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Safety can be defined as the state of being free from unacceptable risks which can potentially cause damages to humans, environment or properties . Public safety is very important in industrial environments especially in high-risk fields such as oil and gas, chemical industry or nuclear reactor plants where any event or accident can lead to catastrophic consequences both for humans, i.e., the workers and/or those who are living in the surrounding areas, and for the environment. These kinds of scenarios are typically categorized as Factories at Major Accident Risk (FMAR). A mapping of the most frequent major accidents in this context has been produced in Italy in 2013 by the ISPRA (Istituto superiore per la protezione e la ricerca ambientale—High Institute for Environmental Protection and Research) and they are mainly due to release of dangerous substances (liquid or gas), fires, and explosions. The possible causes are several, such as machinery or piping break up, watertight loss, tanks overfill, mistakes during the handling procedures, submission of material on already filled cans, blending of incompatible materials, valves break up, accidental falls or vehicle collisions, and, more generally, spillover of cisterns.
| 2 | 2other
| 1Other
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377,889 |
The ELISA kits used in this study were unable to differentiate between antibody responses to natural infections and vaccination. However, because only one farrowing source was vaccinated for M. hyopneumoniae and the corresponding groups were not included in the analyses, the seropositivity observed in the high seropositivity groups can be largely assumed to be from maternal antibodies in the early stages of production and natural infection later in life. These results may help to encourage vaccination in post-weaning pigs, when the interaction between maternal antibodies and vaccine antigens is minimized .
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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138,342 |
Minimal detectable change in our study was higher (5.0°–6.5°) as compared to the results of Williams, Caserta & Haines (2013) (2.2°–4.4°), Gosse et al. (2021) (2.10°–5.7°) and Banwell et al. (2019) (2.4°–5.0°). In the studies where universal classical goniometer was used to measure ankle dorsiflexion ROM in the weight-bearing position (Konor et al., 2012; Dickson et al., 2012), minimal detectable change was 5° to 7.7°, which does not deviate significantly from our results, nor is the difference clinically significant. A literature review conducted by Zunko & Puh (2016) revealed that minimal detectable change was smallest in studies where they used liquid gravity goniometers (1.5°–3.9°) (Bennell et al., 1998; Dickson et al., 2012; Cejudo et al., 2014) or mobile goniometer applications (2.2°–5.2°) (Williams, Caserta & Haines, 2013). In the study by Konor et al. (2012), Cejudo et al. (2014) and our study, reliability was evaluated for both legs, and in the study by Williams, Caserta & Haines (2013) reliability was performed only for the right leg and in study by Dickson et al. (2012) and Bennell et al. (1998) reliability was performed only for the left leg.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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322,976 |
I always kept in consideration God, even during the period when I only used drugs, when I would beg to get the money, I would still share the drugs with those who couldn’t afford it. I was a boy, I could collect rubbish, I could beg, but a girl, can she collect rubbish? Can she beg for money without risk? In these times of ours a girl who asks for money to anyone can be taken away, don’t you know?
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
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179,756 |
Cells at a density of 2 × 104 cells/well were added onto Ti disks (n = 6 per group) and cultured for 3, 5, and 7 days. At each time point, samples were rinsed thrice with PBS and then incubated at 37 °C for 2 h according to the manufacture’s instruction of CCK-8 assay. The absorbance was noted as shown above.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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182,574 |
The analytical methods for DEHP metabolites and BPA were tested and validated during an Inter-laboratory Comparison Investigation (ICI) and External Quality Assurance Scheme (EQUAS) organized within the framework of the HBM4EU project (https://www.hbm4eu.eu/online-library/?mdocs-cat=mdocs-cat-20&mdocs-att=null#, accessed on 20 December 2021). Laboratories from 16 countries were invited to participate to the blind analyses of urine samples for phthalates and bisphenols. Table 5 reports the results for the analyses conducted in our laboratory for low and high concentration of DEHP metabolites and bisphenol A in urine samples.
| 3 | 0biomedical
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128,225 |
For biological analyses, the samples (lyophilized biomass of each in vitro culture and dried herb of a soil-grown plant).were extracted twice in methanol in an ultrasonic bath (Polsonic 3, Warsaw, Poland) at a sample/methanol ratio of 1/40. The extracts were centrifuged, and the resulting supernatant was placed in crystallizers and dried at room temperature to a constant mass.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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267,583 |
Further complications for drug development include a reliance on the animal models that have been invaluable in furthering our understanding of cardiac physiology, yet fall short of replicating human disease (Bugger & Abel, 2014). Therapeutic intervention has also been hampered by the common issue among pharmacological agents under development of unacceptable off target cardiotoxicity.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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337,226 |
Some interesting observation suggested that TAG accumulation is linked to the development of caseum-induced tolerance (Sarathy et al., 2018). During infection, the interaction between M. tuberculosis and host factors induces remodeling of tissue that generates typical lesions of chronic inflammation known as granulomas. With the progression of the infection, the center of granulomas undergoes a process of remodeling implying the accumulation of necrotic material with formation of cheese-like necrotic material known as caseum, that eventually may liquefy leading to the process of cavitation. Liquefied caseum that reaches an adjacent airway stimulates the cough reflex facilitating bacterial dissemination (Marakalala et al., 2016). Granulomas caseous centers represent a pro-inflammatory environment characterized by anoxia and the presence of several proteins and lipids deriving from cellular necrosis, as well as reactive oxygen species, pro-inflammatory eicosanoids, and antimicrobial peptides (Marakalala et al., 2016; Seto et al., 2019). Sarathy et al. (2018) showed that M. tuberculosis residing in caseum is not able to replicate and become highly tolerant to several first‐ and second-line anti tubercular drugs following a trend similar to that observed in in vitro models of non-replicative M. tuberculosis based on hypoxia or starvation. Even if the mechanism leading to caseum-induced tolerance is not fully identified, the accumulation of TAG droplets in caseum-residing bacilli suggests that in these environment bacteria, probably due to anoxia, ROS, and antimicrobial peptides induce tgs1, which leads to their hibernation by reducing their metabolism and growth rate. Bacteria found in sputum, which mainly derive by necrotic caseus material, are rich in TAG droplets and are highly tolerant to antibacterial drugs, suggesting that tolerance acquired in caseum is clinically relevant (Dhillon et al., 2014; Barr et al., 2016; Turapov et al., 2016).
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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357,061 |
We can simulate the lattice temperature of TLG under laser irradiation using the three-dimensional finite element method to solve the heat diffusion equation (see “Materials and methods”). The calculated lattice temperature is in good agreement with that determined from Raman spectroscopy, as shown in Fig. 6b. Notably, we did not observe any Raman signature of defects in TLG after laser irradiation below 20 mW. As shown in Fig. S12, the D band only appears at the edges of TLG under 50 mW laser irradiation47,48. In addition, the Raman spectrum of irradiated graphene still shows the characteristics of TLG without any signature of bilayer or monolayer graphene. We attribute the absence of laser-induced defects and thinning effects in graphene to the relatively low power density of the laser and the presence of the SiO2/Si substrate. The substrate plays a crucial role as a heat sink for graphene, providing additional channels for heat dissipation.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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328,862 |
In addition, it is still unclear how the analysis was performed on the reads, while the methods paragraph quoted above would suffice, later in the response to reviewers (reviewer 2, point 9) Ion Reporter is mentioned and strongly implies the reads were processed in some way on that platform. However, no mention of Ion Reporter is made in the manuscript. In addition, use of Ion Reporter would explain how the identity calls made from the multiple hypervariable regions were combined, but the authors still have not addressed this question in the response to reviewers or the manuscript (reviewer 1, point 1b).
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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106,344 |
In Experiment A, only one variety of biofortified cassava (TMS 01/1371) was used. The initial raw material was the same for all of the commercial processors. The root supply (500kg of roots) was from a field belonging to HarvestPlus at Ikenne (6◦86N, 3◦71E) . TMS 01/1371 roots were harvested approximately 12 months after planting.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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257,802 |
A pilot study was conducted to test the feasibility and practicality of the study. A total of 20 subjects, who are healthcare providers responsible for oral care for elderly in LTC institutions, were recruited. A test-retest reliability was performed, indicating that the subjects would be required to fill in the KAP questionnaire on the first time and about 10 to 14 days later .
