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Foi identificada uma tendência de queda significativa na proporção total de coinfecção pelo HIV nos casos novos de TB no período analisado, variando de 13,7% em 2007 a 10,5% em 2015, com diminuição anual de 3,0% (IC95% -3,4 – -2,6). Houve decréscimo de 3,3% (IC95% -3,7 – -2,8) na proporção entre os indivíduos com residência fixa e de 4,3% (IC95% -6,8 – -1,7) na população sem residência. A análise de tendência temporal da taxa de incidência da coinfecção TB-HIV também revelou uma queda significante no município de São Paulo, com decréscimo de 3,6% ao ano (IC95% -4,4% – -2,7%), variando de 7,0 casos novos a cada 100 mil habitantes em 2007 para 5,3 em 2015 (Figura 1).
To investigate the effect of HIV-related discrimination on psychosocial syndemic problems, we conducted Poisson regression analysis, adjusting for demographics (i.e., gender, age, ethnicity, education, employment status, marital status, sexual orientation, length of being diagnosed with HIV infection, and use of antiretroviral therapy). Poisson regression was used because the outcome variable was the number of psychosocial syndemic problems (from 0 to 4). The variable was count data in nature and followed the Poisson distribution. Demographic variables were dummy coded for the analysis.
On assessing the attitude level, there is significant association seen with the participants who are 25 years and above, married participants, professional group, private institutions, class IV socioeconomic status, Christian participants and days’ scholar. A study in Adama, Ethiopia, also showed a significant association between the age of the participants, marital status and religion with the attitude level . Another study at Uttar Pradesh, India, also showed association with the course of study and religion with the awareness level of the participants . In our study, the participants with a positive attitude are significantly and most likely to have moderate awareness regarding EC. Studies by Gajera et al. and Bugssa et al. also showed significant association between the knowledge and attitude level of the participants.
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A total of 277 targeted cultures were performed and identified V. cholerae (N = 19; 7%); Aeromonas spp. (N = 19; 7%), Shigella spp (N = 5; 2%), and Salmonella spp (N = 3; 1%); note that the approach was targeted and did not test for viral pathogens and other common bacterial pathogens. V. cholerae strains were sensitive to azithromycin (19/19) and ciprofloxacin (19/19), had intermediate sensitivity to cotrimoxazole (16/19) and tetracycline (14/17), and were resistant to erythromycin (19/19). One cholera patient was co-infected with at least Aeromonas spp.
Проведенное исследование демонстрирует высокую распространенность эндокринных нарушений у пациентов с ЛХ, перенесших ПХТ и ЛТ и находящихся в состоянии клинико-гематологической ремиссии. Очевидна необходимость участия специалистов-эндокринологов в диспансерном наблюдении данной категории больных.
El RPC-Manizales 10analizó las diferencias en la supervivencia del cáncer de mama, cuello uterino, pulmón, próstata y estómago y pone en evidencia la existencia de inequidades importantes en la supervivencia del cáncer relacionadas con el seguro de salud y la posición socioeconómica, atribuibles a las barreras y retrasos en la obtención de atención de diagnóstico que se asocian con etapas más avanzadas en el momento del diagnóstico.
In dem sehr lesenswerten Buch Die verlorene Kunst des Heilens zitiert Lown (US-amerikanischer Kardiologe, geb. 1921, mit nicht weniger als 20 Ehrendoktoraten weltweit ausgezeichnet, ) Lewis, der in seinem Buch die Jüngste Wissenschaft [18, S. 45] schreibt: „Das Berühren ist das älteste und wirksamste Werkzeug des ärztlichen Handelns“. Lown führt aus: „Häufig ist das Gespräch beim ersten Interview recht unpersönlich. Die Beziehung zwischen Arzt und Patient ändert sich aber oft dramatisch nach der körperlichen Untersuchung“. Welche Disziplin untersucht heute noch intensiv klinisch (ganz)körperlich?
The phylogenetic analysis using 52 NLR-IDs of H. villosa was also conducted as shown in Fig. 5 (https://itol.embl.de/shared/2018201031). Most of the NLR-IDs with the same IDs could be phylogenetically clustered, especially those NLR-IDs containing DDE, B3 and Kelch clustered into large groups, respectively. The tightly clustered NLR-IDs with similar domain compositions in the tree were usually in silico located on the same chromosomes, indicating that these members likely expanded by tandem duplication after the NLR fused with the ID. There are exceptions, for example, NLR-IDs with Pkinase were clustered into different groups indicating independent cases of fusion. The direct evidence is that the tightly grouped NLR-IDs, Hv-contig-705, Hv-contig-869 and Hv-contig-1233, contained a Pkinase integrated into the CC-terminal, while Hv-contig-316 and Hv-contig-317 contained a Pkinase integrated into the LRR-terminal (Figs. 4 and 5). Another example for independent fusion concerns the case of RVT_1 which is found integrated into Hv-contig-967, Hv-contig-127 and Hv-contig-663, which have different domain compositions and chromosome locations (Figs. 4 and 5).Fig. 5Phylogenetic analysis of the 52 NLR-IDs in H. villosa. The phylogenetic tree of the 52 NLR-IDs of H. villosa was constructed using MEGA7 by Neighbor-Joining method with 1000 bootstrap replicates, and the tree was visualized using iTOL (https://itol.embl.de/shared/2018201031). Most of NLR-IDs with the same IDs could be phylogenetically clustered, in particular those NLR-IDs containing DDE, B3 and Kelch domains. However, NLR-IDs with Pkinase or RVT_1 were spread across different groups
In particular, extracts obtained with the conventional method presented a higher antioxidant activity compared to the extracts obtained with UAE. Among the plants analyzed, olive leaves extracted with ethanol/water mixture in the CE way showed the largest antioxidant activity (7.8 mmol TE) which was indicated by their high level of phenolic compounds, so the processing of olives changes the profile of phenolic compounds and therefore, both the organoleptic properties and the antioxidant capacity of the product.
Studies on population genetics of Malagasy fauna have generally been focused on animals with high dispersal abilities like lemurs [25, 26], bats [27–29], and birds , or on parasite-host and vectors of human diseases [31–34]. An enormous amount of genetic research has also focused on amphibians in Madagascar. Although the majority of these focused on DNA barcoding, phylogenetics and species delimitation, several in-depth studies have assessed the population-level genetic variation of amphibian species (e.g., [35–42]). Because amphibians–especially small-sized species–have a limited dispersal capacity compared to other groups of terrestrial vertebrates, and due to their usually biphasic lifestyle often having specific requirements of both aquatic and terrestrial habitats, they constitute a suitable model group for studies on the comparative influence of adaptive versus non-adaptive processes of species formation .
We used this large SNPs resource to develop a low-density SNP array containing 192 SNPs. The goal was to propose a cost-effective tool which holds on two 96-wells genotyping plates for analyzing a large number of individuals. Moreover, SNPs were selected to be informative for population genetics analyses of brown trout populations from at least the AT and ME lineages (sensu Bernatchez ) from Western Europe. The array was genotyped using the KASPAR technology® that allows a rapid and cost-effective genotyping service for such a number of markers. We hence applied further filters to fulfill KASPAR genotyping constraints. In particular, RADs with more than one SNP between the primer designing zones (50 bp at the two extremities) were excluded. To ensure a good representativeness of the genome, we selected SNPs evenly spread and spaced by at least 3.5 cM across the 1453 cM estimated length of the S. trutta linkage map . This resulted in 245 SNPs (average 1453/245 = 5.9 cM) among which, in order to retain 182 SNPs, we randomly removed 63 SNPs using the sample() R function. Then, we added five ancestry informative SNPs developed by the Institut National de Recherche en Agronomie and the University of Savoie (UMR-0042 CARRTEL, France) that were used in previous studies to distinguish individuals from the AT and ME lineages (OMM1164, OMM1105, OMM1154, Str541INRA, Str591INRA; [29, 87–89]).Finally, we added five mitochondrial SNPs previously used to differentiate among the five main brown trout lineages (mitoDA10Proline, mitoDA10ProlineB, mitoCytoB, mitoATPaseIVA, mitoATPaseIVB; [89, 90]; Additional file 1: S1). These numbers of five ancestry informative nuclear or mtDNA markers were chosen to represent approx. 5% of the markers present on the SNP array. This resulted in a low-density array of 192 SNPs markers. Information and sequences are available on Figshare, DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.8174708
Senile cataract and glaucoma are common diseases, the incidence of which increases steeply past the age of 60 years12. Both of the diseases are the major causes of blindness worldwide, cataract being the leading one3. Among Swedes older than 39 years of age, 9.0% were diagnosed with cataract and 2.8% with glaucoma during a period of 11 years4. Senile cataract is defined as the opacity of the lens of the eye or its capsule, with no obvious cause, occurring in people over the age of 50 years5. The opacity is due to protein aggregates that are formed for unknown reasons. Protein aggregates may be located in various parts of the lens structure, which constitute the types of cataract: nuclear, cortical and posterior subcapsular6. The nuclear type is the most common one but in many patients mixed types are found1. There are some risk factors that facilitate the age dependent opacification, including family history, diabetes, smoking and solar exposure16. The composition of the lens opacity is not known but structural modifications of crystallins (the proteins maintaining the transparency of the lens) are suspected to be involved and catalyzed by oxidative stress78. Glaucoma is a type of optic neuropathy characterized by indented appearance of the optic nerve, referred to as optic nerve cupping9. The cupping is a sign of damage to the optic nerve, which is often related to increased intraocular pressure. The cause of the elevated pressure may result from obstruction of the humoral drainage through the trabecular meshwork in the iridocorneal angle5. The main type of glaucoma is primary open-angle glaucoma in which the iridocorneal angle appears to be open as normal but the aqueous outflow may be obstructed; in the angle-closure glaucoma, however the drainage is usually blocked by the iris10.
