category
stringclasses 9
values | correct_votes
int64 0
12
| gold_evidence
list | id
stringlengths 20
20
| label
stringclasses 2
values | retrieved_evidence
list | text
stringlengths 16
429
| total_likes
int64 0
7
| total_votes
int64 0
13
| wikipedia_page
stringlengths 3
49
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rogan's early baseball career took place in the U.S. Army, where he played for a famous team in the all-black 25th Infantry."
}
] |
FwFAAFxgaxjMFzJS4tIw
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career",
"text": "On August 6, 1923, Rogan combined with teammate and manager José Méndez to pitch a no-hitter against the Milwaukee Bears, Méndez pitching the first five innings and Rogan the last four."
},
{
"section_header": "Rogan as player and manager",
"text": "He had not only an arm to pitch with but a head to think with."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles Wilber \"Bullet\" Rogan, also known as \"Bullet Joe\" (July 28, 1893 – March 4, 1967), was an American pitcher and outfielder for the Kansas City Monarchs in the Negro baseball leagues from 1920 to 1938."
},
{
"section_header": "Rogan as player and manager",
"text": "And don't think Rogan was nicknamed \"Bullet\" for nothing."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rogan's early baseball career took place in the U.S. Army, where he played for a famous team in the all-black 25th Infantry."
},
{
"section_header": "Rogan as player and manager",
"text": "Bullet had a little more steam on the ball than Paige—and he had a better-breaking curve."
},
{
"section_header": "Career statistics | California Winter League",
"text": "Negro league baseball statistics and player information from Seamheads.com, or Baseball-Reference (Negro leagues) Batting"
},
{
"section_header": "U.S. Army and the 25th Infantry Wreckers",
"text": "He was specifically recruited to play for the regiment's famous baseball team, known as the \"Wreckers.\" He made his debut with the Wreckers on July 4, 1915."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1998."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career",
"text": "As late as 1928 at the age of 34, Bullet Rogan was the best hitter (.358) and arguably the best pitcher (10–2) on the Monarchs."
}
] |
Bullet Rogan was popular in his Army days for his arm in baseball.
| 1 | 6 |
Bullet Rogan
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "He used his positions to arrange prizes for his friends (Jacobus van't Hoff, Wilhelm Ostwald, Theodore Richards) and to attempt to deny them to his enemies (Paul Ehrlich, Walther Nernst, Dmitri Mendeleev)."
}
] |
FwUtCkm6BHAj9GS2iba8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "For the rest of his life, he would be a member of the Nobel Committee on Physics and a de facto member of the Nobel Committee on Chemistry."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "About 1900, Arrhenius became involved in setting up the Nobel Institutes and the Nobel Prizes."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "In 1903 he became the first Swede to be awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "He used his positions to arrange prizes for his friends (Jacobus van't Hoff, Wilhelm Ostwald, Theodore Richards) and to attempt to deny them to his enemies (Paul Ehrlich, Walther Nernst, Dmitri Mendeleev)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1903, becoming the first Swedish Nobel laureate."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Ionic disassociation",
"text": "Later, extensions of this very work would earn him the 1903 Nobel Prize in Chemistry."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "In 1905, upon the founding of the Nobel Institute for Physical Research at Stockholm, he was appointed rector of the institute, the position where he remained until retirement in 1927."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "In 1901 Arrhenius was elected to the Swedish Academy of Sciences, against strong opposition."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Middle period",
"text": "The Arrhenius equation gives the quantitative basis of the relationship between the activation energy and the rate at which a reaction proceeds."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Ionic disassociation",
"text": "The most important idea in the dissertation was his explanation of the fact that solid crystalline salts disassociate into paired charged particles when dissolved, for which he would win the 1903 Nobel Prize in Chemistry."
}
] |
Svante Arrhenius exploited his place to engage in nepotism, giving Nobel prizes to people he liked, and doing other things that should have had him kicked off of the committee. Which undermines the entire point of the prize.
| 0 | 0 |
Svante Arrhenius
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In antiquity, the city-state was known as Lacedaemon (Λακεδαίμων, Lakedaímōn), while the name Sparta referred to its main settlement on the banks of the Eurotas River in Laconia, in south-eastern Peloponnese."
}
] |
FwbTdtuEtI1EWLojuh3v
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Though landlocked, Sparta had a vassal harbor, Gytheio, on the Laconian Gulf."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The admiration of Sparta is known as Laconism or Laconophilia."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure of Classical Spartan society | Constitution",
"text": "24).Civil and criminal cases were decided by a group of officials known as the ephors, as well as a council of elders known as the gerousia."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure of Classical Spartan society | Citizenship",
"text": "The Spartan education process known as the agoge was essential for full citizenship."
},
{
"section_header": "Life in Classical Sparta | Education",
"text": "Post 465 BCE, some Spartan youth apparently became members of an irregular unit known as the Krypteia."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure of Classical Spartan society | Non citizens | Helots",
"text": "κρύπτης kryptēs), graduates of the agoge who took part in the mysterious institution known as the Krypteia."
},
{
"section_header": "Life in Classical Sparta | Birth and death",
"text": "It is commonly stated that if they considered it \"puny and deformed\", the baby was thrown into a chasm on Mount Taygetos known euphemistically as the Apothetae (Gr., ἀποθέται, \"Deposits\")."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Classical Sparta",
"text": "At the peak of its power in the early 4th century BCE, Sparta had subdued many of the main Greek states and even invaded the Persian provinces in Anatolia (modern day Turkey), a period known as the Spartan Hegemony."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In antiquity, the city-state was known as Lacedaemon (Λακεδαίμων, Lakedaímōn), while the name Sparta referred to its main settlement on the banks of the Eurotas River in Laconia, in south-eastern Peloponnese."
},
{
"section_header": "Life in Classical Sparta | Education",
"text": "However, there is no evidence of this in archaic Sparta."
}
] |
Sparta was known as Gytheio.
| 0 | 0 |
Sparta
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Ethnoracial groups",
"text": "Asians make up about 1% of the population, and are largely of Chinese ancestry, followed by Japanese."
}
] |
FwhYUONg6GPeIevqTftD
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Foreign relations",
"text": "Under Castro, Cuba was heavily involved in wars in Africa, Central America and Asia."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Pre-Columbian era",
"text": "Before the arrival of the Spanish, Cuba was inhabited by three distinct tribes of indigenous peoples of the Americas."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The territory that is now Cuba was inhabited by the Ciboney Taíno people from the 4th millennium BC until Spanish colonization in the 15th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The island of Cuba is the largest island in Cuba and in the Caribbean, with an area of 105,006 square kilometers (40,543 sq mi), and the second-most populous after Hispaniola, with over 11 million inhabitants."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Cuba ranked 5th in the hemisphere in per capita income, 3rd in life expectancy, 2nd in per capita ownership of automobiles and telephones, and 1st in the number of television sets per inhabitant."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Republic (1902–1959) | First years (1902–1925)",
"text": "Cuba gained formal independence from the U.S. on 20 May 1902, as the Republic of Cuba."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cuba ( (listen); Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkuβa]), officially the Republic of Cuba (Spanish: República de Cuba ), is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Literature",
"text": "Romanticist Miguel Barnet, who wrote Everyone Dreamed of Cuba, reflects a more melancholy Cuba."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "Cuba is officially a secular state."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "This makes the climate of Cuba warmer than that of Hong Kong, which is at around the same latitude as Cuba but has a subtropical rather than a tropical climate."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Ethnoracial groups",
"text": "Asians make up about 1% of the population, and are largely of Chinese ancestry, followed by Japanese."
}
] |
Cuba hasn't been inhabited by migrants from Asia.
| 1 | 6 |
Cuba
|
Music
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1803–1821: Early years",
"text": "His parents had five more children, three of whom died in infancy; their surviving daughters, Nanci and Adèle, remained close to Berlioz throughout their lives."
}
] |
Fwjgw0hPQAUuWgNog8Ju
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Louis-Hector Berlioz (11 December 1803 – 8 March 1869) was a French Romantic composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1860–1869: Final years",
"text": "After the death of his second wife, Berlioz had two romantic interludes."
},
{
"section_header": "Reputation and Berlioz scholarship | Writers",
"text": "Holoman lists six other French biographies of the composer published in the four decades after his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1803–1821: Early years",
"text": "His parents had five more children, three of whom died in infancy; their surviving daughters, Nanci and Adèle, remained close to Berlioz throughout their lives."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Choral",
"text": "By that time the composer had added to its two choruses a part for massed children's voices, inspired by hearing a choir of 6,500 children singing in St Paul's Cathedral during his London trip in 1851."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1840s: Struggling composer",
"text": "The highly romantic subject was out of step with the times, and one sympathetic reviewer observed that there was an unbridgeable gap between the composer's conception of art and that of the Paris public."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1832–1840: Paris",
"text": "He was the first, but not the last, prominent French composer to double as a reviewer: among his successors were Fauré, Messager, Dukas and Debussy."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1840s: Struggling composer",
"text": "The German public was better disposed than the French to his innovative compositions, and his conducting was seen as highly impressive."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Symphonies",
"text": "Felix Weingartner, an early 20th century champion of the composer, wrote in 1904 that it did not reach the level of the Symphonie fantastique; fifty years later Edward Sackville-West and Desmond Shawe-Taylor found it \"romantic and picturesque ... Berlioz at his best\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Choral",
"text": "Among the generation of French composers ahead of him, Cherubini, Méhul, Gossec and Berlioz's teacher Le Sueur all wrote for huge forces on occasion, and in the Requiem and to a lesser degree the Te Deum Berlioz follows them, in his own manner."
}
] |
Hector Berlioz was a French Romantic composer and was the oldest of 6 children.
| 1 | 2 |
Hector Berlioz
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "After completing the Lyceum in Hasselt she entered the Vrije Universiteit Brussel at 17.Daubechies completed her undergraduate studies in physics at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel in 1975."
}
] |
FwpxmhuyYgMTvqkAVTIH
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Baroness Ingrid Daubechies ( doh-bə-SHEE; French: [dobʃi]; born 17 August 1954) is a Belgian physicist and mathematician."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Daubechies is on the board of directors of Enhancing Diversity in Graduate Education (EDGE), a program that helps women entering graduate studies in the mathematical sciences."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "Daubechies received the Louis Empain Prize for Physics in 1984, awarded once every five years to a Belgian scientist on the basis of work done before the age of 29."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "After completing the Lyceum in Hasselt she entered the Vrije Universiteit Brussel at 17.Daubechies completed her undergraduate studies in physics at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel in 1975."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "She became a foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1999.In 2000, Daubechies became the first woman to receive the National Academy of Sciences Award in Mathematics, presented every 4 years for excellence in published mathematical research."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "During the next few years, she visited the CNRS Center for Theoretical Physics in Marseille several times, where she collaborated with Alex Grossmann; this work was the basis for her doctorate in quantum mechanics."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "At Courant she made her best-known discovery: based on quadrature mirror filter-technology she constructed compactly supported continuous wavelets that would require only a finite amount of processing, in this way enabling wavelet theory to enter the realm of digital signal processing."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The name Daubechies is widely associated with the orthogonal Daubechies wavelet and the biorthogonal CDF wavelet."
},
{
"section_header": "Publications",
"text": "Cohen, I. Daubechies, and A. Ron"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Daubechies was born in Houthalen, Belgium, as the daughter of Marcel Daubechies (a civil mining engineer) and Simonne Duran (then a homemaker, later a criminologist)."
}
] |
Ingrind Daubechies was only 17 years old when she entered college.
| 1 | 4 |
Ingrid Daubechies
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is the co-founder and chairman emeritus of Nike, Inc., and was previously chairman and CEO of the company."
}
] |
Fww1dF6mGIl2wPQI11PQ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Phil Knight serves as Chairman."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Vinton Studios becomes Laika",
"text": "In late 2003, Knight appointed his son to the board and, after Vinton had stepped down— prior to leaving the company with a severance package —Knight rebranded the company Laika."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Phil Knight was born in Portland, Oregon to Bill Knight, a lawyer turned newspaper publisher, and his wife, Lota (Hatfield) Knight."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Post-Nike CEO role",
"text": "In September 2017, Knight decided to come out of retirement to put black back in the UNC jerseys for the Phil Knight Classic in Portland, Oregon."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is also the owner of the stop motion film production company Laika."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | University of Oregon | Oregon Ducks",
"text": "In October 2016, Knight and his wife invested $500 million to build a new campus dedicated to science, called the Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Nike Inc.",
"text": "On the Oprah television program in April 2011, Knight claimed he gave Davidson \"A few hundred shares\" when the company went public."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is the co-founder and chairman emeritus of Nike, Inc., and was previously chairman and CEO of the company."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | University of Oregon | Oregon Ducks",
"text": "In response, athletic director Pat Kilkenny said: \"This extraordinary gift will set Oregon athletics on a course toward certain self sufficiency and create the flexibility and financial capacity for the university to move forward with the new athletic arena.\" At the time, the donation was the largest philanthropic gift in the history of the university."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Vinton Studios becomes Laika",
"text": "Following mainstream success in the late 1990s, Will Vinton Studios animation company sought external investors due to rapid growth, including Knight, who assumed a 15 percent stake in the company, in 1998, and facilitated the employment of his son Travis– who had graduated from PSU following an unsuccessful attempt at a rap music career –as an animator."
}
] |
Phil Knight created the company ASICS.
| 0 | 6 |
Phil Knight
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Spanish Civil War (Spanish: Guerra Civil Española) was a civil war in Spain fought from 1936 to 1939."
}
] |
FxxFx0qbixlb0Kb0bxwM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Foreign involvement | Support for the Nationalists | Portugal",
"text": "\"On 8 September 1936, a naval revolt took place in Lisbon."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Spanish Civil War (Spanish: Guerra Civil Española) was a civil war in Spain fought from 1936 to 1939."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mass executions on a lesser scale also took place in areas controlled by the Republicans, with the participation of local authorities varying from location to location."
},
{
"section_header": "Consequences | Economic effects",
"text": "The Spanish economy took decades to recover."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "It remained in power until the culmination of the Spanish Civil War."
},
{
"section_header": "Foreign involvement",
"text": "The Spanish Civil War exposed political divisions across Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Consequences | International relations",
"text": "The Spanish Civil War, Payne argues, was thus a much more clear-cut revolutionary/counterrevolutionary battle between the left and right, while the Second World War initially had the fascists and communists on the same side with the Nazi-Soviet invasion of Eastern Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Course of the war | 1937",
"text": "Gijón finally fell in late October in the Asturias Offensive."
},
{
"section_header": "Foreign involvement",
"text": "The Spanish Civil War involved large numbers of non-Spanish citizens who participated in combat and advisory positions."
},
{
"section_header": "Art and propaganda",
"text": "The Army of Africa would feature a place in propaganda on both sides, due to the complex history of the Army and Spanish colonialism in North Africa."
}
] |
The Spanish Civil War took place between late 1840's and early 1850's.
| 2 | 5 |
Spanish Civil War
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gordon Stanley \"Mickey\" Cochrane (April 6, 1903 – June 28, 1962), nicknamed \"Black Mike\", was an American professional baseball player, manager and coach."
}
] |
Fy2kpsuNHGwicirszr9M
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Detroit Tigers",
"text": "This accident generated a call for protective helmets for batters, although tradition won out at that time."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cochrane died of cancer in 1962."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Philadelphia Athletics",
"text": "Cochrane was born in Bridgewater, Massachusetts."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Detroit Tigers",
"text": "Cochrane had homered in his previous at-bat that day."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Detroit Tigers",
"text": "Hospitalized for seven days, Cochrane nearly died from the injury."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cochrane was born in Massachusetts and was a multi-sport athlete at Boston University."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Detroit Tigers",
"text": "Cochrane returned to the dugout to continue managing the Tigers but had lost his competitive fire."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Philadelphia Athletics",
"text": "Cochrane was educated at Boston University, where he played five sports, excelling at football and basketball."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Philadelphia Athletics",
"text": "By the start of the 1926 season, Cochrane was already considered the best catcher in the major leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Philadelphia Athletics",
"text": "Notwithstanding this, the blame for the 1931 World Series loss dogged Cochrane for the rest of his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gordon Stanley \"Mickey\" Cochrane (April 6, 1903 – June 28, 1962), nicknamed \"Black Mike\", was an American professional baseball player, manager and coach."
}
] |
Cochrane was called "Black Mike".
| 0 | 0 |
Mickey Cochrane
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life | 1653–1674: Early youth and education (Nuremberg, Altdorf, Regensburg)",
"text": "The exact date of Johann's birth is unknown, but since he was baptized on 1 September, he may have been born in late August."
}
] |
Fy3KxJXRpcWhQBtNgImL
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life | 1690–1706: Final years (Stuttgart, Gotha, Nuremberg)",
"text": "Johann Pachelbel died at the age of 52, in early March 1706, and was buried on 9 March; Mattheson cites either 3 March or 7 March 1706 as the death date, yet it is unlikely that the corpse was allowed to linger unburied as long as six days."
},
{
"section_header": "Works",
"text": "During his lifetime, Pachelbel was best known as an organ composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Keyboard music | Fugues",
"text": "This means that Pachelbel may have used his own tuning system, of which little is known."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1673–1690: Career (Vienna, Eisenach, Erfurt)",
"text": "While there, he may have known or even taught Pachelbel, whose music shows traces of Kerll's style."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Keyboard music",
"text": "Pachelbel employed white mensural notation when writing out numerous compositions (several chorales, all ricercars, some fantasias); a notational system that uses hollow note heads and omits bar lines (measure delimiters)."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Keyboard music | Chaconnes and variations",
"text": "The final piece, which is also the most well-known today, is subtitled Aria Sebaldina, a reference to St. Sebaldus Church where Pachelbel worked at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Posthumous influence",
"text": "As the Baroque style went out of fashion during the 18th century, the majority of Baroque and pre-Baroque composers were virtually forgotten."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1690–1706: Final years (Stuttgart, Gotha, Nuremberg)",
"text": "Contemporary custom was to bury the dead on the third or fourth post-mortem day; so, either 6 or 7 March 1706 is a likelier death date."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1673–1690: Career (Vienna, Eisenach, Erfurt)",
"text": "Pachelbel became godfather to Johann Ambrosius' daughter, Johanna Juditha, taught Johann Christoph Bach (1671–1721), Johann Sebastian's eldest brother, and lived in Johann Christian Bach's (1640–1682) house."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Today, Pachelbel is best known for the Canon in D, as well as the Chaconne in F minor, the Toccata in E minor for organ, and the Hexachordum Apollinis, a set of keyboard variations."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1653–1674: Early youth and education (Nuremberg, Altdorf, Regensburg)",
"text": "The exact date of Johann's birth is unknown, but since he was baptized on 1 September, he may have been born in late August."
}
] |
The day that Johann Pachelbel came out of the womb is not known.
| 0 | 4 |
Johann Pachelbel
|
Music
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Their second album, Discovery, had further success, supported by hit singles \"One More Time\", \"Digital Love\" and \"Harder, Better, Faster, Stronger\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2016, Daft Punk gained their first number one on the Billboard Hot 100 with the song \"Starboy\", a collaboration with The Weeknd."
}
] |
FyTz9Yh3RhyYKQNCVYP3
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 2016–present: Recent projects",
"text": "On 21 June 2017, the Australian band Parcels released the song \"Overnight\", produced and co-written by Daft Punk."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2016, Daft Punk gained their first number one on the Billboard Hot 100 with the song \"Starboy\", a collaboration with The Weeknd."
},
{
"section_header": "Tributes",
"text": "In the 2020 animated film Trolls World Tour, Daft Punk's song \"One More Time\" was featured in a musical number sung by the Techno Troll, King Trollex, voiced by Anthony Ramos."
},
{
"section_header": "Tributes",
"text": "A medley of Daft Punk songs was played at the 2017 Bastille Day parade by a French military band, in front of French President Emmanuel Macron and his many guests, including U.S. President Donald Trump."
},
{
"section_header": "Visual components and image",
"text": "According to Bangalter, the duo has a \"general rule about not appearing in videos.\" Although Daft Punk rarely grants interviews, Bangalter is cited as being the more talkative and opinionated one of the duo."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Daft Punk are a French electronic music duo formed in Paris in 1993 by Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo and Thomas Bangalter."
},
{
"section_header": "Tributes",
"text": "DJs Marc Mysterio and Téo Moss released a cover version of \"One More Time\" featuring the vocals of Yardi Don."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Their second album, Discovery, had further success, supported by hit singles \"One More Time\", \"Digital Love\" and \"Harder, Better, Faster, Stronger\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2016–present: Recent projects",
"text": "Both songs appeared on The Weeknd's album Starboy."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1999–2003: Discovery",
"text": "The album reached No. 2 in the United Kingdom, and its single, \"One More Time\", was a major club and mainstream hit that nearly topped the UK Singles Chart."
}
] |
The music band, Daft Punk, is a French duo that has written songs like Starboy, Brass Monkey and One More Time.
| 4 | 6 |
Daft Punk
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The War of 1812 was a conflict fought between the United States and its allies against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and its own allies."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It began when the United States declared war in June 1812 and ended in a stalemate when a peace treaty agreed earlier was ratified by the United States in February 1815."
}
] |
FyvHoQzraPxmblSf2ha2
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Memory and historiography | Historians' views",
"text": "Insofar as they see the war's resolution as allowing two centuries of peaceful and mutually beneficial intercourse between Britain, British Canada and the United States, historians conclude that all three nations were \"the real winners\" of the War of 1812."
},
{
"section_header": "Long-term consequences | United States",
"text": "At the Hartford Convention held between December 1814 and January 1815, Federalist delegates deprecated the war effort and sought more autonomy for the New England states."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It began when the United States declared war in June 1812 and ended in a stalemate when a peace treaty agreed earlier was ratified by the United States in February 1815."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The War of 1812 was a conflict fought between the United States and its allies against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and its own allies."
},
{
"section_header": "Losses and compensation",
"text": "In the United States, the economy grew every year from 1812 to 1815, despite a large loss of business by East Coast shipping interests."
},
{
"section_header": "Long-term consequences | United States",
"text": "They did not call for secession but word of the angry anti-war resolutions appeared as peace was announced and the victory at New Orleans was known."
},
{
"section_header": "Course of war | Atlantic theater | Blockade",
"text": "Eventually, the United States government was driven to issue orders to stop illicit trading."
},
{
"section_header": "Long-term consequences",
"text": "Except for occasional border disputes and some tensions during the American Civil War, relations between the United States and Britain remained peaceful for the rest of the 19th century and the two countries became close allies in the 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Course of war | Atlantic theater | Single-ship actions",
"text": "The only engagement between two brig-sloops was between the British Cruizer-class brig Pelican (1812) and the United States' Argus where Pelican emerged the victor as she had greater firepower and tonnage, despite having fewer crew."
},
{
"section_header": "Long-term consequences",
"text": "and yet it changed much between the United States and Britain."
}
] |
The War of 1812 was a dispute between the United States and the UK that stopped with a resolution in 1815.
| 0 | 0 |
War of 1812
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Arms and the Man is a comedy by George Bernard Shaw, whose title comes from the opening words of Virgil's Aeneid, in Latin: Arma virumque cano (\"Of arms and the man I sing\").The play was first produced on 21 April 1894 at the Avenue Theatre and published in 1898 as part of Shaw's Plays Pleasant volume, which also included Candida, You Never Can Tell, and The Man of Destiny."
}
] |
FzFrrCGpbD31yma4h5Ey
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "George Orwell said that Arms and the Man was written when Shaw was at the height of his powers as a dramatist."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Arms and the Man is a comedy by George Bernard Shaw, whose title comes from the opening words of Virgil's Aeneid, in Latin: Arma virumque cano (\"Of arms and the man I sing\").The play was first produced on 21 April 1894 at the Avenue Theatre and published in 1898 as part of Shaw's Plays Pleasant volume, which also included Candida, You Never Can Tell, and The Man of Destiny."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "\"It is probably the wittiest play he ever wrote, the most flawless technically, and in spite of being a very light comedy, the most telling.\" Orwell says that Arms and the Man wears well"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Arms and the Man was one of Shaw's first commercial successes."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsequent productions",
"text": "Marlon Brando's final stage appearance was in Arms and the Man in 1953."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsequent productions",
"text": ", New York put on a production of Arms and the Man in 1983 with Kelsey Grammer as Sergius."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Bluntschli gets a telegram informing him of his father's death: he must now take over the family business, several luxury hotels in Switzerland."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "A filmed version of Arms and the Man in German entitled Helden (Heroes) starring O. W. Fischer and Liselotte Pulver was runner up for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1958."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "When Shaw gave Leopold Jacobson the rights to adapt the play into what became the operetta The Chocolate Soldier (1908) with music by Oscar Straus, he provided three conditions: none of Shaw's dialogue nor any of his character's names could be used, the libretto must be advertised as a parody of Shaw's work, and Shaw would accept no monetary compensation."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "so many?\"Arms and the Man is a humorous play that shows the futility of war and deals comedically with the hypocrisies of human nature."
}
] |
Arms and the Man is a comedy by George Orwell and gets its name from Virgil's epic poem.
| 0 | 0 |
Arms and the Man
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Minor leagues",
"text": "The Philadelphia Athletics bought his contract that year, but Fox did not get to play for them then because he was called to service and was stationed in Korea in 1946."
