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In the conflict resolution course I am currently teaching, forgiveness features as an empowering strategy to deal with conflict and reduce emotional and physical distress.
The following two quotes by Gautama Buddha highlight the negative effects of holding grudges:
- “Holding onto anger is like drinking poison and expecting the other person to die.”
- “Holding on to anger is like grasping a hot coal with the intent of throwing it at someone else; you are the one who gets burned.”
Most of us know that holding grudges and being reluctant to let go of anger is detrimental to our well-being as it takes up a lot of energy to maintain resentment towards others. On top of that previous studies have shown that holding grudges also harms our physiological health.
Dutch Researchers Witvliet, Ludwig and Vander Laan (2001) found that empathic perspective taking and forgiving thoughts towards real-life offenders prompted greater perceived control and comparatively lower physiological stress responses. Similarly, it was found that forgiveness had beneficial effects on cardiovascular health (Lawler-Row, Karremans, Scott, Edlis-Matityahou, & Edwards, 2008). Forgiveness resulted in significantly fewer medications and less alcohol use, lower blood pressure and heart rate above and beyond the effects of just releasing anger. Forgiveness may also help lower pain in chronic pain sufferers. Correlational analyses showed that patients who had higher scores on forgiveness-related variables reported lower levels of pain, anger, and psychological distress (Carson, Keefe,Goli, Fras, Lynch, Thorp, & Buechler, 2005).
As David Whyte said “All intimate relationships—close friendships and good marriages—are based on continued and mutual forgiveness. You will always trespass upon your friend’s sensibilities at one time or another, or your spouse’s. The only question is, Will you forgive the other person? And more importantly, Will you forgive yourself?”
So what does it take for us to forgive and what holds us back?
- Is it pride?
- Not wanting to deal with uncomfortable feelings?
- Not having to look within?
- Is it to you to be right instead of resolving a conflict?
Forgiving someone who has truly hurt or upset you is easier said then done. But considering the harming effect holding onto anger has on your physical and emotional health you may realise that there are no benefits to refraining from letting go.
Forgiving does not mean that you are condoning the other person’s harming behaviour towards you but it puts the control back with you and enables you to step out of the victim’s role. As Deutsch (2014) states: “Nursing hate keeps the injury alive and active in the present, instead of permitting it to take its proper place in the past” (p. 49).
Steps you can take:
- Accepting what has happened and that it cannot be undone.
- Acknowledge your hurt, anger or any underlying feeling that has been triggered within you.
- Express your feelings through journal writing, drawing or talking to a friend or counselor.
When you are ready and it is an unjust but safe situation speak to the person who has offended you. Try to use I-statements to inform the other person that their behaviour has caused you anger or pain.
If you can, emphasize with the other person and where they were coming from. That doesn’t mean you are justifying their behaviour but it may help you understand it. (Having said that there are transgressions where forgiveness is unrealistic and may put survivors at risk. In these situations it is more appropriate to find ways of drawing a line over the event so it no longer takes up most of their energy.)
Consciously choosing to forgive also doesn’t mean that you are trusting the person who offended you again or waiting for an apology because you may never get it. When you’re waiting for someone else to act, you are giving away your power and sense of control. Letting go of the grudge is about looking after your own health and well-being. Forgiving releases anger, pain, resentment and thoughts of revenge that keep you stuck in the past.
Carson, J. W., Keefe, F. J., Goli, V., Fras, A. M., Lynch, T. R., Thorp, S. R., & Buechler, J. L. (2005). Forgiveness and chronic low back pain: A preliminary study examining the relationship of forgiveness to pain, anger, and psychological distress. The Journal of Pain, 6(2), 84-91.
Deutsch, M., Coleman, P. T. & Marcus. E. C. (eds.) (2014). Handbook of conflict resolution: Theory and practice. (3rd edn.). San Francisco, CA: John Wiley.
Witvliet, C. V. O., Ludwig, T. E., & Vander Laan, K. L. (2001). Granting forgiveness or harboring grudges: Implications for emotion, physiology, and health. Psychological Science, 12(2), 117-123.
Lawler-Row, K. A., Karremans, J. C., Scott, C., Edlis-Matityahou, M., & Edwards, L. (2008). Forgiveness, physiological reactivity and health: The role of anger. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 68(1), 51-58.
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Aluminum composite panel is a composite material of the surface of the coated aluminum sheet which is chemically treated with polyethylene plastic as the core material, and then processed on professional production equipment.Mirror aluminum composite panels are a special surface treatment in aluminium composite panels. There are generally two surface treatment methods, one is the more common coating treatment, and the other is anodizing.
The coating treatment refers to coating various decorative coatings on the surface of the aluminum sheet 3mm, and the fluorocarbon and polyester coatings are commonly used for coating the decorative aluminium composite panel.Mainly including metallic, pearlescent, matt and high glossy colors, it has a decorative effect and is the most common variety in the market.
Anodizing refers to the plating of a layer of dense alumina on the surface of aluminum and aluminum alloys to prevent further oxidation, the chemical properties of which are the same as alumina. However, unlike ordinary oxide films, anodized aluminum can be dyed by electrolytic coloring.
Anodizing can significantly improve the corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy, improve the surface hardness and wear resistance of aluminum alloy, and have good decorative properties after proper coloring treatment.Aluminum and its alloy anodized film coloring technology can be divided into three types:
1. Chemical dyeing uses the porosity and chemical activity of the oxide film layer to adsorb various pigments to color the oxide film. According to the coloring mechanism and process, it can be divided into organic dye coloring, inorganic dye coloring, color paste printing, color dyeing and achromatic dyeing and so on.
2.Electrolytic coloring is an alternating electrolysis of aluminum and its alloy in an aqueous solution containing a metal salt to deposit a metal, a metal oxide or a metal compound at the bottom of the porous layer of the oxide film due to the scattering effect of the electrodeposit on the light, it present a variety of colors.
3.Electrolytic overall coloring means that aluminum and its alloys are colored while anodizing, which is characterized by oxidation and coloring in one step, and the colored film has good light resistance, heat resistance, corrosion resistance and abrasion resistance.
Gold/silver mirror aluminum composite panels are very commonly used in interior and exterior wall decoration, and can also be used in different colors according to customer requirements.
|Panel Thickness||3mm, 4mm, 5mm|
|Panel Width||1220mm, 1250mm, 1500mm|
|Panel Length||2440mm, 3000mm, 5000mm|
1.Ultra high peel strength
Using advanced technology and raw materials, the key technical index of aluminum composite panel — peeling strength, has been improved to an excellent state, exceeding the national standard by more than 50%, ranking the leading domestic level. At the same time, the flatness of the aluminum plastic composite panel is correspondingly improved.
3mm composite panel is subjected to high-temperature compounding, has high impact resistance, high toughness, and is not damaged by the topcoat. In the areas where the wind and sand climate is more common, there is no damage caused by sandstorm.
3.Lightweight and easy to process
The weight of 3mm aluminium composite panel is between 3.5-5.6kg per square meter, which can alleviate the hazard of earthquake disasters and is easy to handle. Its superior and convenient and quick construction can cooperate with designers to make various shapes and reduce construction costs.
Mirror aluminium composite panels can be divided into many specifications according to their application. Different specifications have different prices. Generally, the interior use 3mm, the exterior use 4mm, and the aluminum thickness is at least 0.3 mm. The price of gold mirror and silver mirror is different, if you need More detailed price lists can be contacted or online, we will provide you with the latest price list.
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Efforts to track the rate of lifetime sexual abuse and assault in childhood need to include the full inventory for 17-year-olds, break down findings between juvenile and adult perpetrators, and make clear when they are including both kinds of perpetrators in their definition of sexual abuse. (Full-text access is time limited.)
Parents and their adolescent sons generally support vaccinating boys in school vaccination programs. Programs should adopt flexible approaches to address the desires of parents and the changing needs of adolescents as they mature. (Full-text access is time limited.)
Many adolescents triaged as nonurgent nonetheless reported presenting to the emergency department (ED) instead of to their primary care provider's (PCP) office due to perceived acute illness or PCP referral. Education about appropriate use of medical services and ED referrals could improve adolescent health care. (Full-text access is time limited.)
Among 15- to 20-year-old women, broad counseling on the three combined hormonal contraceptives (pill, patch and ring) helped undecided women to find a method and greatly influenced the decision pattern of adolescents. (Full-text access is time limited.)
Data from the 1999 to 2009 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey revealed that young adults with asthma were less likely than teens with the condition to have a usual source of care or a primary care visit within the past year. Harvard University researchers also noted lower prescription fill rates for short-acting beta-agonist agents and more emergency department visits among young adult patients compared with teens. The findings appear in the journal Pediatrics.
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Learning at GSPS is so much fun when kids think they are playing. They are actually developing and learning skills. During this time the main objective of the curriculum is to develop a sense of openness towards the world of reinforce and innate sense of discovery.
Children learn to interact with their peers. Follow and concentrate on one particular activity for a period of time, thus widening their span of attention.
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Men and women of all ages are told that 30 minutes of moderate activity is important.
This includes elderly adults. The problem is that arthritis and other chronic health conditions can make it hard to exercise. While those 30 minutes are still recommended, there’s good news. The British Journal of Sports Medicine released the results of a 10-year study that found light exercise like gardening is also beneficial.
This study involved more than 88,000 participants between the ages of 40 and 85. The participants involved themselves in a preferred activity for at least 10 minutes each week. For those that kept that goal, the risk of mortality declined by 18 percent. The more time invested in the activity, the better the decline.
The goal still should be at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise each day. If your parent doesn’t walk far, however, gardening is a great alternative. Here are some of the ways gardening helps your parent stay healthy.
The Physical Health Benefits of Gardening
There is a lot to gain from gardening. Fresh fruits and vegetables are only one way that gardening benefits men and women. A diet high in produce is best at preventing chronic health conditions.
Bending over to pull weeds, plant seeds, and thin crops can stretch and tone the muscles in the back, arms, and legs. Digging holes and turning over soil with a shovel works out the arms, shoulders, and legs. Even pushing a wheelbarrow helps to tone the arm, shoulder, and leg muscles.
The Mental Health Benefits of Gardening
Being outside in nature has been proven to improve mood, lower the risk of depression, and help ease stress. A study found that just 20 minutes a day helped lower rates of cortisol, a stress hormone.
You don’t want your parent spending too much time in the direct sunlight. That increases the risk of skin cancer. You can have your parent liberally apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen over any exposed skin. Your mom or dad should also wear a hat and take breaks in the shade to stay hydrated. That makes it easy to be outside for at least 20 minutes a day.
If your parent loses track of time or can’t be alone outside without assistance, look at senior care services. You could have a caregiver coming each day or a few days a week to offer senior care to your parent. Services range from help with walking to assistance with meals. Call an agency to learn more.
If you or an aging loved-one are considering Home Care in Monroeville, PA, talk to the caring staff at Superior Home Care today. Call us at 412.754.2600
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about your hair !
||Hair is almost like a social
status for both men and women, and also children. It is
society’s expectation that you will have a head
of hair! Hair states ones personality and adds additional
beauty t is a statement about yourself, how you have your
hair. Women who desire to be beautiful almost always start
with their hair. There's nothing more stunning than long,
shiny, healthy hair! Elegant and versatile, long hair
gives women many options when it comes to styling and
creating new looks. Even though the hair is a dead tissue
, it suffers from numerous hazards mirroring hair problems.
Every one who desire to be beautiful and takes hair care
should understand the basics of hair
is composed of a protein substance called keratin. The average
adult human being has about 100,00 to 150,000 hairs on the
scalp. skin. The colour,type, and sizes varies from person
to person and race to race.
of the Hair
Hair is grown
from the root, which is underneath the skin and embedded
in a bag-like structure called follicle. Tiny blood
capillaries convey the necessary nutrients to the base
of the follicle called papilla where the manufacture
of hair takes place. Adjacent and attached to the follicle
is the sebaceous gland that secretes an oily substance
called sebum, which is for the lubrication and protection
of the skin and hair. The colour to the hair is being
given by the melanin pigments which are synthesized
by a special cell in the scalp.
Life Cycle of hair
Each hair follicle undergoes a cycle
of activity. The hair grows to a maximum length, then
hair growth ceases and the hair is shed and replaced
The duration of each hair cycle of an individual differs
largely with age, mental stress level, blood circulation
and nourishment and other pathological factors. The
active growth period called anagen phase of the hair
cycle may last up to 5 years and the average hair
growth is about 12mm in length per month. Hair grows
and is shed at a normal rate of 50 to 100 hairs daily.
The hair growth cycle has three distinctive phases:
the period of active growth
A scalp hair will grow actively for between
one and a half and seven years (three years being an average
growth period). The average growth rate is about half an inch
per month. On average 85% of follicles are in the anagen stage.
the period of breakdown and change
This is the end of the active growth period,
The hair stops growing and becomes detached from the base
of the follicle forming a club hair. The hair bulb begins
to break down, resulting in the follicle becoming shorter.
This period of breakdown or change lasts about three weeks.
As the inner root sheath breaks down, the hair remains in
the follicle due to its shape. On average, 1% of follicles
are in the catagen stage.
the resting stage before resumption of growth
The section of remaining root sheath still in
contact with the papilla is known as the secondary or root
germ. It is from this germ that a new hair can grow. The shortened
follicle rests for about three months. The hair may be brushed
out at this time or at the onset of anagen. On average 14%
of follicles are in the telogen stage.
After the telogen stage the cycle returns to
anagen and the root germ begins to grow downwards and forms
a new bulb around the dermal papilla. It is the lower end
of the germ that forms the new bulb, producing a new hair.
The upper part of the germ forms the new cells that lengthen
the follicle below the club hair. The new hair may push the
old hair out.
The average daily loss of hair on the scalp is between fifty
to hundred hairs. If the loss is over hundred daily, hair
loss will exceed replacement, and you eventually
Hair growth is fastest from the age of sixteen to the late
twenties. New hairs grow faster and the growth rate slows
down with the increasing length
The average number of hairs on the scalp of an adult is
100,000. to 140,000
Thus the hair is affected
by the state of the nervous system and by the condition
of the circulatory system. As such it is very much interrelated
to the functioning of the entire human organism: body, mind
and emotions. When you ponder on the opulence of the nerve
and blood supply to the head, you will have no difficulty
appreciating that whatever adversely affects them, will
in the long term, be to the detriment of the hair.
Click on the following
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Python programming language helps one work quickly and integrate systems more effectively. You can learn to use Python and see almost immediate gains in productivity and lower maintenance costs. Python runs on Windows, Linux/Unix, Mac OS X amongst others, and has been ported to the Java and .NET virtual machines too. It is an amazing language – easy to learn, yet very powerful!
Python is free to use, even for commercial products, because of its OSI-approved open source license. This 2-day program is designed to introduce the audience to Python and covers much of the essentials with enough guidance for one to get started on their own on Python projects. We’ll be using Python 3.x for this program.
- Developers, Senior Developers/Leads, QA Engineers/Leads, Managers, Architects
- People who know shell scripting and want to transition to Python
- Anyone with a basic understanding of programming and who is keen to learn Python
- Familiarly with programming and operating systems.
- Solid understanding of the Python language essentials
Instructor lead and hands on. The program has an emphasis on hands-on coding for almost every topic.
Introduction to Python
- Getting Started
- Overview and understanding – Why are we here? Why Python!
- Python Interpreter and Python Scripts
- Basic Data types : Numbers, Strings, Booleans
- Conditional Expressions
- Modules and packages, using third party packages
- Creating your own module/package
- More data types and Working with Data
- Working With Files
- Understanding character encoding, reading/writing text files
- Binary files
- Stream IO
- Regular Expressions – a quick glance
- Objects and Classes
- Classes and Objects
- Errors and Exceptions
- Iterators & Generators
- Generator Expressions
- Closures and Decorators
- Unit Testing with Python UnitTest
- Serializing Objects in Python : Pickle and JSON
Flexing your skills exercise*: Solving a simple real world data science / analytics problem – Twitter data sentiment analysis using Python
Duration: 2.5 days
*There will be other exercises too, but this one’s been added so that we gel many of the concepts learnt together
Click here to download this as a PDF doc
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How AI is helping bridge the educational resource gap
CHINA is using AI to conduct classes. This comes just months after the country was reported to be using AI for grading student papers.
VipKid, hailed to be China’s largest online education startup, is exploring how AI can personalize learning experiences for students. The company is among a growing number of edtech startups looking to use AI to fulfill the increasing demand for higher quality education, especially in English.
According to a Metaari report, the digital English market in China is expected to reach US$1.4 billion by 2022.
The country has long had an issue with economic disparity in education. Often, the best academic resources and teachers have been snatched up by well-to-do families in major cities to nurture their children.
This leaves students from smaller towns or lower-income families with little access to high-quality education. Online classrooms serve as a platform, allowing skilled educators to reach more people more efficiently.
VipKid capitalized on this demand by offering an English tutoring platform that connects Chinese students to teachers based in the US and Canada. In fact, this model was so highly sought after in China, that the company struggled to meet the overwhelming demand in its early days.
Today, the company is partnering with Microsoft China to research and develop applications of “smart classroom technology to help analyze student behavior and enable personalized learning”, according to a press statement.
From a student’s perspective, a more personalized training ensures every user gets the necessary support they need. The AI can also potentially pick up areas of weakness and tailor learning materials according to the student’s ability.
However, VipKid’s efforts might be a step behind Liulishuo, a self-proclaimed leader in AI-powered education. The latter is said to have built an AI English teacher based on deep learning algorithms, which provides personalized and adaptive learning path for every user.
Liulishuo is said to have more than 50 million registered users, from 379 cities in China and over 175 countries around the world. In comparison, VipKid currently has over 500,000 online students located in 63 countries, including Japan, France, and Brazil.
Globally, there have been other tutoring platforms that are using or trialing AI to complement their offerings, including Third Space, Carnegie Learning, and Thinkster. All aforementioned platforms are tutoring aid for math subjects.
As China ramps up efforts to realize its dream of becoming a world leader for AI by 2030, it’s not farfetched to envision all schools to have an AI-assisted education. Provided it can overcome the ethical challenges, AI will change the role of teachers from an educator to a facilitator.
- Hong Kong seeks to attract fresh tech talent in new categories
- IT will help business ’emerge’ from crisis, says Cisco
- AR smart glasses can help mitigate COVID-19 resurgence in China
- Tencent takes on Zoom in the lucrative video conferencing market
- How robots are supporting medical front-liners around the world
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The Golden Compass Theme of Morality and Ethics
Morality and ethics have to do with right vs. wrong. Plenty of people in this novel are doing the wrong thing: Mrs. Coulter and the General Oblation Board, for example, are downright baddies. Others are doing shady things but with the best of intentions: for example, the Master of Jordan College, who attempts to poison Lord Asriel. Still others we're a bit hazy on, like the crazy ambitious Lord Asriel. For her part, Lyra always tries her best to do the right thing, but sometimes stuff turns out badly despite her good intentions. (Two words: Poor Roger.)
Philip Pullman is very conscious of questions of morality in his writing. Check out his thoughts on the matter:
"Try as hard as you can, you can't leave out morality from a book. Everything we do, however small, has consequences. The greatest fiction always has a sequence of actions followed by reactions, followed by consequences. […] You can't leave morality out unless your work is so stupid and trivial and so worthless that [nobody] would want to read it anyway." (source)
Wow, tell us what you really think, Phil. True to his word, The Golden Compass asks us to think about hard questions of right and wrong. In the book, just as in life, it's not always clear who or what is good or evil, and Lyra has to puzzle through as best she can.
Questions About Morality and Ethics
- Which characters in this book would you consider good? Which would you call evil? Are some characters in between?
- Do any of the good characters ever do "bad" things? Do any of the evil characters ever do "good" things?
- Why does Lyra stay in the study when she sees the Master of Jordan pour poison into the decanter? Why does she warn Lord Asriel?
- What do the gyptian men do with Tony's fish? Why does this upset Lyra?
- Why does Lyra free the daemons in the cages?
- Does Lyra betray Roger? How?
- Over the course of the novel, Lyra develops a strong sense of right and wrong. What events and people help her develop a moral compass?
- Lyra lies a lot. Is lying ever the right thing to do, or is it always immoral?
Chew on This
Over the course of the book, Lyra goes from being an amoral child to a very moral young adult.
In The Golden Compass, there is a clear difference between good and evil.
In The Golden Compass, no characters are wholly good or evil.
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What is Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system – which normally protects its health by attacking foreign substances like bacteria and viruses – mistakenly attacks the joints. This creates inflammation that causes the tissue that lines the inside of joints (the synovium) to thicken, resulting in swelling and pain in and around the joints. The synovium makes a fluid that lubricates joints and helps them move smoothly.
If inflammation goes unchecked, it can damage cartilage, the elastic tissue that covers the ends of bones in a joint, as well as the bones themselves. Over time, there is loss of cartilage, and the joint spacing between bones can become smaller. Joints can become loose, unstable, painful and lose their mobility. Joint deformity also can occur. Joint damage cannot be reversed, and because it can occur early, doctors recommend early diagnosis and aggressive treatment to control RA.
Rheumatoid arthritis most commonly affects the joints of the hands, feet, wrists, elbows, knees and ankles. The joint effect is usually symmetrical. That means if one knee or hand if affected, usually the other one is, too. Because RA also can affect body systems, such as the cardiovascular or respiratory systems, it is called a systemic disease. Systemic means “entire body.”
Who’s Affected by Rheumatoid Arthritis?
About 1.5 million people in the United States have rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Nearly three times as many women have the disease as men. In women, RA most commonly begins between ages 30 and 60. In men, it often occurs later in life. Having a family member with RA increases the odds of having RA; however, the majority of people with RA have no family history of the disease.
Learn More About Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Rheumatoid Arthritis Causes
- Rheumatoid Arthritis Symptoms
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When you brought home your first baby, you had all the time in the world to get adjusted to your new life together. Compare that to bringing home your second baby: chaos and routine ruckus abounds as you juggle a toddler and a new baby at the same time. While you're totally amazed with the new addition, your older child might not be feeling the love. That's why it's important to make the transition from single-childhood to older-siblingdom slowly and in small steps to avoid new baby jealousy.
Some of the reactions your toddler might experience when a new baby comes on the scene include:
- Aggression toward the baby.
- Regressive behavior, such as acting like a baby, sucking his thumb, crying or waking in the night.
- Refusal to spend time with or interact with baby.
- Withdrawal from family members or even parents.
- Sudden separation anxiety.
If you've noticed that your toddler is acting negatively toward the new baby, it's time to step in. By introducing the concept of another baby to your older child slowly, you give him plenty of time to adapt the sights, sounds and smells that come with baby number two.
- Expect the emotions. Nearly all children suffer from new baby jealousy—it's just shown in different ways. While one kid might try to hurt the new baby, another child could revert back into baby-like behavior. By expecting some backlash, you'll be ready to deal with the issues. Just think about how confused you'd be if you'd spent your entire life as the center of attention and were suddenly forced to share the spotlight!
- Make changes ahead of time. One common mistake that parents make is waiting until baby makes four to make changes in the home. If you plan on moving your toddler to a new bed or room, do so several months before your new baby makes her arrival. Waiting until your baby is in the home to make changes confuses and upsets your toddler, who likes to stick to a routine and the familiar. By making changes in your sixth month of pregnancy, your give your toddler plenty of time to adapt before the new baby appears.
- Do some prep work. Meeting the baby in the hospital after delivery shouldn't be the first time your older child hears about the little bundle of joy. Spend the months leading up to your new baby's birth preparing your child for the changes that might occur. Talk about the baby and help your child bond by encouraging him to talk to your growing belly and learn about the gestation period. Just make sure that you make the changes and development easy for your child to understand—such as, "Your new baby sister is the size of an apple now. She's growing so big!"
- Remain in control. Dr. Fran Walfish, a leading child, teen, parent, and family psychotherapist, notes that one of the most common mistakes moms make is passing on the care of a toddler to the other parent when a new baby arrives. "Your toddler metaphorically loses Mommy when he must now share you with baby," notes Walfish. "Don't make the mistake... by having him lose you in reality [in] passing him over to Daddy." Make time for your toddler and remain in control of the regular day-to-day routine of eating, dressing and bathing.
- Verbalize feelings. Your toddler is probably too young to understand how he feels about the new baby or why he's upset. By giving your toddler the words to tackle his emotions, he better understands why he feels the way he does toward his new sibling. For instance, instead of noting that your child is mad, talk about why he's mad. He probably feels left out or thinks you don't have the time to spend with him that you used to. If your toddler doesn't speak, "You can sit with your toddler with large paper and crayons and draw stick figures," suggests Walfish.
While you definitely want your two children to bond, you can't force your older child to become more used to a new baby in the house. You'll find that over time, your toddler adapts to the changes that come with a new baby and will soon even prove to be a loving and protective older sibling—at least, until the time for sibling rivalry, tattling and sharing becomes an issue.
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New lesson plans encouraging children to think about plastic pollution and lead the way on climate change are being taken to the classroom.
Here at Surfers Against Sewage (SAS) we have created five lesson strategies, following requests from students and teachers to expand on the Plastic Free Schools programme.
Up until now, the programme has seen schools across the UK take action by ditching single-use plastics around their sites and promoting the issues that plastic pollution causes in their local communities.
But it is hoped that by bringing the fight directly into the classroom as well, we will be able to encourage young people think about these key environmental issues in a ‘real world’ perspective.
Each lesson will cover various topics in the environmental sector, exploring how and why we use plastic, what happens to it once we’re done and how it’s affecting our coastlines, within the context of regular school lessons – from maths and English, to science and geography.
Ben Hewitt, SAS Director of Campaigns and Projects, said: “It’s so inspiring to see students lead the way on tackling plastic pollution and climate change.
We’ve had lots of requests for lesson plans about plastic to further bring this conversation into classrooms.
Every piece of new plastic is made from precious oil, a fossil fuel which should remain in the ground, not be used to make a product which will be used for a few minutes and then be thrown away.”
The lessons have been curated for pupils studying within Key Stage 2 and Key Stage 3 (ages 7 to 14), with five key themes:
- The Science of Plastic – a science lesson on discovering what plastic is, why it was created and how it is made. Pupils will then conduct a scientific enquiry into single-use plastic products, identifying their properties, uses and environmental implications.
- The Great Plastic Debate – an English lesson focused on debating the theoretical motion that the concept of Plastic Free Schools should be disregarded until 2042. This aims to help pupils recognise the importance of seeing issues from different stakeholder points of view, whilst finding out more about the impact of single-use plastics.
- Talking Rubbish – an English lesson where pupils will compare linear and circular economies, particularly in relation to single-use plastic, pollution and climate change. They will then write and deliver a speech aimed at encouraging businesses and local councils to move towards circular economies and build in systems such as a Deposit Return Scheme to capture plastic waste.
- Plastic Persuasion – an English and maths lesson which will encourage pupils to use real life statistics as a persuasive device. They will then compare the results of their own clean-up to SAS’s Dirty Dozen data, collected during the charity’s recent Big Spring Beach Clean, and use their findings to write a persuasive letter to a brand which has been identified as a leading cause of plastic pollution via packaging.
- On the Plastics Trail – a Geography lesson where pupils will discover how plastic pollution is caused and use their geographical skills to investigate how and where plastic pollution is affecting UK coastlines.
The launch of the new lesson plans coincides with Sir David Attenborough’s 93rd birthday – a mark to the legendary naturalist and nature documentary producer, who has been leading the fight on plastic pollution on an international basis.
To bring these lesson plans to your classroom click on the links below:
We’re so pleased to be able to share these resources and we can’t wait to see the results so if you’re a teacher taking this conversation to your students, we’d love to hear how it goes! Please let us know and drop us an email to [email protected] .
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North Central SARE From the Field Profile
Experiential Learning in Agricultural Systems
GVSU Upward Bound TRiO Flower and Herb Garden at the GVSU Sustainable Agriculture Project
Through the Grand Valley State University (GVSU) Sustainable Agriculture Project, Levi Gardner helps students learn about food production and gain an appreciation for the process of planning, growing, harvesting, and selling horticulture and floriculture products. The project is growing at a regional public university with a limited history of agriculture or food systems education.
With support from a SARE grant, high school students without previous exposure to farming, gardening, or environmental education were hosted at the university during a five-week summer program. Students were introduced to collegiate life and took a course on sustainable agriculture that was developed to expose them to integrative and experiential learning. Students cooked and shared a meal together from foods they helped grow. Gardner said many students had never seen a tomato plant or a recently harvested onion, or had tasted fresh garlic.
Sixteen students participated in 2011, while 22 participated in 2012. A freshman stated in his final project, “As a citizen I want to try and help people understand that sustainable agriculture is important because many people don’t know about what goes on behind the scene. They don’t know where their food really comes from so I want to help them understand.”
In the future, as the program grows, Gardner said the group will seek more publicity for their work. They also would like to visit a farm. He said they will continue to focus on how to integrate this work into the students’ academic and professional goals.
Want more information? See the related SARE grant(s) YENC10-034, GVSU Upward Bound TRiO Flower and Herb Garden at the GVSU Sustainable Agriculture Project.
How to Order
Online Version (Free)
Only available online
Project products are developed as part of SARE grants. They are made available with support from the Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE) program, which is funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture-National Institute of Food and Agriculture (USDA-NIFA). Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed within project products do not necessarily reflect the view of the SARE program or the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.
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Monroe in Walton County, Georgia — The American South (South Atlantic)
Erected 1954 by Georgia Historical Commission. (Marker Number 147-1.)
Marker series. This marker is included in the Georgia Historical Society/Commission marker series.
Location. 33° 47.682′ N, 83° 42.774′ W. Marker is in Monroe, Georgia, in Walton County. Marker is on East Spring Street (Business U.S. 78) 0 miles east of South Broad Street (Georgia Route 11), on the right when traveling east. Click for map. The marker stands in front of the Walton County Courthouse. Marker is in this post office area: Monroe GA 30655, United States of America.
Other nearby markers. At least 8 other markers are within 10 miles of this marker, measured as the crow flies. James Monroe (about 500 feet Seven Governors Have Lived In Walton County (approx. 0.2 miles away); Moores Ford Lynching (approx. 7.2 miles away); The Poppy Lady (approx. 7.7 miles away); Moina Michael (approx. 8.5 miles away); Hightower Trail (approx. 9.6 miles away); The March to the Sea (approx. 9.8 miles away); Bethlehem United Methodist Church (approx. 9.8 miles away). Click for a list of all markers in Monroe.
Categories. • Antebellum South, US • Notable Persons • Political Subdivisions •
Credits. This page originally submitted on , by David Seibert of Sandy Springs, Georgia. This page has been viewed 756 times since then and 12 times this year. Photos: 1, 2, 3. submitted on , by David Seibert of Sandy Springs, Georgia. • Craig Swain was the editor who published this page. This page was last revised on June 16, 2016.
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TeachMeFinance.com - explain Hydraulic Jump
Hydraulic Jump The term 'Hydraulic Jump' as it applies to the area of the weather can be defined as ' A steady disturbance in the lee of a mountain, where the airflow passing over the mountain suddenly changes from a region of low depth and high velocity to a region of high depth and low velocity'.
About the author
Copyright © 2005-2011 by Mark McCracken, All Rights Reserved. TeachMeFinance.com is an informational website, and should not be used as a substitute for professional medical, legal or financial advice. Information presented at TeachMeFinance.com is provided on an "AS-IS" basis. Please read the disclaimer for details.
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After a renovation project costing $985,000 to replace decayed timbers and extensive additional support for the hull, the famous fighting ship “Old Ironsides” was back to fighting form. The new cannons were replicas, but much more authentic in appearance than the replica-cannon installed in 1907.
On July 2, 1931, USS Constitution and a crew of 81 sailors, officers, and Marines cast off on a three-year, three-coast tour around the United States. This National Cruise was a public “thank you” to the men, women, and children who, from 1925-1930, helped raise over $985,000 to fund the renovation.
Under Commander Louis J. Gulliver, “Old Ironsides” traveled 22,000 miles, visited 90 ports, and welcomed more than 4.5 million visitors; over two million in California alone. The tour began up the East Coast as far north as Bar Harbor, ME, and then south through the Panama Canal and up the West Coast as far as Bellingham, WA,. She was towed by the minesweeper USS GREBE and, occasionally, by the submarine tender USS BUSHNELL.
Marking the events of the U.S. Frigate Constitution’s visit to the many ports, an extensive number of special cachets were produced and special cancellations noting each port visited. Some stops, without harbors, are posted, for example ‘OFF PORT SAN LUIS’ for San Luis Obispo. The cachets are designs by the major First Day Cover artists, such as Crosby, plus special cachets sponsored by chambers of commerce and civic/patriotic groups.
June 8th 1934 marked the date of return of ‘Old Ironsides’ to Boston and its docking to this day at the Boston Navy Yard.
“While she sails the seas no more,
May the spirit of ‘Old Ironsides’
go sailing on!”
The legacy of the U.S. Frigate Constitution began during the War of 1812. Off the coast of Nova Scotia the ship to become known as ‘Old Ironsides’ defeated the British frigate Guerrière, boosting the new nations spirits and resolve, confronting the might and power of Britannia. Witnesses to the battle claimed that the British shot merely bounced off the Constitution’s sides, as if the ship were made of iron rather than wood. By the war’s end, “Old Ironsides” destroyed or captured seven more British ships.
The Constitution was one of six frigates that Congress authorized to be built in 1794 to help protect American merchant fleets from attacks by Barbary pirates and harassment by British and French forces. The bolts fastening its timbers and copper sheathing were provided by the industrialist and patriot Paul Revere. Launched on October 21, 1797, the Constitution was 204 feet long, displaced 2,200 tons, and was rated as a 44-gun frigate.
Its maiden voyage was in July 1798, with a crew of 450, headed for the West Indies to protect U.S. shipping from French privateers. In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson ordered the American warship to the Mediterranean to fight Barbary pirates off the coast of Tripoli. The vessel performed commendably during the conflict, and in 1805 a peace treaty with Tripoli was signed on the Constitution’s deck.
In June 1812, as hostilities broke out with Britain, the Constitution was commanded by Isaac Hull, who served as lieutenant on the ship during the Tripolitan War. On July 16, the Constitution nearly meet her end as she encountered a squadron of five British ships off Egg Harbor, New Jersey. Finding itself surrounded, the Constitution was preparing to escape when suddenly the wind died. With both sides dead in the water and just out of gunnery range, a legendary slow-speed chase ensued. For 36 hours, the Constitution’s crew kept their ship just ahead of the British by towing the frigate with rowboats and by tossing the ship’s anchor ahead of the ship and then reeling it in. At dawn on July 18, a breeze sprang, and the Constitution was far enough ahead of its pursuers to escape by sail.
One month later, on August 19, the Constitution caught the British warship Guerrière alone about 600 miles east of Boston. After considerable maneuvering, the Constitution delivered its first broadside, and for 20 minutes the American and British vessels bombarded each other in close and violent action. The British man-of-war was de-masted and rendered a wreck while the Constitution escaped with only minimal damage. The unexpected victory of Old Ironsides against a British frigate helped unite America behind the war effort and made Commander Hull a national hero. The Constitution went on to defeat or capture seven more British ships in the War of 1812 and ran the British blockade of Boston twice.
After the war, Old Ironsides served as the flagship of the navy’s Mediterranean squadron and in 1828 was laid up in Boston. Two years later, the navy considered scrapping the Constitution, which had become unseaworthy, leading to an outcry of public support for preserving the famous warship. The navy refurbished the Constitution, and it went on to serve as the flagship of the Mediterranean, Pacific, and Home squadrons. In 1844, the frigate left New York City on a global journey that included visits to numerous international ports as a goodwill agent of the United States. In the early 1850s, it served as flagship of the African Squadron and patrolled the West African coast looking for slave traders.
In 1855, the Constitution retired from active military service, but the famous vessel continued to serve the United States, first as a training ship and later as a a touring national landmark.
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The Lacey Act is a United States law that bans the trafficking of illegal wildlife, fish, plants and other natural resources in or out of the United States.
Under this act, it is against the law to import, export, sell, acquire, or purchase any of the aforementioned products and wildlife if they are taken, possessed, transported, or sold in violation of U.S. or Indian law or in interstate or foreign commerce involving any fish, wildlife, or plants taken, possessed, or sold in violation of State or foreign law.
In accordance with the law, all fish, wildlife and their parts or products, and plants protected by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and those protected by State law, are covered. Commercial guiding and outfitting are considered to be a sale under the provisions of this act.
The Lacey Act was amended in 2008 to include plants and their products, such as timber and paper. This landmark legislation is the world’s first to ban trade in illegally sourced wood products. Additionally, the law enforces civil and criminal penalties for the illegal trade of animals and plants. The goal of the Lacey Act is to protect international and domestic law and prevent the spread of invasive, or non-native species.
Need help? Reach out to one of our experts to make sure you don’t miss any important documents in the import process.Related Articles
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After a decade of deliberation, the US state of California may soon let its companies meet part of their emission-reduction obligations by saving forests in places like the Mexican state of Chiapas. For it to work, the process must not only be socially and scientifically rigorous; it must also be well-communicated.
25 April 2016 | While participating in a recent workshop on climate change and the role of forests in the Lacandon Forest in Chiapas, Mexico, I asked a participating member of the indigenous Lacandon community if he knew what REDD+ stood for. He correctly answered, “Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation”.
“And the ‘plus’?” I asked.
“Redd more… money!”
A friend of mine told a similar tale: while he was explaining REDD+ to people from the Tseltal community, an elderly man stood to speak.
“I don’t know about this REDD+ you’re talking about,” he said. “I only know about Red Cross!”
Another colleague of mine recalls his confusion when members of a different community in the Lacandon Jungle asked him when the “big net” was going to descend over the forest – but his confusion dissipated when he realized they had literally translated the Spanish word red into “net”.
Even government officials have got their terminology muddled, and one of them expressed relief after coming to a workshop and discovering that it was about forests and not computer networks.
Such confusion is understandable here, because the previous governor of Chiapas used the term “REDD+” to describe a program that funneled money from the state’s car tenure tax to indigenous landowners in the Lacandon Jungle. They received 2000 pesos (around $150 dollars) per month as an emblematic “thank-you” for being “guardians of the forest” – without anyone monitoring to see if they were effectively conserving the forest or not.
An introduction to the Lacandon indigenous group and their history as strong forest stewards in Mexico’s Lacandon Jungle.
Some of the Lacandon indigenous people were pleased to receive money for doing nothing, and most say they spent the money on food and medicine. Many, however, claim that a lot of the money received by the neighboring Choles and Tseltales indigenous people was reinvested in agriculture and livestock – defeating the point of a conservation subsidy – while others claim the money was spent on alcohol, cars or cheap goods that weren’t always in the best interests of the family.
It is clear that this program lacked any scientific or social justification, but was instead a political creation, designed to win votes from those forest people it funneled money to. It had nothing to do with the national or state REDD+ strategy that is being collectively built in Mexico, and it was rightfully scrapped after a few years – but not before the disinformation brigade misleadingly equated it with the REDD+ initiative currently being debated in the state of California.
For a disinterested summary of the debate, see MongaBay’s “Debate Heats up Over California’s Plan to Reduce Emissions via Rainforest Protection”.
The California (Dis)Connection
Like all disinformation campaigns, this one had a germ of truth to it. In 2010, Chiapas Governor Sabines Guerrero signed a memorandum of understanding with California Governor Arnold Swarzenneger and Jorge Viana, the governor of Acre, Brazil to explore options of REDD+ offsets for California’s ARB32 climate change law. The MOU explicitly referred to a jurisdictional REDD+ approach developed in conjunction with all stakeholders, and it led to a set of stringent standards endorsed by indigenous people, policymakers, and the scientific community, cumulatively known as the REDD+ Offset Working Group.