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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138,885 |
Starting with one of the most representative compounds, water has its signal located around 960–970 nm or 934–975 nm , depending on that reported by the authors. Most of them agree that, the less in-seed content of water, the more the reflectance achieved . In this experiment treatments including non-primed seeds stored less water because of the spectra higher reflectance. These findings were already reported by Lara et al. , except for lettuce leaves subjected to salinity.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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126,138 |
β-pinene (100 mg/kg, i.p.) increased mobility in the forced swim test significantly higher (~2-fold) than the traditional anti-depressant, imipramine (91). β-pinene did not induce detrimental effects on motor coordination (in the rotarod and traction tests) that were apparent in the diazepam treatment group, but caused a reduction in activity in the open field test compared to the controls (91). Two-weeks of treatment with α-pinene improved depressive-like behaviour (decreased immobility in the forced swim test) in Wistar-Kyoto rats (92), a rodent model of innate treat-resistant depression (93). The behavioural improvements were associated with increased markers of oxidative phosphorylation (mitochondrial function) in the hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex, and increased hippocampal parvalbumin mRNA expression in the α-pinene treatment group (92), suggesting that this terpene exerts effects on GABAergic signalling in the rat brain, which could contribute to its anti-depressant effects. Together, these findings suggest that the anti-depressant and anxiolytic effects of α-pinene and β-pinene may occur through mechanisms involving 5-HT1A, β-adrenergic and D1 receptors, as well as increased hippocampal BDNF and dopamine synthesis in the mid brain; systems that have been identified as key players in the pathogenesis of depression and anxiety (94, 95). However, confounding results exist as pinene decreased spontaneous activity in the open field test (91) demonstrating that further research is needed to elucidate the possible therapeutic and negative effects of these compounds.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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115,854 |
In the four families reported here, we detected two different EXOSC9 variants (c.41T>C and c.481C>T). Interestingly, haplotype analysis revealed a common haplotype shared among all three affected individuals homozygous for the c.41T>C variant. Given the milder phenotype of affected individuals carrying this homozygous variant, we suspect that its loss of function is not as severe as in the case of the nonsense variant c.481C>T. The presence of two severe nonsense variants in one individual would most likely result in intrauterine lethality, which has also been proposed for other exosomal protein variants in EXOSC817 and EXOSC3.47 We noted that there has been no case of a complete loss of function in any of the exosomal components, thus reinforcing our hypothesis that such a defect would be cause intrauterine lethality.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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181,641 |
If, as suggested, the non-productive cough and loss of taste and smell, the characteristic symptoms of COVID-19, are due to purinergic activation following the exocytosis of ATP then it might be thought that lowering ATP levels would have a beneficial effect. This appeared to be so. In the inpatient study cough was present in 90% of the HiDex group at baseline and in 45% at 5 days. In the SpiDex group the baseline was 89% and 30% at 5 days. The recovery of taste and smell was more striking. At baseline 82.5% of the HiDex group had anosmia/ageusia. This fell to 75% at 5 days. In the SpiDex group this was 85% at baseline and 47.5% at 5 days (significantly lower than the HiDex group). In the outpatient study 90% of the patients had loss of taste and smell at baseline but only 1 patient (5%) had this symptom after 10 days of SpiDex treatment.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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267,244 |
One time, I went for an appointment, to see the doctor about something entirely different, and the doctor was sitting there with a needle, all prepared, ready for me to walk in, because it was that time of year. So, I feel as though we’ve not really got a lot of choice, unless you do stand up for yourself against the doctor. Because that doctor, that day, was willing to just go ahead, whether I said yes or no, until I said, well, stop, and that was it (Rosie, Non‐Vaccinator).
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
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301,343 |
Associations between total intracranial volume and clinical measures in the two subtypes. A Total intracranial volume is correlated with performance IQ in Subtype 1 (r = 0.239 and p = 0.027); B Total intracranial volume is correlated with ADOS communication score in Subtype 2 (r = 0.233 and p = 0.047); C Total intracranial volume is correlated with ADOS social score in Subtype 2 (r = 0.236 and p = 0.045)
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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188,270 |
Another study carried out by Eady et al. investigated whether daily consumption of three gold-fleshed kiwi fruit could alleviate constipation and improve gastrointestinal discomfort in mildly constipated individuals . Thirty-two participants were enrolled in a 16-week randomized, single-blind, crossover study. Participants received either three kiwis (5 g of fiber/day) or 14.75 g Metamucil ® (5 g dietary fiber/day) for 4 weeks with a 4 week washout between treatments. The number of complete spontaneous BMs per week were significantly greater during daily consumption of three kiwis compared with the baseline and the Metamucil® treatment. Stool consistency also improved with the kiwi fruit producing softer stools and less straining. Gastrointestinal discomfort, abdominal pain, and constipation improved during the kiwi fruit consumption and constipation during the Metamucil® intervention. The authors conclude that daily consumption of three gold-fleshed kiwis is associated with a significant increase in bowel frequency and a reduction in pain and gastrointestinal discomfort.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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336,246 |
Dysregulation of circulating miRNA was noted in women who were at risk of developing BC. miR-144-3p, miR-451a, and miR-144-5p were found to be upregulated, while miR-708-5p was found to be downregulated in prospectively collected PBMC of 20 women who were unaffected at the time of recruitment and later diagnosed with breast cancer, as compared to 20 unaffected control women. However, these results failed to be confirmed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in a validation set (18). Another study worth noting found that miR-195-5p and miR-495 are downregulated in PBMC of BC patients compared to healthy subjects, with a 77.8 and 100% sensitivity and 100 and 66.7% specificity, respectively, enabling them to be valuable diagnostic tools (19). It was not until 2009 when Zhu et al. (20) demonstrated that miRNA deregulation can also be detected in the serum of BC patients. In a following prospective cohort study on 205 cases of BC matched with 205 controls from the Sister Study Cohort with all recruited women BC free at the time of enrollment, global miRNA expression patterns revealed 21 differentially expressed miRNAs in the serum of BC patients when compared to healthy subjects (21). Several of these dysregulated miRNA such as the downregulated miR-99a-5p (22), miR-4634, miR-6875-5p (23), miR-18a, and miR-139-5p (24) or the upregulated miR-1246, miR-1307-3p, miR-6861-5p (23), and miR-21 (22) were later validated to be promising serum biomarkers for BC detection. In a meta-analysis by Li et al. (25), diagnosing BC by measuring serum miR-21 levels were found to be associated with high sensitivity and specificity of 0.79 and 0.85, respectively.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
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386,079 |
This indicates that higher myelin transcript levels might be related to higher activity levels and/or less anxiety as measured by moving around longer and more frequently in open and light spaces and compartments. Correlations were not significant for measures of impulsivity and attention as determined by the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT), and for measures of sensorimotor gating in a pre-pulse inhibition test (PPI). Taking these results together, we conclude that the myelin gene expression level correlates with activity and/or anxiety levels of BXD mice, indicative of a role for genetic variance in myelination in brain functioning and behavior.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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371,968 |
Individual subject gray matter masks were created using FMRIB’s Automated Segmentation Tool (FAST) and thresholded to include voxels with >50% gray matter probability. ROI analysis of the relationship between gray matter CBF at rest, CVR and V.O2peak was carried out using correlation analysis and permutation testing (100,000 permutations per comparison) in Matlab (Mathworks Inc., MA, United States). Permutation testing was used as an alternative to Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons which is too conservative when potentially related variables are tested. This approach was also applied to examine the associations between gray matter CBF and CVR, and cognitive test scores.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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221,192 |
On the other hand, when comparing performance groups, the PLR+ group showed significantly smaller pupil resting size (p = 0.013), more sensitive responses to light (maximum constriction p < 0.001***), higher plateau constriction (p < 0.001***), higher constriction speed (p = 0.004**) and higher PIPR5 (p < 0.001***) and relative PIPR retention (p = 0.018*). When PLR performance is compared against age, PLR performance and age in months did not show a significant relationship (p = 0.082). The PIPR retention index also showed no variation with age (in contrast with maximum constriction and PIPR), whereas it showed large differences between PLR+ and PLR− animals (47.65 ± 18.43% and 24.03 ± 31.23%, respectively). Sex as a factor did not show any significant effect on any of the study variables.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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369,139 |
In this study, we hypothesized that S. aureus-induced mastitis in rats may involve biomarker proteins that provide a global view of the molecular mechanism in dairy cows. This hypothesis was supported by the results; we identified and quantitated the proteins in mammary gland tissue by quantitative TMT proteomics on the basis of the successful establishment of a rat mastitis model, followed by DSEP analysis. Similar to the findings in other microorganisms, S. aureus infection-induced mastitis is refractory to treatment. The results of GO and KEGG analyses identified DSEPs related to inflammation and immunity during the onset of mastitis, providing a theoretical basis for the pathogenesis of S. aureus-induced bovine mastitis.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
149,638 |
