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Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Today",
"text": "Today the area offshore from Cannery Row is the Edward F. Ricketts State Marine Conservation Area (part of the larger Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary) and is home to a large resurgent population of California sea lions."
},
{
"section_header": "Today",
"text": "By canning squid at the end of its life, Hovden Cannery managed to outlast its neighbors, finally closing its doors in 1973 when it became the last cannery on the row to close."
}
] |
9Xyt6lELivpHJlZqrIBp
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was the site of a number of now-defunct sardine canning factories."
},
{
"section_header": "Today",
"text": "Cannery Row itself is now a tourist attraction with many restaurants and hotels, several of which are located in former cannery buildings, and a few historic attractions."
},
{
"section_header": "Today",
"text": "Today the area offshore from Cannery Row is the Edward F. Ricketts State Marine Conservation Area (part of the larger Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary) and is home to a large resurgent population of California sea lions."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "A historical marker is located on the site of the former mansion."
},
{
"section_header": "Today",
"text": "The Monterey Bay Aquarium (opened in 1984) is located at the north end of Cannery Row, at the former site of the major Hovden Cannery."
},
{
"section_header": "Today",
"text": "By canning squid at the end of its life, Hovden Cannery managed to outlast its neighbors, finally closing its doors in 1973 when it became the last cannery on the row to close."
},
{
"section_header": "Today",
"text": "Some privately owned fishing companies still exist on Cannery Row, housed on piers located a short distance from the historic district frequented by tourists."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The street name, formerly a nickname for Ocean View Avenue, became official in January 1958 to honor John Steinbeck and his well-known novel Cannery Row."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In his investigation of where the sardines had gone, Ed Ricketts finally concluded \"They're in cans."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Pacific Biological Laboratories, a biological supply house, was located at 800 Ocean View Avenue (now 800 Cannery Row) from 1928 to 1948, and operated by Edward F. Ricketts, who was the inspiration for several characters in Steinbeck novels."
}
] |
Cannery Row is the site a sardine factory that has now became a tourist site in part because it attracts sea lions.
| 0 | 0 |
Cannery Row
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The SI unit of electrical resistance is the ohm (Ω), while electrical conductance is measured in siemens (S) (formerly called “mho”s and then represented by ℧)."
}
] |
9YCaHTqYALERkaXteliX
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Energy dissipation and Joule heating",
"text": "On the other hand, Joule heating is sometimes useful, for example in electric stoves and other electric heaters (also called resistive heaters)."
},
{
"section_header": "Energy dissipation and Joule heating",
"text": "=I^{2}R} where P is the power (energy per unit time) converted from electrical energy to thermal energy, R is the resistance, and I is the current through the resistor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The SI unit of electrical resistance is the ohm (Ω), while electrical conductance is measured in siemens (S) (formerly called “mho”s and then represented by ℧)."
},
{
"section_header": "Energy dissipation and Joule heating",
"text": "This is called Joule heating (after James Prescott Joule), also called ohmic heating or resistive heating."
},
{
"section_header": "Energy dissipation and Joule heating",
"text": "The formula for Joule heating is: P"
},
{
"section_header": "Energy dissipation and Joule heating",
"text": "Resistors (and other elements with resistance) oppose the flow of electric current; therefore, electrical energy is required to push current through the resistance."
},
{
"section_header": "Energy dissipation and Joule heating",
"text": "This electrical energy is dissipated, heating the resistor in the process."
},
{
"section_header": "Energy dissipation and Joule heating",
"text": "The dissipation of electrical energy is often undesired, particularly in the case of transmission losses in power lines."
},
{
"section_header": "AC circuits | Impedance and admittance",
"text": "− 1 {\\displaystyle j={\\sqrt {-1}}} is the imaginary unit."
},
{
"section_header": "Superconductivity",
"text": "0 0 and I 0 0 and I ≠ 0. This also means there is no joule heating, or in other words no dissipation of electrical energy."
}
] |
Electrical resistance uses the units Joules.
| 0 | 0 |
Electrical resistance
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Coldplay are a British rock band that were formed in London in 1996."
}
] |
9Yo8s1sCU1HcPw95DLJf
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Musical style",
"text": "Their alternative rock style has been compared to bands like U2, Oasis, A-ha, R.E.M., and Radiohead."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Coldplay are a British rock band that were formed in London in 1996."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1996–1999: Formation and first years",
"text": "During a weekend in the English village Virginia Water in Surrey"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2002–2004: A Rush of Blood to the Head",
"text": "On 28 August 2003, Coldplay performed \"The Scientist\" at the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards at the Radio City Music Hall in New York City, and won three awards."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2013–2014: Ghost Stories",
"text": "From April to July, Coldplay embarked on a six-date Ghost Stories Tour in support of the album, playing 'intimate' shows in six cities: the Beacon Theatre in New York City on 5 May, Royce Hall in Los Angeles on 19 May, Casino de Paris in Paris on 28 May, Tokyo Dome City Hall in Tokyo on 12 June, Enmore Theatre in Sydney on 19 June, and closed the tour at the Royal Albert Hall in London on 2 July 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2002–2004: A Rush of Blood to the Head",
"text": "Since the band had never stayed in London before, they had trouble focusing."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2007–2010: Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends",
"text": "Coldplay began their Viva la Vida Tour in June, with a free concert at Brixton Academy in London."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2004–2007: X&Y",
"text": "\"From June 2005 to March 2007, Coldplay went on their Twisted Logic Tour, which included festival dates like Coachella, Isle of Wight Festival, Glastonbury and the Austin City Limits Music Festival."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2002–2004: A Rush of Blood to the Head",
"text": "At the 2003 Brit Awards held at Earls Court, London, Coldplay received awards for Best British Group, and Best British Album."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2007–2010: Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends",
"text": "In October 2009, Coldplay won Song of the Year for \"Viva la Vida\" at The American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) Awards in London."
}
] |
The band Coldplay has its roots in the English capital city of London.
| 0 | 0 |
Coldplay
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Association football",
"text": "Marley surrounded himself with people from the sport, and in the 1970s made the Jamaican international footballer Allan \"Skill\" Cole his tour manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Association football",
"text": "Aside from music, association football played a major role throughout his life."
}
] |
9Yu8IRTqdDYac2SNarUX
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Musical career | 1962–72: Early years",
"text": "In 1968, Bob and Rita visited songwriter Jimmy Norman at his apartment in the Bronx."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Family",
"text": "Marley also has two notable grandsons, musician Skip Marley and American football player Nico Marley."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Association football",
"text": "Marley surrounded himself with people from the sport, and in the 1970s made the Jamaican international footballer Allan \"Skill\" Cole his tour manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His fans around the world expressed their grief, and he received a state funeral in Jamaica."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical career | 1972–74: Move to Island Records",
"text": "Many Jamaicans were not keen on the new reggae sound on Catch a Fire, but the Trenchtown style of Burnin found fans across both reggae and rock audiences."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical career | 1974–76: Line-up changes and shooting",
"text": "Bob Marley received minor wounds in the chest and arm."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical career | 1974–76: Line-up changes and shooting",
"text": "Despite the break-up, Marley continued recording as \"Bob Marley & The Wailers\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Other tributes",
"text": "In February 2020, the musical Get Up Stand Up!, the Bob Marley Story was announced by writer Lee Hall and director Dominic Cooke, starring Arinzé Kene as Bob Marley."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Other tributes",
"text": "Bob Marley was worth far more."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in Nine Mile, British Jamaica, Marley began his professional musical career in 1963, after forming Bob Marley and the Wailers."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Association football",
"text": "Aside from music, association football played a major role throughout his life."
}
] |
Apart from music, Bob Marley was a big fan of American sports like basketball.
| 0 | 0 |
Bob Marley
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part 2",
"text": "Still feverish, Raskolnikov listens nervously to a conversation between Razumikhin and the doctor about the status of the police investigation into the murders: a muzhik called Mikolka, who was working in a neighbouring flat at the time, has been detained, and the old woman's clients are being interviewed."
}
] |
9ZLgbiIfRmtO8o3wJuNc
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Raskolnikov answers his question of whether he has the right to kill solely by reference to his own arbitrary will, but, according to Berdyaev, these are questions that can only be answered by God, and \"he who does not bow before that higher will destroys his neighbor and destroys himself: that is the meaning of Crime and Punishment\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Crime and Punishment focuses on the mental anguish and moral dilemmas of Rodion Raskolnikov, an impoverished ex-student in Saint Petersburg who formulates a plan to kill an unscrupulous pawnbroker for her money."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part 2",
"text": "He angers the workmen and caretakers by asking casual questions about the murder, even suggesting that they accompany him to the police station to discuss it."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "In the complete edition of Dostoevsky's writings published in the Soviet Union, the editors reassembled the writer's notebooks for Crime and Punishment in a sequence roughly corresponding to the various stages of composition."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "From then on, Crime and Punishment is referred to as a novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Symbolism | Dreams",
"text": "The main peasant, Mikolka, feels that he has the right to kill the horse, linking his actions to Raskolnikov's theory of a 'right to crime' for a select group of extraordinary men."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Other characters",
"text": "Alyona Ivanovna – Suspicious old pawnbroker who hoards money and is merciless to her patrons."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "There have been over 25 film adaptations of Crime and Punishment."
},
{
"section_header": "Style",
"text": "Crime and Punishment is written from a third-person omniscient perspective."
},
{
"section_header": "Symbolism | Dreams",
"text": "In it, he returns to the innocence of his childhood and watches as peasants beat an old mare to death."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part 2",
"text": "Still feverish, Raskolnikov listens nervously to a conversation between Razumikhin and the doctor about the status of the police investigation into the murders: a muzhik called Mikolka, who was working in a neighbouring flat at the time, has been detained, and the old woman's clients are being interviewed."
}
] |
In Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment, a peasant is taken in for questioning for the murder of the pawnbroker.
| 0 | 0 |
Crime and Punishment
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played in Major League Baseball for the Cincinnati Reds, New York Giants, Chicago White Sox, Newark Peppers and Indianapolis Hoosiers from 1913 to 1931."
}
] |
9aR0K9RGmfkTB5bXQNfK
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later life and honors",
"text": "During his career he had saved his money and was able to retire after he finished playing."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1911, after he learned that other players were receiving $5 (equivalent to $74 in 2019) per game, he went to the rival Princeton, Indiana team."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Later career",
"text": "He was contacted by Reds President Sidney Weil to play for the team in 1931."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1912 he played for the Evansville, Indiana team in the KITTY league."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "Roush played only 69 games with the Reds in 1916 and finished second in team batting average with .287, behind Hal Chase."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Early career",
"text": "The Hoosiers became the Newark Peppers in 1915 and Roush continued to play outfield for the team under manager, and fellow 1962 Hall of Fame inductee Bill McKechnie."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Later career",
"text": "In his final game he went 2-3 with a triple in a 5-3 loss against the pennant winning Cardinals."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "On July 21, 1926 team officials celebrated \"Roush Day\" at Redland Field in honor Roush and his decade spent with the team."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "Throughout his life Roush would state that the Reds were the better team, and would have won the Series either way."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "During spring training, manager Pat Moran fell ill on the train ride to their training facilities in Florida, and on March 7, 1924 he died."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played in Major League Baseball for the Cincinnati Reds, New York Giants, Chicago White Sox, Newark Peppers and Indianapolis Hoosiers from 1913 to 1931."
}
] |
Roush played with 5 different teams during his career in MLB.
| 0 | 0 |
Edd Roush
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Although the shoddy record-keeping of the time prevents an accurate tally, he also asserted himself as a daring presence on the base-paths, by some accounts stealing over 100 bases in 1888 and approaching the mark in 1890."
}
] |
9aU2Mmgj12GfOQXKabe5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Setting aside aspirations of being a star pitcher, McCarthy finally settled into an everyday position in a lineup in 1888 with the St. Louis Browns in the American Association."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "McCarthy was born on July 24, 1863 in Boston, Massachusetts, the eldest son of Daniel and Sarah McCarthy."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "McCarthy played for the Brooklyn Bridegrooms in 1896 before retiring."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "The press of the day called McCarthy and teammate Hugh Duffy the \"Heavenly Twins\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame selection",
"text": "According to SABR, McCarthy is also the only Union Association player elected to the Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "McCarthy joined the Boston Reds in the Union Association in 1884 as a starting pitcher and outfielder."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame selection",
"text": "Nevertheless, in the same book, James also said that McCarthy is the worst right fielder in the Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame selection",
"text": "As of 2014, McCarthy had the lowest Jaffe Wins Above Replacement Score of any player in the Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "With the Browns until 1891, McCarthy scored over 100 runs each season and grew increasingly productive at the plate."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Thomas Francis Michael McCarthy (July 24, 1863 – August 5, 1922) was an American Major League Baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Although the shoddy record-keeping of the time prevents an accurate tally, he also asserted himself as a daring presence on the base-paths, by some accounts stealing over 100 bases in 1888 and approaching the mark in 1890."
}
] |
Tommy McCarthy was famous for being a base-stealer.
| 1 | 4 |
Tommy McCarthy
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception in the 20th century",
"text": "Bruckner's music was among the most popular in Nazi Germany."
}
] |
9aUtp5fOH9XJFZQoWAEa
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception in the 20th century",
"text": "The Adagio from Bruckner's Seventh Symphony was broadcast by German radio (Deutscher Reichsrundfunk) when it announced the news of Hitler's death on 1 May 1945."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception in the 20th century",
"text": "Bruckner's music was among the most popular in Nazi Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception in the 20th century",
"text": "Decades after his death, the Nazis strongly approved of Bruckner's music because they saw it as expressing the zeitgeist of the German volk, and Hitler even consecrated a bust of Bruckner in a widely photographed ceremony in 1937 at Regensburg's Walhalla temple."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception in the 20th century",
"text": "Nor did the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra ever ban Bruckner's music as they have Wagner's, even recording the Eighth Symphony with Zubin Mehta."
},
{
"section_header": "Compositions | Symphonies | Structure",
"text": "Cooke adds, also in the New Grove, Despite its general debt to Beethoven and Wagner, the \"Bruckner Symphony\" is a unique conception, not only because of the individuality of its spirit and its materials, but even more because of the absolute originality of its formal processes."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception in the 20th century",
"text": "The approval by Hitler and the Nazis of his music did not hurt Bruckner's standing in the postwar media, and several movies and TV productions in Europe and the United States have used excerpts from his music ever since the 1950s, as they already did in the 1930s."
},
{
"section_header": "Compositions | Symphonies | Structure",
"text": "Nicholas Temperley writes in the New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians (1980) that Bruckner alone succeeded in creating a new school of symphonic writing.... Some have classified him as a conservative, some as a radical."
},
{
"section_header": "Compositions | Symphonies | Structure",
"text": "In a concert review, Bernard Holland described parts of the first movements of Bruckner's sixth and seventh symphonies as follows: \"There is the same slow, broad introduction, the drawn-out climaxes that grow, pull back and then grow some more – a sort of musical coitus interruptus."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Josef Anton Bruckner (German: [ˈantɔn ˈbʁʊknɐ] (listen); (1824-09-04)4 September 1824 – (1896-10-11)11 October 1896) was an Austrian composer, organist, and music theorist best known for his symphonies, masses, Te Deum and motets."
},
{
"section_header": "Compositions | Symphonies | Style",
"text": "the Seventh is supposed to have a cymbal crash at the exact moment Wagner died."
}
] |
Anton Bruckner's music was among the most hated in Nazi Germany and even his Seventh Symphony was remixed by German radio (Deutscher Reichsrundfunk) when it announced the news of Hitler's death on 1 May 1945.
| 0 | 0 |
Anton Bruckner
|
Technology
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "IBM employees have been awarded five Nobel Prizes, six Turing Awards, ten National Medals of Technology (USA) and five National Medals of Science (USA)."
}
] |
9aa2OCokEvGjux6EiQoj
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "People and culture | Employees",
"text": "IBM has several leadership development and recognition programs to recognize employee potential and achievements."
},
{
"section_header": "People and culture | Employees",
"text": "The company's most prestigious designation is that of IBM Fellow."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services",
"text": "IBM also owns The Weather Company, which provides weather forecasting and includes weather.com and Weather Underground."
},
{
"section_header": "People and culture | Employees",
"text": "IBM has one of the largest workforces in the world, and employees at Big Blue are referred to as \"IBMers\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nicknamed Big Blue, IBM is one of 30 companies included in the Dow Jones Industrial Average and one of the world's largest employers, with (as of 2018) over 352,600 employees, known as \"IBMers\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "By 1933 most of the subsidiaries had been merged into one company, IBM."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "It spanned the complete range of commercial and scientific applications from large to small, allowing companies to upgrade to models with greater computing capability without having to rewrite their applications."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services",
"text": "The computer should allow researchers to harness the technology without falling foul of the EU's increasingly assertive stance on data sovereignty."
},
{
"section_header": "Headquarters and offices",
"text": "IBM was recognized as one of the Top 20 Best Workplaces for Commuters by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 2005, which recognized Fortune 500 companies that provided employees with excellent commuter benefits to help reduce traffic and air pollution."
},
{
"section_header": "Brand and reputation",
"text": "That same year, it was also ranked the top company for leaders (Fortune), the number two green company in the U.S. (Newsweek), the second-most respected company (Barron's), the fifth-most admired company (Fortune), the 18th-most innovative company (Fast Company), and the number one in technology consulting and number two in outsourcing (Vault)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "IBM employees have been awarded five Nobel Prizes, six Turing Awards, ten National Medals of Technology (USA) and five National Medals of Science (USA)."
}
] |
IBM employees are not allowed to accept prestigious recognitions on their own behalf outide if the company.
| 3 | 8 |
IBM
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She has sometimes been called \"the mother of stem cells\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Vera Mikhaĭlovna Danchakoff (née Grigorevskaya, March 21, 1879 – September 22, 1950) was a Russian anatomist, cell biologist and embryologist."
}
] |
9agnOHxm7UmyF0qSZm7h
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Danchakoff was born in St Petersburg where her parents wanted her to study music or drawing."
},
{
"section_header": "Scientific career",
"text": "For these reasons Danchakoff has sometimes been called the \"mother of stem cells\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She married and her daughter, born in 1902 in Zurich, was Vera Evgenevna who went on to study at Columbia University and to marry Mikhail Lavrentyev, the mathematician."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She has sometimes been called \"the mother of stem cells\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Vera Mikhaĭlovna Danchakoff (née Grigorevskaya, March 21, 1879 – September 22, 1950) was a Russian anatomist, cell biologist and embryologist."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1915 Danchakoff emigrated to the United States where she was politically active, writing as the New York correspondent of the Moscow newspaper Utro Rossi (Russian Morning) and by helping the American Relief Administration with publicising the difficulties of Soviet scientists in working in Russia during the Great War, the Bolshevik Revolution and afterwards."
},
{
"section_header": "Scientific career",
"text": "Danchakoff published many books as well as scientific papers, possibly her last publications being Le sexe; rôle"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "At the time there was a strong Russian émigré community in New York and, with her husband, Danchakoff hosted lavish gatherings of friends."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "During the Russian famine of 1921–22 Danchakoff appealed for food parcels to be sent to Russia by publicizing the correspondence she had been receiving from scientific colleagues in Russia."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She used to look after their daughter Lina when her parents were away on their extended tours – Lina later was to marry Serge Prokofiev."
}
] |
Vera Danchakoff, known as "the mother of stem cells" was a Russian scientist who went against her parents wishes who wanted her to be an artist.
| 0 | 0 |
Vera Danchakoff
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He is of Polish descent. He attended Bridgeport High School in Bridgeport, Ohio, and was a boyhood friend of Basketball Hall-of-Famer"
}
] |
9apwHlt9eKplZ5QMJ0C9
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Second stint with the Atlanta Braves (1987)",
"text": "Niekro retired at the end of the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Niekro and his family support the students of Bridgeport High School with the proceeds from the annual golf tournament \"The Niekro Classic\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Niekro was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1997."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Niekro is a member of the Kiz Toys Board of Advisors."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Niekro tutored his nephew, Lance Niekro, to throw a knuckleball after Lance's unsuccessful stints as a power-hitting first base prospect with the San Francisco Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | New York Yankees (1984-1985)",
"text": "Instead, Niekro struck Burroughs out to end the game."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Second stint with the Atlanta Braves (1987)",
"text": "On September 23, 1987, Niekro signed with the Atlanta Braves."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With the 1979 Braves, Niekro finished with 21 wins and 20 losses."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "That season, Phil and Joe Niekro were NL co-leaders in wins."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Niekro was born in Blaine, Ohio, and grew up in Lansing, Ohio."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He is of Polish descent. He attended Bridgeport High School in Bridgeport, Ohio, and was a boyhood friend of Basketball Hall-of-Famer"
}
] |
Phiel Niekro had roots from Poland.
| 1 | 5 |
Phil Niekro
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man is the first novel of Irish writer James Joyce."
}
] |
9bi55B7FaBEm7Kk5heNY
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "Chamber Music, a book of Joyce's poems, was published in 1907.Joyce showed, in his own words, \"a scrupulous meanness\" in his use of materials for the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man is the first novel of Irish writer James Joyce."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters",
"text": "{{}} Stephen Dedalus – The main character of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Hugh Leonard's stage work Stephen D is an adaptation of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and Stephen Hero."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "In September 1907, however, he abandoned this work, and began a complete revision of the text and its structure, producing what became A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "After a stretch of failed attempts to get published and launch his own newspaper, Joyce then took jobs teaching, singing and reviewing books."
},
{
"section_header": "Style",
"text": "Joyce fully employs the free indirect style to demonstrate Stephen's intellectual development from his childhood, through his education, to his increasing independence and ultimate exile from Ireland as a young man."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "In 1911 Joyce flew into a fit of rage over the continued refusals by publishers to print Dubliners and threw the manuscript of Portrait into the fire."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "American modernist poet Ezra Pound had the novel serialised in the English literary magazine The Egoist in 1914 and 1915, and published as a book in 1916 by B. W. Huebsch of New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "While waiting on Dubliners to be published, Joyce reworked the core themes of the novel Stephen Hero he had begun in Ireland in 1904 and abandoned in 1907 into A Portrait, published in 1916, a year after he had moved back to Zürich in the midst of the First World War."
}
] |
A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man is Joyce's 2nd book of poems that was published.
| 0 | 0 |
A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Apprentice musician | Student and teacher",
"text": "In January 1844 Proksch agreed to take Smetana as a pupil, and at the same time the young musician's financial difficulties were eased when he secured an appointment as music teacher to the family of a nobleman, Count Thun."
}
] |
9bn7Rkh774hpjINsmjLr
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Apprentice musician | Student and teacher",
"text": "For the next three years, besides teaching piano to the Thun children, Smetana studied theory and composition under Proksch."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Apprentice musician | Student and teacher",
"text": "In 1846 Smetana attended concerts given in Prague by Berlioz, and in all likelihood met the French composer at a reception arranged by Proksch."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After conventional schooling, he studied music under Josef Proksch in Prague."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Piano works",
"text": "Under Proksch, however, Smetana acquired more polish, as revealed in works such as the G minor Sonata of 1846 and the E-flat Polka of the same year."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Apprentice musician | Student and teacher",
"text": "Proksch used the most modern teaching methods, drawing on Beethoven, Chopin, Berlioz and the Leipzig circle of Liszt."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Apprentice musician | Student and teacher",
"text": "In January 1844 Proksch agreed to take Smetana as a pupil, and at the same time the young musician's financial difficulties were eased when he secured an appointment as music teacher to the family of a nobleman, Count Thun."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Apprentice musician | Student and teacher",
"text": "Lacking any formal musical training, he needed a teacher, and was introduced by Kateřina Kolářová's mother to Josef Proksch, head of the Prague Music Institute—where Kateřina was now studying."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Reception",
"text": "As a young composer and pianist he was well regarded in Prague musical circles, and had the approval of Liszt, Proksch and others, but the public's lack of acknowledgement was a principal factor behind his self-imposed exile in Sweden."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early career | Piano Institute",
"text": "Proksch wrote of Smetana's support for his people's cause, and said that he \"could well become the transformer of my ideas in the Czech language.\" In 1849 the Institute was relocated to the home of Kateřina's parents, and began to attract distinguished visitors; Liszt came regularly, and the former Austrian emperor Ferdinand, who had settled in Prague, attended the school's matinée concerts."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Apprentice musician | First steps",
"text": "Smetana arrived in Prague in the autumn of 1839."
