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Next, we investigated whether hTau KI proteins were acetylated. We found that hTau immunoprecipitation from Drosophila heads, followed by western blotting targeting acetylated lysines, revealed the presence of acetylated hTau species in hTau KI flies (Fig. 5a), suggesting that Tau acetylation is a conserved event in Drosophila. We therefore used our hTau KI model to further investigate, in vivo and under endogenous conditions, the impact of acetylation on hTau function. We selected 4 previously detected acetylation sites from two independent in vitro studies4, 11, namely K163, K280, K281 and K369 (Supplementary Figure 6). We generated hTau KI fly lines expressing either pseudo-acetylated (hTau-4Q) or pseudo-de-acetylated (hTau-4R) mimic mutants of these sites in the full-length hTau protein. Of note, the non-mutated “hTau KI” line will be named “hTau-wt” in the following experiments. As expected from such a KI system, hTau mRNA levels (Supplementary Figure 7a and b) were comparable among the three KI lines, allowing unbiased analysis of the functional consequences directly attributable to the generated hTau protein isoforms. We then performed immunofluorescence experiments to confirm proper hTau protein expression in embryos (Supplementary Figure 8, left panels) and adult brains (Supplementary Figure 8, right panels) of hTau-4Q and hTau-4R KI flies, and observed a similar pattern of hTau expression in their tissues to that in hTau-wt flies. To probe the biological consequences of mimicry of altered patterns of acetylation, we first evaluated neuronal degeneration by analysing eyes of hTau-4Q and hTau-4R flies (Fig. 5b and c). We did not observe any major detrimental effect of expression of these hTau species, as hTau-4Q and hTau-4R KI flies developed no rough eye phenotype, similar to hTau-wt flies (Fig. 4d). We then performed an anti-Chaoptin staining on retinas of 3-day-old hTau-4Q (Fig. 5d) and hTau-4R (Fig. 5e) KI flies and observed no loss of photoreceptor neurons, similar to what we observed following hTau-wt expression (Fig. 4h). Next, we evaluated neuronal function of these fly strains by means of electrophysiological recordings from the giant fiber system and observed no significant detrimental or beneficial effect of hTau-4Q or hTau-4R expression compared to hTau-wt on neurotransmission in the TTM (Fig. 5f, p > 0.05, one-way ANOVA) or in the DLM (Fig. 5g, p > 0.05, one-way ANOVA). We analysed neuronal function of the hTau KI lines through evaluation of fly climbing ability but did not observe any detrimental effect of the expression of any of these hTau species on climbing behaviour compared to tau KO control flies (Fig. 5h, p > 0.05, two-way ANOVA).Figure 5Acetylation of hTau KI proteins did not lead to obvious detrimental effects. (a) hTau proteins were acetylated in hTau KI Drosophila. Immunoprecipitation of hTau followed by western blot against acetylated lysines (upper panel) and total hTau proteins (lower panel) revealed a specific band for acetylated hTau species (asterisk), indicating that hTau proteins were acetylated in hTau KI fly heads. hTau immunoprecipitation on protein extracts from WT flies was performed as a negative control. Western blots were cropped in this figure; full blots are shown in Supplementary Figure 17. (b and c) Representative eye pictures of 3-day-old hTau-4Q (b) and hTau-4R (c) flies. Scale bar: 100 μm. (d and e) Photoreceptor loss in fly retinas was evaluated by anti-Chaoptin immunofluorescence (red) in 3-day-old hTau-4Q (d) and hTau-4R (e) KI flies. DAPI was used to stain cell nuclei (blue). Scale bar: 5 μm. (f and g) Electrophysiology recordings in the TTM (f) and DLM (g) was performed in 15- and 34-day-old hTau-wt, hTau-4Q and hTau-4R KI flies and showed no significant difference in neurotransmission through the giant fiber neuronal system among the investigated lines (p > 0.05, one-way ANOVA). (h) Climbing analysis was performed on hTau-wt, hTau-4Q, hTau-4R and tau KO control flies throughout ageing, showing no detrimental effect of hTau expression on fly climbing.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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24,307 |
To better understand SET regulation of EMT, we performed a PCR array for 84 genes known to be involved in EMT. These included, but were not limited to, genes involved in cell adhesion, migration, cellular differentiation, morphogenesis, development, growth, and proliferation (Supplementary Table 2). With the overexpression of SET Isoform 2 in PANC-1, we found at least 47 genes to be upregulated and 12 genes to be downregulated with a fold difference of at least 3, as compared with control cells (pLNCX2 PANC-1) (Figure 4A-4B, Supplementary Table 3). Interestingly, we identified significant increases in N-cadherin transcript levels by ∼ 100 folds as indicated in Figure 4B. These results were consistent to our earlier results where we observed SET overexpression (Figure 3C) to significantly increase N-cadherin protein levels in PANC-1. E-cadherin transcript and protein levels were also increased in PANC-1 overexpressing SET (Figures 4B & 3C), albeit at a lower magnitude as compared with N-cadherin. Since gain of N-cadherin is a characteristic feature of EMT and previous studies suggest expression of non-epithelial cadherins can downregulate the cell surface expression of E-cadherin [21, 22], we speculated that SET induced expression of N-cadherin mainly influenced EMT in PANC-1. Further, immunocytochemical analysis of N-cadherin and SET expressions in PANC-1 identified partial co-localization of N-cadherin and SET-isoform-2 at the cell surface (Figure 4C), although co-immunoprecipitation assays showed no direct interaction between the two proteins (data not shown).
| 4 | 0biomedical
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200,069 |
Values for 25(OH)D2 or 25(OH)D3 concentrations below 4 ng/mL were truncated as 4 ng/mL. Total serum 25(OH) D levels was defined as the sum of serum 25(OH)D3 and 25(OH)D2 concentrations. To clarify rates of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in this population, we considered those with serum 25(OH) D levels of < 20 ng/mL at risk of deficiency, 20–29 ng/mL at risk of insufficiency, and ≥ 30 ng/mL to have sufficient levels, according to the assessment criteria published by the Japanese Society for Bone and Mineral Research .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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72,111 |
Offline analyses allowed us to pair each yawning event with changes in the -conchal and corneal temperatures. All data were evaluated using Sigma-Plot v. 12.0 (Systat software, USA), and the statistical analyses were performed using the statistics module of Sigma-Plot. Comparison tests included a repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s test with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant.
| 3 | 0biomedical
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67,372 |
RF has been successfully applied in many scientific realms such as, the bioinformatics, proteomics, and genetics (Menze et al., 2009; Calle et al., 2011; Chen et al., 2011), but it was less applied on neuroimaging data for the prediction of the Azheimer's disease. The present paper is the first, to our knowledge, that systematically analyzed the literature of the last 10 years on the use of the RF algorithm on neuroimaging data for the early diagnosis of AD. In this review, we summarized the characteristics of twelve works (Tripoliti et al., 2007; Cabral et al., 2013; Gray et al., 2013; Lebedev et al., 2014; Moradi et al., 2015; Oppedal et al., 2015; Sivapriya et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2016; Ardekani et al., 2017; Lebedeva et al., 2017; Maggipinto et al., 2017; Son et al., 2017) by focusing our attention on performance reached by their algorithms.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
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188,529 |
To quantify the effect of the vasculature, we assessed the temporal profiles of the pressure and maximum principal strain close to the interface between the vasculature and the brain tissue, at three locations (forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain) along the mid-sagittal plane (Figure 7). Based on models with and without vasculature, the maximum pressure peaked at the forebrain and decreased by approximately 6 and 15% at the midbrain and hindbrain, respectively. As expected, at all three locations, the maximum pressure and temporal profiles of the pressure were nearly identical for both models (Figure 7A).
| 4 | 0biomedical
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226,140 |
A direct comparison of the magnetic properties of heterometallic complexes of lanthanides with ZnII or CdII cations is hampered by the small number of such complexes with similar geometric parameters. Since the ZnII and CdII ions are diamagnetic, the difference in their effect on the magnetism of the Zn-Ln and Cd-Ln compounds is exclusively due to their influence on geometric characteristics. As noted above, the larger ionic radius of the CdII cation and, accordingly, its higher possible coordination numbers in comparison with ZnII are the main sources of differences in geometric characteristics. For the above zinc complexes, in one case, two relaxation pathways were observed, which is quite typical for heterometallic DyIII complexes. The existence of two relaxation pathways can be associated with several asymmetric units and, possibly, with low-temperature isomers/conformers or Ln-Ln interactions, which perturb the electronic structure of some LnIII ions. In the CdLn complexes, we observed only one relaxation pathway, which indicates that, in this particular case, the Cd-based structure was more symmetric and/or rigid in view of the changes caused by temperature (as shown in ). In Cd-Ln complexes, the higher separation of LnIII ions may be responsible for their better magnetic isolation and the absence of disturbing interactions. However, there are currently insufficient data to formulate general conclusions.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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261,598 |
We will report: (1) the number of young people referred to the trial in total and according to referral route; (2) the number of young people screened in schools, and the proportion of those who proceed to a phone call with the family; (3) the number and proportion of young people in schools scoring above cut-off on a validated screening questionnaire (CRIES-8, see below) relative to the number of young people screened in schools; (4) the number and proportion of young people in schools who score above cut-off on the screening questionnaire but decline further participation with the trial relative to those scoring above cut-off); (5) the number and proportion of young people in schools who score above cut-off on the screening and consent to further assessment but are deemed ineligible at baseline assessment relative to those deemed eligible at baseline assessment; (6) the number of assessment appointments offered to participants; (7) the number and proportion of assessment appointments attended by participants, relative to the number of appointments offered, reported by referral source; (8) reasons for not attending assessment appointments, reported by referral source; (9) the number and proportion of young people who at baseline assessment consent to participate in the trial, relative to the number who attend assessment, with reasons for not consenting if known; (10) the number and proportion of young people eligible for the trial after baseline assessment, relative to the number of baseline assessments completed; (11) the number and proportion of young people who are randomised, and the proportion of consented young people who are randomised relative to the number who consented; (12) reasons for withdrawing from the trial if known; and (13) the number retained in study at 16 weeks (post-treatment) and at 38 weeks (follow-up), and the proportions of those who start treatment who are retained.