本研究回顾性分析了从2018年2月-2020年8月连续198例在南京市胸科医院胸外科行单孔胸腔镜肺段切除术患者的临床资料，这些患者采用改良膨胀萎陷法或荧光法确定段间交界线。纳入标准：①根据美国国家综合癌症网络（National Comprehensive Cancer Network, NCCN）指南，肺结节符合肺段切除术的指征；②心肺功能检查正常；③术前与患者沟通单孔胸腔镜肺段切除术的的手术风险和益处后，获得知情同意。排除标准：①严重的胸膜粘连；②有碘剂或ICG过敏史；③肺部多发结节且不在同一肺段内。本研究经医院伦理委员会批准（批准号：2020-KY093-01）。
The extent of fibrotic areas was carried out on Masson's trichrome stained slides at final magnification of x100–200. For stereological determination, randomly sampled areas of lungs were analyzed using stereology grid-counting techniques to quantify areas of fibrotic disease.
It has been shown that comparing sequences from a selection round where there is no further enrichment with sequences from the unpanned library should give a clear change in binding pattern (Christiansen et al. 2015). Thus, pools of phages from panning round three for each time point were selected for further in silico characterisation. The DNA inserts were amplified by PCR, gel purified and sequenced. The data were received as 2 × 75-bp paired-end reads for each DNA fragment. The sequences were mapped to the ORFs of each of the AHSV-4 genome segments. Approximately 70% of the sequences mapped to the genome. The other 30% was either low quality or from untargeted sources and not taken into account.
During study visits, caregivers were also asked to assess whether their child had improved, remained unchanged, or worsened over the last six months on a five-point Likert scale (Much Improved, Improved, Unchanged, Worse, and Much Worse), and indicate what was the main reason for their impression. In contrast to the top caregiver concern comparisons outlined above, for this analysis we did not restrict to only the baseline visit data but instead used the entire data set including repeated visits. We evaluated the responses for all visits for all participants by comparing the caregiver reasons for any Improvement (Much Improved or Improved) or any Worsening (Much Worse or Worse) and calculated the percentage of responses of caregiver reasons for Classic RTT, MDS, CDD, and FS. We also looked at percentage of Number 1 caregiver concerns (First Concern, unweighted) for each of these caregiver impression categories and disease categories.
Water, alkaline solution, and enzyme are often used to extract the polysaccharide, so these three extraction methods were compared in the crude polysaccharide extraction from C. rivularis. The results indicated that the KOH solution had the highest extraction rate (90.14%), which means KOH can destroy the protein moiety associated with glycogen and increase the breaking of the N‐ and O‐connected bonds.
1. Распространенность эндокринных нарушений после перенесенного комбинированного лечения злокачественных опухолей головного мозга в детском и молодом возрасте крайне высока, что требует обязательного участия эндокринолога в пожизненном наблюдении за данными пациентами.
The spectral selection of a single harmonics is performed by an off-plane-mount (OPM) grating monochromator. Differently from the classical diffraction, where the grating grooves (gr) are perpendicular to the incident plane, in the off-plane geometry the incident plane is almost parallel to the grooves. The main advantage of such a configuration is the capability to mitigate the EUV pulse-front tilt after diffraction, thereby providing a lower temporal broadening of the monochromatized pulses.42 Furthermore, the off-plane mount provides much higher EUV efficiency compared to the classical one.43
Completeness of birth registration and mean time from birth to registration were calculated overall and by HDSS site for babies who died before the 28th day after birth (neonatal deaths) and those surviving the neonatal period separately. As specific questions regarding stillbirth registration were not asked, babies who were stillborn (stillbirths) were classified as registered if the mother reported that the baby was registered through either the birth or the death registration questions.
Nachdem erst nur Fallberichte und kleine Kohortenstudien veröffentlicht worden waren, die den erfolgreichen Einsatz einer IL-1-Blockade bei Patienten mit unzureichendem Ansprechen auf Kolchizin beschrieben, gab es dann zunehmend auch randomisierte kontrollierte Studien zum Einsatz der IL-1-Antagonisten Rilonacept , Anakinra und zuletzt Canakinumab bei Patienten mit hoher Krankheitsaktivität eines FMF trotz adäquat dosierter Kolchizin-Therapie.
Os dados dos artigos incluídos foram extraídos em uma planilha elaborada especificamente para esse fim, que incluía: ano de publicação; local; tipo de publicação; nome dos autores; tipo de delineamento; objetivo do estudo; participantes; método de coleta de dados; principais achados; e prevalência de violência sexual.
In general, FHA domains bind to the protein sequences containing at least one pThr; however, each FHA member has a dissimilar preference for other residues surrounding the pThr. FHA domains can identify various sequences by using the analogous structural fold. This situation could be attributed to backbone atoms holding the overall homology, whereas sidechains define the binding surface toward a specific target. The steady interactions between 11 β strands are principally organized by a mainchain; thus, less mobility has been observed on the secondary β sheets. In contrast, the significant dynamics of the sidechain serves to accommodate the loop interface, so the optimal binding affinity can be maintained. As well, the sidechains at the FHA binding interface are more flexible than for other signaling domains such as the BRCT and WW domains, although the rigidity of the recognition site has been conventionally viewed as a common feature of the modular domain. Our data from entropy analysis provides additional insights into the comparison between the FHA and BRCT domain regarding the stability and flexibility of the binding site. Study of four BRCA1-BRCT complexes suggested small perturbations in both the conserved pSer-binding pocket and essential hydrophobic groove of the Phe clamp . This entropic penalty constrains the motion of a flexible molecule, and the pre-aligned conformation might result in restricted peptide diversity, which explains why library screening could be easier for searching for potential binding targets of BRCT-containing protein. For other module domains such as SH2 and PDZ, as mentioned above, only one to three loops involve binding. Despite the plasticity of the binding loop, well-organized secondary structures, α helix and β strand, still limit possible recognition modes. Therefore, loop flexibility and networks increase the promiscuity of the FHA domain.
The species is widespread in both the plains and the mountains. The larva develops for three years in dead wood, mainly in stumps and their roots, and reaches up to 70mm in size. The adult appears in the summer in broadleaves and mixed forests, and also rarely in conifers. It flies at dusk and during the night. It is a species with a declining population (Hůrka 2005, Pesarini and Sabbadini 1994).
Lee et al. et Chick et al. ont été les premiers à décrire les tumeurs fibreuses solitaires (TFS) au niveau de la plèvre avec une incidence de 2.8 pour 100000 et représentent moins de 2% des tumeurs des tissus mous [1, 2]. Ce sont des tumeurs mésenchymateuses ubiquitaires développées à partir des fibroblastes présents dans le tissu conjonctif sous mésothelial (tumeur myofibroblastiques) décrites dans des sites varies: le rein, le foie, le pancréas le médiastin, l´orbite, la glande thyroïde et la cavité nasale, elles sont bénignes ou de faible malignité et pouvant récidiver [3, 4]. Il a été rapporté que 16% des TFS sont de localisations pelviennes, l´atteinte prostatique est très rare avec moins de 30 cas rapportés dans la littérature chez des patients dont l´âge varie entre 21 et 75 ans [5, 6].
Gerade für die Kammerwinkelbeurteilung ergibt sich ein relativ hohes Maß an Unsicherheit – unter Weiterbildungsassistenten gestehen dies immerhin 38 % offen ein. Die Sicherheit und Unsicherheit der Gonioskopie sind auch im Zusammenhang zu betrachten mit der Häufigkeit der praktizierten Untersuchung des Kammerwinkels (Abb. 4).
A pressão arterial foi aferida em todos os pacientes no dia de aplicação do protocolo, usando como base as recomendações da VII Diretriz Brasileira de Hipertensão Arterial.23 Utilizamos a média das medidas válidas dos seguintes parâmetros centrais: velocidade da onda de pulso (VOP), augmentation index (Alx), índice de amplificação da pressão de pulso (iAPP), pressão de pulso central (PPc), e os correlacionamos aos dados da composição corporal.
Sampling: we determined a sample size of 332 currently married women aged 15-49 years using a two population proportion formula. We considered a similar study conducted in Tigray region in Northern Ethiopia and used women who had less than two pregnancies as the main predictor of not utilizing LAPCMs . The prevalence of women who had less than two pregnancies was 59.9% for women who were not utilizing LAPCMs and we assumed 95% confidence level, 80% power and case to control ratio was 1:1 for 151 cases and 151 controls, and adding 10% non-response rate. A total of 328 participants were finally recruited for the study. Out of the district's 50 kebeles, we selected 13 randomly. First, we reviewed and then listed women of reproductive age from registration books in each kebele. Women of reproductive age were divided into women who were using contraceptive methods other than LAPCMs and women who were not using contraceptive methods and categorized as cases. Those women who have been using LAPCMs during or any time before were taken to be controls. Study participants were selected by simple random sampling with proportional allocation to the population size.
The Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) applied to the field of health is increasingly essential in the development of interactive systems for medical professionals and patients . The work of medical professionals (doctors, psychologists, etc.) can be simplified by the continuous use of technology to obtain information in real time from patients. Patients can be supported by technology during their treatment or recovery process, both in the diagnosis and treatment phases, and in the case of having successfully overcome the disease. Providing patients with these applications can be beneficial for them as they are more pleasant, or at least not as monotonous, in their treatment of the disease. In addition, one can motivate them to complete their daily tasks and their treatment such as daily activities and medication. One of the main objectives is to improve the monitoring of patients with the aim of also improving the quality of life of people. For this purpose, the HCI discipline contributes to the design of usable interfaces that improve the record of their evolution.
(A) Quantitative RT-PCR of AML1 transcripts in CML cell lines infected with shRNA viruses for luciferase (control) and AML1 (shRNA-AML1–1 and shRNA-AML1–2). Two different viruses were used for AML1 silencing and effectively silenced AML1 expression. Results are normalized on the basis of β-actin transcript levels, and are presented as relative values to those of the control. (B) Growth curves of MegA2, MegO1 and Nalm1 cell lines infected with shRNA viruses for luciferase and AML1. Viable cells were counted every other day with the use of trypan blue.
NELF release is a hallmark of the transition from promoter-proximal pausing to transcription elongation. As we found eRNA-driven NELF release in vitro to resemble pause release in vivo (Fig. 2), and as we observed eRNA-NELF interactions in vivo (Fig. 5), we next asked whether eRNAs indeed trigger a more efficient release of Pol II from the paused state. To address this question, we established a mammalian in vitro pause release assay (see Methods)30,32,48 (Fig. 6a). Before examining the effect of eRNAs, we verified that we indeed observe pause stabilization through the presence of both DSIF and NELF using our assay setup (Supplementary Fig. 10a). As expected, by adding Nr4a1-(a) or Arc eRNA fragments we observed a more efficient release of Pol II from the paused state (Fig. 6b and Supplementary Fig. 10b, upper gel). In striking similarity to our EMSA results (Fig. 2b, c), this effect was critically dependent on eRNA length and less so on the “structuredness” of the tested eRNA (Supplementary Fig. 10b, lower gel). Only Nr4a1-(a) eRNA variants with a length of 100 nt or exceeding this length showed increased Pol II pause release. We note that the second observed pause site at ~40–45 nt is a NELF-independent intrinsic pausing site that is caused by our experimental assay system. Next, we measured eRNA-induced Pol II pause release using a PEC variant that comprised the NELF-C patch mutant and utilizing both Arc and Nr4a1-(a) and -(b) eRNAs. As shown in Fig. 6c and Supplementary Fig. 10c, we observed hardly any Pol II pause release with this NELF mutant using Arc eRNA (1–50) or (1–100) and substantially diminished rates of release using longer eRNA variants. This is, again, in good agreement with our EMSA data (Fig. 3b and Supplementary Fig. 3b). We note here that the NELF-C patch mutant leads to an overall increase in Pol II pause stabilization (compare quantification in Fig. 6b, c). When using the NELF double mutant (both lacking the NELF-E RRM domain and comprising the NELF-C patch mutants, see Fig. 3c–e), we found Pol II pause release rates similar to those for the NELF-C patch mutant (Fig. 6d and Supplementary Fig. 10d). Taken together, our in vitro data on Pol II pause release confirm our prior findings and they further establish that, indeed, eRNAs of sufficient length are able to release Pol II from its paused state by stimulating NELF release. We note that the eRNA-induced increase in Pol II pause release efficiency was not as dramatic as the highly efficient release of NELF following eRNA addition in our EMSA assays (Fig. 2). This is likely due to the active engagement of Pol II in transcription with its active site in a tilted confirmation due to NELF and DSIF binding, as shown before30. Thus, jump-starting transcription after eRNA addition may be less efficient under our in vitro transcription assay conditions as compared to our EMSA setup (Figs. 2, 3). Moreover, our assay system is not able to recapitulate P-TEFb phosphorylation35,49, which may also hinder the efficient resumption of transcription elongation in vitro.Fig. 6eRNAs facilitate pause release in a length-dependent manner.a Schematic of the mammalian pause release assay (top) and the utilized nucleic acid scaffold (bottom). Briefly, a transcription-competent complex that consists of Pol II and a transcription bubble, comprising a template (T-), non-template (NT-) DNA strand a nascent RNA, is assembled (see Fig. 2a). As the DNA contains a 4 nt long G-less cassette succeeded by three Gs (in the non-template strand), pausing can be induced by GTP omission. DSIF and NELF are then added to reconstitute the PEC and to stabilize the pause. The PEC is then isolated by binding the biotinylated DNA non-template strand to magnetic streptavidin-coated beads. Next, eRNAs are added, the supernatant (SN) is removed, and transcription is allowed to resume by the addition of NTPs. b Pause release assay using wild-type NELF and Nr4a1-(a) eRNA fragments (1–50 and 1–200). The left panel shows the urea PAGE analysis for the Nr4a1-(a) 1–50 and 1–200 fragments. Urea PAGE gels for Nr4a1-(a) eRNA (1–100) and two Nr4a1-(a) mutants (102 nt - Δloop 12 mutant; 170 nt - Δloop 1 mutant) are shown in Supplementary Fig. 5b. Samples for all experiments were taken just before NTP addition (0 min) and at different time points after NTP addition (1, 3, 6, 14, and 25 min). The “input” sample contains the PEC sample before its affinity purification using the streptavidin-coated beads. Thus, it allows for the visualization of unbound nascent RNA. For the quantification of pause release efficiency (shown on the right) the intensity of the first transcript elongation band past the pause (boxed in red) was analyzed. c Pause release assay using the NELF patch C mutant and Arc eRNA (1–55, 1–100, and 1–200). The left panel depicts the urea PAGE analysis for the Arc eRNA fragment (1–55), (1–100), and (1–200). Additional data for Nr4a1-(a) and Nr4a1-(b) 1–200 are shown in Supplementary Fig. 5c. The right panel shows the quantification of all experiments, as described for (b). d Pause release assay using the NELF double mutant. Performed under the same conditions as described in (c). Source data for (b–d) are provided in a Source Data file.
Auf den ersten Blick sind Bewegungs- und Sportaktivitäten eng mit der Entwicklung motorischer Fähigkeiten und Fertigkeiten verbunden. Die motorische Leistungsfähigkeit gilt als wichtiger Marker für die Gesundheit von Heranwachsenden (Klemm 2021). Auf den zweiten Blick rücken zahlreiche weitere Aspekte in den Fokus, wenn die Bedeutung von Bewegung, Spiel und Sport für ein gesundes Aufwachsen diskutiert wird: Leistungsbereitschaft, Selbstkonzept und Kooperationsfähigkeit zum Beispiel oder auch Bewegungsfreude, Anerkennung und Freundschaft (Abb. 2). Tatsächlich scheint das Spektrum der Bewegungsbedeutungen deutlich größer zu sein, als es der Spiegel-Artikel mit seinen „lebenslangen körperlichen Folgen“ suggeriert. In einem Kommentar für das Forum Kinder- und Jugendsport hat Martin Schönwandt die Engführung der Diskussion in Bezug auf die WHO-Empfehlungen zur täglichen Bewegungszeit von Kindern und Jugendlichen (60 min täglich) kritisiert: Das Erleben junger Menschen lässt sich „nicht nur in Zahlen ausdrücken […], sondern auch in Interaktion, Partizipation, Natur- und Körpererleben, Begeisterung, Freundschaften und vielem mehr“ (Schönwandt 2021, S. 97).
5) Would the rebound excitation phase exist if a rat-sized TMS coil were used to stimulate the motor cortex rather than the human-sized coil used in this work? Please elaborate. This is not so much a criticism as it is a direction for further research (perhaps to be mentioned in the Discussion).
O desenvolvimento puberal foi estabelecido com a triagem clínica e foram avaliadas as medidas antropométricas (estatura, massa corporal, IMC e composição corporal). A ultrassonografia (US) foi feita e a amostra de sangue foi colhida e analisada para o perfil metabólico. Para excluir influências de variações diurnas, os procedimentos foram programados para o mesmo horário do dia para todos os indivíduos, às 8h, após um jejum noturno.
Bayesian inference analysis showing the distribution of panarthropod Dally and Dlp (a) and Smoothened, secreted Frizzled-Related Proteins, and Netrin (b). Genes investigated in this study are highlighted with asterisks (*). Posterior probabilities > 0.5 are indicated. See text for further information. Species abbreviations: Dm, Drosophila melanogaster (Hexapoda: Diptera); Ek, Euperipatoides kanangrensis (Onychophora); Gm, Glomeris marginata (Myriapoda: Diplopoda); Mm, Mus musculus (Vertebrata); Pc, Priapulus caudatus (Priapulida); Pt, Parasteatoda tepidariorum (Chelicerata: Araneae); Sm, Stegodyphus mimosarum (Chelicerata: Araneae); Tc, Tribolium castaneum (Hexapoda: Coleoptera)
Three measurement items of expected pride, developed by Turban et al., was to assess job seeker’s expected pride from future organizational membership . An example item is "I would be proud to identify myself personally with this firm." The Cronbach’s α was 0.911.
