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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sports
| 8 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He finished his career with the Cleveland Naps and Boston Rustlers, retiring in 1911."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He holds MLB records for the most career wins, with 511, along with most career innings pitched, games started, and complete games."
}
] |
AjgRDsq86On9CzbylL3h
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He holds MLB records for the most career wins, with 511, along with most career innings pitched, games started, and complete games."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Career accomplishments",
"text": "In addition to wins, Young still holds the major league records for most career innings pitched (7,356), most career games started (815), and most complete games (749)."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Move to Boston of the American League",
"text": "Young set major league records for the most consecutive scoreless innings pitched and the most consecutive innings without allowing a hit; the latter record still stands at 25.1 innings, or 76 hitless batters."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Career accomplishments",
"text": "He also retired with 316 losses, the most in MLB history."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Move to Boston of the American League",
"text": "Even after allowing a hit, Young's scoreless streak reached a then-record 45 shutout innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He finished his career with the Cleveland Naps and Boston Rustlers, retiring in 1911."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Move to Boston of the American League",
"text": "Young pitched 13 consecutive scoreless innings before he gave up a pair of unearned runs in the final inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Cleveland Naps and retirement",
"text": "On September 22, 1911, Young shut out the Pittsburgh Pirates, 1–0, for his last career victory."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Cleveland Naps and retirement",
"text": "He split 1911, his final year, between the Naps and the Boston Rustlers."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Move to Boston of the American League",
"text": "The Pirates scored four runs in that first inning, and Young lost the game."
}
] |
Cy Young retired in 1911 and still holds the record for most career wins in the MLB.
| 4 | 8 |
Cy Young
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Antiquity",
"text": "From about 750 BC, the Greeks began to live in Sicily (Σικελία – Sikelia), establishing many important settlements."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Antiquity",
"text": "The most important colony was in Syracuse; others were located at Akragas, Selinunte, Gela, Himera and Zancle."
}
] |
AjiQoNtBup9orwgI5hpR
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "By around 750 BC, Sicily had three Phoenician and a dozen Greek colonies and it was later the site of the Sicilian Wars and the Punic Wars."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sicily (Italian: Sicilia [siˈtʃiːlja]; Sicilian: Sicilia [sɪˈʃiːlja]) is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the 20 regions of Italy."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Antiquity",
"text": "From about 750 BC, the Greeks began to live in Sicily (Σικελία – Sikelia), establishing many important settlements."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "The Aeolian Islands in the Tyrrhenian Sea, to the northeast of mainland Sicily form a volcanic complex, and include Stromboli."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Antiquity",
"text": "The most important colony was in Syracuse; others were located at Akragas, Selinunte, Gela, Himera and Zancle."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sicily is located in the central Mediterranean Sea, south of the Italian Peninsula, from which it is separated by the narrow Strait of Messina."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Antiquity",
"text": "Archimedes, who lived in Syracuse, helped the Carthaginians, but was killed by the Romans after they invaded Syracuse in 213 BC."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Industry and manufacturing",
"text": "The Province of Trapani is one of the largest sea salt producers in Italy."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Rivers",
"text": "The Salso flows through parts of Enna and Caltanissetta before entering the Mediterranean Sea at the port of Licata."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Antiquity",
"text": "The Phoenician settlements in the western part of the island predate the Greeks."
}
] |
Sicily, the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, included the Phoenician colony of Syracuse around 750 BC.
| 0 | 0 |
Sicily
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is known for his neotraditionalist country style, cowboy look, and being one of the first and most prominent country artists to bring country music back to its roots and away from the pop country era in the 1980s."
}
] |
Ajpa7NfJwXEacBwUkcXx
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "George Strait is known as the \"King of Country\" and is considered one of the most influential and popular recording artists of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Their son, George Strait Jr., known as \"Bubba\", was born in 1981.Jenifer was killed in an automobile accident in San Marcos on June 25, 1986, at age 13."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | The Cowboy Rides Away Tour",
"text": "On August 29, 2014, the Country Music Television channel broadcast a two-hour concert special of the event titled George Strait: The Cowboy Rides Away."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is known for his neotraditionalist country style, cowboy look, and being one of the first and most prominent country artists to bring country music back to its roots and away from the pop country era in the 1980s."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "George Strait Jr., who is a graduate of Texas A&M in College Station, used to compete as a Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association team-roping competitor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Strait is also known for his touring career when he designed a 360-degree configuration and introduced festival style tours."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | The Cowboy Rides Away Tour",
"text": "On September 26, 2012, Strait announced that he was retiring from touring, and that his Cowboy Rides Away"
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1970s",
"text": "While he continued to play with his band, without any real connections to the recording industry, Strait became friends with Erv Woolsey, who operated one of the bars in which the Ace in the Hole band played, and who had previously worked for the major label MCA Records."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "\"In February 2012, Strait became a grandfather when George Strait Jr. and his wife Tamara had their first child, a son, George Harvey Strait III."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | The Cowboy Rides Away Tour",
"text": "Tour would be his last. Tickets for both arenas and stadiums on the Cowboy Rides"
}
] |
George Strait was known for dressing like a real cowboy.
| 2 | 3 |
George Strait
|
Music
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Architecture",
"text": "West announced the decision on his Twitter account, tweeting \"we’re starting a Yeezy architecture arm called Yeezy home."
}
] |
Ak0vHjC0bvYMhyUF7Ny8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Fashion",
"text": "On October 1, 2011, Kanye West premiered his women's fashion label, DW Kanye West at Paris Fashion Week."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Architecture",
"text": "West announced the decision on his Twitter account, tweeting \"we’re starting a Yeezy architecture arm called Yeezy home."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Architecture",
"text": "In May 2018, West announced he was starting an architecture firm which will act as an arm of his already successful Yeezy fashion label."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Legacy",
"text": "In his debut album, over a decade ago, Kanye issued what amounted to a social critique and a call to arms (with a beat): \"We rappers is role models: we rap, we don't think."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Fashion",
"text": "On March 6, 2012, West premiered a second fashion line at Paris Fashion Week."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Politics",
"text": ", West said he was visiting Chicago mayor Rahm Emanuel to possibly start a school building project."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Architecture",
"text": "\"In June 2018, the first Yeezy Home collaboration was announced by designer Jalil Peraza, teasing an affordable concrete prefabricated home as part of a social housing project."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Award shows",
"text": "booooo me but I'm a fan of real pop culture... I'm not crazy"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1996–2002: Early work and Roc-A-Fella Records",
"text": "West's breakthrough came a year later on October 23, 2002, when, while driving home from a California recording studio after working late, he fell asleep at the wheel causing a head-on crash with another car."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Fashion",
"text": "He followed with Season 2 later that year at New York Fashion Week."
}
] |
Kanye West's 'Yeezy' fashion has an arm devoted to building homes and real estate.
| 4 | 7 |
Kanye West
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As a result, Ottoman lands in Europe declined sharply, Bulgaria was established as an independent principality within the Ottoman Empire, Eastern Rumelia was restored to the Ottoman Empire under a special administration and the region of Macedonia was returned outright to the Ottoman Empire, which promised reform."
}
] |
Ak1jJjA26TSyoQT64xW0
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Congress returned territories to the Ottoman Empire that the earlier treaty had given to the Principality of Bulgaria, most notably Macedonia, thus setting up a strong revanchist demand in Bulgaria, which led to the 1912 First Balkan War."
},
{
"section_header": "Great powers in Balkans",
"text": "The Congress of Berlin was thus mainly a dispute among supposed allies of Bismarck and his German Empire, the arbiter of the discussion, would thus have to choose before the end of the congress which of their allies to support."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It aimed at determining the territories of the states in the Balkan Peninsula after the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 and came to an end with the signing of the Treaty of Berlin, which replaced the preliminary Treaty of San Stefano, which had been signed three months earlier between Russia and the Ottoman Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Treaty of San Stefano",
"text": "The Congress was attended by Britain, Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Italy, Russia and the Ottoman Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Italy was dissatisfied with the results of the Congress, and the tensions between Greece and the Ottoman Empire were left unresolved."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Serbia and Montenegro finally gained complete independence but with smaller territories, with Austria-Hungary occupying the Sandžak (Raška) region."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Austria-Hungary gained a great deal of territory, which angered the South Slavs and led to decades of tensions in Bosnia and Herzegovina."
},
{
"section_header": "Treaty of San Stefano",
"text": "The Ottomans recognised Montenegro, Romania and Serbia as independent, and the territories of all three of them were expanded."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Congress of Berlin (13 June – 13 July 1878) was a meeting of the representatives of the era's six great powers in Europe (Russia, Great Britain, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Germany), the Ottoman Empire and four Balkan states (Greece, Serbia, Romania and Montenegro)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, who led the Congress, undertook to stabilise the Balkans, recognise the reduced power of the Ottoman Empire and balance the distinct interests of Britain, Russia and Austria-Hungary."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As a result, Ottoman lands in Europe declined sharply, Bulgaria was established as an independent principality within the Ottoman Empire, Eastern Rumelia was restored to the Ottoman Empire under a special administration and the region of Macedonia was returned outright to the Ottoman Empire, which promised reform."
}
] |
The Ottoman Empire gained additional power and territory from the Congress of Berlin.
| 0 | 0 |
Congress of Berlin
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Two fictional supporting characters, Dr. Eve Saks (Jennifer Garner), and Rayon (Jared Leto), were composite roles created from the writers' interviews with transgender AIDS patients, activists, and doctors."
}
] |
AkCqnawiIcvBhD1Dco0j
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dallas Buyers Club is a 2013 American biographical drama film written by Craig Borten and Melisa Wallack, and directed by Jean-Marc Vallée."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Presidential biographer and PEN-USA winner Bill Minutaglio wrote the first magazine profile of The Dallas Buyers Club in 1992."
},
{
"section_header": "Copyright enforcement by the film's makers | Singapore",
"text": "Dallas Buyer Club LLC successfully obtained a court order against two major ISPs Starhub and M1 to reveal customers who have allegedly downloaded illegal copies of the movie."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "\" The Wrap's Alonso Duralde said why he watched the film, \"McConaughey is the only reason to see Dallas Buyers Club, but he's enough of a reason to see Dallas Buyers Club."
},
{
"section_header": "Copyright enforcement by the film's makers | Canada",
"text": "Canadian law firm Aird & Berlis filed a court case on behalf of their client Dallas Buyers Club LLC against 17 \"John Doe\" defendants for alleged piracy of their movie."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "Pick this up before or after you go and see Dallas Buyers Club."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "The characters of Rayon and Dr. Eve Saks were fictional; the writers had interviewed transgender AIDS patients, activists, and doctors for the film and combined these stories to create the two composite supporting roles."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "And really couldn't imagine how I was going to do it, and was so happy at home.\" Jared Leto as Rayon, a fictional trans woman with HIV who helps Woodroof."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "At the 71st Golden Globe Awards McConaughey and Leto again won Best Actor – Motion Picture – Drama and Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Two fictional supporting characters, Dr. Eve Saks (Jennifer Garner), and Rayon (Jared Leto), were composite roles created from the writers' interviews with transgender AIDS patients, activists, and doctors."
}
] |
Dallas Buyers Club is an American biographical drama movie with a fictional supporting cast.
| 0 | 3 |
Dallas Buyers Club
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Among her most influential discoveries are the confirmation of the structure of penicillin as previously surmised by Edward Abraham and Ernst Boris Chain; and the structure of vitamin B12, for which in 1964 she became the third woman to win the Nobel Prize in Chemistry."
}
] |
AlYffZRpImpmaeF0YrTd
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin (12 May 1910 – 29 July 1994) was a British chemist who advanced the technique of X-ray crystallography to determine the structure of biomolecules, which became an essential tool in structural biology."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Among her most influential discoveries are the confirmation of the structure of penicillin as previously surmised by Edward Abraham and Ernst Boris Chain; and the structure of vitamin B12, for which in 1964 she became the third woman to win the Nobel Prize in Chemistry."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours and awards | Living",
"text": "Hodgkin won the 1964 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, and is the only British woman scientist to have been awarded a Nobel Prize in any of the three sciences it recognises."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The National Archives of the United Kingdom refer to her as \"Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She was further encouraged by the chemist A.K. Joseph, a family friend who also worked in Sudan."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Pseudonyms",
"text": "By then she had been married for 12 years, given birth to three children and been elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS).Thereafter she would publish as \"Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin\", and this was the name used by the Nobel Foundation in its award to her and the biography it included among other Nobel Prize recipients; it is also what the Science History Institute calls her."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Political views and activities",
"text": "Hodgkin was in Ghana with her husband when they received the news that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and discoveries | Vitamin B12 structure",
"text": "The final structure of B12, for which Hodgkin was later awarded the Nobel Prize, was published in 1955."
},
{
"section_header": "Higher education",
"text": "She graduated in 1932 with a first-class honours degree, the third woman at this institution to achieve this distinction."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Pseudonyms",
"text": ", she is \"Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin\"."
}
] |
Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin was a British chemist advancing the x-ray technique to further her research and became the third woman to win the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
| 0 | 0 |
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles Sumner (January 6, 1811 – March 11, 1874) was an American politician and United States Senator from Massachusetts."
}
] |
AlzM0RkX2LHu36KEkI3X
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He fell into a dispute with President Ulysses Grant, a fellow Republican, over the control of Santo Domingo leading to the stripping of his power in the Senate and his subsequent effort to defeat Grant's re-election."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After leading Senators to defeat President Ulysses S. Grant's Santo Domingo Treaty in 1870, Sumner broke with Grant and denounced him in such terms that reconciliation was impossible."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles Sumner (January 6, 1811 – March 11, 1874) was an American politician and United States Senator from Massachusetts."
},
{
"section_header": "Senate service | Dominican Republic annexation treaty",
"text": "In 1869, President Grant, in an expansionist plan, looked into the annexation of a Caribbean island country, the Dominican Republic, then known as Santo Domingo."
},
{
"section_header": "Senate service | Dominican Republic annexation treaty",
"text": "In December 1870, still fearful that Grant meant to acquire Santo Domingo somehow, Sumner gave a fiercely critical speech accusing the president of usurpation and Babcock of unethical conduct."
},
{
"section_header": "Senate service | Reconstruction and Civil rights",
"text": "The Reconstruction Era of the United States after the American Civil War was in the nineteenth and early twentieth century usually viewed as an era of Southern exploitation and corruption by Northern politicians and harsh federal policies, led by the Radical Republicans."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1871, President Grant and his Secretary of State Hamilton Fish retaliated; through Grant's supporters in the Senate, Sumner was deposed as head of the Foreign Relations Committee."
},
{
"section_header": "Senate service | Dominican Republic annexation treaty",
"text": "Although Sumner stated he was an \"Administration man,\" in addition to having stopped Grant's Dominican Republic treaty attempt, Sumner had defeated Grant's full repeal of the Tenure of Office Act, blocked Grant's nomination of Alexander Stewart as U.S. Secretary of Treasury, and been a constant harassing force pushing Reconstruction policies faster than Grant had been willing to go."
},
{
"section_header": "Senate service | Dominican Republic annexation treaty",
"text": "Grant believed that the mineral resources on the island would be valuable to the United States, and that African Americans repressed in the South would have a safe haven to which to migrate."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sumner bitterly opposed Grant's re-election by supporting the Liberal Republican candidate Horace Greeley in 1872 and lost his power inside the Republican Party."
}
] |
Charles Sumner was an American politician and United States Senator that fell into a dispute with President Ulysses Grant, a fellow Republican, over the control of Santo Domingo leading to the stripping of his power in the Senate and his subsequent effort to defeat Grant's re-election
| 0 | 0 |
Charles Sumner
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The origin of the name Polanie itself derives from the Proto-Slavic word pole (field)."
}
] |
Am7p7MKOKx9yLLYVyebI
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Economy | Transport",
"text": "Transport in Poland is provided by means of rail, road, marine shipping and air travel."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Transport",
"text": "The Port of Gdańsk is the only port in the Baltic Sea adapted to receive oceanic vessels."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "Their name derives from the Old Polish word lęda (open land or plain)."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The origin of the name Polanie itself derives from the Proto-Slavic word pole (field)."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Music",
"text": "Wojciech Bogusławski is accredited with composing the first Polish national opera, titled Krakowiacy i Górale, which premiered in 1794."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Cinema",
"text": "In 2019, Pawlikowski received an Academy Award for Best Director nomination for his historical drama Cold War."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Fashion and design",
"text": "French dresses inspired by Polish attire were called à la polonaise, meaning \"Polish-styled\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Era of insurrections",
"text": "Meanwhile, the Prussian controlled territory of Poland came under increased Germanization."
},
{
"section_header": "History | World War II",
"text": "Nazi German forces under orders from Adolf Hitler set up six German extermination camps in occupied Poland, including Treblinka, Majdanek and Auschwitz."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics",
"text": "With the exception of ethnic minority parties, only candidates of political parties receiving at least 5% of the total national vote can enter the Sejm."
}
] |
Poland received its title from a German word, meaning "lush land."
| 0 | 0 |
Poland
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Title of the play",
"text": "A play called \"The Winter's Tale\" would immediately indicate to contemporary audiences that the work would present an \"idle tale\", an old wives' tale not intended to be realistic and offering the promise of a happy ending."
}
] |
AmKgaknjGDU3ynezRec4
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Title of the play",
"text": "However, early in The Winter's Tale, the royal heir, Mamillius, warns that \"a sad tale's best for winter\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Debates | The seacoast of Bohemia",
"text": "On the other hand, the play alludes to Hellenistic antiquity (e.g. the Oracle of Delphos, the names of the kings), so that the \"Kingdom of Sicily\" may refer to Greek Sicily, not to the Kingdom of Sicily of later medieval times."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Mamillius lingers to the end, being an element of unredeemed tragedy, in addition to the years wasted in separation."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "\"Time\" enters and announces the passage of sixteen years."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The ballet is a co-production between The Royal Ballet and National Ballet of Canada, and premiered in Royal Opera House in London in 2014.In 2015, author Jeanette Winterson published the book The Gap of Time, a modern adaptation of The Winter's Tale."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Cleomenes and Dion plead with him to end his time of repentance because the kingdom needs an heir."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Disguised, Polixenes and Camillo watch as Florizel (under the guise of a shepherd named Doricles) and Perdita are betrothed."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Debates | The seacoast of Bohemia",
"text": "At the time of the medieval Kingdom of Sicily, however, Bithynia was long extinct and its territories were controlled by the Byzantine Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Debates | The seacoast of Bohemia",
"text": "In 1891, Edmund Oscar von Lippmann pointed out that \"Bohemia\" was also a rare name for Apulia in southern Italy."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Antigonus, meanwhile, abandons the baby on the coast of Bohemia, reporting that Hermione appeared to him in a dream and bade him name the girl Perdita."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Title of the play",
"text": "A play called \"The Winter's Tale\" would immediately indicate to contemporary audiences that the work would present an \"idle tale\", an old wives' tale not intended to be realistic and offering the promise of a happy ending."
}
] |
The Winter's Tale's name signaled to people of the time that they were about see a tragedy.
| 3 | 5 |
The Winter's Tale
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | Experiences during World War II (1939–1945)",
"text": "After the Germans invaded the Netherlands in 1940, Hepburn used the name Edda van Heemstra, because an \"English-sounding\" name was considered dangerous during the German occupation."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Experiences during World War II (1939–1945)",
"text": "Her family was profoundly affected by the occupation, with Hepburn later stating that \"had we known that we were going to be occupied for five years, we might have all shot ourselves."
}
] |
Amg9EcM6y6ahu7PDn4bh
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | Experiences during World War II (1939–1945)",
"text": "After Britain declared war on Germany in September 1939, Hepburn's mother moved her daughter back to Arnhem in the hope that, as during the First World War, the Netherlands would remain neutral and be spared a German attack."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in Ixelles, Brussels, Hepburn spent parts of her childhood in Belgium, England, and the Netherlands."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Experiences during World War II (1939–1945)",
"text": "After the Germans invaded the Netherlands in 1940, Hepburn used the name Edda van Heemstra, because an \"English-sounding\" name was considered dangerous during the German occupation."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Experiences during World War II (1939–1945)",
"text": "Hepburn's half-brother Ian was deported to Berlin to work in a German labour camp, and her other half-brother Alex went into hiding to avoid the same fate."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Experiences during World War II (1939–1945)",
"text": "Her family was profoundly affected by the occupation, with Hepburn later stating that \"had we known that we were going to be occupied for five years, we might have all shot ourselves."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Experiences during World War II (1939–1945)",
"text": "During the Dutch famine that followed in the winter of 1944, the Germans blocked the resupply routes of the Dutch people's already-limited food and fuel supplies as retaliation for railway strikes that were held to hinder German occupation."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Family and early childhood (1929–1938)",
"text": "Hepburn's early childhood was sheltered and privileged."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Experiences during World War II (1939–1945)",
"text": "Like others, Hepburn's family resorted to making flour out of tulip bulbs to bake cakes and biscuits; she developed acute anaemia, respiratory problems and oedema as a result of malnutrition."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Family and early childhood (1929–1938)",
"text": "After three years spent travelling between Brussels, Arnhem, The Hague and London, the family settled in the suburban Brussels municipality of Linkebeek in 1932."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Hepburn's image is widely used in advertising campaigns across the world."
}
] |
Part of Audrey Hepburn's childhood was spent in the Netherlands when it was occupied by the Germans in World War II.
| 0 | 0 |
Audrey Hepburn
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It has been translated widely."
}
] |
AmlTDUqJmY72pt5JTixg
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Interpretations",
"text": "This \"catcher in the rye\" is an analogy for Holden, who admires in children"
},
{
"section_header": "Attempted adaptations | In film",
"text": "I never saw him. That was J.D. Salinger and that was Catcher in the Rye."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Bill Gates said that The Catcher in the Rye is one of his favorite books."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Various older stories by Salinger contain characters similar to those in The Catcher in the Rye."
},
{
"section_header": "Attempted adaptations | In film",
"text": "The enduring success of The Catcher in the Rye, however, has resulted in repeated attempts to secure the novel's screen rights."
},
{
"section_header": "Attempted adaptations | In film",
"text": "A letter written by Salinger in 1957 revealed that he was open to an adaptation of The Catcher in the Rye released after his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Censorship and use in schools",
"text": "Between 1961 and 1982, The Catcher in the Rye was the most censored book in high schools and libraries in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Censorship and use in schools",
"text": "According to the American Library Association, The Catcher in the Rye was the 10th most frequently challenged book from 1990 to 1999."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel was included on Time Magazine's 2005 list of the 100 best English-language novels written since 1923, and it was named by Modern Library and its readers as one of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Catcher in the Rye is a novel by J. D. Salinger, partially published in serial form in 1945–1946 and as a novel in 1951."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It has been translated widely."
}
] |
The Catcher in the Rye is only available in English.
| 0 | 0 |
The Catcher in the Rye
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film stars Heath Ledger, Jake Gyllenhaal, Anne Hathaway, and Michelle Williams and depicts the complex emotional and sexual relationship between Ennis Del Mar and Jack Twist in the American West from 1963 to 1983.Lee became attached to the project after a series of attempts to adapt the short story into a film by various directors never materialized."
}
] |
AmnyMNyb2yZAnfqrPWjr
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was also commercially successful, grossing $178 million worldwide against its $14 million budget, withstanding issues regarding distribution in a number of countries."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film stars Heath Ledger, Jake Gyllenhaal, Anne Hathaway, and Michelle Williams and depicts the complex emotional and sexual relationship between Ennis Del Mar and Jack Twist in the American West from 1963 to 1983.Lee became attached to the project after a series of attempts to adapt the short story into a film by various directors never materialized."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Brokeback Mountain cost about US$14 million to produce, excluding its reported advertising budget of $5 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Quaid lawsuit",
"text": "The film had grossed more than $160 million as of the date of his lawsuit, which sought $10 million plus punitive damages."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "The casting of Heath Ledger and Jake Gyllenhaal was announced in 2003."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Post-Academy Awards debate",
"text": "Brokeback Mountain ranks 13th among the highest-grossing romance films of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "International distribution",
"text": "like they don't want homosexual movie shown in the movies, it's hard to put American logic... It's just something else."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The site's critical consensus reads, \"A beautifully epic Western, Brokeback Mountain's gay love story is imbued with heartbreaking universality, helped by the moving performances of Heath Ledger and Jake Gyllenhaal."
