Datasets:
rntc
/
pubmed-alpha0.3-0.01p

Dataset card Data Studio Files
xet
Community
2
text
stringlengths
164
66.8k
The Life Acceptance Measure (LAM; Wong, 2019a) is a new 9-item measure with statements on a 5-point Likert scale (1 being strongly disagree and 5 being strongly agree), with a Cronbach's alpha score of a = 0.82 (see Supplementary Material). The scores are added, and a total is obtained. The maximum score is a total of 45.
The CAFs-derived exosomes also have a crucial role in inducing metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells, which is a hallmark of cancer development. The CAFs-derived exosomes of prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer and breast cancer have the function in downregulating the mitochondrial function of the cancer cells by inhibiting oxygen consumption rate (OCR) [130, 162]. In prostate cancer, several miRNAs contained in CAFs-derived exosomes were found to have the ability to downregulate mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and reprogram metabolic pathways in cancer cells, such as mir-22, let7a and mir-125b . In breast cancer, the CAFs-derived exosomal small nucleolar RNA host gene 3 (SNHG3), which is a lncRNA that acts as a molecular sponge of miR-330-5p to up-regulate pyruvate kinase M1/M2 (PKM) expression, can lead the inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and enhanced breast tumor cell proliferation . Moreover, the inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation by CAFs-derived exosomes is associated with a compensatory increase in glycolysis (i.e., the Warburg effect) [130, 162]. Specially, the exosomes can decrease the percentage conversion of glucose to α-ketoglutarate and instead divert it towards lactate in cancer cells.
Para a realização da IFI, utilizaram-se kits diagnóstico com neutrófilos humanos fixados com etanol (Euroimmun®, Alemanha). Neste ensaio, o soro dos pacientes foi adicionado à lâmina com substrato pré-fixado. Em uma segunda etapa, anticorpos marcados com fluoresceína (conjugados) e direcionados contra os anticorpos do paciente foram adicionados. As lâminas foram lidas ao microscópio por dois observadores independentes e classificadas em “não reagentes” (quando não se observou fluorescência) ou “reagentes” (quando se observou fluorescência). As amostras “reagentes” foram classificadas em três padrões possíveis de fluorescência: cANCA, pANCA ou aANCA. O padrão cANCA é detectado pela fluorescência no citoplasma dos neutrófilos segmentados; o pANCA apresenta fluorescência em torno do núcleo dos neutrófilos; já o aANCA revela diferentes padrões ou uma combinação dos padrões anteriores.
In recent years, many studies have shown that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) affect tumor occurrence and development and patient outcomes [5, 6]. For example, patients with fewer CYP2A6 rs3212986 variants responded better to cisplatin plus S-1 treatment and had longer overall survival . Inter-individual variation in drug-metabolizing enzymes and the nucleotide excision repair (NER) system may affect anticancer drug efficacy by influencing DNA repair or related enzyme activities . Additionally, Choi et al reported that genetic variations in genes that encode drug transporters influenced drug responses in patients treated with docetaxel . Overexpression of MRP transporters and gankyrin contributes to arsenic trioxide resistance in liver and GC cells . ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 (ABCC2), a member of the MRP transporter family that encodes multidrug resistance-associated protein 2, functions as an organic anion transporter . The ABCC2-24C > T polymorphism increased responses to platinum-based chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer . Many recent studies have also found that genes involved in DNA detoxification (e.g., glutathione S-transferases [GSTs] and excision repair cross-complementing 1 [ERCC1]) play a role in the effects of platinum, while methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and thymidylate synthase (TS) affect 5-Fu metabolism [8–10]. A meta-analysis revealed that polymorphisms in ERCC1, GSTs, TS, and MTHFR were closely associated with clinical outcomes in GC patients treated with platinum/5-FU-based chemotherapy . X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1 (XRCC1) polymorphisms were also associated with response to platinum-based NAC in cervical cancer patients .
1895. Il libro dei Coleotteri. Iconografia dei principali coleotteri italiani e dell più importanti specie Europee affini. Preceduta da notizie generali sugli insetti e principalmente sui coleotteri nonchè da indicazioni sulla raccolta, la preparazione, la coservazione e lo studio di questi. Opera illustrata da 50 ricche tavole in cromolitografia rappresentanti oltre 1300 specie, e da 179 incisioni intercalate nel testo. Ulrico Hoepli, Milano. ix + + 244 pp. + 50 [i–ii, 1–48] pls. (8vo) [DP: 1896 (title page), 15 October 1895 (Bibl Ital-2), November 1895 (Nat Nov)] NCSU, GDZ
The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Rwanda national ethical committee and the research commission of University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, in February 2007, with annual evaluation of the study progress. An informed consent has been obtained, with a written and signed document, for each participant in this cohort study.
Możliwe efekty leczenia zaostrzenia zmian oskrzelowo-płucnych w przebiegu mukowiscydozy wpływające na niejednorodność wentylacji płuc (LCI − ang. lung clearence index − wskaźnik oczyszczania płuc ) oraz czynnościową pojemność zalegającą (FRC − ang. functional residual capacity) wg :
Als Technik zur Wiedererlangung von Alltagsfähigkeiten kann das „Pacing“ eingesetzt werden (s. Kap. 12):Belastungsbeginn: Spazieren (langsame Steigerung von Spazierdauer und Tempo etc.), langsame Steigerung der alltäglichen Belastung (vom Kochen zum Einkaufen, vom Zusammenräumen zum Putzen)Bei Verschlechterung der Symptome: Pause und Rückkehr zum absolvierbaren Niveau nach Abklingen der akuten Beschwerdesymptomatik („Symptomtitriertes Training“)Dies gilt analog für kognitive Leistungen und mentale und emotionale BelastungenPhysio- Ergo-, und/oder klinisch-psychologische Unterstützung kann nach Bedarf angeboten werden.Persönliche Leistungs- bzw. Belastungsgrenzen müssen grundsätzlich respektiert werden.Zu beachten ist auch, dass Reizüberflutung vermieden werden sollte (Pausen, Schlafhygiene, „Bildschirmhygiene“ etc.)
Concluzii: Nu avem suficiente date imagistice și clinice legate de existența unor fracturi de stress, frecvent bilaterale apărute în urma unor traumatisme minore sau absența lor, pacienta neprezentând o accentuare a sindrom algic bilateral înainte de ultimul eveniment.
No final da década de 1980, Barker et al.(1) foram pioneiros em mostrar que baixo peso ao nascer estava associado a um risco aumentado de morte na vida adulta, e, desde então, existe a hipótese de que o ambiente intrauterino, assim como o período de desenvolvimento inicial, sejam responsáveis pelas respostas de adaptação que poderiam predizer o risco de surgimento de algumas doenças posteriormente. Alguns anos depois, Hales e Barker(2) desenvolveram a “hipótese do fenótipo poupador”, que atualmente é a essência da teoria das origens de saúde e doença no desenvolvimento (DOHaD, developmental origins of health and disease).(3,4)
El indicador específico de la fertilidad utilizado fue el total de hijos nacidos vivos (HNV). La variable dependiente fue el número total de HNV durante la edad fértil de la mujer hasta el momento de la entrevista y se calculó considerando a todos los hijos, incluidos los que fallecieron en los períodos perinatal y neonatal. La variable se originó a partir de las siguientes preguntas: ¿Ha tenido alguna hija o hijo nacido vivo?; ¿Cuántas hijas o hijos viven con usted?; ¿Cuántas hijas o hijos no están viviendo con usted?; ¿Cuántas hijas o hijos han muerto?; y se estratificó en las siguientes categorías: ningún hijo, de uno hasta tres hijos y de cuatro a más hijos. Las variables independientes fueron conceptualizadas teniendo en cuenta el modelo de Bongaarts, que incluye el análisis de dos grupos de factores, los directos y los indirectos (3, 4).
Evidence suggests that the invasiveness of malignant gliomas, which mimic the migration attributes of NSCs, could be therapeutically controlled by modifying the intracellular systems or molecular pathways. Moreover, glioma-derived cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are regarded to be a counterpart of primary NSCs in normal brain, have subsequently been shown to be resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy . Glioma CSCs are key players in tumor initiation, therapeutic resistance, and tumor recurrence [4, 15–22] and are also related to glioblastoma heterogeneity. GBM is genotypically and phenotypically heterogeneous, which is a major factor in its poor response to various therapies. It is reported that even single cell-derived subclones from a patient can produce phenotypically heterogeneous self-renewing progenies in both in vitro and in vivo settings . Several therapeutic strategies targeting glioma CSCs have been proposed to effectively control the disease progression [24–30].
Annual FD personnel, injuries, and workers’ compensation claims and costs are listed in Table 2. Comparing the average of pre-intervention years (2004–2009) and post-intervention years (2010–2013), there was a 3% decline in FD personnel, a 13% decline in all reported injuries, a 30% decline in claims frequency, and a 21% decrease in mean workers’ compensation claims costs.Table 2FD workers’ compensation claims and costs (total incurred), 2004–2013Frequency countTotal Incurred, $USYearPersonnelInjuriesClaimsMean (SD)MedianMaxTotal20045301261234009 (12,138)779122,964493,04820055771261172986 (8786)43870,343349,08220066251481535414 (29,792)787358,468828,28120076591741993929 (10,059)72093,576781,86520086941991482543 (7191)72455,174376,36820096671241283532 (9552)54568,103452,041Pre-intervention average6251501453780 (15.256)664358,468546,83120106541431152393 (5825)40639,768275,13820116051401117078 (17,708)971108,181785,6362012589110862941 (8168)54947,408252,8882013590128924496 (12,680)741101,956413,607Post-intervention average6101301014275 (12,212)642108,181431,817All years6190141812723937 (14,356)661358,4685,007,954
Accidentul vascular cerebral şi urmările lui clinico-funcţionale sunt cele mai importante cauze ale dizabilităţii pe termen lung în Europa, fiind astfel o provocare pentru toţi medicii specialişti de recuperare. Clinica noastră tratează lunar 10-15 cazuri de pacienţi post accident vascular din faza post-acută până la cronică. Mai mult de jumătate dintre aceştia se confruntă cu o creştere a spasticităţii care le amplifică nivelul de dizabilitate.
