olmer/wiki_mpnet_embeddings · Datasets at Hugging Face

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54803678_5_3	54803678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%20%28United%20States%29	Antifa (United States)	Antifa (United States). Public reactions Black studies professor Shirley Jackson stated that antifa had made things more difficult for Black Lives Matter by causing a loss of focus. Historian Marc Rodriguez said that "the ideas about anti-fascism for them are (currently) concerns in the United States about racism" and that antifa was similar to the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests, but that what antifa was "not so great at is coming to the realization that eventually social protests seek to bargain."
54803678_5_4	54803678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%20%28United%20States%29	Antifa (United States)	Antifa (United States). Other activists Anti-racist public intellectual Cornel West, who attended a counter-protest to the Unite the Right rally, said in an interview that "we would have been crushed like cockroaches if it were not for the anarchists and the anti-fascists", describing a situation where a group of 20 counter-protesters were surrounded by marchers whom he described as "neofascists".
54803678_5_5	54803678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%20%28United%20States%29	Antifa (United States)	Antifa (United States). Public reactions Veteran radical activist Noam Chomsky described antifa as "a major gift to the right", arguing that "the movement was self-destructive and constituted a tiny faction on the periphery of the left." Eleanor Penny, an author on fascism and the far-right, argued against Chomsky that "physical resistance has time and again protected local populations from racist violence, and prevented a gathering caucus of fascists from making further inroads into mainstream politics". Natasha Lennard has argued against Chomsky and others, citing Richard B. Spencer's suspension of his college tour in March 2018, as "a sharp rebuttal to the glut of claims that antifa practices serve as a gift to the far right."
54803678_5_6	54803678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%20%28United%20States%29	Antifa (United States)	Antifa (United States). Public reactions Some "anti-anti-fascists" on the left have argued that antifa attack a symptom of liberal democracy rather than combating structural racism itself and in doing so distance themselves from revolutionary politics.
54803678_5_7	54803678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%20%28United%20States%29	Antifa (United States)	Antifa (United States). Civil rights organizations According to the ADL, "most established civil rights organizations criticize antifa tactics as dangerous and counterproductive." In 2017, the ADL criticized antifa for its use of "unacceptable tactics" such as violence and warned that such tactics provided a powerful propaganda and recruitment tool to right-wing extremists. However, the ADL stated that "it is important to reject attempts to claim equivalence between the antifa and the white supremacist groups they oppose", noting that right-wing extremist movements are much more violent and have been responsible for hundreds of murders in the United States while "there have not been any known antifa-related murders." In 2020, the ADL noted that while there have been hundreds of murders by far-right groups in the last few decades, there has only been one suspected antifa-related murder.
54803678_5_8	54803678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%20%28United%20States%29	Antifa (United States)	Antifa (United States). Public reactions According to the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC), designating antifa as a domestic terrorist organization is dangerous and a threat to civil liberties. The SPLC also reported that antifa members "have been involved in skirmishes and property crimes, 'but the threat of lethal violence pales in comparison to that posed by far-right extremists.'"
54803678_5_9	54803678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%20%28United%20States%29	Antifa (United States)	Antifa (United States). Law enforcement and officials In June 2017, the antifa movement was linked to "anarchist extremism" by the New Jersey Office of Homeland Security and Preparedness. This assessment was replaced with one in 2019 which states that "Antifa is a movement that focuses on issues involving racism, sexism, and anti-Semitism, as well as other perceived injustices. The majority of Antifa members do not promote or endorse violence; however, the movement consists of anarchist extremists and other individuals who seek to carry out acts of violence in order to forward their respective agendas." In September 2017, Politico obtained confidential documents and interviews indicating that the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) believed that "anarchist extremists" were the primary instigators of violence at public rallies against a range of targets in April 2016.
54803678_5_10	54803678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%20%28United%20States%29	Antifa (United States)	Antifa (United States). Public reactions In July 2020, FBI Director Christopher A. Wray, who stated in an earlier press release on June 4 that "anarchists like Antifa" are "exploiting this situation to pursue violent, extremist agendas", testified to the Senate Judiciary Committee that the agency "considers antifa more of an ideology than an organization" which was later reiterated the same year in a September 17 remark to lawmakers. This contradicted President Trump's remarks about antifa and put Wray at odds with the Trump administration. According to the Associated Press, Wray "did not dispute that antifa activists were a serious concern", stating that antifa was a "real thing" and that the FBI had undertaken "any number of properly predicated investigations into what we would describe as violent anarchist extremists", including into individuals who identify with antifa, whom the FBI identified as "a movement or an ideology" rather than as "a group or an organization". Wray stated that "racially motivated violent extremists, such as white supremacists, have been responsible for the most lethal attacks in the U.S. in recent years", although "this year the most lethal violence has come from anti-government activists, such as anarchists and militia-types."
54803678_5_11	54803678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%20%28United%20States%29	Antifa (United States)	Antifa (United States). Public reactions Three August 2020 DHS draft reports did not mention antifa as a domestic terrorism risk and ranked white supremacy as the top risk, higher than that of foreign terrorist groups.
54803678_5_12	54803678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%20%28United%20States%29	Antifa (United States)	Antifa (United States). Members of Congress On August 29, 2017, Nancy Pelosi, then House Minority Leader for the Democratic Party, condemned the violence of antifa activists in Berkeley.
54803678_5_13	54803678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%20%28United%20States%29	Antifa (United States)	Antifa (United States). Public reactions In July 2019, Republican Senators Bill Cassidy and Ted Cruz introduced a nonbinding resolution that would designate antifa a domestic terrorist organization.
54803678_5_14	54803678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%20%28United%20States%29	Antifa (United States)	Antifa (United States). Public reactions In June 2020, Republican Senator Tom Cotton advocated using military force to quell nationwide protests against police brutality and racism, calling for the 101st Airborne Division to be deployed to combat what he called "Antifa terrorists". Cruz accused "Antifa protesters" of "organizing these acts of terror" and called for "systematic law enforcement targeting Antifa and other terrorist groups".
54803678_5_15	54803678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%20%28United%20States%29	Antifa (United States)	Antifa (United States). Public reactions In September 2020, 2020 Democratic Party presidential candidate Joe Biden also condemned antifa violent actions, having previously already condemned violence across the political spectrum and expressed his support for the peaceful protests.
54803678_5_16	54803678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%20%28United%20States%29	Antifa (United States)	Antifa (United States). Trump administration In August 2017, a petition was lodged with the White House petitioning system We the People calling upon President Donald Trump to formally classify "AntiFa" as terrorist. The White House responded in 2018 that federal law does not have a mechanism for formally designating domestic terrorist organizations. The writer of the petition later stated he had created it to "bring our broken right side together" and to "prop up antifa as a punching bag".
54803678_5_17	54803678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%20%28United%20States%29	Antifa (United States)	Antifa (United States). Public reactions In 2017, Politico interviewed unidentified law enforcement officials who noted a rise in activity since the beginning of the Trump administration, particularly a rise in recruitment and on the part of the far right as well since the Charlottesville Unite the Right rally. One internal assessment acknowledged an inability to penetrate the groups' "diffuse and decentralized organizational structure". By 2017, the FBI and the DHS reported that they were monitoring suspicious antifa activity in relation to terrorism.
54803678_5_18	54803678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%20%28United%20States%29	Antifa (United States)	Antifa (United States). Public reactions During the nationwide protests following the murder of George Floyd in May and June 2020, Attorney General William Barr blamed the violence on "anarchic and far left extremist groups using Antifa-like tactics" and described the actions of "Antifa and other similar groups" as "domestic terrorism", echoing similar statements by National Security Advisor Robert O'Brien. In Twitter posts and other statements, Trump blamed "ANTIFA and the Radical Left" for violence and repeatedly pledged that the federal government would designate antifa as a "Terrorist Organization". However, Trump lacks the authority to do so because under existing law the federal government may designate only foreign organizations as terrorist and antifa is a loosely associated movement rather than a specific organization. Legal experts, among others, believe that designating antifa as a terrorist group would be unconstitutional, raising First Amendment and due process issues. According to historian Mark Bray, antifa cannot be designated as a terrorist organization because "[t]he groups are loosely organized, and they aren't large enough to cause everything Trump blames them for." In addition, Bray argued that the political right has attempted to "blame everything on antifa" during the George Floyd protests and that in assuming antifa to be "predominantly white", it "evince[s] a kind of racism that assumes that black people couldn't organize on this deep and wide of a scale."
54803678_5_19	54803678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%20%28United%20States%29	Antifa (United States)	Antifa (United States). Public reactions On June 2, 2020, The Nation reported on a copy of an FBI Washington Field Office internal situation report it had obtained which stated that the FBI had "no intelligence indicating Antifa involvement/presence" in the violent May 31 D.C.-area protests. Two days later, Barr claimed that "[w]e have evidence that antifa and other similar extremist groups, as well as actors of a variety of different political persuasions have been involved in instigating and participating in the violent activity." However, the Trump administration has provided no evidence for its claims and there is no evidence that antifa-aligned individuals played a role in instigating the protests or violence, or that antifa played a significant role in the protests. According to Bray, while "confident that some members of antifa groups have participated in a variety of forms of resistance" during the protests, it is "impossible to ascertain the exact number of people who belong to antifa groups." As of June 9, 2020, none of the 51 people facing federal charges were alleged to have links to antifa. As of September 16, 2020, no antifa or left-wing group has been charged in connection with the civil unrest.
54803678_5_20	54803678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%20%28United%20States%29	Antifa (United States)	Antifa (United States). Public reactions In an August 2020 interview, Trump asserted "people that are in the dark shadows" control his Democratic presidential opponent Joe Biden and then claimed that "we had somebody get on a plane from a certain city this weekend, and in the plane it was almost completely loaded with thugs, wearing these dark uniforms, black uniforms, with gear and this and that", adding that "they're people that are on the streets. They're people that are controlling the streets." Antifa activists commonly dress in black. Trump's remarks were similar to false social media rumors during preceding months that planes and buses full of antifa gangs were preparing to invade communities, allegedly funded by George Soros. Two days after Trump's remarks, Barr asserted he knew antifa activists "are flying around the country" and "we are following them". However, there is no evidence of any such flight. According to Reuters, "[l]aw enforcement, intelligence and Congressional officials familiar with official reporting on weeks of protests and related arrests said on Tuesday they were aware of no incidents or reports that would confirm Trump's anecdote."
54803678_5_21	54803678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%20%28United%20States%29	Antifa (United States)	Antifa (United States). Public reactions In a September 2020 whistleblower complaint, Brian Murphy, who was the Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Intelligence and Analysis until August 2020, asserted that DHS secretary Chad Wolf and his deputy Ken Cuccinelli instructed him "to modify intelligence assessments to ensure they matched up with the public comments by President Trump on the subject of ANTIFA and 'anarchist' groups." On September 18, 2020, Trump publicly criticized FBI Director Christopher A. Wray and hinted that he could fire him over Wray's testimony about antifa and Russian interference in the 2020 United States elections.
54803678_5_22	54803678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%20%28United%20States%29	Antifa (United States)	Antifa (United States). Public reactions On September 25, 2020, the Trump campaign released details on a "Platinum Plan for Black America", under which "Antifa" and the Ku Klux Klan would be prosecuted as terrorist organizations. The plan does not include any mention of other white nationalist organizations or of prosecuting far-right terrorism.
54803678_5_23	54803678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%20%28United%20States%29	Antifa (United States)	Antifa (United States). Hoaxes and conspiracy theories Conspiracy theories about antifa that tend to incorrectly portray antifa as a single organization with leaders and secret sources of funding have been spread by right-wing activists, media organizations and politicians, including Trump administration officials and the 2020 Trump campaign.