}
] |
FzJAbTy1hwLdEJK7TcJU
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later years",
"text": "He co-owned and managed Nellie Fox Bowl in Chambersburg after retiring from baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "If you had eight Nellie Foxes, all with his spirit and determination, I think you'd have a winning team."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | Later seasons",
"text": "Morgan grew up hitting with a Nellie Fox model bat, which had a large barrel and large handle."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Prior to his Hall of Fame election, a group of fans formed the Nellie Fox Society to promote his case for induction."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Jim Lemon, who played for the White Sox with Fox in 1963, said that Fox's cancer \"had to be incurable – because if it wasn't, Nellie would have beat it.\" Former White Sox manager Al López described how Fox had found success through hard work rather than natural ability: \"He wasn't fast and didn't have an arm, but he worked hard to develop what he needed to make himself a good all-around ballplayer."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years",
"text": "Fox was diagnosed with skin cancer in 1973."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Fox caught the attention of Mack who signed him to a professional contract."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | Defensive skills",
"text": "Fox was one of the best second basemen in the major leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years",
"text": "Fox died on December 1, 1975, at the age of 47."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Fox was not selected to the Hall of Fame in his initial period of eligibility."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Minor leagues",
"text": "The Philadelphia Athletics bought his contract that year, but Fox did not get to play for them then because he was called to service and was stationed in Korea in 1946."
}
] |
Nellie Fox was drafted by the military.
| 0 | 1 |
Nellie Fox
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Themes and patterns | Guest-friendship",
"text": "Throughout the course of the epic, Odysseus encounters several examples of xenia (\"guest-friendship\"), which provide models of how hosts should and should not act."
}
] |
FzcKVyeXXnOA6P88v2gD
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Themes and patterns | Testing",
"text": "This occurs in two distinct ways."
},
{
"section_header": "Character of Odysseus",
"text": "\"One flaw that Odysseus displays is that of arrogance and pride (or hubris)."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes and patterns | Testing",
"text": "Another theme throughout the Odyssey is testing."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Odysseus' account of his adventures",
"text": "He told his sailors not to untie him as it would only make him want to drown himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes and patterns | Omens",
"text": "The omens seen in the Odyssey are also a recurring theme throughout the epic."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Odysseus' account of his adventures",
"text": "All of the sailors had their ears plugged up with beeswax, except for Odysseus, who was tied to the mast as he wanted to hear the song."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Odysseus' account of his adventures",
"text": "Just as Ithaca came into sight, the greedy sailors naively opened the bag while Odysseus slept, thinking it contained gold."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences on the Odyssey",
"text": "Scholars have seen strong influences from Near Eastern mythology and literature in the Odyssey."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences on the Odyssey",
"text": "Martin West has noted substantial parallels between the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Odyssey."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Odysseus' account of his adventures",
"text": "They skirted the land of the Sirens, who sang an enchanting song that normally caused passing sailors to steer toward the rocks, only to hit them and sink."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes and patterns | Guest-friendship",
"text": "Throughout the course of the epic, Odysseus encounters several examples of xenia (\"guest-friendship\"), which provide models of how hosts should and should not act."
}
] |
The Odyssey has a distinct theme of displaying the proper etiquette for a sailor.
| 0 | 1 |
Odyssey
|
History
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Other enactments",
"text": "In June 1864, Lincoln approved the Yosemite Grant enacted by Congress, which provided unprecedented federal protection for the area now known as Yosemite National Park."
}
] |
FzeHKJQVnNZI1jVzbD5i
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memory and memorials",
"text": "Lincoln Memorial is one of the most visited monuments in the nation's capital, and is one of the top five visited National Park Service sites in the country."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Other enactments",
"text": "In June 1864, Lincoln approved the Yosemite Grant enacted by Congress, which provided unprecedented federal protection for the area now known as Yosemite National Park."
},
{
"section_header": "U.S. House of Representatives, 1847–1849 | Political views",
"text": "Taylor won and Lincoln hoped in vain to be appointed Commissioner of the General Land Office."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Reconstruction",
"text": "His Amnesty Proclamation of December 8, 1863, offered pardons to those who had not held a Confederate civil office and had not mistreated Union prisoners, if they were willing to sign an oath of allegiance."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Reconstruction",
"text": "His main goal was to keep the union together, so he proceeded by focusing not on whom to blame, but on how to rebuild the nation as one."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | The Civil War | Emancipation Proclamation",
"text": "Lincoln's comment on signing the Proclamation was: \"I never, in my life, felt more certain that I was doing right, than I do in signing this paper.\" He spent the next 100 days preparing the army and the nation for emancipation, while Democrats rallied their voters by warning of the threat that freed slaves posed to northern whites."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Historical reputation",
"text": "Sociologist Barry Schwartz argues that in the 1930s and 1940s, the memory of Abraham Lincoln was practically sacred and provided the nation with \"a moral symbol inspiring and guiding American life\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Secession and inauguration",
"text": "That doomed amendment would have protected slavery in states where it already existed."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and childhood | Early life",
"text": "Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, the second child of Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Hanks Lincoln, in a one-room log cabin on Sinking Spring Farm near Hodgenville, Kentucky."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Reconstruction",
"text": "But time and again during the war, Lincoln, after initial opposition, had come to embrace positions first advanced by abolitionists and Radical Republicans. ... Lincoln undoubtedly would have listened carefully to the outcry for further protection for the former slaves ... It is entirely plausible to imagine Lincoln and Congress agreeing on a Reconstruction policy that encompassed federal protection for basic civil rights plus limited black suffrage, along the lines Lincoln proposed just before his death."
}
] |
When he was in office, Abraham signed off on a proposal that would protect the land for as Yellowstone National Park.
| 3 | 6 |
Abraham Lincoln
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played in Major League Baseball as a left-handed pitcher in 1942 and then from 1946 until 1965, most notably for the Boston Braves who became the Milwaukee Braves after the team moved west before the 1953 season."
}
] |
FzgNZdMwi0q4LIKexlQg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | \"Pray for rain\"",
"text": "The team swept a Labor Day doubleheader, with Spahn throwing a complete 14-inning win in the opener, and Sain pitching a shutout in the second game."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "He also coached for the Mexico City Tigers, and pitched a handful of games there."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Milwaukee Braves",
"text": "Spahn maintained that \"A pitcher needs two pitches — one they're looking for, and one to cross 'em up.\" He was thus able to maintain his position as one of the game's top pitchers until his 19th season in the sport."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Milwaukee Braves",
"text": "Spahn pitched on two other Braves pennant winners, in 1948 and 1958."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "One resides at the Oklahoma Sports Hall of Fame located at the Oklahoma City Bricktown Ballpark and the other is located in Hartshorne, Oklahoma at the Hartshorne Event Center."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Brief call-up",
"text": "Spahn had pitched in only 4 games, allowing 15 runs (10 earned) in 15 2⁄3 innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played in Major League Baseball as a left-handed pitcher in 1942 and then from 1946 until 1965, most notably for the Boston Braves who became the Milwaukee Braves after the team moved west before the 1953 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Career statistics",
"text": "a 3.09 ERA in 5,243⅔ innings pitched, including 63 shutouts and 382 complete games."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Milwaukee Braves",
"text": "During the 14th-inning visit, Marichal told Dark, \"Do you see that man pitching for the other side?"
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | \"Pray for rain\"",
"text": "Sain won the next day. After one more off day, the two pitchers were brought back, and won another doubleheader."
}
] |
Warren Spahn pitched most of his MLB career playing for one team but in two different cities.
| 1 | 1 |
Warren Spahn
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At the 85th Academy Awards it had eleven nominations, including Best Picture and Best Adapted Screenplay, and won four (the most for the show) including Best Director for Ang Lee."
}
] |
G1FeJRFVYbpWWKzkYJ9q
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "It was nominated for three Golden Globe Awards and won for Best Original Score."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Controversies and animal abuse allegations",
"text": "A trust named after Carnatic musician Irayimman Thampi has accused Bombay Jayashri's Oscar-nominated song \"Pi's Lullaby\" of not being an original composition."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Controversies and animal abuse allegations",
"text": "Bill Westenhofer also discusses his experience at the Oscars as he accepted a Visual Effects award for Rhythm & Hues' work on Life of Pi."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was nominated for three Golden Globe Awards which included the Best Picture – Drama and the Best Director and won the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At the 85th Academy Awards it had eleven nominations, including Best Picture and Best Adapted Screenplay, and won four (the most for the show) including Best Director for Ang Lee."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Controversies and animal abuse allegations",
"text": "Inside, during the Oscars, when R&H visual effects supervisor Bill Westenhofer brought up R&H during his acceptance speech for Life of Pi, the microphone was cut off."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "The film has been described as containing a \"subtle, artistic warning\" about the dangers of increased anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions and ocean acidification, the acidic island Pi and Richard Parker encounter being compared to Castello Aragonese in the Tyrrhenian Sea near Naples and Richard Parker's final dismissive departure representing the \"not too pleasant face of Gaia (see Gaia hypothesis).\" Life of Pi was nominated for eleven Academy Awards and won four (more than any other film from 2012): Best Director (Ang Lee), Best Cinematography (Claudio Miranda), Best Visual Effects (Bill Westenhofer, Guillaume Rocheron, Erik-Jan de Boer and Donald R. Elliott) and Best Original Score (Mychael Danna)."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Post-production",
"text": "He asked, 'Does a digital character look more or less real in 3D?'"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "In an interview with the Los Angeles Times, Cameron himself highlighted the film's use of 3D, noting that Life of Pi breaks the paradigm that 3-D has to be some big, action fantasy spectacle, superhero movie ... The movie is visually amazing, inventive, and it works on you in ways you're not really aware of."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Post-production",
"text": "The British Film Institute's Sight & Sound magazine suggested that, \"Life of Pi can be seen as the film Rhythm & Hues has been building up to all these years, by taking things they learned from each production from Cats & Dogs to Yogi Bear, integrating their animals in different situations and environments, pushing them to do more, and understanding how all of this can succeed both visually and dramatically.\"Artist"
}
] |
Life of Pi is a movie that won more than 50 percent of the Oscars that it was nominated for.
| 0 | 0 |
Life of Pi (film)
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Location and history",
"text": "The Temple of Artemis was located near the ancient city of Ephesus, about 75 kilometres (47 mi) south from the modern port city of İzmir, in Turkey."
}
] |
G1PepHwvNm1nbHKZpLXs
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Location and history",
"text": "The peripteral temple at Ephesus offers the earliest example of a peripteral type on the coast of Asia Minor, and perhaps the earliest Greek temple surrounded by colonnades anywhere."
},
{
"section_header": "Location and history",
"text": "The Temple of Artemis was located near the ancient city of Ephesus, about 75 kilometres (47 mi) south from the modern port city of İzmir, in Turkey."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Temple of Artemis or Artemision (Greek: Ἀρτεμίσιον; Turkish: Artemis Tapınağı), also known less precisely as the Temple of Diana, was a Greek temple dedicated to an ancient, local form of the goddess Artemis (associated with Diana, a Roman goddess)."
},
{
"section_header": "Cult and influence",
"text": "Artemis' shrines, temples and festivals (Artemisia) could be found throughout the Greek world, but Ephesian Artemis was unique."
},
{
"section_header": "Location and history",
"text": "Heraclitus deposited his book \" On Nature\" as a dedication to Artemis in the great temple."
},
{
"section_header": "Cult and influence",
"text": "The literary accounts that describe it as \"Amazonian\" refer to the later founder-myths of Greek emigres who developed the cult and temple of Artemis Ephesia."
},
{
"section_header": "Ephesian Artemis",
"text": "From the Greek point of view, the Ephesian Artemis is a distinctive form of their goddess Artemis."
},
{
"section_header": "Location and history",
"text": "Tacitus also believed in the Amazon foundation, however Pausanias believed the temple predated the Amazons."
},
{
"section_header": "Ephesian Artemis",
"text": "In Greek cult and myth, Artemis is the twin of Apollo, a virgin huntress who supplanted the Titan Selene as goddess of the Moon."
},
{
"section_header": "Second phase",
"text": "It was 115 m (377 ft) long and 46 m (151 ft) wide, supposedly the first Greek temple built of marble."
}
] |
The Temple of Artemis is not located in Greece but it is a Greek temple.
| 0 | 0 |
Temple of Artemis
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Marriages and children",
"text": "He helped her with issues regarding her name appearing on a Communist blacklist in Hollywood."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriages and children",
"text": "She had been mistaken for another Nancy Davis."
}
] |
G1X94Xi5nt3BEa71sZfd
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Entertainment career | Screen Actors Guild presidency",
"text": "Reagan was first elected to the Board of Directors of the Screen Actors Guild (SAG) in 1941, serving as an alternate member."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As president of the Screen Actors Guild, Reagan worked to root out communist influence."
},
{
"section_header": "Entertainment career | Television",
"text": "Following their marriage in 1952, Ronald and Nancy Reagan, who continued to use the stage name Nancy Davis, acted together in three TV series episodes, including a 1958 installment of General Electric Theater titled \"A Turkey for the President\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Entertainment career | HUAC's Hollywood hearings",
"text": "the House Un-American Activities Committee) expect us to constitute ourselves as a little FBI of our own and determine just who is a Commie and who isn't?\" In October 1947 during HUAC's Hollywood hearings, Reagan (whose name also appears as \"Regan\" in text of the hearings printed by the US GPO testified as resident of the Screen Actors Guild:) testified: There has been a small group within the Screen Actors Guild which has consistently opposed the policy of the guild board and officers of the guild... suspected of more or less following the tactics that we associate with the Communist Party... At times they have attempted to be a disruptive influence... I have heard different discussions and some of them tagged as Communists... I found myself misled into being a sponsor on another occasion for a function that was held under the auspices of the Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee."
},
{
"section_header": "Entertainment career | Screen Actors Guild presidency",
"text": "Also during his tenure, Reagan was instrumental in securing residuals for television actors when their episodes were re-run, and later, for motion picture actors when their studio films aired on TV."
},
{
"section_header": "Entertainment career | FBI informant",
"text": "Four decades later it was revealed that, during the late 1940s, Reagan (under the code name T-10) and his then-wife, Jane Wyman, provided the FBI with the names of actors within the motion picture industry whom they believed to be communist sympathizers."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriages and children",
"text": "Reagan and Wyman continued to be friends until his death, with Wyman voting for Reagan in both his runs and, upon his death, saying \"America has lost a great president and a great, kind, and gentle man.\" Reagan met actress Nancy Davis (1921–2016) in 1949 after she contacted him in his capacity as president of the Screen Actors Guild."
},
{
"section_header": "Entertainment career | Screen Actors Guild presidency",
"text": "First instituted in 1947 by Studio executives who agreed that they would not employ anyone believed to be or to have been Communists or sympathetic with radical politics, the blacklist grew steadily larger during the early 1950s as the U.S. Congress continued to investigate domestic political subversion."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency (1989–2004) | Alzheimer's disease | Progression (1994–2004)",
"text": "He was able to recognize only a few people, including his wife, Nancy."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriages and children",
"text": "She had been mistaken for another Nancy Davis."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriages and children",
"text": "He helped her with issues regarding her name appearing on a Communist blacklist in Hollywood."
}
] |
As president of the Screen Actors Guild, Ronald Reagan assisted his future wife, who performed with the stage name Nancy Davis, in clearing the charge of being a suspected communist.
| 3 | 4 |
Ronald Reagan
|
Music
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She gained prominence during the disco era of the late 1970s and became known as the \"Queen of Disco\", while her music gained a global following."
}
] |
G1iT4x5PBASrV1wEVfW2
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Unlike some other stars of disco who faded as the music became less popular in the early 1980s, Summer was able to grow beyond the genre and segued to a pop-rock sound."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She attended Boston's Jeremiah E. Burke High School where she performed in school musicals and was considered popular."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1974–1979: Initial success",
"text": "Bogart played the song at one of his extravagant industry parties, where it was so popular with the crowd, they insisted that it be played over and over, each time it ended."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1974–1979: Initial success",
"text": "Due to an error on the record cover, Donna Sommer became Donna Summer; the name stuck."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While influenced by the counterculture of the 1960s, Summer became the lead singer of a psychedelic rock band named Crow and moved to New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1986–1989",
"text": "\" became a top ten hit in several countries in Europe, prompting Warner Bros.' sister company, Atlantic Records, to sign Summer in the U.S."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2000–2009: Later recordings and Crayons",
"text": "The dramatic ballad was produced by David Foster and dance remixes were also issued to DJs and became another dance floor success for Summer, peaking at No. 2 on the same chart in 2000."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1974–1979: Initial success",
"text": "She became the first Female Artist to have three number-one singles in a calendar year."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1986–1989",
"text": "The single peaked at No. 7 on the US Hot 100 and became her 12th Gold single in America."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1974–1979: Initial success",
"text": "The week of November 11, 1978, Summer became the first female artist of the modern rock era to have the No. 1 single on the Hot 100 and album on the Billboard 200 charts, simultaneously."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She gained prominence during the disco era of the late 1970s and became known as the \"Queen of Disco\", while her music gained a global following."
}
] |
Summer became popular in the 60's.
| 1 | 2 |
Donna Summer
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "By age 13, Wahlberg had developed an addiction to cocaine and other substances."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He did not receive his high school diploma until June 2013."
}
] |
G1vnOuBSbbBorKBsjXD6
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mark Robert Michael Wahlberg (born June 5, 1971) is an American actor, producer, restaurateur and former rapper."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Film",
"text": "He had said in a number of interviews that he would retire at the age of 40 to concentrate on parenthood and professional golf."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Wahlberg was raised Catholic and attended Copley Square High School on Newbury Street in Boston."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He did not receive his high school diploma until June 2013."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Film",
"text": "Wahlberg donated the money to Time's Up, a movement against sexual harassment co-founded by Williams."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Music",
"text": "Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation condemned him and berated Calvin Klein for using him to promote their products."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Business interests",
"text": "Wahlberg, together with former GNC executive Tom Dowd, co-founded Performance Inspired, a sports nutrition company launched in 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Film",
"text": "Wahlberg topped the list of the world's highest-paid actors in 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Business interests",
"text": "The dealership was renamed Mark Wahlberg Chevrolet."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was the youngest of nine children, including actor Robert and singer and actor Donnie."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "By age 13, Wahlberg had developed an addiction to cocaine and other substances."
}
] |
Mark Wahlberg is an actor and producer who found it hard to concentrate at school while using illegal drugs.
| 0 | 0 |
Mark Wahlberg
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "According to the OECD's own poverty line (defined as the percentage of a country's population who earns 60% or less of the national median income) 20% of Mexico's population lives in a situation of poverty."
}
] |
G1wnr49jgYxIYLmnSpJm
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "The OECD also notes that Mexico's budgeted expenses for poverty alleviation and social development is only about a third of the OECD average."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Emigration",
"text": "both European destinations represent almost two-thirds of the Mexican population living in the continent."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "According to the OECD's own poverty line (defined as the percentage of a country's population who earns 60% or less of the national median income) 20% of Mexico's population lives in a situation of poverty."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "According to said council, from 2006 to 2010 (year on which the CONEVAL published its first nationwide report of poverty) the portion of Mexicans who live in poverty rose from 18%-19% to 46% (52 million people)."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Said economists do point out that the percentage of people living in poverty according to Mexico's national poverty line is around 40 times higher than the one reported by the World Bank's international poverty line (with said difference being the biggest in the world) and ponder if it would not be better for countries in the situation of Mexico to adopt internationalized standards to measure poverty so the numbers obtained could be used to make accurate international comparisons."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "However, rather than Mexico's economy crashing, international economists attribute the huge increase in the percentage of population living below the country's poverty line to the CONEVAL using new standards to define it, as now besides people who lives below the economic welfare line, people who lacks at least one \"social need\" such as complete education, access to healthcare, access to regular food, housing services and goods, social security etc. were considered to be living in poverty (several countries do collect information regarding the persistence of said vulnerabilities on their population, but Mexico is the only one that classifies people lacking one or more of those needs as living below its national poverty line)."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Although multiple international organizations coincide and classify Mexico as an upper middle income country, or a middle class country Mexico's National Council for the Evaluation of Social Development Policy (CONEVAL), which is the organization in charge to measure the country's poverty reports that a huge percentage of Mexico's population lives in poverty."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Energy",
"text": "Mexico is the country with the world's third largest solar potential."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, Mexico continues to struggle with social inequalities, poverty and extensive crime; the country ranks poorly on the Global Peace Index."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "Ranked third-largest in Mexico is The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, whose members are known as Mormons; the 2010 census reported 314,932 members, though the church in 2009 claimed to have over one million registered members."
}
] |
A third of Mexico lives in poverty.
| 0 | 0 |
Mexico
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Harris's father-in-law during his first marriage, which ended in divorce in 1951, was Howard Sutherland, former United States Senator from West Virginia."
}
] |
G281zlOPjBzaUmU5OoRR
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Front office career",
"text": "He died in Bethesda, Maryland, on his 81st birthday, and was buried at St. Peter's Lutheran Church in Hughestown."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Bucky Harris left school at age 13 to work at a local colliery, the Butler Mine, as an office boy and, later, a weigh master."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Stanley Raymond \"Bucky\" Harris (November 8, 1896 – November 8, 1977) was an American professional baseball second baseman, manager and executive."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career after 1925 | Senators, Tigers, Red Sox and Phillies (1926–1943)",
"text": "Harris then took Cronin's old job, returning to Clark Griffith and the Senators."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career after 1925 | Senators, Tigers, Red Sox and Phillies (1926–1943)",
"text": "After Harris‘ back-to-back pennants in 1924–1925, he was able to keep the Senators in the first division for the next three seasons, but their win totals declined, from 96 (1925) to 81 (1926), then 85 (1927)."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career after 1925 | Final terms with Senators and Tigers (1950–1956)",
"text": "Harris returned to the minor leagues in 1949, as manager of the San Diego Padres of the Pacific Coast League, before launching his third stint as skipper of the Senators, coming off a 104-loss 1949 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing and player-manager career",
"text": "Harris spent most of his playing career as a second baseman with the Senators (1919–1928)."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career after 1925 | Final terms with Senators and Tigers (1950–1956)",
"text": "Nevertheless, the Tigers chose Harris to replace Fred Hutchinson as their manager for 1955, and in the first season of his second term in Detroit, Harris again produced a turnaround."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career after 1925 | Senators, Tigers, Red Sox and Phillies (1926–1943)",
"text": "In the waning days of 1933, Harris stepped down."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career after 1925 | Senators, Tigers, Red Sox and Phillies (1926–1943)",
"text": "Harris signed as manager of the Red Sox for 1934."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Harris's father-in-law during his first marriage, which ended in divorce in 1951, was Howard Sutherland, former United States Senator from West Virginia."
}
] |
Bucky Harris was married to the daughter of a Senator until he died, leaving her a widow.
| 1 | 3 |
Bucky Harris
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Best Years of Our Lives (aka Glory for Me and Home Again) is a 1946 American drama film directed by William Wyler, and starring Myrna Loy, Fredric March, Dana Andrews, Teresa Wright, Virginia Mayo, and Harold Russell."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film is about three United States servicemen re-adjusting to civilian life after coming home from World War II."
}
] |
G2ezePEDm02vIm3dRdxi
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Just after the end of World War II, three returning veterans meet while flying home to Boone City."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film is about three United States servicemen re-adjusting to civilian life after coming home from World War II."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Recounting the interrelated story of three veterans right after the end of World War II, The Best Years of Our Lives began filming just over seven months after the war's end, starting on April 15, 1946 at a variety of locations, including the Los Angeles County Arboretum and Botanic Garden, Ontario International Airport in Ontario, California, Raleigh Studios in Hollywood, and the Samuel Goldwyn/Warner Hollywood Studios."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Best Years of Our Lives won seven Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Director (William Wyler), Best Actor (Fredric March),"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Upon its release, The Best Years of Our Lives received extremely positive reviews from critics."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Best Years of Our Lives has a 96% \"Fresh\" rating at Rotten Tomatoes, based on 56 reviews."
},
{
"section_header": "Radio adaptation",
"text": "On April 17, 1949, Screen Directors Playhouse presented The Best Years of Our Lives on NBC."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Awards and honors",
"text": "American Film Institute included the film as #37 in its 1998 AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies, as #11 in its 2006 AFI's 100 Years... 100 Cheers, and as #37 in its 2007 AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "For The Best Years of Our Lives, he asked the principal actors to purchase their own clothes, in order to connect with daily life and produce an authentic feeling."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "In The Best Years of Our Lives cinematographer Gregg Toland used deep focus photography, in which objects both close to and distant from the camera are in sharp focus."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Best Years of Our Lives (aka Glory for Me and Home Again) is a 1946 American drama film directed by William Wyler, and starring Myrna Loy, Fredric March, Dana Andrews, Teresa Wright, Virginia Mayo, and Harold Russell."
}
] |
The Best Years of Our Lives was a movie about veterans that re-enter the civilian world after World War ll.
| 0 | 1 |
The Best Years of Our Lives
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tuition for cadets is fully funded by the Army in exchange for an active duty service obligation upon graduation."
}
] |
G2jpAXNDhEt6xSODtkxH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Traditions | Sandhurst Military Skills Competition",
"text": "In 1967 the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst presented West Point with a British Army officer's sword for use as a trophy in a military skills competition at West Point."