},
{
"section_header": "Accolades | Nominated",
"text": "Theatrical Motion Picture (Diana Ossana and James Schamus) Time: TIME 100: The People Who Shape Our World (2006) (Ang Lee) Writers Guild of America Awards: Best Adapted Screenplay (Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana) National Gay Pride Association: Best Motion Picture (2006) (Diana Ossana and James Schamus) Australian Film Institute: Best International Actor (Heath Ledger) 78th Academy Awards: Theatrical Motion Picture (Diana Ossana and James Schamus) Time: TIME 100: The People Who Shape Our World (2006) (Ang Lee) Writers Guild of America Awards: Best Adapted Screenplay (Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana) National Gay Pride Association: Best Motion Picture (2006) (Diana Ossana and James Schamus) Australian Film Institute: Best International Actor (Heath Ledger) 78th Academy Awards: Best Picture (Focus Features: Diana Ossana and James Schamus), Best Actor in a Leading Role (Heath Ledger), Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Jake Gyllenhaal), Best Actress in a Supporting Role (Michelle Williams), Best Cinematography (Rodrigo Prieto) 59th BAFTA Awards: Best Actor (Heath Ledger), Best Supporting Actress (Michelle Williams), Best Cinematography (Rodrigo Prieto), Best Score (Gustavo Santaolalla), Best Editing (Geraldine Peroni and Dylan Tichenor) Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards 2005: Best Actor (Heath Ledger),"
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | U.S. conservative media",
"text": "After actor Heath Ledger died in January 2008 from a drug overdose, Gibson was widely criticized for mocking the deceased actor hours after the news broke."
}
] |
Brokeback Mountain is an American movie that had Heath Ledger and Anne Williams that grossed $178 million.
| 2 | 4 |
Brokeback Mountain
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During this period, over 100,000 people attempted to escape, and over 5,000 people succeeded in escaping over the Wall, with an estimated death toll ranging from 136 to more than 200 in and around Berlin."
}
] |
An5Svog94EM0LPb6pp8j
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During this period, over 100,000 people attempted to escape, and over 5,000 people succeeded in escaping over the Wall, with an estimated death toll ranging from 136 to more than 200 in and around Berlin."
},
{
"section_header": "Official crossings and usage | Defection attempts",
"text": "During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin."
},
{
"section_header": "Official crossings and usage | Defection attempts",
"text": "In September 1962, 29 people escaped through a tunnel to the west."
},
{
"section_header": "Official crossings and usage | Defection attempts",
"text": "The sewer system predated the Wall, and some people escaped through the sewers, in a number of cases with assistance from the Unternehmen Reisebüro."
},
{
"section_header": "Related media | Music",
"text": "Upon Bowie's death, the Federal Foreign Office paid homage to Bowie on Twitter: see also above \"Over de muur\" (1984), a song by the Dutch pop band Klein Orkest, about the differences between East and West Berlin during the period of the Berlin Wall."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction begins, 1961 | Secondary response",
"text": "Clay had been the Military Governor of the US Zone of Occupation in Germany during the period of the Berlin Blockade and had ordered the first measures in what became the Berlin Airlift."
},
{
"section_header": "Official crossings and usage | Defection attempts",
"text": "Early successful escapes involved people jumping the initial barbed wire or leaping out of apartment windows along the line, but these ended as the Wall was fortified."
},
{
"section_header": "Concerts by Western artists and growing anti-Wall sentiment | David Hasselhoff, 1989",
"text": "During shooting film crew personnel pulled people up from both sides to stand and celebrate on top of the wall."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Over the next few weeks, euphoric people and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the Wall."
},
{
"section_header": "Official crossings and usage | Defection attempts",
"text": "He attempted to swim across the Spree to West Berlin on 24 August 1961, the same day that East German police had received shoot-to-kill orders to prevent anyone from escaping."
}
] |
During the wall period, over 100,000 people attempted to escape.
| 2 | 4 |
Berlin Wall
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Flick was pressed into a starting role in 1898 when an injury forced another player to retire."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Elmer Harrison Flick (January 11, 1876 – January 9, 1971) was an American professional baseball outfielder who played in Major League Baseball from 1898 to 1910 for the Philadelphia Phillies, Philadelphia Athletics, and Cleveland Bronchos/Naps."
}
] |
AnocWBoJ5JmhdnjBnElH
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "Stallings signed Flick to the Phillies to serve as a reserve outfielder for the team in the 1898 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "However, baseball took its toll on Flick."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Elmer Harrison Flick (January 11, 1876 – January 9, 1971) was an American professional baseball outfielder who played in Major League Baseball from 1898 to 1910 for the Philadelphia Phillies, Philadelphia Athletics, and Cleveland Bronchos/Naps."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "The Naps acquired Shoeless Joe Jackson from the Athletics in a trade and had him replace Flick in the lineup."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "During a 1905 game, Cleveland fielders were charged with seven errors in a single inning, but Flick committed only one of the errors."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "He missed the beginning of the 1909 season as well, as a doctor recommended Flick have his appendix removed."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "The Philadelphia Inquirer reported that Flick's father was in the chair business in Cleveland and that he might require Flick's help with the business."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "Though this injunction named Lajoie, Bill Bernhard, and Chick Fraser only, it still applied to Flick as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Minor league baseball",
"text": "Because the team had an established catcher, Flick played in the outfield, where he struggled to learn the position."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "Cleveland personnel initially said that the illness was related to Flick's overeating."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Flick was pressed into a starting role in 1898 when an injury forced another player to retire."
}
] |
Elmer Flick's baseball career took off when he replaced a well know outfielder in 1898 because of a boo boo.
| 0 | 0 |
Elmer Flick
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Translations | Into other languages | German",
"text": "There are at least a dozen published translations of Onegin in German."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations | Into other languages | Italian",
"text": "There are several Italian translations of Onegin."
}
] |
Ao74N116Rii3YUF931jy
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Translations | Into English | Other English translations",
"text": "Tom Beck published a translation in 2004 that also preserved the Onegin stanzas. (ISBN 1-903517-28-1) Wordsworths Classics in 2005 published an English prose translation by Roger Clarke, which sought to retain the lyricism of Pushkin's Russian."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations | Into English | Other English translations",
"text": "In September 2008, Stanley Mitchell, emeritus professor of aesthetics at the University of Derby, published, through Penguin Books, a complete translation, again preserving the Onegin stanzas in English. (ISBN 978-0-140-44810-8) There are a number of lesser known English translations, at least 45 through 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations | Into English | Other English translations",
"text": "James E. Falen (the professor of Russian at the University of Tennessee) published a translation in 1995 which was also influenced by Nabokov's translation, but preserved the Onegin stanzas (ISBN 0809316307)."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations | Into English | Other English translations",
"text": "This translation is considered to be the most faithful to Pushkin's spirit according to Russian critics and translators."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations | Into English | Arndt and Nabokov",
"text": "Nabokov reproduces the poem both so that the reader of his translation would have some experience of this unique form, and also to act as a further defence of his decision to write his translation in prose."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations | Into English | Other English translations",
"text": "The Pushkin Press published a translation in 1937 (reprinted 1943) by the Oxford scholar Oliver Elton, with illustrations by M. V. Dobujinsky."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations | Into English | Arndt and Nabokov",
"text": "Some consider this \"Nabokovian vocabulary\" a failing, since it might require even educated speakers of English to reach for the dictionary on occasion."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations | Into English | Other English translations",
"text": "Babette Deutsch published a translation in 1935 that preserved the Onegin stanzas."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations | Into English | Other English translations",
"text": "In 1977, Charles Johnston published another translation trying to preserve the Onegin stanza, which is generally considered to surpass Arndt's."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations | Into English | Other English translations",
"text": "Douglas Hofstadter published a translation in 1999, again preserving the Onegin stanzas, after having summarised the controversy (and severely criticised Nabokov's attitude towards verse translation) in his book Le Ton beau de Marot."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations | Into other languages | German",
"text": "There are at least a dozen published translations of Onegin in German."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations | Into other languages | Italian",
"text": "There are several Italian translations of Onegin."
}
] |
Onegin was only translated into English because Pushkin thought if readers did not know Russian they knew English.
| 2 | 4 |
Eugene Onegin
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He graduated from Valley High School in Lucasville, Ohio, in 1899, and he was a catcher on the baseball team at Ohio Wesleyan University, where he obtained his B.A. Rickey"
}
] |
AoG9oUKd2gjWa1WWTXni
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Return to college",
"text": "Bartelme recalled, \"Day after day those letters came in.\" Bartelme was reportedly impressed with Rickey's passion for baseball and his idealism about the proper role of athletics on a college campus."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "\"Now I'm going to tell you a story from the Bible about spiritual courage,\" he said."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and legacy",
"text": "The Branch Rickey Arena at Ohio Wesleyan University is also named in his honor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After struggling as a player, Rickey returned to college, where he learned about administration from Philip Bartelme."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Return to college",
"text": "Rickey attended the University of Michigan, where he received his LL.B.While at Michigan, Rickey applied for the job as Michigan's baseball coach."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Return to college",
"text": "Bartelme and Rickey worked together for most of the next 35 years, and in 1944 a California newspaper noted: \"He and Rickey have had a close association in baseball ever since Bartelme was head of the athletic department of the University of Michigan where Rickey took to baseball just as a means to build up his failing health.\" During his four years as head baseball coach from 1910 - 1913"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Return to college",
"text": "\" The hiring also marked the beginning of a lifelong friendship and business relationship between Rickey and Bartelme."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Branch Rickey was interred at Rush Township Burial Park in Rushtown, Ohio, near where his parents, his widow Jane (who died in 1971), and three of his children (including Branch Rickey Jr., who died from complications of diabetes at age 47 in 1961) also rest."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Return to college",
"text": "Rickey asked every alumnus he had ever met to write letters to Philip Bartelme, the school's athletic director, on his behalf."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Return to college",
"text": "Bartelme convinced the dean of the law school that Rickey could handle his law studies while serving as the school's baseball coach."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He graduated from Valley High School in Lucasville, Ohio, in 1899, and he was a catcher on the baseball team at Ohio Wesleyan University, where he obtained his B.A. Rickey"
}
] |
Branch Rickey did not go to college.
| 0 | 4 |
Branch Rickey
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry Hudson (c. 1565 – disappeared 23 June 1611) was an English sea explorer and navigator during the early 17th century, best known for his explorations of present-day Canada and parts of the northeastern United States."
}
] |
AonY6ZpTMRpVoolyKjH8
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Hudson River in New York and New Jersey is named after him, as are Hudson County, New Jersey, the Henry Hudson Bridge, the Henry Hudson Parkway, and the town of Hudson, New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Some sources have identified Henry Hudson as having been born in about 1565, but others date his birth to around 1570."
},
{
"section_header": "Exploration | Expedition of 1610–1611 | Mutiny",
"text": "According to Pricket, the leaders of the mutiny were Henry Greene and Robert Juet."
},
{
"section_header": "Exploration | Expedition of 1609",
"text": "Here they encountered First Nations who were accustomed to trading with the French; they were willing to trade beaver pelts, but apparently no trades occurred."
},
{
"section_header": "Exploration | Expedition of 1610–1611 | Pricket's reliability",
"text": "One theory holds that the survivors were considered too valuable as sources of information to execute, as they had travelled to the New World and could describe sailing routes and conditions."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry Hudson (c. 1565 – disappeared 23 June 1611) was an English sea explorer and navigator during the early 17th century, best known for his explorations of present-day Canada and parts of the northeastern United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Exploration | Expeditions of 1607 and 1608",
"text": "This claim is contentious- others have pointed to strong evidence that it was Jonas Poole's reports in 1610, that led to the establishment of English whaling, and voyages of Nicholas Woodcock and Willem Cornelisz van Muyden in 1612, which led to the establishment of Dutch, French and Spanish whaling."
},
{
"section_header": "Exploration | Expeditions of 1607 and 1608",
"text": "Leaving London on 22 April, the ship travelled almost 2,500 mi (4,000 km), making it to Novaya Zemlya well above the Arctic Circle in July, but even in the summer they found the ice impenetrable and turned back, arriving at Gravesend on 26 August."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Along with Hudson Bay, many other topographical features and landmarks are named for Hudson."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On his final expedition, while still searching for the Northwest Passage, Hudson became the first European to see Hudson Strait and the immense Hudson Bay."
}
] |
Henry Hudson is a French traveler.
| 0 | 4 |
Henry Hudson
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After his beginnings as a struggling actor for a number of years upon arriving to New York City in 1969 and later Hollywood in 1974, he won his first critical acclaim as an actor for his co-starring role as Stanley Rosiello in The Lords of Flatbush."
}
] |
AozQPzxwB5tD9Hhtbomo
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sylvester Enzio Stallone (; born Michael Sylvester Gardenzio Stallone, July 6, 1946) is an American actor, director, screenwriter, producer and artist."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | Return to success: 2006–present",
"text": "Asked in February 2008 which of the icons (Rocky or Rambo) he would rather be remembered for, Stallone said \"it's a tough one, but Rocky is my first baby, so Rocky.\" He also stated that Rocky could be interpreted as the \"conscious\" and Rambo as the \"unconscious\" of the same character."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | Return to success: 2006–present",
"text": "Stallone's fourth installment of his other successful movie franchise was titled simply Rambo (John Rambo in some countries where the first movie was titled Rambo)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Stallone's film Rocky was inducted into the National Film Registry, and had its props placed in the Smithsonian Museum."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | Early roles to breakthrough: 1969–1976",
"text": "the very end – of my rope\". The film was released several years later as Italian Stallion, in order to cash in on Stallone's newfound fame (the new title was taken from Stallone's nickname since Rocky)."
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack contributions",
"text": "The song was first performed by his younger brother, Frank, who had a small role in the original Rocky as a singer at a street corner, and then bit parts in several of the sequels."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Reprising the role during the 2010s brought Stallone praise, and his first Golden Globe award for the first Creed, as well as a third Oscar nomination, having been first nominated for the same role 40 years prior."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Stallone mostly only found gradual work as an extra or side character in films with a sizeable budget until he achieved his greatest critical and commercial success as an actor, starting in 1976 with his self-created role as the boxer Rocky Balboa, in the first film of the successful Rocky series (1976–2018)."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | Subsequent success: 1977–1999",
"text": "In 1979 he wrote, directed and starred in the sequel to his 1976 hit, Rocky II (replacing John G. Avildsen, who won an Academy Award for directing the first film), which also became a major success, grossing US$200 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | Return to success: 2006–present",
"text": "The figure marked the biggest opening weekend in Stallone's career."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After his beginnings as a struggling actor for a number of years upon arriving to New York City in 1969 and later Hollywood in 1974, he won his first critical acclaim as an actor for his co-starring role as Stanley Rosiello in The Lords of Flatbush."
}
] |
Sylvester Stallone's first film was not Rocky.
| 0 | 0 |
Sylvester Stallone
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Insurrection | Federal response | Negotiations",
"text": "In early August 1794, Washington dispatched three commissioners to the west, all of them Pennsylvanians: Attorney General William Bradford, Justice Jasper Yeates of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court, and Senator James Ross."
}
] |
ApueXXUA2RuxPgZJNN8g
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Insurrection | Meeting at Whiskey Point",
"text": "The Parkison's Ferry convention also appointed a committee to meet with the peace commissioners who had been sent west by President Washington."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "New York: Penguin Press, 2004."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "New York: Scribner, 2006. ISBN 0"
},
{
"section_header": "Insurrection | Federal response",
"text": "Washington did both: he sent commissioners to meet with the rebels while raising a militia army."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Whiskey Rebellion demonstrated that the new national government had the will and ability to suppress violent resistance to its laws, though the whiskey excise remained difficult to collect."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Washington himself rode at the head of an army to suppress the insurgency, with 13,000 militiamen provided by the governors of Virginia, Maryland, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania."
},
{
"section_header": "Whiskey tax",
"text": "A new U.S. federal government began operating in 1789, following the ratification of the United States Constitution."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Rebellion raised the question of what kinds of protests were permissible under the new Constitution."
},
{
"section_header": "Insurrection | Federal response | Militia expedition",
"text": "Revolutionary war and Siege of Yorktown veteran, Colonel Jonathan Forman (1755–1809) led the Third Infantry Regiment of New Jersey troops against the Whiskey Rebellion and wrote about his encounter with Washington: October 3d Marched early in the morning for Harrisburgh [sic], where we arrived about 12 O'clock."
},
{
"section_header": "Insurrection | Federal response | Negotiations",
"text": "Beginning on August 21, the commissioners met with a committee of westerners that included Brackenridge and Gallatin."
},
{
"section_header": "Insurrection | Federal response | Negotiations",
"text": "In early August 1794, Washington dispatched three commissioners to the west, all of them Pennsylvanians: Attorney General William Bradford, Justice Jasper Yeates of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court, and Senator James Ross."
}
] |
The government commissioners President Washington sent to meet with a committee of westerners during the Whiskey Rebellion were from New Jersey, New York, and Massachusetts.
| 0 | 0 |
Whiskey Rebellion
|
Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Etymology, mythology, and culture",
"text": "Altair is the name of three United States navy ships: USS Altair (AD-11), USS Altair (AK-257) and USNS Altair (T-AKR-291)."
}
] |
AqVluEBLZZWOq1mXVutk
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Rotational effects",
"text": "They found a diameter of 3 milliarcseconds."
},
{
"section_header": "Nomenclature",
"text": "The traditional name Altair has been used since medieval times."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology, mythology, and culture",
"text": "Altair is the name of a 1919 poem by Karle Wilson Baker."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology, mythology, and culture",
"text": "The Russian-made Beriev Be-200 Altair seaplane is also named after the star."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology, mythology, and culture",
"text": "Altair is the name of three United States navy ships: USS Altair (AD-11), USS Altair (AK-257) and USNS Altair (T-AKR-291)."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology, mythology, and culture",
"text": "NASA announced Altair as the name of the Lunar Surface Access Module (LSAM) on December 13, 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology, mythology, and culture",
"text": "One of the tankers attacked and damaged in the June 2019 Gulf of Oman incident was named Front Altair."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology, mythology, and culture",
"text": "This name was applied by the Arabs to the asterism of Altair, β Aquilae, and γ Aquilae and probably goes back to the ancient Babylonians and Sumerians, who called Altair \"the eagle star\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology, mythology, and culture",
"text": "However, Altair is better known by its other names: Qiān Niú Xīng (牵牛星) or Niú Láng Xīng (牛郎星), translated as the cowherd star."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology, mythology, and culture",
"text": "The Chevron 136,000-DWT Suezmax oil tanker originally named Condoleezza Rice (1993) was renamed Altair Voyager (2001)."
}
] |
There are 3 British naval vessels bearing the name Altair.
| 0 | 3 |
Altair
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is an international co-production among companies based in the United States, Mexico and France."
}
] |
AqWEyOJHUU9Um3Ad6syG
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Babel has four main strains of actions and characters which are location based."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Morocco",
"text": "The three flee from their house, retrieving the rifle as they go."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is an international co-production among companies based in the United States, Mexico and France."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Morocco",
"text": "Doubtful of the rifle's purported three-kilometer range, they decide to test it out, aiming first at rocks, a moving car on a highway below, and then at a bus carrying Western tourists."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical response",
"text": "Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an approval rating of 69% based on 199 reviews, with an average rating of 6.73/10, making the film a \"Fresh\" on the website's rating system."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Babel as a Network Narrative",
"text": "It is noticeable that Babel has multiple protagonists who, as a consequence, make the plot more complex in relation to time and causality."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Babel as a Network Narrative",
"text": "Babel can be analyzed as a network narrative in which its characters, scattered across the globe, represent different nodes of a network that is connected by various strands."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical response",
"text": "\" At Metacritic, the film received a weighted average score of 69/100, based on 38 reviews, which indicates \"Generally favorable reviews\".Film critic Roger Ebert included Babel in his The Great Movies list, stating that the film \"finds Inarritu in full command of his technique: The writing and editing moves between the stories with full logical and emotional clarity, and the film builds to a stunning impact because it does not hammer us with heroes and villains but asks us to empathize with all of its characters."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical response",
"text": "Babel received generally positive reviews."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical response",
"text": "The critical consensus states that \"In Babel, there are no villains, only victims of fate and circumstance."
}
] |
Babel was based in three counties.
| 0 | 0 |
Babel (film)
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His attempts to force the Church of Scotland to adopt high Anglican practices led to the Bishops' Wars, strengthened the position of the English and Scottish parliaments, and helped precipitate his own downfall."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles was tried, convicted, and executed for high treason in January 1649."
}
] |
AqrM2Q0oHasL3dhjZj20
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "However, in early November 1612, Henry died at the age of 18 of what is suspected to have been typhoid (or possibly porphyria)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles I (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649) was King of England, King of Scotland, and King of Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649."
},
{
"section_header": "Issue",
"text": "Charles had nine children, two of whom eventually succeeded as king, and two of whom died at or shortly after birth."
},
{
"section_header": "Long Parliament | Irish rebellion",
"text": "The English Parliament distrusted Charles's motivations when he called for funds to put down the Irish rebellion; many members of the Commons suspected that forces raised by Charles might later be used against Parliament itself."
},
{
"section_header": "Long Parliament | Five members",
"text": "Charles suspected, probably correctly, that some members of the English Parliament had colluded with the invading Scots."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles was tried, convicted, and executed for high treason in January 1649."
},
{
"section_header": "Trial",
"text": "\" An estimated 300,000 people, or 6% of the population, died during the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Execution",
"text": "Charles's beheading was scheduled for Tuesday, 30 January 1649."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Assessments",
"text": "In recent decades, most historians have criticised him, the main exception being Kevin Sharpe who offered a more sympathetic view of Charles that has not been widely adopted."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign",
"text": "Anti-Calvinists—known as Arminians—believed that human beings could influence their own fate through the exercise of free will."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His attempts to force the Church of Scotland to adopt high Anglican practices led to the Bishops' Wars, strengthened the position of the English and Scottish parliaments, and helped precipitate his own downfall."
}
] |
King Charles I died of what many suspected to be typhoid in 1649.
| 2 | 6 |
Charles I of England
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Pornographic career",
"text": "Before working in the porn industry, she worked at a German bakery, a Jiffy Lube, and later a tax and retirement firm."
}
] |
Aqy5o9WvCzalMJhS1xLv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "\"Never in my life did I think that I want to adopt a child."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Sunny Leone had dated Indian-Canadian stand-up comedian Russell Peters up until they broke up in 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Pornographic career",
"text": "No longer exclusive to Vivid, Leone began working with other studios and performers since 2009."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "She mentioned in an interview at the start of 2011 that she was married to Daniel Weber."
},
{
"section_header": "Indian film career | Upcoming projects",
"text": "In January 2018, Leone started filming for the Hindi remake of 2012 Punjabi film Jatt & Juliet opposite Manish Paul."
},
{
"section_header": "Pornographic career",
"text": "Before working in the porn industry, she worked at a German bakery, a Jiffy Lube, and later a tax and retirement firm."
},
{
"section_header": "Indian film career | Bigg Boss and Entry in Bollywood (2011–13)",
"text": "She further started filming for Kaizad Gustad's Jackpot in which she plays a femme fatale."
},
{
"section_header": "Mainstream appearances prior to 2011",
"text": "Director Mohit Suri reportedly asked Leone to play the lead role in his film Kalyug, but instead cast Deepal Shaw as he could not afford Leone's $1 million acting fee."
},
{
"section_header": "Indian film career | Upcoming projects",
"text": "The series starts from her childhood as Gogu to her foray into the adult film industry to her exciting journey into Bollywood."
},
{
"section_header": "Indian film career | Ragini MMS 2 and further success (2014–present)",
"text": "Leone's performance received all round praise with critic Mohar Basu calling her work a \"revelation\"."
}
] |
Leone never worked until she started acting.
| 1 | 2 |
Sunny Leone
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The series, which ran from 2005 to 2014, follows the main character, Ted Mosby, and his group of friends in New York City's Manhattan."
}
] |
Are0AoPJZqrY3h4NvX86
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The series, which ran from 2005 to 2014, follows the main character, Ted Mosby, and his group of friends in New York City's Manhattan."
},
{
"section_header": "Tie-ins | Russian adaptation",
"text": "The GoodStoryMedia, a Russian production company, made a remake of the series which was broadcast on STS and ran for two seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Season synopsis | Season 8",
"text": "Ted visits Robin on the day of her wedding to Barney, causing him to remember how he and Victoria ran away from her wedding to be together."
},
{
"section_header": "Season synopsis | Season 1",
"text": "The series begins in September 2005 with Ted (Josh Radnor) as a single, 27-year-old architect living with his two best friends from his college years: Marshall Eriksen (Jason Segel), a law student, and Lily Aldrin (Alyson Hannigan), a kindergarten teacher and an aspiring artist."
},
{
"section_header": "Premise",
"text": "The story goes into a flashback and starts in 2005 with the 27-year-old Ted Mosby living in New York City and working as an architect."