Pulmonary hypertension, i.e. increased pulmonary arterial pressure usually occurs in end-stage fibrotic cases. The severity of pulmonary hypertension is often out of proportion to pulmonary function impairement, which implies the role of alternative mechanisms including specific involvement of small lung vessels by sarcoidosis . Pulmonary hypertension is a strong predictive indicator of mortality.
К каротиноидам относятся пигменты – каротины и ксантофиллы. Химически они представляют собой изо- преноидные углеводороды, содержащие 40 углеродных атомов (Кретович, 1986). Биосинтез каротиноидов тща- тельно исследован на различных растениях – арабидоп- сисе, рисе, кукурузе, перце, томатах, апельсине и других культурах (Colasuonno et al., 2017a; Rodrigues-Concepcion et al., 2018; Sun et al., 2018).
In the revisions we measured several molecular markers of megakaryopoiesis to further characterize the affected steps in megakaryocyte differentiation in bipotent MK–erythroid precursors (PreMegEs) and downstream unipotent MK-progenitors (MkPs). We incorporated these new data into the work in Figure 2 C,D and Results: “To gain insight into the impact of miR-142 nullification on early MK development, we performed a high–resolution flow cytometry assay for the characterization of myeloerythroid progenitors (Pronk and Bryder, 2011; Pronk et al., 2007)… Intriguingly, the expression levels of regulatory markers of MK development […namely Gata1 Gata2, Zfpm1, Klf1, Spi1, Fli1, Runx1, Tal1] remained largely unchanged in miR-142–/– PreMegEs and MkPs, relative to WT controls (Figure 2C,D).”
Figure 5 shows the photos describing a typical cracking behavior of the steel-slag concretes: the failure crack propagated across the steel-slag particles (coarse aggregate), and this may be attributed to the lower strength of coarse aggregate (e.g., steel-slag) in comparison with the mixture strength. The lower strength here of the coarse aggregate can be explained by the honeycomb microstructure of the steel-slag aggregate. The cracking feature observed in steel-slag concrete was similar to that of in high strength concrete using a natural coarse aggregate , as illustrated in Figure 6.
A partir de 2007, a condição de encarceramento passou a constar na ficha de notificação dos casos de TB no Brasil. Foram acessados os dados dos livros de registro das unidades de análise 1 e 2, do caso 1, e os dados do SINAN relativos ao conjunto de todas as UP de cada estado. No caso 2, os registros eram centralizados no hospital penal e não havia um consolidado do monitoramento dos casos nas UP.
Um autor realizou a busca inicial e introduziu todos os artigos recuperados na plataforma Rayyan (https://rayyan.qcri.org), onde foi conduzida identificação e remoção das duplicatas interbases de dados. Dois autores (GS e SAM), de forma independente, revisaram os artigos disponíveis pelos títulos e resumos. Os resultados foram comparados e as inconsistências foram discutidas até se alcançar um consenso. Caso não se chegasse ao consenso, um terceiro autor (AHNR) definiria a elegibilidade do estudo. Terminada essa fase, os mesmos autores avaliaram os textos completos dos artigos remanescentes.
Fiducial point detection was performed on the ECG signal, where R waves were identified and classified as sinus rhythm or abnormal beats. A RR interval time series analysis and classification procedure was used to exclude premature-ventricular contractions and non-sinus rhythm disturbances. Additionally, we applied an outlier detection on beats that would generate too large energies, possibly due to involuntary movement of the subject such as coughing or deglutition or movements of the extremities. When the integral of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${K}^{SCG}$$\end{document}KSCG or \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${K}^{BCG}$$\end{document}KBCG of a heartbeat was higher than 5 times the median of the respective kinetic energy of the 5 previous beats, the heartbeat was classified as abnormal. 2409 beats were affected on a total of 30091 beats. Thus 8% of heartbeats were excluded from the analysis. Ensemble averaging (EA) of signals KLin, PLin, KRot and PRot was performed on all normal beats.
本研究中，两组间患者总体3年及5年生存率均无统计学差异（P > 0.05），提示系统性淋巴结清扫并未给患者带来更多的生存获益，多因素分析提示清扫方式并不是影响生存率的重要因素（P > 0.05）。将肿瘤直径作为分层依据，结果表明不同直径肿瘤两种清扫方式的5年生存率无统计学差异（P > 0.05），进一步提示两种清扫方式对患者生存率的影响并无明显差异。有研究对临床Ⅰa期和病理T1患者的淋巴结清扫方式进行了对比分析，结果显示：两组的总生存率和无病生存率无明显差异，对于早期N0患者，系统性淋巴结清扫未能使患者有更多生存获益，而系统性淋巴结采样可以达到与系统性淋巴结清扫相同的长期生存率。同时，该研究还发现，肿瘤直径≤2 cm者和肿瘤直径 > 2 cm-≤3 cm者的预后存在差异：肿瘤直径≤2 cm者，两组的5年总生存率和无病生存率相似；肿瘤直径 > 2 cm-≤3 cm者，系统性淋巴结清扫组的5年总生存率和年无病生存率分别为81.6%和77.9%，而系统性淋巴结采样组分别为55.8%和52.5%。作者因此建议，对临床Ⅰ期肺癌，可由术中病理测量肿瘤直径，再采用不同的淋巴结清扫方式，即细化T1a和T1b区别对待的策略。
Arboviruses are a large group of RNA viruses that are transmitted between vertebrate hosts by arthropod vectors, primarily mosquitoes. Several arboviruses including members of alphavirus and flavivirus genera are important human pathogens causing severe arthritis, encephalitis, and hemorrhagic fever. Arboviruses are distributed globally, but individual virus species tend to have a focused geographic range. In the recent past, some viruses have expanded globally, and have caused more frequent and larger epidemics. For example, a strain of Chikungunya virus (an alphavirus) endemic to Africa caused an epidemic outbreak in the Indian sub-continent and the Indian Ocean islands leading to more than a million cases of disease and hundreds of death ,. Similarly West Nile virus (a flavivirus) originally isolated from Uganda has caused about 100,000 cases of neuroinvasive disease and numerous deaths in North and South America . The periodic nature of the infections along with increasing morbidity and mortality in several parts of the world poses a persistent public health risk ,. Restriction of arbovirus transmission may be accomplished by vector control, vaccination, and/or antiviral treatment. However, currently there are few vaccines and no effective antiviral therapies available, nor are there efficient and safe means of vector control, underscoring the need to understand how arboviruses interact with vertebrate and arthropod hosts.
In peach flesh, a fluorescent symplastic tracer [6(5)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate, CFDA] remained restricted to phloem strands during either stage I or at the beginning of stage III when the flesh was rapidly expanding, indicating a symplastic discontinuity between veins and parenchyma cells and suggesting that the apoplastic route predominates at these times (Zanon et al., 2015b).
普遍认为m6A修饰的升高可以抑制癌症的恶性进展。前期大量研究聚焦于FTO抑制剂的开发，然而，亦可以通过激活METTL3甲基转移酶的活性来提高m6A水平。Selberg等基于METTL3/METTL14复合物晶体结构进行了虚拟筛选，发现4个小分子化合物能够与METTL3/METTL14复合物结合并激活甲基转移酶活性，这些小分子化合物能够在细胞水平发挥作用，导致mRNA和rRNA的整体m6A水平升高。但是，当使用高浓度（10 μmol/L）小分子化合物处理细胞时，胞内整体m6A修饰水平反而降低，我们推测这是细胞为了维持稳态而进行的负反馈调节。在非小细胞肺癌细胞株中METTL3普遍高表达，能够促进非小细胞肺癌的增殖和转移[42, 43]。随后Liu等分析了大量的肺腺癌和肺鳞癌临床样本中m6A相关基因的表达情况，结果表明在肺腺癌和肺鳞癌中METTL3的表达显著上调，并且高表达METTL3的非小细胞肺癌患者表现出较好的预后[58, 59, 71]。综合临床数据来看，METTL3在非小细胞肺癌中的高表达能够延长患者的生存期。因此，METTL3-14/WTAP激活剂对非小细胞肺癌的治疗有着充分的理论可行性，相信后续的生物活性实验及临床实验会进一步开展起来。
Comparison revealed no statistical significant relation between high and low BCL2L12 gene expression in AML patients regarding demographic and clinical data: age (P value:0.45), hepatomegaly (P value: 0.66) and splenomegaly (P value: 0.73) and lymphadenopathy (P value: 0.65).
