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54794455_28_0
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54794455
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawag%20ng%20Tanghalan%20%28season%201%29
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Tawag ng Tanghalan (season 1)
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Tawag ng Tanghalan (season 1). Round 5 (February 24, 2017)
Theme: Hurado's Song Choice (Judges' Choice)
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54794455
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawag%20ng%20Tanghalan%20%28season%201%29
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Tawag ng Tanghalan (season 1)
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Tawag ng Tanghalan (season 1). Final Results
Carlmalone Montecido (Visayas) and Sam Mangubat (Luzon) were announced as the 7th and 8th grand finalists.
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54794455
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawag%20ng%20Tanghalan%20%28season%201%29
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Tawag ng Tanghalan (season 1)
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Tawag ng Tanghalan (season 1). Ultimate Resbak
All Semi-finalists who lost were now Ultimate Resbakers. They competed again and had another chance to qualify for the Grand Finals which is "Ang Huling Tapatan". The week-long showdown took place on February 27–March 4, 2017.
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54794455
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawag%20ng%20Tanghalan%20%28season%201%29
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Tawag ng Tanghalan (season 1)
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Tawag ng Tanghalan (season 1). Round 2 (3/4 March)
Rachel Gabreza (Metro Manila) and Froilan Canlas (Luzon) were announced as the 9th and 10th grand finalists.
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54794455
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawag%20ng%20Tanghalan%20%28season%201%29
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Tawag ng Tanghalan (season 1)
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Tawag ng Tanghalan (season 1). Ang Huling Tapatan (Grand Finals)
The week-long showdown for the Grand Finals took place on March 6–11, 2017 held at the Newport Performing Arts Theater, Resorts World Manila.
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54794455
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawag%20ng%20Tanghalan%20%28season%201%29
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Tawag ng Tanghalan (season 1)
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Tawag ng Tanghalan (season 1). Judges:
Monday: Rey Valera (head judge), Erik Santos, Karylle, Yeng Constantino, and Karla Estrada
Tuesday: Rey Valera (head judge), Kyla, Karylle, Yeng Constantino, and Karla Estrada
Hosts:
Monday: Vhong Navarro, Anne Curtis, Vice Ganda
Tuesday: Vhong Navarro, Anne Curtis, Vice Ganda, Amy Perez-Castillo
Gong:
Monday and Tuesday: Jhong Hilario
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54794455
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawag%20ng%20Tanghalan%20%28season%201%29
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Tawag ng Tanghalan (season 1)
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Tawag ng Tanghalan (season 1). Judges:
Wednesday: Rey Valera (head judge), Billy Crawford, Mitoy Yonting, Yeng Constantino, and Karla Estrada
Thursday:
Hosts:
Wednesday and Thursday: Vhong Navarro, Anne Curtis, Vice Ganda, Amy Perez-Castillo
Gong:
Wednesday and Thursday: Jhong Hilario
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54794455
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawag%20ng%20Tanghalan%20%28season%201%29
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Tawag ng Tanghalan (season 1)
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Tawag ng Tanghalan (season 1). Round 3 (March 10, 2017)
Judges: Rey Valera (head judge), Billy Crawford, Nyoy Volante, Yeng Constantino, and Karla Estrada
Hosts: Vhong Navarro, Anne Curtis, Amy Perez-Castillo
Gong: Jhong Hilario
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54794455_35_1
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54794455
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawag%20ng%20Tanghalan%20%28season%201%29
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Tawag ng Tanghalan (season 1)
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Tawag ng Tanghalan (season 1). Round 3 (March 10, 2017)
For this round, only one will advanced for the Live Finale. Since Pauline Agupitan and Marielle Montellano tied for the final slot, head judge Rey Valera decided that both will advance and will not break the tie.
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54794455_36_0
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54794455
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawag%20ng%20Tanghalan%20%28season%201%29
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Tawag ng Tanghalan (season 1)
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Tawag ng Tanghalan (season 1). Judges:
Hosts: Vhong Navarro, Anne Curtis, Vice Ganda, Amy Perez-Castillo
Gong: Jhong Hilario
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54794455_37_0
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54794455
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawag%20ng%20Tanghalan%20%28season%201%29
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Tawag ng Tanghalan (season 1)
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Tawag ng Tanghalan (season 1). Part 2: Medley Songs
Noven Belleza from Visayas emerged as the Grand Champion, followed by Sam Mangubat as the 2nd placer and Froilan Canlas as the 3rd placer.
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54794455
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawag%20ng%20Tanghalan%20%28season%201%29
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Tawag ng Tanghalan (season 1)
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Tawag ng Tanghalan (season 1). Tawag ng Tanghalan seasons
2016 Philippine television seasons
2017 Philippine television seasons
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54794485_0_0
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54794485
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Dalziel
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Robert Dalziel
|
Robert Dalziel. Robert Dalziel may refer to:
Bobby Dalziel (active 1948–1956), Scottish footballer
Robert Dalzell (died 1758), known to be commonly misspelled as Dalziel
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54794485
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Dalziel
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Robert Dalziel
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Robert Dalziel. See also
Robert Dalzell (disambiguation), others similarly named
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54794487
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guwahati%E2%80%93Mariani%20Intercity%20Express
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Guwahati–Mariani Intercity Express
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Guwahati–Mariani Intercity Express.