},
{
"section_header": "Tie-ins | Proposed spin-offs | How I Met Your Father",
"text": "On December 14, 2016, it was reported that Isaac Aptaker and Elizabeth Berger were set to write a new version of the previous spin-off's pilot, re-titled How I Met Your Father, with Bays and Thomas serving as executive producers."
},
{
"section_header": "Tie-ins | Proposed spin-offs | How I Met Your Dad",
"text": "The new series would possibly have featured a new bar and would not have tied into the original series."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast and characters",
"text": "He marries Robin in the penultimate episode of the series but they divorce after three years in the two-part series finale."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast and characters",
"text": "She and Barney get engaged and later marry in the penultimate episode of the series, but divorce in the first part of the series finale, three years later."
},
{
"section_header": "Tie-ins | Proposed spin-offs | How I Met Your Dad",
"text": "Talks of the series being \"shopped\" to other networks emerged."
}
] |
The series ran from 2005 to 2016.
| 1 | 3 |
How I Met Your Mother
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Construction | Resumption",
"text": "The bottom third of the monument is a slightly lighter shade than the rest of the construction because the marble was obtained from different quarries."
}
] |
AsAPBM7oafAKXWObb8kN
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Later history | 2011 earthquake damage",
"text": "A National Park Service spokesperson reported that inspectors discovered a crack near the top of the structure, and announced that the monument would be closed indefinitely."
},
{
"section_header": "Components | Aluminum apex",
"text": "No colors appear on the actual apex."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction | Excavation and initial construction",
"text": "On Independence Day, July 4, 1848, the Freemasons, the same organization to which Washington belonged, laid the cornerstone (symbolically, not physically)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Later history | 2011 earthquake damage",
"text": ", the inspection found several corner cracks and surface spalls (pieces of stone broken loose) at or near the top of the monument, and more loss of joint mortar lower down the monument."
},
{
"section_header": "Components | Aluminum apex",
"text": "Before the installation it was put on public display at Tiffany's in New York City and stepped over by visitors who could say they had \"stepped over the top of the Washington Monument\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Design",
"text": "The top of the portico of the building would feature Washington standing in a chariot holding the reins of six horses."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Dedication",
"text": "Over 800 people were present on the monument grounds to hear speeches during a frigid day by"
},
{
"section_header": "Components | Aluminum apex",
"text": "It has a large hole in the center of its base to receive a threaded 1.5-inch (3.8 cm) diameter copper rod which attaches it to the monument and used to form part of the lightning protection system."
},
{
"section_header": "Components | Pyramidion",
"text": "In 1958, eight 14-inch (36 cm) diameter holes for new red aircraft warning lights were bored, one above each window near the top edge of the fourth course of slabs (516-foot level) in the pyramidion."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Two aluminum lightning rods connected via the elevator support columns to ground water protect the monument."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction | Resumption",
"text": "The bottom third of the monument is a slightly lighter shade than the rest of the construction because the marble was obtained from different quarries."
}
] |
The top of the Washington Monument is not the same color as the part near the ground.
| 0 | 1 |
Washington Monument
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Her fifth album Janet (1993) saw her develop a public image as a sex symbol as she began to explore sexuality in her music."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Music and voice",
"text": "\"On Janet, Jackson began focusing on sexual themes."
}
] |
AsP2FaE5FrIPAgBWf9pM
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Janet Damita Jo Jackson (born May 16, 1966) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and dancer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Her fifth album Janet (1993) saw her develop a public image as a sex symbol as she began to explore sexuality in her music."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2004–2005: Super Bowl XXXVIII controversy and Damita Jo",
"text": "The controversy halted plans for Jackson to star in the biographical film of singer and activist Lena Horne, which was to be produced by American Broadcasting Company."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Music and voice",
"text": "\"On Janet, Jackson began focusing on sexual themes."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1993–1996: Janet, Poetic Justice, and Design of a Decade",
"text": "And when she announces her sexual maturity, as she does on her new album, Janet., it's a cultural moment."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1997–1999: The Velvet Rope",
"text": "The album is primarily centered on the idea that everyone has an intrinsic need to belong."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "remember that Britney, Ciara and Beyoncé live in the house that Janet built.\" At age 18, Janet Jackson eloped with singer James DeBarge in September 1984."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1966–1985: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "Despite this, she was anticipated to pursue a career in entertainment and considered the idea after recording herself in the studio."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Music and voice",
"text": "\"The song \"Free Xone\" from The Velvet Rope, which portrays same-sex relationships in a positive light, is described by sociologist Shayne Lee as \"a rare incident in which a popular black vocalist explores romantic or sensual energy outside the contours of heteronormativity, making it a significant song in black sexual politics.\" During promotion for Janet, she stated \"I love feeling deeply sexual—and don't mind letting the world know."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Music and voice",
"text": "She is considered a trendsetter in pop balladry, with Richard Rischar stating \"the black pop ballad of the mid-1980s had been dominated by the vocal and production style that was smooth and polished, led by singers Whitney Houston, Janet Jackson, and James Ingram."
}
] |
American singer Janet Jackson explored sexual ideas.
| 0 | 0 |
Janet Jackson
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "James J. Corbett and John L. Sullivan, among the best fighters of the era, both considered Chance \"the greatest amateur brawler of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "During the baseball offseasons, Chance worked as a prizefighter."
}
] |
AsY7KcGA0r4DwbdWSeCQ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Returning to college the next year, Chance led his team to a third-place finish in an amateur tournament of 50 teams."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "James J. Corbett and John L. Sullivan, among the best fighters of the era, both considered Chance \"the greatest amateur brawler of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | New York Yankees",
"text": "He also played first base for the Yankees and served as field captain, though he played in no more than 12 games in a season."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Chicago Cubs",
"text": "He played irregularly through the 1902 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "Joe DiMaggio played in the first-ever game at Frank Chance Field."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Chicago Cubs",
"text": "Chance continued to transition himself out of the Cubs' lineup in 1911, as he played in only 31 games."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Career summary | Overview",
"text": "His playing time decreased towards the end of the decade."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Career summary | Overview",
"text": "Chance was part of the trio of infielders remembered for their double-play ability, with Joe Tinker and Johnny Evers."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "While playing baseball for the school's baseball team, he received an offer to play semi-professional baseball for a team in Sullivan, Illinois, for $40 a month ($1,229 in current dollar terms), which he accepted."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Chicago Cubs",
"text": "Due in part to finger injuries suffered while catching, Chance played in no more than 75 games in a season through 1902."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "During the baseball offseasons, Chance worked as a prizefighter."
}
] |
When Chance wasn't playing baseball, he competed in amateur fights.
| 1 | 3 |
Frank Chance
|
Technology
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "LG Electronics Inc. (Korean: LG 전자; RR: LG Jeonja) is a South Korean multinational electronics company headquartered in Yeouido-dong, Seoul, South Korea."
}
] |
Asgkd6t4q0detMdihCH6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "United States headquarters",
"text": "LG Electronics USA had proposed to build a new headquarters in the borough of Englewood Cliffs in Bergen County, New Jersey, including a 143 ft (44 m) tall building that would stand taller than the tree line of the Hudson Palisades, a US National Natural Landmark."
},
{
"section_header": "United States headquarters",
"text": "LG broke ground on the new US$300 million Englewood Cliffs headquarters on 7 February 2017, to be completed in late 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "LG Electronics Inc. (Korean: LG 전자; RR: LG Jeonja) is a South Korean multinational electronics company headquartered in Yeouido-dong, Seoul, South Korea."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2000s–present",
"text": "At the end of 2016, LG Electronics merged its German branch (situated in Ratingen) and European headquarter (situated in London) together in Eschborn, a suburb of Frankfurt am Main."
},
{
"section_header": "United States headquarters",
"text": "The initial court decision upholding the local government approval was overturned by a New Jersey appellate court in 2015 and LG subsequently submitted a revised, scaled-down, 64-foot building for approval by the borough of Englewood Cliffs in 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "United States headquarters",
"text": "The company proposed to build an environmentally friendly facility in Englewood Cliffs, incidental to Bergen County's per-capita leading Korean American population, having received an initially favorable legal decision concerning building height issues."
},
{
"section_header": "United States headquarters",
"text": "The plan, while approved by the local government, met with resistance from the segments of the general public as well as government officials in New Jersey and adjacent New York."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2000s–present",
"text": "In order to create a holding company, the former LG Electronics was split off in 2002, with the \"new\" LG Electronics being spun off and the \"old\" LG Electronics changing its name to LG EI."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1958–1960s",
"text": "In 1958, LG Electronics was founded as GoldStar (Hangul:금성)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2000s–present",
"text": "In 2010, LG Electronics entered the smartphone industry."
}
] |
LG Electronics is headquartered in China.
| 4 | 5 |
LG Electronics
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Second Opium War",
"text": "The war resulted in the Treaty of Tientsin (26 June 1858), which forced the Chinese to pay reparations for the expenses of the recent war, open a second group of ten ports to European commerce, legalize the opium trade, and grant foreign traders and missionaries rights to travel within China."
}
] |
AslGCXJiRqqZA5WnpLMu
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Second Opium War",
"text": "Britain now sought greater concessions from China, including the legalization of the opium trade, expansion of the trade in coolies (cheap labourers), opening all of China to British merchants and opium traffickers, and to exempt foreign imports from internal transit duties."
},
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "According to United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, the East India Company sent the opium to their warehouses in the free-trade region of Canton (Guangzhou), from where Chinese smugglers would take the opium farther into China."
},
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "Some Americans entered the trade by smuggling opium from Turkey into China."
},
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "The shutdown and effective blockade of the factories was ended after Charles Elliot purchased all opium held by the factories on credit from the British Government, despite the fact that Elliot had no authority to make such a purchase."
},
{
"section_header": "Second Opium War",
"text": "The war resulted in the Treaty of Tientsin (26 June 1858), which forced the Chinese to pay reparations for the expenses of the recent war, open a second group of ten ports to European commerce, legalize the opium trade, and grant foreign traders and missionaries rights to travel within China."
},
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "By 1833, the number of chests of opium trafficked into China soared to 30,000."
},
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "It sold this Indian opium to private traders who transported it to China and sold it to Chinese smugglers."
},
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "By 1787, the Company was sending 4,000 chests of opium (each weighing 77 kg) to China a year."
},
{
"section_header": "Second Opium War",
"text": "In 1853 the Taiping Rebellion established its capital at Nanking and threatened northern China."
},
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "In the eighteenth century, China enjoyed a favorable trade balance with Europe, selling porcelains, silk, and tea in exchange for silver."
}
] |
At the end of the last Opium War, the drug was legal, and international merchants and religious promoters were free to enter China.
| 0 | 0 |
Opium Wars
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "Gaius Julius Caesar was born into a patrician family, the gens Julia, which claimed descent from Julus, son of the legendary Trojan prince Aeneas, supposedly the son of the goddess Venus."
}
] |
AtrylQ7TT8HBBLnHl17B
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Name and family | The name Gaius Julius Caesar",
"text": "This means that for almost two thousand years after Julius Caesar's assassination, there was at least one head of state bearing his name."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Name and family | The name Gaius Julius Caesar",
"text": "In Greek, during Caesar's time, his family name was written Καίσαρ (Kaísar), reflecting its contemporary pronunciation."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Name and family | The name Gaius Julius Caesar",
"text": "Using the Latin alphabet of the period, which lacked the letters J and U, Caesar's name would be rendered GAIVS IVLIVS CAESAR; the form CAIVS is also attested, using the older Roman representation of G by C."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Name and family | The name Gaius Julius Caesar",
"text": "In Vulgar Latin, the original diphthong [ae̯] first began to be pronounced as a simple long vowel [ɛː]."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Name and family | The name Gaius Julius Caesar",
"text": "Thus, his name is pronounced in a similar way to the pronunciation of the German Kaiser."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Name and family | The name Gaius Julius Caesar",
"text": "Caesar's cognomen itself became a title; it was promulgated by the Bible, which contains the famous verse \"Render unto Caesar the things which are Caesar's, and unto God the things that are God's\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "Caesar's father, also called Gaius Julius Caesar, governed the province of Asia, and his sister Julia, Caesar's aunt, married Gaius Marius, one of the most prominent figures in the Republic."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Name and family | The name Gaius Julius Caesar",
"text": "Young wealthy Roman boys were often taught by Greek slaves and sometimes sent to Athens for advanced training, as was Caesar's principal assassin, Brutus."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Name and family | Family",
"text": "ParentsFather Gaius Julius Caesar the Elder (proconsul of Asia in 90s BC) Mother Aurelia (one of the Aurelii Cottae)SistersJulia Major"
},
{
"section_header": "Dictatorship and assassination | Assassination",
"text": "The version best known in the English-speaking world is the Latin phrase \"Et tu, Brute?\" (\"And you, Brutus?\", commonly rendered as \"You too, Brutus?\"); best known from Shakespeare's Julius Caesar, where it actually forms the first half of a macaronic line: \"Et tu, Brute?"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "Gaius Julius Caesar was born into a patrician family, the gens Julia, which claimed descent from Julus, son of the legendary Trojan prince Aeneas, supposedly the son of the goddess Venus."
}
] |
Julius Caesar's first name is actually Gaius.
| 2 | 5 |
Julius Caesar
|
Music
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "He was the son of José María Falla, a Valencian, and María Jesús Matheu, from Catalonia (Hess 2001a)."
}
] |
AtzMQScreVZvrMyV0xgv
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Falla was born Manuel María de los Dolores Falla y Matheu in Cádiz."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Argentina",
"text": "Manuel de Falla never married and had no children."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "He was the son of José María Falla, a Valencian, and María Jesús Matheu, from Catalonia (Hess 2001a)."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Madrid",
"text": "That same year he started to use de with his first surname, making Manuel de Falla"
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Granada period",
"text": "From 1921 to 1939 Manuel de Falla lived in Granada, where he organized the Concurso de Cante Jondo in 1922."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Recordings by Falla",
"text": "Manuel de Falla 1876–1946 Manuel de Falla 1876–1946 Grabaciones históricas; Centro de Documentación Musical de Andalucía. (Almaviva, HOM13080) (ref) Rollos de Pianola (Obras de Albéniz, Granados, Turina, Ocón, Chapí, Alonso y Otros) (Almaviva, DS - 0141) ASIN B000GI34D6"
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Granada period",
"text": "Also in Granada, Falla began work on the large-scale orchestral cantata Atlántida (Atlantis), based on the Catalan text L'Atlàntida by Jacint Verdaguer."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Argentina",
"text": "One of the lasting honors to his memory is the Manuel de Falla Chair of Music in the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters at Complutense University of Madrid."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Manuel de Falla y Matheu (Spanish pronunciation: [maˈnwel ðe ˈfaʎa], 23 November 1876 – 14 November 1946) was a Spanish composer and pianist."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours",
"text": "Member of the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando Member of the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de Nuestra Señora de las Angustias."
}
] |
Manuel de Fella was born of Valencian and Catalan people.
| 3 | 8 |
Manuel de Falla
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In the program, Daniel Mouse is a musician whose partner, Jan, sells her soul to the devil in exchange for fame."
}
] |
Aucx1efLHcoH5wAy5xL4
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Treatment of the Indians",
"text": "Webster states \" If two New Hampshiremen aren't a match for the devil, we might as well give the country back to the Indians."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The Devil and Daniel Webster\" is a short story by Stephen Vincent Benét."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Gerald Mayo v. Satan and His Staff, 54 F.R.D. 282 (1971) , Judge Gerald J. Weber cited this story as the sole, though \"unofficial\", precedent touching on the jurisdiction of United States courts over Satan."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "The Monkees, this story was also presented in \"The Devil and Peter Tork\", wherein Peter finds a beautiful harp in a pawn shop run by Mr. Zero and says that he would give anything for it."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Webster's eloquence in swaying this supposedly unswayable jury is remarkable, but would have gone to no effect without the devil's pride-induced mistake in giving Webster a chance."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Screen",
"text": "Phil Reisman, Jr. adapted the story for a live television performance of \"The Devil and Daniel Webster\" on Breck Sunday Showcase (NBC, Feb 14, 1960, 60 min), starring Edward G. Robinson (Daniel Webster), David Wayne (Mr. Scratch), and Tim O'Connor (Jabez Stone)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Benet's story centers on a New Hampshire farmer who sells his soul to the devil and is defended by Daniel Webster, a fictional version of the famous 19th century American statesman, lawyer and orator."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | The devil",
"text": "\" The names Benét gives the devil—Mr. Scratch or the stranger—were both used around New England and other parts of the pre-Civil-War United States: \"Perhaps Scratch will do for the evening."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Screen",
"text": "An animated television film loosely based on the story, The Devil and Daniel Mouse, was released in 1978."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Nelvana created an animated television special called The Devil and Daniel Mouse based on the story."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In the program, Daniel Mouse is a musician whose partner, Jan, sells her soul to the devil in exchange for fame."
}
] |
The Devil and Daniel Webster is about giving oneself to Satan for wealth and notoriety.
| 1 | 3 |
The Devil and Daniel Webster
|
Popular Culture
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was made into an Academy Award–winning film of the same name in 1945, starring Joan Crawford, and a 2011 Emmy Award–winning miniseries of the same name, starring Kate Winslet."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mildred Pierce is a 1941 hardboiled novel by James M. Cain."
}
] |
Aup9qmx35qR1pnuUr9sY
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Set in Glendale, California, in the 1930s, the book is the story of a middle-class housewife, Mildred Pierce, and her attempts to maintain her family's social position during the Great Depression."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1945",
"text": "In the movie, Veda commences an affair with Monty and kills him when he refuses to divorce Mildred to marry her."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Mildred Pierce – a middle-class mother of two Bert Pierce –"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mildred Pierce is a 1941 hardboiled novel by James M. Cain."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1945",
"text": "\" These provisions made it impossible to film a literal depiction of the events in the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 2011",
"text": "Unlike the movie version, it is almost a word-for-word dramatization of the novel, including nearly every scene and using Cain's dialogue."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Having decided that the only course of action is to ask Veda to contribute some of her now considerable earnings to balance the books – and fearing that Wally might target the girl's assets if they are exposed – Mildred goes to her room to confront her."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Veda Pierce – Mildred's elder daughter"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was made into an Academy Award–winning film of the same name in 1945, starring Joan Crawford, and a 2011 Emmy Award–winning miniseries of the same name, starring Kate Winslet."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1945",
"text": "In 1945, the novel was made into a film starring Joan Crawford, Eve Arden, Ann Blyth, Jack Carson, Bruce Bennett, Zachary Scott, and Lee Patrick."
}
] |
Mildred Pierce is a book and was made into a movie.
| 3 | 7 |
Mildred Pierce
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "; pinyin: Xī Yóu Jì) is a Chinese novel published in the 16th century during the Ming dynasty and attributed to Wu Cheng'en."
}
] |
AvPgkMxQ2A0IOt1oZvmP
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "Popular and story-teller versions of Xuanzang's journey dating as far back as the Southern Song dynasty include a monkey character as a protagonist."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "; pinyin: Xī Yóu Jì) is a Chinese novel published in the 16th century during the Ming dynasty and attributed to Wu Cheng'en."
},
{
"section_header": "Authorship",
"text": "Journey to the West was thought to have been written and published anonymously by Wu Cheng'en in the 16th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Media adaptations",
"text": "In 1997, Brooklyn-based jazz composer Fred Ho premiered his jazz opera Journey To The East, at the Brooklyn Academy of Music, which he developed into what he described as a \"serial fantasy action-adventure music/theater epic,” Journey Beyond the West: The New Adventures of Monkey based upon Wu Cheng’en's 16th-century novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "Xuanzang left India in 643 and arrived back in Chang'an in 646."
},
{
"section_header": "Authorship",
"text": "It mentions nothing about a novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "the bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara (Guanyin) to search China for someone to take the Buddhist sutras of \"transcendence and persuasion for good will\" back."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "With the support of the emperor, he established an institute at Yuhua Gong (Palace of the Lustre of Jade) monastery dedicated to translating the scriptures he had brought back."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "The novel Journey to the West was based on historical events."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature."
}
] |
The novel dates back to 15th century.
| 2 | 5 |
Journey to the West
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Many of the resisters were war veterans who believed that they were fighting for the principles of the American Revolution, in particular against taxation without local representation, while the federal government maintained that the taxes were the legal expression of Congressional taxation powers."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In popular culture",
"text": "This results in the rebellion becoming a Second American Revolution."
}
] |
AvpXpqWjkPFMmV0vkQbo
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Slaughter, Thomas P. The Whiskey Rebellion: Frontier Epilogue to the American Revolution."
},
{
"section_header": "Insurrection | Federal response | Militia expedition",
"text": "The federalized militia force of 12,950 men was a large army by American standards of the time, comparable to Washington's armies during the Revolution."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In popular culture",
"text": "This results in the rebellion becoming a Second American Revolution."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The whiskey tax was repealed after Thomas Jefferson's Republican Party came to power in 1801, which opposed the Federalist Party of Hamilton and Washington."
},
{
"section_header": "Insurrection | March on Pittsburgh",
"text": "David Bradford, it was said, was comparing himself to Robespierre, a leader of the French Reign of Terror."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The Whiskey Rebellion: Past and Present Perspectives."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The events contributed to the formation of political parties in the United States, a process already underway."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The Whiskey Rebellion and the Trans-Appalachian Frontier, 73–84."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The events contributed to the formation of political parties in the United States, a process already under way."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In popular culture",
"text": "In 2011, the Whiskey Rebellion Festival was started in Washington, Pennsylvania."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Many of the resisters were war veterans who believed that they were fighting for the principles of the American Revolution, in particular against taxation without local representation, while the federal government maintained that the taxes were the legal expression of Congressional taxation powers."
}
] |
The Whiskey Rebellion was imminently comparable to the Boston Tea Party and the Revolution as a whole.
| 4 | 4 |
Whiskey Rebellion
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1930–1936: Early years in Hollywood | Legal case",
"text": "Knowing that she was breaching her contract with Warner Bros., she fled to Canada to avoid legal papers being served on her."
}
] |
AvuNijkqCa4uLHp9zzsC
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ruth Elizabeth \"Bette\" Davis (; April 5, 1908 – October 6, 1989) was an American actress of film, television and theater."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1930–1936: Early years in Hollywood",
"text": "In fact, a studio employee had waited for her, but left because he saw nobody who \"looked like an actress\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1961–1970: Renewed success",
"text": "American. Thirty years experience as an actress in Motion Pictures."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1983–1989: Illness, awards, and final works",
"text": "Within two weeks of her surgery, she suffered four strokes which caused paralysis in the left side of her face and in her left arm, and left her with slurred speech."
},
{
"section_header": "Academy Awards",
"text": "The academy's nomination and winner database notes this under the 1934 best actress category and under the Bette Davis search."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1961–1970: Renewed success",
"text": "Bette also said Joan was a good, professional actress, but cared a lot about the way she looked, and her vanity."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1961–1970: Renewed success",
"text": "Joan said Bette was a “fascinating actress” but they were never able to become friends as they only worked on the one film together."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1945–1949: Professional setbacks",
"text": "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, and impersonators began to use it in their acts."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1930–1936: Early years in Hollywood | Legal case",
"text": "Eventually, Davis brought her case to court in Britain, hoping to get out of her contract."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy",
"text": "In 1997, the executors of her estate, Merrill and Kathryn Sermak, her former assistant, established The Bette Davis Foundation, which awards college scholarships to promising actors and actresses."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1930–1936: Early years in Hollywood | Legal case",
"text": "Knowing that she was breaching her contract with Warner Bros., she fled to Canada to avoid legal papers being served on her."
}
] |
American actress Bette Davis left the U.S. over contract disputes.
| 0 | 0 |
Bette Davis
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Due to his Spanish ancestry and \"gentlemanly\" nature, he was nicknamed \"El Señor\"."
}
] |
AwTblrgiICoznC2a7u4b
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Baseball manager | Major Leagues | Chicago White Sox",
"text": "Lopez was able to get most of his former coaches to return to the team."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball manager | Managing style",
"text": "But Lopez is a gentleman — a decent, thoughtful, exceptionally courteous man."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball manager | Major Leagues | Chicago White Sox",
"text": "Lopez agreed to become the new manager of the Chicago White Sox about a month after resigning in Cleveland."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life and legacy | Honors",
"text": "\"You can't throw me out of this ballpark\", protested Lopez, \" This is my ballpark – Al López Field!\" The umpire ejected him anyway, causing Lopez to exclaim, \"He threw me out of my own ballpark!\"López was selected for induction into the Baseball Hall of Fame by the Veterans Committee as part of the Class of 1977."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball player",
"text": "His starting salary with the Smokers was $150 ($2,238 today) per month, which was much needed by the large Lopez family since his father's health was deteriorating and he could not work regularly. (Modesto Lopez died of throat cancer in 1926.) Soon after signing with the Smokers, Al López impressed Hall of Fame"
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball manager | Major Leagues | Cleveland Indians",
"text": "Lopez finished his Indians career with a record of 570 wins and 354 losses, and his .617 winning percentage is still the best in franchise history."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball manager | Managing style",
"text": "Describing López and his managerial style, a 1957 Sports Illustrated piece said, \"For Lopez, managing is a constant worry, a nervous strain, a jittery agony."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life and legacy | Honors",
"text": "Lopez was the manager of the Cleveland Indians and had just led them to the World Series when the city of Tampa built a new minor league and spring training ballpark."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Modesto Lopez found work as a skilled selector in a cigar factory, which involved sorting raw tobacco leaves for use in different grades of cigars."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He began to follow baseball when his elder brother Emilio introduced him to the game during the 1920 World Series, which coincidentally involved two teams that Lopez would later play for - Cleveland and Brooklyn."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Due to his Spanish ancestry and \"gentlemanly\" nature, he was nicknamed \"El Señor\"."