It may have also inspired Sabines Guerrero to launch his pseudo-REDD initiative, in the mistaken hope that it will eventually be recognized by the state of California and financed by the offset program. That, however, is a far cry from being “linked to California’s cap-and-trade program through a complex ‘carbon offset’ scheme,” as one skeptical organization put it – especially since the current Chiapas administration seems intent on avoiding a repeat of this mistake, and it’s taking a more rigorous and participative approach to building its state REDD+ jurisdictional Strategy.
The State of Play
California has been exploring options for REDD+ offsets outside the state, partly due to rising prices of their carbon credits, and partly due to the success of some of their domestic forest offset programs.
Potentially, in the next few years or so, a market for carbon offsets from California’s cap-and-trade system could provide carbon finance for forest communities, but the demand is not as high as expected. Only 8% of the total emission-reductions will be allowed to be offset from other sectors such as agriculture or forestry projects in California, and of this, only 2% will be allowed to come from international offsets. From these international offsets, only a small percentage will be REDD+ credits, which in itself is a fairly unattractive and risky investment.
California last year signed a memorandum of understanding with Mexico, providing a potential basis for linkages with any of Mexico’s forest emissions reductions initiatives, not just Chiapas, depending on accountability within Mexico’s climate change law framework.
REDD in Mexico
The face of “REDD+” has changed radically in recent years, and is now focused not just in the Lacandon but in Mexico’s five Early REDD+ Action Areas, moving up from the project scale to the jurisdictional scale that requires many more components than just payment-for-environmental programs.
Multi-disciplinary and multi-sectoral groups such as the Consultative Technical Committee on REDD+ (CTC-REDD+) have been working at both the state and national level on building a more inclusive, stringent REDD+ strategy that includes monitoring, reporting and verification of emission-reduction results to ensure environmental integrity and safeguards to ensure there is no harm to communities in implementing REDD+. This state REDD+ Vision and Strategy bears no resemblance at all to the “REDD+” Program that Chiapas implemented, but many challenges remain, such as politics, corruption and dissonance between environmental and agricultural sectors.
The National REDD+ Strategy was written by multiple stakeholders from a wide variety of sectors, and it has taken many years to reach consensus. The focus has shifted from Payments in Cash for “protecting” the forest to a more integrated focus on land-use management, which aims to identify and align policies and programs while helping to conserve and increase the remaining forest carbon stocks.
The distribution of benefits and payment-for-result mechanisms are still being determined, and the National REDD+ Strategy is still undergoing consultation. Those communities most likely to benefit are the ones with clear land-tenure rights and stronger capacities for planning, implementing and monitoring actions that reduce the causes of deforestation. We should, therefore, aim to support women and youth – not just landowners – to implement cooperative mechanisms that detonate an income from low carbon activities, which should not be limited to REDD, but could include exporting certified timber and non-timber products and ecotourism, among a plethora of other activities.
In the Lacandon region, lessons learnt from past policies implemented by the federal and state government are being documented, and examined in order to figure out which policies have been more successful and deserve to continue. The most imminent payment-for-results program is the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility’s Carbon Fund, and this year Mexico will present a proposal to the World Bank for Early REDD+ Action areas, including the Lacandon Jungle, for payment-for-results eligibility. The activities to be implemented in the field will be decided in the Investment Programs, to be submitted in the upcoming months, and based on a proposal that addresses the causes of deforestation identified in key areas that have been consulted with local communities.
This should hopefully move away from the traditional “payments for environmental services” model to more innovative policies that address deforestation at its cause, combining better agricultural practices and sustainable supply chains. The indigenous people who live in the forest are clear on what the causes and solutions to deforestation are – it’s just a question of listening to them and supporting them, and ensuring that the activities implemented are effective and sustainable. This is what jurisdictional REDD+ is really about, and what is being communicated and consulted in Mexico.
This is the fourth in a continuing series examining the role of traditional and indigenous people in managing Mexico’s forests. The next installment examines the role of Lacandons in monitoring their forests.
Felicia Line is a Field Coordinator in nonprofit EcoLogic’s CarbonPlus program. She coordinates and supervises field and desk activities related to the REDD+ initiative with the Governors’ Climate and Forest Fund in the states of Chiapas, Campeche, Jalisco, Tabasco and Quintana Roo in southern Mexico.
Please see our Reprint Guidelines for details on republishing our articles.
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May 22, 2022
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Celebrate National Photograph Month
May is National Photo, Photograph, and Photography Month! Celebrate with the resources below that will help you and your students find free images.
TeachersFirst's Free Image Resources
Using images is a great opportunity to discuss the critical topics of copyright and Creative Commons. This curated list of resources provides the best of TeachersFirst's free image tools. Read the descriptions to find the perfect tool for your needs.
This site's goal is to provide a platform for emerging photographers to share their work. Check out these free, hand-picked images to use as you wish. Scroll through the site to view trending images or use the search feature to find images by keyword.
Openverse is a search tool for finding free images available in the public domain or under a Creative Commons license. Type your keyword in the search bar to begin browsing and narrow your options using the available filters, including image type.
Search various images in categories like famous people, news topics, animals, nature, and backgrounds. Click to filter by license to determine which images are free to able to be shared or modified. You can also create collections of images.
Cool Tools to Edit Photos and Create Projects
Try new ways to edit your photos using the resources shared in this section, many of which also allow you to create projects. Let your creativity run wild as you peruse these tools that your students can use to show what they know about a topic!
Upload an image from your computer or enter the URL of an image that includes people, and this tool will remove everything in the background in 5 minutes or less! Save your finished product for use in a class photo collage or in student projects.
Free Online Photo Editor
This site is great for creating images for projects. Upload your photo or use one of the images available on this site (no registration required), then enhance and edit the image by adding text, borders, filters, and other effects.
Add text to any image or photo and share with no registration. Choose pictures from one of seven categories or upload your own. Change the color and length of the text and share on social media or by using the provided URL.
Simple as 1-2-3, this site transforms any image into the style of your chosen artist. Upload your picture, select the style, and you’ll receive an email with the image in about 15 minutes, depending on site traffic.
Create and share your photo collages with this tool—no registration required. Add or drag images on to the workspace to move and size pictures as desired, use the Auto Collage feature to place them, or select from ready-made templates.
Convert your photos into images that look like paintings. Choose and upload your picture to begin, then select from the two painting style options to customize the look of your image. You can also add outlines and change the brush size.
Construct online videos and use the photo editor to create and share short videos. Add text, include filters, change images to video, upload media from your computer using the provided boxes and personalize content as you wish.
This Week at TeachersFirst
We invite you to join our weekly virtual workshop this Tuesday at 7 PM ET. We’re also sharing an engaging summer reading opportunity for your students and a related blog post. Finally, we kindly ask for your input on our weekly poll.
Tuesday, 5/24, 7 PM ET
OK2Ask: 3 Cool Tools for Images
Come to this session to learn about three tools students can use to work with images for their projects. Understand the tenets of copyright and digital citizenship that apply to remixing and reusing images.
Motivate your students to read this summer
Bookopolis: Your Summer Reading Headquarters
Bookopolis offers three free ways to get your students reading this summer. Students can play READ-O & earn a free book, join the Bookopolis Reading Challenge to read 10 books or 1,000 minutes between 5/16/22 and 9/2/22, or explore summer reading lists.
Infusing Technology Blog
National Photography Month
It’s essential to teach the proper use of images, whether they’re our own or borrowed from another source. This post shares resources for teaching and learning about digital citizenship, many of which contain info on the proper use of digital images.
Learn about more tools for finding, editing, and sharing images »
Share your thoughts with our community
This week, our poll asks, "What is your biggest challenge when using images in your lessons?" Share your thoughts and view the replies of others when you click to submit your response.
Brought to You by TeachersFirst
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Contact the editor
TeachersFirst is a collection of curated, classroom-ready content and ideas — including teacher-authored reviews of thousands of web resources. Built-in guidance from seasoned professionals makes effective classroom technology use trouble-free. TeachersFirst is made available free to K12 teachers by The Source for Learning, Inc., a nonprofit that has been providing educational resources for more than 40 years.
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In the Garden:
Connect multiple rain barrels to collect water from afternoon thundershowers for use when the weather is dry.
Harvest Rainwater with a Rain Barrel
With much of our region experiencing serious drought and some of the hottest weather still ahead of us, now is the time to look for more ways to conserve water in your landscape.
We've had some dramatic thunderstorms roll through our area, with the rain coming fast and furious for just a short time. We might get a half inch of rain in a half hour, but that doesn't provide as much water for our garden as rain coming in gentle, all-day showers. Downpours like the ones we've had hammer plants, tear foliage, and pack down the soil. Water runs off instead of soaking in, creating gullies and washing away topsoil. It's better than no rain at all, but only barely. That is, unless you have a way to capture and store some of that water for future use.
According to one source, an inch of rain yields more than 700 gallons of water running off the roof of a typical house. Rather than letting that water run off into storm drains, carrying pollutants with it, why not harvest some of it to use in the garden? It's easy with a rain barrel.
Rain Barrel Basics
The simplest rain barrel is a big trash can placed underneath the downspout of your gutter. But the features on purchased rain barrels make them safer and easier to use. Or, construct your own from food-grade plastic barrels. Here are some things to keep in mind:
-- A tight-fitting cover will keep out debris and prevent mosquitoes from laying eggs in the standing water. It will also prevent curious children and animals from getting inside.
-- Use screens over gutters to prevent leaves and other large debris from entering the barrel.
-- Barrels made from dark materials block sunlight and discourage the growth of algae.
-- Although you can dip a watering can into the barrel, a spigot makes filling it much easier. Attach a hose to the spigot to deliver the water right to your gardens.
-- Raising the barrel up on a stack of pallets or cinder blocks will make it easier to get your watering can under the spigot. It will also increase the water pressure flowing to a gravity-fed hose or irrigation system.
-- Water is heavy! A full 55-gallon barrel weighs more than 400 pounds. Make sure the support under your barrel is sturdy and level.
-- A heavy downpour will quickly fill a 55-gallon barrel, so attach an overflow system to direct excess water away from your foundation.
Don't drink water that's been captured in a rain barrel. Contaminants from bird droppings to asphalt shingle debris are carried into the barrel with the water as it drains from the roof. Some roofing materials are treated with preservatives and algicides, too. In fact, some experts suggest that water collected from rooftops is unsuitable for use on edibles. Others dispute these risks, saying that washing produce is all that's needed to make sure it's safe.
To encourage homeowners to conserve water, some municipalities sell rain barrels at reduced cost. Start by contacting your state's conservation district; the National Association of Conservation Districts provides contact information: http://www.nacdnet.org/about/districts/directory/index.phtml
Care to share your gardening thoughts, insights, triumphs, or disappointments with your fellow gardening enthusiasts? Join the lively discussions on our FaceBook page and receive free daily tips!
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Nurses and midwives are calling on all governments to work with our professions to support the health and wellbeing of our communities.
There are currently 374,216 nurses and midwives registered with the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia.
Nurses and midwives, are the largest health professions and the most geographically dispersed workforce in Australia. They are highly skilled to provide communities with access to health care across all age groups.
They are pivotal in providing better health outcomes to Australians. ‘Developing [nursing] will improve health, promote gender equality and support economic growth’ (WHO Triple Impact Report) and ‘[midwifery] is a key solution to the challenge of providing universal and quality maternal and newborn care’ (WHO).
All nurses and midwives should be recognised for their knowledge and skills and be given the ability to practice to the full extent of their education and registration.
The signatories to the 2019 Federal Election Priorities advise that ‘nurses and midwives have the ability to provide care across many areas of our community where access to essential healthcare is not currently available’.
They provide evidence-based, cost-effective and comprehensive health care. However current barriers in the health care system and funding models are preventing them from practising in all areas of the community.
Nurses and midwives have worked collaboratively to develop the 2019 Federal Election Priorities document which calls for raising the profile and status of the nursing and midwifery professions.
Signatories of the 2019 Federal Election Priorities are:
- Australian College of Mental Health Nurses (ACMHN)
- Australian Primary Health Care Nurses Association (APNA)
- CRANAplus Australian College of Midwives (ACM)
- Australian College of Nursing (ACN)
- Australian College of Nurse Practitioners (ACNP)
- Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation (ANMF)
- Congress of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Nurses and Midwives (CATSINaM)
- Council of Deans of Nursing and Midwifery (CDNM)
E: [email protected]
Ph: 6285 1078
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Sir Ernest Shackleton describes the loss of Socks the pony into the crevasse, and the accident which saved Frank Wild’s life – the broken ‘swingletree’ connecting horse and sledge.
The one who went into the top of the crevasse was Frank Wild – a longtime friend of the explorer and an experienced Antarctic hand – so it is curious that Shackleton doesn’t name him or his comrades. This may have been a problem of time: Edison recordings were limited to just under three minutes. Shackleton was a highly accomplished public speaker, but he appears here to have been trying to rush his delivery.
The recording would have been issued for sale soon after it was made. There are at least four other cylinders of this recording in existence from the time. The copy held by the NFSA was donated in 2001. The digital version of this recording was supplied by the Edison National Historic site in the US.
Ernest Shackleton ... harnessed to one sled in very bad light. Our last pony was being led by another man, with 500 pounds of stores. All of a sudden we heard a shout of help from the man behind. We looked round and saw him supporting himself by his elbows on the edge of a chasm. There was no sign of the pony and the sledge was jammed with its bow in the crevasse.
We rushed back and helped the man out, and then hauled the sledge out. Then we lay down to have a look but nothing but a black gulf lay below. The pony may have fallen 1,000 or 1,500 feet. Anyhow, he had gone. What had happened was this: we, the first three, with our weight distributed, crossed in safety in the bad light the bridge over an unseen chasm. The weight of the pony following was too much. It crashed through, but the swingletree of the sledge snapped and that saved the sledge. The man leading the pony said that he just felt a lashing sort of wind, the rope was torn out of his hands, he flung himself forward, and thus escaped.
After this, we four men had over 1,000 pounds to pull and we were unable to pull the whole load at once, so we had to relay. That is, we hauled half our load for a mile, then we walked back a mile and then we hauled the other half up. So for every mile we gained to the south, we had to cover three to do it. And slowly we arose up the largest and the longest glacier in the world, some days spending 12 hours doing three miles, other times spending nearly half the day hauling the sledge up by means of the alpine ropes. And thus we went along, and thus we returned, having done a work that has resulted with great advantage to science, and for the first time returning without the loss of a single human life.
And throughout all this, I was helped by a party of men who were regardless of themselves and only thinking of the good of the expedition. I, Ernest Shackleton, have today, March the 30th, dictated this record.
Technician All right.
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), a citizen of Rhegium, who was chosen by his countrymen to be their general, when the city was besieged by the elder Dionysius, B. C. 388.
He animated the Rhegians to the most vigorous defence, and displayed all the qualities and resources of an able general, as well as a brave warrior; and it was in great measure owing to him that the siege was protracted for a space of more than eleven months.
At length, however, the besieged were compelled by famine to surrender, and the heroic Phyton fell into the hands of the tyrant, who, after treating him with the most cruel indignities, put him to death, together with his son and all his other relations (Diod. 14.108
). Diodorus tells us that the virtues and unhappy fate of Phyton were a favourite subject of lamentation with the Greek poets, but none of these passages have come down to us.
The only other author now extant who mentions the name of Phyton is Philostratus (Vit. Apoll.
1.35, 7.2), who appears to have followed a version of his story wholly different from that of Diodorus.
According to this, Phyton was an exile from Rhegium, who had taken refuge at the court of Dionysius, and enjoyed high favour with the tyrant, but on discovering his designs against Rhegimn gave information of them to his countrymen, and was put to death by Dionysius in consequence.
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At a keynote event during this week’s Mobile World Congress in Barcelona, Qualcomm Chairman and CEO Dr. Paul Jacobs talked about how mobile technology could be used to connect non-phone, non-tablet devices and objects to the Internet. This concept is generally referred to as the “Internet of Things,” or, as Dr. Jacobs says, “the Internet of Everything.”
In this future where everything is Web-connected, mobile phones will serve as the hub, or the remote control, for all the things around you. It will operate as your 6th sense for the machine-to-machine network of devices.
Mobile Phone is Hub of Internet of Things
Dr. Jacobs began his talk by looking back on the history of mobile. “Ten years ago, voice was killer app,” he said. Now voice is less and less important, while data is increasingly so. People expect data everyone – more than phones, tablets, and e-readers – “going forward, everything is going to be connected.”
And in this new network, where inanimate objects are Internet-enabled, your mobile phone will sit in the center of this Web of things. It will help you orchestrate the interactions of the things around you and provide real-time access to all sorts of info, including the people you meet, the places you go and the content that’s available there.
The phone is the key to authenticating with these connected devices and taking their content with you, wherever you go.
But in order to support this emerging machine-to-machine environment (M2M), there are several things that will be needed. First, there needs to be peer-to-peer support between devices. You should be able to discover the objects in a room with devices that are operating at a very low power level. This technology should even be down to the physical layer of device, he said, and the interactions it enables shouldn’t need to hop on the cellular data network to occur – they should bypass it.
That means that modern devices will need to support multiple radios in addition to the cellular radio. They should also have a local radio, Wi-Fi, GPS, Bluetooth, satellite, NFC (near field communication), etc. End users won’t care how it works – they just expect the phone to connect to the fastest connection available to them at the present time.
In this multi-radio environment, radios will become embedded into all sorts of devices, consumer electronics and otherwise. This will lead to an explosion of data on the network. For operators, that means they’ll need to figure out how to make their networks run more efficiently to accommodate the data traffic.
By 2014, said Dr. Jacobs, 70% of all consumer electronics devices will be connected to the Internet.
Another facet of the development of this Web of things will be the creation of devices with increased capabilities. Devices will have multi-core processors, multi-mode radios, 3D capture and play abilities and other sensors. Augmented reality will come into play, too – that is, looking through your phone’s camera, you can “see” a data layer over top the “real” world.
Mobile Sensors & Health
One of the major areas of development in this Internet of Things is in wireless health . By 2014, there will be greater than 400 million wearable wireless sensors shipped. Just like the Internet helps you feel more connected with other people, these wearable devices will help you feel more connected to your healthcare professional. You will have a sense that you’re being looked after. There’s an economic incentive here too – the management of chromic disease accounts for three quarters of health care costs, Dr. Jacobs said. Your phone will act as the hub for the wireless sensors around you, connecting you to this information about your health.
Initially, emerging markets may see developments in wireless health first, simply because of need, but these developments will come to more developed markets as well.
At the end of the speech, Dr. Jacobs said that it’s an exciting time in the mobile industry – it’s as exciting as the beginning of the mobile Internet itself. We can’t help but agree.
Disclosure: The author’s travel, hotel and conferences expenses were paid for by Qualcomm. They did not request this coverage, it’s just interesting.
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College is, like, 50% procrastination and 50% trying to not run out of money by doing things like finding cheap college textbooks. But if you feel like maybe you’re wasting way more time that you should be, consider trying this brain hack from the University of Southern California.
All you have to do is break down your time in a smaller way. For example, if your exam is in a week, think of it like you have seven days to study. This will cause more of a sense of urgency, helping you complete your tasks faster or right on time. “So when I think in a more granular way — when I use days rather than years — it makes me feel like the future is closer,” said lead researcher Daphna Oyserman. “If you see it as ‘today’ rather than on your calendar for sometime in the future, you’re not going to put it off.”
And, apparently, it really does work. Researchers found that people who thought of the future in days rather than years were much more likely to accomplish their goals sooner. “The simplified message that we learned in these studies is if the future doesn’t feel imminent, then, even if it’s important, people won’t start working on their goals,” Oyserman said.
It’s a pretty clever discovery if you ask us. Think about it: The weekend is two days long, right? Right. But it’s also only a mere 48 hours — which sounds shorter to you? Hm…
Read more about the study here.
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Ever wondered the best way to brush teeth? While brushing and flossing regularly is a must, we've compiled a comprehensive list of everything you need to know about how to keep teeth healthy and beautiful for many years to come.
What is Dental Health?
Dental health, also commonly referred to as oral health, revolves around the health of your teeth and gums. Good dental health habits and practices can keep your mouth in tip-top shape and prevent a long list of oral complications, such as gum disease, cavities, bacterial infections, and so on.
Dental health is a consistent practice that begins at birth and continues to play a big role in your overall health for the rest of your life. Best practices include daily oral care and regular visits to a professional dental health practitioner.
Health Problems Caused by Bad Teeth
What goes on inside your mouth can affect other parts of your body. Poor oral hygiene has been linked to a number of different health complications that can negatively impact your overall health and state of physical well-being.
To help you better understand the importance of keeping up with your dental health, we've listed a few of the top health problems caused by bad teeth.
Negligent flossing habits can lead to a very serious disease of the heart. How is this possible? It's quite simple really: when your oral hygiene is lax, your gums become much more susceptible to bacteria and infection, which enters your bloodstream via your inflamed gums and travels right to your heart.
Poor dental health often leads to gingivitis, a bacteria that can easily make its way to the brain and contribute to the development of dementia. Pretty scary stuff!
Other Health Complications
As if cardiovascular disease and dementia weren't enough reason to step up your dental game, the list of risks doesn't stop there. Inadequate oral hygiene habits have also been linked to numerous other health issues like diabetic complications and infections of the respiratory system.
How to Keep Teeth Healthy
The major health risks of negligent oral care are concerning to say the least, but the minor oral complications that can arise can be painful and expensive. Use these tips to keep your teeth healthy and avoid a range of health problems, from pesky cavities to cardiovascular disease.
Brush the Right Way
How you brush your teeth will greatly determine the state of your oral health. The best way to brush teeth is to gently brush in a vertical motion, scrubbing up and down. Refrain from applying too much pressure when you brush and make sure you get every single tooth, front, back, and in between. Experts suggest brushing twice a day for at least 2 minutes at a time.
Use the Right Dental Health Products
That dollar aisle toothbrush isn’t going to cut it. Make sure you get the best dental health products to keep your teeth healthy.
Toothbrush: For the most thorough cleaning, opt for a toothbrush that has small to medium-sized soft bristles that are able to get into the gum line crevice and effectively remove foreign particles and bacteria. You don’t need to splurge on any fancy, complicated, electric toothbrushes. All you need is a simple toothbrush that will get the job done.
Floss: You should have enough floss to get in between each tooth without simply transferring gunk and bacteria from one tooth to another. Get enough to use a fresh section of floss for between every tooth and avoid those short little flossy sticks.
Mouthwash: Mouthwash is often overlooked, but is essential to keeping your pearly whites as healthy as possible. Think of mouthwash as the final rinse that removes any remaining traces of residue or bacteria.
For the healthiest teeth a person can have, add a few of these trusted dental health products to your bathroom shelf.
Don’t Overdo It
After reading an article like this one, you may be running your tongue over your teeth and feeling the urge to run to the bathroom sink and give your mouth a deep cleaning, but be careful not to overdo it.
Intense oral care that is too rough or too frequent can actually do more harm than good. Neurotic dental habits have the ability to strip your teeth of protective enamel and irritate your gums. Be gentle as you care for your oral health.
Be Mindful of What You Eat
The foods you eat and the liquids you drink can have a huge impact on your oral health. Stay away from sports drinks and energy drinks, which are like acid baths for your teeth. Snack healthy throughout the day and avoid eating a lot of starchy snacks, like potato chips. These kinds of fibrous snacks have a tendency to cling to your teeth for hours after you’ve eaten them, which can result in tooth decay from the combination of prolonged exposure to acid and sugar.
Visit the Dentist Regularly
Routine visits with a professional dental healthcare provider are key to maintaining a healthy mouth. By keeping regular dental appointments, you give your dentist the opportunity to catch and correct any budding complications before they become severe. Your teeth also get a good and thorough cleaning, which reduces a buildup of plaque and bacteria.
It’s important that you go in for a dental exam at least once every six months.
Dental Phobia & How to Overcome It
Dental phobia is much more than a stubborn unwillingness to go to the dentist; this condition affects millions of people all over the world and can seriously hinder the state of your oral health. If you have a fear of the dentist, use these proven tricks to help you overcome your phobia.
Communicate with Your Dentist
Communication is key for overcoming your fear of the dentist. Before your first exam, schedule a consultation with your dentist so you can get to know him or her and have the opportunity to express your concerns. This will help you to feel more comfortable when you’re in the dental chair and your dentist will likely be able to give you a bit of reassurance.
Make a List
Grab a pen and a notebook and put your fears on paper. This will help you to uncover specific fears and better understand your phobia. You may even realize that some of your fears are irrational and you can begin to work through them.
Mentally prepare yourself for an upcoming appointment by scripting scenarios, engaging in relaxing activities, and packing a few effective methods of distraction to take with you. By means of distraction, we mean your favorite book, a pair of headphones and a tablet, or a fully charged phone equipped with a music playlist that soothes you.
Take Someone with You
If you’re feeling incredibly anxious before your appointment, you may want to consider taking someone with you to the appointment. A trusted friend or family member by your side can prove to be very useful in stressful situations.
It may sound a little juvenile, but employing a reward system is a great way to make your visit to the dentist a more positive experience. Give yourself something to look forward to during your visit, whether you treat yourself to a small indulgence or a full-blown spa day, you definitely deserve it!
It may take some time and experimenting to find the best method that works best for you. However, adopting a thorough oral health routine into your daily schedule will be well worth the trouble in the long run. With these tips and the right oral health products, you’ll be able to keep your teeth healthy and beautiful.
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Contain Some Downloadable Data Selected Full Text in Adobe PDF Format Selected Peer Reviewed articles U.S. Government Site Tips on searching
Full length journal, magazine and newspaper articles can be found in our online article collections.
Citations to articles may be found using AGRICOLA (Agriculture)
If a book or article cannot be found in PVAMU’s resources, it can usually be borrowed from another library. Fill out the Interlibrary Loan form, and please note that it may take several weeks to receive the item.
Material on Agriculture can be found in several areas in the library. Search the PVAMU Libraries Online Catalog for agriculture and related terms. Most of the books on Agriculture that can be checked out are located on the fourth floor in the S section. You’ll find useful statistics and background information in in the Reference area on the first floor in such books as:
The Coleman Library subscribes to over 140 agricultural periodicals. A complete list is available via the Library Catalog or in the Periodical Section of the Library.
Agriculture Cooperative Extension Resources: Located in the periodical section; Materials are arranged by state.
Texas Government Documents: Located in Reference Area on the back wall.
|Agriculture/ Agricultural Websites-Scholarly Research Guides:
Commercial (.com); Educational (.edu); Government (.gov); Organization (.org)
Agriculture News – Agriculture Industry Today Latest agriculture & farming news for agriculture industry professionals & analysts. Breaking ag commodities prices & trade news. http://agriculture.einnews.com/
Blog Directory Agriculture http://blogs.botw.org/Science/Agriculture/ Blog Website directory of resources related to Agriculture.
Sustainable Agriculture in the Yahoo! Directory Yahoo! reviewed these sites and found them related to Sustainable Agriculture. http://dir.yahoo.com/Science/Agriculture/Sustainable_Agriculture/
Librarians’ Internet Index Agriculture “A voluntary alliance and partnership of nearly 60 member institutions and organizations working to offer a WebPages devoted to reliable access to quality agricultural information http://liiwww.ischool.drexel.edu/pub/topic/agriculture
TAMU College of Agriculture and Life Sciences The Texas A&M University webpage with an overview, departments, programs, student organizations, scholarships, internships, events, former students, and site search on agriculture. http://aglifesciences.tamu.edu/
BIOTECHNOLOGY DICTIONARY A dictionary of the science of agriculture terms. http://filebox.vt.edu/cals/cses/chagedor/glossary.html
Agricultural Research Service, USDA The main in-house research arm of the US Department of Agriculture. Research news, find-a-researcher, consumer and educational information on a wide range. http://www.ars.usda.gov/main/main.htm
NASS – National Agricultural Statistics Service USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service Information. NASS publications cover a wide range of subjects, from traditional crops, such as corn and wheat. http://www.nass.usda.gov/index.asp
National Agricultural Library Part of the United States Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural Research Service, the NAL serves as the nation’s chief information resource for Agriculture Literature. www.nal.usda.gov/
Open Directory – Science: Agriculture Agricultural Biodiversity Weblog – Luigi Guarino and Jeremy Cherfas aim to include on this blog, nuggets of information on anything that relates to agriculture. www.dmoz.org/Science/Agriculture
The National Institute for Animal Agriculture Compiles information on serving and promoting the livestock industry in the United States. Includes downloadable technical papers, event and educational materials. www.animalagriculture.org/
Council for Agricultural Science and Technology Assembles, interprets, and communicates science-based information regionally, nationally, and internationally on food, fiber, agricultural, natural resource. www.cast-science.org/
|Internet Search Engines|
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Aim of the Project
Angiogenesis, the process by which new blood vessels are formed, is an important event in physiologic or pathological conditions. Angiogenesis associated to physiological and pathological conditions recognizes partially overlapping molecular basis. Endothelial cells and pericytes, which form capillaries, carry all genetic information to form the whole capillary network. Angiogenic and antiangiogenic molecules released by accessory cells control neovascularization, notably the migration and proliferation of endothelial cells, their morphogenetic differentiation in capillaries and the concurrent remodelling of extracellular matrix. In physiologic conditions these steps are highly regulated. In contrast, many diseases, including cancer, are driven by persistent unregulated angiogenesis.
In human and experimental cancer, the new vessels are required for a sudden availability of nutrients and are target for invading cells of tumor and many evidences support a key role of angiogenesis in the progression of this disease. At the beginning of the lesion, cancer is not vascularized and it does not grow beyond 2 mm in size unless vascularization has occurred. The appearance of a vascular stage in the natural history of tumor is associated with metastases development.
A modern hypothesis to explain the switch to the angiogenic phenotype of the tumor must take into account at least two factors. First, the formation of capillary network is due to a net balance of positive versus negative angiogenic factors produced by tumor and host infiltrating cells. Second, microvascular and capillary endothelial cells in distinct tissues display different biological properties depending on microenvironmental or genetic backgrounds. Consequently, the different properties of endothelial cells can influence their response to angiogenic and antiangiogenic molecules.
Several clinical studies showed a positive correlation between the number of vessels in the tumor and the metastases formation and the prognosis of the disease. Therefore antiangiogenesis is a major area of therapeutic development for treatment of cancer, since tumor growth and metastasis depends on angiogenesis.
However, the concept that a well established vasculature favours the progression of cancer cannot be so simply considered. There are some conflicting data, such as the observation that not all angiogenic tumors produce metastases, that metastases develop many years after the appearance of a well vascularized tumor, that metastases appear after the excision of primary tumor, or that metastases appear first and the primary cancer remains "occult". These clinical evidences suggest that a simple increase of vessels in the tumor is not always sufficient for the progression of the disease and that phenotypic differences of endothelial cells sustained by different combinations of molecules in the tumoral "milieu" (growth factors and their receptors, cytokines, autacoids, vasodilating agents, matrix components) can influence the process of expansion and metastases formation.
In consequence of these remarks it is necessary a more sophisticated evaluation of angiogenesis in cancer in order to answer the following practical questions:
Are the present tools (antibodies to vascular cells, to angiogenic factors and their receptors, cDNAs) sufficient to discriminate between angiogenesis effective or ineffectual for the progression of cancer disease?
This project is aimed to bring new insights on the angiogenesis mechanisms which favour cancer development and progression, to obtain new tools (diagnostic, therapeutic, experimental) and to reply to the above questions and better engage angiogenesis associated to cancer.
Measurable objectives we propose are distributed according to four main tasks, as following:
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Major generals are classified as O-8 on the military pay scale, which means a salary ranging from $8,270 to $11,349 per month, depending on years of service. It is possible to achieve the rank of major general with less than two years of service.
Major generals serve as vice commanders of numbered air forces consisting of several wings.
Wings are the basic organizational unit of the U.S. Air Force. Four or more squadrons make up a wing of 1,000 to 5,000 people in a single type of aircraft. There are currently 16 numbered air forces.
Two-star generals also serve as high-level staff officers at major commands and the Pentagon. The national commander of the Civil Air Patrol, an organization of about 60,000 also known as the U.S. Air Force Auxiliary, is a major general.
Promotions occur as vacancies open within the ranks of commissioned officers. Boards composed of senior officers determine which candidates are promoted based on their service records. The Secretary of Defense convenes the selection boards every year to make decisions for ranks higher than O-2 (first lieutenant). Most senior officer promotions also require confirmation by the U.S. Senate.
In addition to achievement, promotions are dictated by number of years in service and how many positions are open in each pay grade.
There were 86 active-duty major generals in the U.S. Air Force, including five women, in September 2005. Fewer than 0.5 percent of commissioned officers make it to the top three ranks.
The president nominates officers for the rank of lieutenant general, and the U.S. Senate must confirm the appointment. When a lieutenant general retires or loses that rank for some other reason, the president suggests a replacement to be promoted from the list of nominees.
The mandatory retirement age is 62, but it can be pushed to 64 in some cases. A major general must retire five years after being promoted to that rank or after 35 years of service, whichever comes first.
Demotions can result from conduct unbecoming an officer.
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Many people believe arthritis is a strictly human condition, so it will probably surprise you to know that it is also a condition that affects a large number of household pets – including cats and dogs. In fact, veterinarians state that it is one of the most commonly-seen ailments in middle-aged to older pets. At College Park Pet Wellness Clinic, our experienced vets can help you find the most effective treatment to manage your pet’s arthritis.
What is arthritis?
Arthritis is the name given to a condition whereby the joints that enable our bodies to move become inflamed, causing pain and stiffness. The inflammation may also affect the tendons and ligaments around the joint, which makes moving the affected area even more painful and difficult.
Symptoms of arthritis
In addition to pain and swelling around the joints, other symptoms of arthritis include tiredness, depression, irritability and flu-like symptoms such as a cough, sore throat or runny nose. You may also notice limping, refusing to move around as much, and licking, chewing or biting the areas of the body that are the most painful.
Is my pet at risk of developing arthritis?
It is not known exactly what causes arthritis, but problems with the autoimmune system are believed to be at least partly responsible. Nevertheless, there are some specific types and breeds of pets that are more likely to develop the condition.
Some of the key risk factors that increase your animal’s susceptibility to arthritis include:
- A genetic predisposition to the condition. For example, around 70% of certain breeds of dog, including Labradors and German Shepherds, will be affected by canine arthritis.
- Obesity places additional strain on the joints, making them more susceptible to developing arthritis.
- Joint abnormalities. If your pet suffers from joint problems, such as hip dysplasia, they are more likely to develop arthritis.
- Some infections can also affect the joints and contribute towards the development of arthritis – such as Lyme Disease and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever.
Treating arthritis in pets
As a caring and responsible owner, you will undoubtedly want to make sure that your pet is comfortable and happy for as long as possible. Unfortunately, there is currently no known cure for arthritis, but there are a variety of medications and treatments that can help prevent it from becoming too painful or debilitating for your pet.
One of the most important things that you can do for your pet is to ensure that they maintain a healthy weight. Obesity not only increases the likelihood of your pet developing arthritis but if your pet is also suffering from the condition, additional weight will almost certainly make his symptoms significantly worse. We will be able to advise you on the best way to support your pet in losing weight healthily and safely.
At College Park Pet Wellness Clinic, we will suggest that you explore different medications to help alleviate your pet’s symptoms. Some of these could include:
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). These are designed to manage the inflammation that characterizes arthritis and can help loosen joints and make them easier to move.
- These are supplements added to your pet’s food designed to support healthy joint function. These tend to contain chondroitin and glucosamine, substances naturally found in your pet’s joint cartilage. These cartilage protectors, are designed to reduced cartilage damage and degeneration.
If your pet is suffering from severe inflammation and pain, we may suggest a course of steroid injections. These can reduce swelling and discomfort, and help your pet regain some mobility. However, they do come with a risk of some unpleasant side effects. We will discuss these with you if we think your pet will benefit from these treatments.
While prescription medications and nutritional supplements may be beneficial in helping alleviate your pet’s arthritis, but there is also a range of other non-surgical therapies available. These include hot/cold therapy, acupuncture, and physical therapy. Your vet will be able to talk you through which may be beneficial for your pet, and what therapies are available in your local area.
In extremely severe cases of pet arthritis, surgery may be the most viable treatment option. Although surgery cannot cure your animal’s condition, it can potentially improve the quality of his life. As with all surgery, however, there are risks involved, and these would be explained to you during your pet’s consultation appointment.
Some of the surgical treatment options for pet arthritis include:
- This is the most minimally-invasive joint surgery currently available and can help to repair joints such as the knees, ankles, elbows, and shoulders.
- Joint fusion. During this surgery, metal implants are used to fuse damaged joints together, providing greater stability for the patient. This can be a complex surgery with a long recovery period.
- Joint replacement. This is the most severe type of surgical treatment for arthritis. The surgery itself is complex, and you can expect your pet to take several months to recover. Nevertheless, this treatment does have a success rate of around 90%.
If you are concerned that your pet is suffering from arthritis, schedule an appointment at our office as soon as possible. We will be able to perform a thorough assessment of your animal and recommend the best treatment to help your pet feel as comfortable and pain-free as possible.
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An advisory group to the European Union has suggested that the body bans systems of rating individuals automatically. In its latest report, the EU's High Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence says that "AI enabled mass scale of scoring of individuals," should be banned. In addition, instances where AI and big data could be used to identify national security threats should be tightly regulated.
The group was charged with finding ways of making AI "trustworthy and human-centric" in a future that will grow to depend upon it. Many of the recommendations, made by a team of experts that includes people from Google, IBM, and Oxford University, are sensible and common-sense. They include tools to empower people to learn about AI, training citizens to harness its power and ensure transparency.
The report also highlights growing anxiety around the use of AI and big data to create so-called "Social Credit" systems. Much in the same way that users have a credit score, used by banks to determine how reliable a debtor they are, these systems look to assign a value to how good a citizen you are. It's easy to see, however, how these processes can be used as a means of disproportionate coercion or control.
Another recommendation inside the 52-page document is to avoid "disproportionate [...] mass surveillance of individuals." The panel says that AI-enabled surveillance systems, which would intrude in everyone's lives, are "extremely dangerous." It added that governments should do their best to limit their powers in these regions and only work with AI providers who have similarly committed to respecting fundamental rights.
It's not just governmental surveillance that raises the panel's ire, but commercial surveillance the likes of which social media is famous for. It's not named, but the suggestion that "commercial surveillance of individuals [...] and society should be countered," seems squarely aimed at Facebook. Another proposal involves ensuring that AI systems should be examined for bias, and be designed to work for "everyone." That would match some equalities laws, ensuring that those with disabilities aren't left behind.
These proposals are, for now, just that, but it does seem as if the EU will trend toward a more liberal, privacy-focused interpretation of the rules. It makes sense, given that Europe has taken a much harder stance on privacy violations, now with the GDPR, than in the US. That has seen Mark Zuckerberg -- always a reluctant visitor to government -- hauled in front of officials to discuss privacy protections.
But other territories aren't just embracing the notion of social credit, they're actively announcing the creation of those systems. Line, the Asian messaging service, is adding a "proprietary scoring service," called Line Score, to its platform. It's essentially a credit-scoring system that examines their financial history, answers to a questionnaire and, interestingly, their usage of Line products.
The company says that Line Score will only be implemented with the user's consent, and will initially be used to offer promotions and deals. The fact that the system will harness AI, and pull data from Mizuho Bank, does raise some potential hackles. Line says that its scoring system will "apply scoring data to other Line services," as well as selling those scores to "third parties."