},
{
"section_header": "Curriculum | Military",
"text": "As all cadets are commissioned as second lieutenants upon graduation, military and leadership education is nested with academic instruction."
},
{
"section_header": "Curriculum | Military",
"text": "Most cadets consider Beast to be their most difficult time at the academy because of the transition from civilian to military life."
},
{
"section_header": "Curriculum | Military",
"text": "The Department of Military Instruction (DMI) is responsible for all military arts and sciences education as well as planning and executing the cadet summer training."
},
{
"section_header": "Traditions | Sandhurst Military Skills Competition",
"text": "International academies including the UK, Canada, and Australia have won the Sandhurst Military Skills Competition."
},
{
"section_header": "Curriculum | Military",
"text": "Military training and discipline fall under the purview of the Office of the Commandant."
},
{
"section_header": "Curriculum | Military",
"text": "Cadets also have the opportunity during their second, third and fourth summers to serve in active army units and military schools around the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Curriculum | Military",
"text": "Their second summer, cadets undergo cadet field training (CFT) at nearby Camp Buckner, where they train in more advanced field craft and military skills."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Colonial period, founding, and early years",
"text": "During the Quasi-War, Alexander Hamilton laid out plans for the establishment of a military academy at West Point and introduced \"A Bill for Establishing a Military Academy\" in the House of Representatives."
},
{
"section_header": "Administration | Admission requirements",
"text": "Marion Military Institute, New Mexico Military Institute, Georgia Military College, Hargrave Military Academy, Greystone Preparatory School at Schreiner University, and Northwestern Preparatory School are approved programs that students attend on the AOG scholarship prior to admission to West Point."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tuition for cadets is fully funded by the Army in exchange for an active duty service obligation upon graduation."
}
] |
It's optional to join the military after graduating from the US Military Academy, although it is encouraged.
| 2 | 4 |
United States Military Academy
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Awards and recognition",
"text": "In April 2016, Sachin Bansal and Binny Bansal were named to Time magazine's list of The 100 Most Influential People."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and recognition",
"text": "In September 2015, the two founders entered Forbes India Rich List debuting at the 86th position with a net worth of $1.3 billion each."
}
] |
G3DEdat2vcMgkpVUq7Ss
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Awards and recognition",
"text": "Sachin Bansal was awarded Entrepreneur of the Year 2012–2013 from The Economic Times, a leading Indian economic daily newspaper."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and recognition",
"text": "In September 2015, the two founders entered Forbes India Rich List debuting at the 86th position with a net worth of $1.3 billion each."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Acquisition by Walmart",
"text": "On 4 May 2018, it was reported that the US retail chain Walmart had won a bidding war with Amazon to acquire a majority stake in Flipkart for US$15 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and recognition",
"text": "In April 2016, Sachin Bansal and Binny Bansal were named to Time magazine's list of The 100 Most Influential People."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As of March 2017, Flipkart held a 39.5% market share of India's e-commerce industry."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In January 2017, Flipkart made a US$2 million investment in Tinystep, a parenting information startup."
},
{
"section_header": "Funding",
"text": "On 10 August 2017, Softbank Vision Fund invested another US$2.5 billion in Flipkart."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Flipkart held a 51% share of all Indian smartphone shipments in 2017, overtaking Amazon India (33%)."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In December 2015, Flipkart purchased a minority stake in the digital mapping provider MapmyIndia."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In July 2017, Flipkart made an offer to acquire its main domestic competitor, Snapdeal, for around US$700–800 million."
}
] |
The Bansal's won awards in 2015 and 2017.
| 0 | 0 |
Flipkart
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Largest copy",
"text": "The world's largest Bhagavad Gita is in the ISKCON Temple Delhi, which claims to be the world's largest sacred book of any religion."
}
] |
G425JYLwABMkJBZiqv4t
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Largest copy",
"text": "It weighs 800 kg and measures over 2.8 metres."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Largest copy",
"text": "The world's largest Bhagavad Gita is in the ISKCON Temple Delhi, which claims to be the world's largest sacred book of any religion."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "14th Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi called the Bhagavad Gita \"India's biggest gift to the world\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Date",
"text": "The text has occasional pre-classical elements of the Sanskrit language, such as the aorist and the prohibitive mā instead of"
},
{
"section_header": "Date",
"text": "The Mahabharata – the world's longest poem – is itself a text that was likely written and compiled over several hundred years, one dated between \"400 BCE or little earlier, and 2nd century CE, though some claim a few parts can be put as late as 400 CE\", states Fowler."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Theology | Bhakti yoga",
"text": "to M. R. Sampatkumaran, a Bhagavad Gita scholar, the Gita message is that mere knowledge of the scriptures cannot lead to final release, but \"devotion, meditation, and worship are essential.\" The Gita likely spawned a \"powerful devotionalism\" movement, states Fowler, because the text and this path was simpler, available to everyone."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Chapters | Chapter 8 (28 verses)",
"text": "This chapter contains eschatology of the Bhagavad Gita."
},
{
"section_header": "Bhashya (commentaries) | Classical commentaries | Śaṅkara (c. 800 CE)",
"text": "Shankara prefaces his comments by stating that the Gita is popular among the laity, that the text has been studied and commented upon by earlier scholars (these texts have not survived), but"
},
{
"section_header": "Bhashya (commentaries) | Classical commentaries | Others",
"text": "Shreedhara's (1400 AD) commentary Avi gita is in the Advaita Vedanta tradition Dhupakara Shastri's commentary Subodhini is in the Advaita Vedanta tradition Purushottama (1668–1781 A.D),"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Adaptations",
"text": "The movie, however, uses the plot but glosses over the teachings unlike the novel."
}
] |
The world's biggest Bhagavad Gita text is over 800 kg ad 2.8 m.
| 1 | 5 |
Bhagavadgita
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Upset, Jack finds solace with male prostitutes in Mexico."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In 1963, Ennis Del Mar and Jack Twist are hired by Joe Aguirre to herd his sheep through the summer in the Wyoming mountains."
}
] |
G4CVhLTR20Al5cekRW3q
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Accolades",
"text": "The film is one of several highly acclaimed LGBT-related films of 2005 to be nominated for critical awards; others include Breakfast on Pluto, Capote, Rent, and Transamerica."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "He divulged in the same interview that Brokeback Mountain \"nurtured\" him back into filmmaking."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and legacy | Shirt auction",
"text": "The pair of shirts featured in the film were sold on eBay on February 20, 2006, for US$101,100.51."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "After Alma Jr. leaves, Ennis goes to his closet, where his and Jack's shirts hang together, with a postcard of Brokeback Mountain tacked above them."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Criticism of marketing",
"text": "Daniel Mendelsohn argued in the New York Review of Books that Focus Features was going to de-fang the film and turn it heterosexual."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "However, this did not work out, and before Lee would take a break after finishing Hulk, he contacted co-screenwriter and CEO of Focus Features, James Schamus, to ask if the film was ever made."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Lureen abandons the rodeo, going into business with her father, which in turn causes Jack to work in sales."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Brokeback was released in many other countries during the first three months of 2006.During its first week of release, Brokeback was in first place in Hong Kong's box office, with more than US$473,868 ($22,565 per cinema).Brokeback Mountain was the highest-grossing film in the U.S. from January 17 through January 19, 2006, as well as one of the top five highest-grossing films in the U.S. every day from January 20 until January 28, including over the weekend (when more people go to the films and big-budget films usually crowd out independent films from the top-grossing list) of January 20–22."
},
{
"section_header": "Discussions about sexuality of characters",
"text": "Clarence Patton and Christopher Murray said in New York's Gay City News that Ennis and Jack's experiences were metaphors for \"many men who do not identify as gay or even queer, but who nevertheless have sex with other men\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and legacy | Fan fiction",
"text": "She said the authors, mostly men who claim to \"understand men better than I do\", often send her their works: They constantly send ghastly manuscripts and pornish rewrites of the story to me, expecting me to reply with praise and applause for \"fixing\" the story."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Upset, Jack finds solace with male prostitutes in Mexico."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In 1963, Ennis Del Mar and Jack Twist are hired by Joe Aguirre to herd his sheep through the summer in the Wyoming mountains."
}
] |
This film is about a pair of men who go hiking in the mountains and one breaks his back and has to wait and survive while the other leaves to get help.
| 0 | 2 |
Brokeback Mountain
|
Technology
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Flipkart is an Indian e-commerce company based in Bangalore, Karnataka, India."
}
] |
G4CxxLeXlnAtsmdzOaWs
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Funding",
"text": "Initially, the Bansals spent ₹400,000 (US$5,600) on developing the site."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "However, the service was unsuccessful due to competition from free streaming sites, and shut down in June 2013.In May 2012, Flipkart acquired Letsbuy, an online electronics retailer."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Myntra continues to operate alongside Flipkart as a standalone subsidiary; the site focuses on an upscale, \"fashion-conscious\" market, while Flipkart itself focuses on the mainstream market and major international brands."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Flipkart is an Indian e-commerce company based in Bangalore, Karnataka, India."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The event received criticism via social media over technical issues the site experienced during the event, as well as stock shortages."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In February 2014, Flipkart partnered with Motorola Mobility to be the exclusive Indian retailer of its Moto G smartphone."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Flipkart held a 51% share of all Indian smartphone shipments in 2017, overtaking Amazon India (33%)."
},
{
"section_header": "Funding",
"text": "On 19 September 2018, Flipkart Marketplace Singapore infused INR 3,463 crore into the Indian entity Flipkart Internet."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The service competes primarily with Amazon's Indian subsidiary, and the domestic rival Snapdeal."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In April 2017, eBay announced that it would sell its Indian subsidiary eBay.in to Flipkart and make a US$500 million cash investment in the company."
}
] |
Flipkart is an Indian dating site.
| 0 | 3 |
Flipkart
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Site and plan",
"text": "Unlike most Khmer temples, Angkor Wat is oriented to the west rather than the east."
}
] |
G5L2CwLjE5oVtdNtxft2
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Features | Central structure",
"text": "Because the temple faces west, the features are all set back towards the east, leaving more space to be filled in each enclosure and gallery on the west side; for the same reason the west-facing steps are shallower than those on the other sides."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Site and plan",
"text": "Unlike most Khmer temples, Angkor Wat is oriented to the west rather than the east."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Features | Outer enclosure",
"text": "The ceiling between the pillars is decorated with lotus rosettes; the west face of the wall with dancing figures; and the east face of the wall with balustered windows, dancing male figures on prancing animals, and devatas, including (south of the entrance) the only one in the temple to be showing her teeth."
},
{
"section_header": "Angkor Wat today | Restoration and conservation",
"text": "As with most other ancient temples in Cambodia, Angkor Wat has faced extensive damage and deterioration by a combination of plant overgrowth, fungi, ground movements, war damage and theft."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Site and plan",
"text": "Angkor Wat, located at 13°24′45″N 103°52′0″E, is a unique combination of the temple mountain (the standard design for the empire's state temples) and the later plan of concentric galleries."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Features | Outer enclosure",
"text": "The moat extends 1.5 kilometres from east to west and 1.3 kilometres from north to south."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Features | Outer enclosure",
"text": "Access to the temple is by an earth bank to the east and a sandstone causeway to the west; the latter, the main entrance, is a later addition, possibly replacing a wooden bridge."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Features | Outer enclosure",
"text": "These galleries have square pillars on the outer (west) side and a closed wall on the inner (east) side."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Breaking from the Shaiva tradition of previous kings, Angkor Wat was instead dedicated to Vishnu."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Unlike most Angkorian temples, Angkor Wat is oriented to the west; scholars are divided as to the significance of this."
}
] |
Angkor Wat temple is unique in that it is facing west instead of east, like most of the time and era.
| 1 | 4 |
Angkor Wat
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Barry Manilow (born Barry Alan Pincus, June 17, 1943) is an American singer-songwriter, arranger, musician, producer and actor, with a career that has spanned more than 50 years."
}
] |
G5hwM8N5RItA3dhD9kDN
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010s",
"text": "It was his first appearance on Broadway in more than two decades."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000s",
"text": "Scores was the last of Manilow's creative projects with the Concord label."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s",
"text": "Manilow's songs continued to receive frequent radio airplay throughout the decade."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010s",
"text": "On February 11, 2015, Manilow began his One Last Time!"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010s",
"text": "This was the fifteenth Grammy Award nomination of his career with nominations occurring in every decade since the 1970s."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000s",
"text": "It was the first time that the pair had worked together in more than twenty years."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000s",
"text": "One Last Time! One Last Time! tour. It was around this time period where Manilow appeared for the first time on the mainstream FOX program American Idol in which his back-up singer, Debra Byrd, doubles as voice coach on the series."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s",
"text": "The very last releases utilizing the Bell imprint have the designation \"Bell Records, Distributed by Arista Records,"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000s",
"text": "It was eventually certified Platinum in the U.S., and sold more than 3 million copies worldwide."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000s",
"text": "A further album in the decades themed series went on release September 18, 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Barry Manilow (born Barry Alan Pincus, June 17, 1943) is an American singer-songwriter, arranger, musician, producer and actor, with a career that has spanned more than 50 years."
}
] |
Manilow's career has lasted more than 5 decades.
| 0 | 0 |
Barry Manilow
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Childhood",
"text": "Weill was born on March 2, 1900, the third of four children to Albert Weill (1867–1950) and Emma Weill (née Ackermann; 1872–1955)."
}
] |
G6DJHVJa5Ujb7ve6xZUT
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Relatives",
"text": "Weill was one of four members of the same Hochstetter family to lead distinguished careers in the fields of music and literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Childhood",
"text": "Weill was born on March 2, 1900, the third of four children to Albert Weill (1867–1950) and Emma Weill (née Ackermann; 1872–1955)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kurt Julian Weill (March 2, 1900 – April 3, 1950) was a German composer, active from the 1920s in his native country, and in his later years in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Kurt Weill Centre",
"text": "The Kurt Weil Centre (German:Kurt-Weill-Zentrum) in Dessau was founded in 1993."
},
{
"section_header": "Kurt Weill Centre",
"text": "The centre is one of the \"Beacons of light\" of the Konferenz Nationaler Kultureinrichtungen (Conference of National Cultural Institutions), a union of cultural institutions in the new states of Germany i.e. area that was formerly East Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Studies with Busoni",
"text": "To support his family in Leipzig, he also worked as a pianist in a Bierkeller tavern."
},
{
"section_header": "Kurt Weill Centre",
"text": "The centre, with its collection of material on Weill, is listed as a cultural memorial of national importance."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "In 1991, the seminal Swiss industrial band The Young Gods released their album of Kurt Weill songs, The Young Gods Play Kurt Weill."
},
{
"section_header": "Childhood",
"text": "He grew up in a religious Jewish family in the \"Sandvorstadt\", the Jewish quarter in Dessau in Saxony, where his father was a cantor."
},
{
"section_header": "Success in the 1920s and early 1930s",
"text": "In February 1924 the conductor Fritz Busch introduced him to the dramatist Georg Kaiser, with whom Weill would have a long-lasting creative partnership resulting in several one-act operas."
}
] |
Kurt Julian Weill was one of four children in his family.
| 0 | 3 |
Kurt Weill
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He appeared in many Western films and police dramas."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "During World War II, Kennedy served from 1943 to 1945 in the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) making aviation training films, both as a narrator and an actor."
}
] |
G6RaGdP8jJNLDduQc4V4
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Arthur Kennedy (February 17, 1914 – January 5, 1990) was an American stage and film actor known for his versatility in supporting film roles and his ability to create \"an exceptional honesty and naturalness on stage\", especially in the original casts of Arthur Miller plays on Broadway."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "During World War II, Kennedy served from 1943 to 1945 in the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) making aviation training films, both as a narrator and an actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In September 1937, he made his Broadway debut as Bushy in Maurice Evans' Richard II at the St. James Theatre."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "In 1949, Kennedy won a Tony Award for best supporting actor as Biff in Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman at the Morosco Theatre."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "The New York Film Critics named him Best Actor for Bright Victory (1951).His performance in Trial won him a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors | Oscar nominations",
"text": "Kennedy also received a nomination for Best Actor for his performance in Bright Victory (1951)."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors | Oscar nominations",
"text": "Kennedy, Claude Rains and Robert Duvall share the record of four losing nominations for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, although Duvall won for Best Actor in 1983."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1939 he played Sir Richard Vernon in Evans' Henry IV, Part 1.Kennedy made his entry into films when he was discovered by James Cagney."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He also won the Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actor for the 1955 film Trial, and was a five-time Academy Award nominee."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He won the 1949 Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play for Miller's Death of a Salesman."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He appeared in many Western films and police dramas."
}
] |
American actor Arthur Kennedy made films for the military in World War II but is best known for his Broadway career.
| 0 | 0 |
Arthur Kennedy
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Acting",
"text": "At age 18, with the blessing of his mother and stepfather, Cruise moved to New York City to pursue an acting career."
}
] |
G6WZuRjPRO7S1eKXoaI6
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Acting",
"text": "At age 18, with the blessing of his mother and stepfather, Cruise moved to New York City to pursue an acting career."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Acting",
"text": "After working as a busboy in New York, he went to Los Angeles to try out for television roles."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Acting",
"text": "In mid-2011, Cruise started shooting the movie Rock of Ages, in which he played the character Stacee Jaxx."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Acting",
"text": "That same year he appeared in All the Right Moves and Risky Business, which has been described as \"A Generation X classic, and a career-maker for Tom Cruise\", and which, along with 1986's Top Gun, cemented his status as a superstar."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships and wealth",
"text": "New York law requires all divorce documents remain sealed, so the exact terms of the settlement are not publicly available."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | \"Tom Cruise Picture\"",
"text": "While reviewing Days of Thunder, film critic Roger Ebert noted the similarities between several of Cruise's 1980s films and nicknamed the formula the Tom Cruise Picture."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | \"Tom Cruise Picture\"",
"text": "Widescreenings noted that for Tom Cruise's character Daniel Kaffee in A Few Good Men, [screenwriter] Aaron Sorkin interestingly takes the opposite approach of Top Gun, where Cruise also starred as the protagonist."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Scientology | Advocacy of Scientology",
"text": "Cruise co-founded and raised donations for Downtown Medical to offer New York City 9/11 rescue workers detoxification therapy based on the works of L. Ron Hubbard."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Cruise was born Thomas Cruise Mapother IV in Syracuse, New York, on July 3, 1962, the son of special education teacher Mary Lee (née Pfeiffer; 1936–2017) and electrical engineer Thomas Cruise Mapother III (1934–1984)."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships and wealth",
"text": "On November 18, Holmes and Cruise were married at the 15th-century Odescalchi Castle in Bracciano, in a Scientologist ceremony attended by many Hollywood stars."
}
] |
Tom Cruise moved to New York to start acting as soon as he turned 18.
| 3 | 6 |
Tom Cruise
|
Science
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood",
"text": "Benedict was born Ruth Fulton in New York City on June 5, 1887, to Beatrice (Shattuck) and Frederick Fulton."
}
] |
G6q6fAJbK7uBrxpvHQxP
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood",
"text": "Benedict was born Ruth Fulton in New York City on June 5, 1887, to Beatrice (Shattuck) and Frederick Fulton."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She was born in New York City, attended Vassar College and graduated in 1909."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood",
"text": "Due to his illness the family moved back to Norwich, New York to the farm of Ruth's maternal grandparents, the Shattucks."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | College and marriage",
"text": "Stanley suffered an injury that made him want to spend more time away from the city, and Benedict was not happy when the couple moved to Bedford Hills far away from the city."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | College and marriage",
"text": "She had met him by chance in Buffalo, New York around 1910."
},
{
"section_header": "Career in anthropology | Post-war",
"text": "She continued her teaching after the war, advancing to the rank of full professor only two months before her death, in New York on September 17, 1948."
},
{
"section_header": "Career in anthropology | Education and early career",
"text": "One student who felt especially fond of Ruth Benedict was Ruth Landes."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood",
"text": "Her mother worked in the city as a school teacher, while her father was a homeopathic doctor and surgeon."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In 2005 Ruth Fulton Benedict was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Career in anthropology | Relationship with Margaret Mead",
"text": "Margaret Mead and Ruth Benedict are considered the two most influential and famous anthropologists of their time."
}
] |
Ruth Benedict was born in Atlanta, Georgia and moved to New York City when she was five.
| 3 | 6 |
Ruth Benedict
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1981–1989) | Second term | Response to AIDS epidemic",
"text": "By 1989, the year Reagan left office, more than 100,000 people had been diagnosed with AIDS in the United States, and more than 59,000 of them had died of it."
}
] |
G8TSaFBM70TqpUfVhWnE
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Honors",
"text": "After Reagan's death, the United States Postal Service issued a President Ronald Reagan commemorative postage stamp in 2005."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1981–1989) | Second term | Response to AIDS epidemic",
"text": "By 1989, the year Reagan left office, more than 100,000 people had been diagnosed with AIDS in the United States, and more than 59,000 of them had died of it."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1981–1989) | Second term | Response to AIDS epidemic",
"text": "By the time President Reagan gave his first prepared speech on the epidemic, six years into his presidency, 36,058 Americans had been diagnosed with AIDS, and 20,849 had died of it."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1981–1989) | First term | \"Reaganomics\" and the economy",
"text": "The administration's stance toward the savings and loan industry contributed to the savings and loan crisis."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1981–1989) | Second term | Response to AIDS epidemic",
"text": "In a September 1985 press conference, Reagan said: \"this is a top priority with us... there's no question about the seriousness of this and the need to find an answer.\" Gary Bauer, Reagan's domestic policy adviser near the end of his second term, argued that Reagan's belief in cabinet government led him to assign the job of speaking out against AIDS to his Surgeon General of the United States and the United States Secretary of Health and Human Services."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1981–1989) | Second term | Response to AIDS epidemic",
"text": "According to AIDS activist organizations such as ACT UP and scholars such as Don Francis and Peter S. Arno, the Reagan administration largely ignored the AIDS crisis, which began to unfold in the United States in 1981, the same year Reagan took office."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1981–1989) | Judiciary",
"text": "Along with his four Supreme Court appointments, Reagan appointed 83 judges to the United States courts of appeals, and 290 judges to the United States district courts."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ronald Wilson Reagan (; February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was an American politician who served as the 40th president of the United States from 1981 to 1989 and became a highly influential voice of modern conservatism."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Honors",
"text": "D.C. He was among 18 included in Gallup's most admired man and woman poll of the 20th century, from a poll conducted in the U.S. in 1999; two years later, USS Ronald Reagan was christened by Nancy Reagan and the United States Navy."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Cold War",
"text": "The resulting states were no threat to the United States."
}
] |
The president of the United States Ronald Reagan responded quickly to an epidemic saving countless lives.
| 0 | 0 |
Ronald Reagan
|
History
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | Cuba, India, and Sudan: 1895–1899",
"text": "In the autumn of 1895, he and Reginald Barnes went to Cuba to observe its war of independence and became involved in skirmishes after joining Spanish troops attempting to suppress independence fighters."
}
] |
G8rKqdf5GxUPzjbT3RDK
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "The \"Wilderness Years\": 1929–1939 | Warnings about Germany and the abdication crisis: 1933–1936",
"text": "Churchill liked Edward but disapproved of his desire to marry an American divorcee, Wallis Simpson."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Cuba, India, and Sudan: 1895–1899",
"text": "In the autumn of 1895, he and Reginald Barnes went to Cuba to observe its war of independence and became involved in skirmishes after joining Spanish troops attempting to suppress independence fighters."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister: 1940–1945 | Defeat of Germany: June 1944 to May 1945 | VE Day",
"text": "Bevin said: \"No, Winston, this is your day\", and proceeded to conduct the people in the singing of"
},
{
"section_header": "First Lord of the Admiralty: September 1939 to May 1940 | The Phoney War and the Norwegian Campaign",
"text": "Churchill later claimed that, on learning of his appointment, the Board of the Admiralty sent a signal to the Fleet: \"Winston is back\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965) was a British statesman, army officer, and writer."
},
{
"section_header": "Lloyd George government: 1916–1922 | Secretary of State for the Colonies: 1921–1922",
"text": "The following month, the first exhibit of his paintings was held; it took place in Paris, with Churchill exhibiting under a pseudonym."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Cuba, India, and Sudan: 1895–1899",
"text": "Churchill admired the United States, writing to his mother about \"what an extraordinary people the Americans are!\" With the Hussars, Churchill then arrived in Bombay, British India, in October 1896."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister: 1940–1945 | Pearl Harbor to D-Day: December 1941 to June 1944 | International conferences in 1942",
"text": "eventually a twenty-year treaty was formalised but with the question of frontiers placed on hold."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Cuba, India, and Sudan: 1895–1899",
"text": "Following the battle, Churchill gave skin from his chest for a graft for an injured officer."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Cuba, India, and Sudan: 1895–1899",
"text": "Churchill joined the 21st Lancers in Cairo and subsequently took an active part in the Battle of Omdurman."
}
] |
Winston Churchill has been to a variety of places like Cuba.
| 1 | 7 |
Winston Churchill
|
Music
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Origins",
"text": "Nirvāṇa is a term found in the texts of all major Indian religions – Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism and Sikhism."