}
] |
Lopez was referred to as "El Senor".
| 0 | 0 |
Al López
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Robert Schumann (German: [ˈʃuːman]; 8 June 1810 – 29 July 1856) was a German composer, pianist, and influential music critic."
}
] |
Awgbo67k09RBBd5mH2vH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Composer Sir Edward Elgar called Schumann \"my ideal.\" Schumann has often been confused with Austrian composer Franz Schubert; one well-known example occurred in 1956, when East Germany issued a pair of postage stamps featuring Schumann's picture against an open score that featured Schubert's music."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Schumann then focused his musical energies on composing."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | After 1850",
"text": "From 1850 to 1854, Schumann composed in a wide variety of genres."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1830–34 | Neue Zeitschrift für Musik",
"text": "Schumann campaigned to revive interest in major composers of the past, including Mozart, Beethoven, and Weber."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1830–34 | Papillons",
"text": "On this occasion Clara played bravura Variations by Henri Herz, a composer whom Schumann was already deriding as a philistine."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1830–34 | Neue Zeitschrift für Musik",
"text": "Among Schumann's associates at this time were composers Norbert Burgmüller and Ludwig Schuncke (to whom Schumann dedicated his Toccata in C)."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1830–34 | Neue Zeitschrift für Musik",
"text": "Schumann published most of his critical writings in the journal, and often lambasted the popular taste for flashy technical displays from figures whom Schumann perceived as inferior composers, or \"philistines\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Robert Schumann (German: [ˈʃuːman]; 8 June 1810 – 29 July 1856) was a German composer, pianist, and influential music critic."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life",
"text": "Schumann began to compose before the age of seven, but his boyhood was spent in the cultivation of literature as much as music—undoubtedly influenced by his father, a bookseller, publisher, and novelist."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1830–34 | Neue Zeitschrift für Musik",
"text": "He also promoted the work of some contemporary composers, including"
}
] |
Schumann was an Austrian composer.
| 0 | 0 |
Robert Schumann
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Cast | Main cast",
"text": "Sylvester Stallone as Robert \"Rocky\" Balboa Talia Shire as Adrianna \"Adrian\" Pennino Burt Young as Paulie Pennino Carl Weathers as Apollo Creed"
}
] |
Aws9yklFXHY0JfjnM8DG
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Development and writing",
"text": "Likes Me and the movie of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Other media | Rocky Steps",
"text": "In 2006, E! named the \"Rocky Steps\" scene #13 in its 101 Most Awesome Moments in Entertainment."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical reception",
"text": "Andrew Sarris found the Capra comparisons disingenuous: \"Capra's movies projected more despair deep down than a movie like Rocky could envisage, and most previous ring movies have been much more cynical about the fight scene,\" and, commenting on Rocky's work as a loan shark, says that the film \"teeters on the edge of sentimentalizing gangsters.\" Sarris also found Meredith \"oddly cast in the kind of part the late James Gleason used to pick his teeth."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development and writing",
"text": "Other possible inspirations for the film may have included characteristics of real-life boxers Rocky Marciano and Joe Frazier, as well as Rocky Graziano's autobiography Somebody Up There"
},
{
"section_header": "Other media | Adaptations and merchandise",
"text": "In 2016, Tapinator, Inc. released a mobile game named ROCKY for the iOS platform, with a planned 2017 release for Google Play and Amazon platforms."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Taking advantage of his overconfidence, Rocky knocks him down in the first round — the first time that Creed has ever been knocked down."
},
{
"section_header": "Other media | Video games",
"text": "In 1987, Rocky was released, based on the first four Rocky films."
},
{
"section_header": "Other media | Video games",
"text": "In 2002 was released Rocky, based on the first five Rocky films."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Pre-production",
"text": "Tony Burton appeared as Apollo Creed's trainer, Tony \"Duke\" Evers, a role he would reprise in the entire Rocky series, though he is not given an official name until Rocky II."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Similarly, when Rocky's robe arrived far too baggy on the day of it was needed for filming, Stallone wrote in dialogue in which Rocky points this out."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast | Main cast",
"text": "Sylvester Stallone as Robert \"Rocky\" Balboa Talia Shire as Adrianna \"Adrian\" Pennino Burt Young as Paulie Pennino Carl Weathers as Apollo Creed"
}
] |
Rocky's real first name in the movie Rocky, is "Robert".
| 0 | 0 |
Rocky
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Osborne Earl \"Ozzie\" Smith (born December 26, 1954) is an American former baseball shortstop who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Diego Padres and St. Louis Cardinals from 1978 to 1996."
}
] |
AwtHUTr49ui9qm8ZKCXf
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1982–1984",
"text": "On December 10, 1981, the Padres traded him along with a player to be named later and Steve Mura to the Cardinals for a player to be named later, Sixto Lezcano and Garry Templeton."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | San Diego Padres",
"text": "I hit the ground, bounced back up, and threw Burroughs out at first.\" During a roadtrip to Houston, later in the season, Smith met a part-time usherette at the Astrodome named Denise while making his way to the team bus outside the stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Later named an All-American athlete, he established school records in career at bats (754) and career stolen bases (110) before graduating in 1977."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | San Diego Padres",
"text": "While \"The Wizard of Oz\" nickname was an allusion to the 1939 motion picture of the same name, Smith also came to be known as simply \"The Wizard\" during his playing career, as Smith's Baseball Hall of Fame plaque would later attest."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Smith won his first Gold Glove Award in 1980 and made his first All-Star Game appearance in 1981."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in his first year of eligibility in 2002."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | San Diego Padres",
"text": "In 1981, Smith made his first All-Star Game appearance as a reserve player."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1996",
"text": "As Smith entered the 1996 season, he finalized a divorce from his wife Denise during the first half of the year."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1996",
"text": "In the postseason, the Cardinals first faced the San Diego Padres in the 1996 National League Division Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1996",
"text": "Meanwhile, manager Tony La Russa began his first season with the Cardinals in tandem with a new ownership group."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Osborne Earl \"Ozzie\" Smith (born December 26, 1954) is an American former baseball shortstop who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Diego Padres and St. Louis Cardinals from 1978 to 1996."
}
] |
Ozzie Smith's real first name is Oscar.
| 3 | 4 |
Ozzie Smith
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Dress code",
"text": "The above dress code is never compulsory and many people wear western or other eastern clothing without any problems; but prohibitions on wearing \"indecent clothing\" or revealing too much skin are aspects of the UAE to which Dubai's visitors are expected to conform, and are encoded in Dubai's criminal law."
}
] |
AwuKac4PCNQgcpvV3Ulh
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Architecture",
"text": "At the top, Burj Khalifa, the world's second highest observatory deck after the Shanghai Tower with an outdoor terrace is one of Dubai's most popular tourist attractions, with over 1.87 million visitors in 2013."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Dress code",
"text": "The Emirati attire is typical of several countries in the Arabian Peninsula."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "India was second among Dubai's key trading partners with a trade of $29.7 billion, followed by the United States at $22.62 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Dress code",
"text": "The above dress code is never compulsory and many people wear western or other eastern clothing without any problems; but prohibitions on wearing \"indecent clothing\" or revealing too much skin are aspects of the UAE to which Dubai's visitors are expected to conform, and are encoded in Dubai's criminal law."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "The influence of Arab and Islamic culture on its architecture, music, attire, cuisine, and lifestyle is very prominent as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "One of the world's fastest growing economies, Dubai's gross domestic product is projected at US$107.1 billion, with a growth rate of 6.1% in 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Tourism and retail",
"text": "A visitor can check out the architectural features of the outside as well as the inside of each house."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Establishment of modern Dubai",
"text": "The following year, more fires broke out."
},
{
"section_header": "Education",
"text": "The school system in Dubai follows that of the United Arab Emirates."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "Because of the touristic approach of many Dubaites in the entrepreneurial sector and the high standard of living, Dubai's culture has gradually evolved towards one of luxury, opulence, and lavishness with a high regard for leisure-related extravagance."
}
] |
Dubai's visitors do not have to follow their policy on attire.
| 1 | 5 |
Dubai
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Raines was one of seven children."
}
] |
Ax8pDIWP2wh5wycZX4uM
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Two of his brothers, Levi and Ned III, played minor league baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "The couple had two children: Tim Jr. (\"Little Rock\"), and André (\"Little Hawk\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and awards",
"text": "The baseball complex at Seminole High School in Sanford, Florida, Raines' alma mater, has been renamed Tim Raines Athletic Park in his honor, and Raines' number 22 has been retired at the school."
},
{
"section_header": "Career statistics",
"text": "He also had six full seasons with an on-base percentage above .390."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Recovery and return",
"text": "On August 21, 2001, Raines and his son, Tim Raines Jr., became the first father-son pair to play against each other in an official professional baseball game, when the Lynx played the Rochester Red Wings (the two had faced each other earlier in the year during spring training)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played as a left fielder in Major League Baseball for six teams from 1979 to 2002 and was best known for his 13 seasons with the Montreal Expos."
},
{
"section_header": "Career statistics",
"text": "Raines stole at least 70 bases in each of his first six full seasons (1981–1986), leading the National League in stolen bases each season from 1981 to 1984, with a career high of 90 steals in 1983."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Montreal Expos",
"text": "After debuting with six games as a pinch runner in 1979, he played briefly as a second baseman for the Expos in 1980 but soon switched to playing the outfield, and rapidly became a fan favorite due to his aggressiveness on the basepaths."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Discussing his decision to play professional baseball instead of football he stated, \"... in football I was a running back, so in the NFL my career would have probably lasted six or seven years and in baseball I ended up playing 23 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Post-Expos career",
"text": "In 1993, despite missing nearly six weeks in April and May due to a torn ligament in his thumb he suffered while stealing a base, he managed to hit .306 with 16 home runs as the White Sox won the American League Western Division title."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Raines was one of seven children."
}
] |
Tim Raines had six brothers and sisters.
| 2 | 7 |
Tim Raines
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "The possibility that Monroe had accidentally overdosed was ruled out because the dosages found in her body were several times over the lethal limit."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Monroe died between 8:30 p.m. and 10:30 p.m. on August 4, and the toxicology report showed that the cause of death was acute barbiturate poisoning."
}
] |
AxLmYhHJDE62nRQQfavp
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1944–1949: Modeling and first film roles",
"text": "Monroe's contract began in August 1946, and she and Lyon selected the stage name \"Marilyn Monroe\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1956–1959: Critical acclaim and marriage to Arthur Miller",
"text": "Marilyn Monroe has finally proved herself an actress.\" She also received a Golden Globe for Best Actress nomination for her performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Marilyn Monroe (; born Norma Jeane Mortenson; June 1, 1926 – August 4, 1962) was an American actress, model, and singer."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1954–1955: Conflicts with 20th Century-Fox and marriage to Joe DiMaggio",
"text": "After filming for The Seven Year Itch wrapped up in November 1954, Monroe left Hollywood for the East Coast, where she and photographer Milton Greene founded their own production company, Marilyn Monroe Productions (MMP)—an"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1944–1949: Modeling and first film roles",
"text": "The first name was picked by Lyon, who was reminded of Broadway star Marilyn Miller; the last was Monroe's mother's maiden name."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1950–1952: Breakthrough years",
"text": "In We're Not Married! , her role as a beauty pageant contestant was created solely to \"present Marilyn in two bathing suits\", according to its writer Nunnally Johnson."
},
{
"section_header": "Screen persona and reception",
"text": "Biographer Lois Banner has written that Monroe often subtly parodied her status as a sex symbol in her films and public appearances, and that \"the 'Marilyn Monroe' character she created was a brilliant archetype, who stands between Mae West and Madonna in the tradition of twentieth-century gender tricksters.\" Monroe herself stated that she was influenced by West, learning \"a few tricks from her—that impression of laughing at, or mocking, her own sexuality\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "The speculation that Monroe had been murdered first gained mainstream attention with the publication of Norman Mailer's Marilyn: A Biography in 1973, and in the following years became widespread enough for the Los Angeles County District Attorney John Van de Kamp to conduct a \"threshold investigation\" in 1982 to see whether a criminal investigation should be opened."
},
{
"section_header": "Screen persona and reception",
"text": "Film historian Laura Mulvey has written of her as an endorsement for American consumer culture: If America was to export the democracy of glamour into post-war, impoverished Europe, the movies could be its shop window ... Marilyn Monroe, with her all American attributes and streamlined sexuality, came to epitomise in a single image this complex interface of the economic, the political, and the erotic."
},
{
"section_header": "Screen persona and reception",
"text": "\" Monroe's contemporary Norman Mailer wrote that \"Marilyn suggested sex might be difficult and dangerous with others, but ice cream with her\", while Groucho Marx characterized her as \"Mae West, Theda Bara, and Bo Peep all rolled into one\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "The possibility that Monroe had accidentally overdosed was ruled out because the dosages found in her body were several times over the lethal limit."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Monroe died between 8:30 p.m. and 10:30 p.m. on August 4, and the toxicology report showed that the cause of death was acute barbiturate poisoning."
}
] |
Marilyn Monroe kicked her own bucket, as it were.
| 0 | 0 |
Marilyn Monroe
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Simmons refused to sign a contract for the amount of salary offered by the Cardinals in 1972, electing to play without a contract."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A switch-hitter, Simmons was a catcher for most of his Major League Baseball (MLB) career with the St. Louis Cardinals (1968–80), the Milwaukee Brewers (1981–85) and the Atlanta Braves (1986–88)."
}
] |
AxczpWm4660RoR6pajj9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ted Lyle Simmons (born August 9, 1949) is an American former professional baseball player and coach."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "The St. Louis Cardinals selected Simmons in the first round, with the tenth overall selection, of the 1967 Major League Baseball draft."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "In 1968, he played for the Modesto Reds of the Class A California League, where he batted .331, with 28 home runs and 117 runs batted in (RBIs) in 136 games played."
},
{
"section_header": "Career statistics",
"text": "In his book, The Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract, baseball historian Bill James ranked Simmons 10th all-time among major league catchers."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Despite the Cardinals finishing the season in fourth place, Simmons would finish in 10th place in the National League Most Valuable Player Award balloting."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Simmons refused to sign a contract for the amount of salary offered by the Cardinals in 1972, electing to play without a contract."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball executive and coaching career",
"text": "He also was Director of Player Development for both the Cardinals and San Diego Padres, and a scout at the Major League level for the Cleveland Indians."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Simmons spent another year in Triple-A with the Tulsa Oilers before returning to the major leagues in 1970 where he platooned with Joe Torre."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Simmons made his major league debut with the Cardinals at the age of 18, appearing in two games during the 1968 pennant-winning season."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A switch-hitter, Simmons was a catcher for most of his Major League Baseball (MLB) career with the St. Louis Cardinals (1968–80), the Milwaukee Brewers (1981–85) and the Atlanta Braves (1986–88)."
}
] |
Ted Simmons would not play for the money offered to him when he played baseball for the Modesto Reds when they selected Ted 10th among major league players.
| 0 | 0 |
Ted Simmons
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (also known as the Treaty of Brest in Russia) was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, between the new Bolshevik government of Russia and the Central Powers (German Empire, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's participation in World War I."
}
] |
AxkrCM81LZZy54G2O7i4
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The Decree called \"upon all the belligerent nations and their governments to start immediate negotiations for peace\" and proposed an immediate withdrawal of Russia from World War I. Leon Trotsky was appointed Commissar of Foreign Affairs in the new Bolshevik government."
},
{
"section_header": "Terms of the treaty | Signing",
"text": "The treaty marked Russia's final withdrawal from World War I as an enemy of her co-signatories, on severe terms."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (also known as the Treaty of Brest in Russia) was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, between the new Bolshevik government of Russia and the Central Powers (German Empire, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's participation in World War I."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "By 1917, Germany and Imperial Russia were stuck in a stalemate on the Eastern Front of World War I and the Russian economy had nearly collapsed under the strain of the war effort."
},
{
"section_header": "Lasting effects",
"text": "In the Armistice of 11 November 1918 that ended World War I, one clause abrogated the Brest-Litovsk treaty."
},
{
"section_header": "Portraits",
"text": "a copy of which was given to each of the participants."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The Soviet started to form its own paramilitary power, the Red Guards, in March 1917.The continuing war led the German Government to agree to a suggestion that they should favor the opposition Communist Party (Bolsheviks), who were proponents of Russia's withdrawal from the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Portraits",
"text": "He drew portraits of all the participants, along with a series of smaller caricatures."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The Russian Provisional Government that replaced the Tsar in early 1917 continued the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Peace negotiations",
"text": "Lenin told the Central Committee that \"you must sign this shameful peace in order to save the world revolution\"."
}
] |
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk started the participation of Russian in the World War I.
| 0 | 1 |
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Who Framed Roger Rabbit received near-universal acclaim from critics, making Business Insider's \"best comedy movies of all time, according to critics\" list."
}
] |
Ay0kXdEgYaoex8YkoWfl
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Proposed sequel",
"text": "One of the songs, \"This Only Happens in the Movies\", was recorded in 2008 on the debut album of Broadway actress Kerry Butler."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Who Framed Roger Rabbit received near-universal acclaim from critics, making Business Insider's \"best comedy movies of all time, according to critics\" list."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "Musical or Comedy), while Hoskins was also nominated for his performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Zemeckis had Walt Disney Pictures' enthusiastic backing, producer Steven Spielberg's pull, Warner Bros.'s blessing, Canadian animator Richard Williams' ink and paint, Mel Blanc's voice, Jeffrey Price and Peter S. Seaman's witty, frenetic screenplay, George Lucas' Industrial Light and Magic, and Bob Hoskins' comical performance as the burliest, shaggiest private eye.\" Gene Shalit on the Today Show also praised the film, calling it \"one of the most extraordinary movies ever made\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It grossed $329.8 million worldwide, becoming one of the highest grossing films in the year."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "The film was one of the final productions in which he voiced his Looney Tunes characters before his death the following year."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Animation legend Chuck Jones made a rather scathing attack on the film in his book Chuck Jones Conversations."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "The film was finally green-lit when the budget decreased to $30 million, which at the time still made it the most expensive animated film ever green-lit."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "The film also won the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation and the Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Movie."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Proposed sequel",
"text": "he were working on a development proposal for an animated Disney buddy comedy starring Mickey Mouse and Roger Rabbit called The Stooge, based on the 1952 film of the same name."
}
] |
The film was lauded as one of the greatest comedy movies ever made.
| 1 | 3 |
Who Framed Roger Rabbit
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Mathewson was born in Factoryville, Pennsylvania and attended high school at Keystone Academy."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Three years with the Reds",
"text": "On July 20, 1916, Mathewson's career came full circle when he was traded to the Cincinnati Reds along with Edd Roush."
}
] |
Ayo3LvdhqXmh8OVpYxwX
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life and literary career",
"text": "Mathewson and McGraw remained friends for the rest of their lives."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life and literary career",
"text": "During Mathewson's playing years, the family lived in a duplex in upper Manhattan alongside Mathewson's manager John McGraw and his wife Blanche."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Career with the Giants",
"text": "In 338 innings, Mathewson walked only 64 batters."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Three years with the Reds",
"text": "He was immediately named as the Reds' player-manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Three years with the Reds",
"text": "However, he appeared in only one game as a pitcher for the Reds, on September 4, 1916."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "Christy Mathewson Day and Factoryville, Pennsylvania, are the subjects of the documentary, Christy Mathewson Day."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Three years with the Reds",
"text": "The high-scoring game was a win for Mathewson's Reds over Brown's Cubs, 10-8.Mathewson retired as a player after the season and managed the Reds for the entire 1917 season and the first 118 games of 1918, compiling a total record of 164-176 as a manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "The former Whittenton Ballfield in Taunton, Massachusetts, is named in memory of Christy Mathewson, who played for the Taunton team in the New England Baseball League before he joined the New York Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Career with the Giants",
"text": "Besides winning 31 games, Mathewson allowed only 1.28 earned runs for every nine innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Three years with the Reds",
"text": "On July 20, 1916, Mathewson's career came full circle when he was traded to the Cincinnati Reds along with Edd Roush."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Mathewson was born in Factoryville, Pennsylvania and attended high school at Keystone Academy."
}
] |
Christy Mathewson lived in Munster, Indiana and played for the Reds.
| 2 | 2 |
Christy Mathewson
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Because our ancestors had no knowledge of them, and it will be a matter wholly new to all those who hear about them, for this transcends the view held by our ancients, inasmuch as most of them hold that there is no continent to the south beyond the equator, but only the sea which they named the Atlantic and if some of them did aver that a continent there was, they denied with abundant argument that it was a habitable land."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "But that this their opinion is false and utterly opposed to the truth... my last voyage has made manifest; for in those southern parts I have found a continent more densely peopled and abounding in animals than our Europe Asia or Africa, and, in addition, a climate milder and more delightful than in any other region known to us, as you shall learn in the following account."
}
] |
AzPIxLgEcSvnPis3QBba
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Vespucci letters",
"text": "Nevertheless, this document was the original inspiration for naming the American continent in honour of Amerigo Vespucci."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Amerigo Vespucci (, Italian: [ameˈriːɡo veˈsputtʃi]; 9 March 1454 – 22 February 1512) was an Italian merchant, explorer, and navigator from the Republic of Florence (modern Italy), from whose name the terms America and Americas are derived."
},
{
"section_header": "Naming of America",
"text": "The Soderini Letter gave Vespucci credit for discovery of this new continent and implied that the Portuguese map was based on his explorations."
},
{
"section_header": "Vespucci letters",
"text": "It was written in Italian and published in Florence around 1505."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Voyages | \"First voyage\" (1497–1498)",
"text": "This is perhaps the most controversial of Vespucci's voyages and many historians doubt that it took place as described."
},
{
"section_header": "Historiography",
"text": "Vespucci has been called \"the most enigmatic and controversial figure in early American history."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Return to Seville",
"text": "He was also hired to captain a ship as part of a fleet bound for the \"spice islands\" but the planned voyage never took place."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Voyages | \"Second voyage\" (1499–1500)",
"text": "From there Vespucci continued up the South American coast to the Gulf of Paria and along the shore of what is now Venezuela."
},
{
"section_header": "Vespucci letters",
"text": "Within a year of publication, twelve editions were printed including translations into Italian, French, German, Dutch and other languages."
},
{
"section_header": "Vespucci letters",
"text": "Several scholars now believe that Vespucci did not write the two published letters in the form in which they circulated during his lifetime."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Because our ancestors had no knowledge of them, and it will be a matter wholly new to all those who hear about them, for this transcends the view held by our ancients, inasmuch as most of them hold that there is no continent to the south beyond the equator, but only the sea which they named the Atlantic and if some of them did aver that a continent there was, they denied with abundant argument that it was a habitable land."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "But that this their opinion is false and utterly opposed to the truth... my last voyage has made manifest; for in those southern parts I have found a continent more densely peopled and abounding in animals than our Europe Asia or Africa, and, in addition, a climate milder and more delightful than in any other region known to us, as you shall learn in the following account."
}
] |
This Italian explorer believed that the whole American continent was a barren place unfit for living.
| 4 | 5 |
Amerigo Vespucci
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Politics and Estado Novo | Economic policies",
"text": "After the politically unstable and financially chaotic years of the Portuguese First Republic, financial stability was Salazar's highest priority."
}
] |
AzVnACSB8LRZIkKq4RWZ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Background | Family",
"text": "do Resgate Salazar de Oliveira, an elementary school teacher; Elisa Salazar de Oliveira; Maria Leopoldina Salazar de Oliveira; and Laura Salazar de Oliveira, who in 1887 married Abel Pais de Sousa, brother of Mário Pais de Sousa, who served as Salazar's Interior Minister."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics and Estado Novo | Economic policies",
"text": "After the politically unstable and financially chaotic years of the Portuguese First Republic, financial stability was Salazar's highest priority."