The 15717 / 18 Guwahati–Mariani Junction Intercity Express is an Express train belonging to Northeast Frontier Railway zone of Indian Railways that runs between and in India.
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54794487
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guwahati%E2%80%93Mariani%20Intercity%20Express
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Guwahati–Mariani Intercity Express
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Guwahati–Mariani Intercity Express.
It operates as train number 15717 from Guwahati to Mariani Junction and as train number 15718 in the reverse direction, serving the states of Assam.
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54794487
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guwahati%E2%80%93Mariani%20Intercity%20Express
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Guwahati–Mariani Intercity Express
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Guwahati–Mariani Intercity Express. Coaches
The 15717 / 18 Guwahati–Mariani Junction Intercity Express has nine general unreserved & two SLR (seating with luggage rake) coaches. It does not carry a pantry car.
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54794487
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guwahati%E2%80%93Mariani%20Intercity%20Express
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Guwahati–Mariani Intercity Express
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Guwahati–Mariani Intercity Express.
As is customary with most train services in India, coach composition may be amended at the discretion of Indian Railways depending on demand.
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54794487
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guwahati%E2%80%93Mariani%20Intercity%20Express
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Guwahati–Mariani Intercity Express
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Guwahati–Mariani Intercity Express. Service
The 15717 Guwahati–Mariani Junction Intercity Express covers the distance of in 11 hours 15 mins (36 km/hr) & in 10 hours 30 mins as the 15718 Mariani Junction–Guwahati Intercity Express (38 km/hr).
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54794487
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guwahati%E2%80%93Mariani%20Intercity%20Express
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Guwahati–Mariani Intercity Express
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Guwahati–Mariani Intercity Express.
As the average speed of the train is lower than , as per railway rules, its fare doesn't include a Superfast surcharge.
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54794487
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guwahati%E2%80%93Mariani%20Intercity%20Express
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Guwahati–Mariani Intercity Express
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Guwahati–Mariani Intercity Express. Routing
The 15717 / 18 Guwahati–Mariani Junction Intercity Express runs from Guwahati via , , to Mariani Junction.
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54794487
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guwahati%E2%80%93Mariani%20Intercity%20Express
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Guwahati–Mariani Intercity Express
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Guwahati–Mariani Intercity Express. Traction
As the route is going to electrification, a -based WDM-3D diesel locomotive pulls the train to its destination.
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54794573
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgante%20%28surname%29
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Morgante (surname)
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Morgante (surname).
Morgante is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
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54794573
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgante%20%28surname%29
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Morgante (surname)
|
Morgante (surname).
Barbara Morgante (born 1962), Italian businesswoman
Domenico Morgante (born 1956), Italian musicologist and organist
Vincenzo Morgante (born 1963), Italian journalist
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54794591_0_0
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54794591
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prins%20Gunasekera
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Prins Gunasekera
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Prins Gunasekera.
Prins Gunasekera (17 July 1924 – 29 December 2018) was a Ceylonese politician, who represented the Habaraduwa electorate in the Galle district.
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54794591
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prins%20Gunasekera
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Prins Gunasekera
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Prins Gunasekera.
Gunasekera was born on 17 July 1924 in Kataluwa, a village in Habaraduwa. He was educated at the Kataluwa Government Boys School, Sri Sumangala Vidyalaya, Weligama and Ananda College, Colombo. He obtained a degree from the University of London, as an external student, before entering the Ceylon Law College, becoming an Attorney at Law in 1955. Gunasekera worked as a journalist for the Lankadeepa newspaper, later becoming its chief sub-editor.
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54794591
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prins%20Gunasekera
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Prins Gunasekera
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Prins Gunasekera.
In 1956 he was one of the founding members of the Mahajana Eksath Peramuna (People's United Front) where he was elected as the co-secretary to the party and Philip Gunawardena's secretary. Gunawardena requested that he contest for the seat of Horana, on behalf of the party at the 1956 parliamentary elections but he refused due to his work commitments.
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54794591
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prins%20Gunasekera
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Prins Gunasekera
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Prins Gunasekera.
Gunasekera was elected to parliament, representing the Mahajana Eksath Peramuna, as the member for the newly created seat of Habaraduwa, at the 4th parliamentary elections held on 19 March 1960. However, as neither of the major political parties managed to obtain a sufficient majority a new election was called. At the subsequent July 1960 elections Gunasekera suffered a heavy loss to the Sri Lanka Freedom Party candidate, D. S. Goonesekera.
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54794591
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prins%20Gunasekera
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Prins Gunasekera
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Prins Gunasekera.
At the parliamentary elections in 1965 he ran as an independent, successfully regaining the Habaraduwa electorate. At the 1970 Ceylonese parliamentary election he was re-elected, however this time as the Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP) candidate. In 1971 he left the SLFP, following differences of opinion with Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike, and continued as an independent member of parliament, although between 1972 and 1975 he worked with the United National Party members, who were in opposition.
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54794620
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boules%20sports%20at%20the%202017%20World%20Games
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Boules sports at the 2017 World Games
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Boules sports at the 2017 World Games.
