id
int32 0
398k
| text
stringlengths 204
42k
| educational_score
float32 1
5
| domain
class label 3
classes | document_type
class label 4
classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
92,929 |
Variation and oscillation can be used to measure the speed of convergence of certain convergent families of operators. The operators of variation and oscillation have attracted many researchers’ attention in probability, ergodic theory, and harmonic analysis. Bourgain obtained variation inequality for the ergodic averages of a dynamic system, his work has launched a new research direction in harmonic analysis. Campbell, Jones, Reinhold, and Wierdl in established the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$L^{p}$\end{document}Lp-boundedness of variation operator and oscillation operator for the Hilbert transform. Recently, many other publications have enriched this research direction [3–7].
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
49,859 |
Clonogenic progenitors were determined in methylcellulose medium (MethoCult GF M3434, StemCell Technologies) using 2 × 103 fetal liver cells per well (6-well plate) [20–21]. Colonies were scored after 7 days of the initial culture, and all cells were collected and washed twice in phosphate-buffered saline. Subsequently cells were cultured at 2 ×104 per well in the same medium. Colony scoring and replating were repeated every 7 days for at least four times, or until no colonies were observed in the cultures.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
358,825 |
Coding sequences for the thirteen mitochondrial genes were codon-aligned in frame using pal2nal (version 14) for the UAE individuals. The number of polymorphic sites per population (S), nucleotide diversity (π), Watterson theta (θ), and Tajima’s D were calculated using MEGA6. This was conducted for different haplogroups as well as for each city in the UAE. We used NGSrelate (version 2) to estimate relatedness and plotted kinship matrix relationship among the different 232 female individuals. We inferred the strength of selection using dN/dS metric implemented in HyPhy using the method BUSTED.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
70,702 |
Monitoring of infections by each clonal variant was based on colony forming unit (CFU) counts. The lungs and spleen of the infected mice were individually homogenized in PBS supplemented with 0.05% Tween 80. Serial 10-fold dilutions of the homogenate were plated on Middlebrook 7H11 agar (Difco). The growth rates for each clonal variant were calculated by linear regression of the CFU logarithm. Eighteen mice were infected, and 3 mice were analyzed at each point for each strain (day 1, week 1, and week 3).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
149,704 |
Long-term durability With the aim to assess the durability and the signal stability of the prepared strain sensor over long-term operations, the sensor was tested for its relative change in resistance over 10,000 cycles of stretch and release, with a peak strain of 100%. The strain rate was set to 100%/s for both stretching and releasing. The measured result over the 10,000 cycles is demonstrated in Figure 5d. The resistance of the sensor maintained a base value with a small deviation, and a peak value that slowly decreased as the sensor experienced more cycles. The sensitivity of the sensor was reduced by less than 10% after 5000 cycles and 18% after 10,000 cycles. However, it is worth noting that the sensitivity of the sensor was found recoverable to its initial value at about 3.40 after the sensor was left resting for several minutes. This phenomenon indicates the sensitivity variation of the sensor may be caused by the imbalanced ion distribution which gradually deteriorated during the continuous loading and unloading cycles, and the balance was restored after settling the sensor for a period of time. Overall, these experimental results confirm the prepared strain sensor has great durability over long term operation, as well as the capability of continuous measurement of large and rapid strain.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
267,285 |
Wild pigs were captured between May 2015 and May 2017 using open-topped box traps (2.5 m deep × 1.25 m wide × 1.5 m high) and corral traps (5 m diameter), both with drop doors. Traps were pre- baited for 10–14 days with soured corn. After capture, adult wild pigs were immobilized using Telazol 50 mg/ml (Zoetis. Parsippany, New Jersey, USA) and Xylazine 100 mg/ml (Akorn Inc. Lake Forest, Illinois, USA ) mixed following the recommendations of established dosages (Telazol, 4.40 mg/kg; Xylazine, 2.5 mg/kg)71–73. During anesthesia wild pigs were measured, sexed, physiological samples taken for other studies and fitted with one of three global positioning system (GPS) collars (3300L Lotek Wireless Inc., Newmarket, Ontario, Canada; CatLog Gen 2 GPS, Perthold Engineering LLC, Dallas, Texas, USA 75243; or igot-U, Mobile Action Technology, Inc., Taiwan) that were programmed to record a location every 30 min. Wild pig capture and handling procedures were administered under approved University of Florida Animal Care and Use Committee protocols (#201408495 and #201808495) and all methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. The study complies with ARRIVE guidelines.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
183,148 |
Tuberculosis remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases in the world. The causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, regulates the host defence system to survive and replicates through various pathways. In recent studies, the role of miRNAs in the innate and adaptive immune responses upon Mtb infection has been explored. miRNAs are involved in many pathways to alter immune responses by regulating various gene expressions in the host cell. However, there are some limitations in this regard. miRNAs are not entirely gene-specific or disease-specific. Apart from this, innate and adaptive immune response, autophagy and apoptosis are common phenomena in different inflammatory diseases. Same miRNAs can be involved in the pathogenesis of such inflammatory diseases, and it is challenging to separate tuberculosis from other inflammatory diseases based on the miRNAs signatures. Hence, multiple studies have focused on the signatures of shortlisted miRNAs and their expression associated with the pathogenesis of tuberculosis. With this aim, we have reviewed research articles published on differentially expressed miRNAs in clinical samples collected from tuberculosis patients and shortlisted miRNAs consistently shown in more than one clinical sample. This could help in identifying candidate miRNAs for tuberculosis detection.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
369,930 |
Children with congenital heart disease are a specific patient group. To further overcome the injuries and damage caused by X-rays and contrast agents in children, the Second Department of Cardiology, National Children’s Medical Center, started using only ultrasound guidance without X-ray in March 2018. Percutaneous PDA occlusion requires no thoracotomy, avoids X-ray irradiation, and does not require extracorporeal circulation. All 32 cases were successfully occluded during one operation. The operation time were significantly reduced, and no major complications occurred during follow-up. The overall quality of life of the children was improved by different degrees compared to that before surgery.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
156,319 |
The present results can help in future modelling efforts to predict the distance reached by viral load in human cough events. Indeed, it was found that droplet evaporation is mainly controlled by the combined effect of turbulence and droplet inertia , and thus, the knowledge of the spatio-temporal evolution of turbulent fluctuations presented in this work can be used to obtain more realistic coarse-grained model of the original Navier–Stokes problem including the evaporation processes of small liquid droplets carried by the flow as, e.g., those involved in violent human expulsions . Another issue left for the future is the application and extension of the present theory to a multiphase problem.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
192,348 |
A series of chromatographic methods were used for the isolation of monomeric compounds from the strain fermentation extracts, and diverse spectroscopic analyses were used for their structure elucidation. As a result, seven polyketides were isolated and identified, including one known compound, hymeglusin (1) (Kumagai et al., 1992; Tomoda et al., 1988), four new bis-alkenoic acid derivatives named fusariumesters C−F (2–5), and two new alkenoic acid monomers named acetylfusaridioic acid A (6) and fusaridioic acid D (7). The absolute configuration of hymeglusin (1) was previously determined by chemical degradation method and Mosher method (Chiang et al., 1988). The optical rotation of hymeglusin (1) was {[α]19.4 D 24.56 (c 0.2, CHCl3)} in our project, which reported in the literature was [α]22 D 10.6 (c 0.1, CHCl3) (Kanaida et al., 2021).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
266,907 |
This study was conducted from November 2020 to May 2021. Only Mongolian and Han subjects aged 40 and above were interviewed for the study. Patients who underwent refractive surgery at latest 3 months and those with an active ocular surface disease were excluded.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
392,928 |
Epistaxis is a frequent emergency workload in ENT departments and many patients require an inpatient treatment [1–3]. As a result of the changing demographic structure, the number of older patients using classical anticoagulants like Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) is increasing [4, 5]. Furthermore, new oral non-VKA oral anticoagulants (NOAC) are increasingly prescribed. The increased use of classical and new anticoagulants seems to increase the incidence of epistaxis . The influence on more severe epistaxis and recurrent bleeding needing inpatient treatment is less clear [3, 5]. The majority of data on epistaxis is based on hospital-based analyses. There is a lack of epidemiological, population-based data, especially for complicated recurrent epistaxis with readmission [3, 6–8]. Hence, not much is known about the burden for the general population, especially on the burden of severe epistaxis needing inpatient treatment.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
115,019 |
A decrease in cell size, as observed here in hBM-MSCs stored in PBS, is associated with reductions in cell contents including DNA, proteins, and lipids26–28. Cell size is also related to autophagy and is regulated by mammalian target of rapamycin 1/2 activity, which is controlled by Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1)29. We found that autophagy in hBM-MSCs increased with time, which was reversed by NAC treatment (Supplementary Fig. 4). We speculate that ROS are the main factors leading to autophagy in hBM-MSCs, although additional studies are needed to confirm this possibility.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
145,024 |
Immediately after the CNS hemorrhage AST catalytic activities in the CSF were similar in survivors and patients with poor outcome. Their significant increase was apparent in both subgroups between the days 0 and 3 and the days 7 and 10 after the CNS hemorrhage. The growth of AST catalytic activities was higher in patients with poor outcome (Table 2 and Table 3).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
74,416 |
In a wide range of organisms, many biological events in physiology, behavior, and metabolism are restricted to a particular time of day. These rhythmic oscillations are gated not only by environmental cues but also by the internal circadian clock . The circadian clock is composed of the transcriptional-translational feedback loop (TTFL), which has been identified as the core mechanism inducing specific circadian behaviors . In Drosophila melanogaster, CLOCK (CLK)/CYCLE (CYC) heterodimers (CLK/CYC) bind to E-box sequences and induce transcription of several key transcription factors, including period (per), which represses the activation of CLK/CYC to ensure circadian oscillation of the TTFL. It is well known that flies carrying a mutated version of period (per0) show arrhythmicity in many aspects of behavior and physiology regulated by the circadian clock .