}
] |
G9dK8PkzpE7vhePkA3B1
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Manichaenism",
"text": "The term Nirvana (also mentioned is parinirvana) in the thirteenth or fourtheenth century Manichaean work \"The great song to Mani\" and"
},
{
"section_header": "Manichaenism",
"text": "\"The story of the Death of Mani\", referring to the realm of light."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins",
"text": "This idea appears in many ancient and medieval texts, as Saṃsāra, or the endless cycle of life, death, rebirth and redeath, such as section 6:31 of the Mahabharata and verse 9.21 of the Bhagavad Gita."
},
{
"section_header": "Hinduism",
"text": "This term is found in texts such as the Bhagavad Gita and the Nirvana Upanishad, likely composed in the post-Buddha era."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins",
"text": "Nirvāṇa is a term found in the texts of all major Indian religions – Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism and Sikhism."
},
{
"section_header": "Hinduism",
"text": "Hinduism has the concept of Atman – the soul, self – asserted to exist in every living being, while Buddhism asserts through its anatman doctrine that there is no Atman in any being."
},
{
"section_header": "Buddhism",
"text": "In Buddhism, liberation is achieved when all things and beings are understood to be with no Self."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "This may have been deliberate use of words in early Buddhism, suggests Collins, since Atman and Brahman were described in Vedic texts and Upanishads with the imagery of fire, as something good, desirable and liberating."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "Hence the original meaning of the word is \"blown out, extinguished\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Sikhism",
"text": "Nirvana appears in Sikh texts as the term Nirban."
}
] |
The word nirvana can be found in many texts and in many works.
| 3 | 5 |
Nirvana
|
History
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Khwarazmian Empire",
"text": "After the fortress fell, Genghis supposedly reneged on his surrender terms and executed every soldier that had taken arms against him at Samarkand."
}
] |
G9zYCYJnx0THzJ5I95SS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Georgia, Crimea, Kievan Rus and Volga Bulgaria",
"text": "Genghis Khan recalled Subutai back to Mongolia soon afterwards, and Jebe died on the road back to Samarkand."
},
{
"section_header": "Perceptions | Negative",
"text": "In the conquest of Khwarezmia under Genghis Khan, the Mongols razed the cities of Bukhara, Samarkand, Herāt, Ṭūs, and Neyshābūr and killed the respective urban populations."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Khwarazmian Empire",
"text": "After the fortress fell, Genghis supposedly reneged on his surrender terms and executed every soldier that had taken arms against him at Samarkand."
},
{
"section_header": "Uniting the Mongol confederations | Sole ruler of the Mongol plains (1206)",
"text": "His military strategies showed a deep interest in gathering intelligence and understanding the motivations of his rivals, exemplified by his extensive spy network and Yam route systems."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Khwarazmian Empire",
"text": "The Mongols attacked Samarkand using captured enemies as body shields."
},
{
"section_header": "Perceptions | Positive | In Mongolia",
"text": "Mongolian President Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj has noted that the Ikh Zasag heavily punished corruption and bribery, and he considers Genghis Khan a teacher for anti-corruption efforts who sought equal protection under the law for all citizens regardless of status or wealth."
},
{
"section_header": "Mongol Empire | After Genghis Khan",
"text": "Contrary to popular belief, Genghis Khan did not conquer the whole area of the eventual Mongol Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Perceptions | Negative",
"text": "the famous Mughal emperors were proud descendants of Genghis Khan and particularly Timur, they clearly distanced themselves from the Mongol atrocities committed against the Khwarizim Shahs, Turks, Persians, the citizens of Baghdad and Damascus, Nishapur, Bukhara and historical figures such as Attar of Nishapur and many other notable Muslims."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Khwarazmian Empire",
"text": "After the capital Samarkand fell, the capital was moved to Bukhara by the remaining men, while Genghis Khan ordered two of his generals and their forces to completely destroy the remnants of the Khwarazmian Empire, including not only royal buildings, but entire towns, populations, and even vast swaths of farmland."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Khwarazmian Empire",
"text": "The Persian scholar Juvayni states that 50,000 Mongol soldiers were given the task of executing twenty-four Urgench citizens each, which would mean that 1.2 million people were killed."
}
] |
Genghis Khan showed mercy to the citizens of Samarkand.
| 4 | 9 |
Genghis Khan
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | Undergraduate years",
"text": "Hawking began his university education at University College, Oxford, in October 1959 at the age of 17."
}
] |
GA4DbAjH2jvOgW0NuBDr
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000–2018",
"text": "In July 2017, Hawking was awarded an Honorary Doctorate from Imperial College London."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1975–1990",
"text": "The following year he received the Albert Einstein Medal and an honorary doctorate from the University of Oxford."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hawking began his university education at University College, Oxford in October 1959 at the age of 17, where he received a first-class BA (Hons.) degree in physics."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Proceeds from the auction sale of the wheelchair went to two charities, the Motor Neurone Disease Association and the Stephen Hawking Foundation; proceeds from Hawking's other items went to his estate."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honours",
"text": "Hawking received numerous awards and honours."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hawking was born in Oxford into a family of doctors in Glasgow, Scotland."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Undergraduate years",
"text": "Part of the transformation resulted from his decision to join the college boat club, the University College Boat Club, where he coxed a rowing crew."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1975–1990",
"text": "Some colleagues were resentful of the attention Hawking received, feeling it was due to his disability."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Undergraduate years",
"text": "Hawking began his university education at University College, Oxford, in October 1959 at the age of 17."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1966–1975",
"text": "To Hawking's irritation, Jacob Bekenstein, a graduate student of John Wheeler, went further—and ultimately correctly—to apply thermodynamic concepts literally."
}
] |
Hawking went to college at Harvard and received his doctorates from Yale.
| 2 | 4 |
Stephen Hawking
|
Music
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years",
"text": "Nielsen was born on 9 June 1865, the seventh of twelve children in a poor peasant family, at Sortelung near Nørre Lyndelse, south of Odense on the island of Funen."
}
] |
GASPDVMvtKwI9ribscjv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Marriage and children",
"text": "Nielsen had five children, two of them illegitimate."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Marriage and children",
"text": "This determination would strain the Nielsens' marriage, as Anne Marie would spend months away from home during the 1890s and 1900s, leaving Carl, who was susceptible to opportunities with other ladies, to raise their three young children in addition to composing and fulfilling his duties at the Royal Theatre."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years",
"text": "Nielsen was born on 9 June 1865, the seventh of twelve children in a poor peasant family, at Sortelung near Nørre Lyndelse, south of Odense on the island of Funen."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Marriage and children",
"text": "Nielsen's son, Hans Børge, was handicapped as a result of meningitis and spent most of his life away from the family."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Marriage and children",
"text": "He had already fathered a son, Carl August Nielsen, in January 1888, before he met Anne Marie."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years",
"text": "As his parents did not believe he had any future as a musician, they apprenticed him to a shopkeeper in a nearby village when he was fourteen."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Marriage and children",
"text": "Carl suggested divorce in March 1905 and had considered moving to Germany for a fresh start, but despite several extended periods of separation the Nielsens remained married for the remainder of the composer's life."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years",
"text": "Nielsen did not give up the violin during his time with the battalion, continuing to play it when he went home to perform at dances with his father."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Final years and death",
"text": "The Carl Nielsen Monument was finally unveiled in 1939."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Musical style",
"text": "The Oxford University music professor Daniel M. Grimley qualifies Nielsen as \"one of the most playful, life-affirming, and awkward voices in twentieth-century music\" thanks to the \"melodic richness and harmonic vitality\" of his work."
}
] |
Carl Nielsen grew up in a rich family of fourteen children.
| 1 | 7 |
Carl Nielsen
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His twin sister died at a young age."
}
] |
GAYL3O8qm1mjbl3S80H5
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Chicago Whales and Cubs",
"text": "In his role, he signed other major league players to the Federal League, though he could not lure American League pitchers Walter Johnson from the Washington Senators or Smoky Joe Wood from the Boston Red Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Career summary",
"text": "Tinker was also noted as a fighter."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Tinker also scouted for the Reds."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Chicago Whales and Cubs",
"text": "Tinker refused to resign. In October 1913, Tinker and Herrmann conferred, leading to Tinker signing a contract to remain the Reds manager for the 1914 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, Evers and Tinker feuded off the field."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Tinker was born in Muscotah, Kansas."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Tinker also served as the team's manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Neither Tinker nor Evers knew the other had been invited."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Chicago Whales and Cubs",
"text": "Tinker complained that Herrmann did not seek his input on player transactions, while Herrmann charged that Tinker did not accept his authority."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Chicago Whales and Cubs",
"text": "Ebbets entered contract negotiations with Tinker."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His twin sister died at a young age."
}
] |
Joe Tinker had a brother who passed away.
| 0 | 0 |
Joe Tinker
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Aftermath of sinking | Survivors and victims",
"text": "In total, 50% of the children survived, 20% of the men and 75% of the women."
}
] |
GBQWFtjbmnuhnEgLAP73
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Aftermath of sinking | Retrieval and burial of the dead",
"text": "In mid-May 1912, RMS Oceanic recovered three bodies over 200 miles (320 km) from the site of the sinking who were among the original occupants of Collapsible A. When Fifth Officer Harold Lowe and six crewmen returned to the wreck site sometime after the sinking in a lifeboat to pick up survivors, they rescued a dozen males and one female from Collapsible A, but left the dead bodies of three of its occupants."
},
{
"section_header": "Maiden voyage | Atlantic crossing",
"text": "One of the ships to warn Titanic was the Atlantic Line's Mesaba."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Technology | Rudder and steering engines",
"text": "Two steam-powered steering engines were installed, though only one was used at any one time, with the other one kept in reserve."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Technology | Rudder and steering engines",
"text": "The capstans were also used to raise and lower the ship's five anchors (one port, one starboard, one in the centreline and two kedging anchors)."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Passenger facilities",
"text": "As seen aboard Titanic, all White Star Line passenger ships divided their Third Class accommodations into two sections, always at opposite ends of the vessel from one another."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath of sinking | Retrieval and burial of the dead",
"text": "Only 333 bodies of Titanic victims were recovered, one in five of the over 1,500 victims."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Cultural | In Northern Ireland",
"text": "Once a sensitive story, Titanic is now considered one of Northern Ireland's most iconic and uniting symbols."
},
{
"section_header": "Maiden voyage | Passengers",
"text": "Of these, 869 (66%) were male and 447 (34%) female."
},
{
"section_header": "Building and preparing the ship | Construction, launch and fitting-out",
"text": "Among the last items to be fitted on Titanic before the ship's launch were her two side anchors and one centre anchor."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Passenger facilities",
"text": "One of Titanic's most distinctive features was her First Class staircase, known as the Grand Staircase or Grand Stairway."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath of sinking | Survivors and victims",
"text": "In total, 50% of the children survived, 20% of the men and 75% of the women."
}
] |
One fifth of all male passengers on the Titanic survived.
| 5 | 6 |
Titanic
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The British exiled him to the remote island of Saint Helena in the South Atlantic, where he died six years later at the age of 51."
}
] |
GDNheEdehygmG3FakfLM
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Ruler of France | French Empire | Hundred Days",
"text": "he was about to be banished to a remote island in the Atlantic Ocean, Napoleon escaped from Elba, in the brig Inconstant on 26 February 1815 with 700 men."
},
{
"section_header": "Ruler of France | French Empire | War of the Sixth Coalition",
"text": "The next day, the Sénat passed the Acte de déchéance de l'Empereur (\"Emperor's Demise Act\"), which declared Napoleon deposed."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career | 13 Vendémiaire",
"text": "Murat married one of Napoleon's sisters, becoming his brother-in-law; he also served under Napoleon as one of his generals."
},
{
"section_header": "Memory and evaluation | Long-term influence outside France",
"text": "Napoleon could be considered one of the founders of modern Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Ruler of France | French Empire | War of the Fifth Coalition and Marie Louise",
"text": "Charles kept the bulk of his troops several kilometres away from the river bank in hopes of concentrating them at the point where Napoleon decided to cross."
},
{
"section_header": "Ruler of France | French Empire | War of the Third Coalition",
"text": "Napoleon knew that the French fleet could not defeat the Royal Navy in a head-to-head battle, so he planned to lure it away from the English Channel through diversionary tactics."
},
{
"section_header": "Exile on Saint Helena",
"text": "While in exile, Napoleon wrote a book about Julius Caesar, one of his great heroes."
},
{
"section_header": "Personality",
"text": "In one-on-one situations he typically had a hypnotic effect on people, seemingly bending the strongest leaders to his will."
},
{
"section_header": "Ruler of France | French Empire | War of the Fifth Coalition and Marie Louise",
"text": "A sustained Austrian artillery bombardment eventually convinced Napoleon to withdraw his forces back onto Lobau Island."
},
{
"section_header": "Reforms | Warfare",
"text": "As a result of these factors, Napoleon, rather than relying on infantry to wear away the enemy's defences, now could use massed artillery as a spearhead to pound a break in the enemy's line that was then exploited by supporting infantry and cavalry."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The British exiled him to the remote island of Saint Helena in the South Atlantic, where he died six years later at the age of 51."
}
] |
Napoleon passed away on the island that he was banished to by the Brits.
| 2 | 4 |
Napoleon
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Robinson was born on August 31, 1935 in Beaumont, Texas."
}
] |
GDXVoqPfNZHyMscmbmlo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Extra Innings. Extra Innings. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0070531838."
},
{
"section_header": "Manager | Managing career",
"text": "During a game against the Houston Astros on May 25, 2006, Robinson pulled Nationals catcher Matt LeCroy during the middle of the seventh inning, violating an unwritten rule that managers do not remove position players in the middle of an inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His parents divorced when he was an infant, and his mother moved with her children to Alameda, California, and then to the West Oakland neighborhood of nearby Oakland."
},
{
"section_header": "Manager | Managing career",
"text": "Instead, managers are supposed to discreetly switch position players in between innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Baltimore Orioles (1966–1971)",
"text": "On June 26, 1970, Robinson hit back-to-back grand slams in the fifth and sixth innings in the Orioles' 12–2 victory over the Washington Senators."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Final years as a player (1972–1976)",
"text": "He was traded along with Bill Singer, Bobby Valentine, Billy Grabarkewitz and Mike Strahler to the California Angels for Andy Messersmith and Ken McMullen at the Winter Meetings on November 28, 1972."
},
{
"section_header": "Manager | Managing career",
"text": "However, LeCroy, the third-string catcher, had allowed Houston Astros baserunners to steal seven bases over seven innings and had committed two throwing errors."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Cincinnati Reds (1956–1965)",
"text": "Robinson was noted as a fierce player."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Robinson, Frank (1968). My Life Is Baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "ISBN 9997502442. Robinson, Frank (1976)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Robinson was born on August 31, 1935 in Beaumont, Texas."
}
] |
Robinson was birthed and raised in California.
| 2 | 6 |
Frank Robinson
|
Geography
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "DMRC was certified by the United Nations in 2011 as the first metro rail and rail-based system in the world to get carbon credits for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, reducing carbon emission levels in the city by 630,000 tonnes every year."
}
] |
GDcwmia8tCsH0P90r9qH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Environment and aesthetics",
"text": "The Delhi Metro has won awards for environmentally friendly practices from organisations including the United Nations, RINA, and the International Organization for Standardization, becoming the second metro in the world, after the New York City Subway, to be ISO 14001 certified for environmentally friendly construction."
},
{
"section_header": "Environment and aesthetics",
"text": "Most of the Metro stations on the Blue Line conduct rainwater harvesting as an environmental protection measure."
},
{
"section_header": "Lines | Rapid Metro Gurugram",
"text": "After taking over the operation of the Delhi Airport Express Metro, the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) has taken over the operation of Gurugram Rapid Metro."
},
{
"section_header": "Lines | Rapid Metro Gurugram",
"text": "From 22 October, DMRC has been maintaining a separate account for the Rapid Metro on the lines of the Delhi Airport Metro, in which the details of expenditure on metro revenue and operating expenses are recorded."
},
{
"section_header": "Lines | Rapid Metro Gurugram",
"text": "In view of this, the Haryana Government decided to hand over the Gurugram Rapid Metro to the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC)."
},
{
"section_header": "Lines | Rapid Metro Gurugram",
"text": "However, no changes were be made in the fares and timings of the Metro, and the staff wasn't been changed yet, but in the future, DMRC will find out the possibility of how the Gurugram Rapid Metro can be made more useful."
},
{
"section_header": "Lines | Rapid Metro Gurugram",
"text": "The Rapid Metro was built on the PPP model by the Haryana Government."
},
{
"section_header": "Lines | Rapid Metro Gurugram",
"text": "Sekanderpur station is also an interchange station of the Yellow Line of Delhi Metro."
},
{
"section_header": "Lines | Rapid Metro Gurugram",
"text": "The DMRC took the complete operation of Gurugram Rapid Metro from 22 October 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Lines | Rapid Metro Gurugram",
"text": "Under this, a closed circle of Rapid Metro was made between Gurugram Sector 55–56 to Phase II."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "DMRC was certified by the United Nations in 2011 as the first metro rail and rail-based system in the world to get carbon credits for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, reducing carbon emission levels in the city by 630,000 tonnes every year."
}
] |
The Dehli metro has been criticised for it's poor environmental practices.
| 3 | 7 |
Delhi Metro
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Jackson administration | Secretary of State",
"text": "In February 1829, Jackson wrote to Van Buren to ask him to become Secretary of State."
}
] |
GEsDLKEcQs3EnooBrGqT
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He died in Kinderhook in July 1862, at age 79. In historical rankings, historians and political scientists often rank Van Buren as an average or below-average U.S. president, due to his handling of the Panic of 1837."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency, 1837–1841 | Presidential election of 1840",
"text": "However, rather than nominating longtime party spokesmen like Clay and Daniel Webster, the 1839 Whig National Convention nominated Harrison, who had served in various governmental positions during his career and had earned fame for his military leadership in the Battle of Tippecanoe and the War of 1812."
},
{
"section_header": "Early political career",
"text": "Van Buren had been active in politics from age 18, if not before."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency, 1837–1841 | Panic of 1837",
"text": "The Panic was followed by a five-year depression in which banks failed and unemployment reached record highs."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency, 1837–1841 | Britain",
"text": "In the melee, one American was killed and others were wounded."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency, 1837–1841 | Panic of 1837",
"text": "This financial crisis would become known as the Panic of 1837."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency, 1837–1841 | Cabinet",
"text": "For the lone open position of Secretary of War, Van Buren first approached William Cabell Rives, who had sought the vice presidency in 1836."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency, 1837–1841 | Texas",
"text": "Just before leaving office in March 1837, Andrew Jackson extended diplomatic recognition to the Republic of Texas, which had gained de facto independence from Mexico in the Texas Revolution."
},
{
"section_header": "Jackson administration | Secretary of State",
"text": "As a widower, Van Buren was unaffected by the position of the cabinet wives."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency, 1837–1841 | Presidential election of 1840",
"text": "Whigs also depicted Van Buren as an aristocrat living in high style in the White House, while they used images of Harrison in a log cabin sipping cider to convince voters that he was a man of the people."
},
{
"section_header": "Jackson administration | Secretary of State",
"text": "In February 1829, Jackson wrote to Van Buren to ask him to become Secretary of State."
}
] |
Before becoming president, he served in other high ranking positions.
| 0 | 0 |
Martin Van Buren
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "In 1993, another version of the novel was published under the title The Love of the Last Tycoon, as part of the Cambridge edition of the Works of F. Scott Fitzgerald, edited by Matthew J. Bruccoli, a Fitzgerald scholar."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "The literary critic and writer Edmund Wilson, a close friend of Fitzgerald, collected the notes for the novel and edited it for publication."
}
] |
GEy2LDs5uabEeHqhWOK1
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "The unfinished novel was published in 1941 as The Last Tycoon, by which name it is best known."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Last Tycoon is an unfinished novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1993, a new version of the novel was published under the title The Love of the Last Tycoon, edited by Matthew Bruccoli, a Fitzgerald scholar."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "In 1993, another version of the novel was published under the title The Love of the Last Tycoon, as part of the Cambridge edition of the Works of F. Scott Fitzgerald, edited by Matthew J. Bruccoli, a Fitzgerald scholar."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "The revised edition of The Love of The Last Tycoon won the Choice Outstanding Academic Books award of 1995."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1941, it was published posthumously under this title, as prepared by his friend Edmund Wilson, a critic and writer."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "The novel was unfinished and in rough form at the time of Fitzgerald's death at age 44."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "The literary critic and writer Edmund Wilson, a close friend of Fitzgerald, collected the notes for the novel and edited it for publication."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "It was produced by Sam Spiegel and released as The Last Tycoon."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "The Love of the Last Tycoon, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0"
}
] |
The novel, The Last Tycoon, was an unfinished book was sent to be published and republished by a critic and a scholar respectively.
| 0 | 2 |
The Last Tycoon
|
Sports
| 8 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | The 1950 Maracanazo",
"text": "Brazil reached the quarter-final, where they were beaten 4–2 by tournament favourites Hungary in one of the ugliest matches in football history, known as the Battle of Berne."
}
] |
GF9k4v3dIm5QlTGiHj71
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Team image",
"text": "The new colors were first used in March 1954 in a match against Chile, and have been used ever since."
},
{
"section_header": "History | World Cup drought (2002–present) | Return of Luiz Felipe Scolari (2013–14) | 2014 World Cup",
"text": "Brazil finished the World Cup in fourth place, having failed to avenge their semi-final defeat to Germany by losing to the Netherlands 0–3 in the third-place match."
},
{
"section_header": "History | World Cup drought (2002–present)",
"text": "Two years later, Brazil won the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup, defeating the U.S. 3–2 in the final, to seal their third Confederations Cup title."
},
{
"section_header": "History | World Cup drought (2002–present)",
"text": "They faced Chile in the round of 16, winning 3–0,"
},
{
"section_header": "History | World Cup drought (2002–present)",
"text": "Brazil also won the 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup for the second time."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Brazil is the only national team to have won the World Cup on four different continents: once in Europe (1958 Sweden), once in South America (1962 Chile), twice in North America (1970 Mexico and 1994 United States) and once in Asia (2002 Korea/Japan)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | World Cup drought (2002–present) | Return of Dunga (2014–2016)",
"text": "They followed this with wins against Chile (1–0), Mexico (2–0) and Honduras (1–0)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | World Cup drought (2002–present)",
"text": "In the 2006 World Cup, Brazil won its first two games against Croatia (1–0) and Australia (2–0)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | World Cup drought (2002–present) | Tite era (2016–)",
"text": "Brazil then defeated Paraguay 3–0 to become the first team, other than the hosts Russia, to qualify for the 2018 World Cup."
},
{
"section_header": "History | World Cup drought (2002–present) | Return of Luiz Felipe Scolari (2013–14) | 2014 World Cup",
"text": "Brazil faced Chile in the round of 16, taking an 18th-minute lead through David Luiz's first goal for the Seleção in a 1–1 draw."
},
{
"section_header": "History | The 1950 Maracanazo",
"text": "Brazil reached the quarter-final, where they were beaten 4–2 by tournament favourites Hungary in one of the ugliest matches in football history, known as the Battle of Berne."
}
] |
Brazil won the 1954 World Cup by defeating Chile and Germany.
| 3 | 9 |
Brazil national football team
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was a pitcher for the New York Giants of the National League from 1928 to 1943, and remained on the team's payroll for the rest of his life, long after their move to San Francisco."
}
] |
GFS65mpG7mcusDwC6fTT
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "During that time, he lived in Haworth, New Jersey; he continued to live there after the Giants left New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was a pitcher for the New York Giants of the National League from 1928 to 1943, and remained on the team's payroll for the rest of his life, long after their move to San Francisco."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "In its 1936 World Series cover story about Lou Gehrig and Carl Hubbell, Time magazine depicted the Fall Classic that year between crosstown rivals Giants and Yankees as \"a personal struggle between Hubbell and Gehrig\", calling Hubbell \"... currently baseball's No. 1 Pitcher and among the half dozen ablest in the game's annals."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "At the time of his death, he was one of the last New York Giants still active in some capacity in baseball, and the last player from the McGraw era who was still active in the game."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Carl Owen Hubbell (June 22, 1903 – November 21, 1988), nicknamed \"The Meal Ticket\" and \"King Carl\", was an American Major League Baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They had two children: Carl Jr. (b. 1936) and James."
},
{
"section_header": "All-Star Game record",
"text": "In the 1934 All Star Game played at the Polo Grounds, Hubbell produced one of Baseball's most memorable moments by striking out five future Hall of Famers in succession: Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Jimmie Foxx, Al Simmons and Joe Cronin."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Carl Jr. had a brief career in the lower minor leagues and later was a career officer in the United States Marine Corps."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball honors",
"text": "In 1999, he ranked number 45 on The Sporting News list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was a nominee for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "He hadn't planned on doing any scouting, but he was impressed by Hubbell."
}
] |
Carl Hubbell did play for the New York Yankees.
| 0 | 0 |
Carl Hubbell
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Infection in other species | Bacterial viruses",
"text": "Bacteriophages are a common and diverse group of viruses and are the most abundant biological entity in aquatic environments—there are up to ten times more of these viruses in the oceans than there are bacteria, reaching levels of 250,000,000 bacteriophages per millilitre of seawater."