| 2 | 1clinical
| 1Other
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191,747 |
Our study had some limitations; the number produce and fruit samples obtained in each location may not be representative of produce from other agricultural settings in Ecuador. Additionally, long-read sequencing of plasmids could not be carried out due to budgetary limitations.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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183,095 |
In the subcategory of Stroke, ten RCTs were selected and included in the review. In total, 715 stroke (both ischemic and hemorrhagic) patients, mean age range – 55-67 years, participated in trials. Four trials recruited patients in chronic stage [20, 22, 33, 34], four during subacute stage [25, 29, 31, 35] and two trials with both combined [21, 32]. Table 1 presents the characteristics and findings of included studies in stroke subcategory. Table 1Descriptive characteristics and findings of included studies in stroke subcategorySampleInterventionComparisonOutcomeTestResultsConclusionUser feedback / follow-up infoAdomaviciene 2019RCTN=42SubacuteMean age= 64.6VR Kinect + conventional2 weeks5 times/ weekConventional with robot-assisted trainer “Armeo Spring”2 weeks5 times/ weekUE mobilityFunction*Psycho-emotionalFMA, MASBBT, HTTROM, FIMHADNo between group difference in FIM, but p<0.05 in self-care in VR.UE function significant improvement p<0.05 in both groupsVR p<0.05 in HADBoth groups improved in function, UE mobility and cognitive abilities.Great user satisfaction, improved psycho-emotional state in VR/ No follow-upFishbein 2019RCTN=22ChronicMean age= 65.2VR dual task walking4weeks2 times/ weekConventional treadmill single task walking4weeks2 times/ weekGaitBalance Function10MWT, TUG FRT, BBSABCVR p<0.01 in BBS, FRT, 10MWT, ABCVR is effective in improvement of balance, gait and function. Advised combination with conventional training with multitaskingFollow-up 4 weeks – effect maintainedKiper 2018RCTN = 136Chronic, subacuteMean age= 63.9VR + conventional4 weeks5 times/weekConventional4 weeks5 times/weekUE mobilityFunctionFMAFIMNIHSSESASVR + conventional p<0.05 in all outcomesVR combined with conventional has greater effect on UE functionNo follow-upAskin 2018RCTN=40ChronicMean age= 54.9VR Kinect + conventional4 weeks5 times/weekConventional4 weeks5 times/weekUE mobilityFunctionFMA, MASBBT, MIROMVR p<0.05 in all outcomesBetween group difference VR p<0.05 in FMA, MI, ROMVR as an effective addition to conventional therapy for UE function and ROM improvementGood response to VR, great user satisfaction/ No follow-upLee MM 2018RCTN= 30SubacuteMean age= 61.6VR Wii + conventional5 weeks3 times/weekConventional5 weeks3 times/weekUE functionBalanceMFTFRTBoth groups p<0.05 in all outcomes.Between group difference p<0.05 in VR in balance, UE functionVR is effective for postural balance and UE function if combined with conventionalNo follow-upSchuster-Ampf 2018RCTN = 54ChronicMean age = 61.2VR4 weeks4 times/weekConventional4 weeks4 times/weekUE functionDexterityQoLADLBBTCAHAISISBIBoth groups p<0.05 in BBT, CAHAI, SISNo between group difference in all outcomes, except for SIS p<0.05 in VRVR as an effective alternative to conventional therapy in UE function, ADL, QoL.Groups improved more in first 2 weeks.Greater improvement and response to VR in less impaired / No follow-upUtkan-Karasu 2018RCTN=23Chronic, subacuteMean age= 63.2VR Wii4 weeks5 times/weekConventional4 weeks5 times/weekBalanceFunctionBBS, FRTFIM, TUGBoth groups p<0.05 in all outcomesBetween group difference VR p<0.05 in BBS, FRT, FIMVR is an effective additional intervention for improvement of function, balance, independenceFollow-up 4 weeks – effect maintainedLee HC 2017RCTN= 47ChronicMean age= 57.6VR Kinect + conventional6 weeks2 times/weekConventional6 weeks2 times/weekBalanceADLQoLSatisfaction, feasibilityBBS, FRT, TUG BI, ABCSISBoth groups p<0.05 in BBS, TUGNo between group difference in other outcomesVR combined with conventional is effective for balance trainingGreat user satisfaction in VR/Follow-up 3 months – effect maintainedBrunner 2017RCTN=112SubacuteMean age= 62VR4 weeks4 times/weekConventional4 weeks4 times/weekUE mobilityFunctionADLARATBBTFIMBoth groups p<0.01 in all outcomesNo between group differenceVR as effective as conventional for UE function. Entertaining alternative to standard rehabilitationGreat user satisfaction in VR/Follow-up 3 months – effect maintainedAdie 2017RCTN=209SubacuteMean age= 67.3VR Wii6 weeks7 times/weekConventional6 weeks7 times/weekUE mobilityFunctionQoLCost-effectARATMRSSISEQ-5D-3LBoth groups p<0.05 in ARAT, EQ 5D 3LNo between group differenceVR not superior than conventional, but exciting.Cost-effect - more expensive than home exercise.Good acceptability of VR/Follow-up 6 months – no between group difference, but improved health state and arm function*Function here refers to general functional ability, motor function by functional assessment tools. The terminology varies between the studiesAbbreviations: 10MWT 10 meter Walk Test, ABC Activity-specific BalanceConfidence scale, ARAT Action Research Arm Test, BBS Berg Balance Scale, BBT Box and Block Test, BI Barthel Index, CAHAI Chedoke McMaster Arm and Hand Activity Inventory, ESAS Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale, EQ-5D-3L Quality of Life measure, FIM Functional Independence Measure, FMA Fugl-Meyer Assessment, FRT Functional Reach Test, HAD Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale, HTT Hand-Tapping Test, MAS Modified Ashworth Scale, MI Motricity Index, MFT Manual Function Test, MRS Modified Rankin Scale, NIHSS National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, ROM Range of Motion, SIS Stroke Impact Scale, TUG Timed Up and Go test, UE upper extremity
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
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376,396 |
Knapp welcomed everyone back to the final session, noting that everyone had done well in getting through all the sessions extremely efficiently, quickly, and in incredibly good humour. The last item of business was the reports of the various committees, beginning with the report of the Nominating Committee.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
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204,439 |
For coimmunoprecipitation studies of Vpu and CD47, transfected HEK 293T cells were lysed in 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)-dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS) buffer (50 mM Tris, 5 mM EDTA, 100 mM NaCl, 0.5% CHAPS, pH 7.2) supplemented with protease inhibitors. Lysates were first precleared by incubation with 40 μl of protein A-Sepharose beads CL-4B (Sigma, GE17-0963-03) for 1 h at 4°C and incubated with mouse MAb anti-HA (clone 16B12) overnight. The following day, 40 μl of beads was added, and samples were incubated for 2 h, washed five times with CHAPS buffer, and analyzed by Western blotting.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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248,061 |
Brown crystals, mp (decomposition 323 °C), 1H NMR, at ẟ 12.30, 8.58 (s, 2H, 2OH), 8.52 (s, IH, ArH), 8.25–8.02 (m, 5H, ArH), 8–7.95 (m, 3H, ArH), 7.85–7.73 (m, 2H,), 6.52–6.51 (d, d, J1 = 9.2, J2 = 8.8 Hz, 2H, ArH); 13C NMR; 187.18, 164.26, 163.14, 161.64, 151.84, 151.64, 149.99, 145.66, 143.84, 141.74, 132.97, 131.90, 129.60, 127.26, 126.44, 125.82, 122.54, 120.37, 119.88, 116.58, 116.36, 109.99, 103.46; IR (cm−1), 1620 (C=C), 1680 (C=O), 3060 (C=CH), 3440 (OH); Element analysis calculated of C21H15N2O3, C, 69.61; H, 4.17; N, 7.73; Present C, 69.60; H, 4.20; N, 7.90. EIMS: m/z (%): 362 (24.37%) [M]+.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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92,019 |
Since EIN3 is the transcription factor under AKIN10 regulation (Figs 2d and 3c), we investigated whether EIN3 modulation plays a regulatory role in the DCMU-induced delay of leaf senescence. Unfailingly leaf degreening due to chlorophyll degradation progressed in Col-0 during dark incubation (Fig. 4f). However, its progression was delayed in loss-of-function ein3-1 and enhanced in EIN3 expressing transgenic Col-0 (EIN3). In the presence of DCMU, leaf degreening progression was slowed down in both Col-0 and EIN3-expressing transgenic Col-0. However, the effect of DCMU on leaf degreening was not so obvious in ein3-1. Consistently, chlorophyll contents were relatively low in Col-0 after 4 days of dark incubation, and even lower in EIN3 expressing transgenic line, but they remained high in ein3-1 (Fig. S3). In the presence of DCMU, chlorophyll contents were maintained to a high level in Col-0 and EIN3 expressing transgenic Col-0, but those were not affected in ein3-1. In summary, DCMU was able to modulate leaf senescence through EIN3 regulation in ethylene signaling.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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224,065 |
Cancers are associated with aberrant epigenetic modifications such as alterations in DNA methylation or abnormal post-translational histone modifications by dysregulation of acetylation and/or methylation . As epigenetic modifiers are sensitive to extrinsic factors and exhibit reversible mechanistics, they are emerging as promising targets in a variety of pathologies, including cancer. Several epidrugs, compounds that target enzymes with epigenetic activity or the epigenome, have been used in clinical trials for cancer therapy . However, significant toxic effects have been reported with those agents . Nutraceuticals also function as epidrugs , and several natural bioproducts such as quercetin, resveratrol, curcumin, genistein, and catechins, exhibit potent antitumoral effects by reverting epigenetic alterations associated with oncogene activation or tumor suppressor gene inactivation . These compounds modulate the epigenome via chromatin remodeling mechanisms . Nutraceuticals may, therefore, restore carcinogenesis-induced epigenetic alterations and represent an alternative therapeutic option for cancer treatment to help improve cancer outcomes .
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
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215,291 |
The authors should provide more descriptive variables on the data. What was the mean number of courses students enrolled in (range of enrolled courses)? How long does one course take? How many sessions does one course include (range)? How many different courses exist in this online school? Were all courses analyzed? More information here is needed.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
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298,473 |
With the advent of peptide microarray platforms it is now possible to perform high-throughput serological screening of short peptides, which allows for faster discovery of linear antigenic determinants with good potential for diagnostic applications (4). Taking advantage of complete genome sequences from pathogens, it is theoretically possible to scan every encoded protein with short peptides against sera from infected hosts. However, while this is straightforwardly achieved for viral pathogens and small bacteria, it gets more difficult when dealing with larger bacteria or eukaryotic parasites, since they can reach thousands of proteins with millions of peptides, exceeding the average capacity of standard protein or peptide microarrays (5). Besides, it is now becoming common to fit in the arrays additional sequence variants obtained from the pathogen population (from diverse strains and clinical isolates). One example are serological strain typing strategies (6), which would stress the capacity of these platforms.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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202,287 |
Systematic shrinking and expansion of the crystal lattice volume. (A) SEM images of the nanocomposites before (green) and after (red) conversion. (B) Total volume change of the structures ε, calculated as ε = εRadial*εAzi2, against the unit cell volume change θ.27 The insets show εRadial and εAzi. The dashed black lines represent a slope of 1 between ε and θ. The dotted red line is a linear fit of the experimentally determined data with formula ε = 0.69*θ + 0.27, indicating that there is a direct relation between θ and the relative volume changes of a nanocomposite.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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156,738 |
Next, we analyzed the immunophenotypic signature of B-cell subsets using established murine markers of B-cell development. Representative plots are depicted in Fig. 3C, including comparison to blood from wildtype littermates and Eµ-TCL1 mice. After gating out CD3+ T and CD11b+ myeloid populations, cells were visualized using CD19 and CD5 expression markers: a phenotypically homogeneous CD19+/CD5+ co-expression population (CLL-like cells) with marked expansion in the blood was observed in Eµ-MTCP1 mice but not wildtype littermates. Typically, lymphocytes of significantly diseased Eμ-MTCP1 mice were composed of >60% CD19+/B220dim B cells. CLL-like cells and maturing B cells (CD19+/CD5−) were further dissected according to CD21 and IgM expression to identify CD21+/IgM+ marginal zone/marginal zone progenitor (MZ/MZP) B cells, CD21int/IgMdim follicular B cells, and CD21−/IgM− or CD21−/IgM+ atypical B cells. Among the CLL-like cells, the frequencies of follicular and marginal zone/marginal zone progenitor cells were reduced in Eµ-MTCP1 mice compared to wildtype littermates. Instead, atypical B cells lacking CD21 expression were substantially increased in diseased Eµ-MTCP1 mice. These CD19+/CD21− cells exhibited populations with varying degrees of IgM and IgD expression, pointing toward some heterogeneity within the bulk tumor population. Overall, the malignant cells of Eμ-MTCP1 mice showed a CD19+/CD5+/CD93−/B220dim phenotype with dim surface expression of IgM, IgD, and CD23, confirming a B1a cell phenotype. With respect to these surface markers, a similar trend between Eµ-TCL1 mice and wildtype littermates was observed.
