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Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) represents a heterogeneous group of chronic arthritides that affect children aged 16 years and under [1–3]. Uveitis is a common complication of JIA, occurring in upwards of 30% of patients who are positive for antinuclear antibody (ANA) . The most typical type of uveitis is a chronic bilateral anterior uveitis with insidious onset and persistent duration. It is this type of uveitis that is thought to confer the greatest risk for structural ocular complications and visual acuity loss among children suffering from JIA-associated uveitis because of its insidious onset, the lack of a red eye, and the onset in preverbal children. However, other types of JIA-associated uveitis may occur, such as the recurrent acute anterior uveitis associated with enthesitis and a positive HLA-B27. These cases typically present as an acutely red, painful and photophobia eye and occur more commonly in boys than in girls. Alternatively, the typical chronic anterior uveitis associated with JIA occurs predominantly in girls. Furthermore, not only does the proportion of girls versus boys vary according to the type of arthritis and the type of uveitis, it is possible that the clinical outcomes in girls and boys may differ within the same subsets of JIA uveitis. The purpose of this paper therefore is to summarize the available literature investigating the role of gender in the clinical and treatment outcomes in JIA-associated uveitis.
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From our results, it is presumed that, under the stimulus of a carcinogen, IL-1β is upregulated in both epithelial and stromal compartments, such as fibroblasts. Paracrine signals from IL-1β activate gene expression pathways in neighboring cells and vice versa, ultimately setting up a cycle of reinforcement and generating a tumor favorable microenvironment for oral carcinogenesis (Fig. 4). Therefore, targeting IL-1β in the TME with IL-1Ra provides a promising chemoprevention strategy to interrupt oral malignant transformation. Although more validation studies must be performed before the application of oral IL-1Ra injection in the clinic, we believe that this novel IL-1Ra medication strategy targeting the TME has practical and translational usefulness in OSCC prevention, and provides a basis for further investigation.
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Le recueil des données a été réalisé à partir d'une fiche d'exploitation contenant l’âge, le sexe, le côté atteint, le mécanisme du traumatisme, le stade radiologique de la fracture, le temps opératoire, le saignement, le délai de consolidation, l’évaluation fonctionnelle, la réduction anatomique et les complications postopératoires. L’évaluation radiologique a été basée sur des clichés standards de l’épaule face. Ces mêmes clichés ont été utilisés pour évaluer le délai de consolidation. Le stade radiologique était évalué selon la classification de Neer et l’évaluation fonctionnelle a été faite selon le score de Constant et Murley absolu moyen qui a pu être calculé pour chaque patient.
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It is known that a significant proportion of obese individuals do not develop MUO. This presents significant diagnostic challenges associated with the use of obesity as a risk factor for cardiometabolic disease. According to one hypothesis, it is not the total amount of body fat that adversely affects health in obesity, but the distribution of lipids in the body. According to the "adipose expandability hypothesis", when the fat storage capacity of adipose tissue is exceeded, lipid accumulation in non-fat organs will increase, which will lead to IR and apoptosis as a result of lipotoxicity . Studies in obese adolescents have shown that IR is associated with a specific accumulation of abdominal and ectopic fat, independent of total body fat . Weis et al. reported that even if BMI remained constant (due to increased height), increasing amounts of adipose tissue were associated with a decrease in insulin sensitivity and progression from normal glucose response to dysglycaemia on OGTT. Pacifico et al. suggested that early recognition of the metabolic syndrome and implementation of effective treatment are the first important steps toward reducing morbidity and mortality associated with cardiometabolic diseases . Early identification of predictors for the development of MUO and identification and monitoring of patients who may benefit from early intervention will become very important. This is because current screening guidelines do not differentiate between levels of obesity.
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Growth rates obtained from replicate experiments and pooled data on growth of rho*/rpsL WT and rho*/rpsL* cells in LB+5.5% ethanol. In each case a linear regression was used on data from log-transformed growth of exponential-phase cells, as described in Text S1. “Combined" indicates the results of fitting a linear mixed-effects model to the full data set.
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Next, we aimed at determining whether the FXYD2-LASO treatment may cause global side effects. To test this, we evaluated the general health and behavior of sham animals treated 14 days with daily intrathecal injections of 2 μg of control- (n = 6) or FXYD2-LASO (n = 6). Daily observation of the different animal cohorts during the whole period of treatment did not reveal any behavior of restlessness or prostration, spontaneous vocalization, weight loss (Supplemental Figure 4E), breathing difficulties, or abnormal appearance of the coat. In addition, using the open field test, we established that the velocity and duration of the time spent at the center or at the periphery of the open field arena did not change between groups of rats (Supplemental Figure 4, F–G′). These results thus suggest that FXYD2 inhibition achieved with FXYD2-LASO has virtually no effect on general locomotor activity and anxiety. All together, these data establish that knockdown of FXYD2 expression in the DRG induced by intrathecal injections of lipid-modified ASOs or Accell siRNA constitutes an efficient and safe therapeutic approach to treat peripheral neuropathic chronic pain.
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The current-clamp recordings were made on cultured primary neurons from Nedd4Lfl/fl and SNS-Nedd4L−/− animals. Recordings were made following a 500 ms ramp current ranging from 100 to 500 pA, and the APs were counted and represented at each ramp. Small step pulses of 5 ms with 25 pA increments were done, and the first AP triggered was analyzed for different parameters. Peak amplitude represents the maximum amplitude of the AP measured from the RMP. The maximum rise time is the time from the start of the stimulation until the maximum AP amplitude was reached. The baseline is the voltage amplitude starting from the AP threshold until the start of the AP overshoot, and the rheobase is the minimum current needed to elicit an AP.
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A first illustration of the DM constraints, for Singlet-Doublet model with a Majorana fermion DM, is provided in Fig. 27. We have reported there the constraints from the DM relic density and detection strategies in the bi-dimensional plane \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$(M_L,M_N)$$\end{document}(ML,MN). The coupling y has been set to 0.2, i.e., the value corresponding to the SUSY limit, while we have chosen two assignations for \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\tan \theta $$\end{document}tanθ, namely \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\pm 2$$\end{document}±2. Similar to the case of a Dirac fermion DM the correct DM relic density can be achieved only up to a maximal value of the DM mass, of approximately 1.1 TeV. This corresponds to the case of pure higgsino-like neutralino DM in supersymmetric models with the DM relic density mostly determined by annihilations into WW final state controlled by the gauge interactions.38 The current limits from DD mostly affect the region \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$M_L \sim M_N$$\end{document}ML∼MN which would correspond to maximal mixing between the singlet and the doublet components of the DM and then to maximal couplings with Higgs boson.39 The anticipated sensitivities of XENON1T and LZ will, instead, allow to sensibly increase the coverage of the parameter space. Limits from indirect DM detection by Fermi show potential complementarity in the low DM mass region (see also ). We notice in particular the different shapes of DD contours according to the different signs of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\tan \theta $$\end{document}tanθ; in the case of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\tan \theta =-2$$\end{document}tanθ=-2, the presence of the blind spot corresponding to Eq. (135) is evident.Fig. 28Model points (red) with the correct DM relic density, emerging from a scan on the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$M_N$$\end{document}MN, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$M_L$$\end{document}ML, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$y,\,\theta $$\end{document}y,θ parameters (see main text for details), in the bi-dimensional plane \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$(m_{\psi _1},\sigma _{\psi _1 p}^\mathrm{SI})$$\end{document}(mψ1,σψ1pSI). The blue region is currently excluded by DD limits while the magenta and purple regions correspond to the expected future sensitivity reaches of XENON1T and LZ, respectively
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The amino acids often seen interacting at the N-site in all fold type I families were charged residues and small amino acids, that included aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine, histidine, tyrosine, and glycine. Hydrophobic residues such as leucine and alanine were occasionally present, but were not commonly found to interact at the N-site. Amino acid residues that interacted at the N1-site included predominantly hydrophobic residues such as leucine, valine, alanine, cysteine, phenylalanine, methionine, and glycine. Amino acid residues that interacted at the N6 site were predominantly charged, with aspartic acid dominating the list of ligand interactions. A few cases, however, interacted with glutamic acid, glutamine, or serine residues. Positions O2* and O3* of the ribose predominantly interacted with charged residues that included aspartic and glutamic acids. O2* and O3* forms the catalytic center of SAM. Not surprisingly, structure-guided alignments of these ligand-interacting residues were conserved in the majority of cases across the PIRSF families, although residues that interacted at positions O and OXT were generally not conserved.
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The imprinted PHEL1 is upregulated in maternal, female gametophytic, and sporophytic tissues of apomictic Boechera, correlating with deregulation of DNA methyltransferase genes. (a) Maternal and paternal PHEL1 transcripts assayed by allele-specific RT-PCR in immature seeds, embryo, and endosperm fractions upon reciprocal crosses between two sexual Boechera accessions. (b–d) Relative transcript levels of PHEL1, MET1, and DRM2. Expression deviation from sexual Boechera (t-test significance levels: **α ≤ 0.01;*α ≤ 0.05).
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To ensure the equivalence between the original version of the NOSE and the Thai‐NOSE, and to maintain the concepts of the original instrument, cross‐cultural translation, adaptation, and validation were conducted. Considering variation in culture, language, and ethnic background, the translation protocol was conducted following the methodological guidelines. 26 One difficulty in translating the original instrument was the similarity of meaning of translated words in Thai, which could potentially be confusing for patients. To minimize this problem, some details describing each item of the Thai‐NOSE were added to the end of the questionnaire. These details were added after obtaining permission from the developer of the original instrument. Moreover, all of these descriptions were implemented under the supervision of the developer to ensure equivalence of the concepts of measurement compared with the original version. None of the items had a high inter‐item correlation (r ≥ 0.7), which suggested the excessiveness of the items in the instrument.