},
{
"section_header": "Evaluation",
"text": "The Portuguese historian, scholar, and editor, A. H. de Oliveira Marques, wrote of Salazar: \"He considered himself the guide of the nation,"
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Family",
"text": "He was the only male child of two fifth cousins, António de Oliveira (1839–1932) and his wife Maria"
},
{
"section_header": "Politics and Estado Novo | World War II | Refugees",
"text": "The Portuguese consul general in Bordeaux, Aristides de Sousa Mendes, helped several, and his actions were not unique by any means."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics and Estado Novo | Economic policies",
"text": "Conservative Portuguese scholars such as Jaime Nogueira Pinto and Rui Ramos claim that Salazar's early reforms and policies allowed political and financial stability, therefore social order and economic growth."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics and Estado Novo | Early path",
"text": "Salazar was the financial czar virtually from the day he took office."
},
{
"section_header": "Evaluation",
"text": "Life declared that \"most of what is good in modern Portugal can be credited to Dr. António de Oliveira Salazar (...) The dictator is everything that most Portuguese are not – calm, silent, ascetic, puritanical, a glutton for work, cool to women."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "António de Oliveira Salazar (; Portuguese: [ɐ̃ˈtɔniu dɨ oliˈvɐjɾɐ sɐlɐˈzaɾ]; 28 April 1889 – 27 July 1970) was a Portuguese statesman who served as Prime Minister of Portugal from 1932 to 1968."
},
{
"section_header": "Evaluation",
"text": "Oliveira Salazar is Minister of Finance, which I accept is right, but that he is minister of everything, which is more questionable."
}
] |
Antonio de Oliveira Salazar help the country find financially stability.
| 3 | 4 |
Antonio de Oliveira Salazar
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His \"bonus\" for signing with the Reds was the $2.50 cost of a visa and a plane ticket to Miami, Florida."
}
] |
AzbjDUrJGq3wFkRkeSiK
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was signed to a pro contract in 1960 at age 17 by Cincinnati Reds scout Tony Pacheco while playing on the Camagüey sugar factory team."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Tony later played shortstop for the Mill's baseball team, Central Violeta."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In 2000, for a luncheon honoring Tony, the Marlins arranged to surprise him by helping his two living sisters, Argelia and Gloria, secure visas and come to Miami from their homes in Central Violeta, Camagüey, Cuba."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In 2016, Eduardo joined SiriusXM's MLB Network Radio hosting The Leadoff Spot with Steve Phillips."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Tony has stated that, during his playing career, his family in Cuba would listen to the Voice of America, which would give daily updates on Cuban players playing in the majors."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Legacy",
"text": "On the weekend of August 21–22, 2015, the Cincinnati Reds held Tony Pérez Weekend during a series with the Arizona Diamondbacks."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His \"bonus\" for signing with the Reds was the $2.50 cost of a visa and a plane ticket to Miami, Florida."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In November 1972, Pérez was granted a 20-day visa to return to Cuba for the first time since a 1963 trip; however, the visa did not permit his wife and children to go, according to \"Latino Baseball Legends: An Encyclopedia\" by Lew Freedman."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early days",
"text": "In 1961 he again played for Geneva and set several team batting records, batting .348 with 27 home runs in 121 games."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early days",
"text": "He played his first minor league game for the Reds' Class D affiliate in Geneva, New York at age 17 on May 1, 1960 in the season-opener for the New York–Pennsylvania League team."
}
] |
Tony Perez got his Visa and flight paid for by the Cincinnati MLB team that gave him a playing contract.
| 0 | 0 |
Tony Pérez
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career",
"text": "Keeler had a hit in his final game of the 1896 season, giving him a National League-record 45-game hitting streak."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career",
"text": "Bill James speculated that Keeler introduced the hit and run strategy to the original Orioles and teammate John McGraw."
}
] |
AzynGAvLjQ8i5cCqzGMv
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Henry Keeler (March 3, 1872 – January 1, 1923), nicknamed \"Wee Willie\", was an American right fielder in Major League Baseball who played from 1892 to 1910, primarily for the Baltimore Orioles and Brooklyn Superbas in the National League, and the New York Highlanders in the American League."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career",
"text": "Keeler had a hit in his final game of the 1896 season, giving him a National League-record 45-game hitting streak."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career",
"text": "Bill James speculated that Keeler introduced the hit and run strategy to the original Orioles and teammate John McGraw."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career",
"text": "In James' theory, Boston's Tommy McCarthy was the first manager to make wide use of the hit and run."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career",
"text": "In 1999, he was named as a finalist to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career",
"text": "Keeler also had eight consecutive seasons with 200 hits or more, a record broken by Ichiro Suzuki in 2009.In 1901, when Ban Johnson formed the American League, one of the first acts was to raid the National League and offer their stars big contracts."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career",
"text": "Keeler played in 1911 for the Eastern League's Toronto Maple Leafs, and had 43 hits in 39 games."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career",
"text": "Keeler's advice to hitters was \"Keep your eye clear, and hit 'em where they ain't\"—\"they\" being the opposing fielders."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career",
"text": "In 1901, Keeler received offers from six of the eight new American League clubs, including an offer from Chicago for two years at $4,300 a season ($132,148 in current dollar terms)."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career",
"text": "This mark was surpassed by Joe DiMaggio in 1941, who had a 56-game hitting streak."
}
] |
An American right fielder in Major League Baseball Nicknamed "Wee Willie", Keeler had a small stature and introduced the hit and run baseball tactic, using it in his final game.
| 0 | 0 |
Willie Keeler
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Religious and political views",
"text": "During her divorce from Tom Cruise, she stated that she did not want their children raised as Scientologists."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Religious and political views",
"text": "She has been reluctant to discuss Scientology since her divorce."
}
] |
B0YjHCUIRHaOvoyeuUvH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Discography",
"text": "Among others, Kidman also narrated an audiobook in 2012.In 2017, she and Nicolle Gaylon sang backing vocals on her husband, country music singer Keith Urban's song \"Female\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nicole Mary Kidman (born 20 June 1967) is an Australian actress, philanthropist and producer."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Resurgence and television career (2016–present)",
"text": "Although it was poorly received, Owen Gleiberman commended Kidman for playing her part with \"elegant affection\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "So I don't like walking into a crowded restaurant by myself; I don't like going to a party by myself.\"She"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Wealth, philanthropy, and honours",
"text": "However, due to film commitments and her wedding to Urban, it wasn't until 13 April 2007 that she was presented with the honour."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Resurgence and television career (2016–present)",
"text": "She took on the supporting part of a rich socialite in John Crowley's drama"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Continued success (2004–2009)",
"text": "At a press conference at the Venice Film Festival, Kidman addressed the controversy saying, \"It wasn't that I wanted to make a film where I kiss a 10-year-old boy."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships and children",
"text": "In 2015, former Church of Scientology executive Mark Rathbun claimed in a documentary film that he was instructed to \"facilitate [Cruise's] break-up with Nicole Kidman\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Worldwide recognition (1995–2003)",
"text": "In 1999, Kidman reunited with then husband, Tom Cruise, to portray a Manhattan couple on a sexual odyssey, in Eyes Wide Shut, the final film of director Stanley Kubrick."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Biographical and independent films (2010–2015)",
"text": "Her second film with Firth was the British thriller film Before I Go To Sleep, portraying a car crash survivor with brain damage."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Religious and political views",
"text": "During her divorce from Tom Cruise, she stated that she did not want their children raised as Scientologists."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Religious and political views",
"text": "She has been reluctant to discuss Scientology since her divorce."
}
] |
Nicole Kidman parted with her husband because he wasn't going to teach their offspring about lord Xenu and his thetans.
| 0 | 0 |
Nicole Kidman
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Construction | Controversies",
"text": "In 2002, the trust took permission from the charity commissioner to sell this land."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the residence of Indian billionaire Mukesh Ambani and his family, who moved into it in 2012; at 27-storeys, 173 metres (567.585 feet) tall, over 400,000 square feet (37,161 square meters), and with amenities such as three helipads, a 168-car garage, a ballroom, 80-seat theater, terrace gardens, spa, and a temple, the skyscraper-mansion is one of world's largest and most elaborate private homes."
}
] |
B0vzfTygJUSbtf6Hlz8e
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Naming",
"text": "The building is named after the mythical island Antillia."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction | Controversies",
"text": "In 2011 it was reported that Ambani had yet to move into the home, despite its completion, for fear of \"bad luck\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Cost and valuation",
"text": "Antilia is the world's most expensive private home, costing approximately US$2 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Antilia is a private home in the Mumbai City district (South Mumbai) of Mumbai, India."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the residence of Indian billionaire Mukesh Ambani and his family, who moved into it in 2012; at 27-storeys, 173 metres (567.585 feet) tall, over 400,000 square feet (37,161 square meters), and with amenities such as three helipads, a 168-car garage, a ballroom, 80-seat theater, terrace gardens, spa, and a temple, the skyscraper-mansion is one of world's largest and most elaborate private homes."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction | Controversies",
"text": "Ambani then obtained a No Objection Certificate from the Waqf Board after paying ₹1.6 million and began construction."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "The construction was completed by B.E.Billimoria & The construction was completed by B.E.Billimoria & Company Ltd. The home has 27 floors with extra-high ceilings. (Other buildings of equivalent height may have as many as 60 floors.) The home was also designed to survive an earthquake rated 8 on the Richter scale."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "It is considered by some to be the tallest single-family house in the world, but others disqualify the Antilia because it includes space for a staff of 600."
},
{
"section_header": "Public reception",
"text": "Tata Group former chairman Ratan Tata said Antilia is an example of rich Indians' lack of empathy for the poor."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction | Controversies",
"text": "In 2005, this property was purchased by Muffin-Antilla Commercial Private Limited, a commercial entity controlled by Mukesh Ambani, from the Currimbhoy Ebrahim Khoja Trust, in direct contravention of § 51 of the Wakf Act."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction | Controversies",
"text": "In 2002, the trust took permission from the charity commissioner to sell this land."
}
] |
Antilia is home to a billionaire named Ambani.
| 1 | 4 |
Antilia (building)
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy and historical significance",
"text": "According to historian Michael Hicks, the Battle of Bosworth is one of the worst-recorded clashes of the Wars of the Roses."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The exact site of the battle is disputed because of the lack of conclusive data, and memorials have been erected at different locations."
}
] |
B14wgN0xhrtNQTQZ6RFY
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Post-battle",
"text": "The bodies of the fallen were brought to St James Church at Dadlington for burial."
},
{
"section_header": "Battlefield location | Physical site",
"text": "It is maintained by the Fellowship of the White Boar.\" Northwest of Ambion Hill, just across the northern tributary of the Sence, a flag and memorial stone mark Richard's Field."
},
{
"section_header": "Battlefield location | Physical site",
"text": "St James's Church at Dadlington is the only structure in the area that is reliably associated with the Battle of Bosworth; the bodies of those killed in the battle were buried there."
},
{
"section_header": "Battlefield location | Historians' theories",
"text": "Early records associated the Battle of Bosworth with \"Brownehethe\", \"bellum Miravallenses\", \"Sandeford\" and \"Dadlyngton field\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-battle",
"text": "Henry further convinced Parliament to backdate his reign to the day before the battle, enabling him retrospectively to declare as traitors those who had fought against him at Bosworth Field."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The exact site of the battle is disputed because of the lack of conclusive data, and memorials have been erected at different locations."
},
{
"section_header": "Battlefield location | Rediscovered battlefield and possible battle scenario",
"text": "A new interpretation of the battle now integrates the historic accounts with the battlefield finds and landscape history."
},
{
"section_header": "Battlefield location | Historians' theories",
"text": "Holinshed wrote, \"King Richard pitched his field on a hill called Anne Beame, refreshed his soldiers and took his rest.\" Foss believes that Hutton mistook \"field\" to mean \"field of battle\", thus creating the idea that the fight took place on Anne Beame (Ambion) Hill."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and historical significance",
"text": "Ross finds the poem, The Ballad of Bosworth Field, a useful source to ascertain certain details of the battle."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and historical significance",
"text": "Their common complaint is that, except for its outcome, very few details of the battle are found in the chronicles."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and historical significance",
"text": "According to historian Michael Hicks, the Battle of Bosworth is one of the worst-recorded clashes of the Wars of the Roses."
}
] |
The Battle of Bosworth Field is now home to memorials honoring fallen soldiers in the very spot they were killed.
| 0 | 1 |
Battle of Bosworth Field
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is a historical murder mystery set in an Italian monastery in the year 1327, and an intellectual mystery combining semiotics in fiction, biblical analysis, medieval studies, and literary theory."
}
] |
B1caWC1SG7jKEElcijvS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Name of the Rose (Italian: Il nome della rosa [il ˈnoːme della ˈrɔːza]) is the 1980 debut novel by Italian author Umberto Eco."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "In this novel, the lost \"rose\" could be seen as Aristotle's book on comedy (now forever lost), the exquisite library now destroyed, or the beautiful peasant girl now dead."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Music",
"text": "The Name of the Rose (1996), whose eponymous track is loosely based around some of the philosophical concepts of the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "According to nominalism, universals are bare names: there is not a universal rose, only the name rose."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "They chose The Name of the Rose."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Games",
"text": "The novel and original film provided inspiration for aspects of Thief: The Dark Project, and a full mission in its expansion Thief Gold, specifically, monastic orders and the design of the aedificium."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "The Name of the Rose has been described as a work of postmodernism."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "The Name of the Rose \"came to me virtually by chance."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "This text has also been translated as \"Yesterday's rose stands only in name, we hold only empty names."
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions | To actual history and geography",
"text": "Dante Alighieri and his Comedy are mentioned once in passing."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is a historical murder mystery set in an Italian monastery in the year 1327, and an intellectual mystery combining semiotics in fiction, biblical analysis, medieval studies, and literary theory."
}
] |
The 1980 novel The Name of the Rose is a dark romantic comedy.
| 0 | 3 |
The Name of the Rose
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Edwards died in March 1758 and Burr's mother, and grandmother also died within the year, leaving Burr and his sister orphans when he was two years old."
}
] |
B24OxSvTBLmX78NUv5c7
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Children and parenthood",
"text": "Burr also acted as a parent to his two stepsons by his wife's first marriage, and he became a mentor or guardian to several protégés who lived in his home."
},
{
"section_header": "Duel with Alexander Hamilton",
"text": "Burr lost the election to little known Morgan Lewis, in what was the most significant margin of loss in New York's history up to that time."
},
{
"section_header": "Revolutionary War",
"text": "He sent him up the Saint Lawrence River to contact General Richard Montgomery, who had taken Montreal, and escort him to Quebec."
},
{
"section_header": "Children and parenthood | Burr's daughter Theodosia",
"text": "They had a son together, Aaron Burr Alston, who died of fever at age ten."
},
{
"section_header": "Children and parenthood | Adopted and acknowledged children",
"text": "Aaron (né Aaron Burr Columbe) was born in Paris in 1808 and arrived in America around 1815, and Charles was born in 1814.Both of the boys were reputed to be Burr's biological sons."
},
{
"section_header": "Representation in literature and popular culture",
"text": "A 1993 \"Got Milk?\" commercial directed by Michael Bay features a historian obsessed with the study of Aaron Burr—he owns the guns and the bullet from the duel (see Aaron Burr (advertisement))."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Aaron Burr Jr. was born in 1756 in Newark, New Jersey, as the second child of the Reverend Aaron Burr Sr., a Presbyterian minister and second president of the College of New Jersey, which became Princeton University."
},
{
"section_header": "Representation in literature and popular culture",
"text": "My Theodosia (1945) by author Anya Seton is a fictional interpretation about the life of Theodosia Burr, daughter of Aaron Burr."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriage to Theodosia Bartow Prevost",
"text": "Theodosia and Aaron Burr were married in 1782, and they moved to a house on Wall Street in Lower Manhattan."
},
{
"section_header": "Character",
"text": "Aaron Burr was a man of complex character who made many friends, but also many powerful enemies."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Edwards died in March 1758 and Burr's mother, and grandmother also died within the year, leaving Burr and his sister orphans when he was two years old."
}
] |
Aaron Burr grew up with his parents.
| 0 | 0 |
Aaron Burr
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Orion is a prominent constellation located on the celestial equator and visible throughout the world."
}
] |
B265W4mTfFcW30CNvl94
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History and mythology | Asian antiquity",
"text": "In India, Nataraja 'the cosmic dancer' (an avatar of Shiva) is seen in the constellation called Orion."
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics",
"text": "Stars (and thus Orion) are then visible at twilight for a few hours around local noon, low in the North."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Meteor showers",
"text": "as many as 20 meteors per hour can be seen."
},
{
"section_header": "History and mythology | Americas",
"text": "Another Lakota myth mentions that the bottom half of Orion, the Constellation of the Hand, represented the arm of a chief that was ripped off by the Thunder People as a punishment from the gods for his selfishness."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Club",
"text": "Stretching north from Betelgeuse are the stars that make up Orion's club."
},
{
"section_header": "Future",
"text": "Orion lies well south of the ecliptic, and it only happens to lie on the celestial equator because the point on the ecliptic that corresponds to the June solstice is close to the border of Gemini and Taurus, to the north of Orion."
},
{
"section_header": "History and mythology | Ancient Near East",
"text": "Anu being the chief god of the heavenly realms."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Bright stars",
"text": "Mintaka is designated Delta Orionis, despite being the faintest of the three stars in Orion's Belt."
},
{
"section_header": "History and mythology | Contemporary symbolism | In fiction",
"text": "In the movie Blade Runner, the dying replicant Roy Batty introspectively delivers his \"Tears in Rain\" soliloquy: \"I've seen things you people wouldn't believe."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Bright stars",
"text": "It is generally the eleventh brightest star in the night sky, but this has varied between being the tenth brightest to the 23rd brightest by the end of 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Orion is a prominent constellation located on the celestial equator and visible throughout the world."
}
] |
Orion can only be seen in the north half of the globe.
| 0 | 0 |
Orion (constellation)
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Geography, climate, and environment | Wildlife and conservation",
"text": "Altogether, the government owns about 28% of the country's land area, mostly in the western states."
}
] |
B2UlcDtlwAqPTd5xEmTp
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Economy | Income, poverty and wealth",
"text": "The top one percent of income-earners accounted for 52 percent of the income gains from 2009 to 2015, where income is defined as market income excluding government transfers."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Parties and elections",
"text": "In the 116th United States Congress, the House of Representatives is controlled by the Democratic Party and the Senate is controlled by the Republican Party, giving the U.S. a split Congress."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Income, poverty and wealth",
"text": "The rise in the share of total annual income received by the top one percent, which has more than doubled from nine percent in 1976 to 20 percent in 2011, has significantly affected income inequality, leaving the United States with one of the widest income distributions among OECD nations."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Independence and expansion (1776–1865)",
"text": "The expansion was aided by steam power, when steamboats began traveling along America's large water systems, many of which were connected by new canals, such as the Erie and the I&M; then, even faster railroads began their stretch across the nation's land."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography, climate, and environment | Wildlife and conservation",
"text": "Altogether, the government owns about 28% of the country's land area, mostly in the western states."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Political divisions",
"text": "American Indians are U.S. citizens and tribal lands are subject to the jurisdiction of the U.S. Congress and the federal courts."
},
{
"section_header": "History | European settlements",
"text": "As coastal land grew more expensive, freed indentured servants claimed lands further west."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Independence and expansion (1776–1865)",
"text": "The 1846 Oregon Treaty with Britain led to U.S. control of the present-day American Northwest."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Civil War and Reconstruction era",
"text": "Southern white Democrats, calling themselves \"Redeemers,\" took control of the South after the end of Reconstruction."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Science and technology",
"text": "The Wright brothers, in 1903, made the first sustained and controlled heavier-than-air powered flight."
}
] |
The government only controls forty percent of America's lands.
| 0 | 0 |
America
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Though he is Harry's trusted friend, Bugsy has no choice but to kill him."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Virginia is told the news in Las Vegas and knows her own days could be numbered."
}
] |
B2atF58U0rmG6tC648Na
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Bugsy is a 1991 American biographical film directed by Barry Levinson which tells the story of mobster Bugsy Siegel and his relationship with Virginia Hill."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Later that night, Bugsy is shot and killed in his home."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Though he is Harry's trusted friend, Bugsy has no choice but to kill him."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "We Only Kill Each Other. The film was nominated for ten Oscars at the 64th Academy Awards, winning two for Best Art Direction-Set Decoration and Best Costume Design."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "He obtains $1 million in funding from lifelong friend Lansky and other New York mobsters, reminding them that in Nevada, gambling is legal."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Film critic Roger Ebert gave the film four of four stars, saying \"Bugsy moves with a lightness that belies its strength."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists: 2003: AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains: Bugsy Siegel –"
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Beatty's desire to make and star in a film about Bugsy Siegel can be traced all the way back to the late 1970s and early 1980s."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "The film was nominated for the Golden Bear at the 42nd Berlin International Film Festival."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Portions of the film were shot in the Coachella Valley,"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Virginia is told the news in Las Vegas and knows her own days could be numbered."
}
] |
The film Bugsy is about a mobster who kills his lover.
| 2 | 3 |
Bugsy
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The ribosomes and associated molecules are also known as the translational apparatus."
}
] |
B3Z9ZBpp8R52ckjgDXv4
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ribosomes () are macromolecular machines, found within all living cells, that perform biological protein synthesis (mRNA translation)."
},
{
"section_header": "Function",
"text": "Ribosomes can be found floating within the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum."
},
{
"section_header": "Function | Translation",
"text": "Protein synthesis begins at a start codon AUG near the 5' end of the mRNA."
},
{
"section_header": "Heterogeneous ribosomes",
"text": "most mRNA modifications are found in highly conserved regions."
},
{
"section_header": "Ribosome locations | Free ribosomes",
"text": "Proteins that are formed from free ribosomes are released into the cytosol and used within the cell."
},
{
"section_header": "Function | Translation",
"text": "Ribosomes are the workplaces of protein biosynthesis, the process of translating mRNA into protein."
},
{
"section_header": "Heterogeneous ribosomes",
"text": "Ribosomes are compositionally heterogeneous between species and even within the same cell, as evidenced by the existence of cytoplasmic and mitochondria ribosomes within the same eukaryotic cells."
},
{
"section_header": "Function | Translation | Cotranslational folding",
"text": "The ribosome is known to actively participate in the protein folding."
},
{
"section_header": "Ribosome locations | Membrane-bound ribosomes",
"text": "Bound ribosomes usually produce proteins that are used within the plasma membrane or are expelled from the cell via exocytosis."
},
{
"section_header": "Biogenesis",
"text": "In eukaryotes, the process takes place both in the cell cytoplasm and in the nucleolus, which is a region within the cell nucleus."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The ribosomes and associated molecules are also known as the translational apparatus."
}
] |
Ribosomes are macromolecular machines, found within all living cells, that perform biological protein synthesis (mRNA translation) and are also known as transplants enchants.
| 0 | 0 |
Ribosome
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The work presents a great writer suffering writer's block who visits Venice and is liberated, uplifted, and then increasingly obsessed, by the sight of a stunningly beautiful youth."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tadzio, the boy in the story, is the nickname for the Polish name Tadeusz and based on a boy Mann had seen during his visit to Venice in 1911."
}
] |
B3ebNkA4P4RWqkQGzL1x
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Translations",
"text": "It was first published in book form in English in 1925 as Death in Venice and Other Stories, translated by Kenneth Burke."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tadzio, the boy in the story, is the nickname for the Polish name Tadeusz and based on a boy Mann had seen during his visit to Venice in 1911."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Over the next days and weeks, Aschenbach's interest in the beautiful boy develops into an obsession."
},
{
"section_header": "The real Tadzio",
"text": "Mann's wife Katia (in a 1974 book) recalls that the idea for the story came during an actual vacation in Venice (staying at the Grand Hôtel des Bains on the Lido), which she and Thomas took in the summer of 1911: All the details of the story, beginning with the man at the cemetery, are taken from experience…"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Benjamin Britten transformed Death in Venice into an opera, his last, in 1973."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins",
"text": "The May 1911 death of composer Gustav Mahler in Vienna and Mann's interest in the boy Władzio during summer 1911 vacation in Venice (more below) were additional experiences occupying his thoughts."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "A film of Death in Venice starring Dirk Bogarde was made by Luchino Visconti in 1971."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The work presents a great writer suffering writer's block who visits Venice and is liberated, uplifted, and then increasingly obsessed, by the sight of a stunningly beautiful youth."
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions",
"text": "The trope of placing classical deities in contemporary settings was popular at the time when Mann was writing Death in Venice."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Death in Venice is a novella written by the German author Thomas Mann and was first published in 1912 as Der Tod in Venedig."