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
73,853 |
The two patient experts quoted above were commenting on two separate STA appraisals, yet, both referred to feeling marginalized and surmised that their viewpoints were not being taken into account. They both questioned why they were invited to attend when they felt they “weren't needed to be there.” The first participant described feeling quite aggrieved by the way she was interrupted when asked to comment.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
135,888 |
Endogenous ABA concentration and expression of ABA biosynthetic genes in the OsRF1-OE plant under drought and salt stress. (A,B) Endogenous ABA contents in WT and OsRF1-OE rice under drought and salt stress conditions. The ABA content in shoots was measured by TSQ LC/MS/MS. Data represent mean (± SD) from three independent experiments with two biological replicates (n = 3). (C,D) qRT-PCR analysis of ABA biosynthetic genes in the OsRF1-OE plant under salt and drought stress. The relative expression levels of ABA-related genes in shoots of stressed or non-stressed wild-type and OsRF1-OE were indicated as bar graph. The expression levels of each gene were normalized with expression levels of the internal control gene, Ubiquitin,5 and analyzed with the ΔΔCt method. ZEP, zeaxanthin epoxidase; NCED, 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase; ABA3, molybdenum cofactor (MoCo) sulfurase. Data represent mean (± SD) from three independent experiments with three biological replicates (n = 3). All statistical analyses for data were performed by Student’s t-test. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.005.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
200,783 |
SIRT1 overexpression plasmid (SIRT1) and its corresponding negative control (vector), small inference RNA (si-RNA) SIRT1 (si-SIRT1), si-FoxO3a, miR-30b-5p mimics, miR-30b-5p inhibitors (miR-30b-5p-in), and the negative controls (si-NC and miR-NC) were constructed and synthesized by Guangzhou FulenGen Co., Ltd., China The NF-κB inhibitor BAY 11-7082 (Article No. HY-13453) was bought from MedChemExpress (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA). HC-A cells in the logarithmic growth stage were inoculated in 24-well plates (5×105/well). When the cell growth was stable, Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen, Shanghai, China) was applied to transfect the above expression vectors into the cells. After 24 hours, the primary medium was substituted by a fresh and complete medium. The culture was continued for 48 hours at 37° C with 5% CO2, and the profiles of miR-30b-5p, SIRT1 and FoxO3a were compared by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) or western blot (WB) to verify the transfection efficiency.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
319,307 |
Confirmatory data submitted in relation with the mammalian toxicology were discussed at the Pesticides Peer Review Meeting 25 in March 2020. In particular, the grouping, genotoxicity potential and the general toxicity of metabolites 1,4‐naphthoquinone (Reg No. 4107273), phthalic acid (Reg No.4005234), Reg No. 4110904, Reg No. 31062 and Reg No. 4110933 were discussed. It was concluded that metabolites 1,4‐naphthoquinone (Reg No. 4107273), phthalic acid (Reg No.4005234), Reg No. 4110904, Reg No. 31062 and Reg No. 4110933 are unlikely to be genotoxic. As the use of the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) approach cannot be applied in this context, a complete consumer risk assessment cannot be finalised, and a data gap is set regarding the general toxicity potential of metabolites 1,4‐naphthoquinone (Reg No. 4107273) and phthalic acid (Reg No.4005234).
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
94,655 |
Our review found that acupuncture had no significantly different effect on any outcome compared to sham acupuncture. In addition, while the results indicate that acupuncture might improve social adaptability and sleeping habits, these results cannot be confirmed because of the limited number of studies.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
165,192 |
To investigate the impact of water hardness on the production of singlet oxygen, the photodegradation of 9,10-anthracenediyl-bis(methylene)dimalonic acid (ABMDMA) was used. ABMDMA is known as a fluorescent dye that is soluble in water, but with a low reactivity, and it can capture only 2% of the produced singlet oxygen . However, it is highly specific for singlet oxygen as opposed to other reactive oxygen species (ROS). In contrast, 1,3-diphenylisobenzofurane (DPBF), which is often used as a fluorescent probe in the measurements of the singlet oxygen production, reacts with the various ROS . Here, we used the method modified from our previous work, where we used non-water-soluble 9,10-dimethylantracene (DMA) . ABMDMA was used in a concentration of 6 μM, mixed with a 1 μM concentration of the PSs, and then irradiated for 10 min (411 nm, fluence rate 7 mW/cm2, light dose 4.2 J/cm2).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
306,921 |
Figure 2—figure supplement 1.EphA2 clusters have large variability.(A) The EphA2 cluster variability is quantified by standard deviation of EphA2 intensity in each membrane corral or immobilized polymer. Corrals #1–9 are mobile regions and corrals #10–18 are immobile regions. The standard deviation of each corral is normalized by its average intensity. (B) The pY588-EphA2 cluster variability, quantified same as above.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
156,658 |
Finally, while substantial improvements in breastfeeding legislation have occurred over the past 20 years, the lack of specificity of these laws is putting a mother’s breastfeeding journey at risk. Despite United States’ legislation requiring “reasonable” time for pumping breaks during the workday, women are experiencing barriers such as lack of schedule control, unequal access to space and unexpected breastfeeding demands . Our study found participants across SEM levels identified the need for more specific workplace protections. While more specific legislation is pertinent, research also shows the most common facilitators of workplace breastfeeding are access to space and coworker support. Workplace policies could be designed to ensure space, and employer education could be conducted to enhance workplace acceptance of breastfeeding . More importantly, increasing the length of maternity leave within the United States to 6 months would reduce workplace pumping associated barriers and increase the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding .
| 2 | 2other
| 1Other
|
251,530 |
The digital products created within the two projects therefore become both objects to think with (Papert, 1980) and objects to share with others (Kafai & Burke, 2013). Learning and knowledge construction take place through social interactions mediated by the technology tools and tangible outputs as the university students collaborate across the various countries involved in the projects.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
64,871 |
Histomorphometry of 3 slides for each defect (Fig 1) was used to determine the amount of new bone, remaining material, void and other soft tissue. Analysis revealed significantly more new bone formation for defects treated in the Sorrento BMA compared to the Vitoss BMA treated defects at 6 and 12 weeks (P<0.05) (Fig 9A). Both materials resorbed with time compared to initial implantation (time 0) at 6 weeks with no statistical differences in graft resorption noted for the Sorrento BMA material between 6 and 12 weeks while the Vitoss BMA continued to resorb (Fig 9B). Similar, both materials had a decrease in other soft tissue with time (data not shown).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
201,260 |
Twelve phenolic compounds were found in the insoluble fraction. In comparison to those of the soluble fraction, no anthocyanins glucosides were identified, but three anthocyanidins (aglycones) were observed: delphinidin, malvidin and pelargonidin. Moreover, this fraction also contained two other phenolic acids (ferulic and sinapic acids) and one flavonol (kaempferol) that were not present in the soluble fraction (Figure 2B). Luthria and Pastor-Corrales found ferulic, sinapic and p-coumaric acids in the insoluble fraction of black beans, obtained after alkaline and acid hydrolysis, but not in the soluble fraction. Ranilla, Genovese and Lajolo reported that phenolic acids are mainly present in the cotyledon of black beans, whereas a predominance of flavonoids is observed in the seed coat. In the insoluble fraction, differences between organic and nonorganic samples were less frequent and less consistent than those observed in the soluble fraction. Considering that soluble phenolics are mainly found in the seed coat of legumes , one could hypothesize that these would be more susceptible to the influence of the production system than those insoluble forms found in the inner part of the seed.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
99,318 |
Here, we sought to elucidate the mechanisms by which hGDH1 and hGDH2 are imported into mitochondria. For this, we took into consideration the structural characteristics of the hGDH1 and hGDH2 mitochondrial presequences, thought to form two α-helices (α1 and α2) separated by loops. Our previous work has delineated the secondary structure elements and amphipathic nature of hGDH1 and hGDH2 presequences and has highlighted the essential role of the α1 helix . Here, we sought to further characterize, in mechanistic detail the individual contributions of each of the two α-helices, the role of the net positive charge in the N-terminus and C-terminus of the presequence and the need for intra-mitochondrial cleavage. To this end, we combined mutagenesis studies, in vitro import assays using isolated yeast mitochondria, confocal microscopy in human cells as well as fractionation of cells stably expressing normal and mutant hGDH1 and hGDH2. We report that the mitochondrial import of hGDHs depends on the synergistic interaction of α1 and α2 helices and on the net positive charge of the presequences. Moreover, our data revealed that the intra-mitochondrial cleavage of the signal peptide is not a prerequisite for import.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
195,598 |
Individuals with unilateral or bilateral mild-moderate (II or III Kellgren/Lawrence (K/L) grade) knee OA were the focus group in this study. To identify the performance variation, a control group with age-matched asymptomatic individuals was included in this study. By referring to similar research (Bouchouras et al., 2020), we used the power of 0.8, the effect size (ES) of 0.75, and two-sided α = 0.05 to calculate the sample size. G × Power software (version 3.1.9.2, Franz Faul, University of Kiel) showed that a minimum number of 29 participants per group should be obtained. Finally, 30 participants for each group were recruited from the neighboring communities of the Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (FJTCM) via advertisements in print/radio/social media.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
195,396 |
Obviously, the actuator, being only composed of the telescopic cylinder and the motor, is not able to meet the output force requirements of PALExo. The actuators of the exoskeleton need to resist the impact when the foot is landing on the ground, and they interact with human body at all times. Therefore, the compliance requirements for PALExo of the actuators are very high. The actuator is only composed of stiff elements; compliance is achieved by a motion control system that cannot meet the compliance requirements of PALExo. Modifying the actuator by elastic elements is a feasible way to overcome this problem.