}
] |
Smetana was taught by Proksch.
| 0 | 0 |
Bedřich Smetana
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The superconductivity phenomenon was discovered in 1911 by Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes."
}
] |
9bxRsRxIKBFl2OyNnDvw
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History of superconductivity | London constitutive equations",
"text": "The first equation follows from Newton's second law for superconducting electrons."
},
{
"section_header": "History of superconductivity | Further history",
"text": "The first practical application of superconductivity was developed in 1954 with Dudley Allen Buck's invention of the cryotron."
},
{
"section_header": "History of superconductivity | London constitutive equations",
"text": "The theoretical model that was first conceived in human history for superconductivity was completely classical: it is summarized by London constitutive equations."
},
{
"section_header": "Elementary properties of superconductors | Phase transition",
"text": "Calculations in the 1970s suggested that it may actually be weakly first-order due to the effect of long-range fluctuations in the electromagnetic field."
},
{
"section_header": "Elementary properties of superconductors | Phase transition",
"text": "Cuprate superconductors can have much higher critical temperatures: YBa2Cu3O7, one of the first cuprate superconductors to be discovered, has a critical temperature above 90 K, and mercury-based cuprates have been found with critical temperatures in excess of 130 K."
},
{
"section_header": "Elementary properties of superconductors | Phase transition",
"text": "In the 1980s it was shown theoretically with the help of a disorder field theory, in which the vortex lines of the superconductor play a major role, that the transition is of second order within the type II regime and of first order (i.e., latent heat) within the type I regime, and that the two regions are separated by a tricritical point."
},
{
"section_header": "High-temperature superconductivity",
"text": "Hideo Hosono, of the Tokyo Institute of Technology, and colleagues found lanthanum oxygen fluorine iron arsenide (LaO1−xFxFeAs), an oxypnictide that superconducts below 26 K. Replacing the lanthanum in LaO1−xFxFeAs with samarium leads to superconductors that work at 55 K.In 2014 and 2015, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) at extremely high pressures (around 150 gigapascals) was first predicted and then confimed to be a high-temperature superconductor with a transition temperature of 80 K."
},
{
"section_header": "History of superconductivity",
"text": "In 1913, lead was found to superconduct at 7 K, and in 1941 niobium nitride was found to superconduct at 16 K."
},
{
"section_header": "History of superconductivity",
"text": "In subsequent decades, superconductivity was observed in several other materials."
},
{
"section_header": "High-temperature superconductivity",
"text": "This is currently the highest temperature at which any material has shown superconductivity."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The superconductivity phenomenon was discovered in 1911 by Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes."
}
] |
Superconductivity was first spotted in the 1910s.
| 0 | 0 |
Superconductivity
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William \"Buck\" Ewing (October 17, 1859 – October 20, 1906) was an American Major League Baseball player and manager."
}
] |
9c6EwqH1wfOdUSnTpC6l
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In addition to playing, Ewing managed for seven seasons: the 1890 (Players' League) Giants, the 1895–1899 Cincinnati Reds, and the first half of the season with the 1900 Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Born in Hoagland, Ohio, in 1859, Ewing joined the National League in 1880 as a member of the Troy Trojans, but rose to stardom in 1883 as a member of the New York Gothams, later known as the Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Playing until 1897 with the Giants, Cleveland Spiders and Cincinnati Reds, Ewing posted consistently superb offensive numbers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William \"Buck\" Ewing (October 17, 1859 – October 20, 1906) was an American Major League Baseball player and manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1890, when a player revolt led to the formation of the short-lived Players' League, Ewing led the New York franchise as both star player and manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Ewing also was used as an American Association umpire for two games on June 28 and July 4, 1882.Ewing died of diabetes in Cincinnati in 1906."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In the 1947 film Life with Father, set in the late 1800s, Clarence Day's son Clarence, Jr. announces to everyone that the morning paper noted Buck Ewing had hit a home run for the Giants the day before."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "\" Primarily a catcher, Ewing was versatile enough to play all nine positions and fast enough to steal 354 bases."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Ewing finished his career with a .303 lifetime batting average, 1129 runs, 883 RBI, 250 doubles, 178 triples, and 71 home runs – totals made more impressive by the fact he was playing annual seasons only 100-130 games long."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Lingering resentment in the wake of the league's establishment and demise has been suspected as a reason for his limited play in 1891 and subsequent move to Cleveland following the 1892 season."
}
] |
Buck Ewing played for the St. Louis Blues and the New York Giants who passed away in 1906 in Cincinnati.
| 2 | 6 |
Buck Ewing
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Film production",
"text": "Roberts runs the production company Red Om Films (Red Om is \"Moder\" spelled backwards, after her husband's last name) with her sister, Lisa Roberts Gillan, and Marisa Yeres Gill."
},
{
"section_header": "Film production",
"text": "Through Red Om, Roberts served as an executive producer of the first four films of the American Girl film series (based on the American Girl line of dolls), released between 2004 and 2008."
}
] |
9cSdLD8iuPalvGRXiFE0
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Julia Fiona Roberts (born October 28, 1967) is an American actress and producer."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and family",
"text": "Her older brother Eric Roberts (b. 1956), from whom she was estranged for several years until 2004, older sister Lisa Roberts Gillan (b. 1965), and niece Emma Roberts, are also actors."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | 1990s",
"text": "Roberts starred as one of five students conducting clandestine experiments that produce near-death experiences in the supernatural thriller Flatliners, in 1990."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Roberts was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or Movie for her performance in the HBO television film"
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | 2000s",
"text": "\"Her next film was Charlie Wilson's War, with Tom Hanks and Philip Seymour Hoffman, directed by Mike Nichols; Roberts played socialite Joanne Herring, the love interest of Democratic Texas Congressman Charles Wilson."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | 2010s",
"text": "Her role garnered her a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie."
},
{
"section_header": "Film production",
"text": "Through Red Om, Roberts served as an executive producer of the first four films of the American Girl film series (based on the American Girl line of dolls), released between 2004 and 2008."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | 2000s",
"text": "Reviews of the film were generally unfavorable: critics' felt that despite its famous cast, the movie lacked \"sympathetic characters\" and was \"only funny in spurts."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | 2010s",
"text": "The movie received generally mediocre reviews with only 35% of the 175 Rotten Tomatoes reviews giving it high ratings, although Roberts's comedic performance was praised."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Religious beliefs",
"text": "In 2010, Roberts said she was Hindu."
},
{
"section_header": "Film production",
"text": "Roberts runs the production company Red Om Films (Red Om is \"Moder\" spelled backwards, after her husband's last name) with her sister, Lisa Roberts Gillan, and Marisa Yeres Gill."
}
] |
Roberts has produced several of her own movies.
| 3 | 4 |
Julia Roberts
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They fended off several Roman attempts to recapture the African province, and sacked the city of Rome in 455."
}
] |
9d3SELFi6PpyIDJfNgLM
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Introduction into the Roman Empire",
"text": "These peoples appeared during the Marcomannic Wars, which resulted in widespread destruction and the first invasion of Italy in the Roman Empire period."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Introduction into the Roman Empire",
"text": "However they eventually caused problems in Dacia and moved further south, towards the lower Danube area."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Vandals and other \"barbarian\" groups had long been blamed for the fall of the Roman Empire by writers and historians."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Wolfram, Herwig (1997). The Roman Empire and Its Germanic Peoples."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Introduction into the Roman Empire",
"text": "In the 2nd century, two or three distinct Vandal peoples came to the attention of Roman authors, the Silingi, the Hasdingi, and possibly the Lacringi, who appear together with the Hasdingi."
},
{
"section_header": "Classification",
"text": "As the Vandals eventually came to live outside of Germania, they were not considered Germani by ancient Roman authors."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Origins | Early classical sources",
"text": "He names them as one of the groups sometimes thought to be one of the oldest divisions of these peoples, along with the Marsi, Gambrivii, Suebi but does not say where they live, or which peoples are within this category."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Origins | Early classical sources",
"text": "The earliest mention of the Vandals is from Pliny the Elder, who used the term Vandili in a broad way to define one of the major groupings of all Germanic peoples."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Kingdom in North Africa | Turbulent end",
"text": "Again, the Vandals fought well but broke, this time when Gelimer's brother Tzazo fell in battle."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Introduction into the Roman Empire",
"text": "Vandals raided the Roman province of Raetia in the winter of 401/402."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They fended off several Roman attempts to recapture the African province, and sacked the city of Rome in 455."
}
] |
The Vandals were a group of people that were eventually felled the Roman Empire.
| 0 | 0 |
Vandals
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Surname",
"text": "Abraham Mendelssohn renounced the Jewish religion prior to Felix's birth; he and his wife decided not to have Felix circumcised, in contravention of the Jewish tradition."
}
] |
9eEl3MoIW04CA6gYI2MO
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy (3 February 1809 – 4 November 1847), born and widely known as Felix Mendelssohn, was a German composer, pianist, organist and conductor of the early Romantic period."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Surname",
"text": "Felix and his siblings were at first brought up without religious education; on March 21, 1816, they were baptized in a private ceremony in the family's Berlin apartment by the Reformed Protestant minister of the Jerusalem Church, at which time Felix was given the additional names Jakob Ludwig."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Surname",
"text": "The name Bartholdy was added at the suggestion of Lea's brother, Jakob Salomon Bartholdy, who had inherited a property of this name in Luisenstadt and adopted it as his own surname."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Childhood",
"text": "His mother, Lea Salomon, was a member of the Itzig family and a sister of Jakob Salomon Bartholdy."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Career | Leipzig and Berlin",
"text": "In 1843 Mendelssohn founded a major music school – the Leipzig Conservatory, now the Hochschule für Musik und Theater \"Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Surname",
"text": "In an 1829 letter to Felix, Abraham explained that adopting the Bartholdy name was meant to demonstrate a decisive break with the traditions of his father Moses: \"There can no more be a Christian Mendelssohn than there can be a Jewish Confucius\". (Letter to Felix of 8 July 1829)."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Surname",
"text": "On embarking on his musical career, Felix did not entirely drop the name Mendelssohn as Abraham had requested, but in deference to his father signed his letters and had his visiting cards printed using the form 'Mendelssohn Bartholdy'."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Personal life | Religion",
"text": "Thus for example in a letter to his sister Rebecka, Mendelssohn rebukes her complaint about an unpleasant relative: \"What do you mean by saying you are not hostile to Jews?"
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Career | Musical education",
"text": "Later in Berlin, all four Mendelssohn children studied piano with Ludwig Berger, who was himself a former student of Muzio Clementi."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Childhood",
"text": "Mendelssohn's father, the banker Abraham Mendelssohn, was the son of the German Jewish philosopher Moses Mendelssohn, whose family was prominent in the German Jewish community."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Surname",
"text": "Abraham Mendelssohn renounced the Jewish religion prior to Felix's birth; he and his wife decided not to have Felix circumcised, in contravention of the Jewish tradition."
}
] |
Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy was the son of a Jew.
| 0 | 0 |
Felix Mendelssohn
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Charles Radbourn (the elder) had immigrated to the United States from Bristol, England, to find work as a butcher; Caroline followed soon after."
}
] |
9eGz6bPjDaoDRiDdyg6I
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Radbourn was born on December 11, 1854, in Rochester, New York, the second of eight children to Charles and Caroline (Gardner) Radbourn."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Charles Radbourn (the elder) had immigrated to the United States from Bristol, England, to find work as a butcher; Caroline followed soon after."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles Gardner Radbourn (December 11, 1854 – February 5, 1897), nicknamed \"Old Hoss\", was an American professional baseball pitcher who played 12 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1855, the Radbourn family moved to Bloomington, Illinois, where Radbourn was raised."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Radbourn was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1939."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Radbourn was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1939."
},
{
"section_header": "Providence Grays | 1884 season | Statistical notes",
"text": "all credit Radbourn with 60 wins (against 12 losses)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After a one-year stint with the club, Radbourn joined the Providence \"Grays."
},
{
"section_header": "Providence Grays | 1884 season",
"text": "Early in the season, Radbourn shared pitching duties with Charlie Sweeney."
},
{
"section_header": "Providence Grays | 1884 season | Statistical notes",
"text": "The official scorer decided that Radbourn had pitched the most effectively, and awarded him the win."
}
] |
Charles Radbourn had Irish roots.
| 0 | 0 |
Charles Radbourn
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "These products, embraced post-1848 as works of Romantic nationalism, are sometimes based on Danish folklore."
}
] |
9eX4DOqV2J4y2ESa992A
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Niels Wilhelm Gade (22 February 1817 – 21 December 1890) was a Danish composer, conductor, violinist, organist and teacher."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Supported by a Danish government fellowship, Gade moved to Leipzig, teaching at the Conservatory there, working as an assistant conductor of the Gewandhaus Orchestra, and befriending Mendelssohn, who had an important influence on his music."
},
{
"section_header": "Works",
"text": "He died in Copenhagen. See List of compositions by Niels Gade"
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "In Copenhagen Gade became acquainted with the composer Cornelius Gurlitt"
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "At Mendelssohn’s death in 1847, Gade was appointed to his position as chief conductor but was forced to return to Copenhagen in the spring of 1848 when war broke out between Prussia and Denmark."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "He established a new orchestra and chorus, while settling into a career as Denmark's most prominent musician."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "He began his career as a violinist with the Royal Danish Orchestra, which premiered his concert overture Efterklange af Ossian (\"Echoes of Ossian\") in 1841."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "An important influence on a number of Scandinavian composers, he encouraged and taught Edvard Grieg, Carl Nielsen, Elfrida Andrée, Otto Malling, August Winding and Asger Hamerik."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Gade was born in Copenhagen, the son of a joiner and instrument maker."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Apparently Gade never rated \"The Bridal Waltz\" (Brudevalsen)."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "These products, embraced post-1848 as works of Romantic nationalism, are sometimes based on Danish folklore."
}
] |
Orchestra conductor and composer Niels Wilhelm Gade was inspired by local legends and myths.
| 0 | 0 |
Niels Gade
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Origin",
"text": "The Three Musketeers was first published in serial form in the newspaper Le Siècle between March and July 1844."
}
] |
9fHUowXZOD1A9vzunre4
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Editions",
"text": "One of these, by William Barrow (1817–1877), is still in print and fairly faithful to the original, available in the Oxford World's Classics 1999 edition."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Three Musketeers is primarily a historical and adventure novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Video games and board games",
"text": "The Three Musketeers for Windows XP and Windows Vista."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Other",
"text": "The Three Mouseketeers was the title of two series produced by DC Comics; the first series was a loose parody of The Three Musketeers."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "The Three Musketeers (1921), a silent film adaptation starring Douglas Fairbanks."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television | Animation",
"text": "A Barbie adaption of the tale by the name of Barbie and the Three Musketeers was made in 2009."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Video Games",
"text": "In Pokémon Black and White, the Pokémon Terrakion, Cobalion, and Virizion are based on the Three Musketeers."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Web Series",
"text": "In 2016, KindaTV launched a web series based on the story of The Three Musketeers, called \"All For One\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin",
"text": "In the Preface, he tells of being inspired by a scene in Mémoires de Monsieur d'Artagnan (1700), a historical novel by Gatien de Courtilz de Sandras, printed by Pierre Rouge in Amsterdam, which Dumas discovered during his research for his history of Louis XIV."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Other",
"text": "In 1939, American author Tiffany Thayer published a book titled Three Musketeers (Thayer, 1939)."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin",
"text": "The Three Musketeers was first published in serial form in the newspaper Le Siècle between March and July 1844."
}
] |
The Three Musketeers was intially printed in a periopdical.
| 1 | 6 |
The Three Musketeers
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Proposals and logistics | Freight boats",
"text": "Migrants took passage on freight boats, camping on deck or on top of crates."
},
{
"section_header": "Proposals and logistics | Passenger boats",
"text": "Men and women boarded barges to venture west, to visit relatives, or just for a relaxing excursion."
}
] |
9fSsNea5hbz7N35oPM3l
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Proposals and logistics | Freight boats",
"text": "Pulled by teams of horses, canal boats moved slowly, but methodically, shrinking time and distance."
},
{
"section_header": "Proposals and logistics | Freight boats",
"text": "The driver (or \"hoggee\", pronounced HO-gee) of the privileged boat kept his towpath team by the canalside edge of the towpath, while the hoggee of the other boat moved to the outside of the towpath and stopped his team."
},
{
"section_header": "Proposals and logistics | Freight boats",
"text": "Efficiently, the smooth, nonstop method of transportation cut the travel time between Albany and Buffalo nearly in half, moving by day and by night."
},
{
"section_header": "Proposals and logistics | Freight boats",
"text": "Migrants took passage on freight boats, camping on deck or on top of crates."
},
{
"section_header": "Proposals and logistics | Engineering requirements",
"text": "To move earth, animals pulled a \"slip scraper\" (similar to a bulldozer)."
},
{
"section_header": "Proposals and logistics | Freight boats",
"text": "The canal had one towpath, generally on the north side."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact",
"text": "Vendors moved from boat to boat peddling items such as books, watches and fruit, while less scrupulous \"confidence men\" sold remedies for foot corns or passed off counterfeit bills."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "Soil to be moved was shoveled into large wheelbarrows that were dumped into mule-pulled carts."
},
{
"section_header": "Proposals and logistics | Freight boats",
"text": "When canal boats met, the boat with the right of way remained on the towpath side of the canal."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "An equally ancient solution was implemented in many cultures – floating vessels move more easily than land vehicles since friction is significantly less."
},
{
"section_header": "Proposals and logistics | Passenger boats",
"text": "Men and women boarded barges to venture west, to visit relatives, or just for a relaxing excursion."
}
] |
Boats on the Erie Canal moved freight, but were not equipped to move people.
| 0 | 0 |
Erie Canal
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Despite the high perception of crime, the city actually has a lower incidence of crime than most state capitals in Brazil."
}
] |
9fWKTr5NFLF4ZOErG2BS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rio de Janeiro is one of the most visited cities in the Southern Hemisphere and is known for its natural settings, Carnival, samba, bossa nova, and balneario beaches such as Barra da Tijuca, Copacabana, Ipanema, and Leblon."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Tourism",
"text": "The street and the nearby beach, famous tourist spots, are remarkable for their popularity in the LGBT community."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Theatre",
"text": "The exterior walls of the building are dotted with inscriptions bearing the names of famous Brazilians as well as many other international celebrities."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "do Rio de Janeiro; and the Natural History Museum."
},
{
"section_header": "Transportation | Public transportation | Ferry",
"text": "Many people who live in Niterói, as well its neighbouring municipalities São Gonçalo and Maricá, commute to Rio de Janeiro to study and work."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Movies",
"text": "The movie Rio and its sequel, Rio 2, were mainly set in Rio de Janeiro and the Amazon rainforest."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Despite the high perception of crime, the city actually has a lower incidence of crime than most state capitals in Brazil."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Events | Carnival",
"text": "Rio de Janeiro has many Carnaval choices, including the famous samba school (Escolas de Samba) parades in the sambadrome exhibition center and the popular blocos de carnaval, street revelry, which parade in almost every corner of the city."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | South Zone",
"text": "The South Zone of Rio de Janeiro (Zona Sul) is composed of several districts, among which are São Conrado, Leblon, Ipanema, Arpoador, Copacabana, and Leme, which compose Rio's famous Atlantic beach coastline."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "Major international films set in Rio de Janeiro include Blame it on Rio; the James Bond film Moonraker; the Oscar award-winning, critically acclaimed Central Station by Walter Salles, who is also one of Brazil's best-known directors; and the Oscar award-winning historical drama, Black Orpheus, which depicted the early days of Carnaval in Rio de Janeiro."
}
] |
Rio de Janeiro is known for beaches and carnival's natural setting with famous sightseeing spots available, as well as the knowledge that crime is a way of life for many.
| 0 | 0 |
Rio de Janeiro
|
Technology
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Inc. It was founded by Mark Zuckerberg, along with fellow Harvard College students and roommates Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes."
}
] |
9g5jYDvz7NzTqBUW1vEN
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Facebook (stylized as facebook) is an American online social media and social networking service based in Menlo Park, California and a flagship service of the namesake company Facebook,"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2006–2012: Public access, Microsoft alliance, and rapid growth",
"text": "the most used social networking service by worldwide monthly active users."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Inc. It was founded by Mark Zuckerberg, along with fellow Harvard College students and roommates Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2003–2006: Thefacebook, Thiel investment, and name change",
"text": "Zuckerberg built a website called \"Facemash\" in 2003 while attending Harvard University."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticisms and controversies | Privacy",
"text": "In 2010, the US National Security Agency began taking publicly posted profile information from Facebook, among other social media services."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticisms and controversies | Company governance | Litigation",
"text": "In October 2018 a Texan woman sued Facebook, claiming she had been recruited into the sex trade at the age of 15 by a man who \"friended\" her on the social media network."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact | Society",
"text": "Facebook was one of the first large-scale social networks."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact | Economy",
"text": "Facebook provides a development platform for many social gaming, communication, feedback, review, and other applications related to online activities."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact | Politics",
"text": "The new social media, such as Facebook and Twitter, connected hundreds of millions of people."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticisms and controversies | Company governance",
"text": "Facebook co-founder Chris Hughes states that CEO Mark Zuckerberg has too much power, that the company is now a monopoly, and that, as a result, it should be split into multiple smaller companies."
}
] |
Facebook is an online social media and networking service that was started by Mark Zuckerberg while he was attending college.
| 2 | 4 |
Facebook
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Khrushchev died in 1971 of a heart attack."
}
] |
9gfdZxtG6bCI5AAEhvVB
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Rise to power | Stalin's final years",
"text": "Khrushchev feared that Stalin would remove him from office, but the leader mocked Khrushchev, then allowed the episode to pass."
},
{
"section_header": "Leader (1953–1964) | Domestic policies | Consolidation of power; Secret Speech",
"text": "At that meeting, the three main conspirators were dubbed the Anti-Party Group, accused of factionalism and complicity in Stalin's crimes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Khrushchev died in 1971 of a heart attack."
},
{
"section_header": "Leader (1953–1964) | Domestic policies | Liberalization and the arts",
"text": "Once he did so, Khrushchev ordered a halt to the attacks on Pasternak."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise to power | Struggle for control",
"text": "This came due to concerns that he was acquiring too much power."
},
{
"section_header": "Removal",
"text": "Khrushchev was then taken to the Kremlin, to be verbally attacked by Brezhnev, Suslov and Shelepin."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "With the only way into the churchyard through the church, he had the coffin lifted and passed over the fence into the burial ground, shocking the village."
},
{
"section_header": "Leader (1953–1964) | Foreign and defense policies | United States and allies | U-2 and Berlin crisis (1960–1961)",
"text": "Khrushchev risked destroying the summit, due to start on 16 May in Paris, if he announced the shootdown, but would look weak in the eyes of his military and security forces if he did nothing."
},
{
"section_header": "Party official | Kaganovich protégé",
"text": "Within nine months his superior, Konstantin Moiseyenko, was ousted, which, according to Taubman, was due to Khrushchev's instigation."
},
{
"section_header": "Leader (1953–1964) | Domestic policies | Education",
"text": "He was unsuccessful, due to resistance from professors and students, who never actually disagreed with the premier, but who did not carry out his proposals."
}
] |
Khrushchev passed due to complications from an attack.
| 0 | 0 |
Nikita Khrushchev
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Looking Backward: 2000–1887 is a utopian novel by Edward Bellamy, a journalist and writer from Chicopee Falls, Massachusetts; it was first published in 1888.It"
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Bellamy's novel tells the story of a hero figure named Julian West, a young American, who towards the end of the 19th century, falls into a deep, hypnosis-induced sleep and wakes up 113 years later."
}
] |
9gg83wzr4uguReu5RNZ2
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reaction and sequels",
"text": "The back-and-forth nature of the debate is illustrated by the subtitle of Geissler's 1891 Looking Beyond, which is \"A Sequel to 'Looking Backward' by Edward Bellamy and an Answer to 'Looking Forward' by Richard Michaelis\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"It is one of the few books ever published that created almost immediately on its appearance"
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "In one case, Bellamy even writes, \"the nation is the sole employer and capitalist\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "a political mass movement\". In the United States alone, over 162 \"Bellamy Clubs\" sprang up to discuss and propagate the book's ideas."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "One professional judge presides, appointing two colleagues to state the prosecution and defense cases."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "The novel was again serialized in China in 1898, in Zhongguo guanyin baihua bao (中國官音白話報); and in 1904, under the title Huitou kan (Looking Backward), within Xiuxiang xiaoshuo (繡像小說; Illustrated Fiction).The book remains in print in multiple editions, with one publisher alone having reissued the title in a printing of 100,000 copies in 1945."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and later responses",
"text": "Looking Backward was rewritten in 1974 by American socialist science fiction writer Mack Reynolds as Looking Backward from the Year 2000."