Usually, the specific surface area of thick GO dispersions is degraded. Teradal et al. proposed to use the porous GO scaffold for increasing the specific surface area. In their approach, the porous GO scaffold was functionalized by phenyl, dodecyl, or ethanol depending on different target gases. For NH3 sensing, phenyl was used. Designing appropriate structures (such as nanomesh or nanoribbon) can also increase the specific surface area of graphene or the edges of graphene. Based on the CVD-G film, Paul et al. constructed a nanomesh graphene sensor by combining polystyrene nanosphere lithography and reactive ion etching. The sensor exhibited a sensitivity of 0.71%/ppm towards NH3 with a limit detection of 160 ppb at room temperature. This value is significantly better than its film counterpart due to more edges of the nanomesh graphene. Three-dimensional (3D) structures may be another pathway to increase the specific surface area of graphene .
首先使用流式细胞检测法分析来自于49例晚期肺腺癌患者的外周血的CD3+、CD4+、CD8+和CD8+CD28+、CD8+CD28-、CD4+CD25+T细胞占外周血淋巴细胞的比例，并与正常人进行比较。CD3+CD4+T为辅助T淋巴细胞，CD3+CD8+T为抑制T淋巴细胞。正常情况下，CD3+CD8+和CD3+CD4+之间保持着动态平衡，CD4+/CD8+下降表示患者处于免疫抑制状态。CD8+T细胞根据CD28的表达与否分为抑制性T细胞（Ts，人类表型为CD8+CD28-）和杀伤性T细胞（Tc，人类表型为CD8+CD28+）。CD8+CD28-T细胞存在于肿瘤组织中，是一群终末分化的细胞，被认为具有抑制T、B细胞活性和介导细胞毒活性的功能。CD4+CD25+T（Treg）细胞是一类具有负免疫调节作用的T淋巴细胞亚群。Treg细胞可以抑制识别自身肿瘤细胞的效应细胞的发育和活化，在介导机体肿瘤免疫耐受中起重要作用。近年来研究表明，许多恶性肿瘤患者外周血和肿瘤局部微环境中的Treg细胞比例都明显增高，且数量还与患者肿瘤进展程度和预后呈负相关。控制Treg的数量和功能有可能是肿瘤免疫治疗的新策略。
We see an increase in seedling emergence and additive effect of accumulating favorable alleles using the consistent markers identified across years in the DP. In contrast, in the BLs, there was an additive effect of accumulating favorable alleles for the consistent markers identified over populations. The difference between the two sets of markers was that the consistent markers over populations were exclusively located on chromosome 5A, whereas the consistent markers over years were located on various chromosomes. All the consistent markers displayed high frequencies in both populations, which demonstrated the success of accumulating favorable alleles through traditional phenotypic selection.
Young and old C57/BL6/J and NLRP3−/− transgenic mice (C57BL/6J background), weighing 25–30 g, were maintained on a regular 12 hr light/dark cycle. Mice were housed in groups of four to eight same‐sex littermates under specific pathogen‐free conditions. Individuals were monitored daily and weighed monthly, but were otherwise left undisturbed until they died. Survival was assessed using male and female mice, and all animals were dead by the time of this report. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were constructed using known birth and death dates, and differences between groups were evaluated using the logrank test.
端粒酶在维持长度、保持染色体稳定性方面有重要作用，在绝大多数肿瘤细胞中都有端粒酶高表达，正常细胞中端粒酶不表达或低表达。在正常组织和肿瘤组织中端粒酶表达、端粒长度和细胞动力学的差别显示出以端粒酶作为治疗靶点会相对安全，抑制端粒酶能有效提高耐药细胞对化疗药物的敏感性，针对端粒酶的反义治疗有利于逆转肿瘤细胞对化疗药物的耐药性[10, 11]，提示端粒酶抑制剂可治疗肿瘤并有可能逆转肿瘤细胞耐药。本实验利用实时荧光定量RT-PCR法检测hTERT mRNA表达，证实端粒酶可能参与了人肺腺癌Anip973/ NVB细胞的MDR，提示可将端粒酶作为逆转耐药的新靶点，至于如何利用端粒酶抑制剂逆转耐药及如何将其应用于临床仍需在今后的研究中进一步探索。
A sarcopenia foi condição nutricional também evidenciada nesses pacientes. Dentre os participantes do estudo, 62,5% apresentaram sarcopenia e 48,6% daqueles que declararam alteração da capacidade funcional pelo ASG-PPP também se encontrava sarcopênicos. Esse resultado corroborou outro estudo, no qual 50,6% daqueles que aguardavam o TCTH apresentaram-se com sarcopenia e capacidade funcional significativamente mais baixa (p=0,022).( 20 )Esta condição foi comum entre esses pacientes, pelo fato de a doença hematológica ser, muitas vezes, maligna, cursando com caquexia, caracterizada por depleção muscular.( 21 )
Обнаружена динамика возрастания количества липидов от незрелых ооцитов к зрелым, наблюдавшаяся при обеих диетах. Но более выраженной эта зависимость была при диете с повышенным содержанием жира. Действительно, жирные кислоты, имеющиеся в крови матери, ответствен- ны за липидный профиль фолликулярной жидкости, из которой они поступают в ооцит через окружающие его клетки кумулюса (Valckx et al., 2014). Ранее с помощью микро- и спектроскопических методов были исследованы распределение, локализация и размер липидных гранул в процессе созревания ооцитов мышей (Dunning et al., 2014; Bradley et al., 2016). В частности, при использовании когерентного антистоксового комбинационного рассеяния выявлено возрастание размера и числа агрегированных ЛГ при созревании ооцитов мышей как in vivo, так и in vitro (Bradley et al., 2016). Сходная закономерность отмечена в работе на крупном рогатом скоте: полуколичественным методом с применением КЛСМ и флуорохрома BODIPY продемонстрировано достоверное возрастание внутрикле- точных липидов при созревании ооцитов in vitro, хотя при созревании ооцитов in vivo наблюдалась лишь тенденция к такому возрастанию (Collado et al., 2017).
De noodzaak ontstond om meer inzicht te geven in de maatschappelijke waarde van sporten en bewegen. Het Kenniscentrum Sport en Bewegen heeft aan Rebel en het Mulier Instituut gevraagd de omvang van de SROI van sport en bewegen in Nederland te berekenen en de kosten en opbrengsten zo veel mogelijk in euro’s uit te drukken . Deze SROI geeft de maatschappelijke kosten en opbrengsten weer die gerelateerd zijn aan mensen die sporten en bewegen, en de afweging van die kosten en opbrengsten.
Der akute HKS gehört nach wie vor zu den häufigsten Todesursachen weltweit. Verschiedene Krankheitsbilder können zu einem therapierefraktären Atem- und/oder Herz-Kreislauf-Versagen führen. In den meisten Fällen ist der Auslöser eine kardiale Grunderkrankung, z. B. eine koronare Herzkrankheit, die in ihrem schwersten Verlauf einen akuten Myokardinfarkt mit Herzstillstand auslösen kann.
A associação da circunferência da cintura dos trabalhadores classificados em risco substancialmente aumentado (indicador de obesidade central ou abdominal) com a média de SO manteve-se estatisticamente significativa na análise univariada até o modelo final da regressão de Poisson, com AR de 15,59%. Magnago et al.25 constataram que quase metade dos trabalhadores de enfermagem de um grande hospital universitário do Rio Grande do Sul estava acima do peso ideal, e esse dado foi associado significativamente aos relatos de dor em articulações e coluna lombar.
We obtained two results: (1) although spatial sorting is considerable, children whose families move earlier to areas where residents (of all faiths or of their religion only) have higher IM are more likely to complete primary school and (2) regional childhood exposure effects are comparable for Christians and Muslims.
Martins et al.20 (2014), relatam que segundo a percepção dos usuários, os fatores que podem garantir uma melhor qualidade dos serviços públicos de saúde, em todas as complexidades, incluem diminuir o tempo de espera e a facilidade para agendar consulta em serviço especializado, corroborando os resultados deste estudo. A qualidade aferida pela percepção do usuário baseia-se no conceito que o usuário tem em relação ao fato de um serviço responder ou não às necessidades de cuidado17,21. Ou seja, os usuários realizam comparações entre o desempenho dos serviços e suas expectativas. Os resultados são bons quando a qualidade percebida é obtida22,23.
The Ews (+/−) mice developed normally and were hypersensitive to ionizing radiation. The loss of EWS protein resulted in reduced lamin A/C expression. The EWS is essential in pre-B cell development and meiosis and is involved in cellular senescence, DNA-pairing, and recombination/repair mechanisms .
