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What are some of the ethical considerations that marketing professionals face? How do these situations develop, and how should they be addressed? Be sure to include examples from your own experiences and your readings to provide support for your answer.
Consumer responsibility is a part of ethical responsibility of an organization. For example the national weight problem is causing a variety of severe health problems in both adults and children. Several actions of marketers are contributing to this problem. First, many fast foods restaurants now offer super-size portions. Restaurants have found that it's more profitable to make larger portions.
Now marketers have keen interest in spotting cultural shifts that is auguring new marketing opportunities for them. Here marketers have exploited the new generation's lack of time, as there is increase in Double income, no kids' family. Therefore the family is having more convenience of dining outside.
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0.999985 |
Dear Doctor: I recently read that marriage reduces the risk of mental decline in old age. I'm not sure I buy it. But, assuming it's true, why would that be?
Dear Reader: You're likely referring to a recent study in the journal Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry that combined data from 15 studies with a total of 812,047 people. In each of the studies, the authors looked at the marital status of participants over age 65 and the overall rate of dementia. Most of the studies were performed in Europe, with the largest -- 750,129 participants -- conducted in Sweden. The average age of all participants was 73 years.
The data did suggest a protective effect from marriage, with lifelong single people having a 42 percent higher risk of dementia than married people, and widowed people having a 20 percent higher risk. The researchers found no differences based on gender.
Interestingly enough, in the primary analysis, divorced individuals had the same rates of dementia as their married counterparts. But, notably, when researchers looked at data from the large Swedish study, they found twice the risk of dementia among divorced people who began the study between the ages 50 and 64 and 1.4 times the risk among divorced people ages 64 to 75.
There's no one good explanation why marriage would benefit brain function. It may be that marriage challenges a person. In the needed conversation between the partners in marriage, there are differences of opinion, a necessity for mental flexibility, and a level of stress that requires people to go outside of their comfort zones and challenge their brains. It also may be that married life leads to social interactions with other couples or with in-laws, which lead to greater human interaction -- even if all of them aren't pleasant.
Obviously, marriage tends to provide greater social support. To know that somebody cares about you can reduce depression and anxiety, which also may lead to a greater desire to take care of yourself both physically and mentally. This self-care, in turn, may help ward off dementia. That could be why being widowed is associated with a greater risk of dementia, compared to being married.
Then there are the health aspects of marriage. Other studies have found that marriage is linked to increased longevity, which suggests that dementia risk may be reduced through a decreased rate of illnesses and habits that can increase the likelihood of dementia.
Ultimately, although marriage may provide a modest benefit in warding off dementia, I would look at this data with a grain of salt. Many people who have never been married, who have been divorced or who are widowed obviously lead long lives without any trace of dementia. Certainly, no one would recommend an unhappy marriage as a possible protective factor against dementia risk.
Further, the recently published data are from older individuals. The study's ultimate conclusion may be applicable to a different world than the one in which we currently live. In this day and age, society is more accepting of a single life; our current world may be stimulating and protective enough on its own.
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0.978742 |
"Robert Peary." History, Explorers, Q-files Encyclopedia, 12 Sep. 2013.
History, Explorers, s.v. "Robert Peary," accessed April 21, 2019.
American explorer Robert Peary (1856–1920), along with Matthew Henson (1866–1955) and others, made several Arctic expeditions from 1886 onwards. His early journeys gave him experience of Arctic conditions, but all attempts on the North Pole itself were beaten back by the weather, starvation and frostbite. Peary claimed that he and Henson finally made it to the Pole in April 1909, but his claims have never been wholly accepted.
Robert E. Peary (1856–1920) spent years with the Inuit learning about methods of survival in the harsh Arctic conditions. He used husky dogs to pull sledges on his expeditions, and wore traditional Inuit clothing.
In 1909 Robert Peary began his eighth Arctic expedition. He was 52 and he had already lost eight of his toes through frostbite, but he was determined to reach the North Pole. Nothing else in his life mattered so much. From his base on Cape Columbia in Canada, he set out with 19 dog sledges across the shifting ice of the Arctic Ocean. Though often held up by stretches of open water, called leads, he advanced at a brisk rate of 24 kilometres (15 miles) a day. Other members of the expedition had gone ahead to leave supplies of fuel and food before turning back.
Matthew Henson (1866–1955), the first African-American Arctic explorer. He may have been the first person to reach the North Pole.
Matthew Henson was the first African-American to explore the Arctic. It was Henson who planted the American flag on the spot believed to be the Pole.
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0.50109 |
Uniform numbers in American football are unusual compared to those in other sports. They are displayed in more locations on the uniform; they are universally worn on both the front and back of the jersey; and in many cases "TV numbers" are displayed on either the jersey sleeves, the shoulder pad, or occasionally on the helmets. The numbers on the front and back of the jersey also are very large, covering most of the jersey. More important, certain numbers may only be worn by players playing specific positions; thus, the jersey numbers assist the officials in determining possible rules infractions by players.
Under current rules in all three of the most prominent levels of American football (high school football, college football and professional football), all players must wear a number from 1 to 99, and no two players on the same team may wear the same number on the field at the same time. In the past, players have used the numbers 0, 00 and, in two special cases, 100. Those who wear numbers from 50 to 79 are, by rule, playing in specific positions which are prohibited from catching or touching forward passes if their team is in possession of the ball, unless explicitly indicated to the referee during a tackle-eligible play. Other than this, the correspondence between jersey numbers and player positions is largely a matter of style, tradition and semantics.
The National Football League numbering system dates from a large scale change of their rules in 1973, subsequently amended in various minor ways. As of 2015, players are generally required to wear numbers within ranges based on their positions as shown in the following table.
Long snappers, not listed in the league's numbering system, can wear any number from 40 to 99; as the long snapper is seldom listed as a distinct position, players who long-snap are often listed as backup centers or backup tight ends.
Exceptions to this system do exist, including during the National Football League preseason with associated larger team rosters. A notable exception is that wide receivers can wear single-digit numbers. The numbers used relate to the player's primary position - unless it conflicts with the eligible receiver rule, players whose primary position changes during a season, do not need to change their number.
Although the NFL does allow teams to retire jersey numbers, the league officially discourages the practice for fear of teams running out of numbers. As a result, a few teams do not retire jersey numbers.
Otherwise all players must be numbered 1–99; the NCAA makes no stipulation on defensive players. Two players may also share the same number though they may not play during the same down.
The lowest numbers are often considered the most prestigious, and they are frequently worn not just by specialists and quarterbacks but also by running backs, defensive backs, and linebackers. Kickers and punters are frequently numbered in the 40s or 90s, which are the least in-demand numbers on a college roster. The increased flexibility in numbering of NCAA rosters is needed since NCAA rules allow larger rosters than the NFL; thus teams would frequently exhaust the available numbers for a position under the NFL rules. It is not uncommon for NCAA teams to have duplicate numbers, with an offensive player having the same number as a defensive one—this is allowed as long as both players are not on the field at the same time. Usually, one of the players will be a reserve who rarely plays, but this is not always the case: for example, the 2005 Texas Longhorns team had two key players who both wore #4: wide receiver Limas Sweed and linebacker Drew Kelson. The 2007 USC Trojans team had two key players who both wore #10: quarterback John David Booty and linebacker Brian Cushing. The 2008 Missouri Tigers both had key players wearing #1: safety William Moore and running back Jimmy Jackson. In the same season, the Alabama Crimson Tide had four numbers shared by two players each. In the 2009 season, the Ohio State Buckeyes roster also had numerous duplicate numbers: quarterback Terrelle Pryor and cornerback Malcolm Jenkins both wore #2, and running back Daniel Herron and linebacker Marcus Freeman both wore #1, while USC had both running back C. J. Gable and safety Taylor Mays wearing #2. At Texas, both safety Earl Thomas and quarterback Colt McCoy both wore #12. In 2010 at the University of Illinois, both quarterback Nathan Scheelhaase and linebacker Martez Wilson wore #2. In 2012, Notre Dame starting linebacker and team captain Manti Te'o and starting quarterback Everett Golson both wore #5. Virginia Tech defensive end Ken Ekanem wore #4 from 2013 through 2016, sharing the number with running back JC Coleman in 2013-2015 and quarterback Jerod Evans in 2016. For the 2016 Michigan Wolverines both starting quarterback Wilton Speight and defensive tackle Rashan Gary wore #3.
Perhaps the most interesting use of duplicate numbers was at South Carolina. Both cornerback Stephon Gilmore and quarterback Stephen Garcia wore #5. However, Gilmore also played quarterback for the Gamecocks, usually in the wildcat formation. During the annual end of season derby in 2009, Head Coach Steve Spurrier effectively rotated Garcia and Gilmore at the quarterback position, confusing the Clemson defense (and many fans). Because Garcia and Gilmore were never on the field at the same time, it was perfectly legal.
Individual schools often have superstitions or traditions involving certain numbers. It may be a great honor to be given the number 1 uniform, for example, such as at the University of Michigan. The top-performing walk-on at Texas A&M University will often be issued number 12, in reference to their 12th Man tradition. Syracuse University historically reserved number 44 for its best running backs, including Jim Brown, Ernie Davis, and Floyd Little, finally retiring the number permanently in 2005. The number 12 is also prestigious at the University of Alabama. It is usually reserved for top quarterbacks, although it was worn by 1930s lineman Bear Bryant, who became a coaching legend at Alabama. Since Bryant's era, it has been worn by Kenny Stabler, Joe Namath, Brodie Croyle, and Greg McElroy. At Ole Miss, the #38 worn by defensive back Chucky Mullins, who suffered a paralyzing injury in a 1989 game that ultimately led to his death in 1991, was given each season as an award to a defensive player who was seen as epitomizing Mullins' spirit. The number was retired in Mullins' memory in 2006, but it was an unpopular move, and the number as award was restored in 2010 with both offensive and defensive players eligible to win the award now. Beginning in 2016, Virginia Tech head coach Justin Fuente began awarding the team's top special teams player with the number 25 on a weekly basis in honor of the recently retired Frank Beamer (the number Beamer wore in his playing days at Virginia Tech).
Another notable exception was during the 1963 season at West Virginia University; the college was able to successfully lobby the NCAA to allow a player, namely kicker Chuck Kinder, to wear the jersey Number 100 for the state's 100th anniversary. Kinder continued to wear this jersey until the 1966 season, when the new coaching staff asked him to stop wearing it due to all the questions they were receiving about the unusual number. Similarly, University of Kansas kicker, Bill Bell, and University of Louisville defensive back, Mike Detenber, each wore jersey number 100 in 1969 as part of the celebration of the 100th anniversary of college football.
In 2013, Michigan quarterback Devin Gardner was given jersey number 98 to wear as part of the Michigan Football Legends program. Before 2011, the number had been retired in honor of Tom Harmon, a Michigan legend and the father of actor Mark Harmon. Although it is unusual for a quarterback to wear a number higher than the 20s even at the collegiate level, Gardner, a redshirt junior at Michigan, wore the number for the remainder of his career at Michigan. He wore number 12 (a more standard number for a quarterback) before being honored.
On high school and other lower youth teams, jerseys with different number ranges are different sizes, and since many of these teams do not reorder jerseys every year, players are often assigned numbers based more on jerseys that fit them rather than specific position. Odessa Permian High School (of Friday Night Lights fame) plays in Texas, where NCAA rules are used; yet Permian's tradition is that quarterbacks will wear numbers in the 20s unlike most schools in college or high school.
Although previous editions of the National Federation of State High School Associations rule book indicated a recommended numbering system nearly identical to the NCAA's, later editions from approximately 2000 onward only indicate the bare minimum requirements: offensive linemen must be numbered from 50 to 79, while backs and ends must wear numbers either from 1 to 49 or 80 to 99.
^ Only centers are permitted to wear these numbers, but there have been exceptions. For instance, guard Brian Waters wore No. 54 for all but one season of his career. Since 2010's, however, offensive guards can also wear numbers in the 50's. Connor Williams wears no. 52 after being drafted as a guard by Dallas Cowboys in 2018.
^ Ty Montgomery [@TyMontgomery2] (March 11, 2017). "Me and Rod Bernstine have something in common.... and it's not #88 #keepingit" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
^ Rapoport, Ian (September 8, 2008). "What's the deal with duplicate numbers?". Birmingham News. Retrieved September 27, 2008.
^ "The Legend of #44". Syracuse University Athletics. Retrieved February 19, 2007.
^ Stallard, Mark (2004). Tales from the Jayhawk Gridiron. Sports Publishing. The anecdote featuring Bell's number 100, with a picture of Bell's number 100 jersey, can be found on pages 94–96.
^ Hinnen, Jerry (September 7, 2013). "Devin Gardner to wear No. 98 in honor of Tom Harmon". CBS Sports.
^ "Permian blasts Timon (NY)". September 16, 2006. Retrieved November 12, 2017.
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0.999999 |
Answer: The French revolutionaries took many steps to create a sense of collective identity among the French people. They took the recourse to romanticism. Romanticism was a cultural movement which sought to develop a particular form of nationalist sentiment. Romantic artists usually criticized the glorification of reason and science. They focused on emotions, intuition and mystical feelings. They tried to create a sense of collective heritage, a common cultural past, as the basis of a nation. They focused on promoting the local culture to connect to the masses. Language also played an important role in developing nationalist sentiments. French was promoted as the main language in France to create a sense of single nation. In Poland, the Polish language was used to show rebellion to the Russian dominance.
The French Revolution (French: Révolution française) was an influential period of social and political upheaval in France that lasted from 1789 until 1799, and was partially carried forward by Napoleon during the later expansion of the French Empire. The Revolution overthrew the monarchy, established a republic, experienced violent periods of political turmoil, and finally culminated in a dictatorship by Napoleon that rapidly brought many of its principles to Western Europe and beyond. Inspired by liberal and radical ideas, the Revolution profoundly altered the course of modern history, triggering the global decline of theocracies and absolute monarchies while replacing them with republics and democracies. Through the Revolutionary Wars, it unleashed a wave of global conflicts that extended from the Caribbean to the Middle East. Historians widely regard the Revolution as one of the most important events in human history.
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0.999979 |
What is accretion, and how does it relate to the formation of the Earth?
In space , what pulls the matter together is gravitational force.
So , how it is related to earth's formation is that when the Sun was born it had spawned a large amount of rocks and cosmic floatsam.
All these rocks and floatsam gradually started accumulating or accreting onto each other.
Slowly but steadily , they accumulated onto each other to such an extent that it reached a certain size.
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0.999886 |
More detail on this person: Charles Morris "Chuck" Haynes GREENVILLE - Funeral services for Charles Morris "Chuck" Haynes will be at 2 p.m. Saturday at Mortimer Funeral Home, Greenville. He died Aug. 26, 2008, in Kosciusko of complications from multiple sclerosis. Burial with military honors will be in Lakeview Cemetery, Greenville. Haynes was born and raised in Charleston, and joined the U.S. Army after graduating from high school. While serving as a helicopter pilot, Haynes completed his associate of arts degree from St. Martin's College in Olympia, Wash. While in the Army, Haynes served two tours in Vietnam and was on the logistical development team for the Apache helicopter. He retired from the Army at the rank of chief warrant officer 4. Upon his retirement, Haynes moved to Greenville, where he joined the Greenville Police Department, serving for three years before leaving to fly helicopters offshore for the oil companies. He returned to Greenville in 1984 and became a member of the Washington County Sheriff's Department. He was forced to retire from the Sheriff's Department in 1993 after being diagnosed with chronic MS. At the time of his retirement, Haynes was a captain in the Investigative Division and was serving as the department's first arson investigator. From the time he graduated from school, Haynes served his country, either in the military or law enforcement. After retiring, he continued to serve by supporting the Washington County Anti-Drug Community Partnership. When the partnership formed the Mid-Delta Law Enforcement Coalition, Haynes cooked the group's first meal. What started as a group of five has grown to 30 or 40 law enforcement members attending each meeting. While serving at Ft. Lewis, Wash., Haynes was an active member of the Masons. He loved his dogs, Ranger, Mug and Pee-poo, and he loved children. Haynes is survived by his wife, Audine Haynes of Greenville; one daughter, Pamela DeBueno of Tallahassee, Fla.; one son, William Haynes of Atlanta, Ga.; one stepdaughter, Theresa (Richard) Fournier of Bowling Green, Ky.; one stepson, Billy Bishop Jr. of Byron, Ga.; nine grandchildren; and three great-grandchildren. Pallbearers will be Lester Carter, Chad Cooper, Richard Fournier, Frank Cooper, Milton Gaston and Victor Smith. Visitation will be Saturday at noon at the funeral home. In lieu of flowers, donations may be made to the Washington County Anti-Drug Community Partnership or the Multiple Sclerosis Society of Mississippi.
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0.998359 |
how can I solve/debug this ?
I removed all other instances of my main library I found on my drive, now I only get 1 "succeeded"
puredata-core is already the newest version (0.47.1-3).
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 232 not upgraded.
anyway , hail to "LD_DEBUG=libs ..."
Run it from the same directory where your external binary is located.
Doing this prevents loading any libs or setting any paths from the preferences file. It also disables the standard paths making it more likely you will properly load your external binary instead of one located in a random place on your hard drive.
You can also debug with VSCode, which is something I recently just tried out for the first time. You'd need to install the VSCode extensions C/C++ and Native Debug, then you'd build pd-vanilla based on the instructions given on pd's website and the INSTALL.txt file, and using the debug build option.
Then open the pure-data folder in VSCode, either by navigating to that folder in a terminal and typing code . or by right-clicking the folder and selecting "Open With->VSCode"
Then lastly, and maybe there's a better way of doing this last part but the quick and easy way is just to inject your external into some part of pd's code, change the setup function so that it's static, and make sure the setup function gets called at some point, usually the setup calls are kept inside of one function at the very end of a .c file. Then it's just a matter of adding your breakpoints and re-building pd when changes are made.
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0.565306 |
In a suit filed recently in federal court in Chicago, a top Sherlock Holmes scholar alleged that many licensing fees paid to the Arthur Conan Doyle estate have been unnecessary, since the main characters and elements of their story derive from materials in the public domain. The suit was brought by Leslie S. Klinger, the editor of the 3,000-page "Annotated Sherlock Holmes" and other Sherlock Holmes-related books. It stems from his book "In the Company of Sherlock Holmes," a collection of new Sherlock Holmes stories by various authors, edited by Klinger and his co-editor Laurie King to be published by Pegasus Books.
The creator of Sherlock Holmes was Arthur Conan Doyle. He published most of his Sherlock Holmes stories from 1887 to 1927. One might think that Sherlock Holmes is now in the public domain and any writer could freely borrow his character for inclusion in their own story. However, some of Doyle's stories were published in periodicals as late as 1927, they may be within the protection of U.S. copyright laws. Works published before 1923 are most likely in the public domain, at least under U.S. law. For those stories published after January 1, 1923, they could remain protected until 2023.
According to the lawsuit all the Sherlock Holmes stories entered the public domain under the laws of the United Kingdom and Canada in 1980. However, with the passage of the U. S. Copyright Act of 1976 theauthor of a work that had passed into the public domain in the United States, or his heirs, were entitled to restore the work to copyright in the United States under certainconditions. In 1981, Dame Jean Conan Doyle, the last surviving child of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, applied for registration of the copyright to "The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes," a collection of stories. This workis comprised of 12 stories that were first published in various periodicals between 1921 and 1927, and thecollection was first published as a book in the United States in 1927.
The complaint asserts that the Doyle estate sent a letter to Pegasus Books threatening to prevent publication of "In the Company of Sherlock Holmes" unless it was paid a license fee. Kingler's prior publisher, Random House, had reluctantly paid $5,000 fee for an earlier Klinger collection he edited titled "A Study in Sherlock," even though Klinger believed he was not legally required to do so. The suit asks the court to make a declaratory judgment, establishing that the basic "Sherlock Holmes story elements" are in the public domain under U.S copyright law. Klinger claims that the stories in his new collection avoided drawing on copyrighted elements introduced in any of the Holmes stories published after January 1, 1923.
In a 2004 decision, a U.S District court judge Naomi Reice Buchwald determined that of Doyle's 60 Sherlock Holmes stories, nine might still be under copyright.Although the character of Sherlock Holmes is in the public domain, various storylines, dialogue and characters that first appeared in these nine stories could be protected under U.S. copyright law. A copyright for a derivative work based on a prior work does not create copyright protection retroactively for the underlying work but can protect new material that has been added.
Sherlock Holmes continues to be an enormously popular character, even though he is 125 years old. He was recently featured in two Warner Brother films, the BBC's "Sherlock," and the television series "Elementary." The most recent Warner Brothers film "Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows," starring Robert Downey Jr., had an international box office gross of $543 million from distribution in more than 50 countries.
The case raises the issue of which elements of the Sherlock Holmes stories are in the public domain, and which may remain under the protection of copyright law. Copyright can sometimes, but not always, protect characters and plot. Recognition of copyright protection for fictional characters goes back to Judge Learned Hand, who suggested that characters might be protected, independent from the plot of a story. He wrote "It follows that the less developed the characters, the less they can be copyrighted; that is the penalty an author must bear for making them too indistinct." So, while a writer cannot secure a monopoly on hard-boiled private eyes, one could protect a finely drawn character like Sam Spade.
While plots can be protected, stock scenes cannot. The doctrine of scènes à faire excludes from copyright protection scenes that flow from common unprotectable ideas. These would include "thematic concepts or scenes which necessarily follow certain similar plot situations" and ordinary literary incidents and settings which are customary for the genre. Thus, a writer cannot preclude others from using such common devices as a car chase or cattle drive in their stories.
The situation becomes even murkier when one considers that the Sherlock Holmes stories are subject to a confusing web of differing copyright laws across the globe. There is no such thing as an "international copyright" that will protect an author's work everywhere. Protection against unauthorized use in a particular country depends on the laws of that country. In other words, Copyright law is applied territorially by every country within its borders. Thus, the duration of copyright protection differs from country to country. Each country enforces its own laws, irrespective of the nationality of the author, or where the work was created or first published. The United States has joined several international copyright conventions to protect American works from infringement in foreign countries. These accords essentially provide for reciprocity of treatment for authors. For example, France agrees to protect the works of American authors in France. In return, the United States protects the work of French authors in the United States.
This means that the United States will protect a French author in the United States in the same manner and extent as the United States protects American authors. It does not mean that French authors will have the same rights in the United States that they have in France under French law. Thus, it is often said that copyright laws are territorial in their application. French law applies in France; American law applies in the United States. This application can produce unexpected results, because American copyright law and French copyright law are quite different. American law focuses on economic rights while French law protects author's creative rights. The issue of whether a work is in the public domain can vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, because each country applies its own laws. This poses a potential minefield for publishers of works with international appeal.
U.S. law recognizes the work-for-hire doctrine under which the "author" of a work can be the employer of an artist, not the artist himself. Few countries recognize this doctrine. On the other hand, some countries have doctrines that do not exist under U.S. law. France expressly recognizes the moral rights ("droit moral") of authors. U.S. copyright law only recognizes moral rights in the realm of fine art. Moral rights prevent others from changing the author's work (the right of integrity), or removing the author's name from the work (the right of paternity), even if the author has sold the work and the copyright to it.
Under French law, the rights of integrity and paternity are perpetual, inheritable, inalienable and imprescriptible. Thus, the heirs of an artist can object to the use of their ancestor's work, even if that work's copyright has expired.
In Huston v. Turner Entertainment, the late American director John Huston was determined by a French court to be the author of the American film "The Asphalt Jungle." Under American law, Huston's employer was the author or owner. When Turner Entertainment which had acquired the film, sought to distribute a colorized version of it in France, over French television Channel 5, Huston's heirs initiated an action in the French Courts under the French moral rights law, seeking an injunction and damages against Turner and Channel 5.
The French Supreme Court ruled that the transformation of the work from a black and white film to a colorized version was a breach of Huston's moral rights, even though these rights were not recognized in the United States. It did not matter that Huston was a U.S. citizen directing a movie for a U.S. company (MGM), which was shot on the MGM lot in Los Angeles. Moreover, the contract with Huston granted MGM all rights, and provided that American law would govern any dispute. France's highest court found for Huston's heirs on the grounds that French moral rights laws may not be violated in France regardless of the terms of a contract made elsewhere. The court held that it was against public policy to permit foreign law or foreign contracts to change the French system of moral rights within France. Ultimately, the French courts entered judgment against Turner Entertainment for 400,000 francs and against French Channel 5 for 200,000 francs, and prohibited distribution of the colorized film in France.
So, while Sherlock Holmes is a brilliant detective, even he may find it difficult to sort out the conflicting copyright laws of different nations.
Klinger v. Conan Doyle Estate, Ltd., 1:13- cv-01226, U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois (Chicago). Pannonia Farms, Inc., v USA Cable, 2004 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 23015; 72 U.S.P.Q.2D (BNA) 1090 Huston v. Turner Entertainment, French Court of Cassation, 1991, cited in article "International Copyright Litigation in U.S. Courts: Jurisdiction, Damages and Choice of Law" by Lionel S. Sobel; Emerging Issues in Intellectual Property Practice, CEB Program Handbook, p. 83, April 1994, California Continuing Education of the Bar.
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0.999999 |
TL;DR: When hiring, a company is asking for very personal information before they can even tell me the offered salary (even though I passed their interviews).
Recently, there has been a very unusual hiring occasion which I've never seen before. So there is this large IT company where I've been interviewed several times already during the previous years. Most of the time I was rejected and only a year ago for the first time I reached the actual offer. I politely refused it because the offered salary was ludicrously low.
Recently they reached out to me again, with several positions available. I went through the full circle of interviews again and ended up with one offer. But that wasn't the official offer yet, it was just that the team said they were OK with me.
I need to emphasise that during all the interviews at no point in time they said anything about the salary. In the end, they asked me to fill out an "applicant form" to do a background check on me, and make sure there are no "conflicts of interest", as they said. Most of the questions were OK, such as your full name, date & city of birth, your education, speciality, university name, diploma number (ID), last company, position, and why you left it.
However, there were also a couple of deeply unsettling questions: your registration address (according to your passport), your actual living address, they also ask whether I've ever been under trial or whether I've been prosecuted in court.
During another call with HR I said that I was confused and that given the nature of the questions in the form, I'd like to know the salary first. But the HR argued that their hiring protocol doesn't allow them to tell me that until I fill out the form. That's something new in their processes, it's never been like that before, even half a year ago.
Given the previous offer, and given the fact that this company is widely known to pay below the market average, I expect the offer to be unsatisfying again. Asking for the address sounds like an outrageous privacy violation, especially at this point, when I'm likely to turn them down once I know the salary. Or am I overreacting? What's the best course of actions in such a situation?
I feel the questions asked are rather reasonable and not necessarily strange, in any part of the world I would assume this is normal precaution that employers take.
Regardless, Your goal is to get a salary figure. Theirs is to get the information requested. That means you decide if everyone gets what they want or not. I feel like you're overreacting especially when the company in question is a Large company. If people had been negatively affected by this information I'm overly sure that you'd have heard about it if you look up the company.
If you pass these checks then they will talk about salary in which you can refuse, negotiate or accept.
These are common if companies work with sensitive data or have for instance government projects.
It is up to you to decide whether or not you want to give this information.
Of course, if you have had trouble with the law or courts you might fail, depending on the nature of your "trouble".
Your address is not "that much" of a privacy concern, unless you're in the public eye.
Should I follow up with salary negotiation email?
How to respond to a low salary offer?
Is it advisable to negotiate salary during job offer even after answering the salary expectation question?
Can I ask for more money after a second offer?
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0.929092 |
Endomychidae, commonly known as the Handsome Fungus Beetles, is a moderately speciose family of mycophagous beetles within the Cerylonid Series of the superfamily Cucujoidea (Crowson 1955), with 130 genera and 1782 species and subspecies (Shockley et al. 2009). Endomychidae as a family is distributed worldwide, occurring in all major biogeographical regions; however, the group is predominantly tropical with highest diversity in the Neotropics, equatorial Africa and southeast Asia. The family Endomychidae is currently arranged into 12 subfamilies (sensu Tomaszewska 2000): Anamorphinae (=Mycotheninae), Danascelinae, Endomychinae, Epipocinae, Eupsilobiinae (=Eidoreinae, Cerasommatidiidae), Leiestinae, Lycoperdininae (=Eumorphinae), Merophysiinae (=Holoparamecinae), Mycetaeinae (=Agaricophilinae), Pleganophorinae (=Trochoideinae), Stenotarsinae and Xenomycetinae.
The vast majority of taxa feed on the fruiting bodies of basidiomycete fungi, although there are representatives who specialize on softer agarics, molds, spores, and even several taxa which have been found to be facultatively phytophagous or predaceous. They rarely come to light traps and are most often collected directly from the surface of their host fungi. However, they can also be found in pitfall traps, flight intercept traps or beating/sweeping vegetation in close proximity to their hosts as they often rest on nearby foliage during the day. There are several species which have become stored product pests, and a number of taxa are inquilines of social insects, particularly from the subfamily Merophysiinae. A number of species appear to be involved in mimicry complexes with taxa from other beetle families such as Chrysomelidae, Coccinellidae, Erotylidae and Tenebrionidae, many of which are chemically defended. However, since these endomychids also tend to be chemically defended, it is unclear which is the model and which is the mimic in these Müllerian systems.
Anamorphinae as a subfamily is widely distributed with genera occurring throughout the world, particularly in the tropical and subtropical regions. Species often exhibit scattered or isolated distributions, and anamorphines are often among the only endomychids found in island habitats (e.g., Caribbean Islands, Micronesian and Pacific Islands, etc.).
Danascelinae is a small subfamily with only two genera, one of which is endemic to northern North America and the other known only from Pakistan.
Within Endomychinae, the nominate genus Endomychus is holarctic, while the remaining genera are largely restricted to the eastern Palearctic and Indomalaysian regions.
Epipocinae is endemic to the New World and predominantly Neotropical, though several species extend into the Nearctic region.
Genera of Eupsilobiinae are typically endemic to small areas of Central and South America and South Africa. A notable exception is the genus Eidoreus which is cosmopolitan in distribution, but found most often in scattered island habitats.
The subfamily Leiestinae is completely holarctic with genera restricted to either the Palearctic or the Nearctic (never both).
The largest subfamily in terms of genera and species is Lycoperdininae. Members of this subfamily are distributed throughout the world, but most of its generic and species-level diversity is concentrated in the Indomalaysian tropics.
Genera of the subfamily Merophysiinae are largely tropical in distribution but with restricted ranges in the Neotropical, Afrotropical and Indomalaysian regions. The genus Holoparamecus, a common stored product pest, is an exception. It has been introduced and become established in many places making it truly cosmopolitan in distribution.
Similarly, the genus Mycetaea of the subfamily Mycetaeinae is also a stored product pest and has become established in the Nearctic, Palearctic and Afrotropical regions, while its congener Agaricophilus, which is not a pest, is endemic and restricted to eastern Europe.
With the exception of the widespread tropical genus Trochoideus, another stored product pest, the remaining two genera of the Pleganophorinae are endemic to very small areas of the Indomalaysian and Palearctic regions, respectively.
The subfamily Stenotarsinae is most diverse in the New and Old World tropics, though subtropical species are known from the southernmost areas of the Palearctic, the Nearctic and Australia. The largest genus in the entire family, Stenotarsus (with 250, species), is a member of this subfamily and is found throughout the tropical regions of the world (although a few species extend into the Nearctic and Palearctic regions).
Both species of the subfamily Xenomycetinae and its constituent monotypic genus Xenomycetes are endemic to northwestern North America.
Gerstaecker (1858) produced the first world monograph devoted to Endomychidae. However, most family-level treatments of the Endomychidae were limited to regional checklists and primary descriptive papers of Old or New World taxa. The consequence of this “regionalization” of the taxonomic literature is that many synonyms exist, particularly among relatively cryptic species or cosmopolitan taxa, and this problem is further compounded by insufficient global taxonomic expertise to identify those synonyms and correct the nomenclature for many of the hard-to-identify endomychid genera. Gorham (1887-1899) described many new species while reviewing the Central American fauna. Ganglbauer (1899a,1899b) reviewed the Endomychidae of Europe. In addition, several large catalogues and checklists have been produced for the family (Csiki 1901, Belon 1902, Csiki 1910, Arrow 1920, Hetschko 1926, Strohecker 1953, Rucker 2007; Tomaszewska 2007). Strohecker (1953) provided the first comprehensive keys to the known endomychid genera of the world, but this treatment lacked the phylogenetic context necessary for establishing a framework for a natural classification.
In the 50 years since Strohecker's work (1953), very little work has been done to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of the taxa contained within the family, as well as the relationship of Endomychidae to other cucujoid families. Inclusion of the Eupsilobiinae and the Anamorphinae in Endomychidae has led some researchers to suggest that the family may in fact be polyphyletic (Slipinski & Pakaluk 1991, Robertson et al. 2008), particularly with respect to the families Coccinellidae and Corylophidae. Historically, the Endomychidae were considered to be the sister taxon to the more well-known, predominantly predaceous Coccinellidae. In fact, some older classifications placed these two taxa together under the name "Trimera", based on the shared feature of pseudotrimerous tarsi (Tomaszewska 2000). Of course, this condition within Endomychidae is now known to be restricted to the “higher” endomychid subfamilies—Endomychinae, Epipocinae, Lycoperdininae and Stenotarsinae (Tomaszewska 2005).
Because of Endomychidae’s potential sister-group association with the economically significant Coccinellidae, much interest has arisen in recent years in performing phylogenetic analyses to investigate these relationships more thoroughly. Tomaszewska (2000) performed the first formal phylogenetic analysis of the family based on morphological characters of the adults; however, the results only supported the monophyly of the family and offered no resolution between the subfamilies. In a follow-up paper that included larval characters, Tomaszewska (2005) was able to obtain better resolution. Unfortunately, both studies assumed a sister-group relationship with Coccinellidae rather than including sufficient outgroup taxa sampled from throughout the Cerylonid-Series and the superfamily Cucujoidea.
Hunt et al. (2007), while presenting a phylogeny for the entire order Coleoptera based on 3 genes (18S, 16S, COI) recovered a monophyletic Cerylonid-Series with the same “higher” Endomychidae sister group relationship with Coccinellidae, but recovered the Merophysiinae, Leiestinae and Anamorphinae clustered together and paraphyletic with respect to Corylophidae. Of course, the monophyly of Endomychidae was not the focus of that study, nor was its taxon or gene sampling sufficient to reliably resolve the familial and subfamilial relationships of Endomychidae and the other Cerylonid-Series families. Nonetheless, its resulting hypotheses for the placement of some of the endomychid subfamilies raised some interesting and lingering questions about the monophyly of the Endomychidae which warranted further exploration.
Robertson et al. (2008) conducted the first formal test of the limits of the Cerylonid-Series using molecular sequence data (18S, 28S). The conclusion of that study was that the monophyly of the family Endomychidae was not supported as it is currently defined. While they did recover a monophyletic clade of subfamilies corresponding to the “higher” Endomychidae of Tomaszewska sister to Coccinellidae, Robertson et al. (2008) recovered Anamorphinae outside of Endomychidae and sister to Corylophidae. Anamorphinae being recognized as an independent assemblage outside of the remaining Endomychidae was first proposed by Sasaji (1978, 1987, 1990) as Mychothenidae, but this classification was never widely accepted or implemented. Clearly, much work is needed to fully resolve the family and its constituent subfamilies. For the purposes of the tree presented above, I have opted to use the phylogenetic hypothesis proposed by Tomaszewska (2005), despite its outgroup limitations. At present, that analysis remains as the most robust phylogenetic analysis of Endomychidae to include members of all 12 subfamilies.
Arrow, G. J. 1920. A contribution to the classification of the coleopterous family Endomychidae. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1920: 1-83.
Belon, R. P. 1902. Coleoptera Clavicornia Fam. Lathridiidae, pp. 1-40 + 1 pl. In P. Wytsman [ed.], Genera Insectorum. P. Wytsman, Brussels.
Csiki, E. 1901. Catalogus Endomychidarum. Termeszetrajzi Fuzetek 24: 2-53.
Csiki, E. 1910. Pars 12: Fam. Endomychidae, pp. 1-68. In S. Schenkling [ed.], Coleopterorum Catalogus. W. Junk, Berlin.
Ganglbauer, L. 1899a. Familienreihe Staphylinoidea. II. Theil. & Familienreihe Clavicornia. XXIX. Familie. Lathridiidae, pp. 766-821. Carl Gerolds Sohn, Wien.
Ganglbauer, L. 1899b. Familienreihe Staphylinoidea. II. Theil. & Familienreihe Clavicornia. XXXII. Familie. Endomychidae, pp. 909-941. Die Kafer von Mitteleuropa. Carl Gerolds Sohn, Wien.
Gerstaecker, A. 1858. Monographie der Endomychidae, einer Familie der Coleopteren, pp. XIV + 433 pp., 3 pls. In A. Gerstaecker [ed.], Entomographien. Abhandlungen in Bereich der Gliederthiere, mit besonderer Benutzung der Koenigl. Entomologischen Sammlung zu Berlin. W. Engelmann, Leipzig.
Gorham, H. S. 1887-1899. Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta. Coleoptera. Vol. VII. Erotylidae, Endomychidae, and Coccinellidae. VII. London. 276 pp., 13 lams pp.
Hetschko, A. 1926. Pars 85: Lathridiidae, pp. 1-86. In S. Schenkling [ed.], Coleopterorum Catalogus. W. Junk, Berlin.
Lawrence, J. F. 1991. Endomychidae (Cucujoidea)(including Merophysiidae, Mycetaeidae), pp. 482-485. In F. W. Stehr [ed.], Immature Insects. Volume 2. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, IA.
Lawrence, J. F., A. M. Hastings, M. J. Dallwitz, T. A. Paine, and E. J. Zurcher 1999a. Endomychidae. Beetle Larvae of the World: Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, and Information Retrieval for Families and Sub-families. CD-ROM, version 1.1 for MS-Windows. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne.
Lawrence, J. F., A. M. Hastings, M. J. Dallwitz, T. A. Paine, and E. J. Zurcher 1999b. Endomychidae (major part). Beetles of the World: A Key and Information System for Families and Subfamilies. CD-ROM, version 1.0 for MS-Windows. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne.
Robertson, J. A., M. F. Whiting, and J. V. McHugh. 2008. Searching for natural lineages within the Cerylonid Series (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 46: 193-205.
Rucker, H.W. and I. Lobl. 2007. Endomychidae (subfamily Merophysiinae), pp. 557-559. In: I. Lobl and A. Smetana (eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Vol. 4. Apollo Books, Stenstrup. 935 pp.