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction and sequels",
"text": "In the 1930s, there was a revival of interest in Looking Backward."
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction and sequels",
"text": "J.W. Looking Within: The Misleading Tendencies of \"Looking Backward\" Made Manifest (1893) Sanders, G.A. Reality: or Law and order vs. Anarchy and Socialism, A Reply to Edward Bellamy’s Looking Backward and Equality (1898) Satterlee, W.W. Looking Backward and What I Saw (1890) Vinton,"
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction and sequels",
"text": "November 1890, Mar–Apr 1891) Schindler, S. 'Dr. Leete's Letter to Julian West', The Nationalist (September 1890) Schindler, S. Young West: A Sequel to Edward Bellamy's Celebrated Novel \" Looking Backward\" (1894) Stone, C.H. One of Berrian's Novels (1890) Worley, F.U. Three Thousand Dollars a Year (1890) [a gradualist utopia]"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Looking Backward: 2000–1887 is a utopian novel by Edward Bellamy, a journalist and writer from Chicopee Falls, Massachusetts; it was first published in 1888.It"
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Bellamy's novel tells the story of a hero figure named Julian West, a young American, who towards the end of the 19th century, falls into a deep, hypnosis-induced sleep and wakes up 113 years later."
}
] |
Looking Backward is about an old woman looking back on her life and the opportunities she had to pass up on because of the society she grew up in keeping women in the home.
| 3 | 5 |
Looking Backward
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fox played in the big leagues from 1947 through 1965 and spent the majority of his career as a member of the Chicago White Sox; his career was bookended by multi-year stints for the Philadelphia Athletics and, later, the Houston Astros."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "\" On May 1, 1976, Fox's uniform number 2 was retired by the White Sox; he is the second of ten White Sox players to have his uniform number retired."
}
] |
9gnxam1VIkj3j8Af1cE7
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues",
"text": "Fox's major league career began in 1947 when he started to play for the Philadelphia Athletics, but he played mostly in the minor leagues, appearing in a total of ten MLB games in 1947 and 1948."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fox played in the big leagues from 1947 through 1965 and spent the majority of his career as a member of the Chicago White Sox; his career was bookended by multi-year stints for the Philadelphia Athletics and, later, the Houston Astros."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "\" On May 1, 1976, Fox's uniform number 2 was retired by the White Sox; he is the second of ten White Sox players to have his uniform number retired."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | 1959 season",
"text": "In Game 5, Fox scored the only run when Sherm Lollar hit into a double play in the fourth inning (this was only the second time that a World Series game did not have an RBI)."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues",
"text": "Fox appeared in 88 of the Athletics games that season, and contributed to 68 of the team's double plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues",
"text": "He spent the next 14 seasons with the Sox, making 12 AL All-Star teams and 15 of 16 AL All-Star Game selections beginning in 1951 (two All-Star games were played in 1959 through 1962) when he batted .313."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Jim Lemon, who played for the White Sox with Fox in 1963, said that Fox's cancer \"had to be incurable – because if it wasn't, Nellie would have beat it.\" Former White Sox manager Al López described how Fox had found success through hard work rather than natural ability: \"He wasn't fast and didn't have an arm, but he worked hard to develop what he needed to make himself a good all-around ballplayer."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | Defensive skills",
"text": "He played next to a pair of slick-fielding White Sox shortstops from Venezuela, Chico Carrasquel (1950–55) and Luis Aparicio (1956–62)."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues",
"text": "The Athletics traded Fox to the Chicago White Sox for Joe Tipton on October 29, 1949."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | 1959 season",
"text": "The Al López-managed White Sox had the best record in baseball, going 94-60 to finish five games ahead of the Cleveland Indians and a surprising 15 ahead of the New York Yankees."
}
] |
Nelson Fox played in the big leagues from 1947 through 1965, appearing in a total of ten MLB games in 1947 and 1948, he also had his White Sox jersey number retired when he left.
| 0 | 0 |
Nellie Fox
|
Literature
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Date",
"text": "The Gita is considered by many to be more than 4500 years old."
}
] |
9hFSa6KRZIkA65dOrSgq
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Date",
"text": "Scholars accept dates from the fifth century to the second century BCE as the probable range, the latter likely."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Dharma | The Field of Dharma",
"text": "According to Fowler, dharma in this verse may refer to the sanatana dharma, \"what Hindus understand as their religion, for it is a term that encompasses wide aspects of religious and traditional thought and is more readily used for religion\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Date",
"text": "This suggests a terminus ante quem (latest date) of the Gita to be sometime prior to the 1st century CE."
},
{
"section_header": "Date",
"text": "The Hinduism scholar Jeaneane Fowler, in her commentary on the Gita, considers second century BCE to be the probable date of composition."
},
{
"section_header": "Date",
"text": "This would date the text as transmitted by the oral tradition to the later centuries of the 1st-millennium BCE, and the first written version probably to the 2nd or 3rd century CE.According to Jeaneane Fowler, \"the dating of the Gita varies considerably\" and depends in part on whether one accepts it to be a part of the early versions of the Mahabharata, or a text that was inserted into the epic at a later date."
},
{
"section_header": "Date",
"text": "The Gita is considered by many to be more than 4500 years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Bhashya (commentaries) | Modern era commentaries",
"text": "No book was more central to Gandhi's life and thought that the Bhagavad Gita, which he referred to as his \"spiritual dictionary\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Date",
"text": "The dating of the Gita is thus dependent on the uncertain dating of the Mahabharata."
},
{
"section_header": "Date",
"text": "Such an era emerged after the rise of Buddhism and Jainism in the 5th century BCE, and particularly after the semi-legendary life of Ashoka in 3rd century BCE."
},
{
"section_header": "Date",
"text": "He states that the Gita was always a part of the Mahabharata, and dating the latter suffices in dating the Gita."
}
] |
It is widely thought that it dates back to be more than 45 centuries.
| 3 | 6 |
Bhagavadgita
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Clapton was born on 30 March 1945 in Ripley, Surrey, England, to 16-year-old Patricia Molly Clapton (7 January 1929 – March 1999) and Edward Walter Fryer (21 March 1920 – 15 May 1985), a 25-year-old soldier from Montreal, Quebec."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Fryer shipped off to war prior to Clapton's birth and then returned to Canada."
}
] |
9hKetVY6gvjFMzWKhvz0
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Years later, his mother married another Canadian soldier and moved to Germany, leaving young Eric with his grandparents in Surrey."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "And no one did more to create that cult than Eric Clapton."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Continued success",
"text": "While on tour for August, two concert videos were recorded of the four-man band: Eric Clapton Live from Montreux and Eric Clapton and Friends."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Collaboration albums",
"text": "Fryer was a musician (piano and saxophone) and a lifelong drifter who was married several times, had several children, and apparently never knew that he was the father of Eric Clapton."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Before Eric, guitar playing in England had been Hank Marvin of the Shadows, very simple, not much technique."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early career, breakthrough, and international success | Cream",
"text": "Would Eric have become a Beatle?"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | \"Layla\" and solo career | Derek and the Dominos",
"text": "Despite Clapton's later admission that the tour took place amid a blizzard of drugs and alcohol, it resulted in the live double album In Concert."
},
{
"section_header": "Guitars",
"text": "The first—used during the recording of Eric Clapton—was \"Brownie\", which in 1973 became the backup to the most famous of all Clapton's guitars, \"Blackie\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Collaboration albums",
"text": "Kristen Foster, a spokesperson, said, \"Eric Clapton receives numerous offers to play in countries around the world\", and \"[t]here is no agreement whatsoever for him to play in North Korea\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Guitars",
"text": "One was presented to Clapton upon the model's release and was used for three numbers during a concert at the Royal Albert Hall on 17 May 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Clapton was born on 30 March 1945 in Ripley, Surrey, England, to 16-year-old Patricia Molly Clapton (7 January 1929 – March 1999) and Edward Walter Fryer (21 March 1920 – 15 May 1985), a 25-year-old soldier from Montreal, Quebec."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Fryer shipped off to war prior to Clapton's birth and then returned to Canada."
}
] |
Eric Clapton's father took his mother on a trip to the US to watch Eric play in concert for their Golden Anniversary.
| 0 | 0 |
Eric Clapton
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Otto finally returned to Germany in August 972 and died at Memleben in May 973."
}
] |
9hQGRTnAXi0X9cs6UfrE
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), traditionally known as Otto the Great (German: Otto der Große, Italian: Ottone il Grande), was German king from 936 and Holy Roman Emperor from 962 until his death in 973."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign as emperor | Second Italian Expedition and imperial coronation",
"text": "Otto's army descended into northern Italy in August 961 through the Brenner Pass at Trento."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Otto finally returned to Germany in August 972 and died at Memleben in May 973."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years and death",
"text": "On 8 May 973, the lords of the Empire confirmed Otto II as their new ruler."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and children",
"text": "Holy Roman Emperor from 973 until death"
},
{
"section_header": "Final years and death",
"text": "In the spring of 973, the Emperor visited Saxony and celebrated Palm Sunday in Magdeburg."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years and death",
"text": "Celebrating Easter with a great assembly in Quedlinburg, Emperor Otto was the most powerful man in Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and children",
"text": "In relation to the other members of his dynasty, Otto I was the son of Henry I, father of Otto II, grandfather of Otto III, and great-uncle to Henry II."
},
{
"section_header": "Expansion into Italy | Disputed Italian throne",
"text": "Knowing of her great beauty and immense wealth, Otto accepted Adelaide's marriage proposal and prepared for an expedition into Italy."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign as king | War in France",
"text": "In response, Otto allied with Louis's chief antagonist, Hugh the Great, Count of Paris, and husband of Otto's sister Hedwige."
}
] |
Otto the Great passed away in 973.
| 0 | 0 |
Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "Chylak died of a heart attack at age 59 in Dunmore, Pennsylvania, and was survived by his wife Sue, his sons Robert and William, and seven grandchildren."
}
] |
9heCnXpYHji7jL7ciyuX
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Chylak was born in Olyphant, Pennsylvania."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Chylak worked the first American League Championship Series in 1969."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His parents, Nestor Sr. and Nellie, were of Ukrainian descent; Chylak was the first of their five children."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Chylak declared the game a forfeit after he sustained a facial wound from being hit with a chair."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "After a year in amateur baseball, Chylak moved into the minor leagues as a Pennsylvania-Ontario-New York League umpire."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "Chylak died of a heart attack at age 59 in Dunmore, Pennsylvania, and was survived by his wife Sue, his sons Robert and William, and seven grandchildren."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Chylak was in the umpire's dressing room at Comiskey Park on Disco Demolition Night, a July 12, 1979, doubleheader between the Detroit Tigers and Chicago White Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "When American League president Lee MacPhail decided the White Sox must forfeit the second game, Chylak was the one who informed White Sox owner Bill Veeck."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nestor George Chylak Jr. (; May 11, 1922 – February 17, 1982) was an American umpire in Major League Baseball who worked in the American League from 1954 to 1978."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Upon his death, Bowie Kuhn said that \"few have ever been more respected in his field than Mr. Chylak.\" AL president Lee MacPhail said, \"He was considered an outstanding teacher and certainly one of the finest umpires in major league baseball in modern times."
}
] |
Chylak passed due to cancer.
| 0 | 2 |
Nestor Chylak
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "It was produced by Cheryl Crawford, written by Tennessee Williams; incidental music by David Diamond, staged by Daniel Mann, scenic design by Boris Aronson, costume designed by Rose Bogadnoff, lighting designed by Charles Elson, general manager John Yorke, stage manager Ralph De Launey, conductor and harpist Nettie Druzinsky, musicians: Michael Danzi, Jack Linx and Frank Kutak, production associate Bea Lawrene, and press representative Wolfe Kauffman."
}
] |
9htS2cEexJw7wQE66fz8
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "Other original cast members of the 1951 Broadway play included Martin Balsam and Vivian Nathan."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "The original production of The Rose Tattoo premiered February 3, 1951, at the Martin Beck Theatre (now known as the Al Hirschfeld Theatre) and concluded October 27, 1951, with a total of 306 performances."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "The original Broadway play starred Maureen Stapleton, Phyllis Love, and Eli Wallach."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "The play was revived in 1966, again starring Maureen Stapleton, with Maria Tucci replacing Phyllis Love in the role of Rose Delle Rose."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Rose Tattoo is a three-act play written by Tennessee Williams in 1949 and 1950; after its Chicago premiere on December 29, 1950, he made further revisions to the play for its Broadway premiere on February 2, 1951, and its publication by New Directions the following month."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast | 1951 Original Broadway Production",
"text": "Rose Rose Eli Wallach – Alvaro Mangiacavallo"
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "The play was recreated for a July 5, 1953, hour-long radio adaptation on the program Best Plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Rose Tattoo tells the story of an Italian-American widow in Mississippi who has withdrawn from the world after her husband's death and expects her daughter to do the same."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "Tucci was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play for her performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast | 1951 Original Broadway Production",
"text": "Miss Yorke Miss Yorke Phyllis Love – Rosa Delle Rose"
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "It was produced by Cheryl Crawford, written by Tennessee Williams; incidental music by David Diamond, staged by Daniel Mann, scenic design by Boris Aronson, costume designed by Rose Bogadnoff, lighting designed by Charles Elson, general manager John Yorke, stage manager Ralph De Launey, conductor and harpist Nettie Druzinsky, musicians: Michael Danzi, Jack Linx and Frank Kutak, production associate Bea Lawrene, and press representative Wolfe Kauffman."
}
] |
The original production of The Rose Tattoo included someone who played the mandolin.
| 0 | 0 |
The Rose Tattoo
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Mason has had a distinguished career in film and theater."
}
] |
9hxw3xQyZS17W7x7ixcE
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Marsha Mason (born April 3, 1942) is an American actress and director."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "For her performance as Georgia Hines, Mason was highly praised and earned a fourth Best Actress Oscar nomination."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Mason reunited with Goodbye Girl co-star Richard Dreyfuss and writer Neil Simon in Duncan Weldon and Emanuel Azenberg's production of The Prisoner of Second Avenue in 1999, which was performed at the L.A. Theatre Works shortly after a revival in London's West End."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Mason has had a distinguished career in film and theater."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "She appeared in Charles L. Mee's Wintertime at the Second Stage theatre in New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "By this time, Mason and Simon had divorced, and her film career lost momentum."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "She next directed the play Juno's Swans (1986), by E. Katherine Kerr, at the Second Stage Theatre in Los Angeles."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mason's film debut was in the 1966 film Hot Rod Hullabaloo."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "She appeared in A Feminine Ending at Playwrights Horizons, and in the Shakespeare Theater Company's performance of All's Well That Ends Well in Washington, D.C.Mason's recent television work includes guest roles on Seinfeld, Lipstick Jungle, and Army Wives."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Mason also played a supporting role in the 1990 motion picture Stella starring Bette Midler, a remake of the 1937 film Stella Dallas."
}
] |
Marsha Mason has only been officially recognized and praised for her work in filmed media, rather than live theatre.
| 0 | 0 |
Marsha Mason
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cannery Row is the waterfront street in the New Monterey section of Monterey, California."
}
] |
9i9nNb1wvLpk2j56cYBZ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was the site of a number of now-defunct sardine canning factories."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cannery Row is the waterfront street in the New Monterey section of Monterey, California."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In his investigation of where the sardines had gone, Ed Ricketts finally concluded \"They're in cans."
},
{
"section_header": "Today",
"text": "Cannery Row itself is now a tourist attraction with many restaurants and hotels, several of which are located in former cannery buildings, and a few historic attractions."
},
{
"section_header": "Today",
"text": "The Monterey Bay Aquarium (opened in 1984) is located at the north end of Cannery Row, at the former site of the major Hovden Cannery."
},
{
"section_header": "Today",
"text": "By canning squid at the end of its life, Hovden Cannery managed to outlast its neighbors, finally closing its doors in 1973 when it became the last cannery on the row to close."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "A historical marker is located on the site of the former mansion."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The street name, formerly a nickname for Ocean View Avenue, became official in January 1958 to honor John Steinbeck and his well-known novel Cannery Row."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In the novel's opening sentence, Steinbeck described the street as \"a poem, a stink, a grating noise, a quality of light, a tone, a habit, a nostalgia, a dream.\" Cannery Row was the setting of John Steinbeck's novels Cannery Row (1945) and Sweet Thursday (1954)."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Both were the basis for the 1982 movie Cannery Row, starring Nick Nolte and Debra Winger."
}
] |
Cannery Row is the waterfront street in Tijuana, Mexico and was once a site of many sardine canning factories.
| 0 | 0 |
Cannery Row
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His role in helping form the nation, however, would be overshadowed when he killed fellow Founding Father Alexander Hamilton in an 1804 duel and the charges of treason brought against him in 1807."
}
] |
9iP9lCt56Jl6HrKHp5Cd
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Duel with Alexander Hamilton",
"text": "O. Stewart, in his biography of Burr, American Emperor, notes that the reports of Hamilton's intentionally missing Burr with his shot began to be published in newspaper reports in papers friendly to Hamilton only in the days after his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Duel with Alexander Hamilton",
"text": "Alexander Hamilton also opposed Burr, due to his belief that Burr had entertained a Federalist secession movement in New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Duel with Alexander Hamilton",
"text": "Additionally, Hamilton wrote several letters, including a Statement on Impending Duel With Aaron Burr and his last missives to his wife dated before the duel, which also attest to his intention."
},
{
"section_header": "Duel with Alexander Hamilton",
"text": "Burr lost the election to little known Morgan Lewis, in what was the most significant margin of loss in New York's history up to that time."
},
{
"section_header": "Duel with Alexander Hamilton",
"text": "But Ron Chernow, in his biography, Alexander Hamilton, states Hamilton told numerous friends well before the duel of his intention to avoid firing at Burr."
},
{
"section_header": "Duel with Alexander Hamilton",
"text": "Before the duel proper, Hamilton took a good deal of time getting used to the feel and weight of the pistol (which had been used in the duel at the same Weehawken site in which his 19-year-old son had been killed), as well as putting on his glasses to see his opponent more clearly."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Aaron Burr Jr. (February 6, 1756 – September 14, 1836) was an American politician and lawyer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His role in helping form the nation, however, would be overshadowed when he killed fellow Founding Father Alexander Hamilton in an 1804 duel and the charges of treason brought against him in 1807."
},
{
"section_header": "Duel with Alexander Hamilton",
"text": "Hamilton replied that Burr should give specifics of Hamilton's remarks, not Cooper's."
},
{
"section_header": "Duel with Alexander Hamilton",
"text": "The seconds placed Hamilton so that Burr would have the rising sun behind him, and during the brief duel, one witness reported, Hamilton seemed to be hindered by this placement as the sun was in his eyes."
}
] |
American politican Aaron Burr is most known for killing Alexander Hamilton.
| 1 | 2 |
Aaron Burr
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Historical impact",
"text": "The fame that Longfellow brought to Revere, however, did not materialize until after the Civil War amidst the Colonial Revival Movement of the 1870s."
}
] |
9j8cnwTRrv4sviPiNArv
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "The phrase \"Hardly a man is now alive\" was true as one of the last men alive at the time had only recently died."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical response | Modern",
"text": "Revere, Dawes, and Prescott were stopped by British troops in Lincoln on the road to Concord."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical impact",
"text": "For a long time, historians of the American Revolution as well as textbook writers relied almost entirely on Longfellow's poem as historical evidence – creating substantial misconceptions in the minds of the American people."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical impact",
"text": "It was won by Cyrus Edwin Dallin, although his model was not accepted until 1899, and the statue was not dedicated until 1940."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical impact",
"text": "The fame that Longfellow brought to Revere, however, did not materialize until after the Civil War amidst the Colonial Revival Movement of the 1870s."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history",
"text": "Longfellow's family had a connection to the historical Paul Revere."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical impact",
"text": "It stands in \"Paul Revere Plaza,\" opposite the Old North Church."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical response | Modern",
"text": "Another inaccuracy is a general lengthening of the time frame of the night's events."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical response | Modern",
"text": "Of the three riders, only Prescott arrived at Concord in time to warn the militia there."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "The poem is spoken by the landlord of the Wayside Inn and tells a partly fictionalized story of Paul Revere."
}
] |
Paul Revere wasn't even famous for a long time, until after Abraham Lincoln died.
| 2 | 4 |
Paul Revere's Ride
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Play",
"text": "Adamantean proof; ... Then with what trivial weapon came to hand, The jaw of a dead ass, his sword of bone, A thousand foreskins fell (lines 129–134, 142–4)Although"
}
] |
9jQqeJsKTsByPX9386ae
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Play",
"text": "last two hundred and fifty lines describe the violent act that actually occurs while the play was unfolding: Samson is granted the power to destroy the temple and kill all of the Philistines along with himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Violence",
"text": "Acts of violence are an important theme within Samson Agonistes as the play attempts to deal with revenge and the destruction of God's enemies."
},
{
"section_header": "Play",
"text": "The Chorus discusses how God grants individuals with the power to free his people from their bonds, especially through violent means: He all their ammunition"
},
{
"section_header": "Play",
"text": "Samson is \"Blind among enemies, O worse than chains\" (line 66)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Is Added / Samson Agonistes\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Play",
"text": "Near the beginning of the play, Samson humbles himself before God by admitting that his power is not his own: \"God, when he gave me strength, to show withal /"
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "the Firebrand, or Samson the Violent\"), Samson marriing or in Ramath Lechi, and Dagonalia (the unholy rites at which Samson performed his vindication of God)."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "This merging of two forms alters Samson from a rough barbarian into a pious warrior of God."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Blindness",
"text": "Novelist Aldous Huxley used it as the title for his 1936 novel Eyeless in Gaza."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Religion",
"text": "In his searching for a way to return to being true to God and to serve his will, Samson is compared to the non-conformists after the English Restoration who are attacked and abused simply because they, according to their own view, serve God in the correct way."
},
{
"section_header": "Play",
"text": "Adamantean proof; ... Then with what trivial weapon came to hand, The jaw of a dead ass, his sword of bone, A thousand foreskins fell (lines 129–134, 142–4)Although"
}
] |
Samson Agonistes used a massive club granted by God to kill thousands of his enemies.
| 0 | 0 |
Samson Agonistes
|
Popular Culture
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Kunis had accepted Moore's invitation in July after he posted it as a YouTube video while serving with the 3rd Battalion, 2nd Marine Regiment, in Afghanistan's Helmand province."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships",
"text": "They became engaged in February 2014, and married during the first weekend of July 2015 in Oak Glen, California."
}
] |
9jSP1nwRBQKjyj2kzghj
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships",
"text": "Show co-star Ashton Kutcher in April 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In November 2011, Kunis was escorted by Sgt."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Scott Moore to a United States Marine Corps Ball in Greenville, North Carolina."
},
{
"section_header": "In the media",
"text": "GQ magazine named Kunis the Knockout of the Year for 2011, with Men's Health naming her one of the \"100 Hottest Women of All-Time\"."
},
{
"section_header": "In the media",
"text": "\" Maxim has consistently ranked Kunis on its Hot 100 list, reaching a ranking of number 5 in both 2009 and 2011 and number 3 in 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships",
"text": "During their relationship, there were rumors of the couple getting married, but Kunis denied them."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Kunis had accepted Moore's invitation in July after he posted it as a YouTube video while serving with the 3rd Battalion, 2nd Marine Regiment, in Afghanistan's Helmand province."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2001–2008: Transition to film",
"text": "Director John Moore defended his choice of Kunis saying, \"Mila just bowled us over..... She wasn't an obvious choice, but she just wears Mona so well."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2009–2012: Film breakthrough and acclaim",
"text": "Kunis was cast alongside Justin Timberlake in the 2011 romantic comedy Friends with Benefits."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships",
"text": "They became engaged in February 2014, and married during the first weekend of July 2015 in Oak Glen, California."