Most of the metabolites that showed differences between both genders and, specifically, those that helped to explain the capacity of the female rats fed a cafeteria diet to keep the homeostatic equilibrium of the hepatic metabolism, were both directly and/or indirectly related to VLDL packaging. The most abundant phospholipid in the VLDLs is PC, representing 70% of phospholipids . PC is not only the most abundant phospholipid in VLDL but is also required for its assembly . Hence, reduced levels of hepatic PC are associated with an impairment in VLDL secretion from the liver . In control animals of both genders, there was no difference between the ZTs in PC. Otherwise, the obese female rats exhibited daily variations in PC with higher concentrations at ZT15, whereas the obese male rats did not show differences at all. Furthermore, the PC concentration in CAF-fed male rats was lower than that in STD-fed male rats. Since low levels of PC have been associated with fatty acid liver disease , our results suggest that obese male rats have a higher degree of steatosis-lipid accumulation than obese female animals, which can maintain the homeostatic rhythmicity of PC.
• Nurse 1 suggested that a significant proportion of the population of the Dumfries and Galloway health board are elderly pensioners, from a wide range of socio-economic backgrounds. As a consequence, many patients coming to the clinic were elderly patients with one or more chronic conditions or morbidities (e.g. hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases and cancer).
In the second part of this study, the transfer of p5876 under the selective pressure of a cefotaxime treatment was assessed. E. coli MB6212 (107 CFU/mL) were inoculated in the stomach vessel immediately after cefotaxime treatment ([max. final lumen]: 50 mg/L). The cefotaxime concentration in the lumen was measured by UHPLC-MS/MS. However, 72 h after the treatment, no cefotaxime could be detected in the lumen anymore.
While revising your submission, please upload your figure files to the Preflight Analysis and Conversion Engine (PACE) digital diagnostic tool, https://pacev2.apexcovantage.com/. PACE helps ensure that figures meet PLOS requirements. To use PACE, you must first register as a user. Registration is free. Then, login and navigate to the UPLOAD tab, where you will find detailed instructions on how to use the tool. If you encounter any issues or have any questions when using PACE, please email PLOS at figures@plos.org. Please note that Supporting Information files do not need this step.
Model 5e-O - contains five-equilibria: conformational fluctuations between different states of nascent chains (C ↔ D), in each of these states the nascent chain can be quenched by the ribosome surface (R) or by the in-chain Trp (W), meaning that there are two additional equilibria C ↔ R and C ↔ W. Here the quenched state R and state W connect the two states C and D and allow the conversion between nascent-chain conformational states via one of the quenched states (Figure 4—figure supplement 2).
Un total de 150 patients dont 103 femmes étaient hospitalisés pour une FA dont la fréquence était de 5,35% correspondant à 66% des patients hospitalisés pour un trouble du rythme. L'âge moyen était de 57,06 ± 18,64 ans (17-91 ans). Les antécédents étaient dominés par l’hypertension artérielle et les valvulopathies (Tableau 1).
Besides their presumable role as source of miRNA production (Figure 4), retained introns may cause premature termination of translation and/or synthesis of proteins encoded by intron-nested genes. Indeed, the presence of introns in all the herein examined genes c-MYC (2/3), MCT4 (2/3), Sestrin-1 (9/10), and SRPX2 (7/8) was tightly associated with the in silico recognition of in-frame stop codons, either in each respective retained intron or its successive exon, thus likely resulting in the generation of truncated proteins with irregular or severely compromised activities (data not shown).
Die Inhibition des Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-Systems (RAAS) zur Reduktion von Inflammation und Fibrosierung ist von erheblicher therapeutischer Relevanz. Bisher konnte in klinischen Studien eine Erweiterung der medikamentösen Behandlung (neben ACE-Hemmern oder ARB) um einen Mineralokortikoidrezeptorantagonisten wie Spironolacton oder Eplerenon keinen weiteren Prognosevorteil für Patienten mit CKD und Diabetes mellitus zeigen . Mit Finerenon ist ein neuartiger, nichtsteroidaler, selektiver Mineralokortikoidrezeptorantagonist mit höherer Rezeptorspezifität als Spironolacton und Eplerenon erstmals in einer randomisierten, doppelblinden, placebokontrollierten, multizentrischen und ereignisgesteuerten Phase-III-Studie (FIDELIO-DKD) untersucht worden . Finerenon konnte als erster Vertreter dieser Substanzklasse einen Nutzen im Hinblick auf kardiovaskuläre und renale Ereignisse bei Patienten mit diabetischer Nephropathie (eGFR: 25–59 ml/min/1,73 m2 + UACR: 30–299 mg/g + diabetische Retinopathie oder eGFR: 25–74 ml/min/1,73 m2 +UACR: 300–5000 mg/g) nachweisen.
Aktuelle Studien bestätigen, dass die Kombination von Schüler*innenmerkmalen für das Lernen von Bedeutung ist (Corpus und Wormington 2014; Jurik et al. 2014; Lazarides et al. 2018, 2019; Linnenbrink-Garcia et al. 2012; Seidel 2006; Seidel et al. 2016; Südkamp et al. 2018). Zum Beispiel untersuchten Linnenbrink-Garcia et al. (2012) den Einfluss von Interesse, Selbstwirksamkeit und Vorwissen auf Konzeptwechselprozesse im Biologieunterricht der neunten Jahrgangsstufe. Sie fanden heraus, dass die Variablen jeweils einzeln betrachtet keine Unterschiede im Lernprozess erklären konnten. Erst mit einem personenzentrierten Ansatz wurden Unterschiede gefunden, die auf vier Schüler*innenprofile mit unterschiedlichen kognitiv-motivationalen Merkmalskombinationen zurückgeführt werden konnten: 1. Schüler*innen mit hoch ausgeprägtem Interesse, hoch ausgeprägter Selbstwirksamkeit und hoch ausgeprägtem Vorwissen, 2. Lernende mit moderat ausgeprägtem Interesse, moderat ausgeprägter Selbstwirksamkeit und geringem Vorwissen, 3. Schüler*innen mit geringem Interesse, geringer Selbstwirksamkeit und hoch ausgeprägtem Vorwissen sowie 4. Schüler*innen mit hoch ausgeprägtem Interesse, hoch ausgeprägter Selbstwirksamkeit und moderat ausgeprägtem Vorwissen.
Un homme de 70 ans était hospitalisé au service de gastroentérologie pour bilan étiologique d'un syndrome anémique secondaire à un mélaena de faible abondance qui remontait à 3mois sans retentissement hémodynamique. Dans ses antécédents, on trouvait un remplacement valvulaire mitral par une valve mécanique depuis 20 ans sous acénocoumarol (Sintrom®) à dose hypocoagulante et une hernie inguinale bilatérale (droite opérée il y a 4 ans et gauche découverte depuis un an). L'examen clinique avait objectivé des traces de mélaena au toucher rectal sans autres sites de saignement et le bilan biologique d'hémostase n’était pas en faveur d'un surdosage à l'antivitamine K (AVK): INR (International Normalized Ratio) à 2,8.
P00747（纤溶酶原，Plasminogen，PLG），纤溶酶原是纤溶酶的无活性前体，通过组织型纤溶酶原激活物、尿激酶纤溶酶原激活剂激活成为纤溶酶。既往有研究同样通过蛋白组学实验证实，纤溶酶原与卵巢恶性肿瘤的发生发展密切相关，血清中及组织中的纤溶酶原过表达均有潜力成为检测卵巢癌预后良好的生物标志物[5, 19, 20]。此外Serafin等也发现凝血途径中的纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1尿纤溶酶原激活物在健康患者的血浆的平均水平为前列腺癌患者水平的8倍，可见凝血级联途径在肿瘤的发生及发展中起着及其重要的作用。
Liver nuclear extracts were obtained as described by . Briefly, tissue was washed with PBS, homogenized and suspended in lysis buffer containing 10 mM HEPES, pH 7.9, 10 mM KCl, 0.1 mM EDTA, supplemented with 1 mM dithiothreitol (DTT), protease inhibitor cocktail procured from Sigma Chemicals Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA) and 0.4% NP-40. After 30 min on ice, the lysate wase centrifuged (Sigma 3K18, Germany) at 16,000 × g in a micro centrifuge for 5 min at 4 °C. The supernatant was discarded, and the pellet (nuclear fraction) was re-suspended in nuclear extract buffer (20 mM HEPES, pH 7.9, 0.4 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, supplemented with 1 mM DTT, a complete mini protease inhibitor cocktail tablet and 10% glycerol). Pellet samples with extraction buffer were incubated at 4 °C for an hour. The nuclear fraction was sonicated (Sartorius, Lab sonic MTM) for 10 s, and centrifuged at 16,000 × g at 4 °C for 5 min. The supernatant was then collected and used as a nuclear extract.
Además del seguimiento clínico para conocer el éxito del tratamiento del rechazo agudo, debe solicitarse la biopsia (con C4d para el rechazo mediado por anticuerpos) y vigilar los DSA 3,13,15. Se considera que es ideal tomar una nueva biopsia a los tres a cinco días de finalizado el tratamiento, y una nueva muestra de suero a los siete a diez días. Los resultados esperados son la disminución de los cambios histológicos iniciales asociados con el rechazo agudo, la desaparición de los DSA presentes antes del tratamiento o la disminución de la intensidad media de su fluorescencia (MFI) en más de un 25 % 3,15.
Some other innovative strategies have been developed in the field of sacral neuromodulation, always aiming to facilitate technical aspects of electrode insertion or optimize outcomes. Recently, as previously mentioned, neuronavigation and CT-guided procedures has been successful in aiding electrode insertion , even with the development of experimental animal models to try and optimize standard techniques . However, possible limitations of this technique are the availability of a CT-scan suite for the intervention, the difficulty in strictly defining the insertion zone with a patient in prone position and awake, who can move and be uncomfortable if kept still for a prolonged period of time, and the high radiation of CT compared with simple X-ray. Also, the SNS technique implies the implant of a prosthetic material (electrode) and should be performed under sterile conditions. Unless the CT-scan is integrated in a surgical theatre, radiology suites may not have the appropriate conditions such as air filters and positive pressure that are present in theatres to ensure an optimal environment.