54803678_5_24	54803678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%20%28United%20States%29	Antifa (United States)	Antifa (United States). #PunchWhiteWomen (2017) In August 2017, a #PunchWhiteWomen photo hoax campaign was spread by fake antifa Twitter accounts. Bellingcat researcher Eliot Higgins discovered an image of British actress Anna Friel portraying a battered woman in a 2007 Women's Aid anti-domestic violence campaign that had been re-purposed using fake antifa Twitter accounts organized by way of 4chan. The image is captioned "53% of white women voted for Trump, 53% of white women should look like this" and includes an antifa flag. Another image featuring an injured woman is captioned "She chose to be a Nazi. Choices have consequences" and includes the hashtag #PunchANazi. Higgins remarked to the BBC that "[t]his was a transparent and quite pathetic attempt, but I wouldn't be surprised if white nationalist groups try to mount more sophisticated attacks in the future". A similar fake image circulated on social media after the Unite the Right rally in 2017. The doctored image, actually from a 2009 riot in Athens, was altered to make it look like someone wearing an antifa symbol attacking a policeman with a flag. After the 2017 Las Vegas shooting, similar hoaxes falsely claimed that the shooter was an antifa "member"; another such hoax involved a fake antifa Twitter account praising the shooting. Another high-profile fake antifa account was banned from Twitter after it posted with a geotag originating in Russia. Those fake antifa accounts have been repeatedly reported on as real by right-leaning media outlets.
54803678_5_25	54803678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%20%28United%20States%29	Antifa (United States)	Antifa (United States). "Antifa civil war" (2017) In October 2017, a conspiracy theory claiming that antifa groups were planning a violent insurrection or civil war the following month spread on YouTube and was advanced by far-right figures including Alex Jones, Lucian Wintrich, Paul Joseph Watson, and Steven Crowder. The basis for the conspiracy theory was a series of protests against Donald Trump organized by the group Refuse Fascism. The protests passed off as planned without causing significant disruption.
54803678_5_26	54803678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%20%28United%20States%29	Antifa (United States)	Antifa (United States). "Antifa Manual" (2017) A fake "Antifa Manual" has circulated online, debunked by Snopes in 2017. According to the ADL, the language used in the document appears designed to sow division and features many statements that do not align with the sentiments of anti-fascist organizers, often clumsily mimicking "left wing" rhetoric. The same images continued to be shared on social media in posts about the 2020 Black Lives Matter protests, including a Twitter post by alt-lite conspiracy theorist Jack Posobiec.
54803678_6_0	54803678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%20%28United%20States%29	Antifa (United States)	Antifa (United States). George Floyd protests (2020) During the nationwide George Floyd protests against police brutality and racism in May and June 2020, false claims of impending antifa activity circulated through social media platforms, causing alarm in at least 41 towns and cities. On May 31, 2020, @ANTIFA_US, a newly created Twitter account, attempted to incite violence relating to the protests. The next day, after determining that it was linked to the white nationalist group Identity Evropa, Twitter suspended the fake account. The FBI's Washington Field Office report stated that members of a far-right group on social media had "called for far-right provocateurs to attack federal agents, use automatic weapons against protesters" during the D.C.-area protests over Floyd's murder on May 31, 2020.
54803678_6_1	54803678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%20%28United%20States%29	Antifa (United States)	Antifa (United States). George Floyd protests (2020) Conservative news organizations, pro-Trump individuals using social media, and impostor social media accounts propagated false rumors that antifa groups were traveling to small cities, suburbs, and rural communities to instigate unrest during the protests. In May and June 2020, Lara Logan repeatedly promoted hoaxes as part of Fox News' coverage of antifa, including publishing a false document she described as an antifa battle plan and claiming that a joke about juggalos was evidence of a clandestine antifa hierarchy. In an appearance on Fox News's The Ingraham Angle in June 2020, Trump's personal attorney Rudy Giuliani claimed that "Antifa" as well as "Black Lives Matter" and unspecified communists were working together to "do away with our system of courts" and "take your property away and give it to other people", asserting without evidence that they receive significant funding from an outside source. Giuliani had previously criticized George Soros, who has been a frequent target of conspiracy theories, claiming he funded such groups and demonstrations.
54803678_6_2	54803678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%20%28United%20States%29	Antifa (United States)	Antifa (United States). George Floyd protests (2020) In June, 2020, the California Highway Patrol's air unit launched a search for "antifa buses" in response to Instagram and Facebook posts showing a van with the slogan "Black Lives Matter" written on it. Later in June 2020, a multiracial family on a camping trip in Forks, Washington, were accused of being antifa activists, harassed and trapped in their campsite when trees were felled to block the road. In Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, groups of armed right-wing vigilantes occupied streets in response to false rumors that antifa activists were planning to travel to the city while similar rumors led to threats being made against activists planning peaceful protests in Sonora, California. In Klamath Falls, Oregon, hundreds of people, most of whom were armed, assembled in response to false rumors that antifa activists would target the city, spread by a commander in the Oregon Air National Guard.
54803678_6_3	54803678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%20%28United%20States%29	Antifa (United States)	Antifa (United States). George Floyd protests (2020) In an August 2020 interview, Trump spread a similar conspiracy theory, claiming that "thugs, wearing these dark uniforms, black uniforms, with gear and this and that" had boarded a plane to Washington, D.C. to disrupt the 2020 Republican National Convention. Also in August 2020, a fake antifa website began to redirect users to the Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign website. Although this has been described as "clearly a ploy to associate the Democratic Party with antifa", those on the right seized upon it.
54803678_6_4	54803678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%20%28United%20States%29	Antifa (United States)	Antifa (United States). George Floyd protests (2020) A 2021 Department of Homeland Security (DHS) internal report found that senior DHS officials had sought to portray the 2020 protests in Portland, Oregon, without evidence, as an organized effort by antifa to attack government institutions, and had ordered staff to characterize protests as "Violent Antifa Anarchist Inspired".
54803678_6_5	54803678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%20%28United%20States%29	Antifa (United States)	Antifa (United States). George Floyd protests (2020) A study by Zignal Labs found that unsubstantiated claims of antifa involvement were one of three dominant themes in misinformation and conspiracy theories around the protests, alongside claims that Floyd's murder had been faked and claims of involvement by George Soros. Some of the opposition to antifa activism has also been artificial in nature. Nafeesa Syeed of Bloomberg News reported that "[t]he most-tweeted link in the Russian-linked network followed by the researchers was a petition to declare Antifa a terrorist group".
54803678_7_0	54803678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%20%28United%20States%29	Antifa (United States)	Antifa (United States). Wildfires (2020) As wildfires raged on the West Coast in September 2020, rumors spread on social media that antifa was deliberately setting fires and preparing to loot property that was being evacuated, which local police departments debunked. Some residents refused to evacuate based on the rumors, choosing to defend their homes from the alleged invasions. Authorities pleaded with residents to ignore the false rumors. A firefighters union in Washington state, also debunking these rumors, described Facebook as "an absolute cesspool of misinformation" on the topic. Prominent promoters of the unfounded rumors included adherents of the QAnon conspiracy theory. One false claim that six antifa activists had been arrested for setting fires was specifically amplified by "Q", i.e. "the anonymous person or people behind QAnon". QAnon had for months been organizing "digital soldiers" on social media and internet message boards to wage information warfare to influence the 2020 United States elections.
54803678_8_0	54803678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%20%28United%20States%29	Antifa (United States)	Antifa (United States). Capitol attack (2021) Immediately after the 2021 storming of the United States Capitol, a false claim that it was a false flag operation staged by antifa to implicate Trump supporters was spread by a number of Trump loyalists including Representative Mo Brooks, Mark Burns, Lou Dobbs, California State Senate minority leader Shannon Grove, Laura Ingraham, Mike Lindell, former Governor of Alaska Sarah Palin, Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton, actor Kevin Sorbo, Eric Trump and L. Lin Wood. The conspiracy theory began on 4chan and similar websites before spreading to more mainstream conservative news sites. Representative Paul Gosar was the first member of Congress to claim that people associated with antifa were responsible for the attack. During Trump's second impeachment trial, his attorney Michael van der Veen falsely asserted on the Senate floor that after the storming of the Capitol, "One of the first people arrested was the leader of antifa."
54803678_8_1	54803678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%20%28United%20States%29	Antifa (United States)	Antifa (United States). Capitol attack (2021) In posts on Parler, a social networking service used primarily by the far right, leaders of the Proud Boys had disclosed plans to attend the rally wearing "all black" clothing associated with antifa activists and arrive "incognito" in an apparent effort to shift blame for any violence on antifa. Photojournalist and left-wing activist John Sullivan, was wrongly accused of 'inciting' the riots.
54803678_8_2	54803678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%20%28United%20States%29	Antifa (United States)	Antifa (United States). Capitol attack (2021) A false claim that the products of a Facial recognition company XRVision had identified participants in the incursion as antifa activists originated in a report by Rowan Scarborough published in The Washington Times, and was promoted by Fox News host Laura Ingraham and Representative Matt Gaetz, going viral among Trump supporters. The company described Gaetz's claims as "completely false." The Washington Times retracted the story hours after it was published. Similar baseless accusations of antifa false flag operations had circulated among Trump supporters since 2017. Steve Benen of MSNBC described the claims of Gosar, Gaetz and others as "stark raving mad" and indicative of cognitive dissonance, noting that the far-right rioters did not attempt to conceal their identities or allegiances and were subsequently praised by Trump.
54803678_8_3	54803678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%20%28United%20States%29	Antifa (United States)	Antifa (United States). Capitol attack (2021) Some far-right people, hailed the attack as a great achievement and said that others on the far-right should proudly "own it". Some of the participants in the riot, including some who were later arrested and charged, were reportedly upset that the events were not being attributed to them. Users of the right-wing social media site TheDonald.win were angered by the claims that antifa were responsible for storming the Capitol, with one post stating: "It's sickening seeing people give Antifa the glory of fed-up Americans." The FBI said there was no evidence of antifa involvement in the mob incursion. Five months after the attack, television commentator Tucker Carlson suggested that the FBI itself could have secretly perpetrated it. The claim originated in a June 14 article published by right-wing website Revolver News.
54803678_8_4	54803678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%20%28United%20States%29	Antifa (United States)	Antifa (United States). Capitol attack (2021) Although it was repeatedly debunked, the disinformation campaign effectively spread the falsehood, which was promoted by, among others, Republican Senator Ron Johnson. A poll released in February 2021 by the American Enterprise Institute found that 30% of Americans (including 50% of Republicans and 20% of Democrats) believe antifa was mostly responsible for the violence that happened in the riots at the U.S. Capitol. A Suffolk University/USA Today poll released in late February 2021 showed 58 percent of Trump voters believe the event was "mostly an antifa-inspired attack". An Ipsos/Reuters poll released in May 2021 showed that 54% of Republicans believed that the attack "was led by violent left-wing protestors trying to make Trump look bad."
54803678_8_5	54803678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%20%28United%20States%29	Antifa (United States)	Antifa (United States). Analyses and studies Questions on how effective antifa is and whether it is a reasonable response have been raised and discussed by news media.
54803678_8_6	54803678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%20%28United%20States%29	Antifa (United States)	Antifa (United States). Capitol attack (2021) In relation to the events of the Unite the Right rally, a 2018 study conducted by professor of criminology Gary LaFree on the link between antifa and terrorism concluded that "while the events share many characteristics of terrorist attacks", the actions by antifa supporters during this event "do not include all of the elements of terrorism required by the GTD". Whereas it fulfilled the requirements of an action led by "sub-national actors" with "violence or threat of violence", it lacked in particular the "intentionality of the incident", that is the "result of a conscious calculation on the part of the perpetrators." LaFree also questioned "whether antifa can be considered to constitute a 'group' at this point in time" and stressed "how complicated it is to distinguish terrorism from other forms of illegal violence" such as those by antifa supporters.
