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Historical commonalities in colonization, assimilation, and ongoing socio-economic disadvantages have made the Indigenous populations of Australia, Canada, and New Zealand more vulnerable compared to their non-Indigenous counterparts, and they experience higher rates of chronic disease risk factors [1, 2]. From the range of health risk behaviors, poor nutrition, low levels of physical activity, smoking and obesity have been disproportionately higher in these population groups [1, 3–5]. These lifestyle risk factors have also been recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as being the major preventable causes of chronic diseases across the world . The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) has identified chronic diseases (caused by modifiable risk factors) as the main factors responsible for the gap in mortality among the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in comparison with the general population .
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Die generalisierte Psoriasis pustulosa (GPP) und die Pustulosis palmoplantaris (PPP) stellen eigenständige Krankheitsbilder dar (ICD10 L40.1 bzw. L40.3). Bei der GPP erreichten 83,3 % der Patienten in einer offenen Phase-III-Studie eine Symptomverbesserung innerhalb von 16 Wochen unter Secukinumab-Therapie . Patienten mit PPP profitierten in einer randomisierten kontrollierten Studie von einer Behandlung mit Secukinumab in Form einer Verbesserung der Lebensqualität und des Palmoplantar Pustulosis Area and Severity Index (PPPASI) über 52 Wochen, obwohl der primäre Endpunkt der Studie in Form einer Verbesserung des PPPASI um 75 % innerhalb von 16 Wochen nicht erreicht wurde . Secukinumab ist nur in Japan für die Behandlung von GPP und PPP zugelassen.
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W okresie ponoworodkowym zgony z powodu wad wrodzonych stanowią około 45%, zgony związane z następstwami stanów powstałych w okresie okołoporodowym – 20% i zgony ze wszystkich pozostałych przyczyn - 35%. Obserwując dynamikę zgonów niemowląt, można zauważyć, że spadek ryzyka zgonu następuje niezależnie od grupy wyjściowej przyczyny.
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Ryc. 2. Jednofazowa Uro-TK z podzielonym bolusem środka kontrastowego wykonana u 8-miesięcznej dziewczynki przed planowaną operacją heminefrektomii z powodu dysplazji górnego układu zdwojonej nerki prawej. Rekonstrukcje czołowe i objętościowe (A-D) przedstawiają anatomię nerki z dysplastycznym miąższem (zielona strzałka) oraz anatomię naczyń i dolnego układu zbiorczego nerki.
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Bien que n’étant pas l'objectif de ce travail, il serait intéressant aussi ultérieurement d'une part d’étudier les aspects épidémiologiques liés aux infections: leur prévalence, leur incidence, leur étiologie confirmée ou non par la microbiologie, le type d'infections et d'autre part d'effectuer une étude multicentrique ainsi que l’évaluation d´autres biomarqueurs tel que la procalcitonine, l'endocan, le supar, l'albumine…
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In addition, feeding of the substrate in different ways can directly influence microbial growth, PHA composition, and PHA accumulation. Pulse, stepwise, and continuous feeding regimes during fermentation have been widely studied to attain higher PHA accumulation . In one study, an intermittent feeding approach was applied for the synthesis of P(3HB) by Cupriavidus necator utilizing VFAs generated after the fermentation of kitchen leftovers. In this study, PHB production under intermittent feeding was four times higher than PHB production attained in fed-batch culture (Omar et al., 2011). A “feast and famine” feeding regime is another prominent and effective approach that has been found effective to attain maximum PHA productivity and microbial growth. During the feast phase of fermentation, excess C is supplied, which enhances biocatalyst growth and stored excess C source in PHA granules, whereas, in the famine stage, there is no supply of additional C source which leads to utilization of reserve carbon sources for growth. Morgan-Sagastume et al. evaluated the feasibility of PHA production by means of mixed culture under a feast and famine fermentation regime and it was observed that there was an increase of 34% in PHA accumulation (g PHA g VSS−1) relative to batch fermentation mode.
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common, major cause of disability and death that occurs secondarily to accidents, competitive sports and even war. A primary lesion forms at the point of impact, but there are also secondary injuries of TBI, including secondary brain injury and peripheral organ injuries1, 2, which are key factors influencing the clinical prognosis3. Previous studies have primarily focused on secondary brain injuries caused by rapidly elevated brain glutamate-induced excitotoxicity4, 5. However, acute lung injury (ALI) induced by brain injury, which is also known as traumatic brain injury-induced acute lung injury (TBI-ALI) or neurogenic pulmonary oedema (NPE), is another salient cause of patient death6, 7. Although it has been reported that the incidence of TBI-ALI might reach 50% or more8, this disease has not received sufficient attention in clinical practice because it is relatively unpredictable, has a lack of specific, aetiological diagnostic markers and has similar clinical manifestations to severe pulmonary infection. Thus the diagnosis of TBI-ALI is mainly dependent on exclusion, and it is often overlooked or misdiagnosed9, 10. In contrast to TBI-ALI, multiple peripheral trauma (MPT), which refers to multiple peripheral organ damage or tissue trauma that results from a variety of causes without central nervous system injury, and multiple peripheral trauma-induced acute lung injury (MPT-ALI) are easily induced by MPT-associated haemorrhagic shock, fat embolism, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), or other causes11, 12.
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ECs are critical to all aspects of vascular homeostasis, and EC dysfunction is directly associated with the development of vascular leakage, infectious diseases, stroke, and cancer angiogenesis17. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of miR-148a/b-3p in ECs. miR-148a/b-3p belongs to the miR-148/152 family, which comprises miR-148a, miR-148b, and miR-15218. miR-148a and miR-148b, which are 22 nucleotides in length, are conserved in various species, including mice, dogs, and humans (Supplementary Fig. S2). The mature sequence of miR-148a/b has eight nearly identical seed sequences that differ by only two nucleotides. The structural similarity between miR-148a and miR-148b implies that the two miRs may perform similar biological functions. Using RNA-seq analysis, we found that the expression of miR-148a/b-3p significantly decreased during differentiation of UCB-MNCs into OECs. In addition, hsa-miR-142-3p, hsa-miR-223-3p, hsa-miR-146b-5p, hsa-miR-10, hsa-miR-222, and miR-31-5p also showed expression differences that were similar to those observed for miR-148a/b-3p (Fig. 1a). Interestingly, these miRs are known to have angiogenic effects due to their regulation of EC function. For example, miR-142-3p promotes EC proliferation through regulation of Bcl-2-associated transcription factor 1 under hypertensive conditions19. miR-223-3p inhibits angiogenesis by suppressing the migration and proliferation of ischemic cardiac microvascular ECs in ischemic heart disease20. In addition, upregulation of miR-146b-5p inhibits Ang-1 and causes LPS-induced inflammation in ECs21. These prior studies provided foundational evidence that miR-148a/b-3p could have important implications on EC function in angiogenesis. Using miR target prediction programs, we identified 132 common targets for miR-148a/b in both humans and mice. The majority of the gene targets were overlapping and conserved between miR-148a and miR-148b, and they included NRP1, ITGα5, ROBO1, and DNMT1 (Supplementary Tables 1 and 2). Among these targets, we chose to examine NRP1 regulation by miR148a/b-3p. The luciferase assay results demonstrated that miR148a/b-3p directly targets the 3′UTR of NRP1. Moreover, we found that the mRNA expression of NRP1 is specifically increased in OECs when compared to what is observed in UCB-MNCs. The expression of miR148a/b-3p was inversely correlated with NRP1 expression. Based on these data, we hypothesized that decreased miR-148a/b expression in OECs would upregulate NRP1 and alter EC function. Thus, we investigated how EC function was changed by increasing miR-148a/b levels. Interestingly, miR148a/b-3p expression caused a decrease in NRP1 expression and led to antiangiogenic phenotypes. We confirmed that the overexpression of miR148a/b-3p inhibited migration and F-actin remodeling in ECs. These findings are consistent with the cell morphology changes that occur when small inhibiting NRP1 RNA (siNRP1) is transfected into human dermal microvascular ECs (HDMECs). In HDMECs, siNRP1 inhibited fibronectin-induced Cdc42 activation and consequently impaired actin remodeling22. Furthermore, NRP1 is known to promote EC migration, which is stimulated by both VEGF and extracellular matrix cues23. Although it was not a part of the present study, DNMT1 (DNA [cytosine-5-]methyltransferase 1), was also predicted by our data to be a potential target of miR-148a/b. DNA sequences that encode miRs can undergo abnormal DNA methylation, which influences their expression. In many types of cancers, miR-148a/b expression is low due to the hypermethylation of a CpG island in the miR-148a/b coding region10,24,25. In pancreatic cancer, overexpression of miR-148b lowers DNMT1 expression and contributes to the modified methylation status of tumor suppressor genes25. In breast cancer, increased DNMT1 expression lowers DNMT1 expression and contributes to enhanced hyperactivation of the PI3K/AKT and ERK pathways that promote tumor growth18. These data support the premise that abnormal expression of miR-148a/b, which regulates DNMT1, promotes tumorigenesis.
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SW1783, U373, U87 and NHA were derived from the Type Culture Collection of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai, China) and cultured in DMEM medium (Invitrogen, CA, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Gibco, USA) and 1% streptomycin/penicillin under 37° C incubator containing 5% CO2.
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L’abcès de la thyroïde est une entité pathologique rare représentant seulement 0.1% des pathologies chirurgicales de la thyroïde. Les caractéristiques anatomique et physiologique de cette glande thyroïde lui confèrent une résistance vis à vis des germes pathogènes. La survenue de cette entité pathologique impose la présence de facteur de risque induisant une propagation de l’infection à la glande thyroïde en altérant sa résistance. Le principal facteur de risque est l’altération congénitale de la morphologie de la glande (fistule du sinus piriforme) communiquant ainsi la loge thyroïdienne au pharynx. Chez l’adulte est souvent une dissémination à partir d’un foyer infectieux de proximité ou à distance (bactériémie). D’autres facteurs induisant l’infection de la thyroïde comprennent: une modification de la morphologie thyroïdienne, immunodépression ou facteur iatrogène. Les infections à Streptococcies sp et Staphylococcus sp sont les plus fréquentes et représentent 70% des cas. La tuberculose reste rarement rapportée dans la littérature. Les auteurs rapportent un cas rare d’abcès thyroïdien révélant une maladie de Basedow chez un jeune de 22 ans. Le diagnostique de tuberculose est retenue devant la culture du liquide de cyto-ponction. La dissémination est hématogène à partir d’un foyer de primo-infection pulmonaire.