}
] |
GFVyj8xwWzOJxToXyIkX
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Most virus species have virions too small to be seen with an optical microscope as they are one hundredth the size of most bacteria."
},
{
"section_header": "Classification | ICTV classification",
"text": "Only a small part of the total diversity of viruses has been studied."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins",
"text": "Viruses may have once been small cells that parasitised larger cells."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In 1884, the French microbiologist Charles Chamberland invented the Chamberland filter (or Pasteur-Chamberland filter) with pores small enough to remove all bacteria from a solution passed through it."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Host defence mechanisms",
"text": "Antibodies can continue to be an effective defence mechanism even after viruses have managed to gain entry to the host cell."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In 1892, the Russian biologist Dmitri Ivanovsky used this filter to study what is now known as the tobacco mosaic virus: crushed leaf extracts from infected tobacco plants remained infectious even after filtration to remove bacteria."
},
{
"section_header": "Infection in other species | Animal viruses",
"text": "Canine parvovirus is caused by a small DNA virus and infections are often fatal in pups."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins",
"text": "In the past, there were problems with all of these hypotheses: the regressive hypothesis did not explain why even the smallest of cellular parasites do not resemble viruses in any way."
},
{
"section_header": "Microbiology | Structure",
"text": "In general, viruses are much smaller than bacteria."
},
{
"section_header": "Microbiology | Structure | Giant viruses",
"text": "Some viruses that infect Archaea have complex structures unrelated to any other form of virus, with a wide variety of unusual shapes, ranging from spindle-shaped structures to viruses that resemble hooked rods, teardrops or even bottles."
},
{
"section_header": "Infection in other species | Bacterial viruses",
"text": "Bacteriophages are a common and diverse group of viruses and are the most abundant biological entity in aquatic environments—there are up to ten times more of these viruses in the oceans than there are bacteria, reaching levels of 250,000,000 bacteriophages per millilitre of seawater."
}
] |
Viruses can't attack bacteria. That's crazy. They're so small. How would that even work?
| 3 | 4 |
Virus
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "LaDonna Adrian Gaines (December 31, 1948 – May 17, 2012), widely known by her stage name based on her married name Donna Summer, was an American singer, songwriter and actress."
}
] |
GFnYqAOKkWt8Jr4yvd5T
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In December 2016, Billboard ranked her at No. 6 on its list of the Greatest of All Time Top Dance Club Artists ."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "LaDonna Adrian Gaines (December 31, 1948 – May 17, 2012), widely known by her stage name based on her married name Donna Summer, was an American singer, songwriter and actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Reaction",
"text": "Liza Minnelli said, \"She was a queen, The Queen Of Disco, and we will be dancing to her music forever.\" She said that her \"thoughts and prayers are with her family always.\" Dolly Parton said, \"Donna, like Whitney, was one of the greatest voices ever."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While her fortunes on the Hot 100 waned through those decades, Summer remained a force on the Billboard Dance Club Songs chart over her entire career."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1980–1985",
"text": "The video was a success, being nominated for Best Female Video and Best Choreography at the 1984 MTV Music Video Awards; Summer became one of the first African-American artists, and the first African-American female artist to have her video played in heavy rotation on MTV."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1974–1979: Initial success",
"text": "The following week, Summer was the first solo artist to have two songs in the Hot 100 top three at the same time."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2010–2013: Final recordings",
"text": "On June 6, 2011, Summer was a guest judge on the show Platinum Hit, in an episode entitled \"Dance Floor Royalty\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She sold over 100 million records worldwide, making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1974–1979: Initial success",
"text": "It was also the only No. 1 hit for songwriter Jimmy Webb; the single went Gold and topped the charts for three weeks."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1974–1979: Initial success",
"text": "The week of June 16, 1979, Summer would again have the number-one single on the Hot 100 chart, and the number-one album on the Billboard 200 chart; when \"Hot Stuff\" regained the top spot on the Hot 100 chart."
}
] |
Donna Summer was an American singer, songwriter and actress and in December 2016, Billboard ranked her at No. 6 on its list of the Greatest of All Time Top Dance Club Artists.
| 0 | 0 |
Donna Summer
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Minor leagues | World War II and subsequent return to Minor League",
"text": "During World War II, Berra served in the United States Navy as a gunner's mate on the attack transport USS Bayfield during the Normandy landings."
}
] |
GFpFzfGFngts5itD5S1d
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Honors | Yogi Berra Museum, Learning Center, and Yogi Berra Stadium",
"text": "In 1998, the Yogi Berra Museum and Learning Center and Yogi Berra Stadium (home of the New Jersey Jackals and Montclair State University baseball teams) opened on the campus of Montclair State University in Upper Montclair, New Jersey."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | \"Yogi-isms\"",
"text": "Berra was also well known for his impromptu pithy comments, malapropisms, and seemingly unintentional witticisms, known as \"Yogi-isms\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | \"Yogi-isms\"",
"text": "His \"Yogi-isms\" very often took the form of either an apparent tautology or a contradiction, but often with an underlying and powerful message that offered not just humor, but also wisdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors | Yogi Berra Museum, Learning Center, and Yogi Berra Stadium",
"text": "The museum is the home of various artifacts, including the mitt with which Yogi caught the only perfect game in World Series history, several autographed and \"game-used\" items, and nine of Yogi's championship rings."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | \"Yogi-isms\" | Examples",
"text": "When giving directions to Joe Garagiola Sr. to his New Jersey home, which was accessible by two routes: \"When you come to a fork in the road, take it.\" At Yogi Berra Day at Sportsman Park in St. Louis: \"Thank you for making this day necessary.\" \"It's déjà vu all over again.\" Berra explained that this quote originated when he witnessed Mickey Mantle and Roger Maris repeatedly hitting back-to-back home runs in the Yankees' seasons in the early 1960s."
},
{
"section_header": "Books",
"text": "Yogi: The Autobiography of a Professional Baseball Player, Yogi Berra and Ed Fitzgerald (1961) LOC: 61-6504 OCLC 937429264 Behind the Plate, Lawrence Yogi Berra and Til Ferdenzi (1962) ISBN 978"
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Berra's obituary by the Associated Press initially said that Yogi Bear had died."
},
{
"section_header": "Books",
"text": "The Yogi Book: I Really Didn't Say Everything I Said (1998) ISBN 0"
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "On July 18, 1999, Berra was honored with \"Yogi Berra Day\" at Yankee Stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors | Yogi Berra Museum, Learning Center, and Yogi Berra Stadium",
"text": "Berra was involved with the project and frequently visited the museum for signings, discussions, and other events."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Minor leagues | World War II and subsequent return to Minor League",
"text": "During World War II, Berra served in the United States Navy as a gunner's mate on the attack transport USS Bayfield during the Normandy landings."
}
] |
Yogi was a sailor.
| 0 | 0 |
Yogi Berra
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Film adaptations",
"text": "Jack London's novel has been adapted for motion pictures: The Sea Wolf (1913), a silent motion picture starring Hobart Bosworth, with author Jack London appearing as an unnamed sailor"
}
] |
GFweJ4DBqcLamf9tVpAE
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Characters | Wolf Larsen",
"text": "He displays tremendous strength throughout the story."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The story ends with the two being rescued by an American revenue cutter."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "A key event in the story is an attempted mutiny against Wolf Larsen by several members of the crew."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The story starts with him aboard a San Francisco ferry, called Martinez, which collides with another ship in the fog and sinks."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Humphrey “Hump” Van Weyden",
"text": "By the end of the story, Larsen is annoyed that van Weyden still clings to his beliefs and refuses to murder him, despite all the suffering Larsen has put him through."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The Sea Wolf tells the story of a soft, domesticated protagonist — an intellectual man named Humphrey van Weyden — forced to become tough and self-reliant by exposure to cruelty and brutality."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The plot has some initial similarities to Captains Courageous by Rudyard Kipling in that they each have an idle, rich young man rescued from the sea and shanghaied into becoming a working sailor; however, the two stories differ widely in plot and moral tone."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Humphrey “Hump” Van Weyden",
"text": "He grows stronger as the story progresses, physically through the manual labor, including his learning of the ship's workings and rivalry with ship's cook Thomas Mugridge and spiritually as he endures the various hardships, including his inconsistent relationship with Wolf Larsen."
},
{
"section_header": "Film adaptations",
"text": "Jack London's novel has been adapted for motion pictures: The Sea Wolf (1913), a silent motion picture starring Hobart Bosworth, with author Jack London appearing as an unnamed sailor"
}
] |
The story hasn't been made into a movie.
| 0 | 0 |
The Sea Wolf
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "He returns home and tries to stab Elsa, but breaks down in tears."
}
] |
GG2DzhbM1cUBKq5dDwRi
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Jojo and Elsa are alone in the house when the Gestapo stops by to search the house, with Klenzendorf in tow."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Jojo runs home and, to stop Elsa from leaving, tells her Germany won the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jojo Rabbit was chosen by the National Board of Review and the American Film Institute as one of the ten best films of the year."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Jojo is both terrified and aggressive towards Elsa, who easily outwits and overpowers the young boy's attempts at guile and aggression."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "Jojo Rabbit had its world premiere at the 44th Toronto International Film Festival on September 8, 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jojo Rabbit is a 2019 comedy-drama film written and directed by Taika Waititi, based on Christine Leunens's 2008 book Caging Skies."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "On the day of his first training camp run by Captain Klenzendorf, he is given the derisive nickname \"Jojo Rabbit\" by the other children after refusing to kill a rabbit to prove his killer instinct."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "With the Allies closing in, the civilian population (including the Hitler Youth) are armed to defend the city."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "\" In a positive review, Steve Pond of TheWrap wrote that \"there's real heart in Jojo Rabbit, too."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jojo Rabbit was released theatrically in the United States on October 18, 2019, and in New Zealand on October 24, 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "He returns home and tries to stab Elsa, but breaks down in tears."
}
] |
In the film Jojo Rabbit, Jojo attempts to stop Elsa's arm from bleeding.
| 0 | 0 |
Jojo Rabbit
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "The film's original budget was $6 million but costs increased to over $11 million, with Variety's review claiming it was over $15 million."
}
] |
GG8U3nQtVUymmKjItvTZ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "The Godfather Part II did not surpass the original film commercially, but in the United States and Canada it grossed $47.5 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "The film's original budget was $6 million but costs increased to over $11 million, with Variety's review claiming it was over $15 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "The Godfather and The Godfather Part II remain the only original/sequel combination both to win Best Picture."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "In fact, 'The Godfather, Part II' may be the second best gangster movie ever made."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "The Godfather Part II was shot between October 1, 1973 and June 19, 1974."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Michael suspects Roth planned the assassination, but meets him in Miami and feigns ignorance."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Initial critical reception of The Godfather Part II was divided, with some dismissing the work and others declaring it superior to the first film."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It grossed between $48–88 million worldwide on a $13 million budget."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "\"The Godfather Part II was featured on Sight & Sound's Director's list of the ten greatest films of all time in 1992 and 2002."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Theatrical",
"text": "The Godfather Part II premiered in New York City on December 12, 1974, and was released in the United States on December 20, 1974."
}
] |
The Godfather Part II original budget did end up being less expensive than what was planned.
| 1 | 3 |
The Godfather Part II
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Family Guy is an American animated sitcom created by Seth MacFarlane for the Fox Broadcasting Company that debuted on January 31, 1999."
}
] |
GGh1rQWLY2wH2Ens6VjA
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy | Critical reception",
"text": "Robin Pierson of The TV Critic praised the series as \"a different kind of animated comedy which clearly sets out to do jokes which other cartoons can't do.\" Family Guy has proven popular in the United Kingdom, regularly obtaining between 700,000 and 1 million viewers for re-runs on BBC Three."
},
{
"section_header": "Development",
"text": "MacFarlane noted that he then wanted to pitch it to Fox, as he thought that that was the place to create a prime-time animation show."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Family Guy is an American animated sitcom created by Seth MacFarlane for the Fox Broadcasting Company that debuted on January 31, 1999."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Writing",
"text": "Mike Barker and Matt Weitzman left the show and went on to create the long-running and still ongoing adult animated series American Dad!"
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise | Video games",
"text": "Animation Throwdown: The Quest For Cards, a card game with content and characters from five animated television shows from Fox – Family Guy, Futurama, American Dad!, Bob's Burgers and King of the Hill – was released in 2016 by Kongregate."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy",
"text": "In 2016, a New York Times study of the 50 TV shows with the most Facebook Likes found that like other satirical comedies, Family Guy \"is most popular in cities."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The series is produced by Fuzzy Door Productions and 20th Century Fox Television and syndicated by 20th Television."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Many tie-in media have been released, including Stewie Griffin: The Untold Story, a straight-to-DVD special released in 2005; Family Guy: Live in Vegas,"
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Cult success and revival",
"text": "basically for free\", according to the president of 20th Century Fox Television."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise | Live performances",
"text": "He performed a song insulting modern television to the tune of the song \"The Fellas"
}
] |
"Family Guy" has been created in different kinds of medias like animated television.
| 0 | 3 |
Family Guy
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "The film went on to become a box-office hit, earning $75 million in the U.S. with an additional $50 million internationally, bringing its worldwide gross to $125 million."
}
] |
GH4Qs8Yz8sW2xgp72JlF
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ray is a 2004 American biographical film focusing on 30 years in the life of rhythm and blues musician Ray Charles."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "The film went on to become a box-office hit, earning $75 million in the U.S. with an additional $50 million internationally, bringing its worldwide gross to $125 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Ray debuted at the 2004 Toronto International Film Festival."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Touring across the chitlin circuit, the soulful singer gained a reputation before exploding onto the worldwide stage when he pioneered the incorporation of rhythm and blues, rock and roll, gospel, country, jazz and orchestral influences into his inimitable style."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Foxx received an Oscar for Best Actor for his performance as well as the Golden Globe, BAFTA, Screen Actors Guild, and Critics' Choice awards, becoming the second actor to win all five major lead actor awards for the same performance, and the only one to win the Golden Globe in the Musical or Comedy (rather than the Drama) category."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Ray was released in theaters on October 29, 2004."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Raised on a sharecropping plantation in Northern Florida, Ray Charles Robinson went blind at the age of seven, shortly after witnessing his younger brother drown."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Differences from noted events",
"text": "In the film, when his backing singer and mistress Margie Hendricks informs Ray she is pregnant with his child, Ray suggests she should have an abortion, out of loyalty to Della; Margie decides to keep the baby and soon leaves Ray to pursue a separate singing career after he refuses to abandon his family, move in with her and welcome the baby into his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Differences from noted events",
"text": "It is true that Charles kicked his heroin addiction after undergoing treatment in a psychiatric hospital during 1965, as stated towards the end of the film, but it is not mentioned that he would often use gin and marijuana as substitutes for heroin throughout much of the remaining years of his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reaction",
"text": "The site's critical consensus reads, \"An engrossing and energetic portrait of a great musician's achievements and foibles, Ray is anchored by Jamie Foxx's stunning performance as Ray Charles.\" CinemaScore reported that audiences gave the film a rare \"A+\" grade."
}
] |
Ray is a 2004 American biographical film focusing on 30 years in the life of rhythm and blues musician Ray Charles that went on to become a box-office hit, earning $125 million worldwide.
| 0 | 0 |
Ray (film)
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jolie made her screen debut as a child alongside her father, Jon Voight, in Lookin' to Get Out (1982), and her film career began in earnest a decade later with the low-budget production Cyborg 2 (1993), followed by her first leading role in a major film, Hackers (1995)."
}
] |
GHK8LgxRTiLucr8pNnf0
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "In the media | Appearance",
"text": "Beyond her career, Jolie's appearance has been credited with influencing popular culture at large."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2011–present: Professional expansion",
"text": "First They Killed My Father (2017), a drama set during Cambodia's Khmer Rouge era, again enabled her to combine both interests."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1998–2000: Breakthrough",
"text": "\"In 2000, Jolie appeared in her first summer blockbuster, Gone in 60 Seconds, which became her highest-grossing film to that point, earning $237.2 million internationally."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jolie made her screen debut as a child alongside her father, Jon Voight, in Lookin' to Get Out (1982), and her film career began in earnest a decade later with the low-budget production Cyborg 2 (1993), followed by her first leading role in a major film, Hackers (1995)."
},
{
"section_header": "In the media | Appearance",
"text": "Jolie's public image is strongly tied to her perceived beauty and sex appeal."
},
{
"section_header": "In the media | Appearance",
"text": "Professionally, Jolie's status as a sex symbol has been considered both an asset and a hindrance."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the 2010s, Jolie expanded her career into directing, screenwriting, and producing, with the war dramas In the Land of Blood and Honey (2011), Unbroken (2014), and First They Killed My Father (2017)."
},
{
"section_header": "Humanitarian work | Conservation and community development",
"text": "Together they filmed a 2005 MTV special, The Diary of Angelina Jolie & Dr. Jeffrey Sachs in Africa, which followed them on a trip to a Millennium Village in western Kenya."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1998–2000: Breakthrough",
"text": "Jolie's first breakthrough came when she portrayed supermodel Gia Carangi in HBO's Gia (1998)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As a public figure, Jolie has been cited as one of the most influential and powerful people in the American entertainment industry."
}
] |
Angelina Jolie's first appearance in the film industry was with her father.
| 1 | 2 |
Angelina Jolie
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was one of the most dominating pitchers of the 19th century and posted impressive statistics in one category or another for almost every season he pitched."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Keefe was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1964 after being elected by the Veterans Committee."
}
] |
GI36W3SmBsHCrMwdDQF3
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1964."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Keefe was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1964 after being elected by the Veterans Committee."
},
{
"section_header": "Career statistics",
"text": "Official career statistics as recognized by Baseball-Reference.com.'"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "With the help of local former pitcher Tommy Bond, Keefe persisted and became known as a standout local pitcher by 1876."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was one of the most dominating pitchers of the 19th century and posted impressive statistics in one category or another for almost every season he pitched."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Timothy John Keefe (January 1, 1857 – April 23, 1933), nicknamed \"Smiling Tim\" and \"Sir Timothy\", was an American Major League Baseball pitcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "He immediately established himself as a talented pitcher, posting an astounding 0.86 ERA in 105 innings pitched, a record that still stands. (He also posted the best Adjusted ERA+ in baseball history in 1880.) Despite the sterling ERA, he managed but a 6–6 record, pitching in 12 games, all complete games."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Keefe's career spanned much of baseball's formative stages."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Tim's brother became a major and fought in the Spanish–American War."
},
{
"section_header": "Career statistics",
"text": "* ' denotes stats that were not officially recognized during parts or all of his career, and are incomplete."
}
] |
Tim Keefe's successful career was showcased as he became one of the prevailing baseball pitchers recognized by his place in the Hall of Fame after his death.
| 0 | 0 |
Tim Keefe
|
Popular Culture
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Brandy was of German heritage and grew up in Rockford, Illinois."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Alicia Christian Foster was born on November 19, 1962, in Los Angeles, California, the youngest child of Evelyn Ella (\"Brandy\"; née Almond) and Lucius Fisher Foster III."
}
] |
GIEnZqQV986YOJOMWpTh
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Foster also has Irish roots, with ancestry that can be traced back to County Cork."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1965–1975: Early work",
"text": "Her mother had intended only for Jodie's older brother Buddy to audition, but had taken Jodie with them to the casting call, where she was noticed by the casting agents."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Foster Child: A Biography of Jodie Foster."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | John Hinckley incident",
"text": "He moved to New Haven and tried to contact her, both through letters and by phone."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1976–1980: Taxi Driver and teenage stardom",
"text": "After filming Carny in 1979, Foster's mother felt that Foster need new photos to reflect that Foster could take adult roles, so when Foster was 16, her mother arranged Emilio Lari to do a mature, partially nude photoshoot of her at a rented estate in Los Angeles; Foster's mother and Lari's wife also stayed on the set (during the photoshoot) to protect the safety of Foster."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Brandy was of German heritage and grew up in Rockford, Illinois."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "She also understands Italian, although she does not speak it, as well as some German and Spanish."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Hollinger, Karen (2012). \" Jodie Foster: Feminist Hero?\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alicia Christian \"Jodie\" Foster (born November 19, 1962) is an American actress and director."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Although Foster was officially named Alicia, her siblings began calling her \"Jodie\", and the name stuck."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Alicia Christian Foster was born on November 19, 1962, in Los Angeles, California, the youngest child of Evelyn Ella (\"Brandy\"; née Almond) and Lucius Fisher Foster III."
}
] |
Jodie Foster has German roots through her mother.
| 2 | 8 |
Jodie Foster
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Bridge of San Luis Rey is American author Thornton Wilder's second novel, first published in 1927 to worldwide acclaim."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It tells the story of several interrelated people who die in the collapse of an Inca rope bridge in Peru, and the events that lead up to their being on the bridge."
}
] |
GIMhNvk1ME8M0FgM3fJw
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Recognition and influence",
"text": "The Bridge of San Luis Rey won the 1928 Pulitzer Prize for the Novel, and remains widely acclaimed as Wilder's most famous work."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Bridge of San Luis Rey is American author Thornton Wilder's second novel, first published in 1927 to worldwide acclaim."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel won the Pulitzer Prize in 1928, and was the best-selling work of fiction that year."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "FilmThree US films have been based on the novel: The Bridge of San Luis Rey (1929) The Bridge of San Luis Rey (1944) The Bridge of San Luis Rey (2004)TheaterA play for puppets and actors was based on the novel, adapted by Greg Carter and directed by Sheila Daniels: The Bridge of San Luis Rey (2006)A play adapted by Cynthia Meier has been performed in Arizona and Connecticut."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part Four: Uncle Pio; Don Jaime",
"text": "Uncle Pio and Jaime leave the next morning, and are the fourth and fifth people on the bridge of San Luis Rey when it collapses."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It tells the story of several interrelated people who die in the collapse of an Inca rope bridge in Peru, and the events that lead up to their being on the bridge."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes and sources",
"text": "The name of the bridge is drawn from the Mission San Luis Rey de Francia in San Diego County, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Recognition and influence | Influences",
"text": "The Bridge of San Luis Rey was cited by American writer John Hersey as a direct inspiration for his nonfiction work Hiroshima (1946)."
},
{
"section_header": "Recognition and influence | Influences",
"text": "The book is referred to in the Monk television episode \"Mr. Monk and the Earthquake\", when Darryl Wright claims to Adrian Monk, Sharona Fleming and Gail Fleming to have written a Pulitzer Prize-nominated article about five people who died in a bridge collapse."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part Two: the Marquesa de Montemayor; Pepita",
"text": "She writes her \"first letter\" (actually Letter LVI) of courageous love to her daughter, but two days later, returning to Lima, she and Pepita are on the bridge of San Luis Rey when it collapses."
}
] |
The 1927 novel The Bridge of San Luis Rey about people who die in Peru won the Pulitzer Prize.
| 0 | 0 |
The Bridge of San Luis Rey
|
NOCAT
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pope Gregory VII ( Latin: Gregorius VII; c. 1015 – 25 May 1085), born Hildebrand of Sovana ("
}
] |
GISV2tJbwMy4OYii8kL1
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Pontificate | Election to the papacy",
"text": "Pope Gregory VII was one of the few popes elected by acclamation."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Pope Gregory VII died in exile in Salerno; the epitaph on his sarcophagus in the city's Cathedral says: \"I have loved justice and hated iniquity; therefore, I die in exile.\" Gregory VII was beatified by Pope Gregory XIII in 1584 and canonized on 24 May 1728 by Pope Benedict XIII."
},
{
"section_header": "Start of conflict with the Emperor | Pope and emperor depose each other",
"text": "On the following day, 22 February 1076, Pope Gregory VII pronounced a sentence of excommunication against Henry IV with all due solemnity, divested him of his royal dignity and absolved his subjects from the oaths they had sworn to him."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was also at the forefront of developments in the relationship between the emperor and the papacy during the years before he became pope."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pope Gregory VII ( Latin: Gregorius VII; c. 1015 – 25 May 1085), born Hildebrand of Sovana ("
},
{
"section_header": "Pontificate | Election to the papacy",
"text": "In the same year Gregory VII summoned a council in the Lateran palace, which condemned simony and confirmed celibacy for the Church's clergy."
},
{
"section_header": "Start of conflict with the Emperor",
"text": "In the two years following the election of Gregory VII, Henry was forced by the Saxon Rebellion to come to amicable terms with him at any cost."
},
{
"section_header": "Doctrine of the Eucharist",
"text": "Gregory VII was seen by Pope Paul VI as instrumental in affirming the tenet that Christ is present in the Blessed Sacrament."
},
{
"section_header": "Start of conflict with the Emperor | Later excommunications of Henry IV",
"text": "At the election, the papal legates present observed the appearance of neutrality, and Gregory VII himself sought to maintain this attitude during the following years."
},
{
"section_header": "Start of conflict with the Emperor | Pope and emperor depose each other",
"text": "In another, Henry pronounced him deposed, and the Romans were required to choose a new pope."
}
] |
Pope Gregory VII was pope for 12 years.
| 0 | 2 |
Pope Gregory VII
|
Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Work in abstract algebra",
"text": "In his 1935 memorial address, Alexandrov named Emmy Noether \"the greatest woman mathematician of all time\"."
}
] |
GJNUBLOCdKv2UtXfSQKp
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "As a girl, Noether was well liked."