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Возбудитель фитофтороза картофеля был выявлен во всех федеральных округах, причем наибольшее распространение на районированных сортах получил в Северо-Кавказском ФО (88.8 %). С 2018 г. фитофтороз картофеля отсутствует в регламенте контроля при проведении сертификации семенного материала по новому ГОСТ 33996-2016 (2017), поэтому в настоящее время отсутствуют допустимые критерии по пораженности клубней семенного картофеля. Однако, согласно ЭПВ (Алехин и др., 2016), не допускается присутствия пораженных клубней в семенном материале. Не выявлено корреляционной зависимости по поражению различных категорий сортов картофеля заболеваниями, скорее наоборот: именно элитный семенной картофель был поражен болезнями сильнее, чем репродукционный (см. табл. 3).
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LWIR sensors have their own optical and electrical characteristics, and some statistical properties have been studied for a decade. However, despite these studies, the characteristics of thermal images have seldom been incorporated into thermal image processing. In this study, a statistical property of thermal imaging sensors has been derived, and the generality of the property is verified with various datasets. Moreover, the cost function considering the natural statistics is also proposed. The gradient statistics explains thermogram from various LWIR sensors without considering the individual sensor characteristics. The regularization strategies consider the natural statistics, and the specialized pixel-wise optimization restores thermal images effectively. During the COVID-19 pandemic, we hope that the proposed method will contribute to the generation of high-quality thermal images.
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The EMT was initially described as a developmental process observed in the formation of the primitive streak from the epiblast epithelium during chick gastrulation62. The EMT is widely adopted during development in many species to generate mesenchymal tissues from the epithelium62–64. The EMT also participates in tissue repair as well as many pathological processes such as fibrosis, tumor invasion and metastasis65. PTEN has been implicated in the regulation of the EMT in both development and cancer. In the chick embryo, overexpression of PTEN inhibited the EMT of the epiblast epithelium in the primitive streak10. This is unlikely to be mediated by the lipid phosphatase activity of PTEN because the G129E mutant, which is unable to convert PIP3 to PIP2, showed the same inhibitory effect. Similarly, in a three dimensional mammary epithelial culture model, shRNA-mediated depletion of PTEN disrupted mammary acinar formation66. Rescue experiments with the PTEN mutants that lack either protein or lipid phosphatase activity or both suggest that the protein and lipid phosphatase activity are both required for the formation of the acinar epithelial structure. These studies suggest that the protein phosphatase activity of PTEN may be involved in the maintenance of an epithelial phenotype. In the present study, we provide striking evidence that restoration of PTEN expression converted PTEN-deficient breast cancer cells from a mesenchymal phenotype to an epithelial phenotype and suppressed the EMT. This was assessed by the change of cell morphology, induction and/or increase of epithelial marker proteins, reduced expression of mesenchymal markers and EMT-inducing transcription factors, and decreased invasion into Matrigel. PTEN reconstitution also suppressed CSC activity, which is associated with and likely results from the EMT6. Rescue with the PTEN mutants that can distinguish between the protein and the lipid phosphatase activity suggests that PTEN’s protein phosphatase activity is required for the suppression of the EMT and CSCs. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of PI3K or Akt failed to reverse the EMT. In fact, it further downregulated the epithelial marker E-cadherin. These results suggest that the lipid phosphatase activity of PTEN is not important for EMT suppression under these conditions.
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Reported results regarding the association between diabetes and the occurrence of POSS were inconsistent and the prognostic value of diabetes was unclear. One study reported that type I diabetes was significantly associated with POSS (OR = 2.7 [2.0 ; 3.7]) , whereas type II diabetes was not (OR = 0.9 [0.7 ; 1.1]) . None of the three studies with univariable analyses reported a significant univariable testing (p > 0.254) [25, 34, 35].
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Die einfache Übersetzung im deutschen Sprachraum etablierter Aufklärungsbroschüren würde demnach nicht genügen, um Menschen mit einem sozial oder kulturell different geprägten Vorverständnis zu erreichen. Auch in der jeweiligen therapeutischen Kommunikation ist es hilfreich, bei allen Patientinnen und Patienten differenziert nachzufragen, wie die professionell bereitgestellte Information verstanden und interpretiert wird.
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The effects of the supplement diets on goat milk were evaluated by comparing the quantitative 1H spectra of the lipid fraction for the three groups (C = control, L = linseed, and H = hempseed) after 14 weeks of supplemented diets. Figure 1 illustrates the typical 1H-NMR spectrum of the milk lipid fraction (full 1H-NMR spectrum in Figure S1). The resonances of triacylglycerols (TAG) dominated the spectrum as expected. Signals of glycerol were located respectively at 5.23 ppm (sn-2, CH TAG), 4.27 ppm (sn-3 and sn-1 Hb protons, CH2 TAG), and 4.11 ppm (sn-1 and sn-3 Ha protons, CH2 TAG). The olefinic protons of all unsaturated chains were detected in the range of 5.30–5.34 ppm; and the α-methylenic protons of all acyl chains of FA appeared at 2.27 ppm as a well-resolved triplet, while the β-methylenic protons appeared at 1.58 ppm as a multiplet. Finally, the methylenic protons for all types of FA occurred at 1.25 ppm, while protons of the corresponding methyl groups occurred at 0.85 ppm.
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En raison de la facilité de collecte, de concentration et de réinjection dans les sites de pseudarthrose, la moelle osseuse est la thérapie cellulaire la plus couramment utilisée pour la régénération osseuse en chirurgie orthopédique. La moelle osseuse concentrée contient une fraction de cellules mononucléaires qui contribue à la fois à la vascularisation et à la cascade de la consolidation osseuse. La moelle osseuse concentrée peut également être combinée en peropératoire avec une matrice ostéo-conductrice synthétique ou naturelle (par exemple, une greffe osseuse allogénique) avant l'implantation et il a été démontré qu'elle était efficace pour réaliser la consolidation osseuse dans les pseudarthroses des os longs . La contribution des cellules mésenchymateuses stromales à la consolidation osseuse a été bien établie dans les modèles précliniques . En outre, plusieurs essais cliniques sont en cours pour étudier le rôle des cellules mésenchymateuses stromales dérivés de la moelle osseuse dans la consolidation des fractures des os longs, comme le résume Watson et al. . Quarto et al. ont été les premiers à présenter un rapport sur les données cliniques préliminaires de trois patients, qui ont été traités avec des cellules stromales de moelle osseuse autologues et des blocs poreux d'hydroxyapatite dans les défauts osseux longs. Une fusion complète dans les trois cas a été observée . De plus, Liebergall et al. ont montré que les cellules mésenchymateuses stromales de la moelle osseuse en combinaison avec une matrice osseuse déminéralisée appliquée tôt après la survenue d'une fracture du tibia distal réduisaient la durée de consolidation . Notre stratégie dans la régénération osseuse des pseudarthroses des os longs implique la récolte de 30 ml de moelle osseuse du patient, le transport vers l'unité de thérapie cellulaire où les cellules mésenchymateuses stromales autologues sont isolés et étendus en culture pendant 3 semaines. Les cellules mésenchymateuses stromales sont ensuite mélangées, au niveau de la salle d´opération avec des granules de phosphate de calcium synthétiques pendant 1h pour permettre aux cellules de se fixer sur le biomatériau. Le mélange de cellules mésenchymateuses stromales autologues et de substitut osseux synthétique est finalement implanté sur le site des pseudarthroses après décortication .
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Impact of gene lengths and expression levels on gene quantification correlations among pipelines. (a) Gene lengths influence gene expression estimation correlations. Genes were separated into quantile groups according to their lengths. For every quantile group from each sample, Pearson’s correlation coefficients of average TPMs for each gene across replicates were computed for every pairwise pipeline comparison and then averaged across the four samples. Plotted are the average correlations versus the quantile groups. Each line represents a pairwise comparison and is color-coded accordingly. (b) Gene expression levels influence gene expression estimate correlations. Genes were separated into quantile groups according to their average expression values (TPMs). For every quantile group from each sample, Pearson’s correlations were computed in the same way as in panel (a). Each line represents a pairwise comparison and is color-coded accordingly. (PNG 412 kb)
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La faible fréquence de l’hypothyroïdie retrouvée dans notre étude est probablement liée à une absence de dépistage systématique qui, seule, permet d’avoir une estimation réelle de la prévalence de cette affection. Dans les pays développés, l’incidence est passée de 1 sur 10000 à 1 cas sur 3500 à 4000 naissances avec l’avènement du dépistage systématique dans les années 1970 [1, 3]. L’âge de découverte est tardif. Le même constat a été fait au Sénégal par Fall en 1986 et en Tunisie par Hachicha en 2002 . Ce qui met en jeu le pronostic mental. La prédominance féminine corrobore les résultats précédemment décrits au Sénégal par Fall, en 1986. Aussi en Afrique, Hachicha retrouvait une prédominance féminine. De même, en Europe, la prédominance féminine a été largement démontrée [3, 6]. Cependant, en 2015, Barry Y montrait que cette prédominance féminine concernait plutôt les hypothyroïdies liées à une dysgénésie alors que dans les hypothyroïdies avec glande en place, le sex-ratio était équilibré . Sur le plan étiologique, les troubles de l’hormonosynthèse prédominaient avec 84,21% des causes. Dans la littérature occidentale, les dysgénésies thyroïdiennes sont responsables de 70 à 80% des hypothyroïdies congénitales et les troubles congénitaux d’hormonogenèse ne sont responsables que de 10 à 20% des hypothyroïdies congénitales [1, 8, 9]. Par contre en Afrique, les troubles de l’hormonosynthèse semblent dominer les causes. Ainsi, elles étaient responsables de 66,7% des causes au Sénégal , de 48% des causes en Tunisie et de 7cas sur 8 au Cameroun . Ceci est probablement lié à la fréquence des unions consanguines, les troubles de l’hormonosynthèse étant liés à des maladies génétiques à transmission autosomique récessive. Dans notre série, nous avons retrouvé 68% de cas de consanguinité. L’évolution est marquée par des séquelles à type de débilité mentale et de retard de croissance. Le mauvais pronostic était lié au retard diagnostique et probablement aux doses de L-thyroxine utilisées. En effet, la dose moyenne utilisée chez nos patients était de 4,46 µg/kg/j et selon les données récentes, des doses de 10- 15µg/kg/j sont nécessaires pour le traitement de l’hypothyroïdie congénitale . Des études ont montré qu’une dose initiale de L-thyroxine insuffisante est associée au mauvais pronostic [11, 12]. Les dysgénésies étaient plus sévères que les troubles de l’hormonosynthèse. En effet selon les auteurs, les dysgénésies étaient plus sévères et requièrent de plus forte dose de L-thyroxine [11–13]. Près des 3/4 de nos patients présentaient des séquelles neurologiques incompatibles avec une scolarisation, du fait du retard diagnostique. D’où l’importance de mettre en place un système de dépistage systématique. Dans les pays développés où ce système de dépistage est mis place, le diagnostic précoce et le traitement approprié a transformé le pronostic notamment neurologique de cette affection [12–14].