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多项临床研究的阳性结果促使国内外指南推荐贝伐珠单抗作为晚期非鳞NSCLC一线标准治疗。如Ⅲ期临床研究ECOG4599和BEYOND研究[12, 13]均发现了紫杉醇和卡铂联合贝伐珠单抗相对单纯化疗可延长患者生存期。一篇meta分析纳入4项Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期试验包括AVF-0757、JO19907、ECOG 4599、AVAiL等，共计2, 194例患者，发现在含铂双药化疗方案基础上加用贝伐珠单抗较单用化疗显著延长了患者的中位OS和PFS（死亡：HR=0.90，95%CI：0.81-0.99；病情进展：HR=0.72，95%CI：0.66-0.79）。在安全性方面，联合抗血管生成药物治疗使不良反应发生率升高，使用贝伐珠单抗期间发生3级或以上不良事件包括血栓栓塞（8%）、高血压（6%）、出血（4%）、蛋白尿（3%）和肺出血（1%），因此，此联合治疗方案并不适用于易发生空洞、坏死和出血的肺鳞癌，若发生辅助用药无法控制的不良反应也应停药。
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Fourth, the American and British newspapers were the ones to mention microbiome papers the most. That is not surprising because the US-based National Institutes of Health (NIH) has provided nearly two-thirds of funding for microbiome research . The findings also reflect American and British journalism’s longer scientific tradition and the countries’ dominant position in the scientific literature . British and American newspapers also echo the top medical journals the most, with The New York Times standing out . Similarly, The New York Times covered the Human Genome Project the most .
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A side-by-side comparison of all four treatments is shown in Figure 6. An intact, uninjured cortex revealed no detectable damage (Figure 6A). Slight damage of the outer cortex that does not penetrate beyond the pia mater is seen in the 3.4 bar treatment (Figure 6B). The injury from the 4.2 bar treatment is much more significant than that of the 3.4 bar, penetrating beyond the pia mater and reaching cortical neurons (Figure 6C). The depth of the 4.2 bar injury can be compared to that of the 5.0 bar injury (Figure 6D). The 5.0 bar treatment is much more pervasive and penetrates even deeper into the cortex. The clearer space within the marked region (Figure 6D) clearly shows neuronal cell death.
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Membranous glomerulonephritis. Basement membrane (laminin, green – Alexa Fluor 555) and IgG deposits (red – iFluor 647). (A–C) Widefield IF images at ×100 magnification of frozen section of membranous glomerulonephritis showing (A) laminin channel, (B) IgG channel, and (C) expanded two‐channel image of region indicated by yellow square in (A) and (B). (D) Widefield IF of region indicated by yellow square in (C), and (E) corresponding STORM image with pixel size rendered at 25 nm. (F) Electron micrograph of similar structure from same biopsy at ×5,500 magnification. (G) Widefield IF image of 3.2 × 2.4 μm2 region indicated in (D) and (E), with (H) corresponding STORM image. (I) Expanded electron micrograph image of region indicated in (F). Yellow dashed lines indicate the light grey GBM. Dark grey electron‐dense deposits on the subepithelial side (purple arrows) represent immune complexes containing IgG.
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According to the mechanism which was shown in Scheme 2, MB which was adsorbed on the polyaniline-hybridized Bi2SnTiO7 was excited by visible light irradiation. Subsequently, an electron was injected from the excited MB to the conduction band of the polyaniline-hybridized Bi2SnTiO7 where the electron was scavenged by molecular oxygen. Scheme I explained the results which were obtained with the polyaniline-hybridized Bi2SnTiO7 as catalyst under visible light irradiation, where the polyaniline-hybridized Bi2SnTiO7 could serve to reduce recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes by scavenging of electrons .
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Since the risk of LNM needs to be minimal, ESD is recommended for use in well-or moderately well-differentiated EGC confined to the mucosa without ulceration and with lesion size equal to or smaller than 20 mm.1 The absolute indications are so strict that few patients are eligible for ESD. Subsequently, expanded indications were proposed for ESD that included ulcerated lesions, but the application was still limited to differentiated mucosal lesions with diameters smaller than 30 mm.1 In contrast with its use in non-ulcerative-type EGC, endoscopic submucosal resection is less commonly used in ulcerative-type EGC because of the higher risk of LNM in these tumors.8–10 Indeed, the factors affecting LNM have seldom been evaluated in patients with ulcerative EGC in previous studies.
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异质性及克隆演变是恶性疾病复发难治的根本原因，加深对其理解有助于明确MM的诊疗是多层次的动态过程。目前基于生化指标、CA及蛋白表达等的危险分层体系已能够较好预测患者预后，但空间异质性的存在提示单一部位取样可能会误判病情或不能匹配准确的分层治疗策略。并且，MM复发或经过治疗后大多发生了克隆演变,，此时初诊的疾病状态并不能反映即时病情或预测未来发展趋势，应重新进行遗传学检查或预后分层评估。通过不同克隆演变模式复发的患者宜采取的治疗策略也不同：既往治疗对稳定型演变患者可能依然有效；发生分枝型或线型演变的患者则需选用不同作用机制的药物，甚至采取全新治疗策略以杀灭耐药或新发克隆。
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Betel quid chewing is a prevalent habit in 10–20% of the general population , and is also part of traditional Aboriginal culture usually taken with alcohol during festival or traditional ceremony in Taiwan . The betel quid prepared in Atayal aboriginal community of Taiwan is quite different from those in other parts of the world. It usually consists of 2 halves of a fresh areca nut (fruit of the Areca catechu Linn.), sandwiched with a piece of the betel leaf, and white slaked lime paste, instead of the reddish inflorescence. Betel quid chewers generally swallow the saliva completely, thus bathing the epithelial lining of the upper digestive tract with the toxins released during chewing. Such a practice may increase the possibility of toxic effects of betel quid at target organs other than the oral cavity . In 2004, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) declared chewing of betel quid, by itself, to be a Group 1 carcinogen and the areca nut to be, correspondingly, a Group 1 carcinogen . Chewing betel quid independently contributes to the risk of oropharyngeal cancer , oral mucosal lesions , oral leukoplakia , oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) , liver cirrhosis , hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) , diabetes mellitus and adverse outcomes with use during pregnancy . Endogenous formation of areca-nut-derived nitrosamines was found in vivo or in vitro studies, suggesting that the damage of liver could partly result from metabolite of the areca nut .
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L’écrasement traumatique de membre est d'abord une pathologie régionale grave qui peut rapidement devenir systémique et mettre en jeu le pronostic vital par le mécanisme d'ischémie/reperfusion du membre écrasé. Les principales causes de décès sont le choc hypovolémique, l'hyperkaliémie, l'insuffisance rénale, la toxicité cardiaque aigue et le syndrome de défaillance multiviscérale. La prise en charge doit être rapide et agressive sur le lieu même de l'accident, elle doit être focalisée sur le traitement et la prévention de l'hypovolémie, de l'hyperkaliémie et de l'insuffisance rénale.
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С использованием официальных данных Росстата о численности населения, проживающего на территории РФ в указанные годы, проведен расчет основных эпидемиологических характеристик: распространенности (отношение абсолютного числа случаев заболевания к численности населения, умноженное на 100 000 человек) и заболеваемости (отношение абсолютного числа случаев впервые выявленного заболевания к численности населения, умноженное на 100 000 человек). Численность населения соответствовала количественному значению лиц, проживающих на территории РФ в данном году, обоих полов, всех возрастов.
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En los siete años de estudio (2013-2019) ingresaron en promedio 904 casos por año, con una tendencia creciente, dándose el mayor número de registros en el 2017 (1.017 casos, 23,3 %). El total de casos nuevos fue de 5.303 (83,8 %) y las recaídas fueron 362 (5,7 %).
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His’ Vorgehen – erstens die gezielte Anlage von Sammlungen menschlicher Embryonen, die zweitens als kontinuierliche Schnittserien histologisch aufbereitet wurden und drittens als Modellvorlagen dienten, um daran viertens die ‚normale‘ embryonale Entwicklung des Menschen darstellen zu können – sollte das Fachgebiet bis zur Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts prägen (O’Rahilly 1988). Geographisch verlagerte sich der Forschungsschwerpunkt dabei in die USA, wo vom His-Schüler Franklin P. Mall (1862–1917) Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts am Department of Embryology der Carnegie Institution of Washington die bis heute weltweit bedeutendste Referenzsammlung für frühe humanembryologische Präparate (im Folgenden kurz Carnegie Collection) etabliert wurde.
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近些年，低剂量计算机断层扫描（low-dose computed tomography, LDCT）在临床的广泛应用，越来越多的肺部小结节以及单侧或双侧的多原发肺结节被发现。相比肺叶切除术，肺段切除术的创伤更小，能够保留更多的肺组织，这使得多原发病灶的治疗和将来可能发生的原发肺癌行二次手术成为一种可能，因此肺段切除术获得了越来越多的关注。目前，人们反复提出的问题是，对于早期肺癌，肺段切除术能否作为根治术式来替代肺叶切除术，适合肺段切除术的肿瘤有哪些特点。本文针对影响肺段切除术预后的因素展开综述，探讨其最佳的适应症。
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Morphology of the African bush elephant’s (Loxodonta africana) skin. In addition to a, b centimetre-scale wrinkles and folds, African elephants exhibit c a network of narrow (~100 μm) channels (here, on the forehead of a juvenile animal). Previous research shows that these structures help the animal retain water and mud on its skin. d, e A patch of forehead skin before (d) and after (e) the mechanical extraction of the stratum corneum. In e, the narrow channels (white dotted lines) are no longer visible because they are confined to the extracted skin layer; note that the stratum corneum channels are confined in between papillae. The circled hair on both pictures serve as guides to the eye. f Mesh generated from the data of a micro-CT scan of a patch of skin without stratum corneum and colour-coded by height, showing the intricate three-dimensional surface geometry of the animal’s papillae. g A patch of skin from the forehead of an Asian elephant. Even though the pattern of papillae is present, narrow channels are not observed. Scale bars: a ∼50 cm; b ∼7 cm; c 7.5 mm; d 2.5 mm; e 2.5 mm; f 1 mm; g 5 mm
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W 2015 roku zarejestrowano w Polsce 1474 zgony osób w wieku 1-19 lat, w tym 963 zgony chłopców (65%) i 511 dziewcząt (35%). Aktualne wskaźniki umieralności według wieku, płci i miejsca zamieszkania przedstawiono w tabeli I. Ogólny współczynnik umieralności wyniósł w tej grupie wieku 19,9 na 100 000 populacji, w tym 25,4 dla chłopców i 14,2 dla dziewcząt.
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The 3D structure-data files (SDF) of the compounds in the crude oil sample were identified and downloaded from the PubChem database. They were minimized in PyRx virtual screening tool, using Universal Force Field at 200 steps. They were then converted to AutoDock ligands (pdbqt) and used for the docking analysis.