54803678_8_7	54803678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%20%28United%20States%29	Antifa (United States)	Antifa (United States). Capitol attack (2021) In June 2020, the think tank Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) assembled a database of 893 terrorism incidents in the United States beginning in 1994. An analysis of the database conducted by The Guardian in July 2020 found no murders linked to antifa or anti-fascism since 1994. According to The Guardian, the only death resulting from an anti-fascist attack recorded in the database was that of Willem van Spronsen, who was shot dead by police while allegedly firebombing a U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) detention center in Tacoma, Washington. In contrast, the study highlighted the fact that 329 people were killed by American white supremacists or other right-wing extremists during the same period. The Guardian quoted Heidi Beirich, a co-founder of the Global Project Against Hate and Extremism, as saying that "Antifa is not going around murdering people like rightwing extremists are. It's a false equivalence. I've at times been critical of antifa for getting into fights with Nazis at rallies and that kind of violence, but I can't think of one case in which an antifa person was accused of murder." Seth Jones, a counter-terrorism expert who led the creation of the CSIS's database, told The Guardian that "[l]eftwing violence has not been a major terrorism threat" and that "the most significant domestic terrorism threat comes from white supremacists, anti-government militias and a handful of individuals associated with the 'boogaloo' movement that are attempting to create a civil war in the United States."
54803678_8_8	54803678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%20%28United%20States%29	Antifa (United States)	Antifa (United States). Capitol attack (2021) The CSIS database was updated in October 2020 to include the suspected killing of Aaron Danielson by Michael Reinoehl. In September 2020, when the investigation was still ongoing, Brian Levin said that if Reinoehl was implicated, it would mark the first case in recent history of an antifa supporter being charged with homicide. Reinoehl was charged by Portland police with second-degree murder.
54803678_8_9	54803678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%20%28United%20States%29	Antifa (United States)	Antifa (United States). Capitol attack (2021) A September 2020 report by the Network Contagion Research Institute and researchers at Rutgers University found that some left-wing movements, including antifa, associated in "fringe online forums", posted dehumanizing memes about police, used violent rhetoric and coordinated riot activity. Voice of America, a US state-owned radio broadcaster, summarized the report as stating that "far-left movements such as antifa, while decentralized and seen as less lethal than their counterparts on the far right, are just as capable of turning peaceful protests into violent confrontations with law enforcement". According to Voice of America, "the Justice Department has not charged any left-wing groups in connection with the civil unrest, and extremism experts say while the threat of violence from antifa is real, organized groups on the far right pose a greater threat of violence." Josh Lipowsky, a senior research analyst with the Counter Extremism Project, stated that "the decentralized antifa movement poses a lesser threat than the better organized groups on the far right."
54803678_8_10	54803678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%20%28United%20States%29	Antifa (United States)	Antifa (United States). See also Anarchism and violence Autonomism Diversity of tactics
54803678_9_0	54803678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%20%28United%20States%29	Antifa (United States)	Antifa (United States). Anarchism in the United States Anti-capitalism Anti-fascism in the United States Anti-racism in the United States Communism in the United States Far-left politics in the United States Left-wing politics in the United States Political movements in the United States Politics and race in the United States Political violence in the United States Riots and civil disorder in the United States Socialism in the United States
54803790_0_0	54803790	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrigadrohid%20hydroelectric%20power%20station	Carrigadrohid hydroelectric power station	Carrigadrohid hydroelectric power station. Carrigadrohid hydroelectric power station is a hydroelectric plant located on the River Lee in County Cork, Ireland. It is owned and operated by the ESB Group. The dam is long and has a single Kaplan turbine which produces an average of each year. Built between 1952 and 1957. the construction of Carrigadrohid required the destruction of over half of the Gearagh, an ancient alluvial forest, and initially harmed local wildlife. However, subsequently the area has seen the growth of an ecosystem with kingfishers, otters, salmon and swans, which has been designated European Union Special Area of Conservation.
54803790_0_1	54803790	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrigadrohid%20hydroelectric%20power%20station	Carrigadrohid hydroelectric power station	Carrigadrohid hydroelectric power station. Construction The Carrigadrohid hydroelectric plant, along with its sister plant constructed downstream on the River Lee at Inniscarra, formed the fourth major hydroelectric development undertaken by ESB. Construction of the reinforced concrete gravity dam started in 1952 and was complete in 1957. The dam is long and high, and operates with an average head of . It is constructed of nine blocks, each between in length, and is fitted with three ground sluices and a spillway weir.
54803790_0_2	54803790	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrigadrohid%20hydroelectric%20power%20station	Carrigadrohid hydroelectric power station	Carrigadrohid hydroelectric power station. Generating capacity The plant consists of a single Kaplan turbine rated at manufactured by Voith. It spins at 167 r.p.m. and feeds a single 11,500 kVA Siemens generator running at 10.5 kV. The average output for the station is a year.
54803790_0_3	54803790	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrigadrohid%20hydroelectric%20power%20station	Carrigadrohid hydroelectric power station	Carrigadrohid hydroelectric power station. Impact on flooding According to Cawley et al, the construction of this dam and the one at Inniscarra "have reduced significantly the extent and frequency of flooding along the Lee valley into Cork City". Prior to the construction, there were a number of fatal floodings in the city of Cork, including one on 2 November 1853 that killed 12 people.
54803790_0_4	54803790	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrigadrohid%20hydroelectric%20power%20station	Carrigadrohid hydroelectric power station	Carrigadrohid hydroelectric power station. Impact on wildlife As part of the construction of the reservoir to power the plant, 60% of the Gearagh, an ancient alluvial forest, was flooded. The stocks of animals like trout, otters, eels and freshwater pearl mussels were also negatively impacted by the construction. Many species, including freshwater pearl mussels, Atlantic salmon, whooper swans, common kingfishers and Eurasian otters, can still be seen in the area and the reservoir has been designated a European Union Special Area of Conservation. There is a salmon hatchery where over a million smolts are reared every year, of which over 100,000 are released into the river.
54803868_0_0	54803868	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene%20Blackmon%20Jr.	Eugene Blackmon Jr.	Eugene Blackmon Jr.. Eugene Blackmon Jr. was a Chicago firefighter and scuba diver, who died in the course of duty, on May 19, 1998. On July 31, 2017, the Chicago Fire Department named a new fireboat the Eugene Blackmon, in his honor.
54803868_0_1	54803868	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene%20Blackmon%20Jr.	Eugene Blackmon Jr.	Eugene Blackmon Jr.. Early life Blackmon was born in Chicago, and grew up on Chicago's south side. He attended Harlan High School, Chicago State University, and qualified to work as a lifeguard and a scuba instructor.
54803868_0_2	54803868	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene%20Blackmon%20Jr.	Eugene Blackmon Jr.	Eugene Blackmon Jr.. Career Prior to joining the Chicago Fire Department, in 1987, Blackmon had worked for several years as a lifeguard, and later was a bus driver for the Chicago Transit Authority.
54803868_0_3	54803868	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene%20Blackmon%20Jr.	Eugene Blackmon Jr.	Eugene Blackmon Jr.. Death After a man was reported to have accidentally entered the Little Calumet River, and another man disappeared, after diving in, in a rescue attempt, Blackmon and three other Fire Department divers were assigned to look for them.
54803868_0_4	54803868	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene%20Blackmon%20Jr.	Eugene Blackmon Jr.	Eugene Blackmon Jr.. During his third dive Blackmon surfaced, with his equipment askew. Colleagues weren't able to immediately retrieve him. When he was retrieved he had been submerged for ten minutes, after being airlifted to a nearby hospital he was pronounced dead on arrival.
54803868_0_5	54803868	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene%20Blackmon%20Jr.	Eugene Blackmon Jr.	Eugene Blackmon Jr.. Legacy The Chicago Fire Department created an annual award in Blackmon's name, given to firefighter candidates who were perceived to have shown leadership.
54803868_0_6	54803868	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene%20Blackmon%20Jr.	Eugene Blackmon Jr.	Eugene Blackmon Jr.. On July 31, 2017, Blackmon's family participated in the christening of new fireboat, named after Blackmon.
54803978_0_0	54803978	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine%20Bleau	Madeleine Bleau	Madeleine Bleau. Madeleine Bleau (October 22, 1928 – July 11, 2014) was a Canadian politician. She represented Groulx in the National Assembly of Quebec from 1985 to 1994 as a Liberal.
54803978_0_1	54803978	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine%20Bleau	Madeleine Bleau	Madeleine Bleau. The daughter of Charles-Eugène Lavallée and Marie-Anne Lemieux, she was born Madeleine Lavallée in Montreal and was educated at the Collège Viauville de Montréal and the Collège Jésus-Marie de Saint-Barthélémy. From 1947 to 1950, she worked in the office of the newspaper La Presse in Montreal. Bleau founded the parent teacher association for the Bois-des-Filion school board and served as its president from 1967 to 1970. From 1974 to 1977, she served on the municipal council for Bois-des-Filion. She was secretary for the No committee in the 1980 Quebec referendum. From 1981 to 1985, she was president of the executive for the Liberal Party in Groulx.
54803978_1_0	54803978	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine%20Bleau	Madeleine Bleau	Madeleine Bleau. She married Jean Bleau. She was elected to the Quebec assembly in 1985, defeating Parti Québécois incumbent Élie Fallu, and was reelected in 1989; she did not run for reelection in 1994. From 1989 to 1994, she served as deputy government whip.
54803978_1_1	54803978	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine%20Bleau	Madeleine Bleau	Madeleine Bleau. She married Jean Bleau. After retiring from politics, she served as president of the financing campaign and then as a member of the administrative council for the foundation supporting the Centre hospitalier de soins de longue durée (CHSLD) Drapeau Deschambault in Sainte-Thérèse.
54804090_0_0	54804090	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam%20Amandi	Adam Amandi	Adam Amandi. Adam Amandi (1926-2006) was an Educationist, Farmer, Environmentalist and Ghanaian politician. He was a three-time Member of Parliament (1954, 1957, 1969), and a senior member of the Busia Administration. He was a true blue, blue blooded founding member of the Northern People's Party and the New Patriotic Party.
54804090_0_1	54804090	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam%20Amandi	Adam Amandi	Adam Amandi. Early life and education Adam was born in 1926, into the Royal Family of Bawku, Mamprugu. A town in the Upper Region of Ghana. Adam was the grand son of the 8th Bawku Naa, Mahamma II—-Zangina, during whose reign the Union Jack—a symbol of British Authority Overseas—was first hoisted in front of his Palace, between 1907 and 1909.
54804090_0_2	54804090	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam%20Amandi	Adam Amandi	Adam Amandi. Adam, was a Renowned avid reader, and a history buff. He attended Government Teacher's Training College, Pusiga, now called Gbewaa College of Education where he obtained a Teachers' Training Certificate Degree in teaching. He further went to Government Teacher Training College Tamale(now called Tamale College of Education) where he obtained Diploma in English.
54804090_0_3	54804090	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam%20Amandi	Adam Amandi	Adam Amandi. Politics Adam was a member of the ruling Progress Party when he became member of the Parliament in October 1969. During the same time, he was also appointed minister of state between 1969 and 1972. He had earlier served in the Parliament in 1954 and 1957.
54804090_0_4	54804090	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam%20Amandi	Adam Amandi	Adam Amandi. Personal life Adam was a Muslim. He was married with one wife, fourteen children and twenty three grandchildren
54804090_0_5	54804090	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam%20Amandi	Adam Amandi	Adam Amandi. Death He died on 21 February 2006 after a short illness at the age of 92.
54804124_0_0	54804124	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amelia%20%281796%20ship%29	Amelia (1796 ship)	Amelia (1796 ship). Amelia was a ship of 1,000 or 1,400 tons (bm), built at Demaun. In 1796 the British East India Company (EIC) engaged her in India to carry rice from Bengal to Britain for the account of the British government, which was importing grain to address high prices for wheat in Britain following a poor harvest.
54804124_0_1	54804124	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amelia%20%281796%20ship%29	Amelia (1796 ship)	Amelia (1796 ship). As Amelia approached Britain a French squadron captured her. By some reports the capture took place in the Bay of Biscay. However, Lloyd's List reported that a squadron of French frigates had captured an East Indiaman, "supposed to be the Amelia, from Bengal", with a cargo of rice and sugar. The capture apparently took place off the Western Isles, and the captors sent their prize into Corunna. The next issue of Lloyd's List confirmed that Amelia had been sent into Corunna, and identified her master as "Crawford".
54804124_0_2	54804124	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amelia%20%281796%20ship%29	Amelia (1796 ship)	Amelia (1796 ship). The EIC charged the loss of the cargo to "his Majesty's Government".
54804124_0_3	54804124	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amelia%20%281796%20ship%29	Amelia (1796 ship)	Amelia (1796 ship). Reportedly, a Bombay house later purchased Amelia and sold her to the Portuguese at Macao.
54804124_1_0	54804124	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amelia%20%281796%20ship%29	Amelia (1796 ship)	Amelia (1796 ship). References Hackman, Rowan (2001) Ships of the East India Company. (Gravesend, Kent: World Ship Society). Phipps, John, (of the Master Attendant's Office, Calcutta), (1840) A Collection of Papers Relative to Ship Building in India ...: Also a Register Comprehending All the Ships ... Built in India to the Present Time .... (Scott). Report from the Select Committee of the House of Commons appointed to enquire into the present state of the affairs of the East India Company, together with the minutes of evidence, an appendix of documents, and a general index, (1830).
54804124_1_1	54804124	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amelia%20%281796%20ship%29	Amelia (1796 ship)	Amelia (1796 ship). 1790s ships British ships built in India Ships of the British East India Company Captured ships Merchant ships of the United Kingdom Age of Sail merchant ships