Visualization of the weaker neurodynamic pattern in adolescent with HFA (in the post‐task resting state). Visualization of the two RSNs, salience executive in blue and ventral attention in orange, where the causal dynamics is weaker in HFA for the second (post‐task) resting‐state scan, in the direction from ventral attention to salience executive. The scheme above shows the different cortices involved in these two networks and the overlapping areas. Solid lines and dashed lines describe direct cortico‐cortical physical link and indirect connections (through white matter and/or basal ganglia), respectively. The pars opercularis is a part of the ventrolateral PFC which is shown with the double line. On the bottom part, anatomical visualization of the two abovementioned RSNs (from group IC contrast maps) are displayed (threshold at z > 2.6, i.e., p < .01). BA, Brodmann area; PFC, prefrontal cortex
Na tabela 2 encontra-se a análise de associação entre a baixa duração do sono e as variáveis independentes. Observou-se, na análise ajustada, que a variável faixa etária esteve fortemente associada ao desfecho. Dessa forma, os adolescentes da faixa de 15-16 e 17-19 apresentaram, respectivamente, 1,71 (IC95% 1,09-2,69) e 2,05 (IC95% 1,20-3,50) vezes maior prevalência de baixa duração de sono, em relação à faixa de 10-12 anos.
HEK-Blue hTLR4 cells were cultured in DMEM high-glucose medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 2 mM glutamine, 1X Normocin™ (InvivoGen), and 1X HEK-Blue™ Selection (InvivoGen). 1.106 cells were cultured 20 minutes at 4 °C with sucrose (1 mg) and different concentrations of ENO1 (25 μg, 500 μg or 2 mg). 55 μg of FITC-labelled LPS (Sigma Aldrich) and 10 μl of APC-labeled anti-TLR4 antibody (AbD Serotec) were added for 20 minutes at 4 °C. After two washes with PBS, cells were suspended in PBS (500 μL). Analysis of FITC and APC level was performed using a flow cytometer (Canto).
Our data demonstrate that wild type P. furiosus is most likely unable to use chitin as a main carbon source due to a one nucleotide insertion which splits the chitinase into two separate enzymes. In contrast, a genetically engineered strain with the deleted nucleotide is able to grow on chitin. The overall high sequence identity of the two chitinases between P. furiosus and T. kodakarensis indicates that this mutation occurred very recently or there is still some kind of selection pressure for a functional enzyme using programmed +/−1 frameshifting . As the later one resulted in a very low expression level of the chitinase, we conclude that P. furiosus does not rely on chitin as a major carbon source in the natural biotope.
The probability analysis was conducted on the four geometrical configurations of Section 2.2. The characteristic values of μ and σ, together with the probability distribution curve were also added in Figure 8. Considering the mean value μ, it could be concluded that worst scenario case, in terms of stress concentration, is represented by the cruciform joint under the tensile stress, followed by the T-shape joint under the bending stress, the cruciform joint under the bending stress, and lastly by the T-shape joint under the tensile stress. Moreover, the calculated mean values of the SCFs using the measured geometrical parameters were quite different from those assessed by the weld parameters generated randomly. This result indicated that it is crucial to assess the stress concentration based on the real welding conditions.
Concernant les facteurs liés à l'HTA, nous n'avons pas retrouvé de relation entre le contrôle tensionnel et le niveau d'observance, tout comme Adoubi et al en Côte d'Ivoire . Pourtant, cette relation a été établie dans certaines études [12, 13, 23], mettant en exergue le fait que les non répondants au traitement ne sont pas toujours des non observants . Nous n'avons pas retrouvé dans ce travail, une relation entre le niveau d'observance et la présence d'une co-morbidité. Pour certains auteurs , la présence d'un diabète sucré ou d'une dyslipidémie améliorait l'observance; alors qu'inversement, la dépression était associée à une mauvaise observance.
Our study suggests that the use of an educational video could help women make informed choices about aneuploidy screening. In previous studies, poor knowledge was often cited as a reason for uninformed choice. 23 , 36 Women in the intervention group had higher knowledge scores compared with control, suggesting that improving knowledge may be a possible mechanism for improving informed choice. The findings from this study are particularly clinically relevant as NIPS increasingly becomes offered as a first‐line screening test among low‐risk women.
Alle identifizierten Keywords wurden zunächst qualitativ untersucht und durch ein induktives Vorgehen wurden 10 verschiedene Interessenschwerpunkte identifiziert: (1) Allgemein (z. B. „Neurodermitis“), (2) Differenzialdiagnose (z. B. „Ist Neurodermitis Schuppenflechte?“), (3) Einflussfaktor (z. B. „Atopisches Ekzem Schwangerschaft“), (4) Information (z. B. „Hilfe bei Neurodermitis“), (5) Lebensabschnitt (z. B. „Atopisches Ekzem Baby“), (6) Lokalisation (z. B. „Neurodermitis Gesicht“), (7) Pflege (z. B. „Handcreme bei Neurodermitis“), (8) Symptom (z. B. „Neurodermitis Juckreiz“), (9) Therapie (z. B. „Neurodermitis Behandlung“) und (10) Verträglichkeit (z. B. „Neurodermitis Kosmetik“). Die Kategorie Therapie wurde zudem in weitere Unterkategorien wie beispielsweise: (a) Allgemein (z. B. „Atopische Dermatitis Medikamente“), (b) Biologika (z. B. „Biologicals Neurodermitis“), (c) Cortison (z. B. „Cortisonsalbe bei Neurodermitis“), (d) Hausmittel (z. B. „Hausmittel Neurodermitis Gesicht“), (e) Lichttherapie (z. B. „Phototherapie Neurodermitis“), (f) Marken/Produkte, (g) Naturheilkunde (z. B. „Neurodermitis Naturheilmittel“) und (h) neue Therapien (z. B. „Neurodermitis neue Behandlung“) gegliedert. Suchbegriffe wurden mehreren Kategorien zugeordnet, sofern sie mehrere Kriterien erfüllten.
STAT1 and STAT2 are transcription factors which mediate type I and III interferon signalling via the JAK-STAT pathway; as such they play essential roles in the adaptive immune response (44). STAT1 and STAT2 mRNA expression ( Figures 4A , B , respectively) was significantly increased in placentae from UV births compared with LLSCS for female-bearing (pSTAT1 < 0.0001; pSTAT2 < 0.0001) pregnancies only, as well as from LLSCS births compared with PLSCS for both female- (p < 0.0001) and male-bearing (p < 0.0001) pregnancies and from UV births compared with PLSCS for both female- (p < 0.0001) and male-bearing (p < 0.0001) pregnancies.
Due to a limited amount of missing data, a sensitivity analysis based on the missingness mechanism was judged nonrelevant. All analyses were conducted in both the full analysis set (FAS), which was defined as all enrolled infants who had at least one serving of the test infant formula, and the per protocol (PP) set, which was defined as the set of compliant subjects. Non-compliance included (i) violating inclusion/exclusion criteria; (ii) changing regimen due to a life-threatening event; and (iii) consuming complementary foods before four months of age, defined as taking four or more teaspoons (i.e., 20 g) of complementary foods per day. The PP set is considered the appropriate analysis population for non-inferiority testing , and therefore, the PP results are reported here. Results for the primary outcome (WAZ at the age of four months) are reported from both the PP and FAS sets.
This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Dialysis Unit of the Nephrology Department at Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College. Respective approvals were obtained from the Research and Ethics Committees of the Institute. The study was conducted from July 2017 till January 2018. After obtaining informed consent we enrolled one hundred and eleven patients with creatinine clearance value < 15 ml/min/1.73m2 of either sex above 12 years of age. Demographic data, history of illness and detailed physical examination were recorded. Consent, privacy and confidentiality was maintained for all patients as per the Helsinki Declaration. Patients were receiving maintenance hemodialysis at once, twice or in thrice weekly sessions for at least the last three months and taking Vitamin D, Calcium Supplements to control calcium levels, either CaCO3 or CaAc as phosphate binders to control hyperphosphatemia and One-alpha-hydroxy-cholecalciferol for PTH regulation. Patients suffering from granulomatous diseases, acute renal failure, on peritoneal dialysis, and having pervious Para thyroidectomy were excluded from the study. Five ml pre-dialysis blood was drawn in Li-heparin tubes and plasma separated by centrifugation at 5000rpm. Plasma levels of Calcium, inorganic phosphate and albumin were assayed by using 3rd generation kits from Roche Diagnostics (Roche Diagnostics, Basil) on chemistry auto-analyzer Cobas c501 (Roche Diagnostics, Basil). Calcium was estimated by NM-BAPTA method whereas inorganic phosphate and Albumin were estimated by Phospho-Molybdate and Bromocresol green methods , respectively. Additionally, intact PTH was determined by second-generation iPTH assay by electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sandwich method on Immunoassay analyzer Cobas e411 (Cobas, Roche Diagnostic, Basil) . CV for all biochemical parameters and PTH were within 2-5%. All patients clinically labelled as having ESRD met the inclusion criteria for the study. Patients having active tuberculosis or related granulomatous diseases, carcinoma, endocrine disorders involving the thyroid and parathyroid gland were excluded from the study. Since it was not a primary objective of this study to identify or investigate medication compliance/adherence we reported them as observational findings. Medication compliance/adherence for vitamin D, calcium supplements was defined as being present in those ESRD patients who presently admitted fully resorting to their prescribed dosages since initiation of hemodialysis. K/DOQI 2005: serum calcium between 8.4 and 9.5mg/dL, phosphorus concentration between 3.5 and 5.5mg/dL, phosphocalcium product <55mg2/dL2, intact parathyroid hormone between 150 and 300pg/ml .