}
] |
Death in Venice is a story about a man and his obsession with a boy.
| 1 | 5 |
Death in Venice
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "His best offensive season came in 1914 with the Hoosiers, when he scored 107 runs, batted .304 and stole 47 bases."
}
] |
B3rEzpBIvCeM6taZGVeu
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Managing career | Cincinnati Reds and later career",
"text": "In the following year, the Reds managed to improve, winning 100 games (a team first) while winning the NL once again, this time by 12 games over the Brooklyn Dodgers."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career | Newark Peppers",
"text": "In 1913, McKechnie had his worst season as a full-time player, batting only .134."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "In 846 games over 11 major league seasons, McKechnie posted a .251 batting average (713-for-2843) with 319 runs, 8 home runs, 240 RBI, 127 stolen bases and 190 bases on balls."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": ", McKechnie played with the Pirates (1907, 1910–12, 1918, 1920), Boston Braves (1913), New York Yankees (1913), Indianapolis Hoosiers/"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Bill McKechnie Jr.'s son Bill III was born April 20, 1940, and died of cancer in Florida on June 17, 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career | Pittsburgh Pirates",
"text": "McKechnie was fired after the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "His best offensive season came in 1914 with the Hoosiers, when he scored 107 runs, batted .304 and stole 47 bases."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "A utility infielder for the first half of his career before playing more substantially at third base later on"
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Defensively, he recorded an overall .954 fielding percentage playing at third, second, first base and shortstop."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career | Cincinnati Reds and later career",
"text": "According to one baseball reference work, McKechnie had a poor sense of direction, which did not improve when, as the Reds' manager, he began traveling by plane."
}
] |
Bill McKechnie once ran around the official square dirt path over one hundred times in a single season of paid sports playing.
| 0 | 0 |
Bill McKechnie
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "In 2017, the Census Bureau estimated that the racial composition of the city was 41.3% Black (non-Hispanic), 34.9% White (non-Hispanic), 14.1% Hispanic or Latino, 7.1% Asian, 0.4% Native American, 0.05% Pacific Islander, and 2.8% multiracial."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "* * 2017 figures are estimates The 2010 Census redistricting data indicated that the racial makeup of the city was 644,287 (42.2%) Black (non-Hispanic), 562,585 (36.9%) White (non-Hispanic), 96,405 (6.3%) Asian (2.0%"
}
] |
B428yKUH00OVuiV0gpdv
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "In 2010, the Census Bureau reported that 1,468,623 people (96.2% of the population) lived in households, 38,007 (2.5%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 19,376 (1.3%) were institutionalized."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Music",
"text": "The city also hosted the Live 8 concert, which attracted about 700,000 people to the Benjamin Franklin Parkway on July 2, 2005."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In 1816, the city's free black community founded the African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME), the first independent black denomination in the country, and the first black Episcopal Church."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Immigration and cultural diversity",
"text": "The Black American population in Philadelphia is the third-largest in the country, after New York City and Chicago."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "The city reported 34.1 percent of all households were individuals living alone, while 10.5 percent had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "I unrest, as recent immigrants competed with blacks for jobs."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Iroquois people occasionally fought the Lenape."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The free black community also established many schools for its children, with the help of Quakers."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In 1793, the largest yellow fever epidemic in U.S. history killed approximately 4,000 to 5,000 people in Philadelphia, or about 10% of the city's population."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "According to the 2019 United States Census Bureau estimate, there were 1,584,064 people residing in Philadelphia, representing a 3.8% increase from the 2010 census."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "In 2017, the Census Bureau estimated that the racial composition of the city was 41.3% Black (non-Hispanic), 34.9% White (non-Hispanic), 14.1% Hispanic or Latino, 7.1% Asian, 0.4% Native American, 0.05% Pacific Islander, and 2.8% multiracial."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "* * 2017 figures are estimates The 2010 Census redistricting data indicated that the racial makeup of the city was 644,287 (42.2%) Black (non-Hispanic), 562,585 (36.9%) White (non-Hispanic), 96,405 (6.3%) Asian (2.0%"
}
] |
Most of the people living in Philadelphia are black.
| 0 | 0 |
Philadelphia
|
Technology
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Formats and technologies",
"text": "Sony has historically been notable for creating its own in-house standards for new recording and storage technologies, instead of adopting those of other manufacturers and standards bodies."
}
] |
B4FYB9PNBq8ipVHIMwIA
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Business units | Electronics | Sony Mobile Communications",
"text": "Despite their innovations, SMC faced intense competition from Apple's iPhone which released in 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Business units | Electronics | Video",
"text": "The company then introduced the BRAVIA name."
},
{
"section_header": "Business units | Electronics | Video",
"text": "Sony stopped production of Trinitron for most markets, but continued producing sets for markets such as Pakistan, Bangladesh and China."
},
{
"section_header": "Business units | Electronics | Computing",
"text": "Sony entered again into the global computer market under the new VAIO brand, began in 1996."
},
{
"section_header": "Business units | Electronics | Computing",
"text": "As of 2018, Sony maintained a 5% stake in the new, independent company."
},
{
"section_header": "Business units | Electronics | Computing",
"text": "Since 2012, Sony's Android products have been marketed under the Xperia brand used for its smartphones."
},
{
"section_header": "Business units | Entertainment | Sony Pictures Entertainment",
"text": "Sony entered the television and film production market when it acquired Columbia Pictures Entertainment in 1989 for $3.4 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate information | Finances",
"text": "The company encountered financial difficulty in the mid- to late-2000s due to a number of factors: the global financial crisis, increased competition for PlayStation, and the devastating Japanese earthquake of 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Globalization",
"text": "Known for its production quality, Sony was able to charge above-market prices for its consumer electronics and resisted lowering prices."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Globalization",
"text": "According to Schiffer, Sony's TR-63 radio \"cracked open the U.S. market and launched the new industry of consumer microelectronics."
},
{
"section_header": "Formats and technologies",
"text": "Sony has historically been notable for creating its own in-house standards for new recording and storage technologies, instead of adopting those of other manufacturers and standards bodies."
}
] |
Sony is an innovative company, introducing new products to the competitive market.
| 2 | 7 |
Sony
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Anne of Green Gables is a 1908 novel by Canadian author Lucy Maud Montgomery (published as L.M. Montgomery)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set in the late 19th century, the novel recounts the adventures of Anne Shirley, an 11-year-old orphan girl, who is mistakenly sent to two middle-aged siblings, Matthew and Marilla Cuthbert, who had originally intended to adopt a boy to help them on their farm in the fictional town of Avonlea on Prince Edward Island, Canada."
}
] |
B4kNHSHnZaWfeOxjDxh9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Characters | Green Gables household",
"text": "Anne's bleak early childhood was spent being shuttled from orphanage to foster homes, caring for younger children."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television films and episodic series (live action)",
"text": "Anne of Green Gables: The Continuing Story (2000), a sequel to the 1985 television miniseries not based on the novels."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Written for all ages, it has been considered a classic children's novel since the mid-twentieth century."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Web productions",
"text": "Project Green Gables (2015–2016), a Finnish web series and a modern adaptation of Anne of Green Gables, which conveys the story in the form of vlogs."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television films and episodic series (live action)",
"text": "Anne of Green Gables: The Sequel (1987), a sequel to the 1985 miniseries which aired on CBC and the Disney Channel as Anne of Avonlea: The Continuing Story of Anne of Green Gables."
},
{
"section_header": "Tourism and merchandising",
"text": "' Anne' is revered as \"an icon\" in Japan, especially since 1979 when this story was broadcast as anime, Anne of Green Gables."
},
{
"section_header": "Related works",
"text": "The prequel, Before Green Gables (2008), was written by Budge Wilson with authorization of heirs of L. M. Montgomery."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Films (theatrical)",
"text": "The 1919 film version moved the story from Prince Edward Island to New England, which one American critic—unaware that the novel was set in Canada—praised for \"the genuine New England atmosphere called for by the story\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Literature",
"text": "Ana of California: A Novel (2015), by Andi Teran, is a \"contemporary spin on Anne of Green Gables."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television films and episodic series (live action)",
"text": "Anne of Green Gables: A New Beginning (2008), a prequel to the 1985 television miniseries not based on the novels."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Anne of Green Gables is a 1908 novel by Canadian author Lucy Maud Montgomery (published as L.M. Montgomery)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set in the late 19th century, the novel recounts the adventures of Anne Shirley, an 11-year-old orphan girl, who is mistakenly sent to two middle-aged siblings, Matthew and Marilla Cuthbert, who had originally intended to adopt a boy to help them on their farm in the fictional town of Avonlea on Prince Edward Island, Canada."
}
] |
The novel Anne of Green Gables was written for adults because of the telling of a sad childhood, yet children are drawn to the story.
| 0 | 0 |
Anne of Green Gables
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Van Buren was born into a family of Dutch Americans in Kinderhook, New York; he was the first President to have been born after the American Revolution — in which his father served as a Patriot — and is the only President to speak English as a second language."
}
] |
B4s3uzcIy2kxFuLhNjYT
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Jackson administration | Secretary of State",
"text": "He reached an agreement with the British to open trade with the British West Indies colonies and concluded a treaty with the Ottoman Empire that gained American merchants access to the Black Sea."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency, 1837–1841 | Britain",
"text": "To settle the crisis, Van Buren met with the British minister to the United States, and Van Buren and the minister agreed to resolve the border issue diplomatically."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "By American law, he was the first U.S. president not born a British subject, nor of British ancestry."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency, 1837–1841 | Britain",
"text": "Considerable sentiment arose within the United States to declare war, and a British ship was burned in revenge."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Martin Van Buren ( van BEWR-ən; born Maarten Van Buren; December 5, 1782 – July 24, 1862) was an American statesman who served as the eighth president of the United States from 1837 to 1841."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials and popular culture",
"text": "Also, in an episode of The Monkees, \"Dance, Monkee, Dance\", a dance instruction studio offers free lessons to anyone who can answer the question, \"Who was the eighth president of the United States?\" Martin Van Buren appears at the studio to claim the prize."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Historical reputation",
"text": "As noted in a 2014 Time magazine article on the \"Top 10 Forgettable Presidents\": Making himself nearly disappear completely from the history books was probably not the trick the \"Little Magician\" Martin Van Buren had in mind, but his was the first truly forgettable American presidency."
},
{
"section_header": "Jackson administration | Vice-presidency",
"text": "As Vice President, Van Buren continued to be one of Jackson's primary advisors and confidants, and accompanied Jackson on his tour of the northeastern United States in 1833."
},
{
"section_header": "Early political career | Entry into national politics",
"text": "In February 1821, the state legislature elected Van Buren to represent New York in the United States Senate."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A founder of the Democratic Party, he had previously served as the ninth governor of New York, the tenth United States secretary of state, and the eighth vice president of the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Van Buren was born into a family of Dutch Americans in Kinderhook, New York; he was the first President to have been born after the American Revolution — in which his father served as a Patriot — and is the only President to speak English as a second language."
}
] |
Martin Van Buren was the first president of the United States to not have been alive while the 13 colonies was fighting for independence from the British.
| 3 | 5 |
Martin Van Buren
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He began a career as a banker, but an emergency appendectomy caused him to re-evaluate his life, and in 1920, he began working as an \"extra\" in movies made in New York City, using a shortened form of his mother's maiden name."
}
] |
B5JyDCbeTUTmRjD9i3o3
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Following surgery for prostate cancer in 1970, it seemed his career was over; yet, he managed to give one last performance in The Iceman Cometh (1973), as the complicated Irish saloon keeper, Harry Hope."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In the 1960s, March's film career continued with a performance as President Jordan Lyman in the political thriller Seven Days in May (1964), in which he co-starred with Burt Lancaster, Kirk Douglas, and Edmond O'Brien; the part earned March a Golden Globe nomination as Best Actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "On March 25, 1954, March co-hosted the 26th Annual Academy Awards ceremony from New York City, with co-host Donald O'Connor in Los Angeles."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "March also played one of two leads in The Desperate Hours (1955) with Humphrey Bogart."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "March resisted signing long-term contracts with the studios, enabling him to play roles in films from a variety of studios."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Bogart and Spencer Tracy had both insisted upon top billing, and Tracy withdrew, leaving the part available for March."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1957, March was awarded the George Eastman Award, given by George Eastman House for \"distinguished contribution to the art of film\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "The recordings were narrated by Charles Collingwood, with March and his wife Florence Eldridge performing dramatic readings from historical documents and literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "March's neighbor in Connecticut, playwright Arthur Miller, was thought to favor March to inaugurate the part of Willy Loman in the Pulitzer Prize-winning Death of a Salesman (1949)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Like Laurence Olivier, March had a rare protean quality to his acting that allowed him to assume almost any persona convincingly, from Robert Browning to William Jennings Bryan to Dr Jekyll - or Mr. Hyde."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He began a career as a banker, but an emergency appendectomy caused him to re-evaluate his life, and in 1920, he began working as an \"extra\" in movies made in New York City, using a shortened form of his mother's maiden name."
}
] |
Frederic March changed his plans for his career after he had surgery for a problem appendix.
| 0 | 0 |
Fredric March
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In January 2010, he declared he was cancer-free."
}
] |
B5OTQKkgS8dIw4vL1frB
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Other works",
"text": "He was however still credited for the unused song in the show's opening titles."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In January 2010, he declared he was cancer-free."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In late 2009, Lloyd Webber had surgery for early-stage prostate cancer, but had to be readmitted to hospital with post-operative infection in November."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | 1980s",
"text": "It became a hit and is still running in both the West End and on Broadway; in January 2006 it overtook Lloyd Webber's Cats as the longest running show on Broadway."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is involved in a number of charitable activities, including the Elton John AIDS Foundation, Nordoff Robbins, Prostate Cancer UK and War Child."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | 2000s",
"text": "Garnering mixed reviews from critics, due in part to the frequent absences of the show's star Maria Friedman due to breast cancer treatment, it closed only a brief three months later on 19 February 2006.Lloyd Webber produced a staging of The Sound of Music, which débuted November 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | 1980s",
"text": "Lloyd Webber was the subject of This"
},
{
"section_header": "Accusations of plagiarism",
"text": "Lloyd Webber has been accused of plagiarism in his works."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Lloyd Webber has been married three times."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They have three children, two sons and one daughter, all of whom were born in Westminster: Alastair Adam Lloyd Webber (born 3 May 1992) William Richard Lloyd Webber (born 24 August 1993) Isabella Aurora Lloyd Webber (born 30 April 1996).Lloyd Webber and his third wife"
}
] |
Webber is still battling with cancer.
| 0 | 4 |
Andrew Lloyd-Webber
|
Sports
| 8 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After retiring as a player, Manush was a minor league manager from 1940 to 1945, a scout for the Boston Braves in the late 1940s and a coach for the Senators from 1953 to 1954."
}
] |
B5YECyJu3UJJ6ww4folW
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Minor league player and manager",
"text": "In 1944, he served as manager of the Scranton Miners in the Eastern League, and in 1945 he became manager of the Martinsville A's in the Carolina League."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After retiring as a player, Manush was a minor league manager from 1940 to 1945, a scout for the Boston Braves in the late 1940s and a coach for the Senators from 1953 to 1954."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Minor league player and manager",
"text": "Manush spent the next five years as a player-manager in the Piedmont League for the Rocky Mount Red Sox in 1940, the Greensboro Red Sox in 1941 and 1942, the Roanoke Red Sox in 1943."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Minor league player and manager",
"text": "In October 1954, after Chuck Dressen was hired as the Senators' new manager, Manush was dismissed by the Senators."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Minor league player and manager",
"text": "On June 12, 1939, Manush signed with the Toronto Maple Leafs, with whom he played for most of the 1938 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Minor league player and manager",
"text": "Manush scouted for the Boston Braves until 1948, then served as a coach for the Senators during the 1953 and 1954 seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Minor league player and manager",
"text": "He appeared in 66 games for Toronto and compiled a batting average of only .241."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Minor league player and manager",
"text": "He later scouted for the expansion Washington Senators in 1961-62."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Boston, Brooklyn and Pittsburgh",
"text": "He became the Dodgers' starting right fielder in 1937, and in his first season facing National League pitching, Manush compiled a .333 batting average, ninth highest in the league."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Minor leagues",
"text": "Moving to the Edmonton Eskimos in the Western Canada League in 1921, Manush hit .321 in 83 games."
}
] |
Manush became a minor league manager after retiring as a player.
| 3 | 8 |
Heinie Manush
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Benjamin Harrison (August 20, 1833 – March 13, 1901) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 23rd president of the United States from 1889 to 1893."
}
] |
B6DxGSYBev2M7ClAqwHx
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was also a great-grandson of Benjamin Harrison V, a founding father who signed the United States Declaration of Independence."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Benjamin Harrison (August 20, 1833 – March 13, 1901) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 23rd president of the United States from 1889 to 1893."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical reputation and memorials",
"text": "In 1908, the people of Indianapolis erected the Benjamin Harrison memorial statue, created by Charles Niehaus and Henry Bacon, in honor of Harrison's lifetime achievements as military leader, U.S. Senator, and President of the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency 1889–1893 | Judicial appointments",
"text": "Harrison appointed four justices to the Supreme Court of the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency 1889–1893 | Foreign policy | Latin America and Samoa",
"text": "In San Francisco, while on tour of the United States in 1891, Harrison proclaimed that the United States was in a \"new epoch\" of trade and that the expanding navy would protect oceanic shipping and increase American influence and prestige abroad."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency 1889–1893 | Foreign policy | Latin America and Samoa",
"text": "In 1889, the United States, the United Kingdom, and the German Empire were locked in a dispute over control of the Samoan Islands."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency 1889–1893 | Inauguration and cabinet",
"text": "In his speech, Benjamin Harrison credited the nation's growth to the influences of education and religion, urged the cotton states and mining territories to attain the industrial proportions of the eastern states and promised a protective tariff."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency 1889–1893 | Foreign policy | Crises in Aleutian Islands and Chile",
"text": "As a result, the United States Navy seized several Canadian ships."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency and death",
"text": "Harrison had been elected a companion of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States in 1882, and was elected as commander (president) of the Ohio Commandery on May 3, 1893."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency and death",
"text": "Benjamin and Mary had one child together, Elizabeth (February 21, 1897 – December 26, 1955).In 1898, Harrison served as an attorney for the Republic of Venezuela in their British Guiana boundary dispute with the United Kingdom."
}
] |
Benjamin Harrison is the 22nd president of the United States.
| 0 | 0 |
Benjamin Harrison
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Originally published under the pseudonym \"Victoria Lucas\" in 1963, the novel is semi-autobiographical, with the names of places and people changed."
}
] |
B7vX7XHMrvd81BokeBMh
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Bell Jar is the only novel written by the American writer and poet Sylvia Plath."
},
{
"section_header": "Parallels between Plath's life and the novel",
"text": "Plath's husband has at one point insinuated that The Bell Jar might have been written as a response to many years of electroshock treatment and the scars it left."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "According to her husband, Plath began writing the novel in 1961, after publishing The Colossus, her first collection of poetry."
},
{
"section_header": "Style and major themes | Mental health",
"text": "However, when considering the nature of Sylvia Plath's own life and death and the parallels between The Bell Jar and her life, it is hard to ignore the theme of mental illness."
},
{
"section_header": "Style and major themes | Mental health",
"text": "Throughout the novel, Esther talks of this bell jar suffocating her and recognizes moments of clarity when the bell jar is lifted."
},
{
"section_header": "Parallels between Plath's life and the novel",
"text": "The woman claimed that Plath had put so many details of the students' lives into The Bell Jar that \"they could never look at each other again,\" and that it had caused the breakup of her marriage and possibly others."
},
{
"section_header": "Style and major themes",
"text": "The novel is written using a series of flashbacks that show up parts of Esther's past."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and adaptations",
"text": "Iris Jamahl Dunkle wrote of the novel that \"often, when the novel appears in American films and television series, it stands as a symbol for teenage angst.\"Larry"
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "Plath was writing the novel under the sponsorship of the Eugene F. Saxton Fellowship, affiliated with publisher Harper & Row, but it was disappointed by the manuscript and withdrew, calling it \"disappointing, juvenile and overwrought."
},
{
"section_header": "Style and major themes | Mental health",
"text": "Esther Greenwood, the main character in The Bell Jar, describes her life as being suffocated by a bell jar."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Originally published under the pseudonym \"Victoria Lucas\" in 1963, the novel is semi-autobiographical, with the names of places and people changed."
}
] |
The Bell Jar is the only novel written by the American writer and poet Sylvia Plath and published by Susan B. Anthony.
| 0 | 0 |
The Bell Jar
|
Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "That year, at the age of 26, he was awarded a PhD by the University of Zurich."
}
] |
B8koe1k1ysJ4eSz7b7AG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "That year, at the age of 26, he was awarded a PhD by the University of Zurich."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Patent office | First scientific papers",
"text": "As a result, Einstein was awarded a PhD by the University of Zürich, with his dissertation A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "Einstein received numerous awards and honors, and in 1922, he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics \"for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "None of the nominations in 1921 met the criteria set by Alfred Nobel, so the 1921 prize was carried forward and awarded to Einstein in 1922."
},
{
"section_header": "Scientific career | Special relativity",
"text": "\"On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies\") was received on 30 June 1905 and published 26 September of that same year."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life and education",
"text": "Einstein always excelled at math and physics from a young age, reaching a mathematical level years ahead of his peers."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life and education",
"text": "The Einsteins were non-observant Ashkenazi Jews, and Albert attended a Catholic elementary school in Munich, from the age of 5, for three years."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life and education",
"text": "Einstein's future wife, a 20-year-old Serbian woman Mileva Marić, also enrolled at the polytechnic school that year."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Personal life | Love of music",
"text": "However, he did not enjoy it at that age."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was invited to teach theoretical physics at the University of Bern in 1908 and the following year moved to the University of Zurich, then in 1911 to Charles University in Prague before returning to the Federal Polytechnic School in Zürich in 1912."
}
] |
At the age of 30 years old, he was awarded a PhD by the University of Geneva.
| 1 | 4 |
Albert Einstein
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Vice President Richard M. Nixon chose Lodge as his running mate in the 1960 presidential election, but the Republican ticket lost the election."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | Later career",
"text": "In 1969, when his former running mate Richard M. Nixon finally became President, he was appointed by President Nixon to serve as head of the American delegation at the Paris peace negotiations, and he served occasionally as personal representative of the President to the Holy See from 1970 to 1977."
}
] |
B9QHAIEHlaCfmx6dWL0p
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Political career | \"Walking for President\"",
"text": "Footage of former President Eisenhower endorsing Lodge for vice president in 1960 was used in TV commercials and portrayed as Eisenhower endorsing Lodge for president."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. (July 5, 1902 – February 27, 1985), sometimes referred to as Henry Cabot Lodge II, was a Republican United States Senator from Massachusetts in both Senate seats in non-consecutive terms of service and a United States ambassador."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | 1960 Vice Presidential campaign",
"text": "Lodge left the UN ambassadorship turning over his seat to Deputy Chief Jerry Wadsworth during the election of 1960 to run for Vice President on the Republican ticket headed by Richard Nixon, against Lodge's old foe, John F. Kennedy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Vice President Richard M. Nixon chose Lodge as his running mate in the 1960 presidential election, but the Republican ticket lost the election."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was considered as a running mate, most significantly in 1952 by Dwight Eisenhower and then largely due to Ike’s advice and encouragement ended up being chosen the Republican nominee for Vice President in the 1960 presidential election alongside incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | Ambassador to South Vietnam",
"text": "Dinh told the press conference: \"I have defeated Henry Cabot Lodge."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He continued to represent the United States in various countries under President Lyndon B. Johnson, President Nixon, and President Gerald Ford."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | Later career",
"text": "In 1969, when his former running mate Richard M. Nixon finally became President, he was appointed by President Nixon to serve as head of the American delegation at the Paris peace negotiations, and he served occasionally as personal representative of the President to the Holy See from 1970 to 1977."
},
{
"section_header": "Books",
"text": "Richardson, Elliot \"Henry Cabot Lodge\" pages 149-152 from Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They had two children: George Cabot Lodge II (b. 1927) and Henry Sears Lodge (1930-2017)."