The idea of a monolithic social credit system first gained traction in China, where it allegedly controls the population to some extent. Various projects that 'rate' citizens for various elements of public behavior are, in reality, a patchwork of experiments and credit score tests. The purported aim of the system is that people will have a single figure that determines how good they are as a person.
In 2015, a dating website teamed up with Sesame, the financial services arm of Alibaba, which collected data on its 400 million users. Those individuals with good credit scores were given better placement on the dating site, and were presented as somehow more desirable.
And Social Credit, in its final form, could be a vehicle through which Chinese citizens can be controlled. Earlier this year, The Guardian reported that people were prevented from train travel as punishment for various social infractions. That included non-payment of tax and drug taking, through to "spreading false information," which is sometimes a euphemism for criticizing the communist party.
Many see social credit systems as the first step on the road to a more suppressive regime, like the one the UN found in Xinjiang. The Chinese province houses much of China's Uighur Muslim population, is subject to a totalitarian surveillance regime. Engadget has reported extensively on how the area has become a laboratory designed to build the perfect machine for societal control and repression. And, for the crime of practicing a different religion, the UN believes that more than a million Uighurs are held in what Reuters describes as "re-education centers."
Following the publication of the report, the EU will look to explore the practicalities of the recommendations in time for concrete proposals by early 2020. And, somehow, to turn that into legislation that will protect European citizens' rights in an age of big data and artificial intelligence.
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The U.S. Forest Service is planning to burn approximately 785 acres on the east side of the Pawnee National Grassland this spring. Burning will continue through March until the burn is complete if conditions allow. Burning is anticipated to take one day. Smoke may be visible from Highway 14 and nearby communities.
The area planned for burning is located in the Keota Allotment, approximately 1 mile southwest of Keota, approximately 1.5 miles north of Highway 14.
Help NFN Grow
Burning on the grasslands improves wildlife habitat, particularly for the Mountain Plover, reduces the risk of wildfire, and helps reintroduce fire into the ecosystem. Ignition of the burn will only take place if soil moisture, weather, smoke dispersal and staffing are favorable. Approximately 16 to 22 firefighters are expected to work on the burn, including up to six engines. Crews will continue to monitor the burn area until the fire is completely out.
Prescribed fires on the Pawnee National Grassland will be announced on a recorded information line at 970-498-1030. The public can also call the grassland office weekdays at 970-834-9270 for additional information. Information on this prescribed fire is also available online at https://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/5117/. If anyone would like to receive daily email notifications during the burn, please contact Reghan Cloudman at firstname.lastname@example.org. Prescribed fire smoke may affect your health. For more information see https://www.colorado.gov/pacific/cdphe/wood-smoke-and-health.
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You know when your doctor prescribed a course of antibiotics and told you to take the entire prescription? You really should've listened. Thanks to millions of misused antibiotic prescriptions worldwide (how many half-empty bottles are in your medicine cabinet right now?), the bacteria you intend to kill are getting stronger. In fact, some bacteria -- like the MRSA superbug -- are immune to select antibiotics.
This happens through the process of natural selection. People take antibiotics to wipe out the bad bacteria causing an infection. But some bacteria are stronger than others, and if you don't finish the entire regimen of antibiotics, some bacteria will survive and pass on their resistance to antibiotics.
The evolution of drug-resistant bacteria is not just the result of prescription neglect. Antibacterial and antimicrobial soap, and other cleaning products you have in your bathroom and kitchen, are also responsible. Just as antibiotic prescriptions can be misused, so, too, can antibacterial products. When was the last time you washed your hands for the full 20 seconds that the national Centers for Disease Control suggests? Twenty seconds may not sound like much, but that's as long as it takes to belt out a full version of the ABCs.
Antibacterial and antimicrobial agents were created to prevent the spread of infection in hospitals. But companies began marketing these products to everyday consumers, too. As a result, more microbes are exposed to and develop resistances to these agents.
By using more antibacterial products, people may encourage bacteria to evolve and become more virulent than they were before. Overusing antibacterial products is now a major point of study within the field of pharmacoepidemiology -- the study of how people use medicines.
If antibacterial and antimicrobial products may be a threat to public health, why are are they still on store shelves? We'll get to that, but first let's look at how antibacterial products work -- or don't work.
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An increasing number of homeowners and landowners are now turning to ground source heat pump technology as an alternative to traditional oil and LPG boilers. This is because ground source heat pumps harness free solar energy stored in the ground to provide heating and hot water to your property.
Ground source heat pumps typically produce approximately 4 units of heat for every 1 unit of electricity consumed, making them a very efficient form of heating. This is in contrast to fossil fuel boilers, which typically operate at around 80% efficiency. At today’s fuel prices, this means that ground source heat pumps will make significant running cost savings against heating oil and LPG.
As part of the UK’s commitment to tackling climate change, the Government currently incentivises the installation of ground source heat pumps. Domestic properties can receive up to around £30,000 for installing ground source heat pumps. Commercial buildings receive an ongoing tariff payment over 20 years, akin to the previous feed-in tariff for solar photovoltaic panels.
Land owner and Brexit Party MEP Rupert Lowe, is currently building a new development on his farm, and has chosen heat pumps as the source of heating and hot water.
Mr Lowe says: “I have chosen to install heat pumps at a new stable and horse training facility on my farm in Gloucestershire. Heat pumps are definitely the way to go now as they’ll cost me far less to run than oil or LPG. I’m also going to get a good return on investment under the Government Renewable Heat Incentive scheme, which is paying me for installing green technology”
If you don’t have the land available for ground source heating, or you do and prefer not to use it, modern air source heat pumps offer similar levels of efficiency and are also incentivised by the Government.
Alto Energy is the UK distributor for IVT heat pumps. IVT, one of Europe’s leading ground source and air source heat pump manufacturers, is based in Sweden and is owned by Bosch. There are over 8,000 IVT heat pumps already installed in the UK. All products come with a 5 year parts and labour warranty as standard, extendable up to 15 years, and are fully supported by a nationwide team of heat pump engineers.
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Science Daily on animal pharmacology as part of the ecosystem:
It’s been known for decades that animals such as chimpanzees seek out medicinal herbs to treat their diseases. But it now appears that the practice of animal self-medication is a lot more widespread than previously thought, according to University of Michigan ecologist Mark Hunter and his colleagues.
Animals use medications to treat various ailments through both learned and innate behaviors. The fact that moths, ants and fruit flies are now known to self-medicate has profound implications for ecology and evolution.
Wood ants incorporate an antimicrobial resin from conifer trees into their nests, preventing microbial growth in the colony. Parasite-infected monarch butterflies protect their offspring against high levels of parasite growth by laying their eggs on anti-parasitic milkweed. Lacking many of the immune-system genes of other insects, honeybees incorporate antimicrobial resins into their nests.
“Perhaps the biggest surprise for us was that animals like fruit flies and butterflies can choose food for their offspring that minimizes the impacts of disease in the next generation,” Hunter said.
The authors also note that the study of animal medication will have direct relevance for human food production. Disease problems in agricultural organisms can worsen when humans interfere with the ability of animals to medicate, they point out.
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Robert Merton mentions how the American society puts a lot of people into deviance behavior, he says, “people act in immoral ways to achieve success.” So could bullies in school be considered in one of Merton’s modes of adaptation to anomie? Is it believable to say that bullying is a way that some students act to achieve success? Lately, bullying in schools have been highly known and informed to unaware parents, children and teachers, due to the many complaints from victims who were bullied. There are a variety of reasons why some students bully in school; some are from social rejection, lack of attention at home, and academic failure. Looking at these reasons, Merton could say that the mode of adaptation to anomie for bullies is innovation. These “bullies” mostly likely know what it takes to do well in school, however their lack of support at home from their parents, whether its emotionally or financially, causes them to stress- bottling up their emotions and taking it out on others verbally or physically, because in their current situations, they may not believe that they can grasp the opportunities like others who are not going through the same issues to succeed in school.
akeya928 on FASHION- BLOG # 3 akeya928 on Blogpost #5-Goffman akeya928 on Charlotte Perkins Gilman: Gend… akeya928 on Blog: Goffman “England riots:…
- Nicole Hala
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A most impressive selection!
"Taworri" means evening breeze...read on!
TRADITIONAL PLACE NAMES
Awabakal Aboriginal Words of the Lake Macquarie area.
NAMES OF AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINAL TRIBES
An extensive list with alternative names and component tribes
AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINAL TRIBES
This is the full catalogue of Aboriginal language groups. Well worth
STREET & PLACE NAMES
Some really great names here, with their meanings.
AUSTRALIAN PLACE NAMES OF ABORIGINAL ORIGIN
Huge list of Australian suburbs and towns, with meanings, descriptions and location.
ABORIGINAL STREET NAMES
I really enjoy this selection!
SYDNEY HARBOUR ABORIGINAL PLACE NAMES
Complete with all their meanings.
ABORIGINAL CLAN NAMES OF SYDNEY REGION
List of names as documented between 1788-1800
Alphabetic dictionary of the Australian Aboriginal language Ayapathu, spoken in central Cape York Peninsula, North Queensland, Australia.
ABORIGINAL TRIBAL NAMES FOR DIDGERIDOO
Australian Aboriginal tribes and cultures from different regions in Australia use different
names for the didgeridoo.
UNIQUELY AUSTRALIAN WORDS
A selection of words including those taken from
Indigenous languages into English.
A database of words related to Aborigines of the Newcastle area
ABORIGINAL BIRD AND PLACE NAMES
In Australia there were many tribal languages and dialects, so that words differed from tribe to tribe
NAMES OF ABORIGINAL GODS
There are many gods/goddesses with the same function but different names, and stories, according to each tribe
NAMES OF AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINAL GODS
List of ancient and actual deities in the different religions, cultures and mythologies
A list of aboriginal words with their meanings
WORDS OF THE KUTTHUNG LANGUAGE
List of words translated into English
AUSTRALIAN PLACE NAMES
In English & Guugu Yimithirr, Dyirbal, Gooniyandi,
Arabana-Wangkangurru, Yagara and Yugambeh languages
THE WAGIMAN SEARCHABLE ONLINE ABORIGINAL DICTIONARY
dictionary, texts, and other information about Wagiman, a language of the Northern Territory.
KAMILAROI/GAMILARAAY ABORIGINAL DICTIONARY
Aboriginals word from English words
ABORIGINAL LANGUAGES OF
An truly comprehensive site!
List of names, words & meanings
Simple list of names from the North Australian language with no
description or meanings
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Two year olds have a naturally strong curiosity about the expanding world, so teachers will introduce a wealth of classic children’s stories, nursery rhymes and literature during a daily story time. Children begin to experience activities through free choice learning centers, including puzzles, age-appropriate toys, dramatic play, water play, blocks and art. Language skills are enhanced by singing songs and participating in group discussions.
Teachers send home daily reports, giving parents the opportunity to follow along with your child’s progress.
|7:00 a.m. – 8:15 a.m.||Free Play||Children arrive and engage in self-guided play, all centers are open.|
|8:15 a.m. – 9:30 a.m.||Breakfast and Free Play||Children engage in self-guided play, all centers are open. Morning snack is served.|
|9:30 a.m. – 10:30 a.m.||Circle Time and Learning Centers||This morning time allows children to enjoy language development activities (finger plays, songs, stories) and daily exercise. Children participate in free play with theme-related learning centers that are open at all times to offer them choices on how they’d like to learn and play.|
|10:30 a.m. – 11:00 a.m.||Outdoor Play and Learning Centers||Weather permitting, children engage in physical fitness and outdoor play, stretching their growing muscles. If weather does not permit, children participate in cooperative games and gross motor activities.|
|11:00 a.m. – 12:00 p.m.||Lunch||A hot, nutritious lunch is provided. Children gain valuable social skills and healthy eating habits are encouraged during this time.|
|12:00 p.m. – 2:30 p.m.||Rest/Nap Period||Children rest quietly as they prepare for a fun afternoon. Individual activities are provided as children awaken or those who do not sleep.|
|2:30 p.m. – 3:00 p.m.||Snack||Children are provided with a yummy afternoon snack.|
|3:00 p.m. – 4:00 p.m.||Small Group Activity or Learning Centers||Children participate in fingerplays, art activities, storytelling. Learning centers are open for free play.|
|4:00 p.m. – 4:45 p.m.||Outdoor Play and Learning Centers||Weather permitting, children engage in physical fitness and outdoor play. If weather does not permit, children participate in cooperative games and gross motor activities.|
|5:00 p.m. – 6:00 p.m.||Learning Centers||As the day draws to an end, children enjoy group games and free play at all open learning centers, which include music, sensory play, art, and more!|
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Filed under Monarch Population Status | No Comments »
Last year was a disaster for monarchs. The spring, summer, and fall droughts in different portions of the country limited reproduction in the spring and summer and survival of the migrating population in the fall. The result was the lowest overwintering population in Mexico recorded to date – only 28.3 million monarchs. Late in the winter (early March) severe storms added significantly to the usual mortality of the overwintering butterflies. Worried about the coming year I ran a few calculations and estimated that as few as 4.9 million females survived to lay eggs in the southern states in March and April. I had a hard time envisioning how the population could recover; however, they did and the overwintering population this year could be 80-100 million butterflies.
How did they recover? The explanation appears to be weather extremes and fire ants. Severe droughts not only affect monarchs but all other insects that feed on soft bodied insects – such as predatory and parasitic wasps, and fire ants. In most instances, populations of predators and parasites decline even further than those of their prey – and recover more slowly. The droughts in Texas were followed by heavy fall rains, rain throughout the winter, and even good spring rains. The result was a lush spring in Texas and one with relatively few predators and parasites. Monarchs and numerous other butterflies that migrate out of Texas in the spring produced enormous numbers of offspring which migrated into the midwest in May and June. The numbers of monarchs were sufficient to recolonize nearly all of the breeding area even up to 50 degrees N (Winnipeg) and reproduction was normal to above normal in most of the breeding areas throughout the summer.
My speculation about the role of fire ants received a boost recently with the arrival of a newsletter from the fire ant research group at Texas A & M University. For months they had been fielding “Where are the fire ants”? questions from people all over Texas and Oklahoma. It appears that fire ants are down over large areas of Texas and seem to have disappeared from much of the Red River Valley in Oklahoma. They attributed the decline to the drought of 2000 and flooding that followed in the fall and winter.
Let’s hope the fire ants stay down for awhile!
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Interpersonal communication, which has always been challenging for many, is further complicated today by convenient technology that can shield us from face-to-face communication or telephone dialogue. A client recently explained her preference for excessive text messaging (hundreds a day) because she appreciated its ability to help her avoid awkward gaps in conversation.
The art of conversation may soon be extinct, as those who remember the good old days of dialogue without a device, become outnumbered by those who do not. And this allows women who might already experience some degree of social anxiety to avoid practicing communicating and overcoming conversation stumpers.
But as professional women, we will all, at some point, need to interact with clients, peers and managers; and since we are socially expected to be naturally better at conversation than men, communication skills are critical to business success.
If you are painfully shy, your conversations may regularly end abruptly or in frequent misunderstandings. If you feel that your input is frequently overlooked or dismissed, your communication skills may need honing. Here’s how to address both problems.
1. Ask an icebreaker question.
For example, asking where someone was born and raised allows you to share information you might know about the person’s home state or to inquire about that part of the country and what made her relocate. Most people respond favorably to those who show interest in them as long as the questions asked are not intrusive or too personal. For instance, in a first conversation, try to avoid touchy topics like medical issues, age, or income—and don’t volunteer too much detail about your own medical issues, income, personal tragedy, family conflicts, or sources of extreme anger and annoyance. The goal for casual conversation is just that—casual. Look for changes in gestures or facial expressions that indicate a person might be uncomfortable or irritated by a particular subject. Think of a few appropriate questions (i.e., not just weather or movies) to keep on hand for a chance meeting that requires small talk.
2. Use minimal verbal encouragers to seem responsive.
Nodding and saying things like “right” or “I see what you mean” during natural breaks in the conversation let her know you’re listening and are engaged. Most people naturally pause and wait for encouraging sounds from the other person that assure them that they’ve been heard. They’re hardly noticeable when present, but when they’re missing, their absence is representative of what researcher and psychologist Dr. John Gottman refers to as a “failed bid” for another’s attention, humor or support. Too many failed bids may kill your conversation. Also, intersperse comments about yourself with questions about the other person’s life experiences. Try to make regular eye contact—and, whenever possible, avoid taking cell phone calls or allowing children to consistently interrupt adult dialogue.
3. Resist the urge to brag, name-drop or interrupt.
Do you know someone who allows you to speak only until she can seize control and dominate the rest of the conversation? It’s annoying, right? For example, imagine initiating a conversation about a dental problem you’re experiencing only to have someone cut you off to begin telling the story of her dental woes, never to return to your original comments. Try to listen slightly more than you speak. Co-Active Coaching authors Laura Whitworth, Karen and Henry Kimsey-House, and Phillip Sandahl describe three levels of listening. At level one, awareness is on ourselves, and we listen for how others’ conversations apply to our own needs. Level two is defined by a sharp focus on another person, where we listen with empathy, clarification, and collaboration. At level three, we do both. Try to be completely engaged in what another person is saying without being preoccupied with thoughts of a rebuttal or reply.
4. Avoid providing too much detail.
Droning on and on about details that do not enrich your story or add to the punch line encourages listeners to tune out, discarding unconsciously what they’ve already determined is superfluous commentary. People who chatter excessively tend to believe they have to justify their actions and decisions by sharing every phase of their thought process. Stay focused and your conversation will be more compelling.
By Pamela Thompson, Psy.D. is a practicing psychologist and a member of the Novem Group, a life/relationship/executive coaching firm made up of seven psychologists.
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HOUSEHOLDS in the East Riding recycled 60 per cent of their waste last month (June 2012).
That 60 per cent recycling rate is based on the collections from the blue recycling bins, the brown bins for composting and the waste taken to the 10 household waste recycling sites.
- 1,872 tonnes of recyclables, ie glass, paper, plastics, cans and Tetra Pak, was collected from the blue bins last month, a jump of 45 per cent in just one year.
- 5,260 tonnes of garden waste, food waste and cardboard was collected from the brown bins, an increase of 19 per cent.
- The waste in the green bins, which goes to landfill, was down by 15 per cent. This means that 941 tonnes less waste was sent to landfill last month compared with June last year, making a saving on landfill tax.
Councillor Symon Fraser, East Riding of Yorkshire Council’s portfolio holder for environment, housing and planning, said: “Our residents are up there, among the best in the country when it comes to recycling. Month by month, since the beginning of this year, the recycling rate has steadily gone up and the amount of waste sent to landfill has been going down.”
The Holderness specific figures for last month are:
- 188 tonnes of glass, paper, plastics, cans and Tetra Pak was collected from the blue recycling bins, 34 tonnes more than in June last year, a 22 per cent increase.
- The amount of waste collected from the green landfill bins in the Holderness area last month was 15 per cent less than in June last year.
In April, the council started a trial in six areas across the East Riding based on fortnightly collections of the blue recycling bins and the green landfill bins. The trial was extended in June to provide a fuller picture of the varying areas and demographics. Streets in Burstwick, Keyingham and Thorngumbald are among those taking part in the trial.
The recycling rate in the six trial areas was 70 per cent, with a big drop of 22 per cent in the waste being put in the green landfill bins.
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Instincts are not some weird mystical power that are only found in the animal kingdom.
Gut instincts are defined as: an innate, typically fixed pattern of behaviour in animals in response to certain stimuli.
We are born with instincts to help us survive. As much as we may pretend we are not, we are very much animals; why do we try to deny this?
That is not to say that we aren’t incredibly smart or that we aren’t capable of complex thinking. But even though we are very intelligent, our minds are also very clever and like to try to trick us.
Instinctually we know when to run from predators; when we are babies, we know how to feed from our mothers and we know when something just feels ‘off’. The problem is when our sixth sense shouts a warning, we stall and we think.
We are always thinking!
Instincts are a deep twinge or pull towards something buried deep within us, but what they are not is in our heads; instincts are not our thoughts. Let’s try to find our way back to our basic survival skills. Here are just a few punches in the gut we shouldn’t ignore.
1. You are in danger
We sometimes question if our natural reaction is justified; am I really in danger, or is my mind overreacting? If you feel like someone is following you, instead of running for the nearest house our mind takes over and we start to think and rationalize, “of course no one is following me.” If something in your gut is telling you you’re being followed, don’t think, act! This can apply to health problems as well. If your gut instinct tells you something is wrong, listen to it.
Having said this, there are some mental disorders that result in paranoia or create hypochondriac tendencies, but let’s not confuse this or analyze it too much. Take this at face value knowing that of course there are exceptions, but under normal circumstances we need to listen to our gut instinct.
2. Trust your first impressions
Have you ever had a knee jerk first impression that something is just ‘off’ about someone. This innate first impression is soon lost to labels; he is a doctor or she is a grandmother. Later you might be shocked to discover that very grandmother was abusing your child at daycare. Why are you so shocked? You already knew something was wrong!
Trust your instincts.
We also need to remember that our minds are tricky; trusting your sixth sense is not implying that you should walk around with guarded suspicion of everyone you meet. Do what you can to protect yourself from the harmful actions of others without fabricating instincts that really aren’t there.
Is your gut reaction coming from your mind or from the core of your being?
Another common mistaken belief is that trusting your instincts is ‘judging a book by its cover.’ It is significantly different; your instincts do not form an opinion of someone based on social status or looks.
3. Am I making the right life decision
On another level your sixth sense might be urging you to reconsider where you are in life. The signs might be more subtle than the flashing, red siren of a masked man following you but if you pay attention they are quietly telling you something feels off. Maybe you’re going against the flow of where you should be in your career or relationship. Often we go against the grain, we don’t listen to our gut. The problem is that if we aren’t in the right place – following our values and needs – we can’t be happy.
Why don’t we listen?
4. This feels comfortable, just right
Whether it’s your job, partner, a life decision, where you live or who your friends are, when things feel comfortable, don’t fight it, smile and relax into the fact that you are exactly where you are supposed to be.
When it comes to big life decisions, we tend to over think and over analyze. This just leads to confusing the situation, and we can often make poor, fear-based decisions. Instead of following your initial instinct, you mull things over and often make decisions based out of fear of making the wrong decision, which in fact can lead you to making the wrong decision.
5. Doing something you’re comfortable with
When you are comfortable with something, whether it be your job, a musical interest, photography or sports, it’s important to trust your innate reflexes in that area. If you know you can do it, trust your gut, not your head. Once we get in our heads, we often choke. Look at athletes; they often will miss a shot entirely, all because they got stuck in their heads.
When you’re in the groove of playing the piano, let the notes passionately fly from your fingers, but stay out of your head.
Developing your instincts might take some work. After all, we have been repressing our natural state of being for a long time now.
Meditation is a great tool to learn to tap into your inner voice, quiet incessant thinking, and experience your pure, natural energy.
“Practice meditation, meditation will give you the habits to allow space and clarity in to your life to allow you to recognize your instincts buried under all that thinking. Tune In: You may be able to better follow your heart (and your sweat glands) by practicing meditation. A 2005 study found that in meditators, brain regions associated with sensitivity to the body’s signals and sensory processing had more gray matter. The greater the meditation experience, the more developed the brain regions.” ~ Oprah.com
Let’s enjoy some silence so that we can help that small voice trapped deep inside of us come to the surface. We might not be able to taste, touch, smell, listen or see our sixth sense, but it’s at the core of all of us.
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This essay has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers.
Recruitment and selection are important functions of human resource management. The current environment has changed the traditional processes of recruitment and selection. Now the firms' are highly keen to hire right people in order to succeed in the market. This suggest that the traditional forms of recruitment and selection like advertisement in newspapers, interview and references etc shows radical changes in the current environment of hiring process. Both these functions, recruitment and selection, are almost simultaneous and they are not complete without each other.
Recruitment and selection differ with each other in their essence. The recruitment process precedes selection and it paved the way in selecting a right candidate. The recruitment can be defined as:
EDWIN FLIPPO, "Recruitment is the process of searching for prospective employees and stimulating them to apply for jobs in the organization."
The recruitment process helps to attract adequate potential candidates to meet the requirements and challenges of the organization and it facilitates the process of selection. In selection process a handsome data of eligible and potential candidates is gathered in order to select most suitable individuals. Recruitment is the firs step to contact with potential candidate.
The need of recruitment is essential and this need occurs as a result of the business growth, diversification, and expansion of the business activities. The recruitment need is also urged due to promotion, transfer, termination or retirement etc. At this stage the existing staff becomes inadequate and it becomes difficult to manage and control the business operation effectively. The purpose and importance of recruitment is to assess and forecast the present and future needs of staff and to help to select right candidate in order to get best services and retain for a long time and evaluate the process of recruitment.
The sources of recruitment are of two types, it is internal and external recruitment. The internal sources includes promotions, transfers, internal advertisement, retirements, recall former employees etc. and external sources include press advertisements, graduate recruitments, recruitment agencies and walk-ins etc. The internal recruitment seeks to fill the position from within the organization. Both external and internal recruitment sources have merits and demerits.
Now the selection involves the process picking the right applicant from the pool of the potential candidates, who has the best requiring qualification, skills and competencies against the filling position. Recruitment and selection both are the two phases of employment process. We can say that selection is a late stage of recruitment. Selection is a long process and it starts with initial interviews of the screened applicants and continues to tests, informal interviews, formal interviews, final interviews, job offer, induction and end with employment contract, evaluation and end of the contract.
There are lot of factors that affect the process of recruitment and selection. These factors can be from internal and external environment. The external factors include supply and demand, labour market, image/ goodwill, soci-economic and political environment, unemployment rate and competitors. The internal environment is related to within the organization and it can be among the recruitment policies, human resource planning, size of the firm, and cost of recruitment, growth and organizational culture.
The recruitment and selection are the dynamic and most important functions of human resource management because it's the people who make and break the organization. Informational technology has changed the world of the business and the people as connected with each other as much as never before. People have access to latest products and services. Now the national borders are becoming more and more irrelevant. More and more firms are going to offshore in order to get the benefits of profit and to reduce the cost. The firms are establishing their operational setups, production units, more and more mergers and acquisitions are taking place. So in order to control offshore subsidiaries there is need to hire appropriate human resources. It's a very critical and crucial stage to recruit and select the eligible candidates because there is lot of cross culture differences.
Advantages and disadvantages of Informal Methods of Recruitment and Selection:
The firms use both formal and informal methods in the process of recruitment and selection. Both methods have advantages and disadvantages. The informal method includes such like promotion within the organization, inter-departmental transfers, internal employment notices, through references, pick a well known professional of competitor organization and through him try to attract the whole team, recall the retired, internee and former employees and the from those institution who are producing relevant professionals. The more informal methods include such as word of mouth and speculative applications. This method is usually adopted during the hiring of low level staff and it is an unstructured method. These informal methods vary from country to country. One informal methods used in UK can be different what id utilized in USA. In some countries applicants are more attracted by blind applications where there is no organization name and salaries offered. In such cases people pay heavy fees to recruitment agencies. The role of recruitment agencies is also increasing day by day. But on the other hand in some countries one of the main sources of recruitment is through relatives, friends or acquaintances of exiting employees. "In-------- certain part of Africa, where you studied is not as important as whom you know, and the people you know may be more important than what you know". (Langtry, 1994).
This nepotistic approach can be found throughout the world but it varies in degree from country to country. When this approach is adopted in recruitment and selection process, it based more on informal methods. The informal methods of recruitment and selection have advantages and disadvantages as well. The informal method is quick and cost effective. When an employee is hired informally from within the organization, it gives satisfaction to the hired or promoted individual. No high hiring time is associated with this method so there are chances of wrong selection and this is the drawback. when the position are filled promptly, internally, or through some reference, it may give benefits for short term but there are chances to miss the potential fresh talent, skills and competencies and this may result as overall loss for the organization in long terms. Another disadvantage is that it brings resentment and professional jealousy among coworkers when one is promoted or an employee brings his kin to a position, it's naturally tends to develop a sense of jealousy. In informal methods sometimes we don't care and we are not able to asses the employees individual needs, recruiting for the foreign subsidiary, it can be difficult for such employees to adjust in the firm's culture and a miss-fit individual can create problems and he could not attain the desired level of satisfaction and ultimately they will not be able to produce those result for which they are hired.
Role of Recruitment Agencies and Advantages and Disadvantages:
The firms are stepping to offshore markets, they are facing problems while hiring appropriate employees because they are unaware of that particular market and culture of that country, as a consequence private recruitment agencies emerged to fill this gap. There are different types of recruitment agencies working in the markets but the major five are following: traditional agency, headhunters, niche recruiters, in-house recruitment and passive candidate research firms and sourcing firms. These agencies play a middle role between the employers and the job seeker. These agencies usually charge the employer for their services and they not charge the applicants. These agencies have certain advantages and disadvantages for the employers.
Among the advantages of recruitment agencies is that they save the time and they cost low to the firms. They have a good pool of qualified and skilled candidates and they can easily manage much or little requirement of the company. It helps the organization to get free from about the human resource planning in advance. These agencies help the top management to focus on more strategic level of human resource management instead of recruitment process. These agencies stop to leak the confidential information of an employer firm to the competitors like job descriptions, pay package, skills and qualifications etc…..if these things advertise in the paper than it may be possible that your competitor can react with more aggressive strategy. There is lot of recruitment agencies working in the market and sometimes it becomes time consuming and wastage of money to select a recruitment agency and to evaluate that which will be useful or not for long-terms. These recruitment agencies are like a 'breathing insulator' as they are sometimes considered. The employers just keep in mind that they are not working specifically with employers' best interests. They are just doing business and it depends on what is your part in their business means how much business you are giving to them and what is their credibility and market standing. They can betray you for their better business may be provided by your competitors.
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Begusarai is a city in the state of Bihar and serves as the administrative headquarters of the district. Begusarai is located on the northern bank of the Holy Ganges river.
Tourist Places In And Around Begusarai
Begusarai tourism has promising tourist destinations of its own that can delight easily. The Kanwar Lake Bird Sanctuary and Naula Garh are the prime attractions of Begusarai tourism. The best months to visit the city are from October to March, before the heat sets in.
Begusarai – The Queen's Retreat
The origins of the name of the city are truly unique. Apparently, the name comes from the synthesis of the words “Begum” meaning queen and “sarai” meaning inn. It is belived that the Begum of Bhagalpur visited the “Simaria Ghat” a place of worship along the banks of Ganga for the duration of one month. Overtime, the place began to be identified as the queen’s retreat, thus Begusarai.
A Little More About Begusarai
Begusarai used to be a part and parcel of the Munger district previously and has a distinct presence of its own. Begusarai has the distinctions of being the birthplace of the illustrious Hindi poet Rashtrakavi Ramdhari Singh and distinguished historian Professor Ram Saran Sharma.
A striking feature of Begusarai is that the city has traditionally been a communist stronghold and was previously referred to as the “Leningrad of Bihar”.
Being a part of the Gangetic plains of the Indian subcontinent, Begusarai witnesses the regular climatic seasons.
How To Reach Begusarai
Begusarai is seated in the heart of the Ganga plain. The main rivers flowing through the district are Bainty, Baya, Burhi Gandak, Balan and Chandrabhaga. Begusarai is adequately connected to other parts of Bihar as well as India through a formidable network of railways and roadways.
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Please see the attached file for full questions.
1. Consider the following reaction: 2N2O(g) -> 2N2(g) + O2(g)
a. express the rate of the reaction with respect to each of the reactants & products.
b. In the first 10s of the reaction, .018 mol of O2 is produced in a reaction vessel with a volume of .250L. what is the average rate of the reaction over this time interval?
c. Predict the rate of change in the concentration of N2O over this time interval. In other words, what is delta[N2O]/delta t ?
2. Consider the following reaction: NO2 -> NO(g) + 1/2O2(g)
the following data were collected for the concentration of NO2 as a function of time:
time(s): 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100
[NO2]: (M) 1.0, .951, .904, .860, .818, .778, .740, .704, .670, .637, .606
a. what is the average rate of the reaction between 10 and 20s? between 50 and 60s?
b. what is the rate of formation of O2 between 50 and 60s?
3. A reaction in which A, B, and C react to form products is zero order in A, one half order in B, and second order in C.
a. write a rate law for the reaction.
b. What is the overall order of the reaction?
c. By what factor does the reaction rate change if [A] is doubled? (and the others are constant)
d. By what factor does the reaction rate change if [B] is doubled? (and the others are constant)
e. By what factor does the reaction rate change if [C] is doubled? (others are constant)
f. By what factor does the reaction rate change if the concentration of all 3 reactants are doubled?
This solution explains how to solve a variety of reaction rate problems.
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A group of researchers at the Institute for Heart Vascular and Stroke Care and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, led by Jeremy N. Ruskin, MD, performed a comprehensive meta-analysis of all the studies they could find with a mention of the link between atrial fibrillation (A-fib) and silent strokes (SCI, silent cerebral infarction).
They analyzed eleven studies which fulfilled their criteria for quality and study subject parameters: adults (aged 50-84) with or without A-fib, and no history of stroke or heart valve abnormalities (which can cause both stroke and A-fib). They reviewed the records of 5,317 qualified subjects who had MRI and/or CT scan evidence of SCI; they found that having A-fib conferred over a two-fold higher risk of SCI, as compared to those without the arrhythmia.
A-fib affects more than 2.7 million people in the U.S. and is the most common arrhythmia in the elderly, with a projected prevalence of 5.6 to 12.1 million by 2050, the researchers told journalists from MedPage Today. Patients with A-fib have a four- to five-fold increased risk for clinically evident stroke, and they are also at risk for larger brain infarctions and worse outcomes following stroke, compared with the general population. A recent meta-analysis showed A-fib to be associated with a 40% increase in the risk for cognitive impairment. The association was independent of symptomatic stroke history and other comorbid conditions, such as advanced age, hypertension, heart failure, and diabetes.
ACSH s Dr. Gil Ross had this comment: A-fib is most often asymptomatic. But the absence of palpitations the most common warning sign does not mean there is no danger. The ineffective contractions of the heart s upper chambers (the atria), the hallmark of A-fib, allows blood to pool or stagnate in those smaller chambers, and clots form. Those clots, when pumped out into the systemic circulation via the arteries, become emboli. When an embolus of the right size travels to a major brain artery and blocks it, the resultant oxygen deprivation causes death of part of the brain: a stroke (medically, infarction ). We noted recently that two different studies strongly linked strokes of unknown cause to A-fib: patients with A-fib were six-fold more likely to have cryptogenic stroke. Now we see that asymptomatic ( silent ) strokes are also associated with A-fib. This is no surprise; but all these data increase the urgency of communicating to doctors in every field the need for effective anticoagulation therapy in A-fib patients to prevent this devastating outcome.
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Important Events From This day in History December 3rd
Find Out What happened 3rd December This Day in History on your birthday
Find Out For Next 7 Days - December
1984 - India - - Bhopal Chemical Accident
Thousands of people die from the effects of toxic gases which leaked from Bhopal Union Carbide Factory near the central Indian city of Bhopal. The leak also caused injuries to nearly 250,000 more with over 10,000 have since died from toxic gas related diseases. The cause of the leaks was traced to most of the safety systems not working and the deaths and injuries were caused by exposure to the highly toxic gasses.
1967 - South Africa - - First Heart Transplant
Surgeons at the Groote Shuur Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa, led by Dr. Christiaan Barnard, perform the first human heart transplant. Find More What happened in 1967
1900 - South Africa - - The Boer War
The Boer War in South Africa was dominating the news of the day and the British had 400 soldiers captured. One British official said, "Undoubtedly the situation is serious. It resembles in many ways America's trouble with the Filipinos. We cannot expect to crush the opposition for some time."
1921 - U.S.A. - - A Warless World
All over the United States members of the United Societies for Christian Endeavour were advocating a war-less world. They circulated petitions to send to President Harding so he could influence members of the disarmament meeting that was being held in Washington.
1933 - France - - Gold Goes Missing
France's loss of gold was 1,160,000,000 francs or $57,200,000 in the space of a short time and its economy was based on it. Although it was not completely certain where all the gold went, some of it ended up in Britain, Holland, Switzerland, and private French citizens accounts. All the worry about gold diminished its price on the London open market.
1943 - Hungary - - Concentration Camps
In Budapest more than 2,000 citizens in cafes and restaurants were arrested allegedly to "combat a wave of defeatism" a Turkish report said. Those captured were held on trumped up charges of spreading lies about what was happening in Africa and Russia. Some prisoners were released, but most went to concentration camps.
1944 - Greece - - Civil War
Following the liberation of Greece by British forces from German forces a civil war breaks out in Athens as communist guerrillas battle democratic forces for control of a liberated Greece.
1957 - Algeria - - Independence
France was struggling to hold Algeria and it was costing the French government $2,380,000 a day. The issue of Algerian independence was a contentious one and was debated constantly. Premier Maurice Bourges-Maunory's government fell because it was against Algeria's autonomy.
1964 - U.S.A. - - Students Arrested
Police arrested some 800 students at the University of California at Berkeley, one day after the students stormed the administration building and staged a massive sit-in.
1965 - U.S.A. - - Ku Klux Klansmen Convicted of Murder
An all-white jury in the southern US state of Alabama has convicted three Ku Klux Klansmen over the murder of white civil rights activist Viola Liuzzo.
1967 - U.S.A. - - 20th Century Limited
The express passenger train "20th Century Limited" ends over 60 years of service when it takes its last run from New York City to Chicago.
1971 - India / Pakistan - - War
Border battles between India and Pakistan erupt into full-scale war when jets from West Pakistan attack at least four Indian airports.
1974 - England - - Economic Crisis
In the midst of a terrible economic crisis, the Labor government of Britain was going to slash defense budgets by $464 million initially and then up to $1.74 billion by 1980. The areas most affected would be east of the Suez.
1979 - U.S.A. - - Who Concert
Eleven Who fans are killed and dozens are injured in a crush of people trying to get into the Riverfront Coliseum in Cincinnati, Ohio. when thousands of fans (with first-come, first-served festival seating tickets) rush towards the locked doors when they mistook the sound check for the concert having started.
1986 - China - - MBA Courses
After President Reagan's historic visit to China in 1984, an MBA course was sponsored by both Chinese and American governments. Thirty-nine Chinese students were to be become "experts in capitalism" and U.S. businesses were partnering with them. Chairman Deng Xiaoping was moving China further down the road to capitalism and industrialization.
1988 - U.K. - - Salmonella in Eggs
Health minister Edwina Currie declares during a television interview "Most of the egg production in this country, sadly, is now affected with salmonella," . This caused a major storm with many calling for her resignation.
1989 - Malta - - Summit Ends Cold War
The leaders of the two world superpowers, the US President George Bush and Soviet leader, Mikhail Gorbachev declare an end to the Cold War ( The Malta summit is regarded as the official end of the Cold War ).
1992 - U.K. - - Manchester Bombing
Two bombs planted by the IRA explode in the centre of Manchester injuring 65 people, A telephone warning of other devices force police to evacuate the whole of the city centre causing widespread disruption.
1996 - Japan - - US Soldiers
After three American soldiers sexually assaulted and kidnapped a young Okinawan girl in 1995, military changes were promised by the U.S. . One of the changes was to relocate the heliport from Futenma on Okinawa to Camp Schwah.
1997 - Canada - - Anti-personnel Landmine Treaty
121 countries sign the treaty prohibiting manufacture and deployment of anti-personnel land mines in Ottawa, but the big three refuse to sign the treaty, the United States, People's Republic of China, and Russia.
