franconia College closed due to bankruptcy in January 1978. According to former dean of students and director of housing and counseling services Rich Colfer, every student who contacted counseling services during the closure was placed at another college. After Franconia College closed, the School of Human Services program moved to New Hampshire College (now Southern New Hampshire University). The program currently resides at Springfield College. Campus Situated north of the White Mountain National Forest, the college provided easy access for students to the outdoor sporting activities for which the North Country is most famous. Several students lived in their own tents and tepees in the nearby woods. The college initially used the former Dow Academy buildings. The trustees of Franconia College purchased the former Forest Hills Hotel property in 1960. The hotel had been in operation since its construction in 1882 and had been donated to the University of New Hampshire in 1956. Other buildings in town were used as classrooms and dorms. In June 1978, the campus was offered for sale at auction but failed to sell at that time. The main hotel building was torn down in 1985, and the former college president's house, known as "The Lodge" when built in 1892, opened as a bed and breakfast called The Inn At Forest Hills in 1993. The forested areas of the hotel property were subdivided into building lots. In the village, the Dow Academy buildings turned into condominiums and Dow Field into a town recreational area. In November 2019, the state's Division of Historical Resources installed New Hampshire Historical Marker No. 263 along NH Route 142 in Franconia at the site of the college. Students Enrollment 1963: 75 1965: 200 1968: 325 1970: 250 1972: 400 1978: 185 Faculty The nine founding staff members included Richard S. Roupp, later president of the college, Robert Greenway, Peter Elbow, and Nicholas Howe. Notable faculty included Eliot Coleman, who taught Spanish, and Nancy L. Walker, a widely published and award-winning creative nonfictionist. After the closure of Franconia, Walker became Professor of English and Director of Composition at Missouri State University in Springfield. The influential poet Robert Grenier taught at the college in the early 1970s. Other notable faculty included Mike Wallace, Peter Linebaugh, and Jerome Corsi in history, David Kettler in political science, and Michael Dorris in anthropology. Extracurricular activities The physics department sponsored a student UFO Study Group. In 1975, three student members contacted and interviewed Betty Hill. Curriculum Part of Franconia College's oeuvre (body of work) was alternative education classes that were the object of study in developing new ways to teach that gave more individualized instruction and more varied opportunities. There were no required courses, no formal academic departments, and no grades. Degrees were granted after students demonstrated competence in their fields to a faculty committee. In 1975, a group of students from the University of Pittsburgh Alternative Curriculum program toured several New England schools that were offering new and progressive programs, including Franconia College. Several students were invited to come back for a special summer session that included classes for "Sugar Maple Woodlot Management" and "Auto Mechanics". Teachers with local professional experience offered hands-on education and experience with tools of the trade and actual work experience, such as the basics of auto tune-ups, as well as learning how to evaluate a woodlot for the healthiest growth of the trees. Students learned how to safely work on cars and use a chain saw to thin the sugar maple woodlots, as well as learning how to tap a tree and how to protect oneself from the notorious black flies. One of the students reports that she was able to use the skills and experience learned in the auto mechanics class to hire on as a Journeyman marine machinist repairing diesel engines onboard Navy ships in Alameda, California. In 1975, that same year, the college was denied a US$560,000 federal grant to support an experimental cooperative project with a local school district that met with opposition by both Governor Meldrim Thomson, Jr. and the Manchester Union Leader. Notable alumni Ron Androla, poet Mark Beyer, artist Henry Corra, filmmaker Tim Costello (1945–2009), labor and anti-globalization advocate and author Lenny Feinberg, documentary film maker Jamaica Kincaid, novelist Aurora Levins Morales, writer, historian and activist Andy Statman, musician Steven "Steinski" Stein, musician Marc Steiner, radio talk show host and founder, Center for Emerging Media Bill Talen, actor and activist AKA Reverend Billy Jeff Zinn, actor, director, author References External links Franconia College Pages WBUR: Franconia College: Attempt At Utopia, Or Unwelcome Counterculture Outpost? Educational institutions disestablished in 1978 Defunct private universities and colleges in New Hampshire Educational institutions established in 1963 Buildings and structures in Grafton County, New Hampshire 1963 establishments in New Hampshire Franconia, New Hampshire
4015167	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricky%20Gardiner	Ricky Gardiner	Ricky Gardiner (31 August 1948 – 13 May 2022) was a Scottish guitarist and composer. Biography Gardiner joined his first band, the Vostoks, at school in 1962. Next there were the Kingbees and the System, with whom he formed Beggars Opera in 1969. He played in his own outfit with this band, Beggars Opera, and also with friends David Bowie and Iggy Pop. For Bowie he played lead guitar on the 1977 album Low. For Pop he worked on his album Lust for Life the same year: the issue included "The Passenger", regarded as one of Pop's best songs, for which Gardiner composed the music. Bowie biographer David Buckley described it as being "possessed with one of the greatest riffs of all time". On 19 October 1977, Gardiner was selected by Tony Visconti to play guitar for the pre-recorded backing of Bowie's performance on "Heroes" on the BBC's Top of the Pops. The recording was made at Good Earth Studios in Soho, London with Bowie, Visconti, and pianist Sean Mayes. Gardiner emulated Robert Fripp's guitar sound by using feedback as he had not realised an EBow had been used: "I was asked to reproduce Robert Fripp's line", he told Stephen Dalton in 2001, "I did not realise at the time that he [Fripp] had used an EBow. I did my best using feedback alone. As we went through the song, my amplifier started dying. As the song finished, so did the amp.". From the 1970s, Gardiner played and composed in a variety of music styles, including ambient, classical, and rock. In 2017, photographs Gardiner took at the Château d'Hérouville, during the making of David Bowie's Low album in 1977, were included in a hardcover book that accompanied the vinyl and CD box set of A New Career in a New Town (1977–1982), alongside photographs by Anton Corbijn, Helmut Newton, Andrew Kent, Steve Shapiro, Duffy, and others. Gardiner said that he suffered from electromagnetic hypersensitivity, which he believed he contracted through exposure to high levels of computer radiation and magnetic fields. Gardiner died on 13 May 2022, aged 73, after a long battle with Parkinson's disease. References External links An interview with Gardiner Personal website 1948 births 2022 deaths 20th-century Scottish male musicians 21st-century Scottish male musicians Scottish male guitarists Progressive rock musicians People educated at Craigmount School Musicians from Edinburgh