Notre patient avait une lésion de type 1 avec un carpe aligné, sans aucun élément luxé; cettelésion est moins fréquente que les types 2 et 3. Les trois premiers types représentent la majeure partie des fractures scapho-capitales. Vance ne retrouve qu'un seul cas des types 4, 5, et 6 dans la littérature.
Alguns dos novos modelos de cateteres são mais resistentes e permitem a infusão de fluidos com maior pressão (até 5 mL/s, 300 psi), como na injeção por bomba de contraste pelo cateter em exames de imagem (por exemplo, Dignity® - Medcomp, PowerPort® - Bard).
CIDRα1 domains for binding studies were expressed in baculovirus-infected High Five cells and purified by metal affinity chromatography. For crystallization, CIDRα1 domains were expressed in E. coli in inclusion bodies and were refolded on a Ni-NTA column, followed by size exclusion chromatography.
One-way teaching is no longer suitable for the Net-Geners nowadays. Lecturer is recommended to increase multi-way teaching approach by group discussions, practical training, project-based or problem-based learning, as well as hands-on activities in order to promote students’ study interests (Leung et al., 2007).
Rozwój tolerancji na BMK i soję następuje wcześniej, niż na pokarmy stałe. W badaniu Lee i wsp. z Australii, w wieku 3 lat 88% dzieci tolerowało mleko krowie, a 87% ryż, podczas gdy procent pacjentów tolerujących jaja i ryby wynosił odpowiednio: 12,5% i25% . Autorzy tego badania zaobserwowali ponadto, że starszy wiek pacjenta w czasie wystąpienia pierwszego epizodu FPIES czy ustalenia diagnozy oraz dodatni wynik PTS, wiąże się z wolniejszym nabywaniem tolerancji pokarmowej. Caubet i wsp. również obserwowali wpływ współwystępowania IgE-zależnej AP na wydłużenie czasu nabywania tolerancji u pacjentów z FPIES . Płeć, współwystępowanie jakiejkolwiek choroby atopowej, liczba pokarmów wyzwalających oraz stopień ciężkości początkowego epizodu FPIES, wg australijskich badaczy nie miały znaczenia rokowniczego . Wyniki różnych badań obrazują różnice narodowościowe w zakresie nabywania tolerancji pokarmowej. Wg badań koreańskich, tolerancja na mleko krowie i soję u pacjentów z FPIES pojawia się przed ukończeniem 2 roku życia (odsetek niemowląt z tolerancją BMK i soi wynosił odpowiednio: 63,6% i 91,7% po 10 miesiącach) . Wg Katz i wsp. z Izraela 60% dzieci z FPIES na mleko nabyło tolerancję w 1 rż, 75% w 2 rż, a 85% w 3 rż. . Średni wiek nabycia tolerancji u amerykańskich pacjentów z niewykrywalnymi poziomami slgE wynosił 5 lat dla mleka i 6,7 dla soi . W brytyjskim badaniu opartym na kwestionariuszu, aż24,7% dzieci w wieku 8 lat, nadal reagowało na niektóre alergeny pokarmowe .
Por último, el método empleado podría incorporar algunos sesgos; aunque se trató de minimizar la variación interobservador con la actuación de un solo profesional y se revisaron algunos temas para evaluar la calidad de la información obtenida, no se tiene información precisa de la posible variación intraobservador.
The γδ T-cells are defined as T-cells with γδ T-cell receptors (TCRs) instead of αβ TCRs with “normal” T-cells and consist of approximately 4% of T-cells . Though many aspects of γδ T-cells are not fully understood, the characteristics of γδ T-cells are thought to be low antigen specificity, non-MHC restriction, high cytokine secretion, and quick response . In other words, γδ T-cells are thought to act like members of the innate immune system . In terms of cancer immunity, some tumor cells hide the expression of MHC to escape attack from T-cells because T-cells usually need MHC to activate themselves, but γδ T-cells do not need the signal from MHC and can attack the tumor cells without MHC expression . Vγ9/Vδ2 T-cells, which form the majority of γδ T-cells in human beings, recognize isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) in the mevalonate pathway and activate γδ T-cells showing strong cytotoxic ability towards cancers . It is also well known that zoledronate with IL-2 can activate γδ T-cells via accumulating IPP by inhibiting the mevalonate pathway .
This trial is designed as an open-label, prospective, randomized, controlled, and parallel-group study. It will be conducted in the First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from August 1, 2021 to October 30, 2021. Figure 1 shows the research flow chart, and the details of patient follow-up are summarized in Figure 2. The research follows the latest Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT 2017) and the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) 2013 statement (the SPIRIT checklist is provided in Table S1).
Die Verweiblichung des Triebes – und, noch spezifischer, die Verknüpfung mit Schwangerschaft – intensivierten endokrinologische Forschungssettings. Schon Lorenz (z. B. 1937) nannte Hormone als somatische Auslöser für die Instinktmotivation. Die Verknüpfung des Nestbauinstinkts mit Schwangerschaftshormonen erfolgte aber in einem anderen Feld, nämlich in der medizinischen Forschung zum frühen Schwangerschaftstest, wobei zwei englischsprachige Publikationen aus Großbritannien und den USA zentral sind. 1933 erschienen zwei experimentelle Studien, eine des Physiologen Bertold Wiesner mit seiner Kollegin Norah Sheard (1933) und eine der Medizinerin Esther Bogen Tietz (1933). Interessanterweise entstanden beide Studien als eine Art ‚Nebenprodukt‘ medizinischer Technologien. Die Autor_innen beider Studien sollten sich in ihrer Forschung nämlich in erster Linie mit der Weiterentwicklung des frühen Schwangerschaftstests beschäftigten. Dabei handelte es sich um einen endokrinologischen Test, der 1927 in Berlin von den beiden Medizinern Selmar Aschheim und Bernhard Zondek konzipiert worden war.999 Bei dem Test handelte es sich damals noch um ein Bioassay, also eine Untersuchung an lebendem Gewebe, wobei der Urin von Frauen in Versuchstiere gespritzt wurde (Olszynko-Gryn 2014). Während in der ursprünglichen Testversion Mäuse zum Einsatz kamen, arbeite Tietz an der Entwicklung eines Schwangerschaftstests mit Hasen, Wiesner und Sheard mit Ratten. In diesen drei genannten Varianten des Tests wurden ausschließlich Weibchen verwendet. Wenn eine Schwangerschaft vorlag, sollten sich die tierischen Geschlechtsorgane nach bestimmten Kriterien verändern. Dazu wurden die Tiere getötet und seziert. Davor benutzten Tietz, Wiesner und Sheard ihre noch lebenden Versuchstiere auch für wissenschaftliche Zusatzstudien zu anderen Themen – sie verwandelten also die diagnostischen Systeme temporär zurück, in Experimentalsysteme, so dass sich einige der ‚technischen Dinge‘ zurück in ‚epistemische Dinge‘ wandelten (Rheinberger 1992). Hierbei gaben die verwendeten Materialien – ausschließlich weibliche Versuchstiere und Urin von Frauen – jedoch bereits viele Parameter für die Wahl geeigneter epistemischer Objekte vor.
Outra limitação do presente estudo se refere à análise direta dos dados provenientes de uma amostra por conglomerado, sendo o setor censitário a unidade amostral primária e não o indivíduo. Esse tipo de amostra demanda análise estatística no modo survey , o que não foi realizado no ajuste do modelo. Ao fazer a análise direta, corre-se o risco de obter associações espúrias em função da superestimação da qualidade de ajuste propiciada pelo aumento artificial do número de graus de liberdade. Por isso, recomenda-se cautela na interpretação das associações identificadas. Outra limitação desse estudo trata-se de sua natureza transversal, com os níveis pressóricos e as demais variáveis utilizadas no modelo medidos no mesmo momento, não sendo possível determinar a sequência temporal dos eventos. Assim, embora o modelo ajustado tenha possibilitado levantar hipóteses importantes de inter-relações, ele não confirmou causalidade.
Additional file 1: Table S1. The biomass and total perylenequinone production of S. bambusicola S8 in the basal medium without Triton X-100 and production medium with Triton X-100. Table S2. The differentially expressed genes that encoding enzymes involved in BCAA biosynthesis and degradation. Table S3. Effects of l-Val and l-Leu on biomass of S. bambusicola S8. Table S4. Primers and relevant information of reference and target genes. F: forward primer, R: reverse primer. Figure S1. Effects of introducing time of l-Val on fungal biomass (A), HA content in mycelium (B), the released HA in cultural broth (C) and total HA production (D) in submerged culture of S. bambusicola S8. Total HA production refers to the sum of the intracellular and extracellular HA. The culture was treated with l-Val at 1.5 g/L on different time points and incubated at 150 rpm and 28 °C for 8 days. The culture untreated with l-Val in the production medium with Triton X-100 was used as control. Values are mean ± SD from three independent experiments (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 versus control group). Figure S2. Effects of l-Val treatment at different concentrations on fungal biomass (A), HA content in mycelium (B), the released HA in cultural broth (C) and total HA production (D) in submerged culture of S. bambusicola S8. Total HA production refers to the sum of the intracellular and extracellular HA. The fungus was treated with l-Val at different concentrations on day 2 and incubated at 150 rpm and 28 °C for 8 days. The culture untreated with l-Val in the production medium with Triton X-100 was used as control. Values are mean ± SD from three independent experiments (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 versus control group). Figure S3. The HPLC chromatogram of perylenequinone production in Shiraia mycelium culture under the l-Val treatment at 1.5 g/L on day2. The culture untreated with l-Val in the production medium with Triton X-100 was used as control.