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351,798 |
The main limitations of the AD field are poor standardization, limited comparability of results, and a degree of disconnect between study aims and clinical applications (de la Fuente Garcia et al., 2020). Our two methods are attempting to close some of these gaps.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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132,578 |
HJHS categorised by age, haemophilia type and joint are presented in table 3. Median (IQR) of HJHS in children were 0.0 (0.0; 0.0) in both HA and HB. In adults the total HJHS were higher than in children; the total HJHS is higher in HA than HB. At an individual joint level median (IQR) ankle HJHS of 4.0 (0.0; 8.0) were higher than for the knee 2.9 (4.1)/ 1.00 (0.0; 5.0) and elbow 3.3 (4.1)/ 1.0 (0.0; 7.0).
| 4 | 0biomedical
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66,821 |
Thermal decomposition of Fe(acac)3 within the ACF at 400 °C in Ar resulted in an XRD pattern with diffraction profiles at 2θ 30.3 (220), 35.4 (311), 43.4 (400), 53.8 (422), 57.5 (511) and 62.5 (440) (Figure 4B). Such pattern corresponds to the spinel structure of Fe3O4 or γ-Fe2O3. Mössbauer spectrum of the same sample (Figure 5B) distinguishes Fe3O4 from γ-Fe2O3, showing evidence of partially oxidized Fe3O4. This Mössbauer spectrum is fitted with three spectral components; two magnetic sextets (orange and green) and one paramagnetic quadrupole doublet (blue). The two sextets have isomer shifts of 0.67 and 0.38 mm·s−1, hyperfine fields 450 and 489 kOe and an intensity ratio of about 1:2, respectively. The first sextet is typical for Fe2.5+ sites in Fe3O4 whereas the second sextet is characteristic to Fe3+ in both Fe3O4 and γ-Fe2O3. The observed intensity ratio indicates a large excess of Fe3+ compared to pure Fe3O4, indicating the presence of a mixture of Fe3O4 and γ-Fe2O3. Indeed, the stoichiometry parameter xm = 0.2 (defined as xm = Fe2+/Fe3+) is characteristic of partially oxidized magnetite with nominal formula Fe2.8O4. Finally, the paramagnetic doublet is similar to that observed at 200 °C, and can be attributed to the ill-defined IO species mentioned above.Table 1 summarizes the composition of the iron species obtained after annealing of the Fe(acac)3/ACF at 400 °C, as follows: 65.2% Fe3O4 and 34.8% IIO. Recapping the XRD and Mössbauer data suggests that the nanoparticles obtained within the ACF are mainly composed of FCC Fe3O4 with a unit cell parameter of 8.37 Å.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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61,200 |
SABG staining was carried out according to a previously published protocol . Briefly, EP and SEN cells were fixed with a formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde buffer, and incubated with the X-gal staining solution overnight at 37°C. The cells were then washed with DPBS (Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline) and kept in the buffer during light microscopy imaging to prevent desiccation and deformation of cells.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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303,540 |
As mentioned above, 40 participants were enrolled whose UCB samples were collected during the time of their delivery (Table III). Quantitative Real-time PCR revealed no statistically significant differences at the transcriptional level between the VD, CS, and ART groups for Oct4B1 (p = 0.58), IGF2 (p = 0.96), MEST (p = 0.75), and PEG10 (p = 0.37) (Figure 1). PEG10 exhibited a non-significant trend for up regulation (p = 0.089) in the group of cephalic presentation CS compared to the VD group. Methylation-Specific PCR products were subjected to gel electrophoresis in order to validate the presence of both methylated and unmethylated alleles for IGF2, MEST, and PEG10 for all 40 samples (Figure 2). Methylation analysis was not possible for Oct4B1 due to the existence of alternative promoters for this isoform, incommoding primer design (16). Methylation status is in agreement with non-statistical differences in expression.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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378,190 |
293T cells and MEFs were maintained in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% penicillin–streptomycin–glutamine (PSQ). LR73 cells were maintained in alpha-MEM supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% PSQ. Peritoneal exudates were collected after injection of cold PBS into peritoneum and plated on non-culture dishes. 6 h after plating, floating cells were removed and attached cells were used as resident peritoneal macrophages. Peritoneal macrophages were maintained in RPMI medium supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% PSQ. Bone marrow cells were differentiated into BMDMs using RPMI medium containing 20% L929-conditioned medium, 10% FBS, and 1% PSQ. 293T cells, MEFs, and LR73 cells were transfected using Profection mammalian transfection system (Promega), Fugene HD (Promega), and Lipofectamin 2000 (Invitrogen), respectively, according to the manufacturer’s instructions. 293T cells were transfected with control siRNA (Dharmacon, ON-TARGETplus control siRNA, D-001810-01-20) or crbn siRNA (Dharmacon, ON-TARGETplus Human CRBN siRNA, L-021086-00-0005) using lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen). MEFs were transfected with Orai1 siRNA (Dharmacon, ON-TARGETplus Mouse Orai1 siRNA, L-056431-02-0005) or Orai2 siRNA (Dharmacon, ON-TARGETplus Mouse Orai2 siRNA, L-057985-01-0005) using Fugene HD transfection reagent (Promega, E2311).
| 4 | 0biomedical
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18,559 |
As recommended in this guideline, people at intermediate- or high-risk of foot ulceration should be instructed to obtain their footwear from an appropriately trained professional with demonstrated competencies in footwear fitting for people with diabetes. We have not defined ‘appropriately trained’ or ‘demonstrated competencies’, as that was beyond the scope of the current document. However, as a minimum, we suggest an appropriately trained professional should be able to show documented evidence of their training and competency, and should meet the standards of their profession when such standards are available. This way, other healthcare professionals may confidently inform people with diabetes where to obtain their footwear.
| 4 | 1clinical
| 1Other
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162,063 |
Despite of their biological differences, none of evaluated phenotypes showed significant differences between them throughout the different developmental stages emerged during microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis. Additionally, a high uniformity grade was observed both in the developmental stage of microspores and pollen grains contained in anthers, as well as among anthers coming from the same bud, which presented microspores and pollen grains in the same stage of development. In all phenotypes, MMCs entered in meiosis simultaneously. This synchronized development could be attributable to the presence of cytoplasmic connections between meiocytes, as it has been described in C. sativa (Heslop-Harrison, 1966; Mascarenhas, 1975). On the other hand, the present work also certifies the cytokinesis by furrowing already described in this species (Reed, 1914; McPhee, 1924), evidenced by the coexistence of different nuclei in the same cytoplasm after meiosis I and meiosis II, and the polygonal shape of the microspores enclosed by the callosic layer in tetrad stage. Size of mature pollen grains observed in this study was similar to the data published in other works (Punt and Malotaux, 1984; French and Moore, 1986; Shinwari et al., 2015; Halbritter, 2016), which indicates that the conditions tested in our experiments did not affect the size of mature pollen grains. With respect to the second pollen mitosis developed in this species, and in contrast with results published in other C. sativa related works (Asanova, 2002), this study demonstrates that it can occur before germination of the pollen tube, as it has been reported in other species such as Arabidopsis thaliana L. Heynh. or Zea mays L. (Ma, 2005).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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168,258 |
To summarize, cell senescence has deep impact on MSCs phenotype and function, from its cytoskeletal structure and secretory profile to its differentiation capacity, immunomodulatory potential, and niche-supporting functions. But how these changes influence TME and tumor development? We will analyze that in the next section.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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115,039 |
10.7554/eLife.20954.005Figure 2—figure supplement 2.LILBID-MS analysis of MSP1E3D1 nanodiscs assembled with lipids containing different chain length and saturation state.Pictograms illustrate the detected particles. The different laser intensities are indicated. (a) LILBID-MS spectra of nanodiscs containing the indicated lipids. (b) Corresponding size exclusion profiles of the nanodiscs on a Superdex 200 3.2/30 column with a flow rate of 0.050 µl/min. (c) Structures of the lipids used for nanodisc formation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.20954.005
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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18,922 |
Network meta-analysis was applied to evaluate the efficacy of 7 kinds of targeted drugs for AHCC treatment, namely, sorafenib, ramucirumab, everolimus, brivanib, tivantinib, sunitinib, and sorafenib + erlotinib, which have been widely discussed in HCC. Our results indicated that ramucirumab and sorafenib + erlotinib were superior targeted drugs for AHCC management in terms of short-term effects, and sorafenib + erlotinib exhibited better efficacy in the long term.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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245,954 |
Electrode trajectories were planned to the bilateral CMTN using a merged stereotactic CTA MP2RAGE MRI, MP2RAGE inversion images (Figure 3), and postcontrast MP‐RAGE MRI. Standard indirect coordinates were used and direct targeting methods using the imaging modalities described were also used, as previously reported. 8 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 Trajectories were planned to avoid sulci and ventricles as well as vascular structures. Stereotactic right frontal brain biopsy was also completed at this time, targeting for which was based on the location of signal abnormality on the T2‐weighted FLAIR MRI. Intraoperative CT scan was obtained following placement of each electrode and were registered with preoperative MP2RAGE to confirm location. Boston Scientific DBS electrode leads were used and the device was initially set to amplitude 4 µV, rate 143 Hz, pulse width 90 µsec, cycling off, delivered bilaterally from the deepest contact (contact 1). Lead‐DBS software 18 (https://www.lead‐dbs.org) was used to visualize placement in reference to thalamic nuclei defined by The Thalamus Atlas, 19 see Figure 3.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 3Clinical case
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58,354 |
Abundance of GDGT and GTGTs per cell in the core (A) and polar (B) fractions of batch cultures of P. torridus grown at different incubation temperatures. Relative abundance of individual GDGT lipids in the core (C) and polar (D) lipid fractions of log phase cells of P. torridus incubated at different temperatures. Calculated ring indices for log phase cultures of P. torridus grown at varying incubation temperatures (E). All cultures were grown in media with a pH of 0.7. Error bars in panels (A,B,E) represent the standard deviation of three replicate cultures.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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127,911 |
The performance of our best model, InceptionV3, was also evaluated by a confusion matrix (N = 400 images per group) as illustrated in Figure 4. In this experiment, three Amblyomma ticks were misidentified as Dermacentor, one Dermacentor tick was misidentified as Amblyomma, and two Ixodes ticks were misidentified as Amblyomma. Overall, out of 1200 tick images in the test set, only 6 samples were incorrectly identified.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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395,513 |
We present VPINN approximation results for the ground state and the ground state energy of the Schrödinger equation with harmonic oscillator potential V(x)=∥x∥2 using the dense network with the architecture depicted in Figure A1. We study the problem on the truncated domain [−3,3]n, where n is the dimension of the space. Neural network architecture should be constructed with caution. There are multiple sources of instability when dealing with neural networks, e.g., exploding and vanishing gradients. We experimented with a variety of different activation functions: ρS(x), ρLU(x/10)2, xρS(x), exp(−x2/10) etc. After training of the neural network using the quasi-Monte Carlo realization of the energy integrals to define the loss function we computed the approximate ground state energy using the approximation of the energy functional (Rayleigh quotient) using the Sobol sequences with 100,000 points. We also report on the results obtained using Smolyak grids of order 6 with the Gauss–Patterson rule. The results are presented in Table 1.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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217,855 |