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ChAT-positive ventral horn motor neurons were quantified from at least 20 sections per animal, spaced 360 μm apart throughout the lumbar spinal cord. Data were acquired from n > 3 animals per genotype at 10–12 or 19–24 months of age and are shown as the average of the total number of motor neurons counted divided by the number of sections for each animal, ±SEM.
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Neben einer Steigerung der Trinkmenge zur Erzielung eines Harnvolumens von > 2,5–3 l/Tag sollten Harnsäuresteinbildner die Aufnahme von tierischem Eiweiß beschränken, um dadurch die Purinzufuhr mit der Nahrung zu reduzieren. Zur Korrektur des Urin-pH werden Alkalizitrate oder alternativ Natriumbikarbonat verwendet. Idealerweise sollte der pH-Wert im Urin auf Werte zwischen 6,2 und 6,8 eingestellt werden. Zur Chemolitholyse von Harnsäuresteinen wird eine stärkere Alkalisierung mit Urin-pH-Werten zwischen 7,0 und 7,2 angestrebt [4, 12]. Dabei gilt die Selbstkontrolle des Urin-pH durch den Patienten als wichtiges Mittel der Nachsorge, um zirkadiane Schwankungen zu erkennen und die Medikamente dementsprechend anzupassen. Bei nachgewiesener Hyperurikosurie sollte der Harnsäurespiegel durch Allopurinol 100 mg/Tag gesenkt werden. Im Falle einer begleitenden Hyperurikämie liegt die tägliche Dosis zwischen 100–300 mg . Alternativ zu Allopurinol kann ebenso mit Febuxostat eine Normalisierung der Hyperurikämie und Hyperurikosurie erzielt werden .
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The AP2, AP3 2, and PI genes were not or very low expressed in the female samples, therefore we considered them as male specific genes of common ragweed. PI with AG determine the stamen and AP2 with AP3 determine the petal formation that are male flower elements in the common ragweed (Fig. 8A). The expression of the AP1 gene showed a significantly higher value in female flowers than in the male inflorescence, suggesting that the initiation of petals and stamens is stronger in the pistillate flowers. This overexpression may be traced back to the hormonal pathway domination and through SOC1 during vegetative phase in female flowers (Kaufmann et al., 2010). In the early stage of development of female inflorescences (1F) a high expression rate were found for SEP1, SEP2, SEP3, and SEP4. Supposedly these genes are responsible for the development of petal and carpel primordias. Hovewer, SEP3 2 and SEP2 2 showed high expression in the late phase (2F) that may be involved in the pistill prolongation (Fig. 8B).
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W komórkach podwzgórza znajduje się receptor leptyny, który pod wpływem leptyny inicjuje proces hamowania apetytu. W 1995 r. Tartaglia i wsp. zidentyfikowali gen receptora leptyny u szczepu myszy (db/db) z otyłością spowodowaną opornością na leptynę w wyniku mutacji receptora tego genu. Receptor ten odgrywa kluczową rolę w transporcie leptyny przez barierę krew-mózg. Mimo zwiększonego stężenia krążącej leptyny, myszy wykazywały hiperfagię, obniżoną podstawową przemianą materii, insulinooporność hiperinsulinemię oraz cukrzycę typu 2. Podanie syntetycznej leptyny myszom db/ db, w przeciwieństwie do myszy ob/ob, nie skutkowało zmniejszeniem apetytu ani spadkiem masy ciała [12, 16]. U ludzi receptor leptyny kodowany jest przez gen Ob-R zlokalizowany na chromosomie 1p31.Większość mutacji genu receptora leptyny skraca część wewnątrzkomórkową lub transbłonową tego receptora . U osób z homozygotyczną mutacją genu Ob-R, otyłość znacznego stopnia i nadmierny apetyt występują podobnie jak w przypadku niedoboru leptyny, ale towarzyszą im objawy niedoczynności przysadki z umiarkowanym zahamowaniem wzrastania, opóźnieniem dojrzewania i ośrodkową niedoczynnością tarczycy w wieku dziecięcym. W surowicy krwi stężenie leptyny jest zwykle prawidłowe, towarzyszy jej nieznaczna hiperinsulinemia adekwatna do otyłości, prawidłowy poziom kortyzolu, obniżony poziom GH i TSH oraz prawidłowa temperatura ciała. Patogenne mutacje LEPR wykryto u 3% osób z ciężką otyłością o wczesnym początku , ale powszechnie występujące warianty polimorficzne są obserwowane w skali całej populacji u osób z podwyższonym BMI .
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Z tabeli IV wynika, że Pobudzenie oraz wskaźnik PTSD statystycznie istotnie korelują z wynikami zadania Balance beam (r=0,57, r=0,50), które mierzy zimne funkcje wykonawcze. Ponadto wskaźnik PTSD, Intruzja i Unikanie statystycznie istotnie korelują z zadaniem Toy sort (r=0,51, r=0,47, r=0,52), które mierzy gorące funkcje wykonawcze. Oznacza to, że wyższe nasilenie tych dwóch komponentów oraz wskaźnika PTSD u matek, wiąże się z gorszym funkcjonowaniem w zakresie gorących funkcji wykonawczych u dzieci (w zadaniu Toy sort wyższy wynik oznaczał gorsze funkcjonowanie). Zaskakujące może natomiast wydawać się to, że wyższe nasilenie Pobudzenia i ogólnego wskaźnika PTSD u matek wiąże się z lepszym funkcjonowaniem ich dzieci w zakresie zimnych funkcji wykonawczych (w zadaniu Balance beam wyższy wynik oznaczał lepsze funkcjonowanie).
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As variáveis analisadas incluíam idade, sexo, peso na admissão, Pediatric Index of Mortality (PIM) 2, Modified Wood’s Clinical Asthma Score (M-WCAS), e tempo de utilização de CNAF. Para análise do desfecho clínico, os pacientes foram avaliados quanto à FR, FC, FiO2 e SpO2, nos momentos pré-instalação, 30 minutos, 6 horas e retirada da CNAF.
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In the case of lipids, levels of circulating triglycerides (TGs) in witness animals were significantly lower in animals fed under EOD conditions (86.7±3.4 mg/dl in EOD+EODT animals, n = 32) vs. AL animals (125.3±6.7 mg/dl in AL+ALT animals, n = 32) independently of training (P = 0.001). After extenuating exercise, EOD and EODT groups were able to maintain or even increase TGs levels while they decreased in AL group (Fig. 2C). As in the case of glucose, the EODT group showed an increase of around 42.5% in circulating TGs after exercise. In the case of cholesterol, training induced higher plasmatic levels before extenuating exercise independently of nutrition (97.1±4.1 mg/dl in ALT+EODT animals, n = 32 vs. 80.0±5.2 mg/dl in AL+EOD animals, n = 32, P = 0.02). After extenuating exercise, both AL and ALT groups showed increases in plasmatic cholesterol while EOD and EODT groups did not present any changes respecting witness animals (Fig. 3D). This increase was significantly different (P = 0.017) when all AL fed animals (AL+ALT: 111.0±6.0 mg/dl, n = 32) were compared with all animals fed under EOD conditions (EOD+EODT: 89.2±5.9 mg/dl, n = 32).
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W Polsce na przestrzeni ostatnich 20 lat obserwowane jest obniżenie umieralności zarówno wśród niemowląt donoszonych, jak i przedwcześnie urodzonych. Największe zmiany – ponad 4-krotne zmniejszenie ryzyka zgonu – dotyczyły niemowląt urodzonych w 28-31, 32-34 i 35-36 tygodniu ciąży. Prawie 4-krotne zmniejszenie – dość niskiego już – ryzyka zgonu miało też miejsce w grupie niemowląt urodzonych po 36 tygodniu ciąży. Stosunkowo najmniej, choć również znacząco bo prawie 2-krotnie obniżyło się ryzyko zgonu niemowląt urodzonych najwcześniej – pomiędzy 22 i 27 tygodniem ciąży. Jednakże MacDorman i wsp., który porównał umieralność niemowląt z 2010 roku według czasu trwania ciąży w wybranych krajach europejskich i Stanach Zjednoczonych stwierdził, że współczynniki w Polsce są 2-3-krotnie wyższe niż w innych krajach rozwiniętych . Można przyjąć, że Polska pod tym względem jest opóźniona w stosunku do krajów Europy Zachodniej o około 10 lat.
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Lines 153-164. Regarding sample size, it is not clear that power calculations determined the sample size. How was the sample size (460) actually determined? It’s rather disappointing that a replication study of this sort was not pre-registered, so that exclusion criteria, stopping rules, and other aspects of the protocol would have been determined ahead of time.
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Table 3 indicates the areas of competencies tested and the training required for operating the PET/MRI as per the local SOPs. Table 3List of competencies and training pathwaysCompetenciesTrainingMRI safetyIn-house MRI safety trainingRadiation protection, e.g. use of, signage and monitoring, time/distance/shielding principlesOrganised at departmental or institution/university levelEmergency procedures, e.g. quench, emergency stopIn-house MRI safety trainingMRI coilsIn-house MRI inductionBasic life support (BLS)Organised at departmental or institution/university levelManual handling/patient removalOrganised at departmental or institution/university levelDaily QC PET and MRIIn-house PET and MRI inductionTurning the scanner on and offIn-house PET and MRI inductionBasic operation of gantry and consoleIn-house PET and MRI inductionPatient table manual operationIn-house PET and MRI inductionFire proceduresIn-house Department inductionEquipment/plant room equipmentIn-house Department inductionPatient monitoringIn-house PET and MRI inductionContrast injector operationIn-house PET and MRI inductionUse of ancillary equipmentIn-house PET and MRI induction
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En conclusión, se comprobó la aún escasa disponibilidad y elevada heterogeneidad de los sistemas nacionales de vigilancia de anomalías congénitas en América Latina y el Caribe. Es prioritario avanzar hacia la expansión y el fortalecimiento de la vigilancia de las anomalías congénitas en nuestros países.