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Based on the application of industrial extraction technologies, the extraction process has been greatly improved, and the corresponding cost has been reduced . However, the analysis and interpretations of the optimum extraction conditions seem to be empirical, and the research of some parameters is still under serious investigations. To address these problems, the traditional single variable approach, in which the level of each parameter is varied individually, while those of the others hold constant, spends too much time and requires a large number of experiments . Accordingly, the advanced multivariable methodologies for the analysis of optimal extraction process are highly demanded , with the purpose of obtaining high-quality active substance of glycyrrhizic acid. For example, the central composite design (CCD), firstly presented by Box and Wilson , is a typical one. This design consists of the following parts: a full factorial or fractional factorial design, an additional design, and a central point.
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Tampoco se abordó aquí hasta qué punto las sanciones establecidas en el país logran realmente su propósito. Se pudo observar que la sanción económica fue la más utilizada con mayor frecuencia, quizá porque es la forma en que los estados y sus municipios recaudan recursos para apoyar la ejecución de otros programas o acciones de gobierno. Estudios futuros podrían analizar en qué medida las sanciones vigentes en las distintas entidades federativas desincentivan las conductas de riesgo. Sería ideal contar con información del tipo o nivel de sanción a partir del cual se logra eficazmente desincentivar comportamientos que atentan la seguridad vial.
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The DDD of the drug follows the recommendations of the WHO Collaborating Center for drug statistical methods. For those that cannot be queried, the administration scheme recommended in the manufacturer's instructions approved by the State Food and Drug Administration shall be followed. Drugs with the same chemical name and different specifications are counted as the same kind of drug, and the same kind of drug with different routes of administration are counted separately17.4\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\mathrm{Percentage of antimicrobial drug cost}=\frac{\mathrm{Total cost of antimicrobial drugs}}{\mathrm{Total cost of all drugs}}*100\%$$\end{document}Percentageofantimicrobialdrugcost=TotalcostofantimicrobialdrugsTotalcostofalldrugs∗100%
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The distribution of summary scores (for the total and subscale scores for objective quality) was visually inspected and evaluated for a normal distribution using skewness and the Shapiro-Wilk test. Skewness was judged significant if the estimate was more than plus or minus 1.0. Normally distributed data were expressed as the mean (SD). Floor or ceiling effects were judged to be present if more than 15% of the apps were rated as the lowest or highest scores, respectively.
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Das Abfallaufkommen im Bereich des Außer-Haus-Verzehrs hat in Deutschland von 1994 bis 2017 um 77.400 t zugenommen (Schüler 2018). 2017 beträgt das mit diesem Bereich assoziierte Abfallaufkommen bereits 281.186 t exklusive Haushaltsverpackungen beziehungsweise 346.831 t inklusive; 119.879 t entfallen dabei auf Menüboxen und Snackboxen wie zum Beispiel Pizzakartons, Lunchboxen, Nudelboxen etc. (Schüler 2018). Haushaltsverpackungen sind Produkte mit Verpackungsfunktion, die unbefüllt gekauft werden wie z. B. Folien, Schüsseln u. Ä. Das gesamte für 2017 ermittelte Abfallaufkommen in diesem Bereich setzt sich aus 64 % Papier-Pappe-Karton, 30 % Kunststoff, 4 % Alu und 1 % Naturmaterialien zusammen (Istel and Detloff 2018). Für die Kunststoff- und Papier-Pappe-Karton-Fraktion bedeutet dies, dass 1,8 % bzw. 2,8 % des Gesamtabfallaufkommens in Deutschland (Umweltbundesamt 2019) aus diesem Wirtschaftszweig entstammt.
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Given our previous studies demonstrating a role for the CCK2R in progastrin's proliferative effects in the colon, questions arise as to the relative importance of this receptor compared to GPR56. Knockout of either gene appears to inhibit progastrin-induced proliferation and colonic tumorigenesis. In the case of GPR56, gene knockout suppressed baseline BrdU- and Ki67- positive colonic epithelial cells, suggesting the presence of endogenous signaling, or stimulation by low levels of circulating progastrin. Both CCK2R and GPR56 are G-protein-coupled receptors, and co-expression in cells led to further increases in cell proliferation after progastrin treatment. However, further study is needed to determine whether there is cross-talk between receptors, or whether other mechanisms (e.g. heterodimerization) may be operational.
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Пациентка А., 29 лет, впервые обратилась в ФГБУ «НМИЦ эндокринологии» Минздрава России в марте 2022 г. с жалобами на головную боль, общую слабость, укрупнение черт лица, увеличение пальцев рук и увеличение размера ноги, снижение слуха и остроты зрения, затрудненное носовое дыхание, шум в голове преимущественно в ночное время, запоры, храп и боль в коленных суставах.
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Figure 3 shows the distribution plot of metric variables available in the dataset. Figure 3a illustrates that non-normal EF distribution (p < 0.05) with mean of 38.08. Figure 3b displays the non-Normal distribution of the CPK with a mean of 581.84 with 251.49 kurtosis and 4.48 skewness. Figure 3c visualizes the non-Normal distribution, and it has a mean of 263,358.03 with 6.21 kurtosis and 1.46 skewness. Figure 3d depicts a non-normal distribution of SC, and its mean was 1.40. The kurtosis and skewness are 25.83 and 4.46, respectively. Figure 3e graphs the non-normal distribution of SS having a mean of 136.36 with the Kurtosis of 25.83 and skewness of 4.46. Figure 3f displays, and it is evident that the SS has non-normal distribution with 136.63 means. The lower bound and upper bound are 136.12 and 137.13, respectively, with 4.41 SD. Patients’ Follow-up months distribution plot is displayed in Figure 3f. From day 4 to day 285, the follow-up month mean is 130.26 found. The absence of normality is also there with 77.61 SD.
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Significant differences were found among genotypes under both drought-stressed and well-watered conditions for the studied traits canopy temperature depression (CTD) at heading, anthesis (CTDA), milking (CTDM), dough (CTDD), ripening (CTDR), SPAD at heading (SPADH), anthesis (SPADA), at milking (SPADM), dough (SPADD), ripening (SPADR), relative water content (RWC), excised leaf water retention (ELWR) and leaf membrane stability index (LMSI) (Table 1). Similarly, the effects of environment under both drought-stressed and well-watered conditions were significant for all the traits, except LMSI under drought-stressed condition. Genotype × environment interaction effects were significant for all the traits under both moisture regimes, except EWLR and LMSI under drought-stressed condition. The significant genotype × environment interaction effect indicated that the genotypes responded differently over the environments. Results of the mean square of the year and replication × years had highly significant variations for all the traits under both drought-stressed and well-watered conditions (Table 1). There were also highly significant differences observed for the mean square of the year and replication × years from combined analysis of data (Table 2). In the combined analysis of variance, effects of genotype, water regime and environment were significant for all the 14 physiological traits considered (Table 2). Non-significant genotype × water regime interaction effects were found for all the traits, indication that the response of the genotypes did not differ with water regimes. Similarly, the interaction effects of genotype × environment were non-significant for all the traits, except RWL. The three-way genotype × water regime × environment interaction effects were non-significant for all the physiological traits investigated.
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Sr6Ai#2 находится в составе группы генов Lr6Ai#2/ Sr6Ai#2/Pm6Ai#2, обеспечивающих устойчивость к комплексу листостебельных заболеваний пшеницы, и расположен в хромосоме 6Ai#2, которая интрогрессирована в мягкую пшеницу от Thinopyrum intermedium. Цитогенетическое исследование сортов Тулайковская-5, Тулайковская-10 и Тулайковская-100, имеющих многолетнюю историю культивирования в различных регионах России, показало, что хромосома 6Ai#2 сохранила свою целостность в данных сортах (Salina et al., 2015). Среди отечественного материала присутствие гена Sr6Ai#2 продемонстрировано для линий и сортов cаратовской и самарской селекции в сочетании с генами Sr31 и Sr25 (Shamanin et al., 2016).
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We conducted a scoping review to identify and classify the prevention and management interventions of FASD reported in the literature across the life span that may be included in the policy for FASD. We adapted five steps for conducting reviews as proposed by Arksey and O’Malley to suit the aim of this study. The five steps include (1) framing of questions for the review; (2) identifying relevant work; (3) assessing the quality of studies; (4) summarizing the evidence; (5) interpreting the findings.
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To further investigate whether the inhibitory effect of Lactucin on inflammatory mediators is related to its associated proteins, Western Blot was used to determine protein expression of iNOS and COX-2. The results showed that after 12 h of LPS stimulation, iNOS and COX-2 proteins were highly expressed in the cells, whereas iNOS and COX-2 proteins were hardly expressed in normal cells, 50 μmol L−1 of lactucin could extremely significantly inhibit iNOS and COX-2 protein expression (p < 0.01), and 25 μmol L−1 of lactucin could also extremely significantly inhibit iNOS protein expression (p < 0.01), in addition, it is evident that 0.1% of DMSO had no effect on protein expression (Figure 9A).
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L'acidocétose diabétique: Classiquement, le diagnostic d'ACD est retenu sur des critères biologiques : glycémie ≥2g/L (11 mmol/L), glycosurie ≥2 croix, cétonurie ≥2 croix, pH < 7,3 ou réserve alcaline < 15 mmol/L . Ne pouvant pas réaliser la gazométrie (pH, réserve alcaline) dans la présente étude, le diagnostic d'ACD a été retenu devant l'association d'au moins un des signes cliniques suivants : vomissements, douleurs abdominales, dyspnée de Küssmaul, signes de déshydratation et trouble de la conscience aux signes biologiques suivants : glycémie ≥2g/L (11mmol/L), glycosurie ≥ 2 croix, cétonurie ≥2 croix.
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Many studies lament the challenge of science learning, the claim being that students’ naïve responses to phenomena conflict with conceptions established by the scientific community (for reviews, see Murphy & Alexander, 2008; Pfundt & Duit, 1993). While the exact nature of students’ knowledge is still debated (cf., Smith, diSessa, & Roschelle, 1993), the challenges that come with science learning are indisputable. They are pervasively documented in all aspects of science, including physics (e.g., Edens & Potter, 2003; Lee & Law, 2001; Mazens & Lautrey, 2003; Park & Han, 2002; Pozo & Gomez Crespo, 2005), chemistry (e.g., Chiu, Chou, & Liu, 2002; Harrison & Treagust, 2001; Boo & Watson, 2001), biology (e.g., Mikkilä-Erdmann, 2001; Windschitl, 2001), and astronomy (e.g., Diakidoy & Kendeou, 2001; Vosniadou & Brewer, 1992). It is therefore urgent to develop more effective science pedagogy, compared to typical instruction (e.g., Ohlsson, 1999, 2000).
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To determine the influence of the promoter on a baculovirus vector by the expression of the second copies of the IE1/IE0 transactivators, we generated another baculovirus expressing the Ac-ie-01 cDNA under the control of a lower strength promoter derived from Trichoplusia ni lepidopteran insect and named pB29. Similar results were observed with the new rBac (data not shown). Despite that we did not study the expression level of these factors obtained with different promoters in infected cells, it seems that promoter strength is not relevant for the functions of the second copies of IE1/IE0 when expressed in a baculovirus vector.