}
] |
To avoid media scrutiny, Kunis got married to Ashton Kutcher in 2011 Afghanistan at the invitation of Sgt. Scott Moore.
| 4 | 6 |
Mila Kunis
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Strauss had two younger brothers, Josef and Eduard Strauss, who became composers of light music as well, although they were never as well known as their older brother."
}
] |
9jlxVP1nrkzdBY6FqvnB
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "The Strauss Museum is about the whole family with a focus on Johann Strauss II."
},
{
"section_header": "Career advancements",
"text": "In the case of Strauss during his visit to America, his valet obliged by clipping Strauss' black Newfoundland dog and providing \"authentic Strauss hair\" to adoring female fans."
},
{
"section_header": "Portrayals in the media",
"text": "The lives of the Strauss dynasty members and their world-renowned craft of composing Viennese waltzes are also briefly documented in several television adaptations, such as The Strauss Family (1972), The Strauss Dynasty (1991) and Strauss, the King of 3/4 Time (1995)."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical rivals and admirers",
"text": "Richard Strauss (unrelated to the Strauss family), when writing his Rosenkavalier waltzes, said in reference to Johann Strauss, \"How could I forget the laughing genius of Vienna?\"Johannes Brahms was a personal friend of Strauss; the latter dedicated his waltz \"Seid umschlungen, Millionen!\" (\"Be Embraced, You Millions!\"), Op. 443, to him."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "It seems that rather than trying to avoid a Strauss rivalry, the elder Strauss only wanted his son to escape the rigours of a musician's life."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "Most of the Strauss works that are performed today may once have existed in a slightly different form, as Eduard Strauss destroyed much of the original Strauss orchestral archives in a furnace factory in Vienna's Mariahilf district in 1907."
},
{
"section_header": "Portrayals in the media",
"text": "Tom and Jerry features a mouse mesmerised by the playing of several Strauss waltzes by Johann Strauss himself, and later, by Tom."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Johann Strauss II (born Johann Baptist Strauss; 25 October 1825 – 3 June 1899), also known as Johann Strauss Jr., the Younger, the Son (German: Sohn), son of Johann Strauss I, was an Austrian composer of light music, particularly dance music and operettas."
},
{
"section_header": "Debut as a composer",
"text": "When the elder Strauss died from scarlet fever in Vienna in 1849, the younger Strauss merged both their orchestras and engaged in further tours."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "In addition, the Wiener Johann Strauss Orchester, which was formed in 1966, pays tribute to the touring orchestras which once made the Strauss family so famous."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Strauss had two younger brothers, Josef and Eduard Strauss, who became composers of light music as well, although they were never as well known as their older brother."
}
] |
Strauss was the eldest of his siblings.
| 1 | 4 |
Johann Strauss, the Younger
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Niekro's 318 career victories are the most by a knuckleball pitcher and rank 16th on MLB's all-time wins list."
}
] |
9jts3py2lufi3iXHRrAH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Philip Henry Niekro (pronounced NEE-kro) (born April 1, 1939), nicknamed \"Knucksie\", is an American former baseball pitcher who played 24 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), 20 of them with the Milwaukee / Atlanta Braves."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In addition, Phil played American Legion Baseball growing up."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Second stint with the Atlanta Braves (1987)",
"text": "His total of 5,404⅓ innings pitched is the most by any pitcher in the post-1920 live-ball era."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Phil and his younger brother Joe Niekro amassed 539 wins between them, the most combined wins by brothers in baseball history."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "John Havlicek. The baseball field on which he played at Bridgeport High School's Perkins Field athletic complex was renamed \"The Niekro Diamond\" in 2008 after both Phil and his brother, fellow major league pitcher Joe Niekro."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Second stint with the Atlanta Braves (1987)",
"text": "He set a major league record by playing 24 seasons in the major leagues without a World Series appearance."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "That season, Phil and Joe Niekro were NL co-leaders in wins."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Niekro remains the last MLB pitcher to have both won and lost 20 or more games in the same season."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | New York Yankees (1984-1985)",
"text": "On October 6, 1985, Niekro gained entry into the 300 win club with a shutout win over the Toronto Blue Jays."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Niekro was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1997."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Niekro's 318 career victories are the most by a knuckleball pitcher and rank 16th on MLB's all-time wins list."
}
] |
Phil Niekro is an American former baseball pitcher who played 24 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) and over 400 total career wins.
| 0 | 0 |
Phil Niekro
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Almost the entire work is made up of 389 fourteen-line stanzas (5,446 lines in all) of iambic tetrameter with the unusual rhyme scheme \"AbAbCCddEffEgg\", where the uppercase letters represent feminine rhymes while the lowercase letters represent masculine rhymes."
}
] |
9kBBn4mLI2juqwtGRc0Z
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Yevgeniy Onegin, IPA: [jɪvˈɡʲenʲɪj ɐˈnʲeɡʲɪn]) is a novel in verse written by Alexander Pushkin."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV, Radio or theatrical adaptations | Film",
"text": "In 1911, the first screen version of the novel was filmed: the Russian silent film Yevgeni Onegin (\"Eugene Onegin\"), directed by Vasily Goncharov and starring Arseniy Bibikov, Petr Birjukov, and Pyotr Chardynin."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Eugene Onegin (pre-reform Russian: Евгеній Онѣгинъ; post-reform Russian: Евгений Онегин, tr."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV, Radio or theatrical adaptations | Film",
"text": "In 1919, a silent film Eugen Onegin, based on the novel, was produced in Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV, Radio or theatrical adaptations | Film",
"text": "In 1958, Lenfilm produced a TV film Eugene Onegin, which was not in fact a screen version of the novel, but a screen version of the opera Eugene Onegin by Tchaikovsky."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations",
"text": "This particular challenge and the importance of Eugene Onegin in Russian literature have resulted in an impressive number of competing translations."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication",
"text": "As with many other 19th-century novels, Onegin was written and published serially, with parts of each chapter often appearing in magazines before the first printing of each chapter."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations | Into English | Arndt and Nabokov",
"text": "The discussion of the Onegin stanza in the first volume contains the poem On Translating \"Eugene Onegin\", which first appeared in print in The New Yorker on January 8, 1955, and is written in two Onegin stanzas."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations | Into other languages | Spanish",
"text": "Eugene Onegin was given a direct Spanish translation preserving the original Russian poetic form with notes and illustrations by Alberto Musso Nicholas, published by Mendoza, Argentina, Zeta Publishers in April 2005."
},
{
"section_header": "Main characters",
"text": "Eugene Onegin: A dandy from Saint Petersburg, about 26."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Almost the entire work is made up of 389 fourteen-line stanzas (5,446 lines in all) of iambic tetrameter with the unusual rhyme scheme \"AbAbCCddEffEgg\", where the uppercase letters represent feminine rhymes while the lowercase letters represent masculine rhymes."
}
] |
Eugene Onegin is a Russian novel that was written in iambic pentameter.
| 0 | 0 |
Eugene Onegin
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Pathfinder, published 14 years later in 1840, is its sequel."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Films",
"text": "The Last of the Mohicans (1920), starring Wallace Beery; The Last of the Mohicans (1932), a serial version starring Harry Carey; The Last of the Mohicans (1936) starring Randolph Scott and Bruce Cabot; Last of the Redmen (1947) starring Jon Hall and Michael O'Shea; The Iroquois Trail (1950) starring George Montgomery"
}
] |
9kgprJwwEd8isUNXMJPz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It has been adapted numerous times and in many languages for films, TV movies, and cartoons."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Pathfinder, published 14 years later in 1840, is its sequel."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Films",
"text": "Fall of the Mohicans (1965) starring Jack Taylor, José Marco (José Joandó Roselló), Luis Induni and Daniel Martin; The Last of the Mohicans (1968) The Last of the Mohicans (1977) The Last of the Mohicans (1992), starring Daniel Day-Lewis."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Opera",
"text": "The Last of the Mohicans by composer Alva Henderson."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Father to Uncas, and after his death, the eponymous \"Last of the Mohicans\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Films",
"text": "The Last of the Mohicans (1920), starring Wallace Beery; The Last of the Mohicans (1932), a serial version starring Harry Carey; The Last of the Mohicans (1936) starring Randolph Scott and Bruce Cabot; Last of the Redmen (1947) starring Jon Hall and Michael O'Shea; The Iroquois Trail (1950) starring George Montgomery"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Comics",
"text": "Classic Comics #4, The Last of the Mohicans, first published 1942."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The phrase, \"the last of the Mohicans\", has come to represent the sole survivor of a noble race or type."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Films",
"text": "The Last of the Mohicans a 1911 version starring James Cruze directed by Theodore Marston,"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Last of the Mohicans: A Narrative of 1757 is a historical novel written by James Fenimore Cooper in 1826."
}
] |
The Last of the Mohicans had a sequel and became a movie multiple times. .
| 0 | 0 |
The Last of the Mohicans
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Battles | Greece",
"text": "Greece played a peripheral role in the war."
}
] |
9klrtlMtM5UStHB8a4h0
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "The \"Eastern Question\" | Immediate causes of the war",
"text": "This gunboat diplomacy show of force, together with money, induced the Ottoman Sultan Abdülmecid I to accept a new treaty, confirming France and the Roman Catholic Church's supreme authority over Catholic holy places, including the Church of the Nativity, previously held by the Greek Orthodox Church."
},
{
"section_header": "Battles | Greece",
"text": "To block further Greek moves, the British and French occupied the main Greek port at Piraeus from April 1854 to February 1857, and effectively neutralized the Greek army."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Other novelists taking the war as background include Garry Kilworth, A L Berridge and Paul Fraser Collard."
},
{
"section_header": "Battles | Caucasus theatre",
"text": "The Russians lost 1,300, including Prince Orbeliani."
},
{
"section_header": "Battles | Crimean campaign",
"text": "The Crimean campaign opened in September 1854."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The war was thus a catalyst for reforms of Russia's social institutions, including serfdom, justice, local self-government, education, and military service."
},
{
"section_header": "Battles | Battle of Balaclava",
"text": "This caused a more widespread Russian retreat, including a number of their artillery units."
},
{
"section_header": "Battles | Baltic theatre",
"text": "The Baltic was a forgotten theatre of the Crimean War."
},
{
"section_header": "Battles | Greece",
"text": "Greeks, gambling on a Russian victory, incited the large-scale Epirus Revolt of 1854 as well as uprisings in Crete."
},
{
"section_header": "Battles | Greece",
"text": "In addition, a 1,000-strong Greek Volunteer Legion was formed in the Danubian Principalities in 1854 and later fought at Sevastopol."
},
{
"section_header": "Battles | Greece",
"text": "Greece played a peripheral role in the war."
}
] |
The Crimean War included the Greek.
| 0 | 0 |
Crimean War
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1917–1933: Early life",
"text": "He attended Stuyvesant High School, a public school for gifted students, but did not graduate."
}
] |
9kv5PtxUJaODrLHrUCQo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1934–1946: Early playing career",
"text": "I've seen them in Minton's busily writing on their shirt cuffs or scribbling on the tablecloth."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1955–1961: Riverside Records",
"text": "[... I]t was his love song for Nellie,\" said the author of the \"definitive Monk biography,\" Robin Kelley."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1947–1952: Lorraine Gordon",
"text": "Monk spent most of the early and mid-1950s composing, recording at Blue Note, and performing at theaters, outer borough clubs and out-of-town venues."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1955–1961: Riverside Records",
"text": "Indeed, with Monk's consent, Riverside had managed to buy out his previous Prestige contract for a mere $108.24."
},
{
"section_header": "Tributes",
"text": "Round Midnight Variations is a collection of variations on the song \"'Round Midnight\" premiered in 2002."
},
{
"section_header": "Tributes | Tribute albums",
"text": "According to the album's liner notes by critic John Corbett, this is the first comprehensive recording of all Monk's songs."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1962–1970: Columbia Records",
"text": "According to biographer Kelley, the 1964 Time appearance came because \"Barry Farrell, who wrote the cover story, wanted to write about a jazz musician and almost by default Monk was chosen, because they thought Ray Charles and Miles Davis were too controversial. ... [Monk] wasn't so political. ... [O]f course, I challenge that [in the biography],\" Kelley wrote."
},
{
"section_header": "Tributes | Tribute albums",
"text": "an album featuring different groupings of rock and jazz musicians on each song including Steve Lacy, Donald Fagen, Todd Rundgren, Peter Frampton, Carla Bley, Joe Jackson, Gil Evans and Was Not Was."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1934–1946: Early playing career",
"text": "Mary Lou Williams, who mentored Monk and his contemporaries, spoke of Monk's rich inventiveness in this period, and how such invention was vital for musicians, since at the time it was common for fellow musicians to incorporate overheard musical ideas into their own works without giving due credit. \" So, the boppers worked out a music that was hard to steal."
},
{
"section_header": "Tributes | Tribute albums",
"text": "Monk. Monk. Live! (2017) by Joey Alexander"
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1917–1933: Early life",
"text": "He attended Stuyvesant High School, a public school for gifted students, but did not graduate."
}
] |
Monk dropped out of college to write songs.
| 0 | 0 |
Thelonious Monk
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life and death",
"text": "A lifelong heavy smoker, Stapleton died of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in 2006 at her home in Lenox, Massachusetts."
}
] |
9mct2ZFqLBldU6JIttsh
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lois Maureen Stapleton (June 21, 1925 – March 13, 2006) was an American actress in film, theater, and television."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "By comparison, Stapleton thought herself lucky: \"I never had that problem."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Stapleton was born in Troy, New York, the daughter of John P. Stapleton and Irene (née Walsh), and grew up in a strict Irish American Catholic family."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "She became friends with Marilyn Monroe, who was only one year younger than Stapleton."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Stapleton moved to New York City at the age of 18, and did modeling to pay the bills."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life and death",
"text": "She was not related to All In the Family star Jean Stapleton (who used her mother's maiden name professionally)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "\" One of the most famously remembered scenes at the studio was when Stapleton and Monroe acted in Anna Christie together."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life and death",
"text": "A lifelong heavy smoker, Stapleton died of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in 2006 at her home in Lenox, Massachusetts."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life and death",
"text": "Stapleton suffered from anxiety and alcoholism for many years, and once told an interviewer, \"The curtain came down, and I went into the vodka."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Stapleton played the role of Dick Van Dyke's mother, even though she was only five months and 22 days older than Van Dyke."
}
] |
Maureen Stapleton was dispatched by cardiovascular complications of inhaling burning death-sticks.
| 0 | 0 |
Maureen Stapleton
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Function",
"text": "However, the mitochondrion has many other functions in addition to the production of ATP."
},
{
"section_header": "Dysfunction and disease | Possible relationships to aging",
"text": "Given the role of mitochondria as the cell's powerhouse, there may be some leakage of the high-energy electrons in the respiratory chain to form reactive oxygen species."
}
] |
9mp9u5I7h50TBxfkq69f
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Function | Additional functions",
"text": "Some mitochondrial functions are performed only in specific types of cells."
},
{
"section_header": "Function",
"text": "However, the mitochondrion has many other functions in addition to the production of ATP."
},
{
"section_header": "Function | Energy conversion | Heat production",
"text": "The process results in the unharnessed potential energy of the proton electrochemical gradient being released as heat."
},
{
"section_header": "Genome | Replication and inheritance",
"text": "This division and segregation process must be tightly controlled so that each daughter cell receives at least one mitochondrion."
},
{
"section_header": "Function | Energy conversion | Pyruvate and the citric acid cycle",
"text": "Here, the addition of oxaloacetate to the mitochondrion does not have a net anaplerotic effect, as another citric acid cycle intermediate (malate) is immediately removed from the mitochondrion to be converted into cytosolic oxaloacetate, which is ultimately converted into glucose, in a process that is almost the reverse of glycolysis."
},
{
"section_header": "Function | Energy conversion | NADH and FADH2: the electron transport chain",
"text": "Protein complexes in the inner membrane (NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), cytochrome c reductase, and cytochrome c oxidase) perform the transfer and the incremental release of energy is used to pump protons (H+) into the intermembrane space."
},
{
"section_header": "Function | Energy conversion | Pyruvate and the citric acid cycle",
"text": "This in turn increases or decreases the rate of ATP production by the mitochondrion, and thus the availability of ATP to the cell."
},
{
"section_header": "Function | Energy conversion | NADH and FADH2: the electron transport chain",
"text": "This can cause oxidative stress in the mitochondria and may contribute to the decline in mitochondrial function associated with the aging process."
},
{
"section_header": "Function | Energy conversion",
"text": "When oxygen is limited, the glycolytic products will be metabolized by anaerobic fermentation, a process that is independent of the mitochondria."
},
{
"section_header": "Function | Energy conversion | Heat production",
"text": "The process is mediated by a proton channel called thermogenin, or UCP1."
},
{
"section_header": "Dysfunction and disease | Possible relationships to aging",
"text": "Given the role of mitochondria as the cell's powerhouse, there may be some leakage of the high-energy electrons in the respiratory chain to form reactive oxygen species."
}
] |
Mitochondrion create the energy for cells to function and perform processes.
| 0 | 0 |
Mitochondrion
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Effa Louise Manley (March 27, 1897 – April 16, 1981) was an American sports executive."
}
] |
9mxp2UgMawRJee3RfFCJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Manley was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where she attended school."
},
{
"section_header": "Activism",
"text": "Because of Effa Manley, the Newark Eagles were as important to black Newark as the Dodgers were to Brooklyn."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "However, according to the book The Most Famous Woman in Baseball by Bob Luke, Effa was born through an extramarital union between her seamstress mother, Bertha Ford Brooks, and Bertha's white employer, Philadelphia stockbroker John Marcus Bishop."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Effa Louise Manley (March 27, 1897 – April 16, 1981) was an American sports executive."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In 2010, her life was the subject of a children's book, She Loved Baseball: The Effa Manley Story, written by Audrey Vernick and illustrated by Don Tate."
},
{
"section_header": "Activism",
"text": "After six weeks, the owners of the store (Blumstein's Department Store) gave in, and by the end of 1935 some 300 stores on 125th Street employed black clerks."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Regardless of her ethnic origins, Effa Manley thought of herself as a black woman and was perceived by all who knew her as just that.\" Author Ted Schwarz wrote, \"She was a white woman who passed as a black... She could stay in any hotel she desired."
},
{
"section_header": "Newark Eagles",
"text": "She felt Negro league teams were justified in requesting compensation for players who were signed to major league contracts (Cleveland Indians owner Bill Veeck did pay her $10,000 compensation for Doby's contract, with another $5,000 when he stayed on the Indians roster)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Most books say Bertha was German, Effa claimed her maternal grandfather was Native American, but her maternal grandfather was German."
},
{
"section_header": "Activism",
"text": "Another example of the relationship Effa helped forge with the community was copying a practice of another team which allowed the city's youth to attend games for free."
}
] |
Effa Manley was an owner of the Philadelphia Phillies in 1980.
| 0 | 0 |
Effa Manley
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Hellenistic period",
"text": "He was probably poisoned in 247 BC; after his death, the Macedonian king Antigonus II Gonatas retook the city in the winter of 245/44 BC."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Hellenistic period",
"text": "Thanks to an alliance agreement with Aratus, the Macedonians recovered Corinth once again in 224 BC; but, after the Roman intervention in 197 BC, the city was permanently brought into the Achaean League."
}
] |
9n2KA2cr9j4PeK3PVE7e
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Ancient city and its environs | Acrocorinth, the acropolis",
"text": "Acrocorinthis, the acropolis of ancient Corinth, is a monolithic rock that was continuously occupied from archaic times to the early 19th century."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Classical Corinth | 379–323 BC",
"text": "”These conflicts further weakened the city-states of the Peloponnese and set the stage for the conquests of Philip II of Macedon."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Prehistory and founding myths",
"text": "Neolithic pottery suggests that the site of Corinth was occupied from at least as early as 6500 BC, and continually occupied into the Early Bronze Age, when, it has been suggested, the settlement acted as a centre of trade."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Roman era",
"text": "At this time, an amphitheatre was built. (37.909824°"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Classical Corinth | 379–323 BC",
"text": "In 366 BC, the Athenian Assembly ordered Chares to occupy the Athenian ally and install a democratic government."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Corinth under the Bacchiadae",
"text": "Large scale public buildings and monuments were constructed at this time."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Roman era | Biblical Corinth",
"text": "Only two are contained within the Christian canon (First and Second Epistles to the Corinthians); the other two letters are lost. (The lost letters would probably represent the very first letter that Paul wrote to the Corinthians and the third one, and so the First and Second Letters of the canon would be the second and the fourth if four were written.) Many scholars think that the third one (known as the \"letter of the tears\"; see 2 Cor 2:4) is included inside the canonical Second Epistle to the Corinthians (it would be chapters 10–13)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Classical Corinth",
"text": "In classical times, Corinth rivaled Athens and Thebes in wealth, based on the Isthmian traffic and trade."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Prehistory and founding myths",
"text": "There was a settlement on the coast near Lechaion which traded across the Corinthian Gulf; the site of Corinth itself was likely not heavily occupied again until around 900 BC, when it is believed that the Dorians settled there."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Classical Corinth | Peloponnesian War",
"text": "The Corinthian war against the Corcyrans was the largest naval battle between Greek city states until that time."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Hellenistic period",
"text": "He was probably poisoned in 247 BC; after his death, the Macedonian king Antigonus II Gonatas retook the city in the winter of 245/44 BC."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Hellenistic period",
"text": "Thanks to an alliance agreement with Aratus, the Macedonians recovered Corinth once again in 224 BC; but, after the Roman intervention in 197 BC, the city was permanently brought into the Achaean League."
}
] |
Macedon occupied and lost Corinth several times.
| 2 | 3 |
Ancient Corinth
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reviews",
"text": "Contemporary reviews of the book were mixed."
}
] |
9nJV55DmRORjSs13ERLe
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reviews",
"text": "Homage to Catalonia is one of the few exceptions and the reason is simple."
},
{
"section_header": "Reviews",
"text": "After years of neglect Homage to Catalonia re-emerged in the 1950s, following on from the success of Orwell's later books."
},
{
"section_header": "Reviews",
"text": "Notably positive reviews came from Geoffrey Gorer in Time and Tide, and from Philip Mairet in the New English Weekly."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "He wrote in Homage to Catalonia that people frequently told him a man who is hit through the neck and survives is the luckiest creature alive, but that he personally thought \"it would be even luckier not to be hit at all.\" After having his wounds dressed at a first aid post about half a mile from the front line, he was transferred to Barbastro and then to Lérida, where he received only an external treatment of his wound."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "Homage to Catalonia was commercially unsuccessful, only selling 638 copies, but Barcelona under the Anarchists would remain with Orwell."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Homage to Catalonia is George Orwell's personal account of his experiences and observations fighting for the POUM militia of the Republican army during the Spanish Civil War."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "After nine months of animal husbandry and writing up Homage to Catalonia at their cottage at Wallington, Hertfordshire, Orwell's health declined, and he had to spend several months at a sanatorium in Aylesford, Kent."
},
{
"section_header": "Reviews",
"text": "The non-Communists applauded; the Communists and their sympathizers remained icily silent. ... It is precisely the immediacy of Orwell's reaction that gives the early sections of Homage its value for the historian."
},
{
"section_header": "Reviews",
"text": "Contemporary reviews of the book were mixed."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "\" In the words of a recent biographer, Gordon Bowker, \"the people that had effaced that reality, the Soviet Communists, now had an implacable enemy they would come to regret having made.\" Christopher Hitchens: \"The narrative core of Homage to Catalonia, it might be argued, is a series of events that occurred in and around the Barcelona telephone exchange in early May 1937."
}
] |
Homage to Catalonia only received positive reviews.
| 0 | 0 |
Homage to Catalonia
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Philip Henry Niekro (pronounced NEE-kro) (born April 1, 1939), nicknamed \"Knucksie\", is an American former baseball pitcher who played 24 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), 20 of them with the Milwaukee / Atlanta Braves."