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To the authors’ knowledge, as no other recent systematic reviews have been conducted summarizing the role of GDM on adverse pregnancy outcomes focusing in South Asia. 45 This review is particularly important as it provides synthesized evidence from South Asian countries for policymakers and clinical as well as public health practitioners to enact effective initiatives to address the issue.
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O mapa síntese também aponta muitos municípios da região Nordeste classificados como área de baixa criticidade durante o período analisado. A subnotificação de casos de adoecimento, frequentemente reportada à região Nordeste, pode ter influenciado essa classificação (12, 13). Porém, a melhoria de indicadores de habitação observada no Nordeste nos últimos anos, ainda que insuficiente, impacta positivamente a situação geral de saúde daquela população. Um importante proxy dessa melhoria é o programa governamental de habitação intitulado Minha casa, minha vida, que consiste na aquisição de terreno e construção de habitações para destinação a famílias cadastradas no programa, priorizando as famílias de baixa renda. Em 2009 e 2010, o programa contratou cerca de 1 milhão de unidades habitacionais (14, 15). O programa previa instalações sanitárias nas moradias, o que pode impactar diretamente a incidência de doenças transmissíveis e parasitárias.
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虽然众所周知，对于考虑手术的非小细胞肺癌患者，肺功能是一种重要的预后因素[11, 12]，而对于晚期非小细胞肺癌患者预后评估方面肺功能并没有被应用。本研究结果显示肺癌患者肺功能指标中VC、FEV1、FVC、PEF、PEF%、MVV与患者生存期呈正相关（r分别为0.29、0.28、0.28、0.27、0.26、0.28，P < 0.05），RV/TCL值与患者生存期呈负相关（r=-0.31, P < 0.05）。FEV1是第1秒钟呼出的容积，根据慢性阻塞性肺疾病全球指南FEV1是作为气道阻塞的判定标准，也是慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者死亡率判定的重要预测因子[13, 14]。有研究表明FEV1的下降是肺癌的一种危险因素，减低的FEV1与中晚期非小细胞肺癌死亡率密切相关，提示FEV1是预后判断的重要因素之一，Calabro等研究也显示肺癌患者的肺功能指标FEV1明显低于正常对照组，降低的FEV1是预测肺癌的高危因素之一。我们的研究表明FEV1与肺癌患者的生存期呈正相关，也就是说低的FEV1预示患者较短的生存期，这与上述的研究是一致的。肺活量是指最大吸气后能呼出的最大气量，由深吸气量与补呼气容积组成。肺活量减低见于胸廓﹑肺扩张受限，肺组织损害，气道阻塞。最大通气量是指单位时间内以尽快的速度和尽可能深的幅度进行呼吸所得到的通气量。一般嘱患者深快呼吸12 s，将得到的通气量乘以5即为每分钟的最大通气量。它是一项简单的负荷试验，用以衡量气道的通畅度﹑肺和胸廓的弹性和呼吸肌的力量。通常用作能否进行胸科手术的指标。用力肺活量是指用最快的速度所作的呼气肺活量。并可由此计算出第1秒钟呼出的容积和第1秒钟呼出容积占用力肺活量之比。用力肺活量是当前最佳的测定项目，可以反映较大气道的呼气期阻力。可用作慢性支气管炎﹑支气管哮喘和肺气肿的辅助诊断手段，也可考核支气管扩张剂的疗效。呼气高峰流量是在肺总量位时，猛力快速吹向最高呼气流量计，观察最高呼气流速。残气/肺总量是表明肺气肿的指标，表明阻塞性通气功能严重程度的一项指标。我们的研究还显示VC、FVC、PEF、PEF%、MVV与肺癌患者生存期呈正相关，RV/TCL值与患者生存期呈负相关（r=-0.31, P < 0.05），也就是说明VC、FVC、PEF、PEF%、MVV的下降预示患者短的生存期，增高的RV/TCL也预示患者较短的生存期，这方面的研究报道较少。
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Color density exhibited an opposite behavior than percent of monomeric anthocyanins; since addition of copigmentation treatments increased concentrations of phenolic compounds in the systems, which overlapped anthocyanin maximum absorbance values with those of compounds present in thyme extracts. Similarly, gradual increases in concentrations of phenolic compounds, contained in thyme extracts, also increased percent polymeric color values (Table 4); possibly due to a protective effect of the π overlap of anthocyanins with the copigments, making them resistant to SO2 bleaching.
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As countries that value press freedom are predominantly highly industrialized with high incomes, the 2015 per capita GDPs of all the countries were included. This variable was used as a covariate in statistical analyses to assess the complex relationships among PFI, LGBT-FI and HIV prevalence. Other covariates, such as religion and other cultural factors were not included due to several reasons. First in this study, individual countries were the unit of analysis; but few countries, if any, possess only one religion or a single-component culture. It is a technical challenge to quantify such factors as covariates for analysis. Second, press freedom and LGBT freedom were used as the distal and overarching variables in predicting the outcome HIV prevalence. Variables like religion between these distal variables and HIV infection are epidemiologically not confounders; therefore, they were not considered as covariates.
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The observed PRGF-mediated gene regulations of the investigated factors in human keratinocytes may have an important influence on the function and activity of macrophages, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, endothelial cells and various immune cells during the wound-healing process. As successful wound healing depicts a complex, well-orchestrated and multicellular process, these new observations may help to explain the positive clinical wound-healing effects under a topical wound therapy with platelet concentrates such as PRGF or PRF.
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aThe reporting level (RL) is set at least two times higher than the method detection limit (MDL). Values at or above the RL are presented in bold; those in italics are below the RL but above the MDL and are estimated, except for β-sitosterol and β-stigmastanol which are all estimated due to variable method performance (Foreman et al. 2012). Below detection (BD) denotes below the MDL
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Regarding the existing evidence in traditional models, Nashef et al conducted a multicentric study that aimed to validate ESII using the STS database, and found similar observed and expected mortality, along with 0.77 in the model’s discriminative capability, reaching what the authors concluded to be an accurate result. Sergeant P. et al. analyzed CABG patients using ESII, and the model reached a discriminative performance of 0.83, offering a good performance, but overestimating the risk in low-risk patients and underestimating it in high-risk patients. Yamaoka et al. compared ESII to STS in the same sample and concluded that, regarding risk calibration, ESII was better, while STS overestimated risks. In this study, in the highest risk quartile, ESII showed excellent calibration and discrimination performance. In our study, calibration of the ESII was better than the STS, but discrimination was worse. One explanation can be the specific type of procedure evaluated.
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Table 6 and Table 7 provide configuration inputs and the averages of the models KPIs based model trials with confidence intervals (95% level) for the 32 configurations. The base case (configuration 0a) is highlighted in bold in the respective tables. Table 7Mean time KPIs (from model trials) from selected configurations (base case in bold)InputsKey performance indicatorsConfigurationX1 – Arrivals at 8:00X2 – Midwife or doctor firstX3 – MidwivesX4 – DoctorsX5 – CTGsX0/Y1 – Arrivals / Treatment capacity (women)Y2Time last woman checks out (CI in seconds)Y3Women’s LoS (minutes)Y4Clinic overrun (minutes)Mean±Mean±Mean±0aAllMid223710:25:3311102.970.212.000.090bHalfMid223710:25:361090.130.142.030.090cAllDoc223810:18:181298.660.150.810.060dHalfDoc223810:22:291186.060.101.270.071aAllMid323710:21:171099.720.200.760.051bHalfMid323710:21:261086.990.130.780.051cAllDoc323910:27:0011101.470.162.490.091dHalfDoc323910:28:581091.410.093.180.112aAllMid233710:23:441199.900.201.670.082bHalfMid233710:23:461287.150.141.670.082cAllDoc233910:22:1313100.080.161.840.092dHalfDoc233910:27:441288.640.113.220.123aAllMid333810:27:3010101.590.212.370.093bHalfMid333810:29:131087.720.143.040.103cAllDoc333910:12:281095.330.140.190.033dHalfDoc333910:23:381186.150.101.340.074aAllMid224810:28:2112105.930.203.310.124bHalfMid224810:28:331291.090.133.470.124cAllDoc224910:16:351499.860.131.100.074dHalfDoc224910:18:381388.640.091.240.085aAllMid324810:22:1610101.570.190.990.065bHalfMid324810:22:231086.710.111.030.065cAllDoc3241010:24:3612100.280.141.940.095dHalfDoc3241010:26:101188.270.101.990.096aAllMid234810:17:271499.490.181.340.086bHalfMid234810:17:251484.570.111.300.086cAllDoc2341110:28:3814104.540.154.240.166dHalfDoc2341010:21:541486.550.102.180.117aAllMid3341010:29:0310103.050.182.830.107bHalfMid3341010:29:05988.040.122.840.107cAllDoc3341210:27:4310101.300.142.390.097dHalfDoc3341110:21:571085.470.081.000.06
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Wenn keine Rektusdiastase besteht bzw. die Raffung der gesamten Linea alba nicht mit dem Patienten besprochen wurde, wird die Bruchpforte mit einer transversal verlaufenden Naht mit V‑Lok 3‑0 USP (Medtronic Deutschland) verschlossen (Zusatzmaterial online Video 1, 02:26–02:44 min; Abb. 1f). Anschließend wird das flache großporige Netz (Dynamesh Endolap Visible) auf die respektive Größe zugeschnitten und eingerollt über den kranialen Port eingeführt. Es folgen die Ausrollung, Positionierung und Fixierung des Netzes mit 4 lockeren Ecknähten (resorbierbares Nahtmaterial; Zusatzmaterial online Video 1, 02:48–03:20 min; Abb. 1g). Schließlich wird das Peritoneum mit einer fortlaufenden V‑Loc-3‑0 USP-Naht von kaudal nach kranial verschlossen und der Fadenstumpf nach medial extraperitonealisiert (Abb. 1h).