Sasaji, H. 1978. Notes on the Japanese Endomychidae, with an establishment of a new subfamily (Coleoptera). Memoirs of the Faculty of Education, Fukui University Series II (Natural Science) 28: 1-31.
Sasaji, H. 1987. On the higher classification of the Endomychidae and their relative families (Coleoptera). Entomological Journal of Fukui 1: 44-51.
Sasaji, H. 1990. The family Mychothenidae of Japan (Coleoptera). Esakia Special Issue No. 1: 65-75.
Shockley, F.W., K.W. Tomaszewska and J.V. McHugh. 2009. An annotated checklist of the handsome fungus beetles of the world (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea: Endomychidae). Zootaxa 1999: 1-113.
Skelley, P.E. and R.A.B. Leschen. 2002. Endomychidae. Pp. 366-370. In: R. H. Arnett, Jr., M.C. Thomas, P.E. Skelley, and J.H. Frank, eds. American Beetles. Vol. 2. Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionidae. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, xiv + 861 pp.
Slipinski, S.A. and J. Pakaluk. 1991. Problems in the classification of the Cerylonid series of Cucujoidea (Coleoptera). Pp. 79-88. In: M. Zunino, X. Belles and M. Blas, eds. Advances in Coleopterology. European Association of Coleopterology. Silvestrelli and Cappelletto. Torino.
Strohecker, H.F. 1953. Coleoptera. Fam. Endomychidae. In: P. Wytsman, ed. Genera Insectorum. Fasc. 210. L. Desmet-Verteneuil, Brussels, 140 pp.
Strohecker, H.F. 1986. A Catalog of the Coleoptera of America North of Mexico. Family: Endomychidae. United States Department of Agriculture (Agriculture Handbook 529-98), Washington, DC. viii + 19 pp.
Tomaszewska, K.W. 2000. Morphology, phylogeny and classification of adult Endomychidae (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea). Annales Zoologici 50 (4): 449-558.
Tomaszewska, K. W. 2005. Phylogeny and generic classification of the subfamily Lycoperdininae with a re-analysis of the family Endomychidae (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea). Annales Zoologici (Warszawa) Supplement: 1-172.
Tomaszewska, W.K. 2007. Endomychidae (remaining subfamilies), pp. 559-568. In: I. Lobl and A. Smetana (eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Vol. 4. Apollo Books, Stenstrup. 935 pp.
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Man is the creature that can learn to learn.
Humans can constantly take sensory inputs about ourselves to further improve ourselves. This is why the first steps to self-improvement must be understand what effects your decision-making. Hence the reason this is such an important area of research, and why I am frustrated that there is not enough research out there to quench my thirst to understand/learn.
I would also like to apologize that much of the research in this article is behind a paywall.
In short, anxiety is essentially an inner state of turmoil an individual experiences during scenarios that don’t necessarily require such an intense response. Often, people who experience high anxiety will display certain behavioral traits, such as pacing back and forth, suffer from physical pain, or ruminate (focus on the symptoms of their own distress and the causes/consequences of it).
After conducting some research and delving into the world of the highly anxious, there seems to be strong evidence supporting that anxiety and the behavior it creates have some dictation over decision-making. The integration of neuroeconomics and the neural circuitry of fear learning play a large role in developing anxious traits and utilizing them to make specific choices.
That being said, though the two share similar physiological properties, they both can be differentiated considering the way they respond and their reasons for their responses are not derived from the same root cause. Even the responses themselves differ based on length of time experienced.
A threat detection mechanism likely underlies facilitated attention, a process that may be neurally centered around the amygdala. Attentional control ability likely underlies difficulty in disengagement, emotion regulation goals likely underlie attentional avoidance, and both of these processes may be neurally centered around prefrontal cortex functioning. The threat detection mechanism may be a mostly automatic process, attentional avoidance may be a mostly strategic process, and difficulty in disengagement may be a mixture of automatic and strategic processing.
It is quite possibly the designated location in which association and memory storage can cue fear conditioning and project to the brainstem and hypothalamus, and also project to the ventral striatum. The brainstem and the hypothalamus mediate autonomic fear expression, while the ventral striatum mediates the utilization of actions in order to cope with fear. Along with fear acquisition, the hippocampus also plays a vital role in modulating our fear. To boil it all down, the amygdala, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and the hippocampus all contribute to the acquisition, storage, retrieval and contextual modulation of fear acquisition and extinction. Extinction is when conditioned responding to a stimulus decreases once the reinforcer has been removed.
Caption for the image above: Extinction learning occurs in three phases. Acquisition is characterized by a decrease in conditioned responses to the presentation of a CS without the US. Consolidation is a time-dependent process during which a long-term extinction representation is formed. Retrieval of extinction occurs at a later time, when the CS is re-presented. Good extinction retrieval is characterized by low levels of conditioned responses (green bar), whereas poor extinction retrieval is characterized by high levels of conditioned responses (red bar). Poor retrieval of extinction is normally observed following renewal, reinstatement, spontaneous recovery, or in pathological conditions characterized by extinction failure. In the duration of this extinction retrieval, projections from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex direct towards the amygdala’s inhibitory interneurons and diminish fear expression. Once extinction occurs, the contextual information will modulate competition between the original fear memory and the new extinction memory. During intentional fear regulation, activation of the amygdala typically decreases due to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation. This, in turn, activates the ventromedial prefrontal cortex-amygdala inhibitory pathway that mediates extinction rezrieval. One study that was done by Shmuel Lissek performed a review “representing fear-learning scores for 453 anxiety patients and 455 healthy controls, was conducted to . . . assess the moderating influences of study characteristics.” The results of this study revealed increases in acquisition of fear learning and conditioned responding during extinction in patients with anxiety. “ . . . These patient-control differences . . . primarily emerge from studies employing simple, single-cue paradigms where only danger cues are presented and no inhibition of fear to safety cues is required.” Interestingly enough, there are other areas of the brain that can be correlated to and may contribute to the emotional expression and awareness that is associated with anxiety. For instance, a person who expresses anxiety is noted to have a heightened perception of bodily sensations – this is also referred to as “interoception”. Interoception may increase the aversiveness of a threat response. It is suggested that the insula plays a critical role in representing the interoceptive information. This is crucial, considering altered insula activity could skew modulation of an individual’s interoceptive awareness, thus contributing to such anxiety.
Dysregulation of this neurocircuitry is proposed to have a role in the maintenance of anxiety. For instance, trait anxiety can be correlated with increased amygdala activation coupled with higher fear expression during fear acquisition. The effects of anxiety also impact extinction learning and retention in the aspect that is impairs these processes, as well as regulating emotional responses. During or prior to fear extinction, anxious individuals portray reduced prefrontal activation and need a heightened prefrontal recruitment. Through cognitive reappraisal, there can be a successful reduction of negative emotion. There is evidence that suggests that prefrontal inhibition of the amygdala is mainly mediated by a fiber tract coming in from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex to the inhibitory cells within the amygdala. The structural integrity of this particular ventromedial prefrontal cortex-amygdala pathway is inversely proportional to trait anxiety, which suggests that compromised inhibitory function impacts emotional regulation in anxiety by heightening and impairing the process. In one study, they discovered evidence of two independent dimensions of neurocognitive function that associated with trait vulnerability to anxiety.
The first entailed increased amygdala responsivity to phasic fear cues. The second involved impoverished ventral prefrontal cortical (vPFC) recruitment to downregulate both cued and contextual fear prior to omission (extinction) of the aversive unconditioned stimulus.
The significance of these two aspects of neurocognitive function is that they may contribute to symptom differentiation across anxiety disorders. In this case, the mechanism of the amygdala affects developing phobic fears and the frontal mechanism impacts the maintenance of specific fears and a more generalized anxiety. It was also realized that in humans, clinical symptoms of anxiety show improved detection in sustained rather than phasic paradigms. A phasic state is when fear is adapted to the threatening stimulus – it is rapidly onset and then quickly dissipates. In a sustained state, which is an elongated state of apprehension.
It may be that amygdala hyperresponsitivity while evaluating, anticipating, or attending to negative stimuli may increase cognitive and effective responses to a potential threat in individuals with anxiety. On that note, any prefrontal cortex-dependent cognitive regulatory processes may be impaired during anxiety. This would reduce its potential to modulate this system. Several studies done in Catherine Hartley’s article propose that alterations in neural circuitry that involves fear learning and regulation may mediate the impact of anxiety on decision-making. Many aspects of neuroeconomics can also be taken into account. In individuals with anxiety, their cost-benefit analysis of confronting a situation or weighing risks can differ greatly from a person lacking the anxiety trait.
In another article found in the Journal of Neuroscience, a group did a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment in order to compare ambiguity and risk. A third comparison was also added – ignorance. They had modified “learned Pavlovian CS + stimuli such that they became an ambiguous cue and contrasted evoked brain activity both with an unmodified predictive CS + (risky cue), and a cue that conveyed no information about outcome probabilities (ignorance cue)”. The regions that had been shown originally engaged by decisions about ambiguous rewarding outcomes were also shown to be engaged by ambiguous outcome prediction in the sense of aversive outcomes. There was also activation found in these regions even with lack of a decision to be made. There are two forms of uncertainty that can be distinguished in the aspect of human decision-making: one is the known or calculable probability of outcomes, also known as risk – the second is ambiguity, or a scenario where there are multiple outcomes and their outcomes are completely unknown. An fMRI study was conducted to identify brain activation coding for the decision parameters of expected value (or some type of calculable outcome) and uncertainty of monetary rewards. This study showed that when a stimulus was associated with higher expected values there were monotonically increasing activations in specific areas of the striatum. When there was higher uncertainty stimulation, the imaging showed increasing activations in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex. This specific data set suggests that separate prefrontal regions are involved in risk aversion and seeking. This information was extremely useful in understanding how reward structures are setup in our own circuitry.
There are two forms of uncertainty that can be distinguished in the aspect of human decision-making: one is the known or calculable probability of outcomes, also known as risk – the second is ambiguity, or a scenario where there are multiple outcomes and their outcomes are completely unknown. An fMRI study was conducted to identify brain activation coding for the decision parameters of expected value (or some type of calculable outcome) and uncertainty of monetary rewards. This study showed that when a stimulus was associated with higher expected values there were monotonically increasing activations in specific areas of the striatum. When there was higher uncertainty stimulation, the imaging showed increasing activations in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex. This specific data set suggests that separate prefrontal regions are involved in risk aversion and seeking. This information was extremely useful in understanding how reward structures are setup in our own circuitry.
The integration of many areas of the brain and their connecting circuitry mediate a large amount of emotional pathways that have a high impact on trait anxiety. The way individuals with anxiety process fear into their calculations of cost-benefit analysis likely plays a large role in their decision-making process. It has been shown that areas such as the amygdala and other areas that mediate emotions become altered in an individual who has trait anxiety. This alteration, amongst many others of similar effect, is shown to be a probable potential instigator of the outcomes that occur, resulting in anxious behaviors.
(9) Bach DR, Seymour B, and Dolan RJ. Neural Activity, Associated Passive Prediction Ambiguity, Risk for Aversive Events. J Neu. 2009;29.6: 1648-56.
(2) Cisler JM, and Koster EHW. Mechanisms Attentional Biases Towards Threat In Anxiety Disorders: Integrative Review. Clin Psyc Rev. 2010;30.2: 203-16.
(7) Davis M., et al. Phasic Vs Sustained Fear in Rats, Humans: Role of Extended Amygdala in Fear Vs Anxiety. Neu psyc pharm. 2010;35.1: 105-35.
(1) Hartley, CA, and Phelps EA. Anxiety And Decision-Making. Bio Psyc. 2012;72.2: 113-118.
(6) Indovina I., et al. Fear-Conditioning Mechanisms Assoc. with Trait Vulnerability to Anxiety in Humans. Neuron. 2011;69.3: 563-71.
(8) Kuhnen CM, and Knutson B. The Neural Basis of Financial Risk Taking. Neuron 2005;47.5: 763-70.
(4) Lissek S., et al. Classical Fear Conditioning in Anxiety Disorders: A Meta-Analysis. Behav Res, Ther. 2005;43.11: 1391-424.
(3) Quirk GJ, and Mueller D. Neural Mechanisms Extinction Learning, Retrieval. Neu psyc pharm. 2008;33.1: 56-72.
(5) Reiss S., et al. Anxiety Sensitivity, Anxiety Frequency and Prediction of Fearfulness. Behav Res, Ther. 1986;24.1: 1-8.
(10) Tobler PN, et al. Reward Value Coding Distinct from Risk Attitude-Related Uncertainty Coding in Human Reward Systems. J Neu phys. 2007;97.2: 1621-32.
Just pointing out a grammar mistake – “girlfriends” in the second line is trying to be possessive but is missing an apostrophe. Thanks and nice article.
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Atlantis (in Greek, Ἀτλαντίς, "daughter of Atlas") is a legendary island first mentioned in Plato's dialogues Timaeus and Critias.
In Timeus and Critias Plato gives us historical insights into the civilization and culture of Atlantis, its society, its infrastructure even its differences and conflicts with Athens.
Plato places Atlantis in the Mediterranean sea and in his narration he tells us all that was taking place there11000 years before his time, add to that that 2500 years since Plato's time and we have a date on the existence of Atlantis, and that is 14000 before our time.
Do you think Plato used some very old books from the burnt library of Alexandra?
I think he used some really really old sources.
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The town of Shrewsbury (pronounced Shrozebury) nestles within a large loop of the River Severn, which is spanned by two splendid 18th century bridges.
The town is filled with romantic 15th century half-timbered Tudor houses, huddled together, within attractive alley ways and picturesque streets. The Abbot's House (circa 1450), located in Butcher Row, is one of many examples of the well-preserved, black-and-white, houses that make Shrewsbury one of the finest Tudor towns in the country. There are also a number of fine Georgian terraces and many excellent examples of 17th, 18th and 19th century architecture. The most notable of these are the town's civic library, museum and art gallery, which are housed in the l7th century buildings of Shrewsbury's famous old public school.
Shrewsbury's magnificent red sandstone Norman Castle has faithfully defended the town from Welsh invaders over the centuries. It was founded by Roger de Montgomery, around 1070, on the site of an earlier Anglo-Saxon fort. It was from its very gates that Henry IV rode out to conquer the Welsh rebels at the Battle of Shrewsbury, in 1403, just north of the town. Its walls were extensively restored in 1788 by Thomas Telford, who converted it into a dwelling. Its main hall is now a Regimental Museum.
Several outstanding churches in Shrewsbury include the Norman and later Abbey Church. The mainly 18th century St Julian's, with its ancient towers, and the circular, domed, 17th century St Chad's Church (one of the few round churches in Britain), which overlooks the River Severn.
Other find buildings in the town are Rowley's Mansion (which houses a museum), Whitehall circa 1582, the gateway of the half-timbered Council House, the Lion Coaching Inn and the small group of 14th century cottages, shops, plus the beautiful old 'Bear Steps' hall. Parts of the old town walls, including a 13th-century tower, also survive.
The town's lovely Dingle park gardens were created by the late Percy Thrower (one of Britain's best-known gardeners), from the town's old quarry, where much of the rich red sandstone for the town's buildings originally came.
The museum is housed in the main surviving building of Shrewsbury Castle. It was extensively rebuilt in the 13th century to guard the Welsh borders but still has its original gateway of 1083. The museum is dedicated to the King's Shropshire Light Infantry and The Shropshire Yeomanry. The castle grounds also contain a medieval 'matte' and the romantic Laura's Tower.
Shrewsbury Abbey was at one point a candidate for the seat of a bishop, until Henry VIII decided that this would be too costly. Only the west tower and nave survive today.
A magnificent timber-framed warehouse, with an adjoining brick built mansion. It was built for the Rowley family, who where brewers, drapers and mayors of Shrewsbury during the early 17th century.
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Would an EMP in the US Cause all of our active Nuclear Power Plants to melt down and explode?
One hundred four nuclear reactors going Fukushima, spreading toxic clouds everywhere.
Due to US NRC standards, all Nuclear Power Plants include a containment vessel so the only way for them to spew toxic clouds would be for them to explode much like happened in Fukushima.
So In the event of an EMP would we have nearly all of the active plants melting down and exploding?
The USA has no nuclear reactors of the old design type used at Fukushima.
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) have been studying the effect of EMP on nuclear power plants since the 1970s to ensure that these plants can shutdown safely after an EMP.
The NRC requires U.S. nuclear power plants to be able to shut down safely in the face of many extreme events – tornados, hurricanes and earthquakes. But the NRC also takes into account far more unusual events, like solar flares and electromagnetic pulse (EMP) caused by a certain type of nuclear weapon.
EMP from high altitude nuclear tests in the 1960s did cause significant damage to some sections of street lighting and other equipment at long range.
Since the continental USA is a large country, it would take an extraordinarily large nuclear explosion to create a single EMP pulse that affects both west and east coasts.
The Tsunami knocked out the power grid in the region.
The Tsunami flooded the standby generators at the power plant.
The Reactors did not have a purely passive system for reaching cold-shutdown.
The Fukushima reactors are Boiling Water Reactors (BWR) designed by GE in the 1960s and now designated, by some people, as Generation-1 reactors. According to Wikipedia there are no Generation-1 reactors operating in the USA (they've all been decommissioned - the last was Big Rock Point in 1997). However this system of classification is not universally used.
There is no reason to think this is the case. The effect of high altitude electromagnetic pulses has been studied by a scientific commission for the US government and they released a long, in-depth result. It's a 168-page book, full of physical models and engineering assessments -- hard to summarize in its entirety, but from a quick look it seems to me to be solid evidence.
As a final note, the bottom line for predicting E1 HEMP effects is that our modern world has never experienced such as assault. We can try to predict effects and draw upon similar effects and experimentation, but there is always the possibility of some surprise. Often even somewhat minor issues have lead to extensive problems in the past, which would not have been predicted. It is also not known how American society in general would react if massive infrastructure failures occur over a large region and for a long time.
This is to say: obviously it would be a very negative event, with consequences. That said, there's no evidential support for an apocalyptic scenario such as the one presented by the claimants.
Some general emphasis of comments fall into either “the world as we know it will come to an end” if there is a high altitude nuclear burst, or the other extreme: “it’s not a big deal, nothing much will happen”. Since we really have never had a nuclear burst over anything like our current modern infrastructure, no one really knows for sure what would happen, but both extremes are not very believable.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged environment nuclear-energy .
Does living near a nuclear power plant cause cancer?
Did U.K. nuclear power plants of the '80s play a continuous sound and indicate emergency by stopping it?
Did the wind power industry produce more radioactive waste than nuclear power plants?
Does nuclear power cause fewer deaths than other forms of electricity production, accidents included?
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Put your logo on a unique relaxation promotional product, and gain your client's gratitude. Our unique line of stress reducing promotional logo items include the stress test cards, biofeedback cards, Zen Sand kits with logo, foot and back massagers, and a wide range of custom printed relaxation techniques.
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For top of the line relaxing promotional gifts, consider the soothing sound nature clock or radio. It features rain, seashore, bird call, stream, and heartbeat sounds with the touch of a button.
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For the Youth Olympic Games in Singapore, the administration is considering to house each team in several units with at least 5 people per unit. A team can have from 5 to 100 members, depending on the sport they do. For example, if there are 16 team members, there are 6 ways to distribute the team members into units: (1) one unit with 16 team members; (2) two units with 5 and 11 team members, respectively; (3) two units with 6 and 10 team members, respectively; (4) two units with 7 and 9 team members, respectively; (5) two units with 8 team members each; (6) two units with 5 team members each plus a third unit with 6 team members. This list might become quite lengthy for a large team size.
In order to see how many choices to distribute the team members there are, the administration would like to have a computer program that computes for a number n the number m(n) of possible ways to distribute the team members into the units allocated, with at least 5 people per unit. Note that equivalent distributions like 5 + 5 + 6, 5 + 6 + 5 and 6 + 5 + 5 are counted only once. So m(16) = 6 (as seen above), m(17) = 7 (namely 17, 5 + 12, 6 + 11, 7 + 10, 8 + 9, 5 + 5 + 7, 5 + 6 + 6) and m(20) = 13.
The computer program should read the number n and compute m(n).
The input contains just one number which is the number n as described above, where 5 ≤ n ≤ 100.
The output file consists of a single integer that is the number m(n) as specified above. As n is at most 100, one can estimate that m(n) has at most 7 decimal digits.
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William Andrews (born December 25, 1955) is a former NFL football running back. He played collegiately at Auburn University along with future NFL backs James Brooks and Joe Cribbs.
Andrews was selected by the Atlanta Falcons in the third round of the 1979 NFL Draft. While he was primarily used as a blocking back in college, Andrews excelled as a blocker, runner and pass catcher during his pro career. He would make an immediate impact, finishing with 167 yards rushing in his NFL debut as the Falcons defeated the New Orleans Saints, 40-34. Playing in 15 games, Andrews finished his rookie season with 1,023 yards rushing and was named to the all-rookie team. In 1980, Andrews helped lead the Falcons to a 12-4 record and a first-place finish in the NFC West division. He finished the season with 1,308 yards rushing, averaged 4.9 yards per attempt and also caught 51 passes for 456 yards. The season was the first of four straight in which Andrews was selected to play in the Pro Bowl.
While the Falcons record slipped in 1981, Andrews would have another great season. He led the NFL in yards from scrimmage with 2,036, again went over 1,300 yards rushing and scored a career-high 12 touchdowns (10 rushing, 2 receiving). Andrews became one of the first running backs in the NFL, along with Tony Dorsett, John Brockington, Ottis Anderson and Earl Campbell, to gain at least 1,000 yards in each of his first three seasons. Andrews was also fourth in receptions that season with 81. Andrews finished the strike-shortened 1982 season second in the NFL in yards from scrimmage with 1,076 and helped the Falcons return to the postseason.
In 1983, Andrews had his best season yet statistically. He was second in the NFL in rushing with 1,567 yards, second in rushing yards per game with an average of 97.9 and caught for 59 passes for 609 yards. His also finished second in yards from scrimmage with a total of 2,176. At season's end, he was named All-Pro by both the NEA and The Sporting News.
In the prime of his career, Andrews sustained a serious knee injury during the 1984 preseason that sidelined him for two years. He returned in 1986 for one season, largely as a tight end. He rushed for 214 yards on 52 attempts and scored 1 touchdown before retiring from the NFL with a career total of 5,986 yards rushing. At the time of his retirement, Andrews ranked 24th in NFL history in rushing yards.
In his prime, Andrews was regarded as arguably the most bruising, powerful running back in the NFL. Ronnie Lott would later state that a head-on-collision he had with Andrews during a game between the San Francisco 49ers and the Falcons on December 19, 1982 was the hardest hit that he had received during his NFL career. In addition to leading the NFL in yards from scrimmage in 1981, Andrews also finished in the top four in that category three other times. Despite the brevity of his career, Andrews is still the Falcons' all-time yards from scrimmage leader with a total of 8,633. He was named as the Falcons Player of the Year in both 1981 and 1983. To celebrate his career, his number 31 was retired in 2004 by the Falcons. Andrews was inducted into the Georgia Sports Hall of Fame in 1996.
On Friday, March 30, 2012, Andrews was jailed in Cobb County, Georgia, on a civil contempt charge, stemming from on-going child support issues.
↑ "William Andrews". veteranpresence.com. Retrieved 2011-06-06.
↑ "William Andrews". sportsthenandnow.com. Retrieved 2011-06-06.
↑ Lieber, Jill (January 23, 1989). "Hitter With Heart". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved 2011-06-06.
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And then gives this message to me I do not know why, but I have. I installed MAYA, and i had the student edition number. But it said License Error 20. Windows 8, tried uninstall and reinstall. I know there are. Hello I have installed a standalone Maya on my windows 10 machine and I am getting the license error 20 dialog : License was not obtained hebung des Fehlers " The software license check out failed. Error 20" in unter einer Minute. 問題: WindowsでのMaya起動演出するランタイムエラー: 環境: Windows 原因: この問題は、 Microsoftによって引き起こされた壊れたC+ + 解決策: この問題をトラブル シュートするには、 次の手順に従います。 Mayaを既定の設定に. Hi, I am trying to download Maya but every time it downloads, I am unable to open the program. License method: environment variable MAYA_ LICENSE_ METHOD= ' standalone' Product choice: environment variable. Firewall for AWS EC2 · Windows Cleanup Utility. 問題: リモートのレンダー ノード経由で Maya を起動すると、 次のエラーが表示されます 。. 環境: Windows 原因: レンダー ノードに Windows リモート デスクトップを使用して ログインしていると、 ソフトウェアが、 レンダー ノードのオペレーティング. F), error 20 License method: environment variable MAYA_ LICENSE_ METHOD= ' standalone' Product choice:.
Open a Terminal window and execute both of the following commands, where < productKey> is your product key:. 問題: オペレーティング システムを Lion ( 10. 7) から Mountain Lion 10. 8 に アップグレードすると、 Maya の実行時に次のエラーが発生します。 [ License was not obtained Tried MayaF1. F), error 20 License. 問題: ご使用の Mac コンピュータに Maya SP6 のインストール、 起動エラー 20 ライセンスを受信するとします。 解決策: この問題を解決するには、 Maya を再 インストールがクリーンアップ操作を実行する必要があります。 Maya.
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M10 is a fine globular cluster that's located in the constellation of Ophiuchus. One of the largest constellations, Ophiuchus straddles the celestial equator and contains a host of globular clusters of which Messier catalogued seven of them. The brightest and best of them is M10 (mag. +6.6), which can be spotted with binoculars, appearing like an out of focus fuzzy star.
Charles Messier discovered M10 on May 29, 1764, describing it as a "nebula without stars". Ten years later, German astronomer Johann Elert Bode noted it as a "very pale nebulous patch without stars". Both Messier and Bode used telescopes that suffered in quality and hence were unable to resolve the cluster. It was not until William Herschel using better and larger instruments was able to spot individual member stars. He described it as a "beautiful cluster of extremely compressed stars". The best time of the year to observe M10 is during the months of May, June and July.
Locating M10 is not the easiest task as the surrounding area of sky is devoid of bright stars. Start by locating the brightest star in Ophiuchus, Rasalhague (α Oph - mag +2.1). Join the stars of the constellation in a curve heading westwards and southwards until arriving at two close 3rd magnitude stars, Yed Prior (δ Oph - mag. +2.7) and Yed Posterior (ε Oph - mag. +3.2). M10 is located about 12 degrees east of Yed Prior with star 30 Oph (mag. +4.8) one degree east of M10.
M10 makes a superb target for all telescopes. A small 80mm (3.1-inch) scope reveals an obvious non-stellar fuzzy ball of light spread over about 8 arc minutes. Through 150mm (6-inch) or 200mm (8-inch) instruments the globular appears dense with a large nebulous central core. A number of stars are resolvable especially in the outer halo, which extends some 15 arc minutes in diameter. A larger 300mm (12-inch) telescope reveals many more stars and adds volume to the view. On good nights, it's possible to see stars across the entire face of the cluster. The fainter and smaller globular cluster M12 is located 3 degrees northwest of M10. In total, M10 spans about 20 arc minutes of apparent sky.
M10 is 14,300 light-years distant and is estimated to be 11.4 billion years old. Although relatively close as far as globulars go, it's intrinsically small spanning only 84 light-years diameter and therefore not as spectacular as might be expected. For example, other globulars such as M13 in Hercules are a much grander sight, despite been much further away.
It's estimated M10 contains 100,000 stars. However, an extremely low number are variable stars and to date only 4 have been discovered.
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Flood, high-water stage in which water overflows its natural or artificial banks onto normally dry land, such as a river inundating its floodplain. The effects of floods on human well-being range from unqualified blessings to catastrophes. The regular seasonal spring floods of the Nile River prior to construction of the Aswān High Dam, for example, were depended upon to provide moisture and soil enrichment for the fertile floodplains of its delta. The uncontrolled floods of the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang) and the Huang He in China, however, have repeatedly wrought disaster when these rivers habitually rechart their courses. Uncontrollable floods likely to cause considerable damage commonly result from excessive rainfall over brief periods of time, as, for example, the floods of Paris (1658 and 1910), of Warsaw (1861 and 1964), of Frankfurt am Main (1854 and 1930), and of Rome (1530 and 1557). Potentially disastrous floods may, however, also result from ice jams during the spring rise, as with the Danube River (1342, 1402, 1501, and 1830) and the Neva River (in Russia, 1824); from storm surges such as those of 1099 and 1953 that flooded the coasts of England, Belgium, and the Netherlands; and from tsunamis, the mountainous sea waves caused by earthquakes, as in Lisbon (1755) and Hawaii (Hilo, 1946).
Floods can be measured for height, peak discharge, area inundated, and volume of flow. These factors are important to judicious land use, construction of bridges and dams, and prediction and control of floods. Common measures of flood control include the improvement of channels, the construction of protective levees and storage reservoirs, and, indirectly, the implementation of programs of soil and forest conservation to retard and absorb runoff from storms.
The discharge volume of an individual stream is often highly variable from month to month and year to year. A particularly striking example of this variability is the flash flood, a sudden, unexpected torrent of muddy and turbulent water rushing down a canyon or gulch. It is uncommon, of relatively brief duration, and generally the result of summer thunderstorms or the rapid melting of snow and ice in mountains. A flash flood can take place in a single tributary while the rest of the drainage basin remains dry. The suddenness of its occurrence causes a flash flood to be extremely dangerous.
A flood of such magnitude that it might be expected to occur only once in 100 years is called a 100-year flood. The magnitudes of 100-, 500-, and 1,000-year floods are calculated by extrapolating existing records of stream flow, and the results are used in the design engineering of many water resources projects, including dams and reservoirs, and other structures that may be affected by catastrophic floods.
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Opportunity Cost Metaphor: In using the opportunity cost model we assume there are only two good you can produce, such a Apple juice and lemonade. We know that the more we produce of Apple Juice the less we can make & sell of lemonade and vice-versa. If you make allot of lemonade and a little apple juice THEN you have chosen an uncommon opportunity cost solution compared to what kid normally do (i.e. just sell lemonade). Also, you have to assume you have a limited amount of resources to start & run your lemonade/apple juice stand (i.e. limited money supply so you seek maximum satisfaction for yourself using your money to produce the most of lemonade and apple juice).
Using the lemonade stand example in a personal way: If people prefer Apple juice and you provide lemonade then the amount of money you could have made in excess of what you make now with your lemonade stand is your opportunity cost. If lemonade is cheaper to make and sell BUT you sell apple juice then the amount of lemonade you COULD have produced & extra money you COULD have made if you had a lemonade stand is your opportunity cost.
1. The cost of an alternative that must be forgone in order to pursue a certain action. Put another way, the benefits you could have received by taking an alternative action.
2. The difference in return between a chosen investment and one that is necessarily passed up. Say you invest in a stock and it returns a paltry 2% over the year. In placing your money in the stock, you gave up the opportunity of another investment - say, a risk-free government bond yielding 6%. In this situation, your opportunity costs are 4% (6% - 2%).
In economics, opportunity cost refers to what you can produce at the cost of another.
For example; you could allocate more of the budget to weapons or more to a social safety net such as medicare. In choosing one over the other you face a 'tade-off'. An economy with all resources used up for war or all resources used up for social services only exist in extremely unbalanced economies and political systems and even then don't exist in its pure forms.
In economics you seek to balance one choice against another to find a balance that is right for that particular society. Going to extremes is not something economists are supposed to do . Reducing taxes to a degree can stimulate the economy and even create jobs. After a certain point it ceases to be useful and that point will change for each time and situation (economics is about understanding the currant situation and formulating a solution).
If tax cuts already haven't worked so increasing them will also not work. In other words, decreasing taxes can be useful to a point and beyond that point they are detrimental to society. No taxes (revenue for a central authority) in a society would mean no public goods, i.e. parks, no streets, no street lights, no libraries, no medicare, no social security, no military (since no society can exist without taxes this scenario is refereed to as 'hypothetical' by economists). In the same way, raising taxes to 100% or 90% or even 75% would be too much and it would be bad for the economy.
In social applications of economics going to an extreme in either direction is generally NOT done. Politics does take extreme views, however, it is important to keep in mind that some political policies often have nothing to do with economics and are therefore extremely bad for an economy no matter how they are framed as the 'solution to everything'.
Balancing the public good with private enterprise (so that there is opportunity for upward mobility for ALL citizens) is one reason why economies exist as 'mixed economies'. i.e. government and the private sector is melded together to provide social and economic growth. This will hold true unless subverted by a few (such as an aristocracy) for personal gain.
An economic system in which both the private enterprise and a degree of state monopoly (usually in public services, defense, infrastructure, and basic industries) coexist. All modern economies are mixed where the means of production are shared between the private and public sectors. Also called dual economy.
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What is the conversation mostly about?
Контрольная работа предлагается в четырех вариантах.
Прежде чем приступить к выполнению контрольной работы, следует изучить грамматические темы, которые перечислены перед контрольной работой. Только после этого рекомендуется выполнять контрольную работу.
Контрольная работа должна быть выполнена в отдельной тетради или на скрепленных листах формата А4. На титульном листе работы следует указать: факультет, курс, номер группы, фамилию, имя и отчество, дату, номер контрольного задания и вариант.
Для подготовки к выполнению контрольной работы по заданным грамматическим темам рекомендуется использовать любой учебник по грамматике английского языка для неязыковых вузов.
1. Страдательный залог временных групп Indefinite, Continuous, Prefect.
2. Простые неличные формы глагола. Infinitive.
3. Герундий. Значение, употребление и перевод на русский язык.
4. Participle I, II. Особенности перевода.
5.Модальные глаголы: could, should, ought to, have to, be to.
Употребите глагол из скобок в нужной форме (Present Indefinite Passive).
Several facial treatments (offer) to the client.
A peel that cleans pores (apply) to the client’s skin.
Other body parts (stimulate) during feet massage.
Blush (put) only on theapples of the cheeksto avoid a clownish look.
A gentle facial cleanser (use) to prime sensitive skin for makeover.
Напишите предложения из слов в скобках, используя Past Indefinite Passive. Письменно переведите предложения.
A finger bowl(fill) with warm soapy water.
A flat iron (use) to straighten my curly hair .
The nail technician (pay) before she started.
Some popular methods of hair removal (mention) during the consultation.
…your skin (protect) enough from the skin rays?
Замените в следующих предложениях действительный залог страдательным, обращая внимание на времена группы Continuous (A), Perfect (B).
She is drying her hair with a blow dryer.
The firm is promoting products for men.
She has used mousse for too long.
Melody has bought a sparkly tiara for her wedding hairstyle.
Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните инфинитив (The Infinitive). Письменно переведите предложения.
Use the hose to saturate the client's hair and scalp with water.
What are some ways to make hair curly?
Each of the perm kits require a specific type of hair dryer to work.
Blonde hair typically makes women look younger.
Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните герундий (The Gerund). Письменно переведите предложения.
The textbook suggests using a cape to protect the client's face and neck from getting wet.
Keeping a finger over the nozzle helps the stylist determine the water temperature.
Thinning hair and balding are sometimes caused by aging.
Apply a clear topcoat to your nails daily to protect the enamel from chipping off.
Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните причастие (Participle I). Письменно переведите предложения.
Any remaining hair is pluckedout with tweezers.
What is the exfoliating scrub used for?
The cap highlight is suitable for clients seeking a uniform color.
This volumizing mousse is great for people with fine hair.
While blow-drying the client’s hair, the stylist noticed that his client had a lot of split ends.
Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните причастие (Participle II). Письменно переведите предложения.
A woman visited the salon to have her eyebrows shaped.
What are some services offered at spas?
Its price is determined by the products used during the facial.
A styptic pencil is used as a remedy for the cuts caused during shaving.
Depilatory creams are good for removing unwanted hair.
8. Употребите модальные глаголы could, should, ought to там, где необходимо. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения.
What information … you give to have an appointment?
You … listen to your clientto find out exactly what he ог she wants.
You … daily use sunscreen to avoid early aging.
You … make an appointment by calling us or through our website.
To stop polish from chipping or scratching you …apply a topcoat over your polish, especially around the edges of your nails.
9. Употребите модальные глаголы had to, might там, где необходимо. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения.
I … to use the method of plucking to remove unwanted hairs because my eyebrows are bushy.
Each of the perm kits … require a specific type of hair dryer to work.
People … care for their skin by keeping it clean, using a gentle soap and moisturizer.
I … to stay at work a bit longer yesterday because my last client was late.
A: Welcome to Bella Salon! Do you have an appointment?
B: Good morning. I have a 10 o'clock appointment for a pedicure. I'm Teresa Scott.
A: Great! Have a seat in the spa chair, Ms. Scott.
B: Ok. This is my first time. Can you tell me what the procedure is?
A: First you'll soak your feet in some warm soapy water. Then, I'll push back your cuticles.
B: What happens after that?
A: I'll cut and file your toenails, remove any hard skin and give you a relaxing foot massage.
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0.953239 |
Name the most populous cities in Europe for each century-ending year, 1000 to 1900 AD.
This quiz has been majorly revamped to use a better source. The Wikipedia article is misleading so I went back and found the original source. Unfortunately, this makes the quiz a lot harder. Only true history geeks will get more than half!
That's not unfortunate. It gets boring when every quiz recycles the same few thousand answers over and over and over again for fear of stumping anyone.
Wow, its the amazing kalbahamut (this is not a sarcastic comment)!
I got over half but I'm hardly a true history geek.
A lot harder but also much more interesting. Was Sarai actually a city as opposed to a 'camp'?
Also, notice the difference between 1800 and 1900. The effects of the Industrial Revolution were huge!
I can't be the only one surprised to get Sarai. I was guessing Sarajevo.
I can't believe Caffa and Ohrid and Amalfi are all scoring more than zero.
ive never heard of amalfi. i guessed genoa, venice, palermo, and naples, because i know they are big cities in italy.
Spacing, capitalization, and punctuation never matter on JetPunk. I pasted "stpetersburg" directly from your comment and it was accepted,.
Indeed; kudos, Quizzymakerdudeguysupremo and/or relessness! Crazy hard at first blush, but a great doorway to learning some new things, which is why we (at least most of us!) are here!
What happened between 1000 and 1100 that caused Córdoba and Constantinople to lose so many people?
In response, the Turks began to move into Anatolia in 1073. The collapse of the old defensive system meant that they met no opposition, and the empire's resources were distracted and squandered in a series of civil wars. Thousands of Turkoman tribesmen crossed the unguarded frontier and moved into Anatolia. By 1080, a huge area had been lost to the Empire, and the Turks were within striking distance of Constantinople.
