id
int32 0
398k
| text
stringlengths 204
42k
| educational_score
float32 1
5
| domain
class label 3
classes | document_type
class label 4
classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
362,991 |
“I enjoyed the exercise thing. It is quite, you know (.) it is just (.) She (referring to the exercise leader) sort of said, you know, made us aware of sort, of what sort of exercise is good for, what parts of your body and so forth. So, I mean it is important, isn’t it to keep moving, keep active and this is what part of the programme is about, isn’t it? (Ben, male, 65).
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
70,682 |
Results from a separate assay were similar, but by including 2.5 mM pyruvate in the incubation medium as catabolic substrate, it was possible to observe perchlorate reduction and chlorate formation (Figure 1C). During the period of maximum CO oxidation, perchlorate decreased by approximately 1 mM, while chlorate increased by about 0.5 mM (Figure 1C); chlorite formation from chlorate might have accounted for part or all of the difference. The decrease in perchlorate and increase in chlorate concentrations were greatest in the presence of 0.25 mM nitrate (Figure 1C), but perchlorate reduction did not require nitrate, which was consistent with results from CO oxidation. The fact that CO uptake did not occur in the absence of an electron acceptor (e.g., perchlorate or 25 mM nitrate), but occurred while perchlorate was reduced and chlorate was formed confirmed the potential for CO-coupled perchlorate reduction by extreme halophiles.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
307,332 |
Next, we detected the expression of TYMS in EPCs. qRT-PCR and WB detection showed that TYMS was highly expressed in EPCs of sepsis patients compared with the Healthy group (Figures 4(a) and 4(b)). We then knocked down TYMS in the EPCs of sepsis patients. qRT-PCR and WB verified the success of TYMS interference (Figures 4(c) and 4(d)). qRT-PCR and WB showed that compared with the si-NC group, the expression levels of pyroptosis related factors ASC, Caspase-1, NLRP3, and IL-18 were decreased in the si-TYMS group (Figures 4(c) and 4(d)). Pearson Correlation Coefficient analysis showed that HMGA1 was positively correlated with TYMS (Figure 4(e)). Co-IP experiment showed that HMGA1 was combined with TYMS (Figure 4(f)). These results showed that HMGA1 was related and bound to TYMS.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
108,023 |
Depressed mood over the past week was assessed during the initial survey with the 10 item version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale . Participants rated how often a given statement (e.g., “I felt depressed.”) occurred over the past week on a four-point scale (0 = Rarely or none of the time (less than 1 day); 3 = Most or all of the time (5–7 days)). Scores were summed (M = 10.83, SD = 5.40, α = 0.81).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
278,658 |
In some cases, where mass is identified on US, tri-phasic abdominal CT for further characterization is requested. In these cases, physicians usually write triphasic abdominal CT on the request paper since they have the recommendation from the abdominal US. In most other cases, they write only the anatomic regions to be scanned and the request papers are protocolled in the pediatric radiology and neuroradiology units.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
202,272 |
As testing capacity increased and more cases were detected, many governments began to issue social distancing guidelines to mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2. The first European country to implement a cordon sanitaire was Italy on 23 February 2020, for a few northern cities40. Many other countries followed suit and implemented national lockdowns in March 2020 (refs.30,41); however, this was weeks after our model estimates that SARS-CoV-2 was introduced and locally spreading. We find a strong correlation between the number of cases reported by the date of a lockdown/social distancing measure and the cumulative infections projected by 4 July 2020 (Extended Data Fig. 1C), indicating that the earlier NPIs had been issued, the smaller the COVID-19 burden experienced during the first wave. This is in agreement with other analyses showing that the timing of NPIs is crucial in limiting the burden of COVID-19 (refs.19,29,42–48). Overall, our results strengthen the case for preparedness plans with broader indication for testing that are able to detect local transmission earlier.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
93,255 |
Next, we examined the effect of LY294002 (LY), an inhibitor of PI3K, on RNS60-mediated activation of CREB and upregulation of myelin genes in oligodendrocytes. Inhibition of RNS60-mediated activation of CREB by LY (Fig. 7c) suggests the involvement of PI3K in RNS60-induced activation of CREB. LY294002 also markedly (p < 0.001 vs. RNS60) inhibited the RNS60-induced mRNA expression of PLP, MBP and MOG in primary oligodendrocytes (Fig. 7d, e). Western blot analysis of PLP (Fig. 7f, g) also corroborates this finding. Immunofluorescence analysis also indicated that wortmannin and LY294002 were able to suppress the expression of MOG and PLP in primary oligodendrocytes (Fig. 7h).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
202,476 |
Where i is each indexed site area and ξi reflects log deviations for sites in estimating median centrality (Y). The value of this exponent, β, tends to be about ⅔ or ⅚, depending on context, at least in the case of measures of infrastructure (this means that these relationships deviate from linear by about ⅓ or ⅙). This variation has been explained by the different extents to which the built environments of settlements impose constraints on movement . As a result, although there is currently no formal expectation for the relationship between the centrality measures discussed below and the sizes of sites, one might expect the slopes, or exponents, of these relationships deviate from linear by about ⅓ or ⅙ and that organic and planned settlements will take on different values. This is because other urban infrastructure and related phenomena, such as city gates and regional road networks [31–33], have demonstrated such values.
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
|
19,564 |
Lentiviral production was performed as previously described using the third generation lentiviral packaging system . β-catenin overactivation was achieved by transducing a vector with a S33Y mutant β-catenin cloned into the FUGW backbone as previously described .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
358,230 |
Thus, in this study we sought to characterise the effect of MCT1 inhibition on tumour choline metabolism in vivo using non-invasive proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy (MRS) and evaluate the accompanying changes in the tumour microenvironment.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
234,196 |
Among the 16 physicians actively treating individuals with HIV at the CVIS, four will be recruited to participate as well as 32 of their adult patients. This sample size amply meets rule of thumb recommendations for one-arm pilot studies . To participate, patients must be confirmed HIV positive, aged at least 18 years old, on combination ART, irrespective of duration, and literate in English or French. They must own a smartphone with an appropriate data plan and/or home Wi-Fi connection, since currently, Opal is ideally suited to a smartphone interface. They must also be willing to download the smartphone app. Finally, patients must have had known or suspected adherence problems in the past 12 months, based on: a detectable viral load test result per local standards , and/or report by the patient or healthcare team (by the physician, nurse, social worker, or pharmacist). At least ten female patients among the 32 will be recruited, to ensure sufficient representation of women living with HIV . Patients may not participate if they are: concurrently enrolled in a clinical trial; affected by a cognitive impairment or medical instability that prevents them from participating in all aspects of the study; insufficiently able to use the app with the technical support provided; receiving treatment for hepatitis C or have completed treatment 3 months ago or less; or being treated for hepatitis B with a medication other than their combination ART.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
185,065 |
The different dataset contains different types of DoS/DDoS attacks. CICDDoS2019 dataset contains different DDoS attack types that exploit a wide range of network or application protocols. We categorize 5 different DDoS attack types that exploit LDAP, NetBIOS, MSSQL, SYN, and UDP flooding.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
359,380 |
Based on the above results, we are interested in if there are any change of the cell morphology after different treated. Therefore, we culture the cells and then treated with ctrl, LPS, LPS + betaine and betaine alone for 24 h. The culture medium was poured out and then the cells were soaked in PBS and taken photos under the microscope. It could be observed from the Fig. 3 that after different treatments, the cell morphology didn’t have an obvious change. Fig. 3Cellular morphology of four groups with different treatments. There was no obvious difference among four groups, all the cells looked normal and intact
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
312,824 |
There are, however, two methodological challenges that must be overcome to apply DA in ABM. First, DA methods are often intrinsic to their underlying models which are typically systems of partial differential equations with functions linearized mathematically. Hence DA methods typically rely on linearizing the underlying model . One of the most appealing aspects of ABMs is that they are inherently nonlinear, so it is not clear whether the assumptions of traditional DA methods will hold. Second, it is still unknown how much uncertainty DA can effectively deal with when implemented within ABM. Assimilation of real-time data into ABMs has only been attempted a few times and these examples are limited by their simplicity [5–7].