54804178_0_0	54804178	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982%20Avon%20Championships%20of%20Kansas	1982 Avon Championships of Kansas	1982 Avon Championships of Kansas. The 1982 Avon Championships of Kansas was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Municipal Auditorium in Kansas City, Missouri in the United States that was part of the 1982 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. It was the fourth edition of the tournament and was held from February 8 through February 14, 1982. First-seeded Martina Navratilova won the singles title and earned $22,000 first-prize money.
54804178_1_0	54804178	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982%20Avon%20Championships%20of%20Kansas	1982 Avon Championships of Kansas	1982 Avon Championships of Kansas. Singles Martina Navratilova defeated Barbara Potter 6–2, 6–2 It was Navratilova's 4th singles title of the year and the 59th of her career.
54804178_1_1	54804178	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982%20Avon%20Championships%20of%20Kansas	1982 Avon Championships of Kansas	1982 Avon Championships of Kansas. Doubles Barbara Potter / Sharon Walsh defeated Mary Lou Piatek / Anne Smith 4–6, 6–2, 6–2
54804198_0_0	54804198	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%20dwarf%20rasbora	Red dwarf rasbora	Red dwarf rasbora. Red dwarf rasbora (Microrasbora rubescens) is a species of cyprinid found endemic to Lake Inle in Shan State in Myanmar. It belongs to the genus Microrasbora, which contains two small species of danionins.
54804198_0_1	54804198	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%20dwarf%20rasbora	Red dwarf rasbora	Red dwarf rasbora. Description The dwarf red rasbora reaches up to in length. Its meristics are that there are 2 spines and 6-7 soft rays in the dorsal fin and 3 spines and 10-12 soft rays in the anal fin. The females are less instensly coloured than the males and are larger and have a much deeper body.
54804198_0_2	54804198	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%20dwarf%20rasbora	Red dwarf rasbora	Red dwarf rasbora. Habitat The dwarf red rasbora is endemic to Lake Inle which is situated in a valley where the rocks form a karst and which lies 900m above sea level in the Shan Plateau region of Shan State. Within the lake this species can be found in the midwater and in the marginal waters of Lake Inle where it is associated with submerged vegetation and forms large schools.
54804198_0_3	54804198	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%20dwarf%20rasbora	Red dwarf rasbora	Red dwarf rasbora. Conservation The red dwarf rasbora is exploited for the aquarium trade and it is thought this may have some impact on the population. It is also threatened by the introduction of exotic fish species to the lake, particularly Parambassis and Tilapia species, which act as both predators on and competitors with the red dwarf rasbora. In addition the lake has been polluted from a number of sources, especially from the growing human population in settlements around the lake, while sedimentation and agricultural runoff enters the lake from its drainage basin. The invasive water hyacinth has covered large areas of the lake and this has reduced the area of open water in the lake, this effect being exacerbated by water abstraction and sedimentation.
54804228_0_0	54804228	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangok%20Mathiang	Mangok Mathiang	Mangok Mathiang. Mangok Mathiang (born 8 October 1992 in Juba, Sudan) is a South Sudanese-Australian professional basketball player who last played for Cedevita Olimpija of the ABA League. He played college basketball for the University of Louisville.
54804228_0_1	54804228	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangok%20Mathiang	Mangok Mathiang	Mangok Mathiang. Early life and high school career Mathiang was born in Juba under what is now South Sudan. At the age of five, he, his mother and five siblings fled the war-torn Sudan and moved to Egypt to set up a move to Australia. His father, Alfret, decided to stay behind in Sudan. Mathiang and the rest of his family arrived in Sydney with extended family members when he was seven years old before moving to Melbourne a year later. Until he was sixteen years old, Mathiang played Australian rules football for Emmanuel College in Altona North. However, due to him being 1.98m tall, he was encouraged to start playing basketball instead, moving to the United States of America with his friend, Ran Tut, to achieve that goal.
54804228_0_2	54804228	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangok%20Mathiang	Mangok Mathiang	Mangok Mathiang. During his junior year of high school, he played basketball for Brehm Preparatory School in Carbondale, Illinois. After that, Mathiang moved out to Bradenton, Florida to play his senior season at the IMG Academy. In his senior season, he averaged 14 points, 10 rebounds, and 4 blocks per game as he helped the IMG Academy get themselves a 28-2 record and become one of 11 players from the team that year to earn scholarships to NCAA teams. While Mathiang also received offers from Kansas State University, University of Georgia, Mississippi State University, Auburn University, and Central Michigan University, he ultimately chose to go to the University of Louisville for the people there.
54804228_0_3	54804228	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangok%20Mathiang	Mangok Mathiang	Mangok Mathiang. College career He originally was with the Louisville Cardinals during the 2012-13 season, but due to NCAA regulations relating to international players like Mathaing, he was forced to sit out his first season with the team. Despite that, he still traveled and trained with the team throughout the season, all the way into the 2013 NCAA Championship Game, where the Cardinals would win their 3rd NCAA Tournament. Throughout his NCAA career, Mathiang mostly played as a bench reserve, with him usually alternating spots as a starter at times for Louisville. During his junior season, he would be limited to playing in only 10 games total for them due to an injury that would sideline him for the majority of that season. As a result of when the injury came about, he would not be deemed eligible for another redshirt season that year. His best season would be in his senior year with Louisville, where he would average 7.8 points and 6.0 rebounds in 20.8 minutes of action per game in 33 games played.
54804228_1_0	54804228	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangok%20Mathiang	Mangok Mathiang	Mangok Mathiang. Charlotte Hornets (Greensboro Swarm) After going undrafted in the 2017 NBA Draft, Mathiang played for the Charlotte Hornets during the 2017 NBA Summer League. In the five games played for the Hornets during the Orlando Summer League, he averaged 4.4 points and 5.0 rebounds in 17.2 minutes per game for the team off the bench. On 2 August 2017, Mathiang signed a two-way contract with the Charlotte Hornets, the same team he played with during the Summer League. Under the terms of the deal, he and fellow two-way affiliate Marcus Paige will split time with the Hornets and their G-League affiliate, the Greensboro Swarm. Mathiang made his professional, NBA debut on 25 October 2017 against the Denver Nuggets. In three minutes of play, he would record two rebounds in Charlotte's 110–93 win over the Nuggets. Mathiang posted 10.8 points, 9.2 rebounds and 1.4 blocks per game for the Swarm. He was waived by the Hornets on 15 August 2018.
54804228_1_1	54804228	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangok%20Mathiang	Mangok Mathiang	Mangok Mathiang. Guerino Vanoli Basket On 22 August 2018, Mathiang signed with Vanoli Cremona of the Lega Basket Serie A. Cremona went to win its first Italian Cup ever by beating New Basket Brindisi 83–74 in the Finals.
54804228_1_2	54804228	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangok%20Mathiang	Mangok Mathiang	Mangok Mathiang. Bahçeşehir Koleji On 11 July 2019, Mathiang signed with Bahçeşehir Koleji of the Turkish Basketbol Süper Ligi (BSL). He averaged 12.7 points and 10.6 rebounds per game.
54804228_1_3	54804228	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangok%20Mathiang	Mangok Mathiang	Mangok Mathiang. Cedevita Olimpija On 10 July 2020, Mathiang signed with Cedevita Olimpija of the ABA League. It was announced on 21 September that Mathiang would miss at least six months after sustaining a right leg injury in practice that required surgery.
54804228_1_4	54804228	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangok%20Mathiang	Mangok Mathiang	Mangok Mathiang. National team career Mathiang made his debut for the Australian national team in a 2019 FIBA World Cup qualifying match against Kazakhstan.
54804228_3_1	54804228	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangok%20Mathiang	Mangok Mathiang	Mangok Mathiang. Personal life Mathiang is the middle child of his family, which includes four sisters and one brother. His mother, Grace, helped her children survive their journeys through Egypt and Australia during the Second Sudanese Civil War. His father, Alfret, stayed behind in Sudan during the event, and Mangok hopes to see him again.
54804228_4_0	54804228	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangok%20Mathiang	Mangok Mathiang	Mangok Mathiang. 1992 births Living people Australian expatriate basketball people in Italy Australian expatriate basketball people in the United States Australian men's basketball players Bahçeşehir Koleji S.K. players Basketball players from Melbourne Centers (basketball) Charlotte Hornets players Greensboro Swarm players Lega Basket Serie A players Louisville Cardinals men's basketball players National Basketball Association players from Australia People from Juba Power forwards (basketball) South Sudanese emigrants to Australia South Sudanese expatriate sportspeople in the United States South Sudanese men's basketball players Undrafted National Basketball Association players Vanoli Cremona players
54804231_0_0	54804231	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th%20Motorized%20Infantry%20Division%20%28People%27s%20Republic%20of%20China%29	8th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China)	8th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China). The 1st Cavalry Division () was a division of the People's Liberation Army. It was created in March 1949 under the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army, issued by Central Military Commission on November 1, 1948, basing on Cavalry Brigade of Jinsui Military District. Its history can be traced to Cavalry Brigade of Shanganning-Jinsui Coalition Army formed in 1942.
54804231_0_1	54804231	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th%20Motorized%20Infantry%20Division%20%28People%27s%20Republic%20of%20China%29	8th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China)	8th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China). The division was a part of 8th Corps. The division took part in the Chinese Civil War, including the Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Northwestern China.
54804231_0_2	54804231	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th%20Motorized%20Infantry%20Division%20%28People%27s%20Republic%20of%20China%29	8th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China)	8th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China). In June 1952, the division absorbed 3rd Cavalry Division and the Cavalry Regiment of Henan Military District.
54804231_0_3	54804231	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th%20Motorized%20Infantry%20Division%20%28People%27s%20Republic%20of%20China%29	8th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China)	8th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China). In August 1962 the division moved to Yecheng, Xinjiang. From January 1963 the division was transferred to Xinjiang Military Region's control.
54804231_0_4	54804231	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th%20Motorized%20Infantry%20Division%20%28People%27s%20Republic%20of%20China%29	8th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China)	8th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China). The division was then composed of: 1st Cavalry Regiment; 2nd Cavalry Regiment; 3rd Cavalry Regiment; Artillery Battalion.
54804231_0_5	54804231	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th%20Motorized%20Infantry%20Division%20%28People%27s%20Republic%20of%20China%29	8th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China)	8th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China). In August 1964, the division was converted to a southern division, catalogue B: 1st and 2nd Cavalry Regiments were reorganized as infantry regiments, retaining their designations; 3rd Cavalry Regiment maintained as a cavalry unit; Artillery Battalion, 1st Cavalry Division was expanded to Artillery Regiment, 1st Cavalry Division.
54804231_0_6	54804231	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th%20Motorized%20Infantry%20Division%20%28People%27s%20Republic%20of%20China%29	8th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China)	8th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China). In October 1969, the division was renamed as the 8th Army Division (), and all its regiments were redesignated as follow: 22nd Infantry Regiment (former 1st Cavalry); 23rd Infantry Regiment (former 2nd Cavalry); 24th Infantry Regiment (former 3rd Cavalry); Artillery Regiment.
54804231_0_7	54804231	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th%20Motorized%20Infantry%20Division%20%28People%27s%20Republic%20of%20China%29	8th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China)	8th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China). In November 1985, the division was renamed as the 8th Motorized Infantry Division (), as a northern motorized infantry division, catalogue A. The division was then composed of: 22nd Motorized Infantry Regiment; 23rd Motorized Infantry Regiment; 24th Motorized Infantry Regiment; Artillery Regiment; Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment (former 663rd Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment of 73rd Artillery Division). The division also administratively controlled the 12th Garrison Regiment of Lanzhou Military Region, which was later disbanded in October 1992.
54804231_0_8	54804231	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th%20Motorized%20Infantry%20Division%20%28People%27s%20Republic%20of%20China%29	8th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China)	8th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China). From September 1985 to October 1986, Reconnaissance Company, 11th Army Division (Motorized Infantry Division) took part in the Battle of Laoshan as a part of 5th Reconnaissance Group. The company earned the honorific title of Heroic Reconnaissance Company awarded by the Chengdu Military Region.
54804231_0_9	54804231	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th%20Motorized%20Infantry%20Division%20%28People%27s%20Republic%20of%20China%29	8th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China)	8th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China). In December 1989, Tank Regiment, 11th Motorized Infantry Division was activated. In 1998, the regiment was renamed as Armored Regiment, 11th Motorized Infantry Division.
54804231_0_10	54804231	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th%20Motorized%20Infantry%20Division%20%28People%27s%20Republic%20of%20China%29	8th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China)	8th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China). In 2003 the 23rd Motorized Infantry Regiment was disbanded. Since then the division is composed of: 22nd Motorized Infantry Regiment; 24th Motorized Infantry Regiment; Armored Regiment; Artillery Regiment; Anti-Aircraft Regiment.