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A partir da primeira descrição da doença na década de 1950, o reconhecimento clínico da febre e da infecção por CHIKV tem-se baseado no relato de epidemias na África do Sul, ocorridas nos anos 1970. Tais relatos identificaram, após um curto período de incubação de dois a seis dias (a média é de 12 dias), evolução trifásica da doença com uma fase aguda de início súbito dos sintomas caracterizados por febre alta, exantema e artralgia, afetando principalmente as pequenas e grandes articulações e que pode evoluir para uma fase subaguda com recrudescência das artralgias. Uma terceira fase ocorreu em alguns casos que evoluíram para a forma crônica da doença com persistência da poliartralgia, que assume caráter incapacitante por semanas ou anos. 25 O quadro clínico clássico vem sendo descrito nos surtos e epidemias recentes, em até 95,0% dos pacientes, enquanto entre 3,0% a 5,0% as infecções são assintomáticas. 28
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Optionally, after labeling for other epitopes as described in step 5.4, detect BrdU+ nuclei as follows. Incubate floating sections in 2 N hydrochloric acid at 37 °C for 30 min in the dark.Incubate floating sections in 0.1 M sodium borate buffer pH 8.5 twice for 5 min each at RT in the dark to neutralize the hydrochloric acid.Wash floating sections 3x briefly in PBS at 4 °C.Perform immunofluorescence labeling for BrdU as described in step 5.4.
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The other main limitation comes from the delay of measurements of VAPNS as addressed in the section above. Indeed, with such a long latency, it is probable that a considerable part of central fatigue which exists right after the end of the task can’t be observed anymore due to a fast recovery already 2 min later (Gruet et al., 2014). To reduce the time delay between the end of the fatiguing task and the VATMS and VAPNS measurements we suggest to include only participants with a very good physical condition who are able to compensate the discomfort and stress and immediately perform at there maximum very shortly after the end of the fatiguing exercise.
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ECMs play important roles in the formation of the basement membrane, regulating the presentation of soluble factors (matricrine factors) as well as the construction of supportive scaffolds. In the stem cell niches, ECMs provide a specialized microenvironment to regulate maintenance, self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells .
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Le patient avait présenté de façon brutale une douleur basithoracique droite spontanée, en coup de poignard, associée à une dyspnée stade V de Sadoul et à une toux productive ramenant des expectorations blanchâtres, le tout évoluant dans un contexte d’apyrexie et de conservation de l’état général. L’examen clinique a trouvé un tirage sus sternal, un DEP à 170 L/min, un syndrome d’épanchement aérique de tout l’hémithorax droit et un hippocratisme digital et des orteils manifeste.
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The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), also called the Indian Ocean Zonal Mode, was discovered in the late 1990s. The IOD is a natural climate mode of variability; it arises from ocean–atmosphere interaction, and is the largest mode of interannual climate variability in the tropical Indian Ocean [28, 29]. The IOD mode is characterised by the anomalous west–east SST gradient accompanying zonal wind anomalies over the equatorial Indian Ocean . The positive phase of the IOD is associated with warmer than average SST in the western Indian Ocean; colder than average SST conditions in the southeast Indian Ocean, off of Sumatra; and anomalous easterlies appear around the central equatorial Indian Ocean . During a positive IOD event, the East African region receives above normal rainfall, while rainfall is reduced in Indonesia and in Australia causing significant drought . The IOD also plays an important role as a modulator of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) and influences the correlation between the ISMR and ENSO .
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A excessiva ocupação de leitos obstétricos na macrorregião I, em razão de sua concentração de serviços de atenção ao alto risco, tem como consequência o deslocamento das mulheres residentes para outros municípios6. Por outro lado, Silva et al.19 identificaram que a maioria das usuárias atendidas na rede de saúde do Recife residiam fora da capital, evidenciando a desestruturação da rede de atenção obstétrica em Pernambuco, levando à peregrinação das mulheres em busca de um local adequado para o parto, fato também já observado em outro estudo20.
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Although GABA accumulates in plants exposed to abiotic stress such as drought and to biotic factors especially virus and pathogens (reviewed by Kinnersley and Turano, 2000), we observed lower GABA content in the fruits subject to the TUMP-Predator treatment, and in the leaves elicited with MeJA (Supplemental Table S2). Since the plant's response to biotic stressors may depend on the duration of the infestations (Maeda and Takabayashi, 2001; Zhou S. et al., 2015), it is possible that the accumulation of these stress indicators occurs shortly after treatments. Further, studies comparing the short-term and long-term impact of tritrophic interactions would shed light on the metabolome dynamics.
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(A) Workflow to identify pharmacological synergistic dependencies based on context-specific signaling network analysis. (B) Top panel shows the schematic diagram of a TK→S interaction. The non-phosphorylated kinase is inactive in terms of phosphorylating a substrate, while the active isoform successfully phosphorylates the substrate. Bottom panel shows schematic diagram showing the correlation between TK phosphorylation and that of its potential substrates. The first two rows in the heatmap show proteins representing candidate TK substrates (C) Illustration of the pARACNe framework including 6 steps. Step-1 depicts peptides collection from primary lung cancer tissue and cell lines for whole phosphrtyrosine proteomics quantification. Step-2 depicts inferences of TK→S interactions using Mutual Information by Step-3 of the iterative quantile discretization methods and Step-4 Naïve-Bayes estimator. Step-5 and 6 depict network pruning and bootstrapping to construct final network. (C) Framework of pARACNe from LC-MS/MS data normalization, Iterative Quantile Discretization (IQD) process, Mutual Information (MI) calculation, Data Processing Inequality (DPI) process, bootstrapping to network consolidation.
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The manuscript must describe a technically sound piece of scientific research with data that supports the conclusions. Experiments must have been conducted rigorously, with appropriate controls, replication, and sample sizes. The conclusions must be drawn appropriately based on the data presented.
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Previous studies in this department have tried to shed light on cause of SSI among elective surgical postoperative patients while others have identified the causative organisms of small bowel perforation, a common diagnosis among patients who undergo emergency operations in this department; however, no research has been done to determine the incidence of SSI among emergency postoperative patients. To remedy this lack of data, this study used standardized documentation to provide data of the microbiological etiology, incidence, and risk factors associated with SSI among patients who underwent emergency operations in MRRH and would be used to establish the sensitivity patterns of organisms to commonly available antibiotics.
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To test the ability of water to maintain cohesion under conditions of flow, a glass siphon was constructed such that both reservoirs could be held under high vacuum (Fig. 3), in a manner similar to that performed previously by Noaks8. In this arrangement, during the degassing process with the U-tube set below the oil, the level of the liquid in both reservoirs was equal with half filling each. When the U-tube was then raised to a vertical position, an offset in position allowed one reservoir to rise further than the other leading to a small height difference. With the U-tube initially in the lower position, water was degassed to a partial pressure of 9.5 ± 0.05 × 10−1 Pa. The apex of the U-tube was the raised 300 mm and water observed to flow from the higher chamber to the lower via the siphon tube into the lower chamber (video sequence 2).
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BAPAD score was significantly higher with patients who declared having no PA (p<0.001), having a low frequency and low duration of PA (p<0.001), and with patients asked to lose weight (p = 0.02). Although not significant, we noticed similar trends regarding both patients asked to practice PA and to stop smoking, (3.08 ± 0.07 (p = 0.38) and 3.24 ± 0.11 (p = 0.83), respectively). Finally, the higher the priority given by patients to medication, the higher their BAPAD score; the higher the priority given to PA, the lower the BAPAD score (Table 3).
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In der Subgruppe des chronischen Plionidalsinus und der akut abszedierten Gruppe lag der stationäre Aufenthalt im Median bei 6 Tagen. Die Redondrainagen in beiden Gruppen wurden im Median nach 5 Tagen entfernt. Die antibiotische Therapie wurde in der akut abszedierten Gruppe durchschnittlich für 6 Tage appliziert. Drei Patienten (14 %) äußerten postoperative Schmerzen mit einem Schmerzskalenwert von 4 bis 5. In der Subgruppe des chronischen Pilonidalsinus erfolgte die Antibiotikatherapie im Median etwas länger über 7 Tage. Vermehrte postoperative Schmerzen wurden in dieser Gruppe nicht beobachtet.
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To identify potential enrichment of differentially expressed genes in specific biological pathways, protein-coding genes were first annotated with Gene Ontology (GO) terms by homology. Overall 64% (637/1003) of protein-coding genes were successfully annotated with one or more GO terms. Gene set enrichment analyses were then performed using TopGO, ClusterProfiler, and GoSeq. All three analyses identified GO terms representing ribosomal proteins as significantly upregulated in rabbits in comparison to in vitro cultures with adjusted p-values of < 0.001. Among GO terms with ten or more members, TopGO also identified ATP metabolic process proteins (p-adj < 0.05) as weakly upregulated in rabbits, whereas DNA repair proteins (p-adj < 0.05), transmembrane transporter activity proteins (p-adj < 0.01), and membrane proteins (p-adj < 0.01) were weakly downregulated in rabbits. Likewise, ClusterProfiler also identified DNA repair proteins (p-adj < 0.05) as downregulated in rabbit cultures. GoSeq did not identify any additional enriched terms. Enrichment was also assessed for a collection of previously identified putative virulence genes ; however no significant difference was identified between the rabbit and in vitro culture conditions.
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In the first step, the first six EPI volume images were removed. Also, the data of the two subjects were omitted from further analysis because some parts of the parietal lobe of their brains were out of the imaging field of view. Data pre-processing was performed using FEAT fMRI analysis tool in FSL (FMRIB's Software Library, www.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/fsl) toolbox (Smith et al., 2004; Woolrich et al., 2009; Jenkinson et al., 2012) and consist of: interleaved slice timing correction, motion correction using MCFLIRT (Jenkinson et al., 2002), brain extraction using the Brain Extraction Tool (BET) (Smith, 2002), temporal high-pass filtering (120 s) and spatially smoothed with a 8*8*8 mm3 the full width of the half-maximum Gaussian kernel. EPI data of each subject was firstly registered to corresponding T1-weighted anatomical images and then were normalized into the MNI space using FLIRT (FMRIB's linear image registration tool) (Jenkinson and Smith, 2001).