1999 - Space - - Mars Polar Lander
NASA loses contact with Mars Polar Lander shortly before it's planned atmospheric entry, the failure of the mission was blamed on a software error.
2002 - U.S.A. - - Priests Abuse Uncovered
Thousands of personnel files released under a court order showed that the Archdiocese of Boston went to great lengths to hide priests accused of abuse, including clergy who allegedly snorted cocaine and had sex with girls aspiring to be nuns.
2006 - Iran - - Missile Testing
Iran made a show of strength by testing missiles some of which could reach Israel. The tests occurred after an American-led warship did military exercises in the Persian Gulf. Iran and the West continue to be in conflict over Iran's nuclear power program.
2006 - Chile - - Augusto Pinochet in Hospital
Chile's former leader, Augusto Pinochet, is reported as being in a serious condition after his heart attack. He is currently in a military hospital in Santiago, and recovering from the operation he had. He had been put under house arrest a few days before the heart attack. Medical staff have reported that he will be needing a ‘second intervention.
2007 - Bali - - Climate Summit
Participants in the U.N. climate summit are discussing how to reduce greenhouse gas emissions after the Kyoto Protocol's targets expire. Talks will center on whether a further set of targets is needed. This is the first such meeting since the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (I.P.C.C.) warned that evidence for global warming was 'unequivocal.' The two- week gathering in Bali, Indonesia, will also be debating on how to help poorer nations cope in a warming world.
2007 - U.S.A. - - National Intelligence Estimate on Iranian Development of Nuclear Weapons Published
The National Intelligence Estimate (N.I.E.) has judged with a high degree of confidence that Iran halted its nuclear weapons program in 2003. It does, however, assess that Tehran is keeping the option to develop nuclear weapons open. There is confidence that the halt, and Tehran's announcement of its decision to suspend its declared uranium enrichment program, as well as sign an Additional Protocol to its Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Safeguards Agreement, was made in response to the increasing international scrutiny and pressure on its previously undeclared nuclear work. Iran has welcomed the N.I.E. report that suggests that its government is not trying to develop nuclear weapons at this time.
2008 - U.S.A. - - Congresswoman hangs up on Obama
U.S. Congresswoman Ileana Ros-Lehtinen assumed that she was being hoaxed when a man who purported to be Barack Obama called her. She hung up on him. The man was the President-elect, and it took him two further calls before Ms Ros- Lehtinen was convinced that the call was genuine.
2011 - Burma - - Burmese President Signs Law to Allow Protests
President Thein Sein of Burma has signed a law that would allow peaceful demonstrations to take place in the country for the first time. The new law would allow people to protest as long as they asked for approval at least five days prior to the scheduled protest. The law is seen as a step forward towards democracy after the military handed over power to a civilian government earlier in 2011.
2011 - United States - - Herman Cain Announces Suspension of Presidential Campaign
Republican hopeful for the US presidency, Herman Cain, announced that he was suspending his campaign after facing increased pressure on himself and his family after allegations of sexual harassment and affairs marred his campaign.
2011 - Slovenia - - Pahor Wins Slovenia Presidency
Former Slovenian Prime Minister Borut Pahor won the country's presidential election with sixty-seven percent of the vote against the incumbent in a run-off election.
2013 - U.S.A. - - Plastic Gun Ban Slovenia Presidency
A law that banned plastic guns that were undetectable in metal detectors was set to expire by the end of the year unless the US Congress passed it again. The US House passed it on November 3rd and the US Senate passed it on December 10th. The law requires all plastic guns to have at least one metal part that cannot be removed in the firing mechanism. Gun control advocates were hoping to expand the law.
Born This Day In History 3rd December
Celebrating Birthday's Today
Celebrating Birthday's Today
3rd December 1927
Wall Lake, Iowa, USA
Known For :
One of the original easy listening singers from the 50s and 60s who had considerable commercial success as a singer and with his TV show The Andy Williams Show. His Andy Williams Christmas Show was a tradition over Christmas for nearly 20 years.
3rd December 1948
Known For :
Founder and Lead singer for the heavy metal group Black Sabbath, the band had a number of album successes in the 70s and gained a cult following Ozzy Osbourne was booted off the band in 1979. Ozzy Osbourne is now better known for the reality show The Osbournes and his Ozzfest concerts which attract both new and old heavy metal bands and fans.
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Answers 1Add Yours
In 1935, Max loses his job for being a Jew. The Nurmenburg Laws are passed, barring Jews from having German citizenship and marrying Germans. On November 9, 1938, Kristallnacht ("Night of Broken Glass"), Jewish stores and homes across Germany are attacked. Walter provides an opportunity for Max to hide, but Max initially refuses to leave his family; he ultimately does so. Max's mother gives Max a piece of paper with Hans Hubermann's name and address.
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Laportea canadensis, commonly called Canada nettle or wood-nettle, is an annual or perennial herbaceous plant of the nettle family Urticaceae, native to eastern and central North America. It is found growing in open woods with moist rich soils and along streams and in drainages.
Laportea canadensis grows from tuberous roots to a height of 30 to 150 centimeters, and can be rhizomatous, growing into small clumps. Plants have both stinging and non stinging hairs on the foliage and the stems. It has whitish green flowers, produced from spring to early fall.
- "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species".
- "Canadian Poisonous Plants Information System". Retrieved 18 August 2013.
- David E. Boufford. "Urticaceae". Flora of North America.
- Profile: Wood Nettle (Laportea canadensis) Photos, Drawings, Text. (Wild Plants of Winnipeg from Nature Manitoba)
|This Rosales article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|
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How to Identify and Avoid Spear Phishing Attacks
As long as you use the internet, someone is looking to steal your private information at every point. Companies and organizations that use the internet and computer systems are not left out.
Cybercriminals and hackers are getting emboldened and evolving sophisticated systems to steal as much as they can from unsuspecting folks. To stay safe, you need to learn about the tricks they employ and how to avoid them. This article looks at one scamming pattern bad actors employ.
What is Spear Phishing?
Spear Phishing refers to certain kinds of targeted attacks where victims are tricked into giving up crucial private information. The most common is email spear phishing. Here, the perpetrator provides seemingly genuine information intended to throw the victim off.
For instance, they could add information that appears to be from your bank. The intention usually is to get you to let down your guard and provide the details that would then be requested, such as log-in credentials, email passwords, account details, etc.
Spear phishing can also occur where you download ransomware into your device. Here, a clone of a familiar app or software will be forwarded to you. Once you download it, the ransomware takes over your device, and you’ll have to pay to recover access.
Here are some terms associated with spear phishing:
Phishing is the generic, broader form of spear phishing. Here, the perpetrator “casts their net” with the hope of snaring as many victims as possible. Thus, in this form of attack, a victim may not see their names or specific details. They could just find forms which they have to fill. Upon doing so, they give away crucial information that compromises them.
Whaling is a form of spear phishing attack that is targeted at high-ranking executives. The perpetrator impersonates a superior, hoping to use the influence of such a person to force the victim to give away certain information.
Surprisingly, executives, more than low-ranking employees, fall prey to scams like this. This may be connected to the fact that their positions come with a lot of pressure. More so, they usually have crucial company information within their knowledge. Thus, exploiting the vulnerabilities provided by intense work pressure works quite well for the perpetrator.
Signs of a Possible Spear Phishing Attack
Research shows that most spear phishing attacks are successful because of victims’ carelessness. The attacks usually follow a pattern. Hence, if you pay attention, you can suspect and maybe prevent the attacks from happening. Here are the common signs of a possible spear phishing attack.
1. Incorrect Email Information
A scammer could send you an email from an email address similar to the one you are used to. Without being careful, you may fail to note differences, such as where the letter “o” is swapped for the number “0”.
2. Sense of Urgency
Another clear indicator of a possible spear phishing attack is an undue sense of urgency. Emails here make you feel like you need to act (click a link, input your password, etc.) immediately. This is because criminals realize that when you are in a hurry, you hardly notice things.
3. Wrong Language
This is very important for employees. A scammer looking to employ targeted phishing attacks may not be well-versed in the lingo of the company/organization. Thus, while they may have some information about the firm, the language could be an instant giveaway. When you feel uncomfortable about the language in an email, that should be an instant red flag.
4. Emotional Appeal
Sometimes, instead of trying to instill a sense of urgency, the scammer attempts to appeal to your emotions. If you feel unduly pressured to click a charitable organization’s link, you should be wary.
How To Prevent Spear Phishing Attacks
Here are some steps you can take to protect yourself and your organization from spear phishing attacks:
First thing, never be in a hurry to give out crucial information such as email passwords online.
Use Malware Blockers and Antivirus Software
There is software designed to detect and prevent the infestation of malware. You can find both paid and free ones, although paid ones give you the best quality of service. Invest some money into one (or a few) to stay safe.
Conduct Ongoing Employee Security Training
In the vast majority of cases, employees fall prey to spear phishing attacks because of ignorance. To take care of this, the organization can conduct periodic employee security training. This gauges the level of security awareness employees possess and suggests ways to improve.
Update Software Systems
The older your tech is, the more susceptible you are to attacks. Thus, organizations and individuals have to be prompt with updating their systems when they get outdated. The benefit here is that an updated software usually comes fitted with improved security systems.
A spear phishing attack is a terrible experience both for individuals and organizations. This article tells you all you need to know and further provides steps on how to stay safe.
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Under Myanmar’s new Constitutional framework, and with legislative reform in process, it seems timely to consider whether a specific racial discrimination law could help address the entrenched issue of ethnic discrimination – and thereby reduce ethnic tensions, violence and the displacement of so many people.
Myanmar’s Constitution (Article 348) states that: “The Union shall not discriminate [sic] any citizen of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, based on race, birth, religion, official position, status, culture, sex, and wealth.” The determination of citizenship is prescribed by law, currently by the Citizenship Law 1982 which recognises 135 ethnic groups as ‘national races’ but does not include Rohingya ethnicity within these, thus denying citizenship to members of this ethnic group. Non-recognition of citizenship, in light of Article 348, also denies protection against discrimination under the Constitution.
The International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD) provides for the promotion of “universal respect for and observance of human rights, and fundamental freedoms for all, without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion’ and, further, that “there is no justification for racial discrimination, in theory or in practice, anywhere.” The Convention requires States Parties to “take effective measures to review governmental, national and local policies and to amend, rescind or nullify any laws and regulations which have the effect of creating or perpetuating racial discrimination wherever it exists.”
In recognition that no state is immune from racism, legislators need to take seriously the need to enshrine a legislative response. While in Australia racial tensions in relation to Austalia’s indigenous people are not at the same level as those in Myanmar in relation to the Rohingya ethnic group, Australia’s policies in relation to its indigenous people have from time to time brought Australia, too, into disrepute. Australia ratified the ICERD in 1975 with the passage of its Racial Discrimination Act. While such legislation does not represent a panacea for racial discrimination, the legislation at least represents state recognition of a problem that demands a solution and the legislation has proven useful as a legal mechanism for redress where issues of racism arise.
In Myanmar, some have called for the Rule of Law and Tranquillity Committee (RLTC), chaired by Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, to consider the Citizenship Law issue. The Committee’s report of 31 July 2013 includes a recommendation that states “should aim to [sic] a kind of peace that allows people and ethnic nationalities live and work under protection of the law for security of their lives with peace of mind.” It is possible that the Citizenship Law could be reformed, or indeed that the Constitution could be amended. It seems reasonable to suggest that the RLTC could also consider recommending, as a parallel development, the ratification of the ICERD through a Racial Discrimination Law. Further, amendments to the Myanmar Constitution may be required to provide the relevant authorities with the power to ratify international conventions.
Nathan Willis email@example.com is a PhD candidate at Southern Cross University, Australia, and has previously worked in Myanmar.
www.trust.org/item/20130912101837-el6ym See also FMR issue 30 on ‘Burma’s displaced people’ www.fmreview.org/burma 2008
Rule of Law and Tranquility Committee, Myanmar, ‘Report of the Rule of Law and Tranquility Committee’ (31 July 2013).
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USB power has nothing to do with the OS. It depends on the device itself. Some hubs are self powered, in which case they get their power from the system; others require more power, and those have their own power supply.
A bus-powered hub is a hub that draws all its power from the host computer's USB interface. It does not need a separate power connection. However, many devices require more power than this method can provide, and will not work in this type of hub.
Under Linux, you can use hwinfo --usb or for more detail try lsusb -v -t if hwinfo --usb is not installed you can install it.
Just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command below.
sudo aptitude install hwinfo usbutils
Some self-powered hubs do not supply enough power to drive a 500mA
load on every port. For example, many seven port hubs have a 1A power
supply, when in fact seven ports could draw a maximum of 7 x 0.5 =
3.5A, plus power for the hub itself. Designers assume the user will most likely connect many low power devices and only one or two
requiring a full 500mA. On the other hand, the packaging for some
self-powered hubs states explicitly how many of the ports ports can
drive a 500 mA full load at once. For example the packaging on a 7
port hub might claim to support a maximum of 4 full load devices ".
So I would check with D-Link.
Most portable media devices sync data to a desktop or laptop computer
via the USB port. The batteries in these devices can also be charged
by that same powered USB connection. There may be situations, however,
when you may need to change the default power settings of a particular
USB port so the device connected to it does not interfere with the
your computer's performance. For example, some types of devices
connected to a computer's USB port can prevent the computer from going
into its power-saving "sleep" mode. In Ubuntu Linux, there is a way to
modify the power settings for the USB ports.1
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Note: see also the MCZ’s Current Status page which gives the current position.
A Skippers guide to MCZs:
What is an MCZ?
A Marine Conservation Zone (MCZ) is one of a chain of areas designed to provide a ‘safe zone’ for marine wildlife. MCZ’s are established under the Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009, and key points are
A Marine Conservation Zone (MCZ) may be designated (in England, by the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, and by the equivalent Minister in other UK countries) for the purpose of conserving—
(a) marine flora or fauna;
(b) marine habitats or types of marine habitat;
(c) features of geological or geomorphological interest
– and the designation order must state the protected feature or features and the conservation objectives for the MCZ.
To date, the conservation objectives have been that the site remains in, or is brought to, “Favourable Condition”. A definition of Favourable Condition is given in the Appendix at the foot of this page.
The text mentions conserving species that are rare or threatened, and also conserving the diversity of such flora, fauna or habitats, whether or not any or all of them are rare or threatened.
The Act also speaks of the creation of network of conservation sites which together represent the range of features present in the UK marine area. The network can include MCZ’s and other Marine Protected Areas (SAC’s, SPA’s, SSSI’s and Ramsar sites).
The Act contains the significant provision that that “In considering whether it is desirable to designate an area as an MCZ, the appropriate authority may have regard to any economic or social consequences of doing so”. The text of the relevant section of the Act may be found here.
At the moment there are 99 Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) with marine components (83 inshore, 16 >12 miles offshore), 102 Special Protection Areas (SPAs, these protect birds) with marine components,50 Marine Conservation Zones (MCZs), 30 Nature Conservation Marine Protected Areas (NCMPAs) and one Marine Nature Reserve. Together these protect 16% of our waters. Many of these areas are offshore, so do not affect leisure boating, but those proposed inshore may profoundly affect some of our favourite anchorages. The South Coast however already has a very high density of MPA’s: 87% of the Dorset coastline, and 65% of the coastline between Chichester Harbour and Lands End are Marine Protected Areas: see the interactive maps at http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-5201 .
How do they affect navigation and anchoring?
Unlike some of our European Neighbours, UK has a constitutional right of free navigation in coastal waters for UK vessels, except on grounds of Safety or National Security. An example is the mobile exclusion zone ahead of ships transiting the Solent to and from Southampton. At present exclusion zones can only be authorised by a Harbour or Lighthouse Authority in the area for which it is responsible, or in open water by the Marine Management Organisation (MMO), the government body responsible for our coastal waters. There are no plans for navigational exclusion zones under current UK MPA plans. The situation varies in other European waters according to local laws.
Anchoring in UK is generally regarded as a part of this right of free navigation, and at present this the view taken by the MMO. However the legislation (which goes back centuries) does not give a specific right to anchor, so this is in some places being challenged. The MMO’s Head of Enforcement clarified earlier this year “anchoring is a normal and legal practice”. Some conservationists are arguing that it is illegal to anchor in a seahorse habitat. It would have to be proved under Sched 4 of the Wildlife Act that the anchor was dropped with the specific intent of harming or destroying protected wildlife or its habitat. Crazy? But this is precisely what the Seahorse Trust are trying to do in Studland.
Basically, MCZs call for the removal as far as possible of the effects of human activity from the designated zone. This generally includes any activity which involves irreversible disturbance or damage of the seabed, which could include trawling, dredging, anchoring and moorings, and movement of vehicles and trailers or boats across the foreshore below the HW mark. It remains to be proved that anchoring does in fact cause irreversible disturbance or damage, and BORG has a growing body of evidence that it does not.
Are more MCZs likely?
Yes. Defra, who are responsible for implementing the MCZ programme originally considering a total of 127 possible sites. They are working in stages, or ‘Tranches’. In Tranche 1, 31 sites went forward to public consultation, and 27 were designated and are now in place as MCZ’s. Two Tranche 1 sites were dropped from the process, and two held back for further consideration.Tranche 2 identified 23 further sites which have gone out to consultation, and decisions on designation are expected in early 2016, and we await to hear which Tranche 3 sites are to go to consultation in 2016. It is not known yet which or how many of the remaining proposed MCZ sites will be included in T3, or what will happen about controversial sites like Studland if they are dropped from T3 .
What happens once an MCZ has been designated?
When Defra asked Natural England for suitable areas for MCZ status, they did not ask how the conservation objectives might be achieved in any specific area. This has caused a lot of problems, as we are being asked to agree to areas without any idea of what controls might be put in place. Many of us ( not just BORG ) objected strongly particularly where there was likelihood that controls would affect our activities. Even now, Defra to not preclude the possibility of restricting or even banning anchoring in sensitive locations like Studland. As a result areas which have been designated in the first and second round still have no clear Management Protocols in place as Defra, Natural England, the Wildlife Trusts, MMO, and local interests try to thrash out a workable protocol. With the announcement this autumn of further heavy funding cuts for Defra, MMO and NE, there has been a noticeable shift towards basing the whole thing on voluntary agreements with the various local stakeholders. Each area has to be considered on its own merits. The level of controversy that has raged over Studland makes it very unlikely that any such agreement could be reached! BORG assisted by RYA and supported by the Wildlife Trusts has already agreed a set of anchoring protocols for boaters in Studland. We hope this will form the basis of any future proposals while avoiding restrictive legislation.
I have a mooring in an MCZ area, will I still be able to use it?
If your mooring is under the control of a Harbour or Local Authority, then they will notify you of any changes. Private moorings in uncontrolled waters will eventually have to be registered with MMO, but they say they have ‘more important things to do’ at present! See ‘Private Moorings’ on the BORG website.
What are EFM’s?
EFMs are Eco-Friendly mooring systems that have been developed in Australia and America designed to minimise damage and disturbance of the seabed. Conventional chain and sinker moorings can sweep quite a large arc of a seabed clear of any marine growth, disrupting both vegetation and habitats. EFM’s are particularly useful where fragile marine growths such as seagrass beds provide important support and habitats for marine life. (The main UK species of seagrass, Zostera marina or eelgrass, has been shown to be a tough and durable growth, which recovers rapidly from damage. See the sidebar menu for links to our papers on this subject.)
An EFM is basically is a mooring system which is designed to keep the riser chains or ropes clear of the seabed and seagrass at all times, and to keep them suspended in the water column. They may be secured to conventional mooring clumps, but more usually they are attached to a helical screw device which screws down into the seabed. Most designs depend on some sort of elastic or spring rode to compensate for tidal rise, and to provide the shock load absorption.
So what’s the problem with EFM’s?
1. Tidal range and flow. Tests in UK have shown them to struggle with our big tidal ranges and currents.
2. EFMs need to be matched to the size of boat using them. A conventional chain and sinker can accommodate any size of boat up to its safe working load. An EFM only works safely within a fairly narrow band of boat size and weight. A small boat on a big EFM will not load the spring or elastic correctly, and vice versa.
3.UK Marine Insurers are at present largely unwilling to accept the risk. Using an EFM may invalidate your insurance. Once they have been tested and proved for use in UK waters, this situation may change but at present they are generally not regarded as an acceptable risk for Uk waters.
4 There is a strong call by conservationists to use them in Studland as a ‘solution’ (to a problem that does not exist!) . Our research shows that generally the Bay is too shallow. They need a minimum depth of water to work. Close inshore, which is where people want to be for shelter and safety, it is too shallow for any existing design to work.
5 They have to be matched to the environment they are used in. In one case it was found that the wrong type of EFM had actually caused MORE damage than the conventional sinker and chain moorings they replaced!
6. They can be costly to buy, install and maintain. Some types. are more expensive than others, but where a helical screw fixing is used, this usually requires the use of a barge equipped with a hydraulic rig costing between £8 and £10k. They require frequent inspection and maintenance particularly of the moving parts that can rapidly become clogged with marine growth and crustacea causing wear and malfunctions. There are questions over reliability, and BORG has unconfirmed reports of up to 70% failure rate in some types on America’s West Coast
What about the RYA?
The RYA has been deeply involved in the whole MCZ process right from the drafting stage of the legislation, and has a key influence on shaping of the legislation before it ever came on to the statute book. Throughout the process they have continued to take a key role as the project developed in ensuring that the interests of the leisure boating community have been protected. The RYA has a wide range of interests and responsibilities right across the boating spectrum, so that finding reports on the MCZ process can be quite difficult amongst all their other topics. However their website does carry a great deal of information: the Royal Yachting Association link, here and on the sidebar, will take you to their MCZ page. The RYA magazine also carries regular updates. We have found in BORG when nothing is happening while we wait for Defra’s decisions, and while protracted discussion and negotiations are taking place, there is often not a lot that can be reported interim. We have found the RYA rather reluctant to wave their own flag, even when they have won significant victories – and have told them so!
The RYA has been fully supportive of the BORG campaign right from day one, and have worked closely with us on a wide range of issues. We have been allowed direct access to key members of RYA, who have welcomed our input and views as much as we have valued theirs. One of BORGs more significant results was the production of the Studland Anchoring leaflet in collaboration with MMO, which would have been impossible without RYA’s support.
What can I do?
Make sure your sailing Club is aware of proposals in your area. Find out where your local MP stands on these issues, and involve him/her.
Watch for Defra calling for a ‘Public Consultation’, take part, using the BORG website resources to inform yourself.
Revised to Nov 2015. JR
Appendix: Definition of “Favourable Condition”:
From Poole Rocks designation order 2013
5.—(1) The conservation objective of the Zone is that its protected features—
(a) so far as already in favourable condition, remain in such condition; and
(b) so far as not already in favourable condition, be brought into such condition, and remain in such condition.
(2) In paragraph (1), ―favourable condition‖—
(a) with respect to a broadscale marine habitat within the Zone, means that—
(i) its extent is stable or increasing; and
(ii) its structures and functions, its quality, and the composition of its characteristic biological communities are such as to ensure that it remains in a condition which is healthy and not deteriorating;
(b) with respect to a species of marine fauna within the Zone, means that the quality and quantity of its habitat and the composition of its population in terms of number, age and sex ratio are such as to ensure that the population is maintained in numbers which enable it to thrive.
(3) In paragraph (2)(a)(ii), the reference to the composition of the characteristic biological communities of a habitat includes a reference to the diversity and abundance of species forming part of or inhabiting that habitat.
(4) For the purposes of paragraph (2)(a)(ii), any temporary deterioration in condition is to be disregarded if the habitat is sufficiently healthy and resilient to enable its recovery.
(5) For the purposes of paragraph (2)(b), any temporary reduction of numbers is to be disregarded if the population is sufficiently thriving and resilient to enable its recovery.
(6) For the purpose of determining whether a protected feature is in favourable condition within the meaning of paragraph (2), any alteration to that feature brought about entirely by natural processes is to be disregarded
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During the last centuries of China’s Shang dynasty, which lasted from 1600 B.C. to 1050 B.C., ritual sacrifice was a well-oiled cultural phenomenon, rich and varied in its manifestations. Rulers and elites sacrificed animals and humans to appease spirits or the ancestors. Just as humans met their ends, dogs were often right beside them.
Now a study in Archaeological Research in Asia, published in March, shows that people from the Shang dynasty relied heavily on sacrificial puppies to accompany them in death. “Although superficially it seems like a horrific thing to kill a puppy and put it into a tomb, it’s actually a window into the complex world of Shang human-animal relations,” says Roderick Campbell, an archaeologist at New York University and one of the co-authors of the study.
Researchers have long known that people in the Shang dynasty sacrificed and buried canines alongside the elite. The assumption has been that these dogs were pets, ritually sacrificed after their owners’ death so that the canines would spiritually accompany them into the afterlife. But Campbell and his co-author Zhipeng Li, an associate professor at the Institute of Archaeology at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in Beijing, say that this explanation doesn’t fit their findings.
The team examined Chinese archaeological site reports and about 2,000 Shang-era graves at a site called Xiaomintun under the modern city of Anyang, China. The researchers discovered that the buried canines were predominantly juveniles. About a third of the graves contained a dead dog in a small pit dug under the coffin.
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Holy Ghost orchid
Eckartia Rchb. f.
Peristeria is a genus of plants belonging to the family Orchidaceae commonly called dove orchid or Holy Ghost orchid. In line with the common name, the genus' name is from the Greek word peristerion meaning "from dove". According to the Royal Horticultural Society, Per is the official orchid abbreviation for this genus. In nature, it is found across much of South America as well as in Panama, Costa Rica and Trinidad.
Peristeria elata is the national flower of Panama and is extremely over-collected in its native habitat. This over collection has led to its status as a species threatened with extinction delineated in Appendix I of CITES. In its native habitat, Peristeria can usually be found growing near the edge of hardwood forests. In the fall, after the trees in the hardwood forest lose their leaves, the plants are exposed to full sun throughout the cool, dry winter. Species in this genus are either epiphytic or terrestrial in growth habit.
- Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
- Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.C. & Rasmussen, F.N. (2009). Epidendroideae (Part two). Genera Orchidacearum 5: 1-585. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
- Missouri Botanical Garden w3 TROPICOS
- Peristeria in World Checklist of Orchidaceae. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- Media related to Peristeria at Wikimedia Commons
- Data related to Peristeria at Wikispecies
- Royal Horticultural Society: Registration of Orchids
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the critical history of billy budd is far too complex and vast to synthesize with any coherence in this essay, but the most salient point to be.
Melville wrote billy budd amid the movement against the death penalty and mutually hostile interpretation than herman melville's billy budd, sailor the closest encounter with the issue of capital punishment in these essays or elsewhere. Billy budd, sailor is the final novel by american writer herman melville, first published of billy budd, foretopman, first in london, in the influential times literary supplement, in an essay called herman melville's silence (july 10, 1924),. Brown university thesis submission de billy budd thesis statement - britta scrivener” by herman melville billy budd, sailor is the final novel by.
Does billy budd face his trial at the hands of a kangaroo court, one that is what moral issues arise with the jury's decision to sentence billy to death do you. Billy budd, pressed into serving on the bellipotent, is illustrated as an innocent and well-liked character known as the aihandsome sailorai. Critical essay on billy budd charles a reich, the tragedy of justice in billy budd, critical essays on melville's billy budd, sailor, pp 127-143 charles reich's.
His suave looks caused some people to refer to him as the handsome sailor(16) most often sailors were scurvy men, quite of [tags: billy budd essays. Billy budd essays discuss the plot of the novella written by herman melville the plot of the story centers on billy budd, a young sailor pressed into service. Other essays and articles related to this and other literary topics can be found in story than the one explicitly presented in “billy budd, sailor.
Critical essays theme in billy budd tale of his first encounter with the ambiguities of life and the conflict of good and evil in the universe, from billy budd.
If melville had never written moby dick, his place in world literature would be assured by his short tales billy budd, sailor, his last work. Essays and criticism on herman melville's billy budd - critical essays in billy budd, sailor, by herman melville, is captain vere a representative of the.
Billy budd, foretopman, also called billy budd, sailor, novel by herman melville, written in 1891 and left unfinished at his death it was first published in 1924,. Free billy budd papers, essays, and research papers yet, by the time he began writing billy budd, sailor in 1888, melville must have tempered this view,.
Failure of leadership in billy budd will deepen an appreciation of what educational that its description in an analytical essay seems mean-spirited (2) this drawn the sort of honest homage the handsome sailor in some.
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Lined by Port Gardner Bay to the west and the Cascade Mountains to the east, Everett has a beautiful and rich natural environment. Everett is home to many parks and open spaces and operates a Water Filtration Plant near the Spada Lake Reservoir. The Everett water system supplies water to about 75% of the businesses and residents of the Snohomish County through a network of local water providers.
The City of Everett is committed to climate action through many different projects, programs and initiatives.
Air Quality Index
The Air Quality Index (AQI) is an indicator of overall air quality that takes into account all of the criteria air pollutants measured within a geographic area.
The AQI summarizes levels of ground-level ozone, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide, which each pose unique risks to human health, into one measure. There are many dimensions to capturing the health of the natural environment, and air quality is one of the most important. Air quality data was retrieved from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
How is Snohomish County trending?
Snohomish County percentage of days with poor air quality is trending up, but is consistently lower than the Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue Metro Area.
Water Quality Index
The Water Quality Index (WQI) is a number ranging from 1 to 100. A higher number indicates better water quality. The Water Quality Index condenses a lot of ecological information into one consolidated number for community members and decision makers. It also makes direct comparisons between water bodies possible. Water quality can be degraded by urban development, through the increased presence of impervious surfaces. Quality may also be negatively affected by agricultural production, through the usage of fertilizers and pesticides. Water quality data was retrieved from the Washington State Department of Ecology from sampling site(s) within Snohomish County.
How is Snohomish County doing?
Snohomish County has consistent Water Quality Index on par or above 80, which meets expectations for water quality. The Snohomish County Water Quality Visualization shows water quality readings within Snohomish County.
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"The building - the void: an interesting city interplay"
CARVE Verb: (often to be carved) cut (a hard material) in order to produce and aesthetically pleasant object or design. Carve out: take something from a large whole, esp. with difficulty. Establish or create something through painstaking effort.
MONOLITH Noun: French monolithe. Greek monos (single) + lithos (stone).
1. A large single upright block of stone, esp. one shaped into or serving as pillar or monument.
- A very large characterless building: the 72 story monolithic building overlooking the waterfront
- A very large block of concrete sunk in water, e.g. in the building of a dock.
2. a large and impersonal political, corporate or social structure regarded as intractibly, indivisible and uniform.
From top to bottom:
- Delft Square, NL
- Federation Square, Melbourne
- The Botanical Gardens, Melbourne
- Hoi An Market, Vietnam
- Lugano, Ticino
- Cycling path along the Yarra River - Melbourne inner-city.
- Melbourne CBD seen from Studley Park - Melbourne inner-city (suburbs are further out!)
|Carving sculptures - inspired in Alexander Calder. GAM 1995|
|Carving a bird-eye view of Sydney. GAM 2007|
|Carving a view framed by Sydney harbor, trees, bridge and SOH. GAM 2007|
|Carving a vaulted double-hight ceiling dining room. Views to middle patio on the right and back garden on the left. GAM 1993|
|Carving a tunnel under a park: Sydney The Rocks. GAM 2007/2008|
|Carving Edward Hopper's classic corner. GAM 1992.|
|Re-carving a baroque façade. GAM 1995.|
|Carving a retreat centre. GAM 1993|
|Carving a fijian buré GAM 2009|
|Carving a Piano staircase. GAM 2006|
|Carving a tower for Guadalajara. GAM 1994|
|Carving LeCorbusier's modulor on a Harley-Davidson GAM 1992|
|Carving inspiration. GAM 1998|
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Chen Sanping’s article on the Tuoba language (Tabghatch) is very much speculative, resting on a number of conjectures. The question of the Tabghatch language is important as they represented “China” in the eyes of the early Türks. If they were ultimately of Turkic origin, as Chen contends, this might put a different coloration on their relations, or at least those of part of the Tuoba/Tabghatch (the Western Wei in this instance) with the Türks as they were preparing to topple the Joujan in Inner Asia. Given the absence of substantial linguistic data (Ligeti gave the best evaluation of the available evidence in his 1970 article—and concluded that they or at least their ruling grouping spoke some kind of Mongolic language), this is an interesting but still inconclusive article. Moreover, the Tabghatch not only ruled over a poly-ethnic state (in which Chinese predominated), but their Inner Asian nomadic forces were hardly ethnically homogeneous.
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Patient professional reference
Synonyms: Paterson-Brown Kelly syndrome, Paterson-Brown-Kelly syndrome, Waldenström-Kjellberg syndrome, sideropenic dysphagia, sideropenic nasopharyngopathy.
Plummer-Vinson syndrome (PVS) is a triad of microcytic hypochromic anaemia (iron deficiency), atrophic glossitis, and oesophageal webs or strictures. A description of this syndrome was published by Henry Plummer in Chicago in 1911 and also by Porter Vinson in Philadelphia in 1919. Donald Ross Paterson and Adam Brown Kelly published independently of each other in London in 1919.
PVS most often affects middle-aged women (this may be related to a propensity for iron deficiency), although it can occasionally present in a child. The web (containing mucosa and submucosa) occurs at the anterior post-cricoid area of the upper oesophagus.
It is an uncommon condition and much of the literature is case reports of one or a few individuals rather than large series. Figures for incidence and prevalence are not available but it is becoming rarer, probably because dietary inadequacy is becoming less common.
A high prevalence of PVS was reported in Sweden in the early 20th century. This reduced after the introduction of iron supplementation in food.
PVS appears to be more common in the Indian subcontinent than in Western countries. PVS is common in males as well as females in the Indian subcontinent.
Iron deficiency - this is related to poor diet or blood loss.
The presentation is usually with painless, intermittent dysphagia. It tends to be with solid foods but, if untreated, may progress to soft foods and even liquids. As with other causes of oesophageal strictures, webs and rings, the patient is able to give a good indication of the level of obstruction. In this condition the patient indicates the upper oesophagus. Dysphagia may lead to weight loss. This should be regarded as a sign of danger.
There may also be features of iron-deficiency anaemia like lethargy, tiredness and shortness of breath on exertion.
The features that appear on examination are those associated with iron deficiency. There may be pallor and even tachycardia if anaemia is marked. There may be koilonychia (spoon-shaped nails), angular cheilitis and glossitis.
- FBC will show a microcytic, hypochromic anaemia. Ferritin is low.
- Barium swallow may show the web. This may need to be enhanced with videofluoroscopy.
- Biopsy may be required if malignancy is suspected clinically.
Various disorders have been known to associate PVS, such as coeliac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, pernicious anaemia, thyroid disease, Sjögren's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis.
- Iron replacement can almost invariably be achieved by oral means. Adding vitamin C does not improve absorption significantly. There is rarely any need for parenteral iron. Supplements may be needed long-term because after correction it is important to maintain a normal iron status. Causes of blood loss like menorrhagia may require attention.
- Endoscopic dilatation or argon plasma coagulation therapy of the oesophageal web is occasionally required in cases of persistent dysphagia.
Post-cricoid carcinoma or carcinoma of the oesophagus may develop.
Correction of iron deficiency will correct the condition if malignancy has not yet occurred. Prevention of iron deficiency prevents the disease.
- Henry Plummer (1874-1937) was an American internist. He was a professor at the Medical School of Minnesota. He published: Diffuse dilatation of the esophagus without anatomic stenosis (cardiospasm). A report of ninety-one cases. Journal of the American Medical Association, Chicago, 1912, 58: 2013-2015.
- Porter Paisley Vinson (1890-1959) was an American surgeon at the Mayo Clinic. He published: A case of cardiospasm with dilatation and angulation of the esophagus. Medical Clinics of North America, Philadelphia, PA., 1919, 3: 623-627.
- Born in Inverness, Donald Ross Paterson (1863-1939) was an otolaryngologist. He worked in Cardiff and published: A clinical type of dysphagia. The Journal of Laryngology, Rhinology and Otology, London, 1919, 24: 289-291.
- Adam Brown Kelly (1865-1941) graduated from Glasgow but worked as an ENT surgeon in London, Berlin and Vienna. He published: Spasm at the entrance of the esophagus. The Journal of Laryngology, Rhinology and Otology, London, 1919, 34: 285-289.
Further reading and references
Scott EC, Schuster S; Plummer-Vinson syndrome and reactive thrombocytosis mask a JAK2-V617F positive myeloproliferative neoplasm. Blood. 2011 Dec 1118(23):5988.
Samad A, Mohan N, Balaji RV, et al; Oral manifestations of plummer-vinson syndrome: a classic report with literature review. J Int Oral Health. 2015 Mar7(3):68-71.
Plummer-Vinson Syndrome; whonamedit.com
Novacek G; Plummer-Vinson syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2006 Sep 151:36.
Gude D, Bansal D, Malu A; Revisiting Plummer Vinson syndrome. Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2013 Jan3(1):119-21. doi: 10.4103/2141-9248.109476.
Hefaiedh R, Boutreaa Y, Ouakaa-Kchaou A, et al; Plummer-Vinson syndrome. Tunis Med. 2010 Oct88(10):721-4.
Richie JP Jr, Kleinman W, Marina P, et al; Blood iron, glutathione, and micronutrient levels and the risk of oral cancer. Nutr Cancer. 200860(4):474-82. doi: 10.1080/01635580801956477.
Bakshi SS; Plummer Vinson syndrome - is it common in males? Arq Gastroenterol. 2015 Jul-Sep52(3):250-2. doi: 10.1590/S0004-28032015000300018.
Jones R, Latinovic R, Charlton J, et al; Alarm symptoms in early diagnosis of cancer in primary care: cohort study using General Practice Research Database. BMJ. 2007 May 19334(7602):1040. Epub 2007 May 10.
Letur T; Carcinoma of the esophagus and gastro-esophageal junction, 2001.
Phatak S, Redkar N, Patil MA, et al; Plummer-Vinson syndrome. BMJ Case Rep. 2012 Jul 252012. pii: bcr2012006403. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2012-006403.
Teucher B, Olivares M, Cori H; Enhancers of iron absorption: ascorbic acid and other organic acids. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2004 Nov74(6):403-19.
Popescu CR, Bertesteanu SV, Mirea D, et al; The epidemiology of hypopharynx and cervical esophagus cancer. J Med Life. 2010 Oct-Dec3(4):396-401.
Hi,Can anyone pls tell me if I should be doing anything /seeking help from my GP? I was diagnosed with anaemia 3 yrs ago (haemoglobin was 8.2) tried iron tablets but couldn’t tolerate so have been...jennywren100
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photo credit: photo courtesy Tomasz Sienicki/Wiki Commons
It is a truth universally acknowledged that … tobacco prematurely kills about half of those who use it. That amounts to 6 million people, or one of every ten deaths worldwide, each year. This, in and of itself, may not make tobacco a global development issue. However, the fact that tobacco use in most middle-income and low-income countries runs against otherwise generally positive global development trends related to poverty, hunger and most of the MDGs, should give us pause, particularly on World No Tobacco Day (May 31).
Most health improvements move in sequence, starting in rich countries and then following in developing countries (e.g. vaccination, disease eradication, life expectancy). Tobacco use threatens to become a grievous exception—just as rates are plummeting in wealthy countries, they threaten to explode in emerging economies.
In the coming generation, most developing countries will enjoy a once-in-a-lifetime-of-the-species opportunity, in which the working-age population will briefly outnumber both young and old. Tobacco threatens to impinge on their efforts to make this the healthiest, best-nourished, best-trained generation in history and exploit the full potential of this “demographic dividend.”