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
176,381 |
Suppose arguendo that this is correct. Even then, I do not think it follows that it must be morally impermissible for contemporary European states to ban public face-covering. The reason for this is that, while for a single person to enter a park lawn might not have any negative effects, for a single person to cover her face in public has at least some negative effects upon other people’s opportunities to satisfy their social needs compared to a situation where the relevant individual does not publicly cover her face, assuming all else to be equal. Not only was it noted that the use of face-coverings renders communication between strangers—and, implied by this, the sharing of micro-moments of connection—much harder, we have seen that for people to cover their face will often make it (almost) impossible for those with serious hearing disabilities to have conversations with them, which is especially problematic when there are no other potential conversation partners around with uncovered faces—just think of situations where the only fellow passenger on a bus is wearing a burqa, or of ones where the only other (grand)parent at a playground is wearing a niqab. What is more, even when there are people with uncovered faces to talk to, the fact that some have covered their faces remains problematic on grounds that it still reduces the number of individuals with whom those with hearing disabilities could meaningfully interact.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
287,177 |
The postoperative local recurrence rates were 9.1% (±2.1) at 3 years and 11.1% (±2.9%) at 5 years. In the univariate analysis, sex, tumor subtype, tumor depth, tumor size, and tumor location had no significant effects on LC. Moreover, the surgical margin type (marginal resection, HR = 0.12, p = 0.011; intralesional resection, HR = 0.08, p = 0.022, compared with wide resection) and administration of radiotherapy (HR = 0.24, p = 0.001) were significantly associated with local recurrence. Surgical margins were retained in the multivariate analysis (Table 1).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
175,596 |
The digestive system of honey bees consists of three sections: the anterior, midgut and posterior intestine . The anterior and posterior intestines are of ectodermal origin and are lined with a chitinous cuticle that protects them from pathogens . The midgut digestive tract is responsible for digestive processes and food absorption . This section should be brown in color and characterized by a strongly undulating surface .
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
68,164 |
To answer this question, two datasets will be required: a hospital admissions dataset and a mortality register. From the hospital admissions dataset, records will be required to be sent to the linkage unit for all those persons who have attempted suicide before and after the start of the health intervention; all records from the mortality register will be required by the linkage unit. The linkage unit will receive only the personal identifying information required for linkage (i.e., name, date of birth, gender, address). The linkage unit identifies which records from the supplied hospital dataset have associated mortality records. The linkage unit passes this information back to the data custodians, who then provide the content data (i.e., not personally identifying information) to the researcher for the hospital records, and any linked mortality records, along with a key that identifies which records belong to which individual. The researcher can then use this information to determine whether the intervention reduced suicide and attempted suicide rates.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
260,744 |
Childhood trauma is defined as childhood adverse events such as emotional and physical neglect, or physical, emotional, and sexual abuse . Childhood trauma had been associated with many mental and physical disorders [15–17], making it a public health problem. Toutountzidis et al. found an association between emotional abuse and both positive and negative psychosis-like traits. Marzillier et al. observed that individuals with schizotypy were vulnerable to frequent trauma-related intrusions. Huang et al. also confirmed that individuals at high risk of psychosis had experienced more childhood trauma.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
74,643 |
In 2017, Mathew et al. monitored the proton environments in calcium phosphates formed in vitro from MBGs by 1H NMR . The evolution of the proton speciation was elucidated at the MBG surface and within each ACP/HCA constituent of the layer formed after immersed in SBF. The initially prevailing ACP phase comprises H2O HPO42−/PO43− groups in a non-apatite structure. When the soaking time increased, a transformation of ACP to HCA was evidenced. They demonstrated that 1H 31P cross-polarization NMR was more sensitive than powder XRD or 31P NMR for detecting the onset of HCA formation, mainly for P-containing MBGs.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
307,589 |
Larveel® is designed to be applied in saline solution directly onto the wounded or rather infected tissue before it is covered with a dressing. To reduce the time required to change wound dressings and to simplify the procedure, sterile and storable wound cover containing Larveel® has been developed (Figure S2). The sheets passed all necessary quality criteria and initial studies on patients with chronic wounds are in progress.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
89,002 |
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a new, promising antibacterial treatment to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria with synergies that arise from chemical species and physical effects. Matthes et al. reported that repeated applications of cold atmospheric pressure plasma on Staphylococcus aureus embedded in biofilms did not result in the development of resistance or habituation against plasma applied within short time periods30. On the other hand, Mai-Prochnow et al. reported that a short plasma treatment (3 min) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa embedded into biofilms may lead to the emergence of a small number of surviving cells exhibiting enhanced resistance to subsequent plasma exposure31.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
4,274 |
Ways to decrease cigarette packaging influence have included warnings and plain packaging. Warnings on packs can both counteract appealing pack design elements and communicate health messages to consumers. Compared to text-only warnings, pictorial warnings on cigarette packs attract more attention, evoke more negative affect and attitudes towards the product, and more effectively deter initiation and promote intentions to quit . Pictorial warnings increase forgoing cigarettes, quit attempts, and successful cessation . Plain packaging is also increasingly being implemented around the world to reduce the appeal of tobacco products by removing brand imagery and attractive colors and fonts from packages . Cigarette packs with plain packaging are perceived as less appealing, less satisfying, and rated as having lower taste and quality . Though studies assessing the impact of plain packaging on behavioral outcomes are limited, current evidence suggests that plain packaging may increase quit attempts and calls to quitlines, as well as reduce smoking consumption and prevalence .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
100,790 |
In order to understand if H19 high expression levels contribute to the oncogenic properties of GBM cells, we depleted H19 by siRNAs (Figure 2A and 2B and Supplementary Figure 1A) and measured cell viability and in vitro ability to migrate and invade through an artificial ECM (transwell assays).We assayed three different siRNAs targeting H19, and demonstrated that all of them efficiently knocked down H19 in both A172 and LN229 cells (Supplementary Figure 1B). Due to its high efficiency, we then chose siRNA3 (from now on named “siRNAH19”) for the following experiments. As shown in Figure 2C and Supplementary Figure 1C, H19 knock-down strongly reduced the viability of A172 cells, while it had a more slight, though significant, effect on LN229 cells (Figure 2D). In both cases, the decrease in viability was evident at late time points. Conversely, H19 depletion reduced both migration and invasiveness more in LN229 (Figure 2E and 2F) than in A172 cells, where we observed only a trend (Figure 2E and 2F, and Supplementary Figure 1D). However, even with the differences we detected in our two cell lines, these results indicate that H19 plays a role in the growth and motility of GBM cells. As H19 is also the precursor of miR-675, we also measured miR-675-5p expression in LN229 and A172 cells, before and after H19 silencing. However, in both cell lines we found undetectable levels of miR-675-5p expression (data not shown). This strongly suggests that our functional results in conditions of H19 depletion are not due to miR-675 inhibition, but rather to the inhibition of specific functions played by H19 as a lncRNA.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
168,309 |
Though lifestyle intervention conclusively yields positive outcomes in diabetes prevention, its widespread implementation is impeded due to several limitations. In-person coaching is resource-intensive, time-consuming, costly and requires substantial commuting time, thus limiting the scalability and outreach to high-risk populations (12). Among the screen-and-treat programs studied, only 27% of the high-risk population completed the intervention (13). Low uptake, high attrition and withdrawal rates limit the potential efficacy of these interventions in real-world settings (12–14).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
30,346 |
Human colorectal adenocarcinoma tissue arrays were from Shanghai Biochip Company Ltd (Shanghai, China) and stained by using rabbit anti-human hCINAP (1:4,000) as the primary antibody and then incubated with 3, 30-diaminobenzidine and a negative control sample was treated identically (without the primary antibody). A Leica DM IRE2 microscope (Leica Microsystems Imaging Solutions Ltd, Cambridge, UK) was used for the imaging and measurement of the hCINAP staining intensity.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
200,046 |
In this section, we present experimental results that provide further insights on the localization performance of the studied system. Figure 2 shows a 3D slice representation of the CRB for 3D localization inside a room of size 6m×4m×2.5m, with 18 antennas on each wall and the ceiling (90 in total), marked with triangles, for SNR0=25dB, N=1024, fc=60GHz/100MHz, and a random Gaussian sequence. For convenience, the parameters are also displayed in Table 2, case 1. In the figure, we plotted CRB/λc as a function of the 3D space, where λc=c/fc=c˜/νc is the carrier wavelength. We imagined that a distributed array would come in prefabricated panels with subarrays of antennas for easy installation. So, we modeled four smaller subarrays (but still with inter-antenna distances considerably larger than λc/2) on the walls, and a larger one (with a larger aperture) on the ceiling.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
229,145 |
To assess the validity of the results, PLS 1b was re‐run 29 times, removing one site each time. All runs were significant with p‐values of <.05. The r 2 values ranged from .95 to .97 (Table A2), indicating that most of the variation in spotted hyena biomass was explained by each PLS run, regardless of the site that was removed. This justifies retaining the sites that fell just beyond the LRL; removal of them did not greatly alter the results. By contrast, the re‐runs of PLS 2b indicate that there was considerable variation in the results when some sites were removed. The p‐values are <.05 for each run, indicating that the regressions are significant. However, the r 2 values range from .98 to .56 (Table A3), indicating that there is much variation in lion biomass that is unexplained by the variables. The PLS regressions without the following sites have the lowest r 2 values: Kidepo Valley National Park, Lake Manyara National Park, Mkomazi Game Reserve (dry), Mkomazi Game Reserve (wet), Nairobi National Park (1976), Nairobi National Park (2002), Serengeti ecosystem (1971), and Serengeti ecosystem (2003). Of these, only Lake Manyara was originally identified as a leverage point for PLS 2b (Figure A4), again justifying inclusion of all the sites that fell just beyond the LRL.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
382,337 |
PGY2: “If I know that it’s something that can be understood by someone at my level, I feel like that’s knowledge that I should have ... As opposed to someone who’s been studying something for longer than I have been alive, and they drop some knowledge, I’m not sure I need to know that.”