RNA-seq libraries were constructed with SureSelect Strand-Specific RNA Library Prep for Illumina Multiplexed Sequencing according to the instructions provided by the manufacturer (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA). Total RNA of each sample in duplicates was used to prepare the libraries. The mean size of each library was determined on TapeStation 2200 (Agilent Technologies) with D1000 ScreenTape, and quantification was performed by RT-qPCR using Kapa Library Quantification Kit (Kapa Biosystems, Roche, Pleasanton, CA, USA). DNA libraries were pooled and sequenced on a HiSeq 2500 (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA) with 100 bp pair-ended reads in the SELA Facility Core of School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo. Sequencing generated an average of 51 million reads per sample. Quality control analysis was performed by FASTQC software . Raw reads were aligned to the hg38 through STAR software . Quantification of the gene expression data was performed using featureCounts software . Data normalization was performed with edgeR software using the trimmed mean method. Expression levels were calculated using two methods: reads per kilobase per million (RPKM) and counts per million . Differential expression analysis was performed using the limma framework . Differentially expressed genes (DEGs; genes differentially expressed in LOXL3-knockdown U87MG cells compared with control NTC cells) were analyzed with WebGestalt (Web-Based Gene Set Analysis Toolkit), using Over-Representation Analysis and the Gene Ontology (GO) functional database . RPKM data of the four samples and those of the differential expression analysis are presented in the Supplementary Material. Additionally, an enrichment map of GO terms was analyzed using the STRING plugin in Cytoscape software . Functional analyses of altered genes related to processes were also performed. RPKM values were transformed to z-scores for heatmap visualization.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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314,634 |
For those that underwent coronary CTA/FFRCT, 71.2% of patients received metoprolol before the scan, with an average oral dose of 106 ± 57 mg reaching an HR during the scan of 59 ± 7 bpm (Table 2). Sublingual nitroglycerin was administered in all but one patient. The use of beta-blockers and sublingual nitroglycerin was not reported in nine and ten patients, respectively. Mean radiation doses for prospective and retrospective acquisitions were 4.8 mSv and 10.9 mSv, respectively.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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164,874 |
Importantly, model comparisons, either by comparison of shared contributors or by cross-predictability analysis, are somewhat impeded by technical variation between studies, and specifically by differences in the microbiome profiling technology used (16S rRNA gene vs. WGSS). Indeed, dataset pairs that used the same metagenomic technology have a significantly higher number of shared features in comparison with dataset pairs that used different technologies (29.6 vs. 22.3 on average; Mann-Whitney P value < 0.0001), which in turn affects the number of shared significant contributors (1.4 vs. 0.6, P value < 0.0001). Yet, we did find examples where despite a large overlap in available features, models still markedly differed in the set of detected significant contributors, as was the case, for example, for l-tyrosine and cholic acid and when comparing the models obtained for the datasets YACHIDA_CRC_HEALTHY (YA) vs FRANZOSA_IBD_HEALTHY (FR) (Fig. 4D, Additional file 3: Figure S4D).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
313,868 |
Similarly, marker alleles that showed significant differences (p < 0.1) in the univariate analysis (Table 3) were included in the multivariate analysis. Based on the OR, marker allele (rs1130866_T of the SFTPB and rs721917_T of the SFTPD), as well as male sex and smoking appear to be associated with decreased risk of HP (Table 4).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
302,898 |
For LXR/RXR agonist treatments, we cultured iMAEC in 48-well plates in basal conditions until cells reached 70–80% confluency. We rinsed iMAEC with PBS and refed cells with standard growth medium that contained either vehicle only, the LXR agonist 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol and RXR agonist 9-cis-retinoic acid (both at 10 μM final concentration), or the LXR agonist GW3965 and RXR agonist SR11237 (both at 10 μM final concentration), for 24 h. After LXR/RXR agonist and vehicle treatments, we rinsed iMAEC with PBS, and loaded cells with [3H]cholesterol (1 μCi/mL) diluted in high-glucose DMEM supplemented with 1% penicillin/streptomycin and 2 mg/mL of fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin. Twenty-four hours later, we rinsed iMAEC with PBS and refed cells with high-glucose DMEM supplemented with 1% penicillin/streptomycin and 2 mg/mL of fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin, either with or without apoAI (5 μg/mL; Academy Bio-Medical Company, Houston, TX, USA), for 24 hours, and collected medium and cells to be used for measuring apoAI-mediated cholesterol efflux. The 293-Cre technical control groups were treated in the same conditions as the vehicle and LXR/RXR agonist treated iMAEC by receiving the same volume of medium and the same concentration of [3H]cholesterol and apoAI. Medium from all cells used in our cholesterol efflux experiments was collected and then filtered via centrifuging the medium in filtration plates (2500× g for 10 min) to remove any detached cells floating in the medium. We rinsed [3H]cholesterol-loaded cells with PBS and lysed these cells by adding 250 μL of NaOH (200 mM) to each well and freeze-thawed the plates. The [3H] in the cellular extracts and medium samples were measured by using a liquid scintillation counter (LS 6500; Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA, USA). ApoAI-mediated cholesterol efflux was calculated by dividing [3H] in the medium by total [3H] (medium + cells), after subtracting background cholesterol efflux in cells not incubated with the cholesterol acceptor apoAI .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
161,424 |
Clinical photographs. a fresh socket; b cortico-cancellous porcine and filled socket; c collagen sheet covering secured with silk sutures; d site healing at 3 months; e implant placement into healed site; f healed site; g cone beam computed tomography 3 years after implant placement and h after 10 years from first surgery1
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
354,893 |
The W@W-App+MetaWearC showed strong to very strong correlations with activPAL3M-determined activity variables. CCCs identified substantial agreement between the two measures for sitting (CCC=0.98, 95% CI 0.96-0.99), moderate agreement for standing (CCC=0.93, 95% CI 0.81-0.97), and poor agreement for stepping (CCC=0.74, 95% CI 0.47-0.88). The correlation coefficients, CCC values, and associated 95% CI are shown in Table 2.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
358,846 |
This study describes the genomic landscape of the UAE mitochondrial genome and the distribution of haplogroups in different geographic regions in the UAE. The analyzed mitogenomes from 232 female students of UAE University, aged 18–24 years, highlights the high resolution of 15 different haplogroups that share ancestry with Africa, East Asia, and the Near East. Furthermore, it elucidates migration routes to the UAE. The low diversity and population differentiation highlight that the low movement between cities. The Demographic history highlights a bottleneck event that coincides with European contact 1400 ybp. In conclusion, this study also provides a matrilineal history of the UAE and will serve as an asset for genetic counseling, forensic science, and anthropology among other fields.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
70,433 |
In each case at presentation, the CNVM was surrounded with subretinal hemorrhage, exudates, and subfoveal fluid resulting in decreased vision. After a series of 3 intravitreal bevacizumab injections, on average, the hemorrhage, subfoveal fluid, and exudates were resolved and the entire lesion was well-defined clinically and on FA. This allowed for direct and precise treatment of the CNVM with thermal laser. Since the total area of the CNVM was smaller after the bevacizumab injections, the total area of retina requiring treatment was also much smaller compared to the initial presentation, limiting excess thermal damage to the neurosensory retina. The use of bevacizumab or laser photocoagulation alone has also been associated with recurrence of subretinal fluid. Therefore, a single injection of bevacizumab was given following thermal laser to limit potential upregulation of VEGF and regrowth of CNVM due to photocoagulation.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
214,005 |
If applicable, we recommend that you deposit your laboratory protocols in protocols.io to enhance the reproducibility of your results. Protocols.io assigns your protocol its own identifier (DOI) so that it can be cited independently in the future. For instructions see: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/s/submission-guidelines#loc-laboratory-protocols. Additionally, PLOS ONE offers an option for publishing peer-reviewed Lab Protocol articles, which describe protocols hosted on protocols.io. Read more information on sharing protocols at https://plos.org/protocols?utm_medium=editorial-email&utm_source=authorletters&utm_campaign=protocols.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
135,997 |
Here, using cardiac-specific knockout mice, we demonstrated that CGI-58 deficiency has a crucial role in regulating cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction mainly by increasing lipid accumulation, ER stress, ROS generation, and impairing mitochondrial function. Importantly, inhibition of ER stress ameliorated HFD-induced cardiac dysfunction and hypertrophic remodeling accompanied by improved mitochondrial dysfunction. Overall, these results suggest that CGI-58 is necessary for maintaining cardiac function and is a potential therapeutic target for cardiac steatosis and HF. These data are summarized in Fig. 8.Fig. 8A working model for CGI-58 to regulate cardiac function.Under normal condition, CGI-58 binds and activates ATGL to promote lipolysis, which then provides energy to the heart. Conversely, CGI-58 knockout inhibits lipolysis and increases lipid accumulation in ER, which results in activation of ER stress and excessive ROS production thereby leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and heart failure. Blocking ER stress reverses mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS production, and cardiac dysfunction.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
68,294 |
The oxidoreductase synthase-like (LmxM.19.1450/ EC 1.14.13.39) was identified and appeared up-regulated in La-arg- promastigotes when compared with La-WT promastigotes and in La-WT axenic amastigotes when compared with La-WT promastigotes, with fold-change 1.38 and 1.26, respectively. In silico search revealed the presence of the following oxidoreductase family domains: ferredoxin reductase (FNR)-like and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) binding (Fig 1). In addition, previous data with metabolome fingerprints identified metabolic products such as NO and citrulline which could be produced by the enzyme (EC 1.14.13.39) .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
168,526 |
A. E. limosum was grown at 37°C in 500 ml of CBBM with overpressure of 1 bar H2 + CO2 (80/20% [v/v]). H2 + CO2 () was determined by gas chromatography as described previously (Bertsch and Müller, 2015). OD600 (●), pH () as well as acetate (), butyrate () and isobutyrate () were determined as described in the legend to Fig. 2.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
207,940 |
There is evidence that both COVID-19 and SAH result in endotheliopathy and the release of ULvWF, microthrombosis, and ischemia. Targeting this pathway with drugs such as GPIb antagonists and intravenous NAC or restoring the hemostatic balance using infusions of rADAMTS13 represent promising targets for both diseases.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
373,607 |
According to IEC 61000-4-30, two possible classes are defined for measuring instruments: named A and S (corresponding to class I and II of IEC 61000-4-7, respectively). Class A is used when precise measurements are required (for example, in the case of billing applications that may require the resolution of disputes, detection of possible fraud, attribution of economical penalties for exceeding the standard limits, etc.) and class S is used for statistical applications (such as investigations of the origin of power quality disturbances, even with a limited subset of parameters PQ). For both classes, the base time interval (t.i.) for many measurements (voltage and current rms, harmonics, interharmonics, and unbalance) is 10/12 cycles for 50/60 Hz systems (i.e., 200 ms in the 50 Hz case). The 10/12 cycle values are then aggregated over three additional time intervals: 150/180 cycles, 10 min, and two hours.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
176,538 |
In Fig. 3, we observed a statistically different (p≤0.05%) NK cell production between the HF and HFHSN groups than the control and HSN groups. The producer of humoral antibody (IgG) is B cell due to the role of Th-2, which produces IL-4 as an activator of B cells to produce antibodies. In Fig. 3, Th-2, HSN, and HFHSN significantly led to the proliferation of Th-2 groups.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
138,536 |