Para la construcción de los mapas de georreferenciación de géneros y especies de interés clínico, se revisaron los registros de serpientes consignados en la Colección Herpetológica del Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad del Cauca 33, los ejemplares mantenidos en el Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas - Bioterio de la Universidad del Cauca (CIBUC- Bioterio), los datos de las notificaciones recogidas por Santiago Ayerbe, y las bases de datos de la GBIF 32 y del SIBColombia 31. Los mapas se elaboraron con el programa arcGIS™, versión 10.1, utilizando las planchas de Colombia, y del departamento de Cauca y sus municipios disponibles en el Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi 35.
A partir de abril de 2014, o projeto foi sancionado e apoiado financeiramente pela Secretaria da Saúde do Estado de São Paulo. Nessa fase, o número de leitos em cada parceiro foi elevado para 10, totalizando 30 leitos de longa permanência para o DRS XIII e outros hospitais do município-polo passaram a transferir pacientes seguindo as diretrizes criadas. O pagamento era feito pelo DRS XIII com recursos da Secretaria do Estado de São Paulo, mediante a produção apresentada. Se um parceiro mantivesse seus 10 leitos ocupados durante todo o mês, seu faturamento com esses leitos corresponderia a três a quatro vezes o seu faturamento total mensal.
В работе Y. Wang et al. (2016) изучен полиморфизм ядер- ных ITS- и пластидных (rbcL, rpl20-rps12, trnG-trnS) по- следовательностей для проверки гипотез о происхождении видов малин и ежевик, произрастающих в Китае. Показа- но, что подрод Malachobatus является монофилетическим, а подроды Idaeobatus и Cylactis – полифилетическими. Выявленные в данной работе несоответствия в топологии дендрограмм, построенных по данным о полиморфизме ядерных генов рРНК и участков пластидного генома, указывают на гибридогенное происхождение изученных видов из секций Rosaefolii, Leucanthi, Corchorifolii (Wang et al., 2016).
Home health monitoring has gained a rapid surge of interests for observing deviations in health status from the norm in early phases and automatically alerting paramedics or physicians. According to a report from the World Health Federation , over 70 percent of all cardiac and breathing emergencies occur at home. In order to provide patients with continuous cardiac healthcare services, new techniques such as wireless sensors [2–4] and real-time automated diagnosis of Electrocardiogram (ECG) [5–10] should be integrated into a traditional cardiac monitoring system. Some real-time cardiac monitoring systems with wireless sensors have been proposed [11–14], with their potential values being reported. However, ECG signals recorded using wireless Body Sensor Networks (BSNs) during activities of daily living (ADLs) are not only often interrupted by noises generated from wireless monitoring devices, but also easily contaminated with noises arising from body movements [15–17]. These factors can lead to high false alarm rates in continuous monitoring [18–20]. Further investigations on the effects of signal quality and ADLs are thus required.
Der Beitrag unserer Studie liegt daher darin, dass mit den 16- bis 19-jährigen Jugendlichen eine Gruppe in den Blick genommen wird, zu der bisher noch keine Ergebnisse vorliegen. Das liegt womöglich unter anderem daran, dass sie sowohl in den Erwachsenenstudien als auch in den Kinderstudien keine Berücksichtigung finden. Zudem ist der Fokus auf depressive Symptome bei Jugendlichen deshalb sehr relevant, weil das Auftreten depressiver Symptome im Jugendalter von Komorbiditäten – wie Gewichts- und Appetitstörungen, Schlafstörungen, motorische Störungen, Denkschwierigkeiten und im Extremfall Suizid – begleitet sein kann und das Risiko psychischer Erkrankungen im Lebensverlauf erhöht .
Les calcifications discales intervertébrales de l'enfant sont une entité monomorphe rare dont l'évolution bénigne dans la grande majorité des cas justifie un traitement purement conservateur. L'atteinte dorsale est souvent asymptomatique et cervicale symptomatique. Le diagnostic est radiologique et il n'est pas nécessaire de recourir à d'autres examens complémentaires ; Le diagnostic différentiel est avec une spondylodiscite infectieuse. L'étiopathogénie est inconnue, mais il semble qu'elle soit la conséquence d'un trouble de la vascularisation des disques et plateaux vertébraux, possiblement en rapport avec des phénomènes périnataux. Les complications et les récidives sont exceptionnelles ; Par ailleurs, un suivi de ces enfants au long cours est nécessaire.
Uncertainty in the estimated relative completeness is large. Figure 5 shows in the three validation datasets the relationship between the estimated relative completeness and the true relative completeness for the optimal method in each of the three families. The variation in estimated relative completeness increases as true coverage approaches 100%. When the error in relative completeness is expressed in relative terms by dividing by the true level of relative completeness, error remains constant as a function of true completeness (unpublished data). Because Figure 5 shows that uncertainty is a function of the level of completeness, the appropriate way to express uncertainty for these methods is in terms of variation relative to the estimated completeness. In other words, we compare the standard deviations of the distributions of relative error that generate confidence intervals capturing 95% of the true values. The uncertainty interval for the high-income countries is smallest; we found standard errors of 0.05, 0.037, and 0.07 for GGB, SEG, and GGBSEG, respectively. In US counties with a population over 100,000, the standard errors were 0.24, 0.16, and 0.15 for the three methods. The standard errors in the simulations were more similar to those in the US counties: 0.10 for GGB, 0.13 for SEG, and 0.13 for GGBSEG. The range of population dynamics and data generation errors is quite varied across each of these environments. We suggest taking the conservative estimate of ±20%–26% from the simulation results because this range falls between the uncertainties estimated from the counties, which may be overestimating uncertainty because of smaller numbers and higher levels of migration, and the high-income countries, which are likely underestimating the uncertainty we would expect in an application to data from low- or middle-income countries.
A cirurgia convencional do AATA, graças às melhorias técnicas, é atualmente o padrão-ouro em pacientes adequados. A seleção dos pacientes deve ser baseada em uma cuidadosa avaliação pré-operatória e de risco cirúrgico. A correção cirúrgica do AATA é melhor realizada em centros de alto volume por cirurgiões experientes e equipes multidisciplinares qualificadas.
Uncertainty work helps to produce psychologists as both expert and good: synthesising certainties enjoins invocations and practices of the resourceful application of credentialed knowledge towards enabling or enhancing the care of patients. What is important to note, though, is that psychologists can produce different modes of care that are moulded by context (Pols 2003, Schwennesen and Koch 2012). For instance, both seeing a patient who is deemed unready for therapy and not seeing such a patient can be configured as worthy acts. Making things certain might entail different constellations of praxis, but psychologists appear always to construct themselves as (trying to do) good. During my research, I was constantly struck by the challenges psychologists face in delivering services, and their considerable regard for their patients. Still, if all choices that psychologists might make can be accounted for as the (ethically, clinically) right ones, this leaves patients who are denied therapy little room for contesting professional power and accessing care.
All that remains now is to relate the cloud geometrical depth, H, to the r e value obtained from satellite. It is assumed that the retrieved r e is that at cloud top, that is, r e(z top). Platnick (2000) showed that the r e obtained by the MODerate Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS; Salomonson et al., 1998) and other shortwave infrared (IR)‐based retrievals of r e are heavily weighted toward the top of a cloud, although the exact vertical weighting depends on the wavelength of the absorbing shortwave‐IR channel used (the more absorbing the less penetration into the cloud) and on the cloud extinction profile. Section 2.3.1 discusses the error introduced by such issues. Then, we can use equations (8) and (9) applied for cloud top (z = z top) to specify H as a function of r e(z top), N d and other known parameters. Finally, rearranging for N d gives (11)Nd=52πkfadcwτcQextρwre51/2.
(A) G1-arrested cells were incubated at 37°C for 4 hours in the presence of α-factor. Genomic DNA was analyzed as in Figure 5A. (B) Exponentially growing cells were incubated at 37°C for 4 hours. Genomic DNA was analyzed as in Figure 5A. (C,D) Genomic DNA prepared from exponentially growing cells at 25°C was analyzed as in Figure 5A.
2) The surveys were not designed to measure or to evaluate the organizational change at the family medicine clinics. This shortcoming should be addressed in the short term and evaluating the organizational changes will provide key information to improve PREVENIMSS performance.
En el presente estudio, los niños con disminución del IMC fueron más que los que registraron un aumento, independientemente del tiempo de seguimiento. Después de los 18 meses, la proporción que se acercó al IMC esperado para la edad aumentó progresivamente, con tendencia a estabilizarse luego de los 25 a 31 meses, lo que sugiere la importancia del seguimiento. Sin embargo, se requieren estudios adicionales para conocer la evolución de los pacientes con un seguimiento a más largo plazo. En el programa evaluado, no se pudo hacer un acompañamiento estructurado a todos los pacientes por más de 36 meses, ya que de ahí en adelante no consultaron o no pudieron hacerlo por falta de convenio con la aseguradora.