Under the Comnenian dynasty (1081–1185), Byzantium staged a remarkable recovery. With the restoration of firm central government, the empire became fabulously wealthy. The population was rising (estimates for Constantinople in the 12th century vary from some 100,000 to 500,000). Toward the end of Manuel I Komnenos's reign, the number of foreigners in the city reached about 60,000–80,000 people out of a total population of about 400,000 people.
In 1182, all Latin (Western European) inhabitants of Constantinople were massacred. On 25 July 1197, Constantinople was struck by a severe fire which burned the Latin Quarter and the area around the Gate of the Droungarios (Turkish: Odun Kapısı) on the Golden Horn.
etc etc. Better read the long and fascinating history of the city yourself!
And now those last 6 cities are on my wikipedia history. I love quizzes like this.
Why was the year 2000 left out of the quiz?
Because the 20th century was when Europe ceased being relevant?
(kidding.. put down your torches and croissants.) I'm guessing that the source only goes through 1900. Though I'm wondering with a title like "3000 years of urban growth" why it doesn't extend back to 900 BC. Maybe QM thought it would be too difficult.
Were there any cities in Europe in 900 BC? Wiki says the ancient Greek city states began to emerge around 800 BC. Can't think of what else there could have been in Europe at that time worthy of being called a "city," though someone can feel free to correct me; I'm certainly not an expert with that time period.
Sure there were. Mostly around the Balkans, where there were many (Athens, Argos, Plovdiv maybe, Lefkandi, Knossos, Kydonia, Thebes), though Larnaca and Nicosia in Cyprus both date to the 2nd millennium BC (going to ignore that the site puts Cyprus in Asia for a second), Lisbon dates to 1200 BC, Cadiz is Spain was settled by Phoenicians in 1100 BC, and there were other cities and settlements here and there. Rome also dates back to at least the 8th century BC and probably much earlier in the form of many unconnected settlements, but didn't really agglomerate into a proper city until the 700s (BC). The biggest problem with guessing the sizes of cities 3000 years ago is that prior to the Romans there weren't many good record keepers.
Should 'Salonica' be accepted for Thessaloniki?
Great quiz. Regensburg and Ohrid are seriously obscure – I’m not sure I’ve seen any answer score that low.
Scoring You scored 20/38 = 53%. This beats or equals 62.3% of test takers The average score is 18 Your high score is 20 not sure if it is good or bad but this quiz I really enjoyed.
How is Athens not in any of these lists. I thought it's been a big city since antiquity.
It's been a city since antiquity but after being conquered by the Romans it became a pretty insignificant (at times almost totally deserted) backwater straight up until very recently. Becoming the capital of the new nation-state of Greece put it back on the map, but, for example, in 1833, the year after Greek independence, the population of Athens was only 4,000 people according to Wikipedia. Barely bigger than the one-stoplight village in rural Illinois one of my exes grew up in.
The last time that Athens could have been considered a major city was maybe 396 AD when it was sacked by Alaric the Visigoth, if not much earlier (the Macedonian conquest of Athens was 338 BC). Anyway, definitely long before 1000 AD. Europe has a long history.
Bit surprised Antwerp is missing... apparently their golden age started only after 1500, and ended before 1600.
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Bay Journal - Article: Your local Project Stream Cleanup needs you this spring!
Your local Project Stream Cleanup needs you this spring!
As I reach the halfway point for my Chesapeake Conservation Corps year with the Alliance for the Chesapeake Bay, I find myself reflecting on what it is that has made my past six months so special.
A large number of the great memories comes from the amazing people I work with, as well as the gratifying, hands-on work that I get to be a part of, including attending Project Clean Stream events around the watershed.
The project is at the core of the Alliance’s mission because it engages the public in helping to restore and protect the Bay watershed’s land and waterways through local volunteer cleanups.
The last Project Clean Stream cleanup I participated in took place at Baltimore’s Hanlon Park Community. Victor Ukpolo Jr., a concerned community member, organized and registered the event and served as the site captain. The 30-degree temperature that Saturday had failed to stop volunteers from showing up and powering through the cold to collect bags and bags of trash. Hands-on experiences like this enable volunteers to see the damage caused by trash and the benefits of picking it up.
Project Clean Stream not only improves the beauty of surrounding areas and health of waterways, it also encourages neighborhoods, towns and cities in the Chesapeake watershed to work toward fostering environmental stewardship in the community. The Alliance’s goal is to provide technical support to local groups to help them coordinate their own trash cleanup, rally volunteers and properly dispose of the trash. People attending these cleanups are inspired to reduce the amount of trash they create and are encouraged to continue to care for their local waterway.
“Why do people have to use plastic?” asked Charlotte, a 10-year-old volunteer at Hanlon Park as she placed a plastic water bottle that had been buried in the dirt into her trash bag. I told her that there isn’t a good reason for people using plastic, but I thanked her for her help and told her she should tell all of her friends about how she spent her Saturday cleaning up her local stream. When Charlotte left that day, she ran up to me to tell me she would be sure to share with all of her friends how she cleaned up her local stream, and how water bottles and other trash can end up littering our streams and the Bay.
While Project Clean Stream takes place year-round, spring is just around the corner, which that means that we are beginning to prepare for a busy season of Earth Day events, stream cleanups, tree plantings and more.
Beautiful weather and blooming flowers make spring a popular season for people to get outside and participate in community service that works toward creating a healthier planet. This includes thousands of volunteers participating in watershedwide Project Clean Stream events.
To celebrate spring and kick off a year full of stream cleanups, the Alliance is presenting All Hands on Deck Day on Saturday, April 6, and will be hosting an open house at our headquarters in Annapolis. The open house is a chance to meet Alliance staff and learn about our work in Maryland as well as across the watershed. We will also be giving away native plants to educate the public about how and why these species contribute to a healthier Chesapeake watershed.
The Alliance encourages community engagement and environmental stewardship, and April 6 is just the start. Project Clean Stream could not be what it is today without team leaders like Ukpolo, who volunteer as site captains for local cleanup sites. Site captains are the volunteers who identify the trash-covered areas, register them on our website, then work to spread the word about the event and rally volunteers.
of the most important aspect of Project Clean Stream — working with community members to help them recognize the negative impact of litter and why it is important to prevent trash from reaching local waterways, which Charlotte realized after filling an entire bag with trash she collected all by herself.
It is simple and easy to register a site that you think needs some attention. We recognize that not everyone has the time to take the lead on a cleanup event. This spring, we encourage local stewards to visit our Project Clean Stream website, and to search the existing cleanups for one near them. Be sure to check back periodically as more events are registered each week.
If you would like to learn more about Project Clean Stream and how to get involved as a volunteer, site captain or coordinator organization, visit allianceforthebay.org/projectcleanstream.
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There are ways you can eat whatever you want and substitute with healthy options that will satisfy your taste buds. Here are some tips and tricks.
1. To substitute sugar, have dates or other fruits, Prunes or raisins can also curb your cravings for sugar. Make your milkshakes with dates instead of sugar. Or add other fruits like strawberries, apples, etc.
2. Spread avocado paste or mint chutney on your sandwiches instead of butter and mayo.
3. Try baking instead of frying. If you want to have french fries, try to bake long, nicely cut zucchini.
4. Make your own dips like hung curd or Greek yogurt,etc.
5. Freeze grapes and eat them like candy.
6. Instead of adding starch and cream to soup to make them thick, add potatoes.
7. Have quinoa instead of rice.
8. Use lettuce instead of tortillas.
9. Make flour less brownie and cake using black beans instead of flour.
10. Instead of sugar loaded mock tails, go for fresh lime, load it with slices of cucumber or mint.
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Which is the lowest point on earth?
The lowest point on land is the Dead Sea . The Dead Sea is a large salt lake , on the border between Israel and Jordan, and the basin is located at the lowest point on Earth. It is a terminal lake , meaning that it has no emissaries , and is fed by the waters of the Jordan. The degree of salinity is much higher than that of the oceans, which prevents almost all forms of life . There are in fact only microorganisms , algae and one species of shrimp , but there are also rich mineral reserves . In historical documents, the Dead Sea is indicated by various names : Sea Salt , Sea and Sea of Destiny Aggressive . The Dead Sea in Palestine , on the border between the state of Israel and Jordan , is the lowest point in the world , being approximately 395 meters below the sea level.
The Dead Sea is a sea no outlet , which is a terminal lake which for thousands of years has received the waters of the Jordan River and other smaller rivers , such as the river Arnon.
– The Dead Sea , lying nearly 400 feet below sea level rise , has no emissaries and all the water is coming progressively. In addition, losses due to the strong evaporation because of the hot, arid climate and low rainfall, have favored the concentration over time of a huge amount and characteristic of salts.
The Northern Lights, as the name suggests, are especially related to the polar regions. They occur most frequently in a belt of radius 2500 km centered on the magnetic north pole. This so-called auroral zone extends over northern Scandinavia, Island, the southern tip of Greenland and continuing over northern Canada, Alaska and along the northern coast of Siberia. The coasts of the Norwegian counties of Troms and Finnmark lay where occurrence is greatest, making northern Norway, due to its ease of access and mild winter climate, an attractive destination for people interested in observing this atmospheric phenomenon.
The Northern Lights can be seen from regions both north and south of the auroral zone, but the likelihood decreases with distance. There is a corresponding auroral zone around the southern magnetic pole, but these ‘Southern Lights’ are largely only seen from Antarctica and the surrounding ocean. Of the populated regions in the southern hemisphere, the Southern Lights, may only be glimpsed from Tasmania and southern New Zealand. The Northern and Southern Lights occur simultaneously and are almost mirror images of each other.
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Is my weight loss plateau to do with fluid retention?
Weight fluctuations during a day can occur through variables as simple as eating, going to the loo (or not), changes in body temperature and hormones. I would recommend you don’t weight yourself more than once a day and always do it at the same time of day/night to suit you. Fluctuations in a given day are not important at 20 years of age and fluid retention is extremely unlikely given your exercise level, calorie intake, age, weight, height and health.
The body goes through natural slows in weight loss as the human body does not want to be in a negative, calorie deficit state for prolonged periods so even when we do everything right for creating the best environment for weight loss we do get plateaus.
With relation to your exercise, the intervals sound good but I would also recommend you mix it up with longer, slower runs as well as pyramid-type and hill-style workouts. Variety is key to stop your body getting use to the demand you give it (as this reduces calories burned for the same activity, as the body adapts and becomes more efficient). If you could incorporate classes or bodyweight strength circuits this would also be a great way to get you past this plateau.
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The Newt Q&A: Ted Cruz should spend "more time being nice"
Newt Gingrich was the speaker of the House – and the face of the Republican Party – for the last and longest government shutdown. In the 18 years since, he survived an attempted ouster by now-Speaker John Boehner before resigning after the ’98 midterms, mounted a colorful presidential campaign in 2012 and this fall joined CNN as host of the relaunched "Crossfire." In a Friday interview with Salon, Gingrich offered advice for Boehner and Sen. Ted Cruz; defended his comments on Obama and the “Kenyan anti-colonial mentality”; and urged Republicans to refuse to deal with Obama unless he fires an adviser for comparing them to terrorists. What follows is a condensed version of our conversation.
How would you rate Ted Cruz's effectiveness at pulling the Republican leadership in his direction over the past several weeks?
Well, I think there have been a group of them – Mike Lee, Rand Paul. I think they clearly have moved the center of gravity of the party in Congress a reasonable distance.
In the process, Ted Cruz has made some enemies … is his strategy working at this point?
Well, look: I think he is very aggressive, and very confident, and that rubs some of his elders wrong. And not only do they dislike what he’s doing, they dislike his style. And that’s something he’s going to have to think through. I certainly had a fair number of people here back in – pull the clips – I had a fair number of people who deeply disliked me, and deeply disliked what I was doing, all the way up toward becoming a majority. Many of whom were then glad to become chairmen.
Do you think what he’s doing will be good for Republicans in the long term?
Yes. I think he is making noise, which this party has to learn to do. I think he is laying out a particular position that a substantial part of the country agrees with, and I think it’s healthy for a party of opposition to have fights about what it believes and what it’s doing.
If you were in Ted Cruz’s position, is there anything you would do differently?
Spend a lot more time being nice to my colleagues.
Any particular way in which you think he hasn’t done that so far?
Not necessarily. I mean, if you’re asking – I spent a great deal of time helping people, working with people, trying to figure out what they needed and what they were doing. Because I knew if I was going to push them, I had to also build up a reservoir of good will, so they would tolerate it.
Speaker Boehner, is he leading the House Republicans at this point?
He said the other day in a press conference, which I was very grateful for, that he actually was following a sign that I had on my desk when I was speaker, which is “listen, learn, help and lead” -- in that order. And I would say in that sense he’s doing exactly what I would have done. He’s listening to the conference, which is in evolution. He’s trying to sort out how to lead the whole conference, not just one faction or the other. That means he inevitably has to evolve and change his own position, because that’s where we are.
If he were to bring a clean CR [Continuing Resolution] at this point and allow a vote, do you think he would then be in danger of losing his position?
I don’t know the vote count internally. But I think in the country, it would be an enormous disappointment to the activist wing of the party.
At that point do you think we would see a strong challenge to him?
I have no idea. I wrote a piece for CNN the other day where I said it would be a disaster if the House Republicans caved. Now that they’re in this fight, they have to prove to the president that they’re serious people.
What would count as a victory for them at this point?
Well, to start along with, the president deciding that he was under the Constitution and he’s gonna negotiate. He’d quit acting like a king. I mean, this is John at Runnymede all over again. The president’s prancing around saying give me what I want -- by the way, not just on the CR, give me what I want on the debt ceiling.
He doesn’t behave in any way as a collegial leader of a constitutional system in which he has to have the support of the Congress to get things done. He behaves as though stating his opinion and giving you an ultimatum is his idea of negotiation. And that’s what -- in one week, making three speeches attacking Republicans. Having a senior White House staffer describe Republicans as terrorists with body bombs strapped to their chest. I mean I would have called … and said if that person is still there, don’t expect us to deal with you at all.
So in other words you would have demanded that that staffer be fired?
As a condition for reopening the government, or as a condition for negotiations?
As a condition of doing anything with the White House.
You called "Kenyan, anti-colonial behavior," "the most accurate, predictive model for his behavior." Do you think events since then have proven that correct?
I think that the -- what I was citing was a very interesting book, which became a movie, which I think does give you some sense of the origins of some of, of his values. I mean, go back and read his Cairo speech, and look at reality, and ask yourself how could somebody have been that wrong. And I think it’s because he actually believed the mythology of the left.
And which values are those?
Well, that everybody’s ultimately nice, that everybody wants to have a democracy, that we can really all get along easily, that the U.S. has to be very cautious and restrained because, after all, all these nice people mean well.
And how is that related to “Kenyan anti-colonial behavior”?
Look, I would describe – well, go read the book! I was making a passing comment about a book which I found useful, and which described basically an academic belief system. Now since you know, you can decide if you agree with it or disagree with it, but that’s what it was based on.
And that view, do you think that view has been vindicated over the past year?
Well, OK, I’m trying to suggest to you, first of all, I have no idea. I don’t spend a lot of time psychoanalyzing the president. I’m not going to spend a lot of time with you to set up some kind of absurdity. The fact is, I was citing a particular book I thought was helpful. You might want to read that book and decide if it’s helpful.
You mean like making his Syria announcement and going to golf? Would that be an example?
So are you saying that that reinforced that argument for you?
I don’t think this is a president who takes seriously the hard, difficult work of trying to get people to voluntarily agree to anything. This is a president who lives his life as an orator, and if the oratory works he’s happy, and if it doesn’t work he just has more oratory.
Is it your view that the president is lazy?
I have no idea. It’s my view that the president doesn’t believe that he is within the framework of people who get elected to help run America. [He believes] that he’s above them. That they should do what he wants or he’ll attack them and that he’s clever and a good orator so he can attack … That’s my view.
Go read the speeches. As painful as it would be for you, pretend that you’re a Republican. Read the speeches and ask yourself how would you feel? Is this a guy you’d want to work with?
And when you talk about “part-time,” or needing to “go play basketball” or “watch ESPN,” people who say that that’s indulging in a racial stereotype about the president – what’s your response to that?
That they’re insane. Look, the vast majority of the people who watch ESPN are not black, OK? Can we start with that fact? The vast majority of people who watched the Final Four were not black. So why is it they have to default to racism in order to attack someone?
Yes, exactly. They live in a world where they think, instead of analyzing or defending or thinking, yell racism. And then the other side’s supposed to melt and go away.
And do you think there’s a reason that you often are accused of this, as compared to other Republicans?
I’ll let you decide. I think mostly it’s an absurdity and I think most people in America are tired of it, and think it’s a very tired old dodge.
And when you’ve talked about the president behaving in a way that’s “almost unconstitutional,” or acting like “a king,” does that suggest that we’re going to see some kind of impeachment fight in this term?
We shouldn’t, unless he’s very foolish. You know, I would think if they actually tried to waive the debt ceiling by executive order, that would be extraordinary … The point I’d ask you is, why does he refuse to behave like a normal president? Why does he refuse to -- you know, from Dwight Eisenhower on we’ve added things to the debt ceiling. Why does he think he’s above this?
If he did take the position that he could continue paying the bills after the debt ceiling hasn’t been raised, would you support impeachment at that point?
No, I think at that point the Congress would be faced with a serious problem and I’m not prescribing anything. I’m just saying that would be a step so extraordinary … you’d have to ask yourself what under our system are the legitimate choices. That would in effect escalate the conflict dramatically.
And what would be the legitimate choices then?
Well, the first thing goes back to money. Now look, I’m not going to try to give you some cheap headline, which is exactly what you’re angling for. I’m happy to have a serious conversation and hope you’ll actually think about it. I have little belief in that. So I’m not going to give you some easy headline.
So what do you believe is going to be the resolution of this shutdown?
The president is going to agree to negotiate. In the end, he has no choice under the Constitution. And when he’s done posturing he’ll negotiate. The question is how much damage he’ll do between now and then.
You’ve talked about the situation at the memorials in terms of veterans not being able to visit. How does that compare to the funding for the WIC program or Head Start, that depend on federal funding?
And so the question I have for you is, if they pass WIC, free and clear, nothing on it, will Harry Reid bring it up? Will anybody at Salon call Harry Reid and ask why he’s blocking all of these and won’t even let them come to a vote? And he of course suffers no consequence, because he’s a liberal Democrat.
I think they will presently pass Head Start funding, free and clear.
And so how is this playing out so far in comparison to 1995 and 1996?
Not dramatically different … You know, the news media was hysterical, the country was all right, our base thought we were doing the right thing. And in the end, we were the first reelected Republicans [House majority] since 1928.
So going forward, should John Boehner pass budget bills or compromises that don’t get majority support from Republicans in the House? Should he allow them to come to a vote?
No. No. No, I don’t say it has to be a majority within Republicans. He doesn’t have to get 218 Republicans. But he has to have an absolute fairly large majority within the conference. There are 230 members in the conference, and I would say he shouldn’t bring up any bill that doesn’t get at least 160 or 180 votes.
On the budget specifically, or in general?
On anything. Because then you cease to be the party leader. I was in all sorts of meetings with [Democratic House Speaker] Tom Foley where he said … "I cannot bring up a bill that doesn’t have a majority of my caucus." And Boehner should have the same view. He doesn’t have to have 218 votes on his side, but he does have to have a pretty solid majority – I’d say somewhere in the 160 to 180 range.
And on past votes, has it been a mistake when the speaker brought things up that didn’t have majority support in the caucus?
I don’t remember him ever doing it.
Look, it’s very dangerous for a party leader in either party to reject a majority of their own party. That’s why “listen, learn, help and lead” is a really good model for the speakership.
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Cats: a source of positive interaction.
Therapy cats are particularly useful to patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease. The positive interaction between the cat and the patient stimulates memory and emotions.
Animal or pet therapy is also beneficial since animals are known to adapt to new or varying situations. Unconditional love and instant positive responses such as cat purring or cuddling evokes a state of well being in humans.
Many patients that personally own dogs or cats tend to have longer lives, due to the need to care for their pets. This is especially true for cancer patients or people who are terminally ill, as the feeling of responsibility appears to lead to better survival rates.
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Julie Claire Hesmondhalgh (born 25 February 1970) is an English actress, known for her role as Hayley Cropper in the ITV soap opera Coronation Street between 1998 and 2014. For this role, she won Best Serial Drama Performance at the 2014 National Television Awards and Best Actress at the 2014 British Soap Awards.
Hesmondhalgh's other regular television roles include Cucumber (2015), Happy Valley (2016), and Broadchurch (2017). Her stage credits include God Bless the Child at the Royal Court Theatre in London (2014), and Wit at the Royal Exchange, Manchester (2016).
In 2019 Methuen Drama published her Working Diary as part of their Theatre Makers series.
She is, with writer Becx Harrison and visual artist Grant Archer, co-founder of Take Back, a Manchester based theatre collective dedicated to making script in hand rapid responses to social and political events.
Hesmondhalgh was born in Accrington, Lancashire. She applied to drama school aged 18, and studied at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art from 1988 to 1991 (one of her classmates was Benito Martinez). On finishing her training, Hesmondhalgh was a part of Arts Threshold, a small independent theatre in London, for several years, and worked with Rufus Norris in his directorial debut. In the 1990s, she appeared in such television dramas as The Bill, Catherine Cookson's The Dwelling Place, and in the Victoria Wood comedic television movie Pat and Margaret.
Hesmondhalgh is best known for playing Hayley Cropper in the ITV soap opera Coronation Street. Making her first appearance on the show in 1998, she played the first transgender character in a British serial. She took time off from the soap between 2000 and 2001 to give birth to her first daughter. After nearly ten years on the show, Hesmondhalgh decided to take another break for a year in order to spend more time with her family. She left on 22 October 2007, but returned on 17 November 2008. On 24 December 2011, Hesmondhalgh appeared on ITV's The Cube, winning £20,000 for her Accrington-based anti-poverty charity, Maundy Relief.
Her character Hayley was involved in high-profile storylines, including one concerning a gender transition, and a hostage storyline in the Underworld factory in which Hayley and Carla Connor (Alison King) were kidnapped, bound and gagged by Tony Gordon, who intended to murder them, although they escaped. On 11 January 2013, ITV announced that Hesmondhalgh would be leaving Coronation Street in January 2014 after 15 years in the show, and that her character Hayley was to leave in a controversial right-to-die storyline, following a battle with pancreatic cancer. She filmed her final scenes on 18 November 2013; they aired on 22 January 2014, the night she won a National Television Award for Best Performance in a Serial Drama, which she shared with her longtime co-star, David Neilson. She worked with pancreatic cancer charities to raise awareness of the disease, and was involved in a petition and attended a parliamentary debate on the subject in 2014.
On 1 May 2013, Hesmondhalgh appeared on ITV game show All Star Mr & Mrs with husband Ian, and won £20,000 for Maundy Relief.
From 22 January 2015, Hesmondhalgh played the role of Cleo Whitaker in the Channel 4 drama series Cucumber, written by Russell T Davies. She also appeared in the BBC Four film Black Roses: The Killing of Sophie Lancaster, a television film about the murder of Sophie Lancaster. Hesmondhalgh played the role of Sophie's mother, Sylvia Lancaster, a role which she previously portrayed on stage. Hesmondhalgh is friends with Sylvia Lancaster and patron of the Sophie Lancaster Foundation. In 2015, Hesmondhalgh won a Royal Television Society Award for Best Female Actor in a Drama for her role as Sylvia.
In 2015, she appeared in an episode of the BBC drama Moving On, with Shane Richie and John Thomson, as well as the one episode of Inside No 9, written by Steve Pemberton and Reece Shearsmith.
In 2016, Hesmondhalgh joined the cast of acclaimed drama thriller Happy Valley for its second series on BBC One. She was offered the role by creator, writer and executive producer Sally Wainwright. Hesmondhalgh's character Amanda Wadsworth, is a midwife and working mother from Yorkshire who has a fraught relationship with her husband, John (Kevin Doyle).
In 2017, Hesmondhalgh played the lead role of Trish in the third and final series of Broadchurch on ITV.
In 2018, she was announced as a guest star in the Doctor Who episode "Kerblam!".
In 2019, she played Amanda in the first episode of the final season of Channel 4's Catastrophe with Rob Delaney and Sharon Horgan. In March 2019 it was announced that she would be appearing in new six part ITV comedy drama Glasshouses with Dawn French.
From 19 to 29 September 2012, Hesmondhalgh appeared at the Royal Exchange Theatre in Manchester, portraying Sylvia Lancaster in Black Roses: The Killing of Sophie Lancaster opposite Rachel Austin. The play was based on the real-life story of Sylvia's late daughter, Sophie Lancaster. Hesmondhalgh won a Manchester Theatre Award for Best Studio Performance in 2013, and is patron of the Sophie Lancaster Foundation.
On 23 January 2014, she returned to the Royal Exchange Theatre for her first role since leaving Coronation Street, in the Simon Stephens play Blindsided, which ran until 15 February. From 12 November to 20 December 2014, she appeared in God Bless The Child at the Royal Court Theatre in London, directed by Vicky Featherstone, playing Mrs Bradley, with Amanda Abbington.
In June 2015, Hesmondhalgh performed a script-in-hand scratch performance of her first one-woman play, These I Love, at Gulliver's in Manchester.
In January 2016, she played Vivian Bearing, an American Professor of Poetry dying of ovarian cancer, in Margaret Edson's Wit at The Royal Exchange main stage, directed by Raz Shaw, for which she was nominated for a TMA and won a Manchester Theatre Award for Best Female Performance.
She is a founder member of a Manchester-based grassroots theatre company creating work about social issues, Take Back, which she runs with Rebekah Harrison and Grant Archer, and to which she has contributed as a writer and actor. She is a member of The Gap collective, a new writing company in Manchester and performed their first gala performance at Halle St Peters in September 2015, in a piece by husband Ian Kershaw.
On 30 April 2017, Hesmondhalgh starred in a one-off performance at the Royal Court Theatre, of Lemn Sissay's The Report, directed by John E. McGrath.
She is a supporter of Arts Emergency and a mentor with the National Youth Theatre Rep Company.
Hesmondhalgh is married to screenwriter Ian Kershaw. The couple live in Tameside with their two daughters.
Hesmondhalgh is a Labour Party member. In August 2015, she endorsed Jeremy Corbyn's campaign in the Labour Party leadership election. She tweeted: "Proudly supporting Jeremy Corbyn in the Labour leadership contest." She campaigned for Corbyn as party leader in the 2017 UK general election. In May 2017, speaking at Labour's general election campaign launch in Manchester, she said: "I realised the Labour party and its core values would finally be in line with my own deeply held socialist beliefs about equality, justice and peace."
In 2019 she set up the group 500 Acts of Kindness, a fundraising community where 500 members donate a pound a week to give to an individual, group, family or organisation in need.
The Bill Jo TV Episode: "No Job for an Amateur"
1997 The Bill Doctor Episode: "Do Unto Others"
1998 Dalziel and Pascoe Wendy Walker Episode titled "The Wood Beyond"
Inside No. 9 Kath Cook 1 episode: "La Couchette"
Closets Penny Film 20 minute short.
Moving On Linda 1 episode: "Taxi for Linda"
2018 Doctor Who Judy Maddox Episode: "Kerblam!"
^ Gillings, Samantha (28 November 2000). "Answer me: Getting personal with ... Hayley Cropper". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 February 2012.
^ Chantler, Paul; Stewart, Peter (1 November 2009). Essential Radio Journalism: How to Produce and Present Radio News. A&C Black. p. 179. ISBN 978-0-7136-8874-0. Retrieved 6 July 2011.
^ "Transgender: A History". AlbertaTrans.org. 2007. Archived from the original on 26 October 2008. Retrieved 16 December 2008.
^ "Goodbye Hayley". ITV. 17 January 2013. Archived from the original on 17 January 2013.
^ Bourne, Dianne (12 June 2014). "Julie Hesmondhalgh all smiles as she films new drama Cucumber in Manchester". Manchester Evening News.
^ "Interview with Julie Hesmondhalgh". bbc.co.uk. BBC Press Office. 19 January 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
^ "New cast members for Broadchurch 3 announced ahead of filming of the final series". ITV. 12 April 2016.
^ Tobin, Christian (4 November 2018). "Doctor Who series 11 episodes 7 and 8 feature the galaxy's biggest shop and 17th century witch trials". Digital Spy.
^ "Julie Hesmondhalgh to read Lemn Sissay's The Report at the Royal Court". Whats on Stage. 7 April 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
^ a b "Broadchurch actor introduces Jeremy Corbyn at Labour campaign launch – video". The Guardian. 9 May 2017. Retrieved 14 June 2017.
^ Hesmondhalgh, Julie (15 August 2015). "Proudly supporting Jeremy Corbyn in the Labour leadership contest". Twitter. Retrieved 15 July 2017.
^ Bloom, Dan; Milne, Oliver (9 May 2017). "Corrie star Julie Hesmondhalgh backs Jeremy Corbyn in tub-thumping speech saying he'll make Britain 'give a toss'". Daily Mirror. Retrieved 14 June 2017.
^ "Trans Media Watch – Supporters". Trans Media Watch. 2011. Retrieved 12 November 2011.
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Is there such a thing as a stoat funeral procession?
There is a persistent and long-standing belief in rural areas that Stoats conduct funerals for their deceased colleagues. Some people claim to have seen such a funeral with Stoats carrying the dead remains of an individual followed by other members of their kind in procession. While funeral processions have been seen nobody has claimed to have witnessed an actual burial.
There is no reason to disbelieve people who claim to have seen unusual Stoat behaviour. They obviously saw something but exactly what it was and how it can be interpreted is another matter entirely.
Before coming to that, it is probably worth repeated that there are no Weasels in Ireland. Our weasel-like animal is the Irish Stoat, a distinct native sub-species. Interestingly, legends of Weasel funerals exist throughout Britain.
I saw a Stoat 'funeral' only once in my lifetime of nature watching. By chance, I happened to disturb an adult Stoat carrying remains. However, there was no other Stoat in the funeral procession. The movements of the bearer of the remains were so quick and jerky it was difficult to make out what she was carrying.
As luck would have it, she dropped the remains and bolted for cover. On close examination, the remains were those of a new-born Rabbit, small, pink, naked and its eyes tightly closed. So, rather than witnessing one of the legendary Stoat funerals, what I happened upon was Stoat dinner-time with the predator heading home with a Rabbit take-away.
Stoats are known to be highly territorial, so it would be unusual for them to gather in a group and tolerate each other's presence. The only time a group is likely to be seen is a mother with her litter of ten possibly twelve dependent young.
The most likely explanation for group behaviour is for an entire litter of hungry young to leave their nest and greet and follow their mother as she returns home dragging a rat, bird or young rabbit for the family to feast on. It is, of course, possible that an injured, dead or dying individual may be dragged away by other family members for some reason.
So, the idea of Stoats processing in a funeral cortege carrying a fallen colleague has no basis in reality unless and until someone produces clear video evidence of a funeral with Stoats carrying the dead remains of an individual followed by other members of their kind in solemn procession.
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Planning a vacation with children in mind is a lot different from when planning a vacation just for adults. While sunning yourself all day on the beach sipping cocktails is all well and good, if you have children they are going to get bored doing this all day. However, that is not to say that you cannot have a great vacation with the family and here are some great ideas for fun family vacations.
The Caribbean is a perfect place for a vacation for the whole family and one of the most exciting regions for people with children is Dominica in the West Indies.
Dominica is known as the nature island due to the fact that it is home to white and black sand beaches and offers more than 300 miles rainforest and trails to hike and for children to explore. If your children like the outdoors this may be the perfect place. There is a sea turtle program for children to get involved in, including the release of baby turtles. The Morne Trois Pitons National Park is home to stunning waterfalls and volcanoes and more, all of which are perfect for the family who loves to be active and enjoy all that Mother Nature offers.
How about a camping vacation for the whole family? Travel to Clayoquot Sound in British Columbia and the whole family can go camping in style at the Wilderness Resort.
The Clayoquot Wilderness Resort is among the most fun vacations for the whole family, and while this is camping, it is camping in luxury, with private showers, luxury tents and more than enough at hand to keep both the children and adults amused. Children and parents can enjoy sailing, fishing, whale watching, mountain bike riding, walking, surfing and rock climbing, and this is just the start. The resort is set in a temperate rainforest and is home to plenty of wildlife and at the end of a busy day, the children will sleep like a log while the adults can relax on their own private deck.
No mention of a vacation for the family is complete without a theme park and the Magic Kingdom Park in Orlando in Florida is on the list for this reason.
Children of all ages cannot get enough of the magic that is Disney and the Magic Kingdom offers plenty of that. Children can get up close and personal with many of their favorite characters, including Cinderella and her castle to Mickey Mouse, Goofy and the Pirates of the Caribbean.
The Aulani is a resort from Disney and it comprises of 460 villas and 359 hotel rooms, with picturesque green mountains behind and near to the Pacific Ocean.
This may be a perfect choice for those with babies and young children as the resort offer cabanas for breast-feeding with views out over the beach and are ideal for getting out of the hot sun with your young ones. The spa at the resort offers massage classes for infants and if and when you need to take a break away from the children there is Aunty Beach House, where children 3 and over are watched over and entertained for free. The shop on the resort caters for children and strollers can be hired.
These are just a few of many great ideas for fun family vacations, hope you find your perfect vacaton.
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Verb. 1: to encourage someone. 2: to strive to achieve something. Noun. The act of striving to achieve something.
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William III, famous people from .
William III (William Of Orange) was born on the 4th November 1650 at the Hague, son of William Prince of Orange and Mary Stuart who was the eldest daughter of Charles I. Sadly William's father died just before he was born and his mother died when he was just 9 years old, so at a very early stage in his life he became independent. The arranged marriage between the first cousins was set up by Charles I, and so it was that William married Mary , who was the daughter of James II and his first wife Anne Hyde. They married on the 4th November 1677, she was not entirely pleased about the match as she was twelve years his junior, and his demeanour and looks failed to thrill her.
The crown was offered jointly to William and Mary after a succession of events, William was invited over to England and arrived in the November of 1688 at the request of Parliament, who had appealed to William to rescue England and way lay a Catholic take over, he amassed a huge Armada which landed at Brixham, near Torbay in Devon James II decided to retreat to France, where he felt safer, it was then deemed that James had in fact abdicated, although he only ever made one attempt to try to regain his crown, but was at that time bitterly defeated at the Battle of Boyne, he was destined to live the rest of his life, in exile in France.
The joint reign of William and Mary took effect in February 1689 whereby they succeeded James, they reigned over England, Scotland and Ireland. Their Coronation took place on the 11th April 1689 at Westminster Abbey.
They changed the face of the monarchy when they signed the Bill Of Rights, they lost their supremacy to Parliament, which restricted the use of Royal Rights, an income was set, the laws changed whereby they were unable to gather an army without the approval of Parliament, and the Bank Of England was introduced. The Settlement Act came into force which forbade wars, without Parliament's approval.
William did not enjoy robust health and was bothered by the incessant smog of the city, they moved together with their Court to Hampton Court Palace in Richmond, Richmond upon Thames on the outer edge of London, two sets of apartments and many changes were undertaken, Christopher Wren worked his magic with stunning architecture and sumptuous decoration.
William had spent much of his time abroad on military campaigns and left Mary to rule, she became a popular Queen, and, at the age of just 32years, she died in 1694 after contracting Smallpox. He continued to reign, alone, over England, Scotland and Ireland, until whilst hunting in the grounds of Hampton Court Palace, Richmond Park, his horse fell and he suffered injuries, although they healed he contracted a chest infection, which resulted in his death on the 8th March, 1702 at Kensington Palace, he was buried at midnight in Westminster Abbey.
Contributors: Do you have a site related to William III?
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Describe the Collection in One Sentence: Relaxed, silk dresses in a myriadof different shapes and colors. Very wearable!
Favorite Look: The grey and blue dress with the knotted front.
Who is Wearing the Collection? A modern woman who wants to look great, but still be comfortable.
Spotted at the Show: Maggie Rizer and Leigh Lezark.
Soundtrack Highlights: Space-agey sounds over moody soft singing.
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The string landscape might be a fascinating idea that's full of theoretical potential, but it doesn't predict anything that we can observe in our Universe. This idea of beauty, motivated by solving 'unnatural' problems, is not enough on its own to rise to the level required by science.
The history of physics is filled with great ideas that you've heard of, like the Standard Model, the Big Bang, General Relativity, and so on. But it's also filled with brilliant ideas that you probably haven't heard of, like the Sakata Model, Technicolor theory, the Steady State Model, and Plasma Cosmology. Today, we have theories that are highly fashionable, but without any evidence for them: supersymmetry, grand unification, string theory, and the multiverse.
Because of the way the field is structured, mired in a sycophancy of ideas, careers in theoretical high-energy physics that focus on these topics are often successful. On the other hand, choosing other topics means going it alone. The idea of "beauty" or "naturalness" has been a guiding principle in physics for a long time, and has led us to this point. In her new book, Lost In Math, Sabine Hossenfelder convincingly argues that continuing to adhere to this principle is exactly what's leading us astray.
The new book, Lost In Math, tackles some incredibly big ideas, including the notion that theoretical physics is mired in groupthink and the inability to confront their ideas with the harsh light of reality, which provides (thus far) no evidence to back them up.
Imagine you were given a hypothetical problem of picking two billionaires off of a list, and estimating the difference in their net worths. Imagine they're anonymous, and that you won't know which one is worth more, where they rank on the Forbes billionaires list, or how much either one is actually worth at the moment.
We can call the first one A, the second one B, and the difference between them C, where A - B = C. Even without any other knowledge about them, there's one important thing you can state about C: it's very unlikely that it will be much, much smaller than A or B. In other words, if A and B are both in the billions of dollars, then it's likely that C will be in the billions, too, or at least in the hundreds of millions.
When you have two large numbers, in general, and take their difference, the difference will be of the same order of magnitude as the original numbers in question.
For example, A might be Pat Stryker (#703 on the list), worth, let's say, $3,592,327,960. And B might be David Geffen (#190), worth $8,467,103,235. The difference between them, or A - B, is then -$4,874,775,275. C has a 50/50 shot of being positive or negative, but in most cases, it's going to be of the same order of magnitude (within a factor of 10 or so) of both A and B.
But it won't always be. For example, most of the over 2,200 billionaires in the world are worth less than $2 billion, and there are hundreds worth between $1 billion and $1.2 billion. If you happened to pick two of them at random, it wouldn't surprise you terribly if the difference in their net worth was only a few tens of millions of dollars.
It might, however, surprise you if the difference between them was only a few thousand dollars, or was zero. "How unlikely," you'd think. But it might not be all that unlikely after all.
After all, you don't know which billionaires were on your list. Would you be shocked to learn the Winklevoss twins — Cameron and Tyler, the first Bitcoin billionaires — had identical net worths? Or that the Collison brothers, Patrick and John (co-founders of Stripe), were worth the same amount to within a few hundred dollars?