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Our scenarios demonstrate that the suggested expansion of agricultural land uses in the Daly catchment could worsen residents’ life satisfaction and that future land-use decisions should consider potential trade-offs between increased income for some groups and decreased satisfaction with the environment. Negative changes in the environment will affect well-being factors associated with biodiversity, recreation, and cultural values which are more important to residents than commercial values . Alternative development trajectories such as government-sector growth , which has lower associated environmental impacts, or carbon offsets and payments for biodiversity conservation , which have associated environmental benefits, might be more socially acceptable for this region. Furthermore, given the direct link between the changes in agricultural land use and environmental factors such as water level and number of fish in the river, additional analyses to quantify the impacts of land-use scenarios on water extraction, using an existing evaluation tool , would contribute valuable insights.
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Similar responses to that of the monocyte protein [66, 67] were observed, by Gibson et al. , in leukocyte Hsp72 mRNA in response to hypoxia (Table 2). In this experiment, where, during a 30 min hypoxic stress test (FiO2 = 0.12) consisting of a 10 min rest followed by 2 × 10 min bouts of exercise at 40% and 65% \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ \dot{V} $$\end{document}V˙O2max, HA but not normothermic training mitigated the hypoxia-induced increase in Hsp72 mRNA (pre-HA +37%, post-HA −5%), but not leukocyte Hsp90α mRNA (pre-HA +23%, post-HA +14%) that had previously occurred during the hypoxic stress test performed prior to HA. This was a comparable direction of response to that of McClung et al. in peripheral blood mononuclear cells undergoing a post-HA ex vivo thermal incubation for HSP72 (pre-HA +3.3-fold, post-HA +2.2-fold). However, McClung et al. observed an attenuation in HSP90α (pre-HA +87%, post-HA no change from basal) not evidenced by Gibson et al. during in vivo hypoxia. In addition to cross-acclimation and improved performance data, Lee et al. observed that improved cellular tolerance to hypoxia was equally attainable utilising either HA or hypoxic training. Resting monocyte HSP72 increased in response to HA (+62%) and hypoxic training (+58%) to a similar extent, but was unchanged after thermoneutral, normoxic control training (+9%). Increased HSP72 following HA and hypoxic training led to an attenuated HSP72 response to hypoxic exercise in 40 min hypoxic stress tests (50% \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ \dot{V} $$\end{document}V˙O2peak; 18 °C, 35% RH FiO2 = 0.14). This response was comparable in direction, i.e. HA provided cross-tolerance to hypoxic stress (Table 2), but of a greater magnitude of response to that observed using a 10-day , rather than a 3-day, HA intervention in identical conditions . These data emphasise that while acute and short-term cross-tolerance benefits are attainable, a dose response is apparent. The work of Gibson et al. , and Lee et al. [21, 66, 67] highlight that increased HSP72 attained during HA provides sufficient cellular protection to mitigate further increases in the protein in subsequent hypoxia.Table 2Heat to hypoxia cross-tolerance experimental dataStudy, yearHeat acclimation protocolAdaptations to heat acclimationHypoxic protocolImproved responses to hypoxiaLee et al. , 20143 days75 min day−1 (including 15 min preliminary rest)40 °C 20% RH[Fixed] Cycling @ 50% \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ \dot{V} $$\end{document}V˙O2peak ↑ Basal monocyte HSP72↑ eHsp72 pre/post session15 min @ rest60 min @ 50% \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ \dot{V} $$\end{document}V˙O2peak (FiO2 = 0.14; ~3300 m)Monocyte HSP72 increase attenuated after heat acclimation↑ eHSP72 maintained after heat acclimationGibson et al. , 201510 days90 min day−1 40 °C 40% RH[ISO] Cycling @ 65% \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ \dot{V} $$\end{document}V˙O2peak ↑ Hsp72 mRNA pre/post session↑ Hsp90α mRNA pre/post session10 min rest10 min cycling @ 40% \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ \dot{V} $$\end{document}V˙O2peak 10 min cycling @ 65% \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ \dot{V} $$\end{document}V˙O2peak (FiO2 = 0.12; ~4500 m)Attenuated Hsp72 mRNA increase after heat acclimation↑ Hsp90α mRNA maintained after heat acclimationLee et al. , 201610 days75 min day−1 (including 15 min rest)40 °C 25% RH[Fixed] Cycling @ 50% \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ \dot{V} $$\end{document}V˙O2peak ↑ Basal monocyte HSP72 (comparable magnitude to equivalent training in hypoxia)40 min @ 50% \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ \dot{V} $$\end{document}V˙O2peak then 16.1 km cycling TT (FiO2 = 0.14; ~3300 m)Monocyte HSP72 increase attenuated after heat acclimation [Fixed] denotes fixed-intensity protocol, [ISO] denotes isothermic/controlled hyperthermia protocol, FiO 2 fractional inspired oxygen content, HSP72/Hsp72 heat shock protein-72 (eHSP extracellular protein, HSP intracellular protein, Hsp gene). Hsp90α heat shock protein-90α, mRNA messenger RNA, RH relative humidity, TT time trial, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ \dot{V} $$\end{document}V˙ O 2peak peak oxygen uptake, ↑ indicates increase
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Numbers in brackets show reference. CMS, Chicago Medical School; ESI-MS/MS, Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry; GSL, Glycoshpingolipids; HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography; LC-MS, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry; MALDI-TOF-MS, Matrix-Assisted Laser-Desorption Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry; N/A, not available; SPF, specific pathogen-free; WT, wild-type.
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KRAS信号途径的其它信号分子可能与EGFR-TKIs的原发耐药有关，如BRAF（Raf亚型）突变。BRAF基因是RAF家族的成员之一，该家族还包括ARAF和RAF1。BRAF编码一种丝/苏氨酸特异性激酶，是RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK/MAPK通路重要的转导因子，参与调控细胞内多种生物学过程，如细胞增殖、分化和凋亡等，与肿瘤的发生关系密切。研究表明约3%的NSCLC存在BRAF突变，最常见的BRAF突变发生在BRAF激酶区活性部分的600位，由谷氨酸取代了缬氨酸（V600E），突变可激活MEK-ERK信号传导通路，诱导细胞增殖和分化。BRAF突变的NSCLC对EGFR信号通路缺乏依赖性，故对EGFR-TKIs有耐药性，而对MEK抑制剂敏感。因此，应用靶向BRAF及整个RAF家族或它的效应器（如MEK）的药物，可对部分BRAF突变患者临床获益。
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The apparent stiffness is computed for each type of amino acid pair using eq. 2 , by considering only residue pairs separated by less than 10 Å. As shown in Figure 3A, the chemical nature of the interacting residues is a major determinant of their dynamical behavior. Unsurprisingly, Glycine and Proline appear as the most effective ingredients of flexibility. Pairs involving hydrophobic and aromatic amino acids tend to be considerably more rigid, with values up to 6 times larger. These differences originate in part in the individual propensities of different amino acids to be located in more or less flexible regions (e.g. hydrophobic core vs. exposed surface loops). However, there is only a limited agreement between and (Figure 3A–B): the correlation coefficient is equal to 0.71, and spans a much wider range of values. Beyond individual amino acid preferences, the specifics of residue-residue interactions play thus a significant role in determining the extent of cooperativity in residue motions.
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With the advance of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, RNA-seq has become the technical platform of choice to identify lncRNAs. Using bioinformatics tools, lncRNA transcripts can be directly assembled from RNA-seq reads. Recent advances in DNA sequencing and transcriptome analysis have provided gigabases of data and genome-wide analysis of lncRNAs has been conducted in many species (Jain et al., 2017; Ma et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2019a; Wang et al., 2019b; Xu et al., 2017; Yao et al., 2019). Approximately 40,000 putative lncRNAs were identified in Arabidopsis by EST, tiling array analyses and RNA-seq data sets (Jin et al., 2013; Liu, Wang & Chua, 2015; Wang et al., 2014). Oil palm is one of the most important oil crops in the world. Many QTL mapping for oil yield, fatty acid composition and vegetative traits in oil palm were reported (Jeennor & Volkaert, 2014; Montoya et al., 2013; Singh et al., 2009), A good reference of oil palm genome, transcriptome profile and lncRNA profile will assist in identifying the causality for phenotypic variations. In this study, we applied strand-specific RNA-seq (ssRNA-seq) technology to identify lncRNA transcripts from an equally pooled RNA sample of oil palm spear leaf and mesocarps of six developmental stages. We also predicted target genes of lncRNAs and analysed the expression patterns of lncRNAs and their target genes based on 18 oil palm transcriptomes downloaded from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website. LncRNAs expression patterns in different tissues and different developmental stages of mesocarp that stores oil were characterized. We also applied association mapping to identify lncRNA loci related to the variation in fatty acid content. Our study provides a resource for studying lncRNAs in oil palm, including NAT-lncRNAs and their target genes, as well as lncRNAs related to fatty acid content.
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A forma AL pode envolver vários órgãos como os rins, trato gastrointestinal e sistema nervoso autônomo, além do próprio coração. É causada pelo depósito de proteínas derivadas das imunoglobulinas de cadeia leve produzidas pelas células plasmáticas em quadros de discrasia plasmocitária como no mieloma múltiplo (MM). Cerca de 10% dos pacientes com MM podem desenvolver AL e, destes, mais da metade pode apresentar AC. O acometimento cardíaco está em segundo lugar depois do envolvimento dos rins na AL. 180,181
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Statistische Berechnungen wurden mittels RStudio Version 1.1.456 für Windows durchgeführt. Verteilungen quantitativer Merkmale wurden vor Durchführung der Tests geplottet und visuell auf Normalverteilung geprüft. Das Alter der Patienten wurde als Mittelwert sowie mit 95 %-Konfidenzintervall (KI) und Standardabweichung (sd) angegeben und mangels Normalverteilung anhand eines Mann-Whitney-U-Tests getestet. Aufgrund verletzter Testannahmen wurde beim Vergleich des Alters ambulanter und stationärer Patienten auf einen χ2-Test mit gruppierten Alterskategorien zurückgegriffen. Kategoriale Merkmale wurden anhand von absoluten und relativen Häufigkeiten dargestellt und mittels χ2-Tests auf statistische Signifikanz überprüft. Ein p-Wert von unter 0,05 wurde als statistische Signifikanz bewertet.
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The average receiver calibration temperature, Tcal, was measured using the Y-factor method, too. It is the excess of noise added to the receiver by the noise diodes when they are ON (Section 2.6). It must be noted that the output power of the noise diodes was attenuated to get Tcal values around 5% of TRX.