| 2 | 2other
| 1Other
|
394,314 |
Regarding the response of the drip irrigation regime on tuber yield, the main effect followed the pattern G1 > G2 > G3, with a significant increase of 8.3% and 16.1% for G2 and G1, respectively, compared with G3 (Figure 3a). Drip irrigation regime of 120% and 100% ETc might enhance the regular growth of the shoots, stolon formation, tuber initiation, early stage of tuber bulking, and tuber ripening, which are considered to be sensitive stages to water deficit stress in potatoes . The current results are consistent with those obtained by Khalil . The increasing tuber yield by the increasing irrigation (Figure 3a) might be due to the increase of total chlorophyll content (Figure 2). In addition, it might be due to the increment of leaf transpiration, which is correlated with the increasing water supply . Consequently, this might have a positive effect on yield via the enhancing gases exchange and photosynthesis process . Thus, to achieve high yielding of tubers, the soil water content should be no lower than 50% of the maximum available water in the root zone, particularly during tuber formation . However, Cantore et al. obtained 44.9 and 34.3 Mg tubers ha−1 when full irrigation and irrigation at 50% depletion were applied, respectively, compared with non-complementary irrigation (16.5 Mg tubers ha−1). Ierna and Mauromicale reported that the highest tuber yield was obtained from plants irrigated with 100% maximum evapotranspiration (ETm). They also reported that the highest irrigation water productive and high tuber quality were obtained from potatoes irrigated with 100% ETm supplied from tuber initiation until 50% tuber growth. Moreover, Ierna and Mauromicale found that this could save a large amount of irrigation water (approximately 77 mm year−1), which is considered to be a significant reduction for the semi-arid regions.
| 4 | 2other
| 0Study
|
354,226 |
Whether and how PCs in the interior and at the surface of GCs are related is unknown. We speculate that the PCs at the surface of a GC may either be destined for immediate emigration or may complete several rounds of crawling along the most superficial FDCs. Our findings indicate that PCs finally leave the follicle via the superficial dark zone (see below). We cannot totally exclude that PCs are also able to use other emigration routes, for example in the vicinity of vessels which breach the dark zone or the mantle zone. Such pathways are, however, relatively rare. The final destinies of the PCs generated in chronic tonsil GC reactions may be the subepithelial lamina propria and/or the deep connective tissue septa separating the crypts. This deep connective tissue appears as a functional, but not morphological, equivalent of lymph-node medullary cords. It contains a network of lymphatics which finally drains secreted Ig or emigrating lymphocytes into the circulation.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
214,712 |
Due to its great strength-to-weight ratio, excellent burst strength and resistance to crushing, corrugated cardboard is also suitable for furniture manufacture. However, a careful design is needed to ensure rigidity . Thus, a good understanding of its mechanical behaviour is required to use it in an optimum way. Many previous studies have focused on the properties of corrugated cardboard and how the external environment affects its performance . The mechanical properties of various types of liners and flutings in MD and CD can be found in .
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
66,961 |
By the definition of the order \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathcal{M}}$$\end{document}M is Archimedean. Let \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\{a_{\xi \eta }\}\in {\mathcal{M}}$$\end{document}{aξη}∈M. Since \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$-\Vert \{a_{\xi ,\eta }\}\Vert p\le p\{a_{\xi ,\eta }\}p\le \Vert \{a_{\xi ,\eta }\}\Vert p$$\end{document}-‖{aξ,η}‖p≤p{aξ,η}p≤‖{aξ,η}‖p for every finite set \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\{p_k\}_{k=1}^n\subset \{p_\xi \}$$\end{document}{pk}k=1n⊂{pξ}, where \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$p=\sum\nolimits _{k=1}^n p_k$$\end{document}p=∑k=1npk, we have \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$-\Vert \{a_{\xi ,\eta }\}\Vert 1\le \{a_{\xi ,\eta }\}\le \Vert \{a_{\xi ,\eta }\}\Vert 1$$\end{document}-‖{aξ,η}‖1≤{aξ,η}≤‖{aξ,η}‖1 by the definition of the order, and the unit of A is an order unit of the partially ordered vector space \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathcal{M}}$$\end{document}M. Thus \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathcal{M}}$$\end{document}M is an order unit space.
| 4 | 2other
| 0Study
|
391,534 |
NEco specificity. KD(competitor) values were determined using the EMSA-based competition assay and DNA containing variants of the C5mCGG NEco target sequence (see also Figure 5 and Supplementary Figure S4). Tightest binding (lowest KD) is observed with the fully methylated C5mCGG DNA. Lack of cytosine modifications and replacements of the outer or inner bases impair NEco binding to various extents.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
358,706 |
Under drought treatment, the pattern of changes in protein and transcript accumulation was very similar only for the actin and serine protease genes. Accumulation of the co-chaperonin (GroEs) and pfam14200 proteins did not change after drought treatment in any of the tested genotypes, while their transcript accumulation decreased under drought. In drought-treated DH602, the triosephosphate isomerase protein abundance was 12 times higher whereas its transcript accumulation was two times lower. Smaller differences, but in the same direction, were observed in DH435 in the case of the transketolase protein and transcript (Table S1).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
147,201 |
Workflow of the proposed method: the raw ICP measurement was interpolated with the Makima curve fit to obtain a continuous curve; the curve was input into a pretrained artificial neural network, which reconstructed a volume averaging free continuous beam profile. The reconstructed beam profile has quality similar to the beam profile scanned in a 3D water tank with a diode detector
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
146,253 |
Immunotherapy interrupting the PD1–PDL1 interaction demonstrated clinical benefit in metastasized adenocarcinoma of the GEJ with slightly less benefit for women . Further efforts were made to implement immunotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced esophageal and GEJ adenocarcinoma. Atezolizumab was added to standard chemoradiotherapy according to the CROSS trial in the PERFECT trial. In total, 40 patients were enrolled. Chemo-immuno-radiotherapy was demonstrated to be feasible, and an INFy signature was identified to predict clinical response . Feasibility was further underlined by a retrospective analysis of 168 patients of whom 25 received chemo-immuno-radiotherapy in neoadjuvant intention. No difference in perioperative mortality was observed in patients with additional immunotherapy . Again, patient numbers in these analyses were too small to allow any conclusions regarding potential sex differences in outcomes. Most recently, adjuvant immunotherapy was evaluated in the CheckMate 577 trial . In this global trial, 794 patients with esophageal or GEJ carcinoma (both adeno- and squamous cell) with residual tumor after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery were randomized 2:1 to adjuvant nivolumab for 1 year or placebo. The primary endpoint of the trial was disease-free survival. Overall, with a median disease-free survival of 22.4 vs. 11.0 months (HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.56–0,86), this trial met its primary endpoint. Additionally, in the subpopulation of adenocarcinoma, significantly greater disease-free survival for patients treated with adjuvant nivolumab was observed (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.59–0.96). One major risk after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is distant metastases. Adjuvant immunotherapy increased the time to distant metastases (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.6–0.92). At the same time, no deterioration in patient-reported outcome was observed. Women appeared to have an even larger benefit from adjuvant nivolumab (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.35–1.00) compared to men (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.59–0.91) (Table 1) . A more detailed subgroup analysis is still missing. In a systematic review of PD1–PDL1 inhibition in upper GI cancer, women tended to show less benefit (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.8–1.22) than men (0.82, 95% CI 0.69–0.97) .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
362,475 |
To determine the glycosyl composition of the polysaccharide capsule from a representative K. negevensis strain, capsular material was extracted and purified from the surface of strain BB526pam by precipitation with the cationic detergent cetavlon (hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide). We utilized the exopolysaccharide knockout mutant of strain BB526 to ensure that the sugars identified in the composition analysis were associated with the capsular polysaccharide and not the exopolysaccharide, consistent with the approach that we have used in the past to characterize K. kingae polysaccharide capsules . As shown in Fig 2B, combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) of the per-O-trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives of the monosaccharide methyl glycosides produced from the sample by acidic methanolysis revealed that the capsule contains N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and keto-deoxyoctulosonate (Kdo), the same two sugars present in the K. kingae type b capsule.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
161,043 |
The following product was purchased and used without further purification: Kaolinite (KAOLINITE, NATURAL) FLUKA 03584-250G from (SIGMA-ALDRICH, CHEMIE GmbH, Riedstrt. 2 D-89555 Steinheim, Germany). The SEM images presented in Figure 1 highlight the lamellar structure of kaolinite powder. This clay powder was used in the preparation of PLD targets (by pressing with a hydraulic press with a pressure of (≈20 MPa) applied to our kaolinite material) and MAPLE (by using an aqueous solution with 5 or 10 wt.% kaolinite in deionized water (as matrix)).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
248,797 |
Another limitation of our experimental setup is the perfectly horizontal layer of dura mater which allowed an optimal application of the i-PRF. As i-PRF needs some time to solidify, clinically relevant applications on vertical or inclined dura orientations may present challenges and need further exploration. Our proposed method could be easily applied in spinal surgery where most cases are operated in a prone position. In supratentorial cranial surgery, transient intraoperative adjustments of the operating table could facilitate a proper application of i-PRF.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
179,196 |
HEC-1B and Ishikawa were harvested and then suspended in binding buffer from ApoDETECT Annexin V-FITC Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc). The cells were analyzed by FACS flow cytometer (Attune, Life Technologies, Darmstadt, Germany) followed by incubation with Annexin V-FITC and PI (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc). The wildtype sequences of ZFAS1 or VEGFA containing the binding sites of miR-34b were subcloned into the pmirGLO vector (Promega, Madison, WI, USA). The mutant sequences with mutations at the binding sites of miR-34b were also subcloned into the pmirGLO vector. HEC-1B was cotransfected with the pmirGLO vectors and miR-34b mimic or NC mimic for two days. The luciferase activities were determined by luciferase reporter assay kit (Promega).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
131,510 |
In our study, the overall functional outcome evaluated using the Constat-Murley scores were similar between the two groups. Moreover, similar to other reported studies , regardless of early recovery amongst patients receiving TENs, there was no significant difference in the mean scores after one-year postoperatively. Compared to ORIF by plate fixation, patients treated with CRIF by TENs had shorter operative time, less time at the hospital (postoperative recovery), and a faster fracture union. These observations were also reported in similar studies
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
288,463 |
We have shown, both in this and prior work (Huang and Hanna-Rose 2006; Upadhyay et al. 2016) that mechanosensory OLQ neurons and uv1 neuroendocrine cells die in a pnc-1 background as a result of excess nicotinamide. Dying OLQ and uv1 cells present the same stereotyped morphological changes, namely an increasingly vacuolar and expanding cytoplasm and disintegrating nuclear membrane, as seen in mec-4d and degenerin induced touch cell necrosis (Driscoll and Chalfie 1991; Hall et al. 1997). So based on morphological characteristics alone, OLQ and uv1 cells die by necrosis. However, there many different forms of necrosis (Fricker et al. 2018). We sought to determine by which of the known mechanisms of cell death OLQ and uv1 cells die.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
357,219 |