The masses of the quarks and leptons of the standard model. The heaviest standard model particle is the top quark; the lightest non-neutrino is the electron. The neutrinos themselves are at least 4 million times lighter than the electron: a bigger difference than exists between all the other particles. All the way at the other end of the scale, the Planck scale hovers at a foreboding 10^19 GeV.
This same property is true in physics. The electron, the lightest particle that makes up the atoms we find on Earth, is more than 300,000 times less massive than the top quark, the heaviest Standard Model particle. The neutrinos are at least four million times lighter than the electron, while the Planck mass — the so-called "natural" energy scale for the Universe — is some 1017 (or 100,000,000,000,000,000) times heavier than the top quark.
If you weren't aware of any underlying reason why these masses should be so different, you'd assume there was some reason for it. And maybe there is one. This type of thinking is known as a fine-tuning or "naturalness" argument. In its simplest form, it states that there ought to be some sort of physical explanation for why components of the Universe with very different properties ought to have those differences between them.
When symmetries are restored (at the top of the potential), unification occurs. However, the breaking of symmetries, at the bottom of the hill, corresponds to the Universe we have today, complete with new species of massive particles. At least, for some applications.
In the 20th century, physicists used naturalness arguments to great effect. One way to explain great differences in scale is to impose a symmetry at high energies, and then to study the consequences of breaking it at a lower energy. A number of great ideas came out of this reasoning, particularly in the field of particle physics. The gauge bosons in the electroweak force came about from this line of thought, as did the Higgs mechanism and, as was confirmed just a few years ago, the Higgs boson. The entire Standard Model was built on these types of symmetries and naturalness arguments, and nature happened to agree with our best theories.
The particles and antiparticles of the Standard Model have now all been directly detected, with the last holdout, the Higgs Boson, falling at the LHC earlier this decade.
and an upper limit to the temperature reached in the early, post-Big Bang Universe.
But despite the successes of these naturalness arguments, they don't always bear fruit.
There's an unnaturally small amount of CP-violation in the strong decays. The proposed solution (a new symmetry known as the Peccei-Quinn symmetry) has had zero of its new predictions confirmed. The difference in mass scale between the heaviest particle and the Planck scale (the hierarchy problem) was the motivation for supersymmetry; again, it's had zero of its predictions confirmed. The unnaturalness of the Standard Model has led to new symmetries in the form of Grand Unification and, more recently, String Theory, which (again) have had none of their predictions confirmed. And the unnaturally low-but-non-zero value of the cosmological constant has led to the predictions of a specific type of multiverse that cannot even be tested. This too, of course, is unconfirmed.
The Standard Model particles and their supersymmetric counterparts. Slightly under 50% of these particles have been discovered, and just over 50% have never showed a trace that they exist. In the aftermath of Runs I and II at the LHC, much of the interesting parameter space for SUSY is gone, including the simplest versions that satisfy the 'WIMP Miracle' criteria.
Yet unlike in the past, these dead-ends continue to represent the fields in which the leading theorists and experimentalists cluster to investigate. These blind alleys, which have borne no fruit for literally two generations of physicists, continue to attract funding and attention, despite possibly being disconnected from reality completely. In her new book, Lost In Math, Sabine Hossenfelder adroitly confronts this crisis head on, interviewing mainstream scientists, Nobel Laureates, and (non-crackpot) contrarians alike. You can feel her frustration, and also the desperation of many of the people she speaks with. The book answers the question of "have we let wishful thinking about what secrets nature holds cloud our judgment?" with a resounding "yes!"
An asymmetry between the bosons and anti-bosons common to grand unified theories like SU(5) unification could give rise to a fundamental asymmetry between matter and antimatter, similar to what we observe in our Universe. The experimental stability of the proton, however, rules out the simplest SU(5) GUTs.
The book is a wild, deep, thought-provoking read that would make any reasonable person in the field who's still capable of introspection doubt themselves. No one likes confronting the possibility of having wasted their lives chasing a phantasm of an idea, but that's what being a theorist is all about. You see a few pieces of an incomplete puzzle and guess what the full picture truly is; most times, you're wrong. Perhaps, in these cases, all our guesses have been wrong. In my favorite exchange, she interviews Steven Weinberg, who draws on his vast experience in physics to explain why naturalness arguments are good guides for theoretical physicists. But he only manages to convince us that they were good ideas for the classes of problems they previously succeeded at solving. There's no guarantee they'll be good guideposts for the current problems; in fact, they demonstrably have not been.
A 2-D projection of a Calabi-Yau manifold, one popular method of compactifying the extra, unwanted dimensions of String Theory. The Maldacena conjecture says that anti-de Sitter space is mathematically dual to conformal field theories in one fewer dimension. This may not hold any relevance for the physics of our Universe.
If you are a theoretical particle physicist, a string theorist, or a phenomenologist — particularly if you suffer from cognitive dissonance — you will not like this book. If you are a true believer in naturalness as the guiding light of theoretical physics, this book will irritate you tremendously. But if you're someone who isn't afraid to ask that big question of "are we doing it all wrong," the answer might be a big, uncomfortable "yes." Those of us who are intellectually honest physicists have been living with this discomfort for many decades now. In Sabine's book, Lost In Math, this discomfort is now made accessible to the rest of us.
* — Full disclosure: Ethan Siegel received a review copy of Lost In Math at no charge.
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What specific genes have been linked to antisocial traits?
One gene that has received a fair amount of attention is known as monoamine oxydase A (MAOA) and codes for an enzyme (also called MAOA) involved with the metabolism of key neurotransmitters involved with emotion and behavior, specifically serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. A variant of this gene reduces MAOA enzyme activity and is more common in antisocial individuals than in controls. It is likely, however, that this gene codes for impulsivity rather than antisocial behavior per se. Another gene, called-G1438A, is related to the 5HT2A subtype of the serotonin system. One variant (or polymorphism) of this gene, known as the G-allelle, is associated with increased rule breaking in adolescent boys, as shown in a 2009 study by S. Alexandra Burt. The other variant, known as the A-allelle, is associated with lower levels of rule breaking, and incidentally, lower levels of popularity with peers. In other words, boys with the G-allele were both bigger rule breakers and more popular.
Because of the criminal nature of the drug industry, competition between rival drug dealers is often a horribly violent affair, resulting in countless drug-related deaths. Some analysts believe that drugs should be made legal in order to reduce crime. Others believe legalizing drugs would only i2 increase drug addiction (iStock).
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Breakfast, to Eat or Not to Eat?
I’m back from Australia and struggling to resume my normal morning routine, which includes a leisurely breakfast before I leave for work. I know many people who skip breakfast, but I cannot function like a rational human being without it.
The first article was based on a study published in Physiology and Behavior that showed that normal weight participants who regularly eat breakfast did not overeat on days they skipped breakfast. In fact, they ended up eating a few hundred calories less.
Before you run out the door tomorrow morning with an empty stomach, please note that this study did not explore potential consequences associated with skipping breakfast, such as fatigue, irritability, inability to concentrate, weakness, or headaches. Nor did it consider what sort of food choices people made throughout the rest of the day. People who skip breakfast tend to crave foods high in sugar and fat.
Plus, one might be more likely to eat future meals too quickly, which can lead to all kinds of gastrointestinal issues, such as bloating, cramping, belching, and more.
The second article highlighted a study reported in the journal Circulation that found that skipping breakfast was associated with a higher risk of heart attack and death from coronary heart disease.
That may or may not be true, but either way it’s more often than not a good idea to start your day with a well-balanced breakfast full of nutritious foods.
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Sometimes when unwanted things happen, it is because you have things you want. Doesn't that make those "unwanted" things "wanted"?
My hair tries to imitate the dancing grass as the warm breeze blows over my face. The sounds of children laughing, the very ones I call my own, provide an ambient background to meaningful, yet silly conversation between mine and the one that is mine. The smell of hickory smoke complements the taste of the crimson wine. One child, smaller than the others, requests assistance to cross the towering monkey bars. I eagerly jump at the opportunity and make my way across the landscape. As the lush green grass tickles bare feet unaccustomed to such texture, déjà vu sets in.
A familiar sequence of events blur through my mind. At this very spot I proudly hoisted my youngest daughter upwards to what must have been one thousand feet in her eyes. She felt weightless as she quickly steamed across those polished blue bars. She was so proud at the finish, taunting her siblings because of her agility and quickness. She was proud, but not too proud. She still realized that she would need and want my help to complete the task once again. As I began to hear chants of hunger, I transversed my previous path until the soft grass turned to hard concrete. It was there that I realized my smiling wife had been threatened by small patches of dirt that would surely soil her white socks had she tried to make the same journey. Feeling apologetic for having left her behind, I lifted her onto my back and made my way towards the hissing meat that lie motionless above the fire. After providing a soft landing for my rider, I announced that dinner would begin soon. While tidying up and preparing our feast for the transit indoors, I realized that the children had slipped indoors without first taking their dirty shoes off. Surely it would take an hour to clean up the mess that clung to our carpet, but I was glad. I was glad that my children have legs for running and shoes to wear. I was glad that they are carefree because they are blessed enough to have food and a loving family. I was glad because should my wife and I tackle this task together, I may get the opportunity to stare into the eyes of the one I love while carrying out this otherwise daunting task.
I knew that the carpet would get soiled. This dream has accompanied me through many slumbers and the ending is just the same, as if the dream were being read from a book. As always, I realized what the outcome would be as soon as my feet touched the tickling grass, as if the tingling were a fountain of knowledge flowing into my body. Even though I know the outcome, I won't ever dare do anything to change it. Had my carpet not been soiled, it may have been a very different dream.
I awake to the calm quiet of a motionless room. The calendar on the otherwise bare wall marks twenty four days until I journey back to the place I call home. If I find myself removing dirty shoe prints from the carpet upon returning home, it would be blasphemy to say anything other than "I'm living the dream."
© Copyright 2019 brianhowell777. All rights reserved.
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A__________ and a ___________ are tennis equipment.
There are _____________footballers in a team.
____________is an individual sport, but ____________ is a team sport.
You need a __________ and a __________ to play golf.
In football, if you want to win, you should score at least a__________.
Beach volley is a _______________sport.
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If we were speaking in absolutes, and you had to choose one over the other, I would recommend prioritising lifting weights over cardio for a variety of reasons.
If you’re an absolute beginner, untrained and unfit, I would most definitely prioritise lifting weights over cardio. As a beginner, lifting weights alone will build muscle, help you get stronger and initially also increase your V02max. It’s also much more efficient for improving body composition than cardio.
It’s also known that the body’s adaptations to resistance and aerobic training are highly specific, so lifting weights will build or retain muscle while cardio training will likely improve VO2max.
So, if you were an elite power or physique focused athlete, such as a bodybuilder or powerlifter, it makes sense to keep cardio to a minimum for the purposes of building or retaining muscle and strength.
But if you’re like most people who don’t quite fall into either category, and you want to reap the benefits of improving your cardio metabolic health, and increase your aerobic capacity, then doing cardiovascular exercise is a viable option for you.
We know that short term, there isn’t much of a benefit seen in resistance training, and studies have shown that over the course of 12 weeks, a combination of both resistance training and cardiovascular training may be best for fat loss and overall “fitness”, which makes sense as to why it’s recommended to most people in the obese or overweight category.
However, we also know that the body adapts to both cardio and resistance training, and that you shouldn’t simply be looking at the immediate 12 weeks, but rather look at training as an ongoing thing. So, it makes sense to adjust your training program to your specific goals along the way.
Whenever we review scientific literature it’s important to remember that most conclusions are context dependent, and that we are often NOT speaking in absolutes.
So, it’s not really possible to make a blanket recommendation about whether or not everyone should or shouldn’t be doing cardio, but if you enjoy it, and it’s conducive to your overall goals, then keep it up. If you do cardio as part of your training to improve body composition, don’t get too caught up in the type of cardio you should do, as it also makes sense to do what you prefer.
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Equestrians also need their own set of gear for the competition. Each equestrian sport is unique which demand different skills from the rider. Their clothing is not just used for presentation but also to help them move freely during competitions. There are many types of clothing that equestrians need. There is corresponding clothing to protect the rider from head to foot. The main clothing of an equestrian are composed of riding hats, jackets, boots, jodhpurs and breeches, body protector, chaps and gaiters.
For a beginner it is essential to know each of this clothing. Each individual's preference may be different but it important to know the basics before buying any clothing. Horse back riding can be expensive and its clothing is not exemption. The most important clothing is the riding hat. Obviously it protects the riders from falls which can be experienced whether you are in or out of a competition.
Although horses can be trained they can still be unpredictable. The rider's clothing The riding hat It is the most important piece of clothing which offers protection for your head. These hats are made of a hard shell which is lined with a material that absorbs shock. This is essential to provide protection for the rider in case he or she falls. It's also important to wear them even though they are not riding because the horse may kick them instead. It's advisable to wear them when handling horses on the ground. If the rider suffers from a fall the hat should be replaced immediately. The fall can diminish the hat's protection. The protection also decreases over time as the padding compresses from daily use. Riding has should be replaced ever three to four years.
Three basic hats are available for the riders: The first one is the classic riding hat. It's a traditional velvet hat available brown, black, or navy. It has a hard peak. The second is the skull cap which is also referred to as the jockey cap. It has no peak and is usually worn by jockeys. It's now popular with other riders for leisure and competition. Silks which are peak covers can be placed over the skull cap. This gives them the appearance of a riding hat. There are also novelty silks available for children such as eyes and ears sewn on them. The third one is the skull protector.
It's a riding hat similar to a cycling helmet. It's very lightweight and ventilated. The hat is usually worn during the warm weather or summer. Riding hats have chin straps and should conform to the riding hat safety standards. The United Kingdom has 3 safety standards. Riding hats should follow one of these standards for optimum safety of the rider. The chin traps should be able to secure the hat safely and securely on the riders head. Riders should always remember to secure their hats. Beginners should also buy which is comfortable for them. Riding hats is a piece of equestrian clothing that should be regarded with importance.
Sever falls can be very fatal. Riding hats can decrease the severity of the injury of the rider. Rides should not buy a second hand riding hat. Although the damages cannot be seen from the outside it is most likely that they have reduced protection. Buy new hats for guaranteed protection. .
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How Do I Link a Honeywell Lyric Alarm System to HomeKit?
You can link a Honeywell Lyric Alarm System to HomeKit by downloading the Apple Home App on an iOS device and then following the in-app steps to pair the Lyric Panel. To do this, the Lyric must be on the latest firmware. Both the iOS device and the system must be on the same WIFI network.
1. Update the firmware. The Lyric must be running on the latest firmware version in order to successfully pair with HomeKit. The firmware for the system can be updated right from the panel.
Start from the main screen of the system. Go to Security > Tools > Installer Code (default 4112) > Update Firmware. The button will become greyed out, indicating that the command has been triggered.
Next, return to the home screen by pressing the picture of the house on the front of the panel below the display screen. If the panel was not already on the latest firmware, it will reboot to complete the update process. Alternatively, a firmware update can also be made by contacting your alarm monitoring company and having them manually push-down the update to the Lyric System.
2. Get the Home App. The Apple Home App is available for iOS devices only. It can be downloaded for free from the Apple App Store. The iOS device must be running iOS Version 10 or higher to support the Home App. The app can be identified by a yellow house with a white background.
3. Connect to WIFI. In order for the pairing process to work, both the Lyric Controller and the iOS device must be connected to the same WIFI network. Make sure that they are both on the same local network before continuing to the next step.
4. Pair the system. Open the Apple Home App. Select the plus (+) icon in the upper-right corner of the screen. Choose "Add Accessory". Then select the "Don't Have a Code or Can't Scan" option at the bottom.
Assuming that the Lyric has never been set up with HomeKit before and it is indeed on the same WIFI network as the iOS device, the Lyric System should be displayed underneath "Nearby Accessories". It can be identified with a name that begins with "LyricAIO".
Next, you must obtain the HomeKit Code for the Lyric. On the system, enter in the Master Code (default 1234) on the displayed keypad. Once the Master Code has been entered, an 8-digit code will be shown. This is the HomeKit Code. Enter this code into the Home App. The pairing process should begin, and the Lyric System will return to its home screen once the process is complete.
But if the Lyric has been paired with HomeKit previously, you must first reset the HomeKit settings for the system. This can be done from the Lyric Panel. Start from the main screen, and choose Security > Tools > Master Code (default 1234) > Advanced > Reset HomeKit. Then follow the steps outlined in the paragraph above to pair the system.
5. Finish integrating. Once the initial pairing has been completed, the Apple Home App will walk you through the remainder of the process. Follow the steps in the app to finish.
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How much do Youtubers make when one of their video has a lot of views (let's say 10K, 100K, one million, etc)?
YouTubers with big followings can make money in a few ways. They can earn money.when their followers watch the ads before their videos and through other ads on the channel. Some youtubers use their videos to promote projects they are affiliates for. They can be paid to conduct reviews of products on their channel.
Making Videos. From above, you could calculate that to have a YouTuber make a video and post it to their channel you would be paying roughly $10,000 for 100,000 views, which breaks down to $100 per 1,000 views. Running Video Ads.
Documenting your experiences, struggles and successes could potentially turn into the book OP mentioned he wanted to write?
Completely depends on your channel, I have seen channels with 1000s of subscribers but but earning less than small niche focused channels with fewer subscribers as compared to them.
Although, one can earn from adsense, that now completely depends on your niche, area, quality and other things, there is no specific answer as the question doesn't describe all the required focused audience details.
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What’s a joint bank account?
Essentially it means that two or more people have access to the account, and therefore the money in that account. Both or all account holders can pay into the account and withdraw cash (providing all have permission).
They’re mostly used but either married couple, or couples who live together, or housemates to pay bills.
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The Stochastic Point Location (SPL) problem introduced by Oommen can be summarized as searching for an unknown point in the interval under a possibly faulty feedback. The search is performed via a Learning Mechanism (LM) (algorithm) that interacts with a stochastic environment which in turn informs it about the direction of the search. Since the environment is stochastic, the guidance for directions could be faulty. The first solution to the SPL problem which was pioneered by Oommen two decades ago relies on discretizing the search interval and performing a controlled random walk on it. The state of the random walk at each step is considered to be the estimation of the point location. The convergence of the latter simplistic estimation strategy is proved for an infinite resolution. However, the latter strategy yields rather poor accuracy for low resolutions. In this paper, we present sophisticated tracking methods that outperform Oommen strategy . Our methods revolve around tracking some key statistical properties of the underlying random walk using the family of weak estimators. Furthermore, we address the settings where the point location is non-stationary, i.e. LM is searching with uncertainty for a (possibly moving) point in an interval. In such settings, asymptotic results are no longer applicable. Simulation results show that the proposed methods outperform Oommen method for estimating point location by reducing the estimated error up to 75%.
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The Finalist Teams, comprised of 18 to 25-year old creatives from around the world, will start the day with a mentoring session with 2015 Executive Jury members, who will help them polish their pitch. Finalist Teams will present their 60-Second Spot campaign before a panel of jury members, including representatives from The Project Solution and prominent judges recruited from the 2015 Executive Jury. The 2015 Grand Winning Team will be announced live at the New York Show gala on 21 May.
New York Festivals launched the Torch Awards in 2014 to champion young creative talent. The competition encourages creatives from the ages of 18 to 25 to take part in a unique competition that explores a creative challenge and offers mentor training on how to pitch their idea. This year's challenge is the 60-Second Spot. Based on a provided brief, entrants submitted their idea for a 60-second video for the 2015 non-profit partner, The Project Solution.
Torch Awards Jury members will determine the Grand Winning Team based on the following criteria: relevance to and understanding of The Project Solution brand and mission; a clear demonstration of campaign goals and strategy; adherence to the brief, including scope and budgets; and creative idea.
New York Festivals partnered this year with The Project Solution, a non-profit organisation whose philosophy is centred on the idea that small solutions can make a big impact. The results: 5 years, 22 projects, 11 countries, and over 12,000 lives changed.
To view the Torch Awards Mentors and Jury Members, click http://www.newyorkfestivals.com/torchawards/about.php here]].
For more information on the Torch Awards please visit the Torch Awards website. For more information on The Project Solution please visit http://theprojectsolution.org.
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Cricket can almost certainly claim to be the first organised game played regularly in New Zealand. That is not surprising, for cricket was tremendously popular in England early in the nineteenth century. The naturalist Charles Darwin writes of having seen a cricket match in progress near a mission station in North Auckland in 1835, and there are records which suggest the game began a year or two before that. Even before the founding of Wellington in 1840 missionaries were active in New Zealand, and they brought with them the clergyman's traditional love of the summer game. In the early 1830s orders for cricket equipment were being sent to England.
So cricket began with New Zealand's beginnings. In Wellington there was a newspaper account of a holiday match at the end of 1842, but the first fully recorded match was played at Nelson in March 1844. This game was between a Nelson team and the surveyors of the New Zealand Land Company. Nelson won handsomely. At that stage runs were still notches – the earliest scorers in England made cuts in sticks to record the score. Tall hats, cravats, trousers tight at the ankle were the fashion, and it was the custom for matches to end with both teams sitting down to gargantuan meals. A little later, when teams began to play outside their own immediate district, such celebrations frequently took place before, as well as after, matches. Often the dinners were paid for by the losers, for cricket had not quite emerged from the gambling fever which possessed it in its very early days.
Cricket in New Zealand was given an impetus by the arrival of troops from England in the 1860s, but interprovincial matches had started before the Maori Wars. The first of them was between Auckland and Wellington in 1860. There were many weeks of earnest negotiation before the match, and this was not entirely satisfactory, for when the Auckland players arrived at Wellington by steamer they found their hosts were unprepared. This psychological advantage may account in part for Auckland's victory by four wickets. It was two more years before a second interprovincial match took place, this time between Wellington and Nelson, at Nelson. The Wellington team then went on to Auckland by steamer and played Nelson again on its return.
In the South Island cricket also started early. In December 1848, only nine months after Otago had been founded, the cricketers of Dunedin issued a challenge to Wellington, but the game was never played. The first recorded match at Dunedin, on 1 January 1849, was between married and single teams. It was played on the site of the Octagon, with bats from local wood and balls made by a local shoemaker. In Christchurch the first match was at Hagley Park on 16 December 1851, the first anniversary of the founding of the province.
The first interprovincial match in the south, however, was not played until January 1864. This was on the occasion of the extremely ambitious Dunedin cricket carnival. Four teams took part in it – Otago, Southland, Canterbury, and George Parr's All-England Eleven, the first from overseas to visit New Zealand. It came from Australia on the City of Dunedin and berthed at the little Port Chalmers pier. There was a luncheon for the visitors and then a procession to Dunedin, which was en féte for the occasion. There were mounted troopers at the head of the procession, a coach for the Englishmen drawn by six white horses, several other coaches, and, at the rear, horsemen three abreast. The tour had been arranged and sponsored by a Dunedin publican, Shadrach Jones, the carnival by J. Kissling, and it was a tremendous success. The Canterbury and Southland teams also arrived by sea. After such a sound start cricket progressed rather slowly. Canterbury and Otago began their long series of annual matches in 1864, but in the north transport difficulties kept Auckland out of touch with its southern rivals for some years. When the second overseas team visited New Zealand in 1876–77 – Lillywhite's All-England side – hair-raising stories were told of its coach passage to the West Coast.
Cricket, however, became firmly established in the main centres, clubs were formed, and interclub games played. By the time Lillywhite's team toured, interest in the game was intense, and when an Australian side played Canterbury in 1877–78 the attendance for the three days totalled 25,000. Cricket was, of course, the national game at that time. Other summer sports were hardly known, and organised rugby football had barely begun.
After Parr's team in 1864 there was a remarkable succession of visits from overseas sides – three from England, three Australian elevens, a team from Tasmania, one from New South Wales – all by 1890.
For all these tours, individual cricket associations made their own arrangements, but when a second New South Wales team was due to arrive in 1893–94, the leading administrators in the various provinces felt a New Zealand team should be pitted against the visitors. A. M. Ollivier, of Christchurch, was given the task of selecting the first New Zealand team, which met New South Wales at Lancaster Park on 15 February 1894. New Zealand, although beaten by 160 runs, gave a good performance.
Richard Trevor Brittenden, Journalist and Author, Christchurch.
How to cite this page: 'Beginnings', from An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand, edited by A. H. McLintock, originally published in 1966.
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China has begun a program to modify the weather over an area three times the size of the country of Spain using geoengineering technology that is openly admitted to by the Chinese government. Geoengineering is not only admitted to by the communist country but celebrated as a great achievement, even engineering the weather for the 2008 Olympic games. In fact, since 2013 China has created over 55 billion tons of engineered rain and now plans on deploying the technology on a massive country-wide scale.
What happened? According to Chinese meteorology News, there were four attacks on a bank of clouds that approached Tiananmen from the south-west between 7.30am and 9.05am. In total 432 rockets were fired to achieve the desired result.
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As a tumbling instructor, one of the most common questions I am asked by new athletes and parents is “How long will it take to learn this skill?” Unfortunately, this question is very difficult to answer. There are many factors to consider when determining the length of time required for an athlete to master a particular skill, and these factors vary greatly from one athlete to the next. The goals of this series of articles is to help athletes and parents better understand the process of learning and mastering a skill, as well as to provide some tips on how to accelerate this process.
The most essential components of learning any new tumbling skill are physical in nature. In order to safely perform a back handspring independently, an athlete’s body needs to be prepared to produce, utilize, and sustain the high the amounts of force involved with the skill. Strength, flexibility, coordination, and physical development are all physical aspects that affect the learning of new tumbling skills. Overlooking any of these factors could result in injuries such as sprains, fractures, concussions, or worse! Think of these physical aspects as the foundation of a building. Without a good foundation, a building could collapse. In the same way, not being physically prepared for a skill is setting yourself up for failure and/or injury when learning how to tumble.
It’s no secret that tumblers need to have strong muscles. In a back handspring, strong, fast, legs produce the explosive jump needed to propel a tumbler up and back into an inverted handstand position; strong shoulders allow the tumbler to forcefully push into the floor “springing” them from their hands back to their feet, and a strong core is essential to keeping the body moving together seamlessly throughout the skill. But strong muscles are not only used to generate the force needed to get over in a back handspring. When landing, muscles act to decelerate, or slow down, the force produced during the skill in order to protect bones, ligaments, and other vital organs from trauma. Adequate strength is essential to tumbling because it necessary to perform skills, as well as land them safely.
I hoped you enjoyed this post! Keep checking back for Part 1: Post 2: Flexibility!
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The United States launched ATS-1, the first geostationary satellite, in 1966. Although it had a television camera suitable for sending back grainy black-and-white photographs of Earth's cloud systems, its primary mission had been to test out communications systems. Because of the success of its meteorological application, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) began work on a dedicated geostationary weather satellite. NASA launched the first prototype, the Synchronous Meteorological Satellite (SMS-1), from Cape Canaveral, Florida, on May 17, 1974, and placed it into orbit directly above the equator at 45°W longitude (the central Atlantic Ocean). It was followed by a second prototype, SMS-2, in February 1975 (above 135°W longitude—Pacific Ocean), and then by GOES-1 on October 16, 1975.
Geostationary satellites such as GOES remain in a high-altitude orbit over the same location, following Earth as it moves.
Six geostationary weather satellites in stationary orbit above Earth's equator transmit photos continuously, providing full coverage of Earth's surface and atmosphere.
events, including hurricanes and major frontal systems across 60 percent of Earth's surface. This was a huge boon for meteorologists. Although they had been able to "see" large tropical and frontal systems with polar orbiting satellites, the 12-hour delay between images of the same area made it difficult to track these systems. With GOES-1 and its cousins, they were able to get an updated picture every 30 minutes.
GOES-1 also allowed weather centers to transmit processed satellite images (including latitude/longitude grids) as well as weather maps all over the world. Weather centers would send signals carrying the maps to the satellite, which would bounce them down to receiving stations. GOES's Data Collection System enabled over 10,000 surface stations to transmit their observations to central processing centers for use in NWP models.
GOES-1 also provided finer-resolution images. With a one-kilometer visible resolution, meteorologists used these new images to advance their understanding of mesoscale features, including thunderstorms. With GOES, meteorologists effectively had an observation station every one kilometer across the satellite's "footprint" on Earth's surface—far closer together than surface observation stations. As a result, meteorologists used the presence of organized cumulus clouds in images to issue severe weather watches and warnings.
NASA launched three additional GOES satellites during this decade, replacing the earlier SMS and GOES-1 satellites and providing additional remote sensing capability to meteorologists. Continued advances throughout the century would provide increasing amounts of information to atmospheric scientists, enhancing their ability to create increasingly complex numerical models of the atmosphere.
underlying physics. Satellites were to become an important tool in cracking the secrets of tropical storms.
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Blue, Brown, Hazel, Black, Blue, Grey, Green and Violet are some of the more popular colors that most people have a better understanding of and each has its own meaning. According to the website there are plenty that have become overused by so many and this website is to help stray away from that.
Black: Pitch black – Described as a dark sticky substance, technically its tar (used as a cliche) In order for it not be one add more descriptive words about the eye color.
Blue: Cornflower – Described as cool and muted. Unsophisticated or innocent connotations.
Blue: Indigo – Is extremely dark and absorb light.
Brown: Dirt/Mud – Described as having strength, steadfastness, attention and prosperity.
Brown: Topaz – Described as being pale, clear, shining gold, reflects light, luminous, and beautiful.
Grey: Graphite – Pale grey eyes contain a medium tone of grey.
Green: Jade – Has a soapy luminosity, dark green with black flecks. Prosperity, resistance, force and a sense of heroism.
Color Meanings: Certain colors have many associations.
Black: A mysterious color. Connotations include: nights, secrecy, mysticism, and magic. Sometime black can indicate a secretive person and may have psychic tendencies.
Blue: An intense and energetic color. Connotations include: the sky, energy, and electricity. Sometimes referred to as being somebody with clairvoyance. Can indicate a direct and forceful person with the gifts of insight and observation.
Brown: A strong rich color. Connotations include: earth, creativity, simplicity, strength, and endurance. Sometimes indicates a strong and independent person with a connection with nature and earth.
Grey: A fluid and stable color. Connotations include: water, weather, change, mysticism, and wisdom. Sometimes describes a sensitive person.
Green: A vibrant and fresh color. Connotations include: life, vegetation, rejuvenation, youth, and health. Associated with empathy and compassion.
Hazel: A combination of inner strength and independence of brown. There’s fluidity and sensitivity.
Red: An evil and dark connotation. Bright like the sun and shows a sense of courage.
Violet: A sophisticated color, that has connotations of spirituality, nobility, and purity. This can indicate a refined and noble person, or a leader.
Brunette: Reliable, dependable, even tempered, stable, well grounded, and intelligent.
Shaved Head – In a word, bald. Almost exclusively a male style. This is a difficult style to wear, especially for pale individuals because it can suggest the look of serious illness (for example, baldness due to chemotherapy). However, a dark-skinned person with striking features might look beautiful.
High-and-Tight – Male style. See the buzz cut. This style takes a buzz cut and then shaves the hair on the sides and back almost to the skin, while leaving the stubble on the top slightly longer. Associated with special-ops soldiers and punk rockers, it is considered an extreme style.
Fade – Male style. A slightly longer version of the high-and-tight.
Buzz cut – Almost exclusively a male style. Hair is reduced to an even 1/8- to 1/4-inch stubble all over the head. This is the military-induction cut. A slightly longer variation is the crew-cut. Some women like singer Sinead O’Connor wear buzz-cuts or crew cuts.
Pixie cut – Female style. Hair is cut into short layers on the sides and back and slightly longer on top. This looks great with straight, shiny hair. It can be a very feminine cut that plays up a woman’s eyes.
Bob – Female style. Hair is shaped into a one-length, sleek, straight helmet that curves inward at the ends. This style can have bangs (fringe) or not. It can be chin-length or shoulder-length or in between. This is a versatile and elegant look that looks trendy and edgy towards chin- or even ear-length and classic when at shoulder-length.
Afro – Males and females. Hair is naturally kinked or styled that way via a perm (chemicals and heat). The kinked hair stands out in a puffball halo around the head. It is usually short to medium length.
Layered cut – Males and females. Hair can be anywhere from above-the-collar to shoulder-length or below. The hair is cut into layers which blend together to accomplish anything from taming extremely thick hair or maximizing thin hair.
One length non-cut – Males and females. This is long, one-length hair that can look good if the person gets the split-ends trimmed on a regular basis. It can also flatten the hair as its weight drags down its natural wave or curl or shape. This style can look most flattering on females or males with naturally straight, coarse, thick hair.
What follows is a list of descriptive words for appearance. However, the words are not just listed as belonging to one and the same category. They have been broken up to distinguish different sorts of appearance words.
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John Powell (born 18 September 1963) is an English composer, best known for his scores to motion pictures. He has been based in Los Angeles since 1997 and has composed the scores to over fifty feature films. He is particularly known for his scores for animated films, including Antz, Chicken Run, Shrek (all three co-composed with Harry Gregson-Williams), Robots, Happy Feet (and its sequel), three Ice Age sequels, Rio, How to Train Your Dragon, for which he was nominated for an Academy Award, and its 2014 sequel.
Powell was born in London, United Kingdom. He originally trained as a violinist as a child, before studying at London's Trinity College of Music. He later ventured into jazz and rock music, playing in a soul band called the Faboulistics. On leaving college, he composed music for commercials, which led to a job as an assistant to the composer Patrick Doyle on several film productions, including Much Ado About Nothing.
Since the age of 6, Powell has been an atheist.
In 1995, Powell co-founded the London-based commercial music house Independently Thinking Music, which produced scores for more than 100 British and French commercials and independent films.
Powell's first film score was for the 1990 film Stay Lucky. He moved to Los Angeles in 1997, and scored his first major film, Face/Off. This was followed by Antz in 1998, the first film produced by DreamWorks Animation which he co-scored with fellow British composer Harry Gregson-Williams. Two years later the two collaborated again to compose the score to Chicken Run, and again the following year on Shrek, which won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature. All subsequent Shrek films however, have been scored solely by Gregson-Williams. During 2001 he also scored Evolution, I Am Sam, Just Visiting, and Rat Race.
In 2002 Powell was hired to score The Bourne Identity, after Carter Burwell left the project, and has gone on to score all of director Doug Liman's subsequent films. He also returned to score the other two films in the series, The Bourne Supremacy and The Bourne Ultimatum, which were both directed by British director Paul Greengrass.
Following the Bourne films, Powell collaborated with Liman again to score the 2005 film Mr. & Mrs. Smith. That year, he also scored Robots, going on to score all but one of subsequent films by Blue Sky Studios.
In 2006, he scored Greengrass' United 93. He also composed music for Ice Age: The Meltdown, following David Newman, who scored the first Ice Age film, as well as X-Men: The Last Stand, and Happy Feet, for which he won a Film & TV Music Award for Best Score for an Animated Feature Film. The following year he scored The Bourne Ultimatum. In 2008 he collaborated with composer Hans Zimmer to score Kung Fu Panda, and also wrote music that year for Jumper, Hancock, and Bolt. In 2009 he scored the third film of Ice Age series; Dawn of the Dinosaurs.
In 2010, Powell composed the score to How to Train Your Dragon. This was his sixth score for a DreamWorks Animation film, although the first where he composed the whole score himself. It also became his first work to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Score. That year, he has also scored Greengrass's Green Zone, and Knight and Day.
In 2013, he took a sabbatical year from film scoring and in April 2014, following the completion of his scores to sequels Rio 2 and How to Train Your Dragon 2, he announced his decision to take another break to compose concert music, including a 45-minute oratorio to commemorate the 100-year anniversary of World War I. The piece, named "A Prussian Requiem", premiered on 6 March 2016 at The Royal Festival Hall, London with Jose Serebrier conducting the Philharmonia Orchestra and a libretto by Michael Petry.
2008 Satellite Award for Best Original Score - Horton Hears a Who!
2009 Annie Award for Best Music in an Animated Feature Production - Horton Hears a Who!
↑ "From Gigli to Oscar: Composer John Powell Reacts to His Nomination". Movieline. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
↑ Thomson, Paul. "John Powell - Exclusive Q & A". Spitfire Audio. Spitfire Audio. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
↑ "John Powell's 'A Prussian Requiem' to be performed live in London". SoundtracksAndTrailerMusic.com. 5 November 2015. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
↑ V., Erin (2 April 2012). "Interview: Dean DeBlois, director of 'How To Train Your Dragon'". One Movie, Five Views. Retrieved 12 May 2012.
↑ "How to Train Your Dragon 3 Pushed Back to 2017". ComingSoon.net. Retrieved 2 September 2014.
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The earliest of Madagascar's history is shrouded in the mists of time. Written records on Madagascar are almost non-existant, while archiological evidence places human arrival on the island between 200 - 500 BCE (Before Common Era, traditionally refered to as AD or Anno Domini).
One mythological story of the earliest inhabitants of Madagascar involves the Vazimba. The Vazimba were a tribe of pale, dwarf-like people who were the first people to live on the Grande Ile. Some modern Malagasy still believe that the Vazimba inhabit the deepest recesses of rainforest, venerating them as the most ancient of ancestors. During the times of Monarchy in Madagascar some kings claimed a blood kinship to the Vazimba.
As mentioned above, archeologists place the first human arrival on Madagascar between 200 and 500 BCE. These people most likely arrived from Borneo or the South Celebes in outrigger canoes as part of the "Great Austronesian Expansion". This expansion eventually saw the population of the Malay Peninsula, Java, Sumatra, Micronesia, and all of the Polynesian islands (Hawaii, New Zealand and Eastern Island).
As there has never been found any evidence that Indonesian seafarers ever colonized the East coast of Africa it would appear that Madagascar's first inhabitants came directly across the Indian Ocean, a journey of some 3,700 miles (5,955 kilometers).
Madagascar, along with Iceland and New Zealand, proved to be one of the last major landmasses to become permanently occupied by humans. The link between Indonesia and Madagascar is further supported by the observations of Jared Diamond. Outrigger canoes and the techniques used to cultivate rice are both shared between the Malagasy and Indonesians, while huts style (rectangular vs. round) and clothing types (vegetable fiber based vs. animal skin based) differ significantly from mainland Africa.
Although the arrival of the Indonesians pre-dates that of mainland Africans, and facets of Indonesian culture are evident in various ethnic groups (primarily the Merina and Betsileo), the influence of Africa cannot be discounted. Bantu (a label used for over 400 ethnic groups in Sub-Saharan Africa based mainly on lingusitic similarities) are thought to have crossed the Mozambique channel to Madagascar shortly after the arrival of the Indonesian settlers. A number of words in the Malagasy lexicon stem from Bantu words, such as -omby (ox), -ondry (sheep) while the majority have Malayan-Polynesian affinities. Musical instruments such as the jejolava and multistringed valiha also have Bantu origins.