But wait: Isn’t tobacco use a matter of rational choice by informed individuals who, despite being aware of their deleterious health effects, want to continue enjoying their smokes? Enough with the nanny state already!!!
The short answers are NO, NO, and NO.
The myth of “rational choice” is particularly egregious in the matter of tobacco. Depending on which statistics one reviews, between 80 to 90 percent of tobacco users start smoking or chewing before they are 18 years old. As any parent knows, the brain of a teenager is still a “work in progress,” and nearly every society has found it both necessary and appropriate to limit access of the young to noxious substances. In economic parlance, adolescents, even more than adults, apply hyperbolic discount to the potential future consequences of today’s actions.
Fair enough, skeptics say, but once an individual becomes an adult, he or she surely knows of the health dangers of tobacco use and can stop smoking.
The reality is that despite the deluge of information in wealthy countries, tobacco users—particularly the poor-- in middle- and low-income countries are often not aware of the danger that consuming tobacco in its different forms represents.
Just as tobacco companies in affluent countries once depicted smoking as glamorous—or even healthy (!)—in today’s emerging economies, reliable information on smoking is often not available. Moreover, by now we know that the capacity of information to change behavior is limited in the best of the cases, and even more so in the case of addictive behavior.
This last point addresses the “Doubting Thomases” who ask, “Don’t fully informed tobacco users choose to persist despite knowing their risks?” Again no, it is not so simple. A number of surveys across the world suggest that roughly 80 percent of smokers want to quit, and most have tried more than once. Unfortunately, more than 85 percent of those who try to quit on their own, relapse -- most within a week. The reason is simple: tobacco is a highly addictive substance. Biomedical literature compares tobacco’s addictive capacity to that of illicit drugs such as cocaine and heroin.
Increasing tobacco prices sufficiently and progressively reducing its affordability is the fastest way to reduce the number of adolescents who start smoking. Yes, there are issues to consider when increasing tobacco prices, which I will address in another blog post. In the meantime, remember that today, like every day this year, between 82,000 and 99,000 young people around the world, most of them in middle- and low-income countries, will start smoking, and half of them will die prematurely because of it. Anything that so affects the future is a development problem of the first order.
Follow the World Bank health team on Twitter at: @worldbankhealth
World Bank and Tobacco Control: The Facts
Blog: Latin America: Making Sure Anti-Tobacco Efforts Don’t Go Up in Smoke
World No Tobacco Day (WHO)
Video - The Truth About Tobacco: How Much is a Life Worth?
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Creating a butterfly garden
Butterfly gardening involves planning your garden to attract, retain, and encourage butterfly populations. A sample garden plan is shown in Figure 1, and a list of host plants is given in here and Table 2. Flowers of similar colors grouped together are more attractive to both butterflies and the gardener.
You should select a variety of nectar-producing plants with the aim of providing flowers in bloom throughout the season. This will entice a continuous succession of new visitors to a yard. It is especially important to have flowers in mid to late summer, when most butterflies are active. Flowers with multiple florets that produce abundant nectar are ideal.
Annuals are wonderful butterfly plants because they bloom continuously through the season, providing a steady supply of nectar. Perennial plants, such as coneflowers, lilac, butterfly weed, and asters, are visited regularly by butterflies. Most plants in the mint family are also good nectar sources for butterflies. Avoid double flowers because they are often bred for showiness, not nectar production.
You can supplement the garden’s flower nectar with a home-made feeder. Made from an inverted baby food or other small jar, such a feeder can be attractive to butterflies. Drill a small hole in the center of the lid and plug it with cotton. Fill the jar with a solution of one part sugar (not honey) to nine parts water. Attach brightly-colored fabric petals to the lid to make the feeder more appealing to butterflies. Hang your feeder in a tree near your garden.
For successful butterfly gardening, you need to provide food for more than the adult butterflies. You need to provide for their caterpillar forms as well. Butterfly caterpillars have a limited host range (see Table 1). Most caterpillars feed on leaves; although some develop on the reproductive parts of flowers or seeds.
Some supposedly good butterfly plants might not attract butterflies in your garden. It may be that a particular plant is not the preferred larval food of local butterflies (see Table 1 for preferred plants).
Figure 1. A sample butterfly border garden has a large variety of host plants.
- Purple coneflower
- Joe-Pye weed
- Globe centaurea
- Swamp milkweed
- Queen Anne’s lace
- Tawny daylily
- ‘Marine’ heliotrope
- Butterfly weed
- Mountain bluet
- Annual aster
- ‘Autumn Joy’ sedum
- Rock cress
- French marigold
- ‘Happy Returns’ daylily
- Blanket flower
Plantings of host plants preferred by butterflies does not require any sacrifice of flowers and colors. Plants such as (first three) yellow sunflower, pink Joe-Pye weed, purple coneflower, and (last four) purple verbena, yellow Black-eyed Susan, red bee balm/bergamot, and purple wild asters provide plentiful color.
Reduced use of pesticides
One of the most important conservation decisions we can make is to avoid the use of broad spectrum pesticides sprayed all around the yard. Instead, use more benign spot treatments on plants troubled with pest insects. For pest insects use alternative control methods such as oils, soaps, and microbial insecticides such as Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Remember that oils and soaps still kill caterpillars if sprayed directly on them and that they also will die if they feed on plants treated with a Bt formulation that is toxic to them.
An undesirable garden guest would be a borer moth (Sessidae: Clearwing borer).
Most butterfly species, such as the Tiger Swallowtail (Papilio glaucus), lay only a few eggs at a time. This low level of insect population will not kill shrubs or trees. However, Black Swallowtail (Papilionidae: Papilio polyxenes) larvae, for example, can completely consume herbaceous plants such as dill. To avoid killing a beautiful guest, you should be sure of your identification of an insect as a pest before using any pesticide.
The caterpillar of a desirable butterfly such as the Mourning Cloak (Nymphalidae: Nymphalis antiopa) can, with only casual inspection, be mistaken for less desirable or more destructive relatives such as the gypsy moth (Lymantriidae: Lymantria dispar).
A good side effect of the decrease in pesticide use is the increase of natural enemies. These are insects such as spiders, lacewings, ladybird beetles, and ground beetles that actually help to control unwanted pests.
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I thought that this book was a nice and easy one. I thought this book was nice and easy because there were not many words I did not understand. The vocabulary was a bit too easy in this book. It was a bit of a childish book. Another part of this book that I like is that it gives you a little story in the middle that tells you more about the book and gives you a bigger picture. Also, this book showed that Minli could be independent. She had lived through in a place for many weeks without getting injured and making friends, which eventually helped her live. This book has showed life lesson skills that we can use too in our lives. An example of what the book showed us is Minli and the dragon’s friendship. They got along right away. I would recommend this book to middle schoolers because I think this is a great book and fun to read. Overall, I give this book an eight out of ten stars.
STUDY QUESTIONS AND VOCABULARY:
1. How do we know Minli is mature?
1a. Minli thought to herself thinking that it wouldn’t be fair for Pa to feed the goldfish when Minli was the one who was supposed to take care of the goldfish.
2. What part shows us that Minli’s family is poor?
2a. Minli helps the family, works, and her mom complains when they had to feed another mouth.
3. How do we know this family all cares about each other?
3a. Right after they figured Minli left, the parents had left too. Minli left because she wanted her family to have better fortune.
4. What part shows us that Minli is still young?
4a. Minli believed Ba’s story and decides to go to the Old Man of the Moon for advice alone.
5. If you were listening to their stories, would you believe them? Why or why not?
5a. No one has ever seen the Old Man of the Moon, so it would be a bad idea if you were to try to find him.
inexplicably (pg. 9)
magistrate (pg. 10)
pang (pg. 27)
coaxing (pg. 83)
6. How do we know Ma and Ba miss Minli?
6a. On page 150, it showed how they always waited until it gets dark.
7. Who do you think has the real borrowed line?
7a. The Dragon because the lions are so old, they have knowledge.
8. Why do you think the tiger is evil?
8a. The tiger most likely had a bad history.
9. How do we know Dragon is hurt badly?
9a. The Green Tiger has poison claws and Dragon has not moved yet. Dragon will die before sunset if no one helps him.
10. How do we know Minli likes the house?
10a. “….Minli’s eyes dazzle with color”
intricate (page 135)
turbulent (page 147)
prods (page 154)
jutting (page 172)
crimson (page 182)
12. How do we know that DaFu is nice?
12a. He helped Minli in a risky situation and also allowed her to sleep over at their place.
13. What shows us that the goldfish is wise?
13a. He gives Pa advice and every time Pa listens to the goldfish, it helps Ma realize her mistakes.
14. How do we know Minli becomes less confident?
14a. People tell her no one has seen the Old Man of the Moon.
15. What context clue shows us Never Ending Mountain is big?
15a. Never Ending
Minli could not see the top of the mountain.
16. How do we know Dragon and Minli support each other and are great friends?
16a. Instead of asking how Minli’s family can have fortune, she asks how the dragon can fly.
Dragon takes Minli to different places, saved her life from the horrible tiger, and waits for Minli until she comes back from the Old Man of the Moon.
Obliged (pg. 211)
Nostalgia (pg. 246)
Baritone (pg. 255)
Indistinct (pg. 276)
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- Shopping Bag ( 0 items )
Discovered in the attic in which she spent the last years of her life, Anne Frank's remarkable diary has since become a world classic—a powerful reminder of the horrors of war and an eloquent testament to the human spirit. In 1942, with Nazis occupying Holland, a thirteen-year-old Jewish girl and her family fled their home in Amsterdam and went into hiding. For the next two years, until their whereabouts were betrayed to the Gestapo, they and another family lived cloistered in the "Secret Annex" of an old office ...
Discovered in the attic in which she spent the last years of her life, Anne Frank's remarkable diary has since become a world classic—a powerful reminder of the horrors of war and an eloquent testament to the human spirit. In 1942, with Nazis occupying Holland, a thirteen-year-old Jewish girl and her family fled their home in Amsterdam and went into hiding. For the next two years, until their whereabouts were betrayed to the Gestapo, they and another family lived cloistered in the "Secret Annex" of an old office building. Cut off from the outside world, they faced hunger, boredom, the constant cruelties of living in confined quarters, and the ever-present threat of discovery and death. In her diary Anne Frank recorded vivid impressions of her experiences during this period. By turns thoughtful, moving, and amusing, her account offers a fascinating commentary on human courage and frailty and a compelling self-portrait of a sensitive and spirited young woman whose promise was tragically cut short.
The journal of a Jewish girl in her early teens describes both the joys and torments of daily life, as well as typical adolescent thoughts, throughout two years spent in hiding with her family during the Nazi occupation of Holland.
June 12, 1942
I hope I will be able to confide everything to you, as I have never been able to confide in anyone, and I hope you will be a great source of comfort and support.
Comment added by Anne on September 28, 1942:
So far you truly have been a great source of comfort to me, and so has Kitty, whom I now write to regularly. This way of keeping a diary is much nicer, and now I can hardly wait for those moments when I'm able to write in
Oh, I'm so glad I brought you along!
Sunday, June 14, 1942
I'll begin from the moment I got you, the moment I saw you lying on the table among my other birthday presents. (I went along when you were bought, but that doesn't count.)
On Friday, June 12, I was awake at six o'clock, which isn't surprising, since it was my birthday. But I'm not allowed to get up at that hour, so I had to control my curiosity until quarter to seven. When I couldn't wait any longer, I went to the dining room, where Moortje (the cat) welcomed me by rubbing against my legs.
A little after seven I went to Daddy and Mama and then to the living room to open my presents, and you were the first thing I saw, maybe one of my nicest presents. Then a bouquet of roses, some peonies and a potted plant. From Daddy and Mama I got a blue blouse, a game, a bottle of grape juice, which to my mind tastes a bit like wine (after all, wine is made from grapes), a puzzle, a jar of cold cream, 2.50 guilders and a gift certificate for two books. I got another book as well, Camera Obscura (but Margot already has it, so I exchanged mine for something else), a platter of homemade cookies (which I made myself, of course, since I've become quite an expert at baking cookies), lots of candy and a strawberry tart from Mother. And a letter from Grammy, right on time, but of course that was just a coincidence.
Then Hanneli came to pick me up, and we went to school. During recess I passed out cookies to my teachers and my class, and then it was time to get back to
work. I didn't arrive home until five, since I went to gym with the rest of the class. (I'm not allowed to take part because my shoulders and hips tend to get dislocated.) As it was my birthday, I got to decide which game my classmates
would play, and I chose volleyball. Afterward they all danced around me in a
circle and sang "Happy Birthday." When I got home, Sanne Ledermann was already there. Ilse Wagner, Hanneli Goslar and Jacqueline van Maarsen came home with me after gym, since we're in the same class. Hanneli and Sanne used to be my two best friends. People who saw us together used to say, "There goes Anne, Hanne and Sanne." I only met Jacqueline van Maarsen when I started at the Jewish Lyceum, and now she's my best friend. Ilse is Hanneli's best friend, and Sanne goes to another school and has friends there.
They gave me a beautiful book, Dutch Sagas and Legends, but they gave me Volume II by mistake, so I exchanged two other books for Volume I. Aunt Helene brought me a puzzle, Aunt Stephanie a darling brooch and Aunt Leny a terrific book: Daisy Goes to the Mountains.
This morning I lay in the bathtub thinking how wonderful it would be if I had a dog like Rin Tin Tin. I'd call him Rin Tin Tin too, and I'd take him to school with me, where he could stay in the janitor's room or by the bicycle racks when the weather was good.
Monday, June 15, 1942
I had my birthday party on Sunday afternoon. The Rin Tin Tin movie was a big hit with my classmates. I got two brooches, a bookmark and two books.
I'll start by saying a few things about my school and my class, beginning with the students.
Betty Bloemendaal looks kind of poor, and I think she probably is. She lives on some obscure street in West Amsterdam, and none of us know where it is. She does very well at school, but that's because she works so hard, not because she's so smart. She's pretty quiet.
Jacqueline van Maarsen is supposedly my best friend, but I've never had a real friend. At first I thought Jacque would be one, but I was badly mistaken.
*Initials have been assigned at random to those persons who prefer to remain anonymous.
is a very nervous girl who's always forgetting things, so the teachers keep assigning her extra homework as punishment. She's very kind, especially to G.Z.
E.S. talks so much it isn't funny. She's always touching your hair or fiddling with your buttons when she asks you something. They say she can't stand me, but I don't care, since I don't like her much either.
Henny Mets is a nice girl with a cheerful disposition, except that she talks in a loud voice and is really childish when we're playing outdoors. Unfortunately, Henny has a girlfriend named Beppy who's a bad influence on her because she's dirty and vulgar.
J.R.—I could write a whole book about her. J. is a detestable, sneaky, stuck-up, two-faced gossip who thinks she's so grown-up. She's really got Jacque under her spell, and that's a shame. J. is easily offended, bursts into tears at the slightest thing and, to top it all off, is a terrible show-off.
Miss J. always has to be right. She's very rich, and has a closet full of the most adorable dresses that are way too old for her. She thinks she's gorgeous, but she's not. J. and I can't stand each other.
Ilse Wagner is a nice girl with a cheerful disposition, but she's extremely finicky and can spend hours moaning and groaning about something. Ilse likes me a lot. She's very smart, but lazy.
Hanneli Goslar, or Lies as she's called at school, is a bit on the strange side. She's usually shy—outspoken at home, but reserved around other people. She blabs whatever you tell her to her mother. But she says what she
thinks, and lately I've come to appreciate her a great deal.
Nannie van Praag-Sigaar is small, funny and sensible. I think she's nice. She's pretty smart. There isn't much else you can say about Nannie.
Eefje de Jong is, in my opinion, terrific. Though she's only twelve, she's quite the lady. She acts as if I were a baby. She's also very helpful, and I
G.Z. is the prettiest girl in our class. She has a nice face, but is kind of
dumb. I think they're going to hold her back a year, but of course I haven't
told her that.
Comment added by Anne at a later date:
To my great surprise, G.Z. wasn't held back a year after all.
And sitting next to G.Z. is the last of us twelve girls, me.
There's a lot to be said about the boys, or maybe not so much after all.
Maurice Coster is one of my many admirers, but pretty much of a pest.
Sallie Springer has a filthy mind, and rumor has it that he's gone all the way. Still, I think he's terrific, because he's very funny.
Emiel Bonewit is G.Z.'s admirer, but she doesn't care. He's pretty boring.
Rob Cohen used to be in love with me too, but I can't stand him anymore. He's an obnoxious, two-faced, lying, sniveling little goof who has an awfully high opinion of himself.
Max van de Velde is a farm boy from Medemblik, but a decent sort, as Margot would say.
Herman Koopman also has a filthy mind, just like Jopie de Beer, who's a terrible flirt and absolutely girl-crazy.
Leo Blom is Jopie de Beer's best friend, but has been ruined by his dirty mind.
Albert de Mesquita came from the Montessori School and skipped a grade. He's
Leo Slager came from the same school, but isn't as smart.
Ru Stoppelmon is a short, goofy boy from Almelo who transferred to this school in the middle of the year.
C.N. does whatever he's not supposed to.
Jacques Kocernoot sits behind us, next to C., and we (G. and I) laugh ourselves silly.
Harry Schaap is the most decent boy in our class. He's nice.
Werner Joseph is nice too, but all the changes taking place lately have made him too quiet, so he seems boring.
Sam Salomon is one of those tough guys from across the tracks. A real brat. (Admirer!)
Appie Riem is pretty Orthodox, but a brat too.
Saturday, June 20, 1942
Writing in a diary is a really strange experience for someone like me. Not only because I've never written anything before, but also because it seems to me that later on neither I nor anyone else will be interested in the musings of a thirteen-year-old schoolgirl. Oh well, it doesn't matter. I feel like writing, and I have an even greater need to get all kinds of things off my chest.
"Paper has more patience than people." I thought of this saying on one of those days when I was feeling a little depressed and was sitting at home with my chin in my hands, bored and listless, wondering whether to stay in or go out. I finally stayed where I was, brooding. Yes, paper does have more patience, and since I'm not planning to let anyone else read this stiff-backed notebook grandly referred to as a "diary," unless I should ever
find a real friend, it probably won't make a bit of difference.
Now I'm back to the point that prompted me to keep a diary in the first place: I don't have a friend.
Let me put it more clearly, since no one will believe that a thirteen-year-old girl is completely alone in the world. And I'm not. I have loving parents and a sixteen-year-old sister, and there are about thirty people I can call friends. I have a throng of admirers who can't keep their adoring eyes off me and who sometimes have to resort to using a broken pocket mirror to try and catch a glimpse of me in the classroom. I have a family, loving aunts and a good home. No, on the surface I seem to have everything, except my one true friend. All I think about when I'm with friends is having a good time. I can't bring myself to talk about anything but ordinary everyday things. We don't seem to be able to get any closer, and that's the problem. Maybe it's my fault that we don't
confide in each other. In any case, that's just how things are, and unfortunately they're not liable to change. This is why I've started the diary.
To enhance the image of this long-awaited friend in my imagination, I don't want to jot down the facts in this diary the way most people would do, but I
want the diary to be my friend, and I'm going to call this friend Kitty.
Since no one would understand a word of my stories to Kitty if I were to plunge right in, I'd better provide a brief sketch of my life, much as I dislike doing so.
My father, the most adorable father I've ever seen, didn't marry my mother until he was thirty-six and she was twenty-five. My sister Margot was born in Frankfurt am Main in Germany in 1926. I was born on June 12, 1929. I lived in Frankfurt until I was four. Because we're Jewish, my father immigrated to Holland in 1933, when he became the Managing Director of the Dutch Opekta Company, which manufactures products used in making jam. My mother, Edith Hollander Frank, went with him to Holland in September, while Margot and I were sent to Aachen to stay with our grandmother. Margot went to Holland in December, and I followed in February, when I was plunked down on the table as a birthday present for Margot.
I started right away at the Montessori nursery school. I stayed there until I was six, at which time I started first grade. In sixth grade my teacher was Mrs. Kuperus, the principal. At the end of the year we were both in tears as we said a heartbreaking farewell, because I'd been accepted at the Jewish Lyceum, where Margot also went to school.
Our lives were not without anxiety, since our relatives in Germany were suffering under Hitler's anti-Jewish laws. After the pogroms in 1938 my two uncles (my mother's brothers) fled Germany, finding safe refuge in North America. My elderly grandmother came to live with us. She was seventy-three years old at the time.
After May 1940 the good times were few and far between: first there was the war, then the capitulation and then the arrival of the Germans, which is when the trouble started for the Jews. Our freedom was severely restricted by a series of anti-Jewish decrees: Jews were required to wear a yellow star; Jews were required to turn in their bicycles; Jews were forbidden to use streetcars; Jews were forbidden to ride in cars, even their own; Jews were required to do their shopping between 3 and 5 p.m.; Jews were required to frequent only Jewish-owned barbershops and beauty parlors; Jews were forbidden to be out on the streets between 8 p.m. and 6 a.m.; Jews were forbidden to go to theaters, movies or any other forms of entertainment; Jews were forbidden to use swimming pools, tennis courts, hockey fields or any other athletic fields; Jews were forbidden to go rowing; Jews were forbidden to take part in any athletic activity in public; Jews were forbidden to sit in their gardens or those of their friends after 8 p.m.; Jews were forbidden to visit Christians in their homes; Jews were required to attend Jewish schools, etc. You couldn't do this and you couldn't do that, but life went on. Jacque always said to me, "I don't dare do anything anymore, 'cause I'm afraid it's not allowed."
1. a) After the Nazi invasion of the Netherlands in May 1940, the Dutch people were immediately faced with the question of choice: how to respond to the Nazi occupation. Tens of thousands of Dutch people followed Hitler, and millions more looked the other way. Eventually, a resistance movement began to grow. The Nazis needed Dutch collaborators to carry out their fascist decrees. What would have influenced someone to become a collaborator? What factors would have encouraged someone to join the resistance? Do you think these factors were based on personal characteristics or political beliefs? What was the price of resistance during the war? What was the price of collaboration? b) Anne Frank and her family were German refugees who resettled and tried to build their lives in the Netherlands. Although the Franks were proud of their German heritage, their feelings toward Germany became very complicated during the war. Anne wrote: "Fine specimens of humanity, those Germans, and to think I'm actually one of them! No. that's not true, Hitler took away our nationality long ago. And besides, there are no greater enemies on earth than the Germans and Jews." (October 9, 1942.) Although Anne had lived in the Netherlands since 1934, she did not become a Dutch citizen. Did Anne have a nationality? If not, were Anne's civil rights protected by any nation? By 1939 some 250, 000 Jews, half of Germany's Jewish population, had fled their homeland. Did these refugees have any guaranteed rights? After the war Otto Frank responded to references to "the Germans" by asking "which German?" He believed strongly that blaming all Germans was another form of stereotyping. What constitutes a stereotype? How is astereotype different from discrimination? c) In The New York Times the writer Anna Quindlen asked, "Would our understanding of the Holocaust be quite the same if Anne Frank had not taken a small plaid diary into hiding with her?" What has most shaped your understanding of World War II: personal experience, Anne's diary, popular films such as Schindler's List, newsreel footage, academic or historical texts? d) Otto Frank chose to edit out some of the negative comments Anne made about her mother and a number of the other residents of the Secret Annex--comments that have been restored in the new translation by Susan Massotty. He believed that Anne would have wanted him to do so. Do you think he was correct? e) In her diary Anne opined: "... if you're wondering if it's harder for the adults here than for the children, the answer is no... Older people have an opinion about everything and are sure of themselves and their actions. It's twice as hard for us young people to hold on to our opinions at a time when ideals are being shattered..." (July 15, 1944.) When was the last time as an adult that you experienced the "shattering" of an ideal? Is the media a neutral force, or do you think it plays a role in supporting or destroying idealism? f) Are there certain characteristics common among those few individuals who risked their own lives to rescue Jews during World War II? Why do so many of them deny their own heroism? g) A disturbing number of neo-Nazi groups have taken hold in all parts of the world. What social conditions would be necessary for them to grow? What do you believe would be the most likely basis of another world war: pride, nationalism, fear, racism, economic interests, or religious intolerance? h) Nazi leader Adolf Eichmann was asked how he could explain the killing of 6 million Jews. He answered, "One hundred dead are a catastrophe, a million dead are a statistic." Have we become more or less tolerant of murder since he made this observation? i) Anne Frank wrote: "I don't believe the war is simply the work of politicians and capitalists. Oh no, the common man is every bit as guilty; otherwise, people and nations would have rebelled long ago!" (May 3, 1944.) How should accountability be assigned? So many say they never understood what was happening. How likely could that have been? j) Hitler published Mein Kampf in 1925, describing his plan for the elimination of Jews. At that time, what steps might have been taken to stop Hitler's rise to power?
Posted April 17, 2009
I love this book- at times I forgot that she was as young as she was, or that she wasn't even alive anymore. I felt like I new her, and she became a great friend of mine. It seemed to me that as she got more and more used to writing, it all seemed to come to her more and more naturally.
There were some discussions- as innocent as they were- that she and Peter had near the end of the book. I found parts of it a bit awkward to read, seeing as she was so young and open about them, but as a kid myself I know it is a common occurrence in conversation. But, nevertheless, it was one of the few real diaries of the Holocaust that I have come across, and is also one of the best Holocaust books I have ever read. I honestly wish they would've survived and been able to marry.
Every page holds some new meaning, or some new secret worry that Anne has to hide from everyone else. And she was so truthful to her diary! She admitted her hopes and fears, and even her angers and faults. When she found her roommate had a secret stash of goods he kept from everyone, I could practically feel her outrage! She described that weird old man so well- he was such a creep! He was probably a weird old pervert, and I'm sorry that she had to room with him.
I can totally get the mother-daughter fighting thing, though I probably didn't get as mad, and I can never hold a grudge. Anne was right to hold out and keep true to herself, even though it seems no one in the world is willing to do that anymore- but if you're already in hiding and being persecuted for your religion. that's the same thing as being persecuted for your beliefs! Letting go would've been like turning away from your religion, and everything that the Jews fighting for freedom stood for.
In short- I really liked it, and I would recommend this to anyone, for any occasion. It was a wonderful read, and I will never, ever forget it. It's a shame she didn't live to write more, it really is. Five stars- please, please, please- go read it!
67 out of 77 people found this review helpful.Was this review helpful? Yes NoThank you for your feedback. Report this reviewThank you, this review has been flagged.
Posted January 5, 2012
Those of u who dont like it just dont you the story of what she went through. Learn more about her story then you still dont have room to criticize her. What would you be acting like if you were in hiding for two years? Yeah.
40 out of 68 people found this review helpful.Was this review helpful? Yes NoThank you for your feedback. Report this reviewThank you, this review has been flagged.
"I still believe, in spite of everything, that people are really good at heart"- Anne Frank. The Diary of a Young Girl, an autobiography by Anne Frank is a wonderful, suspenseful story of her life growing up as a young Jewish girl in the Netherlands during World War II. After receiving a diary on her thirteenth birthday, Anne wrote all about her experiences and her daily living. Only three weeks after her birthday, Anne and her family, went into hiding to escape the Nazis. They faced hunger, cold nights, boredom and the other cruelties of living in confined quarters. This book was written during the Holocaust, so there is a huge worldly connection. This book is and has been quite popular among middle school students, both boys and girls, and is a book that everyone should read. The Diary of Anne Frank is a classic book and it tells the story of a young girl. I highly recommend this book to people of all ages. Anne Frank wrote her story without the intention of it being published. The detail is vivid and visuals are raw and true. Because of that, you are hooked into this thirteen year old girl's life. All in all, The Diary of Anne Frank is an amazing story of a girl, her life, and a diary that holds all her secrets.
34 out of 41 people found this review helpful.Was this review helpful? Yes NoThank you for your feedback. Report this reviewThank you, this review has been flagged.
Posted April 10, 2003
Oh my god, this book is so true, and real. I mean the pain, fear, and horrer that Anne explaind in this story, made me want to cry a couple of times. The fear she had of getting arrested and sent to a camp was so scary. I really reccomend this book to anyone, because anyone will enjoy it. I also would like to thank, Mr. Frank for deciding to share his daughters journal with the rest of the world, that must have been really hard for him. It taught me a lot and will teach you also if you decide to read this story.
26 out of 30 people found this review helpful.Was this review helpful? Yes NoThank you for your feedback. Report this reviewThank you, this review has been flagged.
Posted April 12, 2004
ok people, the headline has to do with my rating, not the book, i figured if you saw the one star, it'd stand out more then all the five stars that every other reviwer gave i rate this book 5 stars and i can sum it up in one sentence- this book completely shatters your views about life. read the book and you'll see what i'm talking about
21 out of 41 people found this review helpful.Was this review helpful? Yes NoThank you for your feedback. Report this reviewThank you, this review has been flagged.
Posted April 22, 2012
The Diary of a Young Girl. That it is. Looking through some of the reviews, it seems people forget a few things. Anne was a real person. She did exist, this was her diary. Her private thoughts and feelings, and her way of coping with her situation. (No therapists!) It wasn't intended to be shared with others, and therefore was not written to be interesting to anyone but herself. Anne was a young girl, growing up in the 40's. She was just coming of age, so of course her growing intrest in her sexuality will be a topic. Also, she is stuck in a fairly small area with her family and others. There's no TV, they can't leave at all, they can't call anyone, cell phones and computers don't exist, and they don't have new books. The only things new would be any news they got from the people helping them, or maybe the radio or newspaper. So what else is there to write about day after day other than the normal goings on of the place where you live and the occupants? Most people I know would go stir crazy, and so it's little wonder that they're at each others throats often. For a young teenage girl, with little to no entertainment, being stuck with the same people day after day, she did well, and was a very good writer.....especially when you consider how people write and their lack of knowledge of proper writing now a days. It is a very good read and a good account of how life was for many of the Jews who had to go into hiding. Some had it worse, some had it better, but this was her life.
19 out of 20 people found this review helpful.Was this review helpful? Yes NoThank you for your feedback. Report this reviewThank you, this review has been flagged.
Posted February 29, 2012
I think this book waz very good it it explains everything that happened in the holocauat differently more interesting i love anne frank she was reallystrong and shes my role model
17 out of 27 people found this review helpful.Was this review helpful? Yes NoThank you for your feedback. Report this reviewThank you, this review has been flagged.
Posted April 7, 2009
Can you imagine living in fear and suspense of being found for three years? The Diary Of Anne Frank is about a young girl, Anne, who also is the author of this book. Who lives in a small town in Germany, in 1939 .The Holocaust started when Anne was 13. Since Anne and her family were Jewish, they had to go into hiding, in fear of the Nazis. After three years of sicknesses, not being allowed to talk, or go out side and having to share a room with five people. Then that day came when her and her family was captured, Anne was held in Dakhu the concentration camp, separated from her family.
I recommend this book to anyone from 10 up. This is a really heartwarming memoir dealing with Anne Frank's struggles to survive. It has a little bit of everything, suspense, romance, excitement, and its suspenseful. Anne Frank uses rich vocabulary and language and it is an easy read. An aspiring true story of Anne Frank.
16 out of 20 people found this review helpful.Was this review helpful? Yes NoThank you for your feedback. Report this reviewThank you, this review has been flagged.
Posted March 17, 2012
Its amazing to read from a different point of view and you get to see what it was like back then its really a sad story but amazing
15 out of 19 people found this review helpful.Was this review helpful? Yes NoThank you for your feedback. Report this reviewThank you, this review has been flagged.
Posted March 24, 2012
For all u people complaining about it beig boring let me remined u that this is her diary. She wasnt expecting the world to read it so she has a right to talk about anything she likes for as long as she likes. Also shes writimg down her thoughts so if Peters in her thoughts alot the she will write about him, she does have a crush on him.
14 out of 19 people found this review helpful.Was this review helpful? Yes NoThank you for your feedback. Report this reviewThank you, this review has been flagged.
Posted February 16, 2012
Posted April 2, 2012
Posted July 14, 2005
This is definitely a must-read for all of you out there who want to get a glimpse into what it was like to be a Jew during WW2 in the Nazi occupied Europe...Anne opened an incredible window for us to look into the ordeal millions of Jewish lives went through because of the attrocities carried out by Hitler and his followers...The book is very genuine and a page turner...I definitely recommend it!
9 out of 10 people found this review helpful.Was this review helpful? Yes NoThank you for your feedback. Report this reviewThank you, this review has been flagged.
Posted November 21, 2009
Do you remember how much this book affected you when you were 12? Well it still has that power for the current girls too.
8 out of 12 people found this review helpful.Was this review helpful? Yes NoThank you for your feedback. Report this reviewThank you, this review has been flagged.
Posted April 2, 2012
Ann frank is such a sad book but it is also good as well. This book os about a girl who is Jewish. And it is the time that the really bad people would turn the jewish into slaves iust beacause they did not like their religion. So all of the jewish go into hidding
6 out of 10 people found this review helpful.Was this review helpful? Yes NoThank you for your feedback. Report this reviewThank you, this review has been flagged.
Posted March 15, 2012
This is probaly the best book someone could ever read. Sureyou have Percy Jackson or Harry Potter but this is true. It is very good book. It tals about a jewish girl who is being, like other jews targetted. ( Even though HITLER was jewish ) It shows that she never gave up on anything. She is a true inspiration.
6 out of 8 people found this review helpful.Was this review helpful? Yes NoThank you for your feedback. Report this reviewThank you, this review has been flagged.
Posted March 1, 2012
I read this book in second grade and i couldn't follow it. But then my teacher assigned it for homework. I can't stop reading it. All in all it is very good and it deserves 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 stars!
6 out of 9 people found this review helpful.Was this review helpful? Yes NoThank you for your feedback. Report this reviewThank you, this review has been flagged.
Posted August 9, 2012
Posted April 11, 2012
Its very hertful to all of the jewish that they did the holcust is so sad but good book:):):):):):):):)$)$)$)$)$)$)$)$)$)$)$)$
5 out of 11 people found this review helpful.Was this review helpful? Yes NoThank you for your feedback. Report this reviewThank you, this review has been flagged.
Posted January 20, 2012
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Is It Just Me, or Are There A Lot of Dragonflies This Summer?
To help us tell stories about how weather and climate change are affecting our region, The Allegheny Front has partnered with iSeeChange—an online almanac where people share their observations and questions about what’s going on around them. This summer, our host Kara Holsopple found herself mulling over her own wildlife mystery: Why she was seeing so many dragonflies in Pittsburgh.
“I mean, sitting in the middle of traffic, two were mating on my car windshield. I don’t remember seeing anything like it before,” Kara said.
So we consulted an expert: Dennis McNair, a retired biology professor from the University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown. He’s been studying dragonflies at a wetland in Bedford County for 20 years. And he said part of the reason Kara’s seeing so many dragonflies could be psychological.
“When people start seeing things, no matter what it is—smart cars or whatever—once you’ve seen one, you start seeing others,” he said.
LISTEN: Your Environment Update for August 31, 2016
But there could also be some science behind it.
“This was a droughty summer, so the dragonflies maybe had warmer water they were developing in,” McNair said.
Turns out, dragonflies spend most of their lives in the larval stage, swimming around in the water. They eat mosquitoes and other bugs, which have also done well this summer. McNair says it’s possible the early spring and warm summer caused more of them to take flight.
McNair says dragonflies, like some other insects and birds, also might be shifting their range north. He has seen a couple of species in Bedford County that are usually found in places like Virginia and the Carolinas. It’s warmer here than it used to be. But he says without more study, it’s hard to say if climate change is impacting dragonflies.
For more climate stories from people just like you, head over to iseechange.org.
The Chesapeake Bay Restoration Effort Goes High-Tech
Though it may feel like a far-flung place to many Pennsylvanians, the Chesapeake Bay—and its environmental health—is actually tied intimately to life in the Keystone State. In particular, the Susquehanna River watershed feeds the Chesapeake—with both freshwater and runoff pollution.
But the Chesapeake Conservancy’s Jeffrey Allenby says new high-resolution imaging technology could help the state’s ongoing land conservation efforts to improve the Bay. Allenby and others are now using aerial images from USDA farm agency airplanes as well as technology that can recognize roads, houses and wetlands the way people would in a landscape. With it, they can see 900 times more data than the satellite images conservation groups have traditionally been using to make their decisions.
“It allows us to identify small-scale features like individual trees or small buffers that have a really large ecological benefit but may not be showing up in data that people have been using before,” Allenby says.
Using that technology, the Chesapeake Conservancy is working with partners in Clinton and Centre counties to pinpoint the most effective places to plant riparian forest buffers—trees and grassy strips along the banks of streams and rivers. Allenby says they’re the last line of defense in slowing down rainwater and preventing sediment and agricultural runoff like nitrogen and phosphorus from getting into the water.
But even though Pennsylvania has made strides in its commitment to curbing pollution reaching the Chesapeake Bay, Allenby says the state could be doing more. Right now, he says Pennsylvania is on track to miss its 2025 goal of having swimmable, fishable rivers.
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Face it: green is in. This sentiment was proven by a 2015 study conducted by the Natural Marketing Institute (NMI), which found that 85% of Americans are accepting of sustainable practices. Moreover, 63% of those survey say that they are increasing their purchase of sustainable products.
In other words, people are no longer just buying—they’re buying with a conscience. As such, whether you’re an architect designing a building’s façade or a design studio crafting your new homeware collection, the materials you use have to be eco-friendly.
An Eco-Friendly Choice
Luckily, alloys such as brass are one of the most sustainable industrial materials in the market. Indeed, most of the brass used today, from the common brass tube to brass sheets, are made from recycled brass. In fact, in countries like the U.K. brass manufacturers use 100% brass scraps.
The reason is that brass is simply costlier to produce from ores than to simply recycle old scraps. As a result, recycled brass is also up to 40% cheaper than newly produced brass. The upside is that the recycled alloys have a smaller ecological impact—instead of using newly mined copper and tin, old brass is simply melted down and reused.
And unlike paper or wood, metals such as brass can be recycled over and over again, because of its unique chemical properties. This is why you should have no fear that recycling brass will have any effect on its suitability for industrial use.
However, sometimes virgin copper (brass’ parent metal), zinc, or other metals may be added to the melted alloy to give it with unique properties. After all, brasses can have different metal ratios that make them suitably for different tasks. Naval brass, for instance, is composed of 59% copper, 40% zinc, and 1% tin.
That being said, once brass has been melted down and imbued with other metals, it can be rolled into tubes, flattened into sheets, and many other products that are suitable for a wide variety of uses.
These days, creating a great product or design is no longer enough. What you create has to be environmentally sound as well, especially as more consumers become more ecologically conscious. If you’re looking for a brass square tube supplier, make sure to ask how they source their alloys and whether their facilities also practices environmentally-friendly procedures.
Properties of Brass Metal, ehow.com
Recycling of Copper, copper.org
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The Bill of Rights
You'll learn more about the U.S. Bill of Rights.
Choose the right answer. You can find questions about geography, history, literature of this country,
Heroes of the Early Roman Republic
A game reviewing the Romans who helped shake the shackles of monarchy and establish the res publica.
Classical China Millionaire
Classical China: Zhou to Han
The Boo-Boos That Changed The World
The accidental invention of the band-aid
Controls, Dissatisfactions, and Revolutionary People
Review of Controls, Dissatisfactions, and Revolutionary People of Colonial America: USI.5d,6a,6c
The Ten Commandments
Learning the Ten Commandments as generally numbered by Lutherans as found in Martin Luther's Small Catechism.
The Apostles' Creed
This quiz works with different aspects of the Apostles' Creed
Prehistory : Paleolithic Period
Who Wants to be a Millionaire for Middle School History
Chapter 10 Test Questions
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Smart manufacturing converges the physical and digital worlds. As part of this, simulation is providing engineers with the power to virtualize every phase of the product development cycle, speeding up design processes and making mass customization a reality.
