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Figure 7 shows one particular case where maxDemand equals 2, and ξ equals 7%, as an example of the prediction results. The dashed lines show the predicted trajectories of each bus (each line represents a single bus) from BusSim-deterministic and BusSim-stochastic, whereas the solid line shows the synthetic real-time data. The models are used to make predictions of bus locations at the next time step (next 10 s) without any model training and calibration.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
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146,156 |
In this work, we demonstrated that the LT m-TiO2 can be adopted to construct a compact/mesoporous structured bilayer ETL to prevent the degradation of SnO2 by the high-temperature process. When the conventional m-TiO2 layer was deposited on the SnO2 layer and then the bilayer ETL underwent the high-temperature sintering process (BLH), the photovoltaic performance of this bilayer ETL-based PSC (BLH-PSC) deteriorated more than that of a single c-SnO2 ETL-based PSC (SL-PSC). On the contrary, when the oxygen plasma treatment was applied to the LT m-TiO2 deposited on the SnO2 (BLP), the PSC with this bilayer ETL (BLP-PSC) exhibited an excellent PCE of 15.36%, which is higher than that of the SL-PSC (13.68%). Moreover, detailed characterizations demonstrated that the SnO2/TiO2 bilayer ETL is beneficial for carrier extraction and transport.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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291,514 |
We selected videos from the set of Experiment 1A. 4 s, heard an interval played on the piano. Half of the times, the two successive intervals were identical and, in the other half, the piano interval differed of a semitone from the one in the video. After the piano interval, participants clicked on the ‘yes’ or ‘no’ options on screen presented via the questionnaire function of SMI Experiment Center. In the first block, we used only the natural, unaltered, videos as a baseline measurement, while in the second block, in ‘same’ (yes) trials, participants always saw an incongruent video, with the visual interval differing a semitone from the acoustic one.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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133,827 |
Fingerprint decoding can be public or private, depending on security requirements. A blind decoding algorithm does not require an embedded fingerprint or any part of the original data. The marked attribute(s) and tuple(s) are identified, and this submodule decodes fingerprint bits. The fingerprint decoding phase detects fingerprint string from a suspicious database to identify the traitor user. For detecting, the same preprocessing step and formulations are performed to start the decoding process. These prepossessing steps are the same as a repeat in embedding phase, logical data partitioning, threshold computation, selection of nominated attribute, calculate the value of m two-way partition, selection of string from the resultant array, and length of the resultant array FP. XOR function is performed between the resultant array and m and computes fingerprint bits. Fingerprint bits are generated the same as the length 0 to L-1 and this step is repeated L times. Suppose that the resultant bit and m bit are the same and the generated fingerprint bit is equal to the least significant bit of the attribute value. In that case, there is no change in the least significant value of the nominated attribute. Otherwise, flip the least significant bit of the nominated attribute. Store fingerprint bit 𝒻𝓅𝒾 in an array F˜Pi. When 𝒻𝓅𝒾 value is 0, make increment in the figure of zero else one.
| 1 | 2other
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246,865 |
Another interesting virulence gene harbored by the isolate is represented by spiC, located in the SPI-2, which is essential for intracellular survival and host defense escape. The spiC gene confers the ability to escape from macrophage defense, mediating the activation of signal transduction pathways .
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197,605 |
The measurement of fruit and vegetables (FV) intake in children and adolescents is critical for unravelling the association between dietary exposure and current and later adulthood health . To date, self-reports and observer-recorded methods are the most common dietary assessment tools. However, self-reported methods, such as 24 h dietary recall and food frequency questionnaires (FFQs), are subject to random or systematic measurement errors due to poor instruments, poor recall, or misreporting of dietary intake . For young children, parents or teachers must assist them to complete a dietary assessment . It is noteworthy that children may consume a significant amount of food outside the home where parents may not be aware . While teachers are serving many children, it may be difficult to record every student’s food consumption accurately . For older children and adolescents, social desirability seems to increasingly bias reporting accuracy . On the other hand, observer-recorded methods such as digital photography or plate weighing offer more valid estimation than self-reported methods , but these methods are laborious and are limited to studies with small sample sizes.
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237,837 |
(A) Blood delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity. (B) Rat paw thickness (in mm). All the values are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 5). The statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05, and statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs. control; @p < 0.05, @@p < 0.01 vs. lead; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 vs. ZnO NPs.
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100,682 |
Urinary calculi should be recognized as an important complication of acute gastroenteritis. They cause acute abdomen but may be overlooked, resulting in late diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis because of similar clinical symptoms. Persistence of oliguria despite apparent recovery of gastrointestinal symptoms should prompt clinicians to consider nephrolithiasis.
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115,502 |
In the light of continuous circulation of the virus in the Maghreb region of North Africa and its recent move towards the Northern part of Algeria and Morocco approaching Gibraltar and the extensive trade links with Europe (Spain, France and Italy), increased risk of introduction of PPR to Europe is a huge concern. Considering importing live animals from countries endemic for sheep and goat pox is forbidden, the movement of sheep and goats from North Africa to Europe is unlikely . However, movement of live animals from Europe to the Maghreb region have been noted, particularly towards the end of religious festivals like Ramadan and the month preceding Hajj. Therefore, there is a chance of PPR spread from North African countries to Europe through fomites, potentially through returning trucks used for transport of animals to North Africa, as well as through the illegal importation of meat or live animals. Therefore proper cleaning and disinfection of vehicles transporting livestock is essential before these vehicles return to Europe, as well as strong customs and quarentine control at routine sites of entry to Europe from North Africa .
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381,732 |
The surface of the Ta capping layer shows an increase in N-SLD due to a certain degree of oxidation with inhomogeneous stoichiometry as a function of depth. The literature value for full oxidation into Ta2O5, for example, provides a literature N-SLD of 4.85×10−6Å−2, which is at the lower limit of the determined error on the fit parameter. Such a larger variation from the nominal value could also arise from the post-growth treatment, including the lithography and etching processes, leading to a significant modification of the sample surface. A correlation between thickness, roughness and N-SLD values describing this surface layer, which is best represented with the profile shown in Figure 2c, prevents a more accurate determination of these parameters. The exact N-SLD of the surface layer or the correlation between its roughness and N-SLD does not influence the determination of the other layer parameters or conclusions presented in this report. Other SLD values are close to literature values for the elemental composition (Table 1) and within the range of values observed for untreated films of the same composition. Therefore, we assume that the sample treatment did not lead to drastic changes in the structural and chemical quality of the sample. In particular, we do not observe an enhanced diffusion region at the FM/AF interface, which was observed to increase significantly for doses above 1 × 1015/cm2 . This indicates that the applied dose is still at the lower limit for enhanced intermixing at the CoFe/IrMn3 interface. Further indication for the absence of significant structural and magnetic modifications due to the He+ bombardment is obtained from the absence of OSS in the saturating external fields, discussed in more detail below.
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263,154 |
The symptoms of cervicitis can be similar to vaginitis, with vaginal discharge, pruritus, or dyspareunia. C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae infections in women often do not produce vaginal discharge; however, if in the speculum examination, the presence of cervical mucous and cervical friability are observed, or if the swab test is positive, treatment for gonorrhea and Chlamydia must be performed, as those are the most frequent etiological agents of mucopurulent cervicitis 3 . Syndromic diagnosis of cervicitis is not effective for wide application, considering that it is asymptomatic in most cases 28 - 30 . The main consequences of cervicitis by Chlamydia and gonorrhea, when they are not treated, include pelvic inflammatory disease and its complications (chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility) 18 . Cervical lesions caused by the herpes simplex virus and by syphilis can also cause cervicitis 4 . It is important to highlight that herpetic cervicitis is frequent in the primo-infection and it can be related to genital discharge 3 .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
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299,075 |
The prognostic genes were validated by an external dataset and also in the Gepia web server (OS of 50 prognostic genes in 33 TCGA cancer types) (Supplementary Table S11). We further observed that 23 of our genes were validated in Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) and 18 genes in Brain Lower Grade Glioma (LGG), and 13 genes were validated in breast cancer (Supplementary Table S11). LncRNAs LINC01612, AC092142.1, and AC008969.1 were prognostic just in breast cancer; Therefore, they may be nominated as breast cancer-specific prognostic non-coding biomarkers (Fig. 6b). We also validated the stage specificity of the final stage-specific subnetworks in the ER-negative group. For every stage, the Zsummary values were lower than 2, and the Medianrank values were high enough to conclude that subnetworks were stage-specific in ER-positive samples (Supplementary Table S4). We could not validate the specificity of the identified subnetworks in stage four of ER-negative data due to the very limited number of samples.
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339,596 |
A recent study of cell wall biosynthesis in the cinv1 cinv2 mutant revealed reduced levels of cellulose and aberrations in the arrangement of cellulose microfibrils and underlying cytoskeletal elements. The authors suggested that deficient cellulose biosynthesis was at least partially responsible for stunted growth in cinv1 cinv2 seedlings. Consistent with this idea, levels of UDP-glucose (the substrate for cellulose synthesis) were lower in cinv1 cinv2 seedlings than in wild-type seedlings (Barnes and Anderson, 2018). The authors concluded that reduced carbon availability accounted for at least part of the cellulose deficiency phenotype, which in turn partly explained the slow and abnormal patterns of growth of the mutant. However other mutant phenotypes could not be explained by starvation. First, provision of exogenous sucrose or hexoses only partly complemented the cellulose biosynthesis and growth defects. Second, cinv1 cinv2 seedlings contained levels of sugars and starch comparable with or higher than those of wild-type plants (Barnes and Anderson, 2018). These observations open up the possibility that growth defects in the cinv1 cinv2 mutant may stem from abnormal patterns of sugar signalling, rather than directly from carbon starvation.
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290,586 |
Analysis of AHP6 (Arabidopsis HISTIDINE PHOSPHOTRANSFER PROTEIN 6) expression pathways combined with monitoring of auxin and CK susceptible reporters indicates that AHP6 acts as a repressor of CK signaling. AHP6 controls expression patterns of CK in the shoot and root. The CK may inhibit auxin function using AHP6 through CK feedback on the PIN transporters . A previous study has revealed that auxin stimulates the transcription of AHP6, acting as a negative regulator (repressor) of CK signaling [82–86]. There is strong evidence that AHP6 is regulated directly by auxin.