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The results of Experiment 2 provided information about the relationship between the solar irradiation values and the machine learning techniques that would provide the most accurate results, as presented in Table 2. It is possible to verify that certain daily solar irradiation ranges are associated to a certain machine learning technique that provides the best results, and therefore as an example there is the daily solar irradiation values between 4916 W/m2 and 5011 W/m2 is associated with the support vector machines for regression, and between 5597 W/m2 and 5761 W/m2 is associated with the regression tree. This information was used to implement the fuzzy system by grouping all the daily solar irradiation values into ranges (fuzzy input) and associating each of the ranges to a machine learning technique (fuzzy output).
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С целью более наглядного сопоставления длин теломер у исследуемой группы (ПНЯ, n=33) в качестве референсных показателей мы привели аналогичные показатели здоровых женщин репродуктивного возраста (контрольная группа, n=24). Медиана возраста в данной группе составила 36 [ 30,0–40,0] лет, ИМТ=22 [ 20,0–27,0] кг/м², ФСГ=5,85 [ 4,75–8,55] мМЕд/л, длина теломер 10,8 [ 10,0–13,1] кБ.
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A focus group is a technique of the qualitative method to describe and understand interpretations, perceptions, and beliefs of a group (6–10 persons) with a common problem [18, 19]. The goal is the heterogeneity of the information on persons who share the same problem [11, 18–20]. The theoretical sampling was selected and made according to the wealth of information and not to the number of individuals and the process stops when new more aspects of the same phenomenon are not already mentioned .
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Indicação: Em algumas situações de ECA, como nas infecções, a indicação de remoção dos eletrodos é mandatória, já em outras a remoção completa pode ser discutível. Entretanto, em todos os casos, deve-se avaliar criteriosamente os riscos e benefício tanto da indicação como na escolha da modalidade de remoção.
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精确放疗在非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC）治疗中的地位已得到公认。靶区的勾画是精确放疗中最基础、最关键的一环。但CT在勾画靶区时所提供的信息有时不能满足临床要求，尤其是肺癌原发肿瘤伴有肺不张/阻塞性肺炎或确定纵隔淋巴结是否有转移时。肺癌伴发阻塞性肺炎、肺不张，由于异常影像间有较大的重叠性，使用CT（即使是增强CT扫描）定位常难以准确划分局部肿瘤与非肿瘤的确切边界[2, 3]；而且CT有时不能确定短径 < 1 cm的淋巴结是否有转移。因此利用CT图像确定靶区边界有一定的局限性。对此，本研究对30例CT难以界定的局部晚期NSCLC进行PET/CT定位扫描，以探讨PET-CT模拟定位与CT定位比较对NSCLC临床分期、放疗靶区大小及周围正常组织的影响。
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When exposed to toxic chemicals or nematicides, nematodes are paralyzed, and some even die, but certain stages like dauers are more resilient to toxicity stress5. Nematodes exposed to a sub-lethal dosage of toxic chemicals often become inactive but are not dead6, for example, ivermectin paralyzes and kills microfilariae in human blood circulation, but does not eradicate adult worms7. Practically, it is difficult to differentiate between live and dead nematodes in the laboratory. However, researchers use the lack of motility or inactivity as an indication of nematode mortality, but sometimes nematodes cease motion and appear to be dead during molting or when exposed to sub-lethal dosages, and this causes errors in manual assessment of nematode mortality6.
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Otra teoría es que las personas tienden a ser susceptibles a la información errónea que concuerda con sus creencias o forma de ver el mundo ya establecidas (3). Un cuerpo de investigación notable ha demostrado que las personas tienden a creer información que confirma sus creencias preexistentes (3). Sin embargo, investigaciones recientes han encontrado que la influencia de las actitudes preexistentes puede ser menor de lo que se pensaba. En un estudio en concreto, las personas con un estilo cognitivo más reflexivo, medido por la prueba de reflexión cognitiva, eran más capaces de discernir entre noticias verdaderas y falsas que las personas con un estilo cognitivo más intuitivo (4). Además, lo importante es que este resultado se daba independientemente de si los titulares de las noticias coincidían con la ideología política de los participantes. La tendencia de una persona a hacer mayor uso de un pensamiento reflexivo también se relaciona con su capacidad para detectar información errónea sobre la COVID-19 (5).
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The RdRp domain of SsDFV2 contains six typical viral RdRp motifs (Figure 4c) and exhibited significant sequence identity (approximately 16%–51%) with the RdRps encoded by viruses from the order Tymovirales (Table 2), and 51% (E-value = 1 × 10−80), 50% (E-value = 4 × 10−73) and 50% (E-value = 2 × 10−81) identity with those of FgDFV1, SlaMFV1, and SsDFV1, respectively.
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A hipertensão é o principal fator de risco global para doença renal crônica e doenças cardiovasculares além de ser a principal causa de morte prematura em todo o mundo.1 O número de adultos com pressão alta aumentou de 594 milhões em 1975 para 1,13 bilhão em 2015.2 A Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) estima que 1 em cada 4 homens e 1 em cada 5 mulheres tinham hipertensão e que, em 2025, 1,56 bilhão de adultos viverão com hipertensão.
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Результаты исследований, рассмотренные в этой статье, показывают реализованные за последние двадцать лет цели в понимании биохимических, генетических ме- ханизмов регулирования метаболизма каротиноидных пигментов в твердой пшенице. Данные, полученные на разнообразном растительном материале с применением современных классов ДНК-маркеров, и согласованные в разнообразных экспериментах генетические карты по- зволили выявить наиболее важные гены, участвующие в контроле биосинтеза, накопления и катаболизма кароти- ноидов. Наиболее изученными и подтвержденными в ряде экспериментов QTL являются те, которые расположены на хромосомах 3AS (связаны с геном LCYE), 7AL и 7BL (оба тесно связаны с аллелями PSY 1). Перспективно для MAS применение маркера LOXA, нацеленного на аллель Lpx-B1.1c для снижения активности липоксиге- назы. Технология MAS с использованием известных для этих QTL маркеров отличается от методов традиционной фенотипической селекции высокой производительностью и эффективностью. В то же время в ряде исследований были представлены данные о том, что большинство QTL не могут быть широко использованы в процедурах MAS, что связано с уровнем их валидации в фенотипических соотношениях в локально адаптированных группах се- лекционного материала (Pozniak et al., 2012).
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50例患者共完成142个周期的化疗（治疗周期数1个-6个），平均化疗周期数为2.84个。50例患者可评价疗效，未见CR患者，10例（20%）PR，24例（48%）SD，16例（32%）PD，ORR为20%（10/50），DCR为68%（34/50）。50例患者按照不同病理类型进行亚组分析，25例腺癌中5例（20%）PR，12例（48%）SD，8例（32%）PD，ORR为20%（5/25），DCR为68%（17/25）；15例鳞癌中4例（26.7%）PR，8例（53.3%）SD，3例（20%）PD，ORR为26.7%（4/15），DCR为80%（12/15）；10例小细胞肺癌中1例（10%）PR，4例（40%）SD，5例（50%）PD，ORR为10%（1/10），DCR为50%（5/10）。按治疗方案不同进行亚组分析，化疗组6例（15.4%）PR，20例（51.3%）SD，13例（33.3%）PD，ORR为15.4%（6/39），DCR为66.7%（26/39）；化疗联合靶向治疗组4例（36.4%）PR，4例（36.4%）SD，3例（27.2%）PD，ORR为36.4%（4/11），DCR为72.2%（8/11），接受化疗联合重组人血管内皮抑制素治疗的患者中有4例腺癌（3例SD，1例PD），2例鳞癌（1例PR，1例SD）和1例小细胞肺癌（PD），接受化疗联合贝伐珠单抗治疗的4例患者均为腺癌（3例PR，1例PD）。一线使用含白蛋白结合型紫杉醇方案治疗（n=8）的ORR为50%（4/8），DCR为62.5%（5/8），二线及以上使用（n=42）ORR为14.3%（6/42），DCR为69.0%（29/42）。
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Szczepienia ochronne są procedurami medycznymi mającymi znaczący wpływ na zdrowie dzieci oraz ochronę przed chorobami zakaźnymi. Stanowią jedno z podstawowych ogniw wielokierunkowej polityki zdrowotnej państwa. Nasz Program Szczepień Ochronnych (PSO) obejmuje szczepienia obowiązkowe dzieci, młodzieży oraz osób szczególnie narażonych na zakażenia. Ta część szczepień wykonywana jest w systemie scentralizowanym. Natomiast szczepienia zalecane, nie finansowane z budżetu Państwa, są realizowane w systemie zdecentralizowanym. Obowiązek poinformowania o szczepieniach z obu tych grup spoczywa na barkach lekarza podstawowej opieki zdrowotnej. Sprawne przeprowadzanie szczepień masowych przyczynia się do wytworzenia odporności populacyjnej, a tym samym do ograniczenia liczby zachorowań na daną chorobę. Wprowadzenie powszechnych szczepień obowiązkowych i konsekwentne egzekwowanie tego obowiązku przez nadzór sanitarno-epidemiologiczny pozwoliło ograniczyć zapadalność na wiele chorób zakaźnych, w tym na błonicę, tężec, wirusowe zapalenie wątroby typu B czy poliomyelitis. Wspólnym sukcesem krajowych programów szczepień, koordynowanych przez World Health Organization (WHO) była światowa eradykacja ospy prawdziwej w roku 1979. Ważnym czynnikiem wpływającym na profilaktykę chorób zakaźnych jest postrzeganie szczepień przez społeczeństwo. Znaczącą rolę odgrywają w tej dziedzinie media, choć sposób przedstawiania problematyki szczepień w prasie, stacjach radiowych czy telewizyjnych nie zawsze jest właściwy i zgodny z aktualną wiedzą medyczną. Prezentowane informacje często kojarzą szczepienia z wieloma chorobami będącymi ubocznymi skutkami immunizacji. Podnoszenie poziomu wiedzy i świadomości społecznej na temat szczepień poprzez środki masowego przekazu oraz intensywniejsze prowadzenie szkoleń z tej dziedziny dla obecnych i przyszłych pracowników ochrony zdrowia powinno przeciwdziałać obniżaniu się liczby osób odmawiających realizacji szczepień ochronnych.
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Our results describe an Erenna-based immunoassay, using mAb 1C22 for capture and fluorescently-labeled mAb 3D6 for detection, which can selectively and sensitively quantify synthetic and natural soluble oAβ of a wide size range. Using this new o-ELISA, we were able to quantify signals from biological samples, including soluble extracts of AD brain and human CSF.