First, text representation from TFIDF is extracted. Tokenization with the help of the natural language toolkit (NLTK), where each word in a sentence is separated, is carried out beforehand. Next, the tokenized text data representation is taken by calculating the weight as described in Eq. 1. Then, to be used in DEC and IDEC models, normalization is applied to the text data representation generated by TFIDF. The representation is multiplied by the root of the feature dimension so that for an i-th text data representation vector, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$x_i$$\end{document}xi with the dimension D, we get \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\frac{1}{D}||x_i||^2_2=1$$\end{document}1D||xi||22=1
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
369,837 |
3-(7-Oxy-1-methyl-9-H-b-carbolin) -2-acetyl-propylamine (1-6b), white solid. Yield 79%. 1H-NMR (600 MHz, d6-DMSO): δ 8.14 (d, J = 5.4 Hz, 1H, ArH3), 8.06 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H, ArH5), 7.95 (s, 1H, NH), 7.80 (t, J = 5.4 Hz, 1H, ArH4), 6.99 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H, ArH8), 6.82 (m, 1H, ArH6), 4.08 (t, J = 6 Hz, 2H, CH2), 3.23 (m, 2H, CH2), 2.71 (s, 3H, CH3), 1.90 (m, 2H, CH2), 1.81 (s, 3H, CH3); HRMS (ESI): m/z [M + H]+ calcd for C17H20N3O2+: 298.1550, found: 298.1552; Purity >95%.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
82,844 |
The NoNoise PPE have reduced present-day – LIA amplitude compared to the model truth in both hemispheres, but the magnitude of the amplitude loss is larger in the SH (median of 31%) than in the NH (22%). This is probably due to the reduced number of proxies available during the LIA period in the SH (27 records) compared to the NH (46 records). The PPE with realistic noise levels shown in Fig. 3 do not display further amplitude loss compared to the NoNoise cases in either hemisphere. This is in contrast to PPE with higher amounts of noise (sensitivity experiments, Supplementary Figs 17–22), which have further reduced amplitudes. Accordingly, the loss of low frequency amplitude in the realistic PPE compared to the model truth is either caused by the reconstruction methodology or the subsampling of the field at the given proxy locations.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
920 |
In 1974, Ranson et al. selected 11 indicators associated with the severity of AP by screening 43 clinical and biochemical indicators . Our study showed that Ranson score was poor in predicting severity and prognosis of HLAP. The AUC of it ranked the third in every aspect we considered. In assessment of MSAP and SAP and mortality, the AUC of Ranson was higher than MCTSI. And Ranson had the lowest positive predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, and Youden index compared with other scoring systems. In assessment of local complications, Ranson was only better than APACHE II.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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351,664 |
Reward: The reward function rt+1 is defined as \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$r_{t+1} = r_{t+1}^{vitals}+r_{t+1}^{vent\ off}+r_{t+1}^{vent\ on}$\end{document}rt+1=rt+1vitals+rt+1ventoff+rt+1venton [16, 19], in which \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$r_{t+1}^{vitals}$\end{document}rt+1vitals evaluates the effect of these actions on the physiological stability of the patient within a reasonable range, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$r_{t+1}^{vent\ off}$\end{document}rt+1ventoff estimates the performance of ventilation being stopped at time t+1, and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$r_{t+1}^{vent\ on}$\end{document}rt+1venton simply represents the cost per hour on the ventilator.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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286,687 |
Male adult Sprague Dawley rats, weighing 250 ± 20 g, were obtained from the experimental animal center of Guangxi Medical University, China. The rats were housed in ventilated cages under standard laboratory conditions (temperature: 25 ± 2°C; humidity: 50 ± 15%; photoperiod: 12 h light/dark cycle photoperiod). The rats had ad libitum access to food and water.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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200,159 |
The aims and objectives of all papers were coded and collapsed into themes. The most frequently studied aim relating to psychological safety was “assessing the perceived motivations and barriers to speaking up”. The coding categories for the aims of each study are summarised in Table 2. Table 2Aims of Included StudiesAIMS OF STUDYNUMBER OF STUDIESAssess perceived motivations and barriers to speaking up (one study also looked at how these barriers differed across two cultures) [50–63]14Assessment of safety climate / culture / quality / teamwork [64–72]9Evaluation of an intervention on speaking up, safety or communication [73–79]7Impact of hierarchy on speaking up [80–83]4To describe the nature of interprofessional work and the factors that influence teamwork [84–87]4Assessment of likely harm and relationship to speaking up [88–91]4Impact of management / leadership on psychological safety [21, 92, 93]3Explore perceptions of safety following an interprofessional teamwork intervention [94–96]3To explore perceptions of own ability to speak up and be heard [97–99]3Professional challenges and reasons for wanting to leave 1Test relationship between speaking up and technical team performance 1Explore the process of learning to speak up 1Identify ethical errors in caring for elderly patients with dementia 1Exploring how the organisation values psychological safety of its workers and makes workers feel valued 1Identify critical non-technical skills for safe and effective teamwork 1Assess speaking up behaviour and safety climate 1Describe advocacy in anaesthesia care 1Explore experiences of supervision from seniors 1Observed how staff members spoke up 1Explore experiences of being a nurse manager 1
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
193,875 |
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| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
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339,468 |
IFN-γ ELISpot assays were performed as previously described using cryopreserved PBMCs. PBMCs (unfractionated and the CD8+ T cell-enriched fraction) from subjects were tested in triplicate with 10 μg/ml each of subject-specific CSP peptides. Phytohaemaglutinin (PHA, Sigma Aldrich, USA) (1 μg/ml), concanavalin A (Con A, Sigma Aldrich, USA) (0.625 μg/ml) and a pool of HLA class I-restricted T cell epitopes from common viruses (CEF, Cellular Technology Ltd, USA) (2.0 μg/ml) were used as positive controls and subject PBMCs incubated with culture medium only were used as negative controls. After substrate incubation and plate development, the number of IFN-γ-producing cells was estimated using an automated ELISpot plate reader (AID GmbH, Germany) and the data exported into Microsoft Excel for analysis.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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72,469 |
His-Sia exhibited specific binding to BgA antigen and did not bind to BgO and BgB antigens. Moreover, the interaction of His-Sia with PCM did not prevent the addition of monosaccharides such as GalNAc, fucose, and galactose in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (data not shown). These findings suggest that SiaBb2 does not interact with monosaccharides and specifically recognizes complex sugar chains, which in turn implies that bifidobacterial sialidase has as-yet-undescribed (i.e., CBM-independent) binding properties. Blood group antigens are expressed in porcine intestinal mucin—with a predominance of BgA antigen (46)—as well as in human colonic mucin (47). Moreover, given that mucin glycosylation patterns vary markedly according to species, age, and location in the GI tract, SiaBb2-binding properties may likewise be affected. We therefore speculate that each of the carbohydrate chains (α2,6 linkage of sialyloligosaccharide and BgA antigen) dictates B. bifidum localization within the host GI tract and is a critical determinant of host specificity in Bifidobacterium strains. However, further analyses (e.g., bioinformatics) are necessary to clarify the SiaBb2-binding properties of BgA antigen.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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202,252 |
In the study by Różyło-Kalinowska et al. , dental age was significantly delayed both in cases of palatal and buccal impaction of upper canines. It must be emphasized that only impacted and not ectopically erupted teeth were taken into consideration in the cited study. A significant difference in dental development between patients with and without impacted maxillary canines has been reported by Lovgren et al. as well. Becker and Chaushu analyzed dental age in subjects with palatally displaced maxillary canines; 50% of subjects were characterized by a late-developing dentition, whereas subjects with normally positioned canines and those with buccally displaced canines had a normal timeline of dentition. This finding supports the hypothesis of a genetic etiology of palatal ectopia in maxillary canines .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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330,325 |
This paper highlights the significance and benefits of using an adaptive thresholding approach to feature extraction as well as highlighting the novel use of readily accessible network signals for estimating weight convergence and predicting network classification performance. The adaptive thresholding technique presented allows a simple yet robust implementation of network homeostasis. Unlike in the learning method proposed in Reference and used in HOTS, the neurons or features in this work do not need to continuously keep count of their updates. Instead the FEAST algorithm adapts its selection thresholds for incoming events such that the features are constantly being contracted by accepted events and expanded by rejected or missed events. This event-based competition means that the neuron thresholds do not decay exponentially as a function of time but only in response to missed input data which represents information not yet well incorporated into the network.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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362,832 |
In both Syllis species the nuchal organ lies dorsally behind the prostomium in form of a pair of ciliated pits (Figs. 8a, b, d, e, 9a, e, 10a, b, d, e, 11e). Somata of receptor cells and somata of the brain lie between the nuchal organ and the neuropil of the brain. The somata of these cells are not clearly distinguishable from each other in histological semi-thin sections. Several neurite bundles run directly from the nuchal organ to the posterior neurite bundle of the brain (Figs. 9a, e, f, 11e). The nuchal lobes lie behind the nuchal organ in the first achaetous segment (Figs. 8a, b, d, 10a, b, d). Each lobe is constricted by muscle bundles separating it into two to three bulbs. In Myrianida (Autolytinae), which has a pair of nuchal eupalettes, the innervation is similar to the Syllinae; the brain is directly connected to the primary sensory cells of the nuchal eupalettes via its posterior neurite bundles (suppl. Fig. S3a). The innervation of the nuchal organs in Streptosyllis websteri also resembles the situation in the Syllinae (suppl. Fig. S2a).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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272,300 |
The evasion mechanisms to the immune response are fundamental for treatment and prognosis, along with the pattern of the inflammatory microenvironment of these types of diseases. The various altered neoantigens expressed in PMOD and cancer can adopt escape mechanisms to inhibit the immune response, such as PD-1/PD-L1 (programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1) interaction, maintaining a disorderly progression.7,8