The boules sports tournament at the 2017 World Games in Wrocław was played between 22 and 24 July. 94 competitors, from 27 nations, participated in the tournament. The boules sports competition took place at Centennial Hall in Lower Silesian Voivodeship.
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54794620
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boules%20sports%20at%20the%202017%20World%20Games
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Boules sports at the 2017 World Games
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Boules sports at the 2017 World Games. Participating nations
94 competitors, from 27 nations, participated in the tournament.
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54794620
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boules%20sports%20at%20the%202017%20World%20Games
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Boules sports at the 2017 World Games
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Boules sports at the 2017 World Games. 2017 World Games
Boules sports at multi-sport events
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54794624
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julien%20Belin
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Julien Belin
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Julien Belin.
Julien Belin was a French composer and lutenist active in the second half of the 16th century; he died after 1584.
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54794624
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julien%20Belin
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Julien Belin
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Julien Belin. Biography
The only information about his life comes from the Bibliothèque de La Croix Du Maine, in which he is said to be a Manceau, therefore a native of Le Mans or surroundings in 1584 in the Maine.
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54794624
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julien%20Belin
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Julien Belin
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Julien Belin.
His collection, published in 1556, gives René de Saint-François, archdeacon of Le Mans, as a probable protector, and shows him as a capable lutenist, developing his own style, notwithstanding the influence of lutenists Francesco Canova da Milano and Albert de Rippe.
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54794624
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julien%20Belin
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Julien Belin
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Julien Belin. Works
In 1556, he published his Premier livre contenant plusieurs motetz, chansons & fantasies reduictz en tabulature de leut by Nicolas Du Chemin in Paris with a dedication to René de Saint-François. (read online here). Modern edition by Michel Renault: Éditions du CNRS, 1976 (series Le Chœur des Muses : Corpus des luthistes français).
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54794624
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julien%20Belin
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Julien Belin
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Julien Belin. The collection contains:
Six very ornamented songs transcribed for the lute, by Jacques Arcadelt, Pierre Certon, Roger Pathie called Rogier (2) and Pierre Sandrin (2).
A transcript of the motet Cantate Domino (Anonymous, not ornamented and probably attributable to Belin himself);
A transcription of the song Les Bourguignons (same remarks);
Seven fantasies, fairly short, two of which are described as "trio" and written in three parts. They are less ornamented than the transcriptions of the songs and written in a rigorous polyphony. Five of the fantasies have been taken up, grouped and in the same order, in the Thesaurus musicus continens selectissima Alberti Ripae, Valentini Bacfari et aliorum praestantissimorum carmina ad usum chelys... published in Louvain by Petrus Phalesius the Elder, publisher, in 1574.
The analysis of the pieces reveals that Belin was influenced by the style of Albert de Rippe (of whom he was perhaps a pupil).
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54794624
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julien%20Belin
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Julien Belin
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Julien Belin. Discography
Four pièces are recorded in Julien Belin & Robert Meigret : compositeurs du Maine au XVIe siècle, by the Ensemble vocal du Maine; Jean-Dominique Abrell, choir leader; Michel Amoric, lute. A CD in addition to the article Amoric 2002, quoted in reference.
The Second trio is recorded in La Magdalena: lute music of Renaissance France, performed by Christopher Wilson. A CD Virgin Veritas, réf. B000005GGS, EAN 0724354514029 (2000).
’Mille ans de musique. Mastership of the Cathedral of Le Mans, dir. Philippe Lenoble. Pieces by Jehan Daniel, Jacques Peltier, Julien Belin, André Pechon, Innocent Boutry, Pierre Bouteiller and others. 1 CD Editions Art et Musique, 2006, réf. B00139P31G.
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54794644
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF%20Aird%20Uig
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RAF Aird Uig
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RAF Aird Uig.
Royal Air Force Aird Uig was a Royal Air Force radar station located on the western edge of the Isle of Lewis in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland. The main masts and operations room were located north of the village of Aird Uig on Gallan Head, with a separate domestic site nearer to the village, further south.
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54794644
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF%20Aird%20Uig
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RAF Aird Uig
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RAF Aird Uig.
The station was originally constructed as part of the ROTOR programme and it was operated by the communications ground trades of the RAF between 1954 and 1974. After ROTOR, the site continued in RAF use as a communications station and radar site until 2000, when the responsibilities of the base were moved to RAF Buchan, near Peterhead in Aberdeenshire. The site was then taken over by NATO as a communications hub before being vacated completely by the military in 2010. In its later years, No. 112 Signals Unit at RAF Stornoway provided the staffing for the day-to-day operation of the site. The Guard House, which is at the entrance to the site, is asbestos contaminated, as are other various buildings on the site.
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54794644
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF%20Aird%20Uig
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RAF Aird Uig
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RAF Aird Uig.
There are plans to recondition the site and open it to the public as a tourist attraction, observatory and whale listening post.
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54794644
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF%20Aird%20Uig
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RAF Aird Uig
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RAF Aird Uig. History
The site at Aird Uig is believed to have a been a look-out point going as far back as the time of the Viking invasions. During the Second World War, a hut was placed on the site so that locals who were enlisted in the Auxiliary Coastguard Service could keep watch for enemy ships.