4015178	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary%20of%20Mercy	Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy	The Royal, Celestial and Military Order of Our Lady of Mercy and the Redemption of the Captives (, abbreviated O. de M.), also known as the Mercedarians, is a Catholic mendicant order established in 1218 by Peter Nolasco in the city of Barcelona, at that time in the Crown of Aragon, for the redemption of Christian captives. Its members are most commonly known as Mercedarian friars or nuns. One of the distinguishing marks of the Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy is that, since its foundation, its members are required to take a fourth vow: to die, if necessary, for another who is in danger of losing their faith. The Order exists today in 17 countries. General background Between the eighth and the fifteenth centuries, medieval Europe was in a state of intermittent warfare between the Christian kingdoms of southern Europe and the Muslim polities of North Africa, Southern France, Sicily and Moorish portions of Spain. According to James W. Brodman, the threat of capture, whether by pirates or coastal raiders, or during one of the region's intermittent wars, was a continuous threat to residents of Catalonia, Languedoc and the other coastal provinces of medieval Christian Europe. Raids by militias, bands and armies from both sides were an almost annual occurrence. For over 600 years, these constant armed confrontations produced numerous war prisoners on both sides. Islam's captives were reduced to the state of slaves since they were considered war booty. In the lands of Visigothic Spain, both Christian and Muslim societies had become accustomed to the buying and selling of captives, so much so that tenth-century Andalusian merchants formed caravans to purchase slaves in Eastern Europe. In the thirteenth century, in addition to spices, slaves constituted one of the goods of the flourishing trade between Christian and Muslim ports. Starting before the First Crusade, many hospices and hospitals were organized by the chapters of cathedrals or by the monastic orders. Within the communal organizations of towns, local charitable institutions such as almshouses were established by confraternities or guilds, or by successful individual laymen concerned with the welfare of their souls. Broader-based and aristocratically-funded charitable institutions were more prominent, and the episodes of aristocratic and even royal ransom and its conditions, were the subject of chronicle and romance. The knights of the original Order of St John—the Knights Hospitaller—and the Templars in their origins are well known, and the impact of their organized charity upon the religious values of the High Middle Ages. Peter Nolasco Sources for the origins of the Mercedarians are scant and almost nothing is known of the founder, Peter Nolasco. A narrative developed between the 15th and early 17th centuries that culminated in Nolasco's canonization as a saint in 1628. All the biographers agree that, at some point in his youth, Nolasco became concerned with the plight of Christians captured in Moorish raids and that he decided to establish a religious order to succor these unfortunates. Nolasco began ransoming Christian captives in 1203. After fifteen years of work, he and his friends saw that the number of captives was growing day by day. His plan was to establish a well-structured and stable redemptive religious order under the patronage of Blessed Mary. Foundation of the Order The Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy (or the Order of Merced, O.Merc., Mercedarians, the Order of Captives, or the Order of Our Lady of Ransom) was one of many dozens of associations that sprang up in Europe during the 12th and 13th centuries as institutions of charitable works. The work of the Mercedarians was in ransoming impoverished captive Christians (slaves) held in Muslim hands, especially along the frontier that the Crown of Aragon shared with al-Andalus (Muslim Spain). The Order of Mercy, an early 13th century popular movement of personal piety organized at first by Nolasco, was concerned with ransoming the ordinary men who had not the means to negotiate their own ransom, the "poor of Christ." Hagiographical origins From the year 1192 certain noblemen of Barcelona had formed a confraternity for the purpose of caring for the sick in hospitals, and also for rescuing Christian captives from the Moors. Tradition has it that around 1218, Nolasco and King James I of Aragon experienced separately a vision of the Virgin Mary, who asked them to found a religious order dedicated to rescuing the many Christian captives held by the Muslims. Nolasco's confessor, Raymond of Penyafort, a Dominican friar and former canon of Barcelona, encouraged and assisted him in this project; and King James also extended his protection. On August 10, 1218, the new religious order for the Redemption of Captives was officially constituted at the main altar erected over Eulalia of Barcelona's tomb in the Cathedral of the Holy Cross (also known as the Cathedral of Santa Eulalia) in Barcelona. Bishop Berenguer de Palou gave Nolasco and his companions the white religious habit that they would wear as characteristic of the Order; he put them under the Rule of Saint Augustine as a norm for their life in common and he gave his authorization for the sign of his cathedral, the Holy Cross, to be on the habit of the Order. After that, Nolasco and the first Mercedarians made their religious profession there before the bishop. Their headquarters was the Monastery of St. Eulalia of Barcelona, which served as the first Mercedarian convent and as a house of welcome for redeemed captives. Documentary records Reconstructing the Order's beginnings from the documentary record produces a far less detailed story. In this, the year 1218 plays no role. The founder first appears ca. 1226 as a collector of alms in Perpignan. By 1230 he was collecting alms for captives in Barcelona as the head of a small lay confraternity. On August 12, 1230, Maimó Gombal, a resident of Barcelona and a man of some property, directed in his will that 100 Papal States scudi be handed over to Nolasco for the ransoming of captives. The bequest was not unusual, either in amount or intent, for Catalans of this era frequently included this pious good work in their testaments. What sets this particular bequest apart is that it contains the first notice of the redeeming work of Nolasco. Nothing is known about him before his appearance in Maimó's will and only very little afterwards. During the next six years, the confraternity slowly evolves into a religious order, as members obtain properties in Catalonia. While Nolasco, by all accounts, first established his movement at Barcelona and then on Mallorca, its first acquisitions of note were in the Kingdom of Valencia. Here special circumstances associated with the frontier —an abundance of new land awaiting Christian settlement and an arena for the practice of charitable ransoming— created an ideal environment for the new Order. Consequently, the preponderance of what Mercedarians came to possess here were lands donated by the king, successful crusaders and other patrons. In 1236, Pope Gregory IX granted the Mercedarians formal recognition as a religious order under the old Rule of St. Augustine. The small order gained additional members, property and support in the 1250s and 1260s. While evidence is scant, one has to assume that this support came in recognition of the Order's work in ransoming captives in a war zone that remained quite active. The growing pains, however, also caused institutional turmoil, whose outlines can only be glimpsed. The visible result was a reorganization in 1272 by a new master, Pere d'Amer. James I, whose descendants claimed him to be the Mercedarian founder, had in fact no documented contact with the Order until the late 1230s and early 1240s, at which time he granted formerly Muslim lands in Valencia, especially the Shrine of Santa Maria del Puig, patron saint of the kingdom. It was not until the 1250s that royal patronage becomes evident, when the king granted the Order his guidaticum (a form of diplomatic protection), economic privileges that promoted gifts to the Order, and, at least temporarily, the important shrine of St. Vincent in the City of Valencia. Claims by King James II and Peter IV of a royal foundation of the Order reflected not real history but their own designs upon the Order's financial resources and personnel. Constitutions of the Mercedarian Order In the preface of the first Constitutions of the Mercedarian Order of 1272, three key elements referring to the foundation stand out: the name, the founder and the purpose of the Order. The name with which the Order founded by Nolasco is identified, is mentioned first. Prior to the 1272 Constitutions, the Order had several names among which: Order of Saint Eulalia, Order of the Mercy of Captives, Order of the Redemption of Captives, Order of Mercy. Those of 1272 established a dual patronage: The Order of the Virgin Mary of the Ransom of Captives of St. Eulalia of Barcelona. But the proper and definitive title is: Order of the Virgin Mary of Mercy of the Redemption of Captives. This name, however, does not come into general use until the 1290s and is not codified until the Albertine Constitutions of 1327. The 1272 Constitutions, further, establish Nolasco as the Order's founder:he has been constituted "servant, messenger, founder and promoter" of the new Institute. Peter Nolasco is the real founder of the Order or the "Procurator of the alms of captives" as defined on March 28, 1219, by the first document referring to