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229,397 |
Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women has its roots in gender inequality and is currently considered as a violation of women’s human rights . The World Health Organization considers IPV to be any behavior of an intimate partner or ex-partner that causes physical, sexual, or psychological harm to women (e.g., physical assault, sexual coercion, psychological abuse, and controlling behaviors), and estimates that one in three women in the world are affected by IPV during their lives .
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126,218 |
The traditional Fock-space approach is based upon a valence universal wave operator Ω, which, when acting on an appropriate model space, yields the desired wave function. The theory is based on a common vacuum, which defines holes and particles. Usually, an appropriate closed-shell single-determinant restricted Hartree–Fock (RHF) wave function is chosen as a vacuum. An appropriate Fock space, consisting of m holes and n particles (m,n sector), is defined for a specific problem. This also subdivides the holes and particles into active and inactive subparts. For example, for electron-attached states, a suitable Fock space consists of one particle, with respect to the RHF of the neutral ground state as a vacuum. This will thus define the (1,0) Fock space sector. The FSCC model space is defined as follows: (1)ψi0m,n〉=∑μcμiφμm,n〉 (2)ψim,n〉=Ωψi0m,n〉
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368,481 |
Therefore, in the face of the influence of low temperature and complex environment and the constraints of ice pressure measurement technology of field environment, it is necessary to explore a new method for continuous static ice pressure measurement applied to the field environment.
| 2 | 2other
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202,656 |
The pathogenesis of CTS is unknown but different theories have been suggested. The most popular theory is the entrapment theory introduced by Van Praagh and Corsini.5 This theory suggested that cor triatriatum results from entrapment of the left atrial ostium of the common pulmonary vein by tissue of the right horn of the sinus venosus from which septum primum develops, leading to failure of incorporation of the common pulmonary vein into the left atrium during the fifth embryonic week. However, no single theory explains the different presentation and wide spectrum of CTS. Yet, multiple classifications of CTS based on the completeness of the membrane and presence of associated anomalies have been proposed.3
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314,782 |
All the genes retained after the AWM analyses are in Tables S1, S2 and S3 [see Additional file 3: Tables S1, S2 and S3]. In the AWM analysis with RFI as key phenotype, all the traits were correlated (using SNP z-scores) with RFI (|r|≥ 0.25). Thus, the six traits were used in the AWM analysis, which decreased the number of variants from 8,602,123 to 15,977 SNPs among which 5761 were located in 626 genes (Table 3 and [see Additional file 3: Table S1]). Among these 626 genes, 231 were associated with RFI only and 155 were associated with RFI and at least one other trait (82 genes with FE, 53 with FI, 14 with both FE and FI, 6 with both RG and FE). The remaining 240 genes were associated with at least two traits other than RFI: 66 genes with RG and ADG, 57 genes with RG and FE and 48 genes with FI and FW. Overall, for the feed efficiency traits, this AWM analysis highlighted 386 genes for RFI, 179 for FE and 146 for RG and for the production traits, 133 genes for FI, 92 for FW and 130 for ADG (see Table 4).Table 3Number of genes retained for the three association weight matrix (AWM) analysesKey phenotype (KP)RFIRGFENumber of traits retained54 (not FI)5Number of genes specific to the KP231142169Number of genes common between the KP and traits155146179Number of other genes240138216Total number of genes retained626426564RFI residual feed intake, RG residual gain, FE feed efficiency ratioTable 4Number of genes associated with traits for the three association weight matrix (AWM) analysesTraitsKey phenotypeRFIRGFENumber of genes associated with traitsRFI386101155RG146288146FE179174348FI133NA133FW924492ADG130127130RFI residual feed intake, RG residual gain, FE feed efficiency ratio, FI daily feed intake, FW final weight, ADG average daily gain
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335,384 |
We also included measures of time taken to plan “ToL planning” and time to execute “ToL execution” each problem. For plan time, we recorded the time from the instruction “Now, make it look like this….” to the first ball placement. For execution time, time taken was measured from the first ball placement to the point when they released their hand from the last ball. All time measurements were recorded in seconds.
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76,868 |
Finally, there are immunoisolating implants, which use advances in the manipulation of materials on the nanoscale to produce membranes that are permeable to simple molecules such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and sugars, but are impermeable to larger and more complex molecules such as antibodies . These implants can thus be almost seen of as a condition sensitive implant by hybridizing a diffusive implant and a traditional organ or tissue transplant.
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355,865 |
COVID-19, which broke out at the beginning of 2020, has spread rapidly (Zhou P. et al., 2020). Its clinical manifestations are very similar to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). In severe cases, patients may go on to develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Patients with severe COVID-19 need intensive care to decrease mortality (Huang et al., 2020). As of July 13, 2020, there have been more than 12.8 million confirmed cases and 568,000 deaths globally (Johns Hopkins University, 2020).
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394,967 |
The early home language environment is crucial for children’s development, especially regarding verbal-based skills (e.g., Hart & Risley, 1995; Rowe, 2008). Given that the transition to parenthood adversely affects both couple relationship quality and mental health (Ahlborg & Strandmark, 2001; Doss, Rhoades, Stanley, & Markman, 2009; Gjerdingen & Center, 2003; Parfitt & Ayers, 2014) and the known negative impact of depression and anxiety on infant directed speech (e.g., Davis, Davis, Freed, & Clark, 2011; Jacob & Johnson, 1997; McLearn, Minkovitz, Strobino, Marks, & Hou, 2006; Paulson, Dauber, & Leiferman, 2006; Sohr-Preston & Scaramella, 2006), it is striking that the association between couple relationship quality and infant directed speech has yet to be investigated. By harnessing Language Environment Analysis (LENA) technology to collect a full day of naturalistic mother and father infant-directed talk, ratings from both parents on a multimeasure indicator of couple relationship quality (including couple satisfaction, conflict, and support) and controlling for both maternal and paternal depression at 4 months postpartum, the current study aimed to examine the unique association of couple relationship quality on infants’ home language environment.
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311,622 |
Mounting research has recognized the role of the physical environment and health among older adults . Housing is a core component of the built environment and is of particular importance to older adults who spend considerably more time in the home setting compared to other age groups . Older Americans overwhelmingly report their desire to age in place and in the communities in which they reside . Aging in place is associated with feelings of affinity towards the home and one’s broader neighborhood as well as improved physical and mental health, functional status and general well-being . However, research indicates that many older adults struggle to thrive at home due to a variety of health and other factors . Despite changing needs across the life course, research suggests that the majority of older adults have not considered or implemented universal housing design features that enable the ability to age in place .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
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33,494 |
The rest of the lesional assessment was unremarkable. While laboratory tests proved: renal inadequacy due to rhabdomyolysis as well as the left renal bruise having required the use of hemodialysis. The hepatic and pancreatic tests were disrupted. In front of these numerous visceral hurts, an open-air surgical repair cannot conceive because of the incurred risks: horrifying hospital mortality, hemorrhagic risk, sees at first: worsening of the already precarious respiratory state, risk of paraplegia. The endovascular treatment (processing) by the introduction of endovascular prosthesis turns out the ideal solution in our case (Figure 5).
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11,187 |
Regarding the current therapeutic management of H. pylori infections, we, the authors, are deeply concerned with two main points. First, we are well aware that the misuse and overuse of antibiotics pose a great threat to reaching the goal of eradication therapy efficacy and also can create a problem for the future by increasing the rate of antibiotic resistance, as “what does not kill you makes you stronger” and similarly “weaker antibiotics make stronger bacteria”. Thus, the selection of the most appropriate therapeutic strategy based on regional resistance rate is of the utmost importance. Second, H. pylori is transmitted from person to person and usually between family members, so there is the possibility of re-infection in cured patients living with other asymptomatic family members (carriers). Therefore, in the authors’ opinion, the “mass eradication” strategy may offer better efficacy of eradication therapy in regions with a high incidence of H. pylori-related gastric cancer. In the case of one member being offered eradication therapy owing to some clinical symptoms, the other members (>12 years) of the family should be screened as well and eradication therapy should be offered together to all who are positive for H. pylori infection. In this way, the possibility of re-infection from asymptomatic family members is avoided.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
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98,625 |
A particularly important challenge of interactive online experiments relates to participant dropout. While in the physical laboratory participants rarely leave a session, online experiments are more prone to dropouts which affect both the participant who is dropping out and their interaction partners (who still have to be paid for their participation). If dropouts happen for reasons exogenous to the experiment—e.g. due to network problems, frozen screens, or random distractions—they are just a (costly) nuisance to the experimentalist. Much more problematic are dropouts that happen endogenously, that is, people quitting because of what has happened in the experiment. Such dropouts could jeopardize the internal validity of experiments (Zhou and Fishbach 2016).
| 2 | 2other
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156,887 |
In the subsequent experiments, we evaluated EVs isolated from MSCs. Under TEM (Figure S1E), we observed round or oval‐shaped small vesicles with obvious heterogeneity in size. A membrane structure was observed on the periphery of the vesicles, with a low electron density in the centre. The results of NTA (Figure S1F) displayed that EVs exhibited irregular Brownian motion and had a diameter ranging between 40 and 100 nm. Flow cytometry results showed (Figure S1G) that the common markers for EVs (CD63, CD81) and surface adhesion molecules (CD166, CD73 and CD90) were expressed in MSC‐derived EVs. Immunoblotting results (Figure S1H) displayed that EV‐associated proteins (CD9 and CD63) were poorly expressed, and the EV‐negative protein Calnexin was not expressed in MSC‐derived EVs, thus indicating that MSC‐derived EVs were successfully isolated.
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69,387 |
The sounds used for training and testing were produced with a specialized software (Amadeus Pro, http://www.hairersoft.com/) by editing natural sounds that were originally generated by stepping on the laboratory floor, clapping hands, hitting a plastic cage, hitting a metal can, scratching a metal mesh, and jingling keys. One representative sound segment from each of these natural sounds was duplicated 9-12 times to make respective multi-segment sound trains. The ramped-down forward natural sound (F) used for conditioning was a footstep sound. Specifically, the conditioning sound was 4.7 s in duration and composed of 10 F segments with an identical spectrum except for the amplitude, which varied within a range of ±6 dB. The intersegment intervals were fixed to a relatively long value of ∼0.5 s. Each F segment (110 ms in duration) had a ramped-down envelope with its peak pressure at 5 ms soon after sound onset and a spectral bandwidth extending up to ∼12 kHz. Much of its energy was distributed in the lower frequency region (Fig. 1). Other sounds were constructed in a similar way and used as distracters (nontarget sounds, NTs). The training sound set, which was played several times per day, consisted of six different sounds, including one F train and five NT trains (intersound intervals of ∼60 s), presented in a randomized order for different trials, sessions, days, and animals. For the behavioral testing and imaging experiments, each segment of the F stimulus train was simply reversed in time to make the time-reversed version of F (revF; Fig. 1).