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54794644
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF%20Aird%20Uig
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RAF Aird Uig
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RAF Aird Uig.
The site was first identified by the Royal Air Force (RAF) in 1950 and construction started soon afterwards as part of the ROTOR 3 programme. The station was one of three in the ROTOR 3 programme that covered the north west of Scotland and were to be the first detection modules for the threat of low flying aircraft attacking from that direction. The other two in the system were located at Faraid Head in Sutherland and Saxa Vord in Shetland. All three sites had a control building (known as an R10) sited above ground, whereas, in previous ROTOR programmes, the control building was normally a bunker.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF%20Aird%20Uig
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RAF Aird Uig
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RAF Aird Uig.
The station operated, initially, between 1954 and 1974 being worked by elements of the RAF with a working population of 170 service personnel. After 1974, the site fulfilled a need for NATO maritime communications in the North Atlantic by using a Low Frequency (LF) transmitter. Various RAF Signals Units (SU) operated at the station, with No. 71 SU being present between 1957 and 1960 and in later years after the radar equipment had been removed, No. 81 SU, specialising in high frequency (HF) communications, which routinely only needed a minimum of two staff to man the site.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF%20Aird%20Uig
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RAF Aird Uig
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RAF Aird Uig.
In 1998 the site was temporarily shut down due to corrosion of the communications mast. It was also subject to complaints from the local population over fears from non-ionising radiation. The RAF stated there was no threat but agreed to test equipment when the station restarted operations in 1999.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF%20Aird%20Uig
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RAF Aird Uig
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RAF Aird Uig.
After the RAF left in 2000, the mast was dismantled and the buildings abandoned. NATO used the site as a communications station for their maritime traffic from 2003 onwards. NATO installed 14 new masts at the site to enable a Ship-Shore-Ship Buffer (SSSB) to operate from the station. This was controlled remotely from RAF Buchan, but when Buchan was downgraded to a remote radar head in September 2004, this was then operated from RAF Boulmer in Northumberland. Whilst some new building took place, the site was abandoned for a second time in 2010.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF%20Aird%20Uig
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RAF Aird Uig
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RAF Aird Uig. Facilities
There was a domestic site that was sandwiched between the operation site at Gallan Head and the village of Aird Uig to the south. It had accommodation, the NAAFI, a cinema and small medical facilities, though any serious issues would have to be dealt with at RAF Stornoway on the eastern side of the island.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF%20Aird%20Uig
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RAF Aird Uig
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RAF Aird Uig. Post-military use
In 2015, it was announced that the local community had received £200,000 worth of funding from the Scottish Land Fund (SLF) to buy the site and turn it into a visitor centre. The funding would be used by the Gallan Head Community Trust to convert the site and build a visitor centre, gallery and observatory. It is also planned to install underwater microphones to allow the public to listen in to whales and other sea mammals. This work will most likely start in late 2017, if not mid-2018.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF%20Aird%20Uig
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RAF Aird Uig
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RAF Aird Uig.
Applications were being made by the community for Ministry of Defence funding to allow renovation of the site as, apart from the masts and some ancillary equipment, most of the buildings were left standing and abandoned. The headland itself has also been opened up to the public, with some areas adjacent to the coastline being accessible for the first time in over 60 years.
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54794644
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF%20Aird%20Uig
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RAF Aird Uig
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RAF Aird Uig. Royal Air Force stations in Scotland
Radar stations
Buildings and structures in the Isle of Lewis
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54794657
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia%20Wilde
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Patricia Wilde
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Patricia Wilde.
Patricia Wilde (July 16, 1928 – July 17, 2021) was a Canadian-born ballerina and dance instructor. She was a principal ballerina of New York City Ballet, where she danced every major role in the repertoire, many of them created especially for her by George Balanchine. Following her retirement from NYCB, she became a famed ballet mistress and teacher. In 1982, she was appointed artistic director of Pittsburgh Ballet Theatre where she served until 1997. She is a recipient of the Dance Magazine Award and the 56th Inductee into the National Museum of Dance Hall of Fame. Her biography Wilde Times: Patricia Wilde, George Balanchine and the Rise of New York City Ballet, by Joel Lobenthal was published in 2015 by the University Press of New England.
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54794657
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia%20Wilde
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Patricia Wilde
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Patricia Wilde. Early life and career
Born Patricia Lorrain-Ann White in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Wilde was raised with her two older sisters on their single mother's rugged family estate until its land was appropriated by the Canadian government. At 13, she came to New York City with her sister Nora to study at the School of American Ballet. She began her career a year later with American Concert Ballet and went on to perform with International Ballet of the Marquis de Cuevas, and Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo where she remained as principal dancer for four years during which time she worked extensively with George Balanchine, who was serving as the Ballets Russes' chief choreographer at the time.
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54794657
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia%20Wilde
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Patricia Wilde
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Patricia Wilde.