The Bantu also brought with them a strong affinity for cattle, specifically Zebu. This obsession is most noticable in the southern savannah regions where African cultural influences contiue to hold the greatest sway and zebu can outnumber people three to one.
The use of zebu as a sign of wealth and social status, although generally applicable to the whole of Madagascar, is especially entrenched in the South. In modern times this has led to a dangerous preponderance of cattle rustlers, some of whom the author met in 2006 (They were fairly heavily armed, although very nice, most likely because we possessed no cattle).
Arabian influences arrived later to Madagascar. Medieval Arab navigators and cartographers knew of Madagascar which they labelled Phebol, Cernea, Menuthias, Medruthis, Sherbezat and, more poetically, Island of the Moon. Whether this knowledge was based or first-hand knowledge, or on reports for other travelers/traders, is unclear. Some Malagasy traditions speak of the first Arab settlers arriving in Madagascar following the civil wars that erupted after the death of Mohammed in 632 BCE.
Arabic and Zanzibari slaved-traders begin working down the East coast of Africa in the late 10th or early 11th century. Crossing the Mozambique channel in their dhows they established settlements on the West coast of Madagascar including Zafiraminia (the traditional ancestors of the Antemoro, Antanosy as well as other east coast ethnicities) and the area around present day Majunga. The Majunga area settlers were known as the Antalaotra and are considered the last of the large Arabian immigrations to Madagascar, coming from their colonies on the east African coast. It was from these settlers that Islam was introduced to the Malagasy.
The linguistic origins for season names, months, days and coins stem from Arabic roots and culturally the Arabs provided communal grain-pools, variety in salutations and cultural circumcision. Ombiasy, magicians from Arabia, often established themselves in the courts of tribal kingdoms, extending their cultural influence across Madagascar.
The intrepid Venetian explorer Marco Polo brought the name Madagascar into common usage in his memoirs (penned 1298-1320 BCE).
In them he described an African island of untold wealth called Madeigascar; although most scholars now believe he was describing the Ethiopian port city of Mogadishu having heard about the island second hand. Following Marco Polo's lead, and regardless of its provenance, Italian cartographers attached the name Madagascar to the large island off the coast of Africa during the Renaissance.
By the fifteenth century Europe was looking for a means to wrest control of the spice trade from the Muslims. Sailing around the Cape of Good Hope in cargo-ships allowed them to bypass the Middle East and at the same time put them on a collision course with Madagascar. The Portuguese navigator Diogo Dias is credited with being the fist European to set foot on Madagascar when his Indian bound ship was blown off course in 1500. So would begin Europe's troubled history with Madagascar.
Over the next 200 years the Portuguese, English and French attempted, unsuccessfully, to establish colonies on Madagascar. The years 1600 to 1619 saw Roman Catholic missionaries from Portugal attempt to convert the Malagasy without success. English settlements near Toliary (formerly Tuléar) in 1646 and Nosy Be in 1649 where abandoned due to fever, dysentery and hostile tribes people. In 1665 the Director General of the French East Indian Company, a trading company designed to compete with the English and Dutch companies exploiting trade from India, a Mr. François Caron, sailed to Madagascar to establish a trading post. Once again Madagascar rejected settlement by Europe, and Mr. Caron instead established ports on Bourbon and Île-de-France (present day Réunion and Mauritius respectively).
A French colony at Taolañaro (Ft. Dauphin) lasted thirty years until 1674. The local Malagash from Antanosy massacred fourteen grooms and thirteen brides after the grooms abandoned their Malagasy wives for newly arrived French women. An eighteen month siege ended with the French East Indian company evacuating the remaining thirty men and one woman.
During the late 17th and early 18th century Madagascar, and especially Ile Ste. Maire, became a pirate stronghold. Shipwreck survivors often "settled" with natives, as did Robert Drury who provides one of the few descriptions of southern Madagascar during the 18th century in his book "Madagascar; or Robert Drury's Journal During Fifteen Years' Captivity on that Island". Some survivors found French or English colonies or made their way to pirate havens to become pirates themselves.
William the Kidd, Henry Every, John Bown and Thomas Tew, pirate luminaries of the day, made Antongil Bay and Nosy Boraha (Ile Ste. Marie) their base of operation. Merchant ships sailing the Indian Ocean, Red Sea, or Persian Gulf all fell victim to the marauding pirates sailing from Madagascar.
If you find something on these pages with which you disagree, or think I've got my facts wrong please let me know. All information and images are copyright of Aleksei Saunders, 2007, unless otherwise noted. If you'd like to use an image from this website please drop me a line and I'm sure we can work something out.
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A Taste of Honey is a 1961 British film adaptation of the play of the same name by Shelagh Delaney. Delaney wrote the screenplay, aided by director Tony Richardson, who had directed the play on the stage. It is an exemplar of a gritty genre of British film that has come to be called kitchen sink realism.
The film opened on 15 September 1961 at the Leicester Square Theatre in London's West End.
The story is set in a run-down, post-industrial area of Salford. Jo (played by Rita Tushingham) is a 17-year-old schoolgirl, with a self-centred, 40-year-old mother with a drink problem, Helen (Dora Bryan).. After a fall while walking past the Manchester Ship Canal, Jo meets a black sailor called Jimmy (Paul Danquah) who invites her onboard his ship to attend to her grazed knee. The two accidentally meet again and start a brief romantic relationship, but Jimmy's ship soon sails and they part. Relations between Jo and her mother become further strained when her mother courts and marries a self-made businessman, Peter Smith (Robert Stephens).
Feeling rejected by her mother, Jo leaves school, starts a job in a shoe shop and rents accommodation in an old workshop on her own. She meets a gay textile design student, Geoffrey Ingham (Murray Melvin) and invites him to stay. Together they make the workshop more livable. When Jo discovers she is pregnant by Jimmy, Geoff is supportive, even offering to marry her, saying "You need somebody to love you while you're looking for somebody to love". Her new step-father Peter rejects Jo and regards her gay friend with contempt.
A few weeks later, Jo's mother Helen re-appears on the scene, ever needy, after the failure of her marriage to Peter. She moves in with Jo, which causes tensions between Helen and Geoff. Symbolic of Helen's jealousy of Geoffrey is her return of the old-fashioned basket that he had adapted for Jo use as a cot for her baby. Geoff decides he can no longer stay at the workshop, leaving Helen to care for Jo and her soon-to-be-born baby.
The film won four BAFTA awards: Richardson won Best British Screenplay for Sheila Delaney and Best British Film. Bryan won Best Actress and Tushingham was named Most Promising Newcomer.
Tushingham and Melvin won Best Actress and Actor at the 1962 Cannes Film Festival.
In spite of dealing with several topics then rarely touched on in Hollywood movies, the film won Tushingham a 1963 Golden Globe for Most Promising Female Newcomer and got Richardson a 1963 Directors Guild of America award nomination. Delaney and Richardson also won a Writers' Guild of Great Britain award.
A Taste of Honey was ranked at 56th place in the BFI Top 100 British films list, made in 1999.
The Criterion Collection released a new, restored 4K digital transfer of the film on Blu-ray and DVD on 23 August 2016.
The film made a profit of £29,064.
^ Alexander Walker, Hollywood, England, Stein and Day, 1974, p. 124.
^ Petrie, Duncan James (2017). "Bryanston Films : An Experiment in Cooperative Independent Production and Distribution" (PDF). Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television: 7. ISSN 1465-3451.
^ "Tony Richardson, John Osborne And Rita Tushingham". Retrieved 4 March 2017.
^ "A Taste of Honey (1962) - Full Synopsis". Retrieved 4 March 2017.
^ "Festival de Cannes: A Taste of Honey". festival-cannes.com. Retrieved 25 February 2009.
^ Hodgkinson, Will (15 June 2001). "Stark raving mod". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 June 2018.
^ "A Taste of Honey". The Criterion Collection. Retrieved 17 May 2016.
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The new American Idol reboot premiered just less than a week ago and it's already brewing controversy. Contestant Benjamin Glaze unexpectedly got the chance to kiss Katy Perry—and he did not like it.
During the show's premiere, Glaze explained to the judges before his audition that he liked his job as a cashier because it allowed him to meet a lot of "cute girls." “Have you kissed a girl and liked it?” American Idol judge Luke Bryan asked in reference to Perry’s hit single from 2008. "No, I’ve never been in a relationship. I can’t kiss a girl without being in a relationship," the 19-year-old said. His response caught the attention of Perry, who nudged him to walk to the judges' panel. Glaze proceeded to kiss the singer but it wasn't enough for her. She then asked for another one, but instead of kissing him on the cheek, Perry went in for his lips.
The unwanted move immediately sparked backlash on social media, with many calling out Perry for being inappropriate and inciting double standards. Her kissing the 19-year-old without his permission may have seemed like a light, playful thing at the moment. But in the wake of the #MeToo movement, many felt that it did more harm than necessary. Glaze later commented on the kiss in an interview with the New York Times, explaining that Perry made him feel uncomfortable.
“I was a tad bit uncomfortable. I wanted to save it for my first relationship. I wanted it to be special. Would I have done it if she said, ‘Would you kiss me?’ No, I would have said no," Glaze told the New York Times. "I know a lot of guys would be like, ‘Heck yeah!’ But for me, I was raised in a conservative family and I was uncomfortable immediately. I wanted my first kiss to be special."
While Glaze only said he was uncomfortable and the interview pointed out that he didn't feel sexually harassed, some still translated the American Idol kiss as sexual harassment. The 19-year-old later had to clarify his statement. "Hi everyone, I would like to clear a few things up for anyone who is confused, concerned, or angry," he began an Instagram post. "I am not complaining about the kiss from Katy Perry at all, doing a few news reports and being interviewed by many different reporters has caused some major questions. The way certain articles are worded is not done by me, and my true intentions are not accurately represented in every article you read about the situation."
"I am not complaining about the kiss, I am very honored and thankful to have been apart of American Idol. The main purpose for the show is to find stars and new music artist. I do wish I would have performed better in the moment. I should have picked another song to sing and calmed myself down regardless of the kiss. I should have been able to perform under pressure. I do not think I was sexually harassed by Katy Perry and I am thankful for the judges comments and critiques. I was uncomfortable in a sense of how I have never been kissed before and was not expecting it. My main goal is to reach people through the universal love of music and not cause strife or anger against anyone or about any situation! Please take into consideration that I don’t believe my views have been appropriately communicated through the media! Thank you to everyone who has followed me in this journey and I hope I answered a few questions."
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In addition to helping craft the strategy in Afghanistan, Robert Gates also worked to reshape the Defense Department's budget.
Gates has described his job as a "very painful thing" and "not a job anybody should like"
(CNN) -- Defense Secretary Robert Gates, the lone holdover from the Bush administration, has decided to stay on the job for at least another year, a Pentagon spokesman said.
As secretary, Gates leads the Defense Department, which is in charge of providing the military resources needed to protect the United States.
In an interview with CBS last year, Gates described his job as a "very painful thing" and "not a job anybody should like."
After Barack Obama announced he wanted to keep Gates at the helm of the Pentagon when he became president, Gates admitted he "spent a long time hoping the question would never be popped."
Gates gave Obama his commitment to stay on the job for at least another year just before Christmas, said Geoff Morrell, the deputy assistant secretary of defense and Pentagon press secretary.
"They agreed to revisit this issue again later this year, but for all intents and purposes, their original agreement still stands: He [Gates] serves at the pleasure of the president indefinitely, and he is honored to do so, though he certainly looks forward to one day retiring to his family home in the Pacific Northwest," he said.
Even though some have considered Gates to be a "short-timer" with Obama, Michael O'Hanlon, a national security expert at the Brookings Institution, said it should come as no surprise that Gates signed on for another year.
"Gates is very serious about his job. To leave at this moment ... would have been to leave right in the middle of the adoption of the new strategy for Afghanistan," he said. "It would have felt like a handoff in midseason."
Morrell said there was a misperception that Gates had agreed to stay for only a year.
"If you go back and look at it, it was always described as 'open-ended.' There were always rumors in Washington that it was somehow a yearlong agreement," Morrell said. "These are sort of bite-sized portions, a year at a time, and he's committed to another year. ... And at the end of this year, I'm sure they will look at it again."
Gates played a key role in shaping the president's recently announced strategy for the war in Afghanistan, one that requires sending 30,000 more troops to the region in the first half of this year.
"I think he feels the weight of a lot of responsibly and the burden of a lot of tragedy," O'Hanlon said. Since 2001, 939 Americans have died in the war on terror, and since 2003, 4,376 have died in Iraq, according to CNN's count.
Speaking at a 2008 graduation at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, Gates choked up as he told the cadets, "I feel personally responsible for each and every one of you, as if you were my own sons and daughters."
With the United States engaged in two unpopular wars, this year has been a trying one for the defense secretary. Gates fired the top commander in Afghanistan, bringing in Gen. Stanley McChrystal to replace Gen. David McKiernan. He asked for McKiernan's resignation, citing a need for "new thinking and new ideas" in Afghanistan.
In addition to helping craft the strategy in Afghanistan, he also worked to reshape the Defense Department's budget.
Gates announced major priority shifts last year, moving funds toward weapons the U.S. military is using and away from research and weapons that may be used in future conflicts. Among other things, Gates called for production of the Air Force's most expensive fighter, the F-22 Raptor, to be phased out by fiscal year 2011.
Gates took over the Defense Department in December 2006, when President George W. Bush nominated him as the nation's 22nd secretary of defense. He replaced Donald Rumsfeld, one of the architects of the Iraq war.
"I think he is about as a good of a secretary as we've ever had on the job, and the reason is because of his focus and the seriousness with which he pursues the position. And for that reason, he doesn't enjoy it, but he does it diligently and with great resolve," O'Hanlon said.
"I think he's seen still very well by virtually everyone, in and out of the building. And I think people realize just how sober and serious he is about his job," he said.
Gates was also a member of the Iraq Study Group that Bush appointed earlier to recommend a change of course in the Iraq war. He'd also served as deputy national security adviser to Bush's father during the Gulf War in 1991, and was the youngest person ever to lead the CIA.
In 2005, he turned down Bush's offer to be the director of national intelligence, opting to stay on board as the president of Texas A&M University. In accepting the offer to lead the Department of Defense, Gates said, "I love Texas A&M deeply, but I love our country more."
His position at the university was the best job he'd had, Gates said, even though he served in six presidential administrations.
CNN's Chris Lawrence, Mike Mount and Barbara Starr contributed to this report.
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For the Michigan politician, see Roger Kahn (politician). For the American musician and composer, see Roger Wolfe Kahn.
Roger Kahn (born October 31, 1927) is an American author, best known for his 1972 baseball book The Boys of Summer.
Kahn's family first settled in the New York area in 1848, and he was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1927. Kahn attended Froebel Academy, a prep school, then Erasmus Hall High School in Brooklyn. Kahn has worked as a journalist, author, editor, and teacher. In 2004, he was named as the fourth James H. Ottaway Sr. Visiting Professor of Journalism at SUNY New Paltz.
Kahn describes[where?] his background as a mix of Alsatian Catholic Jewish and Russian Jewish Marxist, and himself as a 100% American agnostic[not in citation given]. He lives in the Hudson Valley community of Stone Ridge, New York with his second wife, Katharine Colt Johnson, a psychotherapist. He has two adult children, Alissa and Gordon. He was inducted into the National Jewish Sports Hall of Fame on April 30, 2006.
Kahn began his newspaper career in 1948, when he took a job as copy boy for the New York Herald Tribune. A keen Dodgers fan, he reported on their games over the 1952 and 1953 seasons. He became sports editor for Newsweek in 1956, and editor-at-large of the Saturday Evening Post in 1963. His best-known book is The Boys of Summer (1972), which examines his relationship with his father seen through the prism of their shared affection for the Brooklyn Dodgers. In 2002, a Sports Illustrated panel placed The Boys of Summer second on a list of "The Top 100 Sports Books of All Time".
In addition to The Boys of Summer, Kahn wrote books such as Good Enough to Dream, a chronicle of his year as the owner of a minor league baseball franchise; The Era 1947–57, an examination of the decade during which the three New York clubs – the Dodgers, Yankees and Giants – dominated Major League Baseball; and Memories of Summer, a look back at his youth and early career, plus extended pieces on New York baseball legends Willie Mays and Mickey Mantle. He also wrote a biography of the heavyweight boxing champion Jack Dempsey, entitled A Flame of Pure Fire.
Kahn's 2006 book Into My Own is a memoir describing friendships with Robert Frost, Jackie Robinson, Pee Wee Reese, Eugene McCarthy, and, in its last chapter titled Rescuing Roger, his late son, Roger Laurence Kahn, who suffered from bipolar disorder and heroin addiction, spent time with Michael DeSisto at the DeSisto School, and who committed suicide via carbon monoxide poisoning in 1987. Andrew Ervin wrote in The Washington Post that the book "proves that Kahn's not only a great baseball writer but also something rarer: a great writer whose subject happens to be baseball."
Kahn cites[where?] as his journalism influences, Stanley Woodward, John Lardner, and Red Smith. He has won the E. P. Dutton Award for best sports magazine article of the year five times, and tied for first once.
^ "Roger Kahn", National Jewish Sports Hall of Fame, April 30, 2006.
^ "The Top 100 Sports Books of All Time", Sports Illustrated, December 16, 2002.
^ Warren Goldstein, "The Manassa Mauler", The New York Times, October 31, 1999.
^ "Kahn writes with joy and wrath", The Washington Times, December 3, 2006.
^ Andrew Ervin, "Memoirs: The Old Man of Summer", The Washington Post August 13, 2006.
^ "NYTimes". NYTimes. 1997-04-06. Retrieved 2016-03-04.
Ruttman, Larry (2013). "Roger Kahn: Author of the Classic Baseball Book The Boys of Summer". American Jews and America's Game: Voices of a Growing Legacy in Baseball. Lincoln, Nebraska and London, England: University of Nebraska Press. pp. 113–123. ISBN 978-0-8032-6475-5. This chapter in Ruttman's history, based on September 30, 2007 and January 31, 2008 interviews with Kahn conducted for the book, discusses Kahn's American, Jewish, baseball, and life experiences from youth to the present.
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The man who shot hundreds and killed 58 at the Route 91 Harvest music festival a month ago was a narcissist who may have seen his image as a high-rolling gambler declining, Clark County Sheriff Joe Lombardo said as the investigation into the Oct. 1 shooting rampage entered its second month.
"He was going through some bouts of depression. But he was status-driven," Lombardo said in a wide-ranging interview with 8 News Now in Las Vegas that offered the first hints of what might have driven 64-year-old Stephen Paddock to open fire from the 32nd floor of the Mandalay Bay hotel.
Paddock had been losing money for two years, Lombardo said, and had been showing signs of depression.
"Since September 2015, he's lost a significant amount of wealth, and I think that might have been a determining factor on what he was determined to do," Lombardo said.
"This individual was status-driven based on how he liked to be recognized in the casino environment and how he liked to be recognized by his friends and family. So obviously that was starting to decline in the short period of time and that may have had a determining effect on why decided to do what he did," the sheriff said.
"He was going in the wrong direction."
Lombardo said investigators still don't understand precisely what set Paddock off a little more than a year ago when he began stockpiling weapons and scouting locations around the country. Paddock fatally shot himself at the end of his 10-minute-long attack, and the hard drives that had been removed from the computers found in his room have not been found, the sheriff said.
Lombardo used the interview to try and set straight the initially confusing timelines offered by authorities in the days after the shooting.
The chief questions have centered around the fact that Paddock was able to fire at the crowd opposite the hotel for a full 10 minutes, though a hotel security guard had been shot before the main shooting rampage began, and had reported it.
What happened was this, the sheriff said: The security guard, Jesus Campos, had been alerted that a room on the 32nd floor had a door that had been held open for a long period of time. He found that the door to that floor from the stairwell had been barricaded, and he radioed in to report that at 9:59 p.m.
Campos, Lombardo said, then took the stairs to the 33rd floor, exited, walked to the elevators and took one back down to the 32nd floor. He was shot in the leg as he walked outside Paddock's door.
"So subsequently you have a couple minutes of him going up, going down the elevators and back down the hallway and then he encounters the suspect," Lombardo said. "He receives a wound, he attempts to go through his radio and then he also confirms his communication with dispatch via cellphone."
All of the timelines have shown that Paddock opened fire on the crowd at 10:05 p.m. What time did Campos report that he had been shot? Police have never said, and Lombardo didn't elaborate on that in his Wednesday night interview.
"We didn't know shots were fired until 10:05 pm - 10:04:55 or something like that," Lombardo said. "That's when we actually determined - through calls for service, computer-aided dispatch, body-worn cameras, other people's observations through videos in Uber, taxis things like that - we feel pretty comfortable in that the large amounts of firing by the suspect occurred at 10:05 p.m."
Two Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department officers already were at the Mandalay Bay on another call and began working their way up the stairs as the shooting began. They, too, came across the barricaded stairwell door.
"So that was right around 10 minutes they were able to do that. So that's pretty amazing in public safety time you call dispatch, you get a revise, you formulate a plan, you ascend the stairwell, you have no idea what floor it is, you're receiving information from disparate directions, and then you encounter this blocked doorway - and that was right around 10 minutes," Lombardo said.
"And then our other officers ascended via the elevator bank and came out into the foyer or hallway from the elevator bank there - right around 12 minutes. During that time, the suspect had stopped firing. And so when we don't hear any firing taking place, then it becomes slow and methodical."
At that point, he said, it was important to extract people from adjacent rooms to ensure their safety and plan a breach of Paddock's room.
By the time they entered, the gunman had shot himself. "I honestly believe that he believed the wolf was at the door - being us, LVMPD - and that is when he made the decision to take his life," Lombardo said.
Paddock expended more than 1,000 rounds over the 10 minutes he fired, in what authorities were able to identify as 12 bursts. The pauses between them, Lombardo said, could have resulted from either jammed or faulty weapons, or the need to replace clips as they were emptied.
Paddock made money on real estate investments and described himself as a professional gambler, though he had previously worked also as a defense industry auditor. He often spent long hours playing video poker.
But Lombardo said Paddock had "gone up and down" in his wealth and had recently been losing money.
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In March 1970, Prince Sihanouk's government was overthrown by a group of anti-Communist Cambodian officials led by Premier Lon Nol. The coup, staged when Sihanouk was out of the country, marked the beginning of the end of Cambodia. Ahead were new ties to the United States, civil war with Cambodian Communists, intensified American bombing, disintegration of the social order, and, in 1975, defeat for the Lon Nol government, which would lead to the Pol Pot Communist reign of genocide and war with the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.
The North Vietnamese, in both public statements and the secret talks with Kissinger, denounced Sihanouk's overthrow as American-inspired.
On April 30, American and South Vietnamese Army forces invaded Cambodia-the infamous "incursion," as the Nixon-Kissinger White House called it-and Cambodia became engulfed in war between Lon Nol's Cambodian army, aided by the United States and South Vietnam, and the Cambodian Communists, or Khmer Rouge, aided by North Vietnam and the Vietcong.
The invasion was a shock to the American public as well as the Cambodian populace. It inspired antiwar demonstrations all over the United States, and led, indirectly, to the killing of four students at Kent State University in Ohio. The domestic political consequences of the war in Cambodia drastically affected American foreign policy throughout the summer and fall.
Sihanouk, crowned king in 1941 and chief of state since 1960, had long been under pressure from the United States and South Vietnam for his tolerance of the North Vietnamese and Vietcong "sanctuaries" that, from March 1969 on, were being secretly bombed by American B-52s under the personal direction of Kissinger. The Joint Chiefs of Staff had repeatedly lobbied both the Johnson and the Nixon administrations for permission to invade the sanctuaries; their invariable solution for the failure to win the war in South Vietnam was to expand it. Nevertheless, Sihanouk carefully maintained his neutrality. In January 1970, Sihanouk left his capital, Phnom Penh, for a two-month vacation in France and a series of high-level meetings in the Soviet Union; Lon Nol, a former Minister of Defense with close ties to the American military, was in charge of the affairs of state.
In early March, Lon Nol encouraged violent attacks-really sackings-on North Vietnam's embassy in Phnom Penh, and on that of the Provisional Revolutionary Government, the Vietcong's government in exile that had been set up in June 1969 by the NLF and an alliance of anti-Thieu forces. On March 16, there were more riots at the Communist missions and Lon Nol met with North Vietnamese and NLF officials in Phnom Penh to demand that they withdraw their troops from the sanctuaries. They refused. On March 17, a day before the Cambodian parliament formally deposed Sihanouk in a staged unanimous vote, Lon Nol authorized a South Vietnamese Army task force to cross the Cambodian border on a military sweep against Communist strongholds.
In his memoirs, Kissinger alloted eight pages to a denial of any American complicity in or advance knowledge of the coup. The White House, he wrote, would have "preferred" that the Prince remain in office. As with Chile, and the overthrow in September 1973 of its president, Salvador Allende Gossens there is no conclusive evidence that the United States was directly responsible for Sihanouk's overthrow in 1970. But, as with Allende, such responsibility cannot be measured entirely in terms of actions taken or not taken in one day or week or month; Lon Nol seized power in Cambodia knowing that his regime would immediately be recognized and supported by the United States.
Sihanouk's harshest critics were in the American military, and they did more than complain. His immediate overthrow had been for years a high priority of the Green Berets reconnaissance units operating inside Cambodia since the late 1960s. There is also incontrovertible evidence that Lon Nol was approached by agents of American military intelligence in 1969 and asked to overthrow the Sihanouk government. Sihanouk made similar charges in his memoir, My War with the CIA, but they were not taken seriously then.
One factor may have been his many personal flaws: He was vain, indiscreet and had a high tolerance for official corruption. In a sense, some of these faults may also have been responsible for his success in maintaining neutrality amidst war-he was constantly talking, and those listening, if they chose to do so, could hear only what they wanted to hear. Thus when the secret bombing of Cambodia became known at the height of the outcry over Watergate in July 1973, Kissinger was able to cite many broadcast transcripts and official memoranda of conversations with Sihanouk in which he seemed to express acquiescence to the bombing. Critics of the bombing were able to cite other broadcast transcripts and newspaper interviews to show that Sihanouk did not endorse the bombing.
Sihanouk was consistent in one view, however, and he expressed it to most official visitors: The United States could not win the Vietnam War. On August 22, 1969, for example, he met with Senator Mike Mansfield, the Montana Democrat who was a ranking member of the Foreign Relations Committee. According to the almost verbatim notes of a member of Mansfield's party, the Prince urged the United States "to adopt a realistic approach regarding inevitability. Since a unified socialist Vietnam cannot be avoided, it is better to begin now by establishing normal diplomatic relations with that Vietnam [North Vietnam]. There is no other choice.... The question of establishing relations with Saigon doesn't exist. There is one Vietnam with which to deal-socialist Vietnam." Sihanouk explained that he had been unable to get the North Vietnamese and the Vietcong to leave their sanctuaries inside Cambodia. "The [American] press," he told Mansfield, "criticized Cambodia for providing sanctuaries. Cambodia could criticize the U. S. and her allies in Vietnam for pursuing the Viet Cong . . . into Cambodia. The United States should look at its own responsibility when criticizing Cambodia." Sihanouk went on to say that he knew of American bombing of the sanctuaries and would not protest such bombing as long as the areas under attack were not inhabited by Cambodians. "It is in one's own interest, sometimes, to be bombed," he said, "in this case, the United States kills foreigners who occupy Cambodian territory and does not kill Cambodians." Finally, the Prince suggested that there was a way to avoid any bombing incidents-an American withdrawal from Vietnam. "It would seem that it would be impossible to avoid withdrawal," Sihanouk correctly added. "If the United States were now to say that the time had come for the Vietnamese to deal with each other and were to let them solve their problems alone, that would be a good thing."
But Sihanouk's message was stark: The United States should consider a strategic, face-saving retreat. It was too late to save South Vietnam. In the Nixon-Kissinger White House, the messenger carrying bad news was always beheaded. What Kissinger would not say in his memoirs has been said repeatedly by former intelligence operatives who served in South Vietnam: Sihanouk was considered an enemy of the United States.
As in Laos, Green Beret teams led by Americans constantly moved into Cambodia on secret intelligence-gathering trips. The number of such missions, at one time code named "Salem House," rose from fewer than 400 in 1967 and 1968 to more than 1,000 in 1969 and 1970. Some extremely sensitive operations inside Cambodia were conducted with the aid of the Khmer Serei, an anti-Communist Cambodian movement of mercenaries based in Thailand that was dedicated to the overthrow of the Sihanouk government. But the official policy then in effect for the Green Beret units ruled out the use of ethnic Cambodians while on operations inside the country, and the vast majority of such crossborder operations were conducted with Vietnamese, Chinese, or Thai mercenaries. The Khmer Serei and another ethnic Cambodian sect, the Khmer Kampuchean Krom, were also involved in the Phoenix assassination program, aimed at killing suspected Vietcong officials inside South Vietnam. Such operations were carried out by Green Beret special operations teams throughout Vietnam.
Randolph Harrison, the Green Beret lieutenant whose colleagues were killed in the aftermath of the first secret B-52 strike inside Cambodia in March 1969, recalls that Special Forces units operating in the border area at that time were constantly urged by their senior officers to avoid encounters with Cambodian civilians. After an operation in which a Green Beret unit inadvertently blew up a Cambodian civilian bus, causing heavy casualties, Harrison and other Green Berets were ordered to stop carrying American-made weapons while on missions. "There was no secret about what we were doing," Harrison says, "but we just didn't want to give Sihanouk material that he could use against us. Philosophically, we considered Sihanouk to be in bed with the North Vietnamese. We just knew that the North Vietnamese were all over the place."
Forrest B. Lindley was a Green Beret captain commanding a Special Forces team, which included 450 ethnic Vietnamese, near the Cambodian border. His main mission early in 1970 was to coordinate and inject intelligence teams inside Cambodia, and he was constantly pressured to keep the Cambodian sanctuary areas under surveillance. There were repeated complaints from the Sihanouk government about the operations of Lindley's unit, which routinely lobbed artillery shells into Cambodia. "In February of 1970," Lindley recalls, "I was told that there would be a change of government in Cambodia. My radio operator, an enlisted man, actually told me. He got it from the Special Forces B team [a higher command]; they told him that Sihanouk was taking off for France. The radio operator also told me that the Khmer Serei would be going into Cambodia." Lindley was later ordered to transfer two of the four companies under his command to another Green Beret unit as replacements for Khmer Serei units that were going into Cambodia. "Using Cambodians in Cambodia like this had never been done before," Lindley says. "The policy was not to use Cambodians there because of the political ramifications of the United States supporting mercenary troops against their own government. This was a policy change." Lindley was forced to cancel many operations which until then, had been considered a very high priority. He knew at that point that something big was in the air.
Other Americans besides the Green Berets were involved in plots and operations inside Cambodia in the late 1960s. Samuel R. Thornton, a Navy yeoman assigned in May 1968 as an intelligence specialist to the United States Navy command in Saigon, vividly recalls that major planning to overthrow and assassinate Sihanouk was initiated late in 1968 by a Lon Nol representative who was then a high official in the Sihanouk government. Lon Nol was seeking a commitment of American military, political, and economic support after he engineered the overthrow of Sihanouk. The message was relayed by Lon Nol's representative to a Cambodian merchant of Chinese ancestry who regularly traveled between Saigon and Phnom Penh, and who-as Lon Nol and his aides understood-served as an intelligence operative for the United States. The Cambodian merchant was debriefed immediately upon his return by his contact, or "case officer," an American working under cover as an AID adviser to the Vietnamese Customs Service in Saigon. "I was the first person the case officer spoke to after his debriefing of the agent," Thornton recalls.
According to Thornton, the United States did more than pledge its continued support to Lon Nol. It sought to participate in the coup directly. A highly classified operations proposal, initially code named "Dirty Tricks," called for the use of Khmer Kampuchean Krom mercenaries to infiltrate the Cambodian Army before the coup and provide military support if needed. In addition, "the plan included a request for authorization to insert a U.S.-trained assassination team disguised as Vietcong insurgents into Phnom Penh to kill Prince Sihanouk as a pretext for revolution." * After the assassination, "Dirty Tricks" called for Lon Nol to declare a state of national emergency and issue a public request for American military intervention in Cambodia. Such intervention would include assaults against the North Vietnamese and Vietcong sanctuaries along the Cambodian border.
"I was present at some of the discussions which resulted in this plan," Thornton says, "helped prepare the proposal to use Khmer Kampuchean Krom elements, and personally delivered this portion of the proposal to the action office of the MACV [Military Assistance Command headquarters for Vietnam in Saigon] intelligence staff." At least two briefings on "Dirty Tricks" were given to the senior intelligence staff at American military headquarters in Saigon. Thornton remembers that it was late February or early March of ~969 -shortly after Nixon's inauguration-when approval for the operation came from Washington; the message said that there was exceptional interest in the project at "the highest level of government." Thornton says that he and others in his unit interpreted that comment as indicating that President Nixon or one of his top advisers had given personal approval. At that point, the project was given a more discreet code name, "Sunshine Park," and was presented to Lon Nol for his approval.
Lon Nol surprised the Americans by vehemently objecting to the talk of assassinating Sihanouk, calling that part of the plan "criminal insanity." Lon Nol "doubted that either he or the United States Army would be able to control the popular uprising he felt would develop from an attempt to assassinate the Prince, successful or otherwise," Thornton says. Instead, Lon Nol proposed that he lead a coup when Sihanouk left the country for one of his periodic trips to France. Lon Nol stressed "that he had requested originally only overt United States military support for a possible coup, emphasized his impatience with the proposal, and renewed his original request."
Lon Nol's counterproposal was relayed to Washington, where the response was surprisingly cool. Officially, Washington ordered that Lon Nol be told that the United States would have to base a decision to commit American forces in support of a coup on the exigencies of the moment. "Unofficially," Lon Nol "was to be told that, although he could in fact have the requested support, he must understand that the United States was sensitive to international criticism on this point, so that he must be prepared for a show of vacillation and great reluctance." Lon Nol agreed to the American position, Thornton says, and requested that Khmer Kampuchean Krom troops be infiltrated into Cambodian Army units. He also requested a meeting with the KKK commander, who was an exiled Cambodian, and such a meeting did take place, Thornton remembers, in which the two men reached agreement on the infiltration.
Thornton's tour of duty ended in May 1969, by which time the KKK troops had completed their infiltration of Cambodian Army units that were allegedly loyal to Sihanouk. Thornton was not in Asia when Lon Nol took power in 1970, and he has no firsthand information about any American role at that time. But he maintains that he was present earlier at many secret discussions which "resulted in the plan to overthrow the Sihanouk government and either helped prepare or had occasion to handle most of the pertinent documents." Unable to obtain the "Sunshine Park" documents under the Freedom of Information Act, despite repeated requests, Thornton wants the story known and says he would be willing to undergo a lie detector test if necessary. No governmental or congressional unit seems eager to take him up on the offer.
One military man who would not need a lie detector test to be persuaded of Thornton's allegations is Randolph Harrison, the Green Beret officer. A few weeks after Lon Nol took over, Harrison-on his second tour in Vietnam, this time as an Army information officer-happened to be in the Associated Press news office in Saigon when a German freelance photographer brought in some film from Cambodia. The photographs were of war atrocities-beheaded and disemboweled Cambodian Communist cadre killed, so the photographer reported, by the Cambodian troops who were also in the pictures, posing with their victims. Harrison watched as the photographs were processed and was astonished to see that the smiling soldiers were Khmer Serei who had served with him the year before in South Vietnam. "I knew those guys," Harrison says. "They'd been in my Special Forces unit."
Thornton's allegations, when added to the questions raised at the trial of Captain John McCarthy and the recollections of Green Beret officers Randolph Harrison and Forrest Lindley, provide hard-to-ignore evidence that at least some officials in the American government were actively encouraging the overthrow of Sihanouk before 1970. It is scarcely possible that all this activity was going on outside the purview of the White House and the National Security Council. But, if it did, that would in turn raise profound questions about the Nixon Administration's ability to monitor and control the way the Vietnam War was conducted, and especially about Kissinger's responsibility as national security adviser.
Not all the evidence indicating American complicity has emanated from those on the scene in Southeast Asia, however. Stephen W. Linger was an enlisted man who believed utterly in the rectitude of the Vietnam War and the fight against communism when he joined the Army as a volunteer. His high IQ and his patriotism projected him in early 1970 into one of the most secret jobs in the Pentagon-handling top secret and "Eyes Only" messages for the backchannel communications link of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The link, formally known as the Digital Information Relay Center, provided the military with a secure way of exchanging informal single-copy messages not meant to be filed or retained in any form. In a world of secret badges and secret rooms, the Relay Center stood- at the pinnacle. It processed some of the most highly classified communications intelligence in the United States government-including intercepted material from the Soviet Union-and it handled messages between the highest military commanders. It was a vital means of communication for Henry Kissinger, who could relay messages to field commanders in Saigon and elsewhere without the State Department's knowledge and even without the knowledge of Laird or any of his aides in the Department of Defense.
Linger was thrilled at his assignment and the inside look it gave him into the government's activities. Over the months, however, as he began to perceive the difference between what was happening in Southeast Asia and what the newspapers were reporting, he became distressed. By early 1971, Linger was in touch with Jack Anderson, the newspaper columnist, and had begun to relay some of the Relay Center's information to him. Anderson's columns that spring and summer were to stagger Washington-and Henry Kissinger and Richard Nixon.
But on the evening of March 18, 1970, Stephen Linger was still new to his job, and the thought of providing information to a newspaper columnist was far off. Nonetheless, he was curious about what was really happening in Cambodia. There was a high-priority message from an overseas American embassy late that night: Sihanouk, in Moscow, had pleaded with a senior American official to "help me out." Linger followed his usual custom with such messages: He forwarded a copy for immediate dispatch to Kissinger's office and telephoned aides of General Wheeler, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, who would have to wake him up and read him the message. Linger's duty hours were over before an answer came back, but the next day he dug out the file to see what the United States government had decided to tell Sihanouk. The message, when he did locate it, was one he would never forget: America had decided to adopt a "laissez faire" attitude. "The basic thrust of the message was 'lay off and let Sihanouk get overthrown.' " Linger remembers. And there was other immediate backchannel traffic from Washington to Saigon in which the White House and the Pentagon "kept talking about the military requirements for the new regime."
In his memoirs, Kissinger wrote, "We neither encouraged Sihanouk's overthrow nor knew about it in advance. We did not even grasp its significance for many weeks. My own ignorance of what was going on is reflected in two memoranda to Nixon." It was the only point in his 1,500 page memoir when Kissinger took any credit for ignorance.