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
102,136 |
Cells were seeded onto 96 well plates at a density of 10,000 cells per well after transfection with control or hnRNP L siRNA, and then treated with 50 μM etoposide for 12 h or 18 h. 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (Tetrazolium MTT) solution was added to the cells and incubated for 2 h at 37°C. MTT crystals were solubilized in DMSO. Absorbance was measured at 570 nm (Infinite 200 NanoQuant, Tecan).
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
61,177 |
The stability diagram in Ω–k 0 plane. The short dashed line corresponds to \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\rm{\Omega }}/{k}_{0}^{2}=2$$\end{document}Ω/k02=2. The blue and black solid line shows the border of stability diagram and phase transition of 2D and 3D system, respectively.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
227,394 |
The KIDSCREEN-27 assesses the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of children aged 8 to 18 years across five dimensions: physical wellbeing (PH) (e.g., ‘Have you felt fit and well?’), psychological wellbeing (PW) (e.g., ‘Have you been in a good mood?’, parent relations and autonomy (PA) (e.g., ‘Have you had enough time for yourself?’), peers and social support (PE) (e.g., ‘Have you spent time with your friends?), and school environment (SC) (e.g., ‘Have you been happy at school?’). Both the youth (KY) and proxy (KP) report versions consist of 27 items that measure the frequency or intensity of experience. Higher scores reflect higher levels of HRQoL on the dimension that was assessed. The reliability estimates for each informant and dimension are as follows: KY-PH ω = 0.78–0.82; KY-PW ω = 0.80–0.85; KY-PA ω = 0.78–0.84; KY-PE ω = 0.79–0.84; KY-SC ω = 0.74–0.86; KP-PH ω = 0.84–0.86; KP-PW ω = 0.84–0.88; KP-PA ω = 0.77–83; KP-PE ω = 0.87–0.90; and KP-SC ω = 0.85–0.89.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
339,899 |
So, one of the clear highlights of our study is that it offers a tool (and even better, a free tool) that permits to objectively assess motor skills in the children’s natural educational context (see the ad hoc observation instrument, available in the Supplementary Material). So, our study responds to the current need to construct practical tools that permit the assessment of motor skills by ECE teachers (Cueto et al., 2017); and more specifically, the need to increase the limited number of observational tools currently available to teachers in order to identify children having motor problems (Figueroa and An, 2017). Based on these assessments, it would be possible to design and implement teaching practices and interventions that are suited to the specific needs of the students. The built tool would also be useful to assess progress and evaluate the efficacy of these practices and interventions, permitting their modification and thus, offering an evidence-based practice. All of this would clearly improve the early motor skills and offer the possibility of improved future academic achievement for the children.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
128,192 |
A literature search was conducted using PubMed to identify all relevant studies. Research articles were also selected manually from the reference lists of articles. The search strategy used the terms “biomarker,” “coronary artery disease,” “cardiovascular disease,” “metabolic disease,” “cardiac troponin,” “natriuretic peptide,” “heart-type fatty acid-binding protein,” “adipokines,” “adiponectin,” “fibroblast growth factor,” “fatty acid binding protein,” “lipocalin 2,” “neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin,” “retinol binding protein,” “plasminogen activator inhibitor,” “vitamin D,” “PCSK9,” and “risk prediction” in several combinations. Duplicated studies were identified and removed using Endnote duplicate function. The abstracts and titles of article retrieved were screened to exclude the irrelevant studies. Full-text articles were then examined to determine whether they met the inclusion criteria.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
369,594 |
A comprehensive case presentation requires a structured and condensed provision of relevant medical information on the diagnostic path, including information on symptoms, biomarker measures, imaging results, pathology, tumor stage and definition of treatment-related considerations. Presentation of patient characteristics should efficiently capture the essence of risk factors, performance status, information on relevant comorbidities and available information on patient preferences . Though many MDT teams have performed targeted quality improvement work related to, e.g., referral guidelines, meeting structure and case discussion format, there is a lack of guidelines on which data elements should be provided for a comprehensive MDT case discussion. Relevant information differs among teams, diagnostic areas and in relation to the clinical question, and to ensure efficient processes the data requested should be kept at a modest amount .
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
42,705 |
A representative MALDI mass spectrum extracted from a single pixel (bile duct region) of the MSI experiment is shown in Figure 2a. The measured accurate m/z of the base peak at m/z 514.2836 (center panel) matched that of the [M – H]- ion of a compound with molecular formula C26H45NO7S (exact mass, m/z 514.2844), which in turn was assigned to taurocholic acid (TCA) or one of the epimers of tauromuricholic acid (α-, β-, γ-, or ω-TMCA, Figure 1). In addition, two other important signals were found. Firstly, m/z 498.2904 (top panel) was assigned a molecular formula of C26H45NO6S and tentatively identified as taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA); secondly, m/z 530.2789 (bottom panel) was assigned the formula C26H45NO8S and tentatively identified as taurotetrahydroxycholic acid (TTHBA). The molecular formulae differed by 16 u (one oxygen), thus representing the taurine conjugates of primary bile acids containing two, three, and four hydroxyl groups at the steroid cores. CID experiments of each species (Figure 2b and c) revealed characteristic fragment ions at m/z 124 (C2H6NO3S-) and m/z 107 (C2H3O3S-), resulting from cleavages from the taurine conjugated side chain. In addition, two further meaningful fragment ions were observed, originating from neutral losses of taurine and a single water molecule (m/z 355.2648) or taurine and two water molecules (m/z 353.2486), which are characteristic diagnostic ions for dihydroxy and trihydroxy BAs [31, 57]. Of note, MS/MS-based distinction between the two individual isomers of trihydroxy bile acids (TCA and TMCA) was not possible with the implemented instrument, as only low-energy CID was available, which does not provide isomer-specific ions for the two species. However, based on quantitative data for the isomers shown in previous LC-MS/MS studies of bile acids in mouse gall bladder and liver, we assume that both isomers contribute to the ion abundance at m/z 514.3 [5, 33]. Potential isomer contributions will be investigated in the future by utilizing ion mobility separation after MALDI.Figure 2(a) MSI single pixel mass spectrum for the m/z range 450–700 (center), with two smaller expanded m/z range: m/z 492–508 (top) and m/z 522–540 (bottom), showing signals from deprotonated molecules of trihydroxy, dihydroxy, and tetrahydroxy bile acids, respectively. (b) CID mass spectra of three identified BAs, confirming taurine-conjugated side chains, obtained after isolation in the quadrupole and dissociation in the hexapole collision cell at energies of 50, 55, and 50 eV for dihydroxy, trihydroxy, and tetrahydroxy BAs, respectively. (c) Structures of the three identified BAs (TCA and TMCA isomers are both shown, as distinction was not possible with the present method)
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
184,393 |
Microbial keratitis, a major global cause of blindness due to corneal scarring, poses a significant health problem17. Although the current broad-spectrum anti-microbial regimen is effective in treating bacterial keratitis, the outcomes remain poor due to the secondary corneal opacity and scarring18. In this study, we developed and utilized a novel murine model of corneal opacity formation following LPS-induced keratitis to test the effect of topical HGF administration on secondary corneal opacity. Our data demonstrate that topical HGF administration reduces the development of corneal opacity by suppressing the expression of pro-fibrotic marker α-SMA in the cornea, improving corneal transparency following keratitis compared to PBS control. In addition, HGF treatment normalized tissue architecture and reduced corneal inflammation.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
261,037 |
In short, 47 participants (aged 21-64 years) with a clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or first episode psychosis and treated with an antipsychotic medication were recruited to the study. Their body mass index ranged from 29.4 – 59.7 kg/m2. After a baseline assessment, participants were randomised in a 1:1 ratio to treatment with liraglutide 3.0 mg by daily injection or a matched placebo. All participants, carers, and study personnel except the pharmacy team were blinded to treatment assignment. The liraglutide was used according to the current EU licence for Saxenda®; the starting dose was 0.6 mg per day, which was titrated every week to a maximum of 3.0 mg per day. The duration of treatment was 6 months. Participants were taught how to self-inject and text reminders were sent to support self-administration.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
366,048 |