Following Balanchine's departure, Wilde took off to further her ballet study in Europe. While there she spent a year working with Ballet Roland Petit and Ballet Metropolitan of England before being recruited by Balanchine in 1950 to join his newly formed New York City Ballet. At City Ballet, emboldened by the fact that "I can ask her to do anything", Balanchine created over 18 original roles for her, including the Highland Girl in Scotch Symphony, the Pas de Trois in Swan Lake, and Glinka Pas de Trois, Square Dance, Waltz-Scherzo, Native Dancers, and Raymonda Variations. As a star, Wilde toured with the company internationally to critical acclaim on the stages of the world's legendary theaters: the Bolshoi, the Kirov, La Scala, Covent Garden, and the Paris Opera as well as in the Philippines, Japan, and Australia.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia%20Wilde
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Patricia Wilde
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Patricia Wilde.
Wilde left City Ballet in 1965 to start a family though she remained active in dance as a teacher and coach. That same year, she was invited by Rebecca Harkness to become the director of The Harkness Ballet School. She left Harkness to teach at the School of American Ballet and at the request of Balanchine, to assist him in forming the school of Ballet de Grand Théâtre de Genève. In 1969 she was appointed ballet mistress and company teacher for American Ballet Theatre and then the director of its school. While directing the school at ABT, Wilde molded the early careers of Cynthia Harvey, Susan Jaffe, Gregory Osborne, Peter Fonseca, and Lawrence Pech. Acknowledged as one of the first to achieve and conquer the blistering speed which Balanchine demanded in his works, Wilde's teaching was considered essential to understanding his style.
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Patricia Wilde
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Patricia Wilde.
In 1982, she was recruited as the artistic director of Pittsburgh Ballet Theatre, the fourth director in the company's history. During her time at PBT she expanded the repertoire to include the works of Balanchine, Fokine, Tudor, Nijinska, Ashton, Paul Taylor, and the 19th-century classics. Additionally she grew the company's school and financial coffers, established a dancer retirement fund, oversaw the building of new headquarters, and nurtured the choreographic career of Ohad Naharin. Wilde stepped down as PBT's director in 1997. She served as a highly regarded master teacher around the world.
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Patricia Wilde
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Patricia Wilde. Awards and recognition
In 2013, in recognition of "her invaluable work as an educator, dancer and director” Wilde was awarded the Dance Magazine Award. On August 3, 2016, she was officially inducted into the Mr. and Mrs. Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney Dance Hall of Fame, in Saratoga Springs, New York.
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Patricia Wilde. Personal life
Wilde met George Bardyguine, a technical director and stage manager for dance from Moscow, while on tour with New York City Ballet in Spain in 1952. After marrying, they had one daughter and one son. They remained married until Bardyguine's death at 74 in 1994. Wilde died on July 17, 2021.
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Robert Mortimer Montgomery
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Robert Mortimer Montgomery.
Robert Mortimer Montgomery KC (October 1869 – 31 December 1948), was a British lawyer, school administrator, legal writer, and Liberal Party politician.
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Robert Mortimer Montgomery
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Robert Mortimer Montgomery. Early life and education
Montgomery was born the son of Rev. John Knowles Montgomery, Unitarian Minister, Chester, and Mary M’Alister of Holywood, near Belfast. He was educated at King's School, Chester, from 1880 to 1888, and St Catherine's Society, Oxford, where he "distinguished himself as a university Soccer player".
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Robert Mortimer Montgomery. Professional career
Montgomery was Called to Bar, Inner Temple, 1893. He authored "several volumes on matters of Law", particularly relating to local government, including numerous editions of The Licensing Laws, or Montgomery's Licensing Practice, which by 1914 was described as a "well-known work". The book examined licensing laws relating to the sale of intoxicating liquors, and to theatres, music, dancing and billiards. In May 1906, he became a Governor of Channing School. He was appointed a KC in 1914, and that same year became a member of the Hibbert Trust. He was elected Chairman of Channing School in December, 1920, an office which he held until a few years before his death.
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Robert Mortimer Montgomery
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Robert Mortimer Montgomery.
He was Recorder of Chester from 1926, and in 1929 became Chairman of the Hibbert Trust. In 1930, he was a member of a group of Canadian and European attorneys invited by the American Bar Association to visit the United States. During his time with the Hibbert Trust, he continued as Chairman of the Channing School, overseeing the temporary relocation of the school and its pupils to the West Country during World War II. Montgomery formally resigned as chairman in 1944, thereafter remaining a Governor of the school until 1946. He was also continually re-elected as Chairman of the Hibbert Trust every year until December, 1948.
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Robert Mortimer Montgomery
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Robert Mortimer Montgomery.
In 1941, he published Montgomery's War Damage Act, followed by supplements in 1942 and 1943, necessitated by amendments to the Act. In 1944, he was elected Treasurer of the Inner Temple. Upon his death, he was eulogized in the Transactions of the Unitarian Historical Society with the assertion that few men "have rendered more conspicuous service than Robert Mortimer Montgomery to culture in general and education in particular".
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Robert Mortimer Montgomery
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Robert Mortimer Montgomery. Political career
Montgomery was Liberal candidate for the Crewe division of Cheshire at the 1923 General Election. He was an independent Member of Committee on Holidays with Pay in 1938.
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Robert Mortimer Montgomery
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Robert Mortimer Montgomery. Personal life
In 1900 he married Mabel Ayrton. They had one son and one daughter. Mabel died in 1927, and in 1932 he married Zilla Mary Stevenson. They had two sons.