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有研究发现DNA甲基化与肺癌的复发情况相关，Brock等研究了Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌术后血中DNA甲基化与肺癌复发情况的关系发现在肺癌组织和非转移性淋巴结中p16、CDH13、RASSF1A和APC的甲基化状态与肺癌的复发情况相关，如果p16和CDH13在肿瘤组织和纵隔淋巴结中被检测是高甲基化状态，则其复发的优势比为15.5，作者认为这些基因在正常淋巴结中高甲基化提示可能存在显微镜无法检测到的微转移灶，某些基因的高甲基化可能使细胞具有转移扩步的潜性，对预测疾病的复发情况可能有意义。原发性非小细胞肺癌中某些基因的甲基化可作为其预后不良的一个指标。Tang等报道DAPK甲基化状态与Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌患者的生存密切相关，这些发现在后来也被Lu等研究证实。Burbee和张卉报道RASSF1A基因甲基化可作为非小细胞肺癌预后不良的一个指标。Kim以及Tomizawa也报道RASSF1A甲基化可作为Ⅰ期肺腺癌预后不良的一个指标。Toyooka等报道p16的甲基化状态与肺腺癌的预后不良显著相关。在Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌中，Yanagawa发现RASSF1A和RUNX3甲基化与预后不良有关。Brabender报道APC基因启动子区高甲基化与患者低生存率相关。Seng等研究也发现DLEC1甲基化在原发性非小细胞肺癌中（包括鳞癌）是一个独立的预后指标，hMLH1甲基化是影响大细胞肺癌预后的一个指标。Nagji等认为BRMS1是非小细胞肺癌一个预后不良的指标。Suzuki等分析显示CXCL12甲基化与非小细胞肺癌患者预后密切相关，对CXCL12的甲基化分析可能成为非小细胞肺癌患者术后预后指标。
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However, before these measures can be obtained, we need to reconstruct the phase-space of each one-dimensional time series (e.g., the time series of leg acceleration of an infant). A phase-space is a multidimensional representation of the dynamics of a system. The multi-dimensional phase-space of a one-dimensional time series can be reconstructed by the method of time-delayed embedding (Takens, 1981). Practically, this means that the original one-dimensional time series is plotted against itself several times at a fixed lag. Hence, as a first step, an appropriate dimensionality (the dimension-parameter) and an appropriate lag (the delay-parameter) need to be estimated. This can be done using the average mutual-information function (to estimate the delay parameter) and the false-nearest neighbor function (to estimate the dimension parameter), where, as a rule of thumb, the first local minimum of each function corresponds to the appropriate delay and dimension of the time series, respectively. For example, say we have a one-dimensional time series x of 100 data points that should be embedded with delay = 10 and dimension = 3. To reconstruct the 3-dimensional phase space, the original series is plotted against itself two more times, each time shifted by a delay of 10 (i.e., x1–80 vs. x11–90 vs. x21–100). Figure 1A illustrates the delaying of a time series, and Figure 1B shows the resulting phase-space.
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To accomplish a higher level expression, more efficient purification with high purity and recovery, and more stable formulation for a better LLPs manufacturing, emerging applications of some typical analytical techniques will be described in the following sections (Figure 1).
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A fixed effect of sentence type showed that anomalous sentences were perceived as more unusual than metaphorical sentences (β = 1.60, SE = 0.22, z = 7.29, p < .001). Also, metaphorical and anomalous sentences were perceived as more unusual than literal sentences (β = 5.09, SE = 0.30, z = 16.88, p < .001). A fixed effect of group showed that engineers perceived sentences as more unusual (β = 0.59, SE = 0.22, z = −2.65, p = .008) than non‐engineers. A sentence type × group interaction (Figure 3a) showed that engineers relative to non‐engineers perceived anomalous and metaphorical sentences as more unusual than literal sentences (β = 1.21, SE = 0.45, z = 2.71, p = .007). A sentence type × knowledge (Figure 3b) interaction showed that metaphorical and anomalous sentences were perceived as more unusual than literal sentences when both types of sentences referred to engineering rather than general knowledge (β = 1.08, SE = 0.44, z = 2.44, p = .015). No other effects were found.
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Prosocial behaviors are actions that individuals engage in to benefit others or the collective; such actions include self-sacrifice, donating, helping behaviors, and sharing (Penner et al., 2005; Bartlett and Desteno, 2006; Eisenberg et al., 2015). As gregarious and social creatures, humans must cooperate with one another to better adapt to the environment and deal with unpredictable changes. Thus, determining the factors that promote prosocial behaviors is of great significance for human development and has become a hot topic in recent years (Hysek et al., 2014).
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Training data for ConvDip were created using the GM, whereas the data for the evaluation of the model were created using the AGM. Since AGM and GM have different source models, we implemented a function which transforms a source vector jAGM to a source vector jGM. This was achieved by K nearest-neighbor interpolation, i.e., each value in the target space was assigned the average value of the K nearest neighbors in the initial space. K was set to 5 neighbors. Since the source model of AGM contained almost twice as many dipoles as that of the GM, a source vector translated from AGM to GM will effectively loose total source power. We therefore normalized the resulting source vector jGM to have equal energy (sum of all dipole moments) as jAGM.
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Obustronna profilaktyczna salpingektomia wydaje się być zabiegiem bezpieczniejszym w porównaniu do jednoczesnego usunięcia jajników i jajowodów. Pozostawienie jajników zabezpiecza przed wywołaniem jatrogennej menopauzy, dzięki czemu nie zwiększa ryzyka wystąpienia zdarzeń sercowo-naczyniowych, osteoporozy czy zaburzeń kognitywnych. W badaniach Morelli’ego i wsp. również nie stwierdzono istotnego wpływu na czynność jajników pomimo usunięcia jajowodów [13, 15]. M.in. nie stwierdzono zmian stężeń obwodowych hormonu anty-Müllerowskiego i folikulostymuliny, ani liczby pęcherzyków antralnych. Nie zmniejszyła się również średnica jajników. Z kolei badania dotyczące salpingektomii przeprowadzone przez Lin i wsp. wskazały, że jajniki zachowały zdolność do prawidłowej odpowiedzi na stymulację gonadotropinami pomimo obustronnej salpingektomii, co pozwala na przeprowadzenie zapłodnienia pozaustrojowego, jeżeli pacjentka będzie chciała ponownie zajść w ciążę.
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les enquêtes permettent souvent de récolter des milliers de moustiques et la très grande majorité des spécimens identifiés n'est pas conservée: une erreur éventuelle d'identification peut longtemps perdurer dans la littérature avant qu'elle soit – ou non – corrigée. La situation s'améliore grâce aux méthodes moléculaires qui complètent la traditionnelle identification morphologique en apportant un réel supplément de crédibilité au diagnostic d'espèce . La connaissance du complexe Gambiae et du groupe Funestus ainsi que des espèces morphologiquement proches du groupe Univittatus (Cx. univittatus, Cx. neavei, Cx. perexiguus) en a déjà bénéficié ;
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As variáveis contínuas foram expressas como médias com desvio-padrão, medianas e valores mínimo e máximo. Realizou-se um teste t Student pareado para as comparações anuais, agrupadas a cada 2 anos como 2018-2019, 2018-2020 e 2019-2020. As variáveis categóricas foram resumidas como contagens e percentagens e aplicadas ao teste do χ2. Utilizou-se o teste F de igualdade de variâncias para a análise temporal do volume epidemiológico semanal e das taxas mensais de internação. A significância estatística foi estabelecida como p<0,05. Foram usados os programas IBM (SPSS), versão 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, Nova Iorque, Estados Unidos), e R, versão 3.5.3 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Viena, Áustria), para análise estatística.
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To demonstrate the universal application possibilities, we next coupled reporter molecules with a synthetic reactive group as commonly used in ABPP approaches. The alkyne-modified (2E,4E)-deca-2,4-dien-9-ynal (DDY, 10) served as reactive group. DDY (10) mimics the natural product 2,4-decadienal that is produced by some diatoms as potential chemical defense metabolite against their grazers . Structure-activity tests have revealed that 2,4-decadienal can be modified in the alkyl terminus without loss of function . Thus the alkyne modified α,β,γ,δ-unsaturated aldehyde 10 can serve as a tool for the elucidation of the mode of action of the compound class of polyunsaturated aldehydes. DDY (10) was initially transformed with L-lysine to form an imine before CuAAC was performed with the four azides BPT (1), DNS (8), NBD (9) and BNS (6). After one hour of incubation with lysine the respective reporter, the ligand 1-(1-benzyltriazol-4-yl)-N,N-bis[(1-benzyltriazol-4-yl)methyl]methanamine (TBTA), sodium ascorbate and a copper sulfate solution were added and incubated for another hour (Figure 6). All four reactions were performed with identical molar amounts of the reagents. After centrifugation products were characterized with LC–ESIMS in positive mode (Table 2, Figure 7).
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When IBV infects cells, it needs to create essential conditions for its own replication in host cells, and at the same time it must evade the surveillance of host innate immune response. To achieve these two conditions, the non-structural proteins encoded by IBV play an indispensable key role in it. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge on immune evasion functions of IBV non-structural and accessory proteins (Figure 2). Such as the nsp3 through its deubiquitinating enzyme activity, which can extensively regulate the host innate immune pathways, and ultimately antagonize the production of type I interferon. The nsp6 can enhance autophagosomes formation to favor its self-assembly, while limiting the size of autophagosomes to compromise the ability of autophagosomes to deliver viral components to lysosomes for degradation. The nsp13, nsp14, and nsp16 are predicted to promote the formation of viral mRNA cap structure to avoid the recognition by host innate immune response. All in all, there is a large number of reports on the immune escape mechanism mediated by IBV non-structural proteins. However, there are still some unknown functions waiting for us to explore. In order to meet the current challenges in the prevention and treatment of IBV, understanding the immune evasion functions of non-structural proteins and their role in the pathogenic mechanism is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of IBV in the future.