him. Finally, it is clearly specified that the purpose of the Order is "to visit and to free Christians who are in captivity and in power of the Saracens or of other enemies of our Law… By this work of mercy… all the brothers of this Order, as sons of true obedience, must always be gladly disposed to give up their lives, if it is necessary, as Jesus Christ gave up his for us." Reform In the 15th century, a movement grew up among the monasteries of the Order seeking a stricter lifestyle, keeping more exactly the Rule of St. Augustine under which the friars live. This spread and gained approval by the Master General of the Order. As a result of the Counter-Reformation, spurred by the Council of Trent (1545-1563), this goal was revived and further developed by Friar John Baptist of the Blessed Sacrament (). A small community of friars were allowed to open their own monastery under the leadership of Friar John Baptist in 1603. Adopting a simpler form of life and of their religious habit and wearing only sandals, they became known as the Mercedarian Recollects, later as Discalced Mercedarians. They were approved as a semi-autonomous branch of Order by Pope Gregory XV in 1621. They eventually separated and became a fully independent Order. The fourth vow Some orders and congregations add particular vows, besides the three vows of religion. These additional vows are part of the nature of the profession of each order and are permitted by the church. They can be solemn or simple, perpetual or temporary. The Fourth Vow of the Order of Mercy is a Solemn Vow. In accordance with the general principle of a vow, it is an act of the will and an authentic promise, in which the reason for the vow is perfection. It also presupposes a sincere will of obligation in conscience and by virtue of the community. Fourth vow in the various constitutions In the First Constitutions of the Order, the American Constitutions (1272): "... all the brothers of the Order must always be gladly disposed to give up their lives, if it is necessary, as Jesus Christ gave up His for us..." The Albertine Constitutions (1327): "Chapter 28: Surrender of one’s life as hostage in Saracen Territory." The Zumelian Constitutions (1588): "I will be obedient to you and your successors up to death; and I will remain in person in the power of the Saracens if it be necessary for the Redemption of Christ’s Faithful." The Madrilene Constitutions (1692) and the Roman Constitutions (1895): "Therefore, we must understand in the first place, that all our religious are committed to the Redemption of Captives in such a way that they must not only always be disposed to carry it out in fact if the Order sends them, but also to collect alms, or if the prelates do select them, to do whatever else may be necessary for the act of redemption to be carried out." Also in the Madrilene Constitutions: "We declare that this vow is essential because it inseparably constitutes our Order in its nature and substance by virtue of the early institution… and our predecessors have always professed and fulfilled it." The Constitutions and Norms (1970): "The Mercedarian, urged by Charity, dedicated himself to God by a particular vow in virtue of which he promises to give his own life, if it will be necessary, as Christ did for us, to free from the new forms of slavery the Christians who are in danger of losing their Faith." The Aquarian Constitutions (1986): "In order to fulfill this mission we, impelled by love, consecrate ourselves to God with a special vow, by virtue of which we promise to give up our lives, as Christ gave his life for us, should it be necessary, in order to save those Christians who find themselves in extreme danger of losing their faith by new forms of captivity." Our Lady of Ransom Eventually a feast day was instituted and observed on September 24, first in the religious order, then in Spain and France, and on February 22, 1696 Pope Innocent XII extended it to the entire church. The Mercedarians keep this day as a first class feast, with a vigil, privileged Octave and Proper Office under the title: Solemnitas Descensionis B. Mariæ V. de Mercede. Patronage Our Lady of Ransom is the principal patron of Barcelona; the proper Office was extended to Barcelona (1868) and to all Spain (second class, 1883). Sicily took up the old date of the feast (Sunday nearest to August 1) by permission of the Roman Congregation of Rites of August 31, 1805. In England, Our Lady of Ransom is also venerated as “Our Lady of the Dowry” in the context of a revival of devotion to her “to obtain the rescue of England as Our Lady's Dowry”, i.e., to reverse England's formal separation from the Roman Catholic Church and restore papal supremacy. In the Philippines, particularly Barangay Mercedes, Catbalogan City, Roman Catholics have been devoted to Nuestra Señora de las Mercedes as their principal patroness, often invoked for protection against Moro raiders. See also Scapular of Our Lady of Ransom Our Lady of Mercy Trinitarian Order Santa Maria della Mercede e Sant'Adriano a Villa Albani, Rome References Further reading Murúa, Martín de, Historia General del Pirú, orígen y descendencia de los Incas... Ms. 1616. Remón, Alonso, Historia General de la Orden de Nuestra Señora de la Merced Redención de Cautivos... (2 Vols.), Madrid 1618, 1633. Vargas, Bernardo de, Chronica Sacri et Militaris Ordinis Beatae Mariae de Mercede Redemptionis Captivorum (2 Vols.), Palermo 1619, 1622. Molina, Tirso de (Pseud. Fr. Gabriel Téllez), Historia general de la orden de Nuestra Senora de las Mercedes (2 Vols.), (Ms.1636, 1639), Madrid 1973, 1974. Salmerón, Marcos, Recuerdos históricos y políticos..., Valencia 1646. Vázquez Núñez, Fr. Guillermo, Manual de historia de la Orden de Nuestra Señora de la Merced. Tomo I, Toledo 1931. Pérez Rodriguez, Fr. Pedro Nolasco, Historia de las misiones mercedarias en América, Madrid 1966. Brodman, James William: Ransoming Captives in Crusader Spain: The Order of Merced on the Christian-Islamic Frontier, Pennsylvania 1986. García Oro, José / Portela Silva, Maria José, Felipe II y la Reforma de las Ordenes Redentoras, in: Estudios 200-201 (1998), 5-155. Taylor, Bruce, Structures of Reform. The Mercedarian Order in the Spanish Golden Age, Leiden 2000, ; 9789004118577. León Cázares, María del Carmen, Reforma o extinción: Un siglo de adaptaciones de la Orden de Nuestra Señora de la Merced en Nueva España, México 2004, . Mora González, Enrique, Fe, Libertad, Frontera. Los rescates de la Merced en la España de Felipe II (Redenciones 1575, 1579 y 1583) (Diss.Pontifica Universitá Gregoriana Rom 2012). Nieländer, Maret, The Mercedarian Order in the Andes in the sixteenth century, Heidelberg 2019. External links Homepage for the Order of Our Lady of Mercy in the United States Homepage of the Mercedarian Order (in Spanish) 1218 establishments in Europe Christian religious orders established in the 13th century
4015188	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captains%20Courageous%20%281937%20film%29	Captains Courageous (1937 film)	Captains Courageous is a 1937 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer adventure film. Based on the 1897 novel of the same name by Rudyard Kipling, the film had its world premiere at the Carthay Circle Theatre in Los Angeles. It was produced by Louis D. Lighton and directed by Victor Fleming. Filmed in black and white, Captains Courageous was advertised by MGM as a coming-of-age classic with exciting action sequences. Backgrounds and exteriors for the film, which updated the story's setting to the mid-1920s, were shot on location in Port aux Basques, Newfoundland and Shelburne, Nova Scotia in Canada, and Gloucester, Massachusetts in the United States. Plot Harvey Cheyne (Freddie Bartholomew) is the spoiled son of American business tycoon Frank Burton Cheyne (Melvyn Douglas). Harvey is shunned by his classmates at a private boarding school, and eventually suspended for bad behavior. His father therefore takes him on a business trip to Europe, travelling there by trans-Atlantic steamship. Mid-passage, Harvey falls overboard in the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. He is rescued by a Portuguese-American fisherman, Manuel Fidello (Spencer Tracy), and taken aboard the fishing schooner "We're Here", from Gloucester, Massachusetts. Harvey is shocked the schooner's captain, Disko Troop (Lionel Barrymore), intends fishing in the Atlantic for three more months. He fails to persuade the captain to take him back to New York nor can he convince him of his wealth; but Captain Troop offers Harvey temporary crew membership until they return to port. Harvey is reluctant to do real