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Arthur and Leontine
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Arthur and Leontine.
Arthur and Leontine (Czech: Artur a Leontýna) is a 1940 Czech comedy film directed by Miroslav Josef Krnanský and starring Jiří Dohnal, Lída Baarová and František Smolík.
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Arthur and Leontine.
The film's sets were designed by the art director Jan Zázvorka.
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Arthur and Leontine
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Arthur and Leontine. Plot
A wealthy playboy leads an irresponsible life until he meets an attractive and hard-working woman who leads him to transform his ways.
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Arthur and Leontine. Main cast
Jiří Dohnal as Artur Drmola
Lída Baarová as Leontýna Sobotová
František Smolík as Jakub Drmola
Zdeňka Baldová as Márinka Drmolová
Theodor Pištěk as Alexandr Sobota
Jaromíra Pacová as Sobotová
Zita Kabátová as Klárka
Bedřich Veverka as Bohousek
Josef Gruss as Karel
Stella Májová as Dolfi
František Paul as Procurist
Hermína Vojtová as Fanynka
Marie Norrová as Katynka
Václav Trégl as Karásek, servant
František Kovařík as Fidrmuc
Vlasta Hrubá as Terinka
František Černý as Speaker
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Tram types in Adelaide
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Tram types in Adelaide.
To see where this subject fits within the wider context of trams in Adelaide, and for other articles including a less detailed overview article, click [] in the adjacent panel.
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Tram types in Adelaide.
This article – one of a series – describes the tram types in Adelaide that have operated for the past years: from earlier times when they undertook a major share of the public transport task before the city's street tramways closed; through the 49-year period when only one line operated; to the 21st century tramways revival.
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Tram types in Adelaide.
The three eras of Adelaide trams since 1878
The evolution of public and private transport in Adelaide has closely reflected the economic and social development of South Australia. Growth of the Adelaide conurbation also reflected the development of efficient public transport. Horse-drawn transport characterised the foundation years, but with industrial development and the growth of the suburbs the extension of tramway (and railway) networks was a feature of urban transport and development until the Second World War.
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Tram types in Adelaide
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Tram types in Adelaide.
There have been three generations of trams over the years since street vehicles first ran on steel (or iron) rails in Adelaide:
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Tram types in Adelaide.
1878–1917, horse trams built in the United States and locally: more than 150 lightweight horse-drawn trams travelled along about 120 km (75 mi) of lines in the streets of the city's centre and its suburbs.
1909–1952, electric trams built locally, at first from American kits: more than 300 electric trams ran on more than 100 km (62 mi) of routes similar to those of the horse trams until all street tram services ceased in 1958. From then until 2006 only the 1929-vintage "Glenelg" trams survived, running mostly off-street on the 10.9 km (6.8 mi) line from Adelaide's centre to the beach.
Since 2006, contemporary trams built overseas: Twenty-four state-of-the-art trams of two makes replaced the by-then vintage trams on the Glenelg line and subsequently on 5.4 km (3.4 mi) of newly built line extensions north through the city centre and on to the city's cultural and entertainment precincts.
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Tram types in Adelaide. Horse trams
During the 39-year horse-drawn era that started on 10 June 1878, trams were mainly double-decked with an enclosed saloon 12 to 16 feet (3.66 to 4.88 metres) long and an open seated area of the same length above it; and single-decked cars 10 to 12 feet (3.05 to 3.66 metres) long. Although they were owned by 11 companies, their designs were similar: extremely lightweight in construction and with minimal springing. However, even at an average speed of 8 kilometres per hour (5 miles per hour) they were a vast improvement on the speed and comfort of horse-drawn street carriages. Their light weight was reflected in horse trams that ran to Henley Beach not being fitted with an upper-deck canvas awning for fear that a sea breeze would blow the tram over, and by the practice followed when horse trams met while travelling in opposite directions on single track: the one with the fewer passengers, derailed by able-bodied males, was pulled out of the way to allow the other car to pass.
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Tram types in Adelaide. Horse trams
An Adelaide company, Duncan & Fraser Ltd of Franklin Street, assembled the city's first 20 horse-drawn trams manufactured (and dismantled for shipping) by the John Stephenson Company, New York City. The company that ordered them, the Adelaide & Suburban Tramway Company, manufactured horse trams in its own factory at Kensington from 1897.
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Tram types in Adelaide. Horse trams
By 1907 there were 162 trams, drawn by 1056 horses, servicing routes totalling about 120 kilometres (75 miles) in length. Except in minor respects the trams' designs did not evolve during the 36 years in which they operated.
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Tram types in Adelaide. Horse trams
The South Australian government purchased the assets of almost all of the companies in 1907 and in December incorporated the Municipal Tramways Trust (MTT) to introduce an electrified system. While the electric lines were being built, the trust operated many of the acquired horse trams but in decreasing numbers, withdrawing horse tram services altogether in July 1914 in the City of Adelaide and, after delays caused by the war, in 1917 on the isolated Port Adelaide system.