To stay competitive in today’s digital markets, manufacturers need to reduce time to market and speed up new product development and production processes, while ensuring quality and efficiency. At the same time, they need to be flexible to customer demand.
Simulation is fast being adopted as a way of achieving these goals. It can be used for product design – to check whether there are any potentially costly faults with an initial prototype – as well as plant simulation so that production lines can be tested and optimized before they go live.
Take Nebia, a start-up that was looking to design a showerhead that would transform the user’s shower experience, while saving on both water and energy consumption. As most of the cost of a shower is in heating the water, the designers came up with the idea of atomizing the spray to increase the overall surface area the water covers by ten times, while reducing water consumption levels. Its engineers speeded up time to market using simulation tools, which allowed them to quickly test product variants.
Or consider sports apparel firms. They are looking to take 3D printing, which they have been using to prototype designs, mainstream to meet consumer demand for mass customization. Adidas, for example, is using 3D and 4D Carbon CLIP printing technology, which uses digital light synthesis to produce running shoes precisely engineered to an individual’s needs, drawing on data on their running style.
“For eons the manufacturing process has followed the same four steps that make up the product development cycle – design, prototype, tool, produce. Carbon has changed that: we’ve broken the cycle and are making it possible to go directly from design to production,” said Dr. Joseph DeSimone, Co-Founder and CEO of Carbon.
Many of us associate simulation with the world of gaming. IBM has managed to bridge the world of gaming and the smart factory via an interactive simulation game. It is designed to show how Watson, its artificial intelligence (AI) platform running on a supercomputer, can dramatically increase productivity. In the two-minute long “model factory” simulation, you take on the role of a shoe manufacturer and explore how production lines can use the Internet of things (IoT), analytics, machine learning and AI to double output, without doubling equipment and asset expenses.
The game opens with a request for an order: 2,000 blue and 3,000 tan shoe units. Everything in the smart factory is running smoothly until Watson’s weather alert suggests a blizzard is likely to disrupt the supply of tan materials. The player needs to decide how to get production back on track.
Next, a predictive maintenance alert highlights there is likely to be a system failure in the next 24 hours. Spoken feedback from the maintenance engineer is taken on board by Watson, which uses data analysis to find the root cause of the problem. Watson detects a failing part and asks the engineer to replace it. With no outages for the next 30 days, all orders are on time and budget.
It may not be as simple in real life, but the interactive game gives you an overview of how Industry 4.0, combined with intelligent sensors, analytics and AI, can optimize operations in real time.
Digital twins are becoming increasingly popular in the manufacturing space. They are basically digital representations of physical objects, operating virtually. They have enormous implications for both innovation as well as operational efficiency in smart factory environments.
Digital twins have the power to improve situational awareness and better respond to changing conditions, particularly when it comes to preventative maintenance and system optimization. According to analyst firm Gartner, they can also reduce operational and, in some cases, capital expenses by extending the life of an object, for example.
German manufacturer Siemens is using digital twins, simulation software and big data to advance manufacturing. It can simulate end-to-end production processes, analyze throughput and tweak machines where necessary. To increase quality control, it is able to use the digital twin to model changes on the fly before putting them into effect in the real world.
The way forward
Rising labor and system costs, alongside increasing customer demand, are putting more and more pressure on manufacturers. Simulation enables designers, engineers and executives to answer questions in a risk-free, inexpensive environment. For the smart factory owner, it really is a no-brainer.
Jan has been writing about technology for over 22 years for magazines and web sites, including ComputerActive, IQ magazine and Signum. She has been a business correspondent on ComputerWorld in Sydney and covered the channel for Ziff-Davis in New York.
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April 16, 1912: Rescued women had thrilling experience
Rescued Women Had Thrilling Experience
Lifeboat Passengers Scantily Clad, Floated Helplessly Among Icebergs–Winter Most Severe in History
New York, April 16.–Messages filtering through here indicate that the passengers in the lifeboats from the Titanic had thrilling experiences.
Huge quantities of field ice covered the ocean and the boat steerers had to guide their craft with the greatest care. In some cases the ice was so heavy that the boats could not force their way through it and as a result many of them became widely separated.
Many of the passengers in the lifeboats were scantily clad, having been hurried from their berths in the dead of night and ordered into the boats.
The prevalence of icebergs on the Grand Banks, N. F., this spring is due to the exceptional severity of the recent winter, which was the worst perhaps in the history of Newfoundland and Labrador. From mid-December up to the present time intense frost and incessant storms have prevailed.
20 SAILING VESSELS GONE DOWN THIS WINTER.
The conditions caused the ice forming in ever harbor along Labrador and northern Newfoundland to become unusually thick, and as the severe winds tore the icefloes from the coast, these immense crystal mountains were flung widespread over the ocean and carried south by the current from the polar regions, which, meeting the gulf stream, cause the constant fogs which so greatly menace shipping.
Never in the history of Newfoundland has there been a winter so disastrous to steam and said vessels since November. No less than twenty sailing craft, from 100 to 300 tons burden, have gone to the bottom, seven of them carrying their whole crews down, as well as some sixty-three passengers. The crews of the remainder were rescued from the sinking hulks in the nick of time. Two steamers also sunk with all hands.
The first was the steamer Kampflore, coal laden from Sydney, which, it is believed, was crushed by ice in the February blizzard off Cape Race and sank with her eighteen men. The second was the Erna, a 3,000-ton liner purchased in England and remodeled for use in the seal fisheries. She is now forty-eight days out from Glasgow with fifty-one people, and all hope of her survival is abandoned.
Besides this, the present season has been the severest in the annals of the island’s seal fisheries. The sealing fleet this year comprised twenty-three steamers, from 500 to 2,000 tons, and all report ice conditions worse than ever before. As a result the seal catch this season will be only about 170,000 against 330,000 last year.
SEVERE WEATHER RUINED THE SEAL FISHING.
The steamers Bellaventure, Bonaventure, Florizel and Sagona, four of the finest in the fleet, had to return practically empty because their propellers were smashed off, and today the Labrador returned in a similar plight. Others of the fleet sustained sundry damages through being crushed amid the floes.
All incoming steamers report immense quantities of ice scattered over the Northern Atlantic, and so numerous and widespread have been the floes in the St. Lawrence that the steamship travel of the island has been seriously crippled the whole winter. Three Furness line steamers were so badly damaged by ice that as each in turn arrived in England she had to be docked for repairs, and the company has had to charter outside ships to continue the service. The northeast coast of Newfoundland has been icebound since early in January, coastwise travelings being practically impossible. Owing to similar conditions the Donaldson liner Tritonia, which was drydocked at Glasgow last winter and remodelled at a cost of $60,000 to serve as an ice breaker to enable the Harmsworths to get pulp and paper shipments out of their spring port at Botwood, found the ice so immensely heavy that she was thirty days making thirty miles up the Exploits inlet Notre Dame bay to Botwood harbor, and only succeeded in getting there by the lavish use of dynamite. When she arrived on March 1, she was without coal to return and is still there with the inlet frozen solid.
FISHING FIELD DANGEROUS PLACE NOW.
Behind her, waiting for the spring freshets to break up the floes and admit a collier to supply her with fuel for the return voyage to England, is the Reid company’s powerful new ice-breaker Bruce, which made her maiden trip in February and has been battling with the floes between Newfoundland and Cape Breton since and has suffered such damage–though she is the finest of her class in the world–that she will require extensive repairs in dry dock next month, when the vanishing of the ice will enable an unsheathed steamer to take her place.
Because of the prevalence of ice this winter the operations of the American, Canadian and Newfoundland fishing vessels on the Grand banks have been greatly hampered, while the fresh stream trawlers have found it impossible to operate at all.
The immense floes are dispersed over the whole ocean where these fishing smacks cruise and form the greatest menace to their success. The changing winds often bring in immense infields crashing together, jeopardizing fishing boas in their vicinity and when ice prevails on the Grand banks, as it has this winter fishing vessels are obliged to give the area a wide berth.
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This essay has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers.
This thesis the under-researched educational and school-based issues in relation to the phenomenon of children involved in school violence. This research will assess and determine the outcome of social support and its involvement with school violence, thus it inter-relates overlapping paradigms of children, school and domestic violence which, although currently are receiving more attention, have previously remained unidentified and unconnected (Mullender et al 1998).
The study is based on the hypothesis that schools can make a difference and have a unique part to play in safeguarding children, by recognizing and supporting children living with domestic violence and also by providing preventive education to all.
However schools do not operate in isolation and this study focuses on school as a central facet of a multi-disciplinary and 'joined up' strategy to both educate and safeguard children by studying social support and examining the relationship that social support has with other important factors in the lives of children and adolescents.
The fundamental aim is to determine if social support has an influence on violence in the school setting and explore how individuals in some schools are fulfilling their educational, pastoral, citizenship, moral and social responsibilities in relation to children involved in school violence and to their entitlement to a 'broad and balanced curriculum that prepares them for the opportunities and responsibilities of adult life (ERA 1988).
The central focus is school violence, which affects an unknown number of children (DoH 2001), of whom many remain societally 'invisible' or unrecognized. All children, irrespective of their home circumstances, are expected to attend school
and are entitled to receive an 'inclusive' and relevant education for approximately 12 years of their life, which not only provides qualifications, but also prepares them socially, morally and emotionally for adult life. Finally the linking paradigm of child protection connects theoretical and practice based interventions, currently conceptualized as 'safeguarding children', and some children's home based experiences of maltreatment and abuse, with an educational culture and organization that predominantly focuses on market driven outcomes of attainment and improvement.
Schools in context
Schools are complex organizations. Different areas of school life are not discrete entities but frequently overlap, or exist on a 'pastoral-academic' curriculum, either intentionally or unintentionally. The philosophical underpinning of every aspect of school life is frequently conceptualized s a 'whole school ethos' or para-curriculurn (Ryder and Campbell 1988) and is variously known as the hidden or informal curriculum. The 'whole school ethos' impacts on and is impacted by the concept of social justice, with many teachers seeing their role as countering social injustice by promoting opportunity for the least advantaged. Conversely schools as institutions reflect the societies which produce them and have the added force that they can reproduce those societies. Thus there is no part of school 'which is not part of the curriculum' (Walking 1998: 40). For example, sexism and sexual harassment if tolerated in school become part of the socialization and formation of students (and staff) and continue to be replicated and unchallenged in the wider society (Hame 2000).
Schools employ teaching and non-teaching staff, as well as involving educational, health and social welfare professionals who visit and work in schools, often interacting with school staff and students on a daily basis. Additionally, although self-managing, schools do not operate in isolation and there are many other individuals that this study impacts on and whose professional perceptions, values and attitudes will add holistically to an understanding of the role of school in relation to children living with domestic violence. Moreover, teachers and schools have been identified by others as having an important role in addressing violence.
Although there are currently increasing numbers of schools being supported to develop this neglected area of work, the main focus is on teaching strategies and curriculum development. Predominantly, practitioners outside of the school setting and sometimes women affected by violence initiate it, although often in partnership with schools, for example the Westminster Schools Project (Debbonaire 2002). Moreover for almost two decades schools and education practitioners have been subject to major and radical changes that have been imposed from without, for which their views have rarely been sought. This thesis, although addressing discrete facets of school life, acknowledges that they cannot be viewed in isolation and can affect and be affected by other interactions, relationships and priorities, both inside and outside of school.
Practical questions to be considered within this thesis include:
How do respondents understand violence?
How do respondents perceive their roles and responsibilities?
Are respondents aware of how violence may impact on children and young people in schools?
How are respondents recognizing and supporting children and young people living with violence?
Do respondents work collaboratively?
Do respondents seek to integrate violence into the whole school curriculum?
Statement of the Problem
Currently in the United States there is great interest and concern in the problem of school violence. There have been several reports in recent years of bomb threats and school shootings. Research has shown that most school violence stems from bullying, which shows the extent, to which, bullying can make students reach.
School violence has become such a phenomenon that most schools districts are making anti-bullying lessons a part of their guidance curriculum. More attention is being focused on how students relate to each other. More supervision has been the answer to schools in hopes of limiting the occurrence of bullying and violence.
Objectives of the Study
As mentioned, the aim of the study is to measure the effects of social support and school violence. The following objectives will be addressed in this study:
1. To determine if social support is a significant factor when it comes to students and school violence.
2. To determine the advantages and disadvantages of social support among school aged students.
With this knowledge I hope to plan on gaining from this study. I hope to improve my ability as a counselor to help reduce bullying in my school and to help students cope with bullying behavior.
The need for anti-bullying curriculum is clearly evident by numerous research studies. In 1999 a survey by Peter Smith included several countries; America, Africa, Australia, Europe etc. showed that schools were required to have anti-bullying policies in the schools (Rigby, 2001). Given the effort that schools in many countries are now making to reduce bullying among students, we need to know if these interventions truly work. There have been several studies on this topic and most of them agree that interventions are more likely to be successful when they are applied to younger students and they are applied completely (Rigby, 2002). This ensuring the fact that anti-bullying must be a priority and it is a crucial part of school guidance curriculum.
Students are victims of a variety of problem behaviors at school, ranging from trivial disciplinary problems to more difficult problems. Physical aggression can be referred to as direct bullying, which often takes the form of physical contact where the victim is plainly attacked. Name calling and socially excluding someone can be referred to as indirect bullying. This is often just as deliberate as direct bullying but might not be as noticeable.
There are studies showing that girls and boys differ in the use of direct and indirect bullying. Girls tend to often use the indirect form of bullying and boys use the direct form (Ericson, 2001; Banks, 1997; Carney and Merrell 2001; Crick and Grotpeter 1995). In this study it will be important to consider gender differences and a wide range of aggressive behavior.
If schools are to be truly inclusive and also fulfill their legislative responsibilities, it could be expected that teaching about violence is a prerequisite of supporting and educating children to succeed in the transition from childhood to adulthood. However, as yet violence as an issue to be addressed remains invisible in many schools. Current studies relating to children involved with violence emphasize the social, health, mental, welfare and to a lesser extent educational implications of violence as a form of maltreatment for children, with a focus on the preventive and supportive role of health and social services. It has been suggested that the impact being involved with violence can have both immediate and long-term negative effects on some children, sometimes with profound outcomes. Other children may possess or develop a protective resilience that safeguards them; however it would be myopic to presuppose that this 'immunity' will offer lifelong protection. Increasingly studies, reports and consultations (EMSO 2003, WEE 2004) are suggesting that schools and the education system also have a role as partners in a multi-agency response to recognize and support children involved with violence.
The secondary health and social welfare role of state schools has developed in reaction to particular 'visible' social problems which were having a national impact. For example, the provision of school meals in the early 20th century came in response to malnourished army recruits and concerns for the future health of the nation (CCCS 1981). A pastoral role has always been an expectation of the public school system and has incrementally been incorporated into the state system. However, the primary role of school is to educate, underpinned by the necessity of ensuring children are attending, it sometimes being argued that education cannot be successful until children are emotionally ready (Pring 1987, Sylva 1994).
The increasing body of 'children and violence' research has not yet fully progressed into the domain of education and, where it exists, is still limited to issues of prevention through practice-based initiatives, including resource development and curriculum delivery. There is as yet little evidence-based research or evaluation to suggest models of existing good practice for curriculum planning or delivery, although there is much to be learnt from SRE and HIV/AIDS methodology (Holland et al 1990, Thomson and Scott 1991). However there is an even smaller body of research interest to draw on relating to the pastoral domain of school life that particularly priorities violence. Child protection and education research nonetheless provides a firm foundation and there are many similarities. From this information desert my natural instincts have been to additionally draw on professional experience underpinned by a 'self empowerment' theoretical model to enable the meeting of needs (Maslow 1968, Hopson and Scally 1981, Tones 1987).
This has led me to question what is blocking schools from considering the inclusion of children living with violence. Additionally, 'what can enable schools to be encouraged and supported to work on the social support and to benefit all children? Although violence may be considered contentious, schools have for many years successfully integrated other related and similarly challenging issues into the curriculum (Warwick et al 1988, Thomson 1992, Ray 1995).
Contextualizing violence for children
Despite apparent links between children living with violence, child protection and schools, research, policy, practice and theory are apparently slow to develop these links to the benefit of children. Embedded in all three are issues of power and control, responsibility and the invisibility of violence for children. Power and control are manifested and embedded in patriarchal attitudes in the home, school, the legal system and social services. Responsibility for violence is not demanded of perpetrators, nor of institutions for intervention and prevention. Fundamentally underpinning both is the invisibility of women, children and perpetrators within policy and practice, at national and local levels.
Violence has until recently only been recognized in abusive adult relationships and only during the last decade has it been seen also to implicate and involve children. For a child attending school, any intervention or support offered to an abused child is likely to be initiated by a school practitioner and offered frequently only to the child, ignoring the combined and interrelated impact on children and their mothers. It is crucial, therefore, to contextualize violence for children within a wider understanding of the effects it also has on other family members, particularly their mothers. This is necessary for all school practitioners, teaching and non-teaching, but is particularly salient for those in primary schools, when younger children are more dependent upon their mothers.
For children in school of all ages, teaching about violence has implications for all educational practitioners. Firstly, for children living with violence who may not have already been recognized in school, being taught about it can have both positive and negative impacts, the latter necessitating supportive pastoral and welfare action, often jointly working other agencies. Secondly, violence could be taught in many areas of the curriculum, but it is particularly relevant for Personal, Social and Health Education (PSHE) and Citizenship, which in some schools overlaps with the pastoral system, and especially in Sex and Relationships Education (SRE). At this point it is important to remember that they have had a difficult and fractured history and are frequently taught from a purely information or medical model perspective (Tones 1987), with minimal reference to gendered relations. For education relating to violence to be meaningful, teachers will not only benefit from an information base but also a theoretical understanding embracing the concepts of gendered power and control (Hame 2000).
What is Violence?
When focusing on definitions in research terms, the data collected in the context of the breadth or narrowness of the term 'violence' has far-reaching implications. A broad and inclusive definition will present a problem of greater magnitude than a narrower definition and present a more generalizable picture across a wider spectrum of violence(s). Adopting a narrower definition of physical violence may address an understanding with more specificity and be more quantifiable, but equally may be problematic in reflecting the reality of women, and also their children, experiencing violence in the totality of its overlapping forms (Dobash and Dobash 1998). For abused children, a child protection response is frequently limited to physical and sexual violence, which for schools is more easily identifiable as a cause for concern than emotional abuse and neglect (Geffner and Rossman 1998). In a school setting, the effects and impact of domestic violence for children manifest through social, behavioral and emotional difficulties are more easily attributable to other causes if a narrower definition of violence is adopted.
Violence serves to function as an effective form of social control (Hamner 1978). Walker (1979) also refuted that physical violence is worse than other forms, by illustrating that most of the women she interviewed described verbal abuse and humiliation as their worst experience of abuse. This was irrespective of whether physical violence had been present or not (see Mooney 1994).
Despite the fact that studies that have consulted women suggest that violence can take many forms, physical violence is still the most obviously identifiable and measurable (Mirlees-Black 1999, Walby 2004). Moreover violence and abuse (however categorized) between people who know each other is more frequently considered to be less serious that that from 'Strangers'. Helping professionals, such as lawyers, social workers and doctors as well as police officers, have been criticized not just for their indifference but as being centrally implicated in the very construction and perpetuation of violent relationships through their unsympathetic and unhelpful reactions and interventions (Mullender and Morley 1994: 9).
Any incident of threatening behavior, violence or abuse (psychological, physical, sexual, financial or emotional) between adults who are or who have been intimate partners or family members, regardless of gender (Mulraney 2001: 22). Although a positive development, this expanded definition clearly situates adults (of either gender) as both recipients and perpetrators of violence and excludes children by negating their experiences. Although physical assault is one facet of the phenomenon of violence, there are indications that it is beginning to be taken seriously as a criminal offence by the police and legal system (Home Office 2003) and other statutory services (Humphreys 2000).
Violence is very seldom an isolated behavior or event, rather more it is a combination of associated abusive and controlling behaviors that incrementally increase both in form and severity and frequency, pervading all aspects of life (Walby 2004). The degree and frequency of the violence, abuse and coercion is further influenced and maintained by the structural nature of cultural, hierarchical, family and social boundaries, which may differ between women (Hamner 2000); there is no one stereotype or syndrome but a variety of recognizable patterns.
This study now turns to the role of schools in relation to children experiencing violence and we do know that there are many children living with domestic violence and many are affected, exhibit behavioral and emotional difficulties and some have inconsistent school attendance patterns. Both of these seriously impact on their access to education in school and educational and adult outcomes.
It has been shown previously that when asked, children invariably have said that schools and particularly teachers could have both a pastoral and preventative role (McGee 2000). A recent study has suggested that children would welcome lessons on violence (Mullender et al 2002). Teaching about violence is even more pressing when research with young people suggests that many young men and women thought there could be circumstances in which it would be acceptable for a man to hit a female partner (Burton and Kitzinger 1998; Mullender et al 2002).
This considers how school, despite institutional differences, can make a difference to benefit all children, both now and for their future. It discusses difficulties between the overriding responsibility of schools to deliver the national curriculum with other curriculum areas and the interrelationship with 'caring' and the pastoral care system. School predominantly has a responsibility to educate children of which students' personal, social and moral development is a major aim (NCC 1990) and can be integrated into the taught and informal curriculum, which in its entirety is frequently referred to as a 'whole school ethos'. Underpinning a philosophy of education in schools are concepts of social justice and equality of opportunity for all, however the current social inclusion agenda although proactively promoting children's rights to an education and recognizing groups of vulnerable children, omits to name children living with domestic violence.
The pastoral care system and the teaching of 'Personal, Social and Health Education' (PSHE) and 'citizenship' are sometimes considered to be 'added on' and subsidiary to the teaching of academic subjects. However they are embedded and interrelated facets influencing the whole school ethos and are central to both recognizing and supporting children living with domestic violence. Moreover they are ideally placed to provide preventative education that addresses gender and other social inequality issues. While recognizing that all schools are different they all have common responsibilities to be involved in multi-disciplinary partnerships to safeguard and protect children and to educate children for life.
A school is fundamentally an institution located in a building, a social site (CCCS
1981) that is tangible and recognizable, in which, education in its broadest or narrowest sense can take place. No two schools are identical, not only do they differ architecturally, aesthetically, or in size, they also serve children of different ages, ethnicity, socio-economic background and ability and sometimes gender. They vary in popularity and management styles, experience differential rates of student attendance and types of behavior, employ different pedagogies and produce a wide range of outcomes and, significantly, are culturally different (Hargreaves et al 1996). However they all serve the educational needs of children, have a responsibility to ensure that children can access that right and that children are able to have a voice in aspects of school planning and governance (Keff and Cleaver 2004: 41).
The education system includes schools, as an institutional instrument and democratic social system, which are themselves integral to a much wider whole of 'lifelong learning' of knowledge, skills and values and the development of citizenship, social justice and morals. Implicit to the school as an institution is the need for an organizational structure (Burgess 1986) and an understanding of what schools are meant to attain and how this is measured. Despite differences between schools, the priority of school effectiveness is most often measured in terms of comparing 'like with like' and schools are publicly seen to have a responsibility to succeed by providing a 'quality' education, measured currently by improving academic outcomes (Gray 1995). The predominantly academic orientation of secondary schools, and increasingly of primary (Pollard 1996), presupposes a narrow definition of what counts as achievement and success, limiting the recognized value of less academic education ( ILEA 1984). A current way of maximizing academic success is seen to be grouping or tracking students according to ability, which is suggested to be inconsistent with wider aims of providing a broad and balanced curriculum and positively recognizing a wide range of achievements for all children. For some children living with domestic violence, academic success is not always allocated a high priority, for others it can positively promote self-esteem, value and belonging. However, as Hargreaves et al suggest:
Tracking or streaming is a product of the overwhelming academic orientation that characterizes the culture of secondary school. This culture values academic achievement above all else and ranks students in relation to it (Hargreaves et al 1996: 30).
The prevailing educational 'effectiveness' discourses of the measurement of good and bad, improving and failing schools, articulated through managerialism, inspection and accountability (Weiner et al 1997: 624) have a resonance with the rise and fall of the fortunes of corporate businesses in the transition from modernity to post-modernity. Schools, professionals within them, children attending them and their parents, have for some time been at the sharp end of challenges and change responding to a globalised political economy (Tomlinson 2001). The heterogeneity of responses to the challenges can be as diverse as the needs of the students and communities that schools serve, ranging from Hargreaves culture of 'balkanized' schools to those that care about, collaborate with and empower all those who are involved with them (Hargreaves 1994).
Pring (1988) alternatively considers child centered ways of measuring educational outcomes. Firstly, he considers the way that a child develops as a person, as measured through the development of the powers of the mind and intellect. Secondly, he looks at the capacity to recognize others as persons, as centers of consciousness and reason. Thirdly, he measures how one acts intentionally and deliberately and is accountable and responsible morally for one's actions. Finally, as culmination and synthesis, he asks to what extent is the person conscious of her/his self, with a sense of her/his own worth and dignity. However what is less apparent is how the 'development of a person' can be appropriately measured that looks to the more affective, social and other educational domains. Particularly in an increasingly 'low trust, high surveillance' school culture where the success of the technical and market driven environment of school is measured in quantitatively assessed data.
Wrigley (2003) details eight mutually reinforcing significant points to substantiate his hypothesis that the prevailing emphasis on school effectiveness is antidemocratic. All of these are pertinent to this study, but two are particularly crucial: firstly that it narrows our discourse for thinking about education and its goals, and secondly it limits the scope of teachers to provide curricula to all pupils and particularly to those who may have difficulty with their learning (Wrigley 2003: 109).
Sixty years have passed since the 1944 Education Reform Act (ERA) heralded the democratization of the schooling system with the aim of equality of opportunity for all children. However Skelton (1997) suggests that girls were awarded less equality of opportunity than boys, by both the gender divided curriculum and by access to a relevant school (Deem 1981). The goal of equality of opportunity to a compulsory school based education demonstrating an ideological shift from an education determined by accident of birth to one of achievement was contentious, both in the decision making process and also in the implementation. Successive governments have implemented massive changes to the structure of the educational system, in an attempt to address the fundamental needs of children and young people to develop into educated, responsible citizens with the ultimate outcome of entering into the world of work.
Inclusion of Social Justice
The concept of social justice in educational terms, developed from Aristotle's notion of distributive justice, lies in the requirement of treating equals equally. Rather than the distribution of goods and services in relation to schooling, however, social justice implies a consideration of how every child in every school could be justly treated, by ensuring that they receive a 'good education'. Connell (1994) considers that it is not just the distribution or material resources that arc necessary, but the need is to deal more with the content and process of education that is 'curricular justice. In educational terms 'the "how much" and the "who" cannot be separated from the "what"' (Connell p140). The ‘what; is the hegemonic curriculum that originates historically from the educational practices of European men, thus authorizing the experiences of white men and marginalizing those of women and dominated groups.
The Third Way of social justice and inclusion of the current Labor Government has not as yet been effective in radically altering the inequality or diversity of educational situations that many children and young people experience. Social democracy’s till looks to school improvement’s as being the panacea of disaffection There are targets and performance indicators for raising levels of attainment but not for reducing inequality. According to Mortimorc and Wehitty:
one of the depressing findings is (that) the relative performance of the disadvantaged has remained similar even when the absolute performance of such groups has improved (Mortimore and Whitty 1997: 9).
It is not only in the economic and productive spheres of life that a 'quality' education can be advantageous. The causal link between level of education and risk of poverty takes in various interim factors. A poor educational career has direct consequences beyond the labor market position of the individual as an adult. For example, people with a better level of literacy enjoy markedly better health because they are better informed of risks and can make more effective use of health care and because their living environment exposes them to fewer dangers.
Despite the emphasis on educational inclusion being '... about equal opportunities for all pupils whatever their age, gender, ethnicity, attainment and background' (OFSTED undated), the paramount concern of the Social Exclusion Unit is prioritized as the reduction of truancy and school exclusion (Levitas 1998) and the emphasis for OFSTED inspectors when addressing inclusion is that of attainment (OFSTED undated).
All of these educational developments can disadvantage many children in school
However for children who are additionally disadvantaged by chaotic and disrupted home lives, abused and experiencing emotional and behavioral difficulties, school can be a fearful, disempowering and difficult place to be. As Atkinson and Homby remind us, the national curriculum omitted to give equal attention to the preparation of children for other aspects of life in addition to that of economic opportunities, suggesting that: social and emotional awareness are as important, if not more important than intellectual ability in achieving success... Yet attention to children's emotional competence has so far been omitted from the school curriculum (Atkinson and Homby 2002: 8-9).
All junior high students, grades six through eight, at an Iowa school will take a social support questionnaire. There will be forty participants selected by the results of the social support survey. Half of the participants will be male and half will be female and include multi-cultural students. They will be split into two groups a control group and an experimental group. Each group will participate in a pretest and a posttest.
Data collection strategy will be pretest-posttest control group approach. A group of participants will be selected and randomly assigned to an experimental group and a control group. Both groups of participants are pre tested on the dependent variable and then post tested after the experimental treatment condition has been administered to the experimental group. This approach controls for all of the standard threats to internal validity.
The latest SPSS or Excel software will be used to analyze the scores of the pretest-posttest control group analysis.
Implementation of Plan
The study will have four stages of implementation: the preparation stage, data collection stage, the analysis stage, and the documentation stage. These stages are described in further detail below.
The preparation stage will deal directly with the preparation of materials needed for the study. Also involved during this stage is a literature review of related topics and studies, along with a testing site, selection of participants, and other administrators/helpers.
The second stage will involve the whole control group process. The project site will be an Iowa middle school and the participants will include 40 sixth through eighth graders. The participants will be half male and half female and include multi-cultural students. The participants will be randomly split in half, the first group will be the control group and the second will be the experimental group. The control group will take the pretest and posttest but will not participate in anti-bullying guidance curriculum. The experimental group will also participate in the pretest and posttest, as well as participate in the anti-bullying guidance curriculum.
The third stage is the analysis stage and will involve a comparison of the two groups results from the study. An SPSS or Excel analysis will be used to compare the test scores of the two groups. Tables will be used to better illustrate the results in an easy way to understand.
The final stage, the documentation stage will involve writing the conclusion and recommendation for the results as well as the documentation of the project. That will provide support for the hypothesis to determine that social support has an influence on violence in the school setting.
Conclusions and Recommendations
For children involved in violence schools can make a difference, just by being schools and therefore an important part of children's life. However for schools to make a real difference for all children living with domestic violence and to continue to make a difference to the quality of the rest of their life I have several recommendations.
Firstly and most importantly central government’ also have a responsibility to place children living with domestic violence at the centre of their concern for safeguarding children, to include schools more prominently in its implementation and legislate for domestic violence in the curriculum. It is essential that this requirement is accompanied by adequate funding. Each LEA needs to have a Domestic Violence senior officer with responsibility for policy, strategy and operational developments. Additionally children living with domestic violence need to be recognized and named with-in the educational social inclusion agenda.
Secondly to make it work in schools, all schools need to have a domestic violence coordinator, separate from but in partnership with a child protection coordinator, and outside supportive agencies. The domestic violence coordinator should be a member of the senior management and pastoral care team and straddle academic and pastoral care responsibilities and essentially be part of the Domestic Violence Forum and network and be able to effectively communicate with other schools. Training and support for all staff and governors, but particularly pastoral care staff, needs to be prioritized.
Thirdly all schools need support, training and additional curriculum time to continue to develop PSHE and citizenship that is focused particularly on recognition of gendered equality and equity but also on all forms of oppression in school. Additionally PSHE should have equal status to citizenship and other academic subjects in the curriculum and the recognition that its effective delivery underpins all aspects of school life for all students and staff. Domestic Violence education has to be integrated into PSHE, SRE, citizenship and NHSS at all age groups and as part of the spiral curriculum. Essentially skills development and the process of teaching is as important as the content.
Fourthly the importance of the whole school ethos is too importance to be left to chance, and underpins the success of all the previous recommendations. It needs to address all aspects of school life for all staff and students alike. The distinction has to be made with whole school curriculum development and recognize that a schools is not only about academic success although the two are mutually interdependent.
Finally if these recommendations can be achieved students will be empowered to communicate, discuss, respect, trust and value each other and staff. They will name their own feelings and needs and find their own ways to successfully achieve them.
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EVERYDAY LIFE PREPOSITIONS
A place to show, display and give meaning. This exhibition shows the architectural processes of design,
construction and use of buildings, through material that is accessible to everyone. To exhibit an architectural
process means showing documents generated in phases before and even after the building is completed.
If designing in architecture is described as an array of actions and verbs that synthesise a thought process that
generates space, the prepositions within this construct a position of awareness which relates the subject to its
location in the space (before, beneath, between, from, in, toward, until, on, behind...), and above all, link
architecture with those involved (of, against, without, at by, with, for...) to enable us to design, produce and
transform our everyday spaces. The prefix ‚??pre‚??, usually refers to something earlier, but it could also anticipate
future situations, future events.
Teams participating in the exhibition will display their architectural processes through a project with drawings,
photography, models and audiovisual material to show the ideas process, construction and use of projects
developed in various areas. The architects involved have a pragmatic and experimental approach, which
condenses and manifests in an intense relationship with the urban, cultural and productive environments of
architecture. Their work processes, techniques and materials meditate between the spirit of an era (Zeitgeist)
and their own ingenuity (Erfindergeist).
It is possible to find in the architectural processes, understood as a spatial practice and vital material, some
contradictions or unsolvable aporias. However many historical aporias have been resolved by a change of
worldview, paradigm shift, episteme or technical improvements. Perhaps one can think of such aporias as
indications for and beginnings of other forms of risks, however these risks can lead to testing new ways of life
in the sense of space, material and architectural speculations. So suggests the architect and historian Felicity
Scott, who highlights in the text A Swerve (2012, Un viraje), the opportunity in identifying the current situation
and participating in confronting it.
The spaces at CentroCentroCibeles, following the program at CAAC Sevilla 2014 and Mostra Espanha Evora 2015,
bring together various areas for reflection: Living Dwelling, Processing Projects, Sharing Spaces and
Housing is a pragmatic and experimental project, where everyday activities are added together and overlap to
build a common space. The exhibition shows the investigation and experimentation work for the construction
of individual, groups and collective habitats. These are projects of creation, adaption and reconstruction of
everyday life spaces. Living Dwelling presents processes about individual, group and new collective habitats,
through proposals such as Compromisos circulares (bRijUni arquitectos), Didomestic (elii), Pequenas
grandes casas (PKMN), the Alojamientos en Aldeia de Acor (Rui Mendes) and platforms for research and
action as masqueunacasa.org (lapanaderia), among others.
Project processes exhibited show a critical and reflexive attitude toward the cultural, economic and social
environment in which the projects were developed. The concept of agent or assemblages adds value in these
links between humans and objects (artefacts, buildings, nature, landscape and territories) to reveal the
relationships and the mutual transformation processes.
In the Processing Projects section, you can see these projects from the participating architects which show a
critical and reflexive attitude toward the cultural, economic and social environment in which the projects were
developed such as: Politics of Fabrication (Canales & Lombardero), Sin artificios (D.Jimenez, J.Olivera),
Trazabilidad proyectiva (MEDIOMUNDO arquitectos), Desplazamientos (CUAC arquitectos), Trilogia del
desvelo (Sol89), Sitio de fado na Casa da Severa (J.Adriao), My Space (MEK), e-container (Eboo), among others.
T0 get to know the social agents, the material and techniques that are available around our building sites
shows how global technologies (standardised, serial, industrialised) and local techniques (trades, workers, local
professionals) overlap in the design process and its construction. Knowledge and skills are shared,
accumulated and transmitted through interaction throughout the project up until the built work, something
that directly affects the use and the timeless evolution of the architectural proposal. The use and construction
of the common space is consolidated in processes where the architecture, as critical spatial practice,
incorporates dynamics and works into the neighbourhood. Processes are accompanied by an intense social and
cultural programming focused on the training and the project of different spaces. Overcoming legal obstacles
in favour of the legitimacy of the process of creation and enjoyment of the common spaces.
Sharing spaces includes projects that use and make communal spaces for social interaction and work with the
local neighbourhood. The processes carried out are shown by La carpa: espacio artistico (Recetas Urbanas),
Plan Canada (Todo por la Praxis), El Trebol (Arquitectura Expandida), Diagnostico Intramuros (Infusiones
Urbanas) and Lyceum Passoa Manuel (V.Mestre, S. Aleixo).
The thinking landscape projects incorporate an intense paradigm shift in the architectural reflection. The
landscape from the architectural project simultaneously reformulates spatial concepts and materials, both
natural and artificial, local and global, to generate new perspectives on a territory always under construction.
Thinking landscapes is dedicated to processes that have this landscape as an argument, projects such as O
abrigo (A. Pedro, P. Ribeiro), Casa en el monte (R. Lacour), overlapping processes and dissolving landscapes as
Invernadero (J. Garc√≠a-Germ√°n) or Paisaje en R√ľgen (Studio Wet).
Un-built projects are also displayed like Puerta Nueva, Atrium of the Alhambra (A. Siza and j. Domingo
Santos), which runs through a decision-making process, still on-going, explaining the difficult (very difficult -
says Siza) continuity between memory, heritage, and the global nature of their everyday life prepositions.
Projects that are already in use, such as the access and visitor canopies at the Catedral de M√°laga, which show
the rigorous project processes that its authors, (G. Ruiz Cabrero, M. S√°nchez La Chica, A. de la Torre Prieto) title
A hombros de gigantes (Shoulders of giants).
Other teams reflect on architecture itself, with projects such as ¬ŅQu√© es Arquitectura? Se√Īor Ministro,
arquitectura es‚?¶(kauh arquitectos), research and cross-displinary action groups such as Fronterias (AiPaC)
and publishers Recolectores Urbanos and Vibok Works.
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Leisure and recreation are critical to our overall health. Leisure can lower stress, anxiety, and depression. Often people with disabilities must spend so much time and energy on daily living and managing medical needs, it’s easy to forget the importance of having fun, especially when access to fun activities is also a challenge.
In the AT Lab
Explore ideas for adapting leisure activities for increased participation:
- Adapted gaming
- Board or card games
- Computer games
- Writing or reading for pleasure
For outdoor activities, sports, and specialized equipment, there are a variety of resources in Portland and around Oregon:
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ON THIS PAGE: You will find information about how many people are diagnosed with these two types of cancer each year and some general survival information. Remember, survival rates depend on several factors. To see other pages, use the menu on the side of your screen.
Laryngeal cancer is one of the most common head and neck cancers. This year, an estimated 13,560 adults (10,720 men and 2,840 women) in the United States will be diagnosed with laryngeal cancer. It is estimated that 3,640 deaths (2,890 men and 750 women) from this disease will occur this year.
Each year, an estimated 3,400 adults (2,725 men and 675 women) in the United States will be diagnosed with hypopharyngeal cancer.
The five-year survival rate is the percentage of people who survive at least five years after the cancer is found. Survival rates for hypopharyngeal cancer vary based on a variety of factors, particularly the stage . If the cancer is found at an early, localized stage, the five-year survival rate of people with hypopharyngeal cancer is 53%. If the cancer has spread to nearby areas and/or lymph nodes, the five-year survival rate is 39%. If the cancer has spread to distant parts of the body, the five-year survival rate is 24%.