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
95,808 |
The removed transplanted kidney measured 9.0 × 7.9 × 7.5 cm. The cut surface showed a 7.4 × 6.3 × 6.0 cm mass without a capsule located in the upper pole, replacing almost the entire kidney (Fig. 1c). The samples were fixed in 4% formalin and embedded in paraffin. Sections were cut and stained with hematoxylin & eosin (H&E). For immunohistochemistry, the paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were sliced to 3–4 μm thickness. After deparaffinization, antigen retrieval with heat and 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) methanol solution treatment was done for 30 min to eliminate nonspecific reaction with proteins. The primary antibodies applied are given in Table 1. Immunostaining was performed by an enhancement method based on repetitive microwave heating of slides that were placed into 0.01 M citrate buffer at pH 6.0. Binding of primary antibodies was visualized with an Envision two-step method. Diaminobenzidine was used as chromogen, and nuclei were stained with Mayer’s hematoxylin. Appropriate positive controls were included.Table 1Antibodies and dilutions used in the evaluation of malignant rhabdoid tumor in transplanted kidneyAntibodyDilutionSourcePancytokeratin1:100DakoEMA1:50DakoVimentin1:100NovocastraINI-11:100DakoCD991:50DakoWT-11:100DakoDesmin1:200DakoMyogenin1:100DakoMyoD11:100DakoCAIX1:100Santa CruzCD341:100DakoCD561:100NovocastraCgA1:100DakoSyn1:100DakoGATA-31:100Santa CruzCD101:100NovocastraCD1171:200DakoCK5/61:200ZYMEDP631:25NovocastraAMACR1:100DakoTFE-31:200Santa CruzS-1001:1000DakoHMB451:100DakoMelanA1:200DakoCD381:100NovocastraCD1381:100DakoKI671:30Novocastra
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
211,406 |
a The time points indicate only the starting date of vaccination campaigns for each age group. Healthcare and other essential workers of all ages were vaccinated during the first semester of 2021, before the indicated date for their corresponding age group.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
64,105 |
Considering the number of surfaces involved, 29 (48.3%) restorations involved only one surface. and 31 (51.7%) involved two or more surfaces. As for the extent of the cavity, 25 (41%) presented lesions in the dentin without compromise of the cusp, 23 (37.7%) had dentin lesions with cusp weakening, and 13 (21.3%) had dentin lesions with destruction of one or more cusps.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
136,062 |
Out of a total of 499 patients studied from 2 different PC Health Centres at Madrid, the most prevalent symptoms associated to COVID19 infection were cough, fever and dyspnoea. HBP and diabetes were the most frequent risk factors. 25% of the patients were healthcare professionals. 60.7% required hospital admission as inpatients. 64.5% of patients had their first contact with a health care provider at PC. The average number of follow up contacts with PC was 11.4. The first contact with PC was mostly made by phone call. A work leave was needed by 45.5% patients with an average duration of 31.8 days.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
343,880 |
For the end-point cell viability assay in Fig. 1, cells were seeded at 1.5 × 103 cells per well in 96-well plates and cultured overnight. Then, cells were treated with doxorubicin. After 72 h, CellTiter Glo reagent (Promega, Madison, WI) was added to each well, and luminescence was detected according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
82,962 |
This work suggests that FUS-induced BBB disruption can temporarily suppress Pgp expression in brain blood vessels. With sonication at 0.55 MPa, expression returned to baseline values at 72h. The suppression was longer with sonication at 0.81 MPa. The level of suppression was correlated with harmonic emission recorded with a passive cavitation detector, which may be useful for monitoring or controlling the level of induced suppression. These results support the idea that FUS and microbubbles disrupt drug efflux, part of the functional component of the BBB.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
356,091 |
Empirical type I error rates of the methods we evaluated under different simulation scenarios are summarized in Fig 2. Differences between univariate and multivariate methods were negligible under all simulation conditions. Furthermore, all methods managed to remain close to the nominal level of type I error rate around 5% even in the case of extreme variance heterogeneity (variance ratio between control and treatment group equal to 1:5). Interestingly, Welch’s ANOVA was associated with a slightly higher false positive rate compared to other methods when data were sampled from a multivariate lognormal distribution combined with extreme variance heterogeneity. Furthermore, linear mixed effects models had a slightly higher type I error rate in the case of 5 subjects per group.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
383,725 |
The PI mouse models produced a histopathological milieu similar to that observed in human periodontitis, characterized by infiltration of leukocytes, high levels of proinflammatory cytokines, collagen degradation, and alveolar bone resorption. Therefore, human gingiva samples were evaluated for components of the pyroptosis pathway and downstream cytokine expression. Human gingiva samples were immunohistochemically characterized for the expression of NLRP3, 8OHdG, cleaved-caspase-1, and IL-1β in periodontitis specimens, compared with that in normal gingival tissues (Fig. 5a and Supplementary Fig. S1B). Heterogeneous staining was observed in each periodontitis specimen with an overall elevation for MDSC markers, CD11b+ and CD33+, compared with the healthy gingiva (Fig. 5b). Of note, while the variance was similar in most groups of the mouse models, the variance in the human periodontitis patient values were significantly greater. When human gingival fibroblasts were stimulated with either E. coli LPS or P. gingivalis LPS, CCL5, and CCL2 were significantly upregulated compared to control. CXCL5 was also significantly elevated by E. coli LPS to a lesser extent, but not by P. gingivalis LPS (Fig. 5c). However, CXCL12 levels were not appreciably affected by LPS treatment.Fig. 5Human gingiva from periodontitis patients show activation of MDSC and express inflammatory chemokines. a NLRP3, 8-OHdG, cleaved-caspase 1, and IL-1β were detected in periodontitis specimens by IHC. (Bar represents 50 μm) b human CD33+ and CD11b+ MDSC subsets were detected by IHC (three healthy gingiva and 5–8 periodontitis specimens). The number of CD33+ or CD11b+ cells were increased in periodontitis (student’s t test; Bar represents 50 μm) c human gingival fibroblasts were cultured in vitro and were stimulated by E.coli LPS or P. gingivalis LPS for 24 h. CCL2, CCL5, CXCL5, and CXCL12 in cell supernatant were measured by ELISA. E.coli LPS and P. gingivalis LPS highly increased the secretion of CCL2, CCL5 compared with the control. The secretion of CXCL5 was merely increased by E.coli LPS. (n = 5; student’s t test, *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ****P < 0.0001)
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
47,768 |
Historically, culture-based microbiology techniques were used to gain an understanding of the microbial component of cheese. However, it has become increasingly clear that this approach can be limited in its ability to detect “difficult-to-culture” or sub-dominant microorganisms, thereby potentially providing misleading results. As a result, culture-independent approaches have become increasingly popular. These approaches involve DNA, and occasionally RNA, based molecular methods, with high throughput sequencing (HTS) gaining particular attention by virtue of its potential to provide an insight into the total microbial community of the cheese. The application of HTS can provide valuable information relating to the influence of geography, manufacturing processes, climatic conditions, seasonal variation, use of raw or pasteurized milk, and a variety of other factors on the cheese microbiota (Figure 1). The application of HTS for microbiota analysis can involve any of three primary approaches i.e., (1) Amplicon sequencing—whereby a fragment of highly conserved gene, ideally with variable regions therein, is used for sequencing, with comparison to databases allowing taxonomic assignment. The 16S rRNA gene is most frequently used and provides an insight into the bacterial composition of samples (generally to the genus level), (2) Shotgun metagenomic sequencing—which involves non-targeted sequencing of the DNA in a sample and, again on the basis of comparison with databases, can be used to classify all of the microorganisms, i.e., not just bacteria present (to species, or even strain, level) as well as information regarding the functional potential of the community, (3) Metatranscriptomics (RNASeq)—whereby total mRNA in the sample is sequenced (after first being converted to cDNA) to reveal the extent to which different genes are expressed and, in turn, the relative activity of different components of the community. These three experimental procedures differ with respect to library preparation, sequencing strategy, and the approaches taken for bioinformatic analysis. Some of the most common outputs from these analyses relate to α-diversity, β-diversity, and a determination of the relative abundance of different taxa. α-diversity is a measurement of diversity, such as total number of species, within a sample and measures such as the Simpson and Shannon diversity indices are employed. β-diversity reflects differences in diversity across different samples, with Bray-Curtis and UniFrac being among the distance metrics used. For metagenomics and metatranscriptomics, several tools are available for key steps, i.e., binning, assembly (where relevant), and mapping/assignment of sequences obtained (Di Bella et al., 2013; Walsh et al., 2017). There have been a number of research and review papers dedicated to describing methodologies used for sequencing (Di Bella et al., 2013) work flow, limitations, applications to dairy foods (Ercolini, 2013; Walsh et al., 2017), comparing sequencing platforms, and bioinformatics pipelines as well as highlighting pros and cons associated with all of the above (Kelleher et al., 2015; Clooney et al., 2016; Walsh et al., 2018) Depending on sequencing depth, HTS can facilitate the detection of taxa present at low levels, a feature of great value in the context of testing for spoilage or pathogenic microbes. HTS technology can also be employed to study the microbial diversity of protected designation of origin (PDO) cheeses to establish which components are responsible for the authentic taste, flavors, and textures of these products (Alegría et al., 2012; Fuka et al., 2013; De Filippis et al., 2014; Delcenserie et al., 2014; De Pasquale et al., 2014, 2016; Riquelme et al., 2015; Dalmasso et al., 2016; Parente et al., 2016; Giello et al., 2017; Gonçalves Dos Santos et al., 2017; Li et al., 2017). The same technology could, in the future, be employed to establish authenticity. However, as these topics, and studies related to microbial dynamics of food ecosystems, processing environments, and production facilities have been reviewed in depth recently (Mayo et al., 2014; Galimberti et al., 2015; Bokulich et al., 2016; De Filippis et al., 2017; Doyle et al., 2017b; Macori and Cotter, 2018), we are not addressing those topics here. In this review, we specifically focus on providing an overview of studies in which HTS has been applied to provide insights into the microbiota of different cheeses that are of value from an industrial perspective as well as the factors that modulate these microbes (Table 1) and the identity of adventitious and other microbes (Table 2).