To determine whether pharyngeal pouches function in PAA progenitor specification, the expression of putative earlier angioblast lineage markers scl and etv2 and more mature angioblast marker tie1 was first examined in MTZ-treated Tg(nkx2.3:KaTAa4-p2a-mCherry;UAS:NTR-mCherry) embryos at 38 hpf. We found that the formation of these angioblast clusters was abolished in embryos treated with MTZ (Fig. 2E,E′). We further generated a transgenic line, Tg(sox10:KalTA4-p2a-mCherry), in which the red fluorescence of mCherry proteins was expressed in the neural crest cells. We then crossed fishes to generate Tg(sox10:KalTA4-p2a-mCherry;UAS:NTR-mCherry) embryos. MTZ treatment from the bud stage induced obvious cell death in the pharyngeal neural crest cells at 36 hpf (Fig. S3C). However, the PAA angioblasts developed normally (Fig. S3D), implying that pharyngeal neural crest cells are not necessary for the specification and angioblast differentiation of PAA progenitors. We then analyzed the expression of the PAA progenitor marker nkx2.5 in pouch-depleted embryos and found a significant reduction of nkx2.5-expressing progenitors of PAAs 3-6 (Fig. 2F). Moreover, at 18 hpf, pouch depletion did not disrupt the segregation of the nkx2.5+ common progenitors (Fig. S4A,B) (Guner-Ataman et al., 2018). Taken together, these results suggest that pouches are essential for PAA progenitor specification in the pharyngeal region.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
375,417 |
This being the first card vote, Knapp explained that if the issue was contentious and someone in the Section felt that institutional votes should come into play, then a card vote could be called. The Tellers would get the boxes, the cards would be deployed, and the Tellers would then go away and count the votes.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
130,689 |
Referral information. Much of what we do as radiologists is about provision and dissemination of information. Yet we are often forced to do our work in a condition of relative information starvation. The amount of clinical information provided to us when studies are requested is not always what we might wish, and key elements of important clinical data, which might help us to be more specific and definitive in our reporting, are often absent from referrals [13–15]. There are many possible reasons for this, including time constraints for the referrer, referrers for specific studies having only limited awareness of chronic conditions which may not form part of their particular relationship with the patient, delegation of the task of submitting requests for imaging studies to staff members other than the referring physician, and (paradoxically) the increasing focus on exam appropriateness, which may lead referrers to submit the minimum amount of information required to justify a request, in the belief that additional information provided may lead to a request being considered inappropriate . As we move towards provision of radiology reports in a structured manner , we should also try to encourage provision of structured information in requests for radiology studies. This could be achieved by defining key fields of information which should be completed by referrers before requests would be accepted by PACS/RIS systems . Adoption of Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE) systems should be encouraged. These developments would require engagement with relevant industry partners. Work would need to be done to convince referrers of the need to perform what some may see as additional work, but ensuring provision of relevant clinical information in all cases would increase the specificity and usefulness of radiology reports, with benefits for all.Electronic Medical Records. An associated possible action relates to making all relevant clinical information available to reporting radiologists; by this we mean information not ordinarily contained within referrals, but which could influence the content of a radiology report. In effect, this would require real-time access for reporting radiologists to electronic medical records (EMRs) of patients. In most instances, assuming provision of appropriate information in the study request, accessing the EMR would not be necessary (indeed, given workload and staffing constraints in many countries, it would not be possible for radiologists to devote time to this). However, in certain complex cases, being directly able to access specific pieces of information might make all the difference between issuing a vague, indeterminate report and one that is precise, specific and relevant. Key to this would be the adoption of EMRs in as many clinical environments as possible. At present, few countries have moved entirely to the EMR environment. Estonia is one notable example of a country where every patient has an online electronic health record, amended as required via Blockchain to ensure data integrity . Reliance on EMR access to obtain information necessary for accurate radiological interpretation is not appropriate in most circumstances, and would entail disadvantages: getting quick access to all information in an EMR relevant for a specific circumstance can be difficult and time-consuming, and over-reliance on the EMR for transmission of critical specific information would carry the risk of reducing the responsibility of the referrer to provide clear, accurate and comprehensive referrals. However, a summary table of main diagnoses and the current problem in the EMR could potentially ease the burden of extensive communication, if this information sits in a single, easy-to access position accessible to all. This might allow the avoidance of the need to repeatedly explain the background information, on top of the current indication. Regardless of availability of EMRs to reporting radiologists, workload and time constraints are likely to result in unselected records being accessed relatively rarely by radiologists . A 2009 study from Philadelphia suggested that much greater use would be made of systems that targeted specifically-relevant patient information to be automatically displayed with imaging studies, and that this would have a significant impact on interpretation quality . This ties in with Point 1 above, and is a development that could and should be advocated for, with efforts made to specify the specific information required for specific types of studies. The ESR should support endeavours to use the ever-expanding capabilities of information technology and AI to speed up access to and transfer of relevant clinical information between referrers and radiologists.Justification, decision support and protocols. Many ESR activities are already directed towards these essential elements of ensuring the safety and quality of our work (see above) [7, 11]. The ESR should continue to encourage and support research to fill in gaps of understanding about aspects of these issues, such as differences in understanding of the responsibility for justification in different jurisdictions , the relative use of CDS and the proportion of appropriate examinations in public vs. private imaging institutions, and practices relating to individual protocol determination for imaging studies and the impact of these.Direct patient communication. The working environment for radiologists has changed considerably in recent years, with many drivers combining to distance us from the patients we serve . Simultaneously, patient advocates are increasingly asking for more direct access to radiologists to discuss their symptoms, imaging findings and studies. In the context of an inexorable increase in demand for what we do, not always matched by the resources needed, it may seem that the desire to engage more directly with patients is incompatible with the need to cope with our workload. We must avoid accepting this assumption. In a recently-published study, Gutzeit et al. have demonstrated that brief communication with patients following MR studies led to changes in radiologists’ reports in 42.6% of cases, and that those changes were of high clinical relevance in 32.7% . A Dutch survey of negative patient reviews of radiologists published in May 2021 found that the dominant reasons for patient dissatisfaction related to poor communication by radiologists during patient engagements, or apparent uncaring attitudes shown by radiologists . In our education and advocacy efforts, we must emphasise that radiologists are also clinicians, and that our direct clinical engagement with patients can have beneficial significance substantially beyond the provision of a report of an imaging study. Studies such as Gutzeit’s can be used to justify demand for sufficient resources (time, staff etc.) to allow us engage directly with patients, for their benefit. Healthcare managers must be educated to understand that benefits to patients and society can flow from accepting that this engagement should be part of a radiologist’s workload, and provided for in schedules and workplans. A practical step that can be taken by the ESR is to expand its educational provision to include courses and educational content on patient communication skills specifically tailored to the radiology environment. Formal communication training is used very effectively in settings where difficult news needs to be communicated, such as in oncology or trauma practice. This may be of great practical benefit in radiology, for improving communication within a time-pressured setting.Patient information resources. Working with the sub-speciality groups, patient groups, allied professionals and the national societies, ESR should advocate for trusted on-line sites for patient information concerning ‘what to expect’ from different imaging procedures. In addition resources on radiation risks, in particular in paediatric imaging, should be made available . Developing such a resource, with clear explanations, diagrams and frequently-asked questions (FAQs) could provide essential information to patients prior to attending for examinations, and thereby improve the overall experience of the patient while improving radiologist-patient interactions due to better patient understanding of the procedure.Imaging data sharing and protection. The 2009 paper referenced in item 2 above identified one priority desired by radiologists as being that imaging studies and reports from outside institutions be available for review at the time of reporting new studies . This is a logical goal; direct comparison with prior studies is often key to determining the significance of abnormal findings. Many countries are moving towards patient imaging studies being available across multiple sites or regional imaging networks, either through use of central archives , web-based archiving or patients holding portable copies of their studies. A corollary of this is the need for secure data backups and protection, as evidenced by the May 2021 ransomware attack on the Irish healthcare system IT infrastructure, which resulted in major disruption to provision of radiology services to the entire country . The ESR should support endeavours to improve wide availability of patients’ imaging archives wherever possible, and to define necessary security requirements.Follow-up recommendations. Ensuring appropriate follow-up of reported abnormal or equivocal radiological findings is ultimately the responsibility of the referrer. Nonetheless, as radiologists who generate reports containing such recommendations, we have a role in supporting timely and complete compliance with them. The more steps there are in any process, the more scope there is for inadvertent failure. Development of automatic reminder systems to alert referrers and reporting radiologists in a timely fashion to follow-up studies (or to the need to arrange follow-up) can assist in closing investigatory loops, and ensuring no patient is lost to follow-up . This does not mean the burden of responsibility for further investigation (where necessary) should shift from the referrer to the radiologist. Nonetheless, the more failsafe mechanisms that exist to ensure all involved share responsibility for patient welfare, the more certain we can be that patient care is optimized, and potential value is not lost. Again, the ESR can and should support development of IT-based systems identifying and highlighting actionable items within radiology reports.Countering commoditization. Many factors are driving increasing commoditization of radiology at present, reducing the visibility of radiologists as significant providers of healthcare, and major contributors to patient outcomes [14, 20]. Perception of what we do as simply an investigative output is inaccurate and incomplete, doing a disservice to patients and to radiologists [2, 3]. Key performance indicators (KPIs) used for imaging departments frequently focus on productivity, and rarely on quality, safety and (more difficult to define) value contributions. The ESR has attempted to define appropriate quality-based KPIs for radiation protection . Similarly, we should strive to define meaningful KPIs which would more-accurately demonstrate the breadth of our contributions to healthcare, beyond study or report numbers. Furthermore, we, as radiologists, must do what we can to ensure we are perceived and understood to be full partners in clinical care of patients. In person participation of radiologists in clinical rounds, regular multidisciplinary conferences and tumour board type discussions should be developed and encouraged. In addition, encouraging radiologists to lead innovative imaging research that is clinically relevant should be supported and encouraged as an important element of raising the visibility and value of radiologists