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24,468 |
The species, community structure, coverage, and biomass of the Poyang Lake were investigated from September 7, 2013, to September 14, 2013. GPS and lake electronic map were used to set sampling points, and the samples of aquatic plants were collected at each sampling site. The category of aquatic plants in the Poyang Lake was defined according to the reference of Cook . Division of “cluster” is based on the principle of dominant species, which is named as the name of the group. If a cluster is with two or more dominant species, different dominant species of the same layer were connected with “+,” and the dominant species of different layers were connected with “−.” At the sampling sites, amphibians, emergent plants, floating-leaved plants, and floating input plants were directly observed and recorded. Submerged plants were preliminarily identified with water sickle after collecting water and the characters of flowers, leaves, and fruits of each plant as well as field growth photos and accurate identification of aquatic plant species and genus . For amphibian and emergent plant clusters, 6 samples of 2 m × 2 m were set randomly within 500 m2 of each sampling point, and the total biomass (fresh quality) of the aerial parts of all the plants was measured and the biomass per unit area was calculated. For plants with large plant biomass, such as Phragmites communis Trin., we could estimate the number of plants in the quadrats. After selecting the representative fresh weight of the plants, we could calculate the standing amount of the plants. As the species with smaller biomass, such as Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb., all the plants in the quadrats were collected and their fresh weight was calculated, and the mean values were calculated after several measurements of plant height. The floating-leaved plant cluster, the floating input plant cluster, and the submerged plant cluster were harvested 6 times randomly in the range of 500 m2 for each sampling point with an underwater sickle with a cross-sectional area of 0.785 m2, and the plant was uprooted and then washed, removing residual sticks and other impurities. The fresh weight of each plant was weighed and the frequency, coverage area, and coverage were recorded (visual method). All the plants, together with the roots, were dug and washed, and the plant depth was measured .
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315,371 |
Reviewer #2: This manuscript selected a representative reclaimed wetland park in Xuzhou city to assess the ecologic regime change and spillover effect, the results demonstrated that the ecosystem service value and ecological storage capacity have changed after the subsided waterbody changed to wetland, which will help improve the land price of surrounding areas.
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| 2Review
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193,390 |
DateEvent30/01/2020Dossier received by EFSA. Vitamin E/all‐rac‐alpha tocopheryl acetate for all animal species. Submitted by EUROPE‐ASIA Import Export GmbH.11/02/2020Reception mandate from the European Commission28/04/2020Application validated by EFSA – Start of the scientific assessment22/06/2020Request of supplementary information to the applicant in line with Article 8(1)(2) of Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003 – Scientific assessment suspended. Issues: characterisation, safety 18/08/2020Reception of supplementary information from the applicant ‐ Scientific assessment re‐started08/12/2020Request of supplementary information to the applicant in line with Article 8(1)(2) of Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003 – Scientific assessment suspended. Issues: safety 12/02/2021Reception of supplementary information from the applicant ‐ Scientific assessment re‐started29/07/2020Comments received from Member States17/03/2021Opinion adopted by the FEEDAP Panel. End of the Scientific assessment
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23,642 |
In part due to the presence of clear precursor lesions, the step-wise pathogenesis of colorectal cancer was well described over two decades ago . The efforts of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and international consensus groups have collectively taken important steps to form consensus definitions of the colorectal cancer subtypes, with the aim of aiding future research efforts . The majority of colorectal cancers demonstrate activation of the wnt/B-catenin pathway, in part due to inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene, APC. Relevant to therapeutic targeting, in metastatic disease RAS (KRAS or NRAS), mutations are seen in over 50% of patients, with BRAF mutations seen in 5–10% . Additional emerging targets include HER-2 amplifications, seen in 2–5% of all colorectal cancers . When considering genomic instability across various cancer types, colorectal cancers fall in the middle of the pack in terms of the average tumoral mutation load, though there is marked heterogeneity .
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| 2Review
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284,323 |
Affective dichotomization of sensory stimuli is hardwired in the normal anatomy and function of the amygdala (Kim et al., 2016). Such hardwired polarization is evolutionarily important as it enables rapid either-or responses when subcortical affects and survival instincts guide behavior (e.g., freeze-fight-or-flight). The development of PFC, one of the key hubs in attention-reorienting (Corbetta et al., 2008) and working memory networks (Wang et al., 2006), has enabled humans to carry out internally chosen goal-directed behavior and avoid affective distractions by maintaining attention, planning, and volition, aka “executive function.” The latter is one of the two main functions of working memory, the other is to maintain information “online” for comparisons, recognitions, and contrasts (Miller et al., 2018). In the vast majority of human personal and interpersonal emotional situations, balanced and reflective rather than extremized and reflexive mind and behavior are adaptively advantageous, while amygdala-driven reactions remain important for emergencies.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
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379,606 |
The MW fixture, as shown in Fig. 6b was precision milled from non-magnetic brass. A 50 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\Omega$$\end{document}Ω stainless steel RF connector (Part Nr. 1052902-1, TE Connectivity) was mounted on the front panel of the fixture. To avoid extensive MW signal loss and reflection effects, the microstrip signal launch region was designed so that (i) the ground return path was continuous and minimal and (ii) impedance mismatches were minimised51. Addressing (i), the brass surface in contact with the microstrip ground plane was continuous and smooth, minimising surface resistance. For point (ii), the 50 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\Omega$$\end{document}Ω condition was maintained at the transitions between the connector and the fixture, as well as the connectors’ signal pin and the microstrip. For solderless and flexible mounting of the resonators, a low-loss dielectric bar made from Teflon was used to provide an electrically reliable compression contact.Figure 6(a) Photograph of a bonded wafer stack featuring 30 individual microstrip resonators. The insets demonstrate the loading of aqueous sample (colored by blue pigments) via capillary forces. (b) Fabricated MW fixture, equipped with a resonator chip. (c) Fabricated ODNP probe head, shown with the MW microfluidic chip being inserted into the stacked figure-8 NMR transceive coil. Figure used with permission41.
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244,654 |
The sensory figures of CCRFR were fixed with II-order polynomial model and the equations obtained were as follows. (15)Color=7.98−0.070A+0.018B−0.019AB+0.23A2−0.29B2 (16)Texture=8.20+0.23A+0.089B−0.13AB−0.43A2−0.41B2 (17)Taste=8.52−0.017A−0.17B+0.038AB−0.40A2−0.51B2 (18)OAA=8.57+0.018A−0.32B+0.023AB−0.22A2−0.49B2
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202,814 |
The lack of explanatory power hampers the deployment of ML in real-world scenarios for a variety of reasons. As a first limitation, black-box algorithms are poor decision support systems (Doran, Schulz & Besold, 2017): domain experts such as doctors or financial analysts would hardly take into account an algorithmically-generated second opinion without an argument to support it, or a measurable score of trust (Jiang et al., 2018). From a legal viewpoint, in the European Union AI systems are regulated by law with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)—which includes directives on algorithmic decision-making (Goodman & Flaxman, 2016). For instance, GDPR states that: (i) The decisions which produces legal effects concerning (a citizen) or of similar importance shall not be based on the data revealing sensitive information, for example about ethnic origins, political opinions, sexual orientation, …; and (ii) The controller must ensure the right for individuals to obtain further information about the decision of any automated system. While the required explanations of a complex socio-technical system concern the decision process as a whole, clearly good explainability algorithms would help supporting the provisioning of detailed explanations for ML components (Edwards & Veale, 2017).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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184,080 |
The current study supplied an effective procedure for variable selection from hyperspectral images, reducing data redundancy and obtaining a prediction efficiency close to that obtained by the full spectrum PLS-DA model. The obtained results enable the possibility to build a multispectral detection system based on filters analyzing selected spectral regions, with a significant reduction in costs compared to a conventional full spectrum hyperspectral camera and ensuring a high quality of recycled PET stream.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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253,872 |
EPR Spectroscopy. The oxide samples for EPR measurements were all prepared similarly to the PL samples avoiding contact with air. 2.9 mm EPR tubes made of high purity quartz were attached to a quartz flange and connected to a vacuum line. The catalyst was loaded into the tubes up to a bed height of 0.5–1.0 cm, degassed, and heated under dynamic vacuum (<5 × 10−6 mbar) to 900°C for 6 h, applying a heating rate of 5°C/min. After cooling down, the samples were sealed under vacuum with a torch. In addition, the carbonate samples were measured as prepared without any activation process.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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163,332 |