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
285,761 |
A nomogram, which is an easy-to-use and graphical predictive tool, has been widely applied to predict numerous binary and prognostic outcomes (11). However, a nomogram for preoperatively forecasting the Ki-67 level in patients with PAs remains unavailable. Therefore, in this retrospective study, we aimed to develop and validate the first predictive nomogram for preoperatively predicting Ki-67 levels in patients with PAs.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
16,825 |
AuNPs synthesis was initiated by adding an equal volume of 0.001 M aqueous gold chloride solution to 0.002 M astaxanthin; the mixture was stirred at 250 rpm using a magnetic stirrer at room temperature for 24 h. Nanoparticle formation was observed through the changing of the solution to a pinkish color and was further monitored using UV-Vis spectroscopy (Beckman Coulter, Fullerton, CA, USA).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
250,932 |
The analysis of the SEM-EDS results indicates variable chemical composition of individual components of the structure. The elements’ distribution map also revealed the highest fraction of copper in matrix. Tin, nickel and titanium occur in the matrix and—in higher amounts—in intermetallic phases.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
94,280 |
However, there were no significant correlations between plasma CCL27 levels and either VCA-IgA titer or EBV DNA copy number. This may be because EBV VCA-IgA is produced in the early stage of infection and has a longer half-life than CCL27; indeed, VCA-IgA is present at high concentrations even after EBV is cleared from the body. CCL27 is involved in the general immune response and is a dominant player in tumor immunity; thus, its level might not be associated with a change in EBV VCA-IgA . As a cellular marker, CCL27 differs from the traditional EBV markers. The combination of viral markers and cellular markers could provide a new and effective method to diagnose NPC, with CCL27 complementing the more traditional biomarkers such as VCA-IgA and EA-IgA. Detection of VCA-IgA and EA-IgA is complex, objective, which have less precision and accuracy. In contrast, detection of CCL27 in plasma can be achieved with good accuracy and reproducibility and it does not require specialized equipment. Thus, it could be a convenient monitoring biomarker in routine examinations.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
338,887 |
Given a cycle C and a chord \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$f=uv$$\end{document}f=uv, let \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$P_1$$\end{document}P1 and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$P_2$$\end{document}P2 denote the two u-v paths in C. The cycles \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$P_1+f$$\end{document}P1+f and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$P_2+f$$\end{document}P2+f are called the subcycles of C formed by f. We say that f covers C if \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$w(f)\ge w(e)$$\end{document}w(f)≥w(e) for all \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$e\in E(P_1)$$\end{document}e∈E(P1) or for all \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$e\in E(P_2)$$\end{document}e∈E(P2). If C is covered by all of its chords, then it is well-covered.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
135,758 |
Human normal liver cells WRL68 (bio-53604) and HB cells HepG2 (bio-105877), HB611 (bio-73286), and Huh-6 (bio-73060) were purchased from Biobw and cultured in DMEM medium (D5796, Sigma) containing 10% FBS at 37°C and 5% CO2. Exosomes were taken to characterize their morphology. BMSCs were purchased from Yaji Biological and cultured in a cell-free DMEM medium at 37°C and 5% CO2. Exosome stimulation of BMSCs was divided into Control, BMSCs + liver cell exosome, and BMSCs + HB cell exosome groups. Cells were collected 7 days later for follow-up tests. To investigate the role of lncRNA NEAT1 in HB, knockdown and overexpression of lncRNA NEAT1 were performed. At the same time, MMP9 was knocked down to investigate whether lncRNA NEAT1 influenced BMSCs' differentiation to invasive myofibroblasts via the miR-132/MMP9 axis. They were grouped as Control, BMSC + siNC exos, BMSC + siNEAT1 exos, BMSC + oeNC exos, BMSC + oeNEAT1 exos, BMSC + oeNEAT1 exos + siNC, BMSC + oeNEAT1 exos + siMMP9 groups. BMSCs were co-cultured with exosomes. siNEAT1 and the corresponding negative control siNC were synthesized by Sangon Biotech (Shanghai, China). According to the instructions, the siNC and siNEAT1 sequences were transfected into the cells using Lipofectamine 3000 (Invitrogen) reagent. Then we extracted exosomes from cells. To overexpress lncRNA NEAT1, lncRNA NEAT1 sequences were ligated with the LV003 vector. According to the instructions, the oeNC and oeNEAT1 sequences were transfected into the cells using Lipofectamine 3000 reagent. Then we extracted exosomes from cells. siMMP9 was synthesized by Sangon Biotech, and the corresponding negative control siNC was used to knock down MMP9 expression. According to the instructions, the siNC and siMMP9 sequences were transfected into the cells using Lipofectamine 3000 reagent.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
72,371 |
Only a couple of studies have prospective data on milk-related symptoms beyond the first decade of life, neither of which has taken gender into consideration or considered adolescent-onset symptoms . As such, investigation is warranted both to confirm if tolerance is reported beyond late childhood, and to identify the characteristics, including gender, of adolescent-onset milk-related symptoms. To this end, we aimed to examine the age of onset and the persistence of cow’s milk-related symptoms from early life to adolescence, as well as IgE reactivity to milk, focusing on gender differences in the Swedish population-based birth cohort, named BAMSE.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
169,728 |
Clinical trials have suggested that tumours with a high number of effector T‐cells are more responsive to CI therapy. Tumours with a low‐density immune infiltrate, or low numbers of T‐cells, are less responsive, highlighting the role of cytotoxic T‐cell biomarkers such as CD8 . This in turn has stimulated the identification of gene expression signatures. Ayers et al used a gene expression signature centred on IFN‐γ to show associations with overall response rate (ORR) and progression‐free survival (PFS) for melanoma patients treated with the anti‐PD‐1 antibody pembrolizumab . Most investigators relied on a combination of ‘IFN‐γ’, ‘T‐cell receptor (TCR) signalling’, and ‘expanded immune’ gene expression signatures. Consistent with these findings, the IMpower150 trial in NSCLC reported that a T‐effector (Teff) gene expression signature, composed of PD‐L1, CXCL9, and IFN‐γ, enriched for PFS benefit when comparing atezolizumab plus chemotherapy with chemotherapy . Notably, the clinical benefit and proportion of patients captured by the Teff assay were similar to those reported for populations defined by an established PD‐L1 IHC assay (SP142).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
96,736 |
Epidemiologic model parameters and sources for base case and sensitivity analysis are listed in Table 1. Population estimates for 2014, considering individuals aged 18 years and older, was obtained from the National Institute of Geography and Statistics .
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
209,506 |
aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are two striking examples of pathogens able to exploit host-derived itaconate to fuel biofilm formation, resulting in increased pathogenicity and survival (42, 43). Due to its electrophilicity, itaconate induces a prosurvival membrane stress response in Pseudomonas (44, 45). Under conditions of membrane stress, P. aeruginosa favor extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) synthesis over LPS biosynthesis, which in turn was found to further drive metabolic reprogramming of macrophages, augmenting itaconate synthesis in a positive-feedback loop (43). EPS production also led to increased biofilm formation, providing a survival niche for P. aeruginosa in the lung (46). In a similar manner, itaconate has also recently been shown to be an important factor able to drive biofilm formation during S. aureus infection (47). The induction of itaconate by S. aureus leads to itaconate-mediated inhibition of staphylococcal aldolase, resulting in the redirection of fructose-6-phosphate to glucosamine-6-phosphate to fuel EPS biosynthesis and subsequent biofilm formation. These studies, therefore, further emphasize the role of itaconate as an antibacterial metabolite that some bacteria can subvert.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
306,683 |
This prospective observational two-center study enrolled 105 patients who were prescribed TNF-α inhibitors (adalimumab, etanercept, golimumab, or infliximab) at Ajou University Hospital and Chungbuk National University Hospital between July 2017 and December 2019. Data collection was conducted using electronic medical records. Data on sex, age, weight, height, duration of RA, autoantibodies against rheumatoid factor, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide, concomitant medications, and comorbidities were collected from electronic medical records. Additionally, baseline data on disease activity score (DAS)-28 and its subcomponents, which included tender joint count (TJC)-28, swollen joint count (SJC)-28, global health (GH), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) or C-reactive protein levels, were collected.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
395,559 |
For immunofluorescence (IF), deparaffinisation, and hydration, thermal epitope demasking was done using a low pH Target Retrieval Solution (Agilent Technologies) for 20 min at 97°C in a Dako PT Link (Dako) apparatus. Sites of non-specific binding were blocked using 3% BSA in PBS (1 h/RT). The slices were incubated at 4°C overnight with primary anti-POSTN antibodies (dilution 1:200; code no. NBP1-82472; Novus Biologicals) in 3% BSA/PBS, anti-Podoplanin (ready-to-use, clone D2-40 (PDPN), code ISO072; Dako), and anti-αSMA (ready-to-use, clone IS611, code 1A4; Dako). Next, the preparations were incubated for 1 h with donkey anti-rabbit secondary Alexa Fluor 568 conjugated antibody (dilution 1:2000, Abcam, Cambridge, UK, Cat#ab175470, RRID:AB_2783823) and anti-mouse Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated antibody (dilution 1:2000, Abcam, Cambridge, UK, Cat# ab150113, RRID:AB_2756499).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
71,253 |
Imaging techniques are widely used to objectively visualize therapeutic effects, but there still exists demand for novel contrast information prior to morphological changes. Recent developments in magnetic resonance- (MR-) based tissue property mapping techniques have improved noninvasive imaging of electrical conductivity distribution inside living tissues . Magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT) is a bioimaging modality that can provide high-resolution conductivity images based on the current-injection MR method [8, 9]. It is well known that the electrical conductivity of biological tissues is primarily determined by the concentration and mobility of ions which existed in the intra- and extracellular structures . Electrical conductivity changes are closely related to the physiological and pathological conditions of tissues or organs [10–12]. Liver tissues mostly consist of hepatocytes, which make up 70~85% of the liver mass; therefore, the variations of ion concentration and mobility inside the liver may show similar patterns [10–12]. This suggests that liver tissues can exhibit uniform distribution of electrical tissue conductivity. Therefore, MREIT is a clinically useful method to image these features.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