This was a prospective, observational study. We enrolled all consecutive patients with AMI (n = 2178), both ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), admitted to the Intensive Cardiac Care Unit of Centro Cardiologico Monzino in Milan between June 1, 2012 and October 1, 2017. Patients experiencing AMI as a complication of elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (Type 4a AMI) and those with concomitant systemic inflammatory conditions, including active infections (n = 88) or malignancies (n = 26) were excluded. The study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki, and the Ethics Committee of our center approved the research protocol (n. R520-CCM549). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
159,459 |
As the second HL test, and for the purpose of verifying the concurrent validity of the SAHLCA-50 instrument, we used the Croatian version of the Newest Vital Sign (NVS-HR) , which represents a reliable Croatian version of the original NVS-UK instrument and is used to measure HL as the same construct measured by SAHLCA-50. The implementation procedure consisted of showing the nutritional declaration to the examinees during the examination. After the respondent had read it, the examiner asked seven questions of an objective type that the respondent should have answered without using the aids to calculate the answer. Answers were scored as correct or incorrect, and the possible range of scores ranged from 0 to 6, whereby a higher score indicated greater HL. The seventh question was actually a semi-question, and was asked in the case that the answer to the sixth question was too general, but still somewhat correct. If the respondent answered the seventh question correctly, one point was added to the sixth question. In case the respondent did not answer the seventh question correctly, the sixth question was scored zero points. The reliability of the type of internal consistency in this study was 0.77, which was similar to the value obtained in the original paper . A factor analysis was also performed using the principal components procedure and two significant factors were obtained. Since all particles had saturations greater than 0.61 on the first factor, the one-dimensional structure was retained, and the resulting factor explained 46.96% of the variance of the variables.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
121,978 |
(A) Relations between Palv– recorded in a young healthy subject, in an old healthy subject and in a patient with severe COPD. (B) Relation between Palv– recorded in a patient with severe COPD with the indication of the sense of rotation (arrows). Ains: inspiratory area; Aexp: expiratory area. The part of the expiratory Palv– suggestive of the presence of expiratory flow-limitation (where flow is decreasing while driving pressure is increasing) is indicated with a thicker line.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
39,060 |
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is the most commonly performed major cardiovascular operation. Carotid artery stenosis is present in ≈6% to 8% of all patients undergoing CABG and is associated with an increased risk of stroke during and after CABG.1,2 Prophylactic treatment of asymptomatic concomitant carotid artery stenosis is managed in different ways, for example, by carotid artery angioplasty and stenting (CAS) or carotid endarterectomy (CEA), either simultaneously with CABG, before CABG, or delayed after CABG (staged or reverse staged). For many years, staged or synchronous CEA has been advocated by many cardiovascular surgeons in the attempt to reduce the perioperative and long-term risk of stroke associated with carotid artery stenosis but only very few patients with this disease entity have been included in controlled clinical trials.3,4 Only data from uncontrolled studies with variable inclusion criteria and end point assessment are available in patients with coexisting cardiac and carotid atherosclerotic disease undergoing CABG without carotid revascularization (by CAS or CEA).5 Some studies have even found that asymptomatic carotid stenosis did not increase the risk of post-CABG stroke.6,7 Therefore, in the absence of any randomized controlled trial, no systematic high-level evidence exists that staged or synchronous CEA and CABG confer any short-term benefit over CABG without CEA. Moreover, improvements in medical therapy have considerably reduced the average long-term risk of ipsilateral stroke in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis.8 Thus, any potential long-term benefit conferred by prophylactic CEA may be offset by the relatively high procedural risk reported in systematic reviews.9,10 Therefore, the CABACS trial (Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery in Patients With Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis) aimed to compare the perioperative safety and long-term efficacy of synchronous CEA and CABG versus isolated CABG in patients with asymptomatic high-grade carotid artery stenosis.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
138,833 |
Several factors can modulate aggressive behavior within a cohort and limit physical injuries on an individual level. When designing a SIS experiment, we recommend considering the following factors to restrict excessive aggression levels:-Provision of cage enrichment, especially nesting material, and adequate cage floor area.-Unrestricted access to food and water.-Absence of the opposite sex in the same experimental room, especially with male rodents.-Proper selection of the rodent strain, potentially avoiding high-aggression strains.-Removal of the uninjured animal when multiple cagemates have injuries (the injury-free animal is likely the aggressive and biting conspecific).-When aggression levels are generally high on a cohort level, and the choice of rodent strain cannot be altered, clipping of teeth can limit the number of injuries.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
214,199 |
The chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has shown supreme clinical antitumor efficacies in hematological malignancies that express CD19.1, 2, 3 However, the efficacy of CAR-T is still not optimal for solid tumors. Numerous preclinical studies have observed superior efficacies of CAR-T cells against solid tumor models including glioblastoma,4,5 sarcoma,6 neuroblastoma,7 breast cancer,8 advanced gastric or pancreatic cancer,9 lung cancer,10 hepatocellular carcinoma,11 ovarian cancer,12 and prostate cancer.13 However, the clinical outcome is rather poor, and the responses are transient,14 due to a variety of factors, such as antigen escape, limited tumor infiltration, and restricted CAR-T survival and amplification.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
247,602 |
At a median follow-up of 16 months, 1-year and 2-year OS were 84.4% (95% CI: 73.5%–91.1%) and 76.3% (95% CI: 63.2%–84.2%), respectively, for the entire cohort (Figure 2a). For CROSS ineligible patients, 1-year and 2-year OS were 82% (95% CI: 61.8%–92.2%) and 72.7% (95% CI: 50.4%–86.2%), respectively. The 1-year and 2-year PFS of the entire cohort were 78.4% (95% CI: 65.5%–86.9%) and 66.1% (95% CI: 51.8%–77.1%) (Figure 2b). On univariate analysis, patients who had pathologically node negative disease had significantly better 2-year OS (85.7% versus 48.4%; HR: 1.13 (95% CI: 1.01–1.25) p = 0.03) as compared to pathologically node positive patients (Figure 2c). On univariate analysis, CROSS eligible patients (n = 33) had shown a trend towards improved 2-year PFS (74.3% versus 54.8%; HR: 2.29 (95% CI: 0.98–5.39) p = 0.05) as compared to patients who did not match the CROSS eligibility criteria; however, it could not reach any statistical significance (Figure 2d). On multivariate analysis using Cox regression model, not a single variable stood out to be significant prognostic factor for both OS and PFS. The detailed univariate and multivariate analysis of OS and PFS are shown in Tables 2 and 3.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
238,992 |
A comparison among MOWOATS, MOC-GaPBK, Semi-FeaClustMOO, MO-fuzzy, MOGA, SOM, and average linkage clustering techniques (Parraga-Alava, Dorn & Inostroza-Ponta, 2018) is presented in Table 6. These results present the mean Silhouette index values for each method averaged for 20 different runs. Results were obtained from running the algorithms over real-life gene expression datasets: Arabidopsis thaliana, Yeast Cell Cycle, Yeast Sporulation, and Human Fibroblasts Serum. The class labels of data objects in the datasets were not known in prior, so the algorithms were executed for different number of clusters K∈{4,5,6}.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
82,050 |
Initial elimination of invading pathogenic microorganism from human tissue is mediated by professional phagocytes. For efficient phagocytosis, neutrophils first need to leave the bloodstream and reach the site of infection, termed neutrophil recruitment. Furthermore, initiation of phagocytosis requires decoration of bacteria with opsonins that are recognized by specific surface receptors, of which process is termed opsonization of microbes. Lastly, neutrophils express numerous receptors that recognize microbe via binding its specific molecules and host proteins (such as IgG and complement), termed pathogen recognition.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
328,618 |
We thank the Editor for this opportunity, however note that our laboratory methods are described in detail in our previous publications (Dunne et al Lancet Glob Health 2018; Satzke et al Vaccine 2019; von Mollendorf et al Vaccine 2019) and are in accordance with the overarching guidelines of the WHO (Satzke et al Vaccine 2013).