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Our results also demonstrated elastic strain energy recoil directly after the touchdown during running. The recoil of strain energy in this initial stance phase (i.e., 70 to 76 ms) was between 1.7 and 1.9 J. These values are 15 to 20% of the maximum AT strain energy during the stance phase. Therefore, they might be functionally relevant. We can exclude that this initial strain energy recoil might be dissipated by the muscle contractile elements of the triceps surae muscle because in the investigated running velocities, the fascicles of all three muscles of the triceps surae show an active shortening5,7,32. We interpret this finding as the recoil of AT tendon elastic strain energy to the body in this initial phase of stance right after touchown. This phenomenon (i.e., a decrease of AT force and recoil of elastic strain energy after heel contact) has not been mentioned in the literature, and, therefore, the functional consequences for the running task are not known. Komi et al.31, using a force transducer that was surgically implanted in the AT, reported a decrease of AT force directly after the touchdown in rearfoot running and suggested an association with the reduction of TA EMG activity. As the foot contacts the ground, the TA muscle showed a high EMG activity, indicating an active control of the initial plantar flexion through muscular force. The reduction of the AT force after heel contact decreases the internal resultant ankle joint moment, supporting the TA function as a regulator of the ankle joint during the initial part of the stance phase. However, it is difficult to explain the resulting functional consequences of the AT elastic energy recoil in this initial phase because it is unclear where this energy is returned. A recoil of AT strain energy must not necessarily increase the mechanical work/power at the ankle joint but can, for example, be absorbed by the TA tendinous tissues48 or by the elastic structures of the foot arch49,50 and stored as elastic strain energy.
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El protocolo fue revisado y aprobado por el Comité de Ética de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS) y por el Comité Institucional de Ética del Laboratorio Central de Salud Pública de Paraguay. Se garantizó la confidencialidad de los participantes en todos los momentos del desarrollo de la investigación. Se emplearon bases de datos de investigación sin ningún dato que permitiera identificarlos. Las bases contaron con clave de acceso solo disponible para los investigadores.
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Sucht/Konsum wurde von 59 % der Befragten als nicht bedeutsam bezüglich des Studiums eingeschätzt, nur 5 % stuften diesen Gesundheitsbereich hingegen als sehr relevant ein. Im Rahmen der Sozialerhebung des Deutschen Studentenwerks gab 1 % der Befragten an, einen Beratungsbedarf bezüglich Alkohol- oder Drogenkonsum zu haben . Dieser Bedarf weicht der Datenlage zufolge jedoch von der tatsächlichen Konsumprävalenz ab. Substanzkonsum zur Leistungssteigerung (Gehirndoping/Neuroenhancement) wird laut der Umfrage von Middendorf et al. von 5 % der Studierenden praktiziert. Definiert wird Gehirndoping in diesem Fall als die gezielte Einnahme von illegalen Substanzen (Amphetamin, Cannabis etc.) oder von verschreibungspflichtigen Medikamenten (Schlafmittel, Methylphenidat, Antidepressiva etc.) mit dem Ziel der Leistungssteigerung. Diese Zahl steht in Übereinstimmung mit der Anzahl der Befragten in der vorliegenden Untersuchung, die Sucht/Konsum als sehr relevant einschätzten. Andere Studien [24, 30] dokumentieren mit Anteilen zwischen 12 und 16 % eine deutlich größere Prävalenz von studienbezogenem Gehirndoping. Betrachtet man den Konsum psychogener Substanzen aus anderen Gründen als zur Leistungssteigerung, steigen die Zahlen an und liegen teilweise deutlich über dem der gleichaltrigen Allgemeinbevölkerung . In Bezug auf illegale Substanzen wird unter Studierenden am häufigsten zu Cannabis gegriffen. Die Zahlen schwanken zwischen 22 % (12-Monats-Prävalenz; ) und 34 % (3-Monats-Prävalenz; ) für Studierende der Sozialen Arbeit. Die Prävalenzen für legale Substanzen liegen erwartungsgemäß höher. Über die Hälfte der Studierenden wiesen laut der Studie von Ganz et al. einen riskanten Alkoholkonsum im letzten Monat auf. Studierende mit riskantem Konsum zeigen mehr alkoholassoziierte Probleme, die das Studium beeinträchtigen können als diejenigen mit geringem Konsum . Die vorliegende Diskrepanz zwischen teilweise hohem Konsum und relativ geringer Relevanz des Konsums in Bezug auf das Studium, lässt sich u. U. damit erklären, dass den Studierenden die Auswirkungen von beispielsweise Alkohol auf ihr Studium nicht bewusst sind oder dass sie die Folgen des Substanzgebrauchs unterschätzen. Auch unter den Studierenden der FHWS kann zuweilen, aufgrund der geringen Relevanzeinschätzung des Bereichs Sucht/Konsum, eine solche Widersprüchlichkeit angenommen werden.
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For both patients and HCPs the biggest impact of the implementation of DA clinics has been the wholesale shift in review initiation. The DA clinic therefore appears to support recent NHS guidelines that foster greater patient involvement in managing long-term illness as well as NICE guidance for managing rheumatoid arthritis in adults by providing rapid access to treatment and management of disease through active help seeking. Whilst it is important to note that all patients who transferred over to the new system completed an education session which informed them how DA reviews would work, none were offered a structured programme for self-management of disease as suggested in a previous trial or given a guidebook to aid self-management .
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Following negative results of all cattle tested on the farm both 5 and 11 weeks after the disposal of the positive heifer and the absence of a significant Culicoides midge population (i.e., reflecting Regulation 1266/2007: fewer than five parous females caught overnight in any one light trap collection during the surveillance period) the probability of BTV circulation was estimated to be negligible with a high degree of confidence.
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The purpose of this work was to develop a system that can capture real-world falls with high probability, while reducing the number of false alarms. In addition to the inertial measurement unit (accelerometer, gyroscope) data used for the study, mobile phones can also collect location and weather data, as well as responses to survey questions sent to the participants. This data could be uploaded to a remote server for further analysis, including classification of fall types and the activity preceding the fall. This host of information can be used to build better fall monitoring systems, as well as understanding the context where real falls can occur in amputees.
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The most frequently reported types of ACE were emotional neglect with 61.8% prevalence rates in the study population, followed by emotional abuse (25%) and physical neglect (21.1%). Sexual and physical abuse were the least frequent but still reported by over 10% of the study population (see Table 2).
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Long-term contaminated sites may contain many contaminants forming complex mixtures. Metal mixture contamination is different from single metal contamination as different metals may have different kinetics, which will lead to differences in metal concentration ratios in the body compared with external concentrations in exposed organisms. In the mixtures, metal concentration ratios in the body are crucial for determining and understanding toxicity.
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IPA Disease and Function Analysis identified 87 significantly DEGs related to the activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in Npc1−/−/App−/− mice, compared with wild-type controls (Npc1+/+/App+/+; Additional file 10: Figure S10). The combination of IPA Disease and Function Analysis and Upstream Analysis further identified 85 IFN-γ-responsive genes and 35 IFN-α-responsive genes related to antigen presentation in Npc1−/−/App−/− cerebella, highlighting antigen presentation as one of the main inflammatory mechanisms related to APP loss of function in the NPC brain (Additional file 10: Figure S10). More specifically, the activation of dendritic cells was implicated in Npc1−/−/App−/− mouse cerebella, as IPA Disease and Function Analysis unveiled 27 DEGs linked to this pathway (Additional file 11: Figure S11). Of these, 25 were IFN-γ-responsive and 17 were IFN-α-responsive, further validating the notion of IFN exacerbation as a consequence of APP loss of function. Finally, IPA Upstream Analysis showed that genes downstream of the co-stimulatory molecules involved in APC-mediated activation of the adaptive immune system are significantly enriched in Npc1−/−/App−/− cerebella, with 32 DEGs mapping to CD40, 6 mapping to CD86, and 4 mapping to ICAM1 (Additional file 12: Figure S12).
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Six cent soixante-huit cas de cancer de sein ont été diagnostiqué, pour la population féminine l’âge moyen était 51,6 ans avec des extrêmes de (23-89) ans et pour le sexe masculin l’âge moyen était 71 ans avec des extrêmes de (52-85) ans, 98,4% des patients étaient de sexe féminin et 0,9% étaient de sexe masculin, 21,1% des patients étaient nullipares, l’âge moyen de la ménopause était 49,8 ans avec des extrêmes de (24-63) ans et l’âge moyen de la ménarche était 13,5 ans avec des extrêmes de (10-17) ans. La pathologie la plus représentée était la pathologie thyroïdienne (Figure 1). Quatre-vingt-huit pourcent n’avait pas d’antécédent personnel d’une pathologie mammaire, 9% du reste avait subi une tumorectomie, 4% des patients avait un nodule bénigne. Trente et un virgule sept pourcent avait un antécédent de cancer dont le sein représentait 14,1% et l’estomac représentait 9% et le foie représentait 7%. L’autopalpation des seins était le moyen le plus représenté de découverte du cancer (Figure 2), le délai moyen de consultation était 10 mois avec des extrêmes de 1 mois et 132 mois (11 ans), 84,9% étaient sous couverture sociale dont 81,2% étaient des ramédistes.
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Several mechanisms could underlie the possible impact of falls on cognition. First, falls often lead to physical deficits and fear of falling, which may limit physical and social activities, and trigger the development of depressive mood (4–6). These effects are especially marked in the presence of fall-related injuries, which can exacerbate the detrimental consequences of falls on individuals’ physical performance and well-being (7). Previous research has revealed strong association between physical deficits, depressive mood, and cognition, indicating a possible link between falls and cognitive decline (8–10). A study showed that Mexican American older adults who experienced recurrent falls had a steeper cognitive decline over 6 years than those who experienced no falls, and the association was attenuated when adjusted for depressive symptoms (11).
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La consultation de génétique est cruciale dans ces pathologies à grande majorité génétiques . Cependant, seuls 21,7% de nos sujets avaient bénéficié de l'expertise d'un généticien. Cette situation est identique aux trouvailles de Rakotoarison à Madagascar . Cependant, Boy-Lefèvre en France dans son étude, incluait l'examen génétique à la première étape de la prise en charge des maladies rares. Cette différence serait liée à la rareté des généticiens et de laboratoires de génétiques dans notre contexte, et dans tous les pays en voie de développement. L'accessibilité aux tests génétiques est variable dans la littérature . Avec des taux moins bons au sein de groupes vulnérables. La plupart des tests génétiques dans notre série avaient été réalisés grâce à la coopération avec ALMOHA appuyée par une équipe de généticiens français. La consultation d'un spécialiste bucco-dentaire avait été faite par seulement 13,6% des patients de notre série. Ce qui s'expliquerait par un manque de sensibilisation ou d'intérêt des parents à amener leurs enfants au contrôle annuel de routine chez le médecin bucco-dentaire . Cette situation est également déplorée dans diverses études au sein de population vulnérables ou à besoins spécifiques; souvent en rapport avec une insuffisance de ressources financières ou une marginalisation . Hasnaa en 2009 montrait dans son étude que le traitement des affections buccodentaires chez des sujets atteints de déficience physique, alourdissaient le coût de leur prise en charge, alors qu'ils ne bénéficiaient d'aucune aide socio-économique.