335,377 |
In the current study we looked at the effects of age on ToL performance in a Western (British) and Asian (Malaysian) culture, while taking into account individual differences in WM, education and subjective SES. We used a physical version of ToL blocks and pegs to minimise the technological barriers sometimes experienced among older adults (Heart and Kalderon, 2013). Given previous findings of greater age differences in WM capacity in Asian compared to Western samples (Hedden et al., 2002), and the known involvement of WM in the planning processes involved in ToL tasks (Gilhooly et al., 2002), we made the following predictions: (1) There will be an interaction between age and culture reflecting a greater detrimental effect of old age for Malaysians compared to the British participants. (2) The age effect will be mediated by age differences in WM, and this may be moderated by culture, so that the mediating effects of WM are greater in the Malaysian sample. The main measure from the ToL was the accuracy of solving the trials, and we also looked at the time taken to index the efficiency of processing: separated into planning and execution times.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
296,738 |
Convolutional neural networks (CNN) are a class of artificial neural networks, i.e., data-driven models inspired by biological systems which are shown to greatly benefit fields relying on computer vision, such as medical imaging (Lundervold and Lundervold, 2019). They are being successfully applied in tasks requiring recognition (segmentation) of brain structures, including the ones involving the optic chiasm (Ibragimov and Xing, 2017; Tong et al., 2018; Chen et al., 2019; Zhu et al., 2019; Duanmu et al., 2020; Mlynarski et al., 2020). This is in particular true for the attempts using MRI data, which have been demonstrated to provide superior contrast and recognition of optic chiasm boundaries compared to other imaging techniques, such as computer tomography (Ibragimov and Xing, 2017; Duanmu et al., 2020). The CNNs, however, are not a universal tool, as their performance is largely dependent on both the quantity and quality of the training data. Consequently, this hinders the development of CNNs in the fields with limited data availability (e.g., due to high data acquisition costs), such as neuroimaging. The above-described limitation is even further augmented in the proposed comparative analysis of normal and abnormal chiasms, where the rarity of albinism [estimated prevalence of albinism equal to 1: 20,000 according to Marçon and Maia (2019)] severely impacts the availability of data from such rare patient groups. These limitations may be counteracted to some degree by known techniques, e.g., transfer learning, allowing to fine-tune existing networks to new data with smaller samples instead of training from scratch. In the present work, we explored the potential of CNNs for the detection of chiasmal abnormalities. For this end, we employed a method that is independent of hardly available, sizable datasets of abnormal chiasms at the expense of interpretability, as discussed in Limitations. Specifically, we investigated whether CNNs trained for the purpose of optic chiasm segmentation on control data only, lead to erroneous segmentations for abnormal optic chiasms, e.g., in albinism. Such a differential performance of CNN on normal and abnormal chiasms could be utilized in a quantitative approach for the detection of chiasm abnormalities in albinism and potentially beyond. Currently, albinism diagnosis is based on several morphological and functional features (Hoffmann et al., 2007; Hoffmann and Dumoulin, 2015), with abnormal crossing in the chiasm being one of the major criteria (Kruijt et al., 2018). This is being routinely assessed with functional methods (Hoffmann et al., 2005; von dem Hagen et al., 2008), which are, however, affected by patients’ functional limitations, such as low visual acuity or nystagmus as typical for albinism. Although these limitations would be absent for anatomy-based assessments, the only up-to-date successful reported attempt of an individualized detection of the chiasm abnormalities was achieved with dMRI (Puzniak et al., 2019), which required complex and time-consuming data acquisition and analysis extending beyond the clinical standards. Consequently, the successful CNN-based identification of abnormal chiasms via aMRI might provide proof of concept for a novel tool which can be applied to diagnostics, e.g., in albinism.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
120,455 |
The flat membrane-interacting top plate of the T pore with its large number of hydrophobic modifications considerably improved binding of the structure to lipid bilayer membranes. This even facilitated the spontaneous insertion of DNA channels into self-assembled GUVs in the absence of a transmembrane voltage, which could be directly monitored in confocal laser microscopy experiments. In contrast to previous, more indirect characterization studies, microscopic observation of the dye influx into the vesicles over long periods of time also helped to confirm membrane intactness and size-specific pore formation. Finally, our alternative use of biotin–streptavidin membrane linkages demonstrates that membrane incorporation of DNA origami pores can also be mediated via protein–ligand interactions.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
48,516 |
Upon activation, immune cells upregulate HK-II (17) as well as other HK family members (18). HK-targeted interventions block glycolysis, effector function, and survival of cells involved in driving inflammatory responses (6), and for myeloid cells, this is especially true in the context of gram-negative bacterial challenges (19). However, this may not be true of all inflammatory responses. N-acetylglucosamine, a peptidoglycan derivative from the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria, has recently been shown to bind HK-II and promote its dissociation from the OMM. This dissociation results in the accumulation of mitochondrial DNA in the cytosol and NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent production of mature IL-1β and IL-18 in macrophages (20). Thus, while dissociation of HK-II from the OMM might, on the one hand, abrogate the efficiency of flux through the glycolytic cascade and thus block inflammation, on the other hand, it may potentiate signals that promote secretion of major soluble transducers of inflammation depending on context. Inflammasome components (21, 22), hexokinase (6), and mitochondrial dynamics (23) are all known modulators of T cell functions; however, whether or not HK relocalization can induce inflammasome activity in T cells, and what consequences this may have, remains unclear.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
277,959 |
In keeping with earlier observations in HFF mice , Ac3IV treatment evoked a marked reversal of the negative impact of STZ on pancreatic islet architecture. Thus, Ac3IV-induced significant increases of beta-cell area, associated with positive effects on beta-cell proliferation and protection against apoptosis. Interestingly, although these mice had relative increases in alpha-cell area, that were fully corrected by Ac3IV treatment, circulating glucagon was unaffected. This contrasts with the view that V1b receptor activation elicits glucagonotropic actions , but the mismatch most likely reflects the regulated secretion of islet hormones . Indeed, elevation of pancreatic insulin by Ac3IV in Ins1CRE/+;Rosa26-eYFP mice also lacked obvious correlation with circulating insulin. More notably, the decreases of alpha-cell area and pancreatic glucagon were accompanied by enhanced alpha-cell apoptosis and tendency for decreased alpha-cell proliferation. This is interesting given that V1a and V1b receptor activation is generally associated with pro-survival effects , linked to Gq receptor coupling and activation of the phospholipase C (PLC) pathway. Effects of Ac3IV in the current setting may simply represent the capacity for Ac3IV to reverse the detrimental effects of STZ on pancreatic islet architecture. Indeed, similar effects of Ac3IV to decrease alpha-cell growth have been demonstrated in HFF mice .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
243,338 |
First, we used all 46 features to check the classifiability of this kind of data. The first approach contains all features from section Feature selection 2.2.1 with their derivations, (namely average, maximum, minimum, and standard deviation) to build an SVM model (Tables 3–5 show all features with their derivations, divided by class). When the binary case (expert vs. intermediates) results point out the ability of classification, the ternary case (expert vs. intermediate vs. novice) should be investigated.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
130,866 |
An interesting question emerges based on our observations: could the cellular expression and/or location of TIA1 regulate many nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes? A simple answer to this might be that these mRNAs or their precursors (pre-mRNAs) could be targeted by TIA1 through one or multiple layers to exert control of their gene expression; thus, this multifunctional regulator can act as an RBP in several subcellular scenarios . For example, as shown in the present study, the pre-mRNAs analyzed have multiple sequence sites spanning their full length, both exons and introns, and for which we have detected both high and moderate densities of TIA1 binding sites. This suggests a potential post-transcriptional regulation given the density of binding sites on around 197 nuclear-encoded mitochondrial pre-mRNAs derived from TIA1-iCLIP analysis and located with some frequency on the introns and last exons of the pre-mRNAs, and particularly on the sequences located at the 5′/3′ splice sites of introns and 3′ untranslated regions of the pre-mRNAs. In this regard, it is reasonable to imagine the existence of a feedback loop that activates and/or represses the expression of many genes, which could be activated and/or repressed in the absence or presence of TIA1, for example, at the post-transcriptional level of mRNA stability/turnover and/or translational activation/repression, to dampen their expression in order to promote or counteract the cellular and/or mitochondrial phenotypes associated and/or modulated to the expression, subcellular location, and/or functional post-translational modifications of TIA1 and its isoforms during homeostasis and stress conditions.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
100,596 |
G1 paper was cut into 2 mm-wide strips with different lengths (4, 8, 16, and 32 mm). The fluorescent probe (50 μmol L–1, 2 μL) was dropped onto the sensing region of the strip and dried at 24 °C for 2 min. Electrolyte solutions (Na+ ions (100 mmol L–1), K+ ions (50 mmol L–1), Ca2+ ions (1 mmol L–1), and Tris buffer (pH = 7.4)) were wicked through the main channel toward the sensing regions of the strips (32 μL).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
118,695 |
The experiments were performed with extracavitary as well as intracavitary aerosol charging. As expected, the even more homogeneously deposited ultrafine droplets of the extracavitary-charged HINAT-LAU aerosol showed neither a local methylene blue staining nor a visible staining of the whole peritoneum. In the case of intracavitary aerosol change, which goes along with an increased droplet deposition based on the formation of an electrical field between electrode and grounded peritoneum, a significant dye staining could be observed near the electrode as shown in Figure 10.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
121,404 |