The purpose of the Stern Conversion behaviour is for the blue UAV to maneuver itself behind the red UAV such that a number of conditions are met. These are that |ATA| ≤ ATA ub , |AA| ≤ AA ub and R min ≤ R ≤ R max . The exact values of these parameters depend on the purpose of attempting a stern conversion (such as obtaining a visual identification, air to air refuelling, formation flying or putting the blue aircraft into an offensive zone). In this work we use the values of ATA ub = 60°, AA ub = 30°, R min = 100 m and R max = 6000 m, which represent the conditions for a rear quarter visual identification of the red UAV. The scoring function for the stern conversion maneuver S sc is defined as Ssc=wggpa+1−wgρsc (14) Where w g is a constant weight balancing the reward of maintaining the goal condition and orienting towards the goal. We set this value to 0.8. g pa , the score given for satisfying the goal is defined as gpa=1.0,if Rmin≤R≤Rmaxand|AA|<AAuband|ATA|<ATAub0.0,otherwise (15) Where AA ub is π6(30°) , ATA ub is π3(60°) , R min is 100 m, R max is 6000 m. We specify the reward score as ρ so as to not overload the symbol R which is used to specify the range between the two aircraft. The reward score for the stern conversion behaviour ρ sc is made up an angular orientation component and a range component. This means in order to maximise the score both the relative angular orientation and the range between the two aircraft need to be considered. ρsc=12121−|AA|π+1−|ATA|π+exp−2R−RdπkR (16)
| 1 | 2other
| 0Study
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17,729 |
Cells were lysed in RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitor cocktail and phosphatase inhibitor cocktail. Protein concentration was determined by the BCA assay (Pierce). The equal amount of total protein was resolved by SDS-PAGE and transferred to PVDF membranes (Millipore, Bedford, MA). Membranes were blocked with 5% non-fat milk in PBS for 1 h and then incubated at 37°C for 1 h or at 4°C overnight with the indicated primary antibodies. Membranes were washed with PBS/0.1% Tween 20 (PBST) and incubated for 1 h at room temperature with the appropriate secondary antibodies conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. Membranes were then washed and bound antibodies were visualized by ECL detection system and relative photographic density was quantitated by a geldocumentation and analysis (AlphaImager 2000, Alpha InnotechCorporation, San Lean 189 dro, CA).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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70,391 |
Nicotine is transported from the roots to the vacuoles of leaves by xylem. NUP1 is a plasma membrane-localized transporter, which promotes the import of nicotine from the extracellular medium into the cells [62, 63]. JAT1 [64, 65] and MATE1, 2 [45, 65] were located in the tonoplast of the leaf cells, and they play a major role in nicotine translocation in the aerial parts and deposition in the vacuoles. Therefore, we presumed that the nicotine transport efficiency was also improved in the hybrid F1.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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379,412 |
The cut-off value was defined at the point with best sensitivity at best specificity and set at 0.32. Of the 111 sheep sera, 54 sera were identified as true positive and 32 sera were found to be true negative. False positive results were shown for 15 sera and false negative results for 10 sera, resulting in a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity of 68% as shown in Table 3.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
298,906 |
In advanced stages, C5 volatiles increased, as LoxC, involved in C6- and C5-volatile generation , was downregulated only in earlier stages . Additionally, in advanced ripening stages, a decrease in lycopene-derived volatiles was observed, which correlates with the lower lycopene content found in heat-stressed plants . Unlike other compounds also essayed in this study that recovered once the stress had ended, the volatile compound content did not return to normal levels, implying the high sensitivity of the tomato fruit volatilome to heat .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
173,857 |
We investigated the distribution of fluoride concentrations in different White Blood Cell (WBC) groups and in different hemoglobin (Hb) groups. The patients were divided into two groups according to the count of WBC in blood, leukopenia group (WBC < 4 × 109/L) and none leukopenia group (WBC ≥ 4 × 109/L). The median serum concentration of PFOA (10.38 ng/mL, 6.19 ng/mL) and PFOS (5 ng/mL, 2.21 ng/mL) reached statistical difference in leukopenia group and none leukopenia group with p = 0.0215 and p = 0.0484 respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups for the remainder fluorides. The detailed data was shown in the Table 4.Table 4Correlation between fluorides and hematological damagePFOAPFNAPFDAPFUnAPFDoAPFTrAPFOS8:2Cl-PFESAWBC(× 109/L) ≥ 4.010.38(5.26 ~ 15.29)1.44(0.87 ~ 2.19)0.91(0.33 ~ 1.45)0.36(0.18 ~ 0.52)0.09(0.07 ~ 0.12)0.11(0.07 ~ 0.14)5(2.17 ~ 6.82)0.29(0.14 ~ 0.58) < 4.06.19(3.11 ~ 7.15)1.19(0.7 ~ 1.67)0.97(0.53 ~ 1.56)0.35(0.24 ~ 0.68)0.09(0.07 ~ 0.13)0.13(0.07 ~ 0.16)2.21(1.85 ~ 3.58)0.19(0.12 ~ 0.57)p0.02150.13900.72630.94220.28330.80130.04840.6113Hb(g/L) ≥ 1009.44(5.795 ~ 15.44)1.48(1.03 ~ 2.14)0.92(0.46 ~ 1.37)0.34(0.20 ~ 0.50)0.09(0.07 ~ 0.12)0.11(0.08 ~ 0.14)4.50(2.31 ~ 6.78)0.36(0.14 ~ 0.57) < 10010.87(6.21 ~ 14.94)1.44(1.11 ~ 2.24)1.03(0.51 ~ 1.41)0.42(0.29 ~ 0.54)0.09(0.07 ~ 0.16)0.11(0.08 ~ 0.15)5.19(2.79 ~ 6.67)0.25(0.14 ~ 0.54)p0.38870.40000.56630.04230.52970.25550.47320.5598PFOA Perfluorooctanoate, PFNA Perfluorononanoate, PFDA Perfluorodecanoate, PFUnA Perfluoroundecanoate, PFDoA perfluorododecanoate, PFTrA Perfluorotrdecanoate, PFOS Perfluorooctanesulfonate, 8:2Cl-PFESA 8:2 Chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate, WBC white blood cell, Hb hemoglobin
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
262,661 |
Furthermore, objective parameters such as pad test and pH were also analyzed according to BMI and patient’s age (data not shown). BMI was divided into three sub-groups. < 25 (n = 19), 25–30 (n = 34), and > 30 (n = 6). Improvement according to the pad test was found statistically significant in all groups (p < 0.01, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). The pattern seen with the changes in pH was similar to that seen in the pad test (Fig. 1B). This shows an improvement until treatment 3 and then a slight reversion in the following months. Furthermore, the pH changes revealed a more significant outcome in the older age groups.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
224,528 |
Metabolites were first tentatively assigned by comparing very accurate precursor masses to public databases (<10 ppm of difference between measured and exact compound mass), taking advantage of the high resolution of the qTOF instrument. Only those m/zs fulfilling significant conditions in the block study were further validated by using MS/MS data. MS2 spectra were then matched against public databases (Human Metabolome Database (HMDB), MassBank, GNPS and NIST 14, using a 5 ppm threshold) to validate metabolite identification. Different collision energies were applied to each parent mass and resulting spectra were employed for database comparisons. Identifications were only validated when at least the precursor mass and three MS2 ions were coincident.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
345,458 |
In summary, 5 272 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) with ≥98.5% identity with a reference sequence in the eHOMD and represented by ≥2 sequences were identified. Overall, 11 phyla, 129 genera and 484 named species or unnamed phylotypes were taxonomically assigned. Details of the overall sequencing results are described in the Supplementary information online.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
142,061 |
Bioelectrochemical synthesis is a highly promising application of microbial electrochemical technologies for sustainable production of organic compounds. When waste treatment and valorization are included, it becomes even more significant, contributing to circularity. Monitoring the bioelectrochemical synthesis will allow to control and achieve greater efficiency from the process. Controlling these processes is often accomplished by regulating the potential of the reactions, but when microbes are involved, this may not be sufficient, resulting in poor reproducibility of the findings. Additional control is needed for industrial applications. This highlights the critical role of biosensors in controlling bioelectrochemical production, while also emphasizing the development of materials that are more sensitive and their miniaturization.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
275,807 |
Preliminary experiments in MC-based films containing SNC concentrations in the range 5–25% (w/w) suggested that addition of 15% (w/w) SNC into MC resulted in formation of the coherent and relatively strong films. Here, the MC and MC-SNC solutions as outlined in Section 2.4 were deaerated using a vacuum pump (YC7134, Suli Instruments Co. Ltd., Wenlin, China) and then casted on glass molds. After that, the film-forming solutions were dried in an environmental chamber (GZ-150-HSII, Kezhi Instruments Co. Ltd., Shaoguan, China) at 48 °C and 55% RH for 8 h.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
359,485 |
As described above, internal friction depends on the composition and microstructure of the material. The microstructure evolution of SiCf/SiCm composites under a high-temperature oxidation environment will lead to a reduction in internal friction. Generally, if the internal friction is too small, it will not be enough to dissipate sufficient energy, which may cause resonance to damage the turbine engines . Therefore, the oxidation tendency of SiCf/SiCm composites must be limited. At present, adding environmental barrier coating on the surface of composites is a feasible method to isolate the composite from the external environment . In addition, improving the fabrication process and increasing the density of the SiCf/SiCm composites to reduce the oxygen diffusion channel into the composites can also help to improve the internal friction performance.
| 4 | 2other
| 0Study
|
17,580 |
To test Hypothesis 3, we assumed that the AV-adjusted scores provided clearer support for the Big Five Factor structure of personality, compared to the original scores, which were DIF-affected items and failed to show measurement invariance. Overall, we found the AV-adjusted scores better predict the estimated level of the latent factor, including more reliable and factorially-pure scales aligned with the Big Five Factor structure. They are therefore more in line with previous findings (mostly based on exploratory factor analysis) regarding the Big Five factor structure (notably obtained with samples that are more homogenous culturally than the two chosen for the present investigation). It has to be noted that Model #4, based on the AV-adjusted scores for the Filipino sample, did not have acceptable fit. However, with personality data, a confirmatory factor analysis is not always desirable due to specific characteristics of the data (e.g., model complexity; Hopwood and Donnellan, 2010; Fischer, 2014). In general, the confirmation of the third hypothesis is also in line with the findings of the graded response model (Hypothesis 2). In conclusion, all psychometric characteristics are improved following the AV-adjustment: AV-adjusted items that are DIF-free appear to improve comparability across countries.