The characteristics of the environmental factors, including the plant diversity and soil characteristics, are summarized in Table 1, Table A2 and Table A3. The Shannon–Wiener index of the plants was significantly lower OT site than inside it and was highest at the US site, with no significant difference between the US and MS sites (p > 0.05). BS sites were mainly distributed with herbs and a few shrubs; MS mainly distributed wit shrubs dominated by Myrsine africana Linn and Debregeasia orientalis Chen, C.J.; and US were mainly distributed with arbor dominated by Cyclobalanopsis glauca (Thunb) Oerst and Keteleeria evelyniana Mast. The OT sites were mainly distributed with shrub dominated by Myrsine africana Linn and Viburnum propinquum Regarding the soil samples from the different slope sites, the SWC was significantly higher at the US site (p < 0.05). The SOC and TN varied little among slope positions inside the tiankeng sites but were significantly lower in OT site. The TP at the BS site was 0.64 g/kg greater than that at the MS and US sites, with no significant difference between the MS and US sites. The TK was higher at the BS site than other sites. The soil pH ranged from 6.30 to 6.79, with no significant difference between the BS and MS sites.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
274,136 |
Using both assays, hits are molecules that do one of the following: Cleave a dioxetane unproductively, by electron donation .React covalently with the triplet carbonyl .Accelerate the triplet state’s intersystem crossing to the singlet, via partial charge transfer .Block Dexter electron exchange, by electron donation that occupies the ground-state exchange site (see Section 4.6.2).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
125,804 |
HEShydroxyethyl starchAKIacute kidney injuryOLTorthotopic liver transplantGELgelatinScrserum creatinineKDIGOkidney disease improving global outcomesRRTrenal replacement therapySDstandard deviationIQRinterquartile rangeORodds ratioCIconfidence intervalHBhemoglobinMELDmodel for end-stage liver disease
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
220,696 |
The findings of this paper are expected to provide useful information for hospital managers in developing policies. It reminds us of the importance of a hospital’s website disclosures, and what these messages can infer about the financial status of the hospital. It also highlights the need for reconciliation and harmony among quantitative data, financial statements, and qualitative data, as shown in the CEO’s message.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
389,231 |
This experiment was designed to explore the neural mechanism related to ketamine addiction. Studies have found that ketamine abuse can lead to increased apoptosis of neurons in the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, hippocampus, among other regions, affecting cognitive function (1). Given that ketamine addiction can produce behaviors similar to schizophrenia, it has been suggested that ketamine addiction can be used as an experimental model of schizophrenia. Therefore, we assessed for differences in hippocampal and serum BDNF levels simultaneously to further elucidate the potential relationship between BDNF and ketamine-induced learning-memory dysfunction.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
197,611 |
For each potential biomarker identified, a secondary search was needed to retrieve relevant information to assess its plausibility. If a potential BFVI met one or more of the following criteria, it was considered a candidate biomarker : (1) the metabolite has high specificity for the targeted food or food group, (2) the compound is highly characteristic of the food investigated (e.g., abundant in the targeted food compared with other foods), and (3) the marker is not fully specific but could be used in a multimarker approach. The search was conducted with (“the name and synonyms of the compound” OR “the name and synonyms of any parent compound”) AND (biomarker* OR marker* OR metabolite* OR biokinetics OR biotransformation OR bioavailability OR ADME OR metabolom*). In this step, Google Scholar was also used as a search platform, in addition to the above three databases. Additionally, the compounds were searched manually in the online databases HMDB (https://hmdb.ca/, accessed on 15 March 2021), Phenol-Explorer 3.6 (http://phenol-explorer.eu/, accessed on 15 March 2021), and PubChem (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/, accessed on 15 March 2021) to determine all the possible dietary or metabolic origins of the candidate BFVI.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
55,442 |
Lysates from Chlamydia pulsed and nonpulsed WT, IL10−/− and ENO1 knockdown DCs were prepared by homogenization in lysis buffer supplemented with 1 mmol/L phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and protease inhibitor cocktail. 20 μg protein of Chlamydia pulsed and nonpulsed WT, IL10−/− and ENO1 knockdown DCs lysates were loaded onto 4–20% TGX gradient gel (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) and run for 1 h. Proteins were then transferred onto nitrocellulose paper (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA). After 1 h, the blots were washed, blocked with 5% milk, and then incubated with desired primary monoclonal antibody against ENO1 raised in rabbit (Abcam, Cambridge, MA), overnight at 4 °C. Goat anti-rabbit Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibodies (Southern Biotech, Birmingham Al) were added for 1 h at room temperature, and then the blots were developed using Clarity Western enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) substrate (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA). Viewing and quantification was analyzed using ImageQuant LAS 4000 (GE Healthcare, Pittsburgh, PA). The experiment was repeated three times.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
393,812 |
Most flies appeared to be Smurfs on the day they are found dead or 1 day before death. Of the D. melanogaster that became a Smurf, a majority of them did so on the day of their death or one day before. Bars are simultaneous 95% confidence intervals. Dye 1: SPS Alfachem Blue, Dye 2: Sigma Aldrich, Dye 3: Spectrum Blue, Dye 4: Flavors and Color Blue, Dye 5: Chemistry Connection Blue, and Dye 6: Electric Blue.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
174,941 |
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) occurs when blood clots form throughout the body in small blood vessels, which can lead to life-threatening organ damage. Paradoxically, DIC can be accompanied by life-threatening bleeding, as the significant amount of clotting diminishes the circulating platelets and coagulation factors. DIC is typically caused by sepsis (30–50% of patients) as well as trauma and major surgery (45% of patients), but also arises from organ destruction, malignancy, and complications of pregnancy (104). Treating DIC remains exceptionally difficult and usually focuses on treating the underlying cause. While it is clear that there is a link between inflammation and coagulation, with extensive cross talk between these systems, much remains to be learned about the influence of the microvasculature and the biophysics of DIC. For example, while it is well established that mononuclear cells can express tissue factor, which leads to platelet activation and fibrin formation, little is known about how the microvascular microenvironment influences this process (Table 1). Separately, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections involve a coagulopathy that bears a significant resemblance to DIC, specifically microvascular thrombosis. However, there are some notable differences, such as a higher platelet count, higher coagulation factor levels, and only a mild drop in plasma levels of physiological anticoagulants in COVID-19. Unlike DIC, the coagulopathy is mostly prothrombotic, with fewer bleeding complications (105). Similar to DIC, in vitro microvasculature studies could play a key role in helping to elucidate the most significant factors creating disseminated clotting and may even find use as a therapeutic testing platform.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
335,368 |
Despite these differences, the current research demonstrates that children from diverse cultural settings and economic circumstances can independently invent the same 12 tool using behaviours observed in wild great ape populations. This supports the notion that humans and other great ape species may share similar underlying physical cognitive capacities that allow for flexible tool use invention . These may establish in children at 2–3 years of age and be individually inventible even in the absence of direct social influences like teaching and observation. Being able to recognize and use tools to solve problems is a highly adaptive skill, enabling access to a greater range of food sources and foraging opportunities than would otherwise be available. It is likely that these tool invention capacities already existed within the last common ancestor of all great apes, some 14 Ma . This would suggest the existence of an (unobservable) organic tool age that preceded the stone age observed within primate technological history.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
205,868 |
Overall 10 themes emerged and include: difficulties scheduling dental appointments, the high cost of dental care and insurance difficulties, lack of oral health information and a lack of available oral hygiene products. Food insecurity and poor nutrition, transportation difficulties, unhelpful parental or family members’ behaviours, children’s behaviours, fear, and a distrust of dentists were also highlighted.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
218,093 |
Thank you very much for re-submitting your manuscript "Clinical interventions for adults with comorbid alcohol use and depressive disorders: A systematic review and network meta-analysis" (PMEDICINE-D-19-03407R2) for consideration at PLOS Medicine. We do apologize for the long delay in sending you a decision.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
361,320 |
Independent signaling pathway enrichment analysis using all genes differentially expressed between the E14.5 NICD and wild-type datasets also revealed the Notch pathway as one of those most affected by NICD overexpression (Fig. 6A). In addition, we found significant upregulation of the EGFR pathway, which is known to promote the proliferation of mTEC precursors (Satoh et al., 2016), and of several collagen genes (annotated as ‘Inflammatory Response Pathway’), suggesting that Notch signaling may play a role in endowing proliferative capacity on nascent mTECs and in regulating TEPC differentiation by modifying extracellular matrix (Baghdadi et al., 2018). Neither Foxn1 nor Plet1 expression was significantly affected by loss of Rbpj (Tables S5 and S6, Figs S8 and S9). The bHLH transcription factor Ascl1 was downregulated in Rbpj cKO TECs, and was also highly enriched in mTECs in wild-type mice, with strong upregulation occurring co-temporally with medullary expansion at E14.5 (Figs S8, S9 and S10A). This suggested that ASCL1 might act downstream of Notch in mTEC lineage regulation. However, no differences in thymic size, organization or cellularity were detected in Ascl1−/− thymi (Guillemot et al., 1993) at E17.5 (Fig. S10B), apparently ruling out this hypothesis. Fig. 6.Transcriptome analysis of Notch loss- and gain-of-function mutants. (A) Pathway analysis of the E14.5 NICD and E14.5 controls identified three signaling pathways as enriched (FDR≤0.25) in E14.5 NICD versus E14.5 control thymi (top). GSEA enrichment plot for the Notch signaling pathway (bottom left). Leading edge subset genes contributing to the enrichment for Notch signaling pathway (bottom right). (B) PCA of Rbpj cKO, wild-type and NICD TECs at the ages shown (500 most variable genes). Group 1, E14.5 NICD samples; group 2, E14.5 PLET1+ and PLET1− Rbpj cKO and controls; and group 3, E12.5 Rbpj cKO and controls. (C) Heatmap of lineage-specific genes among all groups of samples shown in the PCA above. Colors at the top and bottom of the heatmap indicate clustering of samples per group, while side colors indicate groups of genes regulated similarly across all conditions. Groups: E12.5 wild type, brown; E12.5 Rbpj cKO, orange; E14.5 wild-type PLET1+, dark blue; E14.5 wild-type PLET1−, light gray; E14.5 Rbpj cKO PLET1+, light blue; E14.5 Rbpj cKO PLET1−, dark gray; W, wild type; L, loss of function (Rbpj cKO); G, gain of function (NICD). (D) RT-qPCR analysis of sorted cTECs and mTECs from E17.5 wild-type and iFoxn1 thymi for the genes shown. Data are mean±s.d. (E) Genomic locus of Rbpj showing Foxn1 peaks identified by Zuklys et al. (2016). (A-C) To obtain the E12.5 and E14.5 cKO and wild-type samples, thymi were microdissected from E12.5 and E14.5 embryos generated from a Foxn1Cre;RbpjFL/+×RbpjFL/FL cross and TECs were obtained by flow cytometric cell sorting. Following genotyping, cells from three cKO and three control samples were processed for sequencing. The E12.5 and E14.5 samples were each obtained from two separate litters, on two separate days for each timepoint. To obtain the E14.5 NICD samples, thymi were microdissected from five E14.5 Foxn1Cre; R26LSL-NICD-EGFP embryos of the same litter, TECs were obtained by flow cytometric cell sorting and the samples processed for sequencing. (D) n=3, where each n represents TECs sorted from pooled embryos from a single litter of E17.5 iFoxn1 or wild-type embryos.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
18,103 |
Importantly, Experiment 1 shows clearly that the affective factors, arousal and valence, relate to visual complexity ratings independent of the computational measures, where the effect of arousal is much more pronounced, i.e., explains substantially more unique variance. Mechanisms regarding how emotional arousal might enhance not only perception and related experienced vividness (Todd et al., 2012), but also perceived complexity, will be discussed in the general discussion. Nonetheless, as arousal was more strongly related to this bias in ratings of visual complexity than valence; thus, hereafter we will refer to this effect as the ‘arousal-complexity bias.’