By contrast, the southeastern shallow-water reefs of Pohnpei and Kosrae, have estimated vertical accretion rates of only 1.3 mm yr-1. Although we did not directly measure sedimentation rates nor did we measure micro-bioerosion rates, our data suggest that the southeastern reefs are not likely to keep up with sea-level rise by the year 2100. Indeed, the projections of our model show that without considering spatial variation, on average, Pohnpei’s and Kosrae’s shallow-water outer reefs fall short of the moderate rates of sea-level rise projected under RCP 4.5 (i.e., 6.2 mm yr-1 accretion and 6.5 mm yr-1 of sea-level rise under RCP 4.5, Figure G in S1 File). Most concerning is that the shallow-water inner reefs of both islands have estimated rates of vertical accretion averaging 5.9 mm yr-1, which is lower than most predicted rates of sea-level rise, even the conservative rates associated with RCP 4.5 by the year 2100 (Figure G in S1 File). Although there is some uncertainty in the live-coral-cover thresholds for the inner reefs of Pohnpei and Kosrae, these inner reefs on average require around 5.5% higher live coral cover than outer reefs to produce the same amount of carbonate (Fig 4). These results provide a strong conservation message that in order for nearshore reefs to have a chance to keep up with sea-level rise, it is critical to mitigate land-use discharge and pollution to nearshore shallow-water reefs. Without conserving these relatively sensitive, nearshore reefs our projections suggest that they would likely drown in the near future. Additionally, mitigating terrestrial runoff may also prevent large, persistent outbreaks of Acanthaster [21, 22].
While previous studies have reported the generation and development of hPSC-derived cone photoreceptors (Zhong et al., 2014; Zhou et al., 2015; Gonzalez-Cordero et al., 2017), the formation of cone OS-like structures has not been described specifically. We therefore sought to establish if ALT medium would improve segment formation in hPSC-derived cone photoreceptors. Cones were present in both media conditions, as demonstrated by cone-specific phototransduction components ARRESTIN3 and L/M OPSIN (Figures 4A and 4B). By 37 weeks a significantly greater percentage of double-positive LM OPSIN+/ARRESTIN3+ cones were observed in ALT +BSA compared with RDM90 +BSA medium (Figure 4C; 32 ± 22% versus 14 ± 17%, respectively; p = 0.0011; two-tailed Mann-Whitney test; n = 30 images, N = 3 differentiations). To determine if this corresponded to improved segment formation, we quantified the percentage of cones showing LM OPSIN+ segment-like structures. While 16 ± 29% of cones demonstrated elongated LM OPSIN+ segment-like structures under standard conditions, this was significantly increased with ALT medium to 64 ± 34% (Figure 4D; p < 0.0001; two-tailed Mann-Whitney test; n = 30 images, N = 3 differentiations). Furthermore, examining whole retinal organoids in cross-section demonstrated the augmented formation of cone OS-like structures (ARRESTIN3+; green), apical to mitochondria-rich inner segments (MITOCHONDRIA+; red), with ALT (Figures 4E and 4F). These results suggest that ALT medium supports enhanced segment formation in cone as well as rod photoreceptor subtypes.Figure 4Development of outer segment-bearing cone photoreceptors(A and B) Representative images showing ARRESTIN3+ and L/MOPSIN+ cone photoreceptors cultured in RDM90 (A) and ALT medium (B). (B) In ALT medium L/MOPSIN staining is localized to outer segments (white arrows).(C) Histogram showing the percentage of ARRESTIN3+ cones that were also LM OPSIN+ (±SD; ∗∗p < 0.01; n = 30 images, N = 3 experiments).(D) Histogram showing the percentage of LM OPSIN+ cones that had LM OPSIN localized to the OS (±SD; ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001; n = 30 images, N = 3 experiments).(E and F) Cross-sectional image, showing the mitochondria+ ISs (red) and ARRESTIN3+ cone OSs (green). Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue).Scale bars, 25 μm (A and B), 50 μm (E and F). ONL, outer nuclear layer; OS, outer segment; IS, inner segment.
Les facteurs associés au konzo et ses épidémies à Kahemba sont d'emblée comparables à ceux mentionnés dans la littérature, à savoir la saison sèche et l'insécurité alimentaire associée aux conflits armés ou à d'autres formes d'insécurité sociale. Les épidémies de Popokabaka et de Bukavu en RDC [2, 19], celles de Mozambique et du Cameroun en sont illustratives [8, 20]. La saison sèche correspond à la période où la quantité de la linamarine, substance cyanogénétique, est très élevée dans le manioc , l'insécurité alimentaire favorise la malnutrition aigue qui est un facteur déclenchant du konzo car aggravant le déficit en protéines et favorisant avec l'insécurité sociale la consommation du manioc amer insuffisamment mal détoxifié . La quantité élevée de cyanure trouvée dans quelques échantillons de farine de manioc consommée à Kahemba ainsi que celle de thiocyanate urinaire montraient les risques d'intoxication cyanhydrique auxquels sa population était exposée [11, 18, 22]. Par rapport à tous ces éléments, la situation de Kahemba est comparable à celle du Mozambique . Mais à Kahemba, les populations autochtones les plus affectées pratiquent encore le mariage consanguin et n'attribuent pas la maladie à l'intoxication cyanhydrique mais à la sorcellerie, la mauvaise qualité de l'eau et à l'altération du manioc par le sol . Ils résistent à l'action de sensibilisation sur l'origine toxico-nutritionnelle du konzo. Cette causalité culturelle locale du konzo peut être considérée comme un risque biopsychosocial associé à la persistance du konzo à Kahemba. Ce risque mérite aussi une attention pour ces populations pratiquant la consanguinité dont la preuve biologique reste encore à déterminer d'autant plus que la maladie est observée en grappes au sein de communautés familiales.
Cuadro 2Objetivos intermedios de PM25 y guías de calidad del aire sugeridos por la OMS: concentración media anualObjetivosµg/m3Fundamento del nivelOI-135Estos niveles están asociados con un riesgo de mortalidad a largo plazo de alrededor de 15 % más que con el nivel de la guías de calidad del aire.OI-225Además de otros beneficios para la salud, estos niveles reducen el riesgo de mortalidad prematura en 6 % aproximadamente (2-11 %) en comparación con el nivel del OI-1.OI-315Además de otros beneficios para la salud, estos niveles reducen el riesgo de mortalidad en un 6 % (2-11 %) aproximadamente en comparación con el nivel del OI-2.GCA10Estos son los niveles más bajos con los cuales se ha demostrado con más de un 95 % de confianza, que la mortalidad total, cardiopulmonar y por cáncer de pulmón, aumenta por la exposición prolongada al PM2,5.OI: objetivo intermedio; GCA: guía de calidad del aire de la OMS
In this work, no tick infestation was found in the adult buffaloes of either the neighboring or control herds (Table 1). In contrast, buffalo calves were infested in both groups, with prevalence similar to that of adult cattle and cattle calves (F = 1.52, p > 0.05). The highest parasitic load among all the groups was observed in buffalo calves in immediate proximity to cattle herds (F = 2.49, p = 0.04) (Table 1). Similar results were obtained in Thailand, where Nithikathkul et al. observed that adult buffalos were less infested by R. microplus than cattle in endemic areas. In addition, a previous study in the same region in Cuba reported that, unlike adult buffalo, buffalo calves were susceptible to tick infestation, presumably because they had thinner and hairier skin . This result suggests a natural resistance of adult buffaloes to ticks. The resistance of adult buffaloes to tick infestation seems to be acquired since calves are not resistant to this ectoparasite. Another factor to consider may be that buffalo calves usually have less access to wallows (water and mud) than adult buffalo in the study region, which constitutes a biological control for ticks .
The isothermal degradation of PVC in an air atmosphere is a two-step process. The PVC de-chlorination occurs at temperature lower than 300 °C and proceeds with an apparent activation energy of around 120 kJ/mol. The second step should be attributed to the reaction of oxygen with carbonaceous matter generated in the first step. Full sample degradation and volatilization of the reaction products were achieved during treatment of PVC at about 500 °C for 1 h.
Along this line, ribosome variability has been studied mostly at the protein level, where it was shown to play a role in cell- and tissue-specificity, as well as a whole range of crucial biological processes in many organisms including stress response, development, and life cycle (Xue and Barna 2012; Shi and Barna 2015). These studies recently culminated with the assessment of ribosomal heterogeneity across a hundred cell types and tissues in mouse and human (Yadav et al. 2016).
Devem-se priorizar os pacientes mais sintomáticos e com doenças de maior probabilidade de descompensação nas próximas semanas ou meses, reduzindo a chance de internações e de complicações a curto e médio prazo e auxiliando no combate à sobrecarga do sistema de internação hospitalar.
Phylogenetic analysis of these genomes revealed several interesting observations. First, the S. Enteritidis PFGE Pattern JEGX01.0004 plus related strains and strains with similar PFGE patterns formed a monophyletic group distinct from other neighboring serovars S. Dublin, S. Gallinarum, and S. Gallinarum biovar Pullorum. Previous comparative genomics studies , – have shown that S. Enteritidis, S. Dublin, S. Gallinarum biovar Pullorum and S. Gallinarum form a natural group, a finding supported by our results. Second, within S. Enteritidis, nine lineages were defined from the tree (Figure 3). Genetic diversity between different serovars included thousands of differences while variability between the nine lineages of S. Enteritidis labeled C1–C9, ranged only in the order of 100 to 600 nucleotide changes. Within lineage variation was usually less than 100 bp with the exception of lineage C7 which had over 200 bp of intra-clade variability (Table 2).