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Apply a pea-sized drop of toothpaste to a clean cloth. Massage the toothpaste into the stained area and gently massage for a couple of minutes to lift the stain. The toothpaste should foam as it works on the damp area. Promptly remove any leftover toothpaste on the shoe with a damp, clean cloth and allow the fabric to air dry completely.... Slap canvas shoes together to remove loose mud and dirt, or slap the shoes against a concrete driveway or sidewalk. Remove the laces and hand-wash them in the sink with warm water and liquid dish soap.
Dip an old toothbrush in warm water, then apply a dab of whitening, non-gel toothpaste to the bristles. Rub the toothpaste into your leather or canvas shoes. Wipe the shoes with a damp, clean cloth to remove the toothpaste.... Toothpaste: You will need to use a non-gel variant. Apply it on the dirty spots. Once you’ve worked on all the dirty spots, let it sit for about 10 minutes. Take a damp towel and wipe the area clean. In case the stain is a stubborn one, repeat the process again.
Add more toothpaste or water as neccessary to create a smooth lather. Rinse the elastic straps under running water or use a damp washcloth to remove excess toothpaste. Repeat steps 2 through 5 until the straps are clean. how to draw simple cartoon people Toothpaste: You will need to use a non-gel variant. Apply it on the dirty spots. Once you’ve worked on all the dirty spots, let it sit for about 10 minutes. Take a damp towel and wipe the area clean. In case the stain is a stubborn one, repeat the process again.
Toothpaste: You will need to use a non-gel variant. Apply it on the dirty spots. Once you’ve worked on all the dirty spots, let it sit for about 10 minutes. Take a damp towel and wipe the area clean. In case the stain is a stubborn one, repeat the process again.
Therefore, knowing how to clean vans shoes by hand is essential, especially when you have a pair of white ones. The conventional method You should wash your vans with warm water instead of cold one since it is easier to remove the dirt.
Add more toothpaste or water as neccessary to create a smooth lather. Rinse the elastic straps under running water or use a damp washcloth to remove excess toothpaste. Repeat steps 2 through 5 until the straps are clean.
Slap canvas shoes together to remove loose mud and dirt, or slap the shoes against a concrete driveway or sidewalk. Remove the laces and hand-wash them in the sink with warm water and liquid dish soap.
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Nowadays, manufacturers have gone to the extent of introducing devices that can be used to reduce the effects of smoking. Most people have seen the electronic vaporizers advantageous for use while smoking tobacco and bhang. However, vapes have been designed to eliminate the components of nicotine that are inhaled which are harmful to your health. The growth in technology has made it very easy for people to get various categories of vape products. This change has brought about many advantages by making sure people have businesses now. People should take their time to analyze the market and choose the most trustworthy supplier for the vape. The article describes the tips that you need to consider when picking the appropriate online vape shop.
Firstly, consider the type of vape products that the online shops are selling. Vape products have become of different varieties. You need to make sure that the vape products the online shop is selling are the ones you are looking for. Make sure that the online shop you want to select the best have the different categories of products so that you will have a variety of products to choose from. Make sure you purchase products that are safe for use.
Secondly, consider the certification of the online vape shop. Make sure that they sell products that have been confirmed to be healthy by the health officers. Make sure that the law of your state has approved them. Ensure that you do not purchase anything from an online vape shop if you are not sure that they are legal. Ask them to show present their evidence to prove that they are indeed legal. Only pick the vape shop that you are sure of the products that they have. Ensure that the products the online shop are selling are suitable for consumption.
Thirdly, consider the after services they offer to their customers. You need to make sure that if you cannot be able to pick the vape products that you have bought from them, they can provide shipping services so that you will get your products. Be sure if their services will help you meet your needs. You can even ask for recommendations from other people that have accessed their services.
Lastly, consider the cost of the vape products the online shop is offering. Make sure that they offer costs that you can be able to afford. Go for the quality of the vape products they have and not the cost.
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Divorcing when you are a business owner In this video, Attorney David Ward answers, Divorcing when you are a business owner.
Hi, I'm Dave Ward from the Ward Law Firm and we protect business owners facing divorce. Now I've learned a few things over the time that I have been helping business owners. There are some common themes that I see in a lot of the cases that I have. Business owners actually do have a much higher instance of divorce than the general population as a whole. Most of that comes down to time.
A lot of times, business owners are married to their business and their spouse ends up being the affair. The first part is just being thoughtful. Remembering the small things: Birthdays, Valentine's Day, anniversaries, other important days. It's important that your spouse know that you're the one who was thinking of it and not some assistant at the office that you're working with.
Another important thing is taking interest in things that are interesting to your spouse. Believe it or not, for most spouses of business owners, they're not really that interested in the business. Sure, there are things that they want to know about it, but they don't have the same level of interest that a business owner is going to have.
Another important consideration is money. Now obviously most business owners get into business for, among other reasons, to make money. Well, as any business owner knows, it can be very, very stressful being a business owner especially in the case of younger companies and startups. I've heard people say that a lot of times young businesses are a month or two from being bankrupt. That does take a toll on our spouses as business owners. That is something that we also need to be cognizant of. We need to make sure that our spouses are aware of what's going on, that they know that they're okay and that they know that they don't need to be worried about those things. The best way to do that is by sharing information and talking with them.
Finally, the last thing is energy. As I said at the beginning, for many business owners, the business is actually what we're married to and our spouses end up being the affairs. We want to make sure that's not the case but so many times we spend so much time working that when we do finally get home, we don't have the energy to do the things that we've been talking about, such as taking an interest in things and spending time with our spouses.
These are just some of the things that I've picked up over my time working with business owners. If you have any questions, if this is something that is hitting home for you and you'd like to speak to me about it, give me a call at the number below. I'm Dave Ward from the Ward Law Firm and we protect business owners facing divorce.
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The Uruguay national football team represents Uruguay in international association football and is controlled by the Uruguayan Football Association, the governing body for football in Uruguay. The current head coach is Óscar Tabárez. The Uruguayan team is commonly referred to as La Celeste (The Sky Blue). They have won the Copa América 15 times, the most successful national team in the tournament, the most recent title being the 2011 edition. The team has won the FIFA World Cup twice, including the first World Cup in 1930 as hosts, defeating Argentina 4–2 in the final. They won their second title in 1950, upsetting host Brazil 2–1 in the final match, which received an attendance higher than any football match ever.
They have won the Gold Medals in football at the Summer Olympics twice, in 1924 and 1928 recognized by FIFA as World Championships, before the creation of the World Cup. Uruguay also won the 1980 Mundialito, a tournament among former World Cup champions. In total, Uruguay have won 20 official titles, a world record for the most international titles held by any country.
Their success is amplified by the fact that the nation has a very small population of around 3.4 million inhabitants (2011 est.). Uruguay is by far the smallest country in the world to have won a World Cup in terms of population, 1.75 million inhabitants in 1930. The second-smallest country, by population, to have won the World Cup is Argentina with a population of nearly 28 million people in 1978. Uruguay is also the smallest country ever to win any World Cup medals; only six FIFA member nations with a currently smaller population than Uruguay's have ever qualified to any World Cup: Northern Ireland (three times), Slovenia (twice), Wales, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago and Iceland.
Estadio Centenario is the primary home of the Uruguay national team. Uruguay has always been a threat when playing in their home stadium, consistently beating top teams. Even the top ranked Brazil national football team has only managed three wins in 20 opportunities, two were official matches during 2010 and 2018 World Cup qualification, but it was also the heaviest defeat of Uruguay at the stadium, when they lost 4–0 to Brazil in 2009.
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The purpose of this essay is frame the big picture of why the environment is a Jewish issue as well to relay one simple thing everyone can do to help preserve the environment which does not take up much time, nor infringe on one’s lifestyle, nor cost any money.
According to a Midrash God said: “See my works, how fine and excellent they are! All that I created, I created for you. Reflect on this, and do not corrupt or desolate my world; for if you do, there will be no one to repair it after you.” (Midrash Eccesiates Rabbah 7:13) This is a very powerful statement. God is telling us that we are responsible for preserving His creations.
To help ensure the earth’s preservation, God gave the Jewish people many Mitzvot (commandments) that pertain to nature and the environment. One of the 613 Mitzvot in the Torah is not to destroy fruit trees in an offensive war (Deut. 20:19). The name of this Mitzvah is Baal Tash’hit, which means “don’t destroy”. The Rabbis in the Talmud taught that, in fact, all forms of wasting are a violation of the Mitzvah of Baal Tash’hit, and gave several examples such as the breaking vessels in anger and causing a lamp to un-necessarily burn more oil. The Mitzvah of Baal Tash’hit teaches us to conserve resources.
Another Mitzvah is Shmita, not working the land during the seventh year, which teaches us about ecological sustainability; as well as to maintain green belts around cities (Numbers 35:4), the prohibition against grafting diverse seeds and cross breeding animals (Leviticus 19:19), and Shabbat, which is a weekly rest for humans, animals and the natural world. Rabbinic texts are also full of numerous laws pertaining to waste disposal and pollution, as well as the directive that if a person takes water from a well but does not use it all, s/he should not throw it out but find some productive use for it.
God wants us to not just preserve the natural world, but to also appreciate and enjoy it. Therefore, Jewish law requires a blessing to be said upon seeing wonders such as lightening, rainbows, shooting stars, the ocean, etc., as well over food, fragrant trees and flowers. It is a Jewish tradition to say 100 blessings per day, which means 100 times per day we are supposed to pause, appreciate and enjoy.
Today we are faced with numerous environment-damaging realities such as global warming, electromagnetic radiation, pollution, toxic waste, etc., and it is a Mitzvah to do something about it. Judaism, however, does not provide a list of specific things to do. Rather, classical Jewish texts provide a framework for defining the source of the problems and evaluating possible solutions.
The root cause of these environmental issues is simply our extensive desires for energy and usage of fossil fuels, as well as the lack of recycling. A disproportionate percentage of the world’s environmental issues are caused by Americans. For example, the United States consists of less than five percent of the world population but contributes 25% of the world’s global greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, 500,000 trees are used every Sunday to print the Sunday newspapers across the United States of which 71% is not read; and overall only 25% of paper is recycled. The average American throws out 700 pounds of paper every year. With aluminum, 38% is recycled of which recycling takes less than 5% of the amount of energy originally needed produce an aluminum can. Furthermore, only 12% of glass and less than 2% of plastic is recycled. This later number is particularly disturbing because it takes twice as much energy to incinerate plastic as it does to recycle it. It is also estimated that 33% of packaging is unnecessary.
In recent years many countries have taken large-scale measures to help the environment but the United States as a whole lags behind. For example, whereas in the United States 10% of garbage is recycled, in Japan 50% of garbage is recycled. Never-the-less, there are numerous things one can do to help preserve the environment which do not take very much time, nor infringe on one’s lifestyle, nor cost any money.
In addition to putting used paper and empty bottles and cans in the blue recycling bins, another action everyone can do is when an incandescent light bulb in our home burns out, to replace it with a new cost-effective compact fluorescent light (CFL) bulb.
The price of a CFL bulb is about four to five times more than an incandescent light bulb, but it lasts seven to ten times longer, and most important, uses 75% less electricity to produce the same amount of light. This means that replacing the CFL bulbs less often makes up for the additional initial cost of the CFL bulbs. And at the current price of electricity, one will save about $25 in electricity costs over the lifetime of a CFL for every incandescent bulb that is replaced by a CFL bulb. The more CFL bulbs in one’s house, the more savings!
As one can see, replacing incandescent light bulbs with CFL light bulbs is a “no brainer.” Also, whereas 80% of an incandescent light bulb’s light is really heat and not light, CFL bulbs produce almost no heat so houses which use CFL bulbs require even less air conditioning.
Economists have calculated that if every house in the United States would replace just one incandescent light bulb with a CFL bulb the positive effect would be the equivalent there being 1 million less cars on the road.
Not only will switching to CFL bulbs save a family money because CFL bulbs use 75% less electricity to produce the same amount of light, but it is a Mitzvah because by doing so it contributes to there being less global warming, electromagnetic radiation, pollution and toxic waste.
Rabbi Joel Hoffman is on the senior staff of The David Project Center for Jewish Leadership.
The opinions expressed in this essay do not necessarily represent The David Project.
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Lost: Jack and Kate want each other to forget all the struggles they've been through together and the pain they've caused.
Lost: Kate is broken and complicated, but loves Jack above all else. He's torn over whether to stick by her or let her go, but in the end, their bond overcomes everything else.
Lost: Kate wants Jack to know how sorry she is for ever hurting him, and wants him to believe she loves him and will always be there.
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This is for all the kids born in the 70's that do not remember this, and didn't have to bear the burden, that our fathers, mothers, and older brothers and sisters had to bear. In 1999, Jane Fonda was to be honored as one of ABC's "100 Women of the Century." Unfortunately, many have forgotten and still countless others have never known how Ms. Fonda betrayed not only the idea of our country but men who served and sacrificed during Vietnam.
There are several 'Urban legend' accounts of Hanoi Jane's treason and treachery. The most popular is attributed to F-4E pilot, Jerry Driscoll. This alleged incident is proveably false, even by Driscoll himself. For the truth in Jane Fonda's crimes and disgusting behavior, read the book titled: Aid and Comfort, written by Henry and Erika Holzer.
"I was a civilian economic development advisor in Vietnam, and was captured by the North Vietnamese communists in South Vietnam in 1968, and held for over 5 years. I spent 27 months in solitary confinement, one year in a cage in Cambodia, and one year in a "black box" in Hanoi. My North Vietnamese captors deliberately poisoned and murdered a female missionary, a nurse in a leprosarium in Ban me Thuot, South Vietnam, whom I buried in the jungle near the Cambodian border.
When Jane Fonda was in Hanoi, I was asked by the camp communist political officer if I would be willing to meet with Jane Fonda. I said yes, for I would like to tell her about the real treatment we POWs received different from the treatment purported by the North Vietnamese, and parroted by Jane Fonda, as "humane and lenient." Because of this, I spent three days on a rocky floor on my knees with outstretched arms with a large amount of steel placed on my hands, and beaten with a bamboo cane till my arms dipped. I had the opportunity to meet with Jane Fonda for a couple of hours after I was released. I asked her if she would be willing to debate me on TV. She did not answer me."
To add insult to injury, when American POWs finally began to return home (some of them having been held captive for up to nine years) and describe the tortures they had endured at the hands of the North Vietnamese, Jane Fonda quickly told the country that they should "not hail the POWs as heroes, because they are hypocrites and liars." Fonda said the idea that the POWs she had met in Vietnam had been tortured was "laughable," claiming: "These were not men who had been tortured. These were not men who had been starved. These were not men who had been brainwashed." The POWs who said they had been tortured were "exaggerating, probably for their own self-interest," she asserted. She told audiences that "Never in the history of the United States have POWs come home looking like football players. These football players are no more heroes than Custer was. They're military careerists and professional killers" who are "trying to make themselves look self-righteous, but they are war criminals according to law."
On the one hand, Jane Fonda provided no tangible military assistance to the North Vietnamese: she divulged no military secrets, she gave them no money or material, and she did not interfere with the operations of the American forces. Her actions, offensive as they were to many, were primarily of propaganda value only. On the other hand, Iva Ikuko Toguri (also known as "Tokyo Rose") was convicted of treason for making propaganda broadcasts on behalf of the Japanese during World War II (although she claimed her betrayal was forced and was eventually pardoned many years later by President Gerald Ford), and Fonda's efforts could fall under the definition of "giving aid and comfort to the enemy." It is also undeniable that some American soldiers came to harm as a direct result of Fonda's actions, an outcome she should reasonably have anticipated.
Jane Fonda: May you live a thousand more times on this earth to rectify the karma you have generated.
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Many Americans hold beliefs about the flu vaccine that ignore scientific evidence. How do we persuade people that anti-vaxxers' wild theories are bunkum?
Correcting misinformation about the flu vaccines is hard, and the academic literature provides mixed signals about approaches to tackling this problem. The best evidence suggests that a more effective way of dealing with misinformation is not spreading it in the first place. That means avoiding repeating various myths, even if you’re debunking them.
Appealing to widely recognized and accepted societal norms may be also effective, under some circumstances. It also cautions us to be aware that correcting misinformation does not guarantee that people will pursue healthy behaviors.
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It begins with a whisper of leaves stirring, a quick glow from distant lightning, the low growl of the approaching storm.
I awake to the now-familiar pattern as the whisper grows louder and the wind increases, banging and crashing unseen objects into each other, loosening sheets of rain against windows and rattling doors. Angry thunder rumbles across the lake and bounces off mountain walls. Wind and water assault the land with a fierceness that makes my body tense.
I wonder about all those who live in their flimsy structures at the edge of the lake and those who live with hurricanes, holding their breath, wondering if their fragile houses will withstand the unleashed forces of nature.
And, then, like a passing freight train, it’s gone, leaving nothing but a sigh of dripping leaves and then silence.
I feel my body relax, knowing daylight will bring blue skies, clean streets, and a bustle of everyday people going about their everyday lives.
Street reflections from other mornings after the storm.
I love the first street reflection of the storm with the missing top of the buildings shown in the long puddle mirror.
You narrate the storm powerfully, thank you. I experience it in a similar way except it doesn't to me seem like assault, and the thunder sounds more like a happy percussionist than an angry one.
Thanks for sharing your experience ... I love your way of thinking of the storm. I'm sure I would have been one of those primitives who thought the gods needed to be appeased. It scares me and I always feel relieved as it moves on.
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What is an app theme? An app (or application) theme is simply a theme that has advanced functionality for a particular purpose. Among those classified as “app themes” are real estate themes, band themes, coupon based themes, city guide themes, voting themes, directory themes, and a few others. Building upon the usability of WordPress, these app themes often include multiple pages of theme options, built-in custom fields, custom post types, and custom taxonomies, as well as payment gateways or other ways to monetize the sites (such as ad management).
Many of the most popular sites have now been “cloned” and are available as app themes for WordPress. Yelp clones like this one exist, as do clones for Pinterest, Fat Wallet and Retail Me Not, Digg and Reddit, Groupon, and many others.
Two of the most well known companies that are only make application based themes are App Themes and Premium Press. Both companies boast half a dozen or more themes that have tons and tons of extra features. Other companies are catching on though. Another company that only makes app themes is SiteMile, and they are quickly becoming popular as well. Other theme makers such as Tokokoo and InkThemes are jumping on the bandwagon as well, though their themes include a wider range of categories outside of app themes as well.
There are approximately 150 app themes in existence right now (not counting e-commerce themes!), and there is little doubt that the WP industry will see more and more of these types of themes in the future.
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Sanjay Dutt's Real Life BFF A.K.A 'Kamli' From <i>Sanju</i>, Is FINALLY on Social Media!
Sanjay Dutt's Real Life BFF A.K.A 'Kamli' From Sanju, Is FINALLY on Social Media!
Renowned for his impeccable directorial prowess, Rajkumar Hirani's film-making was slightly overshadowed by the performances of his film Sanju's key actors, Ranbir Kapoor, Paresh Rawal and Vicky Kaushal. While it was a powerful story of a father-son relationship that tugged at everyone's heart, one cannot miss the underlying story of an enviable friendship that was brilliantly portrayed in the film. Sanjay Dutt's best friend in the film, the character Kamli played by Vicky Kaushal is based on his real-life best friend, not to mention support-system, Paresh Ghelani.
Ever since the trailer went viral, and the film went on to become a huge success, people are dying to know more about this person in the actor's life who stood by him through thick and thin. Overnight, this businessman has become a much-Googled celebrity!
What's more, Paresh is now on social media, which he announced by penning a moving letter to Sanjay Dutt. In fact, Sanjay and other Bollywood actors who are acquainted with him shared his post on their accounts as a welcoming gesture. Here's the letter he wrote.
"It's been many years of staying away from the social media, I finally give-in to embrace it. As I begin, here to you my brother @duttsanjay.
After watching the film 'Sanju' I was numb, numb with limitless emotions. I wanted to just hug him, hold on to him and cry. Cry endlessly to the years we had lost, to the years we stood by and witnessed this roller coaster called life and the irrevocable loss of loved ones.. To the mistakes we cannot undo, to the strength we cannot find elsewhere but, in each other.
Now, the entire world shares our story, and the story of the man who's made me a part of his and he has thought me how to get up after every fall. It's hard to convey how many different emotions I'm feeling at this time. How many of us can truly say that we've got friends who not only stand by you through thick and thin, but are as much a brother, a mentor, and your live conscience?
Sanju, you have been all that and more. There were moments I've relived from my own life - things I've forgotten, and things I'll never ever forget - on screen.
Sanju is an ode to falling, rising, making mistakes and learning, flaws, imperfection - everything that defines the core of friendship. It is more importantly a relentless pursuit of life with all its shades. I know I share this sentiment with all friends and family close to him.
Sanju - Thank You for being a part of my life. Thank you for making me part of the Pride where we watch each others back; Thank you for always having the protective blanket over me; Thank you for the journey you've dragged me on lovingly and have taught me how to fight the adversity, however it may come. Look past the flaws, the women, the controversies, I love you, and now I can share it with everyone. You always have been, you are and you always will be the greatest friend, brother that anyone can ask for.
Keep roarrrrring... tiger!! #sanju #friendship"
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Robert Joseph Dole (born July 22, 1923), is a former United States Representative and Senator from Kansas. He is best known as being the Majority Leader of the Senate and later as a 1996 presidential candidate.
Born in Russell, Kansas, he graduated from Washburn Municipal University[?] in Topeka, Kansas with an undergraduate degree and law degree in 1952, after attending Kansas University[?] from 1941 - 1943 and the University of Arizona from 1948 - 1949. During World War II Dole served as a combat infantry officer in Italy, was wounded twice and hospitalized for thirty-nine months. Bob Dole married Phyllis Holden, an occupational therapist at a Veterans Hospital in Battle Creek, Michigan, in June 1948. He was admitted to the bar and commenced the practice of law in his hometown in 1952.
He later ran for office and was elected to the State house of representatives serving a two year term ending in 1953. His daughter Robin was born in 1954. He became county attorney of Russell County performing in this capacity until 1961. Dole was then elected as a Republican to the Eighty-Seventh Congress and to the three succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1961 - January 3, 1969). In 1968 he was elected to the United States Senate. He was divorced from his first wife in 1972. He was reelected to the Senate in 1974. He married his second wife, Elizabeth Hanford in 1975. He was reelected to the Senate in 1980, 1986 and again in 1992 (serving from January 3, 1969, to June 11, 1996). In 1996 he resigned to devote his efforts to his Presidential campaign ending his leadership as Majority Leader (1985 - 1987), and earlier as 1995 - 1996 Minority Leader 1987 - 1995; Chairman of the Committee on Finance (1981 - 1985), Special Committee on Security and Cooperation in Europe (1985 - 1987); unsuccessful Republican candidate for Vice President of the United States in 1976; unsuccessful candidate for the Republican Presidential nomination in 1988; unsuccessful Republican nominee for President of the United States in 1996; engaged in the practice of law in Washington, DC, (1997 -).
Following his unsuccessful Presidential campaign, Dole became a television commercial spokesman for such products as Viagra and Pepsi-Cola. Dole's wife, Elizabeth Dole, ran an unsuccessful campaign for the Republican nomination for President in 2000 and was elected to the United States Senate representing North Carolina in 2002.
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On Earth-Two in the early 1940s, Superman built his original Fortress of Solitude, originally referred to as his "Secret Sanctuary" or "Secret Citadel", at the top of a mountain just outside of Metropolis. He later constructed a second Fortress in the "polar wastes".
On Earth-One, the Fortress of Solitude was an immense compound housed within the interior of a mountain range in an isolated region of the Arctic. This was the private sanctuary of Superman. When constructing the Fortress, Superman took special precautions to ensure that only he could ever enter the sprawling edifice. Access to the Fortress was granted by way of a giant, metal arrow-shaped key which was designed to look like a luminous marker from above to guide passing aircraft over the Arctic.
The key itself was located on the peak of a hillock several miles away. Only a person possessing superhuman strength would be strong enough to lift the key. They would then require a means of transporting it across the windy tundra, and hefting it up into the giant-sized keyhole at the front door of the Fortress.
guise of the "Last Son of Krypton", absorbed the energies of the Fortress to heal himself after nearly being killed by the Cyborg Superman. Superman would later rebuild the Fortress, only to have it destroyed by Dominus during the Man of Steel's time as "King of Earth".
A second Fortress would be built by John Henry Irons, using tesseract technology to create a mobile, compact Fortress, though this would be destroyed as well. A third Fortress would be set up before the events of Infinite Crisis in the Amazon. However, this would be abandoned quickly and turned into a tourist attraction. The current Fortress was set up after Superman launched a Kryptonian Sunstone into the Antarctic, the Sunstone's power creating his new base of operations until the events of "Flashpoint".
In the Post-Flashpoint Prime Earth reality, Superman's first Fortress of Solitude was the ship which Brainiac traveled in which had been reprogrammed by Superman as his new base of operations. After his confrontation with Brainiac, Superman's ship is shown connected to Brainiac's ship and also prevents him from returning.
Five years later it is revealed that the ship was destroyed during an unspecified battle and his current Fortress is located in the Arctic. How he constructed this Fortress is currently unknown.
When H'el took control of the Fortress he expelled Superman and Superboy and modified the Fortress's defenses to prevent re-entry. Superman is able to re-enter the Fortress with help from the Justice League and regains control from H'el following his defeat.
After Superman depleted his solar reserves and lost his powers, he traveled to the Fortress using a stolen motorcycle. While trying to gain entry the Fortress A.I was unable to recognize Kal-El's DNA and forcibly removed his Kryptonian armor. Much later, Vandal Savage stole the Fortress, tearing it from the ground. Superman was able to retake control of the Fortress, regained his Kryptonian armor and defeat Vandal, but the experience left him deathly ill. As he put his affairs in order, he hand-picked Supergirl as his successor and gave her a key to the Fortress.
After Superman's death, the New Earth Superman returned to active duty and occasionally visited the Fortress to support his superhero activities. Eventually, Superman came into conflict with Mister Mxyzptlk, who revealed that the two Supermen that occupied the Fortress were actually the same person, and the creation of the Prime Earth universe had caused him to split into two different version. Fortunately, the two Supermen merged into a single, complete Superman and saved reality.
This new, complete Superman continued using the Fortress until it was destroyed by Rogol Zaar. After trapping Rogol in the Phantom Zone, Superman recovered the Fortress' main crystal and constructed a new Fortress in the Bermuda Triangle. This new Fortress would serve as Superman's newest base of operations for the foreseeable future.
Vestibule: The foyer chamber of the Fortress contained a giant statue memorializing Superman's birth parents, Jor-El and Lara. The two renowned Kryptonians were poised holding onto an effigy of Superman's destroyed home world of Krypton.
Armory: Superman maintains a hidden armory vault inside of the Fortress. In the vault are various weapons and firearms confiscated from alien cultures on past missions?
Batman room: This was a privately locked chamber containing various souvenirs acquired during his many adventures with his good friend, the Batman. Many of the souvenirs contained within the Batman room were similar to that found in Batman's own sanctuary, the Batcave. The room also contained a life-size statue of Batman.
Clark Kent room: This was a privately locked chamber in honor of Clark Kent. The room bore no true functionality and existed merely as a means of posterity. Should an intruder ever gain access to the Fortress, this room served as a red herring to convince others that Superman and Clark Kent were indeed two separate people.
Crime-lab: Superman maintained his own highly advanced forensics laboratory equipped with various computerized devices including a lightning fingerprint classifier, an electronic clue analysis machine, and a crime probability detector. A monitoring station was likewise in place, enabling Superman to keep abreast of events taking place across the globe. The crime-lab also featured several lead-lined vaults, where Superman would experiment on samples of Kryptonite in the hopes of finding a way to reverse the minerals lethal effects.
Hangar: A special hangar bay exists containing a vertical shaft, which leads directly through the upper levels of the Fortress to the top of the mountain. Inside the hangar, Superman maintains a mid-sized space ship and the Supermobile.
Hobby-room: When Superman needed to relax, he retired to his hobby room, where he enjoyed creating paintings and sculptures using his heat vision in place of a brush or cutting knife. He also enjoyed playing chess with robot servants on a giant man-sized chess board. The individual game pieces could only be moved with someone of super-strength.
Jimmy Olsen room: This was a privately locked chamber containing various souvenirs pertaining to Jimmy Olsen. Superman used this room as a miniature workshop to personally construct a hand-made racing car specifically for Jimmy Olsen. The room also contained a life-size statue of Jimmy Olsen.
Krypto's chamber: Although Krypto preferred the seclusion of his own private Doghouse of Solitude, Superman maintained a secondary resting place for the pooch-of-steel inside the Fortress.
Lois Lane room: This was a privately locked chamber containing various souvenirs pertaining to Lois Lane. Superman included several legacy gifts that were to be given to Lois in the event that Superman should ever die. The room also contained a life-size statue of Lois Lane.
Supergirl quarters: It was a whole extra wing built by Superman for Supergirl's use after his cousin's first successful mission. It included a living room and Supergirl's own trophy room.
Trophy room: One of the larger sections of the Fortress, this room contained various trophies and souvenirs from Superman's terrestrial and off world adventures. Each item in the trophy room boasted a placard indicating the name or case file germane to the adventure in question. A private hall within the trophy room contains lead lined-statues of members of Superman's Kryptonian family.
Zoo: Superman maintained an elaborate game preserve filled with various interplanetary animals. Many of the animals found in the zoo were either representative of an endangered species or the last surviving specimens of destroyed worlds. As Superman's own home world was destroyed, he shared a special bond with these creatures. Occasionally, some of the animals would escape from the zoo, but Superman always labored to keep them healthy and secure.
Duplicator Ray: Superman maintains a Duplicator Ray in a secure vault inside the Fortress. On occasion, this device is used for the reproduction of Bizarros.
Kandor: Superman maintained the shrunken, bottled city of Kandor in a special chamber at the Fortress.
Phantom Zone Projector: Superman owned a Phantom Zone Projector similar to that invented by his later father, Jor-El. He routinely used the device to banish renegade Kryptonians back into the Phantom Zone.
Superman robots: Superman maintained a storehouse filled with robotic automatons in his likeness. He would frequently employ these artificial duplicates to respond to emergencies on Earth were he ever off the planet or otherwise incapacitated.
Supermobile: On the rare occasion when Superman is unable to use his flight capabilities, he will rely upon the use of the Supermobile.
Bottled City of Kandor: Kandor is a miniaturized city populated with people from various alien cultures. It is named after the original Kandor City, a lunar colony from Superman's home planet, Krypton. Superman keeps the shrunken city inside the Fortress for safe-keeping.
Arsenal: One of the most highly guarded rooms in the Fortress, this is where Superman stockpiles various hi-tech weapons that he confiscates during his many adventures. Although he never resorts to using weaponry himself, he often studies their technology in the hopes of finding something of societal value.
Atomic Cauldron: Located deep in the Earth, the atomic cauldron is the most powerful furnace in the world. The cauldron operates off of liquefied Sunstone crystals and is used to provide power to the entire fortress. The cauldron is maintained by several Superman robots.
Interplanetary Habitat: This is a highly controlled environment filled with exotic and often endangered creatures from around the galaxy. Some of the animals found in the habitat include the Metal Boar, the Black Mercy, the Duplorian Hawk and the Thought-Beast.
Museum/Trophy Room: Superman maintains a gallery of artifacts and souvenirs that he has acquired over the span of his career. Inside are several scale models and dioramas of Krypton and its cities. The trophy room also contains a gallery of statues commemorating other heroes he has worked with, including the JLA and the Legion of Super-Heroes.
Science Laboratory: Superman's laboratory is one of the most highly advanced science labs in the world. Here he studies the substance known as Kryptonite in the hope of finding a way to reverse its effects on Kryptonian physiology. He also uses the lab in an attempt to cure Daxamite lead poisoning, so that he might one day free his friend Mon-El and from the Phantom Zone. Superman also uses the lab in the hopes of finding a way to restore the people of Kandor to their normal size.
Key: This was originally a giant golden key mounted on a peak some miles away from the Fortress. Due to its immense size and weight, only someone as strong as Superman could hope to lift it and unlock the massive doors guarding the Fortress. Superman has since removed it from its original position and relocated to the Museum inside the Fortress.
Kryptonian Warsuit: A relic of Kryptonian culture, this over-sized battle-suit was worn by his ancestors during Krypton's last war. It also served as a mobile hospice, slowly healing Superman of his injuries after a fatal run-in with Doomsday.
Phantom Zone Portal: A portal in name only, this is actually a large circular window into the Phantom Zone. By operating a controller, Superman can analyze various depths and regions of the Zone.
Phantom Zone Projector: Developed by his later father Jor-El, this device is used to transport living matter directly into the Phantom Zone. It was first used to sentence the mad Kryptonian scientist, Jax-Ur, into exile after his experiments with interstellar travel caused the destruction of a Kryptonian lunar colony.
Statue of Jor-El and Lara: High above the center of the Fortress rests a floating statue commemorating Superman's parents, Jor-El, and Lara. The statue is mounted on a Sunstone base and displays his parents holding up a miniature model of Krypton.
Superman Robots: Throughout his career, Superman has often used a variety of robots molded in Superman's image to perform various tasks. He restricted the use of these robots after one of them went rogue killing two members of the Titans, Lilith Clay, and Donna Troy (although Donna has since returned to life). One of the surviving robots was named Ned and was programmed to feed and take care of Krypto when Superman was absent. Currently, a small supply of robots are used to maintain the Atomic Cauldron.
Sunstone Simulator: The Sunstone simulator is a highly advanced computer network that operates off the self-replicating pneumatic Sunstone Crystals. This simulator is the virtual embodiment of all Kryptonian knowledge and culture. By sliding specific crystals into their corresponding receptacles, Superman can activate a holographic simulation of his father, Jor-El. The Jor-El simulation is programmed to speak and react as if he were still a living, conscious being. Because the knowledge from the Sunstone Crystals was intended exclusively for Superman, the Jor-El hologram addresses everyone who activates the simulator as "Kal-El".
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SeqWare currently provides four tools specifically designed to support massively parallel sequencing technologies (Illumina, ABI SOLiD, 454). The first is a LIMS web application (SeqWare LIMS) to manage samples, record computational events, and present results back to end users. The second component is a pipeline (SeqWare Pipeline) which consists of many different programs useful for processing and annotating sequence data. These can be combined with other tools (BFAST, BWA, SAMtools, etc) and strung together to form more complex workflows to support many experiment types. Third, a query tool (SeqWare Query Engine) is available to database and query variants and other events inferred from sequence data. Finally, SeqWare MetaDB provides a common database to store metadata used by all components. All four tools can be used together or separately.
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To select Saquon Barkley, or not to select Saquon Barkley, that is the question for teams picking at the top of the draft.
<table align="right" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" width="220"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table align="right" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" width="220"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table align="right" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="220"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="#e6e6e6"> <br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: medium; font-weight: bold; color: #003c7f;" colspan="2" bgcolor="#e6e6e6">NEWS</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: #990000;" bgcolor="#e6e6e6" width="9">></td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6e6" width="204">Cover 3: Needs on offense vs. defense</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: #990000;" bgcolor="#e6e6e6" width="9">></td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6e6" width="204">Okwara motivated for comeback season</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: #990000;" bgcolor="#e6e6e6" width="9">></td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6e6" width="204">Two Giants ranked in PFF's Top 101 players</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: medium; font-weight: bold; color: #003c7f;" colspan="2" bgcolor="#e6e6e6">PHOTOS</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: #990000;" bgcolor="#e6e6e6" width="9">></td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6e6" width="204">History of 2nd overall draft pick</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: medium; font-weight: bold; color: #003c7f;" colspan="2" bgcolor="#e6e6e6">VIDEOS</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="color: #990000;" bgcolor="#e6e6e6" width="9">></td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6e6" width="204">What are the best fits for draft's top QB's</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </td> </tr> </tbody> <tbody></tbody> </table> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br> Surrounded by a quarterback class that has been hyped for well over a year now, the running back out of Penn State is viewed by many as the best overall prospect. But we all know how important the quarterback position is and how no team wants to miss on the player who could serve as the face of the franchise for the next decade or more. No pressure.
Of course, Cleveland could make things easy for teams, including the Giants at No. 2, by drafting Barkley No. 1 overall. But he would be the first running back taken at the top spot since 1995, when the Bengals selected Ki-Jana Carter, another Nittany Lion.
In two weeks, Barkley will be among 336 prospects participating in the four-day job interview known as the NFL Scouting Combine in Indianapolis. The testing, timing, physical exams and interviews that go on there will answer some questions, but not to a point where it will be a foregone conclusion when the first round begins on April 26.
Until then, the debate wages on.
Kiper has Barkley No. 1 overall on his current big board, followed by North Carolina State defensive end Bradley Chubb, Alabama defensive back Minkah Fitzpatrick, and quarterbacks Josh Allen of Wyoming, Josh Rosen of UCLA and Sam Darnold of USC.
Both Kiper and McShay have Rosen going to the Giants in their latest mock drafts.
“This is a tough one because if there is a window, it’s closing quickly,” McShay said. “But you’ve got to remember this is a team that won a lot of football games two years ago, and if you’re a glass half-full kind of guy, you’re looking at it and saying, ‘Why can’t we get back to that? We need to have a good draft, we need to make a couple small moves in free agency, and let’s get right back on track.’ The problem is you don’t plan on drafting this high – no one ever does – but it’s not likely they’re going to wind up with the No. 2 pick in a draft where we all agree there’s some talent at quarterback.
So that clears things up, right? Not exactly.
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The Thirtieth Anniversary of the June 1967 debacle has been an occasion to evoke painful memories, draw lessons, assess the causes of Arab defeat and produce a host of written analytical articles and historical essays, reminiscences and recollections. While it will still take time to grasp the profound significance of this traumatic experience in the lives of the Arab peoples, the dreams, rights and aspirations of the Arab nation remain the guiding force to sustain our commitment and empower us to achieve the legitimate goals that have eluded us, and which the June 1967 tragedy nearly dealt a fatal blow. The consequences of that dramatic setback are still being felt today.
For the continuing yearnings of the Arab peoples to be realized, what is required is a process of self-criticism and a reassessment of the intellectual premises, the behavioral patterns and the policies adopted in the pursuit of this goal. A serious inquiry questioning and scrutinizing many of the assumptions that have underpinned contemporary Arab nationalism is needed. This necessarily embodies a plan of action to prevent Arab nationalism from becoming a major and perhaps the only fallout of the June 1967 collapse. It is an act of conscience in order to shield Arab nationalism from the flaws and failures of its leaders, parties, and institutions, which at one time or another, claimed, or in reality were, the repository of our confidence and trust, and to whom we Arabs, voluntarily and even enthusiastically entrusted our national destiny.