The five-year survival rate for laryngeal cancer depends on the location of the cancer (glottis, supraglottis, or subglottis, as explained in the Overview section) and the stage. Survival rates for people with cancer in the glottis range from 90% when the cancer is found at the earliest stage to 44% in the most advanced stage, when the cancer has spread to other parts of the body. For cancer in the supraglottis, the rates are 59% for the earliest stage to 34% for the most advanced stage. And regarding people with cancer in the subglottis, the rates range from 65% at the earliest stage to 32% at the most advanced stage.
Cancer survival statistics should be interpreted with caution. These estimates are based on data from thousands of people with this type of cancer in the United States each year, so the actual risk for a particular individual may be different. It is not possible to tell a person how long he or she will live with laryngeal or hypopharyngeal cancer. Because statistics are often measured in five-year intervals, they may not represent advances made in the treatment or diagnosis of this cancer. Learn more about understanding statistics .
Statistics adapted from the American Cancer Society’s (ACS) publication, Cancer Facts & Figures 2015, and the ACS website.
The next section in this guide is Medical Illustrations and it offers drawings of body parts often affected by this disease. Or, use the menu on the left side of your screen to choose another section to continue reading this guide.
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Dead Zones in Our Gulf of Mexico
Dead Zones in the Gulf of Mexico are the growing larger every year with no end in sight! Many fishermen and folks who live along the Gulf of Mexico have been living in negative impact areas known as the “Dead Zones” resulting in human and animal health issues along with massive fish kills yearly.
The dead zone occurs between the inner and mid-continental shelf in the northern Gulf of Mexico, beginning at the Mississippi River delta and extending westward to the upper Texas coast.
How We Got Here
From Michigan to Puerto Rico, streams, creeks and brooks carry an enormous load of pollutants such as synthetic fertilizers and nitrates. These oxygen and nitrogen molecules that crops need to grow eventually make their way into lake, rivers and oceans. This ends up fertilizing blooms of algae that deplete oxygen and leave vast dead zones in their wake. Sadly, these dead zones are carried into the English channel and are meeting other dead zones in international waters. There, no fish or typical sea life can survive.
Indiscriminate use of synthetic fertilizers has resulted in groundwater polluting our gulf waters Dead zones and lifeless soils are created by conventional farming methods. Conventional NPK fertilizers contain excess nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. In fact, most people around the world have high levels of nitrogen in their blood because of these poor farming practices.
How We Can Fix It
Unfortunately, the use of pesticides and conventional chemical fertilizers for long periods of time has had horrible effects on the health of our soils. These pesticides and conventional chemical fertilizers deplete soils of organic matter and nutrients; reducing the overall biological activity. If soils don’t have the necessary microbial and biological activity this will lead to less pathogen resistance. This means the soils will suffer from more plant diseases and crop decline.
The solution to this problem is to use alternatives such as natural lawn fertilizing, organic outdoor pest control, and methods that build soils with mycorrhizal fungi, beneficial microbes and friendly bacteria. Our microbial helpers cause reclamation of soils while adding organic matter. This route would conserve natural resources and create fertile land, clean groundwater and ocean water. At Natural Green, we use this approach. It is important to us that we follow the correct procedures and minimize the negative impacts on our environment.
Mycorrhizal literally means fungal root and describes a beneficial relationship between fungal microorganisms and higher plants. If you have ever found comfort in the shade of large tree or eaten a delicious strawberry, you have benefited from mycorrhizal fungi and friendly bacteria.
If we ever want our soils, waters, oceans, animal and human health to thrive, environmentally conscience landscape practices need to be in our future!
What Is On The Horizon?
Soil scientists from around the globe are finally looking to biological sciences to find better, cleaner and more sustainable methods of growing crops and ornamentals. After decades of focusing exclusively on chemically oriented growing practices, there is hope on the horizon.
One way that you can get involved is by using one of our natural and sustainable programs on your yard. Start healing the environment by using Natural Green today!
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What is it?
How does it happen?
Why is it controversial?
How do we know it's true?
Who is this Darwin guy?
What trends are there?
Let's begin with what evolution is (and what it is not).
Evolution is the change in a population's genetic material over time.
An individual cannot evolve. Growth is not evolution. Only a population can evolve.
How do we know that life evolves?
Let's look at some evidence:
The most often cited evidence is the fossil record. This states that as you go back in time (by digging deeper in the earth or dating the fossils to confirm their age), the skeletons have changed over time. Here it a horse's fossil record:
They grew bigger and lost otes over time. They changed--they evolved.
We can compare the anatomy of organisms:
This will show us which ones are more related evolutionarily.
Homologous structures are ones that are the same despite being used for different purposes:
Analogous structures are used for the same purpose, but very different inside:
Vestigial structures are left over anatomy:
We can compare embryos:
Pretty similar early on. But then:
This shows relationships that sometimes hide in the born creature.
We can compare DNA and get a clearer picture of relationships.
But the only evidence that can be directly observed and controled in a lab setting is bacterial resistance. I have caused a population of bacteria to change over time by adding antibiotics to the dish and only allowing the resistant ones to survive and reproduce. Thus, all the offspring were resistant. The population went from having a small fraction resistant to having 100% resistant over night. I caused evolution!
So, if we believe that populations evolve over time, the next important question is how? What drives this change?
The first person to pose a mechanism for this was a brilliant scientist named Lamarck.
Unfortunately, his theory was laughable. He proposed that organisms strived to their environment and the traits they acquired were passed on to their offspring. For example, the proto-giraffe stretched its neck to reach higher leaves and passed the long neck onto its babies who continued stretching their necks and over time we got giraffes with long necks:
The was laughable because acquired traits are not passed along (if I lose a finger in an accident and then have a baby, it will not be born with 9 fingers).
Now (with epigenetics), we are discovering that he may have been on to something, but more on that later in the DNA unit.
Around this same time, other smart people were making contributions.
A geologist named Lyell showed that the world was much, much older than previously believed.
An economist named Malthus showed that organisms way over produce offspring and the vast majority of them die off (a single maple tree can make millions of seeds each year!). The environment kills them off.
A zoologist named Cuvier discovered lots of homologous, analogous, and vestigial structures.
This paved the way for this man:
He was a naturalist / scientist who traveled around the world on the HMS Beagle and noted lots of similarities and diversity and began to pick up on the driving factor--the environment.
In his view, there is variation within every population. Organisms overproduce offspring. The environment pressures the organisms. The ones best adapted to their environment live better (become stronger and healthier) and reproduce more, thus passing on their genetic material in a higher frequency than their less adapted siblings. Over many generations the frequency of the whole population shifts to show the adaptation.
If the pressure is strong enough, the evolution can happen quickly.
This has been summed up as "Survival of the Fittest."
What have been the trends in evolution?
Single celled --> multicelled [why?]
Tiny --> large [why?]
Sea dwelling --> land dwelling [why?]
Anaerobic --> aerobic [why?]
Other terms to know:
Species - a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring
Population - all the organisms of the same species in a geographic region
Adaptation - a change that better fits an environment
Gene pool - the total variety in a population
Competition - when resources are scarce and some must die
Fitness - how adapted to their environment an organisms is
Speciation - the process by which new species arise
Genetic drift - non-pressured evolution
Coevolution - when two or more organisms evolve together (dependant)
Punctuated equalibrium - long periods of no evolution followed by intense periods of massive die offs and quick changing evolution
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition and a leading cause of death and disability in the United States. Complications of diabetes are serious and may include blindness, kidney damage, heart disease, stroke, and nervous system disease. Diabetes is becoming increasingly common among children and young adults. The two main types of diabetes are Type 1 (insulin dependent) and Type 2 (non-insulin dependent). Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in children and young adults, and is commonly referred to as “juvenile diabetes.” Type 2 diabetes is more common; it is often diagnosed among adults but is becoming increasingly common among children. Risk factors for Type 2 diabetes include obesity, physical inactivity, and a family history of the disease.
In 2005–2006, 76.0 per 1,000 adults reported that they had been told by a health professional that they have diabetes. Women were more likely than men to have diabetes overall (81.2 versus 70.4 per 1,000 adults) and in most racial and ethnic groups. Among women, non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics had higher rates of diabetes (117.6 and 111.8 per 1,000, respectively) than non-Hispanic Whites (69.4 per 1,000).
Diabetes prevalence generally increases with age. In 2005–2006, among women aged 45 and older, the highest rate of diabetes occurred among women aged 65–74 years (197.5 per 1,000 women). In other words, nearly one in five women in this age group have diabetes. Women aged 55–64 and 75 years and older also had relatively high rates of diabetes (155.5 and 153.4 per 1,000, respectively).
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Insects Worth Respecting
Most six-legged creatures are small and we give them little notice. Here are surprises that entomologists are discovering in some very special insects.
Brazilian wasp venom kills cancer cells by opening them up (Science Daily): Will a cure for cancer come from a wasp? An entirely new class of anticancer drugs is being derived from wasp venom.
Insect Mothers Control Their Egg Colors (Current Biology): This paper is categorized under “evolutionary ecology,” but sounds more like good design: “a new study in Current Biology by Abram et al. shows not only that egg coloration in an insect seems to be adaptive in protecting embryos from harmful ultraviolet (UV) light, but also that mothers can selectively control egg appearance depending on where the eggs are laid, and hence risk of UV exposure.” That’s about all the author, Martin Stevens, had to say about evolution: the trait is adaptive.
Butterfly wings help break the status quo in gas sensing (PhysOrg): A beautiful Morpho butterfly like the one on Illustra’s DVD cover, Metamorphosis, graces the top of this article about biomimetics. “The unique properties found in the stunning iridescent wings of a tropical blue butterfly could hold the key to developing new highly selective gas detection sensors,” the article begins. How?
Tiny tree-like nanostructures in the scales of Morpho wings are known to be responsible for the butterfly’s brilliant iridescence. Previous studies have shown that vapour molecules adhere differently to the top of these structures than to the bottom due to local chemistry within the scales. This selective response to vapour molecules is the key to this bio-inspired gas sensor.
Professor Pete Vikucic (U of Exeter) says, “Bio-inspired approaches to the realisation of new technologies are tremendously valuable.”
Nocturnal, compass-guided insects have a sense for turbulence too (Science Daily): A moth migrating in a stiff breeze seems in a bad way. They manage, this article says, by keeping track of the direction of wind gusts. “Turbulence cues” add to their “internal compass” equipment to keep them on course.
How termite mounds ‘breathe’ (Science Magazine): Commenting on a paper in PNAS, “Termite mounds harness diurnal temperature oscillations for ventilation,” the AAAS reporter gives a nice summary of this clever air-conditioning system built by collective action:
Here’s how it works: Inside the hill is a large central chimney connected to a system of conduits located in the mound’s thin, flutelike buttresses. During the day, the air in the thin buttresses warms more quickly than the air in the insulated chimney. As a result, the warm air rises, whereas the cooler, chimney air sinks—creating a closed convection cell that drives circulation, not external pressure from wind as had been hypothesized. At night, however, the ventilation system reverses, as the air in the buttresses cools quickly, falling to a temperature below that of the central chimney. The reversal in air flow, in turn, expels the carbon dioxide–rich air—a result of the termites’ metabolism—that builds up in the subterranean nest over the course of the day, the researchers report online this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Ant communication: Secrets of the antennae (Science Daily): If ants are invading your kitchen, look before you spray. See how they touch antennae as they meet? What are they communicating? They share chemical odors like pheromones in a “complex social communication” system, but what they are doing with the information is a work in progress. Researchers at Kobe University have identified olfactory genes that are expressed in the antennae.
Supersniffing Ants Smell Things Humans Can’t (Live Science): It seems unfair that tiny ants can smell things humans cannot, like low volatility hydrocarbons. Although people can train their sense of smell, “human noses are not up to the standards of ant antennae,” the article says, rubbing it in. “In fact, most animals would not be able to detect the hydrocarbons in the study as a smell at all,” a specialist at UC Riverside says. These chemical cues allow ants to tell the difference between a queen, a major worker, a minor worker, and other castes in the colony. Because the chemicals are not highly volatile (vaporizing), the ants can read each individual neighbor without getting confused by a cloud of smell.
Honey bees rapidly evolve to overcome new disease (Science Daily): Because bees are such important pollinators for agriculture, perhaps you’ve been worried about the hive collapse disease caused by mites that has drastically reduced some honeybee populations. This article says that some bees are “evolving” resistance, but doing it much faster than thought. “One of the most interesting changes in the bee population was in a gene related to a dopamine receptor known to control aversion learning,” the article explains. “Another study has suggested this receptor is involved with bees grooming themselves to get rid of the mites by chewing them up.” Is this really natural selection in action? There may be a programmed response at work; “we see how evolution happens as compared to how we think it happens,” a researcher said. Even if this is natural selection, it is only enhancing an existing trait, not inventing a new trait or organ. Nothing was said about random mutation. Normal genetic variation that occurs in any population appears sufficient to enhance the existing defensive traits.
Deforestation in Mexico butterfly reserve more than triples (PhysOrg): We end on a sad note: the habitat for Monarch butterflies continues to dwindle because of illegal deforestation. The Mexican government appears unable to defend the Monarch sanctuary (a World Heritage Site) from local farmers and outside loggers who are sometimes armed. This means that the heroes of Illustra’s film Metamorphosis: The Beauty and Design of Butterflies face a double threat: shrinking wintering grounds in Mexico and decreasing milkweed availability in the United States. The problem involves multiple governments and differing economic pressures. Readers may wish to join efforts to at least raise awareness and put pressure on the destroyers.
Before stepping on every insect you see, try to understand it. You might find a natural solution to a problem, get a bright idea, and make a lot of money.
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DescriptionAlong both sides of the Bruce Peninsula, the park encompasses 155 square kilometres (60 sq. mi.). Bruce Peninsula National Park preserves one of the last remaining wild areas in southwestern Ontario; it is the core of the Niagara Escarpment World Biosphere Reserve. The backbone of the park is a portion of the Niagara Escarpment, a 725-kilometre (451-mi.) ridge that extends from Queenston Heights on the Niagara River to Tobermory.
The waters of Georgian Bay have carved the escarpment into a spectacular series of overhanging cliffs and caves that form the park's eastern border. At the western edge of the peninsula the park assumes a different face as the terrain slides gently into Lake Huron in a series of marshlands, shallow inlets and sand dunes.
Between the rocky headlands of Georgian Bay and the gentler strand along Lake Huron are a diversity of habitats—cedar swamps, woodlands and rocky barrens. It is this diversity that nurtures the peninsula's rare abundance of orchids, one of the finest displays in eastern North America. About 40 species are found, along with wildflowers and ferns.
Traversing the park is the Bruce Trail, which weaves its way through cedar and birch forest as it skirts the cliffs along Georgian Bay. Trails from the Cyprus Lake area, that begin near the park's major campground, intersect with the Bruce Trail at several places.
Some of the geological highlights along these trails include bioherms, or ancient coral reefs, and the dramatic, sculpted features of Indian Head Cove and Natural Arch along the bay. Close viewing might uncover such orchid varieties as rattlesnake plantain and ladies' tresses, or the fossilized remains of corals, shellfish and other sea creatures.
Summer recreational opportunities include camping, picnicking, hiking, swimming, fishing, canoeing and kayaking; winter activities are snowshoeing, snowmobiling and cross-country skiing.
The park is open all year. The visitor center is open daily 8-8, July-Labour Day; 9-5, May-June and day after Labour Day-Oct. 31. A camping office is open daily 8 a.m.-11 p.m., July 1-Labour Day; 9-5 (also 5-9), late Apr.-June 30; 9-5 (also Fri. 5-8 and Sat. 5-7), day after Labour Day-second Mon. in Oct. Admission is $10.35 per private vehicle. For more information write the Superintendent's Office, Bruce Peninsula National Park, P.O. Box 189, Tobermory, ON, Canada N0H 2R0; phone (519) 596-2233 for information, or (877) 737-3783 for camping and yurt reservations (May through October).
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Babies and children benefit from healthy touch, including massage therapy, and touch is one type of positive attention they can receive from parents. New research indicates babies who receive lots of good attention grow up to be better-adjusted adults.
The benefits of infant massage have been documented in many research studies, and include weight gain, accelerated visual development and reduced stress behaviors. Additionally, massage for children has been shown to reduce anxiety, pain, headache and the severity of autism.
The new research shows plentiful maternal affection in early infancy boosts adult coping skill, and that a mother’s affection at 8 months predicts emotional distress in adulthood.
The researchers based their findings on 482 people who were part of the U.S. Providence Rhode Island birth cohort of the National Collaborative Perinatal Project, according to a press release from the British Medical Journal, where the research ran.
The quality of babies’ interactions with their mothers at the age of 8 months was objectively rated by a psychologist during routine developmental assessment, the press release noted. At the end of each session, the psychologist completed an assessment of how well the mother had coped with her child’s developmental tests and how she had responded to the child’s performance.
The amount of affection and attention she gave to her child was also categorized, with descriptors ranging from “negative” to “extravagant.”
When the subjects reached an average age of 34, their mental health was assessed, using a validated symptom checklist, which captures both specific elements, such as anxiety and hostility, and general levels of distress.
“When the specific elements of the checklist were analyzed, those whose mothers had been observed to be the most affectionate at the 8-month assessment had the lowest levels of anxiety, hostility, and general distress,” the research’s author noted.
The authors conclude that their findings back up the assertion that even very early life experiences can influence adult health.
“High levels of maternal affection are likely to facilitate secure attachments and bonding,” say the authors. “This not only lowers distress, but may also enable a child to develop effective life, social and coping skills, which will stand them in good stead as adults.”
• Stress Tendencies Run in Families
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- The Bible Verse: Matthew 18:20
- Understanding The Meaning of Matthew 18:20 & The Context It Was Used In
- Historical Context
- The Presence of Jesus
- How can Matthew 18:20 Help With Depression
- The Power of Fellowship
- Prayer and Support
- 5 Practical Applications of Matthew 18:20 Message To One’s life
- Application 1: Connecting with a Supportive Community
- Application 2: Developing a Prayerful Routine
- Application 3: Encouraging Others in Their Faith Journey
- Application 4: Seeking Christian Counseling
- Application 5: Practicing Gratitude and Mindfulness
Depression can be a heavy burden to bear, and it may feel like an endless struggle. However, the Bible offers wisdom and guidance that can help alleviate the pain caused by depression. One particular Bible verse, Matthew 18:20, can provide comfort and hope for those in the midst of their darkest days. In this article, we will explore the significance of Matthew 18:20, its meaning, and how it can help those who are dealing with depression.
The Bible Verse: Matthew 18:20
“For where two or three are gathered together in my name, there am I in the midst of them.” (Matthew 18:20 KJV)
Understanding The Meaning of Matthew 18:20 & The Context It Was Used In
To fully understand the meaning of Matthew 18:20, it is important to consider the historical context in which it was written. Jesus spoke these words to His disciples, teaching them about the importance of unity and the power of prayer. This verse reminds us that Jesus is present when believers come together in His name.
The Presence of Jesus
The message in Matthew 18:20 emphasizes the presence of Jesus among His followers when they gather in His name. This presence is essential for believers as it offers comfort, guidance, and strength. The knowledge that Jesus is with us during our times of need can provide a sense of hope and reassurance, which is especially important for those who are battling depression.
How can Matthew 18:20 Help With Depression
The Power of Fellowship
Depression can often lead to feelings of isolation and loneliness. However, Matthew 18:20 reminds us that we are never truly alone when we gather with fellow believers in Jesus’ name. The power of fellowship and community can provide us with the support and encouragement we need to face the challenges of depression.
Prayer and Support
Another key aspect of Matthew 18:20 is the emphasis on prayer. When believers come together to pray, they not only seek the guidance and comfort of Jesus but also provide a support network for each other. This mutual support is crucial for those dealing with depression, as it can help them feel less alone and more connected to others who understand their struggles.
5 Practical Applications of Matthew 18:20 Message To One’s life
Application 1: Connecting with a Supportive Community
Find a local church, Bible study group, or Christian support group that encourages open and honest discussions about mental health. Regularly attending these gatherings can help combat feelings of isolation and loneliness and provide an opportunity to connect with others who share your faith and understand your struggles.
Application 2: Developing a Prayerful Routine
Make prayer a consistent part of your daily routine. Share your thoughts, emotions, and challenges with God, and ask for His guidance and strength. Praying with others who are also battling depression can create a strong bond and provide additional support.
Application 3: Encouraging Others in Their Faith Journey
Offer support and encouragement to others who are going through similar challenges. Sharing your experiences and faith journey can provide hope and inspiration to those who may feel alone in their struggle with depression.
Application 4: Seeking Christian Counseling
Consider seeking professional help from a Christian counselor or therapist. They can provide guidance and support from a faith-based perspective, helping you navigate the complexities of depression while integrating the teachings of the Bible into your healing process.
Application 5: Practicing Gratitude and Mindfulness
Cultivate an attitude of gratitude and mindfulness in your daily life. Reflect on God’s presence and blessings, even in the midst of your struggles. This practice can help shift your focus from the negative aspects of depression to the hope and comfort found in Jesus’ presence.
Matthew 18:20 provides a powerful message of hope and comfort for those battling depression. By understanding its meaning and context, and applying its principles to our lives, we can experience the healing presence of Jesus and find strength in our faith community. Remember that you are not alone, and that Jesus is always present when we gather in His name.
Q1: What does Matthew 18:20 mean?
A1: Matthew 18:20 emphasizes the presence of Jesus among believers when they gather in His name. It provides reassurance that Jesus is with us, offering comfort, guidance, and strength.
Q2: How can prayer help with depression?
A2: Prayer can provide a sense of connection to God and a supportive faith community. It allows individuals to share their emotions and challenges, seek guidance, and find strength in their relationship with God.
Q3: How can fellowship help with depression?
A3: Fellowship helps combat feelings of isolation and loneliness by providing a supportive community of believers who share similar struggles. It offers encouragement and emotional support, which is crucial for those dealing with depression.
Q4: What role does gratitude play in overcoming depression?
A4: Practicing gratitude helps shift the focus from negative thoughts and feelings to the blessings and presence of God in one’s life. This can foster a more positive mindset and encourage hopefulness during challenging times.
Q5: How can I find a supportive Christian community?
A5: To find a supportive Christian community, consider attending local churches, Bible study groups, or Christian support groups that address mental health. These gatherings can provide opportunities for connection, encouragement, and growth in your faith journey.
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Information permeates every corner of our lives and shapes our universe. Understanding and harnessing information holds the potential for significant advances. The breadth and depth of underlying concepts of the science of information transcend traditional disciplinary boundaries of scientific and commercial endeavors. Information can be manifested in various forms: business information is measured in dollars; chemical information is contained in shapes of molecules; biological information stored and processed in our cells prolongs life. So what is information?
In this talk we first attempt to identify the most important features of information and define it in the broadest possible sense. We subsequently turn to the notion and theory of information introduced by Claude Shannon in 1948 that served as the backbone for digital communication. We go on to bridge Shannon information with Boltzmann's entropy, Maxwell's demon, Landauer's principle and Bennett's irreversible computations. We point out, however, that while Shannon created a successful and beautiful theory of information for communication, a wide spread application of information theory to economics, biology, life science and complex networks seems to be still awaiting us. We shall discuss some examples that recently crop up in biology, chemistry, computer science, and quantum physics. We conclude with a list of grand challenges for future research. We hope to list educated questions, rather than answers, to the issues and tools that lay before researchers interested in information.
Kontakt an der TU Wien
Ulrich Schmid | firstname.lastname@example.org | ti.tuwien.ac.at/ecs/people/schmid
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This project has ended | 2010 - 2013
This successful collaboration between African and European institutions ran from February 2010 to July 2013. It achieved its key objectives of producing models for vector-borne diseases such as malaria and Rift Valley fever that can be used to develop tools to give early warning of the occurrence and spread of such diseases.
In particular, making the first step towards the creation of an operational early warning system for malaria went far beyond the original research plans and remit of QWeCI and represents a major advance in applied early warning systems. Potential end users of early warning tools include health professionals and policymakers. Key findings and recommendations for future projects are made in the final report.
- Tailoring products from existing climate models and evaluating their suitability for quantifying health impacts in the region. Such products are being used by scientific partners and in discussions with decision-makers in Africa.
- Evaluating the capability to predict the occurrence of diseases that have a climate driver and producing disease risk maps for dissemination.
- Establishing long-range Wi-Fi to allow the central monitoring of local disease outbreaks and the communication of disease risk.
- Improving the vector-pathogen-host database at the National Consortium for Zoonosis Research in Liverpool, UK, which is available to registered users.
- Setting up an atmospheric database and multi-agency system portal based in Cologne, Germany, and a climate model downscaling portal in Santander, Spain.
The progress would not have been possible without processing existing data, building new model developments, gaining new field data to parametrize and evaluate the models and, most importantly, involving scientists and users in the region to evaluate the forecasting systems. The project has continued and extended collaboration between African and European institutions. Most importantly, it has connected, supported and inspired the next generation of African and European scientists who made key contributions to the project.
Approach and results
The project had three pilot field studies in Senegal, Ghana and Malawi. Advanced European seasonal forecasting systems were coupled with malaria disease transmission models and the results disseminated to African partners and their stakeholders.
Stakeholder communication was an important feature of the project. Newsletters were produced every six months and widely circulated. Stakeholders participated in a number of workshops and many had regular contact with project partners. Dissemination of the project products is a key success of QWeCI; the LMM and VECTRI models have been interfaced into a pre-operational malaria early warning system.
Feedback from African partners has helped in tailoring the products of the early warning system to the needs of end users in the target areas, a long-term process that is still underway. This system is driven by the ECMWF seamless monthly-to-seasonal model outputs to create a seamless forecasting system. At the moment these plots are being trialled in the field with users in Africa. Results have been shared at conferences, in workshops and by project and peer-reviewed publications. QWeCI will also feature in a short film commissioned by the project that will be available through the project website.
Partners and stakeholders
The QWeCI consortium consists of 13 partners from nine countries, with six based in the EU and seven from mostly low-income African countries. The project had two subcontracted stakeholders (the national programmes for malaria and livestock) from Senegal. The Malawi Ministry of Health become another effective stakeholder during the project and participated in the workshops and training activities.
The results of the project include 52 deliverable reports, 29 milestone reports, most of which are available from the QWeCI website, and over 29 peer-reviewed publications in major top-rated journals. A number of these publications are cited in the IPCC Fifth Assessment Reports.
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Framework Programme under grant agreement number 243964.
Quantifying Weather and Climate Impacts on Health in Developing Countries (QWeCI)
One of the most dramatic and immediate impacts of climate variation is that on disease, especially the vector-borne diseases that disproportionally affect the poorest people in Africa. Although we can clearly see that, for example, an El Nino event triggers Rift Valley Fever epidemics, we remain poor at understanding why particular areas are vulnerable and how this will change in coming decades, since climate change is likely to cause entirely new global disease distributions. This applies to most vector borne disease. At the same time, we do not know currently the limit of predictability of the specific climate drivers for vector-borne disease using state-of-the-art seasonal forecast models, and how best to use these to produce skilful infection-rate predictions on seasonal timescales.
The QWeCI project thus aims to understand at a more fundamental level the climate drivers of the vector-borne diseases of malaria, Rift Valley Fever, and certain tick-borne diseases, which all have major human and livestock health and economic implications in Africa, in order to assist with their short-term management and make projections of their future likely impacts. QWeCI will develop and test the methods and technology required for an integrated decision support framework for health impacts of climate and weather. Uniquely, QWeCl will bring together the best in world integrated weather/climate forecasting systems with heath impacts modelling and climate change research groups in order to build an end-to-end seamless integration of climate and weather information for the quantification and prediction of climate and weather on health impacts in Africa.
QWeCI was launched on 1 February 2010. This project idea has received over 3 million euro funding from the EU for a 42 month period and involves 15 partners, 8 of which are African research institutes. More information can be found on the QWeCI website.
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What Is Polycystic Kidney Disease?
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a genetic disorder that causes many fluid-filled cysts to grow in your kidneys. Unlike the usually harmless simple kidney cysts that can form in the kidneys later in life, PKD cysts can change the shape of your kidneys, including making them much larger.
PKD is a form of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that reduces kidney function and may lead to kidney failure. PKD also can cause other complications, or problems, such as high blood pressure, cysts in the liver, and problems with blood vessels in your brain and heart.
What are the types of PKD?
The two main types of PKD are
- autosomal dominant PKD (ADPKD), which is usually diagnosed in adulthood
- autosomal recessive PKD (ARPKD), which can be diagnosed in the womb or shortly after a baby is born
How common is PKD?
PKD is one of the most common genetic disorders. PKD affects about 500,000 people in the United States.1
ADPKD affects 1 in every 400 to 1,000 people in the world, and ARPKD affects 1 in 20,000 children.2,3
Who is more likely to have PKD?
PKD affects people of all ages, races, and ethnicities worldwide. The disorder occurs equally in women and men.
What causes PKD?
A gene mutation, or defect, causes PKD. In most PKD cases, a child got the gene mutation from a parent. In a small number of PKD cases, the gene mutation developed on its own, without either parent carrying a copy of the mutated gene. This type of mutation is called “spontaneous.” Read more about genes and genetic conditions.
What are the signs and symptoms of PKD?
The signs and symptoms of ADPKD, such as pain, high blood pressure, and kidney failure, are also PKD complications. In many cases, ADPKD does not cause signs or symptoms until your kidney cysts are a half inch or larger in size.
Early signs of ARPKD in the womb are larger-than-normal kidneys and a smaller-than-average size baby, a condition called growth failure. The early signs of ARPKD are also complications. However, some people with ARPKD do not develop signs or symptoms until later in childhood or even adulthood.
Can I prevent PKD?
Researchers have not yet found a way to prevent PKD. However, you may be able to slow PKD problems caused by high blood pressure, such as kidney damage. Aim for a blood pressure goal of less than 120/80. Work with a health care team to help manage your or your child’s PKD. The health care team will probably include a general practitioner and a nephrologist, a health care provider specializing in kidney health.
What can I do to slow down PKD?
The sooner you know you or your child has PKD, the sooner you can keep the condition from getting worse. Getting tested if you or your child are at risk for PKD can help you take early action.
You also can take steps to help delay or prevent kidney failure. Healthy lifestyle practices such as being active, reducing stress, and quitting smoking can help.
Make lifestyle changes
Be active for 30 minutes or more on most days. Regular physical activity can help you reduce stress, manage your weight, and control your blood pressure. If you are not active now, ask your health care provider about how much and what type of physical activity is right for you.
If you play contact sports, such as football or hockey, a health care provider should do a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) test to see whether these sports are safe for you. Trauma to your body, especially to your back and sides, may cause kidney cysts to burst.
Lose weight. Being overweight makes your kidneys work harder. Losing weight helps protect your kidneys.
Aim for 7 to 8 hours of sleep each night. Getting enough sleep is important to your overall physical and mental health and can help you manage your blood pressure and blood glucose, or blood sugar.
Reduce stress. Long-term stress can raise your blood pressure and even lead to depression. Some of the steps you take to manage your PKD are also healthy ways to cope with stress. For example, getting enough physical activity and sleep helps reduce stress.
Quit smoking. Cigarette smoking can raise your blood pressure, making your kidney damage worse. Quitting smoking may help you meet your blood pressure goals, which is good for your kidneys and can lower your chances of having a heart attack or stroke. Quitting smoking is even more important for people with PKD who have aneurysms. An aneurysm is a bulge in the wall of a blood vessel. For tips on quitting, go to Smokefree.gov.
Change what you eat and drink
You may need to change what you eat and drink to help control your blood pressure and protect your kidneys. People with any kind of kidney disease, including PKD, should talk with a dietitian about which foods and drinks to include in their healthy eating plan and which may be harmful. Staying hydrated by drinking the right amount of fluid may help slow PKD’s progress toward kidney failure. Read more about what to eat or drink if you have PKD or are at risk for PKD.
Take blood pressure medicines
If lifestyle and diet changes don’t help control your blood pressure, a health care provider may prescribe one or more blood pressure medicines. Two types of blood pressure medicines, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), may slow kidney disease and delay kidney failure. The names of these medicines end in –pril or –sartan.
This content is provided as a service of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), part of the National Institutes of Health. The NIDDK translates and disseminates research findings through its clearinghouses and education programs to increase knowledge and understanding about health and disease among patients, health professionals, and the public. Content produced by the NIDDK is carefully reviewed by NIDDK scientists and other experts.
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Cacti and succulents make outstanding landscaping plants. They require little maintenance, grow in a variety of climates, and are easy to care for and grow. Most will even tolerate neglect. These plants are also well adapted to potted environments, making them excellent candidates for growing indoors as well.
Types of Cacti
Cacti vary in size, color, shape and growing habits. They may grow in upright columns, spreading clumps or spiny balls. They might even be found cascading over large rocks or in hanging baskets. Cacti are available in numerous varieties too, many of which produce stunning flowers. While many types of cactus are native to desert climates, most will tolerate a number of growing conditions. This versatility makes cactus landscaping possible nearly anywhere.
Some popular types of cacti found in landscape settings include:
- Prickly pear cactus – known for its broad, flat prickly stems, of which the tips turn coral colored in bright sun.
- Barrel cactus – resembles spine-covered barrels.
- Cholla cactus – has thin round stems and is quite attractive when used as a focal point within the landscape.
- Pincushion cactus – resembling a small pincushion with its tiny spines sticking out from its round ball-like shape, it makes an interesting addition to the garden.
- Totem pole cactus – characterized by their large height and spineless column shape.
- Organ pipe cactus – grows in clusters that look similar to its name-organ pipes.
Cactus Landscaping Tips
When landscaping with cactus and succulent plants, you should always do your homework first. Learn more about their individual growing requirements and try to match these requirements to that of your landscape.
Cactus plants have a number of survival tactics that allow them to adapt to a particular environment; however, it’s always better to choose those that are more likely to thrive in your particular area. Including a variety of cacti that share similar growing needs but with different heights and textures will add interest to the cactus garden.
Growing Cactus Outdoors
When growing cactus outdoors, choose a sunny, sloped location whenever possible. Locating cactus on a slope allows for better drainage, which is vital when dealing with these plants.
Depending on the types of cactus chosen, beds should be about 6 to 12 inches deep with well-drained soil specially formulated for cactus plants. This can be purchased or mixed yourself using two parts potting soil, two parts sand, and one part gravel. Cactus plants also enjoy a moderate layer of mulch such as pebbles, rocks, or similar substance.
Once established, cacti require little maintenance and very little, if any, water.
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From week 4 writing prompt here.
“Poor people don’t plan long-term. We’ll just get our hearts broken.”
Grade 7 class assignment: Read Linda Tirado’s article from The Guardian published online in the year 2014. Write her a letter explaining how our lives are much different today in 2214.
A Letter From The Future.
by Ilyās Eliyahu
Dear Ms. Tirado,
It’s 2214, post World War III and poverty doesn’t exist. I don’t fully understand what you’re explaining but I will explain our future now. Your news article was given to us to read on our devices at the Education & Historical center. I have heard stories about giant shopping centers called, “Wal-Mart and Costco” and huge grocery stores too. Lots of mass consumption and consumerism.
We don’t have these places now. Some of these ruins still exist, we visited them on a class trip. We tour them between territories and forts using the Hyperloop tube. But most things now are locally cultivated and grown. But because Africa was terraformed in 2080, we also get amazing produce from there that’s managed to feed the entire world. No hunger exists anywhere on earth because of this. After the EMP bomb was detonated over North America from Russia in 2018, everything went dead or so I’ve been told. There was no power, no electricity, everything went off-grid in an instant. Everything that once was, was gone. No communications, not even vehicles ran. Anything with an electrical current was gone.
Wealth is now distributed evenly. There are no predatory banks offering limitless credit and no one source owns it all. The pyramid “scheme” no longer exists, the parasites at the apex of the pyramid that enslaved the masses are long gone now too. There are now 5 presidents in the area that once was America, one for each territory. They are changed every two years not every four. What’s interesting to note is how much prejudice there is during your time. The only prejudice we have now is for those who refuse to contribute, the waywards we refer to them as. Narcissistic and sociopathic entities, or NS’s are quickly identified and eliminated for the safety of all living things.
There is also no racism or hate against sexuality or gender. Soon after the war, many different types of people had to work together to survive out of sheer necessity. Religion and faith is also held dearly. We take faith and spirituality seriously and treasure others who do too. But we do not oppress others or force them into belief if they feel it is right for them. We are at peace with both believers and non believers alike. Every human life matters and so does their innate autonomy. It might also interest you that we admire agnostics and atheists too. Their contributions to society have been numerous in the realms of philosophy and reasoning. They are cherished. The people who survived were the ones who could best tolerate ambiguity and work towards the survival of all. Science had already proven that race didn’t exist, that there was only one species, or race, humans.
Everyone contributes to the best of their abilities. And we now have what’s called as the, “The Nine Paradigms of Humanity” in what once was North & South America. Many belong to more than one Paradigm, some contribute to all and play a part in each Paradigm. The nine paradigms are:
- Health, Biological Sciences & Safety
- Science, Engineering & Tech
- Military Sciences & Tech
- Communications & Tech
- Culture, Languages, Artists & Artisans
- Philosophical Inquiry, Religion-Faith & Laws
- Agriculture, Horticulture, Environmental & Farming Tech
- Education, History & Preservation
Everyone participates in banking, industry and blockchain —and everyone is part of the ninth paradigm, Governance. No one group is better than another and everyone has gifts and talents that contribute to overall society, and to humanity. Communications are also managed by artificial intelligence, AI robots, overseen by people. Most hard labor is done by AI or what we call, the drone labor force. Light Fidelity, or LiFi managed wireless mesh node networks that connect us across the planet and even into space.
There are five colonies living on Mars and two on the moon as I write this. They went there about 15 years ago. The first human being born in outer space was born five years ago in one of the encampments on the Mars. We are very proud of her and her name is Alef, we watched her first steps live on Lightstream TV.
Things in health care have improved greatly too. Obesity rarely ever occurs, when it does it’s treated and cured in under a year. Cancers, were found to be viral and bacterial pathogens that caused epigenetic changes in us. They are treated accordingly with specialized genetic medicines and treatment, curing almost 99.9% of all cases in under five years. Certain cancers have been completely eradicated such as Breast Cancer. Gene therapy is done before birth in those from certain population groups too.
I read you also mentioned your teeth, teeth are now re-grown. Dental and periodontal disease no longer exists. Many things such as artificial limbs and even organs are grown. And we also look a little different from the people of your time. We’re sort of more homogeneous in type. We also dress much differently too.
The majority of mental illnesses like depression, anxiety, Schizophrenia and Bipolar illness and even Autism were found to be caused from bacterium in the Enteric Nervous System. They can be treated and cured within three years of onset. Addiction still happens but that too can be treated within the same time frame also.
Diabetes, both type I and II and even gestational diabetes, no longer exist. Babies are pre-screened before birth and DNA therapy with manipulation is done to correct this anomaly. One of biggest breakthroughs in heart disease, was understanding that fat and cholesterol had nothing to do with heart disease. But it had a lot to do with sugar consumption. This changed how we treated those affected and genetically engineered therapies were given before birth to treat any genetic precursors that would cause it. There are so many advances that I could go on for an entire length of a book! But I want you to know, that things get much better after the war. My great grandparents told me how bad it was during your time. But you know family, they always like to tell stories. I hope to write in the future too. I will be studying for both Culture, Languages, Artists & Artisans and Philosophical Inquiry, Religion-Faith & Laws paradigms. I was identified in grade 5 for having an aptitude in these areas. One day I hope I’m as good a person as you are and as good a writer too.
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Why is travel important in life?
On the exterior, traveling looks like visiting new places, capturing photographs, and doing fun activities, but on interior travel is a lot more than that. Travel helps in self-development, making new friends, refreshing one’s mind and brings out new ideas. It brings transformation, which is commendable.