Participants with nonuniversity degree had significantly higher Framingham score compared to participants with university education at baseline. However, significant beneficial changes in total Framingham risk score were noted in both nonuniversity and university, as well as low and high SEA of residence participants over 1 year. Our results are in line with other previous studies concluding that education level is no obstacle for achieving changes in cardiovascular risk in lifestyle intervention programs.15 For participants with previous CVD, a significant reduction was observed in the nonuniversity degree group. In EUROSPIRE IV, a cross-sectional survey from 24 European countries, significant differences were shown regarding reaching treatment targets depending on the patient’s educational level in cardiovascular secondary prevention. Participants with low education had significantly poorer lifestyle habits pattern after treatment than participants with higher education.32
Starting from November 2017, we prescribed a higher dose for definitive radiotherapy to patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC. In addition, we routinely acquired a mid-treatment computed tomography (CT) and planned a new adaptive radiotherapy (ART). An independent group of 53 consecutive patients treated with IMRT-ART were selected using the same inclusion criteria as for the primary IMRT group.
In this context it is interesting to realize that ROC analyses showed that the best anxiety level to predict a desire for support equaled APAIS-A-T > 9 with a sensitivity of 86 % and a specificity of 72 %. In comparison, an APAIS-A-T > 10 that was suggested by Moerman and colleagues to distinguish “anxiety cases” from “non-anxious patients” had a sensitivity of 73 % only (with a specificity of 82 %) to detect patients of this study who would welcome assistance in coping with their anxiety. The existence of an anxiety score that distinguishes between patients who perceive their anxiety as emotionally distressful or unsettling and who would welcome support (from those patients who do not) would justify integrating an anxiety scoring instrument in patient history forms completed by patients before being seen by the anesthesiologist. This would help the busy and time-limited clinician to identify at a glance in what patient this issue needs to be addressed. However, in light of previous results, [4, 15], and above all findings of this study, the routine application of anxiety scoring instruments in patient history forms seems to be of limited use. For instance, in our study, 77 patients (who reported a desire for support) out of 177 patients (who reported to experience preoperative anxiety and who would be classified as non-anxiety cases according to Moerman and colleagues (APAIS-A-T < 11) ) would not have been identified as patients who desire support when identifying patients with a desire for support by the APAIS only. In other words, about 45 % of patients with a desire for support would have been missed when using the APAIS to identify patients who desire support.
Several procedures that are important in dementia research are more easily performed in rats as compared with mice because of the larger size of the rat brain. Cannulas—to administer drugs, biologics, viruses, and others—and microdialysis probes—for sampling extracellular brain levels of neurotransmitters, amyloid β (Aβ), soluble tau, and others—can be accurately directed to individual brain regions, causing less damage and increasing specificity. In vivo brain imaging techniques, such as MRI (8) and PET (9, 10, 11), can assess the extent and course of neurodegeneration with better spatial resolution in rats. Moreover, rats are large enough for convenient in vivo electrophysiological recordings or serial sampling of cerebrospinal fluid for detection of biomarkers.
The field-based Jones-vector formalism and the intensity-based Stokes–Mueller calculus are the two major mathematical approaches that define the state of polarization of light and describe interaction of polarized light with media.10 A number of innovative polarization-based modalities have been developed for various biomedical applications, utilizing physically measurable Stokes–Mueller parameters, e.g., Mueller-matrix polarimetry.11–14 This approach enables obtaining a complete 4×4 Mueller matrix of the sample that contains full polarimetric information of the examined sample. Mueller-matrix polarimetry shows promising results, in particular, in screening of cancerous tissues15–18 and characterization of other turbid tissue-like scattering media.19–21 Moreover, it has been demonstrated that utilizing circularly polarized light in frame of Stokes-vector polarimetry approach, complemented by the use of Poincaré sphere as a quantitative graphical tool, has a high potential for tissue characterization and evaluation of cancer aggressiveness.22–27
A significant correlation between PS and morphotype (r = 0.49, p < 0.00001) was observed, showing that fiber accessions were more resistant to pasmo (Figure 5A). NPQTL were also significantly correlated with morphotypes (r = −0.65, p < 0.00001) (Figure 5B). Chi-square tests of independence were performed to identify PQTL alleles specifically belonging to a morphotype. For each QTL, the positive-effect allele was assigned a value of 0 and the alternate allele, a value of 1. Similarly, fiber type accessions were assigned 0 and linseed accessions 1. The chi-square test results indicated that most PQTL alleles were significantly associated with fiber type accessions (Table S7). For eight (8, 13, 14, 17, 21, 54, 55, and 63) of the 67 major QTL, between 80 and 100% of the PQTL were present in the fiber accessions; this was particularly acute for QTL 43 and 44 that were almost exclusive to the fiber germplasm. For the remaining 57 QTL, the PQTL were detected in fiber accessions (11–63 out of 80 fiber accessions) but were also found in many linseed accessions.
In this study, we employed a mouse model through social isolation, which can led to myelin deficits in the PFC and impair the sociability of mice. We found that quetiapine can modulate the status of histone methylation in OLs, and rescue myelin deficiency in the PFC of the adult mice subjected to social isolation. Importantly, quetiapine treatment was sufficient to rescue social avoidance behavior in socially isolated mice.
Ultimately, the following in silico tools: Mutation Taster, (https://www.mutationtaster.org/), SIFT (https://sift.bii.a-star.edu.sg/), VEP (https://asia.ensembl.org/Tools/VEP), PolyPhen-2 (http://genetics.bwh.harvard.edu/pph2/), Human Splicing Finder (http://www.umd.be/HSF3/), and SpliceAI (https://spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org/), were used to predict the impact of the candidate variants obtained by CES data analysis.
Immunohistochemistry: Retinal sections were washed with 0.1 M PBS and incubated in 10% normal goat serum (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) or 0.75% horse serum (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) in 0.1 M PBS for 1 h at room temperature, to block non-specific binding, before incubation with the primary antibody overnight at 4 °C: Goat-MMP-3 (AbCAM, Cambridge, UK) and rabbit polyclonal IBA-1 (AbCAM, Cambridge, UK). Sections were washed in 0.1 M PBS, then incubated with the appropriate secondary antibody for 2 h at 37 °C. Immunofluorescence was viewed using a Zeiss laser scanning microscope. The data quantification represented in the figures has been collected from at least one retina section per animal for each group.
相关学者进一步发现，贝伐珠单抗联合培美曲塞治疗可能与调节机体的免疫应答机制相关。炎症微环境能通过多种细胞因子来促进肿瘤的发生、发展，参与肿瘤的转移等。大量研究表明，IL-6、IL-17、IL-33、TNF-α作为体内炎性介质，在肺癌的患者者，表达量明显升高，2015年鄢文等研究发现贝伐珠单抗联合培美曲塞维持治疗后，较培美曲塞单药治疗的晚期非鳞非小细胞肺癌患者外周血IL-27表达有升高，可能与抑制了免疫逃逸相关。辛丽云等、李英等等发现贝伐珠单抗联合培美曲塞处理非小细胞肺癌移植瘤裸鼠后，IL-6、IL-17、IL-33、TNF-α等促瘤炎性相关因子表达水平下降，表明肿瘤预后得到改善。
Sinds de invoering van de Zorgverzekeringswet in 2006 is er ingezet op transparantie ten aanzien van kwaliteit van zorg. Verschillende indicatoren en metingen zijn ontwikkeld om de kwaliteit inzichtelijk te maken voor zorgverzekeraars (inkoopinformatie), patiënten en cliënten (keuze-informatie), de Inspectie Gezondheidszorg en Jeugd (IGJ; toezicht) en zorgorganisaties (verbeterinformatie). Voor verpleeghuizen betekende dit dat zij jaarlijks een set aan zorginhoudelijke indicatoren aanleverden en tweejaarlijks cliëntervaringen ophaalden met behulp van de Consumer Quality index (CQi) . De informatie die dit opleverde bleek niet voor alle groepen even bruikbaar. Cliëntenervaringen werden teruggebracht naar een gemiddelde en verpleeghuisorganisaties en medewerkers gaven aan dat de indicatoren niet altijd de werkelijke kwaliteit van zorg representeerden.
Zespół MEHMO (Mental retardation – niepelnosprawność intelektualna), Epileptic seizures – padaczka, Hypogenitalism – hipogenitalizm, Microcephaly – małogłowie, Obesity – otyłość) (OMIM – 300148) należy do bardzo rzadko występujących zespołów otyłości sprzężonej z chromosomem X, a jego nazwa jest akronimem wiodących objawów zespołu. Locus genu choroby znajduje się najprawdopodobniej w regionie Xp21.1-p22.13, natomiast gen warunkujący objawy nie jest dotychczas poznany. Znacznego stopnia otyłość rozwija się w niemowlęctwie. Niekiedy opisywane są znaczne opóźnienie rozwoju, niski wzrost, wzmożone napięcie mięśniowe, wygórowane odruchy ścięgniste, oczopląs, nadmierna pobudliwość. Zwykle chorzy chłopcy umierają po 2 roku życia. Badania laboratoryjne wskazują na zaburzone działanie kompleksów 1, 3 i 4 łańcucha oddechowego w mitochondriach. Nieprawidłowe, powiększone mitochondria widoczne w obrazach z mikroskopii elektronowej kwalifikują zespół jako chorobę mitochondrialną .