肺癌为一种恶性程度较高的肿瘤性疾病，其病死率居各种恶性肿瘤之首，发病率逐年上升。小细胞肺癌（small cell lung cancer, SCLC）是支气管肺癌中未分化癌分型，约占全部肺癌的15%。由于较早发生较强的侵袭性和早期发生血行及淋巴转移，大多数患者就诊时已发生转移，中位生存期不足1年，5年生存率不足5%。SCLC的治疗主要以化疗为主。虽然SCLC患者早期对一线化疗方案（足量EP方案：依托泊式或伊立替康+顺铂/卡铂）敏感，但由于极易出现多药耐药（multidrug resistance, MDR）现象而导致治疗失败。因此，寻找有效的早期诊断及疗效预测标志物是临床亟待解决的难题。
Adolescence is marked by a multitude of neural, emotional/metacognitive and behavioural changes, such as functional and structural maturation and improvements in cognitive abilities and socio-emotional behaviour (Blakemore, 2008; Burnett et al., 2011; Cohen Kadosh et al., 2013; Linscott and van Os, 2013). It has been suggested that these complex, transformational processes may shape poor emotion regulation abilities and increase the risk for developing mental disorders (Haller et al., 2015, 2013; Keshavan et al., 2014; Paus et al., 2008). Anxiety is one of the most common and impairing mental disorders in adolescence. Youth with anxiety experience impairing levels of fears and worries that they are unable to regulate, which can impact friendships, school performance, and mark the beginning of long-term mental health difficulties (Beddington et al., 2008; Pine et al., 2001; Trentacosta and Fine, 2010). Gaining a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the successful regulation of emotions during this unique developmental period therefore represents an important step towards devising efficient, and targeted strategies for early support and intervention.
There are other features of the palate that are clarified with this new CT data. It is now clear that the interpterygoid vacuity extends quite far anteriorly, past the posterior edge of the palatines. Likewise, it is apparent that the cultriform process of the parasphenoid extends forward for much of the length of the vacuity. Furthermore, the dorsal surface of the parasphenoid is now visible for the first time, revealing several previously unknown aspects of its anatomy. Anteriorly, where the cultriform process merges with the body of the parasphenoid, a small pit, the sella turcica, is visible. Immediately posterior to this pit is the dorsum sellae, a slightly raised wall that borders the sella turcica. Unfortunately, due to the poorer resolution of the CT data in this area, certain features of the parasphenoid were not able to be segmented, specifically the small teeth that are present on this element (MacDougall & Reisz, 2012). Furthermore, a suborbital foramen is not present, with the palate being unbroken at the intersection of the pterygoid, palatine, and ectopterygoid, as is the case in other lanthanosuchoids (Debraga & Reisz, 1996; Reisz, MacDougall & Modesto, 2014).
Several studies have demonstrated a positive association between Altmetric scores and citation rates. Azer and Azer demonstrated that the Altmetric score for highly cited articles in medical professionalism literature published during or after 2007 was significantly correlated with citation counts. Similarly, Haddon Mullins et al assessed the utility of Altmetric scores in general surgery literature and demonstrated that Altmetric scores had a significant positive correlation with citation number. Barbic et al identified the 200 most frequently cited articles in the top 10 emergency medicine journals and concluded there was a low correlation between citation counts and Altmetric scores. The findings of such studies suggest that Altmetric scores can complement other tools and strategies that quantify research dissemination. A prospective trial by Luc et al demonstrated that tweeting studies resulted in significantly more article citations over time and showed that the Altmetric score was an independent predictor of citations. In another prospective study, 24 articles were randomized to infographic or control groups and were disseminated through Twitter and Facebook . Altmetric scores and abstract views were both higher in the infographic group than in the control group.
Printre alimentele nerecomandate sunt incluse carnea grasă precum carnea de oaie, coasta de porc, rață, și gâscă . Alte alimente nerecomandate includ lactate precum laptele nedregresat concentrat, iaurt nedegresat, și brânzeturi cu mai mult de 50% grăsimi .
Le syndrome des anti-synthétases (SAS) est une forme rare de myosite de chevauchement, elle associe une myosite, une polyarthrite, un phénomène de Raynaud, une atteinte pulmonaire interstitielle et une hyperkératose fissurée des mains [1, 2]. Des anticorps de type «anti synthétases», en particulier l'anticorps anti-Jo1 caractérise ce syndrome. La prévalence des pneumopathies infiltrantes diffuses (PID) est plus élevée avec la positivité des anticorps anti-Jo-1 . Le pronostic du SAS étant conditionné par la survenue d´une PID et de sa sévérité dictant ainsi la prise en charge thérapeutique du SAS . Nous rapportons un tableau de PID rapidement progressive associée à l´anticorps anti-Jo-1 chez une patiente âgée de 57 ans révélateur d´un syndrome des antisynthétases nécessitant des boli de corticoïdes associés au cyclophosphamide avec une évolution favorable.
Forced Arm Use (FAU)-treated animals were fitted with a 1-sleeve plaster cast. The upper torso was wrapped in soft felt, and the ipsilateral forelimb was wrapped in felt and positioned in a naturally retracted position against the animal’s sternum. After a period of 4 days, the procedure was suspended for 48 hours. At day 6 of the treating period, the cast was reapplied. Animals in the voluntary exercise group (VE) were housed individually in a cage with a running wheel assembly for 10 days. Each revolution of the freely accessible wheel was electronically counted and recorded in this time period. Animals in the cage control group were housed individually in standard laboratory cages. These animals received no specific training.
Генетическая реконструкция событий, произошедших на крайнем Севере Азии и Америки, стала возможной благодаря исследованиям распределения вариантов митохондриальной ДНК (мтДНК) и Y-хромосомы, наследуемых по материнской и отцовской линиям соответственно, у современного и древнего населения этого региона. Исследования полиморфизма мтДНК показали, что только несколько митохондриальных гаплогрупп объединяют генетически популяции крайнего Севера Америки (эскимосов) и Северо-Востока Азии (эскимосов, чукчей и коряков) – это гаплогруппы A2a, A2b, D2a и D4b1a2a1a (Derenko et al., 2007; Tamm et al., 2007; Dryomov et al., 2015). Гаплогруппа D2a маркирует собой предков палеоэскимосов, поскольку она характерна для пред- ставителей палеоэскимосских культур Саккак и Дорсет, а также токаревской культуры Северного Приохотья, а остальные гаплогруппы связаны уже с относительно не- давней неоэскимосской экспансией (Raghavan et al., 2014; Flegontov et al., 2019; Sikora et al., 2019). Аналогично по распределению вариантов Y-хромосомы только гапло- группа Q-B143 маркирует древний палеоэско-алеутский компонент, отмеченный также у современных коряков, чукчей и юкагиров (Rasmussen et al., 2010; Malyarchuk et al., 2011; Karmin et al., 2015; Grugni et al., 2019). Между тем присутствие мужской гаплогруппы Q-B34 у азиатских эскимосов и коряков связано с обратной миграцией, при- ведшей к появлению неоэскимосских культур на Чукотке (Grugni et al., 2019).
For milk feeders, the sample source was the type of feeder (single or group). Similarly, for teats, the sample source was the type of feeder. Common farm housing and management variables for all types of feeding equipment were the presence of a separated cleaning area and drying area (yes/no). Nominal variables (yes/no) used in the model for milk replacer mixing buckets and teats were the use of hot water and chemical at cleaning, the use of hot water at cleaning, the use of chemical at cleaning, cleaning after every feed, cleaning daily, cleaning after every feed or daily with hot water and cleaning daily with chemical. Whether or not one or more mixing utensil sample from that farm had high TVC or high TCC was also used as a variable for milk feeders and teats.
Covariates were determined a priori and were 5-year age at recruitment categories, socioeconomic status as indicated by fifths of Townsend Deprivation Index,13 educational qualifications, employment status, smoking status (never, previous, current) and alcohol intake frequency. Analyses in women were additionally adjusted for parity (nulliparous, 1, 2, 3, 4 or more births) and hormone replacement therapy use (never, previous, current). As a covariate, educational qualification was grouped into the following categories: vocational qualifications, national examinations at age 16 (Ordinary-levels, General Certificate of Secondary Education, Certificate of Secondary Education or equivalent), optional national examinations at ages 17–18 years (A levels, AS levels or equivalent) and college or university degree. Employment status was categorised as paid or self-employed, retired, looking after a home and/or family, unemployed, doing unpaid or voluntary work, unable to work due to sickness or disability and student. Alcohol intake was categorised as never, special occasions only, 1–3 times a month, 1–2 times a week, 3–4 times a week and daily or almost daily.
Hierfür notwendig sind ein Überdenken bzw. Umgestalten des Führungsstils (Kordsmeyer et al. 2019), technische Lösungen sowie kommunikative und gesetzliche „Spielregeln“, um sich langfristig als erfolgreiches Unternehmen am Arbeitsmarkt präsentieren zu können (Rotzinger 2017). Deutlich gefordert sind hier die Führungskräfte, deren Bedenken eine Änderung vom Präsenzarbeitsplatz hin zu partiell orts- und zeitunabhängigen Arbeitsplätzen blockieren können und deren Expertise hinsichtlich technischer und organisatorischer Unterstützung von übergeordneten Einheiten in die Etablierung eines Digital Leadership einfließen muss.
In vitro research may not fully reflect more complex relationships in organisms due to using high concentrations of compounds that cannot be physiologically achieved in human body. The intensity of in vitro research concerning caffeine in colorectal cancer has declined in recent years in favor of epidemiological studies.