work but eventually accepts. Befriended by Captain Troop's son, Dan (Mickey Rooney), he becomes acclimated to the demanding fishing lifestyle. The We're Here fills with fish they catch. When a prank of Harvey's causes a fish hook to lodge in a crewman's arm ("Long Jack", played by John Carradine), Manuel defends the boy. In the climactic race back to the Gloucester, Massachusetts port against a rival schooner, the Jennie Cushman, Manuel climbs to the top of the mast to furl the sail. However, the mast cracks and he is plunged into the icy sea, tangled in the rigging that will cut him in half. Manuel speaks to the cook in Portuguese and the cook tells the Captain: All the bottom half of him is gone, and he doesn't want the boy to see. He tells the captain to cut him free from the boat, knowing this will kill him. Harvey crawls out on the wreckage, crying and distraught, while the captain strikes blow after blow after blow with the ax until the rigging finally parts. Manuel kisses the cross around his neck and sinks below the water. The schooner returns to port and Harvey is reunited with his father, who is impressed by his son's maturity. Harvey grieves for Manuel, pushing his father away and wanting to stay on the We're Here, but Disko reassures Cheyne, telling him that there is room in Harvey's heart for both men and that once there he “will find Manuel mighty satisfactory company.” At the church, Harvey lights two candles, one from Manuel to his father and one from him to Manuel. His father overhears Harvey praying that someday he will be with Manuel again and follows the boy to Manuel's dory, floating near the ship. Harvey is inconsolable and begs Cheyne to leave him alone. The next day, in front of the Fisherman's Memorial, he and his father join the Gloucester community in casting bouquets and wreaths on the outgoing tide in tribute to the men and boys lost during this fishing season. The last shot shows the Cheyne's car, speeding down the road with Manuel's dory on a trailer behind. Through the side window, we see that Harvey is laughing and gesturing, regaling his father with stories of his adventures. Dissolve to a close-up of a smiling Manuel and then to the Fisherman's Memorial. Cast Freddie Bartholomew as Harvey Cheyne Spencer Tracy as Manuel Fidello Lionel Barrymore as Captain Disko Troop Melvyn Douglas as Frank Burton Cheyne Charley Grapewin as Uncle Salters Mickey Rooney as Dan Troop John Carradine as "Long Jack" Oscar O'Shea as Captain Walt Cushman Jack La Rue as Priest (credited as Jack LaRue) Walter Kingsford as Dr. Finley Donald Briggs as Bob Tyler Sam McDaniel as "Doc" (credited as Sam McDaniels) Bill Burrud as Charles Jamison (credited as Billy Burrud) Gladden James as Secretary Cobb (uncredited) Frank Sully as taxi driver (uncredited) Billy Gilbert as soda steward (uncredited) Charles Coleman as Burns, the butler (uncredited) Lester Dorr as corridor steward (uncredited) Reception Frank S. Nugent of The New York Times called the film "another of those grand jobs of movie-making we have come to expect of Hollywood's most prodigal studio. With its rich production, magnificent marine photography, admirable direction and performances, the film brings vividly to life every page of Kipling's novel and even adds an exciting chapter or two of its own." Variety reported that the Kipling story had "been given splendid production, performance, photography and dramatic composition." Harrison's Reports wrote, "Excellent! It is the type of entertainment that audiences will not forget soon, for its spiritual beauty makes a deep impression on one." John Mosher of The New Yorker called it "as rich a film as you will see this spring ... The picture is magnificent as a sketch of storm and struggle on the ocean." Box office According to MGM records the film earned $1,688,000 in the US and Canada and $1,445,000 elsewhere resulting in a profit of $355,000. Awards Spencer Tracy won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his work in this film. The movie was also nominated for three other Academy Awards: Best Picture – Louis D. Lighton, producer Best Film Editing – Elmo Veron Best Writing, Screenplay – Marc Connelly, John Lee Mahin and Dale Van Every A VHS edition of the 1937 film was released by MGM Home Video in 1990 followed by Warner Home Video's DVD of the film on January 31, 2006. The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists: 2003: AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains: Manuel Fidello – Nominated Hero 2006: AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers – #94 In popular culture Holden Caulfield, protagonist of the 1951 novel The Catcher in the Rye, is thought to look like Harvey Cheyne, as in the book a prostitute tells Caulfield that he looks like the boy who falls off a boat in a film costarring Melvyn Douglas, though the film is not mentioned by name. The film is considered a classic semi-documentary record of Grand Banks Schooners fishing under sail. The back projection shots of the period fishing schooners under sail are frequently watched by members of the American Sail Training Community for the sailing shots - rather than for the human plot. Chris Elliott has stated that Captains Courageous was the inspiration for the film Cabin Boy. See also Lionel Barrymore filmography Spencer Tracy filmography References External links 1937 films 1930s adventure drama films American adventure drama films American black-and-white films Films scored by Franz Waxman Films about fishing Films based on British novels Films based on works by Rudyard Kipling Films directed by Victor Fleming Films featuring a Best Actor Academy Award-winning performance Films set in Massachusetts Films set on ships Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films Sea adventure films Seafaring films Films set in the Atlantic Ocean 1937 drama films Photoplay Awards film of the year winners 1930s English-language films 1930s American films
4015193	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moffitt	Moffitt	Moffit or Moffitt may refer to: Geography Moffit, North Dakota Mount Moffit, Alaska People Athol Moffitt (1914–2007), an eminent Australian jurist Bill Moffit (1926–2008), American composer Billie Jean Moffitt, birth name of American tennis player, Billie Jean King Brett Moffitt, American stock car driver Donald Moffitt, science fiction writer Donald L. Moffitt, a Republican member of the Illinois House of Representatives Ernest Moffitt (1871–1899), an Australian artist H. Lee Moffitt, cancer survivor who founded the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute Hosea Moffitt (1757–1825), a U.S. Representative from New York Howard Moffitt, builder Jefferson Moffitt (1887–1954), an American screenwriter and film director John Moffitt (American football) (born 1986), retired offensive lineman John Moffitt (athlete) (born 1980), an American track and field athlete John H. Moffitt (1843–1926), a U.S. Representative from New York Ken Moffitt (1933–2016), English footballer Peggy Moffitt (born 1939), a fashion model Ralph Moffitt (1932–2003), English golfer Randy Moffitt (born 1948), a former American baseball pitcher Robert Moffit, Director of the Center for Health Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation Ronni Moffitt (1951–1976), an American political activist Rowan Moffitt, an Australian admiral Terrie Moffitt, (born 1955), an American clinical psychologist Thad Moffitt, American racing driver William Moffitt (1925–1958), British quantum chemist Organizations H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa Moffitt Library, University of California, Berkeley Moffitt Royal Commission, a royal commission to investigate the extent and activities of organised crime in the state of New South Wales, Australia Other uses Moffitt architecture, the eccentric vernacular architectural style of Howard Moffitt See also Moffat (disambiguation) Moffatt (disambiguation) Moffett (disambiguation)
4015201	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardman	Hardman	Hardman may refer to: Hardman (surname) Places United States Hardman, Oregon, an unincorporated community Hardman, Gilmer County, West Virginia, an unincorporated community See also Hardman & Co., a stained glass maker Hardman Peck, a piano maker Hardiman
4015203	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energetik	Energetik	Energetik () is the name of several rural localities in Russia: Energetik, Republic of Bashkortostan, a former urban-type settlement in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia; since 2004—a rural locality (selo) Energetik, Orenburg Oblast, a former urban-type settlement in Orenburg Oblast, Russia; since 1999—a settlement Energetik, a former urban-type settlement in Vladimir Oblast, Russia; since 2006—part of the city of Vladimir