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Antifa (United States)

Antifa (United States). Public reactions Black studies professor Shirley Jackson stated that antifa had made things more difficult for Black Lives Matter by causing a loss of focus. Historian Marc Rodriguez said that "the ideas about anti-fascism for them are (currently) concerns in the United States about racism" and that antifa was similar to the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests, but that what antifa was "not so great at is coming to the realization that eventually social protests seek to bargain."

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Antifa (United States)

Antifa (United States). Other activists Anti-racist public intellectual Cornel West, who attended a counter-protest to the Unite the Right rally, said in an interview that "we would have been crushed like cockroaches if it were not for the anarchists and the anti-fascists", describing a situation where a group of 20 counter-protesters were surrounded by marchers whom he described as "neofascists".

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Antifa (United States)

Antifa (United States). Public reactions Veteran radical activist Noam Chomsky described antifa as "a major gift to the right", arguing that "the movement was self-destructive and constituted a tiny faction on the periphery of the left." Eleanor Penny, an author on fascism and the far-right, argued against Chomsky that "physical resistance has time and again protected local populations from racist violence, and prevented a gathering caucus of fascists from making further inroads into mainstream politics". Natasha Lennard has argued against Chomsky and others, citing Richard B. Spencer's suspension of his college tour in March 2018, as "a sharp rebuttal to the glut of claims that antifa practices serve as a gift to the far right."

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Antifa (United States)

Antifa (United States). Public reactions Some "anti-anti-fascists" on the left have argued that antifa attack a symptom of liberal democracy rather than combating structural racism itself and in doing so distance themselves from revolutionary politics.

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Antifa (United States). Civil rights organizations According to the ADL, "most established civil rights organizations criticize antifa tactics as dangerous and counterproductive." In 2017, the ADL criticized antifa for its use of "unacceptable tactics" such as violence and warned that such tactics provided a powerful propaganda and recruitment tool to right-wing extremists. However, the ADL stated that "it is important to reject attempts to claim equivalence between the antifa and the white supremacist groups they oppose", noting that right-wing extremist movements are much more violent and have been responsible for hundreds of murders in the United States while "there have not been any known antifa-related murders." In 2020, the ADL noted that while there have been hundreds of murders by far-right groups in the last few decades, there has only been one suspected antifa-related murder.

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Antifa (United States). Public reactions According to the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC), designating antifa as a domestic terrorist organization is dangerous and a threat to civil liberties. The SPLC also reported that antifa members "have been involved in skirmishes and property crimes, 'but the threat of lethal violence pales in comparison to that posed by far-right extremists.'"

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Antifa (United States). Law enforcement and officials In June 2017, the antifa movement was linked to "anarchist extremism" by the New Jersey Office of Homeland Security and Preparedness. This assessment was replaced with one in 2019 which states that "Antifa is a movement that focuses on issues involving racism, sexism, and anti-Semitism, as well as other perceived injustices. The majority of Antifa members do not promote or endorse violence; however, the movement consists of anarchist extremists and other individuals who seek to carry out acts of violence in order to forward their respective agendas." In September 2017, Politico obtained confidential documents and interviews indicating that the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) believed that "anarchist extremists" were the primary instigators of violence at public rallies against a range of targets in April 2016.

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Antifa (United States). Public reactions In July 2020, FBI Director Christopher A. Wray, who stated in an earlier press release on June 4 that "anarchists like Antifa" are "exploiting this situation to pursue violent, extremist agendas", testified to the Senate Judiciary Committee that the agency "considers antifa more of an ideology than an organization" which was later reiterated the same year in a September 17 remark to lawmakers. This contradicted President Trump's remarks about antifa and put Wray at odds with the Trump administration. According to the Associated Press, Wray "did not dispute that antifa activists were a serious concern", stating that antifa was a "real thing" and that the FBI had undertaken "any number of properly predicated investigations into what we would describe as violent anarchist extremists", including into individuals who identify with antifa, whom the FBI identified as "a movement or an ideology" rather than as "a group or an organization". Wray stated that "racially motivated violent extremists, such as white supremacists, have been responsible for the most lethal attacks in the U.S. in recent years", although "this year the most lethal violence has come from anti-government activists, such as anarchists and militia-types."

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Antifa (United States). Public reactions Three August 2020 DHS draft reports did not mention antifa as a domestic terrorism risk and ranked white supremacy as the top risk, higher than that of foreign terrorist groups.

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Antifa (United States). Members of Congress On August 29, 2017, Nancy Pelosi, then House Minority Leader for the Democratic Party, condemned the violence of antifa activists in Berkeley.

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Antifa (United States). Public reactions In July 2019, Republican Senators Bill Cassidy and Ted Cruz introduced a nonbinding resolution that would designate antifa a domestic terrorist organization.

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Antifa (United States). Public reactions In June 2020, Republican Senator Tom Cotton advocated using military force to quell nationwide protests against police brutality and racism, calling for the 101st Airborne Division to be deployed to combat what he called "Antifa terrorists". Cruz accused "Antifa protesters" of "organizing these acts of terror" and called for "systematic law enforcement targeting Antifa and other terrorist groups".

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Antifa (United States). Public reactions In September 2020, 2020 Democratic Party presidential candidate Joe Biden also condemned antifa violent actions, having previously already condemned violence across the political spectrum and expressed his support for the peaceful protests.

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Antifa (United States). Trump administration In August 2017, a petition was lodged with the White House petitioning system We the People calling upon President Donald Trump to formally classify "AntiFa" as terrorist. The White House responded in 2018 that federal law does not have a mechanism for formally designating domestic terrorist organizations. The writer of the petition later stated he had created it to "bring our broken right side together" and to "prop up antifa as a punching bag".

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Antifa (United States). Public reactions In 2017, Politico interviewed unidentified law enforcement officials who noted a rise in activity since the beginning of the Trump administration, particularly a rise in recruitment and on the part of the far right as well since the Charlottesville Unite the Right rally. One internal assessment acknowledged an inability to penetrate the groups' "diffuse and decentralized organizational structure". By 2017, the FBI and the DHS reported that they were monitoring suspicious antifa activity in relation to terrorism.

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Antifa (United States). Public reactions During the nationwide protests following the murder of George Floyd in May and June 2020, Attorney General William Barr blamed the violence on "anarchic and far left extremist groups using Antifa-like tactics" and described the actions of "Antifa and other similar groups" as "domestic terrorism", echoing similar statements by National Security Advisor Robert O'Brien. In Twitter posts and other statements, Trump blamed "ANTIFA and the Radical Left" for violence and repeatedly pledged that the federal government would designate antifa as a "Terrorist Organization". However, Trump lacks the authority to do so because under existing law the federal government may designate only foreign organizations as terrorist and antifa is a loosely associated movement rather than a specific organization. Legal experts, among others, believe that designating antifa as a terrorist group would be unconstitutional, raising First Amendment and due process issues. According to historian Mark Bray, antifa cannot be designated as a terrorist organization because "[t]he groups are loosely organized, and they aren't large enough to cause everything Trump blames them for." In addition, Bray argued that the political right has attempted to "blame everything on antifa" during the George Floyd protests and that in assuming antifa to be "predominantly white", it "evince[s] a kind of racism that assumes that black people couldn't organize on this deep and wide of a scale."

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Antifa (United States). Public reactions On June 2, 2020, The Nation reported on a copy of an FBI Washington Field Office internal situation report it had obtained which stated that the FBI had "no intelligence indicating Antifa involvement/presence" in the violent May 31 D.C.-area protests. Two days later, Barr claimed that "[w]e have evidence that antifa and other similar extremist groups, as well as actors of a variety of different political persuasions have been involved in instigating and participating in the violent activity." However, the Trump administration has provided no evidence for its claims and there is no evidence that antifa-aligned individuals played a role in instigating the protests or violence, or that antifa played a significant role in the protests. According to Bray, while "confident that some members of antifa groups have participated in a variety of forms of resistance" during the protests, it is "impossible to ascertain the exact number of people who belong to antifa groups." As of June 9, 2020, none of the 51 people facing federal charges were alleged to have links to antifa. As of September 16, 2020, no antifa or left-wing group has been charged in connection with the civil unrest.

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Antifa (United States). Public reactions In an August 2020 interview, Trump asserted "people that are in the dark shadows" control his Democratic presidential opponent Joe Biden and then claimed that "we had somebody get on a plane from a certain city this weekend, and in the plane it was almost completely loaded with thugs, wearing these dark uniforms, black uniforms, with gear and this and that", adding that "they're people that are on the streets. They're people that are controlling the streets." Antifa activists commonly dress in black. Trump's remarks were similar to false social media rumors during preceding months that planes and buses full of antifa gangs were preparing to invade communities, allegedly funded by George Soros. Two days after Trump's remarks, Barr asserted he knew antifa activists "are flying around the country" and "we are following them". However, there is no evidence of any such flight. According to Reuters, "[l]aw enforcement, intelligence and Congressional officials familiar with official reporting on weeks of protests and related arrests said on Tuesday they were aware of no incidents or reports that would confirm Trump's anecdote."