}
] |
9ndet9VffLlC3PElqVVX
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Second stint with the Atlanta Braves (1987)",
"text": "Niekro retired at the end of the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Niekro and his family support the students of Bridgeport High School with the proceeds from the annual golf tournament \"The Niekro Classic\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Niekro was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1997."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Niekro is a member of the Kiz Toys Board of Advisors."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Niekro tutored his nephew, Lance Niekro, to throw a knuckleball after Lance's unsuccessful stints as a power-hitting first base prospect with the San Francisco Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | New York Yankees (1984-1985)",
"text": "Instead, Niekro struck Burroughs out to end the game."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Second stint with the Atlanta Braves (1987)",
"text": "On September 23, 1987, Niekro signed with the Atlanta Braves."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With the 1979 Braves, Niekro finished with 21 wins and 20 losses."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "That season, Phil and Joe Niekro were NL co-leaders in wins."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Niekro was born in Blaine, Ohio, and grew up in Lansing, Ohio."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Philip Henry Niekro (pronounced NEE-kro) (born April 1, 1939), nicknamed \"Knucksie\", is an American former baseball pitcher who played 24 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), 20 of them with the Milwaukee / Atlanta Braves."
}
] |
Niekro was sometimes referred to as "Knucksie".
| 3 | 6 |
Phil Niekro
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In a career spanning over five decades, he has received many awards and nominations, including an Academy Award, two Tony Awards, and two Primetime Emmy Awards."
}
] |
9nrIMdt2c1WqfbT2WxUp
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Film career | 1970s",
"text": "Pacino's performance earned him an Academy Award nomination, and offered a prime example of his early acting style."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | 2000s",
"text": "The film co-starred Alicia Witt and was critically panned, although critics found fault with the plot, and not Pacino's acting."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | 1980s",
"text": "The film did well at the box office, grossing over US$45 million domestically."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | 1980s",
"text": "He starred in the play, remounting it with director David Wheeler and the Theater Company of Boston in a 50-minute film version."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | 1990s",
"text": "That year, he was also nominated for Best Supporting Actor for Glengarry Glen Ross, making Pacino the first male actor ever to receive two acting nominations for two movies in the same year, and to win for the lead role."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage career",
"text": "Martin Bregman saw the play and became Pacino's manager, a partnership that became fruitful in the years to come, as Bregman encouraged Pacino to do The Godfather, Serpico, and Dog Day Afternoon."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In a career spanning over five decades, he has received many awards and nominations, including an Academy Award, two Tony Awards, and two Primetime Emmy Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | 2010s",
"text": "Pacino's performance received positive reviews."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His parents divorced when he was two years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The following year, his grandfather James also died."
}
] |
Pacino's acting career started over 50 years ago.
| 3 | 6 |
Al Pacino
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played his entire 19-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career, primarily as a left fielder, for the Boston Red Sox from 1939 to 1960; his career was interrupted by military service during World War II and the Korean War."
}
] |
9oKxm2PgMsMhyXokExrJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Playing style",
"text": "He helped pass his expertise of playing left-field in front of the Green Monster, to his successor on the Red Sox, Carl Yastrzemski."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Playing style",
"text": "In 1970 he wrote a book on the subject, The Science of Hitting (revised 1986), which is still read by many baseball players."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues (1939–1942, 1946–1960) | Service baseball",
"text": "While in Pearl Harbor, Williams played baseball in the Navy League."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Relationship with Boston media and fans",
"text": "In 1991 on Ted Williams Day at Fenway Park, Williams pulled a Red Sox cap from out of his jacket and tipped it to the crowd."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Relationship with Boston media and fans",
"text": "Ted Williams was on uncomfortable terms with the Boston newspapers for nearly twenty years, as he felt they liked to discuss his personal life as much as his baseball performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "For Williams' 40th birthday, MacArthur sent him an oil painting of himself with the inscription \"To Ted Williams – not only America's greatest baseball player, but a great American who served his country."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Playing style",
"text": "Pitchers apparently feared Williams; his bases-on-balls-to-plate-appearances ratio (.2065) is still the highest of any player in the Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and recognition",
"text": "These memorable displays range from Ted Williams' days in the military through his professional playing career."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born and raised in San Diego, Williams played baseball throughout his youth."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | U.S. Marine Corps, Korea (1952–1953)",
"text": "Right before he left for Korea, the Red Sox had a \"Ted Williams Day\" in Fenway Park."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played his entire 19-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career, primarily as a left fielder, for the Boston Red Sox from 1939 to 1960; his career was interrupted by military service during World War II and the Korean War."
}
] |
Ted Williams was a biracial baseball player and played for the Cincinnati Reds.
| 0 | 0 |
Ted Williams
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Soil ecosystems",
"text": "Nematodes do not decompose organic matter, but, instead, are parasitic and free-living organisms that feed on living material."
},
{
"section_header": "Soil ecosystems",
"text": "About 90% of nematodes reside in the top 15 cm of soil."
}
] |
9pGqYhzAKoc4AfIS26yE
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Free-living species",
"text": "One roundworm of note, C. elegans, lives in the soil and has found much use as a model organism."
},
{
"section_header": "Soil ecosystems",
"text": "Nematodes do not decompose organic matter, but, instead, are parasitic and free-living organisms that feed on living material."
},
{
"section_header": "Free-living species",
"text": "Different free-living species feed on materials as varied as algae, fungi, small animals, fecal matter, dead organisms, and living tissues."
},
{
"section_header": "Soil ecosystems",
"text": "One group of carnivorous fungi, the nematophagous fungi, are predators of soil nematodes."
},
{
"section_header": "Soil ecosystems",
"text": "About 90% of nematodes reside in the top 15 cm of soil."
},
{
"section_header": "Free-living species",
"text": "Free-living marine nematodes are important and abundant members of the meiobenthos."
},
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species | Agriculture and horticulture",
"text": "Soil steaming is an efficient method to kill nematodes before planting a crop, but indiscriminately eliminates both harmful and beneficial soil fauna."
},
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species",
"text": "Haemonchus contortus is one of the most abundant infectious agents in sheep around the world, causing great economic damage to sheep."
},
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species | Agriculture and horticulture",
"text": "CSIRO has found a 13- to 14-fold reduction of nematode population densities in plots having Indian mustard Brassica juncea green manure or seed meal in the soil."
},
{
"section_header": "Soil ecosystems",
"text": "Nematodes can effectively regulate bacterial population and community composition—they may eat up to 5,000 bacteria per minute."
}
] |
Most namatoda's do not live deep in the soil since they feed on living material that is found around the surface of soil.
| 3 | 5 |
Nematoda
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She was the second child of Henry VIII of England born in wedlock to survive infancy."
}
] |
9pxSVED8vagQ4p016Geo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Anne's marriage to Henry VIII was annulled, and Elizabeth was declared illegitimate."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She was the second child of Henry VIII of England born in wedlock to survive infancy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Elizabeth was the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, his second wife, who was executed two-and-a-half years after Elizabeth's birth."
},
{
"section_header": "Thomas Seymour",
"text": "Henry VIII died in 1547 and Elizabeth's half-brother, Edward VI, became king at age nine."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriage question | Foreign candidates",
"text": "Elizabeth considered marriage to two French Valois princes in turn, first Henry, Duke of Anjou, and later, from 1572 to 1581, his brother Francis, Duke of Anjou, formerly Duke of Alençon."
},
{
"section_header": "Mary, Queen of Scots | Catholic cause",
"text": "At first, Elizabeth resisted calls for Mary's death."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Elizabeth was the first Tudor to recognise that a monarch ruled by popular consent."
},
{
"section_header": "Wars and overseas trade | France",
"text": "When the Protestant Henry IV inherited the French throne in 1589, Elizabeth sent him military support."
},
{
"section_header": "Wars and overseas trade | France",
"text": "Henry abandoned the siege in April."
},
{
"section_header": "Mary, Queen of Scots",
"text": "The marriage was the first of a series of errors of judgement by Mary that handed the victory to the Scottish Protestants and to Elizabeth."
}
] |
Elizabeth I was the first kid of Henri VIII.
| 2 | 6 |
Elizabeth I
|
Music
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 2020–present: Continuation and new music",
"text": "I would never want to feel like we are replacing Chester.\" On April 28, 2020, bassist Dave Farrell revealed the band is working on new music."
}
] |
9py3kmKmZBNJWbrVzadD
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 2015–2017: One More Light and Bennington's death",
"text": "On August 22, Linkin Park announced plans to host a tribute concert in Los Angeles to honor Bennington."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2006–2008: Minutes to Midnight",
"text": "Bennington stated that Linkin Park plans to release a follow-up album to Minutes to Midnight."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2008–2011: A Thousand Suns",
"text": "In May 2009, Linkin Park announced they were working on a fourth studio album, which was planned to be released in 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Concert tours",
"text": "Hybrid Theory (2000) Meteora (2003) Minutes to Midnight (2007) A Thousand Suns (2010) Living Things (2012) The Hunting Party (2014) One More Light (2017) Headlining Hybrid Theory World Tour (2001) Projekt Revolution (2002–2008, 2011) LP Underground Tour (2003) Meteora World Tour (2004) Minutes to Midnight World Tour (2007–08) International Tour (2009) A Thousand Suns World Tour (2010–11) Living Things World Tour (2012–13) The Hunting Party Tour (2014–15) One More Light Tour (2017) Linkin Park and Friends: Celebrate Life in Honor of Chester Bennington (2017)Co-headlining 11th"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2013–2015: The Hunting Party",
"text": "They also headlined with Iron Maiden again at the Greenfield Festival in July."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2002–2004: Meteora",
"text": "In early 2004, Linkin Park started a world tour titled the Meteora World Tour."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2006–2008: Minutes to Midnight",
"text": "Linkin Park embarked on a large world tour titled \"Minutes to Midnight World Tour\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2006–2008: Minutes to Midnight",
"text": "Linkin Park finished the tour with a final show in Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and influence",
"text": "Linkin Park has sold 100 million records worldwide."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2015–2017: One More Light and Bennington's death",
"text": "One day after Bennington's death, the band canceled the North American leg of their One More Light World Tour."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2020–present: Continuation and new music",
"text": "I would never want to feel like we are replacing Chester.\" On April 28, 2020, bassist Dave Farrell revealed the band is working on new music."
}
] |
Linkin Park has no plans to tour or record again since Chester's death.
| 1 | 6 |
Linkin Park
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "wherever he pitched. Paige was a right-handed pitcher, and at age 42 in 1948, was the oldest major league rookie while playing for the Cleveland Indians."
}
] |
9qBV2Me7i5CzQM0GhDtQ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played with the St. Louis Browns until age 47, and represented them in the All-Star Game in 1952 and 1953."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "wherever he pitched. Paige was a right-handed pitcher, and at age 42 in 1948, was the oldest major league rookie while playing for the Cleveland Indians."
},
{
"section_header": "Major Leagues | St. Louis Browns",
"text": "When Veeck bought an 80% interest in the St. Louis Browns he soon signed Paige."
},
{
"section_header": "Major Leagues | Cleveland Indians",
"text": "you didn't know your age , how old would you think you were?\" With the St. Louis Browns beating the Indians 4–1 in the bottom of the fourth inning, Boudreau pulled his starting pitcher, Bob Lemon, and sent Paige in."
},
{
"section_header": "Major Leagues | St. Louis Browns",
"text": "Paige never actually played on the team, though."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "At the age of 10, Satchel was playing \"top ball\" which was what got him into baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Major Leagues | St. Louis Browns",
"text": "Paige then signed for $300 a month and a percentage of the gate to play for the Monarchs again."
},
{
"section_header": "Major Leagues | St. Louis Browns",
"text": "In his first game back in the major leagues, on July 18, 1951, against the Washington Senators, Paige pitched six innings of shutout baseball until the seventh when he gave up three runs."
},
{
"section_header": "Major Leagues | Cleveland Indians",
"text": "There was some discussion of Paige possibly winning the Rookie of the Year Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Major Leagues | Cleveland Indians",
"text": "While technically a \"rookie\" to the majors, the 20-plus-year veteran Paige regarded such an idea with disdain and considered rejecting the award if it were to be given."
}
] |
Satchel Paige was the youngest major league rookie while playing for the Cleveland Indians, and played with the St. Louis Browns until age 47.
| 0 | 0 |
Satchel Paige
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Family and relationships",
"text": "He has five children and one grandchild."
}
] |
9qvMynrwnLmMMseU3qk7
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Family and relationships",
"text": "Sheen has been married three times."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Family and relationships",
"text": "On September 3, 1995, Sheen married his first wife, Donna Peele."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On November 17, 2015, Sheen publicly revealed that he is HIV positive, having been diagnosed about four years earlier."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Substance abuse, legal issues and health",
"text": "On November 17, 2015, Sheen publicly revealed that he was HIV positive, having been diagnosed roughly four years earlier."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Family and relationships",
"text": "On May 30, 2008, Sheen married his third wife, Brooke Mueller and had twin sons."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Substance abuse, legal issues and health",
"text": "On December 25, 2009, Sheen was arrested for assaulting his wife at the time, Brooke Mueller, in Aspen, Colorado."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Family and relationships",
"text": "They became engaged on December 26, 2001, and married on June 15, 2002, at the estate of Spin City creator Gary David Goldberg."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Film",
"text": "It was a one-time move, due to the film's Hispanic theme; it was Sheen's idea to use his birth name for the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Television",
"text": "The series ended in 2002. In 2003, Sheen was cast as Charlie Harper in the CBS sitcom Two and a Half Men, which followed the popular Monday night time slot of Everybody Loves Raymond."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Other",
"text": "During this time he filmed an advert for car servicing company Ultra Tune which is the next installment in their controversial \"Unexpected Situations\" series alongside Parnia Porsche, Laura Lydall, Tyana Hansen and Imogen Lovell."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Family and relationships",
"text": "He has five children and one grandchild."
}
] |
Charlie Sheen has been married numerous times but does not have any kids.
| 2 | 5 |
Charlie Sheen
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Terms of Endearment is a 1983 American comedy-drama film adapted from Larry McMurtry's 1975 novel, directed, written, and produced by James L. Brooks, and starring Shirley MacLaine, Debra Winger, Jack Nicholson, Danny DeVito, Jeff Daniels, and John Lithgow."
}
] |
9sEBw2k6baWXCA9dSa4a
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Release | Box office",
"text": "Terms of Endearment was commercially successful."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Terms of Endearment is a 1983 American comedy-drama film adapted from Larry McMurtry's 1975 novel, directed, written, and produced by James L. Brooks, and starring Shirley MacLaine, Debra Winger, Jack Nicholson, Danny DeVito, Jeff Daniels, and John Lithgow."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical reception",
"text": "The site's consensus reads: \"A classic tearjerker, Terms of Endearment isn't shy about reaching for the heartstrings – but is so well-acted and smartly scripted that it's almost impossible to resist.\" Metacritic reports a score of 79/100 based on reviews from 10 critics, indicating \"Generally favorable reviews\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical reception",
"text": "In his movie guide, Leonard Maltin awarded the film a rare four-star rating, calling it a \"Wonderful mix of humor and heartache\", and concluded the film was \"Consistently offbeat and unpredictable, with exceptional performances by all three stars\"."
}
] |
Terms of Endearment is a dark humor play.
| 0 | 0 |
Terms of Endearment
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The caliphate was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty (Arabic: ٱلْأُمَوِيُّون, al-ʾUmawīyūn, or بَنُو أُمَيَّة, Banū ʾUmayyah, \"Sons of Umayyah\")."
}
] |
9sk0SmRz0wZjbYciq3kA
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Umayyad Caliphate (661–750 CE; UK: , US: ; Arabic: ٱلْخِلَافَة ٱلْأُمَوِيَّة, romanized: al-Khilāfah al-ʾUmawīyah) was the second of the four major caliphates established after the death of Muhammad."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Muawiyah I came to power after the death of Ali and established a dynasty."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyad Caliphate AD 661–750 (Second ed.)."
},
{
"section_header": "Umayyad administration",
"text": "The first four caliphs created a stable administration for the empire, following the practices and administrative institutions of the Byzantine Empire which had ruled the same region previously."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Sufyanid period | Succession of Yazid I and collapse of Sufyanid rule",
"text": "His death marked the end of the Umayyads' Sufyanid ruling house, called after Mu'awiya"
},
{
"section_header": "Social organization",
"text": "The Umayyad Caliphate had four main social classes: Muslim Arabs"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The caliphate was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty (Arabic: ٱلْأُمَوِيُّون, al-ʾUmawīyūn, or بَنُو أُمَيَّة, Banū ʾUmayyah, \"Sons of Umayyah\")."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early Marwanid period | Caliphate of Umar II",
"text": "During the Umayyad period, the majority of people living within the caliphate were not Muslim, but Christian, Jewish, Zoroastrian, or members of other small groups."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early Marwanid period | Marwanid transition and end of Second Fitna",
"text": "Afterward, the Umayyad commander al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf besieged Mecca and killed Ibn al-Zubayr in 692, marking the end of the Second Fitna and the reunification of the Caliphate under Abd al-Malik's rule."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Theological view of the Umayyads | Sunni",
"text": "He is therefore praised as one of the greatest Muslim rulers after the four Rightly Guided Caliphs."
}
] |
Umayyad Caliphate was the second of the four major caliphates established after the death of Muhammad ruled by the Umayyad dynasty.
| 0 | 0 |
Umayyad Caliphate
|
Popular Culture
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nominated for a record 21 Academy Awards, she has won three."
}
] |
9slQaKP3vumhvlhLeuwB
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 1990s",
"text": "Streep received nominations for an Academy Award, a Golden Globe and a Screen Actors Guild Award for her performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s: Theater and film debut",
"text": "One of Streep's first professional jobs in 1975 was at the Eugene O'Neill Theater Center's National Playwrights Conference, during which she acted in five plays over six weeks."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010s",
"text": "She was subsequently nominated for another Golden Globe, SAG, and Academy Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010s",
"text": "Streep received her 31st Golden Globe nomination and 21st Academy Award nomination for Best Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nominated for a record 21 Academy Awards, she has won three."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s: Rise to stardom",
"text": "It also earned Streep another Academy Award nomination for Best Actress, and the film ultimately won Best Picture."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s: Theater and film debut",
"text": "The film's success exposed Streep to a wider audience and earned her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s: Rise to stardom",
"text": "Among several acting awards, Streep won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance, and her characterization was voted the third greatest movie performance of all time by Premiere magazine."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s: Theater and film debut",
"text": "For Kramer vs. Kramer, Streep won both the Golden Globe Award and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, which she famously left in the ladies' room after giving her speech."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010s",
"text": "She won the Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress in a Comedy, and received Academy Award, Golden Globe, SAG, and BAFTA nominations."
}
] |
Meryl Streep has recieved six Academy Awards over her career.
| 2 | 7 |
Meryl Streep
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "and she became a pioneer in stem cell research."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Danchakoff was born in St Petersburg where her parents wanted her to study music or drawing."
}
] |
9svQnJydnrE9zhAP1OUH
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Vera Mikhaĭlovna Danchakoff (née Grigorevskaya, March 21, 1879 – September 22, 1950) was a Russian anatomist, cell biologist and embryologist."
},
{
"section_header": "Scientific career",
"text": "For these reasons Danchakoff has sometimes been called the \"mother of stem cells\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She has sometimes been called \"the mother of stem cells\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Determined otherwise, she left home to take a degree in natural sciences before moving to Lausanne University for a medical degree, producing her thesis in 1906."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "and she became a pioneer in stem cell research."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "During the Russian famine of 1921–22 Danchakoff appealed for food parcels to be sent to Russia by publicizing the correspondence she had been receiving from scientific colleagues in Russia."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Returning to Russia she took a Russian medical degree at Kharkov University and then became the first woman to be awarded a doctorate in medical sciences at the St Petersburg Academy of Medicine – Russia's first medical college for women."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She later returned to Europe to continue with her research."
},
{
"section_header": "Scientific career",
"text": "In 1908 Danchakoff became an assistant professor in histology and embryology at Moscow University – the first woman to become a professor in Russia."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She married and her daughter, born in 1902 in Zurich, was Vera Evgenevna who went on to study at Columbia University and to marry Mikhail Lavrentyev, the mathematician."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Danchakoff was born in St Petersburg where her parents wanted her to study music or drawing."
}
] |
Vera Mikhaĭlovna Danchakoff of Russia had family encouraging her to pursue the arts, however, she found a calling in natural sciences and cell research.
| 0 | 0 |
Vera Danchakoff
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Interpretation and performances | Ideas",
"text": "\"Don Juan is the quarry instead of the huntsman\", as Shaw notes."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation and performances | Ideas",
"text": "As Shaw himself puts it: \"Don Juan had changed his sex and become Dona Juana, breaking out of the Doll's House and asserting herself as an individual\"."
}
] |
9t5PzFdGO430X9y0zFJG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Interpretation and performances | Don Juan Play",
"text": "Don Juan in Hell consists of a philosophical debate between Don Juan (played by the same actor who plays Jack Tanner), and the Devil, with Doña Ana (Ann) and the Statue of Don Gonzalo, Ana's father (Roebuck Ramsden) looking on."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation and performances | Don Juan Play",
"text": "The long third act of the play, which shows Don Juan himself having a conversation with several characters in Hell, is often cut."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation and performances | Don Juan Play",
"text": "This third act is often performed separately as a play in its own right, most famously during the 1950s in a concert version, featuring Charles Boyer as Don Juan, Charles Laughton as the Devil, Cedric Hardwicke as the Commander and Agnes Moorehead as Doña Ana."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation and performances | Don Juan Play",
"text": "The play performs well without it."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation and performances | Don Juan Play",
"text": "It can be dispensed with, and usually is, on grounds that it is just too long to include in an already full-length play."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation and performances | Don Juan Play",
"text": "In 1974–1975, Kurt Kasznar, Myrna Loy, Edward Mulhare and Ricardo Montalban toured nationwide in John Houseman's reprise of the production, playing 158 cities in six months."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation and performances | Don Juan Play",
"text": "More significantly, it is in some aspects a digression, operates in a different mode from the rest of the material, delays the immediate well-made story line, and much of its subject matter is already implicit in the rest of the play."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The series was written in response to a call for Shaw to write a play based on the Don Juan theme."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play was not performed in its entirety until 1915, when the Travelling Repertory Company played it at the Lyceum Theatre, Edinburgh."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation and performances | Don Juan Play",
"text": "Charles A. Berst observes of Act III: Paradoxically, the act is both extraneous and central to the drama which surrounds it."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation and performances | Ideas",
"text": "\"Don Juan is the quarry instead of the huntsman\", as Shaw notes."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation and performances | Ideas",
"text": "As Shaw himself puts it: \"Don Juan had changed his sex and become Dona Juana, breaking out of the Doll's House and asserting herself as an individual\"."
}
] |
This play uses the typical Don Juan archetype and plays it straight.
| 0 | 1 |
Man and Superman
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was converted into a royal palace in 1333 by Yusuf I, Sultan of Granada."
}
] |
9tJDcPBOXozSEKFlYVR4
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "During the reign of the Nasrid Dynasty, the Alhambra was transformed into a palatine city, complete with an irrigation system composed of acequias for the gardens of the Generalife located outside the fortress."
},
{
"section_header": "Main structures | Generalife",
"text": "The Torres Bermejas (Vermilion Towers), also on Monte Mauror, are a well-preserved Moorish fortification, with underground cisterns, stables, and accommodation for a garrison of 200 men."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence | In literature",
"text": "Parts of the following works are set in the Alhambra: Washington Irving's Tales of the Alhambra."
},
{
"section_header": "Main structures",
"text": "Beyond the Alcazaba is the palace of the Moorish rulers, The Nasrid Palaces or Alhambra proper, and beyond this is the Alhambra Alta (Upper Alhambra), originally occupied by officials and courtiers."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence | In music",
"text": "Alhambra has directly inspired musical compositions as Francisco Tárrega's famous tremolo study for guitar Recuerdos De La Alhambra."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Alhambra is a UNESCO World Heritage Site."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence | In music",
"text": "Albéniz also composed an uncompleted Suite Alhambra."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence | In astronomy",
"text": "There is a main belt asteroid named Alhambra."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alhambra was extended by the different Muslim rulers who lived in the complex."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence | In music",
"text": "Julian Anderson wrote an orchestral piece, Alhambra Fantasy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was converted into a royal palace in 1333 by Yusuf I, Sultan of Granada."
}
] |
The Alhambra was transformed into a accommodation for the royalty.
| 2 | 3 |
The Alhambra
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Dunciad is a landmark mock-heroic narrative poem by Alexander Pope published in three different versions at different times from 1728 to 1743."
}
] |
9tLgkqgWH0zsCTADvhOD
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "The three-book Dunciad A and the Dunciad Variorum",
"text": "Therefore, these two portions of the preface could have been written by any of its members, but they, like the other prefatory materials, were most likely written by Pope himself."