| 4 | 2other
| 0Study
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90,573 |
Figure 5a shows the CVs of NiO HPA and NiO BHPA electrodes with and without 1 mM glucose. A pair of well-defined peaks located at 0.48 and 0.38 V are clearly investigated in curve III, which are related to Ni2+/Ni3+ redox couple. The redox peak current of curve III is obviously higher than that of curve I. This is related to the collapse of hollow architecture and the decrease of SSA. Upon the addition of glucose, current responses are clearly observed on both electrodes (curve II and IV). NiO HPA electrode exhibits higher current response than that of NiO BHPA electrode. In addition, the onset potential for electrooxidation of glucose on NiO HPA electrode (0.43 V) is lower than that of NiO BHPA electrode (0.46 V), revealing higher electrocatalytic activity. The high electrocatalytic activity is attributed to large amounts of active sites, ordered pore structure, and high electron transfer rate provided by the hollow porous structure. The electrooxidation of glucose on NiO HPA electrode is driven by Ni2+/Ni3+ redox couple in alkaline medium according to the following reactions [30, 31]:4\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ \mathrm{NiO}\to {\mathrm{Ni}}^{2+}+{\mathrm{O}}^{2-} $$\end{document}NiO→Ni2++O2−5\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ {\mathrm{Ni}}^{2+}+{\mathrm{OH}}^{-}\to {\mathrm{Ni}}^{3+}+{e}^{-} $$\end{document}Ni2++OH−→Ni3++e−6\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ {\mathrm{Ni}}^{3+}+\mathrm{glucose}\to {\mathrm{Ni}}^{2+}+\mathrm{gloconic}\ \mathrm{acid} $$\end{document}Ni3++glucose→Ni2++gloconic acidFig. 5a CVs of NiO BHPA (I, II) and NiO HPA (III, IV) electrode with (II, IV) and without (I, III) the presence of 1 mM glucose in 0.1 M NaOH at scan rate 50 mV/s. b Nyquist diagrams EIS and equivalent circuit of NiO HPA and NiO BHPA in 0.1 M NaOH solution. c CVs of NiO HPA electrode at various scan rates in 0.1 M NaOH with 1 mM glucose and d the relationship between peak current and square root of scan rates
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
80,013 |
How ABIN1 regulates Tat ubiquitination remains to be answered. Since ABIN1 can act neither as E3 ligases to ubiquitinate substrates nor as deubiquitin enzymes to disassembled ubiquitin chains, it may functions indirectly on Tat to regulate its ubiquitination. HDM2 emerged from previous report as the E3 ligase of Tat to promote its polyubiquitination . We then tested whether ABIN1 was able to down-regulate HDM2-promoted ubiquitination of Tat. Myc-HDM2 and Flag-Tat were co-transfected into HEK-293TABIN1-KO cells with Myc-ABIN1 or Myc-ABIN1-QE2 mutant. Flag-Tat was immunoprecipitated under denaturing conditions followed by blotting with ubiquitin antibody. Results showed that wild-type ABIN1 significantly inhibited Tat ubiquitination promoted by HDM2, while ABIN1 QE2 mutant could not (Fig. 7a), supporting the hypothesis that ABIN1 inhibits HDM2-promoted Tat ubiquitination.Fig. 7ABIN1 regulates the ubiquitination of Tat by modulating the distribution of HDM2. a HEK-293TABIN1-KO cells were transfected with plasmids encoding Myc-ABIN1 or Myc-QE2, together with Myc-HDM2, Flag-Tat or plasmid vectors as indicated, and subjected to IP as in Fig. 4a. b HeLa cells were transfected with expression vectors encoding or Myc-ABIN1, Myc-QE2, Myc-HDM2, Flag-HDM2 or Flag-Tat individually (upper panel) or in combination (middle and lower panel) as indicated for 24 h. Then cells were washed with PBS and harvested for Immunofluorescence analysis. Mouse anti-Myc and rabbit anti-Flag antibodies were used as primary antibodies, FITC-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG and Rhodamine-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG were used to detect the two proteins. The consensus scale bar was 20 μm
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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17,623 |
DNA end resection is the decision point that commits cells to DSB repair by HR-mechanisms and not NHEJ. Incomplete resection results in reduced NHEJ and IR-sensitivity, which can be rescued by inhibiting resection initiation by repressing CtIP38. To assess the role of USP48 in NHEJ vs. HR, we measured IR sensitivity of USP48-depleted cells and their ability to reconstitute green fluorescent protein (GFP) in a NHEJ cut substrate (Supplementary Fig. 8a). USP48-depleted cells showed a slight reduction in NHEJ and slightly increased sensitivity to IR (Supplementary Fig. 8a–c). These small effects were lost when CtIP was co-depleted (Supplementary Fig. 8d, e), suggesting that the IR-sensitivity seen in USP48-depleted cells is due to resection. This minor resection-dependent NHEJ impairment suggests USP48 contributes only in a small way to the decision between HR-mediated repair and NHEJ.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
173,103 |
As a specific transcriptional microenvironment, the cluster is dynamic and cooperative in its nature. This means that many participating transcription factors, including FOSL1, are replaceable by other molecules on a competitive basis. Consequently, the participating transcription factors act as a block. They also represent an integral part of the transcriptional activator complex, which recruits chromatin-modifying proteins (e.g., p300 , MSK1, EZH1, BRG1/SNF2L4 , and KDM4A/JMJD2A ) and interacts with RNA polymerase II .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
147,521 |
The main limitation of the present study was the small number of participants. The specificity of this populations does not enable large scale studies and therefore we must rely on the accumulation of more contributions before a clear tendency is established. Another limitation is that the differences herein do not necessarily support possible differences in adaptations to partial ROM training as apposite to full ROM training.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
9,962 |
As a retrospective cohort study, our analyses were affected by various kinds of biases. Known confounders like age and gender were adjusted in multivariate analysis and unknown confounding factors would pull results into either direction. Most interested characteristics in the study were objective measurements, so it was less likely that our results were influenced by recall bias; and measurement bias mainly pulled results into the null. Selection bias did exist and might either exaggerate or weaken the results. Besides, the sample size was small.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
275,210 |
Note that if the researcher’s prior information on alpha taxonomy only consists of conspecific constraints, then σ^=0 because in that case the probability of all lineages belonging to the same species would have a probability of 1. Similarly, if the researcher’s constraints are all heterospecific constraints, then σ^=∞ because this will assign a probability of 1 to a scenario in which every tip is its own species. Thus, one would expect a plausible estimate of σ only when the set of input constraints has at least one conspecific and at least one heterospecific constraint.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
149,365 |
Collectively, the results in this study demonstrated that IL-10 was upregulated in the cortex, hippocampus, and lung after HI and exerted its antiapoptosis function and neuroprotective effect by regulating the expression of Bcl-2 and ERp29 which were the downstream signaling molecule of IL-10. Therefore, IL-10 might be a target for HIE treatment, and our study may provide novel insights into investigations for HIE.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
76,930 |
As shown in Figure 6c, the sensitivity of the z-axis in response to z vibration inputs was quantified as 3480.71 ± 417.20 V/(m/s) at 30 Hz, which was higher than the corresponding sensitivities in the x and y axes. It was speculated that due to the effect of the membranes, the motion of the liquid under the membranes, which was considered as the part with the largest velocity caused by the external horizontal vibration, cannot convert the horizontal velocity into the channel-direction velocity completely. Thus, external vibrations at the z direction without the energy loss in velocity conversion can lead to higher voltage outputs in comparison to x and y directional vibrations. The ratios of output and the crosstalk uz/ux and uz/uy were quantified as 8.84 and 11.57 at 30 Hz.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
259,916 |
Overall variation in ultra-processed food (UPF) intake during the Italian lockdown (9 March – 3 May 2020) following the COVID-19 pandemic and separately in the ALT RISCOVID-19 and Moli-LOCK study cohorts. , Stable; , mild increase; , high increase; , mild decrease; , high decrease
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
246,164 |
Briefly, in the present study we evaluate: (a) miR profile in subject and controls; (b) potential effects of the anti-hypertensive drugs enalapril, losartan and olmesartan on CD14+ monocyte miR profile in hypertensives without hypertension-mediated organ disease; (c) potential associations between clinical parameters and miR profile.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
313,900 |
This international survey was endorsed by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) and promoted by the Neuro-intensive Care (NIC) and the Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) sections. An electronic questionnaire, including 38 items and 3 different clinical scenarios [PaO2 / inspired fraction of oxygen (FiO2) (PaO2/FiO2) > 300, 150–300, < 150], was available on the ESICM website between November 2018 and March 2019 (Appendix 1 in the Additional file 1). The survey was developed by two investigators (E.P. and C.R.) following a non-systematic review of the literature on respiratory management in TBI patients. The questionnaire was created considering some issues around this topic, such as low levels of evidence, lack of good quality studies and controversial results from observational trials. The survey was designed to identify (a) characteristics of the participants demographics, type of hospital/specialty and available neuromonitoring tools (questions 1 to 10), (b) protocols for mechanical ventilation and weaning (questions 11, 12 and 14) and (c) respiratory management strategies (questions 13 and 15 to 38). The target audience was ESICM members who had agreed to participate in ESICM surveys at the time of their membership registration and who treat patients with TBI in their clinical practice. The investigators invited the target participants to involve more respondents locally. Participants did not receive compensation for their participation in the survey, which was distributed via the ESICM office, thus protecting data confidentiality and anonymity. The survey was registered within the ESICM Survey portfolio and no ethical approval was required. The questionnaire was not specifically tested in a pilot cohort of potential respondents but underwent a peer-review process within the ESICM Research Committee.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
50,675 |
To measure velocities, 20 animals of the appropriate adult ages were picked onto a 10 mm agar plate without food and placed on an aluminum plate maintained at 20°C. Animals were allowed to move for 5 mins, and movement was then recorded for 30 mins at a rate of 1 Hz using a USB 3.0 camera (PL-D721, PixeLINK) and the Capture OEM image capture application (PixeLINK). Velocities were calculated using custom written scripts in MATLAB.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
91,714 |
The Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed significantly correlated data between the reference values and the EE values from each watch for the first three stages (r = 0.63–0.85, p < 0.05), except for the Suunto watch during the first stage (r = 0.30, p = 0.22). The MAE, MAPE, and RMSE for all running intensities are presented in Table 2. For the Garmin watch, the underestimated value of EE during the first stage was significantly different (p = 0.01) from the EE measured by the criterion measure. In contrast, the Suunto Ambit2 significantly overestimated EE during stage 1 (p = 0.002) and stage 2 (p = 0.003). In Fig. 1, the data of each tested watch and the reference method are presented using Bland-Altman plots. For the low to moderate running intensities overall, the mean bias (±1.96 SD) was 1.99 (−1.56; 5.54) kcal/min for the Suunto Ambit2, −0.85 (−3.73; 2.04) kcal/min for the Garmin Forerunner920XT, and −0.18 (−2.77; 2.41) kcal/min for the Polar V800 (Fig. 1). No systematic errors were observed during the low to moderate intensity running, except for the Suunto Ambit2 during stage 1 (p = 0.004; Fig. 1).Table 2Concurrent validity (tested device vs. criterion measure) of the three sports watches30% vVO2peak 50% vVO2peak 70% vVO2peak 90% vVO2peak 110% vVO2peak Mean difference [%] Suunto Ambit238.09 ± 42.0636.29 ± 20.5719.16 ± 18.03−21.62 ± 12.54−31.85 ± 10.54 Garmin Forerunner920XT−25.16 ± 16.09−4.87 ± 29.34−8.83 ± 10.50−37.94 ± 8.82−49.30 ± 9.18 Polar V80012.20 ± 21.65−3.61 ± 15.04−4.29 ± 12.02−29.98 ± 9.68−39.52 ± 8.89MAE [kcal/min] Suunto Ambit21.462.752.324.157.05 Garmin Forerunner920XT1.051.281.396.5610.40 Polar V8000.860.891.215.208.37MAPE [%] Suunto Ambit241.9336.3021.3223.0531.85 Garmin Forerunner920XT26.2817.5911.5437.9449.30 Polar V80022.7611.4310.0929.9839.52RMSE [kcal/min] Suunto Ambit21.823.272.744.887.81 Garmin Forerunner920XT1.221.981.777.0510.81 Polar V8000.931.261.675.758.81Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation vVO 2peak speed at maximal oxygen uptake, MAE mean absolute error, MAPE mean absolute percentage error, RMSE root mean square error Fig. 1Bland-Altman plots for Suunto Ambit2, Garmin Forerunner920XT, and Polar V800. Presented in groups for low to moderate running intensities (30%, 50%, and 70% vVO2peak) and high-intensity running (90% and 110% vVO2peak). The mean bias is marked as a solid black line, and ±1.96 times standard deviation as dashed black lines. vVO2peak: speed at maximal oxygen uptake
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
242,986 |