| 1 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
298,863 |
Sugars are the main structural components of plants in addition to providing energy for growth and reproduction. Sucrose is the principal sugar transported from photosynthetic tissues to sink organs, such as fruits . Once in the fruit, sucrose may be hydrolysed into hexose (fructose and glucose) or may serve as a building block for carbohydrate polymer synthesis, such as starch or cellulose . Sucrose, fructose, and glucose are generally the most abundant sugars present in ripe fruits, and these directly impact their taste.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
363,728 |
The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of non-coding RNAs, has added complexity into cholesterol homeostasis through regulation of different key components in the system . miR-33a, an embedded intronic microRNAs, is located within SREBP2 gene . In a low sterol condition, akin to SREBP2, miR-33a is transcribed up to 2- to 3-fold higher to regulate cholesterol export and HDL metabolism gene by targeting ABCA1 for post-transcriptional repression . On the other hand, miR-223 controls cholesterol level by inhibiting the synthesis and enhancing the cholesterol efflux by elevating the expression of ABCA1 . miRNA-122 is highly expressed in hepatocytes, accounting for 70% of all liver miRNA . Inhibition of miRNA-122 substantially suppresses total plasma cholesterol . However, the direct target of miRNA-122 is yet to be elucidated . Apart from these miRNAs, miR-27a has been shown to specifically interact with HMGCR 3′ untranslated region to inversely regulate HMGCR expression by posttranslational inhibition followed by mRNA degradation . Strikingly, the application of genome-wide association studies has allowed the discovery of more miRNAs in abnormal levels of cholesterol-lipoprotein circulation, such as LDLR and ABCA1 . These mRNAs include miR-128-1, miR-148a, miR-130b, and miR-301b . Taken all together, these findings have suggested the potential involvement of miRNAs in regulation of cholesterol metabolism, and they may contribute to an abnormal cholesterol level if left unregulated.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
35,519 |
In the present study, we evaluated a modification to current extraction methods for lipids in microalgae, adding a water treatment between two successive solvent extraction stages. The first solvent extraction stage was performed under the same condition in both control and test groups for the four different methods, with total lipids of 26.7 ± 1.1% DW in control and 26.5 ± 2.6% DW in test for method A; 17.4 ± 0.6% DW in control and 16.7 ± 7.9% DW in test for method B; 28.8 ± 0.1% DW in control and 28.7 ± 0.6% DW in test for method C; 26.1 ± 3.9% DW in control and 24.1 ± 4.0% DW in test for method D (Fig. 1). With the water treatment, test groups reached significantly higher total lipid levels compared to control, after the second solvent extraction stage. The total lipids yield in test group (42.3 ± 0.2% DW) was 3.2-fold that in control group (13.3 ± 1.2% DW) using acetone, 1.9-fold using Chl/Met (24.1 ± 4.0% DW in test and 12.6 ± 0.1% DW in control), 2.9-fold using Chl/Met/H2O (39.3 ± 13.5% DW in test and 13.6 ± 1.1% DW in control) and 3.0-fold using Dic/Met (38.2 ± 0.6% DW in test and 12.6 ± 0.5% DW in control). Lipid extraction efficiency thus improved by 72.3, 35.8, 60.3 and 60.9% respectively for acetone, Chl/Met, Chl/Met/H2O and Dic/Met by adding a water treatment between the two solvent extraction stages, which usually performed successively.Fig. 1Total lipids extracted in stage 1 (black) and stage 2 (grey) for acetone method, Chl/Met method, Chl/Met/H2O method and Dic/Met method respectively, without (control) or with a water treatment (test)
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
146,623 |
We collected and segmented time-lapse movies of hkb−/− mutant embryos over the same time period as the control wild-type embryos (Figure 3 and Figure 3—figure supplement 1; Figure 3—videos 1–3). Whereas in wild-type embryos, at t ~ +40 min, most secretory cells of the salivary gland placode have already invaginated (Figure 3A’’’, B’’’ and C’’’), in the hkb−/− mutants no invagination had occurred yet (Figure 3D’’’, E’’’ and F’’’). Eventually, these embryos invaginated a dilated tube through an enlarged pit (see Figure 3—figure supplement 2). We analyzed the spatial distribution of apical area changes over time in wild-type and hkb−/− placodes (Figure 3G and H). In the wild-type, the area of strongest apical area constriction was always located in a position near the pit, similar to the distribution of medial myosin intensity and activity (Figure 2D and E). In contrast, in hkb−/− mutant placodes cells began to constrict in an aberrant central position from about t=+20–30 min (Figure 3G and H). Thus, hkb−/− mutants show a delayed central invagination pit compared to the eccentric pit observed in wild-type placodes (Figure 3(I)1’). For our further quantitative analyses, we now took this change to a central pit position in the mutants into account. We plotted cumulative apical area change for cells in hkb−/− mutant placodes, split into cells near the (now central) pit and cells far from the pit (at the placode periphery). This analysis showed that cells in hkb−/− mutant placodes located near the central pit started to constrict at a much slower rate than cells in wild-type placodes, and only from about t=+20 min on (Figure 3J, wild-type data reproduced from Figure 1E). In fact, the rate of the constriction of the central cells in hkb−/− mutants was very similar to that of the cells located at a distance to the pit in the wild-type (compare blue dashed and magenta solid curves), suggesting that the central cells in hkb−/− mutants continue to behave identical to the wild-type cells occupying the same position. Cells far from the central pit in hkb−/− mutants showed a slight apical area expansion up to t=+20 min followed by a slight constriction, but did not invaginate over the time interval shown in the plots. In agreement with the delayed central constriction of cells in hkb−/− mutant placodes, we found no accumulation of apical-medial actomyosin at the eccentric position where a pit forms in the wild-type (compare Figure 3E and K to Figure 2D). Instead, only at t~+40 min did a central group of cells in hkb−/− mutant placodes display increased accumulation of apical-medial myosin II (Figure 3K), inducing a shallow tissue bending in this region at this point (see also Figure 3—figure supplement 2).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
383,279 |
Additionally, we determined the expression of lincRNA-p21 after treatment with EVs to evaluate if lincRNA-p21 was also transferred to HUVECs. Our results showed that lincRNA-p21 expression increased significantly in HUVECs only after treatment with control-derived EVs, which were enriched in lincRNA-p21, in both cell lines (Figure 3L,M).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
175,643 |
Finally, in a previous sequential trial performed with 2298 patients with moderate-to-severe acute ischemic stroke, with patients randomly given citicoline (1000 mg every 12 h i.v. during the first 3 days and then orally, 500 mg bid, for a total of 6 weeks) or a placebo, Dávalos et al. failed to report a difference in the development of adverse drug reactions or drug interactions between citicoline and the placebo (Table 3). However, the safety of citicoline must be evaluated carefully for its use in pregnancy, lactation, and childhood .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
214,542 |
Development of a mathematical model to assess PARP1 dynamics at DNA lesions. (A) Based on specific biological assumptions, it is possible to build a model describing the different states of PARP1 in and out the DNA damage area as well as the exchange rates between these different states. (B) The model can be transcribed in a set of reaction-diffusion differential equations. (C) Solving the set of equations allows to predict the evolution of the spatio-temporal distribution of PARP1 within the nucleus in response to induction of DNA damage. (D) Based on this simulation, it is possible to obtain predicted recruitment kinetic curves. (E) These simulated recruitment curves can be fitted to the experimental ones. If the model is unable to fit the experimental data, a new model needs to be rebuilt. In contrast, if the model allows to properly fit the data, it is possible to estimate the parameters included in the model.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
294,866 |
The serum was collected after 3000×g centrifugation at 4°C for 15 min. Levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), hepatic triglyceride (TG), and hepatic total cholesterol (TC) were determined by corresponding kits (Jiancheng Biotech, Nanjing, China) according to the manufacturer protocol. Hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) levels, and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined by using ELISA kits (Beyotime, Shanghai, China). The values were normalized by protein content.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
138,269 |
Heatmaps showing pseudo-bulk data was generated using ComplexHeatmap R package36. The log(CPM) (counts per million) normalized expression for each sample for a given celltype was calculated by pooling cells as described in “c) Pseudobulk differential expression and gene set enrichment analysis”. Heatmaps are showing z-score of the normalized expression for each gene in each sample.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
46,260 |
Figure 14 shows the relative error of the cantilever’s top surface strain obtained respectively by theoretical analysis and FEM with the vibration frequency and acceleration set as 500 Hz and 100 g. It can be seen that the relative error is less than 2.5% and it decreases with the y-coordinate increasing. However, it hardly changes with the x-coordinate. The error comes from the simplification of the theoretical model. The cantilever is simplified as a Bernoulli-Euler Cantilever and only displacement in Z-axis direction is considered. However, displacement in X-axis and Y-axis directions is also considered in FEM. So the result of the theoretical analysis cannot fit the result of the FEM completely.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
382,492 |
As both 10-1653 and 10-1651 were ura3, the kudvarum hybrids were auxotrophic for uracil. To produce three-species cekudvarum hybrids with the method described in Sipiczki (2019), one of them (II/6) was mass-mated with the heterothallic leucine-auxotrophic S. cerevisiae strain 10-170. Although the kudvarum parent proved to be inactive in the mating tests, we presumed that their mating block was not absolute and mating-competent allodiploid cells might occasionally be produced during vegetative propagation. This assumption was based on the observations that heterozygous MATa/MATalpha S. cerevisiae cells converted at very low frequency to homozygous cells capable of mating (“rare mating”) by mitotic gene conversion (Gunge and Nakatomi 1972). As expected, a few prototrophic colonies appeared on the selective medium when larger samples of the mass-mated mixed population were spread on the plates. The karyotypes of these colonies had bands characteristic of the S. cerevisiae parent in addition to the kudvarum bands (Fig. 1a) and their cells did not conjugate with cells of the parental strains. To reinforce the karyotyping results, we also examined the FUS1 genes located on Chr III (between MAT and the centromere) in the genomes of the parental species (Scannel et al. 2011). The PCR–RFLP analysis detected all the three orthologues in the prototrophic colonies. The prototrophic phenotype, the presence of characteristic chromosomal bands of three parental strains and the presence of all parental versions of the FUS1 marker implied that these colonies were allotriploid cekudvarum hybrids. The FUS1 genotype and the lack of mating competence further indicated that they had heterozygous MAT genotypes.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
94,948 |
Our methods and results advance our understanding of the network configuration defined by structural relationships within REMIT-PTSD patients and may offer therapeutic targets for PTSD. Cortical thickness networks, specifically centrality of the right subcallosal gyrus, left frontal pole, and right superior frontal sulcus, differ between remitted PTSD, current PTSD diagnosis, and trauma exposure without PTSD. Our findings in REMIT-PTSD show enhanced structural connectivity that may represent a marker of resilience by promoting symptom remission through a recovery of network topology to a premorbid configuration or a compensatory re-organization of network topology with comparable centrality features.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