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Antifa (United States). Public reactions In a September 2020 whistleblower complaint, Brian Murphy, who was the Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Intelligence and Analysis until August 2020, asserted that DHS secretary Chad Wolf and his deputy Ken Cuccinelli instructed him "to modify intelligence assessments to ensure they matched up with the public comments by President Trump on the subject of ANTIFA and 'anarchist' groups." On September 18, 2020, Trump publicly criticized FBI Director Christopher A. Wray and hinted that he could fire him over Wray's testimony about antifa and Russian interference in the 2020 United States elections.

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Antifa (United States). Public reactions On September 25, 2020, the Trump campaign released details on a "Platinum Plan for Black America", under which "Antifa" and the Ku Klux Klan would be prosecuted as terrorist organizations. The plan does not include any mention of other white nationalist organizations or of prosecuting far-right terrorism.

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Antifa (United States). Hoaxes and conspiracy theories Conspiracy theories about antifa that tend to incorrectly portray antifa as a single organization with leaders and secret sources of funding have been spread by right-wing activists, media organizations and politicians, including Trump administration officials and the 2020 Trump campaign.

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Antifa (United States). #PunchWhiteWomen (2017) In August 2017, a #PunchWhiteWomen photo hoax campaign was spread by fake antifa Twitter accounts. Bellingcat researcher Eliot Higgins discovered an image of British actress Anna Friel portraying a battered woman in a 2007 Women's Aid anti-domestic violence campaign that had been re-purposed using fake antifa Twitter accounts organized by way of 4chan. The image is captioned "53% of white women voted for Trump, 53% of white women should look like this" and includes an antifa flag. Another image featuring an injured woman is captioned "She chose to be a Nazi. Choices have consequences" and includes the hashtag #PunchANazi. Higgins remarked to the BBC that "[t]his was a transparent and quite pathetic attempt, but I wouldn't be surprised if white nationalist groups try to mount more sophisticated attacks in the future". A similar fake image circulated on social media after the Unite the Right rally in 2017. The doctored image, actually from a 2009 riot in Athens, was altered to make it look like someone wearing an antifa symbol attacking a policeman with a flag. After the 2017 Las Vegas shooting, similar hoaxes falsely claimed that the shooter was an antifa "member"; another such hoax involved a fake antifa Twitter account praising the shooting. Another high-profile fake antifa account was banned from Twitter after it posted with a geotag originating in Russia. Those fake antifa accounts have been repeatedly reported on as real by right-leaning media outlets.

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Antifa (United States). "Antifa civil war" (2017) In October 2017, a conspiracy theory claiming that antifa groups were planning a violent insurrection or civil war the following month spread on YouTube and was advanced by far-right figures including Alex Jones, Lucian Wintrich, Paul Joseph Watson, and Steven Crowder. The basis for the conspiracy theory was a series of protests against Donald Trump organized by the group Refuse Fascism. The protests passed off as planned without causing significant disruption.

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Antifa (United States). "Antifa Manual" (2017) A fake "Antifa Manual" has circulated online, debunked by Snopes in 2017. According to the ADL, the language used in the document appears designed to sow division and features many statements that do not align with the sentiments of anti-fascist organizers, often clumsily mimicking "left wing" rhetoric. The same images continued to be shared on social media in posts about the 2020 Black Lives Matter protests, including a Twitter post by alt-lite conspiracy theorist Jack Posobiec.

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Antifa (United States). George Floyd protests (2020) During the nationwide George Floyd protests against police brutality and racism in May and June 2020, false claims of impending antifa activity circulated through social media platforms, causing alarm in at least 41 towns and cities. On May 31, 2020, @ANTIFA_US, a newly created Twitter account, attempted to incite violence relating to the protests. The next day, after determining that it was linked to the white nationalist group Identity Evropa, Twitter suspended the fake account. The FBI's Washington Field Office report stated that members of a far-right group on social media had "called for far-right provocateurs to attack federal agents, use automatic weapons against protesters" during the D.C.-area protests over Floyd's murder on May 31, 2020.

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Antifa (United States). George Floyd protests (2020) Conservative news organizations, pro-Trump individuals using social media, and impostor social media accounts propagated false rumors that antifa groups were traveling to small cities, suburbs, and rural communities to instigate unrest during the protests. In May and June 2020, Lara Logan repeatedly promoted hoaxes as part of Fox News' coverage of antifa, including publishing a false document she described as an antifa battle plan and claiming that a joke about juggalos was evidence of a clandestine antifa hierarchy. In an appearance on Fox News's The Ingraham Angle in June 2020, Trump's personal attorney Rudy Giuliani claimed that "Antifa" as well as "Black Lives Matter" and unspecified communists were working together to "do away with our system of courts" and "take your property away and give it to other people", asserting without evidence that they receive significant funding from an outside source. Giuliani had previously criticized George Soros, who has been a frequent target of conspiracy theories, claiming he funded such groups and demonstrations.

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Antifa (United States). George Floyd protests (2020) In June, 2020, the California Highway Patrol's air unit launched a search for "antifa buses" in response to Instagram and Facebook posts showing a van with the slogan "Black Lives Matter" written on it. Later in June 2020, a multiracial family on a camping trip in Forks, Washington, were accused of being antifa activists, harassed and trapped in their campsite when trees were felled to block the road. In Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, groups of armed right-wing vigilantes occupied streets in response to false rumors that antifa activists were planning to travel to the city while similar rumors led to threats being made against activists planning peaceful protests in Sonora, California. In Klamath Falls, Oregon, hundreds of people, most of whom were armed, assembled in response to false rumors that antifa activists would target the city, spread by a commander in the Oregon Air National Guard.

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Antifa (United States). George Floyd protests (2020) In an August 2020 interview, Trump spread a similar conspiracy theory, claiming that "thugs, wearing these dark uniforms, black uniforms, with gear and this and that" had boarded a plane to Washington, D.C. to disrupt the 2020 Republican National Convention. Also in August 2020, a fake antifa website began to redirect users to the Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign website. Although this has been described as "clearly a ploy to associate the Democratic Party with antifa", those on the right seized upon it.

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Antifa (United States). George Floyd protests (2020) A 2021 Department of Homeland Security (DHS) internal report found that senior DHS officials had sought to portray the 2020 protests in Portland, Oregon, without evidence, as an organized effort by antifa to attack government institutions, and had ordered staff to characterize protests as "Violent Antifa Anarchist Inspired".

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Antifa (United States). George Floyd protests (2020) A study by Zignal Labs found that unsubstantiated claims of antifa involvement were one of three dominant themes in misinformation and conspiracy theories around the protests, alongside claims that Floyd's murder had been faked and claims of involvement by George Soros. Some of the opposition to antifa activism has also been artificial in nature. Nafeesa Syeed of Bloomberg News reported that "[t]he most-tweeted link in the Russian-linked network followed by the researchers was a petition to declare Antifa a terrorist group".

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Antifa (United States). Wildfires (2020) As wildfires raged on the West Coast in September 2020, rumors spread on social media that antifa was deliberately setting fires and preparing to loot property that was being evacuated, which local police departments debunked. Some residents refused to evacuate based on the rumors, choosing to defend their homes from the alleged invasions. Authorities pleaded with residents to ignore the false rumors. A firefighters union in Washington state, also debunking these rumors, described Facebook as "an absolute cesspool of misinformation" on the topic. Prominent promoters of the unfounded rumors included adherents of the QAnon conspiracy theory. One false claim that six antifa activists had been arrested for setting fires was specifically amplified by "Q", i.e. "the anonymous person or people behind QAnon". QAnon had for months been organizing "digital soldiers" on social media and internet message boards to wage information warfare to influence the 2020 United States elections.

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Antifa (United States). Capitol attack (2021) Immediately after the 2021 storming of the United States Capitol, a false claim that it was a false flag operation staged by antifa to implicate Trump supporters was spread by a number of Trump loyalists including Representative Mo Brooks, Mark Burns, Lou Dobbs, California State Senate minority leader Shannon Grove, Laura Ingraham, Mike Lindell, former Governor of Alaska Sarah Palin, Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton, actor Kevin Sorbo, Eric Trump and L. Lin Wood. The conspiracy theory began on 4chan and similar websites before spreading to more mainstream conservative news sites. Representative Paul Gosar was the first member of Congress to claim that people associated with antifa were responsible for the attack. During Trump's second impeachment trial, his attorney Michael van der Veen falsely asserted on the Senate floor that after the storming of the Capitol, "One of the first people arrested was the leader of antifa."

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Antifa (United States). Capitol attack (2021) In posts on Parler, a social networking service used primarily by the far right, leaders of the Proud Boys had disclosed plans to attend the rally wearing "all black" clothing associated with antifa activists and arrive "incognito" in an apparent effort to shift blame for any violence on antifa. Photojournalist and left-wing activist John Sullivan, was wrongly accused of 'inciting' the riots.

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Antifa (United States). Capitol attack (2021) A false claim that the products of a Facial recognition company XRVision had identified participants in the incursion as antifa activists originated in a report by Rowan Scarborough published in The Washington Times, and was promoted by Fox News host Laura Ingraham and Representative Matt Gaetz, going viral among Trump supporters. The company described Gaetz's claims as "completely false." The Washington Times retracted the story hours after it was published. Similar baseless accusations of antifa false flag operations had circulated among Trump supporters since 2017. Steve Benen of MSNBC described the claims of Gosar, Gaetz and others as "stark raving mad" and indicative of cognitive dissonance, noting that the far-right rioters did not attempt to conceal their identities or allegiances and were subsequently praised by Trump.

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Antifa (United States). Capitol attack (2021) Some far-right people, hailed the attack as a great achievement and said that others on the far-right should proudly "own it". Some of the participants in the riot, including some who were later arrested and charged, were reportedly upset that the events were not being attributed to them. Users of the right-wing social media site TheDonald.win were angered by the claims that antifa were responsible for storming the Capitol, with one post stating: "It's sickening seeing people give Antifa the glory of fed-up Americans." The FBI said there was no evidence of antifa involvement in the mob incursion. Five months after the attack, television commentator Tucker Carlson suggested that the FBI itself could have secretly perpetrated it. The claim originated in a June 14 article published by right-wing website Revolver News.

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Antifa (United States). Capitol attack (2021) Although it was repeatedly debunked, the disinformation campaign effectively spread the falsehood, which was promoted by, among others, Republican Senator Ron Johnson. A poll released in February 2021 by the American Enterprise Institute found that 30% of Americans (including 50% of Republicans and 20% of Democrats) believe antifa was mostly responsible for the violence that happened in the riots at the U.S. Capitol. A Suffolk University/USA Today poll released in late February 2021 showed 58 percent of Trump voters believe the event was "mostly an antifa-inspired attack". An Ipsos/Reuters poll released in May 2021 showed that 54% of Republicans believed that the attack "was led by violent left-wing protestors trying to make Trump look bad."

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Antifa (United States). Analyses and studies Questions on how effective antifa is and whether it is a reasonable response have been raised and discussed by news media.

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Antifa (United States). Capitol attack (2021) In relation to the events of the Unite the Right rally, a 2018 study conducted by professor of criminology Gary LaFree on the link between antifa and terrorism concluded that "while the events share many characteristics of terrorist attacks", the actions by antifa supporters during this event "do not include all of the elements of terrorism required by the GTD". Whereas it fulfilled the requirements of an action led by "sub-national actors" with "violence or threat of violence", it lacked in particular the "intentionality of the incident", that is the "result of a conscious calculation on the part of the perpetrators." LaFree also questioned "whether antifa can be considered to constitute a 'group' at this point in time" and stressed "how complicated it is to distinguish terrorism from other forms of illegal violence" such as those by antifa supporters.