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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258,996 |
Bacterial cultures (1-mL aliquots) were added to 20 mL of P. globosa cultures in the axenic logarithmic growth phase. Algal culture growth was monitored by measuring chlorophyll autofluorescence at an excitation wavelength of 440 nm and an emission wavelength of 680 nm. The algicidal activity was calculated using the following equation. algicidal activity(%)=(1 − Ft/F0) × 100
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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166,538 |
The IELT has been assessed by different researchers with conflicting results. In a large study by Waldinger et al. , the IELT was assessed across five countries with an overall median (IQR) value of 5.4 (0.55–44.1) min. A variation between countries was found with the median (IQR) value for Turkey being 3.7 (0.9–30.4), Spain 5.8 (2.3–15.3), Netherlands 5.1 (0.5–33), UK 7.6 (1.7–42.3), and USA 7 (0.7–44.1) min, respectively. These data are comparable to the present study where the median (IQR) IELT-a of the total study population was 5 (3–13.5) min by self-report.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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355,565 |
Our result, showing that TTLL4 overexpression mainly increases tubulin polyglutamylation has been also shown by Van Dijk et al. in in HeLa cells and led us to analyze potential effects of this PTM on MT functions. Since MT-PTMs can function as “traffic lights” for intracellular transport (reviewed in 34,35), we analyzed a potential effect of TTLL4 overexpression on vesicle trafficking. The results of these analyses showed enhanced mobility of secretory vesicles and late Rab7-specific endosomes/MVBs (Fig. 3a, c). In contrast, no effect on velocity of early Rab5-specific endosomes was observed in TTLL4plus cells (Fig. 3b).
| 4 | 0biomedical
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69,499 |
Results of corresponding analyses for historical exposure are reported in Tables 6 and 7. Exposure to agricultural land considered as a dichotomous variable had a near null relation (OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.83-1.32), also seen in the area-specific analysis for Sicily but not for Emilia-Romagna (Table 6). Exposure to orchards was moderately associated with an excess risk in the overall study population, entirely due to citrus orchards in Sicily (OR 1.40, 95% CI 0.84-2.32 in dichotomous analysis). Exposure to vegetables crops in Emilia-Romagna region was associated with a statistically unstable excess risk, based on 5 exposed subjects only, and this was also true for exposure to olive groves in Sicily, based on 8 exposed subjects. Results were substantially confirmed in the analysis based on 20% continuous increase in exposure. In tertile-specific analyses (Table 7), there was substantially no evidence of dose-response relations both in the entire study population and in area-specific analyses, and the excess risk found in Sicily for citrus orchards and for olive groves was entirely confined to the highest tertile of exposure, based on 33 and 4 exposed subjects, respectively. These results did not change substantially when we limited the analyses to subjects who had been residing at the same address since 1979 (for Emilia-Romagna) or 1989 (for Sicily) until the date of diagnosis (for cases) or the corresponding calendar year (for matched controls).Table 6Odds ratios (OR) of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis associated with historical proximity to any agricultural land or specific crop type within 100 m from residence (A), and with 20% increase of crop type (B)a CasesControlsTotal (N = 2235)CasesControlsEmilia-Romagna (N = 1363)CasesControlsSicily (N = 872)CropsExp/UnexpExp/UnexpOR(95% CI)Exp/UnexpExp/UnexpOR(95% CI)Exp/UnexpExp/UnexpOR(95% CI)(A) Total agricultural land258/271772/9341.05(0.83, 1.32)224/119661/3591.02(0.77, 1.33)34/152111/5751.15(0.75, 1.77) Vineyards28/501122/15840.64(0.41, 0.99)28/315121/8990.64(0.41, 0.99)0/1861/685- All Orchards40/489124/15821.06(0.72, 1.55)16/32755/9650.82(0.46, 1.47)24/16269/6171.31(0.79, 2.18) Orchards (not citrus)16/51359/16470.77(0.43, 1.38)16/32755/9650.82(0.46, 1.47)0/1864/682- Citrus orchards24/16265/6211.40(0.84, 2.32) Arable and Veg. crops213/316627/10791.04(0.80, 1.35)213/130613/4071.11(0.85, 1.44)0/18614/672- Arable crops211/132611/4091.08(0.83, 1.41) Vegetables crops2/3413/10172.67(0.45, 15.96) Olive groves3/1835/6812.23(0.53, 9.35)(B) Total agricultural land1.05(0.98, 1.12)1.02(0.94, 1.10)1.18(1.02, 1.36) Vineyards0.85(0.60, 1.20)0.86(0.60, 1.23)- All Orchards1.13(0.96, 1.34)0.91(0.60, 1.37)1.20(1.00, 1.44) Orchards (not citrus)0.91(0.60, 1.37)- Citrus orchards1.23(1.02, 1.48) Arable and Veg. crops1.03(0.95, 1.12)1.04(0.95, 1.13)- Arable crops1.03(0.94, 1.12) Vegetables crops- Olive grovesToo high aResults for dichotomous analysis expressed as crude OR for matched sets, and for continuous analysis using a conditional logistic regression model. Some estimates could not be computed because of too few exposed subjects Table 7Odds ratios (OR) of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis for historical proximity to agricultural fields in tertiles of current exposurea TotalEmilia-RomagnaSicliyIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIITotal agricultural land Cut off (%)<28.128.1-77.8>77.8<30.830.8-78.478.4<11.211.2-74.7>74.7 Cases/Controls339/119298/25792/257190/58078/22075/220156/61215/3715/37 OR (95% CI)1.001.27(0.96, 1.69)1.20(0.91, 1.60)1.001.09(0.80, 1.50)1.04(0.76, 1.42)1.001.51(0.81, 2.82)1.60(0.86, 2.99)Vineyards Cut off (%)<12.412.4-25.1>25.1<12.412.4-24.0>24.0<0.10.1-99.9>99.9 Cases/Controls507/162512/4110/40321/94011/4011/40186/6850/10/0 OR (95% CI)1.000.79(0.40, 1.55)0.77(0.38, 1.56)1.000.76(0.38, 1.54)0.81(0.41, 1.61)-All Orchards Cut off (%)<8.28.2-41.0>41.0<5.45.4-32.5>32.5<13.713.7-63.5>63.5 Cases/Controls499/162414/4116/41332/9858/173/18168/6406/2312/23 OR (95% CI)1.001.00(0.54, 1.88)1.41(0.78, 2.53)1.001.16(0.49, 2.74)0.501.000.91(0.36, 2.30)1.99(0.97, 4.07)Orchards (not citrus) Cut off (%)>6.86.8-36.6>36.6<6.86.8-34.8>34.8<13.713.7-99.9>99.9 Cases/Controls518/16678/203/19332/9858/173/18186/6840/20/0 OR (95% CI)1.001.01(0.44, 2.34)0.49(0.14, 1.67)1.001.16(0.49, 2.74)0.50(0.15, 1.74)-Citrus orchards Cut off (%)<14.614.6-63.5>63.5 Cases/Controls168/6436/2212/21 OR (95% CI)1.000.94(0.37, 2.39)2.19(1.05, 4.54)Arable and Veg. crops Cut off (%)<25.725.7-65.7>65.7<27.327.3-65.9>65.9<7.17.1-24.6>24.6 Cases/Controls381/128867/21081/208196/61366/20381/204186/6770/50/4 OR (95% CI)1.000.99(0.72, 1.37)1.21(0.88, 1.66)1.001.03(0.74, 1.42)1.26(0.92, 1.76)-Arable crops Cut off (%)<27.327.3-65.9>65.9 Cases/Controls196/61466/20381/203 OR (95% CI)1.001.03(0.74, 1.42)1.27(0.92, 1.74)Vegetables crops Cut off (%)<11.211.2-23.3>23.3 Cases/Controls342/10181/10/1 OR (95% CI)1.004.01(0.25, 64.11)-Olive groves Cut off (%)<8.58.5-18.6>18.6 Cases/Controls183/6830/23/1 OR (95% CI)1.00 - 12.01(1.25, 115.45) aTertile cutpoints based on exposure of subjects having proximity to crops >0, with subjects having exposure = 0 included in the bottom tertile. OR computed using a conditional logistic regression model. Some estimates could not be computed because of too few exposed subjects
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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367,987 |
The prediction of the model is nonlinear, however, its output at a given sample when compared to its ground truth is linear. Therefore, fitting a linear regression model between the predicted result and the observed one and providing an r-squared value could be a good indicator for understanding the model strength. Fig 10C shows the relation between the confirmed and predicted cases after fitting it to a linear model. It also shows the r-squared value, the root of the MSE metrics (RMSE) and the MSLE for a linear regression fitted model on the predicted and actual values of our single-step model. The computed metrics show a high linear association among them.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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268,691 |
A RIPA lysis buffer was used to extract protein content from collected samples, and the protein was resolved by 10% SDS‐PAGE electrophoresis, transferred onto polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes and blocked with 5% skim milk before the PVDF membranes were probed with anti‐NST and anti‐MLN primary antibodies and HRP‐labelled secondary antibodies (Abcam) in accordance with the recommended incubation conditions shown in the manual of antibody manufacturer. Then, after colour development by using an enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) assay kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific) in accordance with the recommended assay protocol shown in the manufacturer manual, the protein band images were analysed by utilizing ImageJ software to calculate the relative protein expression of NST and MLN in each sample.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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111,765 |
(A) MCF-7 (B) MDAMB-231cells were treated with BME (2%, v/v) at indicated time points. Cell lysates were analyzed by Western blot for LC3B (16 KDa and 14 KDa) expression using specific antibody. The blot was reprobed with an antibody to actin (43 KDa) for comparison of protein load. Densitometry analyses was performed using Image J software and shown on the right. Data are represented as mean ± SD from three different experiments. Small bar indicates standard error (**, p<0.01, ***, p<0.001). (C) MCF-7 and (D) MDAMB-231 cells were treated with BME for 24 h, fixed, and permeabilized before viewing by confocal microscopy. Bar chart represents the quantitation of autophagic cells with LC3B puncta. Data are represented as mean ± SD. Small bar indicates standard error (***, p<0.001).