This is particularly true of the Arab peoples' relationship with Gamal Abdul Nasser, whose articulation of our deepest yearnings, ennobling defiance of dominance, charismatic personality and sincere commitment tendered the Arab masses uncritical and totally identified with every decision he made and with every policy he sought to pursue. The identification was of such intimacy that when he resigned in the aftermath of the disastrous defeat of 1967 the instant and stunning popular reaction calling on him to stay on was tantamount to a restorative act. While this reaction may in part have been an expression of fear of the unknown, it revealed an institutional vacuum that the masses instinctively sought to fill by an unprecedented demonstration of loyalty and affection. This was the same phenomenon that manifested itself when President Nasser died on 28 September 1970.
What happened in between June 1967 and September 1970 was that Nasser was transformed from being the unchallenged leader of the Arab people to being a President of Egypt supported and respected by the same Arab people. In other words, the following Nasser had from the mid-Fifties changed from one of unquestioning loyalty to one of sympathetic support for his leadership and policies. At the Khartoum Summit on 1 September 1967, he was successful in spelling out for the Arab World the famous three NOs: No to recognition of Israel, No to negotiations with Israel, and No to peace with Israel. As a result of his leadership, a state of belligerency with Israel persisted and a war of attrition, albeit limited, was ushered in to render Israeli occupation and aggression costly. The political and diplomatic damage of the military setback was successfully controlled. UN Security Council Resolution 242 drew the parameters of a peace settlement. The outcome, as envisioned in 242, was an Israel confined to the 4 June 1967 borders that would be grudgingly accepted as part of a new and emerging state system in the region.
Another result of the June 1967 war was the Arab state system replaced the Arab nationalist project of independence, freedom and unity. This state system acknowledged the de facto legality of an Israeli state, but not necessarily its legitimacy. If the operative parts of UN Security Council Resolution 242 were to be complied with by Israel, then the Arab state system would accommodate Israel and co-exist with it. In essence, the consequence of the June 1967 war planted the seeds of an imagined new "Middle East" state system, replacing Pan-Arab nationalist aspirations. As is often the case, the Arab leaders and intellectuals admitted the unpleasant and discomforting realities but at the same time refused to submit to their inevitable permanence. The war of attrition was one aspect. Bringing the issues arising from the conflict to the UN was another and the debate about the causes of the debacle and how to address them was a further demonstration of refusal to succumb to defeat.
Amidst the gloom that pervaded the Arab political landscape after the war, the battle of Karameh took place in March 1968 in the Ghor Valley of Jordan, where Palestinian guerrillas and Jordanian soldiers successfully engaged the Israeli army. This development galvanized Arab opinion and allowed Fateh to assume the leadership of the Palestine Liberation Organization. The PLO ceased to be the protégé of the Arab state system and became the rallying force of an invigorated Palestinian and Arab body politic. In retrospect, the Palestinian situation was transformed revolutionized would be an exaggerated description and the PLO became for the Arabs the embodiment of a hope restored and a sense of purpose rediscovered. The leaderless Arab masses were disappointed if not disillusioned by the June 1967 defeat. They entrusted (once again without questioning) the PLO with the functions of setting policies, providing leadership and devising strategies for a resumed struggle. The delegation of leadership to the PLO was premature, and given in a hurried rather than a studied way, even by the official Arab leadership, impressed by the tide of popular support for the organization.
The PLO leadership assumed that the popularity and support it had acquired gave it a license to intervene in the affairs of the Arab states, especially those where a significant Palestinian constituency resided, as a partner with the right to shape their policies. While the PLO received varying degrees of tolerance and support from the Arab states, the PLO leadership tended at times to exaggerate its own power, thus falling into the trap of those elements, regional and local, that sought to deny legitimacy to its presence, struggle, and fruits. Over the years, a series of miscalculations and mishandling of popular support dissipated the frail leverage the PLO had with the Arab governing establishments. Black September in Jordan, the alienation of Syria's leadership, and the lengthy and, in many ways, unwarranted conflicts in Lebanon could have been avoided. or at least, contained.
In essence, Fateh, the pivotal and dominant faction in the PLO coalition, was often outmaneuvered by the disparate groups within its framework. The more radical groups, themselves divided, often took measures, adopted policies, and spelled out slogans, without prior consultation or coordination with the other coalition partners of the PLO. Competition to find supporters among the various groups e.g., Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Democratic Front, PFLP-General Command, etc. - severely damaged the effectiveness of the PLO on the ground as well as its credibility amongst Arab and international supporters and sympathizers. Other groups had vertical links to Arab governments - Saiqa with Syria, the Arab Liberation Front with Iraq, etc. - that were much firmer, binding and constraining on them than the horizontal bonds necessary for national Palestinian cohesion and effectiveness in the pursuit of goals.
During the Seventies, the PLO was perceived as basically fragmented with factions trying to outbid each other for support. It assumed the character of an associational framework rather than the vanguard of a liberation struggle. The PLO, nevertheless, extracted from the League of Arab States recognition that it was "the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people." All regional and international organizations followed suit. Thus its legal and diplomatic status was further enhanced. This enabled the PLO to enjoy an international status and acceptability that turned out not to be matched by its status or statute within the Arab system.
After recognition of the PLO, the Arab official establishment unburdened itself of the direct national Arab responsibilities for the cause of Palestine and contented itself with only diplomatic, financial and informational support to the PLO, to whom the other responsibilities, for example military, were considered to have been delegated. This limited Arab support was undoubtedly helpful, but definitely inadequate to face, let alone confront, the overall strategic challenges and threats that Israel posed. This imbalance was further sharpened by the United States strategic commitment to Israeli military superiority.
The designation by the Arab states of the PLO as the "sole representative" of the Palestinian people thus led it to assert an absolute prerogative of independent decision making. What followed was that every policy or decision concerning Israel's violation or denial of Palestinian human, political, cultural, or social rights became the exclusive authority of the PLO as a result of the 1974 Arab League Summit resolution in Rabat. The Arab states abandoned their national responsibility to the PLO, a weak and troubled organization with divided leadership. Within the Arab system, the PLO was given the trappings of sovereignty at the expense of the Arabs' functional responsibility to help achieve for the Palestinian people the justice and sovereignty they remained entitled to and which Israel forcibly sought to prevent.
Enjoying the paraphernalia of a head of state within the Arab state system, PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat triumphantly addressed the UN General Assembly on 29 November, 1974. This diplomatic achievement further enhanced the legal status of the PLO and enabled it to expand its political and diplomatic access to the world. In turn, this fact strengthened the recognition of the inalienability of Palestinian rights and the legitimacy of the PLO's claims and proclaimed aspirations. The UN, the Organization of African Unity, the Islamic Conference and the Non-Aligned Movement were all sympathetic forums for the PLO to articulate its policies., win support, and establish a wide network of relations and assistance that rendered the cause of Palestine universally recognized as a just cause, Israel's powerful propaganda machine notwithstanding.
Shouldering unilateral responsibility for decision making in the Palestine-Israeli confrontation made the PLO assume the character of a government. Its structure became bureaucratic. It loosened its organic bonds with many of the Arab world's nationalist constituencies, and replaced these bonds with formal bilateral relations with the Arab states. The notion that it was the "solo legitimate representative" in matters affecting the Palestinian cause embedded it in an Arab system in which states adhered to their own sovereignty, and treated this sovereignty as conferring a right to be separate from other Arab states, all of which reinforced the disintegration of pan-Arab nationalist unity. The June 1967 defeat, which facilitated this corrosive trend, culminated in the Camp David Agreements and, on 24 March 1979, the peace treaty between Egypt and Israel. From that time onwards, Arab nationalist bonds were weakened and the late President Sadat's policies encouraged separatist, sectarian, regional and isolationist trends that continue, until today, to play havoc with Arab collective efforts to shape coherent strategies for a just, durable, and comprehensive peace. This in turn has led to the continued failure of efforts to establish among the Arab states a modicum of unity that would allow the Arabs to reclaim their collective future and enable them to partake in the task of rebuilding their fragmented some would say shattered patrimony.
For the past thirty years, two intersecting political undercurrents have had significant consequences for the Palestine problem. One was that the sovereign legal status of the Arab states became accepted as legitimate and the other was the conferring on the PLO of the status of a state within the Arab state system. Prior to June 1967, Arab nationalists of all persuasions treated the sovereignty of their respective states as transitional and only to be recognized in relation to non-Arab and foreign powers. For this reason, the League of Arab States, while codifying the legality of its members' sovereignty, expounded in its charter the paramount legitimacy of inter-Arab links and their shared responsibility toward common Arab causes. The charter further prescribed a binding coordination and spelled the need for an ongoing consensus. The guidelines were nevertheless frequently violated; most seriously by the Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty and Iraq's invasion of Kuwait.
Despite declarations that support for the "Palestinian" cause was considered the "core" of Arab foreign and national policies, Arab governments treated Palestinian politics and the PLO pretensions of "non-interference" with skepticism and often with suspicion and confrontation. The PLO, on the other hand, considered that it had a right to pursue its legitimate and revolutionary objectives within and from the countries of its temporary residence. The PLO, claiming it was shepherding a liberation struggle, assumed that its needs should be treated as the priority concern of the host governments. This logic found widespread sympathy among a large segment of the Arab countries' populations but exacerbated tensions in the PLO's relations with several Arab governments. Accusations of the PLO acting as a "state-within-a-state" became a divisive instrument leading ultimately to defusing and debilitating the widespread early support the PLO enjoyed in the aftermath of the Karameh encounter.
Factionalism within the PLO, and the leadership's misplaced haughtiness and arrogant behavior toward the host populations, contributed to the growing weariness with the PLO, transforming its status from a rallying point of the Arab masses to a promulgator of inter-Arab controversy. In many instances the Palestine cause remained popular internationally but became problematic internally and nationally in the Arab World.
The October 1973 War brought about a new equation. With Egypt breaking through the Bar-Lev line, the Syrian army recovering Qunaitra and the Saudi imposition of an oil embargo, the Arab state system regained its credibility and effectiveness. A new balance emerged leading the Arab states to reaffirm their primacy in fashioning the strategy of the Arab-Israeli conflict.
Confronting Israel was seen once again as the Arab states' responsibility. Egypt and Syria believed that fighting Israel was serious military business, no longer to be entrusted exclusively to the PLO guerrillas. Besides, military or guerrilla action had to be coordinated with the overall priority, namely the security requirements of the Arab states involved. In other words, Palestinians had to realize their limitations in this field in order to optimize their political and diplomatic leverage and tap their potential support. Revolutionary euphoria had to become subordinate to the imperatives of geopolitical considerations and the emerging and changing balance of power in the region.
The October War undertaken by Egypt and Syria in 1973 reconsolidated the Arab states' role in the overall management of the Arab-Israeli conflict, confirming a trend that had started with Jordan's earlier crackdown on the Palestinian guerrillas in the notorious Black September. The PLO guerrillas' exodus to Lebanon made this vulnerable country the only arena for the Palestinian movement to air its grievances and aspirations and the only theater for guerrilla operations against Israel. As other Arab states were gaining and consolidating their sovereignty, primacy, and prerogatives, in contrast, the state in Lebanon was losing its hold on its sovereign prerogatives. This in turn led to a tragic paradox, a total breakdown of civilian life and the ensuing factional uncivil wars that planted the seeds of Lebanon's destruction and the PLO's new exodus and dispersal in 1982. In Lebanon, the PLO and the Lebanese National Movement led by Kamal Jumblat, the charismatic socialist leader, constituted a formidable political alliance. Shielding the Palestinian military in its only operational arena undoubtedly resonated among Lebanon's frustrated population, its revolutionary romantics, the socially deprived and the pan-Arab nationalists. In a way, this allowed the progressive forces of Lebanon to be a magnet to those throughout the Arab World who sought to pursue revolutionary dreams and activities. While this Lebanese progressive-Palestinian coalition enabled the PLO to sustain its military operational options, the political consequences were the sharpening of the internal divisions inside Lebanon itself.
That the Palestinian military option should be concentrated in Lebanon was perceived by many in Lebanon as an unfair burden to be carried solely by that country. It also gave Israel pretexts for savage retaliation. Earlier arrangements between the PLO and the Lebanese state, e.g., the Cairo Agreement, that defined the scope of relationships, were thrown off balance by the socio-political polarization taking place; for example, the allied Palestinian-Lebanese National Movement forces fought intermittently and ferociously with the right wing militias of the Lebanese Front. The social and political hemorrhage resulting from the numerous atrocities provided the opportunity for Israel twice to invade Lebanon and establish, directly and with a local mercenary militia (the South Lebanese Army), a foothold that has disabled Lebanon, even at this writing, from exercising its sovereignty over its occupied southern part, in utter contempt and defiance of UN Security Council Resolution 425 and other relevant ones. Lebanon, for more than eighteen years, became the arena where regional and international powers settled their accounts by proxy. Equally unfortunate, especially after August 1982, a new Palestinian dispersal took place and lingering divisions among the Lebanese were reinforced.
With Lebanon exhausted by its civil wars, Israels invasions of 1978 and 1982, the near ruin of Beirut and the mortal blows visited on the Lebanese citizens and the Palestinian residents there, the Arab state system intervened to address the problem: prevent the further internal hemorrhage and erosion of Arab credibility, and limit the damage to the Palestinian cause. The result was, on the one hand, the Taif Agreement on 22 October 1989, which found a new formula for social peace in Lebanon, and on the other hand, the opening of a PLO dialogue with the U.S. as a result of the PLO's acquiescence to the operative parts of Security Council Resolution 242, and its acceptance of language on "terrorism," as requested by the U.S.
In the 1980s, the Arab World was jolted by a series of traumatic developments that compounded the already existing complex conditions. Besides the theatrical 1978 visit of President Sadat to Jerusalem, which led to the peace treaty between Egypt and Israel, the fall of the Shah of Iran, and the victory of the Islamic Revolution in Iran, there was a reigniting of inter-Arab disputes and conflicts. With Egypt's suspension from the League of Arab States, since its treaty with Israel was considered a clear violation of the League's Charter, a void was created which nearly paralyzed Arab cooperation, let alone Arab unity.
The coincidence of Egypt's peace treaty with Israel and the occurrence of the Islamic Revolution in Iran had a decidedly deep impact on the Arab World in the Eighties. The two developments tended to pull the region apart. The Arab League sought, from its temporary headquarters in Tunis, to rally the Arabs toward a strategy to limit their losses and salvage as much as possible of the Arab consensus. Through the Fez Summit in September 1982, the League was able to realize this limited objective in the aftermath of the Israeli devastation of Lebanon and the new exodus of the PLO.
Egypt's defection from the Arab ranks in this period emboldened Israel to strike at will. Its raid oil Iraq's nuclear facilities, its invasion of Lebanon and its complicity in the Sabra and Shatila massacre, all accomplished with no serious damage to its strategic cooperation with the U.S., put the Arabs at a basic disadvantage. This was further compounded by the war between Iran and Iraq that sapped the energies and vitality of the Arab states in general and of Iraq in particular. In the early Eighties, Iraq's projection of power, while welcome among the Arab Gulf states as a deterrent to the possible "export" of Iranian revolutionary ideas, was also a source of anxiety as to possible future attempts to promote its territorial claims and seek political and economic hegemony in the area. This, fear of Iran and anxiety toward Iraq provided an opening for bringing the Gulf states together into a new subregional council the Gulf Cooperation Council that subtly constituted a separate caucus within the Arab state system.
Egypt was immobilized as a factor in the Arab-Israel conflict. When, for example, Israel invaded Lebanon, Egypt could not contribute to make it costly for Israel by withdrawing its ambassador from Tel Aviv let alone sever diplomatic relations, as was expected by most of the Egyptians themselves.
Iraq's war with Iran and its devastating consequences weakened the Arab side of the strategic balance with Israel.
The continued and bloody strife in Lebanon before and after the Israeli invasion of 1982 furthered the transformation of Lebanon from an experiment in democratic pluralism to be emulated to an example of intrusive communal wars to be shunned and avoided.
The 1982 invasion of Lebanon also resulted in the dispersal of the Palestinian Resistance and the PLO transfer of its headquarters to Tunis.
Israel extended operations into North Africa with its raid on the PLO in Tunis, and the U.S. also launched a North African raid, with an aerial attack on Libya.
Israel continued its annexationist policies in Jerusalem and settlements and deportations in violation of relevant UN resolutions and in total contempt of the international community. That Israel could pursue its aggression and violations with impunity was due in part to the U.S. shielding it from condemnation and international sanctions and in part to the license that Arab divisions and separatist pursuits provided.
The fragmentation of the Arab body politic, the plummeting of the Arab collective's credibility, and a growing perception that an Arab effective strategy was not forthcoming, led the Palestinians inside the occupied territories to take the initiative in fashioning their own resistance independently of the Arab establishment but with the expectation of Arab popular support. The Palestinian Intifada the Uprising that started on 9 December 1987 brought a modicum of sensibility and coherence to the Palestinian cause after years of dispersal, factionalism, and lack of focus. The Intifada settled many contradictions within the movement. It defined the parameters of Palestinian objectives. Resistance was to be confined to the territories occupied after June 1967. It put to rest both the so called "Jordanian options" as well as the cherished hope of a "secular democratic state' in historical Palestine.
Equally important, the Intifada organized civil society inside the occupied territories, defined clearly its deference to the PLO leadership and its guidelines, treated the national unity of the Palestinian people as its principal vehicle, and decidedly assumed the right of rendering resistance functional, operational and performance oriented. The Intifada uplifted the Arab peoples' spirit, inspired the conscience of the world, and prepared the way for concrete political and diplomatic achievements. Once again, nearly twenty years after June 1967, the Arab nation was on the threshold of regaining hope and focus.
As a result, the Palestinian National Council meeting in Algeria was ready to declare a Palestinian state within the boundaries tendered legitimate and generally acceptable by the Intifada's authenticity. International legality as defined by the various UN resolutions spelled out what Palestinian rights to self-determination were in the occupied territories of June 1967. On the 20th anniversary of the June 1967 defeat, new vistas for Palestinian national rights were introduced.
The close of the Eighties witnessed a gradual restoration of relative order in the Arab system. The end of the Iraq-Iran war promised to bolster the overall Arab negotiating position with Israel. It was believed that a normalizing process with Iran would hasten a rapprochement with the Gulf states, add significant leverage to Arab clout in the international arena, and inhibit the spread in the Arab World of Iran's version of Islamic fundamentalism. With the declaration of the state of Palestine on 15 November 1988, the improved status of the PLO, and the restoration by the Intifada of a clear sense of Arab purpose and direction, it was decided that when the issue of Palestine was to be discussed in the United Nations General Assembly on 29 November 1988, Chairman Yasser Arafat should address it. He was expected to expound on the importance of the Declaration of Statehood to the future of peace in the "Middle East." When the application for an entry visa was submitted through the normal channels, the U.S. Secretary of State, George Shultz, violating the Headquarters Agreement with the UN, denied a visa to Mr. Arafat. Promptly, the Arab group initiated proceedings to move the UN General Assembly to Geneva with two dissenting votes, the U.S. and Israel. This voting record, parenthetically, continues to characterize the voting pattern of both countries on most issues relating to the Arab-Israeli conflict.
Moving the UN General Assembly to Geneva was a diplomatic boost that carried with it certain risks. The U.S. sought, especially through Egypt, to compensate its procedural defeat with a measure of substantive achievement. This became possible in view of the thaw in Soviet-U.S. relations, and the desire of the PLO to usher in a dialogue with the U.S., and to probe the possibility of the U.S. exercising some pressure on Israel to "relent" on its intransigence. While there was much wishful thinking in the PLO's assessment of the U.S. possibly distancing itself from Israel's policies (President Bush and Secretary Jim Baker made critical remarks of Israel's excesses in lobbying, etc,), the PLO was willing, despite advice to the contrary, to acquiesce to the U.S. condition that the PLO not only denounce but also renounce "terrorism."
With Iraq at peace or no longer at war with Iran, an improvement in the Arab strategic situation became possible. During the Iraq-Iran conflict, Egypt played a significant role in assisting Iraq, making the latter take the lead in the move to readmit Egypt to full membership in the League of Arab States. This in turn made it possible for Egypt to regain its pivotal position in Arab affairs, albeit with the constraints and conditions that its treaty with Israel imposed.
With Egypt's return to the "Arab fold," Iraq back as a potential contributing factor to the overall Arab equation, and the League's Tripartite Commission (Morocco, Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait) successfully ending the conflicts in Lebanon through the Taif Agreement, signed on 22 October 1989, a reasonable start in reconstructing the Arab system was taking shape. Moreover, the Intifada continued to challenge Israel's occupation and mitigated the limitations that the Camp David Agreements imposed on Egypt's strategic economic and diplomatic mobility.
The Arabs entered the Nineties in a relatively orderly fashion, hoping for a period of restored stability. In the middle of 1990, however, the promise and the system broke down. The reconstructive process was short-lived and then aborted and the Arab system was seriously damaged some would say fatally by Iraq's invasion of Kuwait on 1 August 1990.
Not only was the Arab system challenged by the invasion: The underpinnings of Arab nationalism and Arab identity were severely questioned and openly attacked. Iraq's invasion was a clear violation of both the UN and the Arab League charters. It was inevitable that both organizations would be seized of the issue and condemn Iraq. The U.S. and the Western powers were concerned about economic and strategic consequences, and the invasion accelerated the political pressure for a U.S. sponsored intervention. Earlier threats by President Saddam Hussein against Israel had intensified and fueled the campaign against Iraq in the U.S. The efforts of Arab leaders to redress Iraq's infraction were without success. At the Cairo Summit meeting in August 1990, attempts at a solution arrived at through Arab mediation were disregarded by the majority of the Arab states. Kuwait considered any suggestions or advocacy of Arab mediation to be an act of ''betrayal" that should be treated as a "pro-aggression" stand. A divided Summit sanctioned U.S. intervention. The breach within the Arab ranks was so profound that it exacerbated the early disarray caused by Egypt's treaty with Israel. The subsequent UN-authorized enforcement measures on Iraq, led by the U.S., were devastating, divisive, and costly to the Iraqi people, and destroyed Iraq's infrastructure. The outcome of the war emasculated Iraqs sovereignty and undermined Iraq's territorial integrity. Iraq was excluded from all consequential decision-making in all Arab deliberations. The tremendous suffering and impoverishment of the Iraqi people and the death of hundreds of thousands of women and children later heightened the crime of conscience throughout the Arab World and belatedly began to outweigh understandable Kuwaiti opposition to normalization with Iraq.
The liberation of Kuwait by the U-S -led coalition put the U.S. in a position to organize a major conference in Madrid on the Arab-Israeli conflict, and usher in what later became the current "peace process." With the subsequent collapse of the USSR, and thus the removal of the countervailing global power, the new international equation made it clear that the U.S. alone was determining the pace of the negotiating process. Yet twelve rounds of negotiations failed to bear any substantial results.
While the negotiations wore taking place in Washington, Israel decided to harness its new geopolitical status given its strategic cooperation with the U.S. and its political clout in the Congress by opening a secret channel to the Palestinians in Oslo while negotiations were taking place in Washington. The Oslo Agreement replaced arrangements and understandings that the Madrid conference in October 1991 prescribed as predicates of the Middle East peace process. With the decision to replace the Madrid terms and understandings with those of Oslo, the PLO relieved its negotiating partners Syria, Jordan, Lebanon and itself from any coordinating responsibility.
The basic flaw in the Oslo Agreements lies in their failure to extract from Israel an acknowledgment that it is in the occupied territories as an occupying power. This flaw has enabled Israel to avoid any legal compliance or any of the responsibilities mandated by the fourth Geneva Convention. This has been fatal to the Palestinian side in what is taking, place currently in the U.S. sponsored "peace process."
The U.S..-Israel Strategic Cooperation project first spelled out early in the Reagan Administration by then Secretary of State Haig has become a prevailing reality in the Middle East. U.S. policy is based on the containment of Arab nationalist and Islamic fundamentalist forces throughout the region. This policy requires the "dual containment" of Iraq and Iran, with a continued defanging of Iraq and a persistent treatment of Iran as a "rogue" state to be isolated and neutralized recent election results not withstanding. It means the rejection of governments such as the Arbakan Islamic government in Turkey, which was supported by political and popular forces keen to prioritize their Arab and Islamic associations rather than accommodate Turkey's adjunct role to NATO in Central Asia and the Middle East. It means efforts to prevent Arab states "ganging up" against Israel: for example, the Alexandria Summit of 29 December 1994, between President Mubarak of Egypt, King Fahd of Saudi Arabia and president Al-Asad of Syria was quickly followed on 3 January 1995, at U.S. instigation, by a summit convened by President Mubarak in Cairo to which Israeli Prime Minister Rabin was invited along with King Hussein of Jordan and Chairman Arafat of the PLO. The U.S. will continue to pressure Arab states to lift their economic boycott on Israel prior to its withdrawal from occupied territories. And the U.S. is committed to the consistent shielding of Israel from condemnation and sanction, as in the recent veto by the U.S. of near unanimous resolutions opposing Israeli settlements in Jebel Ghoneim.
There is no need to amplify on the nature of U.S.-Israel relations and their adverse effects on Arab legitimate rights and national interests. The Arabs, however, have yet to fashion a coherent strategy toward the U.S. that would diminish and neutralize its pro-Israel bias. An objective or even-handed policy remains possible and ought to be adopted. Palestinian national rights and the need for Israel to withdraw from the occupied territories remain vital Arab objectives with wide international support. Despite this level of international commitment and support for Arab causes la surreptitious deference is evident in the attitude of the Palestinian, Jordanian, and Egyptian leaderships to the unilateral role of the U.S. This is often explained by the argument that Israel will only respond to U.S. pressure a pressure that the U.S. has the capacity to exercise but definitely does not have the will. This paradox must be resolved, but the question is how? Trying no answer this question in the present circumstances is considered by the Arab "neo-realists" to be an exercise in futility. I venture to submit that there are avenues, approaches and policies that can assist in pulling the Palestinian cause from the present entrapment in which both the Madrid and especially the Oslo Agreements have put it. The present difficulties and obstacles cannot, however, be underestimated. They are daunting and require bold and studied initiatives. True, some of the suggestions and recommendations that follow will be protested, argued against, and strongly criticized by the U.S. There will be attempts to even preempt their discussion, let alone their adoption and pursuit.
The PLO must restore its framework as the expression of Palestinian national unity. The present condition of the PLO is not functional, while its chairman operates from Gaza without sovereign prerogatives. His authority, for all intents and purposes in the area of the Palestinian administrative domain, is thus derived from Israels paramountcy. What is recommended, in my view, is that the PLO leadership should entrust the existing and available local leadership with transitional functions is that it exercises its mandate by authorization from the PLOs national leadership. This in a way resembles the organizing and working equation that existed between the PLO leadership and the Palestinian negotiating team after the Madrid conference led by Haidar Abd al-Shafi.
If this organizing principle is accepted, the PLO will become the restored framework of Palestinian peoplehood, which includes all sectors of Palestinians in the occupied territories in the refugee camps and in the diaspora. This, obviously, is not the case now. Furthermore, the local authority with the elected legislative council will reinforce the transitional character toward a state rather than the blurred and equivocal legal status of the present Palestinian Authority. In turn this will correct the basic flaw introduced by both Madrid and Oslo, namely the failure of Israel to be acknowledged by these agreements as the occupying power. This will also restore the legal status quo ante that the UN has repeatedly and consistently asserted must be the basis for any resumed negotiations.
In view of the pattern from Israel of provocative and proven violations of international legality and UN resolutions, Egypt and Jordan should freeze their diplomatic relations, and even withdraw their ambassadors and embassies. Israels annexation of Jerusalem, building of settlements, and refusal to reorganize its status as an occupying power constitute more than sufficient reasons to suspend the existing formal diplomatic relations.
I realize that this suggestion probably will not be seriously pursued but it should not be ruled out given the growing popular resistance in both Egypt and Jordan to these "normal" diplomatic relations.
There is a need to restructure the League of Arab states to render it more in tune with the peoples political culture in addition to being guided by the official policies of its governments. The League should provide a forum for Arab civil society to convey its views, suggestions, and programs to the official councils and summits. In other words, the League can become a catalyst and a bridge between the state and society in the Arab World. Government differences would be exposed and hopefully sensitized to the growing uniformity of Arab popular opinion and its resilience. Arab regimes would then discover that democratic participation can be a source of strength for the overall national purpose rather than an experiment that should be feared and avoided.
The Arab nationalist discourse, in turn, should be associated with commitments to human rights, womens empowerment, environmental quality, and cultural openness and enlightenment. Arab nationalism, which remains the rational and viable expression of a valid identity, has been associated with coercive and authoritarian regimes on the one hand and with the failure to defend Palestinian rights effectively.
A revised Arab nationalist project reflecting the yearning of the new generation and an enhanced quality of education, as well as behavior and policies that attract and inspire rather than repel and cause despair, is the task and the challenge of an emerging Arab vanguard intelligentsia.
This is the least that can be done. We who have been, for the last thirty years, associated with AAUG (itself and outcome of the 1967 debacle) should be a vehicle to assist in the project of reclaiming and redeeming the Arab future.
Clovis Maksoud is Professor of International Law and Organizations, and Director of the Center for the Global South at American University, Washington, D.C. He is the former Ambassador of the League of Arab States to the United Nations and the United States. This article was originally published in the Summer 1997 of Arab Studies Quarterly (Volume 19, Number 3, pp. 99-115) and is reprinted here with the permission of the author.
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Did David call the Messiah God?
A Common passage that is often cited by Christians to try and prove the divinity of Jesus is that of Psalms 110:1. Christians contend that this verse clearly proves that Jesus is God due to the fact that David calls him his Lord.
1The LORD said unto my Lord, Sit thou at my right hand, until I make thine enemies thy footstool.
So after reading this the Christian says here is the proof that Jesus the Messiah is God, since David calls him his lord. Christians also contend that this verse proves the Trinity as well, since the verse says and the Lord said to my lord, basically we have Jehovah, as well as the Messiah.
Contrary to the Christian claim, the Psalm 110:1 is the greatest proof and evidence that the Messiah is NOT God!
As we all know the Hebrew Bible was written in Hebrew, and was orally transmitted in the Hebrew language. Therefore we must go to the Hebrew language and find the words lord in Hebrew, then we can properly understand the verse.
1The LORD (Jehovah) said unto my Lord (ADONI), Sit thou at my right hand, until I make thine enemies thy footstool.
The first thing that everyone should notice is the clear distinctions, the verse says and Jehovah said to my Adoni. If David really believed that the Messiah was God then he could've made it even more clear by saying "and Jehovah said unto my Jehovah".
Now comes the major problem for the Christian, and basically the nail to the coffin.
The word Adoni in the Hebrew Bible is NEVER used in reference to God, rather the word Adoni is ALWAYS used when referring to men! Adoni is always used when referring to leaders and judges amongst the men.
People must not get confused now; in the Hebrew language there is the word Adoni, which is what we have here, and the word Adonai. Yet these are two different words, in fact in the Hebrew Bible the word Adonai is sometimes used when referring to God, so it makes us ask why wouldn't David say Adonai rather than Adoni? Yet even IF David called the Messiah Adonai it wouldn't make the Messiah God because the word Adonai is also used for men as well!
The fact that David calls the Messiah Adoni is a clear indication that David did not believe that the Messiah was God, as the word Adoni is never used for God, but rather for leaders and judges. Hence David did not believe that the Messiah was God, rather he believed that the Messiah was a leader, a righteous servant and prophet of God.
This is also why the Jews never believed that the Messiah was God as well, and this verse here is one of the main reasons for this belief!
There is a beautiful irony to this argument, because as I earlier stated in this article, this verse is a great proof and evidence that the Messiah is NOT God. Therefore I implore all Muslims to use this verse when arguing against the divinity of Jesus! The irony is lovely, a verse that is used by Christians to prove Jesus' divinity will in fact be the verse that we use to disprove that Jesus is God and rather that he is a man!
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Create an accurate road map by asking yourself some important questions. By answering honestly, and addressing areas to improve your business, create an action plan that will help drive the growth of your business and improve profitability. Here’s how.
If there’s one word that captures the essence of what has occurred in our world today, it’s change.
Although the economy has finally stabilized, business has changed dramatically. In fact, there is no more “business as usual.” The race has changed. The rules are different. Business may never be the same.
Using state-of-the-art technology is not optional; it is now critical to every business. No longer is marketing simply a delivery mechanism. Social marketing and branding are now standard business practices for every business. Highly creative and memorable messages in advertising are now more critical than ever.
Sales professionals are under the gun to meet their goals. They must possess skills that are far superior to any competitor, and come armed with performance racing expertise.
Business owners are challenged by rising costs in technology and equipment. The same is true of health care, shipping, supplies, utilities, insurance, and in practically every bill they must pay. Looking at the balance in the books, they can easily see that revenue is really nice, but profit is what matters.
Customers have changed. They are more sophisticated and better informed. They have more choices, and are more cost-conscious and service savvy than ever. If you want to win them over, you must give them what they want, when they want it, at the price they want to pay for it, or they’ll head straight over to a competitor. It’s that simple.
Competition has always been tough, but today’s competition is fierce. New competitors are emerging daily. Even if your racing business is highly profitable, you can never feel too comfortable. Just like a driver in the heat of a race, the moment you think you’re ahead of the competition, they will have the advantage. And if you are a racer or team owner, finding sponsorship is just as competitive as the race itself.
In fact, whether you are a driver, team owner, manufacturer, engine builder, racing retailer, fabricator or warehouse distributor, the watchword today is “competitiveness”—in every aspect of the motorsports business, and especially in the delivery of personalized and flawless customer service.
These are just a few of the challenges we must face in today’s new world. The question remains: What should we do to position ourselves to stay in the race for business growth and prosperity?
We can’t control the changes that have occurred, and no doubt there’s more to come. Change brings challenges. But as individuals, we have choices as to how we react to these changes. We can choose to accept the fact that what may have worked in the past will not work in the future. We can choose to adapt, have a positive attitude, figure out what we need to do to accelerate our businesses, and keep driving!
To maximize your driving power, no matter how busy you are, you must first slow down in order to speed up business. Take the time to create an accurate road map to lead you to the best route for your business. Always remember that your business is just that—a business. Manufacturers and retailers in this industry do, but there are others who are so focused and passionate about speed and racing that they tend to forget it’s a business that must make a profit.
Take a good hard look at your business with the eye of an outside, unbiased consultant and gather honest answers to the hard questions on the High Performance Road Map below. Include your team, and keep their involvement ongoing. You may also consider hiring a motorsports business expert to assist you.
What are our three greatest strengths as a business or a team?
How can we leverage our greatest strengths to grow our business?
How’s our reputation in our community?
How’s our reputation in our industry?
Do we need to make a bigger effort to develop a reputation for excellence in all we do?
Are our advertising, sales, and marketing strategies working?
Do we need ads and visuals on our website that are more eye-catching than any competitors’?
Do we have enough video on our site to draw traffic to our site and show customers what we can do?
Are we obtaining business and inquiries from our website, or is it time to obtain the services of an SEO specialist?
Are we using online marketing to draw more traffic to our events?
Do we have a newsletter we send out with great visuals, ads, and information publicizing our events?
What are we doing that is different from other racing companies that will make us stand out in the minds of our customers and promote word-of-mouth advertising?
Where are there opportunities to obtain more referrals or drive more business to us?
How much of our business comes from referrals? Are we asking for them?
How can we promote our business in a way that is different than the competition?
Can we depend on each other, so we can focus on the most important person to our business—the customer?
How can we improve communication on the team and with customers?
How would customers rate the level of service we provide?
Are we obtaining feedback from our customers, or should we start calling after every job or major sale?
Are we consistently working to improve our service?
How quickly do we respond to calls? Is it easy to do business with us?
Are we making a conscious effort to be friendlier than our competitors?
Do we make our customers feel like “family”?
What have we done to exceed expectations, and what practices can we put into place to exceed expectations in the future?
What three areas need the most improvement?
Do customers feel they receive value from the price they pay?
Do we consistently strive to be a better business?
Do we consistently work toward being better than our competition? Do we make an effort to be better than our competition in every aspect of the customer experience?
Do we strive to under-promise and do everything we can to over-deliver?
Once you finish compiling answers, which may take some time, you'll be in a better position to see things more clearly, make decisions, and create your winning race strategy. This can be hard work, but your biggest challenge will be to implement necessary changes to sustain the momentum of the drive.
Here’s another key: Put the 2014 PRI Trade Show in Indianapolis (December 11–13) as one of your destinations. There, you will see the latest and coolest technology and equipment (and people!), and be able to leverage vendor expertise.
The companies you buy from want you to stay in the race and win. Enlist their help in growing your own business. These can be important alliance partnerships to ensure that you are keeping up with the times. Vendors should be viewed as allies for staying in the race for business growth and profitability and continuous improvement. The more you grow, the more your vendors will grow with you.
• Always maintain a clear focus on your customers. Encourage everyone who works in your business to embrace an obsession for customer service excellence with every customer encounter.
• Follow your race strategy. Once you have completed the road map stage, you will have your own plan. Follow it as closely as you can in order to stay on course. But if something is not working, do what any smart executive or business owner would do—shift gears fast!
• You will always have to find ways to be better and smarter—and drive faster—than your competitors. If you are a racer, there’s a finish line to cross. For most of us, though, the race for business growth has no finish line.
And with that in mind, there’s one thing you can count on: The world will continue to change. Here’s what won’t change though—the love of the race. Enjoy the ride!
Christine Corelli of Christine Corelli & Associates, Inc. in Chicago, Illinois, is an industry speaker and author of five business books including the bestselling “Wake Up and Smell the Competition” and “Capture Your Competitors’ Customers And KEEP Them!” Her latest book release is “ROADMAP To Success.” She has also been a popular speaker at numerous SEMA events. To inquire about her services, call 847/581-9968.
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TL,DR: Anyone who experienced the Microsoft culture from a few years ago could never have imagined seeing Microsoft supporting a solution (Kubernetes) created outside of its premises, with same enthusiasm they have for their own products. It’s understandable if the old Microsoft culture still reigns within the company, could its attempts to impose its own products above anything else have an effect on a trend driven by the open-source community?
Over the last few years, the term Microservices has skyrocketed, and a question raised is always around the tooling to support them. New tooling appeared claiming to support the development of microservices, but when the scope is about deployment and orchestration, very few solutions provide clear patterns or have proven to be ready for massive scale. Kubernetes and Service Fabric are the two most often discussed solutions that stand out among the others.