4015205	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubberface	Rubberface	Rubberface is a 1981 television film made for CBC television starring Jim Carrey. Originally titled Introducing... Janet, it was changed to Rubberface for the video release after Carrey's success. Plot A funny schoolgirl (Adah Glassbourg) becomes friends with a stand-up comedian called Tony Maroni (Jim Carrey) who is struggling with his career. Home media The film was released on DVD on January 23, 2007. References External links 1981 films Canadian comedy films 1981 comedy films Films about entertainers CBC Television original films English-language Canadian films Canadian comedy television films 1980s Canadian films
4015208	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Who%20Killed%20Bambi%3F%20%28unfinished%20film%29	Who Killed Bambi? (unfinished film)	Who Killed Bambi? was to be the first film featuring the punk rock band the Sex Pistols, and was due to be released in 1978. Russ Meyer and then Jonathan Kaplan were due to direct from a script by Roger Ebert and Pistols' manager Malcolm McLaren. Development McLaren wanted to use the film as a vehicle for the Sex Pistols to break into the American market as opposed to releasing a single or an album. McLaren said that "the Sex Pistols are not a 'music group'. They play music and they write songs but they are more of a social event. With a film we can demonstrate very clearly the whole social condition the band came out of and deliver that in its pure and undiluted form to everyone outside the UK". Some members of the band were fans of Meyer's film Beyond the Valley of the Dolls, and McLaren hired him to make the film. As Meyer recalled, "McLaren was sincere. He was really a zealot. He had fire in his eyes". Scripting A script was written by Roger Ebert, who had co written Meyer's Beyond the Valley of the Dolls. Ebert had never heard of the band, and says Meyer told him: "We can go wild on this. I've got a couple of big-titted London girls already in mind". A script had apparently been written by Rene Daalder, but Meyer discarded it. The film was intended as a punk rock version of A Hard Day's Night. Meyer said it was "more on the order of Beyond the Valley of the Dolls. Instead of four girls, I had four boys. It was about this supposedly aging rock star who was prone to go out into the Queen's Reserve, shoot a deer, and then give it to the poor. He was dressed in livery and had a convertible Rolls-Royce". According to Ebert, "McLaren thought of Meyer as a fascist. Meyer thought of McLaren as a source for money to make an RM film". The working title was Anarchy in the UK, after one of the band's most famous songs. Rehearsal According to Meyer, the sets were built and the film cast. He rehearsed with the Sex Pistols. Meyer found guitarist Steve Jones and drummer Paul Cook "very intelligent, level-headed guys", but thought singer Johnny Rotten and bassist Sid Vicious "were absolutely nuts. Both had an intense hatred for McLaren. They would call me up at two in the morning to say unspeakable horrors about him". Meyer said Rotten "definitely had a charisma" and Vicious embraced the idea of sex scenes between him and Marianne Faithfull (set to play his mother), "but he objected to us showing them shooting up". Budget Meyer said "they never really knew" what the budget was "because McLaren had no conception of what it would cost. We did some eight versions of the script... The conception from the beginning was based on a lack of knowledge. And I have to include myself in that". Meyer says originally McLaren had committed only £150,000 with no expense for the Sex Pistols and this would not cover one quarter of the film. However the Sex Pistols' popularity increased, so McLaren could get $300,000 from Warner Bros and an extra amount of money from 20th Century Fox in England to bring finance up to $1 million. Meyers noted that "the budget was like $1.7 million. Everyone was pulling their hair". Filming Filming started in October 1977. Meyer filmed for three days (though no footage involved the band). Then 20th Century Fox withdrew and shooting was abandoned. Reasons for cancellation According to Meyer, Grace Kelly "got involved in it. She despises me, and she's an important stockholder at Fox. She was going to pull out all support of Fox in Europe". This was confirmed in media reports at the time. McLaren said Fox pulled out after reading the screenplay. Ebert said: "This seems unlikely because the studio would not have green-lighted the film without reading the script". Ebert wrote that Meyer said "McLaren had made false promises of financing and was broke. Electricians and others had walked off after not being paid. Meyer himself demanded each week's salary be deposited every Monday morning". In Meyer's words: "To get in that situation where you're just the director and not the producer where you can call the shots-it's a very frustrating experience". Sets that had been built at Bray Studios in Berkshire were destroyed. Meyer and the Sex Pistols both wound up suing each other. Meyer commented: "Too bad it couldn't have been made. Probably Vicious would still be living". Great Rock and Roll Swindle Following Meyer's departure, Jonathan Kaplan was briefly attached to the project. McLaren eventually made The Great Rock and Roll Swindle with director Julien Temple, the trailer for which included the title shot of a deer being killed. This scene was not, however, in the finished film. A song with the same name is also featured in the film, sung by Edward Tudor-Pole. Additional footage appeared in the 2000 documentary The Filth and the Fury. In April 2010, Roger Ebert posted the screenplay of Who Killed Bambi? (originally titled Anarchy in the UK) on his blog. References External links The Great Rock and Roll Swindle remembered by McLaren employee Sue Steward "McLaren & Meyer & Rotten & Vicious & Me", in which scriptwriter Roger Ebert recounts his experiences with the film Who Killed Bambi? - a screenplay, full screenplay of the proposed film (archived link) Films directed by Russ Meyer Punk films Sex Pistols Films with screenplays by Roger Ebert 1970s unfinished films Roger Ebert Works by Roger Ebert Siskel and Ebert
4015210	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maps%20in%20a%20Mirror	Maps in a Mirror	Maps in a Mirror (1990) is a collection of short stories by American writer Orson Scott Card. Like Card's novels, most of the stories have a science fiction or fantasy theme. Some of the stories, such as "Ender's Game", "Lost Boys", and "Mikal's Songbird" were later expanded into novels. Each of the smaller volumes that make up the larger collection as a whole are centered on a theme or genre. For instance, Volume 1, The Changed Man, reprints several of Card's horror stories. The collection won the Locus Award in 1991. Publication history Most of the stories appearing in the book are reprints of stories which were first published in science fiction and fantasy periodicals. The book has been published as a single large volume, as a two volume set and as a four volume set. However, only the single volume editions contain: “Book 5: Lost Songs, The Hidden Stories”. Single volume Maps in a Mirror (1990) Tor Books Maps in a Mirror (1991) Legend Books Two volume set Maps in a Mirror Volume 1 (1992) Legend Books Maps in a Mirror Volume 2 (1992) Legend Books Four volume set The Changed Man (1992) Tor Books Flux (1992) Tor Books Monkey Sonatas (1993) Tor Books Cruel Miracles (1992) Tor Books Story list The short stories in this book are: Book 1 - The Changed Man: Tales of Dread In the one-volume editions, this section is titled "The Hanged Man: Tales of Dread". "Eumenides in the Fourth Floor Lavatory" "Quietus" "Deep Breathing Exercises" "Fat Farm" "Closing the Timelid" "Freeway Games" "A Sepulchre of Songs" "Prior Restraint" "The Changed Man and the King of Words" "Memories of My Head" "Lost Boys" Book 2 - Flux: Tales of Human Futures "A Thousand Deaths" "Clap Hands and Sing" "Dogwalker" "But We Try Not to Act Like It" "I Put My Blue Genes On" "In the Doghouse" "The Originist" Book 3 - Monkey Sonatas: Fables and Fantasies In the one-volume editions, this section is titled "Maps in a Mirror: Fables and Fantasies". "Unaccompanied Sonata" "A Cross-Country Trip to Kill Richard Nixon" "The Porcelain Salamander" "Middle Woman" "The Bully and the Beast" "The Princess and the Bear" "Sandmagic" "The Best Day" "A Plague of Butterflies" "The Monkeys Thought 'Twas All in Fun" Book 4 - Cruel Miracles: Tales of Death, Hope, and Holiness "Mortal Gods" "Saving Grace" "Eye for Eye" "St. Amy's Tale" "Kingsmeat" "Holy" Book 5 - Lost Songs: The Hidden Stories "Ender's Game" "Mikal's Songbird" "Prentice Alvin and the No-Good Plow" "Malpractice" "Follower" "Hitching" "Damn Fine Novel" "Billy's Box" "The Best Family Home Evening Ever" "Bicicleta" "I Think Mom and Dad Are Going Crazy, Jerry" "Gert Fram" See also List of works by Orson Scott Card Orson Scott Card References External links About the book Maps in a Mirror from Card's website 1990 short story collections Short story collections by Orson Scott Card Science fiction short story collections Fantasy short story collections Tor Books books