},
{
"section_header": "The three-book Dunciad A and the Dunciad Variorum | Overview of the three-book Dunciad",
"text": "While Samuel Johnson would say, half a century later, that no man but a blockhead ever wrote but for money, Pope's attack is not on those who get paid, but those who will write on cue for the highest bid."
},
{
"section_header": "The three-book Dunciad A and the Dunciad Variorum | The arguments of the three books | A Book II",
"text": "In this, Richard Blackmore wins easily: (Blackmore had written six epic poems, a \"Prince\" and \"King\" Arthur, in twenty books, an Eliza in ten books, an Alfred in twelve books, etc."
},
{
"section_header": "The three-book Dunciad A and the Dunciad Variorum",
"text": "The various Dunces had written responses to Pope after the first publication of The Dunciad, and they had not only written against Pope, but had explained why Pope had attacked other writers."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins",
"text": "Pope had written characters of the various \"Dunces\" prior to 1728."
},
{
"section_header": "The four-book Dunciad B of 1743 | The argument of the four-book Dunciad | B Book II",
"text": "This Bentley had written a fawning ode on the son of Robert Harley (a former friend of Pope's with whom he seems estranged)."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins",
"text": "Theobald's edition of Shakespeare was not, however, as imperfect as The Dunciad would suggest; it was, in fact, far superior to the edition Pope had himself written in 1725."
},
{
"section_header": "The three-book Dunciad A and the Dunciad Variorum | Overview of the three-book Dunciad",
"text": "The plot of the poem is simple."
},
{
"section_header": "The three-book Dunciad A and the Dunciad Variorum | Overview of the three-book Dunciad",
"text": "The poem has a consistent setting and time, as well."
},
{
"section_header": "The three-book Dunciad A and the Dunciad Variorum | The arguments of the three books | A Book I",
"text": "The poem begins with an epic invocation, \"Books and the Man"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Dunciad is a landmark mock-heroic narrative poem by Alexander Pope published in three different versions at different times from 1728 to 1743."
}
] |
The poem was written in the 18th century.
| 0 | 0 |
The Dunciad
|
Science
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Italian scientist Francesco Maria Grimaldi coined the word \"diffraction\" and was the first to record accurate observations of the phenomenon in 1660."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The effects of diffraction of light were first carefully observed and characterized by Francesco Maria Grimaldi, who also coined the term diffraction, from the Latin diffringere, 'to break into pieces', referring to light breaking up into different directions."
}
] |
9toVwGGakaLG32HI1coU
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Bragg diffraction",
"text": "Diffraction from a three-dimensional periodic structure such as atoms in a crystal is called Bragg diffraction."
},
{
"section_header": "Bragg diffraction",
"text": "θ is the angle of the diffracted wave."
},
{
"section_header": "Particle diffraction",
"text": "Relatively larger molecules like buckyballs were also shown to diffract."
},
{
"section_header": "Bragg diffraction",
"text": "It is similar to what occurs when waves are scattered from a diffraction grating."
},
{
"section_header": "Bragg diffraction",
"text": "and m is an integer known as the order of the diffracted beam."
},
{
"section_header": "Examples | Diffraction grating",
"text": "The light diffracted by a grating is found by summing the light diffracted from each of the elements, and is essentially a convolution of diffraction and interference patterns."
},
{
"section_header": "Particle diffraction",
"text": "In particular, massive particles can interfere with themselves and therefore diffract."
},
{
"section_header": "Particle diffraction",
"text": "Diffraction of electrons and neutrons stood as one of the powerful arguments in favor of quantum mechanics."
},
{
"section_header": "Bragg diffraction",
"text": "Bragg diffraction is a consequence of interference between waves reflecting from different crystal planes."
},
{
"section_header": "Examples | Diffraction grating",
"text": "} . A diffraction grating is an optical component with a regular pattern."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Italian scientist Francesco Maria Grimaldi coined the word \"diffraction\" and was the first to record accurate observations of the phenomenon in 1660."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The effects of diffraction of light were first carefully observed and characterized by Francesco Maria Grimaldi, who also coined the term diffraction, from the Latin diffringere, 'to break into pieces', referring to light breaking up into different directions."
}
] |
Diffraction was invented by an Europe researcher.
| 0 | 4 |
Diffraction
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Bronze Horseman (Russian: Медный всадник, literally \"copper horseman\") is an equestrian statue of Peter the Great in the Senate Square in Saint Petersburg, Russia."
}
] |
9tvhG3fkEE8luB36G3E8
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Poem",
"text": "Due to the popularity of his work, the statue came to be called the \"Bronze Horseman\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Statue",
"text": "Catherine largely forgot about him afterwards, and came to see the Bronze Horseman as her own oeuvre."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Bronze Horseman (Russian: Медный всадник, literally \"copper horseman\") is an equestrian statue of Peter the Great in the Senate Square in Saint Petersburg, Russia."
},
{
"section_header": "Statue",
"text": "It took 12 years, from 1770 to 1782, to create the Bronze Horseman, including pedestal, horse and rider."
},
{
"section_header": "Siege of Leningrad",
"text": "A 19th-century legend states that while the Bronze Horseman stands in the middle of Saint Petersburg, enemy forces will not be able to conquer the city."
},
{
"section_header": "Poem",
"text": "The Bronze Horseman is the title of a poem written by Aleksandr Pushkin in 1833, widely considered to be one of the most significant works of Russian literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Poem",
"text": "“Autocracy and War” on the subject of Russia and his eventual 1912 novel Under Western Eyes (and also with the Pushkin poem and with the political issue of Poland)."
},
{
"section_header": "Thunder Stone",
"text": "Falconet wanted to work on shaping the stone in its original location, but Catherine ordered it be moved before being cut."
},
{
"section_header": "Poem",
"text": "Evgenii curses the statue, furious at Peter the Great for founding a city in such an unsuitable location and indirectly causing the death of his beloved."
},
{
"section_header": "Poem",
"text": "Coming to life, the horseman chases Evgenii through the city."
}
] |
The Bronze Horseman is located in Poland.
| 0 | 0 |
The Bronze Horseman
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\" It was re-released in 1985, and again in 2002, to celebrate its 20th anniversary, with altered shots and additional scenes."
}
] |
9uN5fjwiv1cKGfTZkeZN
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Release and sales",
"text": "In its second weekend, it recorded the highest-grossing second weekend of all-time surpassing the record of $10,765,687 set by Superman II in 1981."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Release and sales",
"text": "It opened at number one with a gross of $11 million, and stayed at the top of the box office for six weeks; it then fluctuated between the first and second positions until October, before returning to the top spot for the final time in December during a brief Holiday Season re-release of the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "In early summer 1981, while Raiders of the Lost Ark was being promoted, Columbia Pictures met with Spielberg to discuss the script, after having to develop Night Skies with the director as the intended sequel to Close Encounters of the Third Kind."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Release and sales",
"text": "It premiered at the 1982 Cannes Film Festival's closing gala, and was released in the United States on June 11, 1982."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "In 2011, ABC aired Best in Film: The Greatest Movies of Our Time, revealing the results of a poll of fans conducted by ABC and People magazine: it was selected as the fifth best film of all time and the second best science fiction film."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Release and sales",
"text": "The 2012 release of E.T. on DVD and Blu-ray grossed $24.4 million in sales revenue as of 2017 in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Release and sales",
"text": "The film was re-released in 1985 and 2002, earning another $60 million and $68 million respectively, for a worldwide total of $792 million with North America accounting for $435 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Release and sales",
"text": "The VHS cassette was also rented over 6 million times during its first two weeks in 1988, a record that E.T. held up until the VHS release of Batman the following year."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Release and sales",
"text": "It was eventually released on VHS and laserdisc on October 27, 1988; to combat piracy, the tapeguards and tape hubs on the videocassettes were colored green, the tape itself was affixed with a small, holographic sticker of the 1963 Universal logo (much like the holograms on a credit card), and encoded with Macrovision."
},
{
"section_header": "20th Anniversary version",
"text": "For the film's 30th anniversary release on Blu-ray in 2012, and for its 35th anniversary release on Ultra HD Blu-ray in 2017, as well as its corresponding digital releases; only the original theatrical edition was released, with the 20th anniversary edition now out of circulation."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\" It was re-released in 1985, and again in 2002, to celebrate its 20th anniversary, with altered shots and additional scenes."
}
] |
E.T. was recolorized when it had a second release in the early 2000s.
| 0 | 1 |
E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial
|
Popular Culture
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film was nominated for Best Animated Feature Film at the 76th Golden Globe Awards and 91st Academy Awards, losing both to Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse."
}
] |
9uWo37sKNToItHfBEpYr
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Possible sequel",
"text": "He cited Pixar's decision in October 2016 to swap the release dates of Toy Story 4 and Incredibles 2, which meant that Bird's film lost a full year of production."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Merchandise",
"text": "Christos Gage also wrote (with Jean Claudio-Vinci as illustrator) another series titled Incredibles 2: Secret Identities."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film was nominated for Best Animated Feature Film at the 76th Golden Globe Awards and 91st Academy Awards, losing both to Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Health hazards/epilepsy issues",
"text": "Disney told USA Today that it appreciated those efforts, and then, in a memo, asked all theaters exhibiting the movie to warn audiences: \"Incredibles 2 contains a sequence of flashing lights, which may affect customers who are susceptible to photosensitive epilepsy or other photosensitivities."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Health hazards/epilepsy issues",
"text": ", Incredibles 2 certainly proves worth the wait, even if it hits the target but not the bull's-eye in quite the way the first one did.\" Many disability advocates, including the Epilepsy Foundation, have raised concerns that movie scenes with flashing lights, including that in Incredibles 2 of Elastigirl's fight with the Screenslaver, can trigger seizures in viewers affected by photosensitive epilepsy."
},
{
"section_header": "Possible sequel",
"text": "\"There were a lot of ideas that we had on this film that could be [used]... whether it's another Incredibles film, or something else.\" Cast members including Samuel L. Jackson and Sophia Bush have expressed interest in reprising their roles."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "People think that I have not been, but I have—because I love those characters, and love that world ... I have many, many elements that I think would work really well in another Incredibles film, and if I can get 'em to click all together, I would probably wanna do that."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Later, Tony accompanies Violet to a movie with the family."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Merchandise",
"text": "A comic miniseries, titled Incredibles 2: Crisis in Mid-Life!"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "You will with Incredibles 2.\" Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune, gave the film 2.5 out of 4 stars and said, \"Incredibles 2 is content to punch the clock and stick to straight, bombastic action mode."
}
] |
The Incredibles 2 lost to another movie at an awards show.
| 1 | 7 |
Incredibles 2
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A third baseman, Baker played in Major League Baseball from 1908 to 1922 for the Philadelphia Athletics and New York Yankees."
}
] |
9vczqfrs6zn42vMPyzwz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Philadelphia Athletics",
"text": "That year, Mack established his \"$100,000 infield\", with Baker joined by first baseman Stuffy McInnis, second baseman Eddie Collins, and shortstop Jack Barry."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Yankees",
"text": "He rejoined the Yankees in 1921, as the Yankees reached the World Series for the first time in franchise history."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A third baseman, Baker played in Major League Baseball from 1908 to 1922 for the Philadelphia Athletics and New York Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Philadelphia Athletics",
"text": "Mack named Baker his starting third baseman for the 1909 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Philadelphia Athletics",
"text": "Baker, who had just completed the first year of a three-year contract, attempted to renegotiate his terms, but Mack refused."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Baker was unable to play the outfield well, but he was able to move into the infield as a third baseman for Ridgely."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Philadelphia Athletics",
"text": "He hit .305 with a .447 slugging percentage and four home runs for Philadelphia in 1909, including the first home run to go over the fence in right field of Shibe Park."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After a contract dispute, the Athletics sold Baker to the Yankees, where he and Wally Pipp helped the Yankees' offense."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Yankees",
"text": "Even though Baker reported to the Yankees with an injured finger, and he injured his knee during a game in May, he and Wally Pipp combined to form the center of the Yankees' batting order."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In his 2001 book The New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract, Bill James ranked Baker the 70th greatest player of all time and the 5th greatest third baseman."
}
] |
Frank Baker was a first baseman for the Yankees and the Athletics.
| 0 | 0 |
Frank Baker
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "R.U.R. was successful in its time in Europe and North America."
}
] |
9vmqxzuQ13ZeSa77sSYJ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "One of the robots is seen driving a car with \"RUR\" as the license plate number."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history | Adaptations",
"text": "On 26 November 2015 The RUR-Play: Prologue, the world's first version of R.U.R. with robots appearing in all the roles, was presented during the robot performance festival of Cafe Neu Romance at the gallery of the National Library of Technology in Prague.."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "R.U.R. was successful in its time in Europe and North America."
}
] |
R.U.R. has been lucrative.
| 0 | 0 |
R.U.R.
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His grandfather, John W. Foster, and his uncle, Robert Lansing, both served as United States Secretary of State, while his brother, Allen Dulles, served as the Director of Central Intelligence from 1953 to 1961."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | U.S. Secretary of State",
"text": "Dulles had previously represented the United Fruit Company as a lawyer, while his brother, CIA Director Allen Dulles, was on the company's board of directors."
}
] |
9vxsE7mqAOHZqvGGkDD2
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The brothers attended public schools in Watertown, New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | U.S. Secretary of State",
"text": "\" Dulles' hard line alienated many leaders of nonaligned countries when on June 9, 1955, he argued in a speech that \"neutrality has increasingly become obsolete and, except under very exceptional circumstances, it is an immoral and shortsighted conception."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1930s",
"text": "Dulles was then prominent in the religious peace movement and an isolationist, but the junior partners were led by his brother Allen, so he reluctantly acceded to their wishes."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His maternal grandfather, John W. Foster, doted on Dulles and his brother Allen, who would later become the director of the Central Intelligence Agency."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | U.S. Secretary of State",
"text": "Dulles had previously represented the United Fruit Company as a lawyer, while his brother, CIA Director Allen Dulles, was on the company's board of directors."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His grandfather, John W. Foster, and his uncle, Robert Lansing, both served as United States Secretary of State, while his brother, Allen Dulles, served as the Director of Central Intelligence from 1953 to 1961."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | U.S. Secretary of State",
"text": "John Moore Cabot, a brother of Thomas Dudley Cabot, was secretary of Inter-American Affairs during much of the coup planning in 1953 and 1954.Dulles was named Time's Man of the Year for 1954.Dulles"
},
{
"section_header": "Marriage and family",
"text": "His younger brother, Allen Welsh Dulles, served as Director of Central Intelligence under Dwight D. Eisenhower, and his younger sister Eleanor Lansing Dulles was noted for her work in the successful reconstruction of the economy of post-war Europe during her twenty years with the State Department."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | U.S. Secretary of State",
"text": "One of his first major policy shifts towards a more aggressive position against communism occurred in March 1953, when Dulles supported Eisenhower's decision to direct the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), then headed by his brother Allen Dulles, to draft plans to overthrow the Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadegh of Iran."
}
] |
John Foster Dulles's brother was the leader of the FBI.
| 0 | 0 |
John Foster Dulles
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel also inspired several utopian communities."
}
] |
9w41IoC3rQuPw5aPwKiA
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Looking Backward: 2000–1887 is a utopian novel by Edward Bellamy, a journalist and writer from Chicopee Falls, Massachusetts; it was first published in 1888.It"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel also inspired several utopian communities."
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction and sequels",
"text": "Bellamy wrote the sequel to elaborate and clarify many of the ideas merely touched upon in Looking Backward."
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction and sequels",
"text": "Michaelis, R.C. Looking Further Forward: An Answer to \"Looking Backward\" by Edward Bellamy (1890) Morris, William, News from Nowhere (1890) Roberts,"
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction and sequels",
"text": "The back-and-forth nature of the debate is illustrated by the subtitle of Geissler's 1891 Looking Beyond, which is \"A Sequel to 'Looking Backward' by Edward Bellamy and an Answer to 'Looking Forward' by Richard Michaelis\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction and sequels",
"text": "Many members of the Knights read Looking Backward and also joined Bellamy's Nationalist clubs."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and later responses",
"text": "Looking Backward influenced the novel Future of a New China by Liang Qichao."
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction and sequels",
"text": "J.W. Looking Within: The Misleading Tendencies of \"Looking Backward\" Made Manifest (1893) Sanders, G.A. Reality: or Law and order vs. Anarchy and Socialism, A Reply to Edward Bellamy’s Looking Backward and Equality (1898) Satterlee, W.W. Looking Backward and What I Saw (1890) Vinton,"
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction and sequels",
"text": "In 1897, Bellamy wrote a sequel, Equality, dealing with women's rights, education, and many other issues."
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction and sequels",
"text": "November 1890, Mar–Apr 1891) Schindler, S. 'Dr. Leete's Letter to Julian West', The Nationalist (September 1890) Schindler, S. Young West: A Sequel to Edward Bellamy's Celebrated Novel \" Looking Backward\" (1894) Stone, C.H. One of Berrian's Novels (1890) Worley, F.U. Three Thousand Dollars a Year (1890) [a gradualist utopia]"
}
] |
The novel Looking Backward by Edward Bellamy has inspired many real world villages.
| 0 | 0 |
Looking Backward
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hill starred for teams owned by Negro league executive Rube Foster for much of his playing career."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Author William NcNeil referred to Hill as \"black baseball's first superstar\", citing Hill's speed, his strong throwing arm, and his ability to hit for batting average or for power."
}
] |
9wRV1tJeIy0rewMtG5qe
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Preston \"Pete\" Hill (October 12, 1882 – November 19, 1951) was an American outfielder and manager in baseball's Negro leagues from 1899 to 1925."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hill starred for teams owned by Negro league executive Rube Foster for much of his playing career."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He spent much of his career playing for teams run by Negro league pioneer Rube Foster."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Author William NcNeil referred to Hill as \"black baseball's first superstar\", citing Hill's speed, his strong throwing arm, and his ability to hit for batting average or for power."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "In late July 2010, the Hall of Fame announced that it would commission a new plaque to correct Hill's name from Joseph Preston Hill to John Preston Hill."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "The 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m), 215 pound Hill was considered the most important member of three of the most talented Negro league teams to ever play."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Though he was thought to have been born Joseph Preston Hill in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on October 12, 1880, recent research has shown that Hill's first name was John and that he was probably born on October 12, 1882 in Culpeper County, Virginia; some sources indicate a birth year of 1883 or 1884."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Also during this time, like many Negro league stars of the era, Hill spent some time in a few other leagues, mainly the Cuban Winter League."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "playing for Foster, the two had a close friendship and in 1919, Foster asked Hill to become the player/manager of the newly formed Detroit Stars."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "An all-star team compiled by Cumberland Posey in 1944 also listed Hill as one of the greatest Negro league outfielders."
}
] |
John Preston "Pete" Hill starred for Rube Foster for most of his path and was considered "black baseball's first superstar" and the most critical player of baseball's Negro leagues.
| 0 | 0 |
Pete Hill
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Howard Bruce Sutter (; born January 8, 1953) is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played 12 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) between 1976 and 1988."
}
] |
9xQRgQBgY97ioxk76cAn
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Sutter graduated from Donegal High School in Mount Joy, where he played baseball, football and basketball."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Howard Bruce Sutter (; born January 8, 1953) is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played 12 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) between 1976 and 1988."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame",
"text": "During his induction speech, Sutter said, \"I haven't played baseball for 18 years now and I'm getting more sentimental as I get older."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Atlanta Braves (1985–1988)",
"text": "Now, if I get fired in July, will you take care of me and"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Chad played one season in the minor leagues and later joined the coaching staff of the Tulane baseball team."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Chicago Cubs (1976–1980)",
"text": "Tidrow would enter the game and pitch a couple of innings before Sutter came in for the save."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Chicago Cubs (1976–1980)",
"text": "Sutter became the 12th NL pitcher and the 19th pitcher in MLB history to achieve an immaculate inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame",
"text": "My kids said the first time they ever saw me cry was when I got that phone call [telling him that he was elected]."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Chicago Cubs (1976–1980)",
"text": "On September 8, 1977, Sutter struck out three batters on nine pitches — Ellis Valentine, Gary Carter and Larry Parrish — in the ninth inning of a 10-inning 3–2 win over the Montreal Expos."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played five years for the Cubs, four for the St. Louis Cardinals, and three for the Atlanta Braves, serving as each team's closer during his tenure."
}
] |
Bruce Sutter is an American soccer player who played for the Chicago Fire as a kid and played quarterback in high school.
| 0 | 1 |
Bruce Sutter
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A member of the Republican Party, he held office during the onset of the Great Depression."
}
] |
9xUmfCUy6dGzsFUaHLcw
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "World War I and aftermath | 1920 election",
"text": "Despite his service in the Democratic administration of Woodrow Wilson, Hoover had never been closely affiliated with either the Democrats or the Republicans."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | 1932 re-election campaign",
"text": "The Democrats attacked Hoover as the cause of the Great Depression, and for being indifferent to the suffering of millions."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | 1932 re-election campaign",
"text": "However, encouraged by Republican pleas and outraged by Democratic claims, Hoover entered the public fray."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | 1932 re-election campaign",
"text": "Franklin D. Roosevelt won the presidential nomination on the fourth ballot of the 1932 Democratic National Convention, defeating the 1928 Democratic nominee, Al Smith."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Great Depression | Later policies",
"text": ", Hoover allowed his opponents in the Democratic Party to define him as cold, incompetent, reactionary, and out-of-touch."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hoover won the Republican nomination in the 1928 presidential election, and decisively defeated the Democratic candidate, Al Smith."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the midst of the economic crisis, Hoover was decisively defeated by Democratic nominee Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1932 presidential election."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Great Depression | Later policies",
"text": "Democrats positioned the program as a kinder alternative to Hoover's alleged apathy towards the unemployed."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Civil rights and Mexican Repatriation",
"text": "Hoover also continued to pursue the lily-white strategy, removing African Americans from positions of leadership in the Republican Party in an attempt to end the Democratic Party's dominance in the South."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | 1932 re-election campaign",
"text": "The Democratic Party, including Al Smith and other national leaders, coalesced behind Roosevelt, while progressive Republicans like George Norris and Robert La Follette Jr. deserted Hoover."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A member of the Republican Party, he held office during the onset of the Great Depression."
}
] |
Hoover was a Democrat.
| 0 | 0 |
Herbert Hoover
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Children and parenthood | Burr's daughter Theodosia",
"text": "They had a son together, Aaron Burr Alston, who died of fever at age ten."
}
] |
9xY9Gwpppv0xnp0f0lh0
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Young Aaron and Sally were then placed with the William Shippen family in Philadelphia."
},
{
"section_header": "Children and parenthood | Burr's daughter Theodosia",
"text": "Believing that a young woman should have an education equal to that of a young man, Burr prescribed a rigorous course of studies for her which included the classics, French, horsemanship, and music."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "As a child, he made several attempts to run away from home."
},
{
"section_header": "Children and parenthood | Adopted and acknowledged children",
"text": "A Burr biographer described Aaron Columbus Burr as \"the product of a Paris adventure,\" conceived presumably during Burr's exile from the United States between 1808 and 1814.In 1835, the year before his death, Burr acknowledged two young daughters whom he had fathered late in his life, by different mothers."
},
{
"section_header": "Children and parenthood | Adopted and acknowledged children",
"text": "Aaron (né Aaron Burr Columbe) was born in Paris in 1808 and arrived in America around 1815, and Charles was born in 1814.Both of the boys were reputed to be Burr's biological sons."
},
{
"section_header": "Children and parenthood | Burr's daughter Theodosia",
"text": "They had a son together, Aaron Burr Alston, who died of fever at age ten."
},
{
"section_header": "Exile and return",
"text": "Burr lived in self-imposed exile from 1808 to 1812, passing most of this period in England, where he occupied a house on Craven Street in London."
},
{
"section_header": "Children and parenthood | Stepchildren and protégés",
"text": "The young daughter of a French marquis, Nathalie had been taken to New York for safety during the French Revolution by her governess Caroline de Senat."
},
{
"section_header": "Revolutionary War",
"text": "Later that year, Burr commanded a small contingent during the harsh winter encampment at Valley Forge, guarding \"the Gulph,\" an isolated pass that controlled one approach to the camp."
},
{
"section_header": "Conspiracy and trial",
"text": "This was a misdemeanor, based on the Neutrality Act of 1794, which Congress passed to block filibuster expeditions against U.S. neighbors, such as those of George Rogers Clark and William Blount."