233,353 |
WT: Conceptualization, formal analysis, project administration, and drafted and revised the manuscript. TM and WT: Methodology, data curation, visualization. TM, BRS, AM, and PB: Investigation. TM: Software and the first draft of the manuscript. SS: Supervision. WT and SS: Validation. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
87,616 |
Influence of the dosing schedule of methotrexate on arthritis scores in collagen‐induced arthritis rats after the first immunization. methotrexate was orally administered at a dose of 7.0 mg/kg once weekly (closed triangle), 2.33 mg/kg thrice weekly (closed diamond) and 1.0 mg/kg once daily (open circle) for 3 weeks. Sodium bicarbonate was administered to the control group (closed square). Each value represents the mean ± SD (n = 6). An arrow showed start date of methotrexate administration. **P < 0.01 vs the control group, ## P < 0.01 vs the once‐weekly group, † P < 0.05 vs the thrice‐weekly group. The inhibition of arthritis was the greatest in the once‐daily group among all the dosing groups tested.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
33,268 |
Plasma or serum samples from subjects at the same time points before and after vaccination were measured for soluble CD14 (sCD14), CXCL-13 using standard ELISA assays according to manufacturer's instructions (Quantikine® ELISA, R & D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) and for the following chemokines and cytokines: IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-15, IL-17A, IL-21, TNF-α, and IFN-γ using the Luminex xMap platform multiplex assay (EMD Millipore, Billerica, MA). TNF-α and IL-6 levels were furthered confirmed by standard ELISA kits (R&D). Quantitative assessment of hepatitis B surface antibody titer was performed using the MONOLISA™ assay (BioRad, Hercules, CA) according manufacturer instructions.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
272,312 |
All slides submitted to immunohistochemistry reactions were counterstained with Meyer’s hematoxylin for 30 s at room temperature and dehydrated in baths with increasing concentrations of ethyl alcohol. Subsequently, the slides were immerged in xylene and assembled with a non-aqueous resin solution (Canada Balsam).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
97,571 |
Twelve young, healthy individuals (nine males/three females, age (mean ± standard deviation) 28.7 ± 4.1 years, BMI (body mass index) 23.2 ± 2.6 kg/m2, no professional athletes) agreed to participate in the dynamic part of this study and signed a consent form approved by the institutional ethical board. Each volunteer lay supine on the ergometer, inside the MR system, with the RF coil strapped below their right calf. The knee of the volunteers was fully extended during the dynamic examination (2 min rest, 6 min exercise and 6 min recovery) to ensure a major involvement of the gastrocnemius muscles and only a minor contribution of the SOL muscle to the exercise performed.20, 21, 22 The volunteers performed plantar flexions at a workload set to about 25–35% of the maximal voluntary contraction force, once every T R (2 s). The exercise was synchronized with the data acquisition based on an audio signal, so that the MRSI data were acquired when the calf muscle was relaxed. In addition, five of the recruited male volunteers underwent a second dynamic examination with the knee flexed at about 60°. In this leg position the SOL muscle is expected to be involved more than the two gastrocnemii.20 This second examination was performed at least 20 min after the first one, to ensure sufficient metabolic recovery.36 Two additional spiral‐MRSI measurements were performed at rest in two of these subjects in order to acquire representative flip angle maps37 in both leg positions.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
47,391 |
To further investigate the role of H4K16ac in meiosis, several meiotic events were analyzed in H4-K16R (non-acetylatable) and H4-K16Q (mimicking constitutive acetylation) mutants, both in a wild-type (unperturbed meiosis) and a zip1 background (triggering meiotic checkpoint activation). The kinetics of meiotic nuclear divisions was monitored by DAPI staining of nuclei. Dityrosine fluorescence, a specific component of mature spores, was used as a semi-quantitative indicator for sporulation efficiency. Finally, spore viability that reflects the fidelity of meiotic chromosome segregation and the integrity of the spore genome was determined by tetrad dissection. In an otherwise wild-type background, the H4-K16R and H4-K16Q single mutants showed no or little meiotic defects (Figure 2). The progression through meiosis was normal (Figure 2B, S1A) and resulted in the formation of mature dityrosine-containing spores (Figure 2A) with a high viability similar to that of the wild type (Figure 2C). These observations suggest that normal regulation of H4K16ac is dispensable in unperturbed meiosis.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
389,685 |
This study employed a cross-sectional research design, and elderly people who were undergoing health examinations at the Tri-Service General Hospital were recruited between March 2017 and August 2017. The recruiting method involved voluntary participation. All the subjects did not consume alcohol for at least 48 h, perform vigorous exercise for at least 12 h, or consume a meal or drink for at least 12 h prior to the examination. The subjects were also required to empty their bladder immediately before the BIA measurement. Interviewers who were trained in administering standardized interviews explained the purpose of the study to the study subjects and obtained consent from the subjects who signed the IRB consent form (TSGH- 2–102–05–028), which was approved by the institutional review board of Tri-service General Hospital before the interviews were carried out. Structured questionnaires were used to obtain basic demographic data from the study subjects. Next, BIA measurements were performed in the morning to obtain BIA body composition data. Afterwards, the patients underwent systemic DXA scans to obtain DXA body composition data. These two measurements were completed within 30 min at the health examination center. The exclusion criteria were patients with missing data, a BMI >50 kg/m2, pacemakers, or electronic medical devices and patients who underwent amputation or knee replacement surgery. Figure 1 shows the screening process: 504 elderly people were selected as study subjects. After patients were excluded based on the exclusion criteria, a total of 438 elderly people were included in the study. Two repeated InBody 720 measurements of 106 study subjects were taken. Then, the data of the 438 elderly people were divided into 2 groups. The data from the 354 elderly people who participated in the study before 1 July were included in the prediction group, while the data from the 84 elderly people who participated after 1 July were included in the validation group. The data from the prediction group were used as training data, while the data from the validation group were used as test data.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
115,143 |
To prevent fatal immunological reactions after organ transplantation in humans, it is essential that the organ donor and recipient are compatible in terms of ABO blood group1–3. Ensuring donor and recipient ABO blood group compatibility is also important when using experimental animal models of transplantation to evaluate potential immunotherapeutic strategies4–6. This is particularly true for models with nonhuman primates, which express the same ABH specificities of the human ABO blood group system7.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
115,207 |
Zirconia nanopowders have attracted considerable attention due to their mechanical, electric, thermal, and optical properties offering diverse applications such as catalysts , high temperature and corrosion resistant coatings , chemical sensors [3–5], radiation detectors , biological labeling , switchable mirrors or filters , etc. Pure and/or Y-stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ) demonstrate different emission bands in visible spectral range that make such materials suitable for white light-emitting devices [9–11]. The YSZ ceramics exhibit specific characteristics such as superplasticity at low temperatures. Besides, the YSZ shows high ionic conductivity at elevated temperatures [12, 13], high chemical inertness, thermal stability, and hardness that allowed these materials to be used as electrolytes in solid oxide fuel cells [13, 15] and thermal barriers .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
5,417 |
The outcomes of the present study revealed that irrigation with 1% NaOCl during 1 h (reapplied every 5 min) yielded higher µTBS of XeNO III selfetching system to dentin. A probable explanation for this fact is the superficial morphology of dentin treated with NaOCl, which does not remove the smear layer and expose the dentinal tubules9. The self-etching adhesive system has modified phosphoric acid on its composition (with high initial acidity) that incorporates the smear layer available on surface and forms the hybrid layer, increasing the bond resistance. Another factor that could justify the higher adhesion results can be related to the residual presence of water in the adhesive interface25.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
8,721 |
The majority of studies of the α-T protective effect on nerve cells is performed using micromolar concentrations. At the same time, nanomolar α-tocotrienol was found to increase the viability of both hippocampal neurons and cells of the HT4 hippocampal cell line exposed to glutamate; its effect was shown to depend on the inhibition of 12-lipoxygenase and phospholipase A2 . Data on the protective effect of α-T at nanomolar concentrations on nerve cells and cells of neuronal cell lines are not abundant . The protective effect of 250 nM α-T against 10 mM glutamate-induced death of immature brain cortical neurons was shown to be much less pronounced than the protective effect of 2.5 µM α-T . It was also shown that long preincubation (18–24 h) with α-T at nanomolar concentrations increased its protective effect in rat brain cortical neurons and PC12 cells. The protective effect of nanomolar α-T against the H2O2-induced death of brain cortical neurons or PC12 cells was comparable with the protective effect of micromolar α-T after preincubation for 18–24 h.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
28,008 |
The mechanism of 5-FU cytotoxicity has been in debate since its initial development as a chemotherapeutic agent. Previous studies have shown that 5-FU treatment alters several RNA-mediated processes, including snRNA pseudouridylation, pre-mRNA splicing and rRNA biogenesis . However, to date, the effects of 5-FU treatment on the maintenance of translational fidelity were not well documented. The only in vivo evidence for altered translation upon 5-FU treatment came from E. coli . Here, we present evidence that 5-FU treatment severely alters translational recoding in mammalian cells, in particular, +1 and −1 programmed frameshifting, nonsense suppression, and cap-independent translation. Interestingly, the ability to properly engage in cap-dependent translation remained unaffected. In addition, we show that 5-FU is capable of inhibiting rRNA pseudouridylation, a modification that is known to be important for translational recoding . Our results therefore argue that at least a portion of 5-FU cytotoxicity can be attributed to inhibition of rRNA pseudouridylation and alterations in translational recoding efficiency. It should be noted that the experiments presented here were carried out in SW480 cells (which model colon cancer), and that the extent of RNA- versus DNA-mediated effects of 5-FU may vary between cell lines.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
249,904 |
Larvae of Mamestra brassicae were kindly provided by Pieter Rouweler from the Entomology Department at Wageningen University. Pseudomonas putida (NCCB26044) was purchased from The Netherlands Culture Collection of Bacteria. Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas viridiflava were kindly provided by Dr. Paolina Garbeva (Kurm et al. 2019). Alternaria alternata (CBS 102.47) strain was purchased from the collection of the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, and Botrytis cinerea was kindly provided by Dr. Jan van Kan (Van Kan et al. 2017).