Here, we developed an animal model that examined the pathogenesis of and immune response against S. pneumoniae, with a focus on immunocompromised hosts. As S. pneumoniae infection occurs acutely, we hypothesized and tested whether the gut microbiota enhances host defense against S. pneumoniae infection by modulating innate or innate-like, rapid immune responses such as neutrophil and TI-II antibody responses. Though we found that SFB colonization enhanced TI-II antibody responses in wild type (WT) C57BL/6 (B6) mice, our data suggest that SFB did not provide further protection in these immunocompetent animals. However, in immunocompromised animals with adaptive immune deficiency, we demonstrate a gut-lung axis of communication, as SFB was able to provide lung protection through regulating innate immunity. We traced this protective effect to an efficient clearance of the lung neutrophil population at the resolution stage of the S. pneumoniae infection, which corresponds with lower expression of the anti-phagocytic molecule CD47, suggesting greater neutrophil resolution in SFB-colonized immunocompromised mice. Thus, these data demonstrate a novel protective effect of gut commensals: promoting neutrophil resolution and restoring them to basal levels after infection.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
162,302 |
The macula, optic disc, fovea, and the peripheral retina are constituents of the retina. The choroidal circulation is responsible for the blood supply to the outer retina, while in the inner retinal circulation, it is achieved by the general retinal circulation . The neural retina is a thicker layer composed of cell layers responsible for transducing photons in electrical signals that posterior will pass through the optic nerve to the brain. The laminar architecture of the retina facilitates the processing of visual information. The neural retina is highly organized in (i) laminar structure and (ii) Müller glial cells. The laminar structure is formed by neuronal cells, such as retinal ganglion, amacrine, bipolar, horizontal cells, and rode and cone photoreceptors.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
47,972 |
Another experiment conducted by Morrot et al. (2001) revealed that expertise did not necessarily improve the perceptual capacities of experts. They investigated whether wine experts could consistently associate olfactory descriptors with different types of wines. In the first session, the participants were asked to draw up a list of olfactory descriptors for a white wine and a red wine (based on a list of descriptors that was supplied to them or their own descriptors). Then, the participants had to indicate which of the two wines most intensely presented the character of each descriptor. In the second session, one week later, the same white wine previously presented in session 1 was artificially colored red with an odorless dye and the participants were asked to do the same task of comparison between the red wine and the white wine (colored red). Morrot et al. (2001) results revealed that the white wine artificially colored red in session 2 was described as a red wine in terms of olfactory descriptors by the panel of 54 experts. They suggested the existence of a “perceptual illusion” due to the color change that would influence the pairing between the different wines and their appropriate sensory descriptors.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
20,894 |
To further confirm the relationship between TRPM8 and TNFα, siRNA assays were employed. When Trpm8 siRNA was introduced into the cells, the expression of TRPM8 was downregulated, while TNFα expression increased significantly (Supplementary Fig. S4). TRPA1 expression was not altered. When Trpa1 siRNA was introduced into the cells, TRPA1 expression was significantly downregulated; the expression of TNFα was also downregulated at this time (Supplementary Fig. S4). In cold conditions, Trpm8 siRNA dramatically knocked down TRPM8 expression, and TNFα and NFκB were liberated as shown previously (Supplementary Fig. S5). These results indicated that TRPM8 could directly downregulate TNFα.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
220,749 |
To validate this finding in an orthogonal data set, data were retrieved from acute myeloid leukemia patients sequenced for the TCGA paper.9 The data in this study were originally aligned to genome build GRCh36, and six mutations in the U2AF1 gene were reported from exome sequencing. After this paper was published, the Genomic Data Commons took this sequence dataset, realigned it (with BWA-MEM) to the stock GRCh38.d1.vd1 reference, and produced variant calls using four different algorithms.10,15 These variant files [in MAF (Mutation Annotation Format)] reported no U2AF1 mutations in the six expected samples. Their GRCh38 sequence alignments were then downloaded, and the same coverage and mapping quality issues on chromosome 21 were observed. One sample lacked any U2AF1 reads at all, due to unrelated sequencing problems (the TCGA consortium only identified the mutation using orthogonal assays). This sample was excluded from further analyses, leaving five evaluable samples.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
93,706 |
The criteria adopted for the inclusion polishing were as follows: (1) that there be no scratches in the area to be photographed when this area was subjected to rotation in polarized light, (2) that “open circles” were not true inclusions, (3) that the inclusions have sharp boundaries at the magnification of interest. When these criteria were satisfied, it was believed that a true representation of the inclusion concentration had been obtained. After being photographed in this condition, the samples were introduced into the NBS electron probe microanalyzer.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
164,390 |
It is likely that many of the regions identified by DIOSynVax could be classed as epitopes of limited variability. Indeed, all of these approaches share a common feature in that they identify conserved regions of the major influenza antigen HA, which produce broadly reactive responses upon vaccination against chronologically distinct strains. These targets are predicted to exist by some interpretations of drift or the antigenic thrift model. The success of these three approaches reinforces the existence of regions of limited variability within the influenza virus that can be exploited to produce a universal influenza vaccine.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
142,243 |
Decidual macrophages (dMφ) represent the second largest population of leukocytes. The local environment at the maternal-fetal interface orchestrates dMφ differentiation and functions. In early stages of pregnancy, dMφ have an M1 phenotype, then they switch to a mixed M1/M2 profile during trophoblast cell invasion. Once the placenta is fully developed, they switch toward an M2 phenotype to prevent fetal rejection (34). Consequently, dMφ share features of pro-inflammatory and tolerogenic macrophages, simultaneously expressing M1 (CD64, CD80, CD86) and M2 markers (CD163, CD206, DC-SIGN) (35–39).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
179,768 |
Definitely more cells adhered onto the dense Ti sample than onto any other porous ones already after 3 h culture (P = 0.001, Fig. 7). No difference was identified within the porous Ti groups (porosity P = 0.666; pore size P = 0.837).Fig. 7Cell attachment onto the samples after 3 h culture. *Represented P < 0.05
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
215,145 |
For brain treatment most of the participants do not pause ICI therapy during RT. Prior to whole brain irradiation 49% (25/51) do not pause ICI treatment and 51% (26/51) after, respectively. When SRT is performed 52.9% (27/51) do not pause ICIs prior and 56.9% (29/51) after RT. In case of ICI treatment interruption, most participants (41.2%) pause between 1 and 2 weeks prior to irradiation for whole brain radiation and less than 2 weeks after radiation. When SRT is performed 33.3% (17/51) suspend between 1 and 2 weeks prior to radiation and 29.4% (15/51) less than 2 weeks after. A minority of participants pause between 2 and 4 weeks prior and after brain radiation with almost no difference between the radiation techniques.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
184,790 |
Successful enrichment of CD8+ or CD4+ T cells was confirmed by flow cytometry. The effector cell suspension was stained with 4 µg mL-1 of primary antibodies ( Table 2 ) targeting four different T cell populations as well as 4 µg mL-1 of goat-anti-mouse IgG AF488 secondary antibody (Thermo Scientific). Acquisition and data analysis were performed as mentioned above.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
291,017 |
Highly nonlinear boundary value concerns that cannot be solved are common in the automotive industry. For many problems that are routinely addressed by other numerical methods, convergence is susceptible to relaxation constants and initial framework. The PCM's objective is to uncover the technique's universal applicability as a viable solution to nonlinear issues33. The 3D turbulent flow and heat transmission over the surface of an extensible spinning disc is highlighted by Shuaib et al.34. The fluid has been studied in the presence of external magnetic strength. Shuaib et al.35 identified the characteristic of an ionic transitional boundary layer flow across a revolving disc. To find an ionic species, the Poisson's and Nernst-Planck equations were utilized. Wang et al.36 used a parametric continuation technique to analyze the consistency of complex systems for engineering disciplines. They also investigated the static bifurcation that occurs while solving nonlinear starting value problems with distinct features and developed an algorithm for determining the bifurcation points in detail. Bilal et al.37 explored the fluctuating Maxwell nanofluid flow around a stretched cylinder guided by suction/injection impact. The resulting system of ODEs was then numerically calculated using the PCM technique, and the results were validated using the Matlab program bvp4c.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
10,841 |
The age-related distribution of FOI scores showed no relevant differences between patients aged < 13 and patients aged ≥ 13 years (Fig. 4).Fig. 4Comparison of cumulative probability plot of fluorescence optical imaging scores (FOIAS) for patients aged < 13 years and patients aged ≥ 13 years in group I (JIA patients with clinically active arthritis in hand region) and group II (patients with non-inflammatory joint diseases)
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
360,224 |
All sound recordings were made in a sound-insulated and echo-acoustic dampened room (approx. 2.9 m × 4.2 m × 4.9 m; 24-dBA noise floor) lined with foam wedges (cut-off frequency 315 Hz). Binaural sound recordings were made at a sampling rate of 96 kHz and resolution of 24-bit using a portable digital recorder (Tascam DR-100 MK2, TEAC Corporation, Japan) and in-ear microphones (Bruel & Kjaer model 4101, Denmark) placed in the ears of a manikin. The manikin was custom-made, consisting of a torso and head made of high-density foam covered with soft plastic having a skin like texture, and wearing a woollen jumper and hat. Anthropometric details of this manikin have been published elsewhere12. A picture of the manikin is provided in Fig. 2.Figure 2Picture of the manikin used to make binaural recordings. Anthropometric details of this manikin have been published elsewhere12. The center of the speaker used to generate emissions was placed at the mouth of the manikin (marked by a small tube).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
9,971 |