Both types of the heteromeric μ-V1b receptor agonists enhanced the access to β-arrestin 2, indicating that antagonists acting on the binding sites of opioid and vasopressin in the μ-V1b receptor could reduce further access and signal of β-arrestin 2. Therefore, our study highlighted the usefulness of antagonists specific to the heteromeric μ-V1b receptor, if available. Such antagonists can spare the μ receptor monomers and homomultimers, which function as receptors for the morphine analgesia31. Another strategy for reducing the development of tolerance is an antagonist or partial agonist that can block the binding of AVP to the μ-V1b receptor. A previous study highlighted the importance of the signaling pathway downstream of the μ-V1b receptor23. Genetic deletion of the whole V1b or specific deletion of the V1b C-terminus, knockdown of β-arrestin 2, and inhibition of ERK phosphorylation reduced morphine tolerance in both in vivo and in vitro models. Moreover, administration of a V1b antagonist to the rostral ventromedial medulla of mice effectively increased morphine analgesia and delayed the development of morphine tolerance23. Therefore, the V1b receptor in the μ-V1b dimer is an effective drug target.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
395,987 |
Surprisingly, antibiotic exposure did not have a detectable effect on the lower airway microbiome. Marsh et al. also failed to demonstrate an effect of current antibiotic use on the lung microbiome of young, non-CF, children . While Zemanick et al. did show a clear correlation with antibiotic use and reduced diversity, a large proportion of the cohort from that study were on antibiotics as the BALs were performed for clinical reasons in symptomatic subjects, which included a significant number of adult CF patients . Pittman et al. demonstrated lower diversity in infants on anti-Staphylococcal antibiotics, a finding we did not replicate, but which may be partly explained by the use of a broad spectrum antibiotic (amoxicillin-clavunate) in the Pittman study compared with flucloxacillin in our study . A relatively small number of infants in our cohort had quite extensive exposure to intravenous and/or oral antibiotics but this did not differentiate their microbiome from those with little or no antibiotic exposure. It may be that, as children were required to be at a stable baseline for bronchoscopy, previous perturbations of the microbiome had resolved at the time of sample acquisition .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
23,506 |
In addition to overseeing taxonomic decisions, the ICTV is also charged with disseminating these decisions to the scientific community. Therefore, the ICTV maintains a database that stores the virus taxonomy, taxon names, and associated metadata, including information on exemplar viruses for each named species. The ICTV web site (http://ictv.global) provides access to its taxonomy database and also provides an extensive collection of information supporting its overall activities, including the ICTV Report that provides a complete description of every defined virus taxon.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
298,546 |
Regarding the computing performance of APRANK, the majority of the time is dedicated to run the predictors used internally, most of which run in a reasonable time in a commodity server. However, there are a few bottlenecks (most notably predictions by NetSurfP). This should be improved in a future version in order to offer APRANK e.g. as a web-service. Future work will also explore the possibility to extend APRANK to also use data from other experimental (non-computable) sources, such as evidence of expression derived from proteomic or transcriptomic experiments.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
208,081 |
Inside the ISS, the spectrum of the vibrations oscillates between the steady frequencies to 300 Hz. Nonetheless, these vibrations possess different magnitudes, ranging from 1 × 10−5 m/s2 at low frequencies to 1 m/s2 at high frequencies . Given that the lower acceleration levels are approximately one millionth of the Earth’s gravity (1g ≈ 9.8 m/s2), the environment inside the ISS is considered to be µg.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
59,814 |
The vibrational spectroscopy in the infrared region was recorded on a FT-IR Bomem Michelson 102 spectrometer in the 4000 – 350 cm-1 region using KBr pellets. Conductance data were performed in dry acetone, using a Micronal model B-330 connected to a platinum electrode, with 0.089/cm constant cell, using 1 mM solutions of the complexes, at room temperature. The elemental analyses were performed with EA 1108 CHNS microanalyser (Fisons Instruments), in the Microanalytical Laboratory of the Chemistry Department of the Federal University of São Carlos. Electrochemical experiments (cyclic and pulse voltammetry) were carried out at 25 °C in CH2Cl2 containing 0.10 M Bu4NClO4 (tetrabutylammonium perchlorate, TBAP), recorded with a Bioanalytical Systems Inc electrochemical analyzer, model BAS-100B/W. The working and auxiliary electrodes were stationary platinum; a system Ag/AgCl in Luggin capillary probe was used as a reference electrode. Under these conditions, the ferrocene couple (Fc+/Fc) is oxidized at 0.43 V. The NMR experiments (1H, 13C{1H, 31P{1H}, 1H-1H gCOSY, 1H-13C{1H} gHSQC and DEPT-135) were recorded on a Bruker DRX 400 Ultrashield™ (400.132 MHz for hydrogen frequency, 100.623 MHz for carbon frequency and 161.976 MHz for phosphorous frequency), referenced with TMS (tetramethylsilane). In the 1H, 13C{1H}, 1H-1H gCOSY, 1H-13C{1H} gHSQC and DEPT-135 experiments, 25 mg of final metal complexes were dissolved in deuterated acetone (DMSO-d6, Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc., USA). 31P{1H} stability experiments are reported in relation to H3PO4 (85% v/v), using a capillary containing D2O.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
345,802 |
In figure 2, I suggest using more descriptive X axis labels – I had to go back to the results to remind myself which experiment was which (although they are not clearly labeled experiment 1,2, and 3 there either). I suggest: During Foraging, Unrewarded Foraging, Time-Shifted Foraging. A and B labels are also missing.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
279,367 |
Many works linked apoptosis and VSMC calcification in both human sample and animal models. For instance, massive apoptotic cell death found in both human and animal atherosclerotic plaques , suggests that apoptosis could promote calcification of providing matrix through the release of apoptotic bodies in nidus along with nucleation sites of VC. In calcification model of uremia, apoptosis is positively detected with calcification of VSMCs, which always occurs before calcification. The observation exhibited that in which apoptotic bodies were normally found to encompass with high concentrations of calcium by accumulating on extracellular matrix (ECM), and eventually leading to calcification .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
48,994 |
Girls who received a diagnosis of idiopathic CPP were enrolled in the study. The main criteria for a CPP diagnosis were; i) onset of breast development (Tanner breast stage 2) before the age of 8, ii) progression of pubertal development during follow-up for at least six months, iii) accelerated linear growth and advancement of bone age (BA), and iv) a basal LH level of ≥1 IU/L or a peak LH >5 IU/L measured during an intravenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test. The control group consisted of healthy, prepubertal girls (Tanner stage 1) of similar age and body mass index (BMI) to the CPP patients. None of the girls in the control group had acute or chronic illnesses nor used any kind of medication. Physical examination and anthropometric measurements of the patients were performed by the same clinician (A.A.). Pubertal staging of each subject was recorded according to the Tanner classification (12). Height was measured by a stadiometer and weight was measured by a calibrated scale. The BMI was calculated as weight divided by height squared (kg/m2) and the BMI-standard deviation score (SDS) was calculated by using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention charts (13).All patients with CPP were treated with an intramuscular injection of leuprolide acetate (LA) at a daily dose of 3.75 mg for 28 days. A single X-ray of the left hand and wrist was performed to evaluate BA in the CPP group and the assessment of BA was performed by a single clinician, according to Greulich and Pyle (14). Pituitary magnetic resonance investigation (MRI) was performed on all patients. Pelvic ultrasonography for the evaluation of ovarian and uterine measurements was performed in all required patients.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
321,022 |
Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism software (6.00v, San Diego, CA, USA). The normality of the data were evaluated by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov normality tests. When the equal variances criterion was not met, Welch’s correction was applied. Data from BBB test was assessed by a repeated-measures ANOVA test. Differences between groups were compared with the post hoc Bonferroni test. Immunofluorescence and cytokine concentration data were analyzed using the Student’s t-test or Mann–Whitney according to normality results. Statistical significance was defined for p < 0.05 (95% confidence level). Data are shown as mean ± standard error (SEM). All statistical analysis results (positive and negative) can be found on Table S1 data.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
340,420 |
Allele-specific reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to confirm the chromosome location of RAB383del and RAB381dup mutations in double heterozygotes animals. Sequencing of the allele-specific cDNA amplicons encompassing exons 1–3 revealed that the RAB383del and RAB381dup mutations in double heterozygote animals were located on different chromosomes (Supplementary Fig. 2).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
334,546 |
Recently, concerns about potential harms stemming from secondary uses have led a number of digital service providers to restrict access to born-digital data. Facebook and Twitter, for example, have reduced or eliminated public access to their application programming interfaces (APIs) and expressed hesitation about allowing academic researchers to use data from their platforms to examine certain sensitive or controversial topics. Despite the seeming abundance of born-digital data, we therefore cannot take its availability for granted.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
381,156 |
Figure 3 indeed reports the difference in percentage between the indicator values for the alternative models and the correct one. Including the entropy in the calculations of the indicators, according to relations (5) and (6), improves the separation between the right models and the incorrect candidates. It is important to notice that this separation keeps increasing with the number of points, indicating good asymptotic properties. A scan in the noise, whose results are reported in supplementary materials, reveals that the new indicators continue also to provide better separation between the optimal and the incorrect models for all the levels of noise investigated.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
122,462 |
For the cross-analysis, the team examined the core ideas represented within each of the domains across all participants. In this stage of analysis, the team consensually grouped core ideas into common themes and constructed categories and subcategories within each domain. Consistent with the CQR methodology, categories and subcategories were labeled as general if they applied to 29 to 30 cases (i.e., participants), typical if they applied to 16 to 28 cases, and variant if they applied to 2 to 15 cases.25 Through team discussions, consensual revisions were made to study data until results were finalized.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
355,360 |
Superspreading had special attention in SARS outbreaks in Singapore and China in 2003, since they helped in understanding transmission dynamics . In Singapore, five people caused more than half of the 205 cases (and 163 cases led to zero secondary transmission). In 2015, in Korea, only 5 cases of MERS originated 154 secondary cases (166 cases led to zero secondary infections)[13, 15]. For COVID-19, one of the most emblematic cases of superspreading at the beginning of the pandemic was the “Patient 31”, who was linked to a cluster with more than 5.000 cases in Daegu, South Korea .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
200,226 |
HDL function may be also modulated by dietary approaches. Hernáez et al. investigated the effect of a Mediterranean diet from the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) study. Two dietary varieties were investigated, one enriched with virgin olive oil (VOO) and the other with nuts: both raised the CEC relative to baseline in addition to a raised vasodilating capacity. The VOO intervention decreased CETP activity and increased HDL ability to esterify cholesterol, paraoxonase-1 arylesterase activity, and HDL vasodilatory capacity .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
392,668 |
Faced with diverse probing conditions, we first assessed the compatibility of the conclusions drawn from different probing data, including the probing-free run of IPANEMAP as a control. We used the methodology described in the Materials and Methods and, for each condition, computed the base pair probability distribution (aka dot-plot) in the pseudo-Boltzmann ensemble induced by the reactivity profile. We then computed the Ensemble Distance, the squared Euclidean distance between dot plots, for each pair of conditions. Figure 5 summarizes the pairwise distance, projected onto a 2D surface by a principal component analysis. A systematic cross-analysis of raw reactivities revealed a positive, if modest, correlation between conditions, but did not support a clear partition of profiles based on probing technology or presence/absence of Mg2 + (see Supplementary Figure S4).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
43,245 |
A discussion of exactly when the mylpa promoter is active during muscle differentiation (or a characterisation of it in the context shown) is also missing. Is it really restricted to terminally differentiated cells in the micro injection mosaic assay used?