in treatment planning.Study nomenclature standardization. Standardization of study nomenclature (especially CT), to facilitate dose comparisons between institutions and jurisdictions, and compliance with DRLs, is among the quality measures mandated under US federal legislation considered by the American College of Radiology (ACR) to be relevant for radiology . The ESR can and should have a role in developing and promoting such standardized study labelling. This could be done by focussing initially on selected, achievable indications, based on specific clinical scenarios, as promoted in the EUCLID study .Communication with referrers. A radiologist making a timely, accurate diagnosis may believe that he/she is contributing value to patient care, but unless that diagnosis is communicated efficiently to the referrer, and acted upon, the contribution of radiology is diminished . In addition to the recommendation in item 3 above relating to communication with patients, the ESR should advocate for greater education of radiologists in matters of inter-professional communication, and for development, resourcing and implementation of IT systems for rapid communication of urgent findings. Structured reporting may significantly enhance completeness and accuracy of radiology reports . The ESR should facilitate usage of Common Data Elements and encourage vendors to enable usage of structured reporting templates. This would also facilitate potential automatic delivery of data to data registries for AI application development.Peer review. Radiological error and discrepancy are inevitable, but all possible efforts should be made to minimise significant error . One potential tool to achieve this is formal mandated submission of a percentage of every radiologist’s randomly-selected reports for second reading and peer review. Such systems are already in use in some countries . Although peer review adds somewhat to radiologist workload, with associated impact on staff resourcing, the ESR should advocate for its wider use, and the necessary resources to make it work, in the interests of patient safety and increased value. A key component of such peer review is establishment of an open and blame-free framework allowing radiologists share and learn from cases where error or discrepancy has occurred, without fear of sanction or legal consequences from such sharing [25, 27]. The ESR could encourage adoption of such practices (and the necessary legal protections and supports) across our member countries.Artificial intelligence (AI). The number of software as medical devices (SaMDs) being approved for medical use by regulatory agencies is growing rapidly, particularly in medical imaging . Many claims have been made for the value of machine learning algorithms in enhancing radiology diagnostic performance, and the possibility of AI applications replacing traditional radiologist activity in many areas has been prominently discussed in both academic and popular media. Despite this, there is a paucity of research demonstrating unbiased improved performance of AI over human radiologists in full diagnostic activity (as opposed to radiology sub-tasks, such as lung nodule detection), and a recent review showed little evidence of improved clinician diagnostic performance when using machine learning-based clinical decision support systems (CDSSs), with a high incidence of human clinicians over-riding the CDSS output . There is no doubt that AI, in many forms, will become an increasing part of medical (including radiological) life, but what form that part will take is still unclear . The ESR should support activities, such as direct AI-human data challenges, which are designed to provide verifiable validation of any benefits of AI in real-world performance. Other AI applications have the potential to have significant beneficial effects on workflow; these should be supported and highlighted for early adoption, where appropriate.Integrated diagnostics. As stated in point 1 above, much of the work of the radiologist involves information provision and dissemination. This is also true for pathologists. Concordance workflows between those 2 could be a first step in closer integration of these specialties, with emphasis on radiologic-pathologic correlation and cross-fertilization of relevant findings. AI applications could accelerate this, with future potential for merging radiology and pathology departments into single entities, creating unified diagnostic information resources, managing information extracted from radiology and pathology reports in the clinical context of the patient .
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
215,091 |
The concentration of most of the individual compounds increased with infestation consistently between the three rootstocks, as is shown by the fold changes in Table 2. Notable exceptions included allo-ocimene (~1.2 to 1.6 fold decreases), and palmitic acid and linolenic acid ME, which both decreased in large amounts in all three of the rootstocks (Table 2). The sesquiterpenes had a mixed response to infestation. β-caryophyllene and β-elemene increased after the infestation in all of the samples, but in contrast, α-humulene and calamene decreased in C-35 and increased in SO. Geranyl acetate, a monoterpene ester, also had a rootstock-dependent response, decreasing significantly in US-897 (p < 0.0001) and SO (p < 0.0001), but was unchanged in C-35 (p = 0.640) (Table 2).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
376,273 |
Wilson pointed out there were currently eight Committees, but the Registration Committee would soon be added as a Permanent Committee. She proposed an amendment to change the title of the whole group to “Permanent Committees”, and then refer to five “specialist nomenclature committees”.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
7,420 |
Participants (8) and (11) presented with a small number of severe reflux episodes; however, these episodes were of notably longer duration compared to all other participants. In contrast, participant (9) displayed a great number (145) of LPR episodes; however, these episodes occurred for very brief periods of time. Participant (4) had an interesting profile, with an RSI score of 12, which is considered by diagnostic standards as “within normal limits” or not suggestive of LPR . Participant (4) experienced only 16 severe LPR episodes; however, those episodes were of exceptional long duration, lasting the majority of the length of the study, 1255 minutes (21 hours). Both number of and duration of LPR episodes at mild, moderate, and severe levels were considered in this study. However, only the duration of episodes was used in the correlational analysis, due to the high variability of the number of episodes and the duration of each episode as described above. These authors surmised that duration of time may be a more accurate representation of the severity of reflux exposure. At this time, the literature does not provide us with the minimum time of lowered pH, at any level, in the oropharynx that would be considered damaging. Research looking at time of lowered pH exposure at the various thresholds and quality of life measures, before and after treatment, this would likely provide insight into this question.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
110,541 |
Starting with the total PSA value, a more complete assessment is built based on supplementary information regarding a previous negative prostate biopsy, DRE and TRUS findings, as well as phi value. Multiple external validations and comparisons of the RPCRC have shown that including more relevant information increases predictive capability .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
234,047 |
One of the primary outcomes expected from creation of the WIfI classification was the capacity to predict the need for revascularization of the threatened limb. In the majority of studies, revascularizations, whether open or by endovascular procedures, were more common as the WIfI stage increased.17,20,21 At higher classification stages, revascularization proved beneficial for reducing the risk of amputation by 25%.17 In a study by Robinson et al.,20 it was observed that the primary reason for use of revascularization was the degree of ischemia and that there was a statistically significant revascularization benefit for patients with grade 3 ischemia, compared with a strong trend to benefit in patients at grades 1 and 2. These results confirm the recommendations of the SVS WIfI classification expert panel, who proposed that revascularization would be highly beneficial/necessary for almost all patients with grade 3 ischemia and selected patients with grade 2.20
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
115,245 |
For both types of samples (Cu-1 and Cu-8 samples), signal II shows different behaviors with temperature increase (Fig. 7), but it has similar trend with the contribution of monoclinic phase: its intensity initially increases with monoclinic-to-tetragonal (-cubic) ratio and then decreases (Fig. 11). Since the signal II is observed only when monoclinic phase appears, it can be assumed to be caused by CuZr 2+ ions in monoclinic structure. The absence of signal of CuZr 2+ ions in tetragonal structure can be related, for example, with rapid spin relaxation processes.Fig. 11Variation of the intensity of EPR signal II vs. monoclinic-to-tetragonal (-cubic) ratio for Cu-1 (circles) and Cu-8 (triangles) samples
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
360,808 |
The mass spectrometry analysis of LC–MS/MS was performed using a Thermo Q-Exactive mass spectrometer, and the MS/MS spectra from each LC–MS/MS run were searched against D. radiodurans. fasta from UniProt using MaxQuant software (Version 1.5.2.8, Matthias Mann, Martinsried, Germany). The search criteria were as follows: full tryptic specificity was required; C-carboxyamidomethylation was set as the fixed modification; M oxidation and N-terminal were set as the variable modifications; the precursor ion mass tolerance was set at 15 ppm for all MS; the fragment ion mass tolerance was set at 20 mmu; and two missed cleavages were allowed.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
175,720 |
The ranges of RMSE and RRMSE were 1.06–4.05 °C and 4.91–20.26%, respectively, in the stationary microwave heating model of the sausages at orientations of 0°, 45°, 90°, and 135°. The value of RMSE was acceptable for validating the microwave heating model , whereas there were high values for RRMSE that may be due to the greater sensitivity of RRMSE than of RMSE. In addition, the errors might be attributed to actual thermal and moisture accumulation, protein denaturation, and fiber optic sensor movement.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
336,312 |
Adherent and spheroid MSCs were plated into the bottom of 24-well plates in 700 μL of complete RPMI (formulated as described above). PBMCs were stained with CSFE and combined with CD3/CD28 Dynabeads to yield a final concentration of 1 million PBMCs/mL. Trans-well inserts with 3 μm pores (Corning, Cat # 07-200-148) were added to MSC loaded wells and 250 μL of Dynabead-PBMC solution was placed in the inserts. Cells were then cultured for 6 days prior to analysis by flow cytometry as described above.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
319,769 |
Cigarettes contain a distinctive quantity of trace elements known to have toxicological effects on living organisms, and the smoking process drastically increases the concentrations of those elements in the cellulose acetate filter . To identify and quantify the metals leached from discarded CBs and determine the relationship between the metal concentration leached, the pH of the solution and the condition of the sample, a comprehensive leachate analysis was conducted based on the ABLP .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
235,314 |
ICR and 129/Sv eight-week-old female mice (Weitonglihua, Beijing, China) were super-ovulated via the injection of 5 IU of pregnant mare’s serum gonadotropin (PMSG) followed by 5 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) over 48 h. Ovulated MII oocytes were collected 16 h after HCG injection in M2 and treated with hyaluronidase until the cumulus cells dispersed, and then activated in the activation medium for 4–6 h. The activated parthenogenetic diploid embryos were cultured in a KSOM medium (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) to develop to blastocysts. Activation medium containing 4.77 g/L of NaCl, 0.36 g/L of KCl, 0.161 g/L of KH2PO4, 0.291 g/L of MgSO4·7H2O, 5.847 g/L of sodium lactate, 1 g/L of glucose, 0.13 g/L of penicillin–streptomycin, 2.11 g/L of NaHCO3, 0.01 g/L of phenol red, 0.0297 g/L of sodium pyruvate, 2.66 g/L of SrCl2·6H2O, 0.146 g/L of glutamine, 0.04 g/L of EDTA, and 5 μg/L of cytochalasin B.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
156,490 |
Recent initiatives within the UK National Health Service (NHS) have been introduced in an effort to begin to tackle some of the issues identified in this analysis. The NHS Long term Plan,39 for example, targets continuity of midwifery carer towards women from minoritised ethnic and deprived groups, with the intention of enabling individualised and nuanced care. NHS England and NHS Improvement have developed Equity and Equality Guidance for Local Maternity Systems40 and local maternity services have been asked to co-produce Equity and Equality Action Plans, reflecting Kilbourne et al's observation10 that initiatives which are successful at reducing inequalities address the needs of specific population groups.