Por último, en la figura 1 se muestra la relación entre la supervivencia global y los tumores del subtipo luminal A, según el porcentaje de expresión del Ki-67 con el punto de corte en 20 %. Por su parte, en la figura 2 se evidencia la relación estadísticamente significativa entre la supervivencia global y los tumores del subtipo luminal B (negativos o positivos para HER2), según si el porcentaje de expresión de Ki-67 es menor o mayor del 20 %, pero sin significación estadística (figura 3).
Le syndrome du défilé thoraco-brachial (SDTB) correspond à l’ensemble des manifestations cliniques liées à la compression des troncs du plexus brachial et ou des vaisseaux sous- claviers lors de la traversée cervico-thoraco-brachiale. Les formes neurologiques sont de loin les plus fréquentes, regroupant environ 95% des cas chez l’adulte. Les formes pédiatriques sont rares . Nous rapportons le cas d’une jeune fille traitée pour SDTB neurologique, conséquence d’une côte cervicale surnuméraire.
Having acquired LC-MS data for sequential analytes in a metabolic pathway (i.e., ceramide → MHC → DHC → Gb3), we evaluated the data for correlations of particular acyl chains across sphingolipid type within a given tissue. Our analysis revealed that sphingolipid species in Fabry tissues had a greater number of strong correlations to different lipid types with the same acyl chain, compared with that in WT (Supplementary Tables 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 & 16). A few of these correlations were significantly different between WT and Fabry mice (Supplementary Tables 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 & 22).
Despite the contested nature of the term, various online platforms have engaged in projects that aim to counter and detect hate speech in their content streams, mostly due to increased public pressure. Various platforms have communicated their good deeds and success with hate speech removal: for instance, Facebook tries to moderate hateful and discriminating content, disinformation, violent content, and certain harmful ideologies (Koebler and Cox, 2018; Roberts, 2019; Sandberg, 2019). The platform has also reported building systems to identify hate speech based on images, such as memes (Sivakumar, 2018). YouTube has reported removing millions of videos with violent or extremist content (Hern, 2018) and shut down channels of far-right actors (e.g., Alexander, 2019). In the summer of 2019, YouTube announced an update to its policies prohibiting hateful content, such as violent extremism, Nazi ideology, and supremacism (YouTube, 2019). These actions are not only examples of corporate goodwill, but also forms of soft regulation and reactions to regulations given by governmental actors (e.g., European Commission, 2016, 2018).
In both Europe and the USA, a dose of >80 Gy is recommended in order to achieve a favorable LC [16, 17]. In contrast, an excellent LC was recently reported in a series of Japanese studies using delivery of a low HR-CTV D90 with a threshold dose of 60 Gy [7–9]. In Japan, the CS technique has been established as the standard approach for achieving a shorter overall treatment time and for reducing late morbidity rates. In these studies, use of the CS technique during EBRT is probably reasonable for Japanese patients, despite the lower total dose to the HR-CTV D90. In the current study, the mean HR-CTV D90 was 73.4 Gy, and favorable results were achieved using CS. However, the HR-CTV D90 was not significantly associated with LC, which may be due to the relatively small median tumor size (38 mm) in our patients compared with that of other Japanese studies. In other words, we had a low percentage of patients with large tumors, in which the HR-CTV D90 was relatively low and for whom LC may eventually not be possible. In addition, it was shown in phantom studies that the cumulative dose to the HR CTV D90, without CS, was clearly lower than the result of simple summing of the ICBT and ERBT doses incorporating CS. [18, 19]. Taken together, these studies suggest that further investigation is needed to evaluate the dose to the HR-CTV (using the CS technique) required for achievement of LC.
恶性肿瘤基本的生物学特征为肿瘤细胞的无限增殖和分化异常。为满足快速增殖、分裂和侵袭转移的需要，肿瘤细胞比正常细胞更需要水分子的快速跨膜转运。多数恶性肿瘤有很高的组织间隙液体压力和微血管渗透性，细胞内外渗透压变化频率加快，这在肿瘤的侵袭和转移中具有重要作用。AQP3表达或功能的改变不仅对水分子的运输产生明显影响，而且对细胞的生命活动至关重要。有研究表明敲除AQP3基因，小鼠内皮细胞迁移速度明显降低，从而引起肿瘤血管生成障碍，肿瘤生长受抑制，提示AQP3与肿瘤血管生成及肿瘤生长、扩散有关。AQP3可以通过两种途径间接刺激肿瘤血管增生：①它与血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF）起协同作用，使肿瘤血管具有很高的通透性，并且加强纤维素外渗，加强了内皮细胞的增殖和迁移，而这两种细胞功能促进了肿瘤血管生成和发展；②AQP3介导的高渗透性引起流体静力压的增高，并且随之引起缺氧，刺激血管生成。
Beim Vergleich des Testverhaltens und der STI-Rate von K1 mit K2 fällt auf, dass die STI-Testquote anstieg, bei gleichzeitiger Zunahme der positiven STI-Testergebnisse (Tab. 1) und Zunahme von aktuellen Beschwerden im Intimbereich (Tab. 2). In den letzten 12 Monaten hatten sich 18- bis 24-Jährige mit rund 4 % häufiger testen lassen, ihre Lebenszeitprävalenz für STI stieg um 4,2 % und parallel nahmen ihre Angaben zu aktuellen Beschwerden im Intimbereich um 6,6 % zu (Tab. 2).
All nine animals completed study protocol with adequate images for speckle tracking strain analysis. Two animals experienced ventricular tachycardia (VT) at <1 min reperfusion. VT was nonsustained, no treatment was necessary, and all strain measurements were able to be analyzed at each time point.
After arriving at the laboratory, participants first took an initial knowledge test at which English words were successively presented on the screen as learning stimuli. The purpose of this test was to ascertain whether participants had already known the definitions of the English words selected as the memoranda for the experiment. For each word, participants were instructed to type its corresponding Chinese definition into a dialogue box. Then, for the practice block, two English words with their Chinese definitions were presented. Participants were informed that there would be a subsequent memory test during which they would be required to recall the Chinese definitions for their corresponding English words. On each trial, participants first saw a fixation cross at the center of a screen for one second. Then an English word accompanied by its Chinese definition in white was presented for seven seconds, against a black screen background, followed by a blank black screen lasting for one second. Afterwards, participants took the test for the English-Chinese pairs presented in the practice block.
L’associazione di NAFLD e diabete mellito di tipo 2 è ben riconosciuta in letteratura e la prevalenza di NASH nei soggetti diabetici supera il 35% (Tabella 1). Il diabete, infatti, oltre a rappresentare un fattore di rischio per lo sviluppo di NAFLD, sembra accelerarne la progressione [26, 27]. La NAFLD, d’altro canto, costituisce un fattore di rischio sia per lo sviluppo di diabete mellito di tipo 2 che delle sue complicanze . Prevalenza della NAFLD nei pazienti affetti da diabete mellito di tipo 2 nel mondoEuropa68% (62,1–73)Stati Uniti d’America51,8% (31,3–71,6)America Latina56,8% (34,1–77)Africa30,4% (11,6–67,1)Asia Occidentale67,3% (60,4–73,6)Asia Meridionale57,9% (52,9–62,7)Asia Orientale52% (45,4–58,6)
From this perspective, the way the teacher educates and the strategies they use influence the way the student chooses the techniques to be employed and copes with studying . However, it must be emphasized that lectures still predominate in higher education, with an emphasis on content and not on competencies, centered on the figure of the teacher, which results in less reflective students , who use processes of superficial learning aimed at reproducing “models”, and for this reason, make use of less elaborate learning strategies, for example, the taking of nongenerative notes, without a conscious or intentional use . In contrast, there are university students who use deep learning processes, which imply intrinsic motivation to learn and use more elaborate learning strategies, together with self-regulation activities , which are favored when teachers use a regulatory teaching method, that is, one which focuses especially on helping students to self-regulate their learning process .
A: Schematic showing structure of a P. falciparum telomere. The genome is digested with frequent-cutting restriction enzymes which do not cut within the telomere repeat to make a Telomere Restriction Fragment (TRF) Southern blot. B: TRF Southern blots of sirtuin-mutant lines compared to parental lines. Representative blots are shown and represent more than 3 experiments for each strain. The average median telomere lengths +/- S.D. from replicate blots are listed below each smear.