The holistic development brought by travel can never be achieved sitting at home. It is an investment that equips a person with practical knowledge. Travelling also keeps away stress, depression, and anxiety. It provides a new atmosphere taking out a person from their comfort zone. Overall, traveling broadens the horizon of a person.
Here’s a list of reasons why travel is important in life:
- Travel is the best stress buster: The life we build is full of responsibilities. With it comes to stress and anxiety. The daily routine can take a troll on you, need to break this monotonous chain can feel urgent sometimes.
There is no better way than travel to get some freshness. Exposure to new places, fresh air, landscapes, mountains, can fill in a new zeal and confidence in a person. Be it a solo trip, a trip with family or friends, the experience is always bringing a sense of inner peace.
- Five ways travel helps in busting stress:
- The new atmosphere brings a sense of peace.
- Travelling makes mind healthy, ultimately bringing a delightful mood.
- Travel is the best way to leave behind any sadness, hurtful memories, or pain.
- Travel helps in discovering your best self.
- Believe it or not, depression fears new places.
- Travel helps in Self-development: The people who travel a lot have a better sense of calm and control. Self-development comes with experience throughout life. Travel is the best way to gain new experiences. Meeting new p
- People, managing your behavior while being in a foreign environment, stepping out of your comfort zone, altogether builds the individual persona. There’s an increased sense of adaptability.
Five ways travel helps in self-development:
- Travel introduces a person to their shortcomings.
- It helps to understand your choices more strongly.
- It makes you love and understand the importance of nature.
- Travel helps in new budding ideas.
- It brings freshness and broadens thinking capabilities.
- Travel is the best form of education: History is boring to study, but when you get to see those beautiful monuments, it is much easier to remember the stories associated with them. The educational importance of traveling is huge. That’s the reason many schools and universities have included field trips in their education program.
The learning is not limited to school grounds but to a holistic life approach. While travel, new information about various cultures, famous cuisines, dressing styles, languages, religious cultures, and beliefs comes in from all directions.
Five things that make travel knowledgeable:
- Travel teaches us the world from outside our niche.
- It brings a sense of freedom and independence.
- It improves your knowledge about new cultures and cuisines.
- It provides practical historical knowledge.
- It builds a sixth sense of infinite adaptability.
- Travelling strengthens relationships: A trip covered with your soulmate, your friends or your family and help grow the bond even stronger. Travelling builds compatibility. It gives time, helping people understand each other and grow with each other.
Five ways in which traveling improves relationship:
- Travelling makes a person respect little effort more.
- It brings a sense of responsibility and calmness.
- It creates a lot of happy memories.
- It gives time to bring two people together.
- It helps in reconnecting with old bonds.
- It brings a new perspective to life: Travelling will introduce you to amazing things that seemed impossible before. There are many fun activities that come around during traveling. Every activity is teaching something new.
Five activities to learn from traveling:
- Try to learn swimming; water brings control.
- Try paragliding, swimming in the air brings a sense of freedom.
- Play local games, learn team spirit, and make new friends.
- There are various water sports that will bring you to beautiful underwater corals.
- Trekking makes you Healthy, brings a sense of achievement, and de-stress up your mind.
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Find schools and get information on the program that’s right for you.
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Johnson County is a county located in the state of Tennessee. Based on the 2010 census, the population was 18,244. Its county seat is Mountain City. It is the state's northeasternmost county, sharing borders with Virginia and North Carolina
Named in honor of Thomas Johnson (ca. 1836), early settler of Carter County on the Doe River, prominent citizen and one of the first magistrates of Johnson County.
County QuickFacts: CensusBureau Quick Facts
Created 1836 from Carter County; named in honor of Thomas Johnson (ca. 1836), early settler of Carter County on the Doe River, prominent citizen and one of the first magistrates of Johnson County.
Johnson County was formed in 1836 from Carter County. (Private Acts of Tennessee 1835-1836, Chapter 31).
Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture
Located in the extreme northeastern corner of the state, Johnson County lies on the western slope of the Appalachian Mountains. It is bounded by Virginia on the north and North Carolina on the south and east. Hilly and mountainous, the county covers approximately 290 square miles, and the highest elevation is Snake Mountain at 5,574 feet. The most fertile and flat land can be found along the Little Doe River and Roan and Beaverdam Creeks.
Before the arrival of white settlers, the Cherokees, Creeks, and Yuchis used the area as a hunting and burial ground. Evidence of prehistoric mound builders has been found. The first white settlers were mostly English, but also included some Scots-Irish and Germans. The first settlement occurred at the confluence of a buffalo trail and three wilderness trails. The settlement name, Trade, attests to its importance as a meeting place where settlers, frontiersmen, and Native Americans swapped goods and stories.
Daniel Boone hunted and explored the area between 1761 and 1769. Numerous settlers followed Boone's trail through the wilderness, including John Honeycutt, who built a cabin on Roan Creek. Honeycutt entertained several well-known frontiersmen, including Boone and James Robertson, who achieved fame in the Watauga and Cumberland settlements. Before the end of the century, additional settlements had been established at Little Doe, Shady Valley, and Laurel Bloomery. Find more from the Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture: JOHNSON COUNTY
As reported by the Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 303 square miles (784 km2), of which, 298
square miles (773 km2) of it is land and 4 square miles (11 km2) of it (1.41%) is water. Johnson County's boundary
with Sullivan County is defined as the ridgeline of Holston Mountain.
Bordering counties are as follows:
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Growth mindset creates a love of learning and a resilience that is essential for great accomplishment and we are a growth mindset school. What is “growth mindset”?
Mindset is a simple idea discovered by world-renowned Stanford University psychologist Carol Dweck in decades of research on achievement. Her research focused on why people succeed and how to foster success.
In a “fixed mindset”, people believe their basic qualities, like their intelligence or talent, are fixed traits that can not change. Striving for success and avoiding failure at all costs become a way of maintaining the sense of being smart or skilled.
In a “growth mindset”, people believe that their abilities can be developed through dedication and hard work. Brains and talent are just the starting point. “Growth mindset” people thrive on challenge and see failure not as evidence of unintelligence. This view creates a love of learning and a resilience that is essential for great accomplishment and for success in life.
At Ecole Barrie Wilson, students are taught that their brain is “like” a muscle that grows. Students learn about their brain and how to build strong neural pathways. They are taught to build strong neural pathways by participating, practicing, and persevering. It takes time and effort to build strong neural pathways. Mistakes are part of learning. Students can ask an expert for help when building these new neural pathways. We also teach students the “power of yet”. Take a peek at what world-renowned psychologist Carol Dweck tells us about the word “yet”.
"Just the words “yet” or “not yet,” we’re finding, give kids greater confidence, give them a path into the future that creates greater persistence. And we can actually change students’ mindsets. In one study, we taught them that every time they push out of their comfort zone to learn something new and difficult, the neurons in their brain can form new and stronger connections.” Carol S. Dweck
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Published on March 6th, 2013 | by Joshua S Hill0
Basic Physics Could Offer Simple Method To Model Climate
March 6th, 2013 by Joshua S Hill
The world of climate modelling has to be a tricky one, to be sure. There can never be enough data to input and, to create models that are at all helpful you actually end up needing masses of data so large that it starts to boggle the mind.
However, scientists from Brown University believe that basic physics could actually offer a simple method to model key elements of the climate.
Their research was published in the journal Physical Review Letters and details a technique called direct statistical simulation. According to their research, direct statistical simulation does a very good job of modelling fast-moving flows that form naturally in the oceans and atmosphere called fluid jets.
Brad Marston, professor of physics at Brown University and one of the authors of the paper, says the findings are a key step toward bringing powerful statistical models rooted in basic physics to bear on climate science.
The method of simulation used in climate science now is useful but cumbersome, Marston said. The method, known as direct numerical simulation, amounts to taking a modified weather model and running it through long periods of time. Moment-to-moment weather — rainfall, temperatures, wind speeds at a given moment, and other variables — is averaged over time to arrive at the climate statistics of interest. Because the simulations need to account for every weather event along the way, they are mind-bogglingly complex, take a long time run, and require the world’s most powerful computers.
Direct statistical simulation, on the other hand, is a new way of looking at climate. “The approach we’re investigating,” Marston said, “is the idea that one can directly find the statistics without having to do these lengthy time integrations.”
It’s a bit like the approach physicists use to describe the behaviour of gases.
“Say you wanted to describe the air in a room,” Marston said. “One way to do it would be to run a giant supercomputer simulation of all the positions of all of the molecules bouncing off of each other. But another way would be to develop statistical mechanics and find that the gas actually obeys simple laws you can write down on a piece of paper: PV=nRT, the gas equation. That’s a much more useful description, and that’s the approach we’re trying to take with the climate.”
Simply put, direct statistical simulation focuses attention on fundamental forces driving climate, rather than focusing on ever little aspect. One obvious impact of a climate model like this is being able to model climate conditions millions of years ago without having to reconstruct every aspect of a time we no longer live in.
There are limits, naturally, to direct statistical simulation. The study found that the statistical model started to break down as the pace of adding and removing energy to the fluid system increased.
Marston and and co-author University of Leeds mathematician Steve Tobias are currently working on an expansion of their technique to deal with that problem.
Despite the limitation, Marston is upbeat about the potential for the technique. “We’re very pleased that it works as well as it did here,” he said.
Source: Brown University
Keep up to date with all the most interesting green news on the planet by subscribing to our (free) Planetsave newsletter.
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During the Cold War, more than 36,000 individuals entering Canada claimed Czechoslovakia as their country of citizenship. A defining characteristic of this migration of predominantly political refugees was the prevalence of anti-communist and democratic values. Diplomats, industrialists, politicians, professionals, workers, and students fled to the West in search of freedom, security, and economic opportunity.Jan Raska’s Czech Refugees in Cold War Canada explores how these newcomers joined or formed ethnocultural organizations to help in their attempts to affect developments in Czechoslovakia and Canadian foreign policy towards their homeland. Canadian authorities further legitimized the Czech refugees’ anti-communist agenda and increased their influence in Czechoslovak institutions. In turn, these organizations supported Canada’s Cold War agenda of securing the state from communist infiltration. Ultimately, an adherence to anti-communism, the promotion of Canadian citizenship, and the cultivation of a Czechoslovak ethnocultural heritage accelerated Czech refugees’ socioeconomic and political integration in Cold War Canada.By analyzing oral histories, government files, ethnic newspapers, and community archival records, Raska reveals how Czech refugees secured admission as desirable immigrants and navigated existing social, cultural, and political norms in Cold War Canada.
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Welcome Early Years Educators!
- What makes web 2.0 good for learning?
- What makes Web 2.0 difficult for “schools?”
- Add to Stixyboard?
- What does Rene say?
Look to Learn
- How can we use Web 2? – a New 3Rs + Scaffolding = Look to Learn
- Examples: Water Buffalo Gift
- Example: JabberRumpus MonsterBumpus!?
Social Bookmarking explained by Common Craft
Create your Own Look to Learn
- Register to make a Look to Learn activity
- Consider your links or others – choose one that is Real, Rich and / or Relevant (all three is best!) Maybe the Scootle learning objects (list)? Test link – Mt Scopus
- Look through the Prompts and copy and paste or make up your own.
- Work with others, get feedback, have fun, then Post your Look to Learn activity.
Use our Early Years AISV page for more links
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Types & Grades of Steel
Steel is a lot more complicated than you might guess. Having a basic understanding of steel and its many forms will help you in your metalworking endeavors. The American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) breaks steel into four types.
A popular acronym to remember the types is CAST: Carbon Alloy Stainless Tool
What are the differences in steel grades?
There are two basic systems used to grade steel based on its make up, treatment, and end-use:
- The ASTM (American Society for Testing Materials) grading system assigns a letter prefix based on its overall category as well as a sequentially assigned number that relates to that metal’s specific properties. “A” is the designation for iron and steel materials.
- The SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) grading system uses a four-digit number for classifying different metals. The first two digits designate the steel type and concentration of the alloying element while the last two digits focus on the carbon concentration of the metal.
As the name indicates, the main alloying ingredient in this type of steel is carbon.
Carbon steel is highly versatile, and its uses and properties can vary depending on its carbon content. As the carbon content rises, the steel becomes harder and stronger. However, it does become less ductile, more brittle and harder to weld. Also, the higher the carbon, the lower the melting point of the steel.
Carbon steel is further broken down into four groups based on its carbon content: low, medium, high, and ultra-high.
Low Carbon Steel
Also called mild steel, low carbon steel contains approximately 0.04–0.3% carbon. Because of this, it is malleable, ductile, tough, and very easy to weld. But it is not readily tempered and has a relatively low tensile strength.
Mild steel is also highly versatile and can be changed based on the project at hand. For example, structural steel often has higher carbon levels with more manganese added for strength. On the other hand, draw quality (DQ) mild steel has lower carbon content and instead has aluminum added.
It is also one of the cheapest forms of steel, making it extremely popular and common.
Medium Carbon Steel
The carbon content of this metal ranges from 0.31–0.6%. Additionally, medium carbon steel also has a manganese content of 0.6-1.65%. Because of this, this grade has ductility, strength, and good wear resistance. It is stronger and harder than mild steel, but it is more difficult to weld and form.
Medium carbon steel is common in large parts, forged parts, and automotive components. Usually, it is also tempered or heat treated for even more strength.
High Carbon Steel
This material is also known as carbon tool steel, and generally has a range of 0.61-1.5% carbon. High carbon steel is extremely hard and brittle. But because of this it is very difficult to bend, weld, or cut.
Heavy duty springs, edged tools, and high strength wires are frequently made from high carbon steel.
Ultra-high Carbon Steel
With a carbon content ranging from 1.51-2%, this metal can be heat treated to exceptional hardness. Specialist knives, axles, and punches are typically made from ultra-high carbon steel.
There are some types of steel with more than 2.5% carbon. But these are so challenging to work that they are typically made from powdered metals.
Strictly speaking, every steel is an alloy, but not all steels are called “alloy steels.” However, the term refers to steels that have been alloyed with elements in addition to carbon. The most common elements include manganese, chromium, nickel, silicon, boron molybdenum and vanadium. Less common alloyants include aluminum, cobalt, copper, cerium, niobium, titanium, tungsten, tin, zinc, lead, and zirconium.
Adding other elements to iron and carbon can improve a range of properties. Typically the desired improvements are, strength, hardness, toughness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and hardenability.
Alloy steels are broken down into two groups: low-alloy and high-alloy.
Low Alloy Steels
With a total of 1-5% alloy content, these are and are easily weldable as long as adequate precautions are taken to avoid defects. Low alloy steels may contain as many as four or five alloys in varying amounts.
High strength low-alloy steel (HSLA) is a type of alloy steel that provides better mechanical properties or greater resistance to corrosion than carbon steel. HSLA steels vary from other steels in that they are not made to meet a specific chemical composition but rather to specific mechanical properties.
The most well-known type of low alloy steel is chromoly steel. This alloy has high amounts of chromium and molybdenum, hence the name. It is a high strength steel that is often mechanically similar to low carbon steels except with significantly more strength. Chromoly, also known as chrome-moly, is commonly used for pins, high strength tubes, molds, tooling, shafts, chain links, and furnace equipment.
High Alloy Steels
Usually more expensive, this type of steel is more specialized. High alloy steel often contains alloy levels in excess of 10%, giving them outstanding properties.
Stainless steel, less commonly known as inox steel, has a minimum of 10.5% chromium. The high chromium and carbon content give stainless steel its iconic corrosion resistance, hardness, and strength.
There are six main types of stainless steel: austenitic, super austenitic, ferritic, duplex steel, martensitic and precipitation-hardening martensitic. These differences are extremely technical and often aren’t very relevant outside of welding. For this reason, we won’t dig into the differences here. If you are curious, we dive into the differences in our blog post about the weldability of stainless steel.
There is also an alloy of stainless steel for any project you could imagine. At present there are over 150 specific alloys of stainless steel. This is why stainless steel is used in everything from medical equipment, and cheap knives at mall kiosks, to spacecraft and airplane hulls.
As the name indicates, tool steel is particularly well-suited for making tools because of its distinctive hardness, resistance to abrasion and ability to hold a cutting edge at elevated temperatures.
The four major alloying elements in tool steel are tungsten, chromium, vanadium and molybdenum. Tool steel is often used by bladesmiths in making knives, axes, swords, and more.
According to AISI and SAE specifications, there are six major types of tool steel based around how they are hardened or what they are used for. These grades are also assigned a letter designation to help clarify what they are.
Water Hardening Steel
W – this grade is basically plain high carbon steels that has been water quenched. However, vanadium is also added to increase toughness.
O – oil-hardened
D – high chromium, high carbon
These grades have high hardenability and wear resistance, but only average toughness. The O and A grades experience reduced distortion and odds of breakage during quenching compared to water-hardened grades. D grade has 10-13% chromium and retains hardness at high temperatures.
S – this grade is designed to resist shock at very high and low temperatures. They have high impact toughness, but low abrasion resistance.
M – molybdenum based
T– tungsten based
These grades are designed for use in high-speed cutting tools. They have very high strength and hardness even at high temperatures.
H – all of the hot working grades have the letter prefix H, but it is followed by two numbers that provide more details.
H19 – chromium based
H20-39 – tungsten based
H40-59 – molybdenum based
All these grades offer high strength and hardness at prolonged high temperatures.
P – plastic mold steel, this grade is designed for the very specific needs associated with zinc die casting and plastic injection molding dies.
L – low alloy
F – carbon and tungsten based; this grade is water hardenable but more wear resistant than W type.
The Past, Present, and Future of Steel
By any measure, steel is the most used metal in the world. It is highly versatile, strong, and relatively inexpensive to produce. It can be found holding together the tallest skyscrapers or the smallest kitchen cutlery. Steel plays an invaluable role in nearly every aspect of modern society.
History of Steel
Steel is surprisingly ancient. As humans began to use more iron tools and weapons, they discovered that the strengths of iron could be enhanced, and the weaknesses were reduced by alloying it with other ingredients. Somewhere along the line, people stumbled across steel. Steel tools and weapons were found at a 4,000-year-old site in modern turkey. Horace references Romans using steel weapons just over 2,000 years ago, and excavations have shown that the Chinese have been using steel for at least 2,400 years.
In 1855 English chemist Henry Bessemer developed a more efficient method of smelting steel, now known as the Bessemer process. It is essential to the beginning of the modern steel industry. Though the Bessemer process is no longer used, it helped make steel cheap enough to replace iron for the first time in history and was the staple method of steel production until the mid-1900s.
Steel by the Numbers
Steel production continues to grow at mind boggling rates. In 2018, it is estimated that the world produced almost 4 TRILLION pounds of steel. China is the world’s largest supplier, with 928.3 million metric tons produced. That is nearly half of the global output of steel. India is a very distant second with 106.5 million metric tons produced. Japan comes in third with 104.3 million metric tons, and the US fourth with 86.7 million metric tons.
Future of Steel
While steel production remains massive, many more specialty items are being built these days with specialty grade aluminums, carbon fiber, and plastics. The steel industry is working hard to get back into those fields.
The biggest hurdle for the steel industry is developing new processes for producing steel to reduce and eliminate CO2 emissions. Recycling is critical for the future of metals and steel is no exception. Recycling steel into new and improved projects will not only provide benefits for our environment but may lead to reduced costs and wider availability. While many see recycled steel as “scrap metal” or devalued material, advancements in steel recycling are making drastic economic and environmental improvements.
Furthermore, extreme weather conditions in 2017 and 2018 had major impacts on global steel delivery. Our own parent company thyssenkrupp had major delivery problems because of historically low water levels on the Rhine river. For this reason, many steel giants are looking into reducing their impact and counteracting environmental damage.
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Sarah Aaronsohn (1890-1917) was born in Zikhron Yaakov to a Romanian-Jewish family which had settled in the Land of Israel during the First Aliyah to co-found a moshav. The moshav was later financed and supported by Edmond James de Rothschild (who renamed it Zikhron Yaakov after his father). Aaronsohn studied languages, and could speak Hebrew, Yiddish, Turkish, French, Arabic, and English. She married a wealthy Jewish-Bulgarian businessman and lived with him briefly in Istanbul. When the marriage unraveled, Aaronsohn returned to Israel. During her journey, she personally witnessed the horrors of the Armenian Genocide, and was deeply affected by what she saw. This inspired her to work against the Ottoman Turks, both to stop what was happening to the Armenians, and to prevent the same happening to Jews, as was rumoured at the time. Aaronsohn and her siblings started the NILI spy ring to supply important information to the British. (NILI stood for the Biblical words Netzach Israel Lo Ishaker, “the God of Israel does not lie”, from I Samuel 15:29.) Their spy ring grew to include 40 operatives, making it the largest British spy network in the Middle East during World War I. The information they provided was so vital that General Allenby later admitted he would not have been able to liberate the Holy Land without it. And without Allenby’s conquest, there would probably not have been a State of Israel (at least not so soon). Aaronsohn was also in charge of taking care of the Jews expelled from Haifa and Tel-Aviv by the Ottomans. At one point she worked with Lawrence of Arabia, and many believe the “S.A” to whom he dedicated his book The Seven Pillars of Wisdom is Sarah Aaronsohn. Unfortunately, the Ottomans caught one of Aaronsohn’s carrier pigeons to the British and arrested her shortly after. She was gruesomely tortured for days, refusing to give any information and insisting that she was the sole spy, thus saving the lives of many others. While being transferred to a different torture chamber, she asked to stop at home to change her tattered and blood-soaked clothes. Aaronsohn managed to get a gun and shoot herself in the head. She survived the blast, and suffered for another four days before succumbing to her injuries. In her suicide note, she wrote that she hoped the blood of martyrs like her would one day be avenged, and that her work would speed up the establishment of a Jewish state. History has shown that it certainly did. Aaronsohn was hailed as a new “Joan of Arc”, and is one of Israel’s great heroines.
Shulamit Cohen (b. 1917) was born in Argentina and raised in Jerusalem with her twelve brothers and sisters. Her father was from a wealthy Egyptian-Jewish merchant family, and her mother was the daughter of a prominent rabbi in Jerusalem. In 1936, the family experienced severe financial strain, and Shulamit’s father arranged her to marry Joseph Kishak-Cohen, a wealthy businessman from Beirut. Shula moved to Lebanon, and had five kids by the time she was 24. One day in 1947, she overheard people discussing military activities against Israel. Shula recorded the information in a letter to the Haganah, which was fighting for a Jewish state in Israel, addressing it to her brother in Jerusalem. Five weeks later, an agent of the Haganah’s secret service contacted her. For the next 14 years, Shula worked as an Israeli spy in Lebanon. Her work consisted of two major goals. The first was to gather intelligence about Arab military activities, which she was able to do by getting herself into Lebanon’s high society, including the home of the prime minister, who considered her like one of his own daughters. The second was to help smuggle Jewish families fleeing persecution in the Arab world, particularly from Syria. Over the years, she helped countless families find safe passage to Israel. Shula communicated with the secret service using invisible ink, under the code name “Pearl”. She was first caught for smuggling in 1952. Pregnant at the time, Shula was taken to jail just three weeks after giving birth, and spent 36 days in confinement. She continued her clandestine activities for another 9 years before things got too dangerous and she moved to Rome for three months. Upon her return in 1961, she was immediately arrested for espionage. The trial went on for several months during which she was brutally tortured. She was initially sentenced to death by hanging, but the verdict was softened because she was a mother of seven. Her sentence was reduced to 20 years of hard labour. During the Six-Day War in 1967, Israel captured Lebanese citizens, and used them in a prisoner exchange for Shula and a captured Israeli pilot. Shula has lived in Israel ever since, and still volunteers at schools and IDF bases, despite her advanced age. Two of her sons have high-ranking roles in the Israeli government. A book about her story has been published, called Shula: Code Name The Pearl.
UPDATE: Sadly, Shula Cohen passed away in May of 2017.
Words of the Week
Success is the ability to go from one failure to another with no loss of enthusiasm. – Winston Churchill
Secret Agent Krystyna Skarbek – the inspiration for James Bond’s Vesper Lynd
Maria Krystyna Janina Skarbek (1908-1952) was born in Poland to a Catholic father and a Jewish mother from a wealthy family. From a young age, Maria enjoyed horse-back riding, skiing, and extreme physical activities. At 22, her father died and her mother’s family wealth ran out. Skarbek got a job in a Fiat dealership but fell ill from the fumes. To regain her health, she returned to the slopes and spent the majority of her time skiing and hiking. With the outbreak of World War II, Skarbek fled to London and enlisted in the British Army. She found her way into the Secret Intelligence Service and was sent to Hungary for “espionage, reconnaissance and sabotage”. From there she re-entered Poland by hiking across the mountainous border. Skarbek first attempted to save her mother from the Nazis, but her mother refused to leave and was killed in a camp. Skarbek’s main work was to organize the transfer of vital intelligence reports out of Warsaw to the SIS. (One of these correctly revealed Germany’s planned invasion of the USSR, of critical importance to the Allied victory). She also assisted in smuggling weapons and exfiltrating key military personnel. Arrested by the Gestapo in 1941, Skarbek bit her own tongue until it bled, then pretended to have virulent tuberculosis and used the cover to escape her captivity. She made her way through the Balkans to Turkey, then to the SIS headquarters in Egypt. Upon arrival, she was suspected of being a counter-spy secretly working for the Germans! Thankfully, she cleared her name and returned to work. In 1944 she was posted in France under the name ‘Madame Pauline’. Here were some of her most infamous missions, including demolishing bridges and infiltrating a Nazi prison to save her commanding officer. After the war she was awarded with an Officer of the Order of the British Empire and France’s Croix de Guerre. However, she was dismissed from service with only a month’s salary and left alone in Cairo. She slowly rebuilt her life as Christine Granville. Sadly, in 1952 she was assassinated in a hotel room. Skarbek’s story inspired Vesper Lynd, the original ‘Bond Girl’ in Ian Fleming’s first 007 story Casino Royale. Many consider her Britain’s first female secret agent.
Words of the Week
God transforms spirituality into physicality; the Jew makes physical things spiritual. – Rabbi Israel Baal Shem Tov
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Be sure that you have an application to open
this file type before downloading and/or purchasing.
530 KB|14 pages
World War II Part 4 of 10 - The Blitzkrieg Begins highlights the Nazi Germany's invasion of Poland. With plenty of pictures and lecture notes, the engaging presentation is perfect for a stand-up lecture.
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By Nuuk correspondent Rangi Wehtu Eriksson
With cuts in government spending expected for the vital area of Climate Science, UN-IPCC scientists have engaged with peoples around the Arctic to explore new avenues of funding.
Climate scientists discovered irreversibly-melted Arctic ice more than a decade ago, but the phenomenon was, until now, not commercially exploited.
Community leaders such as those in the extreme regions of Canada; whose people will soon no longer have to toil in filthy oil sands; have embraced the opportunity to profitably employ long-lost skills. While the work is also seasonal, leaders expect to make enough money to sustain them traditionally during the colder months when the irreversibly-melted ice is harder to extract without fraccing.
One of the corporations, whose product is shown here packaged in a domestic 5-litre, recyclable, BPA-free bottle with a RRP of CAN$23.95 (+taxes and government surcharges) in Edmonton, Alberta. The price allows the Michigan corporation to pass on as much as $30 per kilolitre back to the traditional harvesters; after deducting the costs of doing the associated climate science.
Climate scientists warn that cheap imitations may contain at most only traces of irreversibly-melted ice, resulting in the liquid already freezing at 0.004°C (±2°C). “There are billion upon billions of nanolitres of the stuff, so there’s no reason to skimp on essential protection for your car’s engine, the central heating in your home, or for the fish in your outdoor pond.” said one at a recent interview in the Bahamas, recuperating from the strenuous COP22.
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What is cystic fibrosis?
Cystic Fibrosis is a progressive, genetic disease that causes persistent lung infections and limits the ability to breathe over time. In people with CF, a defective gene causes a thick, sticky buildup of mucus in the lungs, pancreas, and other organs. In the lungs, the mucus clogs the airways and traps bacteria leading to infections, extensive lung damage, and eventually, respiratory failure. In the pancreas, the mucus prevents the release of digestive enzymes that allow the body to break down food and absorb vital nutrients. (Source: Cystic Fibrosis Foundation website).
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Подпишитесь на рассылки о научных публикациях
Доцент Бесєдіна Т.Г.,
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF ADEQUATE TRANSLATION
One of the main difficulties of translating lies in the fact that the meaning of the whole text is not exhausted by the sum of meanings of its elements. The meaning of a text is made up by words, syntactic meaning of sentences, lexica semantic connections between words and phrases.
Good practical knowledge of the two languages is quite necessary but not sufficient for translating. Besides this knowledge one must possess a number of skills in translation and be guided by a number of principles worked out by the theory of translation. These principles are connected both with linguistic and extra-linguistic aspects. While translating one must keep in view typological characteristics of both the languages and remember that the same idea may be expressed lexically in one of them and grammatically in the other.
Besides purely linguistic difficulties, translation involves a great number of problems caused by numerous extra linguistic factors. The content of any text is based upon extra linguistic reality, the text itself reflects the cultural background of the author and of the whole people speaking the language, it also reflects the history of the people, their habits and traditions, a peculiar national way of thinking, etc. All these things should necessarily be taken into consideration in order to translate the text adequately. Another demand upon a person translating any text is that he should be well acquainted with its subject matter.
If all these principles are taken into consideration there will be no danger of so called "literal" translation, which means a word-for-word translation. This type of translation with all its seeming accuracy ignores both linguistic and extra linguistic factors. It leads to preserving the meanings of separate words and at the same time it distorts the meaning of the whole text (sentence), thus often creates an undesirable comic effects.
Furthermore the problem of adequate translation is closely connected with the stylistic aspect of translation - one cannot reach the required level of equivalence if the stylistic peculiarities of the source text are neglected. Full translation adequacy includes as an obligatory component the adequacy of style, i.e. the right choice of stylistic means and devices of the target language to substitute for those observed in the source text. This means that in translation one is to find proper stylistic variations of the original meaning rather than only meaning itself.
A translator is to distinguish between neutral, bookish and colloquial words and word combinations, translating them by relevant units of the target language. It sometimes is hard to determine the correct stylistic variety of a translation equivalent. But the final decision is taken on the basis of the context, situation and the background information.
As it is known there are different types of correspondences between the elements of the SL and TL lexical systems. The meaning of equivalents practically does not depend on the context, so to translate them one should merely look them up in a dictionary. But the demand to consult dictionaries is essential. No guesswork is allowed in translation: a word should be either known or looked up; otherwise there is always a risk of translation the word "data" as "дата" or "billet" as "билет" or writing some other nonsense of the kind.
It is much more difficult to translate those words of SL which are characterized by partial correspondence to the words of TL. Such words are mostly poly semantic. That is why in order to translate them correctly it is necessary first of all to state which particular meaning of such a word is realized in the utterance. The most reliable indicator in this case is the context in which the word is used.
There is the difference between linguistic context and extra linguistic context (or context of situation). Linguistic context in its turn is subdivided into narrow (context of a phrase or a sentence) and wide (utterance-length context or sometimes context of the whole text). Very often the meaning of a word is revealed in the minimum context, i.e. in a phrase. It is easy to translate the phrases "green trees" - "зеленые деревья" or "green years" - "юные годы"), if one knows the meaning of the word "green" is - зеленый, юный, незрелый. However, there are such cases when we need at least a sentence or a paragraph to see what the word means.
So translation of any word begins with contextual analysis of its meaning. After that it becomes possible to choose correctly the corresponding word of TL. All types of context can help to identify the meaning of words in SL especially if the words have partial correspondence to the words of TL. The context also can help to identify the meaning of words that do not correspond to any words of TL. Translation of the words which have no correspondences in the other language at all causes many difficulties and requires special means.
In the process of translating a translator has to find it by himself which of the meanings of a poly semantic word is realized in a particular context. A translator has to see if under the influence of this context the word has acquired a slightly new shade of meaning and to decide how this new shade of meaning (not listed in any dictionary) can be rendered in TL. Moreover, it has already been said that every language has its specific way of expressing things, a way that may be quite alien to other languages. That is why a literal (word-for-word) translation of a foreign text may turn out clumsy (if not ridiculous) in TL. To avoid ridiculous translation a translator has to resort to some special devices worked out by the theory of translation and known as lexical and grammatical transformations(or contextual substitutions). Lexical transformations are classified as transformation by means differentiation and concretization, transformation of generalization, semantic development, antonymic translation, and compensation. Grammatical transformations deal with transposition, replacements, additions, and omissions.
1. Карабан В.І. Теорія і практика перекладу з української мови на англійську мову - В.: Нова книга, 2003
2. Комисаров В.Н. - Современное переводоведение - М.: «ЭТС», 2001
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Mutual inductor in electrical systems
The Mutual Inductor block models a mutual inductor, described with the following equations:
|V1||Voltage across winding 1|
|V2||Voltage across winding 2|
|I1||Current flowing into the + terminal of winding 1|
|I2||Current flowing into the + terminal of winding 2|
|L1, L2||Winding self-inductances|
|k||Coefficient of coupling, 0 < k < 1|
This block can be used to represent an AC transformer. If inductance and mutual inductance terms are not important in a model, or are unknown, you can use the Ideal Transformer block instead.
The two electrical networks connected to the primary and secondary windings must each have their own Electrical Reference block.
Self-inductance of the first winding. The default value is 10 H.
Self-inductance of the second winding. The default value is 0.1 H.
Coefficient of coupling, which defines the mutual inductance. The parameter value should be greater than zero and less than 1. The default value is 0.9.
Use the Variables tab to set the priority and initial target values for the block variables prior to simulation. For more information, see Set Priority and Initial Target for Block Variables.
The block has four electrical conserving ports. Polarity is indicated by the + and – signs. Ports labeled +1 and –1 are connected to the primary winding. Ports labeled +2 and –2 are connected to the secondary winding.
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Estimation is the process of calculating the approximate cost and quantity of material for any project. It is always the most important part for any project. As all the other processes, from the issuing of Tender to preparing of design, quantity of material to final completion of project all the things directly or indirectly dependent on the funds we have.
Estimation of project is prepared by reading drawings and with the rates following by CSR and DSR issued by the State Govt. and the Central Govt. In short, Construction estimators work to make the final report on project, regarding time and cost of particular construction projects. In ZCC Group course, students will learn to analyze Costs of residential and commercial properties.
Building Estimation & Costing courses are included in Civil Engineering Degree and that students learn building construction technology in-depth.
- Building cost estimation and estimation from 2D AutoCAD drawings.
- Creation of extensive project views that are combined with significant information from various building modeling (BIM) tools.
- Manual measuring and automatic measuring of areas, and counting of building materials, and then export the same and publishing.
- Latest software technologies for drawing, quantification, viewing, and markup accomplishment, uniting design data, other essential information within fluid architecture. This would make sure that everything can be kept on track of changing variables.
- Creating material quantity departures and performing theoretical evaluations or estimations, from design through pre-reconstruction of the project.
Projects / Lab Gallery
- Become capable to identity all the materials used in construction.
- Create quantity survey reports and summary easily.
- Count quantity of the project design data faster.
- Make quantities that are linked to the particular objects.
- Examine interactive 3D models for cost estimation.
- Ability to compile, update, and interact with quantity-related project data.
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An Anglophone is an “English-speaking person,” and can come from any nationality or any part of the world. No matter where they reside, they simply have to be members of a multi-lingual population having English as their primary language. That is why countries whose primary language is English are normally referred to as Anglophone countries, implying a certain culture, and the origin of this has its basis in colonization because outside of the British Isles, these are countries that had been colonized by imperial England.
A Southern Cameroonian, Ambazonian, is a citizen from the territory clearly defined after the Treaty of Versailles on June 28, 1919. Britain and France were given League of Nations Mandates to administer seized territories from the defeated Germans after the WWII with the British Mandate consisting of two territories; Northern Cameroons and Southern Cameroons. From the onset, the Southern Cameroons was managed from, but not joined to the British territory of Nigeria.
Thus, everything being equal, this territory would be defined today, for those who use the term loosely, as an Anglophone country as you would Nigeria, Ghana, Canada, New Zealand, Australia…
In the context of La Republique du Cameroun, using the term Anglophone to describe English speakers is a weapon, deployed to erase international borders, assimilate a nation of people and grant them second class citizenship in a fraud termed La Republique du Cameroun. This fraudulent entity called La Republique du Cameroun supposedly is made up of two distinct countries; La Republique du Cameroun and the Southern Cameroons.
That the term is utilized ubiquitously in Cameroun as well as the Southern Cameroons demonstrate one of the greatest successes of one people successfully assimilating another in modern history. That most Southern Cameroonians join with all the citizens of La Republique du Cameroun to always contextualize issues as an “Anglophone issue” or “Anglophone problem” demonstrate one of the greatest con jobs in history.
Colonizers have always pitted citizens of those they colonize against each other, that way, once the fight is engaged between them, the colonizers, through their “yes men” sit back and let the wheels of exploitation do its work. In La Republique du Cameroun, the French used the Bamileke’s as that scapegoat until the Southern Cameroons fell into their hands and they thus became secured in their colonial empire by turning the Southern Cameroonians into the bogeyman La Republique du Camerounia
3ns must be afraid of and suppress and not focus on their colonizer, France. And since what is good for the goose must also be good for the gander, La Republique somehow succeeded in creating entities they termed Northwest and Southwest provinces and have been attempting to pit these two against themselves, somehow successfully, so that the dissolution of the last vestiges of the Southern Cameroons can continue apace.
With all of this, there is still a virulent group of Southern Cameroonians who join with our colonizers and worship at the alter of “Southern Cameroonians are Anglophones and Anglophones are citizens of La Republique du Cameroun and that’s that!” To these people, “Cameroon is our country.” The one incontrovertible fact they point to is that a vote was held in which the people of Southern Cameroons “freely” decided, in a democratic fashion to join La Republique du Cameroun.
What is democracy? It is, “a government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation usually involving periodically held free elections.” Has there ever been a situation in the world where a democratically organized election in such a context has been done as a one off? Is anything democratic and free that is a one-off and can never be repeated or duplicated? How can an election to join become something never to be repeated and mean that every single right that a citizen of the Southern Cameroons held that day will be forfeited forever, not just for him or herself, but for their descendants for the rest of time? I can, though it will be a stretch, understand the argument that those who voted to join La Republique forfeited the right to ever vote again on that question, but how can it be that they were given the right to take away my own right to make that decision for myself?
Christians have the concept of original sin, sins of the father but even God Almighty, gave the descendants of Adam and Eve the right, the opportunity, to rid themselves of the poor choices of their forebears; to rid themselves of original sin. Can we, as Southern Cameroonians, children of the same God, accept that we are unworthy of such a right in the context of man? Scotland, Quebec and others were defeated in a war, swallowed up by others through force of arms and bloodshed and governed for hundreds of years and for a majority of those years, had equal citizenship with their conquerors but even so, now, periodically, democratically, they go to the ballot box to see if another generation of Scotts or Quebecois will declare independence or remain in equal citizenship with Canada or England. How can we, who from the start, used a ballot suddenly now are told it was a one-off right given to your forefathers and those whose forefathers lost their land in wars suddenly have the right to go to the ballot every once in a while to affirm that of their own free will, they remain partners in an entity?
There is no Anglophone problem in Cameroun. We are not Cameroonians, “Cameroun” is not our country. We are Ambazonians (Southern Cameroonians) and those who voted to join Cameroun are long gone and never, never, never was their vote synonymous to taking the right of deciding their own destinies from the hands of future Southern Cameroonians.
Editor, Abakwa Times
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