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Tram types in Adelaide. A battery tram trialled in 1889
Adelaide's horse tram era was briefly punctuated by a technology that foreshadowed the direction in which public transport would be transformed around the world. In 1889 – eight years after the world's first commercially successful electric tram ran in Germany, and in the same year that Melbourne introduced overhead-powered electric trams – the Adelaide and Hindmarsh Tramway Company Limited conducted trials of a tram powered by Julien's Patent electric traction technology. It was a battery-powered tramcar, which was promoted as offering the advantages of electrical power without the cost of erecting overhead wires.
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Tram types in Adelaide. A battery tram trialled in 1889
On 9 January 1889 the car, adapted from a double-deck horse car built by Adelaide coachbuilders Duncan & Fraser, made the first of several fast journeys to Henley Beach. The project ended the following year when the two proponents were killed in a railway level crossing accident. Adelaide had to wait another 20 years for electrification.
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Tram types in Adelaide. Electric trams
In total, 337 electric trams of 14 types have operated over Adelaide's tramways, which totalled a little more than 100 km (62 mi) until 1958, when the street tramways were closed down, and which now total 16 km (10 mi). During the 44 years between the inauguration of the first electric tram in 1909 and the delivery of the last tram in 1953 the Municipal Tramways Trust commissioned 313 of the first 12 electric tram types described in this article.
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Tram types in Adelaide. A battery tram trialled in 1889
Details of the trams in the order of their introduction are in the following panel, expandable by clicking [show].
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Tram types in Adelaide. Trams of the 20th century
The MTT's 100 inaugural trams were of two North American designs, manufactured by the J.G. Brill Company of Philadelphia and shipped for final assembly by Adelaide coachbuilders Duncan & Fraser, who subsequently built 20 more cars. Between 1910 and 1912 another Adelaide coachbuilder, A. Pengelly & Co. of Edwardstown, assembled 50 more Brill trams, bringing a total of tram constructions before the First World War to 170.
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Tram types in Adelaide. Trams of the 20th century
In 1913 the MTT had developed its first design to meet the specific requirements of its own system. Eighty-four of these fast-loading "dropcentre" trams were to become the mainstay of the street network until it was closed in 1958. However, the constraints of the First World War delayed their construction until 1921. As a stopgap to meet demand from extended routes, 20 four-wheeled trams were built cheaply in 1918, to almost the same design as the first of the inaugural tram types. Four Brill lightweight trams were imported in 1925 to handle the lightly-trafficked, isolated Port Adelaide system.
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Tram types in Adelaide. Trams of the 20th century
In 1929, twenty years after a false start, the Glenelg railway line was converted to electric operation. Since most of the line was in a private reservation, the MTT designed an interurban-style high-speed (for the time) end-loading saloon tram with power-operated doors and folding steps. Thirty of them, capable of running coupled together, were built hurriedly for the line's opening. Popularly known as "Glenelg" or "Bay" trams, they were to operate in revenue service for 77 years. A variant of the Glenelg trams was designed in 1939, but post-war material shortages delayed the introduction of the first – and ultimately the only – car until 1953.
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Tram types in Adelaide. Trams of the 20th century
While the last tram was being built, a parliamentary select committee concluded a report into the MTT in June 1952. The South Australian government then replaced the local government councillors comprising most of the MTT board with its government officials and announced its intention to close all of Adelaide's tram services, to be replaced by buses. The last street tram operated on 22 November 1958, leaving only the Glenelg line and its unique trams to survive, on a route from Victoria Square, the geographic centre of Adelaide, to Moseley Square, Glenelg.
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Tram types in Adelaide. Trams of the 20th century
By 2006 the Glenelg trams had been in full-time operation for 77 years. In January a new generation of tram was introduced to run not only on a newly upgraded Glenelg line but also on 4.2 km (2.6 mi) of new street lines that were to be extended north of Victoria Square through busy central Adelaide thoroughfares. These new trams were designated the 100 Series. By year's end the 1929-vintage trams had been largely phased out of normal revenue service (the last being in 2008), only running occasionally on special occasions. In 2009 the second series of new trams went into service as the 200 Series; more arrived in 2017, bringing the total number of trams on the system, as of 2019, to 24.
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Tram types in Adelaide. Type A
On 9 March 1909, a balmy South Australian autumn day, many thousands turned out to see a procession of 14 trams going slowly along the thoroughfares of Adelaide and nearby eastern suburbs for the official opening of the city's electric tramway system. The leading cars had a central saloon compartment somewhat similar to that of a horse tram and a compartment with cross-bench seating at each end, open to the weather. The design was popular in southern California, where the climate is similar to Adelaide's for much of the year. Thus they were officially described as "four-wheeled, drop-ended 'California combination' cars" – the "combination" referring to the two types of accommodation.
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Tram types in Adelaide. Type A
Seventy of the inaugural order of 100 trams were built to this design. In 1923, when an alphabetical classification system was introduced, they were designated as Type A.
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Tram types in Adelaide. Type A
Seating capacity was 40 passengers (20 in the saloons and 10 each end on the open benches); a further 60 could be accommodated standing, giving a total crush load of 100. Capable of speeds up to 35 kmh (22 mph), the trams presented a vast improvement in schedules and comfort over the horse trams they replaced. It was not only the trams' design that made for a smoother ride: the tracks laid by the MTT to replace the horse tram tracks were built to very high specifications – and they were brand new. However, the huge overhang from the four-wheeled truck at both ends of the car, almost double the truck's wheelbase – caused oscillations at higher speeds.