The model was based on the largest available dataset of TNF inhibitors, including 2481 compounds that were retrieved from the PubChem database and had been tested in an HTS assay for NF-κB induction by TNF. TNF is one of the key cytokines that initiate the signaling cascade that leads to NF-κB induction. Among the available compounds, the 1149 that exhibited inhibition more than 50% were characterized as active and the remaining 1332 were characterized as inactive.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
163,767 |
But what interesting is that the proportion of Lymphocytes Depleted subtype in low scoring samples sharply increases to the same level as high scoring samples when only analyze GBM samples ( Supplementary Table 2 and Supplementary Figures 10D–F ) implying another unveiled mechanism which may contribute to their prognosis difference. In the meantime, Immunogenicity Quiet subtype nearly vanished in all GBM samples. Since Lymphocyte Depleted subtype was labeled as samples with prominent macrophage signature, Th1 suppressed and high M2 macrophage response, it is vital to analyze the immunocytes infiltration difference.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
170,982 |
Totally, 40 adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups (n=8 in each group): (1) control group: the rats received a daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of saline (0.5 ml/kg) for 8 days; (2) GM group: 100 mg/kg GM was i.p. injected for 8 days (Farombi and Ekor, 2006 ▶) and Groups 3-5: the rats received i.p. injections of arbutin (25, 50 or 75 mg/kg, respectively) (Khadir et al., 2015 ▶), 1 hr after the injection of GM for 8 days. In order to prepare the appropriate dosage of arbutin, it was dissolved in sterile normal saline.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
358,681 |
Greater support is required from the institution in providing accessibility to SWD, especially with regard to providing basic services. Any institution that aims to serve people with disability has to support this goal through the services they provide. Doing so sends out a strong message to the entire tertiary community and society at large that SWD are valued members of the institution, and it helps to create positive understandings of disability from the very top of the institution to the bottom of the hierarchy.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
128,986 |
Early recognition and diagnosis of any NPS are extremely important because, in the majority of cases, the paraneoplastic syndrome predates the cancer diagnosis. In the case of paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration syndromes, such as anti-Yo disease, the devastating neurologic symptoms are typically not reversible, but they may be stopped from progressing further with early treatment of the underlying malignancy. Furthermore, some immune treatments such as plasma exchange, IVIG, and steroids tend to be more effective when instituted early. Additionally, prompt treatment of cancer, when diagnosed in earlier stages, may improve cancer outcomes.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
349,312 |
The substrate-specific characteristics of FC in the study are shown in Figure 1. All substrates containing maize as a component clearly exceeded the FC > 45 threshold and thus indicate good conditions for low-loss preservation. The unusually high values of the maize-dominated test variants FM33 and ZM100 are due to their very high content of WSCH, which is also reflected in high WSCH/BC-ratios (see also Figure 2). In contrast to mixtures with maize, the two pure flower mix substrates FM100 and YSC99 had FCs that are within the limits of good conservation suitability.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
113,943 |
Nine individuals from each challenge (WTR control, control mock, fever, and no fever) were selected for RNA extraction using 30 mg of tissue after 24 h post-infection. Total RNA was individually isolated using Ribo-Pure™ Kit (Ambion®, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. RNA concentration and purity were estimated using the NanoDrop 1000 Spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific, MA, USA), while the RNA integrity number (RIN) was evaluated through the 2200 TapeStation (Agilent technologies, CA, USA) using the R6K screen tape. Samples with RIN ≥8 and 260/280 ratio ≥1.8 were used for library construction.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
165,162 |
As one of the aims of the study was to refine the Veggie Meter protocol for use in low-income schools, observations were made by researchers as to refinements that may improve data collection to streamline the process or align with other research being conducted. Study researchers that were present for data collection debriefed after each session to discuss challenges and possible solutions, with refinements made to the protocol based on these discussions.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
62,892 |
Granulosa cell is one of the main components of ovary and it is a appropriate object for in vitro experiments. According to lots of previous studies, granulosa cells were examined to indicate ovarian aging in the in vitro experiments. The H2O2-induced decrease in cell viability was significantly attenuated after treatment with melatonin (Fig. 6a). In vitro analysis showed that melatonin blocked mitochondrial ROS elevation induced by H2O2 in granulosa cells (Fig. 6b). Moreover, co-incubation with melatonin prevented H2O2-induced oxidative stress (Fig. 6c), DNA damage (Fig. 6d) and apoptosis (Fig. 6e,f).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
199,643 |
UPLC MS2 analysis was performed using an Agilent series 1290 RRLC instrument linked to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (6430) (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA)) with an ESI ion source. Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 column (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.8 µm) (Agilent Technologies) was used for the separation. Chromatographic conditions, as well as instrument settings, solvent composition, and gradient conditions were as previously described by Elez Garofulić et al. . Briefly, column temperature was set at 35 °C, the injection volume was 2.5 µL, and flow rate 0.3 mL min−1. The eluent A was 0.1% of formic acid (v/v) and eluent B 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile (v/v). Ionization was performed by electrospray (ESI) in negative and positive mode (m/z 100–1000). Data were collected in the dynamic multiple reaction monitoring mode (dMRM). The retention time and mass spectra of the phenolic standards were used to identify compounds, while quantification was performed using calibration curves obtained from the standards. Analytical parameters for chlorogenic acid standard were: six concentrations in a range of 1.625–30 mg L−1, regression equation: y = 3639.4x + 575.69, R2 = 0.9999, LOD = 0.453 mg L−1, and LOQ = 1.371 mg L−1. Results are expressed as mg 100 g−1 of dry weight (DW). Dry weight was determined by drying lyophilized potato samples at 103 ± 1 °C (FN-500, Nüve, Ankara, Turkey) to constant weight (AOAC, 1990) .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
218,969 |
The accuracy of the PRV parameters (percentage of classifications that were correct) across cut-points reached over 90% (Supplementary Tables 1–3), which is in the range of values observed for this metric in previous AF diagnostic studies (nearly all on outpatient samples) of other BP monitors4. Further, the 95% confidence intervals for our AUC values encompassed the AUC values reported in a hospital-based study of the BP+ device15. Our work extends these prior findings as we evaluated this device in a different setting (primary care) using different analytical approaches: in combination with the KMCM and using both decision and precision-recall curve analyses. Additional novelty is derived from our use of parameters not assessed (sARV, SD and relative range) in these past studies4 or examined each only in one prior study (RMSSD15 and IPP24).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
88,551 |
The economic crisis in Iceland therefore created a unique opportunity to also look at the effects of the economic collapse on gambling behavior using two study designs, a repeated cross-sectional study (Olason et al., 2015) and the present longitudinal study.
| 1 | 2other
| 0Study
|
145,370 |
The foregoing review suggests that it is necessary to consider erythrophagocytosis in ICH as a spatiotemporally progressing event. There are mainly two concerns. Firstly, how could the M φ completely remove the damaged RBCs in a situation where the latter vastly outnumbers the former? Moreover, the population of M φ might be further reduced by the primary injury or the intracellular iron toxicity (van-Charvet et al., 2010; Youssef et al., 2018). To prevent the overwhelming of phagocytotic machinery, the number of M φ must be regulated to obtain sufficient phagocytotic capacity (Morioka et al., 2019). Therefore, therapies aimed at maximizing the number of functional phagocytes could improve RBC removal and should become a focus of future research. Inspiringly, this idea of introducing more functional M φ has recently been found to facilitate animal recovery from traumatic brain injury (Li Z. et al., 2021). Another layer of complexity lies in the fact that these immune cells tend to execute time-dependent effects in cerebrovascular injury, i.e., worsening the brain injury at acute phase but repairing the tissue at later stage (Mastorakos et al., 2021). One should therefore also take into consideration the optimal therapeutic time window when attempting to bring these cells into the brain. Secondly, what is the fate of M φ after engulfing RBCs in ICH? Although M φ could digest RBCs into the degradation products within themselves, could they process the blood components, especially iron, in a non-toxic way? Microglia contains the system for transporting and storing the iron in the normal brain, which is critical to the brain iron cycle and homeostasis (Winn et al., 2020). However, it remains unknown whether microglia could maintain its own homeostasis rather than undergoing iron-dependent cell death, namely “ferroptosis” in ICH (Youssef et al., 2018). Further studies are needed to achieve a better understanding of erythrophagocytosis and translate its therapeutic value to clinical practice.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
120,298 |
Taken together, these findings suggest that the more people perceive their multiple social identities to be compatible the higher the level of identity integration. Conversely, the perception of two or more identities being in opposition to each other, perhaps due to conflicting values and norms, signals a lower level of identity integration. We extend this line of research by suggesting that that expression of multiple politicized identities through collective action is more likely to occur when individuals do not have to make an ‘either–or’ choice between two or more commitments. In other words, when a high level of identity integration between multiple identities is present, thus when identities are perceived as more compatible, collective action is more likely to emerge.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
182,275 |
IH conducted the research, was responsible for data collection, analyzing data, and took the lead in writing the report. SH was involved in designing the research and writing the report. Both authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
368,012 |
“I request permission for the open-access journal PLOS ONE to publish XXX under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CCAL) CC BY 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Please be aware that this license allows unrestricted use and distribution, even commercially, by third parties. Please reply and provide explicit written permission to publish XXX under a CC BY license and complete the attached form.”
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
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