| 4 | 0biomedical
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197,241 |
Next we discuss results obtained by TCN. In this experiment, we consider the same supervised learning settings for the input and the target data, i.e., the i-th input data sequence is {xτ(i)}τ=1whist and the i-th target data sequence is {yτ(i)}τ=1whist, where yτ = xτ+1 and consider the same loss function, the MSE.
| 1 | 2other
| 0Study
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305,286 |
We hypothesize that among the internal variability, the IPO may contribute substantially to the uncertainty of El Niño-like warming pattern in the future, which induces uncertainty in the CA precipitation change through atmospheric teleconnection. To test this hypothesis, we investigate the intermember regression of SST change onto the El Niño-like warming index (Fig. 4e). The regressed SST exhibits a pattern remarkably similar to that of the positive IPO phase, indicating a close relationship between the IPO change and the El Niño-like pattern29. The correlation coefficient between the IPO change and the El Niño-like warming pattern is 0.79 based on the 50 members of CanESM2, statistically significant at the 99% confidence level (Fig. 4f). Hence the IPO explains ~62% of the internally-induced uncertainty of the El Niño-like warming pattern based on CanESM2. The other two large ensembles based on CESM1 and MPI-ESM show consistent results supporting our hypothesis (Supplementary Fig. 12). As an internal climate mode, the IPO changes are symmetric about zero, averaging to nearly no change (see Methods), while the El Niño-like warming pattern has components of internal variability and the model response to external forcing, with the latter tending to be positive in CESM1 and CanESM2 and negative in MPI-ESM (Fig. 4f, Supplementary Fig. 12c, d). These results confirm the important contribution of the IPO to the uncertainty of the future change in El Niño-like warming pattern.
| 1 | 2other
| 0Study
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97,411 |
Challenges and recommendations to improve intervention dissemination and implementation are well documented [31, 34, 51]. What is less well established is how researchers should apply this knowledge pragmatically to improve the implementation of physical activity interventions in real-world settings. The PRACTIS guide addresses this gap and demonstrates how to map features of the implementation setting, identify and engage important stakeholders, and anticipate and address potential barriers and facilitators to effective implementation and scale up.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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381,098 |
The first thing that was challenged was the fact that the proposal was based, as we have already stated, on scant empirical information, which meant there was no point in validating it inasmuch as it had not been properly verified (1). Indeed, it was a valid criticism insofar that many clinicians believed they had found an explanatory panacea for the somatic symptoms, which led to the misinterpretation of their own particular clinical experiences as a corroboration of the construct’s validity when, in reality, what was happening was that they appeared to be fitting them subjectively to a pre-established model that had never been verified (26). Yet the second great reticence caused by the model of alexithymia was that it led to the commission of a serious mistake in interpretation: many researchers assumed the existence of a specific and consolidated relationship between alexithymia and the whole known raft of classic psychosomatic symptoms, when the truth is that the construct had been defined, rather than as a cause, as a factor of risk. Alexithymia thus heightened the patient’s vulnerability toward psychosomatic disorders, but the efficient variables that prompted were others linked to the management of emotions, such as badly resolved situations of grief, poverty, and abandon, for example (2). In view of this, the most critical views estimated that the so-called “alexithymic characteristics” could be explained more effectively through directly observable factors, such as socioeconomic status or other variables of a situational nature, such as adverse life events, which prompted the patient to adopt systemized defensive strategies of resistance, negotiation, and negation, which again opened the door to a psychodynamic interpretation of the problem (27). This is the context that gave rise to new and popular psychoanalytical reviews of the construct, such as the one proposed by the New Zealander Joyce McDougall (1920–2011), who coined the phrase “emotionally deaf and dumb” to refer to patients suffering from alexithymia. McDougall, who chose to elude the intrapsychic conflict to concentrate on the problem of symbolic linguistic representation, linked alexithymia, and psychosis when finding that a psychotic and alexithymic patient treated language in a similar, but opposite way, which possibly means that both their pathological manifestations had a common origin. She thus explained that the psychotic patient tries to make up for their psycho-emotional deficits through the delirious use of words in order to overcome their anxiety, while the alexithymic patient tackled their anxiety by emptying their words of emotional meanings, which induced the psychosomatic disorder. This explained, in her view, why the psychotic patient expressed their delirium in a mental order, while the alexithymic one expressed their delirium in a physiological way (28).
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
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36,359 |
Before introducing the panel, the subject received 54 training trials with the copy signal plus the respective behavior signal (24 trials DA, 24 trials GT and 6 trials SQ). From the fifth session onward, the signals associated with specific behaviors were gradually removed until the 10th session when only the copy signal was used. From then onwards, two more sessions were run using just the copy signal for these three trained behaviors that were randomly presented. The criterion required to reach a correct performance, (80% across two consecutive sessions), was reached in the 11th and 12th session, (that is after having performed, from the 5th to the 10th session 65 trials with the copy signal alone). Two additional sessions were done resulting in Yulka receiving 14 training sessions with a total of 113 training trials with the copy signal alone (37 for DA, 36 for GT and 40 for SQ), (see Table 2 for details).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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369,418 |
The anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties of this flavonoid was evidenced by Szekalska M. et al. in multiple alginate-based micro-HGs loaded with CYN (Figure 3), that is, the naturally occurring 7-O-glucoside derivative of LT . The glycoside was isolated from the extract of the aerial parts of Bidens tripartita and loaded into sodium alginate (which was chosen for its bioadhesive properties) HGs mixed with a variable amount of glycerol and/or propylene glycol. Several in vivo and ex vivo experiments proved that these CYN-loaded bioadhesive formulations reduce inflammatory cells in mouse skin with inflammation or atopic dermatitis and have a potential use for the treatment of psoriasis.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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168,925 |
Prediction performance. Further experiments have been carried out to evaluate both computational and network performance in prediction tasks. Sensor device E1c was configured to send 10 input messages on the data topic. Subscribed Intelligence nodes compute predictions and return output response messages. Table 8 shows data exchange for this step is minimal, as expected. Sending individual data samples through the MB incurs in some network bandwidth overhead, though this can be mitigated by publishing multiple samples together, if possible. The last experiment assessed prediction time and latencies both at the Edge and on the Cloud. Outcomes are reported in Table 9:Inference time: The time elapsed in predicting the regression value for a sample locally, as measured by the Intelligence module.Communication latency: The time required for sending and receiving messages between the different components of the architecture in the prediction phase. As Table 9 shows, it is made of four components: (i) from Sensor to Message Broker (S to MB), (ii) from Message Broker to Intelligence (MB to I), (iii) from Intelligence to Message Broker (I to MB), (iv) and from Message Broker to Sensor (MB to S). (In the prototype the last two components simply concern the prediction values, but in general scenarios they could concern set points for appropriate actuators in a control feedback loop, computed on the basis of the ML predictions);Turnaround time: The overall time between input sample upload and prediction, evaluated on the Sensor node uploading the samples.
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
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330,629 |
The establishment of tumor-specific and treatment regimen-specific clinical factors estimating the UDR of chemotherapy may be helpful for therapeutic planning for older adults with metastatic cancer. Our study revealed the prevalence of UDR of the first cycle of first-line palliative chemotherapy for older adults in clinical practice and the clinical characteristics of the patients who received UDR in multiple institutions of South Korea as the first study for older Asian adults with cancer. A prospective randomized trial to evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of UDR and the impact of UDR on adverse events and the efficacy of the subsequent chemotherapy for older adults with metastatic cancer should be performed.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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313,991 |
The patient was seen by endocrinology and was found to have a low adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), a low PM cortisol, hyponatremia and a high thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Synacthen test was within normal range. He was put on hydrocortisone 20 mg q am and 10 mg q pm initially then decreased to 10 mg am and 5 mg pm as well as levothyroxine 75 mcg daily. Unfortunately, the patient started to develop extra-pyramidal symptoms presenting as abnormal movements in the lower limb and orofacial dyskinesia. It was believed to be caused by the haloperidol, which was therefore stopped. It was also believed that his agitation could be caused by leviteracetam, hence it was switch to sodium valproate 500 mg twice daily and clonazepam 1 mg once daily at bedtime.