}
] |
Aaron Burr's grandson passed away when he was young.
| 1 | 5 |
Aaron Burr
|
Technology
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father was a prominent lawyer, and his mother served on the board of directors for First Interstate BancSystem and the United Way of America."
}
] |
9xjCvtzdfvxet1nzK4u3
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Gates was born in Seattle, Washington, on October 28, 1955."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation",
"text": "Gates studied the work of Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller, and donated some of his Microsoft stock in 1994 to create the \"William H. Gates Foundation.\" In 2000, Gates and his wife combined three family foundations and Gates donated stock valued at $5 billion to create the charitable Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which was identified by the Funds for NGOs company in 2013, as the world's wealthiest charitable foundation, with assets reportedly valued at more than $34.6 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Henry Gates III (born October 28, 1955) is an American business magnate, software developer, investor, and philanthropist."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation",
"text": "The goal of the foundation is to provide 120 million women and girls, in the poorest countries, with high-quality contraceptive information and services, with the longer-term goal of universal access to voluntary family planning."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation",
"text": "As of 2007, Bill and Melinda Gates were the second-most generous philanthropists in America, having given over $28 billion to charity; the couple plan to eventually donate 95% of their wealth to charity."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | Personal donations",
"text": "Gates and his wife invited Joan Salwen to Seattle to speak about what the family had done, and on December 9, 2010, Bill and Melinda Gates and investor Warren Buffett each signed a commitment they called the \"Giving Pledge\", which is a commitment by all three to donate at least half of their wealth, over the course of time, to charity."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He is the fourth of his name in his family but is known as William Gates III or \"Trey\" (i.e., three) because his father had the \"II\" suffix."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | Personal donations",
"text": "With only $30 million kept in the family, they are expected to give away about 99.96% of their wealth."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The family lived in the Sand Point area of Seattle in a home that was damaged by a rare tornado when Gates was seven years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born and raised in Seattle, Washington, Gates co-founded Microsoft with childhood friend Paul Allen in 1975, in Albuquerque, New Mexico; it went on to become the world's largest personal computer software company."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father was a prominent lawyer, and his mother served on the board of directors for First Interstate BancSystem and the United Way of America."
}
] |
Bill Gates was born in a impoverished family.
| 1 | 5 |
Bill Gates
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Aram Il'yich Khachaturian (; Russian: Арам Ильич Хачатурян, IPA: [ɐˈram ɪˈlʲjit͡ɕ xət͡ɕɪtʊˈrʲan]; Armenian: Արամ Խաչատրյան, Aram Xačatryan; pronounced [ɑˈɾɑm χɑt͡ʃʰɑt(ə)ɾˈjɑn]; 6 June [O.S. 24 May] 1903 – 1 May 1978) was a Soviet Armenian composer and conductor."
}
] |
9y0B8CSV0VrWddhKRP8S
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Recognition | In Armenia",
"text": "Khachaturian is highly regarded in Armenia and considered a national treasure."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is highly regarded in Armenia, where he is considered a \"national treasure\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Recognition | Reputation in the West",
"text": "Although describing him as an important and highly popular composer and a \"man of pronounced gifts\", Harold C. Schonberg argued in 1978 that Khachaturian \"frankly composed popular music\" and"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Recognition | In Armenia",
"text": "\"Naturally, he immediately became an example for young national composers and a hero in Armenia,\" suggests Maya Pritsker."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Aram Il'yich Khachaturian (; Russian: Арам Ильич Хачатурян, IPA: [ɐˈram ɪˈlʲjit͡ɕ xət͡ɕɪtʊˈrʲan]; Armenian: Արամ Խաչատրյան, Aram Xačatryan; pronounced [ɑˈɾɑm χɑt͡ʃʰɑt(ə)ɾˈjɑn]; 6 June [O.S. 24 May] 1903 – 1 May 1978) was a Soviet Armenian composer and conductor."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Recognition | In Armenia",
"text": "But at the same time it marries this beautiful neo-romanticism and lush orchestration and the over-the-top approach, so I think, he can be quite relevant these days.\" Khachaturian was the most renowned Armenian composer of the 20th century, and the most famous representative of Soviet Armenian culture."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Posthumous honors and tribute",
"text": "the festival of symphonic music Aram Khachaturian-93 was held in Yerevan."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Recognition",
"text": "Khachaturian is generally considered one of the leading composers of the Soviet Union."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Recognition | In Armenia",
"text": "Khachaturian's influence can be traced in nearly all trends of Armenian classical music traditions (symphonic and chamber), including on Arno Babajanian, a significant Armenian composer of the late Soviet period."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Recognition",
"text": "With the two aforementioned composers and Dmitry Kabalevsky, Khachaturian \"was one of the few Soviet composers to have become known to the wider international public\"."
}
] |
Aram Khachaturian was a Soviet composer and highly regarded in Armenia.
| 0 | 0 |
Aram Khachaturian
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Critical response and impact",
"text": "Modern scholars and critics generally view the short story as an allegorical tale written to expose the contradictions in place concerning Puritan beliefs and societies."
}
] |
9y4T9nXmdbTnaEdUSbkX
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Young Goodman Brown\" is a short story published in 1835 by American writer Nathaniel Hawthorne."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "In \"Young Goodman Brown\", as with much of his other writing, he utilizes ambiguity."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "\"Young Goodman Brown\" is often characterized as an allegory about the recognition of evil and depravity as the nature of humanity."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical response and impact",
"text": "\"Can't Deny My Love\" is based on Hawthorne's story, with Flowers starring as the Goodman Brown figure and Evan Rachel Wood as his wife."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical response and impact",
"text": "Herman Melville said \"Young Goodman Brown\" was \"as deep as Dante\" and Henry James called it a \"magnificent little romance\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "Hawthorne gives the characters specific names that depict abstract pure and wholesome beliefs, such as \"Young Goodman Brown\" and \"Faith\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The story begins at dusk in Salem Village, Massachusetts as young Goodman Brown leaves Faith, his wife of three months, for some unknown errand in the forest."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "Hawthorne aims to critique the ideals of Puritan society and express his disdain for it, thus illustrating the difference between the appearance of those in society and their true identities."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Other townspeople inhabit the woods that night, traveling in the same direction as Goodman Brown."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Goodman Brown calls to heaven and Faith to resist and instantly the scene vanishes."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical response and impact",
"text": "Modern scholars and critics generally view the short story as an allegorical tale written to expose the contradictions in place concerning Puritan beliefs and societies."
}
] |
Nathaniel Hawthorne's Young Goodman Brown is, at heart, a critique of societal norms.
| 2 | 5 |
Young Goodman Brown
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "According to the Human Development Index, Cuba has high human development and is ranked the eighth highest in North America, though 72nd in the world in 2019."
}
] |
9z0iR1UTD1ICaYeYfd4W
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Health",
"text": "Cuba ranks 30th on the 2019 Bloomberg Healthiest Country Index, which is the only developing country to rank that high."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "According to the Human Development Index, Cuba has high human development and is ranked the eighth highest in North America, though 72nd in the world in 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Health",
"text": "That a developing nation like Cuba has health outcomes rivaling the developed world is referred to by researchers as the Cuban Health Paradox."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "In 2005, Cuba had exports of US$2.4 billion, ranking 114 of 226 world countries, and imports of US$6.9 billion, ranking 87 of 226 countries."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Cuba also ranked 11th in the world in the number of doctors per capita."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Republic (1902–1959) | Constitution of 1940",
"text": "After finishing his term in 1944 Batista lived in Florida, returning to Cuba to run for president in 1952."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics",
"text": "The President of Cuba, who is also elected by the Assembly, serves for five years and there is no limit to the number of terms of office."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Spanish colonization and rule (1492–1898)",
"text": "Cuba developed slowly and, unlike the plantation islands of the Caribbean, had a diversified agriculture."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Foreign relations",
"text": "Cuba has conducted a foreign policy that is uncharacteristic of such a minor, developing country."
},
{
"section_header": "Health",
"text": "This ranks Cuba 59th in the world and 5th in the Americas, behind Canada, Chile, Costa Rica and the United States."
}
] |
Cuba is lowly ranked in term of development.
| 2 | 5 |
Cuba
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the oldest known monumental sculpture in Egypt and is commonly believed to have been designed, sculpted, and constructed by ancient Egyptians of the Old Kingdom during the reign of the pharaoh Khafre (c. 2558–2532 BC)."
}
] |
9z7kLhU56aBE5dLmv4UP
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the oldest known monumental sculpture in Egypt and is commonly believed to have been designed, sculpted, and constructed by ancient Egyptians of the Old Kingdom during the reign of the pharaoh Khafre (c. 2558–2532 BC)."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin and identity",
"text": "The Great Sphinx is one of the world's largest and oldest statues, but basic facts about it are still subject to debate, such as when it was built, by whom and for what purpose."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "The Sphinx is a monolith carved into the bedrock of the plateau, which also served as the quarry for the pyramids and other monuments in the area."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "In the last 700 years, there has been a proliferation of travellers and reports from Lower Egypt, unlike Upper Egypt, which was seldom reported from prior to the mid-18th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin and identity | Dissenting hypotheses | Early Egyptologists",
"text": "English Egyptologist E. A. Wallis Budge agreed that the Sphinx predated Khafre's reign, writing in The Gods of the Egyptians (1914): \"This marvelous object [the Great Sphinx] was in existence in the days of Khafre, or Khephren, and it is probable that it is a very great deal older than his reign and that it dates from the end of the archaic period [c. 2686 BC].\" Maspero believed the Sphinx to be \"the most ancient monument in Egypt\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Mythology",
"text": "Muhammad al-Idrisi stated that those wishing to obtain bureaucratic positions in the Egyptian government gave incense offering to the monument."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Facing directly from West to East, it stands on the Giza Plateau on the west bank of the Nile in Giza, Egypt."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "However, from the time of the Napoleonic invasion of Egypt onwards, a number of accurate images were widely available in Europe, and copied by others."
},
{
"section_header": "Missing nose and beard",
"text": "Traces of yellow and blue pigment have been found elsewhere on the Sphinx, leading Mark Lehner to suggest that the monument \"was once decked out in gaudy comic book colors\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "A number of \"dead-end\" shafts are known to exist within and below the body of the Great Sphinx, most likely dug by treasure hunters and tomb robbers."
}
] |
It is the oldest known monumental sculpture in Egypt.
| 2 | 4 |
Great Sphinx of Giza
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Coleridge-Taylor was 37 when he died of pneumonia."
}
] |
9z8Ci8MoxlN0LyyqGjoR
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Sources and further reading",
"text": "Elford, Charles (2008). Black Mahler: The Samuel Coleridge-Taylor Story."
},
{
"section_header": "Sources and further reading",
"text": "Self, Geoffrey (1995). The Hiawatha Man: the Life & Work of Samuel Coleridge-Taylor."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Coleridge-Taylor sought to draw from traditional African music and integrate it into the classical tradition, which he considered Johannes Brahms to have done with Hungarian music and Antonín Dvořák with Bohemian music."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "The young man later used the name \"Samuel Coleridge-Taylor\", with a hyphen, said to be following a printer's typographical error."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Dunbar and other black people encouraged Coleridge-Taylor to draw from his Sierra Leonean ancestry and the music of the African continent."
},
{
"section_header": "Sources and further reading",
"text": "Green, Jeffrey (2011). Samuel Coleridge-Taylor, a Musical Life."
},
{
"section_header": "Recordings",
"text": "Samuel Coleridge-Taylor: Chamber Music – Hawthorne String Quartet."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "A two-hour documentary, Samuel Coleridge Taylor and His Music in America, 1900–1912 (2013), was made about him and includes a performance of several of his pieces, as well as information about him and his prominent place in music."
},
{
"section_header": "Posthumous publishing | Thelma, the missing opera",
"text": "While researching for a PhD on the life and music of Samuel Coleridge-Taylor, Catherine Carr unearthed the manuscripts of Thelma in the British Library."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1792 some 1200 blacks from Nova Scotia chose to leave what they considered a hostile climate and society, and moved to Sierra Leone, which the British had established as a colony for free blacks."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Coleridge-Taylor was 37 when he died of pneumonia."
}
] |
Samuel Coleridge-Taylor was killed by a racist assassin that did not appreciate a black man writing classical music.
| 0 | 0 |
Samuel Coleridge-Taylor
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Macau, also spelled Macao ( (listen); 澳門, Cantonese: [ōu.mǔːn]; official Portuguese: [mɐˈkaw] Macau), and officially the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is a city in the western Pearl River Delta by the South China Sea."
}
] |
9zft1LTD7ZoTsUCZ3RuE
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "when the Treaty of Peking was renegotiated in 1928.During the Second World War, the Empire of Japan did not occupy the colony and generally respected Portuguese neutrality in Macau."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "However, after Japanese troops captured a British cargo ship in Macau waters in 1943, Japan installed a group of government \"advisors\" as an alternative to military occupation."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Macau was at the peak of its prosperity as a major entrepôt during the late 16th century, providing a crucial connection in exporting Chinese silk to Japan during the Nanban trade period."
},
{
"section_header": "Infrastructure | Healthcare",
"text": "Macau is served by one major public hospital, the Hospital Conde S. Januário, and one major private hospital, the Kiang Wu Hospital, both located in Macau Peninsula, as well as a university associated hospital called Macau University of Science and Technology Hospital in Cotai."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The territory largely avoided military action during the war except in 1945, when the United States ordered air raids on Macau after learning that the colonial government was preparing to sell aviation fuel to Japan."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "The Historic Centre of Macau, which includes some twenty-five historic locations, was officially listed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO on 15 July 2005 during the 29th session of the World Heritage Committee, held in Durban, South Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "Infrastructure | Transport",
"text": "Public bus services operate over 80 routes, supplemented by free hotel shuttle buses that also run routes to popular tourist attractions and downtown locations."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "One of the main examples of the report is that the headquarter of the Liaison Office of the Central People's Government, which is located on the Guia foothill and obstructs the view of the Guia Fortress (one of the world heritages symbols of Macao)."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Macau entered a period of decline in the 1640s following a series of catastrophic events for the burgeoning colony: Portuguese access to trade routes was irreparably severed when Japan halted trade in 1639, Portugal revolted against Spain in 1640, and Malacca fell to the Dutch in 1641.Maritime trade with China was banned in 1644 following the Qing conquest under the Haijin policies and limited only to Macau on a lesser scale while the new dynasty focused on eliminating surviving Ming loyalists."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Casinos employ about 24 per cent of the total workforce in the region. \" Increased competition from casinos popping up across Asia to lure away Chinese high rollers and tourists\" in Singapore, South Korea, Japan, Nepal, the Philippines, Australia, Vietnam and the Russian Far East led in 2019 to the lowest revenues in three years."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Macau, also spelled Macao ( (listen); 澳門, Cantonese: [ōu.mǔːn]; official Portuguese: [mɐˈkaw] Macau), and officially the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is a city in the western Pearl River Delta by the South China Sea."
}
] |
Macau is located in Japan.
| 0 | 0 |
Macau
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Yevgeniy Onegin, IPA: [jɪvˈɡʲenʲɪj ɐˈnʲeɡʲɪn]) is a novel in verse written by Alexander Pushkin."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In the 1820s, Eugene Onegin is a bored St. Petersburg dandy, whose life consists of balls, concerts, parties, and nothing more."
}
] |
9zpcBoixdyOH2dzntZO4
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication",
"text": "The first complete edition of the book was published in 1833."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Tatyana visits Onegin's mansion, where she looks through his books and his notes in the margins, and begins to question whether Onegin's character is merely a collage of different literary heroes, and if there is, in fact, no \"real Onegin\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Main characters",
"text": "Eugene Onegin: A dandy from Saint Petersburg, about 26."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In the 1820s, Eugene Onegin is a bored St. Petersburg dandy, whose life consists of balls, concerts, parties, and nothing more."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The book is admired for the artfulness of its verse narrative as well as for its exploration of life, death, love, ennui, convention, and passion."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "His inability to relate to the feelings of others and his entire lack of empathy – the cruelty instilled in him by the \"world\" – is epitomized in the very first stanza of the first book by his stunningly self-centered thoughts about being with the dying uncle whose estate he is to inherit: \"But God how deadly dull to sample"
},
{
"section_header": "Translations | Into English | Other English translations",
"text": "Douglas Hofstadter published a translation in 1999, again preserving the Onegin stanzas, after having summarised the controversy (and severely criticised Nabokov's attitude towards verse translation) in his book Le Ton beau de Marot."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations | Into English | Arndt and Nabokov",
"text": "Nabokov's previously close friend Edmund Wilson reviewed Nabokov's translation in the New York Review of Books, which sparked an exchange of letters and an enduring falling-out between them."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV, Radio or theatrical adaptations | Play",
"text": "The title role was played by Josie Lawrence, and the director was Pip Broughton."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV, Radio or theatrical adaptations | Ballet",
"text": "Most recently Lera Auerbach created a ballet score titled Tatiana, with a libretto written by John Neumeier for his choreographic interpretation and staging of Alexander Pushkin's Eugene Onegin, for a co-production by the Hamburg State Opera and the Stanislavski and Nemirovich-Danchenko Moscow Academic Music Theatre in Moscow."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Yevgeniy Onegin, IPA: [jɪvˈɡʲenʲɪj ɐˈnʲeɡʲɪn]) is a novel in verse written by Alexander Pushkin."
}
] |
Eugene Onegin is a book about a character whose name is the title of this book.
| 0 | 1 |
Eugene Onegin
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Hulbert is buried in Graceland Cemetery under a grave marker designed to look like a baseball."
}
] |
A07URvbE76TTkKsniFLy
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "The result was the founding of the National League of Professional Baseball Clubs."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Hulbert is buried in Graceland Cemetery under a grave marker designed to look like a baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Hulbert's final major act as president also involved the Cincinnati franchise."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "For decades, Hulbert was kept out of the Baseball Hall of Fame despite his critical role in founding the first professional league."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "In 1879, after the Cincinnati franchise nearly collapsed amid controversy created by having three star players making more money than the rest of the team combined, Hulbert oversaw the imposition of the first reserve rule designed to curb player salaries and prevent players jumping from team to team."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "While it was understood from the league's inception that beer and Sunday baseball were inappropriate, they were not actually prohibited by league rules, and the Cincinnati club, playing in a city with a large German population fond of beer and Sunday entertainment, practiced both activities to boost revenue."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Ambrose Hulbert (October 23, 1832 – April 10, 1882) was one of the founders of the National League, recognized as baseball's first major league, and was also the president of the Chicago White Stockings franchise."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "A backer of the Chicago White Stockings baseball club of the National Association from its inception in 1871, Hulbert became an officer of the club in 1874 when it resumed play after being forced to sit out two seasons due to the Great Chicago Fire and assumed the presidency the next year."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "In a move that established a precedent for future handling of dishonest ballplayers, Hulbert banned all four players from the league for life."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Force, the shortstop of the White Stockings that year, was a notorious \"contract jumper\", a common occurrence in the National Association in which players would move from team to team each year selling themselves to the highest bidder."
}
] |
The late baseball player, William Hulbert's headstone is appropriately shaped like a baseball.
| 0 | 0 |
William Hulbert
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Religion and philosophy",
"text": "Though it is generally believed that Zarathushtra's teachings maintained influence on Cyrus's acts and policies, so far no clear evidence has been found to indicate that Cyrus practiced a specific religion."
}
] |
A0DYoJTuDfv6PwIrHuMO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He led an expedition into Central Asia, which resulted in major campaigns that were described as having brought \"into subjection every nation without exception."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise and military campaigns | Lydian Empire and Asia Minor",
"text": "Croesus retreated to Sardis the following morning."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Having originated from Persis, roughly corresponding to the modern Iranian province of Fars, Cyrus has played a crucial role in defining the national identity of modern Iran."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise and military campaigns | Neo-Babylonian Empire",
"text": "Nabonidus, who had retreated to Sippar following his defeat at Opis, fled to Borsippa."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise and military campaigns | Median Empire",
"text": "Cyrus the Great succeeded to the throne in 559 BC following his father's death; however, Cyrus was not yet an independent ruler."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Religion and philosophy",
"text": "Whether this was a new policy or the continuation of policies followed by the Babylonians and Assyrians (as Lester Grabbe maintains) is disputed."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Burial",
"text": "Translated Greek accounts describe the tomb as having been placed in the fertile Pasargadae gardens, surrounded by trees and ornamental shrubs, with a group of Achaemenian protectors called the \"Magi,\" stationed nearby to protect the edifice from theft or damage."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Cyrus Cylinder",
"text": "It had been placed in the foundations of the Esagila (the temple of Marduk in Babylon) as a foundation deposit following the Persian conquest in 539 BC."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "It is probable that, when reuniting with his original family, following the naming customs, Cyrus's father, Cambyses I, named him Cyrus after his grandfather, who was Cyrus I."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Mythology",
"text": "Following the meal, Astyages' servants brought Harpagus the head, hands and feet of his son on platters, so he could realize his inadvertent cannibalism."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Religion and philosophy",
"text": "Though it is generally believed that Zarathushtra's teachings maintained influence on Cyrus's acts and policies, so far no clear evidence has been found to indicate that Cyrus practiced a specific religion."
}
] |
Cyrus the Great may have been a follower of Zoroastrianism.
| 0 | 0 |
Cyrus the Great
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Part I: The Reminiscences of Watson",
"text": "Part I leads with a heading which establishes the role of Dr. John Watson as narrator and sets up the narrative stand-point that the work to follow is not fiction, but fact: \"Being a Reprint from the Reminiscences of John H. Watson, MD, Late of the Army Medical Department.\" The story begins in 1881, when Watson, having returned to London after serving in the Second Anglo-Afghan War, visits the Criterion Restaurant and runs into an old friend named Stamford, who had been a dresser under him at St. Bartholomew's Hospital."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story marks the first appearance of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson, who would become the most famous detective duo in popular fiction."
}
] |
A0GdiMfgobtiyxXNy5FI
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Study in Scarlet is an 1887 detective novel written by Arthur Conan Doyle."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story marks the first appearance of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson, who would become the most famous detective duo in popular fiction."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although Conan Doyle wrote 56 short stories featuring Holmes, A Study in Scarlet is one of only four full-length novels in the original canon."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Part I: The Reminiscences of Watson",
"text": "Part I leads with a heading which establishes the role of Dr. John Watson as narrator and sets up the narrative stand-point that the work to follow is not fiction, but fact: \"Being a Reprint from the Reminiscences of John H. Watson, MD, Late of the Army Medical Department.\" The story begins in 1881, when Watson, having returned to London after serving in the Second Anglo-Afghan War, visits the Criterion Restaurant and runs into an old friend named Stamford, who had been a dresser under him at St. Bartholomew's Hospital."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "In 1914, Conan Doyle authorised a British silent film be produced by G. B. Samuelson."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication",
"text": "Conan Doyle wrote the novel at the age of 27 in less than three weeks."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Study in Scarlet was the first work of detective fiction to incorporate the magnifying glass as an investigative tool."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "A two-reel short film, also titled A Study in Scarlet, was released in the United States in 1914, a day after the British film with the same title was released."
},
{
"section_header": "Depiction of Mormonism",
"text": "Conan Doyle's daughter has stated: \"You know, father would be the first to admit that his first Sherlock Holmes novel was full of errors about the Mormons.\" Historians speculate that \"Conan Doyle, a voracious reader, would have access to books by Fannie Stenhouse, William A. Hickman, William Jarman, John Hyde and Ann Eliza Young, among others,\" in explaining the author's early perspective on Mormonism."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "A Study in Scarlet is one of the stories missing from the adaptations made starring Jeremy Brett between 1984 and 1994.Steven Moffat loosely adapted A Study in Scarlet into \"A Study in Pink\" as the first episode of the 2010 BBC television series Sherlock featuring Benedict Cumberbatch as a 21st-century Sherlock Holmes, and Martin Freeman as Dr. Watson."
}
] |
A Study in Scarlet is an 1887 popular fiction novel by British Arthur Conan Doyle, which establishes the role of Dr. John Watson.
| 0 | 0 |
A Study in Scarlet
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Her father left a will stipulating that each of her suitors must choose correctly from one of three caskets, made of gold, silver and lead respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Both suitors leave empty-handed, having rejected the lead casket because of the baseness of its material and the uninviting nature of its slogan, \"Who chooseth me must give and hazard all he hath\"."