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Riskin, Shiff e Shamir,17 constataram, por meio de consulta telefônica que, dentre as 25 UTIs neonatais de Israel, 18 utilizavam NP padronizada. Além disto, entre as sete UTIs neonatais que utilizavam NP individualizada, seis estocavam NP padronizada para finais de semana e período noturno. Em Israel, a maioria das UTIs neonatais é pequena e de médio porte e não há EMTN prontamente disponível. Desta maneira, os autores sugerem a utilização de NP padronizada para a maioria dos neonatos e a NP individualizada para aqueles que necessitarem. Porém, de acordo com a ASPEN,19 em alguns casos, como de neonatos, pacientes pediátricos e críticos, a utilização da NP padronizada pode ser difícil.
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Effect of MRP8 stimulation in combination with ER stress on IL-6 production by muscle cells. (A) MHC class 1 expression on muscle tissue from JDM patient and age- matched control. Bar represents 50 microns. (B) Human skeletal muscle cells LHCNM2 cultured for 2 to 24 hours in 0.05 μM thapsigargin (Thaps), mRNA expression of XBP-1 was determined at indicated times; HPRT mRNA was measured as a control. RT-PCR products were analysed on 1.5% agarose gel and stained with ethidium bromide to visualise spliced (S), 142 bp and un-spliced (US), 168 bp XBP-1 transcripts. (C) Mean IL-6 production by LHCNM2 myoblasts following culture in thapsigargin, stimulated with LPS alone or with LPS following four hours pre-incubation with thapsigargin. Bars represent SEM, data analysed using two-way ANOVA. (D) IL-6 concentration in supernatants from LHCNM2 cells cultured with or without thapsigargin, stimulated with MRP8 or LPS alone, or MRP8 and LPS after four hours pre-incubation with thapsigargin. Bars and lines represent mean and SEM. Data analysed by 1 way ANOVA and paired t test *P <0.05, **P <0.001. ANOVA, analysis of variance; JDM, juvenile dermatomyositis; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; MRP, myeloid related protein; SEM, standard error of the mean; XBP-1, x-box binding protein 1.
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Die Patientin oder der Patient wurde gebeten, im Untersuchungsraum auf dem Untersuchungsstuhl (Abb. 1) Platz zu nehmen, gegenüber einer für die Untersuchung und Gesprächsführung verantwortlichen ärztlichen Lehrkraft. Eine weitere, ebenfalls im Untersuchungsraum befindliche ärztliche Lehrkraft überwachte und koordinierte die technische Übertragung der Bild- und Tonsignale sowie die Kommunikation mit dem im Hörsaal befindlichen Moderator. Die Studierenden saßen in einer Gruppengröße von jeweils 30 Personen unter strenger Berücksichtigung der Hygienevorgaben nach der zum aktuellen Zeitpunkt geltenden Pandemie-Eindämmungsverordnung (Abstand, Maske, Händedesinfektion) in einem Hörsaal mit circa 150 Plätzen.
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To elucidate the cellular mechanism of the regeneration defect, we further characterized both iMDK-treated and mk null (mknull) mutant regenerating limbs (Figure 4). Interestingly, iMDK-treated regenerating limbs had significantly lower percentages of total EdU+ cells during late (14 dpa), but not early stages of limb regeneration (5 dpa) (Figure 4A–B). Furthermore, blastemal cells accumulated at the amputation plane in iMDK-treated limbs even at 40 dpa (Figure 4—figure supplement 1), however blastemal outgrowth never occurred, altogether suggesting that mk is involved in maintenance, but not induction of cellular proliferation. In addition, we observed a significantly thinner wound epidermis in both iMDK-treated and mknull mutant limbs during later stages of regeneration compared to controls (Figure 4C–H). These dual observations indicated a defect in wound epidermis expansion and function during AEC development.
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Um politische Entscheidungsträger zu informieren und die zukünftige Forschung zur Bewegungsförderungspolitik in Deutschland zu unterstützen, gibt dieser Artikel einen Überblick über aktuelle Strukturen, politische Dokumente und Maßnahmen der Bewegungsförderung auf nationaler Ebene. Hierdurch soll eine Art „Bestandsaufnahme“ gelingen, die auch Erfolge und Defizite identifiziert und eine Vergleichbarkeit der Politik in Deutschland mit anderen Nationen, in denen das HEPA PAT bereits angewendet wurde, erlaubt.
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As an initial example, we chose the FG domain of S. cerevisiae Nup100, because it is a well-studied Nup98 homolog that can restore a functional barrier in FG Nup-depleted Xenopus NPCs (Hülsmann et al., 2012), but it has not yet been tested if this domain is also sufficient for assembling a selective hydrogel in vitro. In the first series of experiments, we prepared a 1000 µM Nup100 FG domain stock solution, supplemented by 2 M guanidinium hydrochloride in order to initially keep the domain molecules in a non-interacting state. The solution was then rapidly diluted in 100 volumes of a neutral Tris/NaCl buffer, which lowered the protein concentration to 10 µM and the guanidinium ion concentration to negligible levels (Figure 1A). Remarkably, the Nup100 FG domain solution turned instantaneously turbid, pointing to a very rapid phase-separation and formation of small particles or liquid droplets, which can be easily recovered by centrifugation (Figure 1B). We tried to record a time course of this reaction (by static light scattering) but had to realise that the reaction had already reached its endpoint before we could place samples into the instrument and start the measurement (after 10–30 s).10.7554/eLife.04251.003Figure 1.Dilute Nup100 FG domain solutions spontaneously undergo phase-separation.(A) Illustration of the experimental design. (B) Cohesive FG domains self-assemble into FG phases that can be collected by centrifugation. Two stock protein solutions were prepared in 2 M guanidinium hydrochloride (GuHCl), 100 mM Tris/HCl pH 8.0. They contained 300 µM of a Z-domain tandem fusion (labelled 1:1 with Atto565 maleimide) and 300 µM FG domain from either or Nsp1 (residues 274–601) or Nup100. 5% of the FG domain molecules carried an Atto488 maleimide label. 16.7 µl of each solution was diluted with 500 µl 50 mM Tris/HCl pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl (TBS). Photographs show test tubes after ultracentrifugation (100,000×g, 30 min), illuminated at 366 nm. Note that the Nup100 FG domain pelleted, while the non-cohesive Nsp1 FG repeats and the globular ZZ-domain remained soluble. (C) FG particle formation at different concentrations. Label-free ScNsp1276-601 and ScNup100 FG domains were diluted from 400 µM stocks (in 2 M GuHCl) to the indicated concentrations with TBS. Formed particles were analysed by Dynamic light scattering (DLS) using a DynaPro NanoStar instrument (Wyatt Technologies). Two data sets, comprising each 100 acquisitions à 5 s, were averaged for each dilution. The Dynamics 7.1.5 software was used for autocorrelation analysis and computation of size distributions. (D) Confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CLSM) images showing an overview and zoom-in of ScNup100 FG particles. (E) FG particles exclude inert molecules. Particles were formed with 10 µM ScNup100 FG domain and 0.5 µM Atto390-tracer. Particles were mixed with Alexa488-labeled maltose binding protein (MBP), which remained excluded from the particle and thus qualified as an internal standard for Alexa488 fluorescence. (F) Estimation of FG domain concentration within FG particles. Particles were formed with 10 µM unlabelled, 0.5 µM Atto390- and 14 nM Alexa488-labelled ScNup100 FG-domain. CLSM images were taken after adding different dilutions of MBP-Alexa488, which served as an internal fluorescence standard. Correlating extra-particle Alexa488 signals (originating from MBP) with the known supplied MBP concentrations and matching them with the intra-particle Alexa488 signals (originating from 1/715th of the FG-domain molecules) suggests that an average particle contains ≈4.5 mM (≈275 mg/ml) FG-domain. This corresponds to ≈200 mM FG motifs.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.04251.003
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A faixa etária prevalente de uso da AE neste estudo corrobora a Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde da Criança e da Mulher14 e o estudo de Borges et al.9. Ter a primeira relação sexual mais jovem foi fator independente associado ao uso da AE, resultado encontrado por meio de análise multivariada. Essa associação também foi observada por Bastos15, com alunas do curso de enfermagem, e por Borges et al.9, que encontraram associação entre uso da AE e ter a primeira relação sexual aos 17 e 18 anos ou menos, respectivamente. Nesse contexto, recomenda-se atenção especial às mulheres que iniciaram a vida sexual mais cedo, fornecendo orientações adequadas ao uso racional do método. Considerando esses achados, é preciso avaliar a necessidade de educação sexual durante os ensinos fundamental e médio, a fim de abordar as práticas contraceptivas de forma precoce e elucidativa.
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Die drei Beiträge des abschließenden Themenblockes befassen sich mit übergreifenden Fragestellungen der Qualitätssicherung und des Qualitätsmanagements. Im ersten Beitrag analysieren Georg Marckmann (München) und Jan Schildmann (Halle) die ethischen Dimensionen der Qualitätssicherung und des Qualitätsmanagements. Dabei wird zum einen die Frage diskutiert, welche ethischen Anforderungen als Qualitätsmerkmale in der Gesundheitsversorgung zu berücksichtigen sind. Anschließend werden ethisch relevante Herausforderungen bei der Bestimmung der Qualität im Gesundheitswesen identifiziert und die Vermittlung professioneller Kompetenzen in der medizinischen Ausbildung als möglicher Beitrag zu Qualität und Qualitätssicherung im Gesundheitswesen erörtert.
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Li et al. in 2015 observed that silencing CS genes JcCASA163 and JcCASD168 resulted in the reduction of PE accumulation in J. curcas seeds. This was the first evidence that this step could be important for the regulation of PE biosynthesis . Therefore, we were interested to evaluate if the abundance of CS enzymes is related to the regulation of this pathway. Here, we monitored the identification of peptides from the CS gene model Jcr4S01081.10, which shows high similarity with JcCASA163. The quantification of peptide YGDGYTDSSQLK did not show any difference in abundance between the two genotypes. Our result indicates that the abundance of this CS enzyme isoform is not related to the regulation PE biosynthesis pathway. These results show the relevance to evaluate the gene expression assays using protein level data.
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There are two types of hydrogen bonds in the presented structures. The first type is conventional hydrogen bonds, with a bond length less than 3 Å, which have the most significant energy contribution to the ΔGbind energy. The neutral form of quercetin acts both as donor and acceptor of hydrogen bonds. The oxygen atoms are acceptors of hydrogen bonds in interactions with A:ASN 310 (2.01 Å), while hydrogen atoms are donated to A:TYR 571 (bifurcated geometry, 2.25 and 2.10 Å), A:GLY 307 (2.33 Å), and A:ASP 530 (2.19 Å). Once Q− is formed some of the hydrogen bonds are changed, and a new one is formed with A:LYS 449 (2.61 Å), and one of the bonds with A:TYR 571 is lost. Further deprotonation of this molecule, leads to the decrease in hydrogen bond number, namely only three are formed between Q2− and A:ALA 532 (2.09 Å), A:TYR 313 (1.80 Å), and A:GLY 307 (3.05 Å). When values for the number of hydrogen bonds and their distances are correlated to the binding energies for acid–base from Table 1, it is clear that with the decrease in number and increase in distance the value of ΔGbind decreases. BZF is a much more flexible molecule than Q with an additional oxygen atom, therefore the number of formed hydrogen bonds increases. A total of six conventional hydrogen bonds are formed with A:GLY 265, A:ASN 310, A:ALA 532, A:PRO 266, A:GLY 307, and A:GLY 271, all of which are below 3 Å. Only two amino acid residues are the same for neutral forms of Q and BZF. During the deprotonation of BZF, the total number of hydrogen bonds remains almost unchanged due to the flexibility of the molecule. The average bond length changes with deprotonation, 2.24 Å (BZF), 2.29 Å (BZF−), and 1.98 Å (BZF2−) which explains the relative order of the binding energies from Table 1.