| 2 | 2other
| 1Other
|
241,754 |
The XPS analysis in Figure 1e shows a decreasing Sr/La ratio in the near surface with increasing LCO thickness indicating a successful bilayer film growth. The Sr/La ratio of La0.6Sr0.4CoO3 is larger than expected, indicating slight Sr segregation on the surface of the LSCO films.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
227,093 |
All participants completed the study online. Prior to their participation, they were informed about the procedure of the study and completed the consent form. After reading the cover story, participants were asked about their expectations, incentive and commitment to independently solve the upcoming logical reasoning task. They were then randomly assigned to the experimental conditions. Thereafter, participants completed the logical reasoning task and were finally asked for some demographic data. After completion of the study, all participants were thanked, debriefed and received credit for their participation in the survey.
| 3 | 2other
| 0Study
|
178,295 |
On the other hand, the median values of the number of turns were significantly different for those conditions. They were 48.5, 44.0, 44.5, and 57.0, for conditions 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, and the numbers in condition 4 were significantly higher than those in conditions 2 (p < 0.05) and 3 (p < 0.001). Also, the median values of total time for typing were 2.1 × 102s, 1.7 × 102s, 1.7 × 102s, and 2.0 × 102s for conditions 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The numbers in condition 4 were significantly higher than those in conditions 2 (p < 0.01) and 3 (p < 0.01).
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
168,019 |
SDD has yet to be compared directly with modern infection control protocols within the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) population. The only trial data suggest a reduction in incidence of VAP but not mortality, however the study was underpowered and the observed mortality was very low.16 Therefore, a clinical trial comparing SDD with standard infection control methods is required. Given the paucity of data describing the use of SDD in PICU and to establish the appropriate safety and ecological monitoring protocols, it is first imperative to establish whether a large, multicentre trial is feasible.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
324,657 |
For sensitivity analysis, after omitting a study each time, the overall result was still stable (Supplementary Figure 1). To find the potential sources of heterogeneity, we used the study location, CAL diagnostic criteria, and duration of follow-up as covariates for the meta-regression analysis (Supplementary Table 3). The meta-regression results showed that the study location influenced the pooled estimate (China, P = 0.003, America, P = 0.003). A subgroup analysis was performed based on the study locations (Figure 3), we observed a significant decrease in the heterogeneity. From the overall results by each region, the Chinese studies supported that early treatment with IVIG was a protective factor against the developing CAL [OR 0.73; 95% CI (0.66, 0.80); P < 0.001] with a low heterogeneity (P = 0.543; I2 = 0.0%); however, the Japanese studies failed to show significant differences in the incidence of CAL regardless of the timing of IVIG treatment [OR 1.27; 95% CI (0.98, 1.64); P = 0.074]. Callinan's study was the only American study enrolled in this meta-analysis [OR 0.50; 95% CI (0.38, 0.66); P < 0.001].
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
246,874 |
In sharp contrast to the structure of large-sized metal nanoparticles (>3 nm), in which the individual ligand is attached directly to the close-packed metal core substrate, the structure of metal NCs can be illustrated by a ‘divide-and-protect’ model (Fig. 1a–c) with the ‘staple motifs’ of metal(I)-ligand wrapping over the metal core . The composition and structure of metal(I)-ligand motifs are diverse (e.g. from monomeric ML2 to heptameric M7L8 in the case of Au NCs, where M and L denote the metal and ligand, respectively) and mostly determined by curvature of the metal core. The AIE concept allows emission enhancement of metal NCs by effective restriction of intra-/intermolecular motion (i.e. vibration and rotation) of surface motifs, minimizing non-radiative decay . Keeping this in mind, the AIE of metal NCs is, in essence, an affair closely related to the surface-emission state on the basis of ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) and/or ligand-to-metal-metal charge transfer (LMMCT), generating radiative relaxation via a metal-centered triplet . Therefore, the AIE-type luminescent metal NCs feature long decay lifetime (μs-level), low emission energy (<2.2 eV) and large Stokes shifts (>100 nm), and their emission intensity is highly dependent on the features of their surface and interface .
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
174,208 |
It’s because normally I am someone who understands themselves well already, so your app has the effect of helping me determine what I’m feeling at an exact moment. After that, I can adjust it myself so that [my mood] slowly goes back to being normal. But to say that I understand more about myself, I don’t think I did.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
213,805 |
Compounds with tetraphenylethylene (TPE) units show AIE behavior, and have stimulated biomedical and optoelectronic applications.55 Upon mixing a carboxyl substituted TPE (TPE-COOH) with RB particles, TPE-COOH was encapsulated into RB particles as indicated by the promoted AIE expression (Fig. 5d, e and S22†), exhibiting an enhanced fluorescence at 430 nm and a blue-shift of 40 nm compared to TPE-COOH due to restricted intramolecular rotation.56,57 The successful incorporation of TPE-COOH is probably due to the polar-π interaction58,59 between –C6F5 from the host particle and phenyl from the TPE guest (Fig. 5f).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
153,267 |
The effects of moving anchors on capture spiral count and radial count data were assessed with generalised linear mixed models (GLMMs); Poisson error distributions. All other dependent variables were continuous and analysed with linear mixed models (LMMs). Several continuous variables analysed with LMMs were log-transformed or inverse transformed to meet the assumption of normality which was verified with histograms, Q-Q plots and Shapiro Wilk tests (Online Resource 8).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
174,813 |
a. Figure 2: A clear statement of which of these are the previously described models and which of these is the new model would be helpful. Also, not all notation is defined – e.g. the betas, Y's and N's. Again while some of this can be deduced, a full list would be helpful for completeness and particularly for readers to who may not be experts in DAGs
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
102,056 |
Strikingly, the recently fast-growing body of replication attempts of these anticipatory looking paradigms could not help to elucidate this issue. For example, previous successful conceptual replications with children and adults could in turn not be directly replicated . In sum, the to date available replication attempts draw a complicated and mixed picture of replications, partial replications and non-replications .
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
|
336,085 |
Primary retinal CD11b+ microglia were isolated from dim-reared mouse retinas and sorted by FACS (BD FACS Aria III; JCSMR Imaging and Cytometry Facility) into a 48-well plate at ∼1500 cells per well, as previously described (Mulfaul et al., 2020; Wooff et al., 2020b). Cells were stained with a PE anti-mouse/human CD11b antibody (clone M1/70, #101207; BioLegend) for 40 min prior to FACS. Isolated primary microglia were cultured for 4 weeks in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM)-F12 (Thermo Fisher Scientific) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Sigma Aldrich), 1% antibiotic-antimycotic (Thermo Fisher Scientific), 3% L-glutamine (Thermo Fisher Scientific), 0.25 ng/ml GM-CSF (Stem Cell Technologies, Vancouver, BC, Canada), and 2.5 ng/ml M-CSF (Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany), as previously described (Mulfaul et al., 2020; Wooff et al., 2020b).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
6,710 |
To further investigate interpatient variability, the patients were separated according to their cancer type into two groups, i.e., SCCa of the upper aerodigestive tract sites and cancer of the thyroid. The SCCa group had 29 patients from whom 20 external-validations were performed, and the thyroid cancer group had 21 patients from whom 17 external-validations were performed, as shown in Table 1.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
143,514 |
Certain limitations of this study should be pointed out. First, the study was retrospective and is predicted to result in bias. To minimize the bias of post-hoc analysis, an internal validation was performed. Ultimately, prospective validation is needed to verify the predictive performance of this model. Second, the primary disease spectrum in our cohort differed from that in previous studies. For example, aspergilloma was reported to be associated with hemoptysis recurrence [9, 33]. However, we could not analyze this risk factor because only one patient in our study was diagnosed with aspergilloma and did not experience relapse. Third, laboratory results were not analyzed, due to their high variability in the context of long-term events prediction. Fourth, the model did not assess the effects of medical treatment for pulmonary diseases that were coincident with or initiated after BAE.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
330,666 |
Yeah, so even if you had that advice in the back of your mind I don’t know that you are thinking that straight, if you know what I mean? You’re just trying to get through the first few days, aren’t you? Without trying to think about am I washing my hands? Have I had a shower every day? Right? Have I eaten something healthy? Because you’re just so exhausted (woman Int1).
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
149,573 |
Ethylene induced the transcription of genes, including UFGT, related to anthocyanin biosynthesis in grape berries . As grape berries are classified as a non-climacteric fruit , grape berry ripening is said to have long occurred independently of ethylene . There is no question that ethylene is critical for some berry-ripening processes including anthocyanin accumulation in berry skin . For anthocyanin biosynthesis, the upregulation of UFGT transcription by ethylene is independent of MybA1 transcription induced by ABA . In the present study, we found that (1) sound stimulation did not upregulate NCED1 and MybA1 transcription (Figure 3); (2) ethephon induced anthocyanin accumulation (Figure 4); and (3) UFGT promoter, having a predicted ethylene-responsive element (Figure S2), was activated by ethephon (Figure 5). Therefore, we predicted that sound stimulation enhanced anthocyanin accumulation through the direct upregulation of UFGT by ethylene, but not through the upregulation of MybA1 by ABA, as shown in Figure 6. Although we could not determine the quantities of ethylene in VR cells and berry skin exposed to sound stimulation due to technical difficulties, our prediction was supported by the finding that the enhancement of anthocyanin accumulation in VR cells exposed to sound stimulation was suppressed by inhibiting ethylene biosynthesis (Figure 4).