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For LCMV studies, mice were infected intravenously (i.v.) via the retro-orbital sinus with 2x106 plaque forming units (PFU) of LCMV-Cl13. Virus stocks were prepared and viral titers were quantified as described previously. For LCMV-Cl13-GFP (provided by Juan Carlos de la Torre, The Scripps Research Institute) studies, mice were treated with 125μg of anti-CD8 depleting antibody (BioXcell—clone 2.43) i.v. via the retro-orbital sinus 5 and 2 days before being infected with 8x104 PFU of LCMV-Cl13-GFP.
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This paper also represents a first attempt to analyse ranking of competences for community and hospital pharmacy practice and, on the basis of this, to answer the questions: what is a community pharmacist? And what is a hospital pharmacist? Others have considered these questions. In a recent study to determine the use and relevance of the “National Competency Standards Framework for Pharmacists in Australia,” it was found that students, interns and practising pharmacists had poor familiarity and use of the framework . In a study in Thailand, 574 pharmacy practitioners and faculty members ranked pharmacy competency standards. The highest-ranked domain was Domain 1 “Practice Pharmacy within Laws, Professional Standards, and Ethics”; the second and third being Domain 4 “Provide pharmaceutical care” and Domain 3 “Communicate and disseminate knowledge effectively” . Such results are similar to those obtained here.
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The sustainable use of native species requires a vast knowledge of their life cycle and ecology, but the biodiversity of Angola remains poorly documented (Goyder & Gonçalves, 2019). Technical information on the exploited timber species is inexistent, and data on their distribution, ecology, and threats are very limited (Romeiras et al., 2014). In recent years, it has been possible to study the potential distribution of biodiversity in poorly surveyed countries such as Angola, through the application of species distribution models (SDMs) (Hernandez et al., 2008) These models are useful tools for management and conservation planning, including biodiversity assessment, reserve design, and habitat management (Sofaer et al., 2019). They are numerical techniques that extrapolate the potential species distribution in space and time, based on statistical models that find associations between environmental variables and species occurrences (Franklin, 2010). SDMs can perform well to characterize the natural distributions of species, particularly when relevant environmental variables are analyzed with an appropriate model (Elith & Leathwick, 2009).
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Ostatnio stwierdzono, że parametry niehomogeniczności wentylacji mierzone podczas MBW mogą być porównywalne do HRCT w diagnostyce zmian płucnych u pacjentów z CF . LCI ma wysoką czułość w wykrywaniu nieprawidłowości strukturalnych. Szczególnie pacjenci z wczesną chorobą płuc mogą odnieść korzyść z wprowadzenia MBW jako czułego, nieinwazyjnego narzędzia klinicznego. Udowodniono wartość diagnostyczną LCI jako wskaźnika porównywalnego do niskodawkowej HRCT w wykrywaniu wczesnych zmian płucnych u dzieci, nastolatków i młodych dorosłych z CF i prawidłowym FEV1 (>80%w.nal.).
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Dafür müssen wir uns die Prämissen und das Ziel der Begründung genauer ansehen. Ziel ist die Deduktion des Universalisierungsgrundsatzes, der, ähnlich wie Kants kategorischer Imperativ, ein Prüfverfahren für konkrete Normen darstellt:So muß jede gültige Norm der Bedingung genügen, daß die Folgen und Nebenwirkungen, die sich jeweils aus ihrer allgemeinen Befolgung für die Befriedigung der Interessen eines jeden Einzelnen (voraussichtlich) ergeben, von allen Betroffenen akzeptiert (und den Auswirkungen der bekannten alternativen Regelungsmöglichkeiten vorgezogen) werden können. (Habermas 2009, 60)
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Critères d'inclusion et d'exclusion: il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective et descriptive des contusions et plaies pénétrantes de l'abdomen observées au CHU-JRA (Tananarive-Madagascar) du 01/01/2011 au 31/12/2012. Nous avons inclus les blessés vivants à l'admission et ceux décédés dans la phase préhospitalière, ayant eu une contusion ou plaie pénétrante de l'abdomen. Nous avons exclu les blessés non hospitalisés ou opérés dans d'autres centres.
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Figure 6 details the variation in the number of publications every two years since 1991. The results for the same are obtained through Google Scholar for the keywords “Fall Prediction” OR “Fall Detection” OR “Fall Prevention”. Similarly, Figure 7 shows the publication details for certain top-level publishers every two years. From the graphs, it is evident that the task of reducing or minimizing the fall risk and its after effects has been motivating more researchers every year. Certain challenges need the focus of active researchers and show the pathways for future research.
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Values for the Kalman filter parameters were obtained at the beginning of each recording session using training data collected during the one-minute vowel sequence mimicry protocol described above. Only units with significant functional relationship (multiple linear regression F-test, p<0.05) to the intended speech sequence were used during any particular session. The Kalman filter decoder was written as a C++ dynamic library utilizing static state transition and generative function parameters. The computational overhead of the static Kalman filter was well within tolerances for a real-time system; a single update step of the Kalman filter library required less than 1 ms of computational time.
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An approach to avoid the risk of integration, immune response, and the long-term Cas9 expression has been created using a lentivirus-like particle (LVLP) encapsulating up to 100 copies of Cas9 mRNA per LVLP (Lu et al., 2019). Along the same lines, to limit the expression of the nuclease and reach a broad range of target cells, the Cas9/sgRNA RNP was recently packaged into extracellular nanovesicles, leading to an enormous reduction of off-targets compared to the plasmid-based delivery without loss of on-target cleavage (Gee et al., 2020).
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Microparticles (MPs) are a type of extracellular vesicles produced by cells upon activation, stimulation, and death. They are between 100 and 1000 nm in size and bear on their surface the antigenic markers of the parent cell, since they are produced through budding of the plasma membrane, the formation of membrane “blebs”, and eventual release into the circulation. While once considered just inert remnants of cellular processes, MPs are now recognized as important players in many physiological and pathological conditions, due to the fact that they act as cargos for nucleic acids and proteins and have the ability to translate functionally important biological information between cells. In the last few years, increasing attention has been paid the possible use of circulating MPs as novel biomarkers of disease, including in the field of hepatology .
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Lipidomic analysis involves lipid extraction from the sample and then lipid identification and quantification, with or without previous analytical separation, using chromatographic methods. The major challenge in lipidomic analysis is lipid extraction from the sample. Another challenge is lipid identification in lipid analysis due to the diverse nature of lipid species. Most lipid molecules are amphiphilic or amphipathic molecules, with a hydrophilic or polar ionic group, and nonpolar hydrophobic fatty acyl chain(s). Their specific physicochemical properties must be considered during sample preparation, chromatographic separation, and ionization in the MS detector. Due to their hydrophobic and amphipathic nature, and diversity in structural and physicochemical properties, a single extraction method may not yield the complete lipidome.
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De combinatiefunctieregeling heeft zichzelf in de loop van de jaren bewezen . Dat wil niet zeggen dat er geen winst meer te behalen is. De samenwerking met partners uit het welzijnswerk, het bredere sociale domein, de publieke gezondheid en de zorg staan op lokaal niveau en zeker op landelijk niveau nog in de kinderschoenen. De wil is er, buurtsportcoaches zijn niet meer weg te denken, maar de doorontwikkeling vraagt om meer. De VNG en VSG zetten zich daarom namens de gemeenten in op meer buurtsportcoaches, die mede gefinancierd worden door andere ministeries of andere directies van VWS, dan de directie sport. De verwachting is dat het volgende kabinet nog meer gaat inzetten op preventie en vitaliteit, hetgeen vraagt om collectieve aanpakken. En daar kan de buurtsportcoach een belangrijke bijdrage aan leveren.
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We point out that the absence of a role for eIF1 is, in fact, fully consistent with bacterial initiation in that eIF1’s homolog, IF3, is not universally present in all bacterial species. Also, the role of eIF3 is still poorly defined; it is possible that eIF3 is needed only to prepare the PIC during recycling and not for subsequent HCV IRES-specific steps. Nonetheless, we agree that this conclusion could be tempered.
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Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) for normally distributed continuous variables, median (range) for non-normally distributed continuous and ordinal variables, and n (%) for nominal variables. To test the null hypothesis that samples originate from the same distribution, an independent sample Kruskal–Wallis test was used, with post hoc Mann–Whitney U test to further evaluate between group differences when a significant difference was observed from the Kruskal–Wallis test. Fisher's exact test was used to compare nominal data. All data were analysed using SPSS statistical package (version 21.0, IBM SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Significance was assumed when P < 0.05.
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Monoclonal antibodies against NKCC1 (T4), the lysosomal-associated membrane protein-1 (LAMP), β-actin, and tubulin were from Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank (DSHB, University of Iowa). Purified mouse anti-Rab11 was from BD Transduction Laboratories (San Jose, CA). Anti-human calreticulin (CRT) and NKCC1 (ckNKCC1) antibodies raised in chicken were from Thermo Scientific (Rockford, IL). Rabbit anti-human α-mannosidase II (Man2) antibodies were from LifeSpan BioSciences Inc. (Seattle, WA). Conjugated secondary antibodies for immunofluorescence application or Western blotting were from Jackson Immunoresearch Laboratories Inc. (West Grove, PA).
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Social contacts in the dark hive are most likely initiated by odor stimuli. We, therefore, analyzed the spike activity changes during times in which another bee came close to the focal bee. Since antennal stimulation and even contacts might be particularly important we sorted spike rate changes in relation to the distance and direction with the closest other bees. The angle of the long body axis of the focal bee and the long body axis of the closest bee showed no reliable effect on the spike rate distribution as they were not stable over time (Figure 5). Also, we examined the data for each quarter for an effect of distance to the next closest bee by dividing it into occasions where the distances were either below or more than 5 cm. Again no stable effect over time was found. Low spike rates could occur at moments when other bees were close as well as when they were far away. Higher spike rates, however, appeared only when the closest bee was close to the focal bee (Figure 6).
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The click reaction was carried out in mixtures of DMSO/MeCN and yields were highly sensitive to reaction volume and MeCN content. Conversion to the triazole was 50.5 ± 6.7 % (n = 8; as measured by radio-HPLC) when undertaken at 100 °C for 20 min and when the total reaction volume was 600 μL and the MeCN content was 25 %. When MeCN content increased up to 50 %, conversion dropped below 25 %, while an increase in total reaction volume to 1050 μL with 25 % MeCN content dropped conversion to 30–35 %.