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Antifa (United States). Capitol attack (2021) In June 2020, the think tank Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) assembled a database of 893 terrorism incidents in the United States beginning in 1994. An analysis of the database conducted by The Guardian in July 2020 found no murders linked to antifa or anti-fascism since 1994. According to The Guardian, the only death resulting from an anti-fascist attack recorded in the database was that of Willem van Spronsen, who was shot dead by police while allegedly firebombing a U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) detention center in Tacoma, Washington. In contrast, the study highlighted the fact that 329 people were killed by American white supremacists or other right-wing extremists during the same period. The Guardian quoted Heidi Beirich, a co-founder of the Global Project Against Hate and Extremism, as saying that "Antifa is not going around murdering people like rightwing extremists are. It's a false equivalence. I've at times been critical of antifa for getting into fights with Nazis at rallies and that kind of violence, but I can't think of one case in which an antifa person was accused of murder." Seth Jones, a counter-terrorism expert who led the creation of the CSIS's database, told The Guardian that "[l]eftwing violence has not been a major terrorism threat" and that "the most significant domestic terrorism threat comes from white supremacists, anti-government militias and a handful of individuals associated with the 'boogaloo' movement that are attempting to create a civil war in the United States."

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Antifa (United States). Capitol attack (2021) The CSIS database was updated in October 2020 to include the suspected killing of Aaron Danielson by Michael Reinoehl. In September 2020, when the investigation was still ongoing, Brian Levin said that if Reinoehl was implicated, it would mark the first case in recent history of an antifa supporter being charged with homicide. Reinoehl was charged by Portland police with second-degree murder.

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Antifa (United States). Capitol attack (2021) A September 2020 report by the Network Contagion Research Institute and researchers at Rutgers University found that some left-wing movements, including antifa, associated in "fringe online forums", posted dehumanizing memes about police, used violent rhetoric and coordinated riot activity. Voice of America, a US state-owned radio broadcaster, summarized the report as stating that "far-left movements such as antifa, while decentralized and seen as less lethal than their counterparts on the far right, are just as capable of turning peaceful protests into violent confrontations with law enforcement". According to Voice of America, "the Justice Department has not charged any left-wing groups in connection with the civil unrest, and extremism experts say while the threat of violence from antifa is real, organized groups on the far right pose a greater threat of violence." Josh Lipowsky, a senior research analyst with the Counter Extremism Project, stated that "the decentralized antifa movement poses a lesser threat than the better organized groups on the far right."

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Antifa (United States). See also Anarchism and violence Autonomism Diversity of tactics

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Antifa (United States). Anarchism in the United States Anti-capitalism Anti-fascism in the United States Anti-racism in the United States Communism in the United States Far-left politics in the United States Left-wing politics in the United States Political movements in the United States Politics and race in the United States Political violence in the United States Riots and civil disorder in the United States Socialism in the United States

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Carrigadrohid hydroelectric power station

Carrigadrohid hydroelectric power station. Carrigadrohid hydroelectric power station is a hydroelectric plant located on the River Lee in County Cork, Ireland. It is owned and operated by the ESB Group. The dam is long and has a single Kaplan turbine which produces an average of each year. Built between 1952 and 1957. the construction of Carrigadrohid required the destruction of over half of the Gearagh, an ancient alluvial forest, and initially harmed local wildlife. However, subsequently the area has seen the growth of an ecosystem with kingfishers, otters, salmon and swans, which has been designated European Union Special Area of Conservation.

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Carrigadrohid hydroelectric power station

Carrigadrohid hydroelectric power station. Construction The Carrigadrohid hydroelectric plant, along with its sister plant constructed downstream on the River Lee at Inniscarra, formed the fourth major hydroelectric development undertaken by ESB. Construction of the reinforced concrete gravity dam started in 1952 and was complete in 1957. The dam is long and high, and operates with an average head of . It is constructed of nine blocks, each between in length, and is fitted with three ground sluices and a spillway weir.

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Carrigadrohid hydroelectric power station

Carrigadrohid hydroelectric power station. Generating capacity The plant consists of a single Kaplan turbine rated at manufactured by Voith. It spins at 167 r.p.m. and feeds a single 11,500 kVA Siemens generator running at 10.5 kV. The average output for the station is a year.

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Carrigadrohid hydroelectric power station

Carrigadrohid hydroelectric power station. Impact on flooding According to Cawley et al, the construction of this dam and the one at Inniscarra "have reduced significantly the extent and frequency of flooding along the Lee valley into Cork City". Prior to the construction, there were a number of fatal floodings in the city of Cork, including one on 2 November 1853 that killed 12 people.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrigadrohid%20hydroelectric%20power%20station

Carrigadrohid hydroelectric power station

Carrigadrohid hydroelectric power station. Impact on wildlife As part of the construction of the reservoir to power the plant, 60% of the Gearagh, an ancient alluvial forest, was flooded. The stocks of animals like trout, otters, eels and freshwater pearl mussels were also negatively impacted by the construction. Many species, including freshwater pearl mussels, Atlantic salmon, whooper swans, common kingfishers and Eurasian otters, can still be seen in the area and the reservoir has been designated a European Union Special Area of Conservation. There is a salmon hatchery where over a million smolts are reared every year, of which over 100,000 are released into the river.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene%20Blackmon%20Jr.

Eugene Blackmon Jr.

Eugene Blackmon Jr.. Eugene Blackmon Jr. was a Chicago firefighter and scuba diver, who died in the course of duty, on May 19, 1998. On July 31, 2017, the Chicago Fire Department named a new fireboat the Eugene Blackmon, in his honor.

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Eugene Blackmon Jr.

Eugene Blackmon Jr.. Early life Blackmon was born in Chicago, and grew up on Chicago's south side. He attended Harlan High School, Chicago State University, and qualified to work as a lifeguard and a scuba instructor.

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Eugene Blackmon Jr.

Eugene Blackmon Jr.. Career Prior to joining the Chicago Fire Department, in 1987, Blackmon had worked for several years as a lifeguard, and later was a bus driver for the Chicago Transit Authority.

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Eugene Blackmon Jr.

Eugene Blackmon Jr.. Death After a man was reported to have accidentally entered the Little Calumet River, and another man disappeared, after diving in, in a rescue attempt, Blackmon and three other Fire Department divers were assigned to look for them.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene%20Blackmon%20Jr.

Eugene Blackmon Jr.

Eugene Blackmon Jr.. During his third dive Blackmon surfaced, with his equipment askew. Colleagues weren't able to immediately retrieve him. When he was retrieved he had been submerged for ten minutes, after being airlifted to a nearby hospital he was pronounced dead on arrival.

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Eugene Blackmon Jr.

Eugene Blackmon Jr.. Legacy The Chicago Fire Department created an annual award in Blackmon's name, given to firefighter candidates who were perceived to have shown leadership.

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Eugene Blackmon Jr.

Eugene Blackmon Jr.. On July 31, 2017, Blackmon's family participated in the christening of new fireboat, named after Blackmon.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine%20Bleau

Madeleine Bleau

Madeleine Bleau. Madeleine Bleau (October 22, 1928 – July 11, 2014) was a Canadian politician. She represented Groulx in the National Assembly of Quebec from 1985 to 1994 as a Liberal.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine%20Bleau

Madeleine Bleau

Madeleine Bleau. The daughter of Charles-Eugène Lavallée and Marie-Anne Lemieux, she was born Madeleine Lavallée in Montreal and was educated at the Collège Viauville de Montréal and the Collège Jésus-Marie de Saint-Barthélémy. From 1947 to 1950, she worked in the office of the newspaper La Presse in Montreal. Bleau founded the parent teacher association for the Bois-des-Filion school board and served as its president from 1967 to 1970. From 1974 to 1977, she served on the municipal council for Bois-des-Filion. She was secretary for the No committee in the 1980 Quebec referendum. From 1981 to 1985, she was president of the executive for the Liberal Party in Groulx.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine%20Bleau

Madeleine Bleau

Madeleine Bleau. She married Jean Bleau. She was elected to the Quebec assembly in 1985, defeating Parti Québécois incumbent Élie Fallu, and was reelected in 1989; she did not run for reelection in 1994. From 1989 to 1994, she served as deputy government whip.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine%20Bleau

Madeleine Bleau

Madeleine Bleau. She married Jean Bleau. After retiring from politics, she served as president of the financing campaign and then as a member of the administrative council for the foundation supporting the Centre hospitalier de soins de longue durée (CHSLD) Drapeau Deschambault in Sainte-Thérèse.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam%20Amandi

Adam Amandi

Adam Amandi. Adam Amandi (1926-2006) was an Educationist, Farmer, Environmentalist and Ghanaian politician. He was a three-time Member of Parliament (1954, 1957, 1969), and a senior member of the Busia Administration. He was a true blue, blue blooded founding member of the Northern People's Party and the New Patriotic Party.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam%20Amandi

Adam Amandi

Adam Amandi. Early life and education Adam was born in 1926, into the Royal Family of Bawku, Mamprugu. A town in the Upper Region of Ghana. Adam was the grand son of the 8th Bawku Naa, Mahamma II—-Zangina, during whose reign the Union Jack—a symbol of British Authority Overseas—was first hoisted in front of his Palace, between 1907 and 1909.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam%20Amandi

Adam Amandi

Adam Amandi. Adam, was a Renowned avid reader, and a history buff. He attended Government Teacher's Training College, Pusiga, now called Gbewaa College of Education where he obtained a Teachers' Training Certificate Degree in teaching. He further went to Government Teacher Training College Tamale(now called Tamale College of Education) where he obtained Diploma in English.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam%20Amandi

Adam Amandi

Adam Amandi. Politics Adam was a member of the ruling Progress Party when he became member of the Parliament in October 1969. During the same time, he was also appointed minister of state between 1969 and 1972. He had earlier served in the Parliament in 1954 and 1957.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam%20Amandi

Adam Amandi

Adam Amandi. Personal life Adam was a Muslim. He was married with one wife, fourteen children and twenty three grandchildren

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Adam Amandi

Adam Amandi. Death He died on 21 February 2006 after a short illness at the age of 92.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amelia%20%281796%20ship%29

Amelia (1796 ship)

Amelia (1796 ship). Amelia was a ship of 1,000 or 1,400 tons (bm), built at Demaun. In 1796 the British East India Company (EIC) engaged her in India to carry rice from Bengal to Britain for the account of the British government, which was importing grain to address high prices for wheat in Britain following a poor harvest.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amelia%20%281796%20ship%29

Amelia (1796 ship)

Amelia (1796 ship). As Amelia approached Britain a French squadron captured her. By some reports the capture took place in the Bay of Biscay. However, Lloyd's List reported that a squadron of French frigates had captured an East Indiaman, "supposed to be the Amelia, from Bengal", with a cargo of rice and sugar. The capture apparently took place off the Western Isles, and the captors sent their prize into Corunna. The next issue of Lloyd's List confirmed that Amelia had been sent into Corunna, and identified her master as "Crawford".

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amelia%20%281796%20ship%29

Amelia (1796 ship)

Amelia (1796 ship). The EIC charged the loss of the cargo to "his Majesty's Government".

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amelia%20%281796%20ship%29

Amelia (1796 ship)

Amelia (1796 ship). Reportedly, a Bombay house later purchased Amelia and sold her to the Portuguese at Macao.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amelia%20%281796%20ship%29

Amelia (1796 ship)

Amelia (1796 ship). References Hackman, Rowan (2001) Ships of the East India Company. (Gravesend, Kent: World Ship Society). Phipps, John, (of the Master Attendant's Office, Calcutta), (1840) A Collection of Papers Relative to Ship Building in India ...: Also a Register Comprehending All the Ships ... Built in India to the Present Time .... (Scott). Report from the Select Committee of the House of Commons appointed to enquire into the present state of the affairs of the East India Company, together with the minutes of evidence, an appendix of documents, and a general index, (1830).