4015233	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stella%20Ross-Craig	Stella Ross-Craig	Stella Ross-Craig (19 March 1906 – 6 February 2006) was an English illustrator best known as a prolific illustrator of native flora. Early life and education Ross-Craig was born in Aldershot in 1906; her parents were Scottish and her father was a chemist. Interested in botany from her youth, she studied at the Thanet Art School and attended drawing classes at the Chelsea Polytechnic. Career In 1929, she began work as a botanical illustrator and taxonomist at Kew Gardens and was a contributor to Curtis's Botanical Magazine and Icones Plantarum of William Jackson Hooker. Her work drew the attention of Sir Edward Sailsbury, the director of Kew, who brought her to a publisher. Drawings of British Plants The first in Ross-Craig's series Drawings of British Plants was published in 1948. The series was issued as a set of inexpensive paperbacks retailing initially for 6 shillings, a departure from similar books for professionals and wealthy amateurs. The series eventually grew to 31 parts, taking until 1973 to complete and containing over 1300 lithographic plates. The series contained all the British flowering plants except for the grasses and sedges. She often drew from preserved dried specimens kept at Kew, and she worked in black and white. Honours and awards In 1999 Ross-Craig became only the sixth person to receive the Kew International Medal. In 2003, 55 of her originals were exhibited at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, when she was aged 95. The works were subsequently exhibited at the Kew Gardens Gallery the next year. Ross-Craig was a Fellow of the Linnean Society from 1948 to 1974. She was awarded the Royal Horticultural Society's Gold Veitch Memorial Medal in 2002. Personal life She was married to the botanist, her colleague Joseph Robert Sealy, whom she first met at Chelsea Polytechnic. References 1906 births 2006 deaths English botanists English illustrators English taxonomists Botanical illustrators Women botanists British women illustrators Women taxonomists Fellows of the Linnean Society of London Veitch Memorial Medal recipients Artists from Aldershot English people of Scottish descent English garden writers English nature writers English non-fiction outdoors writers 20th-century British botanists 20th-century English painters 20th-century British women artists 20th-century British women scientists Scientists from Aldershot English women painters
4015236	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pecan%20Pie%20%28film%29	Pecan Pie (film)	Pecan Pie (2003) is a short film by Michel Gondry, starring Jim Carrey, in which the main character drives around the streets in a bed while singing a song in the style of Elvis Presley. It also features French comic duo Éric et Ramzy as the gas station staff. It was attached as a bonus clip in the DVD for Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind. On the October 25, 2014 episode of Saturday Night Live, Jim Carrey performed "Pecan Pie" during the opening monologue. References External links Some screen caps 2003 films American short films Films directed by Michel Gondry 2000s English-language films
4015242	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wonderful%20Music%20of%20Donovan	Wonderful Music of Donovan	Wonderful Music of Donovan is a compilation album from Scottish singer-songwriter Donovan. It was released by Remember Records (1993) and in Portugal (WMO 90323) in 1996. History In 1993, budget label Remember Records issued a compilation of Donovan's 1965 Pye Records recordings and selections from his 1984 album Lady of the Stars. Three years later, Portuguese label Wonderful Music of issued exactly the same compilation as Wonderful Music of Donovan but cut the last two tracks ("Boy for Every Girl" and "Till I See You Again"). Track listing All tracks by Donovan Leitch, except where noted. "Catch the Wind" – 3:01 "Colours" – 3:04 "Sunshine Superman" – 4:04 "Turquoise" – 3:39 "Oh Deed I Do" (Bert Jansch) – 2:16 "Belated Forgiveness Plea" – 2:59 "Remember the Alamo" (Jane Bowers) – 3:12 "The War Drags on" (Mick Softley) – 3:42 "Ramblin' Boy" – 2:35 "To Try for the Sun" – 3:46 "The Ballad of a Crystal Man" – 3:18 "Hey Gyp (Dig the Slowness)" – 3:10 "Lady of the Stars" – 4:42 "Season of the Witch" – 5:22 "Living for the Love Light" – 3:44 "Every Reason" – 3:03 External links Wonderful Music Of Donovan – Donovan Unofficial Site 1993 compilation albums Donovan compilation albums
4015246	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iber%C3%A1%20Wetlands	Iberá Wetlands	The Iberá Wetlands (, from Guaraní ý berá: "bright water") are a mix of swamps, bogs, stagnant lakes, lagoons, natural slough, and courses of water in the center and center-north of the . Iberá is one of the most important freshwater reservoirs in South America and the second-largest wetland in the world after Pantanal in Brazil. It is of pluvial origin, with a total area of . Since 1982, part of the wetland is included within a provincial protected area, the Iberá Provincial Reserve, which comprises about , the largest of such areas in Argentina. There are ongoing plans to further up its protection status to national park. See also Iberá Provincial Reserve References External links Rewilding Ibera: Efforts made to save Argentina’s wetlands. Al Jazeera Englisch, January 2021 (video, 4:25 mins) Wetlands of Argentina Ramsar sites in Argentina Geography of Corrientes Province Guaraní words and phrases La Plata basin
4015278	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyodorovka	Fyodorovka	Fyodorovka may refer to the following places: Kazakhstan Fyodorovka, Fyodorov District, Kostanay Region Fyodorovka, Uzunkol District, Kostanay Region Fyodorovka, West Kazakhstan Region Russia Fyodorovka, Russia, several inhabited localities Ukraine Fedorovka, Ukraine
4015296	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London%20%28William%20Blake%20poem%29	London (William Blake poem)	"London" is a poem by William Blake, published in Songs of Experience in 1794. It is one of the few poems in Songs of Experience that does not have a corresponding poem in Songs of Innocence. Blake lived in London so writes of it as a resident rather than a visitor. The poems reference the "Two Contrary States of the Human Soul". The "Songs of Innocence" section contains poems which reference love, childhood and nature. Critics have suggested that the poems illustrate the effects of modernity on people and nature, through the discussion of dangerous industrial conditions, child labour, prostitution and poverty. Poem I wander thro’ each charter’d street, Near where the charter’d Thames does flow. And mark in every face I meet Marks of weakness, marks of woe. In every cry of every Man, In every Infants cry of fear, In every voice: in every ban, The mind-forg’d manacles I hear How the Chimney-sweepers cry Every blackning Church appalls, And the hapless Soldiers sigh Runs in blood down Palace walls But most thro’ midnight streets I hear How the youthful Harlots curse Blasts the new-born Infants tear And blights with plagues the Marriage hearse Analysis of the poem This poem is taken from “songs of experience”. It reveals the poet's feelings towards the society in which he lived. England in the 1800s became very oppressive, influenced by fears over the French Revolution. Laws began to be imposed which restricted the freedom of individuals. At first, Blake loved London, writing about “golden London and her silver Thames, throng’d with shining spires and corded ships”(Poetical Sketches), but after the French Revolution, the British government began to oppress the civil democratic activities, making London quite different from before: "everything was covered with darkness, terrors and miseries.” (Zhan,2013). Thus he shows a negative picture of London, and offers social criticism of 18th-century