},
{
"section_header": "Contributions to mathematics and physics | Second epoch (1920–1926): Ascending and descending chain conditions",
"text": "Another application of such chain conditions is in Noetherian induction—also known as well-founded induction—which is a generalization of mathematical induction."
},
{
"section_header": "Work in abstract algebra",
"text": "From 1926 to 1930 Russian topologist Pavel Alexandrov lectured at the university, and he and Noether quickly became good friends."
},
{
"section_header": "Work in abstract algebra",
"text": "In his 1935 memorial address, Alexandrov named Emmy Noether \"the greatest woman mathematician of all time\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Contributions to mathematics and physics",
"text": "Her mathematical horizons broadened, and her work became more general and abstract, as she became acquainted with the work of David Hilbert, through close interactions with a successor to Gordan, Ernst Sigismund Fischer."
},
{
"section_header": "Contributions to mathematics and physics | Background on abstract algebra and begriffliche Mathematik (conceptual mathematics)",
"text": "Unlike most mathematicians, she did not make abstractions by generalizing from known examples; rather, she worked directly with the abstractions."
},
{
"section_header": "Work in abstract algebra",
"text": "He immediately began working with Noether, who provided invaluable methods of abstract conceptualization."
},
{
"section_header": "Contributions to mathematics and physics | Second epoch (1920–1926): Contributions to topology",
"text": "Noether observed that her idea of a Betti group makes the Euler–Poincaré formula simpler to understand, and Hopf's own work on this subject \"bears the imprint of these remarks of Emmy Noether\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Work in abstract algebra",
"text": "Van der Waerden's visit was part of a convergence of mathematicians from all over the world to Göttingen, which became a major hub of mathematical and physical research."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessment, recognition, and memorials",
"text": "The minor planet 7001 Noether is named for Emmy Noether."
}
] |
Emmy Noether became well known for her work as a math wizard.
| 2 | 4 |
Emmy Noether
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Early years (1977–1979)",
"text": "Elliott proposed the name \"Deaf Leopard\" which was originally a band name he thought of while designing band posters in art class."
}
] |
GJo5jHM2we1b0re9fSqK
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Rise to fame (1980–1983)",
"text": "The lead single, \"Photograph\", turned Def Leppard into a household name, supplanting Michael Jackson's"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early years (1977–1979)",
"text": "Elliott proposed the name \"Deaf Leopard\" which was originally a band name he thought of while designing band posters in art class."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style and legacy | Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction",
"text": "On 13 December 2018, Def Leppard were named in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's Class of 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Songs from the Sparkle Lounge (2008–2009)",
"text": "It was the coolest thing in the world to have my band on stage with them ... It was the most amazing feeling in the world ...\" Joe Elliott from Def Leppard said, \"What an absolute pleasure it was to work with Taylor and her band who are a great set of musicians."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Recent events and self-titled album (2010–present)",
"text": "Joe Elliott also contributed another track, \"Hi, Hi, Hi\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Recent events and self-titled album (2010–present)",
"text": "Joe Elliott became ill with laryngitis on the night of their cruise performance."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early years (1977–1979)",
"text": "Def Leppard's original management, MSB, a local duo consisting of Pete Martin and Frank Stuart-Brown, were fired after Martin and Joe Elliott got into a fistfight over an incident on the road."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Hysteria era (1984–1989)",
"text": "Joe Elliott reports this as being a \"very emotional moment.\" During this period, Mutt Lange returned as producer."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Rise to fame (1980–1983)",
"text": "In the documentary series Metal Evolution, Joe Elliott says that the media had exaggerated the event and all bands on the day had experienced 'abuse' from the crowd."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Hysteria era (1984–1989)",
"text": "Allen's comeback was sealed at the 1986 Monsters of Rock festival in England, with an emotionally charged ovation after his introduction by Joe Elliott."
}
] |
Def Leppard was given its name by Joe Elliott.
| 0 | 0 |
Def Leppard
|
NOCAT
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "The Essay also gives this famous line (towards the end of Part II): The phrase \"fools rush in where angels fear to tread\" from Part III (line 625) has become part of the popular lexicon, and has been used for and in various works."
}
] |
GKSskx4SkY8XbnipkwvN
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An Essay on Criticism is one of the first major poems written by the English writer Alexander Pope (1688–1744)."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure and themes",
"text": "The verse \"essay\" was not an uncommon form in eighteenth-century poetry, deriving ultimately from classical forebears including Horace's Ars Poetica and Lucretius' De rerum natura."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "Thomas Rymer, and Jonathan Swift were among other critics: Rymer, who had the strongest critique said, \"till of late years England was as free from critics as it is from wolves... they who are least acquainted with the game are aptest to bark at everything that comes in their way.\"; Swift's statement concentrated on critics who were damned \"as barbarous as a judge who should take up a resolution to hang all men that came before him upon trial.\" Part II of An Essay on Criticism includes a famous couplet: This is in reference to the spring in the Pierian Mountains in Macedonia, sacred to the Muses."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "An Essay on Criticism was famously and fiercely attacked by John Dennis, who is mentioned mockingly in the work."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure and themes",
"text": "As is usual in Pope's poems, the Essay concludes with a reference to Pope himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure and themes",
"text": "Pope contends in the poem's opening couplets that bad criticism does greater harm than bad writing: Despite the harmful effects of bad criticism, literature requires worthy criticism."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure and themes",
"text": "William Walsh, the last of the critics mentioned, was a mentor and friend of Pope who had died in 1708."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "The Essay also gives this famous line (towards the end of Part II): The phrase \"fools rush in where angels fear to tread\" from Part III (line 625) has become part of the popular lexicon, and has been used for and in various works."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "Composed in heroic couplets (pairs of adjacent rhyming lines of iambic pentameter) and written in the Horatian mode of satire, it is a verse essay primarily concerned with how writers and critics behave in the new literary commerce of Pope's contemporary age."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure and themes",
"text": "Pope delineates common faults of poets, e.g., settling for easy and clichéd rhymes: Throughout the poem, Pope refers to ancient writers such as Virgil, Homer, Aristotle, Horace and Longinus."
}
] |
Essay on Criticism has several quotes including themes of love and happiness.
| 0 | 0 |
Essay on Criticism
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The most famous of Thurber's stories, it first appeared in The New Yorker on March 18, 1939, and was first collected in his book My World and Welcome to It (Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1942)."
}
] |
GKURgG2ADzJZm4uLI8ZF
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty\" (1939) is a short story by James Thurber."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage adaptations",
"text": "This musical version of The Secret Life of Walter Mitty depicts Mitty at age 40, tempted by \"would-be chanteuse\" Willa De Wisp to leave his wife Agnes and really live \"the Secret Life\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage adaptations",
"text": "\"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty\" was adapted for the stage by Thurber as part of the 1960 Broadway theater revue A Thurber Carnival."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "In his 2001 book The Man Who Was Walter Mitty: The Life and Work of James Thurber (ISBN 0-930751-13-2), author Thomas Fensch suggests that the character was largely based on Thurber himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The most famous of Thurber's stories, it first appeared in The New Yorker on March 18, 1939, and was first collected in his book My World and Welcome to It (Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1942)."
},
{
"section_header": "1947 film",
"text": "In a letter to Life magazine, Thurber expressed his considerable dissatisfaction with the script, even as Goldwyn insisted in another letter that Thurber approved of it."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage adaptations",
"text": "The original cast for the sketch was as follows: Peggy Cass as Mrs. Mitty Tom Ewell as Walter Mitty"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "My First Hundred Years in Hollywood, described the actor Errol Flynn in the following way: \"To the Walter Mittys of the world he was all the heroes in one magnificent, sexy, animal package.\" The short story deals with a vague and mild-mannered man who drives into Waterbury, Connecticut, with his wife for their regular weekly shopping and his wife's visit to the beauty parlor."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The first is as a pilot of a U.S. Navy flying boat in a storm, then he is a magnificent surgeon performing a one-of-a-kind surgery, then as a deadly assassin testifying in a courtroom, and then as a Royal Air Force pilot volunteering for a daring, secret suicide mission to bomb an ammunition dump."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story is considered one of Thurber's \"acknowledged masterpieces\"."
}
] |
"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty" was the most famous story by the author.
| 0 | 0 |
The Secret Life of Walter Mitty
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Characters | Satan",
"text": "He was once the most beautiful of all angels, and is a tragic figure who famously declares: \"Better to reign in Hell than serve in Heaven."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "In Book 9, a verse describing the serpent which tempted Eve to eat the forbidden fruit in the Garden of Eden spells out \"SATAN\" (9.510), while elsewhere in the same book, Milton spells out \"FFAALL\" and \"FALL\"."
}
] |
GKpPW252hMHvMiLrlBPp
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "In the 1667 version of Paradise Lost, the poem was divided into ten books."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Satan",
"text": "Though commonly understood to be the antagonizing force in Paradise Lost, Satan may be best defined as a tragic or Hellenic hero."
},
{
"section_header": "Motifs | Idolatry",
"text": "In Book XI of Paradise Lost, Adam tries to atone for his sins by offering to build altars to worship God."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "Milton's purpose, as stated in Book I, is to \"justify the ways of God to men.\" In his introduction to the Penguin edition of Paradise Lost, the Milton scholar John Leonard notes, \"John Milton was nearly sixty when he published Paradise Lost in 1667."
},
{
"section_header": "Iconography",
"text": "Outside of book illustrations, the epic has also inspired other visual works by well-known painters like Salvador Dalí who executed a set of ten colour engravings in 1974."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Satan",
"text": "He was once the most beautiful of all angels, and is a tragic figure who famously declares: \"Better to reign in Hell than serve in Heaven."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | The Son of God",
"text": "Milton's God in Paradise Lost refers to the Son as \"My word, my wisdom, and effectual might\" (3.170)."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Satan",
"text": "Although Satan's army inevitably loses the war against God, Satan achieves a position of power and begins his reign in Hell with his band of loyal followers, composed of fallen angels, which is described to be a \"third of heaven."
},
{
"section_header": "Motifs | Idolatry",
"text": "The majority of these similarities revolve around a structural likeness, but as Lyle explains, they play a greater role."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Satan",
"text": "Because Satan does not exist solely for himself, as without God he would not have a role to play in the story, he may not be viewed as the protagonist because of the continual shifts in perspective and relative importance of characters in each book of the work."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "In Book 9, a verse describing the serpent which tempted Eve to eat the forbidden fruit in the Garden of Eden spells out \"SATAN\" (9.510), while elsewhere in the same book, Milton spells out \"FFAALL\" and \"FALL\"."
}
] |
The book, Paradise Lost, is known for it's famous phrase that starts with, "Better to reign in hell..." and has characters like Satan and Eve.
| 0 | 1 |
Paradise Lost
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She has a younger brother, Clive, and an older (now deceased) half-sister, June, from her father's relationship with an Indian woman, who worked as a tea picker on his plantation."
}
] |
GL4tKDhZdSidWbZdLVqr
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Christie returned to the United Kingdom in 1977, living on a farm in Wales."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her parents separated when Julie was a child."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "According to Life magazine, 1965 was \"The Year of Julie Christie\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Christie's breakthrough film role was in Billy Liar (1963)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Julie Frances Christie (born 14 April 1940) is a British actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In July 2006 she was a member of the jury at the 28th Moscow International Film Festival."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Christie's persona as the swinging sixties British woman she had embodied in Billy Liar and Darling was further cemented by her appearance in the documentary"
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1967, Time magazine said of her: \"What Julie Christie wears has more real impact on fashion than all the clothes of the ten best-dressed women"
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In David Lean's Doctor Zhivago (also 1965), adapted from the epic/romance novel by Boris Pasternak, Christie's role as Lara Antipova became her best known."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Christie's performance generated Oscar buzz, leading the distributor, Lions Gate Entertainment, to buy the film at the festival to release the film in 2007 to build momentum during the awards season."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She has a younger brother, Clive, and an older (now deceased) half-sister, June, from her father's relationship with an Indian woman, who worked as a tea picker on his plantation."
}
] |
Julie Christie's father was elected to serve in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
| 0 | 0 |
Julie Christie
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Palace of Versailles ( vair-SY, vur-SY; French: The Palace of Versailles ( vair-SY, vur-SY; French: Château de Versailles [ʃɑto d(ə) vɛʁsɑj] (listen)) was the principal royal residence of France from 1682, under Louis XIV, until the start of the French Revolution in 1789, under Louis XVI."
}
] |
GLsbMHarEPyNp525Ie8s
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2017 the Palace of Versailles received 7,700,000 visitors, making it the second-most visited monument in the Île-de-France region, just behind the Louvre and ahead of the Eiffel Tower."
},
{
"section_header": "The Grand Trianon and Petit Trianon",
"text": "After the Revolution, the Trianon served as a residence for both Napoleon I and later for King Louis-Philippe when they visited Versailles."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The palace has also been a site of historical importance."
},
{
"section_header": "History | The Palace of Louis XV",
"text": "In 1722, when the King came of age, he moved his residence and the government back to Versailles, where it remained until the French Revolution in 1789."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Palace of Versailles ( vair-SY, vur-SY; French: The Palace of Versailles ( vair-SY, vur-SY; French: Château de Versailles [ʃɑto d(ə) vɛʁsɑj] (listen)) was the principal royal residence of France from 1682, under Louis XIV, until the start of the French Revolution in 1789, under Louis XVI."
},
{
"section_header": "Royal Apartments | The State Apartments of the King | The Salon of Diana",
"text": "The celebrated bust of Louis XIV by Bernini made during the famous sculptor's visit to France in 1665, is on display here."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Louis XVI, and the Palace during the Revolution",
"text": "The Queen was at the Petit Trianon in July 1789 when she first learned of the beginning of the French Revolution."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Louis XVI, and the Palace during the Revolution",
"text": "The King and Queen learned of the storming of the Bastille in Paris on July 14, 1789, while they were at the Palace, and remained isolated there as the Revolution in Paris spread."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Louis XVI, and the Palace during the Revolution",
"text": "In 1783, the Palace was the site of the signing of three treaties of the Peace of Paris (1783), in which the United Kingdom recognized the independence of the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Museum of the History of France",
"text": "Shortly after becoming King in 1830, Louis Philippe I decided to transform the Palace, which was empty of furnishings and in poor repair, into a museum devoted to \"All the Glories of France,\" with paintings and sculpture depicting famous French victories and heroes."
}
] |
Palace of Versailles was the secondary resident of the King of France during the French Revolution and the second most visited historical site in the Île-de-France region.
| 0 | 0 |
Palace of Versailles
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is set in Russia between the years prior to World War I and the Russian Civil War of 1918–1922, and is based on the 1957 Boris Pasternak novel Doctor Zhivago."
}
] |
GMJAU6RbRoBZl6Q2nGOh
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Doctor Zhivago (Italian: Il dottor Živago) is a 1965 epic romantic drama film directed by David Lean with a screenplay by Robert Bolt."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "On 24 September 2002, the 35th Anniversary version of Doctor Zhivago was issued on DVD (two-disc set), and another Anniversary Edition in 2010 on Blu-ray (a three-disc set that includes a book)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is set in Russia between the years prior to World War I and the Russian Civil War of 1918–1922, and is based on the 1957 Boris Pasternak novel Doctor Zhivago."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part one",
"text": "A narrative framing device, set in the late 1940s or early 1950s, involves KGB Lieutenant General Yevgraf Andreyevich Zhivago searching for the daughter of his half brother, Doctor Yuri Andreyevich Zhivago, and Larissa (\"Lara\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "\" The Monthly Film Bulletin wrote: \"The best one can say of Doctor Zhivago is that it is an honest failure."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "The film was shot over ten months, with the entire Moscow set being built from scratch outside Madrid."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part one",
"text": "Yuri Zhivago is drafted and becomes a battlefield doctor."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "Upon its initial release, Doctor Zhivago was criticized for its romanticization of the revolution."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "\"In 2013, Jennifer Lee and Chris Buck cited Doctor Zhivago as an influence on the 2013 Walt Disney Animation Studios film Frozen."
},
{
"section_header": "Accolades",
"text": "Both films won five oscars apiece, but The Sound of Music beat out Doctor Zhivago in the Best Picture and Director categories."
}
] |
The 1965 film Doctor Zhivago is set in the Ukraine.
| 0 | 0 |
Doctor Zhivago (film)
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Wives, concubines, and children",
"text": "In the 13th century, Marco Polo recorded that Kublai had four wives and a great number of concubines."
}
] |
GMlDeHsLbFeSXstEUbgA
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later years",
"text": "Only two of Kublai's daughters are known by name; he may have had others."
},
{
"section_header": "Enthronement and civil war",
"text": "The Ilkhan Hulagu also sided with Kublai and criticized Ariq Böke."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years",
"text": "Unlike the formidable women of his grandfather's day, Kublai's wives and daughters were an almost invisible presence."
},
{
"section_header": "Nayan's rebellion",
"text": "This rebellion forced Kublai to approve the creation of the Liaoyang Branch Secretariat on December 4, 1287, while rewarding loyal fraternal princes."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Emperor of the Yuan dynasty | Scientific developments and relations with minorities",
"text": "Thirty Muslims served as high officials in the court of Kublai Khan."
},
{
"section_header": "Enthronement and civil war",
"text": "These armies also executed Wang Wentong, Li Tan's father-in-law, who had been appointed the Chief Administrator of the Central Secretariat (Zhongshu Sheng) early in Kublai's reign and became one of Kublai's most trusted Han Chinese officials."
},
{
"section_header": "Victory in North China",
"text": "One wing rode eastward into the Sichuan basin."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Great Khan of the Mongols",
"text": "In 1260, Kublai sent one of his advisors, Hao Ching, to the court of Emperor Lizong of Song to say that if Lizong submitted to Kublai and surrender his dynasty, he would be granted some autonomy."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Great Khan of the Mongols",
"text": "In the new official version of his family's history, Kublai refused to write Berke's name as the khan of the Golden Horde because of Berke's support for Ariq Böke and wars with Hulagu; however, Jochi's family was fully recognized as legitimate family members."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Because he was inexperienced, Kublai allowed local officials free rein."
},
{
"section_header": "Wives, concubines, and children",
"text": "In the 13th century, Marco Polo recorded that Kublai had four wives and a great number of concubines."
}
] |
Khan had 4 official marriages and multiple other women on the side.
| 0 | 2 |
Kublai Khan
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Battle of Salamis ( SAL-ə-miss; Ancient Greek: Ναυμαχία τῆς Σαλαμῖνος, romanized: Naumachía tês Salamînos) was a naval battle fought between an alliance of Greek city-states under Themistocles, and the Persian Empire under King Xerxes in 480 BC."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It resulted in a decisive victory for the outnumbered Greeks."
}
] |
GN0SfjDdMh6Bb1dsSZR5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "The opposing forces | The Greek fleet",
"text": "According to Herodotus, two more ships defected from the Persians to the Greeks, one before Artemisium and one before Salamis, so the total complement at Salamis would have been 373 (or 380).According to the Athenian playwright Aeschylus, who actually fought at Salamis, the Greek fleet numbered 310 triremes (the difference being the number of Athenian ships)."
},
{
"section_header": "The opposing forces | The Greek fleet",
"text": "He does not explicitly say that all 378 fought at Salamis (\"All of these came to the war providing triremes... The total number of ships...was three hundred and seventy-eight\"), and he also says that the Aeginetans \"had other manned ships, but they guarded their own land with these and fought at Salamis with the thirty most seaworthy\"."
},
{
"section_header": "The opposing forces | The Achemenid fleet",
"text": "Aeschylus, who fought at Salamis, also claims that he faced 1,207 warships there, of which 207 were \"fast ships\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Significance",
"text": "Salamis started a decisive swing in the balance of power toward the Greeks, which would culminate in an eventual Greek victory, severely reducing Persian power in the Aegean."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It resulted in a decisive victory for the outnumbered Greeks."
},
{
"section_header": "Significance",
"text": "A significant number of historians have stated that Salamis is one of the most significant battles in human history (though the same is often stated of Marathon)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The battle was fought in the straits between the mainland and Salamis, an island in the Saronic Gulf near Athens, and marked the high point of the second Persian invasion of Greece."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Battle of Salamis ( SAL-ə-miss; Ancient Greek: Ναυμαχία τῆς Σαλαμῖνος, romanized: Naumachía tês Salamînos) was a naval battle fought between an alliance of Greek city-states under Themistocles, and the Persian Empire under King Xerxes in 480 BC."
},
{
"section_header": "The battle | The main battle",
"text": "The details of the rest of the battle are generally sketchy, and no one involved would have had a view of the entire battlefield."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Seizing the opportunity, the Greek fleet formed in line and scored a decisive victory."
}
] |
The Battle of Salamis was a victory for a group of Greeks and was fought on water.
| 1 | 5 |
Battle of Salamis
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Prison life and the cells | Corridors",
"text": "Alcatraz cellhouse had a corridor naming system named after major American streets and landmarks."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Prison corridors were named after major U.S. streets such as Broadway and Michigan Avenue."
}
] |
GN4Cad597ditenJx1vd4
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Prison life and the cells | Dining",
"text": "The food served at Alcatraz was reportedly the best in the United States prison system."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The United States Department of Justice acquired the United States Disciplinary Barracks, Pacific Branch, on Alcatraz on 12 October 1933, and the island became a prison of the Federal Bureau of Prisons in August 1934 after the buildings were modernized and security increased."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "gannet (\"the diver\")'] or The Rock) was a maximum security federal prison on Alcatraz Island, 1.25 miles (2.01 km) off the coast of San Francisco, California, United States, the site of a fort since the 1850s; the main prison building was built in 1910–1912 as a United States Army military prison."
},
{
"section_header": "Prison life and the cells | Corridors",
"text": "Alcatraz cellhouse had a corridor naming system named after major American streets and landmarks."
},
{
"section_header": "Prison life and the cells | Corridors",
"text": "The corridor in D-Block was named Sunset Strip."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Final years",
"text": "However, it was by far the most expensive prison in the United States, and many still perceived it as America's most extreme jail."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary or United States Penitentiary, Alcatraz Island (often referred to as Alcatraz [, Spanish pronunciation: [al-ka-tɾas] The Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary or United States Penitentiary, Alcatraz Island (often referred to as Alcatraz [, Spanish pronunciation: [al-ka-tɾas] (Latin America)/Spanish pronunciation: [al-ka-tɾaθ] (Spain) from Arabic: غطاس, romanized: al-ġaţţās, lit. '"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early history",
"text": "At 9:40 a.m. on 11 August 1934, the first batch of 137 prisoners arrived at Alcatraz from the United States Penitentiary in Leavenworth, Kansas, having travelled by rail to Santa Venetia, California."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction",
"text": "George Hess of the United States Public Health Service was appointed chief medical officer and Edward W. Twitchell became a consultant in psychiatry for Alcatraz in January 1934.The"
},
{
"section_header": "Prison life and the cells",
"text": "The penitentiary established a very strict regimen of rules and regulations under the title \"the Rules and Regulations for the Government and Discipline of the United States Penal and Correctional Institutions\" and also a \"Daily Routine of Work and Counts\" to be followed by the prisoners and also the guards."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Prison corridors were named after major U.S. streets such as Broadway and Michigan Avenue."
}
] |
The prison blocks in Alcatraz were named after famous cities in the United States.
| 0 | 0 |
Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "1934 tour of Japan",
"text": "After the 1934 season, Gehringer was part of the Major League All Star tour of Japan."
}
] |
GOOZoGAsVgQC9vEY2eUh
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "1934 tour of Japan",
"text": "The American team included Gehringer, Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, and Jimmie Foxx."
},
{
"section_header": "1934 tour of Japan",
"text": "After the 1934 season, Gehringer was part of the Major League All Star tour of Japan."
},
{
"section_header": "1934 tour of Japan",
"text": "The American team won all 18 games by a combined score of 189–39, but on November 20, 1934, 17-year-old Eiji Sawamura pitched seven shutout innings and had consecutive strikeouts of Gehringer, Ruth, Gehrig, and Foxx."
},
{
"section_header": "1934 tour of Japan",
"text": "They played 18 games against a Japanese All Star Team."
},
{
"section_header": "MVP award and batting crown",
"text": "He finished 4th in the MVP voting, as Lou Gehrig became the only non-Tiger to win the MVP award from 1934 to 1937."
},
{
"section_header": "Life in the off-season",
"text": "He also spent many years barnstorming with other Major League players."
},
{
"section_header": "Life in the off-season",
"text": "One year, he traveled with a touring group from the Negro Leagues, including Satchel Paige, Buck Leonard, Judy Johnson, and Mule Suttles."
},
{
"section_header": "Life after baseball",
"text": "At age 82, Gehringer served as the American League honorary captain at the 1986 Major League Baseball All-Star Game at the Astrodome in Houston, Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Rogell and Gehringer",
"text": "The two twice led the league in double plays. (Another Tiger duo, Lou Whitaker and Alan Trammell, holds the major league record with 1,918 games played as a double-play combination.) Rogell's fiery demeanor was a stark contrast to the calm, quiet demeanor of Gehringer."
},
{
"section_header": "Back-to-back pennants (1934 and 1935)",
"text": "The Detroit infield in the mid-1930s was one of the best-hitting combinations in major league history."