| 1 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
367,253 |
Let us now consider a P-requirement \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$R=P_e^U$$\end{document}R=PeU (the case \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$R=P_{e}^{V}$$\end{document}R=PeV is similar). The strategy for \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$P^U_e$$\end{document}PeU consists in seeing if we can define U, V so that there are distinct \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$u,v\in W_e^{U}$$\end{document}u,v∈WeU of the same parity, and u, v can be V-collapsed without injuring higher priority restraints. It sets up a restraint asking that the initial segment \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$r_{R,U}$$\end{document}rR,U of the characteristic function of U, sufficient to keep \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$u,v\in W_e^{U}$$\end{document}u,v∈WeU, be preserved.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
150,520 |
Life-space mobility was assessed with the University of Alabama at Birmingham Study of Aging LSA (Baker et al., 2003), which reflects the frequency and independence of mobility through different life-space levels during the preceding 4 weeks. Life-space levels start from the person’s bedroom and extend to other rooms, yard, neighborhood, town, and beyond town. Participants were asked whether they have moved in these life-space areas during the preceding 4 weeks, and if so, how often and whether they needed help from any devices or another person. A composite score (range 0–120) was used in the present analyses with higher scores indicating greater life-space mobility. The validity and reliability of the measure have been established among older people in Finland (Portegijs, Iwarsson, Rantakokko et al., 2014).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
147,462 |
Luteinising hormone (LH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) belong to the glycoprotein hormone family. They consist of noncovalently associated α- and β-subunits . Prostate cancer cells are known to express specific LH/CG (CG: chorionic gonadotropin) and luteinising hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) receptors .
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
200,967 |
Our results suggest that progesterone, but not allopregnanolone, affects the maturity of the cervix. Cervical maturation is a key sign in preterm labour. 51 Previous attempts to clarify the effect of progesterone on cervical maturation have shown a complex picture, suggesting that progesterone is involved in cervix maturation. 52 , 53 In humans, the concentration of progesterone in the myometrium during pregnancy does not differ in patients with different types of labour (induced or spontaneous) or with the contractile activity of the myometrium. Therefore, the expression of the myometrial oxytocin receptor in vivo does not seem to be related to the progesterone concentration in the myometrium. 54 An earlier in vitro study showed that progesterone reduces the amount of muscular work performed per contraction, but that its metabolite, allopregnanolone, does not have the same effect and does not seem to inhibit the contractions of the human term myometrium. Moreover, none of these substances affect the duration of contractions. 10 Our results suggest that the peripheral blood level of allopregnanolone did not directly affect the cervix in premature labour, either in the control group or in the TPL group.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
378,012 |
On the other hand, the liquid wetting state on rough solid is Wenzel state, which means the apparent contact angle channel θa and intrinsic contact angle θe yields to Wenzel’s relation (1)cosθa=rcosθe where r is the ratio of actual area to projected area. For hydrophilic rough surface, we have θe<π/2 and r>1, which implies θa>θe. A more wettable surface is formed due to the roughness, leading to a faster liquid transport speed on the structured STC channel.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
105,940 |
To model translation with ribosome drop off, we use the MFALK with γi = 0 (i.e. no backwards motion) and βi = 0 (i.e. no attachment to internal sites along the chain) for all i. Changing the values of the αis allows to model and analyze the effect of ribosome drop off at different sites along the mRNA molecule. We assume that λi>0,foralli,(26) as otherwise the chain decouples into two smaller, disconnected chains. Note that Eq (26) implies that the conditions in Proposition 3 hold, so the model is SO on Cn w.r.t. the L1 norm, and thus admits a unique globally asymptotically stable steady-state e ∈ int(Cn).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
181,839 |
Hence, knowing the level of practices helps to undertake appropriate measures to improve child feeding practice that in turn improve nutritional status of children through this essential time of child growth and development. As a result, the study aimed The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of appropriate complementary feeding practices among mothers having 6–23 months children, from Feb.-march 2020 and associated factors in Shashemene town. The findings will aid in the promotion of appropriate complementary feeding and will serve as baseline data for any concerned bodies.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
250,740 |
Cells were harvested, resuspended in 0.5 ml binding buffer, and incubated with Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/PI dual stain (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) for 20 min and determined by flow cytometry. The assays were repeated three times. Cells negative for both PI and Annexin V were considered viable cells. PI-negative and Annexin V-positive cells were considered early apoptotic cells. PI-positive and Annexin V-positive cells were considered dead cells.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
42,972 |
One differentiating feature revealed by transcriptional analyses is that intermediate monocytes express high levels of message from major histocompatility complex class II (MHCII) antigen processing and presentation genes [7, 8], compared to the classical and non-classical subsets. Constitutively expressed by professional antigen presenting cells (APCs), MHCII molecules, HLA-DR, -DQ, and -DP in humans, present peptides derived from endogenous or exogenous proteins. The biosynthetic pathway of MHCII molecules begins in the endoplasmic reticulum, where a dedicated chaperone, invariant chain (Ii), interacts with newly synthesized MHCII heterodimers, stabilizing them and preventing premature loading of ligands into the MHCII groove. MHCII/Ii complexes travel to endosomal compartments where Ii is digested by proteases, leaving a residual nested set of fragments called class II-associated Ii peptide, or CLIP, in the peptide-binding groove. In late endosomal compartments, CLIP is released and exchanged for other peptides. For most alleles, this exchange requires the action of HLA-DM, an MHCII homolog that also stabilizes empty MHCII and edits the peptide repertoire in favor of tight-binding peptides . MHCII/peptide complexes interact with αβ T cell receptors on CD4+ T cells, to trigger adaptive immune responses.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
314,578 |
The relevance of the SHR supplemented with testosterone as a model for lower urinary tract symptoms resulting from BPH is confirmed by the present study. Indeed, the SHR supplemented with testosterone i) showed prostate enlargement, a diagnostic criterion for human BPH and ii) displayed bladder hyperactivity characterized by a decrease in intercontraction interval, bladder capacity, voided volume and average voiding flow rate along with an increase in the frequency of non-voiding detrusor contractions during the filling phase. These urodynamic changes, along with the hypertrophy of the detrusor wall associated with mechanical obstruction caused by prostate enlargement and a previously described increase in urethral and prostate smooth muscle tone in SHR mimics bladder dysfunction in symptomatic BPH/LUTS patients.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
102,919 |
In conclusion, we found that the NH2-terminal head domain of KRT19 bound to the COOH-terminal domain of HER2 in HER2-activated lung cancer; this process induces HER2 phosphorylation and the subsequent activation of Erk. These findings suggest that KRT19 could be a therapeutic target for lung cancer. Further studies may lead to establish a new therapeutic strategy targeting KRT19 and HER2 in HER2-activated malignant tumors including lung cancer.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
347,606 |
Despite calls for investment in health worker training to be supported by instructive monitoring and evaluation [17, 18], there remain few published evaluations of African-based nurse education programmes. Qualitative evaluations predominate . While the WHO and others advise that education programme evaluation should include longer-term follow up and consider not only graduate output, but also the situation of graduates post-training [17, 18], published evaluations commonly focus on the activity of a single institution, a short period of programme activity, and/or the experiences of a single student year group. With rare exceptions , few published evaluations present data analysing student throughput or demographics in-depth. Longer-term programme impacts remain under-explored, which limits opportunities to learn lessons about educational programmes seeking to support nursing workforce strengthening.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
301,535 |
Photopolymerization experiments. The photopolymerization experiments were carried out using real-time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (RT-FTIR). The kinetics of photopolymerization were carried out with a time-resolved Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (JASCO 4100 series) to evaluate the absorbance decrease of acrylate, epoxy, vinyl, and thiol functional groups at 1636 cm−1, 842 cm−1, 1645 cm−1, and 2560 cm−1, respectively. Formulations were deposited on a BaF2 pellet and were irradiated in laminate (with the addition of a transparent polypropylene film on the top of the photosensitive layer) or under air upon LED@385 and @405nm irradiation at room temperature.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
252,959 |