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amelia%20%281796%20ship%29

Amelia (1796 ship)

Amelia (1796 ship). 1790s ships British ships built in India Ships of the British East India Company Captured ships Merchant ships of the United Kingdom Age of Sail merchant ships

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982%20Avon%20Championships%20of%20Kansas

1982 Avon Championships of Kansas

1982 Avon Championships of Kansas. The 1982 Avon Championships of Kansas was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Municipal Auditorium in Kansas City, Missouri in the United States that was part of the 1982 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. It was the fourth edition of the tournament and was held from February 8 through February 14, 1982. First-seeded Martina Navratilova won the singles title and earned $22,000 first-prize money.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982%20Avon%20Championships%20of%20Kansas

1982 Avon Championships of Kansas

1982 Avon Championships of Kansas. Singles Martina Navratilova defeated Barbara Potter 6–2, 6–2 It was Navratilova's 4th singles title of the year and the 59th of her career.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982%20Avon%20Championships%20of%20Kansas

1982 Avon Championships of Kansas

1982 Avon Championships of Kansas. Doubles Barbara Potter / Sharon Walsh defeated Mary Lou Piatek / Anne Smith 4–6, 6–2, 6–2

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%20dwarf%20rasbora

Red dwarf rasbora

Red dwarf rasbora. Red dwarf rasbora (Microrasbora rubescens) is a species of cyprinid found endemic to Lake Inle in Shan State in Myanmar. It belongs to the genus Microrasbora, which contains two small species of danionins.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%20dwarf%20rasbora

Red dwarf rasbora

Red dwarf rasbora. Description The dwarf red rasbora reaches up to in length. Its meristics are that there are 2 spines and 6-7 soft rays in the dorsal fin and 3 spines and 10-12 soft rays in the anal fin. The females are less instensly coloured than the males and are larger and have a much deeper body.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%20dwarf%20rasbora

Red dwarf rasbora

Red dwarf rasbora. Habitat The dwarf red rasbora is endemic to Lake Inle which is situated in a valley where the rocks form a karst and which lies 900m above sea level in the Shan Plateau region of Shan State. Within the lake this species can be found in the midwater and in the marginal waters of Lake Inle where it is associated with submerged vegetation and forms large schools.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%20dwarf%20rasbora

Red dwarf rasbora

Red dwarf rasbora. Conservation The red dwarf rasbora is exploited for the aquarium trade and it is thought this may have some impact on the population. It is also threatened by the introduction of exotic fish species to the lake, particularly Parambassis and Tilapia species, which act as both predators on and competitors with the red dwarf rasbora. In addition the lake has been polluted from a number of sources, especially from the growing human population in settlements around the lake, while sedimentation and agricultural runoff enters the lake from its drainage basin. The invasive water hyacinth has covered large areas of the lake and this has reduced the area of open water in the lake, this effect being exacerbated by water abstraction and sedimentation.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangok%20Mathiang

Mangok Mathiang

Mangok Mathiang. Mangok Mathiang (born 8 October 1992 in Juba, Sudan) is a South Sudanese-Australian professional basketball player who last played for Cedevita Olimpija of the ABA League. He played college basketball for the University of Louisville.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangok%20Mathiang

Mangok Mathiang

Mangok Mathiang. Early life and high school career Mathiang was born in Juba under what is now South Sudan. At the age of five, he, his mother and five siblings fled the war-torn Sudan and moved to Egypt to set up a move to Australia. His father, Alfret, decided to stay behind in Sudan. Mathiang and the rest of his family arrived in Sydney with extended family members when he was seven years old before moving to Melbourne a year later. Until he was sixteen years old, Mathiang played Australian rules football for Emmanuel College in Altona North. However, due to him being 1.98m tall, he was encouraged to start playing basketball instead, moving to the United States of America with his friend, Ran Tut, to achieve that goal.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangok%20Mathiang

Mangok Mathiang

Mangok Mathiang. During his junior year of high school, he played basketball for Brehm Preparatory School in Carbondale, Illinois. After that, Mathiang moved out to Bradenton, Florida to play his senior season at the IMG Academy. In his senior season, he averaged 14 points, 10 rebounds, and 4 blocks per game as he helped the IMG Academy get themselves a 28-2 record and become one of 11 players from the team that year to earn scholarships to NCAA teams. While Mathiang also received offers from Kansas State University, University of Georgia, Mississippi State University, Auburn University, and Central Michigan University, he ultimately chose to go to the University of Louisville for the people there.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangok%20Mathiang

Mangok Mathiang

Mangok Mathiang. College career He originally was with the Louisville Cardinals during the 2012-13 season, but due to NCAA regulations relating to international players like Mathaing, he was forced to sit out his first season with the team. Despite that, he still traveled and trained with the team throughout the season, all the way into the 2013 NCAA Championship Game, where the Cardinals would win their 3rd NCAA Tournament. Throughout his NCAA career, Mathiang mostly played as a bench reserve, with him usually alternating spots as a starter at times for Louisville. During his junior season, he would be limited to playing in only 10 games total for them due to an injury that would sideline him for the majority of that season. As a result of when the injury came about, he would not be deemed eligible for another redshirt season that year. His best season would be in his senior year with Louisville, where he would average 7.8 points and 6.0 rebounds in 20.8 minutes of action per game in 33 games played.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangok%20Mathiang

Mangok Mathiang

Mangok Mathiang. Charlotte Hornets (Greensboro Swarm) After going undrafted in the 2017 NBA Draft, Mathiang played for the Charlotte Hornets during the 2017 NBA Summer League. In the five games played for the Hornets during the Orlando Summer League, he averaged 4.4 points and 5.0 rebounds in 17.2 minutes per game for the team off the bench. On 2 August 2017, Mathiang signed a two-way contract with the Charlotte Hornets, the same team he played with during the Summer League. Under the terms of the deal, he and fellow two-way affiliate Marcus Paige will split time with the Hornets and their G-League affiliate, the Greensboro Swarm. Mathiang made his professional, NBA debut on 25 October 2017 against the Denver Nuggets. In three minutes of play, he would record two rebounds in Charlotte's 110–93 win over the Nuggets. Mathiang posted 10.8 points, 9.2 rebounds and 1.4 blocks per game for the Swarm. He was waived by the Hornets on 15 August 2018.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangok%20Mathiang

Mangok Mathiang

Mangok Mathiang. Guerino Vanoli Basket On 22 August 2018, Mathiang signed with Vanoli Cremona of the Lega Basket Serie A. Cremona went to win its first Italian Cup ever by beating New Basket Brindisi 83–74 in the Finals.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangok%20Mathiang

Mangok Mathiang

Mangok Mathiang. Bahçeşehir Koleji On 11 July 2019, Mathiang signed with Bahçeşehir Koleji of the Turkish Basketbol Süper Ligi (BSL). He averaged 12.7 points and 10.6 rebounds per game.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangok%20Mathiang

Mangok Mathiang

Mangok Mathiang. Cedevita Olimpija On 10 July 2020, Mathiang signed with Cedevita Olimpija of the ABA League. It was announced on 21 September that Mathiang would miss at least six months after sustaining a right leg injury in practice that required surgery.

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Mangok Mathiang

Mangok Mathiang. National team career Mathiang made his debut for the Australian national team in a 2019 FIBA World Cup qualifying match against Kazakhstan.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangok%20Mathiang

Mangok Mathiang

Mangok Mathiang. Personal life Mathiang is the middle child of his family, which includes four sisters and one brother. His mother, Grace, helped her children survive their journeys through Egypt and Australia during the Second Sudanese Civil War. His father, Alfret, stayed behind in Sudan during the event, and Mangok hopes to see him again.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangok%20Mathiang

Mangok Mathiang

Mangok Mathiang. 1992 births Living people Australian expatriate basketball people in Italy Australian expatriate basketball people in the United States Australian men's basketball players Bahçeşehir Koleji S.K. players Basketball players from Melbourne Centers (basketball) Charlotte Hornets players Greensboro Swarm players Lega Basket Serie A players Louisville Cardinals men's basketball players National Basketball Association players from Australia People from Juba Power forwards (basketball) South Sudanese emigrants to Australia South Sudanese expatriate sportspeople in the United States South Sudanese men's basketball players Undrafted National Basketball Association players Vanoli Cremona players

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th%20Motorized%20Infantry%20Division%20%28People%27s%20Republic%20of%20China%29

8th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China)

8th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China). The 1st Cavalry Division () was a division of the People's Liberation Army. It was created in March 1949 under the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army, issued by Central Military Commission on November 1, 1948, basing on Cavalry Brigade of Jinsui Military District. Its history can be traced to Cavalry Brigade of Shanganning-Jinsui Coalition Army formed in 1942.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th%20Motorized%20Infantry%20Division%20%28People%27s%20Republic%20of%20China%29

8th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China)

8th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China). The division was a part of 8th Corps. The division took part in the Chinese Civil War, including the Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Northwestern China.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th%20Motorized%20Infantry%20Division%20%28People%27s%20Republic%20of%20China%29

8th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China)

8th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China). In June 1952, the division absorbed 3rd Cavalry Division and the Cavalry Regiment of Henan Military District.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th%20Motorized%20Infantry%20Division%20%28People%27s%20Republic%20of%20China%29

8th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China)

8th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China). In August 1962 the division moved to Yecheng, Xinjiang. From January 1963 the division was transferred to Xinjiang Military Region's control.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th%20Motorized%20Infantry%20Division%20%28People%27s%20Republic%20of%20China%29

8th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China)

8th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China). The division was then composed of: 1st Cavalry Regiment; 2nd Cavalry Regiment; 3rd Cavalry Regiment; Artillery Battalion.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th%20Motorized%20Infantry%20Division%20%28People%27s%20Republic%20of%20China%29

8th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China)

8th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China). In August 1964, the division was converted to a southern division, catalogue B: 1st and 2nd Cavalry Regiments were reorganized as infantry regiments, retaining their designations; 3rd Cavalry Regiment maintained as a cavalry unit; Artillery Battalion, 1st Cavalry Division was expanded to Artillery Regiment, 1st Cavalry Division.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th%20Motorized%20Infantry%20Division%20%28People%27s%20Republic%20of%20China%29

8th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China)

8th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China). In October 1969, the division was renamed as the 8th Army Division (), and all its regiments were redesignated as follow: 22nd Infantry Regiment (former 1st Cavalry); 23rd Infantry Regiment (former 2nd Cavalry); 24th Infantry Regiment (former 3rd Cavalry); Artillery Regiment.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th%20Motorized%20Infantry%20Division%20%28People%27s%20Republic%20of%20China%29

8th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China)

8th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China). In November 1985, the division was renamed as the 8th Motorized Infantry Division (), as a northern motorized infantry division, catalogue A. The division was then composed of: 22nd Motorized Infantry Regiment; 23rd Motorized Infantry Regiment; 24th Motorized Infantry Regiment; Artillery Regiment; Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment (former 663rd Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment of 73rd Artillery Division). The division also administratively controlled the 12th Garrison Regiment of Lanzhou Military Region, which was later disbanded in October 1992.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th%20Motorized%20Infantry%20Division%20%28People%27s%20Republic%20of%20China%29

8th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China)

8th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China). From September 1985 to October 1986, Reconnaissance Company, 11th Army Division (Motorized Infantry Division) took part in the Battle of Laoshan as a part of 5th Reconnaissance Group. The company earned the honorific title of Heroic Reconnaissance Company awarded by the Chengdu Military Region.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th%20Motorized%20Infantry%20Division%20%28People%27s%20Republic%20of%20China%29

8th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China)

8th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China). In December 1989, Tank Regiment, 11th Motorized Infantry Division was activated. In 1998, the regiment was renamed as Armored Regiment, 11th Motorized Infantry Division.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th%20Motorized%20Infantry%20Division%20%28People%27s%20Republic%20of%20China%29

8th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China)

8th Motorized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China). In 2003 the 23rd Motorized Infantry Regiment was disbanded. Since then the division is composed of: 22nd Motorized Infantry Regiment; 24th Motorized Infantry Regiment; Armored Regiment; Artillery Regiment; Anti-Aircraft Regiment.