}
] |
Charlie Gehringer was part of the Major League All Star tour of Japan after the 1935 season alongside, Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, and Jimmie Foxx.
| 0 | 0 |
Charlie Gehringer
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He also worked in films throughout his career, playing more than fifty cinema roles."
}
] |
GOZKiSW1Lhrcirf8AAGp
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Rising star (1930–1935)",
"text": "Mercutio and Olivier played Romeo, after which they exchanged roles."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Later years (1975–1989)",
"text": "In his final speech, over Cordelia's lifeless body, he brings us so close to Lear's sorrow that we can hardly bear to watch, because we have seen the last Shakespearean hero Laurence Olivier will ever play."
},
{
"section_header": "Technique and reputation",
"text": "In an obituary tribute in The Times, Bernard Levin wrote, \"What we have lost with Laurence Olivier is glory."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Last years with Leigh (1955–1956)",
"text": "In 1955 Olivier and Leigh were invited to play leading roles in three plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre, Stratford."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early acting career (1924–1929)",
"text": "The Manchester Guardian commented, \"Mr. Laurence Olivier did his best as Beau, but he deserves and will get better parts."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Co-directing the Old Vic (1944–1948)",
"text": "Olivier played King Lear, and Richardson took the title role in Cyrano de Bergerac."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Last years with Leigh (1955–1956)",
"text": "Rehearsals were difficult, with Olivier determined to play his conception of the role despite the director's view that it was vulgar."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Post-war (1948–1951)",
"text": "Shortly afterwards Finch moved to London, where Olivier auditioned him and put him under a long-term contract with Laurence Olivier Productions."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Post-war (1948–1951)",
"text": "The production was popular, despite poor reviews, but the expensive production did little to help the finances of Laurence Olivier Productions."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Old Vic and Vivien Leigh (1936–1938)",
"text": "For Othello he played Iago, with Richardson in the title role."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He also worked in films throughout his career, playing more than fifty cinema roles."
}
] |
Laurence Olivier played in sixty roles in the movies.
| 0 | 0 |
Laurence Olivier
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Story | Journey to Italy (books 1–6) | Book 1: Storm and refuge",
"text": "Also in the manner of Homer, the story proper begins in medias res (into the middle of things), with the Trojan fleet in the eastern Mediterranean, heading in the direction of Italy."
}
] |
GP0gd5Q0aK0nqMtfRDfn
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Virgil's death, and editing",
"text": "According to tradition, Virgil traveled to Greece around 19 BC to revise the Aeneid."
},
{
"section_header": "Virgil's death, and editing",
"text": "After meeting Augustus in Athens and deciding to return home, Virgil caught a fever while visiting a town near Megara."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Aeneid ( ih-NEE-id; Latin: Aeneis [ae̯ˈneːɪs]) is a Latin epic poem, written by Virgil between 29 and 19 BC, that tells the legendary story of Aeneas, a Trojan who travelled to Italy, where he became the ancestor of the Romans."
},
{
"section_header": "Story | Journey to Italy (books 1–6) | Book 2: Trojan Horse and sack of Troy",
"text": "The Greeks pretended to sail away, leaving a warrior, Sinon, to mislead the Trojans into believing that the horse was an offering and that if it were taken into the city, the Trojans would be able to conquer Greece."
},
{
"section_header": "Style | Structure",
"text": "The Aeneid comes to an abrupt ending, and scholars have speculated that Virgil died before he could finish the poem."
},
{
"section_header": "Virgil's death, and editing",
"text": "Virgil crossed to Italy by ship, weakened with disease, and died in Brundisium harbour on 21 September 19 BC, leaving a wish that the manuscript of the Aeneid was to be burned."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "Ursula Le Guin's 2008 novel Lavinia is a free prose retelling of the last six books of the Aeneid narrated by and centered on Aeneas' Latin wife Lavinia, a minor character in the epic poem."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The poem was unfinished when Virgil died in 19 BC."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Divine intervention",
"text": "Throughout the poem, the gods are constantly influencing the main characters and trying to change and impact the outcome, regardless of the fate that they all know will occur."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence | Parodies and travesties",
"text": "His epic poem was adapted into an animated feature film of the same name, in 1991, by Ukranimafilm."
},
{
"section_header": "Story | Journey to Italy (books 1–6) | Book 1: Storm and refuge",
"text": "Also in the manner of Homer, the story proper begins in medias res (into the middle of things), with the Trojan fleet in the eastern Mediterranean, heading in the direction of Italy."
}
] |
Virgil has his epic poem the Aeneid start with Aeneas trying to decide if he should leave Greece.
| 0 | 0 |
Aeneid
|
Technology
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Finance",
"text": "Netflix was announced to be the number one best stock in the 2010s, with a total return of 3,693%."
}
] |
GPjrKbemAVx0jGJrUmeB
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Finance",
"text": "Netflix was announced to be the number one best stock in the 2010s, with a total return of 3,693%."
},
{
"section_header": "Finance and revenue | 2010",
"text": "In 2010, Netflix's stock price increased 219% to $175.70 and it added eight million subscribers, bringing its total to 20 million."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Entertainment dominance, presence, and continued growth",
"text": "The company's published subscriber count increased from one million in the fourth quarter of 2002 to around 5.6 million at the end of the third quarter of 2006, to 14 million in March 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The company expanded internationally in 2010 with streaming available in Canada, followed by Latin America and the Caribbean."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | History",
"text": "It spent $117 million in the first six months of 2010 on streaming, up from $31 million in 2009."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Establishment",
"text": "Hastings is often quoted saying that he decided to start Netflix after being fined $40 at a Blockbuster store for being late to return a copy of Apollo 13, but he and Randolph designed this apocryphal story to explain the company's business model and motivation."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Film and television deals",
"text": "Netflix acquired the rights after the show's third season in 2010, at a point where original broadcaster AMC had expressed the possibility of cancelling the show."
},
{
"section_header": "Finance and revenue | 2010",
"text": "Revenue jumped 29% to $2.16 billion and net income was up 39% to $161 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | History",
"text": "In August 2010, Netflix reached a five-year deal worth nearly $1 billion to stream films from Paramount, Lionsgate and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | Disc rental",
"text": "On January 6, 2010, Netflix agreed with Warner Bros. to delay new release rentals 28 days prior to retail, in an attempt to help studios sell physical copies, and similar deals involving Universal and 20th"
}
] |
In the 2010s, it was announced to be the number one best stock in 2010 with a return of 3,693%.
| 1 | 4 |
Netflix
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Harridge (October 16, 1883 – April 9, 1971) was an American executive in professional baseball whose most significant role was as president of the American League (AL) from 1931 to 1959."
}
] |
GQB8Xzp19hRQ99vd3mJj
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "He worked as a railway ticket clerk before being hired in 1911 as the personal secretary to Ban Johnson, president of baseball's American League."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The American League Championship Series trophy is named the William Harridge Trophy in Harridge's honor."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "In 1927, Harridge became the American League secretary."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "Harridge faced some criticism for his involvement in allowing Arnold Johnson, a business associate of"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Harridge (October 16, 1883 – April 9, 1971) was an American executive in professional baseball whose most significant role was as president of the American League (AL) from 1931 to 1959."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "He is also criticized by some for his then \"non-involvement\" in turning a blind eye to the control that the Yankees had over Johnson and the A's."
}
] |
Harridge's most important role was as a secretary to Ban Johnson.
| 1 | 5 |
Will Harridge
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production of military equipment by South Africa",
"text": "South Africa has produced a variety of significant weapons, vehicles and planes for its own uses as well as for international export."
}
] |
GQNVFo6VaGEGa4fuEI5b
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production of military equipment by South Africa",
"text": "Some have been established weapons produced under licence and in other instances South Africa has innovated and manufactured its own weapons and vehicles."
},
{
"section_header": "Production of military equipment by South Africa",
"text": "South Africa has produced a variety of significant weapons, vehicles and planes for its own uses as well as for international export."
},
{
"section_header": "Production of military equipment by South Africa",
"text": "During the 1960s and 1970s, Armscor produced a great deal of South Africa's armament as South Africa was under UN sanctions."
},
{
"section_header": "South Africa and Israel",
"text": "U.S. Intelligence believed that Israel participated in South African nuclear research projects and supplied advanced non-nuclear weapons technology to South Africa during the 1970s, while South Africa was developing its own atomic bombs."
},
{
"section_header": "Production of military equipment by South Africa",
"text": "It was during this time that Armscor contracted with Gerald Bull's Space Research Corporation for advanced 155mm howitzer designs, which it eventually produced, used, and exported to countries such as Iraq."
},
{
"section_header": "Production of military equipment by South Africa",
"text": "The predominant manufacturer of weapons is Denel."
},
{
"section_header": "South Africa and Israel",
"text": "According to David Albright, writing for the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, \"Faced with sanctions, South Africa began to organize clandestine procurement networks in Europe and the United States, and it began a long, secret collaboration with Israel.\" although he goes on to say \"A common question is whether Israel provided South Africa with weapons design assistance, although available evidence argues against significant cooperation."
},
{
"section_header": "Boer Wars | First Anglo-Boer War",
"text": "The First Boer War, also known as the First Anglo-Boer War or the Transvaal War, was fought from 16 December 1880 until 23 March 1881 and was the first clash between the British and the South African Republic (Z.A.R.) Boers."
},
{
"section_header": "Boer Wars | Second Anglo-Boer War",
"text": "The Second Boer War, also known as the Second Anglo-Boer War, the Second Freedom War (Afrikaans) and referred to as the South African War in modern times took place from 11 October 1899 – 31 May 1902."
},
{
"section_header": "Boer Wars | Second Anglo-Boer War",
"text": "The Boers referred to the two wars as the Freedom Wars."
}
] |
During the Boer Wars, South Africa did not produce any weapons.
| 3 | 4 |
Boer Wars
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is remembered for strongly defending slavery and for advancing the concept of minority states' rights in politics."
}
] |
GQo7LqQsCC3SvSQK9XoS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Caldwell Calhoun (; March 18, 1782 – March 31, 1850) was an American statesman and political theorist from South Carolina who served as the seventh vice president of the United States from 1825 to 1832."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Monuments and memorials",
"text": "The USS John C. Calhoun, in commission from 1963 to 1994, was a Fleet Ballistic Missile nuclear submarine."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Monuments and memorials",
"text": "In 1910, the state of South Carolina gave a statue of John C. Calhoun to the National Statuary Hall Collection."
},
{
"section_header": "Political philosophy | Slavery",
"text": "Calhoun was thus firmly convinced that slavery was the key to the success of the American dream."
},
{
"section_header": "Political philosophy | Slavery",
"text": "Shortly after delivering his speech against the Compromise of 1850, Calhoun predicted the destruction of the Union over the slavery issue."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Monuments and memorials",
"text": "In June 2020, Clemson University removed John C. Calhoun's name from Clemson University Calhoun Honors College, renaming it to Clemson University Honors College."
},
{
"section_header": "House of Representatives | War of 1812",
"text": "Americans celebrated what they called a \"second war of independence\" against Britain."
},
{
"section_header": "House of Representatives | War of 1812",
"text": "Brushing aside the vehement objections of both anti-war New Englanders and arch-conservative Jeffersonians led by John Randolph of Roanoke, they demanded war against Britain to preserve American honor and republican values."
},
{
"section_header": "Political philosophy | Slavery",
"text": "Calhoun rejected the belief of Southern leaders such as Henry Clay that all Americans could agree on the \"opinion and feeling\" that slavery was wrong, although they might disagree on the most practicable way to respond to that great wrong."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As a prominent leader of the war hawk faction, Calhoun strongly supported the War of 1812 to defend American honor against British infractions of American independence and neutrality during the Napoleonic Wars."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is remembered for strongly defending slavery and for advancing the concept of minority states' rights in politics."
}
] |
American statesman John C. Calhoun was against slavery.
| 0 | 0 |
John C. Calhoun
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The word \"quartz\" is derived from the German word \"Quarz\", which had the same form in the first half of the 14th century in Middle High German in East Central German and which came from the Polish dialect term kwardy, which corresponds to the Czech term tvrdý (\"hard\").The Ancient Greeks referred to quartz as κρύσταλλος (krustallos) derived from the Ancient Greek κρύος (kruos) meaning \"icy cold\", because some philosophers (including Theophrastus) apparently believed the mineral to be a form of supercooled ice."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Roman naturalist Pliny Roman naturalist Pliny the Elder believed quartz to be water ice, permanently frozen after great lengths of time. (The word \"crystal\" comes from the Greek word κρύσταλλος, \"ice\".) He supported this idea by saying that quartz is found near glaciers in the Alps, but not on volcanic mountains, and that large quartz crystals were fashioned into spheres to cool the hands."
}
] |
GQtUkM02ANNYRHD4kdQe
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Since antiquity, varieties of quartz have been the most commonly used minerals in the making of jewelry and hardstone carvings, especially in Eurasia."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Quartz was also used in Prehistoric Ireland, as well as many other countries, for stone tools; both vein quartz and rock crystal were knapped as part of the lithic technology of the prehistoric peoples."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Roman naturalist Pliny Roman naturalist Pliny the Elder believed quartz to be water ice, permanently frozen after great lengths of time. (The word \"crystal\" comes from the Greek word κρύσταλλος, \"ice\".) He supported this idea by saying that quartz is found near glaciers in the Alps, but not on volcanic mountains, and that large quartz crystals were fashioned into spheres to cool the hands."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "Today, the term rock crystal is sometimes used as an alternative name for the purest form of quartz."
},
{
"section_header": "Varieties (according to color) | Citrine",
"text": "do Sul. The name is derived from the Latin word citrina which means \"yellow\" and is also the origin of the word \"citron\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Varieties (according to color) | Citrine",
"text": "Citrine was first appreciated as a golden-yellow gemstone in Greece between 300 and 150 BC, during the Hellenistic Age."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Quartz is a hard, crystalline mineral composed of silicon and oxygen atoms."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The word \"quartz\" is derived from the German word \"Quarz\", which had the same form in the first half of the 14th century in Middle High German in East Central German and which came from the Polish dialect term kwardy, which corresponds to the Czech term tvrdý (\"hard\").The Ancient Greeks referred to quartz as κρύσταλλος (krustallos) derived from the Ancient Greek κρύος (kruos) meaning \"icy cold\", because some philosophers (including Theophrastus) apparently believed the mineral to be a form of supercooled ice."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The Irish word for quartz is grianchloch, which means 'sunstone'."
},
{
"section_header": "Varieties (according to color) | Citrine",
"text": "It is nearly impossible to differentiate between cut citrine and yellow topaz visually, but they differ in hardness."
}
] |
The antiquated people of Rome and Greece used the word "quartz" to describe a warm, moving form of hard water.
| 0 | 0 |
Quartz
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act 3",
"text": "The play ends with a sentimental reconciliation between Jimmy and Alison."
}
] |
GR7KolSec1FbCpFe1fXd
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Osborne drew inspiration from his personal life and failing marriage with Pamela Lane while writing Look Back in Anger, which was his first successful outing as a playwright."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Written in 17 days in a deck chair on Morecambe Pier, Look Back in Anger was a strongly autobiographical piece based on Osborne's unhappy marriage to actress Pamela Lane and their life in cramped accommodation in Derby."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Look Back in Anger (1956) is a realist play written by John Osborne."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "At the time of production reviews of Look Back in Anger were deeply negative."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Music",
"text": "I'll Trade You a Car. \"Look Back in Anger\" is a song by British singer David Bowie from his 1979 album Lodger, however there is no connection to the play, only a shared title."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Music",
"text": "\"Look Back in Anger\" is a song by British rock group Television Personalities from their first album ... And Don't the Kids"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This harsh realism has led to Look Back in Anger being considered one of the first examples of kitchen sink drama in theatre."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act 3",
"text": "The play ends with a sentimental reconciliation between Jimmy and Alison."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act 1",
"text": "Alison's \"station in life\". Alison's \"station in life\". As Act 1 progresses, Jimmy becomes more and more vituperative, transferring his contempt for Alison's family onto her personally, calling her \"pusillanimous\" and generally belittling her to Cliff. (Some actors play this scene as though Jimmy thinks everything is just a joke, while others play it as though he really is excoriating her.) The tirade ends with physical horseplay, resulting in the ironing board overturning and Alison's arm getting burned."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play was received favorably in the theatre community becoming an enormous commercial success, transferring to the West End and Broadway, and even touring to Moscow."
}
] |
Look Back in Anger is a play with a nihilistic 'realist' message that essentially highlights the futility of life and marriage to the very end.
| 0 | 0 |
Look Back in Anger
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Fury meets with Parker and gives him Stark's glasses, which were meant for his successor."
}
] |
GRUe8xKquKL7GPB8hGFn
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Happy Hogan informs Parker that Fury intends to contact him, but Parker ignores Fury's phone call."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Fury meets with Parker and gives him Stark's glasses, which were meant for his successor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Spider-Man: Far From Home, Parker is recruited by Nick Fury and Mysterio to face the Elementals while he is on a school trip to Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequel",
"text": "In July 2019, Feige stated that the third film would feature \"a Peter Parker story that has never been done before on film\" due to Far From Home's mid-credits scene."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Pre-production",
"text": "It also introduces two new costumes: a black \"stealth\" costume given to Parker by Nick Fury, and a new, upgraded Spider-Man suit that Parker designs for himself at the end of the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Post-production",
"text": "In April 2019, Sony moved the film's release date up to July 2, 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Parker and his classmates travel to Venice, Italy, where the Water Elemental attacks."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "He is recruited by Nick Fury to help Spider-Man stop the Elementals."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Though Beck assumes he has been killed, a grievously wounded Parker regains consciousness and contacts Hogan, who flies him to London, where his classmates are."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Watts describes Fury's relationship with Parker as \"the mean new stepdad\", contrasting his role with Tony Stark's \"supportive cool uncle\" in Homecoming, saying, \"Fury sees Peter Parker as an asset that he needs who is too preoccupied with a bunch of high school problems."
}
] |
In the 2019 Spider-Man: Far From, Peter Parker is contacted by Nick fury but he ignores him until he meets up with him in Venice.
| 0 | 4 |
Spider-Man: Far From Home
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Bertrand \"Jocko\" Conlan (December 6, 1899 – April 16, 1989) was an American baseball umpire who worked in the National League (NL) from 1941 to 1965."
}
] |
GRq5hSsrOvI1zkO7cW3l
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He had a brief career as an outfielder with the Chicago White Sox before entering umpiring."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Bertrand \"Jocko\" Conlan (December 6, 1899 – April 16, 1989) was an American baseball umpire who worked in the National League (NL) from 1941 to 1965."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "He spent a season with the Toledo Mud Hens of the American Association and then returned to the International League with the Montreal Royals in 1931 and 1932.Conlan began his major league career in 1934 as a center fielder for the Chicago White Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Umpiring career",
"text": "Conlan umpired in the National League from 1941 to 1965, officiating in five World Series (1945, 1950, 1954, 1957 and 1961) and six All-Star Games (1943, 1947, 1950, 1953, 1958 and the first 1962 contest)."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "\"Conlan was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame by the Committee on Baseball Veterans in 1974."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Beginning his professional baseball career in 1920, Conlan spent 13 years as a minor league player."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1974 by the Veterans Committee."
},
{
"section_header": "Umpiring career",
"text": "He retired after the 1964 season, but returned to work as a substitute umpire for 17 games in 1965.Conlan was known for several trademarks: Instead of a regular dress tie like most umpires of the day wore, Conlan wore a natty bow tie for his career."
},
{
"section_header": "Umpiring career",
"text": "He scored a run before telling anyone that he had been hurt."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "He was the fourth umpire chosen, and the first NL umpire since Bill Klem in 1953.He was never issued an umpire number, having officiated before this occurred."
}
] |
Jocko Conlan was an American baseball umpire who worked in Major League Baseball from 1941 to 1965 was as an outfielder with the Chicago White Sox before entering umpiring.
| 0 | 0 |
Jocko Conlan
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "To avoid being typecast as her Annie Hall persona, Keaton became an accomplished dramatic performer, starring in Looking for Mr. Goodbar (1977) and Interiors (1978), and received three more Academy Award nominations for playing feminist activist Louise Bryant in Reds (1981), a woman with leukemia in Marvin's Room (1996), and a dramatist in Something's Gotta Give (2003)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1990s",
"text": "Of her role choices and avoidance of becoming typecast, she said: \"Most often a particular role does you some good and Bang!"
}
] |
GRrs9VNPkqqiK06v2we2
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 1990s",
"text": "Todd McCarthy of Variety commended her performance, writing that she \"nicely handles her sometimes buffoonish central comedic role\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s",
"text": "The Little Drummer Girl was both a financial and critical failure, with critics claiming that Keaton was miscast for the genre, such as one review from The New Republic claiming that \"the title role, the pivotal role, is played by Diane Keaton, and around her the picture collapses in tatters."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s",
"text": "Beatty cast Keaton after seeing her in Annie Hall, as he wanted to bring her natural nervousness and insecure attitude to the role."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s",
"text": "In 1977 Keaton won the Academy Award for Best Actress in Allen's romantic comedy Annie Hall, one of her most famous roles."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s",
"text": "Keaton is smashing: the Tiger Lady's having all this drive is played for farce and Keaton keeps you alert to every shade of pride and panic the character feels."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s",
"text": "Keaton's breakthrough role came two years later when she was cast as Kay Adams, the girlfriend and eventual wife of Michael Corleone (played by Al Pacino) in Francis Ford Coppola's 1972 film The Godfather."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1990s",
"text": "She shifted to more mature roles, frequently playing matriarchs of middle-class families."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1990s",
"text": "Meryl Streep played her estranged sister, Lee, and had also initially been considered for the role of Bessie."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s",
"text": "Coppola noted that he first noticed Keaton in Lovers and Other Strangers, and cast her because of her reputation for eccentricity that he wanted her to bring to the role (Keaton claims that at the time she was commonly referred to as \"the kooky actress\" of the film industry)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s",
"text": "Her performance in the film was loosely based on her real life experience of making the film, both of which she has described as being \"the woman in a world of men."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "To avoid being typecast as her Annie Hall persona, Keaton became an accomplished dramatic performer, starring in Looking for Mr. Goodbar (1977) and Interiors (1978), and received three more Academy Award nominations for playing feminist activist Louise Bryant in Reds (1981), a woman with leukemia in Marvin's Room (1996), and a dramatist in Something's Gotta Give (2003)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1990s",
"text": "Of her role choices and avoidance of becoming typecast, she said: \"Most often a particular role does you some good and Bang!"
}
] |
Keaton has played a variety of roles in order to keep her from being type cast based on a single role.
| 0 | 0 |
Diane Keaton
|
Popular Culture
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After many years of ill health, Taylor died from congestive heart failure in 2011, at the age of 79."
}
] |
GS95UHbJSHB9rCDLriVu
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Health problems and death",
"text": "She was born with scoliosis and broke her back while filming National Velvet in 1944."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Critical acclaim (1956–1960)",
"text": "To further complicate the production, Dean died in a car accident only days after completing filming; grieving Taylor still had to film reaction shots to their joint scenes."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In early 1939, the Taylors decided to return to the United States due to fear of impending war in Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Health problems and death",
"text": "She used a wheelchair due to her back problems, and was diagnosed with congestive heart failure in 2004."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages, relationships, and children",
"text": "In the weeks after their wedding, Taylor realized that she had made a mistake; not only did she and Hilton have few interests in common, but he was also abusive and a heavy drinker."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Early roles and teenage stardom (1941–1949)",
"text": "As she was deemed too short, filming was pushed back several months to allow her to grow; she spent the time practicing riding."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Elizabeth Rosemond Taylor was born on February 27, 1932, at Heathwood, her family's home on 8 Wildwood Road in Hampstead Garden Suburb, London."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Cleopatra and other films with Richard Burton (1961–1967)",
"text": "Taylor's third film released in 1967, John Huston's Reflections in a Golden Eye, was her first without Burton since Cleopatra."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Stage and television roles; retirement (1980–2007)",
"text": "Zev Buffman founded the Elizabeth Taylor Repertory Company."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages, relationships, and children",
"text": "They were married at the Neverland Ranch of her long-time friend Michael Jackson on October 6, 1991."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After many years of ill health, Taylor died from congestive heart failure in 2011, at the age of 79."
}
] |
Elizabeth Taylor died of complications due to her long battle with scoliosis and a broken back she sustained early in her career without realizing it..
| 2 | 7 |
Elizabeth Taylor
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "James Earl Carter Jr. was born on October 1, 1924, at the Wise Sanitarium (now the Lillian G. Carter Nursing Center) in Plains, Georgia, a hospital where his mother was employed as a registered nurse."
}
] |
GT5h8APjCds9JSWoZNCB
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1977–1981) | Domestic policy | Healthcare",
"text": "Carter's proposals on healthcare while in office included an April 1977 mandatory health care cost proposal, and a June 1979 proposal that provided private health insurance coverage."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1977–1981) | Domestic policy | Healthcare",
"text": "Carter would later cite Kennedy's disagreements as having thwarted Carter's efforts to provide a comprehensive health-care system for the country."
},
{
"section_header": "Health and longevity | Health issues",
"text": "On August 3, 2015, Carter underwent elective surgery to remove \"a small mass\" on his liver, and his prognosis for a full recovery was initially said to be \"excellent\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Health and longevity | Health issues",
"text": "On August 12, however, Carter announced he had been diagnosed with cancer that had metastasized, without specifying where the cancer had originated."