IL-1β基因位于人染色体2q13区域, 其调控序列存在与蛋白浓度相关的SNPs位点, 直接决定了IL-1β蛋白的表达水平, 进而影响疾病的发生、发展和预后。有研究发现其中位于启动子区的IL-1β-31、-511位点SNP与肿瘤发生相关, Zienolddiny等分析IL-1β-31、-511位点与非小细胞肺癌危险的联系, 研究指出携带-31T等位基因和-511C等位基因可明显增加患肺癌的危险性, 携带-31TT和-511CC基因型患肺癌的风险分别是携带野生型的2.39和2.51倍。本研究选择-31位点SNP探讨其与非吸烟女性肺癌的关联, 结果提示携带CT或TT突变型者肺癌的发病风险要低于CC携带者, 但差异无统计学意义, 这与Zienolddiny等的研究结果相矛盾, 可能是由于本研究选取的是非吸烟女性, 排除了吸烟因素的混杂; 另外, 本次对照人群的CC、CT、TT基因型频率分别为21.6%、53.8%、24.6%, 与Zienolddiny等研究的对照人群频率存在一定差异, 也可能与该位点基因多态在不同种族之间分布存在差异有关。
No significant differences were obtained in MN frequencies between women and men (both in peripheral blood lymphocytes and epithelial buccal cells). However, in other studies an increase in MN frequencies in women was found. Current knowledge on the effect of gender on genetic damage determines a 1.5-fold greater MN frequency in females than in males , witch can be explained by preferential aneugenic events involving the X-chromossome. Surralés et al. reported an excessive overrepresentation of this chromosome in micronucleic lymphocytes cultured from women .
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent chronic musculoskeletal condition associated with pain, physical and psychological dysfunction, and reduced quality of life in affected individuals . In addition to the personal burden of knee OA, there are substantial direct and indirect health care costs making knee OA a major public health problem . Given the extent of the problem and the fact that the prevalence of OA will escalate with the ageing population and increases in obesity rates , effective treatment strategies are required. In particular strategies that promote long-term self-management are important given the chronicity of the condition.
Die Interaktion zwischen Patienten und Personal ist aufgrund der Demenz und der damit einhergehenden Abnahme der kognitiven und kommunikativen Fähigkeiten einerseits und der fehlenden Kenntnisse des Personals im Umgang mit Demenzkranken andererseits deutlich erschwert [1, 13]. Daraus resultiert ein Interaktionsdefizit. Dieses steht einer adäquaten Bewältigung des Krankenhausaufenthaltes und einer optimalen Versorgung des Patienten mit Demenz entgegen.
The qualitative data thematic analysis yielded three main themes: practice, views, and challenges. The main themes were further divided into 16 sub-themes namely: time from symptoms to diagnosis; time from diagnosis to treatment; escalation of therapy; utilization of new treatment; definition of active disease; definition of highly active disease; acceptable disease activity; causes of lack of standardization; minimization of lack of standardization; disease related challenges; facility related infrastructure; physicians’ knowledge; referral and disease nature; patient awareness about MS; logistics; and patients’ expectations and anticipation. All these themes and sub-themes are discussed in Supplementary Table 2. Overall, no variations were identified in the captured views, perceptions and insights between general neurologists versus MS specialists.
The ROC curve of each dataset was constructed using the “ROCR” library (Sing et al., 2005) in “R.” Representative cutoffs and the corresponding sensitivity and specificity values were obtained from constructed ROC curves. Optimum cutoff selection and corresponding variables were obtained by finding the minimum absolute difference between “sensitivity” and “specificity” that coincided with the crossing point of the two variables. Area Under the Curve (AUC) was calculated at the selected cutoff. In addition, the AUC of the Precision-Recall plot (AUC_pr) was obtained to examine possible effects stemming from the slightly unbalanced categories (Saito and Rehmsmeier, 2015).
Die Erhebung fand, zwischen Februar und März 2020, in mittelständischen Unternehmen der Branchen Gesundheit (3), halb-öffentlicher Bereich (4) und Beratung (1) in der Schweiz statt. Die willkürliche Stichprobe bestand aus Teilnehmenden zwischen 25 und 50 Jahren (M = 38, SD = 8,93), hauptsächlich männlichen Geschlechts (sieben Männer), fast zur Hälfte aus dem mittleren Management (3), die seit durchschnittlich 8 Jahren (SD = 8,53) im Unternehmen tätig waren und durchschnittlich 3 Jahren (SD = 1,69) in einem ABW-Büro arbeiteten. Teilnehmende waren in den Abteilungen Engineering (3), Facility Management (3) und IT (2) tätig. Die Teilnehmenden waren auskunftsfähig, da sie alle eine ABW-spezifische Büroumgestaltung vor durchschnittlich 3 Jahren (SD = 1,69; Bandbreite 1–7 Jahre) miterlebt haben und im Unternehmen, Abteilungen oder Arbeitsgruppen eine Clan-Organisationskultur bestehend war oder sich in Entwicklung befand.
Celem pracy była ocena rozwoju noworodków urodzonych przedwcześnie, w 12 miesiącu życia z uwzględnieniem różnych sfer rozwojowych. Celem badań było uzyskanie odpowiedzi na pytanie jaki procent noworodków urodzonych przed czasem osiąga umiejętności zgodne w wiekiem urodzeniowym w pierwszym roku życia. Jednocześnie w pracy poszukiwano różnic występujących pomiędzy poziomem rozwoju noworodków urodzonych przedwcześnie, a dzieci urodzonych o czasie.
For histological analysis of bone, the left proximal tibia was dissected and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and then was decalcified in 10% EDTA for about 3 weeks. The left proximal tibia was then dehydrated in a graded series of ethanol solutions and then cleared in amyl acetate. Tibias were then cut into 5 μm thick sections for histomorphometry. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for morphological measurements. H&E stained slides were subsequently stained with Safranin-Orange to assess glycosaminoglycan content. These histological sections were evaluated using a modified Mankin grading system by three blinded, independent pathologists.
2) Figure 5. A key difference appears to be in the Asp at the position 3f. The structure has provided a compelling explanation for the binding difference between the FS2 peptide and the PUMA peptide in binding to Bfl-1. In the FS2 peptide, D3f does not form the critical D3f:R88:D81 network. However, it is rather puzzling why D3f is recovered at a 100% rate in the final library as shown in Figure 4A. Based on the structure shown in Figure 5, Asp at the 3f position of the FS2 peptide may be tolerated by substitutions of other residues. The authors need to test this possibility by a mutational approach.
Although Fiocruz has scientific institutes in ten states of the country, the headquarters in Rio de Janeiro accounted for 79% of all TB publications in the organization (n = 326). Other Fiocruz institutes involved in TB research were located in the states of Pernambuco (8.2% of all Fiocruz publications), Bahia (5.3%), Minas Gerais (4.1%), Amazonas (2.9%), Mato Grosso and Paraná (0.2% each one). The institutes of Rio de Janeiro and Pernambuco had the largest number of joint publication (5 papers).
Once the recruitment is complete, a principal investigator of the study will generate an allocation sequence using a random list generator www.random.org. The list will contain the number of items corresponding to the size of recruited participants. For example, if 60 participants will be recruited, then a list with 60 letters (20 letters a (a = treatment group no 1), 20 letters b (b = treatment group 2), and 20 letters c (c = waiting list control) arranged in a random order will be produced. This list will be added side-by-side to a list of alphabetically arranged codes (no personal information) generated to each participant upon registration.
Für das DST wurde ein statistisch optimaler Cut-off-Wert von 34 errechnet, mit dem 60 % Patienten als belastet identifiziert werden (M = 37,23; SD = 10,01; Range 20–68). Mittels eines Cut-off-Werts von 28, der zugunsten einer für ein Screening wesentlicheren höheren Sensitivität empfohlen wird, werden 82 % der Patienten als belastet identifiziert. Für das DT wird der empfohlene Cut-off-Wert verwendet, mit dem 60 % der Patienten als belastet identifiziert werden (M = 6,30; SD = 2,93; Modalwert 6,0; Range 0–10) . Mithilfe des für die Einzelauswertung genutzten Schwellenwertkriteriums der PO-Bado wurden 59 % der Patienten als belastet identifiziert. Davon abweichend ergeben sich in der Betrachtung der Skala psychische Belastung der PO-Bado 67 % der Patienten, deren Belastung als hoch eingestuft wird (M = 12,86; SD = 5,21) Auf der Grundlage der Skala somatische Beschwerden wurden 71 % der Patienten als belastet identifiziert (M = 8,52; SD = 4,06) .
Le faible poids de naissance est un problème de santé multifactoriel dont la prévention est possible par des interventions ciblées sur des facteurs modifiables ayant fait leurs preuves d’efficacité dans plusieurs pays du monde. Ainsi, le taux d’incidence des faibles poids de naissance est l’un des indicateurs de la santé périnatale recommandé par l’OMS .
For Fos quantification, images were acquired using an inverted epifluorescence microscope (Zeiss AxioObserver) with a motorized stage and Zen (Zeiss) software through a 20X (0.8 NA) objective with identical acquisition settings across samples. Cell counting was performed in NIH-image (Fiji) using identical gain and offset settings between samples. For STN cell counts PV label was used to define STN boundaries, tiled images were made to encompass the entire region, and three sections through the STN (between Bregma −1.70 to −2.18) were counted per animal. High-magnification images were acquired using identical acquisition settings across samples with an Olympus confocal microscope (Fluoview FV1200) using a 60X (1.35 NA) objective or a Zeiss AxioObserver with ApoTome using a 63X objective (1.4 NA).
La prevalencia encontrada en este estudio (4,1 %) es similar a la reportada en Bogotá en mujeres asintomáticas (2,24-5,0 %) y en otros países como Argentina (5 %), Estados Unidos (4,2 %), España (4,0 %), Kenia (6,0 %) y Suecia (5,6 %), lo que indica que la infección está desatendida en nuestro medio tanto como en las diferentes zonas geográficas 3-5,10,15-19.