}
] |
A0zEf8Jr7BJT6NGyZ2iC
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Themes | Antonio, Bassanio",
"text": "\" Both Antonio and Shylock, agreeing to put Antonio's life at a forfeit, stand outside the normal bounds of society."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The climax of the play is set in the court of the Duke of Venice."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Her father left a will stipulating that each of her suitors must choose correctly from one of three caskets, made of gold, silver and lead respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Antonio, Bassanio",
"text": "Joseph Fiennes, however, who plays Bassanio, encouraged a homoerotic interpretation and, in fact, surprised Irons with the kiss on set, which was filmed in one take."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | Shylock on stage",
"text": "Kean and Irving presented a Shylock justified in wanting his revenge; Adler's Shylock evolved over the years he played the role, first as a stock Shakespearean villain, then as a man whose better nature was overcome by a desire for revenge, and finally as a man who operated not from revenge but from pride."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Cultural references",
"text": "The play continues the story of Shylock's daughter Jessica, who lives in an anti-semitic Venice and practices her Jewish faith in secret."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Antonio, Bassanio",
"text": ", he's leaving it up to his actors."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "He finally agrees to lend the sum to Bassanio without interest upon one condition: if Antonio were unable to repay it at the specified date, Shylock may take a pound of Antonio's flesh."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Film, TV and radio version",
"text": "Set around 1930, Henry Goodman played Shylock."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Portia and Bassanio marry, as do Gratiano and Portia's handmaid Nerissa."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Both suitors leave empty-handed, having rejected the lead casket because of the baseness of its material and the uninviting nature of its slogan, \"Who chooseth me must give and hazard all he hath\"."
}
] |
The father in the Merchant of Venice set up a challenge where a man had to agree to put it all on the line if he wanted to marry his daughter.
| 0 | 0 |
The Merchant of Venice
|
Popular Culture
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in Paris and brought up in Oxfordshire, Watson attended the Dragon School and trained as an actress at the Oxford branch of Stagecoach Theatre Arts."
}
] |
A13DC2CYV7YYsTf5xkwZ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "After moving to Oxford with her mother and brother, she attended the Dragon School, remaining there until 2003."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Emma Charlotte Duerre Watson (born 15 April 1990) is an English actress, model, and activist."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in Paris and brought up in Oxfordshire, Watson attended the Dragon School and trained as an actress at the Oxford branch of Stagecoach Theatre Arts."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "After the Dragon School, Watson moved on to Headington School, Oxford."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Emma Charlotte Duerre Watson was born on 15 April 1990 in Paris, France, to English lawyers Jacqueline Luesby and Chris Watson."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2004–2011: Harry Potter and other roles",
"text": "Later that year, Watson became the youngest person to appear on the cover of Teen Vogue, an appearance she reprised in August 2009."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "From the age of six, she wanted to become an actress, and trained at the Oxford branch of Stagecoach Theatre Arts, a part-time theatre school where she studied singing, dancing, and acting."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Modelling and fashion",
"text": "Draped in an Elie Saab haute couture design donated to Tussauds by the designer, Nicole Fenner stated, \"Emma is one of the most requested personalities by our guests."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Modelling and fashion",
"text": "Three years later, the British press reported that Watson was to replace Keira Knightley as the face of the fashion house Chanel, but this was denied by both parties."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Modelling and fashion",
"text": "The collection, described by The Times as \"very clever\" despite their \"quiet hope that [she] would become tangled at the first hemp-woven hurdle\", was widely publicised in magazines such as Teen Vogue, Cosmopolitan, and People."
}
] |
Emma Watson birthplace is Manchester and attend Dragon School to become a lawyer and she later became an activist and model.
| 3 | 7 |
Emma Watson
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father worked at a brewery and his mother worked at a shoe factory in New Athens, where the family lived."
},
{
"section_header": "Player development",
"text": "After his playing career ended, Herzog rejoined the Athletics for two seasons, as a scout in 1964 and a coach in 1965."
}
] |
A155UqJVrQCzLx6xmUn3
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Post-Cardinals career | Later life",
"text": "In addition, the Cardinals retired the number '24', which he wore during his managerial tenure with the club, in his honor on July 31, following his induction."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Post-Cardinals career | Later life",
"text": "Herzog and Jim Leyland were candidates to become manager of the Boston Red Sox following the 1996 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Player development",
"text": "After his playing career ended, Herzog rejoined the Athletics for two seasons, as a scout in 1964 and a coach in 1965."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Post-Cardinals career | Later life",
"text": "In January 2014, the Cardinals announced Herzog among 22 former players and personnel to be inducted into the St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame Museum for the inaugural class of 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Post-Cardinals career | Later life",
"text": "His grandson John Urick was a minor league first baseman and outfielder from 2003 until 2010 who played for managers and former Herzog-era Cardinals Garry Templeton and Hal Lanier."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dorrel Norman Elvert \"Whitey\" Herzog (; born November 9, 1931) is an American former professional baseball outfielder and manager, most notable for his Major League Baseball (MLB) managerial career."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After his playing career ended in 1963, Herzog went on to perform a variety of roles in Major League Baseball, including scout, manager, coach, general manager, and farm system director."
},
{
"section_header": "Player development",
"text": "Herzog was a candidate to become the Mets' manager after the death of Gil Hodges prior to the 1972 season, but was passed over in favor of first-base coach Yogi Berra by chairman of the board M. Donald Grant."
},
{
"section_header": "Player development",
"text": "The next seven years were spent with the New York Mets, the first, in 1966, as the third-base coach for manager Wes Westrum."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Post-Cardinals career | Failed General Manager stint",
"text": "He feuded with the team Vice President and \"alienated several players with his brash, sometimes abusive"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father worked at a brewery and his mother worked at a shoe factory in New Athens, where the family lived."
}
] |
Following his retirement, Herzog returned to his former team as coach.
| 1 | 5 |
Whitey Herzog
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Four months into his term, Garfield was shot by an assassin; he died 11 weeks later, and Arthur assumed the presidency."
}
] |
A19ef6Ms4riROp4xToyI
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Presidency 1881–1885 | Native American policy",
"text": "The allotment system was favored by liberal reformers at the time, but eventually proved detrimental to Native Americans as most of their land was resold at low prices to white speculators."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency 1881–1885 | Native American policy",
"text": "During Arthur's presidency, settlers and cattle ranchers continued to encroach on Native American territory."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency 1881–1885 | Native American policy",
"text": "The Arthur administration was challenged by changing relations with western Native American tribes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chester Alan Arthur (October 5, 1829 – November 18, 1886) was an American attorney and politician who served as the 21st president of the United States from 1881 to 1885."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency 1881–1885 | Native American policy",
"text": "Arthur urged Congress to increase funding for Native American education, which it did in 1884, although not to the extent he wished."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency 1881–1885 | Native American policy",
"text": "The American Indian Wars were winding down, and public sentiment was shifting toward more favorable treatment of Native Americans."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency 1881–1885 | Native American policy",
"text": "He also favored a move to the allotment system, under which individual Native Americans, rather than tribes, would own land."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency 1881–1885 | Foreign affairs and immigration",
"text": "The 47th Congress spent a great deal of time on immigration, and at times was in accord with Arthur."
},
{
"section_header": "New York politician | Conkling's machine",
"text": "The Collector was responsible for hiring hundreds of workers to collect the tariffs due at the United States' busiest port."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency 1881–1885 | Native American policy",
"text": "Arthur's successor, Grover Cleveland, finding that title belonged to the Native Americans, revoked Arthur's order a few months later."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Four months into his term, Garfield was shot by an assassin; he died 11 weeks later, and Arthur assumed the presidency."
}
] |
Chester A. Arthur was an American president due to the fact that the president at the time was killed.
| 0 | 5 |
Chester A. Arthur
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After graduating from Harvard University, Lodge won election to the Massachusetts House of Representatives."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1924, he graduated cum laude from Harvard University, where he was a member of the Hasty Pudding and the Fox Club."
}
] |
A1Cei8MBsuYcfM8tS4ah
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Political career | Ambassador to South Vietnam",
"text": "Dinh told the press conference: \"I have defeated Henry Cabot Lodge."
},
{
"section_header": "Books",
"text": "Richardson, Elliot \"Henry Cabot Lodge\" pages 149-152 from Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They had two children: George Cabot Lodge II (b. 1927) and Henry Sears Lodge (1930-2017)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father was George Cabot Lodge, a poet, through whom he was a grandson of Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, great-great-grandson of Senator Elijah H. Mills, and great-great-great-grandson of Senator George Cabot."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. (July 5, 1902 – February 27, 1985), sometimes referred to as Henry Cabot Lodge II, was a Republican United States Senator from Massachusetts in both Senate seats in non-consecutive terms of service and a United States ambassador."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in Nahant, Massachusetts, Lodge was the grandson of Senator Henry Cabot Lodge and the great-grandson of Secretary of State Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | The Multi-Decade Political Rivalry of the Lodge & Kennedy Families",
"text": "The first clash came in 1916 when the Senator’s grandfather and namesake Henry Cabot Lodge, Sr. had defeated Kennedy's grandfather and namesake John F. Fitzgerald, popularly known as “Honey Fitz”."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | Ambassador to South Vietnam",
"text": "Despite Eisenhower's advice not to accept the ambassadorship, Lodge told him that he felt it was his patriotic duty to accept, saying that the Cabot Lodges had always served the United States regardless if the president was a Democrat or a Republican, and he was not going to break with his family's traditions."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After graduating from Harvard University, Lodge won election to the Massachusetts House of Representatives."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | Ambassador to South Vietnam",
"text": "Lodge had been unpopular with his embassy staff, and most were happy to see him go."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1924, he graduated cum laude from Harvard University, where he was a member of the Hasty Pudding and the Fox Club."
}
] |
Henry Cabot Lodge did go to Harvard.
| 0 | 0 |
Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Jumping to the American League",
"text": "He accepted the job, which came with a salary of $5,500, a $3,500 signing bonus, and a cut of the team's profits, despite efforts by Beaneaters owner Arthur Soden to keep him."
}
] |
A1dCRUuaFdYrfH2yAXus
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Remaining career",
"text": "In 1905, the Americans slipped to fourth place, and Collins clashed with team president John I. Taylor, reportedly quitting on the team during the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Collins died of pneumonia on March 6, 1943 at the age of 73."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Major league debut",
"text": "He was soon made the team's starting third baseman, batting .279 over the remainder of the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | First World Series",
"text": "The next season, Collins led the Americans to their first American League pennant, winning the league by 14½ games over the Philadelphia Athletics."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "Because of space limitations the Irish team, including Collins as third baseman, was omitted."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Joseph Collins (January 16, 1870 – March 6, 1943) was an American professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Jumping to the American League",
"text": "\" Collins recruited other National League stars for the Americans' roster, including Cy Young, and in his first season as player-manager guided the team to a second-place finish, four games behind the Chicago White Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "a 1976 Esquire magazine article, sportswriter Harry Stein published an \"All Time All-Star Argument Starter\", consisting of five ethnic baseball teams."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Remaining career",
"text": "After his major league career ended, Collins continued to play and manage in the minor leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Major league debut",
"text": "Collins began his major league career as a right fielder, playing ten games at the position with the Beaneaters in 1895."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Jumping to the American League",
"text": "He accepted the job, which came with a salary of $5,500, a $3,500 signing bonus, and a cut of the team's profits, despite efforts by Beaneaters owner Arthur Soden to keep him."
}
] |
Collins played for 6 MLB teams over his career.
| 0 | 0 |
Jimmy Collins
|
Science
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "She continued to work in the Computer Laboratory until shortly before her death."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Spärck Jones worked at the Cambridge Language Research Unit from the late 1950s, then at Cambridge University Computer Laboratory from 1974 until her retirement in 2002."
}
] |
A2dhC1VLjymuB5Dz2gRC
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal Life",
"text": "She was married to fellow Cambridge computer scientist Roger Needham until his death in 2003."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Spärck Jones worked at the Cambridge Language Research Unit from the late 1950s, then at Cambridge University Computer Laboratory from 1974 until her retirement in 2002."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Karen Ida Boalth Spärck Jones was born in Huddersfield, Yorkshire, England."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Karen Spärck Jones FBA (26 August 1935 – 4 April 2007) was a pioneering British computer scientist responsible for the concept of inverse document frequency, a technology that underlies most modern search engines."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "An annual British Computer Society Karen Spärck Jones lecture is named in her honour."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Spärck Jones was educated at a grammar school in Huddersfield and then from 1953 to 1956 at Girton College, Cambridge, studying history, with an additional final year in Moral Sciences (philosophy)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "She continued to work in the Computer Laboratory until shortly before her death."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2019, The New York Times published her belated obituary in its series Overlooked, calling her \"a pioneer of computer science for work combining statistics and linguistics, and an advocate for women in the field.\" From 2008, to recognize her achievements in the fields of IR and NLP, the Karen Spärck Jones Award is awarded to a new recipient with outstanding research in one or both of her fields."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She briefly became a school teacher, before moving into computer science."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her father was Owen Jones, a lecturer in chemistry, and her mother was Ida Spärck, a Norwegian who moved to Britain during World War II leaving on one of the last boats out of Norway after the German invasion in 1940."
}
] |
Karen Jones was a famous woman computer scientist and work and lived most of her life in Cambridge.
| 2 | 6 |
Karen Sparck Jones
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dell ranked 35th on the 2018 Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue."
}
] |
A3fqMJbtpt3JrUPUZgp8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | IPO",
"text": "On January 29, 2018, it was reported that Dell Technologies was considering a reverse merger with its VMware subsidiary to take the company public."
},
{
"section_header": "History | IPO",
"text": "On December 28, 2018, Dell Technologies became a public company, bypassing the traditional IPO process by buying back shares that tracked the financial performance of VMware."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The Dell Services, Dell Software Group, and the Dell EMC Enterprise Content Divisions were sold shortly thereafter for proceeds of $7.0 billion, which was used to repay debt."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Dell Inc. had returned to private ownership in 2013, claiming that it faced bleak prospects and would need several years out of the public eye to rebuild its business."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dell Technologies Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Round Rock, Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The acquisition maintained VMware as a separate company, held via a new tracking stock, while the rest of EMC were rolled into Dell."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "On October 12, 2015, Dell announced its intent to acquire EMC Corporation, an enterprise software and storage company, in a $67 billion transaction."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "EMC was being pressured by Elliott Management Corporation, a hedge fund holding 2.2% of EMC's stock, to reorganize the unusual \"Federation\" structure, in which EMC's divisions were effectively being run as independent companies."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Elliott argued this structure deeply undervalued EMC's core \"EMC II\" data storage business, and that increasing competition between EMC II and VMware products was confusing the market and hindering both companies."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In addition to Michael Dell, Singapore's Temasek Holdings and Silver Lake Partners were major Dell shareholders that supported the transaction."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dell ranked 35th on the 2018 Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue."
}
] |
Dell is one of the top earning companies in the US according to some publications.
| 0 | 0 |
Dell Technologies
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "R.U.R. is a 1920 science fiction play by the Czech writer Karel Čapek."
}
] |
A3kKVoc4mlnXTaWAxjRt
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "The 1935 Soviet film Loss of Sensation, though based on the 1929 novel Iron Riot, has a similar concept to R.U.R., and all the robots in the film prominently display the name \"R.U.R.\" In the American science fiction television series Dollhouse, the antagonist corporation, Rossum Corp., is named after the play."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "One of the robots is seen driving a car with \"RUR\" as the license plate number."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In Howard Chaykin's Time² graphic novels, Rossum's Universal Robots is a powerful corporation and maker of robots."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history",
"text": "Selver's translation abridged the play and eliminated a character, a robot named \"Damon\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history | Adaptations",
"text": "On 26 November 2015 The RUR-Play: Prologue, the world's first version of R.U.R. with robots appearing in all the roles, was presented during the robot performance festival of Cafe Neu Romance at the gallery of the National Library of Technology in Prague.."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "The Syndeton Experiment included a character named Dr. Rossum who turned humans into robots."
},
{
"section_header": "Robots | Origin of the word",
"text": "In an article in Lidové noviny Karel Čapek named his brother Josef as the true inventor of the word."
},
{
"section_header": "Robots | Origin of the word",
"text": "The name Rossum is an allusion to the Czech word rozum, meaning \"reason\", \"wisdom\", \"intellect\" or \"common sense\"."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In the 1977 Doctor Who serial \"The Robots of Death\", the robot servants turn on their human masters under the influence of an individual named Taren Capel."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In the 1995 science fiction series The Outer Limits, in the remake of the \"I, Robot\" episode from the original 1964 series, the business where the robot Adam Link is built is named \"Rossum Hall Robotics\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "R.U.R. is a 1920 science fiction play by the Czech writer Karel Čapek."
}
] |
R.U.R. is a coming of age novel about a robot named Frannie.
| 0 | 0 |
R.U.R.
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Aram Il'yich Khachaturian (; Russian: Арам Ильич Хачатурян, IPA: [ɐˈram ɪˈlʲjit͡ɕ xət͡ɕɪtʊˈrʲan]; Armenian: Արամ Խաչատրյան, Aram Xačatryan; pronounced [ɑˈɾɑm χɑt͡ʃʰɑt(ə)ɾˈjɑn]; 6 June [O.S. 24 May] 1903 – 1 May 1978) was a Soviet Armenian composer and conductor."
}
] |
A3na3LoaWWf3PUbFF6hE
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Background and early life (1903–21)",
"text": "In 1917, the Bolsheviks rose to power in Russia in the October Revolution."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While following the established musical traditions of Russia, he broadly used Armenian and, to lesser extent, Caucasian, Eastern and Central European, and Middle Eastern peoples' folk music in his works."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Posthumous honors and tribute",
"text": "The House-Museum of Aram Khachaturian in Yerevan was inaugurated in 1982.Music schools are named after Khachaturian in Tbilisi, Moscow (established in 1967, named after him in 1996),"
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Works | Ballets",
"text": "Khachaturian is best known internationally for his ballet music."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Posthumous honors and tribute",
"text": "In 2004, TV Kultura, Russia's government-owned art channel, made a documentary on Khachaturian entitled Century of Aram Khachaturian (Век Арама Хачатуряна).In 1993"
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Background and early life (1903–21)",
"text": "In Tiflis, which has historically been multicultural, Khachaturian was exposed to various cultures."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Background and early life (1903–21)",
"text": "\" Khachaturian always remained enthusiastic about communism, and was an atheist."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early career (1936–48)",
"text": "It was a great success that earned Khachaturian a Soviet State Prize."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Influences | Armenian folk music",
"text": "In a 1969 article about Komitas, Khachaturian called him his \"greatest teacher\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Influences | Russian classical music",
"text": "Khachaturian is cited by musicologists as a follower of Russian classical traditions."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Aram Il'yich Khachaturian (; Russian: Арам Ильич Хачатурян, IPA: [ɐˈram ɪˈlʲjit͡ɕ xət͡ɕɪtʊˈrʲan]; Armenian: Արամ Խաչատրյան, Aram Xačatryan; pronounced [ɑˈɾɑm χɑt͡ʃʰɑt(ə)ɾˈjɑn]; 6 June [O.S. 24 May] 1903 – 1 May 1978) was a Soviet Armenian composer and conductor."
}
] |
Khachaturian was an actor from Russia.
| 0 | 0 |
Aram Khachaturian
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Premiere",
"text": "The Wild Duck premiered 9 January 1885 at Den Nationale Scene, Bergen, Norway."
}
] |
A4THkGwmTL9LT7srAfp6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Hedvig adds that he also will not have time to spend in the loft with the wild duck."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Broadway",
"text": "Produced by Arthur Hopkins, the first English-language production of The Wild Duck opened March 11, 1918, at the Plymouth Theatre in New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Wild Duck (original Norwegian title: Vildanden) is an 1884 play by the Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Most prized is the wild duck they rescued."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Crushed, Hedvig remembers the wild duck and goes to the loft with a pistol."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Robert Ferguson notes that The Wild Duck did not come easily to Ibsen."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is considered the first modern masterpiece in the genre of tragicomedy."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Gregers tries to calm the distraught Hedvig by suggesting that she sacrifice the wild duck for her father's happiness."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Premiere",
"text": "The Wild Duck premiered 9 January 1885 at Den Nationale Scene, Bergen, Norway."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "During the writing process, Norway was characterized by political turmoil, and from his voluntary exile in Rome, Ibsen was concerned that \"the strength of an intimate, personal play such as The Wild Duck might drown in the political debate over the introduction of parliamentarism in Norway\"."
}
] |
The Wild Duck was played for the first time in Broadway.
| 0 | 0 |
The Wild Duck
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "The diverse climate of Chile ranges from the world's driest desert in the north—the Atacama Desert—through a Mediterranean climate in the center, humid subtropical in Easter Island, to an oceanic climate, including alpine tundra and glaciers in the east and south."
}
] |
A4XvRBuuLhRYx7vFMsnY
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Overall, Chile produces a third of the world's copper."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Escondida is the largest copper mine in the world, producing over 5% of global supplies."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "The diverse climate of Chile ranges from the world's driest desert in the north—the Atacama Desert—through a Mediterranean climate in the center, humid subtropical in Easter Island, to an oceanic climate, including alpine tundra and glaciers in the east and south."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Codelco, the state mining firm, competes with private copper mining companies."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "It is the world's southernmost country that is geographically on the mainland."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Copper mining makes up 20% of Chilean GDP and 60% of exports."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "The northern Atacama Desert contains great mineral wealth, primarily copper and nitrates."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century",
"text": "On 5 August 2010 the access tunnel collapsed at the San José copper and gold mine in the Atacama Desert near Copiapó in northern Chile, trapping 33 men 700 metres (2,300 ft) below ground."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century",
"text": "Started under former President Frei, the Popular Unity platform also called for nationalization of Chile's major copper mines in the form of a constitutional amendment."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Mineral resources",
"text": "Chile is rich in mineral resources, especially copper and lithium."
}
] |
Chile has the world's driest desert, and produces a third of the world's copper, with Escondida being the largest copper mine in the world.
| 0 | 0 |
Chile
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Political comeback",
"text": "Following the 1881 assassination of James A. Garfield, he passed his most notable legislation, known as the Pendleton Act of 1883, requiring civil service exams for government positions."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Political comeback",
"text": "The Act helped put an end to the system of patronage in widespread use at the time, but it cost Pendleton politically, as many members of his own party preferred the spoils system."
}
] |
A4uVdVBfgr4ZlVlHnrHQ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After the war, he opposed the Thirteenth Amendment and the Civil Rights Act of 1866."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The 1864 Democratic National Convention nominated a ticket of George B. McClellan, who favored continuing the war, and Pendleton, who opposed it."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Memorials",
"text": "The George H. Pendleton House in Cincinnati is a National Historical Landmark and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1966."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Beliefs",
"text": "Mach (2007) argues that Pendleton's chief contribution was to demonstrate the Whig Party's willingness to use its power in government to achieve Jacksonian ideals."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During the Civil War, he emerged as a leader of the Copperheads, a group of Democrats who favored peace with the Confederacy."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In Steven Spielberg's 2012 film, Lincoln, Pendleton is played by Peter McRobbie and portrayed as one of the most notable opponents of the Thirteenth Amendment and of the Civil Rights Act of 1866."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Beliefs",
"text": "\" was the basis for his leadership in civil service reform and his controversial plan to use greenbacks to repay the federal debt."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Beliefs",
"text": "While his Jacksonian commitment to states' rights and limited government made him a dissenter during the Civil War, what Mach calls Pendleton's Jacksonian \"ardor to expand opportunities for ordinary Americans"
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He voted against the Thirteenth Amendment, which outlawed slavery and involuntary servitude."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | National politics",
"text": "Pendleton ran as an antiwar Democrat in the 1864 presidential elections for Vice President, together with George McClellan."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Political comeback",
"text": "Following the 1881 assassination of James A. Garfield, he passed his most notable legislation, known as the Pendleton Act of 1883, requiring civil service exams for government positions."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Political comeback",
"text": "The Act helped put an end to the system of patronage in widespread use at the time, but it cost Pendleton politically, as many members of his own party preferred the spoils system."
}
] |
George H. Pendleton was widely thought of as an avid nepotist who used his power for his own family's enrichment, as well as opposing the 13th amendment and the North side of the Civil War in general.
| 2 | 3 |
George H. Pendleton
|
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