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Tram types in Adelaide
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Tram types in Adelaide. Type A
All 70 were built in 1908 and 1909 by Adelaide coachbuilders Duncan & Fraser, incorporating running gear and electrical equipment sourced from the UK and the US. Duncan & Fraser had an established record building horse tram cars for the Adelaide & Suburban Tramway Company and both horse and electric trams for several operators in Melbourne, Ballarat, Bendigo, and Geelong. The company initially constructed the cars, and Type B cars, in the machinery building of the Jubilee Exhibition grounds. However, when the building was required by the Royal Agricultural and Horticultural Society of South Australia the work was moved to Hackney Depot, delaying construction of cars and preventing electric services from beginning on the planned date of 23 December 1908.
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Tram types in Adelaide. Type A
Type A trams were the work-horses of the newly opened lines, including those to Kensington, Marryatville, Maylands, Payneham, Walkerville, North Adelaide, Parkside, Unley and Hyde Park. Later they were relegated to the quieter routes such as Croydon and Port Adelaide as larger trams became available. They were gradually retired in the 1930s, only to come out of storage in 1941 on account of wartime petrol rationing, which boosted patronage. Fifty-eight (and four Type A1 cars) were configured in permanently coupled pairs: although both trams in a pair still needed a conductor to collect fares, the need for only one driver per pair reduced staffing needs by 25 per cent – an important economy during wartime labour shortages. The paired trams soon became nick-named "Bib and Bub" after characters created by renowned children's author May Gibbs. They stayed in service after the war as the Australian Government continued petrol rationing until 1950.
Although at the time the MTT was established air brakes were being installed on streetcars in the US since they are much faster in application and release and therefore safer than mechanical brakes, Type A trams were never fitted with them; neither were any trams built before 1920. For normal stopping the Adelaide trams had a handbrake, operated by the motorman manually winding a wheel in the cab, and electromagnetic track brakes, energised by power generated by the motors as the cars slowed down, for emergencies.
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Tram types in Adelaide. Type A
Three Type A cars were sold in 1936 to the State Electricity Commission of Victoria. The remainder were withdrawn from service by May 1952; many were sold for use as shacks.
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Tram types in Adelaide. Type A
The Tram Museum, St Kilda restored Type A cars 14 and 15 in a major project lasting 15 years. In April 2018 they underwent a test run as a coupled "Bib and Bub" set; they are expected to be in regular service in 2019.
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Tram types in Adelaide. Type A
For Types A1 and A2 trams, see the sections headed "Type B conversion to Type A1" and "Type B conversion to Type A2".
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Tram types in Adelaide. Type B
For the MTT's inaugural order in 1909, Duncan & Fraser built another 30 trams, of a US design different from that of the Type A. They too were four-wheeled cars but they lacked the closed saloon compartment of the Type A. All passengers were accommodated on cross-bench seats in one completely open compartment, which soon gave rise to the nickname, "toast racks". The trams carried 50 passengers seated and 50 standing for a crush load of 100, the same total as the Type A trams.
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Tram types in Adelaide. Type B
These vehicles, later designated Type B, were popular for summer trips to the beach and to concerts arranged by the MTT at Kensington Gardens, Henley Beach and Semaphore. However, only pull-down canvas blinds offered weather protection and they were inadequate for Adelaide's rainy winter months, which are cooler than in southern California. For that reason they were particularly unpopular with both passengers and conductors in inclement weather. Conductors were also exposed to danger in having to collect fares by walking along the often swaying footboards on the outside of the car.
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Tram types in Adelaide. Type B
Eventually 20 of the 30 Type B trams were modified to become "combination trams": a new central closed saloon compartment was built, leaving two facing cross-benches at each end. In 1923 seventeen were designated as Types A1 and 3 as A2. These are described in the next two sections. One "toastrack" was retained for use by the MTT band on the Port Adelaide system and in 1929 one was substantially converted for use during construction of the electrification infrastructure of the Glenelg tram line.
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Tram types in Adelaide. Type B
Almost all Type B cars and those converted to Types A1 and A2 were withdrawn from service in 1936 and scrapped in 1946.
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Tram types in Adelaide. Type B conversions to Type A1
In 1917 the MTT responded to longstanding complaints by crews and passengers that Type B "toast rack" trams were unacceptable in wet or cold weather. Seventeen were converted by Duncan & Fraser (although it is possible that one of these was converted by the MTT) into "California combination" trams, halving the number of exposed seats in the process. This work was done after the Type B conversions to Type A2 had taken place. Under the alphabetical classification system of 1923 they were designated as Type A1.
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Tram types in Adelaide. Type B conversions to Type A1
After conversion the trams were similar to the existing Type A – a design also continued in the subsequent Type C cars. Seven were converted for the isolated Port Adelaide tram system operated by the MTT between 1917 and 1935. Type A1 cars were rated with the same passenger capacity (seated and crush load) as the Type A.
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