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
315,585 |
4) The authors cite many of the multiplexed in situ and spatial mapping technologies that have been published over the last few years, but rather than comparing the performance of Scrinshot against any of these, they present data benchmarking Scrinshot against cDNA-based in situ, an early technology that was abandoned because of its poor performance. All contemporary approaches to multiplexed in situ hybridization rely on RNA detection, for instance branched-chain (RNAscope) and the two most closely related to Scrinshot (StarMAP and PLISH) that also employ rolling circle amplification. So, if the authors want to demonstrate that Scrinshot is an advance for the field, they must compare its performance to a current standard in the field, not an early-generation technology that has been far surpassed.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
277,711 |
To analyze the phylogenetic placement of A. dubius in Amaranthus, chloroplast genomes sequences of additional eight Amaranthus species and Alternanthera philoxeroides as outgroup were obtained from NCBI. The sequence alignment was conducted by MAFFT v7.450 (Katoh and Standley 2013), of which parameter used the default. Based on TVM + F+G4 model and 5000 bootstrap replicates, the maximum-likelihood (ML) analysis was performed by using IQTREE v2.0.6 (Nguyen et al. 2015). The result indicates that A. dubius is sister to a clade formed by A. hypochondriacus and A. caudatus (Figure 1). We hope the complete chloroplast genome of A. dubius will provide necessary genetic resource and background data for further phylogenetic study of the Amaranthaceae.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
147,651 |
Sustainable food production is the utmost requirement for food and nutritional security. Based on reports, 821 million people are point below nourishment level; i.e., 151 million children under 5 years are stunted; in terms of micronutrients, two billion people are not able to meet the requirement for living a healthy life, globally. To meet these demands, the production and supply system has to be sound. It has been projected that production has to be increased by 60% by 2050, amid different challenges related to the production system posed by climate change (WHO/FAO, 2015), which is further projected to worsen by an increase in the price of food to the extent of 1–29% by 2050. The development of climate-resilient varieties through conventional approaches of hybridization and selection is input-intensive (labor, land, and time), limiting the realized genetic gain. Improvement in the genetic gain as per the Lush equation (Lush, 1943) can be secured through i) better intensity of selection via accurate and high-throughput phenotyping and ii) having a broad genetic base representing diverse eco-geography in breeding program. The advancement in genomics approaches leads to the availability of huge resources like genome sequence information, transcriptome, and proteome that have paved the way to hasten the identification of target genes mitigating the effects of climate change (Varshney et al., 2018). This sequence of information also leads to the identification of several mutant loci at the nucleotide level which might be associated with characters of complex nature like yield in general and under different circumstances of stress, which are otherwise very difficult to decipher. Genomic selection emerged as an important tool which can utilize such information for modeling the crop yield for effective and rapid selection under different environmental conditions to meet the production challenges in a climate-changing world.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
375,203 |
Enhanced ET could potentially overcome resistance caused by the activated somatic mutants and other mechanisms (101). Although FUL has displayed clinical benefit in ABC patients despite its inconvenience and poor bioavailability of intramuscular injections, the drug-resistant phenotypes of the ESR1 mutants underline the need to develop more potent SERDs/SERMs that are also orally bioavailable (102). GLL398, a boron-modified GW5638 analog, has shown superior ER degrading efficacy and oral bioavailability (103, 104). Compound ERD-148 is a novel orally bioavailable degrader of ERα. ERD-148 inhibited the growth of ER+ BC cells via specifically antagonizing the ERα receptor with comparable potency to FUL and marginal non-specific toxicity (105).. Bazedoxifene is a potent anti-estrogen agent that is clinically approved for hormone replacement therapy. Fanning et al. found that bazedoxifene possessed improved inhibitory potency against the D538G and Y537S mutants compared with TAM and had additional inhibitory activity when combined with a CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib. Elacestrant, a novel oral SERD, presented growth inhibition in cells and patient-derived xenograft models resistant to all three approved CDK4/6 inhibitors, providing a scientific rationale for evaluating elacestrant in patients pre-treated with CDK4/6 inhibitors (106). Several ongoing clinical trials involving potential novel SERDs were presented in Table 3 .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
47,333 |
MO is widely used as a pH indicator in industries and research institutes whose chemical structure comprise an azo group. The removal of MO dye from the environment gain great interest because it causes several health and environmental related problems76,77. The catalytic reduction of organic dyes by NaBH4 in the existence of catalyst is widely applied to evaluate the catalytic properties of various catalysts. This reduction reaction of MO is thermodynamically favorable but unfavorable kinetically4,78. MO imparts an orange-red color to the aqueous solution. A strong absorption band at 464 nm and another band at 280 nm were recorded for the aqueous solution of MO using UV-visible spectrophotometer. The absorption band at λmax = 464 nm was due to the presence of -N = N- functional group in the chemical structure of MO. The reduction of MO by NaBH4 in the absence of suitable catalyst is kinetically slow and take several hours as previously reported79. Such studies suggest that this reaction is kinetically unfavorable by using only NaBH4 without the use of catalyst. Herein, we used of different MNPs (Ag, Co, Cu and Ni) templated on CS-TiO2-15 as a catalyst to investigate the catalytic reduction of MO by NaBH4.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
159,271 |
As displayed in Figure 3, with common understanding of the presence of climate hazards in the game, players in T1 lagged significantly behind players in T2 in terms of the Timeliness in Climate DRR: players with risk knowledge, on average, started building green infrastructure at the beginning of the game, while players without risk knowledge did not do so until the first climate hazard was coming. Decision making in advance of disasters guided by risk knowledge may be one of the reasons for the difference in DRR between T1 and T2. In addition, the lack of risk knowledge may lead decision makers to ignore the risk of hazards , which made them more concerned about the level of economic development before they were really aware of the damage of disasters.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
27,652 |
When WT plants were used as rootstock, a 24% grafting success rate was observed if lateral buds were not removed from the rootstock (Table 2). After manual removal of buds from the WT rootstock, the grafting success rate increased to 68%. On the other hand, when the iaaM plants were used as rootstocks under the identical experimental conditions, we observed no lateral bud release and the grafting success rate reached 91%, demonstrating that expression of the SbUGT::iaaM in rootstock significantly enhanced grafting success rates.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
240,040 |
The goal of this study is to identify the most reasonable signal processing workflow to monitor muscle fatigue even in sEMG signals heavily influenced by cardiogenic artifacts. The main focus of this work was on two key components of the signal processing and their combination: (1) elimination of cardiogenic artifacts and (2) fatigue detection algorithms playing well together with the elimination methods.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
180,876 |
Within the groups with the same age range at onset (early-onset with pIQ vs. early-onset with average pIQ; adult-onset with low pIQ vs. adult-onset with average pIQ), the only difference in symptomatology, functioning, remission, or recovery rates at baseline or follow-up was that the subgroup of adult-onset with average pIQ recovered significantly more frequently than adult-onset with low pIQ subgroup (V = 0.17). We found no significant difference in these clinical variables within the subgroups of early-onset cases. Figure 1 reflects the progression pattern of recovery rates for the four subgroups.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
362,017 |
Sex differences in senescence and SASP may contribute to the increasing sex disparity in cancer incidence with age. a Cancer incidence increases more steeply in males than in females with age, according to SEER explorer data from 2012–2016266. b Sex differences in cell cycle regulators, metabolism, and epigenetics can all result in sex differences in senescence activation and SASP. Senescence induction can decrease the risk of transformation in damaged or aged cells, whereas SASP can have both anti-tumorigenic and pro-tumorigenic consequences on the aging tissue. In this way, sex differences in senescence and SASP may contribute to the observed age and sex effects on cancer
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
219,325 |
TRG plays an important role in the evaluation of effectiveness of neoadjuvant therapy. TRG is related to many pathological characteristics, including ypT 14, ypN 15, histological type 16 and, Lauren classification 17. However, the relationships between TRG and some clinical factors such as tumor markers before treatment are still unclear and it is unknown which groups of patients tend to have a better tumor regression.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
334,087 |
The social interaction domain of the ADI-R caused fewer difficulties for participants with CS than for children with autism (mean 10.33, SD 7.29 vs 24.96, SD 4.42) but more difficulties than for children with intellectual disability (mean 3.83, SD 4.57). For the communication domain, participants with CS who were verbal were similar to children with autism (mean 8, SD 4.86 vs 10.16, SD 10.79), but had fewer difficulties than children with intellectual disability (mean 2.13 SD 3.48). Nonverbal participants with CS had significantly fewer communication difficulties than nonverbal children with autism (mean 6.69, SD 4.79 vs 12.48, SD 2.16), and communication difficulties similar to those of nonverbal children with intellectual disability (mean 2.13, SD 2.67). For the domain of restricted, repetitive behaviors, participants with CS had significantly fewer abnormal behaviors than children with autism (mean 3.13, SD 2.22 vs 6.16, SD 3.21) but more than children with intellectual disability (mean 0.61, SD 1.27).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
211,219 |
Wine has been of particular interest in the field of food sciences due to its unique sensory attributes and health properties . Wine aroma is one of the most important aspects that directly affect the overall quality of wine . Volatile compounds in wine are mainly derived from three origins: grape berry, fermentation, and aging. Volatile compounds in grapes can be extracted during fermentation process into wine and these volatiles mainly determine the varietal scents of wine . Additionally, fermentative aroma of wine, such as higher alcohols and esters, results generally from volatiles generated during the wine fermentation process . The wine aging process can further yield volatile compounds that possess aging characteristics, which can further wine complexity .