The values of MPO, SOD, GSH-PX, and MDA at T2 were exhibited in Fig. 7. We found that the values of MPO and MDA in the IR groups were obviously higher than those in the sham group. Among the three IR groups, the IR-RV group showed statistically lower values than did the IR-C group (P < 0.05). As for the SOD and GSH-PX levels, the IR-C and IR-NS groups presented decreased status than did the sham group, but no difference was found between the sham group and the IR-RV group. Meanwhile, those two levels were elevated, and significantly higher levels were found in the IR-RV group when compared to the IR-C group (P < 0.05).Fig. 7The effects of RvD1 on MPO, SOD, and GSH-PX activity and MDA production in lung tissues. Comparison of lung tissue MPO, SOD, and GSH-PX activity and MDA production at T2 among all groups. At time point T2, lung tissue was collected immediately after the IR procedure was completed and kept frozen in liquid nitrogen. MPO, SOD, and GSH-PX activity and MDA were measured as described in “MATERIALS AND METHODS” section. a MPO, b SOD, c GSH-PX, d MDA. Data were expressed as means ± SD and analyzed by ANOVA and unpaired-sample t test. n = 12 for each group. *P < 0.05 for comparisons of IR-C, IR-NS, and IR-RV groups with sham group; #P < 0.05 for comparisons of IR-NS and IR-RV groups with IR-C group.
The averaged abundance of proteins from three biological replicates across all analyzed FFE samples was then carried out to obtain “digital westerns” (Figure 2D), whereby peak area for representative well-characterized marker proteins present in the samples was aligned and visualized in Table 1, demonstrating the positioning of specific subcellular membranes. These markers have been previously verified experimentally with high confidence using cell biology approaches and are accepted to be representative of their particular compartment .
We identified 1 SMXL clade in each of the liverworts (SMXLA), mosses, hornworts (SMXLD), lycophytes and monilophytes (SMXLJ) (Table 2). In mosses of the Bryopsida, there are two distinct SMXL sub-clades (SMXLB and SMXLC), but only a single SMXL clade (resembling SMXLB) is present in the early-diverging Sphagnopsida lineage. These results are consistent with the evolution of the D14/KAI2 family in mosses, where four D14/KAI2 sub-clades are present in the Bryopsida, but only two in the Sphagnopsida . Collectively, these data suggest that whole-genome duplication may have occurred at the base of the Bryopsidan lineage. Similarly, in the lycophyte group, there are two SMXL sub-clades present in the Selaginellales (SMXLG and SMXLH), but only one in the Lycopodiales (SMXLE) and Isoetales (SMXLF). Although they form a monophyletic lycophyte clade, there is little resemblance between SMXLE, SMXLF, SMXLG or SMXLH proteins. This degree of sequence divergence within the lycophytes is consistent with our previous observations of D14/KAI2 and PIN protein family members [29, 36]. We detected two distinct clades of SMXL proteins in gymnosperms and at least four distinct clades in angiosperms (Table 2).
Patiëntbetrokkenheid kan verschillende vormen aannemen. Met individuele patiëntbetrokkenheid wordt meestal de stem van de patiënt in het behandelproces bedoeld, waardoor besluiten genomen worden die beter aansluiten bij de behoeften van de patiënt. Het shared decision-making-model werd bij zijn introductie bijvoorbeeld gezien als paradigmaverschuiving, waarbij de relatie tussen arts en patiënt veranderde van een meer autoritair perspectief (de arts beslist) naar een meer gedeelde verantwoordelijkheid . De relatie tussen patiënt en arts heeft dan de vorm van een partnerschap, waarbij patiënten niet louter passieve ontvangers van zorg zijn. Vanuit dezelfde gedachte is er door de jaren heen ook steeds meer aandacht gekomen voor de rol die patiënten als adviseurs van zorgbestuurders kunnen spelen. Cliëntenraden verdiepen zich bijvoorbeeld in het beleid en toetsen dit vanuit het perspectief van de patiënt, om daarmee als collectief gemeenschappelijke belangen van patiënten te behartigen. Cliëntenraden bestaan daarbij uit meer dan alleen patiënten, omdat hierin bijvoorbeeld ook familieleden of mantelzorgers van patiënten, ex-patiënten of burgers uit de regio van de zorgorganisatie kunnen plaatsnemen.
FES poate reprezenta cheia independenței funcționale a pacienților neurologici care îi poate ajuta să se reintegreze în viașa socială, crescând încrederea în sine, în același timp, însă poate reprezenta o cauză de depresie, când așteptările pacienților depășesc posibilitățile reale.
Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare, neurodevelopmental, genetic disease caused by the lack of expression of paternal genes in the PWS region of chromosome 15 (15q11.2-q13) . In 65–70% of patients, the syndrome is caused by a deletion of paternal genes in the region; in 20–30%, by a maternal uniparental disomy (UPD); and in the remaining 2–5%, by an imprinting defect . However, in a recent study, a change was found in the distribution of the genetic causes, with a larger proportion of patients found to have UPD . In adolescents and young adults, the syndrome is typically characterized by hyperphagia, muscular hypotonia, abnormal body composition with more body fat than lean body mass, hormonal deficiencies, cognitive impairments, and behavioral problems . Many of the characteristics appear or worsen during adolescence and early adulthood, and the development of comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, and sleep apnea increases . Hypogonadism and growth hormone (GH) deficiency are the most common hormone deficiencies.
Normal food contained 2% agar, 10% sucrose, and10% yeast . During the experiment, all experimental fruit flies were housed in a 12-h light/dark cycle and a 25° C incubator with 50% humidity. All experimental fruit flies were fed fresh food every other day during the experiment. High-salt foods were prepared by adding 2% of salt (NaCl) to normal foods . All experimental flies would be provided with 1ml of pure water to drink, which was injected into a sponge plug. Compared with Stergiopoulos’study, our experimental conditions could be regarded as a mild high-salt diet since they did not provide pure water for Drosophila on the high-salt diet .
SEM and TEM micrographs from SiNWs on highly boron-doped Si. Cross-sectional SEM and TEM micrographs of long porous SiNWs on p+ Si (resistivity 0.005 Ω·cm) etched for 20 min (a1, b1, and c1) and 60 min (a2, b2, and c2), respectively. Micrographs (a1) and (a2) are SEM images of the nanowires at low magnification and illustrate the existence of a porous Si layer at the interface between the nanowires and the Si substrate. This layer is thicker in the case of the longer etching time, and its structure is porous as it clearly appears in the SEM images (b1) and (b2), obtained at higher magnification. On the other hand this layer is thinner in the case of the 20-min etching time, as illustrated in (b1). Micrographs (c1) and (c2) are dark-field TEM images of the same nanowires etched for 20 min (c1) and 60 min (c2), respectively.
Bei Patienten mit Blutungen muss eine Substitution prokoagulatorischer Faktoren erfolgen. Thrombozyten- und Fibrinogenkonzentrate ermöglichen eine rasche, gut kontrollierte und sichere Gerinnungssubstitution. Bei starker Verminderung der Prothrombinzeit (PTZ) und schweren Blutungen kann die Gabe von Prothrombinkomplexpräparaten in Erwägung gezogen werden. Bei lebensbedrohlichen Blutungen (z. B. postpartale Hämorrhagie oder intrazerebrale Blutungen) kann auch rekombinanter Faktor VII a (NovoSeven®RT, Novo Nordisk, Bagsvaerd, Dänemark) gegeben werden. Die früher oft geäußerte Befürchtung, damit den Prozess anzuheizen, kann heute nicht mehr aufrecht erhalten werden.
Many restorative materials have been tested regarding their resistance to erosive tooth wear11,13,19,22,27,28. However, in addition to material resistance, an ideal material might also prevent wear around the restoration. For patients who present erosive tooth wear, the ideal management is the association with measures that eliminate the causes of erosive wear5–8. However, this approach is not always feasible, and when a restoration is needed, the use of bioactive materials, resistant and capable of protecting the adjacent tooth structure is highly desirable.
One hypothesis focuses on altered carbohydrate metabolism2,27,28. Starch reserves in ovaries are depleted after several days of drought stress when senescence-related transcripts begin to accumulate marking the onset of abortion4,5. Addition of exogenous sucrose to water-stressed plants partially restores kernel set2, suggesting that carbohydrate status of the ovary is critical for determining whether an ovary will set seed during environmentally stressful conditions.
In discussing the utility of short-term medical volunteer work with the co-founder of a successful NGO that organizes US surgical teams to perform surgeries in Guatemala, he said, "Short-term volunteer work can be completely effective if it's attached to a long-term program." The importance of short-term medical volunteers coordinating their activities with groups that have a long-term presence in Guatemala was by far the most frequent recommendation made by our informants. In fact, it was often more of a demand than a recommendation, with some informants commenting that short-term medical volunteer work that is not coordinated with a long-term presence is "the worst kind of care," or that those short-term medical volunteers "might as well stay home."
There were clear trends in the data regarding the channels which showed the largest number of measurable responses (see Table 2). For all Wave-V conditions, independent of group and SPL, the diagonal-forehead directed channel E6_E1 was amongst the best channels. For the Wave I, the trend was not as clear as for the Wave V, but in three out of four conditions (including both 100-dB SPL conditions) a vertical channel with medium distance between electrodes (E8_E1, E5_E4) was amongst the best configurations. Especially for the 100-dB peSPL condition, we observed wave-specific orientations that maximised the likelihood to pick up a signal. The diagonal-forehead directed channel E6_E1 was particularly suitable to capture the Wave V, while the vertical channel E8_E1 had the highest rate of significant responses for Wave I.
The major function of carboxylesterase enzymes is to hydrolyse esters of short-chain fatty acids . However, the majority of carboxylesterases are associated with plant defence . The SEC14/PITP transport proteins, similar to the one activated by ZmOCL1, are known to be involved in trans-Golgi export pathways and therefore can be potentially involved in biosynthesis of cuticular lipids. SEC14/PITP can catalyse phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine transfer in vitro. In mammals, several diseases develop due to deficiencies of PITPs .