}
] |
Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. was Vice President for President Nixon.
| 0 | 0 |
Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.
|
Popular Culture
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "However, Zwick disliked Norman's screenplay and hired the playwright Tom Stoppard to improve it (Stoppard's first major success had been with the Shakespeare-themed play Rosencrantz and Guildenstern"
}
] |
BB12pVf8jRYPDoyKpIag
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "References to Elizabethan literature",
"text": "His plays (The Duchess of Malfi, The White Devil) are known for their 'blood and gore', which is humorously referred to by the child saying that he enjoys Titus Andronicus, and also saying of Romeo and Juliet, when asked his opinion by the Queen, \"I liked it when she stabbed herself."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Norman wrote a draft screenplay which he presented to director Edward Zwick, which attracted Julia Roberts, who agreed to play Viola."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Shakespeare in Love was among 1999's box office number-one films in the United Kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot precedents and similarities",
"text": "The film's plot can claim a tradition in fiction reaching back to Alexandre Duval's \"Shakespeare amoureux ou la Piece a l'Etude\" (1804), in which Shakespeare falls in love with an actress who is playing Richard III.The writers of Shakespeare in Love were sued in 1999 by bestselling author Faye Kellerman."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "However, Zwick disliked Norman's screenplay and hired the playwright Tom Stoppard to improve it (Stoppard's first major success had been with the Shakespeare-themed play Rosencrantz and Guildenstern"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Best Picture Oscar controversy",
"text": "In recent years, many have considered the film as one of the worst films to win Best Picture."
},
{
"section_header": "References to Elizabethan literature",
"text": "This is a reference to the fact that several versions of Shakespeare's signature exist, and in each one he spelled his name differently."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage adaptation",
"text": "Based on the film screenplay by Norman and Stoppard, it was adapted for the stage by Lee Hall."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "The production went into turnaround, and Zwick was unable to persuade other studios to take up the screenplay."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Eventually, Zwick got Miramax interested in the screenplay, but Miramax chose John Madden as director."
}
] |
One of the authors of the screenplay was known for writing plays.
| 3 | 7 |
Shakespeare in Love
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Education and family",
"text": "He graduated from St. Xavier High School in Cincinnati in 1949 and received a bachelor's degree in economics from Xavier University in 1953.In 1952,"
}
] |
BB2DOIUpweQlLzerHUcA
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Jim Bunning Foundation",
"text": "At the time of Bunning's death, Tony Clark, then serving as MLBPA's executive director, praised Bunning's union activities: \"Recognizing the need to ensure that all players receive fair representation in their dealings with major league club owners, Jim, along with a number of his peers, helped pave the way for generations of players.\" On December 18, 2008, the Lexington Herald Leader reported that Sen. Bunning's non-profit foundation, the Jim Bunning Foundation, has given less than 25 percent of its proceeds to charity."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | Second Senate term",
"text": "... is that I believe we should pay for it. ... There are going to be other bills brought to this floor that are not going to be paid for, and I'm going to object every time they do it."
},
{
"section_header": "Jim Bunning Foundation",
"text": "Bunning Foundation board members include his wife Mary, and Cincinnati tire dealer Bob Sumerel."
},
{
"section_header": "Jim Bunning Foundation",
"text": "In 2008, records indicate that Bunning attended 10 baseball shows around the country and signed autographs, generating $61,631 in income for the charity."
},
{
"section_header": "Jim Bunning Foundation",
"text": "The charity has taken in $504,000 since 1996, according to Senate and tax records; during that period, Senator Bunning was paid $180,000 in salary by the foundation while working a reported one hour per week."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | Aborted 2010 re-election campaign",
"text": "\"Why else would he tell his main rival to prepare for a run?\" However, Bunning said at a Lincoln Day dinner in Kentucky on 9 May that he still planned to run: \"The battle is going to be long, but I am prepared to fight for my values."
},
{
"section_header": "Education and family",
"text": "Jim and Mary Catherine also have 35 grandchildren and 14 great-grandchildren, as of 2013."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | Second Senate term",
"text": "The bill passed without any Republican votes, 60–39.On February 25, 2010, Bunning objected to a proposal of unanimous consent for an extension of unemployment insurance, COBRA, and other federal programs, citing that this extension was not pay-as-you-go."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | Aborted 2010 re-election campaign",
"text": "He also attacked NRSC Chairman John Cornyn: The NRSC never helped me last time and they're probably not going to help me this time ... [David Williams] owes me $30,000 and he said he'll repay me."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | First Senate term",
"text": "He was ranked by National Journal as the second-most conservative United States Senator in their March 2007 conservative/liberal rankings, after Sen. Jim DeMint (R-SC).."
},
{
"section_header": "Education and family",
"text": "He graduated from St. Xavier High School in Cincinnati in 1949 and received a bachelor's degree in economics from Xavier University in 1953.In 1952,"
}
] |
Jim Bunning did go to college.
| 0 | 0 |
Jim Bunning
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Nostromo is set in the South American country of Costaguana, and more specifically in that country's Occidental Province and its port city of Sulaco."
}
] |
BB3H92o1GmLFaJK6ddjp
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Though Costaguana is a fictional nation, its geography as described in the book resembles real-life Colombia."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV or theatrical adaptations",
"text": "In 1996, a television adaptation Nostromo was produced."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV or theatrical adaptations",
"text": "It starred Claudio Amendola as Nostromo, and Colin Firth as Señor Gould."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Nostromo is an Italian expatriate who has risen to his position through his bravery and daring exploits. (\"Nostromo\" is Italian for \"shipmate\" or \"boatswain\", but the name could also be considered a corruption of the Italian phrase \"nostro uomo\" or \"nostr'uomo\", meaning \"our man\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The fate of Decoud is a mystery to Nostromo, which combined with the fact of the missing silver ingots"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Nostromo and Decoud manage to save the silver by putting the lighter ashore on Great Isabel."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "His exploits during the revolution do not bring Nostromo the fame he had hoped for, and he feels slighted and used."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The ever resourceful Nostromo manages to have a close acquaintance, the widower Giorgio Viola, named as its keeper."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters",
"text": "; she is in love with Nostromo Giselle Viola – the youngest daughter of Teresa and Giorgio"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Accompanied by the young journalist Martin Decoud, Nostromo sets off to smuggle the silver out of Sulaco."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Nostromo is set in the South American country of Costaguana, and more specifically in that country's Occidental Province and its port city of Sulaco."
}
] |
Nostromo happens in the nation of Peru.
| 0 | 0 |
Nostromo
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Les Misérables (, French: [le mizeʁabl(ə)]) is a French historical novel by Victor Hugo, first published in 1862, that is considered one of the greatest novels of the 19th century."
}
] |
BB7CODphC7kyNi8iSi2E
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Les Misérables (, French: [le mizeʁabl(ə)]) is a French historical novel by Victor Hugo, first published in 1862, that is considered one of the greatest novels of the 19th century."
},
{
"section_header": "English translations",
"text": "Charles E. Wilbour. New York: Carleton Publishing Company, June 1862."
},
{
"section_header": "Hugo's sources",
"text": "Victor Hugo drew his inspiration from everything he heard and saw, writing it down in his diary."
},
{
"section_header": "Contemporary reception",
"text": "Hugo forbade his publishers from summarizing his story and refused to authorize the publication of excerpts in advance of publication."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | The narrator",
"text": "Hugo does not give the narrator a name and allows the reader to identify the narrator with the novel's author."
},
{
"section_header": "English translations",
"text": "Published by West and Johnston publishers."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel form",
"text": "Hugo explained his ambitions for the novel to his Italian publisher: I don't know whether it will be read by everyone, but it is meant for everyone."
},
{
"section_header": "Contemporary reception",
"text": "The appearance of the novel was a highly anticipated event as Victor Hugo was considered one of France's foremost poets in the middle of the nineteenth century."
},
{
"section_header": "Contemporary reception",
"text": "The remaining volumes appeared on 15 May 1862."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Sequels",
"text": "The former has been published in an English translation."
}
] |
It was published in 1862 by Victor Hugo and has many alternative names.
| 3 | 7 |
Les Misérables
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Presidency, 1837–1841 | Presidential election of 1840",
"text": "They threw such jabs as \"Van, Van, is a used-up man\" and \"Martin Van Ruin\" and ridiculed him in newspapers and cartoons."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1840, a surge of new voters — who nicknamed him \"Martin Van Ruin\" — helped turn out of office."
}
] |
BBBym1qt3JErBtU273Gv
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials and popular culture",
"text": "Van Buren's home in Kinderhook, New York, which he called Lindenwald, is now the Martin Van Buren National Historic Site."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life | Retirement",
"text": "He is buried in the Kinderhook Reformed Dutch Church Cemetery, as are his wife Hannah, his parents, and his son Martin Van Buren Jr."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency, 1837–1841 | Presidential election of 1840",
"text": "They threw such jabs as \"Van, Van, is a used-up man\" and \"Martin Van Ruin\" and ridiculed him in newspapers and cartoons."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Her second marriage produced five children, of which Martin was the third."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Martin Van Buren ( van BEWR-ən; born Maarten Van Buren; December 5, 1782 – July 24, 1862) was an American statesman who served as the eighth president of the United States from 1837 to 1841."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1840, a surge of new voters — who nicknamed him \"Martin Van Ruin\" — helped turn out of office."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials and popular culture",
"text": "Also, in an episode of The Monkees, \"Dance, Monkee, Dance\", a dance instruction studio offers free lessons to anyone who can answer the question, \"Who was the eighth president of the United States?\" Martin Van Buren appears at the studio to claim the prize."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Historical reputation",
"text": "As noted in a 2014 Time magazine article on the \"Top 10 Forgettable Presidents\": Making himself nearly disappear completely from the history books was probably not the trick the \"Little Magician\" Martin Van Buren had in mind, but his was the first truly forgettable American presidency."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "The couple had five children, four of whom lived to adulthood: Abraham (1807–1873), John (1810–1866), Martin Jr. (1812–1855), Winfield Scott (born and died in 1814), and Smith Thompson (1817–1876)."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials and popular culture",
"text": "Mount Van Buren, USS Van Buren, three state parks and numerous towns were named after him."
}
] |
Martin Van Buren was publicly shamed.
| 0 | 0 |
Martin Van Buren
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Jojo begins acting out with his mother, angry at her seeming lack of patriotism."
}
] |
BBWMgA5RuFE48lLbQ0aT
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Roman Griffin Davis portrays the title character, Johannes \"Jojo\" Betzler, a Hitler Youth member who finds out his mother (Scarlett Johansson) is hiding a Jewish girl (Thomasin McKenzie) in their attic."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Later that month, Scarlett Johansson joined the cast to portray the child's mother, who is secretly anti-Nazi, and in April 2018, Sam Rockwell joined the cast as \"a Nazi captain who runs a Hitler Youth camp."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Sam Rockwell as Captain Klenzendorf, an army officer who runs a Hitler Youth camp Scarlett Johansson as Rosie, Jojo's mother who is secretly"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Jojo begins acting out with his mother, angry at her seeming lack of patriotism."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "Jojo Rabbit had its world premiere at the 44th Toronto International Film Festival on September 8, 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jojo Rabbit was released theatrically in the United States on October 18, 2019, and in New Zealand on October 24, 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jojo Rabbit is a 2019 comedy-drama film written and directed by Taika Waititi, based on Christine Leunens's 2008 book Caging Skies."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "She exists mainly as a teaching moment for Johannes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jojo Rabbit was chosen by the National Board of Review and the American Film Institute as one of the ten best films of the year."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Meanwhile, Jojo, who is warming up to Elsa, argues with an increasingly hostile Adolf about his patriotism."
}
] |
The 2019 film Jojo Rabbit Scarlett Johansson portrays the mother who teaches her son patriotism.
| 2 | 5 |
Jojo Rabbit
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "New Zealand (Māori: Aotearoa [aɔˈtɛaɾɔa]) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean."
}
] |
BBX5diANZ0k3oIun7EJY
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Foreign relations and military",
"text": "New Zealand's military services—the Defence Force—comprise the New Zealand Army, the Royal New Zealand Air Force and the Royal New Zealand Navy."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Local government and external territories",
"text": "New Zealand nationality law treats all parts of the realm equally, so most people born in New Zealand, the Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau and the Ross Dependency are New Zealand citizens."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Infrastructure",
"text": "The New Zealand Post Office had a monopoly over telecommunications in New Zealand until 1987 when Telecom New Zealand was formed, initially as a state-owned enterprise and then privatised in 1990."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "New Zealand, still part of the colony of New South Wales, became a separate Colony of New Zealand on 1 July 1841."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Foreign relations and military",
"text": "In 2013 there were about 650,000 New Zealand citizens living in Australia, which is equivalent to 15% of the resident population of New Zealand."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Local government and external territories",
"text": "The Realm of New Zealand, one of 16 Commonwealth realms, is the entire area over which the queen of New Zealand is sovereign, and comprises New Zealand, Tokelau, the Ross Dependency, the Cook Islands and Niue."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "This name was later anglicised to \"New Zealand\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Foreign relations and military",
"text": "New Zealand has been described as an emerging power."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "The largely rural life in early New Zealand led to the image of New Zealanders being rugged, industrious problem solvers."
},
{
"section_header": "Demography | Ethnicity and immigration",
"text": "In 2009–10, an annual target of 45,000–50,000 permanent residence approvals was set by the New Zealand Immigration Service—more than one new migrant for every 100 New Zealand residents."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "New Zealand (Māori: Aotearoa [aɔˈtɛaɾɔa]) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean."
}
] |
New Zealand is a peninsula.
| 0 | 0 |
New Zealand
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "He was inducted into the Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame in 1985, and was a 1993 Inductee into the Alabama Music Hall of Fame, with the Lifework Award for Performing Achievement."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "Blues Music Award was known as the W. C. Handy Award until the name change in 2006."
}
] |
BBspdRqQJYT7OTmj0hMK
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "He received a Grammy Trustees Award for lifetime achievement in 1993."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "Blues Music Award was known as the W. C. Handy Award until the name change in 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "He was inducted into the Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame in 1985, and was a 1993 Inductee into the Alabama Music Hall of Fame, with the Lifework Award for Performing Achievement."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Many white bands and orchestra leaders, on the other hand, were on the alert for novelties."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "His published musical works were groundbreaking because of his ethnicity."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Pace formed Pace Phonograph Company and Black Swan Records and many of the employees went with him."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Next they headed to St. Louis, Missouri, but found no work."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Handy had little fondness for jazz, but bands dove into his repertoire with enthusiasm, making many of them jazz standards."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was scrupulous in documenting the sources of his works, which frequently combined stylistic influences from various performers."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Learning that it paid poorly, he quit the position and found employment at a pipe works plant in nearby Bessemer."
}
] |
W.C. Handy has received many awards for his work.
| 0 | 0 |
W.C. Handy
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Schumann died in Frankfurt, but was buried in Bonn beside her husband."
}
] |
BCCR9nxZiPNLiHIChFQD
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Death",
"text": "Schumann suffered a stroke on 26 March 1896, and died on 20 May at age 76."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Schumann died in Frankfurt, but was buried in Bonn beside her husband."
},
{
"section_header": "Family life",
"text": "Her eldest living son Ludwig suffered from mental illness like his father and, in her words, eventually had to be \"buried alive\" in an institution."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Death",
"text": "She was buried in Bonn at Alter Friedhof next to her husband, according to her own wish."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Later life | Concerts",
"text": "\"She played her last public concert in Frankfurt on 12 March 1891."
},
{
"section_header": "Family life",
"text": "In 1879, their son Felix died aged 24."
},
{
"section_header": "Family life",
"text": "Their first son, Emil, died in 1847, aged only 1."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Film",
"text": "In 1954, Loretta Young portrayed her on The Loretta Young Show in Season 1, Episode 26: The Clara Schumann Story (first aired on 21 March 1954), in which she supports the composing career of her husband, played by George Nader, alongside Shelley Fabares and Carleton G. Young."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Lasting relationships | Robert Schumann",
"text": "In March 1854, Brahms, Joachim, Albert Dietrich, and Julius Otto Grimm spent time with Clara Schumann, playing music for her and with her to divert her mind from the tragedy."
},
{
"section_header": "Family life",
"text": "She was the main breadwinner for her family and the sole one after her husband was hospitalized and then died."
}
] |
Clara Schumann suffered a stroke on 26 March 1896, and died in Frankfurt, but was buried in Bonn beside her father at age 76.
| 0 | 0 |
Clara Schumann
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years (1484–1518)",
"text": "Huldrych Zwingli was born on 1 January 1484 in Wildhaus, in the Toggenburg valley of Switzerland, to a family of farmers, the third child of nine."
}
] |
BDHhcleVP1XTevhSAvp6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Huldrych Zwingli or Ulrich Zwingli (1 January 1484 – 11 October 1531) was a leader of the Reformation in Switzerland, born during a time of emerging Swiss patriotism and increasing criticism of the Swiss mercenary system."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years (1484–1518)",
"text": "Huldrych Zwingli was born on 1 January 1484 in Wildhaus, in the Toggenburg valley of Switzerland, to a family of farmers, the third child of nine."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Outside of Switzerland, no church counts Zwingli as its founder."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | First Kappel War (1529)",
"text": "War was declared on 8 June 1529."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Politics, confessions, the Kappel Wars, and death (1529–1531)",
"text": "Zwingli had considered himself first and foremost a soldier of Christ; second a defender of his country, the Confederation; and third a leader of his city, Zürich, where he had lived for the previous twelve years."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | First rifts (1522–1524)",
"text": "The event, which came to be referred to as the Affair of the Sausages, is considered to be the start of the Reformation in Switzerland."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Reformation in the Confederation (1526–1528)",
"text": "On 8 April 1524, five cantons, Lucerne, Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden, and Zug, formed an alliance, die fünf Orte (the Five States) to defend themselves from Zwingli's Reformation."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Conflict with the Anabaptists (1525–1527)",
"text": "Conrad Grebel, the leader of the radicals and the emerging Anabaptist movement, spoke disparagingly of Zwingli in private."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Zürich disputations (1523) | Second Disputation",
"text": "The city council decided to work out the matter of images in a second disputation."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Conflict with the Anabaptists (1525–1527)",
"text": "Shortly after the second Zürich disputation, many in the radical wing of the Reformation became convinced that Zwingli was making too many concessions to the Zürich council."
}
] |
Huldrych Zwingli was a leader of the Reformation in Switzerland and the second kid of 8.
| 0 | 0 |
Huldrych Zwingli
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Joseph McGraw (April 7, 1873 – February 25, 1934), nicknamed \"Little Napoleon\" and \"Mugsy\", was a Major League Baseball (MLB) player and manager of the New York Giants."
}
] |
BDJn1r1JUUCoo0IT24FJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Minor leagues",
"text": "When McGraw heard the news, he immediately went to visit his former coach, begging him for a chance to play on the new team."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Style of play",
"text": "\"McGraw is rather a light youngster to be so anxious to block men off the bases."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Managerial record | New York Giants managerial record",
"text": "McGraw became the third of three managers for the New York Giants in 1902, and held the position until 1932."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Minor leagues",
"text": "Thus it was that he began his journey again, this time in Wellsville, New York, a team that played in the Western New York League."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Style of play",
"text": "When, as a young player, McGraw tried to block Cleveland's Buck Ewing from third base, Ewing \"went into him with such force that he knocked McGraw off his feet\", John B. Foster of The Cleveland Leader wrote."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Minor leagues",
"text": "After two days, Kenney inserted him into the starting lineup at third base."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Style of play",
"text": "\" Voigt added, \"Among tactics used by McGraw was the opportunistic base runner's trick of slapping a ball from an infielder's grasp, the psychological ploy of wearing wickedly sharpened spikes, and vocally abusing opposing players and umpires."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "John McGraw, Sr.'s first wife died, and he began moving around looking for work — a search that ultimately led him to Truxton, New York, in 1871."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Even with his success and fame as a player, he is best known for his managing, especially since it was with a team as popular as the New York Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Joseph McGraw (April 7, 1873 – February 25, 1934), nicknamed \"Little Napoleon\" and \"Mugsy\", was a Major League Baseball (MLB) player and manager of the New York Giants."
}
] |
John McGraw was the coach for the New York based base ball team.
| 1 | 6 |
John McGraw
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Southern New England | Plymouth Colony",
"text": "Historians estimate that, as a result of King Philip's War, the Indian population of southern New England was reduced by about 40 to 80 percent."
}
] |
BDUucoZa8DzVICzzWlej
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "King Philip's War began the development of an independent American identity."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Secondary sources",
"text": "Mandell, Daniel R. King Philip's War: Colonial Expansion, Native Resistance, and the End of Indian Sovereignty (Johns Hopkins University Press; 2010) 176 pages"
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Secondary sources",
"text": "-940160-55-2 Lepore, Jill. The Name of War: -940160-55-2 Lepore, Jill. The Name of War: King Philip's War and the Origins of American Identity (New York: Vintage Books, 1999)."
},
{
"section_header": "Southern theater, 1676 | Battle of Mount Hope",
"text": "His capture marked the final event in King Philip's War, as he was also beheaded."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Secondary sources",
"text": "King Philip's War: The History and Legacy of America's Forgotten Conflict.'"
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Primary sources",
"text": "\"Edward Randolph, the Causes and Results of King Philip's War (1675)\"; an early account of the war, available online."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Secondary sources",
"text": "Kawashima, Yasuhide. Igniting King Philip's War: The John Sassamon Murder Trial ("
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Secondary sources",
"text": "Brooks, Lisa. Brooks, Lisa. 2019. Our Beloved Kin: A New History of King Philip's War."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "Prior to King Philip's War, tensions fluctuated between Indian tribes and the colonists, but relations were generally peaceful."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Southern New England | Plymouth Colony",
"text": "Historians estimate that, as a result of King Philip's War, the Indian population of southern New England was reduced by about 40 to 80 percent."
}
] |
It's believed that King Philip's War decimated 30% of the Native American populace in the northeast.
| 0 | 0 |
King Philip's War
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Contrary to popular belief, Nast did not create Uncle Sam (the male personification of the United States Federal Government), Columbia (the female personification of American values), or the Democratic donkey, though he did popularize these symbols through his artwork."
}
] |
BDnYmjWDySsKK2qXsSQS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Nast's depictions of iconic characters, such as Santa Claus and Uncle Sam, are widely credited as forming the basis of popular depictions used today."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Uncle Sam, a lanky avuncular personification of the United States (first drawn in the 1830s; Nast and John Tenniel added the goatee) John Confucius, a variation of John Chinaman, a traditional caricature of a Chinese immigrant"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Contrary to popular belief, Nast did not create Uncle Sam (the male personification of the United States Federal Government), Columbia (the female personification of American values), or the Democratic donkey, though he did popularize these symbols through his artwork."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He was known for drawing battlefields in border and southern states."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In his first years with Harper's, Nast became known especially for compositions that appealed to the sentiment of the viewer."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "In 1854, at the age of 14, he was enrolled for about a year of study with Alfred Fredericks and Theodore Kaufmann, and then at the school of the National Academy of Design."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Thomas Nast Prize",
"text": "The Thomas Nast Prize for editorial cartooning has been awarded by the Thomas Nast Foundation (located in Nast's birthplace of Landau, Germany) since 1978 when it was first given to Jeff MacNelly."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Style and themes",
"text": "\"Nast introduced into American cartoons the practice of modernizing scenes from Shakespeare for a political purpose."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | After Harper's Weekly",
"text": "Now returned to the Republican fold, Nast used the Weekly as a vehicle for his cartoons supporting Benjamin Harrison for president."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Style and themes",
"text": "Nast's cartoons frequently had numerous sidebars and panels with intricate subplots to the main cartoon."
}
] |
Nast is known for designing the Uncle Sam cartoon.
| 0 | 0 |
Thomas Nast
|
Science
| 9 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While a French citizen, Marie Skłodowska Curie, who used both surnames, never lost her sense of Polish identity."
}
] |
BDq8Ze9EhMMwxj4jmjgU
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While a French citizen, Marie Skłodowska Curie, who used both surnames, never lost her sense of Polish identity."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | World War I",
"text": "In spite of all her humanitarian contributions to the French war effort, Curie never received any formal recognition of it from the French government."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | New life in Paris",
"text": "Curie, however, declared that he was ready to move with her to Poland, even if it meant being reduced to teaching French."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Marie Skłodowska Curie ( KEWR-ee, French: [kyʁi], Polish: [kʲiˈri]),"
},
{
"section_header": "Life | World War I",
"text": "The state needs it. Only, I have no illusions: this money will probably be lost."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "born Maria Salomea Skłodowska (Polish: [ˈmarja salɔˈmɛa skwɔˈdɔfska]; 7 November 1867 – 4 July 1934), was a Polish and naturalized-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years",
"text": "He was eventually fired by his Russian supervisors for pro-Polish sentiments and forced to take lower-paying posts; the family also lost money on a bad investment and eventually chose to supplement their income by lodging boys in the house."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours, tributes",
"text": "She was featured on the Polish late-1980s 20,000-złoty banknote as well as on the last French 500-franc note, before the franc was replaced by the euro."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | New elements",
"text": "She never succeeded in isolating polonium, which has a half-life of only 138 days."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years",
"text": "All that time she continued to educate herself, reading books, exchanging letters, and being tutored herself."