},
{
"section_header": "Health and longevity | Health issues",
"text": "On August 20, he disclosed that melanoma had been found in his brain and liver, and that he had begun treatment with the immunotherapy drug pembrolizumab and was about to start radiation therapy."
},
{
"section_header": "Health and longevity | Health issues",
"text": "His healthcare is being managed by Emory Healthcare of Atlanta."
},
{
"section_header": "Health and longevity | Health issues",
"text": "The former president has an extensive family history of cancer, including both of his parents and all three of his siblings."
},
{
"section_header": "Health and longevity | Health issues",
"text": "On December 6, 2015, Carter issued a statement that his medical scans no longer showed any cancer."
},
{
"section_header": "Health and longevity | Health issues",
"text": "On May 13, 2019, Carter broke his hip at his Plains home and underwent surgery the same day at the Phoebe Sumter Medical Center in Americus, Georgia."
},
{
"section_header": "Health and longevity | Health issues",
"text": "On October 6, 2019, Carter obtained 14 stitches above his left eyebrow after injuring it during another fall at home."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "James Earl Carter Jr. was born on October 1, 1924, at the Wise Sanitarium (now the Lillian G. Carter Nursing Center) in Plains, Georgia, a hospital where his mother was employed as a registered nurse."
}
] |
Carter's mom was a health worker.
| 0 | 0 |
Jimmy Carter
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Carlton Ernest Fisk (born December 26, 1947), nicknamed \"Pudge\" and \"The Commander\", is an American former professional baseball player."
}
] |
GTGZAVgbOC1lvm4rcbal
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Fisk was born in Bellows Falls, Vermont, but according to Fisk, that was only because Vermont had the nearest hospital to his hometown, Charlestown, New Hampshire."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1965, he played for the Legion Post 37 team in Bellows Falls that had won the 1964 Vermont State Championship."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Carlton Ernest Fisk (born December 26, 1947), nicknamed \"Pudge\" and \"The Commander\", is an American former professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He grew up in Charlestown, across the Connecticut River from Bellows Falls."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played in Major League Baseball as a catcher from 1969 to 1993 for the Boston Red Sox (1969, 1971–1980) and Chicago White Sox (1981–1993)."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Chicago White Sox (1981–1993)",
"text": "On August 4, 1985 Fisk caught all nine innings of Tom Seaver's complete game 300th career victory, which was played in Yankee Stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Fisk attended Charlestown High School, where he played baseball (under Coach Ralph Silva), soccer, and basketball."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | The Fisk Foul Pole",
"text": "On June 13, 2005, the Red Sox honored Carlton Fisk and the 12th-inning home run that won Game 6 of the 1975 World Series by naming the left field foul pole, which the famous home run contacted, the Fisk Foul Pole."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Notable feuds",
"text": "In the sixth inning of this game, Piniella barreled into Fisk trying to score on an Otto Vélez single."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Boston Red Sox (1969, 1971–1980) | 1975 ALCS and World Series",
"text": "In Game 3 of the World Series at Riverfront Stadium, Fisk led off the second inning with a solo home run off Cincinnati starter Gary Nolan."
}
] |
Carlton Fisk was a professional soccer player who played for Chelsea in 1969 to 1993 and was born in Bellows Falls, Vermont.
| 1 | 5 |
Carlton Fisk
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was nominated for four Tony awards including Best Play, Best Director, and two Best Featured Actor nominations for Robert Prosky and Joe Mantegna, who won the production's one Tony."
}
] |
GTSVbIPY2gnXsksoozf8
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Glengarry Glen Ross is a play by David Mamet that won the Pulitzer Prize in 1984."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "The production also won the Tony Award for Best Revival of a Play."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was nominated for four Tony awards including Best Play, Best Director, and two Best Featured Actor nominations for Robert Prosky and Joe Mantegna, who won the production's one Tony."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "The revival received numerous Tony Award nominations, including Best Featured Actor nominations for Schreiber, Clapp and Alda, with Schreiber taking home the prize."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "Tony Haygarth – Tony Haygarth – James Lingk John Tams – BaylenGlengarry Glen Ross had its U.S. premiere on 6 February 1984, at the Goodman Theatre of the Arts Institute of Chicago before moving to Broadway on 25 March 1984 at the John Golden Theatre and running for 378 shows."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "Glengarry Glen Ross has also been produced as a radio play for BBC Radio 3, featuring Héctor Elizondo, Stacy Keach, Bruce Davison, and Alfred Molina as Roma, first airing 20 March 2005."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "The world premiere of Glengarry Glen Ross was at the Cottesloe Theatre of the Royal National Theatre in London on 21 September 1983, directed by Bill Bryden."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Glengarry Highlands is the prime real estate everyone is attempting to sell now; Glen Ross Farms is mentioned by several characters as having been very lucrative for those selling it several years ago."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play opened on Broadway on 25 March 1984, at the John Golden Theatre, and closed on 17 February 1985 after 378 performances."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "As a result, Mamet removed the language from a 2004 San Francisco revival."
}
] |
Glengarry Glen Ross is a play by David Mamet that won the Pulitzer Prize in 1984, and was nominated for five Tony awards.
| 0 | 0 |
Glengarry Glen Ross
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Early years",
"text": "The Taiping Rebellion began in the southern province of Guangxi when local officials launched a campaign of religious persecution against the God Worshipping Society."
}
] |
GTpn6rtAbphFiBMajrCU
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Early years",
"text": "The Taipings began marching north in September 1851 to escape Qing forces closing in on them."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early years",
"text": "The Taiping Rebellion began in the southern province of Guangxi when local officials launched a campaign of religious persecution against the God Worshipping Society."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Concurrent rebellions",
"text": "After the failure of the Red Turban Rebellion (1854–1856) to capture Guangzhou, their soldiers retreated north into Jiangxi and combined forces with Shi Dakai."
},
{
"section_header": "Total war",
"text": "Since the rebellion began in Guangxi, Qing forces allowed no rebels speaking its dialect to surrender."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Concurrent rebellions",
"text": "According to modern researchers, the Dungan rebellion began in 1862 not as a planned uprising but as a coalescence of many local brawls and riots triggered by trivial causes, among these were false rumours that the Hui Muslims were aiding the Taiping rebels."
},
{
"section_header": "Military | Qing forces",
"text": "Zuo Zongtang from Hunan province was another important Qing general who contributed in suppressing the Taiping Rebellion."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early years",
"text": "The Taiping army pressed north into Hunan following the Xiang River, besieging Changsha, occupying Yuezhou, and then capturing Wuchang in December 1852 after reaching the Yangtze River."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Middle years",
"text": "The Xiang Army captured Jiujiang in May 1858 and then the rest of Jiangxi province by September."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Concurrent rebellions",
"text": "The Nian Rebellion (1853–68), and several Chinese Muslim rebellions in the southwest (Panthay Rebellion, 1855–73) and the northwest (Dungan revolt, 1862–77) continued to pose considerable problems for the Qing dynasty."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Concurrent rebellions",
"text": "However, the Hui Ma Xiaoshi claimed that the Shaanxi Muslim rebellion was connected to the Taiping."
}
] |
The Taiping Rebellion began in a North province.
| 0 | 0 |
Taiping Rebellion
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Satanic Verses is Salman Rushdie's fourth novel, first published in 1988 and inspired in part by the life of Muhammad."
}
] |
GV5RBoPgBtmmdad7mnfw
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Satanic Verses is Salman Rushdie's fourth novel, first published in 1988 and inspired in part by the life of Muhammad."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The outrage among Muslims resulted in a fatwā calling for Rushdie's death issued by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, then Supreme Leader of Iran, on 14 February 1989."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Dream sequences",
"text": "This figure is a transparent allusion to the life of Ruhollah Khomeini in his Parisian exile, but it is also linked through various recurrent narrative motifs to the figure of the \"Messenger\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy | Fatwa",
"text": "In mid-February 1989, following a violent riot against the book in Pakistan, the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, then Supreme Leader of Iran and a Shi'a Muslim scholar, issued a fatwa calling for the death of Rushdie and his publishers, and called for Muslims to point him out to those who can kill him if they cannot themselves."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Dream sequences",
"text": "It is a transformed re-narration of the life of Muhammad (called \"Mahound\" or \"the Messenger\" in the novel) in Mecca (\"Jahiliyyah\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The part of the story that deals with the \"satanic verses\" was based on accounts from the historians al-Waqidi and al-Tabari."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary criticism and analysis",
"text": "Yet knowing they cannot live a life of anonymity, they mediate between them both."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In another moment of crisis, Farishta realises what Chamcha has done, but forgives him and even saves his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary criticism and analysis",
"text": "and (in some sense) for whom he wrote.\" He said the manifestations of the controversy in Britain \"embodied an anger arising in part from the frustrations of the migrant experience and generally reflected failures of multicultural integration, both significant Rushdie themes."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary criticism and analysis",
"text": "\" He has also said \"It's a novel which happened to contain a castigation of Western materialism."
}
] |
This novel was inspired in part by the life of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.
| 1 | 5 |
The Satanic Verses
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | International success and band turmoil (1990–1993) | \"The Spaghetti Incident?\"",
"text": "Their fifth studio album, \"The Spaghetti Incident?\", a collection of punk and glam rock covers, was released on November 23, 1993."
}
] |
GV7BLltcAW1wEZ6zO7o9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | International success and band turmoil (1990–1993) | \"The Spaghetti Incident?\"",
"text": "Adler stored his drugs in a refrigerator next to the band's takeout containers, which contained Italian food."
},
{
"section_header": "History | International success and band turmoil (1990–1993) | \"The Spaghetti Incident?\"",
"text": "Their fifth studio album, \"The Spaghetti Incident?\", a collection of punk and glam rock covers, was released on November 23, 1993."
},
{
"section_header": "History | International success and band turmoil (1990–1993) | \"The Spaghetti Incident?\"",
"text": "In his lawsuit against the band, Adler's lawyer asked the band to \"tell us about the spaghetti incident,\" which the band found amusing and used as the title of the album."
},
{
"section_header": "History | International success and band turmoil (1990–1993) | \"The Spaghetti Incident?\"",
"text": "Many of the tracks were recorded during the same sessions as the Illusions albums, which were originally intended to produce 3 or 4 albums."
},
{
"section_header": "History | International success and band turmoil (1990–1993) | \"The Spaghetti Incident?\"",
"text": "Rose said: \"The reason we didn't list that song on our album is we wanted to downplay it."
},
{
"section_header": "History | International success and band turmoil (1990–1993) | \"The Spaghetti Incident?\"",
"text": "\" The band considered removing the song from new pressings of the album."
},
{
"section_header": "History | International success and band turmoil (1990–1993) | \"The Spaghetti Incident?\"",
"text": "McKagan explained that Adler's code word for his stash was 'spaghetti'."
},
{
"section_header": "History | International success and band turmoil (1990–1993) | \"The Spaghetti Incident?\"",
"text": "Sorry, I'm not that guy. I'm nothing like him.\" Years later, Rose said the song would be removed from new pressings of the album, claiming that critics and the media had misinterpreted his interest in Manson; however, it is still featured on pressings of the album."
},
{
"section_header": "History | International success and band turmoil (1990–1993) | \"The Spaghetti Incident?\"",
"text": "The title references an incident Steven Adler had in 1989; while the band was temporarily staying at an apartment in Chicago."
},
{
"section_header": "History | International success and band turmoil (1990–1993) | \"The Spaghetti Incident?\"",
"text": "Rose stated he would donate all performance royalties from the song to a nonprofit environmental organization."
}
] |
The Spaghetti Incident album contained all original songs.
| 2 | 4 |
Guns N' Roses
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His extant works, including collaborations, consist of some 39 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and a few other verses, some of uncertain authorship."
}
] |
GVYZlVElxbj5SHKiZ7ZN
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is often called England's national poet and the \"Bard of Avon\" (or simply \"the Bard\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Plays | Performances",
"text": "Most of Shakespeare's greatest post-1599 plays were written for the Globe, including Hamlet, Othello, and King Lear."
},
{
"section_header": "Plays | Performances",
"text": "Although the performance records are patchy, the King's Men performed seven of Shakespeare's plays at court between 1 November 1604, and 31 October 1605, including two performances of The Merchant of Venice."
},
{
"section_header": "Plays | Performances",
"text": "After the plagues of 1592–93, Shakespeare's plays were performed by his own company at The Theatre and the Curtain in Shoreditch, north of the Thames."
},
{
"section_header": "Poems | Sonnets",
"text": "It is not known whether this was written by Shakespeare himself or by the publisher, Thomas Thorpe, whose initials appear at the foot of the dedication page; nor is it known who Mr. W.H. was, despite numerous theories, or whether Shakespeare even authorised the publication."
},
{
"section_header": "Plays | Performances",
"text": "Burbage played the leading role in the first performances of many of Shakespeare's plays, including Richard III, Hamlet, Othello, and King Lear."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | London and theatrical career",
"text": "It is not known definitively when Shakespeare began writing, but contemporary allusions and records of performances show that several of his plays were on the London stage by 1592."
},
{
"section_header": "Plays | Performances",
"text": "After 1608, they performed at the indoor Blackfriars Theatre during the winter and the Globe during the summer."
},
{
"section_header": "Style",
"text": "Shakespeare's first plays were written in the conventional style of the day."
},
{
"section_header": "Plays",
"text": "That Ends Well and a number of his best known tragedies."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His extant works, including collaborations, consist of some 39 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and a few other verses, some of uncertain authorship."
}
] |
The Bard was known for his nearly 40 plays he had written and had performed.
| 0 | 0 |
William Shakespeare
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Platoon organization varies depending on the country and the branch, but are generally around 50 strong, although specific platoons may range from 9 to 100 men."
}
] |
GVeo1ilm4rsdw7Cad1v3
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Modern organization | Georgia",
"text": "Almost all smaller formations are based on the designations of those reforms, which originally suggested tactical flexibility by keeping the size of small units in round numbers (10, 20, 100)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Platoon organization varies depending on the country and the branch, but are generally around 50 strong, although specific platoons may range from 9 to 100 men."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology | Use as a firing unit",
"text": "The platoon was originally a firing unit rather than an organization."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern organization | United States | Historical background",
"text": "Indeed, the sections, as well as the platoons, were primarily administrative sub-units of the company, since tactically the company seldom employed in other than as a massed formation."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern organization | Georgia",
"text": "Originally, it was meant to be a small detachment of exactly 20 men to be led by a leader of corresponding rank."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The suffix \"-on\" can be an augmentative in French, but on the other hand is generally a diminutive in relation to animals, so the original intention in forming peloton from pelote is not immediately obvious."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "Pelote itself originally comes from the low Latin \"pilotta\" from Latin \"pila\", meaning \"ball\", and the French suffix \"-on\" derives from the Latin suffix \"-onus\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern organization | United States | Historical background",
"text": "The squads were primarily a non-tactical sub-unit used mainly for drill (marching practice, formations, ceremonies, etc.) and \"house-keeping\" matters, such as interior guard duty, billeting, messing, fatigue details (i.e., working parties), etc."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern organization | United States | Historical background",
"text": "An additional senior sergeant serving as the \"platoon sergeant\" (originally designated as \"assistant to platoon commander\" from 1917 until 1940, and as \"platoon leader\" until 1943, when officer platoon commanders were re-designated as \"platoon leaders\") was not authorized until 1943."
}
] |
A platoon's formation is determined by the country of origin.
| 1 | 2 |
Platoon
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The narrator (the Beggar), notes that although in a properly moral ending Macheath and the other villains would be hanged, the audience demands a happy ending, and so Macheath is reprieved, and all are invited to a dance of celebration, to celebrate his wedding to Polly."
}
] |
GVhpVG3revTvWGqePvdt
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The lives of the convicts partly mirror their characters in The Beggars' Opera, and modern popular songs are performed throughout the piece."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "1981), an adaptation of both John Gay's The Beggar's Opera and Bertolt Brecht's The Threepenny Opera; most of his characters as well as some of the arias are from the two earlier plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After appearing in several comedies, and then in numerous repetitions of The Beggars Opera, she ran away with her married lover, Charles Powlett, 3rd Duke of Bolton."
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction",
"text": "The Beggar's Opera was met with widely varying reactions."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Beggar's Opera is a ballad opera in three acts written in 1728 by John Gay with music arranged by Johann Christoph Pepusch."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin and analysis",
"text": "The Beggar's Opera has had an influence on all later British stage comedies, especially on nineteenth century British comic opera and the modern musical."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Elisabeth Hauptmann (with Bertolt Brecht) and Kurt Weill adapted the opera into Die Dreigroschenoper (The Threepenny Opera) in 1928, sticking closely to the original plot and characters but with a new libretto and mostly new music."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The audience could hum along with the music and identify with the characters."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin and analysis",
"text": "The success of the opera was accompanied by a public desire for keepsakes and mementos, ranging from images of Polly on fans and clothing, playing cards and fire-screens, broadsides featuring all the characters, and the rapidly published musical score of the opera."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "This production was directed by Jonathan Miller and starred Roger Daltrey in the role of Macheath, Stratford Johns as Peachum, Gary Tibbs as Filch, and Bob Hoskins as the Beggar."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The narrator (the Beggar), notes that although in a properly moral ending Macheath and the other villains would be hanged, the audience demands a happy ending, and so Macheath is reprieved, and all are invited to a dance of celebration, to celebrate his wedding to Polly."
}
] |
The Beggar's Opera has a character who is the Beggar.
| 0 | 0 |
The Beggar's Opera
|
Music
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Death and honours",
"text": "Coward died at his home, Firefly Estate, in Jamaica on 26 March 1973 of heart failure and was buried three days later on the brow of Firefly Hill, overlooking the north coast of the island."
}
] |
GWXeSxXi0yeTe2ZUdbrS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Death and honours",
"text": "There are also sculptures of Coward displayed in New York and Jamaica, and a bust of him in the library in Teddington, near where he was born."
},
{
"section_header": "Works and appearances | Musicals and revues",
"text": "Sail Away (1961) with a setting on a modern cruise ship ran for 167 performances in New York and then 252 in London."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Death and honours",
"text": "Coward died at his home, Firefly Estate, in Jamaica on 26 March 1973 of heart failure and was buried three days later on the brow of Firefly Hill, overlooking the north coast of the island."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Post-war career",
"text": "Sail Away (1961), set on a luxury cruise liner, was Coward's most successful post-war musical, with productions in America, Britain and Australia."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Personal life",
"text": "He first settled in Bermuda but later bought houses in Jamaica and Switzerland (in the village of Les Avants, near Montreux), which remained his homes for the rest of his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Personal life",
"text": "His expatriate neighbours and friends included Joan Sutherland, David Niven, Richard Burton and Elizabeth Taylor, and Julie Andrews and Blake Edwards in Switzerland and Ian Fleming and his wife Ann in Jamaica."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reputation and legacy",
"text": "Coward has frequently been depicted as a character in plays, films, television and radio shows, for example, in the 1968 Julie Andrews film Star! (in which Coward was portrayed by his godson, Daniel Massey), the BBC sitcom Goodnight Sweetheart and a BBC Radio 4 series written by Marcy Kahan in which Coward was dramatised as a detective in Design For Murder (2000), A Bullet at Balmain's (2003) and Death at the Desert Inn (2005), and as a spy in Blithe Spy (2002) and Our Man In Jamaica (2007), with Malcolm Sinclair playing Coward in each."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reputation and legacy",
"text": "A symposium published in 1999 to mark the centenary of Coward's birth listed some of his major productions scheduled for the year in Britain and North America, including Ace of Clubs, After the Ball, Blithe Spirit, Cavalcade, Easy Virtue, Hay Fever, Present Laughter, Private Lives, Sail Away, A Song at Twilight,"
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reputation and legacy",
"text": "Anyone who cannot see that should keep well away from the theatre.\" Tynan wrote in 1964, \"Even the youngest of us will know, in fifty years' time, exactly what we mean by 'a very Noel Coward sort of person'.\" In praise of Coward's versatility, Lord Mountbatten said, in a tribute on Coward's seventieth birthday, \"There are probably greater painters than Noël, greater novelists than Noël, greater librettists, greater composers of music, greater singers, greater dancers, greater comedians, greater tragedians, greater stage producers, greater film directors, greater cabaret artists, greater TV stars."
},
{
"section_header": "Works and appearances | Musicals and revues",
"text": "Towards the end of his life Coward was consulted about, but did not compile, two 1972 revues that were anthologies of his songs from the 1920s to the 1960s, Cowardy Custard in London (the title was chosen by Coward) and Oh, Coward!"
}
] |
Coward passed away in Jamaica.
| 1 | 1 |
Noël Coward
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "With the Cubs, he created the famous Tinker-to-Evers-to-Chance infield combination, by converting Frank Chance from catcher to first base, Joe Tinker from third base to shortstop, and Johnny Evers from shortstop to second base."
}
] |
GX2VYYrycbjgIUAaYMeq
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Noted for having a keen ability to assess talent, Selee managed the Boston Beaneaters (1890–1901) and the Chicago Cubs (1902–1905)."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural references",
"text": "Selee appeared as a character in the 1991 episode \"Batter Up\" of the animated Back to the Future series, which involved Marty McFly and the Brown children traveling back to 1897 to help one of Marty's ancestors, a player for the Beaneaters, to improve his game."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After he left Boston, he went on to manage in Chicago where he built the basis for the Cubs' later success by signing and utilizing the talents of Frank Chance, Joe Tinker, and Johnny Evers."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "The last Cubs' title under Chance in 1910, eight of top thirteen players from the 1905 team were still major contributors."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "With the Cubs, he created the famous Tinker-to-Evers-to-Chance infield combination, by converting Frank Chance from catcher to first base, Joe Tinker from third base to shortstop, and Johnny Evers from shortstop to second base."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In his sixteen-year Major League career, he managed the Boston Beaneaters for twelve seasons, and the Chicago Orphans/Cubs for four."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "On September 20th, he won his 1,000th career game, doing so in the second game of a doubleheader with the Chicago Orphans, winning 7–0."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "His team finished 87–51–2, while winning the National League pennant (by 3½ games over the Chicago Colts, their first pennant since 1883."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In total, he had 1,284 victories in 2,180 games as manager during his 16-year career, with a winning percentage of .598."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His success is measurable in that he won five NL titles with the Beaneaters, including three years in a row from 1891 to 1893."
}
] |
As manager, Selee shuffled three Chicago Cubs players around until he came up with a winning combination.
| 0 | 0 |
Frank Selee
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Beggar's Opera is a ballad opera in three acts written in 1728 by John Gay with music arranged by Johann Christoph Pepusch."
}
] |
GXKZH736Ni3mB53VZrOQ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Sequel",
"text": "Polly escapes dressed as a boy, and after many adventures marries the son of a Carib chief."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Beggar's Opera is a ballad opera in three acts written in 1728 by John Gay with music arranged by Johann Christoph Pepusch."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequel",
"text": "In 1729, Gay wrote a sequel, Polly, set in the West Indies: Macheath, sentenced to transportation, has escaped and become a pirate, while Mrs Trapes has set up in white-slaving and shanghais Polly to sell her to the wealthy planter Mr Ducat."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequel",
"text": "The political satire, however, was even more pointed in Polly than in The Beggar's Opera, with the result that Prime Minister Robert Walpole leaned on the Lord Chamberlain to have it banned, and it was not performed until fifty years later."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "1981), an adaptation of both John Gay's The Beggar's Opera and Bertolt Brecht's The Threepenny Opera; most of his characters as well as some of the arias are from the two earlier plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin and analysis",
"text": "For his original production in 1728, Gay intended all the songs to be sung without any accompaniment, adding to the shocking and gritty atmosphere of his conception."
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction",
"text": "insomuch that the Waggs say it has made Rich very Gay, and probably will make Gay very Rich.\" (3 February 1728) \"We hear that the British Opera, commonly called The Beggar's Opera, continues to be acted, at the Theatre in Lincoln's-Inn Fields with general Applause, to the great Mortification of the Performers and Admirers of the Outlandish Opera in the Haymarket.\" (17 February 1728)Two weeks after opening night, an article appeared in The Craftsman, the leading opposition newspaper, ostensibly protesting at Gay's work as libellous and ironically assisting him in satirising the Walpole establishment by taking the government's side: It will, I know, be said, by these libertine Stage-Players, that the Satire is general; and that it discovers a Consciousness of Guilt for any particular Man to apply it to Himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction",
"text": "The Beggar's Opera was met with widely varying reactions."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In 1978, the Brazilian singer-songwriter Chico Buarque wrote Ópera do Malandro (1978), an adaptation of both John Gay's The Beggar's Opera and Bertolt Brecht's The Threepenny Opera, with new songs and set in 1940s Rio de Janeiro,which was later adapted as a film by director Ruy Guerra."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Beggar's Opera premiered at the Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre on 29 January 1728 and ran for 62 consecutive performances, the second longest run in theatre history up to that time (after 146 performances of Robert Cambert's Pomone in Paris in 1671)."
}
] |
The 1728 opera by John Gay, The Beggar's Opera, has a sequel by the same author where Polly dresses as a boy.
| 1 | 2 |
The Beggar's Opera
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.