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As células foram cultivadas em um meio Eagle modificado por Dulbecco com baixo teor de glicose, contendo 10% de soro fetal bovino, 0,1% de fungizona, 1% de penicilina/estreptomicina, 1mM de piruvato de sódio e 4mM de L-glutamina em 5% de CO2/95% de ar. O meio foi substituído a cada 2 dias, até a confluência (após 8 a 14 dias). Atingida a confluência, a remoção das células dos frascos foi realizada por tripsinização. Para tanto, a tripsina/EDTA (0,25%) foi adicionada aos frascos por 5 minutos, a 37°C, com subsequente inativação da enzima por DNAse (10mM) e centrifugação (2.500rpm, 10 minutos, 25°C). As células foram, então, suspensas no meio de cultura. Após a tripsinização, 10μL da suspensão foram quantificados por meio de uma câmara de Neubauer, um microscópio inverso e um contador de células. A quantidade total de células foi de 72x104 células/mL. Após as diluições, as células foram incubadas em placa de 24 poços, chegando à concentração final de 18.000 células/poço, o que permitiu a observação e a contagem das células.
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There are two general ice nucleation mechanisms, homogenous and heterogeneous crystallization. Homogeneous crystallization occurs due to random aggregation of interior water molecules to create a critically large nucleus of ice crystal, which could only be achieved and observed below −20 °C24. Heterogeneous crystallization, on the other hand, stems from ice nucleus formation catalyzed by a substrate and/or with the aid of foreign objects at much higher temperatures25. Consequently, water freezing is generally initiated by heterogeneous nucleation, and the water/air interface is the primary nucleation site as revealed in theoretical26,27, experimental14,28, and numerical29,30 studies.
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De behandeling van benigne prostaathyperplasie met transprostatische implantaten is tot op heden veelal onder algehele anesthesie of sedatie toegepast. Met de toegenomen druk op OK-faciliteiten en om de behandeling maximaal minimaal invasief te maken, onderzochten we of deze behandeling ook onder lokale anesthesie goed kon worden uitgevoerd.
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La mastite granulomateuse est une entité peu connue, souvent confondue avec la mastite carcinomateuse. L´examen anatomopathologique des lésions confirme le diagnostic. Le traitement est médical associant antibiotiques et anti-inflammatoires. Il est chirurgical dans les formes abcédées.
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The mRNAs for PRL and LH-β were also first isolated from the pituitary in order to compare these sequences with placental isolates. Both of these sequences shared considerable protein identity with that of the brushtail possum (97% each; Table 1; Additional file 1, Figure S1) and other mammals. The inferred PRL protein had many conserved structural features including 6 cysteine residues which form 3 disulfide bridges that are important for the 3-dimensional structure of the protein, as well as 15 amino acids which are necessary for receptor binding . Similarly, the inferred LH-β glycoprotein contained several conserved elements including cysteine residues necessary for binding to the LH-α chain (Additional file 2, Figure S2). Placental PRL and LH-β mRNA were expressed from day 18 to 25 of pregnancy in both tri- and bilaminar yolk sac placenta (652 and 509 base pairs, respectively; Figure 1; Figure 2). The placental mRNA sequences for PRL and LH-β encompassed most of the ORFs of these genes similar to GH and spanned multiple introns. Placental PRL and LH-β isolates were identical to the pituitary isolates.
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Such data suggest that the rise in preterm birth may not be such a bad thing. It may reflect better obstetrical care with more sensitive assessments of fetal distress. When coupled with excellent neonatal intensive care, it may lead to improved outcomes for babies compared to an approach to obstetrics that is oriented towards maximizing rates of term birth.
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A ketogenic diet (KD) is one of the most effective diet regimes that has proven to be very effective for rapid weight loss. This approach recognizes the predominant source of energy in ketone bodies deriving from lipid metabolism when carbohydrates are absent or low . High-fat KD was used in 1921 to treat epilepsy because it was documented that abnormally high levels of ketone bodies ameliorated seizures ; this kind of KD is known as “standard KD”. A modified KD, characterized by a low intake of both carbohydrates and lipids, known as very low-calorie (<800 kcal per day) ketogenic diet (VLCKD), is used as an effective regimen for weight loss because of the ability of ketone bodies to suppress appetite, allowing a very small calorie intake. Another important feature of KD is the fact that, thanks to an adequate protein intake (0.8–1.5 g per kilogram of ideal body weight), lean mass is preserved.
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The ELF6, REF6, and JMJ13 proteins belong to the plant-specific KMD4 subfamily, which is present in land plants but not in green algae (Lu et al., 2008; Qian et al., 2015). REF6 contains JmjN, JmjC, and C2H2-type zinc-finger (ZnF) domains (Figure 1A). The REF6 protein characteristically possesses four tandem repeats of the ZnF domain. These domains are essential for REF6 function, as complementation of the ref6 mutant through the introduction of REF6 without a ZnF domain fails to rescue the ref6 mutant phenotype. Some histone demethylases, such as KDM2, interact with chromatin via direct binding to DNA through ZnF domains. ZnF is one of the largest class of DNA-binding domains. Consistent with this, REF6 functions as a DNA sequence–specific H3K27me3 demethylase. Genome-wide REF6 binding studies and crystal structure analysis revealed that the ZnF domains of REF6 recognize the CTCTGYTY DNA motif for H3K27me3 removal (Figures 1B, 2A) (Cui et al., 2016; Li et al., 2016; Tian et al., 2020). The ZnF domains of REF6 complex with NAC004 double-stranded (ds) DNA by forming a half-cross-braced structure (Figure 1B). Interactions at the interface between REF6 and dsDNA, such as hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions, and hydrophobic interactions, strengthen their binding. dsDNA binding induces profound conformation changes (Tian et al., 2020). Conformational plasticity of DNA allows REF6 to recognize diverse target genes.
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HB_3 hydrogen bonding is produced only through the interaction of pair 1 in 3-OH oxygen with 6′-H, this interaction is weak because of the large energy difference and the poor orbital overlapping between the acceptor and donor orbitals. HB_4 and HB_5 were not considered as true H-bonds from the AIM viewpoint, because of the absence of BCPs, in spite of the remarkable large energy stabilization reported in Figure 7. Results reported in Table 6 using NBO method are in full agreement with those obtained with AIM, donor/acceptor interactions for these hydrogen bonds are carried out only through pair 1 in the corresponding hydroxyl oxygen, and these interactions are not very effective mainly because of the poor orbital overlap between donor/acceptor orbitals, as the very low Fij values show. Moreover, results using AIM and NBO approaches are in full agreement with geometrical parameters reported in Tables 4 and 6 together with vibrational frequencies reported in Figure 6 and along the text: The interatomic O-H distances are 5-OH (HB_1) > 3-OH (HB_2) > 3′-OH, 4′-OH, 5′-OH (HB_4 and HB_5), Table 4. Moreover, these distances for 3′-OH, 4′-OH, 5′-OH are almost equal to those for 7-OH, for which no hydrogen bonding is present.Vibrational frequencies of OH groups are 5-OH (HB_1) < 3-OH (HB_2) < 3′-OH, 4′-OH, 5′-OH (HB_4 and HB_5), Table 4. Moreover, these frequencies for 3′-OH, 4′-OH, 5′-OH are almost equal to those for 7-OH, for which no hydrogen bonding is present.The donor/acceptor distances are HB_1 < HB_2 < HB_4, HB_5, Table 4.The donor/acceptor angles are HB_1 > HB_2 > HB_4, HB_5, Table 4.NBO results, Table 6, shows E(2) and Fij values HB_1 > HB_2 > HB_4, HB_5.
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Example of histograms of the ratio of the spectra derived from the recorded small-scale shear data (Sexp) and computed with the Panchev–Kesich model (Sthe), and the theoretical χ62 probability distribution functions (blue line), for the eight first 30-m segments in one single profile. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)
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To obtain the best sensing performance, the influences of the accumulation time and Apt concentration for Apt immobilization, and the incubation time for Pb2+ sensing reaction on the voltammetric response of the resulting sensor in 10 mM Tris buffer were examined (Figure 3). The voltammetric response increased with the increasing time for the immobilization of the Apt up to 30 min; afterward the response was saturated (Figure 3a), implying the maximum immobilization of Apt on ERGO/GCE surface. Thus, 30 min was selected for accumulation time for sensor preparation. In addition, with the increasing incubation time for Pb2+ detection, the voltammetric response increased and tended to a steady value at 20 min (Figure 3b). Thus, 20 min was enough for the reaction. As shown in Figure 3c, for an Apt concentration, we found the best analytical performance in 1 µM. Therefore, we optimized the working conditions of electrochemical sensing for the next application.
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Co-circulation and co-infection with various dengue serotypes are common as has been reported from India and Brazil (15). Our study has also shown co-circulation in the course of outbreaks. The difference in the ability of different serotypes of dengue virus to infect the host may also be due to genomic differences. Patients with multiple-serotype infection may present with a more severe condition than those with single-serotype infection and has been reported to progress towards DHF (16). However, our report has shown that such a hospitalized patient may also display more common conditions and can recover within 6 days from the onset of fever.
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El principal factor de riesgo es la gravedad de la condición de base del paciente, la cual usualmente se valora con la puntuación de la Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II), cuyo uso ha sido validado en las unidades de cuidados intensivos, aunque en muchos estudios se ha usado para todos los pacientes.
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MM-P, VP, and FA conceived the project, designed the experiments, and wrote the manuscript. CG-M conducted the in situ hybridization experiments with the assistance from MM-P. RN and JM generated and characterized alkbh9a, alkbh9c, and all possible alkbh9 double and triple mutant plant combinations. MM-P conducted the rest of the experiments with assistance from LA-M. All authors analyzed and discussed the results, and corrected the manuscript.
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L’âge > 50 ans, le niveau d’instruction, la posture figée, penchée en avant pendant la conduite et le mauvais état des amortisseurs étaient associé à la survenue des lombalgies chez les conducteurs (p<0.001). Ces facteurs associés sont résumés dans le Tableau 3.
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