| 4 | 1clinical
| 3Clinical case
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216,263 |
Covalently cross-linked cofilin-actin complexes do occur in nuclear rods that are associated with a cell model for Huntington’s disease (HD) . HD arises from expansion of a CAG codon in the huntingtin gene, encoding long repeats of glutamine (polyQ) in the expressed protein. Nuclear rods induced by heat shock or 10% DMSO in a striatal neuron-derived cell line expressing either mutant (Q111) or normal (Q7) huntingtin protein were not only immunostained for cofilin and actin but also for huntingtin protein. Cells expressing WT (Q7) huntingtin form numerous short rods, almost all of which disappeared within 3 h after recovery from heat shock, whereas cells expressing the huntingtin (Q111) had fewer and longer rods, which persisted in over 35% of cells at 24 h post heat shock. The persistence correlates with the formation of covalent cofilin-actin complexes formed by tissue transglutaminase 2 (TG2), which is recruited by the mutant huntingtin to nuclear rods. Thus, multiple mechanisms exist for generating cross-linked complexes in rods, some of which are much less reversible.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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262,592 |
As can be seen in Figure 5A, an increase in iohexol clearance, a marker of the GFR, was observed in all but one pig after 4 and 24 h of CRI infusion. This increase was more pronounced 24 h than 4 h a.s.i. Remarkable was the observation that the sham pig, only receiving a CRI of 0.9% NaCl solution, also demonstrated an enhanced iohexol clearance. A decreased renal function was observed in the piglet (replicate 2) receiving a dose of 2 μg/kg/h LPS. In this piglet, only one measurement of the GFR could be performed, since iohexol was not yet completely cleared from the body 20 h after the first iohexol administration.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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368,916 |
The daily wind speed (ws) and relative humidity (rh) were included in the model and set as the natural spline (NS) function with 4 df, respectively. Time is included in the model for controlling long-term trend and seasonality22. Dow is dummy variable for controlling “day of a week effect” in the model9. Daily deaths from pneumonia and influenza (PI) were also included in the model.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
106,802 |
The selection operation algorithm is mainly based on the binary tournament algorithm. We judge the merits and demerits of the individual in the population through non-dominated sorting method . The size of non-dominated level reflects the convergence of the solution, and the crowding distance reflects the diversity of the solution. Solution Si is better than solution Sj, if and only if Equation (3) is satisfied:(3){δSi=δSj, τSi>τSjδSi>δSj or where δSi represents the non-dominance level of solution Si, τSi represents crowding distance of solution Si. The selection operation algorithm takes two solutions (individuals) from the population and selects a solution with high convergence and diversity to fill the mating pool. This process is repeated until the mating pool reaches its predefined size, which is usually the same size as the population size. The time complexity of the fast non-dominated sorting is O(NlogN), and extended mating pool is O(N), so the time complexity of this algorithm is O(NlogN).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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318,822 |
In conclusion, we have shown how a molecule of bacterial origin, probably produced also by the human intestinal microbiome, can exert anti-inflammatory and immune-regulatory effects through the direct binding on the MD2 protein. Additionally, we have highlighted that PGA is also capable of preventing local or systemic damage induced by LPS and, in particular, peripheral nerve damage induced by antineoplastic therapy. Future studies may be important to characterize other related natural molecules and provide us with new drugs directed against TLR4 in controlling the cytokine storm in chronic inflammatory syndromes.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
139,548 |
In addition, inorganic matrixes have also been applied for ASNase immobilization on Fe3O4 nanoparticles, such as the commercial Mobil Composition of Matter No. 41 (MCM-41), a mesoporous molecular sieve composed of an amorphous silica wall and 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) as stabilizer . Immobilized ASNase retained 63% of its original activity and showed a 1.15-fold increased affinity for the substrate when compared to free ASNase. In addition, immobilized ASNase gained pH and thermal stability, kinetic, reusability and storage stability in comparison with the free enzyme. However, no in vivo assays were performed in this study .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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260,419 |
AD is associated with neurovascular dysfunction, pericyte loss, and reduced cerebral blood flow . Optogenetic manipulation of the activity of individual and small clusters of mural cells and consequent imaging techniques together with system modeling methods have been used to allow the investigation of pericyte and smooth muscle cell physiology and their role in regulating cerebral blood flow . One study, for instance, noted that optogenetic excitation of pericytes results in contraction followed by constriction of the underlying capillary leading to a decrease in capillary diameter and reduced capillary RBC flow .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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101,091 |
The cytokine profile was analyzed simultaneously with analysis of the anti-HA1 antibody content. HA1 alone stimulated the production of most cytokines, except interleukine (IL)-2, whose level was somewhat lower compared with the control (Figure 2). The largest increase (about 1.3 times) was observed in the content of IL-1 and IL-10. The incorporation of HA1 in TI-compexes mainly resulted in different effects on the level of cytokines, depending on the MGDG component. All TI-complexes stimulated the production of IL-1, IL-12, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) compared with the control. All TI-complexes, except the one based on MGDG from S. pallidum, also stimulated the formation of IL-6. However, the effect of HA1 on the content of TI-complexes was usually less than the effect of HA1 alone, except for HA1 incorporated in a TI-complex based on MGDG from Z. marina, which promoted a 1.7-fold increase in the production of IL-1 compared with the control. In addition, TI-complexes based on MGDGs from U. lactuca and Z. marina induced the synthesis of IL-2 and IL-4, respectively, more effectively than HA1 alone.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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119,117 |
Four iPSC lines (three MODY1 mutation carriers and their family control) were differentiated according to the protocol9 on Matrigel-coated plates for the duration of the whole differentiation protocol, without transfer to an air-liquid interface. The cells were grown in stage 6 media and stage 7 media for 7 days, respectively. iPS-derived cells were harvested for downstream immunofluorescence staining at each of the seven stages of differentiation. We harvested iPS-derived cells for proteomics analysis at Stage 6 (n = 2) and 7 (n = 4) corresponding to immature and maturing beta cells, respectively. Stage 7 cells were further subjected to Glucose Stimulated Insulin Secretion (GSIS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
388,607 |
Here, Ii′ and ak, bk denote the error-corrected photon counts and coefficients of the second-order polynomials for I3, I4, respectively; we used Ii′ instead of Ii in Eq. 2. With this error correction, the effect of the systematic error was successfully canceled, as shown in fig. S2C, and a constant real temperature was obtained. Without the error correction, intentional step variations in the photon counts (Itot) caused artifacts in the estimation.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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88,248 |
Previous studies have demonstrated P2X7R activation promotes NOX-mediated ROS production in microglia29, 36. Therefore, we sought to determine whether NADPH oxidase (NOX) contributed to P2X7R-mediated ROS increases in SCDH neurons. Similar to our previous experiments, neurons were loaded with CellROX green and subjected to live cell confocal microscopy. Prior to imaging, neurons were pre-treated with a NOX inhibitor apocynin. Indeed, pre-treatment with apocynin (APO, 100 µM) partially reduced BzATP-mediated ROS production when compared to BzATP (300 µM) alone (Fig. 3A,B). We therefore increased the apocynin concentration to 250 µM, which strongly reduces P2X7R-mediated ROS production in microglia37. Apocynin 250 µM abolished P2X7R-mediated increases (Fig. 3B,C).Figure 3NOX inhibition attenuates BzATP-mediated ROS production. (A) Representative of live cell confocal images captured before (0 min) and after application of BzATP in the presence of vehicle or apocynin (100 µM, 250 µM). (B) Time lapse of ROS production after BzATP (300 μM) administration in the presence of vehicle or apocynin. (C) Summary of the effects of apocynin on BzATP-induced ROS production. Values represent mean ± SEM, n = 6–12 neurons. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001 compared to BzATP group by the one-way ANOVA. Scale bar 10 µm.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
319,021 |
Globally, tobacco use is responsible for 25% of all cancer-related deaths (2.4 million deaths from tobacco-use associated cancers) . Cigarette smoke contains approximately 7,000 chemicals, of which at least 70 are known carcinogens [9–11]. Smoking-associated oral malignant changes are typically seen in the labial or buccal mucosa, tongue, gingiva, palate, alveolar mucosa, lips and salivary glands [12–15]. On the other hand, smokeless tobacco forms are chewed, placed in close contact with the oral mucosa or applied over the teeth and gums. Smokeless tobacco is consumed as raw leaves (local names such as khaini, misri, gutka, zarda, toombak) or dissolvable forms (lozenges, sticks, strips) [3, 16], often containing additives such as areca nut, betel quid, catechu, slaked lime, ash, sodium bicarbonate, as well as flavouring agents such as menthol and plant oils. The process of tobacco curing, fermentation and ageing, results in the production of tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), which are the major group of carcinogens in smokeless tobacco [17–19].
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
386,860 |
Pregnant women and infants under 6 months are among the population subgroups considered to be at high risk for serious influenza-related morbidity and mortality, as illustrated during the 1918 and 2009–2010 influenza A (H1N1) pandemics . The mechanical, hormonal, and relevant immunologic alterations that occur during pregnancy may enhance the susceptibility to viral infections and the risk of influenza complications [2, 3]. In 2018, a study estimated that a large proportion of influenza-virus-associated acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) hospitalizations and in-hospital deaths occurred among young infants and among children in low-income and lower middle-income countries . Influenza can cause primary infections or is also associated with higher rates of secondary bacterial infections . Therefore, maternal influenza immunization could play a role in reducing the burden of all-cause ALRI .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
377,247 |
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| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
362,297 |
Our study has several limitations. First, in order to infer conclusions about the effect of Treat All on key outcomes, an ideal study design would have involved at least a two-arm comparison between Treat All and non-Treat All. However, our study aimed to capture the real-life implementation of Treat All under the pressure of time and limited budget. For this reason, our approach using existing routine data and client exit surveys seemed well suited. In addition, due to the nationwide rollout of the Treat All implementation, it was not feasible to establish a rigorous comparison and it would have been unethical to have a control population that did not receive Treat All. Aside from the design limitations, the data were collected retrospectively and thus subjected to errors and various data quality issues. These are common limitations of routine program data, especially data from small health facilities in limited resource settings in Northern Namibia. It is important to note that longitudinal data was not feasible to collect due to challenges in recruiting enough newly positive clients (Namibia has a small population size) at IntraHealth supported sites within a limited timeframe. Lastly, our client exit survey was likely subjected to social desirability bias and recall bias, especially when asking about clients’ travel and wait time and when interviews were being conducted in a limited-space health facility.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
198,337 |
Cardiac phenotype of p. Glu317Lys LMNA variant carriers was characterized by left ventricular dilatation (LVEDD 53 ± 9 mm; LVEDVi 90 ± 7 ml/m2) and systolic dysfunction (LVEF 41 ± 15%). Three patients also displayed conduction disorders: 2 of them presented first‐degree AV‐blocks with very long PR intervals (the longest reported was 520 ms), while the third patient developed high‐degree AV block and received a dual‐chamber pacemaker subsequently upgraded to a biventricular defibrillator. Atrial fibrillation and NSVT were found in 50% of these patients, while 2 patients also presented with SVT (one of them occurring during exercise testing, and the other was detected on defibrillator arrhythmia registry). One patient received an ICD in primary prevention due to severe left ventricular dysfunction (LVEF 20%), which subsequently progressively improved (last reported LVEF was 47%) after optimized drug treatment for heart failure, and the occurrence of several appropriate defibrillator interventions by ATP on SVT was also reported.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
111,386 |
This process is particularly efficient in the presence of tin-containing MF1 zeolites, which are selective, recyclable and can be prepared by scalable methods (Fig. 1). Zeolite catalysts can also operate in concentrated aqueous or alcohol solutions, and it is possible to obtain two products, such as lactic acid or alkyl lactates. Additionally, the process contains the enzymatic production of dihydroxyacetone derived from crude glycerol, which is important from the point of view of the LCA.Fig. 1Conventional and alternative lactid acid synthesis
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
1,415 |
The most intensively studied bismuth halide perovskite in terms of optoelectronic applications is (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9. Single crystals can be synthesized via a layered-solution crystallization technique [176, 180], while thin films are obtained from solution-based processing (e.g. spin coating, doctor blading) followed by subsequent thermal annealing at low temperatures [36, 175, 181–184] or via vapor-assisted methods . The (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9 structure consists of pairs of face-sharing BiI6 octahedra forming isolated metal halide dimer units of Bi2I9 3− surrounded by randomly disordered CH3NH3 + cations [175, 177, 180, 182]. The bi-octahedral anionic clusters are interconnected via N–H···I hydrogen bonding interactions [179, 182]. Dipolar ordering of the organic cation and in-plane ordering of the lone pair of the metal upon cooling is accompanied by phase transitions from a hexagonal crystal structure (space group: P63/mmc) at 300 K to a monoclinic crystal structure (space group: C2/c) at 160 K with an additional first-order phase transition at 143 K (monoclinic, space group: P21) .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
15,155 |
Our upscaling was based on two inland water area inventories—inventory R, from ref. 15 and inventory G, GLOWABO, from ref. 20. Both data sets were clustered by COSCAT zones and we calculated the total area of water bodies for each of the following size classes—≥0.001–0.1 km2, >0.1–1 km2, >1–10 km2, >10–100 km2, >100 km2. Since inventory R lists lakes and reservoirs separately, we used its lake/reservoir ratio from each size class in each COSCAT to estimate reservoir area in inventory G, which does not identify water bodies as either lakes or reservoirs.
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
|
169,125 |
The selective EP4 agonist, AKDS001 (Asahi Kasei Pharma, Tokyo, Japan), was incorporated into biocompatible and biodegradable polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) microspheres (MS) for sustained drug release (Hua et al., 2021). The ratio of polylactic acid to polyglycolic acid was 1:1. PLGA MS with AKDS001 (AKDS001 MS) and without AKDS001 (Blank MS) were used for the following animal experiments. Approximately 70% of AKDS001 in PLGA MS was released sustainedly over the study period (4 weeks) (Ukon et al., 2021).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
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