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Menor escolaridade foi um fator associado negativamente à QV no domínio físico, e resultado semelhante foi verificado em pacientes com hanseníase atendidos em um hospital de Bangladesh.( 16 )Leite et al., analisaram a QV de indivíduos com hanseníase nos municípios de Bayeux (PA) e de Natal (RN). Os autores verificaram que as menores médias de QV total e do domínio de relações sociais foram observadas em indivíduos com menos estudo.( 20 )
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By contrast, the second dimension represented well only the TImax group with most of variables being grouped together and far from the origin. In other words, individuals with positive coordinates on Dim. 2 reached the maximum intensity of most of VOCs later than the ones with negative coordinates on this dimension. Lastly, most variables related to Slope were close to the origin of axes, meaning that they were not well represented by the MFA model and, therefore, less helpful in explaining variance between FN levels.
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The effect on the infrastructure of the public health system of adopting an EPHF-like system is difficult to estimate; it may well result in a major structural reform or focus on milder incremental changes. It is part of a long-term process in which the EPHF system is just a first step leading to additional steps in standardization, training and accreditation. In Israel the suggestions regarding structural change range from no change necessary to the establishment of a Public Health Institute dedicated to investigating topics including optimal system structure and methods of service delivery, a ministerial committee on public health and even the establishment of a public health ministry. At this stage, the required resource allocation cannot be estimated nor the eventual changes.
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The relative content of extracellular hydrogen peroxide was measured using Ampliflu Red. A specific fluorescent signal of resorufin, the product of the reaction between H2O2 and Ampliflu Red was detected in the apoplast (Figure 8A). HD stress had no effect on the apoplastic hydrogen peroxide content of Plainsman V papilla cells, while co-stress induced a significant increase in apoplastic resorufin fluorescence at both the base and top of Cappelle Desprez spikes (Figure 8B). The intracellular generation of H2O2 and peroxynitrite was monitored with dihydrorhodamine 123, which after oxidation to rhodamine 123 (RH) accumulates in the mitochondrial membranes (Figure 8C), reflecting the H2O2 and peroxynitrite content of the cell. The RH fluorescence did not change significantly in Plainsman V papilla cells, while it showed a nearby threefold increase in stigmas located in the upper half of HD-treated Cappelle Desprez spikes (Figure 8D).
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Figure 2 illustrates the overall normalized PPG and radial pulse waveforms at the seven gestational time points during normal pregnancy. It can be seen that the abscissa of the notch point (Tn) of both PPG and radial pulses moved to the right and downward during pregnancy, indicating that the Tn would increase and RI would decrease with increasing gestational week.Figure 2Illustration of normalized PPG (a) and radial (b) pulse waveforms at the seven gestational time points during normal pregnancy. The averaged waveform across all the pregnant women is plotted.
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Ein Hackathon ist eine hoch-interaktive, informell geprägte Lerngelegenheit, die den Teilnehmern die Möglichkeit gibt, ihre Fertigkeiten zu einem konkreten Thema mit begrenzter Zeit unter Beweis zu stellen. Auch wenn die Bedingungen für einen Präsenz-Hackathon einige Vorteile bietet – u. a. einfachere, spontanere soziale Interaktion – kann das Format des Hackathons mit wenigen Anpassungen auf ein Online-Format übertragen werden. Bei Betrachtung der entstandenen Produkte sind Online-Hackathons durchaus konkurrenzfähig mit Präsenz-Hackathons.
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Statistical analysis will be performed using SPSS 17.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) by third-party statisticians. For categorical data, it will be displayed as counts and percentages. Numeric data with normal distribution will be expressed as mean ± standard deviations, whereas data with skewed distribution as median with 95% confidence intervals. Between-group differences for dichotomous variables for the baseline characteristic, such as gender and ages, will be compared according to the Chi-square test. For data in normal distribution, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) will be used to perform within-group and between-group comparison by assessing change in continuous variables before and after intervention at different time-points. For data in skewed distribution, within-group and between-group comparison will be assessed using non-parametric test. A P value of <0.05 will be considered statistically significant.
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Em cenários como o brasileiro, de restrição orçamentária e de heterogeneidade na oferta de testes diagnósticos, identificar estratégias custo-efetivas poderá orientar gestores e tomadores de decisão em saúde a gerir seus recursos de maneira mais eficiente. Utilizando conceitos atuais de avaliação de tecnologias em saúde, este estudo fornece um ranqueamento para a tomada de decisão sobre qual estratégia diagnóstica utilizar, em uma população com risco pré-teste intermediário para DAC. Adotando-se uma estimativa factível de custos para a ATC, conclui-se que o impacto da inclusão desta ao rol do arsenal diagnóstico representaria uma estratégia custo-efetiva na maioria dos cenários avaliados com amplas variações na disposição a pagar.
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Il s’est agi d’un garçon 4 ans, reçu au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle de Ouagadougou le 06/07/09 pour contusion abdominale et lésions cutanées multiples suite à un accident de la voie publique survenu 8 heures avant son admission. L’enfant traversant une route a été percuté par une voiture et aurait reçu une roue sur l’abdomen. Ce mécanisme d’hyperpression abdominale s’est accompagné d’une émission de selles puis de douleurs abdominales intenses et diffuses. L’enfant est resté conscient. Son état hémodynamique était stable. Une échographie abdominale a objectivé une lame d’épanchement liquidien intra-péritonéal sans lésion viscérale.
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On the other hand, the pathogenetic mechanisms of leukemia are different, and stratified analyses are required for different types of Leukemia. Due to the limited number of studies, this meta-analysis only performed subgroup analyses on the association between p53 codon 72 Arg>Pro polymorphism and risk of AML (n = 5), and risk of other types of leukemia (n = 4) (Table 2). Future meta-analysis should analyze the association of genetic variants and different types of leukemia separately by including more emerging studies.
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常规均整模式SBRT毒副反应方面，Onishi等报道的257例结果显示：2级以上的放射性肺炎发生率为5.4%。Baumann等回顾性分析的138例患者2级以上的肺部并发症发病率为1%。Lucas等报道的81例接受SBRT治疗的Ⅰ期或Ⅱ期无淋巴结转移患者，无3级-4级的副反应，1级放射性肺炎发生率为4%，6.2%的患者出现胸痛。非均整模式SBRT治疗的副反应亦较轻，与上述研究相近。Navarria等观察的46例患者中，有8例（17.4%）出现1级-2级放射性肺炎，2例（4%）出现3级肺炎。本研究中仅出现1例2级放射性肺炎，2例2级胸痛，另有少数1级反应，治疗后均好转。无严重的治疗相关不良事件，安全性及耐受性较好。需要注意的是，并非所有发生急性副反应（治疗后3月以内发生）的患者都会出现慢性副反应（超过3个月发生），也并非所有出现了慢性副反应的患者都曾经有急性副反应。对于慢性副反应的观察还需要长时间的监测。
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In Fig. 1, we divided the population into two categories according to tertile of serum PG I/II ratio as follows: group 1 = the lowest tertile, serum PG I/II ratio < 4.125; group 2 = the combination of the middle and the highest tertile, serum PG I/II ratio ≥ 4.125. The Kaplan-Meier curve demonstrated that subjects with a lower serum PG I/II ratio, which means more extensive gastric atrophy, had a lower risk of incident diabetes (p < 0.05 by log-rank test).
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The initialization of Hau and Wia was generated as random seed matrices drawn from a uniform distribution within the same range as the entries in the matrix A. Since the starting matrices were randomized, we conducted an average of 30 simulations for each NMF run to obtain the consensus clustering results. We used Kullback–Leibler divergence (KL-divergence) as the distance function, as it has significantly better performance theorized in Yang et al. (2011). The clustering results of all possible k’s (usually ranging from 2 to 5, as higher k values require exponentially more time to run) were listed and k was chosen when the best cophenetic correlation coefficient is achieved, as proposed in Brunet et al. (2004).
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Cechą charakterystyczną cholestazy w przebiegu PFIC-3 jest podwyższona aktywność GGTP, która wymaga różnicowania z innymi przyczynami cholestazy zewnątrzwątrobowej – atrezja dróg żółciowych, torbiele i inne wady dróg żółciowych, kamica pęcherzyka i dróg żółciowych, czy wewnątrzwątrobowej – niedobór alfa- 1-antyproteazy, zespół Alagille’a, mukowiscydoza, toksyczne i polekowe uszkodzenie wątroby. Dla cholestazy zewnątrzwątrobowej typowe jest stwierdzenie odbarwionych stolców (także możliwe w niedoborze alfa-1-antyproteazy, zespole Alagille’a, mukowiscydozie czy innych typach PFIC), brak lub mały pęcherzyk żółciowy w badaniu USG jamy brzusznej. Cholangiografia metodą rezonansu magnetycznego pozwala wykluczyć stwardniające zapalenie dróg żółciowych lub inne patologie dróg żółciowych. Prawidłowe stężenie alfa-1-antyproteazy w surowicy oraz fenotyp alfa-1-antyproteazy pozwalają wykluczyć jej deficyt. Prawidłowy wynik badania przesiewowego noworodków w kierunku mukowiscydozy (dostępny we wszystkich województwach w Polsce od czerwca 2009 roku) oraz prawidłowe stężenie chlorków w pocie (w sytuacji braku wyniku badania przesiewowego lub w sytuacjach wątpliwych) pozwalają wykluczyć mukowiscydozę. Nieobecność wady serca, kręgów motylich, prawidłowy wynik badania oftalmologicznego w lampie szczelinowej oraz nieobecność cech dysmorfii twarzy pozwalają oddalić podejrzenie od zespołu Alagille’a .
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Acho que às vezes as pessoas se contaminam não é por falta de informação, não. Hoje, eu digo é por hoje, a informação está chegando por tudo quanto é canto. Tem jornal, tem campanha, televisão, tem outdoor, tem um monte de coisa informando. (E16 – sexo masculino)
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