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
366,281 |
A rich sampling design was chosen, containing 10 sampling time points for meropenem measured in the first and third dosing occasion, and 17 sampling time points from 4 dosing intervals for caspofungin, respectively. The sampling times were optimized iteratively in simulation and estimation studies, whereby it was aimed to assure that the sampling design was itself unbiased. Sampling times were eventually set to 0.1, 0.7, 1.6, 4.1, 7.0, 15.0, 16.1, 16.7, 17.6, 20.1 h for meropenem and 0.5, 0.7, 12.0, 18.0, 23.5, 24.5, 30.0, 36.0, 47.5, 48.5, 54.0, 60.0, 71.5, 72.5, 78.0, 84.0, 95.5 h for caspofungin, resulting in unbiased sampling designs for both drugs. The sampling times were motivated by D-optimal sampling designs calculated in the TDMx software (www.TDMx.eu), and refined in stochastic simulation and estimation studies until an unbiased sampling design was established.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
175,866 |
Despite thousands of years of psychedelic use in religion and recreation, the earliest known written record of magic mushroom use in the Florentine Codex (a manuscript of ethno-graphical research of Mesoamerica, particularly of Mexico and the Aztecs, compiled between 1529 and 1579
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
354,378 |
Patients with pelvic traction lie supine on the traction bed, bend the hips and knees, place both feet on the bed, and keep waist attach to the bed. For the patient whose lumbar curvature uncurls or whose lumbar muscle is obviously tense, traction therapies should place a thin pillow approximately 1.5 cm high under his lower back of the waist. Traction posture is body bent at hips and knees. Traction weight is equal to 25% to 30% patients weight for the first time, 2 kg weight increased each time, until the traction weight reach at 40% to 60% of patients weight. The specific standard should be based on patients tolerance. Therapist uses intermittent traction method, lasts for 40 seconds, pauses for 10 seconds, 20 minutes each time, once every other day, 3 times a week, 4 weeks in all.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
299,949 |
Female and male mice of C57BL6/DBA2 background (H-2b/d) over-expressing hα-Syn under the PDGF-β promoter (D Line) were used in this study56,58,91. A total of 62 Tg hα-Syn mice (n = 28 male and n = 34 female) at age 2.5–4.5 m/o at the start and 12–14 m/o at the end of the experiment have been used in this study (Fig. 1a). All animals were housed in a temperature and Slight-cycle controlled facility, and their care was under the guidelines of NIH and an approved Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) protocol at UC Irvine.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
337,261 |
Among the several hundred genes induced or repressed as a result of in-vitro heat stress, an effort was made to filter out genes related to; heat shock protein family, apoptosis; steroidogenesis and oxidative stress (Table 2). A heatmap and hierarchical clustering of the top 45 significant (P < 0.05) differentially expressed genes with |FC| > 1.5 and P < 0.05 demonstrates the relatedness of samples, as shown in Fig. 6c. Table 2List of genes classified in major functional categories during post heat stress (relative to Control) in bGCs
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
172,661 |
Many activities involved both music and language, to differing degrees. Most obviously, songs, raps, and chants contain both musical and linguistic elements. More inventively, as described below, in several activities normally classed as linguistic, such as reciting a poem, the focus was on maintaining rhythm, ‘melody’ and body movement. Conversely, several musical activities explicitly imitated rhythms and melody of specific utterances, and (for the Turn-taking group) the type of prediction and turn-taking typical of natural conversation.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
186,937 |
On-table reconstruction technique is first described by Businger et al., which allows the radial head fragments fixed on the operation table with preliminary fixation using reduction clamps and 1 mm Kirschner wires . This technique provides an optional treatment method and solves a critical challenge that ORIF is almost impossible to repair comminuted fractures with more fragments. Subsequent published series have proved the availability of this technique. Kiran et al. have shown that following Ex situ reconstruction technique, six patients with Mason type-III radial head fractures have a satisfactory motion of elbow with the mean Broberg and Morrey score of 90 points. But non-union occurs in three patients and avascular necrosis in one patient in their study. Latterly, in another study by Everding et al. , the mean Mayo Elbow Performance score is 82 points and DASH score is 20 points with asymptomatic non-union occurred in one patient, and no signs of avascular necrosis are observed. Additionally, several on-table techniques using polylactide pins or surgical glue are reported with satisfactory to good surgical outcomes [10, 11]. Accordingly, this technique provides an optional solution for complicated radial head fractures. Nevertheless, since only a few studies have investigated small amounts of patients with conflicting complication rates, the treatment effects of on-table technique may be discrepant in different cases and its reliability needs to be evaluated cautiously in the practical surgical process.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
177,254 |
Additional file 1 : Table S1. Collagen family for collagens of interest in stomach cancer.Additional file 2 : Table S2. MutSig 2CV v3.1 analysis of significantly mutated collagen genes in STAD TCGA cohort. Data downloaded from Firebrowse.Additional file 3 : Table S3. Average expression level of each collagen gene in the STAD TCGA cohort. Values are RSEM.Additional file 4 : Table S4. Collagen gene combinations identified from combinatorics approach.Additional file 5 : Table S5. Summary of COL7A1 protein expression in stomach tumors from Rhode Island Hospital as assessed by immunohistochemical staining.Additional file 6 : Figure S1. Alteration frequencies of collagens in ACRG and HK/Pfizer datasets. A. Alteration frequencies of sequenced collagens in other stomach cancer cohorts. B. Kaplan-Meier analysis of COl11A1, COL5, COL4, COL6 mutations in the ACRG targeted sequencing dataset compared to the same set of collagen genes in the TCGA cohort. Figure S2. Survival analysis of somatic mutations in each collagen gene. A. Kaplan Maier analysis of tumors with any type of mutation in each collagen gene across the whole STAD TCGA cohort. Tumors with the designated collagen mutation are in red. Wild-type tumors are in blue. P-values determined by log-rank test. B. Kaplan Maier analysis of tumors with truncation mutations in each collagen gene across the whole STAD TCGA cohort. C. Kaplan Maier analysis of tumors with any type of mutation in each collagen gene in MSIH cases. D. Kaplan Maier analysis of tumors with truncation mutation in each collagen gene in MSIH cases. Figure S3. Identification of combinations of collagens genes associated with overall survival relative to background. A. All mutations across the whole TCGA cohort. B. Representative examples of combinations of 2 collagens associated with overall survival. C. Combinations of all mutations in MSS tumors only. D. Combinations of all mutations in MSIH tumors only. E. Example of collagen genes with truncation mutations most frequently associated with overall survival when combined, classify MSIH tumors into high and low overall survival risk. Figure S4. Collagen mutations have MSIH and MSS context dependent differences in overall survival. Mutations in COL5A3 and COL14A1 have different associations in MSIH and MSS tumors even though the total number of mutations is similar. Figure S5. MSIH and MSS tumors have distinct microenvironments in TCGA. A. MSI status was associated with outcome in ACRG but not in TCGA. B. Comparison of MSIH and MSS stomach tumors by pre-ranked GSEA reveals differences in expression. Each heatmap plots the Normalized Enrichment Scores (NES) from the GSEA. NABA ECM gene sets were expressed higher in MSS tumors compared to MSIH tumors. Many immune cell expression signatures including cytotoxic cells were expressed higher in MSIH tumors compared to MSS tumors. B cells were expressed higher in MSS tumors. The majority of cancer hallmark expression signatures were expressed significantly higher in MSIH tumors compared to MSS tumors. Figure S6. Pre-ranked GSEA of collagen mutation combinations in Table S4 for the whole TCGA STAD cohort shows consistent impact for each mutation combination. A. Hallmarks for combinations with both missense and truncation mutations. B. The NABA and immune signature genes sets for combinations with both missense and truncation mutations. C. Hallmark, NABA, and immune signature gene sets for combinations with just truncation mutations. D. Clustering of hallmark gene sets for tumors with missense mutations only in the whole TCGA cohort showed significant difference for the EMT hallmark relative to overall survival. P-value calculated by Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Figure S7. In MSS cases, pre-ranked GSEA of tumors with either a missense or truncation mutation combination as listed in Table S4 show impact of collagen mutations on pathways some of which are correlated with overall survival. A. For all mutations in MSS cases, some hallmarks such as EMT were associated with overall survival as shown in the heat map and box plot. P-value calculated by Kolmogorov-Smirnov. B. NABA ECM and immune signature gene sets in MSS tumors. Basement membrane and macrophage signature gene sets were among the gene sets most associated with overall survival, showing consistent downregulation in tumors with mutant collagens and higher expression in wild-type tumors. P-value calculated by Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Figure S8. In MSIH cases, pre-ranked GSEA of tumors with either a missense or truncation mutation combination as listed in Table S4 show impact of collagen mutations on pathways some of which are correlated with overall survival. A. Clustering of hallmark gene sets partitions tumors with collagen combinations by overall survival. Box plot shows the significant difference in the EMT hallmark as defined by combinations associated with high or low risk of overall survival. B. NABA gene sets showing large differences in Basement Membrane and ECM Affiliated gene sets relative to overall survival. C. Immune cell signature gene sets showing large difference in Tregs and Macrophage expression signatures. P-value calculated by Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Figure S9. In MSIH cases, pre-ranked GSEA of tumors with only missense mutation combinations as listed in Table S4 show impact of collagen mutations on pathways some of which are correlated with overall survival. A. Hallmark gene sets. B. NABA ECM sets. C. Immune cell gene signatures. P-value calculated by Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Figure S10. In MSIH cases, pre-ranked GSEA of tumors with only truncation mutation combinations as listed in Table S4 show impact of collagen mutations on pathways some of which are correlated with overall survival. A. Hallmark gene sets. B. NABA ECM and immune cell signature gene sets. P-value calculated by Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Figure S11. COL7A1 is expressed in some tumor cells in STAD. Representative images of COL7A1 protein and RNA expression in stomach adenocarcinoma. A. Immunohistochemistry (A, C, E) and in situ hybridization (B, D, F) for COL7. Stromal localization in C, E, D, and F, and mixed stromal and carcinoma localization (at white arrows; A, B). B. Higher magnification of panels A and B from S7A showing expression by IHC in panel A and ISH in panel B of COL7A1 in epithelial regions. The arrow shows ISH signal in tumor cells. C. Representative images at higher power of COL7A1 protein expression by IHC in the epithelium and stroma. D. Representative image of COL7A1 protein expression in normal human skin. Note the line of expression in the ECM between the dermal and epidermal layers (red arrow). Cells expressing COL7A1 show cytoplasmic signal as they are overexpressing COL7A1 to be secreted to form the “anchorage” line. Figure S12. Comparison of pathological germline and somatic mutations in STAD in three collagens. Comparison of the distribution of mutations across each gene and a lollipop plot mapping the somatic mutations to the protein domains. A. COL1A1 and COL1A2. B. COL4A1 and COL4A2. C. COL5A1 and COL5A2.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