England. An Acrostic can be found in the third stanza. The word "Hear" is spelled out in the first letters of each line. This acrostic is foreshadowed in the last word of the second stanza. Themes Lack of freedom Sources for the lack of freedom Downfall of London. Literary techniques Polyptoton - "mark in every face I meet, // Marks of weakness, marks of woe. Structure – four quatrains with alternate lines rhyming. ABABCDCD Alliteration – “weakness, marks of woe” Oxymoron – Marriage hearse Repetition: “chartered” – shows the inability to escape and reflects the suffocating atmosphere of the London city. “cry” – shows the suffering of both adults and children in London. Publishing Songs of Innocence and Experience was originally hand-printed and illustrated by Blake in 1794. Punctuation: as can be seen in the image, there are capital letters, commas, and full stops (periods). Using these as a guide, the poem read as transcribed above when first attached to the image by Blake. The text appears with some alterations and/or additions to its punctuation in later iterations—19th through 21st-century anthologies, reviews, etc. Was Blake ever the individual making such changes, or was it always later editors and publishers? Allusions Blake suggests that the experience of living there could encourage a revolution on the streets of the capital. This could have been influenced by the recent French Revolution. The use of the word "chartered" is ambiguous and goes against control and ownership. It may express the political and economic control that Blake considered London to be enduring at the time of his writing. Blake's friend Thomas Paine had criticised the granting of Royal Charters to control trade as a form of class oppression. However, "chartered" could also mean "freighted" and may refer to the busy or overburdened streets and river or to the licensed trade carried on within them. In the original draft, the word used was simply "dirty" ("I wander through each dirty street / Near where the dirty Thames does flow"). Blake makes reference to the "Blackening church" suggesting that the church as an institution is not only physically blackening from the soot of London, but is actually rotting from the inside, insinuating severe corruption. Blake created the idea of the poem from using a semantic field of unhappiness. This is presented through the verbs 'curse', 'cry' and 'sigh'. Adaptations Ralph Vaughan Williams set the poem to music in his 1958 song cycle Ten Blake Songs. The poem was set to music in 1965 by Benjamin Britten as part of his song cycle Songs and Proverbs of William Blake. The poem was set to music in 1987 by Tangerine Dream on their album Tyger; the album is based on the poems of William Blake. "London" also inspired the opening lines of The Verve's 1995 single "History". Sparklehorse adapted the poem into music in a single, which was also named after it. References External links A Comparison of the original hand-painted copies of "London" available from the William Blake Archive William Blake's London by Lethargica. The Internet Archive. Retrieved 07/05/2008. The Poem 'London' main theme of the 'London' by William Blake. 1794 poems Songs of Innocence and of Experience Works about London Poems about cities Culture associated with the River Thames
4015299	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nominal%20Pipe%20Size	Nominal Pipe Size	Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) is a North American set of standard sizes for pipes used for high or low pressures and temperatures. "Nominal" refers to pipe in non-specific terms and identifies the diameter of the hole with a non-dimensional number (for example – 2-inch nominal steel pipe" consists of many varieties of steel pipe with the only criterion being a outside diameter). Specific pipe is identified by pipe diameter and another non-dimensional number for wall thickness referred to as the Schedule (Sched. or Sch., for example – "2-inch diameter pipe, Schedule 40"). NPS is often incorrectly called National Pipe Size, due to confusion with the American standard for pipe threads, "national pipe straight", which also abbreviates as "NPS". The European and international designation equivalent to NPS is DN (diamètre nominal/nominal diameter/Nennweite), in which sizes are measured in millimetres, see ISO 6708. The term NB (nominal bore) is also frequently used interchangeably with DN. In March 1927 the American Standards Association authorized a committee to standardize the dimensions of wrought steel and wrought iron pipe and tubing. At that time only a small selection of wall thicknesses were in use: standard weight (STD), extra-strong (XS), and double extra-strong (XXS), based on the iron pipe size (IPS) system of the day. However these three sizes did not fit all applications. Also, in 1939, it was hoped that the designations of STD, XS, and XXS would be phased out by schedule numbers, however those original terms are still in common use today (although sometimes referred to as standard, extra-heavy (XH), and double extra-heavy (XXH), respectively). Since the original schedules were created, there have been many revisions and additions to the tables of pipe sizes based on industry use and on standards from API, ASTM, and others. Stainless steel pipes, which were coming into more common use in the mid 20th century, permitted the use of thinner pipe walls with much less risk of failure due to corrosion. By 1949 thinner schedules 5S and 10S, which were based on the pressure requirements modified to the nearest BWG number, had been created, and other "S" sizes followed later. Due to their thin walls, the smaller "S" sizes can not be threaded together according to ASME code, but must be fusion welded. Application Based on the NPS and schedule of a pipe, the pipe outside diameter (OD) and wall thickness can be obtained from reference tables such as those below, which are based on ASME standards B36.10M and B36.19M. For example, NPS 14 Sch 40 has an OD of and a wall thickness of . However, the NPS and OD values are not always equal, which can create confusion. For NPS to 12, the NPS and OD values are different. For example, the OD of an NPS 12 pipe is actually . To find the actual OD for each NPS value, refer to the tables below. (Note that for tubing, the size indicates actual dimensions, not nominal.) For NPS 14 and up, the NPS and OD values are equal. In other words, an NPS 14 pipe is actually OD. The reason for the discrepancy for NPS to 12 inches is that these NPS values were originally set to give the same inside diameter (ID) based on wall thicknesses standard at the time. However, as the set of available wall thicknesses evolved, the ID changed and NPS became only indirectly related to ID and OD. For a given NPS, the OD stays fixed and the wall thickness increases with schedule. For a given schedule, the OD increases with NPS while the wall thickness stays constant or increases. Using equations and rules in ASME B31.3 Process Piping, it can be shown that pressure rating decreases with increasing NPS and constant schedule. Some specifications use pipe schedules called standard wall (STD), extra strong (XS), and double extra strong (XXS), although these actually belong to an older system called iron pipe size (IPS). The IPS number is the same as the NPS number. STD is identical to SCH 40S, and 40S is identical to 40 for NPS to NPS 10, inclusive. XS is identical to SCH 80S, and 80S is identical to 80 for NPS to NPS 8, inclusive. XXS wall is thicker than schedule 160 from NPS in to NPS 6 in inclusive, and schedule 160 is thicker than XXS wall for NPS 8 in and larger. Blockage or ball test When a pipe is welded or bent the most common method to inspect blockages, misalignment, ovality, and weld bead dimensional conformity is to pass a round ball through the pipe coil or circuit. If the inner pipe dimension is to be measured then the weld bead should be subtracted, if welding is applicable. Typically, the clearance tolerance for the ball must not exceed . Allowable ovality of any pipe is measured on the inside dimension of the pipe, normally 5% to 10% ovality can be accepted. If no other test is conducted to verify ovality, or blockages, this test must be seen as a standard requirement. A flow test can not be used in lieu of a blockage or ball test. See pipe dimensional table, Specification ASME B36.10M or B36.19M for pipe dimensions per schedule. Stainless steel pipe is most often available in standard weight sizes (noted by the S designation; for example, NPS Sch 10S). However stainless steel pipe can also be available in other schedules. Both polyvinyl chloride pipe (PVC) and chlorinated polyvinyl chloride pipe (CPVC) are made in NPS sizes. NPS tables for selected sizes NPS to NPS DN does not exactly correspond to a size in millimeters, because ISO 6708 defines it as being a dimensionless specification only indirectly related to a diameter. The ISO 6708 sizes provide a metric name for existing inch sizes, resulting in a 1:1 correlation between NPS and DN sizes. ISO 6708 does not include values for "DN 6" or "DN 8", however ASME B36.10M list the "DN 6" and "DN 8" . Also, the European Standard EN 12 516-1 (Industrial valves - Shell design strength - Part 1: Tabulation method for steel valve shells) specifies the dimensions "DN 6" and "DN 8", respectively their equivalents NPS "and NPS ". Tolerance: The tolerance on pipe OD is + (0.0156) inch (), − (0.0312) inch (). As per ASME B36.10M -2018 Pipe wall thickness are rounded to nearest , while converting wall thickness from inch to millimetre. NPS 4 to NPS 9 NPS 10 to NPS 24 NPS 26 to NPS 36 Additional sizes (NPS) See also British standard pipe thread sizes Copper tubing sizes Pipe thread sizes National pipe thread sizes Pipe (fluid conveyance) Pipe sizes Standard dimension ratio Notes References Bibliography External links Notes on Pipe—PVC Pipe weights and max PSI Quick calculator to determine standard pipe dimensions For Carbon Steel and Stainless Steel pipes as per ANSI. (Requires Membership) Piping Mechanical standards Customary units of measurement in the United States
4015307	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalid%20El-Amin	Khalid El-Amin	Khalid El-Amin (born April 25, 1979) is a retired American professional basketball player. He was a member of the 1999 University of Connecticut men's basketball team that won the NCAA championship. He is originally from Minnesota where he played for North High School in Minneapolis. In 2000, he was selected in the 2nd round by the Chicago Bulls of the NBA Draft and played 50 games for them, averaging 6.3 points and 2.9 assists per game. He played professionally in several countries, mainly in Europe. College career After leading Minneapolis North HS to three straight state titles and being named a McDonald's All-American, the three-time Minnesota State Player of the Year and 1997 Minnesota Mr. Basketball was named Big East Conference Rookie of the Year while being second in the team in scoring (16.0) and setting the UConn single-season scoring record for a freshman. As a sophomore, El-Amin was the starting point guard on their team that won the 1999 NCAA Championship game over Duke. In the final game he scored the Huskies' final 4 points in their 77–74 victory. In 2000 El-Amin led the Huskies in scoring (16.0), assists (4.4) and steals (1.7) and was named to the All-Big East first team. He was also one of 15 finalists for the Naismith Award and set a Big East record by making 93.4 percent of his FTs in league games. El-Amin scored a collegiate career-high 34 points in a 75–70 loss to the University of Notre Dame on January 5, 2000, which ended the UConn Huskies' 10-game winning streak. He left UConn as fourth all-time at the school in FT percentage at 82.2, sixth all-time in assists and fifth in steals. His averages per game in his final season are 31.9 minutes, 16.0 points, 3.1 rebounds, 5.2 assists, 2.7 turnovers, 1.7 steals, makes 2.9 of 5.5 field goals (41.1%) and 4.1 of 4.6 free throws (89.2%). He finished his college career with averages of 30.1 minutes, 15.3 points on 41.6% shooting and 82.2% free throws, 3.0 rebounds, 4.4 assists, 2.7 turnovers and 1.7 steals. El-Amin also helped the U.S. to a gold medal performance in the '98 Goodwill Games in New York City. NBA career El-Amin was drafted by the Chicago Bulls in the 2nd round with the 5th pick (34th overall) of the 2000 NBA Draft. That year, he played in the Schick Rookie Challenge at All-Star weekend in Washington, DC and scored 18 points. El-Amin only played 1 season in the NBA, playing 50 games (14 starts) and had a per-game average of 6.3 points, 2.9 assists, 1.6 rebounds, 1 steal, and 1.1 turnovers. His final NBA game was played on February 6, 2001 in a 78 - 84 loss to the Golden State Warriors where he played for 13 minutes and recorded 2 assists. European career El-Amin signed with Strasbourg (France) in January 2002. He then joined Maccabi Ironi Ramat Gan (Israel) in November 2002. He joined Besiktas Istanbul of the Turkish league in August 2003. Dominating the league for two seasons, El-Amin was second in scoring (20.9) and third in assists (5.2) in his first season. In 2005, he led the league in assists and averaged 20.4 points a game. He was named MVP of the Turkish League All-Star Game in 2005 and was a member of the World Team at the 2005 FIBA Europe All-Star Game. In June 2005, he started his first season with Azovmash Mariupol of the Ukrainian Basketball SuperLeague. Azovmash won the 2006 Ukrainian Championship, and El-Amin was named the MVP of both the regular season and playoffs. In June 2007, he signed with Türk Telekom B.K. of the Turkish Basketball Super League for the 2007–08 season. In June 2008, he returned to Azovmash and signed a two-year contract. In March 2009, he returned to Türk Telekom for the remainder of the season. He was named to the All-EuroCup Second Team for the 2008–09 Eurocup season. In August 2009, he signed with Budivelnyk Kyiv. He left Budivelnyk after one season. In October 2010, he signed a one-year contract with BC Lietuvos Rytas of the Lithuanian Basketball League and EuroLeague. In March 2011, he suffered a torn quadriceps ending his season and tenure with Lietuvos Rytas. In December 2011, El-Amin signed a one-month deal with Cibona Zagreb of Croatia. He later extend his contract for the rest of the season, and helped his team to win the Croatian A-1 Liga. In July 2012, he signed a one-year deal with Le Mans Sarthe Basket of France. He left Le Mans in February 2013, and signed with the Turkish club Trabzonspor. In October 2013, during the Turkish Cup game with Pinar Karsiyaka, he got injured and later missed whole 2013–14 season. In August 2014, he signed with BG Göttingen of the German Basketball Bundesliga for the 2014–15 season. On August 11, 2015, he signed with Sigal Prishtina of Kosovo for the 2015–16 season. On December 7, 2016, he left Prishtina and returned to BG Göttingen for the rest of the 2015–16 season. In May 2016, he underwent back surgery. In spring 2017, he had a short stint with the Marinos de Anzoategui of Venezuela. He joined CBS Sports Network as a college basketball analyst. After retiring from professional basketball, El-Amin became an assistant coach for the boys' basketball team at Minneapolis North High School. References External links College & NBA stats at Basketballreference.com Euroleague.net Profile Eurobasket.com Profile ESPN Magazine interview Khalid El-Amin won't quit @ citypages.com TBLStat.net Profile 1979 births Living people African-American basketball players African-American Muslims American expatriate basketball people in Croatia American expatriate basketball people in France American expatriate basketball people in Germany American expatriate basketball people in Israel American expatriate basketball people in Kosovo American expatriate basketball people in Lithuania American expatriate basketball people in Turkey American expatriate basketball people in Ukraine American expatriate basketball people in Venezuela American men's basketball players Basketball players at the 1999 NCAA Division I Men's Final Four Basketball players from Minneapolis BC Azovmash players BC Budivelnyk players BC Rytas players Beşiktaş men's basketball players BG Göttingen players Chicago Bulls draft picks Chicago Bulls players Dakota Wizards (CBA) players Ironi Ramat Gan players Israeli Basketball Premier League players KB Prishtina players KK Cibona players Le Mans Sarthe Basket players Marinos B.B.C. players McDonald's High School All-Americans Parade High School All-Americans (boys' basketball) Point guards SIG Basket players Türk Telekom B.K. players UConn Huskies men's basketball players Goodwill Games medalists in basketball Competitors at the 1998 Goodwill Games North Community High School alumni 21st-century African-American sportspeople 20th-century African-American sportspeople 20th-century African-American men 21st-century African-American men
4015329	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order%20of%20Mercy	Order of Mercy	Order of Mercy may also refer to the: Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy, a Catholic religious order. Order of the League of Mercy, a former British royal order.

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