| 2 | 2other
| 1Other
|
76,173 |
Anopheline immatures have been reported to live in acidic as well as alkaline medium . However, alkaline pH with the range 8–8.5 is considered to be favourable pH for the majority of anophelines . In Iran , An. stephensi was found with pH ranging 7.1–8.6, which is similar to the present study, where anopheline positive breeding habitats exhibited pH from slightly acidic to alkaline (6.82–8.72). Further, similar to temperature, pH is believed to be positively correlated with Anopheles larval density [23, 28], whereas it has been reported that pH had no significant association with Anopheles density . The present study revealed that although pH had no correlation with An. stephensi density in habitats where it bred alone or with other mosquito species, it had a strong negative correlation with An. stephensi immature density in wells where it bred alone.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
139,933 |
We measured two independent variables at the ZIP code-level differentiating between income and income inequality. We used ACS 2013–2017 5-year estimates to obtain median household income and the Gini coefficient for each ZIP code. The Gini coefficient, though documented with limitations, has become a standard measurement of income inequality (US Census Bureau 2013–2017). It ranges from zero, expressing perfect equality (where all persons have equal shared of aggregate income), to one, expressing maximal inequality (where one person has all the income and the rest have none). The measurement characterizes the distribution of income within a social unit or group of people and therefore has no individual level analogue.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
135,255 |
3D models of SSUHPC and FRUHPC were established by processing the slice data obtained from the X-CT test, as shown in Figure 5. The difference shown by the 3D model is that the concrete surface became rough after sulphate corrosion, which is consistent with the conclusion obtained through visual observation. In order to further investigate interior changes, we used a 3D model of the interior of the concrete for analysis.
| 1 | 2other
| 0Study
|
193,445 |
The best performing algorithm was signaled with an asterisk (*). If the F1 score of a group type reported the same number for more than one approach, the star is represented twice. With respect to the detection accuracy trend, the overestimation both of the cell instance and the lumen area was reported with a plus sign (+), underestimation with a minus (−), and if there was no evident trend an equal symbol was noted (=).
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
12,424 |
Sas-6-GFP is incorporated irreversibly into the growing daughter centriole. (A and B) Micrographs show a 3D-SIM-FRAP analysis of Sas-6-GFP (A) or Ana2-GFP (B) dynamics. A 3D-SIM image of a centriole pair was acquired in early S-phase (Pre-bleach); the centrioles were then photobleached (Bleach), and a post-bleach image was acquired 5–10 min later. (C and D) The same image acquisition protocol was followed in embryos that simultaneously express the mother centriole marker Asl-mCherry along with either Sas-6-GFP (C) or Ana2-GFP (D; note that bleaching the Sas-6- or Ana2-GFP, as an unintended consequence, also bleaches the Asl-mCherry fluorescence). Asl-mCherry fluorescence rapidly recovers at the mother centriole, as reported previously (Novak et al., 2014, 2016), as does Ana2-GFP fluorescence, indicating that both proteins turn over at the fully grown mother centrioles. In contrast, Sas-6-GFP does not detectably recover at the mother centriole, but does recover at the daughter. This suggests that once Sas-6-GFP molecules are incorporated into the cartwheel structure they do not turn over, at least not over the time course of these experiments. The underlying schematics illustrate our interpretation of the behavior of the GFP and mCherry fusions. Bars, 0.2 µm. n = 4 embryos; n = 15 centriole pairs for each protein in each experiment.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
203,764 |
Each growth chamber had a rectangular floor base, supported by a steel frame hanging 50 cm above the cement ground base (Figure S2A). The bottom floors of the growth chamber are made up of polyvinyl chloride plates, and the four-sided walls and top roofs of the chamber are constructed by tempered glass (10 mm thickness, 90% light transmission rate, Yutao Glass Company, Jiulongpo, Chongqing, China) (Figure S2A). The growth chamber has a size of 1.5 m × 1.0 m × 2.5 m (length × width × height) in order to grow maize, Sorghum bicolor, Glycine max, wheat, and so forth. The electron sensors for monitoring humidity, temperature, light intensity, and CO2 concentrations are mounted on the outer and inner surfaces of the glass wall in each chamber to monitor their variations (Figure S2B–D). The air humidity, temperature, and CO2 concentrations are automatically controlled by their respective electronic bits and pieces (Figure S2G). The monitor’s signals are fed into proportionally integrated differential controllers that regulate the opening time within a 10 s cycle (Figure S2B,C,G). This automatic electronic controlling system can automatically regulate and instantly visualize the fluctuation of ±30 ppm CO2 concentration, ±0.5 °C air temperature and ±5% humidity inside and outside the chamber (Figure 2 and Figure S2B,C). The targeted CO2 concentration inside is maintained by injecting 99.99% CO2 from the cylinder (Figure S2E,F) using a solenoid valve controlled by a mini-computer (Figure S2G). When the CO2 concentration inside a chamber exceeds the targeted concentration, the inside air is pumped out using a pump controlled by the mini-computer and filtered with 1.0 M NaOH solution. When the humidity inside a chamber is higher than that of outside the air humidity, the inside air is pumped out using another pump controlled by the mini-computer and filtered with solid anhydrous calcium chloride. The temperature is automatically maintained at 0.5 °C variation between inside and outside the chamber using an air conditioner (Gree, Zhuhai Gree Corp., Zhuhai, China) controlled by the mini-computer.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
359,591 |
According to the median and IQR scores at baseline for the GDS-15 (4.0, IQR: 2.0–5.5), the LSNS-6 Family subscale (20.0, IQR: 15.0–21.0), and the LSNS-6 Friendships subscale (17.0, IQR: 14.0–19.0), most subjects were not depressed or at-risk for social isolation (Table 4). Similarly, median scores for the following PROMIS questionnaires concerning mental health at baseline were within the normal range: Global Mental Health subscale (45.8, IQR: 41.1–53.4), Anxiety (55.6, IQR: 48.8–60.7), Depression (54.8, IQR: 49.0–58.9), Sleep Disturbance (55.2, IQR: 54.3–61.7), and Social Isolation (46.8, IQR: 34.8–51.8). On the other hand, median scores for the PROMIS questionnaires concerning physical health at baseline revealed moderate to severe adverse health effects: Global Physical Health subscale (37.4, IQR: 34.9–45.0), Physical Function (36.0, IQR: 30.3–39.3), and Fatigue (62.7, IQR: 57.0–69.0).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
291,322 |
A logistic regression model was fitted on a 50% random subsample of the described dataset (development dataset, n = 2,244) with dichotomized PS ‘Good’ (ECOG 0–2) vs. ‘Poor’ (ECOG 3–5) as the dependent variable and the following predictors: age, sex, stage, Charlson's index, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, number of hospital admissions, outpatient visits, emergency accesses and prescribed drugs in the previous year, and durable medical equipment in the previous three years. The predictors to be included in the model were chosen on the basis of the literature . It was decided to develop a full model, without performing model selection using automatic statistical techniques, given the high number of events and the minimal cost represented by the collection of this information, and in order to maximize the expected discrimination ability based on administrative data only. The interactions included in the model (age x sex, and Charlson Comorbidity Index x N of prescribed drugs) were pre-specified on subject-matter knowledge basis. Age was included in the model as a restricted cubic spline with 3 knots. Coefficients and standard errors for the fitted model are presented in Table 2. The AUC of the model in the development sample was 0.76, the Brier score 0.12. The AUC of the developed model on the validation dataset was 0.73, the Brier score 0.12. Intercept and calibration slope in the validation dataset were 0.27 and 0.81.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
132,816 |
We reviewed all the patients with AP who developed IPN between January 2015 and December 2019 in the Treatment Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis of Jinling Hospital and analyzed the distribution of pathogens from pancreatic or peripancreatic necrosis. The necrotic samples were collected by fine-needle aspiration, percutaneous drainage, or open surgery. Patients with at least one positive culture were included. If several positive cultures were obtained from one patient during the same admission, only different bacteria were included. All the data were extracted from a prospectively collected database (AP Database, partial technical support from MedicalSystem Company of Suzhou in China) approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients or their next of kin during admission for medical data collection, storage, and scientific application after desensitization.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
243,522 |
The method of deformable discrete elements has been applied to model the meso-structural aspects of the failure of silica refractories. It has been discovered that the dynamic form of the combined Drucker–Prager–Rankine criterion is suitable to model the failure of quasi-brittle refractories under dynamic and quasi-static loading. This is explained by the importance of dynamic strengthening as well as for rather low rates of loading. A promising algorithm for determining the properties of microstructural constituents has been proposed. The algorithm is based on the scaling from the constituent of the best-known properties. The scaling factors are based on the Knoop hardness of the grains, matrix, and their interface. The validation and fine tuning of the properties were executed using the information on the fractions of the constituents in the real crack trajectories.
| 3 | 2other
| 0Study
|
148,339 |
The Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) 2019.01 (Chemical Computing Group, Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada) was used for molecular computational chemistry. Homology modeling, energy minimization and protein surface patch analysis were conducted in the setting of the Amber10:EHT force field and the generalized Born/volume integral (GB/VI) implicit solvent model. The Protein Data Bank (PDB) deposited structures of ZIKV (PDB accession codes: 5U4W and 5IZ7), dengue virus (PDB accession code: 4B03) and West Nile virus (WNV, PDB accession code: 3C6E) were used as the templates. The default MOE settings were used for all parameters.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
347,521 |
Overall, the study showed defects of the musculoskeletal and central nervous systems were the most frequent among the six groups of MESBDs in the county. However, hypospadias (82.50%), cleft lip with the palate (77.08%) and congenital talipes equinovarus (73.08%) were the most commonly occurring among the 29 sub-groups of MESBDs in the county;Although anencephaly is the leading cause of stillbirths associated with severe birth defects, it was among the most prevalent (30.65%) among the sub-groups of MESBDs among live-births and the highest among defects of the central nervous system;The study showed a spiraling trajectory of major external structural birth defects during the five-year study period.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
166,859 |
After that, the substrate solution containing Diaminobenzidine Chromogen (DAB) was used for 10 min and the slides were washed in distilled water. For the staining step, slides were then lightly counterstained with hematoxylin for 3 min and then washed with tap water. After hematoxylin staining, slides were treated with lithium carbonate solution for 30 s and then washed using tap water. Finally, the slides were dehydrated through ascending concentration of ethanol (95, 100%) and rinsed in xylene. The slides were mounted using dibutyl phthalate in xylene (DPX).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.