}
] |
Despite being a French citizen, she never lost her sense of Polish identity.
| 3 | 9 |
Maria Skłodowska-Curie
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Strait eloped in Mexico with his high school sweetheart Norma in December 1971."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Their son, George Strait Jr., known as \"Bubba\", was born in 1981.Jenifer was killed in an automobile accident in San Marcos on June 25, 1986, at age 13."
}
] |
BE9fojsRVRiBQ5W8SKdy
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Marriage and military service",
"text": "The couple initially married in Mexico on December 4, 1971."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Strait eloped in Mexico with his high school sweetheart Norma in December 1971."
},
{
"section_header": "Filmography",
"text": "Strait had a limited role in the sequel to Pure Country, Pure Country 2: The Gift."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His highest certified album is Strait Out of the Box (1995), which sold 2 million copies ("
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "\"In February 2012, Strait became a grandfather when George Strait Jr. and his wife Tamara had their first child, a son, George Harvey Strait III."
},
{
"section_header": "Filmography",
"text": "Strait has acted in several films."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life through high school",
"text": "The Beatles were popular when Strait was in high school."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life through high school",
"text": "\" The Beatles were big,\" Strait confirmed."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2000s",
"text": "Strait released two records in 2003."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2000s",
"text": "In April 2009, Strait was honored by the Academy of Country Music with the Artist of the Decade Award, which was presented to Strait by the previous ACM Artist of the Decade, Garth Brooks."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Their son, George Strait Jr., known as \"Bubba\", was born in 1981.Jenifer was killed in an automobile accident in San Marcos on June 25, 1986, at age 13."
}
] |
Strait got married in Mexico and had 2 kids.
| 2 | 4 |
George Strait
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early career and first operas",
"text": "Puccini's work was favorably reviewed in the Milanese publication Perseveranza, and thus Puccini began to build a reputation as a young composer of promise in Milanese music circles."
}
] |
BEG3HUJ7JCRhlwwV2em3
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Puccini at Torre del Lago",
"text": "The Villa Museo was owned by his granddaughter, Simonetta Puccini, until her death, and is open to the public."
},
{
"section_header": "Later works | La rondine",
"text": "The composer continued to work at revising this, the least known of his mature operas, until his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Middle career | Automobile crash and near death",
"text": "It went off the road, fell several metres, and flipped over."
},
{
"section_header": "Middle career | Automobile crash and near death",
"text": "Puccini was pinned under the vehicle, with a severe fracture of his right leg and with a portion of the car pressing down on his chest."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "News of his death reached Rome during a performance of La bohème."
},
{
"section_header": "Middle career | Madama Butterfly",
"text": "In 1907, Puccini made his final revisions to the opera in a fifth version, which has become known as the \"standard version\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Puccini's most renowned works are La bohème (1896), Tosca (1900), Madama Butterfly (1904), and Turandot (1924), all of which are among the important operas played as standards."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and education",
"text": "In addition, Domenico composed several operas, and Michele composed one opera."
},
{
"section_header": "Later works | La fanciulla del West",
"text": "In addition, one aria from the opera, Ch'ella mi creda, has become a staple of compilation albums by operatic tenors."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career and first operas | Edgar",
"text": "When Edgar failed, they suggested to Ricordi that he should drop Puccini, but Ricordi said that he would stay with him and continued his allowance until his next opera."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career and first operas",
"text": "Puccini's work was favorably reviewed in the Milanese publication Perseveranza, and thus Puccini began to build a reputation as a young composer of promise in Milanese music circles."
}
] |
Puccini did not become renowned until several decades after his death.
| 2 | 4 |
Giacomo Puccini
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The free metal does not occur in nature, and must be prepared from compounds."
}
] |
BEJiVO3GoYA39OR8tF51
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Occurrence | Astronomical observations",
"text": "In stars, it is seen in any whose surfaces are cool enough for sodium to exist in atomic form (rather than ionised)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sodium is the sixth most abundant element in the Earth's crust and exists in numerous minerals such as feldspars, sodalite, and rock salt (NaCl)."
},
{
"section_header": "Chemistry | Intermetallic compounds",
"text": "Sodium forms alloys with many metals, such as potassium, calcium, lead, and the group 11 and 12 elements."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The free metal does not occur in nature, and must be prepared from compounds."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sodium is a chemical element with the symbol"
},
{
"section_header": "Safety and precautions",
"text": "They collect leaking sodium into a leak-recovery tank where it is isolated from oxygen."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sodium was first isolated by Humphry Davy in 1807 by the electrolysis of sodium hydroxide."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sodium is an essential element for all animals and some plants."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.)."
},
{
"section_header": "Safety and precautions",
"text": "Sodium fires are prevented in nuclear reactors by isolating sodium from oxygen by surrounding sodium pipes with inert gas."
}
] |
The isolated elemental form of sodium exists in nature.
| 0 | 0 |
Sodium
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Baseball Hall of Fame member Ted Williams called Feller \"the fastest and best pitcher I ever saw during my career."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\" Hall of Famer Stan Musial believed he was \"probably the greatest pitcher of our era.\" He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1962, on his first ballot appearance; at the time, only three players had ever had a higher percentage of ballot votes."
}
] |
BEYsYItLtckFCLimd7SV
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Each year, American Legion Baseball presents the \"Bob Feller Pitching Award\" to the pitcher \"with the most strikeouts in regional and national competition.\" Feller was elected the inaugural president of the Major League Baseball Players' Association in 1956."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Baseball Hall of Fame member Ted Williams called Feller \"the fastest and best pitcher I ever saw during my career."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "From the age of 15, he began to pitch for the Oakviews after a starting pitcher was injured; while doing so, Feller continued to play American Legion baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Robert William Andrew Feller (November 3, 1918 – December 15, 2010), nicknamed \"The Heater from Van Meter\" , \"Bullet Bob\", and \"Rapid Robert\", was an American baseball pitcher who played 18 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Cleveland Indians."
},
{
"section_header": "Records",
"text": "\" Feller was ranked 36th on Sporting News's list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players and also the publication's \"greatest pitcher of his time\" as well as a finalist for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team in 1999."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An eight-time All-Star, Feller was ranked 36th on Sporting News's list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players and was named the publication's \"greatest pitcher of his time\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "During this time, he continued to play on the Farmers Union team in the American Amateur Baseball Congress, and had 19 wins and four losses for Farmers Union one season."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "In June 2009, at the age of 90, Feller was one of the starting pitchers at the inaugural Baseball Hall of Fame Classic, which replaced the Hall of Fame Game at Cooperstown, New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "He was also one of the first players to work for the right of a player to enter free agency."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Later years (1949–1956)",
"text": "Feller started the 1952 season with three wins in his first five starts; one of the losses was an April 23 one-hitter against Bob Cain, who also allowed only one hit."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\" Hall of Famer Stan Musial believed he was \"probably the greatest pitcher of our era.\" He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1962, on his first ballot appearance; at the time, only three players had ever had a higher percentage of ballot votes."
}
] |
American baseball player Bob Feller has been referred to as one of the best pitchers.
| 0 | 0 |
Bob Feller
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They are also the most popular football club in France and one of the most widely supported teams in the world."
}
] |
BEiH8FQCOTTcSUHMbeXw
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Supporters",
"text": "Paris Saint-Germain is the most popular football club in France and one of the most widely supported teams in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They are also the most popular football club in France and one of the most widely supported teams in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Friendly tournaments | Tournoi de Paris",
"text": "Regarded as French football's most prestigious friendly tournament, the Tournoi de Paris is also considered a precursor of both the Intercontinental Cup and FIFA Club World Cup."
},
{
"section_header": "Rivalries | Le Classique",
"text": "They are also the two most popular clubs in France and the two most followed French teams outside the country, ahead of Lyon."
},
{
"section_header": "Ownership and finances",
"text": "As a result, PSG are also one of the richest clubs in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Identity | Crest evolution",
"text": "Having to merge and give birth to the club using Stade Saint-Germain's stadium, the PFC crest kept its original design but the name below it changed from \"Paris FC\" to \"Paris Saint-Germain Football Club."
},
{
"section_header": "Identity | Crest evolution",
"text": "The first crest of Paris Saint-Germain was basically the same as the original Paris FC (PFC) logo."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Paris FC remained in Ligue 1, while PSG were administratively relegated to Division 3."
},
{
"section_header": "Friendly tournaments | Tournoi de Paris",
"text": "Initially held by Racing Paris between 1957 and 1966, the Tournoi de Paris briefly returned in 1973 with new organizers Paris FC, before current hosts Paris Saint-Germain successfully relaunched the competition in 1975."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The takeover made them the richest club in France and one of the wealthiest in the world."
}
] |
Paris Saint-Germain F.C. is not a popular club around the world.
| 0 | 0 |
Paris Saint-Germain F.C.
|
Science
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Scientific career",
"text": "In 1908 Danchakoff became an assistant professor in histology and embryology at Moscow University – the first woman to become a professor in Russia."
}
] |
BFa0ALy8vGCRJyPlVDvN
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Vera Mikhaĭlovna Danchakoff (née Grigorevskaya, March 21, 1879 – September 22, 1950) was a Russian anatomist, cell biologist and embryologist."
},
{
"section_header": "Scientific career",
"text": "In 1908 Danchakoff became an assistant professor in histology and embryology at Moscow University – the first woman to become a professor in Russia."
},
{
"section_header": "Scientific career",
"text": "In 1938 she conducted important experiments which involved exposing female guinea pig foetuses to testosterone."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "and she became a pioneer in stem cell research."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She married and her daughter, born in 1902 in Zurich, was Vera Evgenevna who went on to study at Columbia University and to marry Mikhail Lavrentyev, the mathematician."
},
{
"section_header": "Scientific career",
"text": "In a 1916 lecture she said \"... the erythrocytes, the small lymphocytes, the different leucocytes, the wandering cells of the connective tissue, the mast cells, and the plasma cells - all these cells are different cell units, morphologically as well as physiologically"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Returning to Russia she took a Russian medical degree at Kharkov University and then became the first woman to be awarded a doctorate in medical sciences at the St Petersburg Academy of Medicine – Russia's first medical college for women."
},
{
"section_header": "Scientific career",
"text": "For these reasons Danchakoff has sometimes been called the \"mother of stem cells\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Scientific career",
"text": "but in the early embryonic stages they all had a common mother cell, and this mother cell is preserved in the adult organism and becomes the source of differentiation and regeneration and most probably also the source of pathological proliferation.\" In his 2001 keynote address to the Acute Leukemia Forum Marshall Lichtman described her presentation as an \"extraordinary lecture\" and considered that \"The rest of the century has been spent filling in the details of [her] experimental insights!\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Danchakoff was born in St Petersburg where her parents wanted her to study music or drawing."
}
] |
In 1905, Vera Mikhaĭlovna Danchakoff became the 1st female lecturer in her country.
| 0 | 1 |
Vera Danchakoff
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The original structure, part of the original World Trade Center, was completed in 1987 and was destroyed in the September 11 attacks in 2001."
}
] |
BFokwpWclbFOpNxq0She
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Construction of the new 7 World Trade Center began in 2002 and was completed in 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Original building (1987–2001) | Tenants",
"text": "In June 1986, before construction was completed, developer Larry Silverstein signed Drexel Burnham Lambert as a tenant to lease the entire 7 World Trade Center building for $3 billion over a term of 30 years."
},
{
"section_header": "New building | Opening",
"text": "In September 2006, Moody's signed a 20-year lease to rent 15 floors of 7 World Trade Center."
},
{
"section_header": "Original building (1987–2001) | 9/11 and collapse | Reports",
"text": "The bulk of the investigation of 7 World Trade Center was delayed until after reports were completed on the Twin Towers."
},
{
"section_header": "Original building (1987–2001) | 9/11 and collapse | Reports",
"text": "The NIST report found no evidence supporting the conspiracy theories that 7 World Trade Center was brought down by controlled demolition."
},
{
"section_header": "Original building (1987–2001) | Tenants",
"text": "In November 1988, Salomon Brothers withdrew from plans to build a large new complex at Columbus Circle in Midtown, and agreed to a 20-year lease for the top 19 floors of 7 World Trade Center."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The original structure, part of the original World Trade Center, was completed in 1987 and was destroyed in the September 11 attacks in 2001."
},
{
"section_header": "Original building (1987–2001) | Design and layout",
"text": "A shipping and receiving ramp, which served the entire World Trade Center complex, occupied the eastern quarter of the 7 World Trade Center footprint."
},
{
"section_header": "Original building (1987–2001) | Design and layout",
"text": "Two pedestrian bridges connected the main World Trade Center complex, across Vesey Street, to the third floor of 7 World Trade Center."
},
{
"section_header": "Original building (1987–2001) | 9/11 and collapse | Reports",
"text": "Investigative files in the Secret Service's largest field office were lost, with one Secret Service agent saying, \"All the evidence that we stored at 7 World Trade, in all our cases, went down with the building."
}
] |
The 7 World Trade Center fell down 14 years after its completion.
| 0 | 0 |
7 World Trade Center
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The English officers and merchants based in Kolkata were rounded up by the forces loyal to Siraj ud-Daulah and forced into a dungeon known as the \"Black Hole\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Black Hole of Calcutta was a dungeon in Fort William, Calcutta measuring 4.30 × 5.50 metres ("
}
] |
BFw3YWh7nvB9a15rUDIs
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Imperial aftermath",
"text": "The Black Hole of Calcutta was later used as a warehouse."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Literature",
"text": "\" In Vanity Fair, William Makepeace Thackeray makes a reference to the Black Hole of Calcutta when describing the Anglo-Indian district in London, (Chapter LX)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "that, after the fall of Fort William, the surviving British soldiers, Anglo-Indian soldiers, and Indian civilians were imprisoned overnight in conditions so cramped that many people died from suffocation and heat exhaustion, and that 123 of 146 prisoners of war imprisoned there died."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The English officers and merchants based in Kolkata were rounded up by the forces loyal to Siraj ud-Daulah and forced into a dungeon known as the \"Black Hole\"."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Literature",
"text": "In the science-fiction novel Omega: The Last Days of the World (1894), by Camille Flammarion, the Black Hole of Calcutta is mentioned for the suffocating properties of Carbonic-Oxide (Carbon Monoxide) upon the British soldiers imprisoned in that dungeon."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Black Hole of Calcutta was a dungeon in Fort William, Calcutta measuring 4.30 × 5.50 metres ("
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Television",
"text": "He attempts to say \"There's enough dirt there to fill the Black Hole of Calcutta\", but his extensive stuttering when trying to say 'Calcutta' causes him to change it to"
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Literature",
"text": "The Black Hole of Calcutta must have been a fool to it...\" In John Fante's novel The Road to Los Angeles (1985), the main character Arturo Bandini recalls when seeing his place of work: \"I thought about the Black Hole of Calcutta."
},
{
"section_header": "Monument to the victims",
"text": "The list of the men and women who survived their imprisonment in the Black Hole of Calcutta: Messrs. Holwell, John Zephediah, Court, Secretary Cooke, Lushington, Burdett, Ensign Walcott, Mrs. Carey, Captain Mills, Captain Dickson, Mr. Moran, John Meadows, and twelve military and militia (blacks & whites)."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Television",
"text": "Yes, Minister, the permanent secretary refers to a packed train compartment as the Black Hole of Calcutta."
}
] |
The Black Hole of Calcutta was used to imprison Indian rebels based in Calcutta.
| 3 | 5 |
Black Hole of Calcutta
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John F. Kennedy International Airport (IATA: JFK, ICAO: KJFK, FAA LID: JFK) (colloquially referred to as JFK Airport) is an international airport in Queens, New York, USA."
}
] |
BG1yCQsNsZZ8coGWHXNE
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Following John F. Kennedy's assassination in 1963, the airport was renamed John F. Kennedy International Airport as a tribute to the 35th President."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John F. Kennedy International Airport (IATA: JFK, ICAO: KJFK, FAA LID: JFK) (colloquially referred to as JFK Airport) is an international airport in Queens, New York, USA."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Later operation",
"text": "The airport was renamed John F. Kennedy International Airport on December 24, 1963, a month and two days after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy; Mayor Robert F. Wagner, Jr. proposed the renaming to JFK."
},
{
"section_header": "Facilities | Runways",
"text": "John F. Kennedy International Airport spans 5,200 acres or 21 square kilometers (8.1 sq mi)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction",
"text": "John F. Kennedy International Airport was originally called Idlewild Airport (IATA: IDL, ICAO: KIDL, FAA LID: IDL) after the Idlewild Beach Golf Course that it displaced."
},
{
"section_header": "Facilities | Ground transportation",
"text": "JFK Airport is located in southern Queens on the Van Wyck Expressway (I-678), which can be accessed from the Belt Parkway, the Grand Central Parkway and Queens Boulevard."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "JFK is located in the Jamaica neighborhood of Queens in New York, 16 miles (26 km) southeast of Midtown Manhattan."
},
{
"section_header": "Facilities | Information services",
"text": "Kennedy Airport, along with the other Port Authority airports (LaGuardia and Newark), uses a uniform style of signage throughout the airport properties."
},
{
"section_header": "Facilities | Other facilities",
"text": "A VOR station, identified as JFK, is located on the airport property, between runway 4R/22L and runway 4L/22R."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction",
"text": "The project was renamed Major General Alexander E. Anderson Airport in 1943 after a Queens resident who had commanded a Federalized National Guard unit in the southern United States and died in late 1942."
}
] |
The John F. Kennedy International Airport is located in Queens, NY.
| 0 | 0 |
John F. Kennedy International Airport
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He died on 10 November 1938 at Dolmabahçe Palace in Istanbul, at the age of 57; he was succeeded as President by his long-time Prime Minister İsmet İnönü and was honored with a state funeral."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kemal Atatürk (or alternatively written as Kamâl Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal Pasha until 1934, commonly referred to as Mustafa Kemal Atatürk; c. 1881 – 10 November 1938) was a Turkish field marshal, revolutionary statesman, author, and the founding father of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first president from 1923 until his death in 1938."
}
] |
BGLtGLe3weCrY3YpL5h6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Illness and death",
"text": "He died on 10 November 1938, at the age of 57, in the Dolmabahçe Palace."
},
{
"section_header": "Illness and death",
"text": "The clock in the bedroom where he died is still set to the time of his death, 9:05 in the morning."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Foreign policies | Neighbours to the east",
"text": "Mahmud Tarzi received Atatürk's personal support until he died on 22 November 1933 in Istanbul."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Domestic policies | Unification and nationalisation efforts",
"text": "Names ending with \"yan, of, ef, viç, is, dis, poulos, aki, zade, shvili, madumu, veled, bin\" (names that denote non-Turkish origins) could not be registered and were replaced by \"-oğlu."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Only one of Mustafa's siblings, a sister named Makbule (Atadan) survived childhood; she died in 1956."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He died on 10 November 1938 at Dolmabahçe Palace in Istanbul, at the age of 57; he was succeeded as President by his long-time Prime Minister İsmet İnönü and was honored with a state funeral."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Worldwide",
"text": "When he died, the All-India Muslim League eulogised him as a \"truly great personality in the Islamic world, a great general, and a great statesman\", declaring that his memory would \"inspire Muslims all over the world with courage, perseverance, and manliness\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Military career | Turkish War of Independence (1919–1923)",
"text": "Atatürk insisted on the country's complete independence and the safeguarding of interests of the Turkish majority on \"Turkish soil\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Foreign policies | Turkish-Greek alliance",
"text": "We will never forget that President Atatürk was the true founder of the Turkish-Greek alliance based on a framework of common ideals and peaceful cooperation."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Foreign policies | Turkish-Greek alliance",
"text": "Even after Venizolos' fall from power, Greco-Turkish relations remained cordial."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kemal Atatürk (or alternatively written as Kamâl Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal Pasha until 1934, commonly referred to as Mustafa Kemal Atatürk; c. 1881 – 10 November 1938) was a Turkish field marshal, revolutionary statesman, author, and the founding father of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first president from 1923 until his death in 1938."
}
] |
Ataturk died while running for Turkish presidency.
| 0 | 0 |
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Climbing up onto the fireplace mantel, she pokes at the wall-hung mirror behind the fireplace and discovers, to her surprise, that she is able to step through it to an alternative world."
}
] |
BGUmfyoUBsamiwQaWYmZ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There (also known as Alice Through the Looking-Glass or simply Through the Looking-Glass) is an 1871 novel by Lewis Carroll and the sequel to Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865)."
},
{
"section_header": "Dramatic adaptations | Adaptions with Alice's Adventures in Wonderland | Stage productions",
"text": "Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass (2001) was a stage adaption by Adrian Mitchell for the Royal Shakespeare Company, in which the second act consists of Through the Looking-Glass."
},
{
"section_header": "Dramatic adaptations | Stand-alone adaptations",
"text": "Alice Through a Looking Glass (1928), a silent movie directed by Walter Lang, would be one of the earliest stand-alone adaptations of the book."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing style and symbolism | Mirrors",
"text": "One of the key motifs of Through the Looking-Glass is that of mirrors, including the use of opposites, time running backwards, and so on, not to mention the title of the book itself."
},
{
"section_header": "Dramatic adaptations | Other",
"text": "Through the Looking-Glass (2011) was a ballet by American composer John Craton Through the Zombie Glass (2013) is a book by Gena Showalter"
},
{
"section_header": "Dramatic adaptations | Adaptions with Alice's Adventures in Wonderland | Film and TV",
"text": "The film features several elements from Through the Looking-Glass, including the talking flowers, Tweedledee & Tweedledum, and \"The Walrus and the Carpenter\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Dramatic adaptations | Adaptions with Alice's Adventures in Wonderland | Stage productions",
"text": "A 2-part production by Iris Theatre in London was staged in the summer of 2013, in which the second part consisted of Through the Looking-Glass."
},
{
"section_header": "Dramatic adaptations | Stand-alone adaptations",
"text": "Through the Looking Glass (2008) was a chamber opera composed by Alan John to a libretto by Andrew Upton."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Through the Looking-Glass includes such verses as \"Jabberwocky\" and \"The Walrus and the Carpenter\", and the episode involving Tweedledum and Tweedledee."
},
{
"section_header": "Dramatic adaptations | Stand-alone adaptations",
"text": "Alice Through a Looking Glass (1966) was a NBC TV musical special, first airing on 6 November."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Climbing up onto the fireplace mantel, she pokes at the wall-hung mirror behind the fireplace and discovers, to her surprise, that she is able to step through it to an alternative world."
}
] |
The looking glass in Lewis Carroll's Through the Looking Glass was hung on the back of Alice's wardrobe.
| 2 | 3 |
Through the Looking Glass
|
Geography
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Sports",
"text": "These teams include the Los Angeles Dodgers and Los Angeles Angels of Major League Baseball (MLB), the Los Angeles Rams and Los Angeles Chargers of the National Football League (NFL), the Los Angeles Lakers and Los Angeles Clippers of the National Basketball Association (NBA), the Los Angeles Kings and Anaheim Ducks of the National Hockey League (NHL), the Los Angeles Galaxy and Los Angeles Football Club of Major League Soccer (MLS), and the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA)."
}
] |
BGpsqYEa1tTXQ1wdRMOI
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Sports",
"text": "The city of Los Angeles and its metropolitan area are the home of eleven top level professional sports teams, several of which play in neighboring communities but use Los Angeles in their name."
},
{
"section_header": "Sports",
"text": "These teams include the Los Angeles Dodgers and Los Angeles Angels of Major League Baseball (MLB), the Los Angeles Rams and Los Angeles Chargers of the National Football League (NFL), the Los Angeles Lakers and Los Angeles Clippers of the National Basketball Association (NBA), the Los Angeles Kings and Anaheim Ducks of the National Hockey League (NHL), the Los Angeles Galaxy and Los Angeles Football Club of Major League Soccer (MLS), and the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Los Angeles has a diverse economy and hosts businesses in a broad range of professional and cultural fields."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Pre-colonial history",
"text": "Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2, 1769."
},
{
"section_header": "Sports",
"text": "At one time, the Los Angeles area hosted two NFL teams: the Rams and the Raiders."
},
{
"section_header": "Sports",
"text": "Los Angeles is the second-largest city in the United States but hosted no NFL team between 1995 and 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Environmental issues",
"text": "Los Angeles is also home to the nation's largest urban oil field."
},
{
"section_header": "Sports",
"text": "Prior to 1995, the Rams played their home games in the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum from 1946 to 1979 and the Raiders played their home games at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum from 1982 to 1994."
},
{
"section_header": "Sports",
"text": "Other notable sports teams include the UCLA Bruins and the USC Trojans in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), both of which are Division I teams in the Pac-12 Conference."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542."
}
] |
Los Angeles is home to 2 professional basketball teams.
| 0 | 1 |
Los Angeles
|
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