91,195 |
To this aim, we have carried out experiments testing the ability of 6-MP to inhibit epithelial cell adhesion and invasion by the AIEC strain LF82, important pathogenic processes directly involved in the onset of chronic inflammation in CD (Eaves-Pyles et al., 2008). In order to clearly distinguish between effects on bacterial virulence and on inhibition of Rac1/Rac2 in human cells, LF82 cultures were treated with 6-MP exclusively prior to incubation with epithelial cells, which were thus never exposed to 6-MP in our experiments. 6-MP concentrations used in these experiments did not perturb LF82 growth rate or total biomass in overnight cultures (Figure 1A and Supplementary Figure 1), indicating that neither viability nor the overall physiological state of the bacterium were affected, and were well below therapeutic doses administered during CD treatment (Pearson et al., 1995). Our experiments clearly demonstrate that pre-conditioning of LF82 overnight cultures with 6-MP was sufficient to impair its ability to adhere (Figures 1B, 2), and consequently to invade (Figure 1C), epithelial cells. Another important virulence mechanism described for AIEC is its ability to survive and replicate within macrophages (Glasser et al., 2001). Our results show that uptake of 6-MP-treated LF82 by human MDMs was likewise impaired (Figure 1D), strongly suggesting that exposure of AIEC to 6-MP can induce a long-lasting inhibition of its cell adhesion determinants involved in interaction with different human cell types. Our results strongly demonstrate that 6-MP can inhibit adhesion to epithelial cells, and consequently their invasion, by AIEC, and impair its uptake by macrophages, exclusively targeting bacterial cell processes. As internalization into human epithelial cells, and survival in macrophages, represent strong triggers for CD inflammation (Eaves-Pyles et al., 2008; Bringer et al., 2012), inhibition of bacterial adhesion and phagocytosis might play a crucial role in anti-inflammatory activity of 6-MP. At the same time, however, reduction of AIEC uptake might result in reduced clearance of these bacteria in CD patients treated with 6-MP, which in the long term could undermine the beneficial effects of these drugs.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
151,070 |
The most common bacterial strains, including soil bacilli capable of inhibiting biofilm formation, can be found in the rhizosphere of plants, various bodies of water, and other microbial communities. For example, various authors have shown that a high abundance of AHL-degrading bacteria can be found in the rhizosphere of potatoes, mainly belonging to the genera Agrobacterium, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Delftia, Ochrobactrum, and Rhodococcus .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
210,178 |
The viscous mucus is a main problem in patients with CF. DMBT1 was detected in the mucus using immunohistochemistry. Alveoli were filled with DMBT1-positive mucus and it has to be assumed that DMBT1 locally inactivates surfactant in CF as described earlier in infants with respiratory distress syndrome . The cilia, a protective mucus layer and an airway surface liquid layer are the components of the mucociliary apparatus. All of those three parts are important and work together to remove inhaled particles from the lung . It is known that CF patients have huge problems with mucus clearance and take strong efforts to eliminate the viscous mucus out of their respiratory tract. Normally, human ciliated respiratory epithelial cells are able to remove mucus with low viscosity, but this is aggravated in cystic fibrosis because of the high viscosity of the mucus. Submucosal glands contain both, mucous and serous cells. The serous cells secrete proteoglycans and various antimicrobial proteins . Glands associated with respiratory airways show DMBT1 expression . Our study results demonstrate that treatment with human recombinant DMBT1 decreases ciliary motility of human ciliated respiratory epithelial cells in vitro. This finding suggests that increased DMBT1 levels in patients with CF may impede the ciliary function and thus mucus removal. In conclusion, DMBT1 seems to be a potential biomarker for airway inflammation in CF and CF lung disease. Further studies that analyze longitudinal samples of patients with CF along with their clinical data or at least cross-sectional data of patients with predefined, different stages of CF lung disease are needed in order to establish DMBT1 as a biomarker to monitor progression of CF lung disease. Further research that correlates DMBT1 levels in respiratory fluids (e.g., sputum, nasal lavage) with disease activity is needed. The described findings are not specific to DMBT1, but also occur in a comparable way for other inflammatory markers (e.g., neutrophil elastase [31, 32], and Cathepsin S ).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
98,713 |
To determine which growth factor is linked to increased vascular leakage and astrocyte loss in early diabetic retina, we performed ELISA for retinal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ang1/2. Retinal Ang2 level was increased at 1 and 3 weeks after diabetic induction (from 88.9±1.3 pg/mg to 98.11±2.2 and 102.7±4.6 pg/mg, respectively, P=0.018 by one-way ANOVA; Supplementary Figure S1a). With post hoc test, retinal Ang2 at 3 weeks was significantly increased compared to control (P=0.017; Supplementary Figure S1a). However, retinal VEGF and Ang1 levels were not significantly changed up to 3 weeks after diabetic induction (Supplementary Figures S1b and c). In qPCR analysis of diabetic retina (up to 7 weeks after diabetic induction), Ang2 and Ang1 mRNAs were significantly elevated after 3 weeks (Figures 2a and b). However, Vegfa mRNA was significantly increased after 5 weeks. (Figure 2c). The physical and metabolic parameters of the mice used in ELISA and qPCR were shown in Figure 2g. To explore the possibility that the increased vascular leakage was due to the astrocyte loss by Ang2, we injected Ang2-blocking antibody in diabetic mice at 2 weeks after STZ injection. The retina of anti-Ang2-blocking antibody-injected mice showed increased astrocyte coverage (349.3±49.8%) compared to the loss of astrocyte coverage in PBS-injected diabetic mice (100.0±15.2%, P<0.05; Figures 2d and e). In addition, anti-Ang2-blocking antibody attenuated vascular leakage (72.4±6.3%) compared to the vascular leakage in PBS-injected diabetic retina (100.0±5.3%, P<0.05; Figure 2f). These findings suggested that astrocyte loss by Ang2 was associated with retinal vascular leakage and it could contribute to retinal vascular leakage in the STZ-diabetic mice.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
380,262 |
A review paper by indicated that several studies provided conflicting results on the association between plasma cholesterol levels and the development of dementia (e.g., ). Results range from no effect, positive effect, and negative effect on the progress of dementia.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
306,740 |
Recommendations for adjuvant radiotherapy were margins status (close or positive), tumor depth of invasion >5 mm; nodal status (single positive lymph node if metastasis diameter is <2 mm). Recommendations for adjuvant radio-chemotherapy were positive margin, presence of a single positive lymph node if metastases diameter is >2 mm; presence of two or more positive lymph nodes; presence of node with extracapsular extension (ECE).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
82,492 |
Defective production of specific antibodies in response to polysaccharide antigens is a major risk for infection and other complications in patients with antibody deficiencies. Currently, specific antibody responses to Pneumovax are measured in individuals with symptoms suggestive of a deficiency of antibody production . Interpretation of the response to pneumococcal vaccination is becoming more challenging. High pneumococcal pre-immunization levels in the general population may limit the response to vaccination . Cross-reacting antibodies and different immunogenicities of the large number of different serotypes may complicate interpretation of the response further. The undoubted success of the polysaccharide-protein conjugated vaccine Prevnar may hide the response to the pure polysaccharide vaccine and with the initial reports of a polysaccharide-protein conjugated vaccine developed for 15 serotypes, availability of Pneumovax may become limited .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
260,237 |
All significant correlations presented in Table 1 were used for adjustment of element concentrations through multiple regression. The basic statistical parameters of the original and adjusted values are presented in Table 2. The adjusted data had the same means, but the differences between the minimum and maximum values were reduced. This resulted in the reduction of the coefficient of variation (CV) for all elements by 0.2–6.4%. A factorial ANOVA (genotype x year) was performed for each element, using original and adjusted data (Table S2). The level of significance of the main factors (genotype and year), using original and adjusted values, was identical. However, for five of the elements (Ca, Mg, P, S, and Cu) the interaction of genotypes x year was not significant (p > 0.05) using the original values, although it was significant when adjusted values were used in the ANOVA. This indicates that adjustment contributed to the higher capacity to distinguish significance of these important interactions. Overall, the adjustment of element concentrations using multiple regression was well justified and provided a more balanced approach for comparison of genetic resources and individual genotypes.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
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