As the positive roles of mass awareness and media are reported from several studies, promotion and incorporation of effective media/programs and routine trainings to HCWs are highly recommended. The importance of education and mass awareness in promoting the rational use of antibiotics are also supported by several previous studies in Nepal82,83 in India83 and in Europe84.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
187,029 |
For the evaluation of the developed AI, we evaluated its diagnosis accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity using 40 images of distal radius fractures, 20 images of normal wrists, 20 images of fractures of the styloid process of the ulna, and 30 images of a normal styloid process of the ulna. We used the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under curve (AUC) to evaluate the diagnostic ability. The time required for the process, which includes the extraction of the input data from the simple X-ray DICOM data and the diagnosis by the AI, was evaluated.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
70,929 |
Abnormal osteogenic activity in cranial SMCs is generally considered a common cause of craniosynostosis. Hence, we isolated mesenchymal cells from the fused and unfused sutures of patients with nonsyndromic monosutural craniosynostosis to investigate disease pathogenesis. Flow cytometry was first used to characterize the identity of isolated cell populations. Results showed that greater than 90% of SMCs from both fused and unfused sutures expressed typical human MSC markers including CD90, CD105, and CD73 (Fig. 1A). Expression levels of these markers were similar between fused and unfused SMCs (Fig. 1B). To further characterize these cells, we examined the expression of the osteogenic markers ALP, BSP, and COL1-A1 by qPCR. Indeed, these markers were expressed in isolated SMCs and no significant differences in expression levels were observed between the fused and unfused cranial SMCs, indicating that they have osteogenic capability and exist in a similar osteogenic differentiation state (Fig. 1B). However, the isolated fused and unfused SMCs gradually lost growing capability within 2 months.Figure 1Characterization of the fused and unfused cranial SMCs. (A) Cell surface antigen phenotyping of human calvarial SMCs. Flow cytometric analysis showing the surface expression of CD90, CD105, and CD73, indicative of a mesenchymal immunophenotype, on both fused and unfused SMCs. PE: PE-labeled negative multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) cocktail; control: negative control group. (B) Expression of the mesenchymal markers CD90, CD105, and CD73, as well as expression of the osteogenic markers ALP and BSP, and the chondrogenic marker COL1-A1 in fused and unfused SMCs, as determined by qPCR. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
293,783 |
Since our result show that MX2 can regulate XAF1 expression, we also tested whether XAF1 can form a feedback loop with MX2 as it was proposed for other proteins. 33 siRNA‐mediated knockdown of XAF1 followed by the IFNα treatment did not alter MX2 expression or STAT1 phosphorylation status placing XAF1 as a downstream effector of these proteins (Figure 3E). Furthermore, when we checked tyr701 phosphorylation of STAT1 in the same cell line panel as above, we did not observe any clear association with XAF1 protein expression (Figure [Link], [Link]) again suggesting that XAF1 expression might be regulated by MX2 independently of STAT1.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
220,778 |
In this cross-sectional study, we assessed the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection via serological testing for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. A total of 1300 persons, who were at an increased risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 (i.e., healthcare workers, education staff, and supermarket employees), were invited to participate in a free employer-sponsored SARS-CoV-2 serology assessment between 28 September 2020 and 30 December 2020.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
61,225 |
Recent studies suggested that patients with typical left bundle branch block (LBBB) ECG morphology derive the most benefit from CRT [4, 5]. Although right ventricular pacing could trigger similar ventricular dyssynchrony to LBBB, data are scarce regarding the benefits of upgrading to CRT in patients with previously implanted cardiac pacemaker or ICD systems.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
263,136 |
All patients were on stable treatment with DMARDs for at least 6 months, comprising b/tsDMARDs (N = 300), alone or in combination with conventional treatment, and csDMARDs alone (N = 58) (mainly methotrexate) (Table 1). Among targeted therapies, anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), anti-interleukin-6 receptor (IL6R) and Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen-4 immunoglobulin fusion proteins (CTLA4-Ig) were the most commonly used (48.3, 11.7, and 9.8%, respectively). Approximately one-third of the patients were on concurrent chronic treatment with glucocorticoids (GC, mean dose 4 mg daily, prednisone equivalent). The majority of enrolled patients had a long-term established disease (median disease duration 15 years).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
342,046 |
As an NMDA receptor blocker, memantine has an antioxidant effect by blocking calcium entry, affecting intracellular signaling pathways (Flores et al., 2011; Annweiler and Beauchet, 2012; Gubandru et al., 2013; Lee et al., 2018). Memantine decreased the level of MDA, which is the final product of polyunsaturated fatty acid peroxidation, in all brain tissue samples and decreased GSH and GR levels but increased CAT levels in the cerebrum in this study.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
236,966 |
As a transcription factor, SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) belongs to the SOX family and is involved in many physiological and pathological processes, such as cell growth, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis of tumor cells (5, 6). Studies showed that SOX9 is highly expressed and could predict prognosis in many kinds of tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma, colon cancer, and other cancer tissues (7, 8). There are also some reports about the role of SOX9 in GC patients. Mesquita et al. (9) reported that SOX9 expression was not related to the clinicopathologic characteristics but was a biomarker of relapse in GC patients. The prognostic significance of SOX9 expression in GC patients remains controversial. Choi et al. (10) found that SOX9 could not serve as a prognostic biomarker for GC patients. Richtig et al. (7) found that SOX9 high expression was a predictor of poor 5-year overall survival (OS) of GC. Until now, there is still no meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between SOX9 expression and clinicopathological and prognostic value of GC. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) analysis to investigate the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of SOX9 expression in GC patients.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
25,745 |
Fixation density map with averaged fixations of all participants during the encoding phase for one example object arrangement. On the right side, the task-relevant objects of the experiment are depicted (butter dish, ceiling lamp, clock, espresso cooker, vase, Vegemite jar). Participants show higher fixation frequencies for these task-relevant objects than for the remaining task-irrelevant objects.
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
|
354,481 |
The mixed logistic regression model showed evidence of a difference between the teaching modes in favor of individual instruction, yielding OR 1.88 (95% CI 1.41-2.52; P<.001) for correct vital sign perception after individual instruction. Moreover, the model displayed very strong evidence for the superiority of Visual Patient, with OR 3.03 (95% CI 2.50-3.70; P<.001) for correct vital sign perception with the Visual Patient (Table 2).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
163,671 |
This qualitative interview study has identified behavioural determinants influencing uptake and adherence to a whey protein supplement for the management of type 2 diabetes. This study highlights the importance of providing clear information of the benefits of the supplement in general, as well as tailoring information on the benefits to individual needs and preferences. Availability of the supplement in a variety of flavours and serving formats, provision of feedback on the effects of the supplement, use of self-regulation techniques to prompt daily consumption, and integration of the supplement into an everyday eating routine were reported to maximise adherence. Participants did not report any significant side effects, indicating that the whey protein supplement in a small, ready-to-drink beverage, could be a viable self-management approach for people with type 2 diabetes.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
309,094 |
Mutational inactivation of HIV-1 by the gene editing CRISPR/Cas9 technique to disrupt the HIV genome is also promising . Unfortunately, a major off-target of the gene editing strategy is the rise of unwanted gene mutations and chromosomal translocations . Indeed, preliminary results of gene editing trials using CRISPR/Cas9 technique showed that the virus was able to subvert the DNA repair machinery to rapidly evolve into CRISPR/Cas9 resistant strains [25–28]. In order to circumvent the emergence of resistant strains a variant of the CRISPR/Cas9 technology was developed inducing reactivation or deep latency in latently infected cells . The method makes use of a defective Cas9 (dCas9) protein fused to virus activators or repressors in view of specific reactivation of latently-infected cells or suppressing HIV-1 expression, respectively . These experiments showed reactivation of HIV expression in CD4 + T cells and in microglial cell lines . Remarkably, CRISPR/dCas9 when associated with HDAC inhibitors and PKC activators reactivated HIV in a synergistic manner .
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
181,324 |
Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM of three or four experiments performed on different days and carried out in quadruplicate unless otherwise indicated. Comparisons were made between control and treated groups or the entire intragroup using one-way ANOVA or two-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test using GraphPad Prism 7.0 (GraphPad-Software, La Jolla, CA, USA) .
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.