In a recent interview on Cloud Native, Jason Zander, a Microsoft Executive Vice President, says “We love Kubernetes, but it’s playing catch-up with our Service Fabric”, but in what areas is Kubernetes catching-up?
Kubernetes and Service Fabric are built on top of solutions that have been around for a while, way earlier than the term “Microservices” became a popular topic.
Service Fabric roots date back to 2001, it all started with the goal of delivering a worldwide multimedia platform to support the management of globally connected home devices and video streaming services like security footages and personal media, similar to what people know today by the names of YouTube, Netflix and IoT. At a time where a trend of smart devices like Xbox, PCs and other gadgets could be interconnected to provide a better user experience, the team saw the bigger potential and made it a general-purpose platform. This Microsoft team started what would later be the foundation for many Azure PaaS offerings such as Azure SQL Database, Azure Event Hubs, Azure CosmosDB (former DocumentDB), Cortana, Skype for Business and many others.
The platform has changed names multiple times throughout its journey; Microsoft announced a private preview at Build Conference 2015 to show to the public how they managed their products in Azure and was planning to open to the public, Service Fabric was released as Public Preview in November 2015 where users could start building applications on top of it.
Kubernetes roots date back to 2003; Google built Borg, a system used to schedule hundreds of thousands of jobs among tens of thousands of machines. These jobs were mainly processes running within the same machine isolated from each other to support services like Google Search, Gmail, Google Docs, and Infrastructure services like BigTable. In 2006, a team of Google engineers joined to create a Linux Kernel feature called cgroups (control groups), the foundation for what is popularly known today as Containers. In the fall of 2013, with the popularity of containers, mainly pushed by the popularity of Docker, another team of Google engineers with more than ten years of experience managing containerised applications using Borg, decided to create from scratch a new lightweight version of Borg. By applying the good practices and avoiding the mistakes made whilst building Borg, what became known as Project Seven, was later released to the public in mid-2014 as Kubernetes. Since then, the solution has been open-sourced and donated to the Cloud Native Computing Foundation, and it didn’t take long for Kubernetes to become one of the most popular and adopted open-source solutions.
Juggernauts back both solutions, Microsoft and Google, regarding scalability and experience orchestrating applications on massive scale clusters. On one side, Microsoft managing Azure services to support critical PaaS offerings to serve millions of enterprise customers, on the other side Google, bringing years of experience managing mission-critical solutions spanned across tens of thousands of machines, supporting billions of users.
The problems addressed by both solutions are very similar, providing a platform to abstract the infrastructure configuration and maintenance of a large cluster of machines from the application lifecycle management. This abstraction reduces the friction on development of highly distributed and scalable solutions by using building blocks and offloading the infrastructure concerns to the platform; from there, the solutions start to diverge.
Service Fabric is 15+ year-old technology re-designed and re-branded throughout the years to become what it is today; its origins focused on cluster federation and process orchestration for windows applications. Through all these years, it accumulated lots of features that could be argued are some years ahead of Kubernetes.
Kubernetes foundations are cluster management of Linux machines and orchestration of applications based on containers, something that only existed on Linux until recently when Microsoft decided to adopt the idea. Kubernetes’ main goal has always focused on container orchestration, with a big influence and concepts from Borg. Containers took its place in the future of computing, and Microsoft embraced it and decided to work on its Windows Containers.
Service Fabric has always been a Windows-first product. In the last couple of years, things have changed a lot with Container trends and the .NET Core movement, bringing .NET developers previously locked down to .NET Framework on Windows, to port their solutions to the Linux platform, meaning they are now catching up with the Linux stacks that have been the Kubernetes playground for many years.
Windows Containers is a new technology developed behind closed doors by the Windows team, Kubernetes is catching up the windows containers ecosystem but is highly dependent on Microsoft supporting it in the long term, sooner or later both will be on the same page, if Microsoft doesn’t drop his support first and decide to focus on Service Fabric only.
Service Fabric, like most solutions provided by Microsoft, is a very opinionated platform. Provided with some inflexible guidance, that generally speeds up the adoption for most simple setups and reduces the chances for failures; on the other hand, it slows you down on complex scenarios when you need more customisation and flexibility from the platform to adapt to solutions that do not adhere to Microsoft architectural processes.
Most parts of Service Fabric components were built from scratch to address the needs of the platform, and it is what many today call a monolith solution, where most components are tightly coupled to each other, making replacement difficult. This weight is noticeable when comparing the slow release cycle of Service Fabric to Kubernetes frequent incremental releases on individual components.
Kubernetes was designed to be a component-based solution to be extended by other open-source components, and most of its core features are provided by products already available in the open-source community. A good example is the state management using ETCD; it has never intended to implement leader election algorithms, state machine replication or many other algorithms from scratch. Kubernetes’ loosely coupled approach slows you down in starting new solutions because you have to learn and choose from a multitude of options to form a cluster with all the pieces needed to support your operations. Once mastered, the development of new solutions will be much faster for complex scenarios and easy to replace bits when it does not support your needs anymore.
Service Fabric team has been trying to move Service Fabric development to open-source, but it’s tight coupling to Microsoft internal processes has been delaying the plan. The source code itself is already on public GitHub repositories, but to be a true open-source solution it is far from ideal; open-source is not just opening the code for public appreciation, but also provides a clear and public roadmap of the platform plan. Good project governance and accepting the public support to implement solutions on top of the platform, these milestones are a long way ahead and will take many years to become true.
Jason Zander is correct to say when you compare feature by feature, Service Fabric has a much richer feature set built in and it implements most of the components whereas Kubernetes relies on third-party solutions, but Service Fabric is a way behind when Linux and containers are the main topics. The new version of Service Fabric, Mesh, based entirely on containers and cloud resources, means that things will change a lot for Service Fabric. Most of the features promised by Mesh are already supported on Kubernetes today, the only game changer in this race is the approach adopted for the Infrastructure Resource Management, that will be managed by Azure. This is just an advantage in a race that, sooner or later, will be addressed by Kubernetes with the support of other cloud providers. If Service Fabric wants to take the lead, Service Fabric Mesh must embrace a true open-source approach. If it continues with this rigid and unclear path, handled in a meeting room for corporate users and impose the decisions to the end users; it will lag behind, with another race lost.
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0.992649 |
In our effort of building a facial feature localization algorithm that can operate reliably and accurately under a broad range of appearance variation, including pose, lighting, expression, occlusion, and individual differences, we realize that it is necessary that the training set include high resolution examples so that, at test time, a high resolution test image can be fit accurately. Although a number face databases exist, we found none that meet our requirements, particularly the resolution requirement. Consequently, we constructed a new dataset using annotated Flickr images.
Specifically, the dataset was constructed as follows: First, a large set of candidate photos was gathered using a variety of keyword searches on Flickr. In all cases the query included the keyword ``portrait'' and was augmented with different terms such as ``family'', ``outdoor'', ``studio'', ``boy'', ``wedding'', etc. (An attempt was made to avoid cultural bias by repeating the queries in several different languages.) A face detector was run on the resulting candidate set to identify a subset of images that contain sufficiently large faces (greater than 500 pixels in width). The subset was further filtered by hand to remove false positives, profile views, as well as low quality images. For each accepted face, we generated a cropped version of the original image that includes the face and a proportional amount of background. In some cases, the face is very close or in contact with the edge of the original image and is consequently not centered in the cropped image. Also, the cropped image can contain other face instances since many photos contain more than one person in close proximity.
Finally, the images were hand-annotated using Amazon Mechanical Turk to precisely locate the eyes, nose, mouth, eyebrows, and jawline. (We adopted the same annotation convention as the PUT Face Database .) To assist the Turk worker in this task, we initialized the point locations to be the result of the STASM algorithm that had been trained on the PUT database. However, since the Helen Dataset is much more diverse than PUT, the automatically initialized points were often far from the correct locations.
In any case, we found that this particular annotation task required an unusual amount of review and post-processing of the data in order to ensure high quality results. Ultimately this is attributable to the high number of degrees of freedom involved. For example, it frequently happened that a Turk worker would permute components (swap eyes and brows or inner lip for outer lip), or alternatively shift the positions of the points sufficiently that their roles would be changed (such as selecting a different vertex to serve as an eye or mouth corner). Graphical cues in the interface, as well as a training video and qualifying test were employed to assist with the process. Also, automated processes were developed to enforce consistency and uniformity in the dataset. In addition to the above, the faces were reviewed at the component level manually by the authors to identify errors in the annotations. Components with unacceptable error were resubmitted to the Turk for correction.
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0.938262 |
"The sun and the moon are in the sky."
Translation:La suno kaj la luno estas en la ĉielo.
Given that Google gives similar number of results for en la ĉielo and sur la ĉielo, why should we prefer one over the other?
Sur la ĉielo follows an old-fashioned model of the world.
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0.932098 |
Top Tips for Finding a Good Vacation Spot Everyone has ambitions of going on a vacation. Honestly, everyone at one point in time needs a vacation from work or the city. When organizing your holiday, several things that need to be prepared ahead. This piece contains several crucial considerations that should be made. First, you need to know why you are interested in the holiday spot. Will it offer some time away from the effort and all of the tension that is associated with your normal routine? Be straightforward concerning the purpose, since then you certainly can understand what has to be done to produce the excursion a satisfying and pleasant one. Considering timing in your preparations is crucial. This is because poor timing can result in the toughest holiday you can ever invest in. For instance, when your location experiences heavy snowfall or water in case you go on a vacation, then you definitely will have of venturing out no means, and you will be stranded in your hotel room. Therefore, ensure the trip’s timing is not amiss.
Security is also a crucial aspect before preparing your vacation. You can visit many places nowadays; however, many of the areas could be hazardous due to surroundings or due to incidences of terrorism. Everybody would want his or her vacation to be tension-free and peaceful. Thus make sure your vacation location is safe for you personally and your household.
Simply examine your budget after you have selected the journey destination. Consider the method that you may lessen the price, if it is not too cheap. If this also appears impossible, choose the next best spot that will be inexpensive for you as well as your family. Always remember to pack the right utilities for your trip. For example, if you are likely to be close to a water body, ensure that you pack the proper closet (bikinis, glasses, colors, sunhats and flippers). If you should be happening a winter holiday, consider skiing gear and jackets. Do not neglect to consider blades, toothpaste, your brush along with other essential individual products. Make sure to have sufficient medicines for one’s trip’s length. If you are not used to adhering to a routine, there be expedition could a guided a catastrophe. Prior to booking the tour, think deeply about the trip and its schedules. You will have the option of touring alone or independently together with your family. Be fully prepared and constantly use a travel list. This may help when you are on your getaway you avoid forgetting or lacking items. Overall, take into account what other people coming with you think about your destination spot to ensure they have a good time as well.
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0.985598 |
to prolong battery life I would like a tool, program, way to have my laptop stop charging, when the battery is at 80% (or more?!) of its capacity. To then wait for it to drop to 40% and only then start charging again. This obviously can only be a temporary tweak (e.g. when the laptop is plugged in overnight) as I would need the notebook to be (almost) fully charged at times.
Newer laptops should actually stop charging when they are full so this would be moot.
OK, so how do I do that? To have it only start charging at 40% again and not 98%.
There is no way to do that I know of. Unplugging the charger is about the only way.
But the laptop always decides to charge, if the battery isn't full, am I wrong?
For one there is Lenovo Power Management, which is good for me as I have a Lenovo LapTop. This takes care of the dont-charge-above-80% thing.
Here someone wrote a script on Ubuntu, shouldn't that be possible on Windows as well? How can I limit battery charging to 80% capacity?
I believe you're operating under old information. How old is that Lenovo laptop you have? Modern laptops, as mentioned above have newer technology lithium-ion battery technology. Older laptops, prior to 2009, often have 1st or 2nd gen lithium batteries which had the top-off problem you are referring to. Many of those batteries were not lithion-ion, they were lithium-MOS or selenium-lithium hybrids. In any case, they were more susceptible to the 40%-80% recharge window you refer to. Most were actually 20%-80% or 15%-85% in fact. Not many battery technologies used the 40%-80% window you mentioned. Newer 3rd gen lithium or lithium-ion-OH batteries don't suffer from this problem or from memory effect issues nearly as much as they did say 10 years ago. That's the reason that no one has written a script in windows to limit an 80% max charging limit. If you're laptop was built prior to 2009 and is 6 years old or older, that battery in their if it's the same one the laptop came with from the factory, is long gone charge-wise anyway and should have been replaced in the first 2 years.
First of all thank you for that extensive information BIGBEARJEDI!
No it is a rather new LapTop; I think it was introduced two years ago. So from the information you and Neemobeer provided I conclude, there is no significantly healthier power interval anymore.
But limiting recharge cycles should still matter, right?
I am not very skilled on the computer, but what I have in mind would be a script (a GUI even better) to let the battery percentage drop all the way to 20, 15% whatever is best (however small the difference for overall battery life may be) and only then start charging all the way to 100% (and not stop at 21, 16%) or whatever threshold is best. Again I have zero knowledge on this, so I believe you guys that it doesn't make a lot of a difference anymore, but since that would be for cases where it is plugged in overnight and I am not using it during that time anyway, why not go for the optimum.
You're welcome. And thanks for your responses back. I believe what we're telling you is that with the newer battery and charging circuit technology in modern laptops such as the one you have no longer require this. You can request people to write a script file for you, or pay someone to write it; but it's not going to help significantly. A question I have for you is that if you google this problem, and it sounds like you have, why is there no software company selling a script or app to do this for windows computers?? Not including the one you found for Linux OS-based computers. Again, my answer is that since it's not necessary no programmers or programming companies are going to spend time writing and testing a commercial solution for this if no one is going to buy it once they find out it's not needed.
There are some of us older guys here who might want to write you a windows script for a laptop built prior to 2009 that uses the older battery technologies and maybe some one of us will respond to your request that has the programming knowledge to write such a script, possibly in php or perl or C++. If they do, you can volunteer to test it out and see if it works on a newer laptop for them and see if it provides any kind of benefit for you.
There is no way to control this purely with software, on laptops that can do this, they have proprietary hardware and drivers that control this.
@BBJ: Let's suppose one 20-100% Recharge Cycle is still way healthier than 40 98%-100% cycles even for today's LapTops. There would be several reasons for still no software (paid or free) being available.
A) "Proprietary hardware and drivers" as Neemobeer mentioned is something I didn't even consider, since I thought the resulting script would be quite simple.
B) Even an admin user on windows doesn't have the system permissions are physical ability necessary to "cut power" with the LapTop plugged in.
C) It may be a possible leak for viruses.
D) I guess it is safe to say, that windows is rather targeted at the non-geek consumer market and those products often put simplicity over functionality in order for users to not inadvertently cripple their PC. That would be consistent with the fact, that Linux scripts are available.
The truth obviously is, that I don't know, but leaving the LapTop plugged in all night with it charging 98-100% over and over again just "feels" way unhealthier to me than one 20%-100% (or 80%) charge as mentioned above.
I did look at the post for Linux, and that actually required a driver installed.
+e) We all agree that this would have been useful five years ago or so. So one should be able to find such software in the depth of the internet, but I can't. So I guess A-D were culpable then.
I don't want to be annoying, I just don't like the thought of wasting my battery while the LapTop is working night shifts. Especially when there should be an elegant solution available i.m.o.
I might suggest that instead of subjecting your battery to 365 charge cycles per year, that you REMOVE the battery from the laptop completely, and recharge it only once a month which is only 12 recharge cycles a year vs 365 cycles. I'm sure you'll agree that this will extend the life of your battery significantly more than the software recharge cycle you are hoping to find.
The only time you might deviate from this 12 cycle per year procedure would be if you knew you were going to take the laptop with you for 1 day or more, and so reinsert the battery the night before your trip and run and overnight charge cycle. You could repeat the overnight charging cycle for however many nights you are gone from your home. Such as 7 days of Vacation. If you'll did this once a year, as most people don't travel with their laptops more than that such as daily business use it if you are a University student using in classes. Library, etc.
This puts you at 19 uses of your battery per year vs. The 365 uses you now use. Still way better IMO.
lastly, and hopefully you know this, you should be replacing your Laptop battery at least once every 2 years; no longer! No batteries on the market last longer than this even the $250 factory replacement batteries you buy directly from the OEM laptop manufacturer's websites.
If your Current battery in your laptop is older than 2 yrs., your much sought after scheduled power saver program will not extend your battery life on a battery that's already being used beyond it's end-of-life design period anyway. You might get an extra few months of service, but that's not much, so you'll be replacing your batteries every 2-3 Yrs. for the remaining life of that laptop no matter what you do.
Hey thanks for the tip! I think I'll actually do that, the only inconvenience would be that I'm not mobile within my house anymore while the battery is removed.
Would there be any software with permissions to bypass the battery, while it's in the notebook? That would be cool, so I could have it run on battery for the few minutes I'm going downstairs.
There is no generic software to bypass a battery, the answer would be the same as the charging, proprietary hardware plus a driver to control it.
Hey I think I've found a workaround. How about a usb controlled power switch? It should be possible to translate 90% battery to switching it off and 30% to turning it on, right?
After thinking about I've decided not to remove the battery whenever I don't need it, putting in additional RAM was an ordeal in itself and I'd have to reset the time & date each time. The letter point can largely be ignored, but I just don't want to put in and out countless screws each time, thanks anyway.
The problem with having the battery at 100% is that it ages WAY faster than if it is kept at 80% or (ideally) 40%.
The battery of my Alienware notebook was almost useless after 2 years and completely dead a few months after.
If it had been possible to keep it at 80% or below, it would have lasted years longer.
I don't care about how the laptop charges the battery. I hardly cycle the battery at all, I use it mostly as a desktop replacement.
The problem is that if the battery is maintained at a high rate of charge, it ages very fast and at the 35 degrees Celsius or so it is exposed to in the laptop will lose in excess of 25% capacity per year, just from sitting there, even if it is not cycled at all. This is called "calendar aging".
If I could keep it at 50%, it would lose much less capacity due to calendar aging.
Samsung used to offer the functionality of charging only to 80%. It was called "desktop mode". Dell apparently has something similar. This would roughly halve the speed of calendar aging, extending the useful life of a laptop battery from 2 years to 4 years.
Unfortunately, my HP notebook doesn't offer this function. I've been considering trying out a low-powered power supply (e.g. 30 Watts) in the hope that the notebook will react to the voltage drop by disabling the charging function (Alienware notebooks do that).
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0.952981 |
Who was Edgar Cayce and what are Edgar Cayce Readings?
For forty-three years of his adult life, Edgar Cayce demonstrated the uncanny ability to put himself into some kind of self-induced sleep state by lying down on a couch, closing his eyes, and folding his hands over his stomach. This state of relaxation and meditation enabled him to place his mind in contact with all time and space. From this state he could respond to questions as diverse as, "What are the secrets of the universe?" to "How can I remove a wart?" His responses to these questions came to be called "readings" and contain insights so valuable that even to this day individuals have found practical help for everything from maintaining a well-balanced diet and improving human relationships to overcoming life-threatening illnesses and experiencing a closer walk with God.
Though Cayce died more than half a century ago, the timeliness of the material in the readings is evidenced by approximately one dozen biographies and more than 300 titles that discuss various aspects of this man's life and work. These books contain a corpus of information so valuable that even Edgar Cayce himself might have hesitated to predict their impact on the latter part of the twentieth century. Sixty years ago who could have known that terms such as "meditation," "akashic records," "spiritual growth," "auras," "soul mates," and "holism" would become household words to hundreds of thousands? Further details about his life and work are explored in such classic works as There Is a River (1942) by Thomas Sugrue, The Sleeping Prophet (1967) by Jess Stearn, Many Mansions (1950) by Gina Cerminara, and Edgar Cayce-An American Prophet (2000) by Sidney Kirkpatrick.
Daily for over forty years of his adult life, Cayce would lie down on a couch with his hands folded over his stomach and allow himself to enter a self-induced sleep state. Then, provided with the name and location of an individual anywhere in the world he would speak in a normal voice and give answers to any questions about that person that he was asked. These answers, which came to be called "readings" were written down by a stenographer, who kept one copy on file and sent another to the person who had requested the information.
Today on file at the Association for Research and Enlightenment, Inc. (A.R.E.), in Virginia Beach, Virginia, are copies of more than 14,000 of Edgar Cayce's readings. These are available to the public and have been filed along with any follow-up reports received from the individuals who had asked for the readings. This material represents the most massive collection of psychic information ever obtained from a single source. The organization founded by Cayce in 1931 to document, research and disseminate his information has grown from a few hundred supporters at the time of Cayce's death in 1945 to one which is worldwide. Countless individuals have been touched by the life work of this man who was raised a simple farm boy and yet became one of the most versatile and credible psychics the world has ever known. In addition to the Cayce readings, the organization makes available a large collection of Edgar Cayce books, New Age books, Self-Help books and Metaphysical Books.
Since 1901, the information in the Cayce readings has been explored by individuals from every imaginable background and discipline. In addition to individuals from all walks and stations of life, this vast scope of materials has come to the attention of educators, historians, theologians, medical professionals, and scientists. No doubt, part of the attraction has been that regardless of the field of study, Cayce has continually proven himself years ahead of his time. Decades ago, he was emphasizing the importance of diet, attitudes, emotions, exercise, and the patient's role - physically, mentally, and spiritually - in the treatment of illness. As a result, he has been called "the father of holistic medicine" and has been recognized for describing the workings of the human body and foreseeing the direction of health care.
In the field of psychology, he has often been compared to Carl Jung. In the realm of education, he stands with Rudlolf Steiner. Dr. Richard H. Drummond, one of the world's most renowned theological scholars, called the Cayce information on spirituality "the finest devotional material of the 20th century."
In history, the Cayce readings gave insights into Judaism that were verified a decade after his death. In world affairs, he saw the collapse of communism nearly fifty years before it happened. Even in the field of physics, a professor and fellow of the American Physical Society theorized a connection between the elementary-particle theory and the way in which Edgar Cayce received his information. Repeatedly, science and history have validated concepts and ideas explored in Cayce's psychic information. The wealth of these insights has resulted in hundreds of books that explore various aspects of this man's life and work, not to mention foreign translations around the globe.
As fascinating as the breadth of the material and its accuracy is the activity level of Cayce's mind while he was in the reading state. It was not unusual for Edgar Cayce to be giving a reading, laying on his couch, somehow mentally in touch with another individual and his or her surroundings, activities, and relationships, providing answers to any question imaginable or any time-frame in history, and at the same time have a personal dream that Cayce could recall upon awakening. Occasionally, it was found that at the same time all this was going on, if an individual in the room with Cayce thought of something, he could respond to their query without even being asked! Even a casual perusal of the Cayce information makes it quite evident that the capacity of this man's mind was not limited to what we might call the conventional parameters of time and space.
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0.963448 |
Eating healthy can be very expensive, buying fresh almost every day. Any advice to lower income people who can't get to the store all of the time?
Agreed - it is such a shame that fresh, healthy foods cost more in this country than unhealthy ones.
1. Buy in season. Peppers and berries are expensive during the winter months because it takes a lot of to grow and ship them! Instead, look for local produce that's in season and will likely be cheaper. That means zucchini, berries, peppers, and eggplant during the summer; butternut squash, sweet potatoes, pears and apples during the winter!
2. Go frozen. There are many frozen vegetable and fruit options that make preparation easy. They store for a very long time, and tend to be inexpensive!
3. Shop the sales & seconds. Use the sales pages to dictate what you prepare that week. Even if you're unfamiliar with a vegetable, you can always check online for recipes! Seconds are another great option - fruits/ vegetables that are safe to eat, but have visual blemishes or are close to expiring. You can get them at a much lower cost, and they still taste great!
4. Be careful about where you're shopping. Check out a few different grocery stores and options in your neighborhood to make sure you're getting the best deal.
5. Go plant-based. One major cost can be meat and milk products. Rice and beans, on the other hand, are delicious, cheap, and versatile.
6. Make one-pot meals. Soups and stews are fabulous and filling. The best part is that leftovers taste great, and you can even freeze them for later in the week or month!
Also, note that many farmer's markets are starting to accept food stamps, so that is an option to get cheap, local produce!
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0.993728 |
One might not realize that blockbuster movies can be used as an educational tool in the classroom setting to enhance the learning process. While these types of movies are not crafted as pedagogical tools, like animated, demonstrative video clips, there is educational value to be found in them. In more recent years, this is a practice that has been used in many classrooms. However, it is within the social sciences primarily that these blockbuster films are used to augment the understanding of concepts. Big films are rarely, if ever, used in the hard sciences to provide examples of concepts. How can big movies be used to explain both concepts in international relations and biology? I argue that big blockbuster movies have an interdisciplinary use to supplement the learning process. Abstract concepts from both disciplines, international relations and biology, can be demonstrated through images and scenes readily available through blockbuster movies. Concepts such as the levels of analysis, realism, and liberalism draw from international relations, but those same movies can also demonstrate ideas in biology, such as the microanatomy of a cell, mechanisms of homeostasis, as well as branching into other more detailed fields of biology such as microbiology and ecology. All of these concepts and more can be found in The Hunger Games: Catching Fire, the Dark Knight, and Disney Pixar’s Inside Out, movies which I utilize in this paper, to demonstrate concepts in two very different, intellectual, and demanding fields.
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0.93076 |
Can I get my Social Security Disability benefits if I am not currently living in the US?
If you are a U.S. citizen, you may receive your Social Security Disability payments outside the U.S. as long as you are eligible for them.
However, there are a few countries where Social Security will not send payments to (like Cuba and North Korea).
The Social Security Administration will consider you “outside the US” if you are out of the country for more than 30 days. In order to be considered “back in the US”, you need to be back in the country for more than 30 days.
If you are currently receiving Social Security Disability, anytime your residency changes you must notify the Social Security Administration.
There is a different set of rules regarding “living outside the US” for Supplemental Security Income (SSI) recipients. SSI is not available to anyone living outside the US (with a few exceptions for students, and children of military parents).
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0.875717 |
How do I find out the status of a particular Superfund site?
SEMS reports contain information on site inspections, preliminary assessments, and the remediation of current and archived hazardous waste sites.
If you would like the status and a summary of the details of the cleanup, see Superfund Site Information.
Former Superfund sites that are no longer of interest to EPA are called "archived" sites. The quickest way to find information on a specific SEMS archived site is to visit the SEMS Archive page and select the state and city/county of the archived site(s) you are seeking. This page provides brief site information in a report format: the site name, address, EPA ID, EPA Region, county, and the Superfund activities that were conducted at the site prior to be being archived. To obtain information on why a site was archived, contact the Remedial Project Manager listed. If one is not available, please reach out to the Regional Superfund Community Involvement Coordinator for more information.
You can also obtain a list of recently archived sites from National Technical Information Service (NTIS) by contacting them at 1-800-553-6847 or (703) 487-4650.
To get a map of a site, use the Map by Geography feature of EnviroMapper.
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0.965744 |
How does one review a short story collection? Specifically, a large anthology with a wide selection of authors and styles, encompassing both speculative and mainstream fiction? I wasn’t entirely sure, and had never tried to write such a review before (especially spoiler-free; what would one talk about when there is no over-arching plot?) but wanted to give it a go anyway.
I started out keeping notes on each piece, and making lists of my favorite stories, but about halfway through I put that list aside and decided to try and reflect on my thoughts in a more holistic way.
There is a lot of content in Outcast Hours, and I took longer than I usually do to read a novel of comparable word count. Part of that was down to Christmas rush and other deadlines, but partly I found that I enjoyed reading a few stories, taking a break, and then coming back for more. Some of the heavier stories required reflection, or sometimes the style of a particular piece didn’t suit my mood, so I would instead return to the collection a few days later.
With an anthology of this size, it is likely that not every single story will appeal to every reader. However, every reader will certainly find something they enjoy, and the pieces are well-selected. The anthology creates a kind of mental mosaic of a thousand different humans in a thousand different situations, passing through the shadows of one long night. The experience reminded me of setting off into a vast metropolis, late at night, and encountering a dizzying array of characterful people. Some you like, some you love, a few you loathe–but all are interesting, and all have something important to say.
In short, Outcast Hours is a startling and visceral snapshot of humanity’s darkest moments, captured from voices all across the globe. I very much enjoyed it, and found the collection intriguing.
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0.99689 |
We describe a solution for real-time matching of microblogging messages related to product selling or buying. C2C buy/sell interest matching in real time is nontrivial due to the complexities of interpreting social media messages, number of messages, and diversity of products/services. Therefore, we adopt a combination of techniques from natural language processing, complex event processing, and distributed systems. First, we convert the message into semantics using named-entity recognition with CRF and Logistic Regression. Then the extracted data are matched using a complex event processor. Moreover, NoSQL and inmemory computing are used to enhance the scalability and performance. The proposed solution shows a high accuracy where classification and CRF models recorded an accuracy of 98.5% and 82.07% when applied to a real-world dataset. Low latency was observed for information extraction, in-memory data manipulation, and complex event processing were latencies were 0.5 ms, 5 ms, and 3.6 ms, respectively.
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0.941764 |
Battlecruiser - Tier and class determination?
I've been reading up on the Lexington and G3 class battlecruisers and looking at how the Devs would classify them if they ever show up.
The big problem is definition. The Admiral Class (Hood), Kongo class and Amagi class were conceived and built (in the case of the Hood) as battlecruisers IRL. WG classed them as battleships. I suppose a case can be made that since they carry BB caliber guns (351 mm or better), they should be classified as BB's. Not to mention WG made their maneuverability about the same as a BB in general terms. So a BB lite then.
So, is there some sort of guideline that the devs are using to place battlecruisers in either BB or CA class (like gun caliber?)? if it's gun caliber I can see the Lexington and G3 being classed a BB's and placed in the appropriate tier (T7 maybe).
Matchmaking -- the game tries to pit like against like. So battleships vs battleships, cruisers vs cruisers on the team rosters.
Fire Damage -- cruisers burn for 30 seconds, battleships for 60 seconds. Note some "Chubby Cruisers" burn for 45 seconds.
Damage Control Party -- cruisers have a 90s / 60s reset timer, battleships typically have a 120s / 80s reset timer.
Turning Mechanics -- cruisers can maintain 80% of their 4/4 engine speed in a turn. Battleships typically maintain only 75%.
We now have five "chubby cruisers" in game: Graf Spee, Kronshtadt, Stalingrad, Alaska, Azuma with one failed test-ship (Duke of York). We will no doubt see more coming in the future -- I'm expecting to see the Royal Navy battlecruisers join their ranks in some fashion. The only thing that really links these ships is their gun caliber as their designs are so disparate otherwise.
Mouse, if you want to call the Spee a "chubby cruiser" that works for me. But in no way is she a battlecruiser. Heck, the Spee really fails as a battlecruiser because even as a heavy cruiser, she's on the slow side. And for her era as well as tier, she's too small to be a battlecruiser. Proper battlecruisers should have around the same tonnage as same era battleships. One can get away with calling the other ships in your chubby list "battlecruisers" because they were of roughly a similar tonnage to smaller battleships of the WW2 and immediate pre-WW2 era.
I think that the way in which the chubby cruisers (other than the Spee) differ from WW1 and immediate post-WW1 battlecruisers is that those chubby cruisers mounted guns that were smaller than proper battleship guns for BBs built in that WW2 and immediate pre-WW2 time frame, i.e. 12" guns on the "WW2 battlecruisers" vs 14" or greater guns on the BBs. OTOH, all of the WW1 era BCs mounted guns that were of the same size or sometimes only a little smaller than their BB counterparts in the same navy. Thus, WW1 battlecruisers were pretty much as heavily armed as their WW1 battleship cousins.
As for ship type, I fully expect them to be classified as battleships, unless WG suddenly decides to create a battlecruiser type for MM, which I don't expect to happen.
The only thing that really links these ships is their gun caliber as their designs are so disparate otherwise.
Well... not really... and I think that's a clue into WG'ing's thinking and what they may do with a RN and SMS/KM CC line.
See way back when, when Graf Spee was announced/tested/released, I thought it should be a BB. Even though Germany called them one thing, and Britain called them another thing, functionally, they are smack dab in the original design intention of a Battlecruiser: a *cruiser* upscalled, and upgunned to BB proportions, while keeping the sailing characteristics (handling, speed, range ect) of a cruiser with the usage intent to serve as heavy scouts and commerce raiders. That's what the Invisibles were, and that's what all true Battlecruisers were and the Graf Spee was 100% in that vain. So when it was released as a CA I was kinda miffed since the Kongo and Amagi, especially Amagi, are BB's, and that the Graf Spee was getting the (at the time) unheard of heal at T6 for a Cruiser and was basically a low powered BB at T6.
Type the First: CC's that that were really embryonic Fast Battleships, and build/designed with that in mind.
Type the Second: CC's that were TRUE CC's, and designed and implemented (or intended) as such.
So for example the Hood, while yes a CC, and always referred to as such, it is important to recall that the Hood actually started it's initial design stages as an improved version of the Queen Elizabeth Battleships, and were changed VERY late in the design process (i.e. after it was already PAID for and pre-production had started) to CC's. Many of their features are much more in line with a Battleship than a Battlecruiser, especially things like sea handling (CC's are supposed to be dry, high endurance, cutting ships, BB's have no such concerns, and the Hood was a notoriously bad sea boat).
On the same end you have the Amagi, which I honestly think is what screws people's perceptions of CC's vs. BB's, as in, some people think CC's are battleships with armor shaved off to make it go faster (that is not remotely how momentum transfer works). Except with the Amagi's... cause that's EXACTLY what the Japanese naval 'engineers' did. There's a whole thing on that but suffice to say, I'd put folding money on whether the Amagi's would have preformed the way they claimed it would have. In any event, the design intention was far more based in BB than CA/CL and thus, a BB in game.
So then the Kron/Stalingrad come up. Where do they sit? Well more in the classical sense. They were CRUISERS, upgunned and enlarged to BB proportions, while maintaining those features that make cruisers able to, well, cruise.
So looking ahead, where would future CC lines work? Well assuming NOT a separate class, it's possible that different nations will get expansions in different ways. It's possible that the RN CC's will be a cruiser line, as straight to the Tiger, they were really all just large cruisers. The Repulse would be different though, as that's where the shift started. But the SMS/KM line would be BB's from the word go, as their CC's always had more influences from BB's than Cruisers.
I think the most telling event will be if/when an Invincible is released.
Indeed. I shudder at the thought of a 25-knot Tier 3 BB with 5mm armor and a full-hull citadel.
I imagine Armor scheme is the determining factor between Cruiser and Battleship in-game.
So...like all "art" and no "science"?
Mouse, if you want to call the Spee a "chubby cruiser" that works for me. But in no way is she a battlecruiser. Heck, the Spee really fails as a battlecruiser because even as a heavy cruiser, she's on the slow side. And for her era as well as tier, she's too small to be a battlecruiser. Proper battlecruisers should have around the same tonnage as same era battleships. One can get away with calling the other ships in your chubby list "battlecruisers" because they were of roughly a similar tonnage to smaller battleships of the WW2 and immediate pre-WW2 era.
They seemed to have done Hood right as far as maneuverability goes. Not sure as far as Stalingrad goes, but balans? Battlecuisers have lighter tonnage since the armor coverage is less. It makes sense if the ruddger shift and turning circle would be less than BB and greater than a CA. Don't see it though.
Prinz Eugen doesn't count anymore?
Overall, a well thought out post but I have a quibble with the above passage.
The main effect of shaving off weight for a ship is not in momentum transfer but on hydrodynamic drag by way way of displacement. If you can reduce displacement for the same ship dimensions, you reduce the drag by reducing the draft depth. So yes, reducing weight will improve speed.
If Kron/Stalingrad/Alaska/Azuma or any of the above get 60s fire duration, they have to be reclassified in game as BBs, and get the SAME treatment as pretty much ALL BBs. Whether this be much lower citadels, or better belt armor, or more HP.. whatever. No matter what, Staling/Kron should have BETTER concealment than even the stealthiest BB(Conq). WG gave them that atrocious concealment claiming it is a drawback (see: sacrifice) for their benefits. Just like giving them a 60s fire duration, they have not gained even a SINGLE benefit that is equal to the BBs of the same tier, therefore they should NOT get an equal drawback. Otherwise, since BBs sacrifice NOTHING for their concealment like all other ship types do, lessened concealment therefore is not a valid drawback to give to those "chubby cruisers" either.
There are Cruisers that sacrifice armor..and max HP to get a few km better concealment. There are DDs that sacrifice concealment to get better armor and HP. The Khaba doesn't have Cruiser base concealment. BBs have the highest HP and armor in the game, as well as the best citadels (mostly underwater), therefore by the same standards should have substantially nerfed concealment compared to current.
Kron/Stalin/Alaska/Azuma keep the low cooldown on their damage control, I guess this is how WG saw it.
As for concealment, it was shown that most likely CE will be a flat 10% and not scale depending on class as it does now. That should nerf a bit BB concealment.
They have Cruiser DCP true, then the logical solution would be to give them a cooldown half way between Cruiser and BB. However, their concealment should still be better than even the stealthiest BB, again for reasons explained. Also keep in mind that there is no in game designation for Light Cruiser, Heavy Cruiser, Battlecruiser, nor Super Cruiser. Stalin/Kron/Azuma/Alaska/Moskva are still first and foremost "Cruisers" (CA) until that designation changes.
The concealment change is minimal, as Cruisers and BBs are simply getting the same concealment buff across the board. The most logical action would be to either make it so CE scales in reverse of what it does now or even make it not effect BBs and CVs period.
I am a nautical engineer and you are wrong because of a fundamental lack of knowledge: Momentum Transfer *is* Hydrodynamic Drag. They are the same study. Momentum Transfer is an Engineer's way of describing what is known Fluid Forces, Transport Phenomena, hydrodynamics, ect. All are syndromes for the same field of study. Your above statement is like saying, "it's not thermolysis, it's thermal decomposition,' They're the same thing.
Aside from that, you are operating under the idea that streamling is not done with displacement in mind, i.e., that a ship that displaces x tonnes and thus has draft y is streamlines for draft y - z. Or simply put; we streamline a ship AROUND it's intended operating displacement. So, for example, I have the Iowa. It uses an internal belt so I can 'remove' armor with a belt sander and remove 7000 tonnes of armor without effecting the ships external characteristics at all. It won't go faster. The reason is that the hydrodynamic forces do not account for the mass of an object, just the length of time it takes for a fluid to return to laminar flow once it's disturbed into turbulent. That's why a 70,000 ton Iowa can move as fast as an 10,000 ton County Class Cruiser, despite being bigger in every dimension; the proportion of the disturbance to the time of return is the same, and ergo, the speed.
Now to streamlining specifically, that's actually about these things called Stagnation points where the velocity of the fluid equals zero. When we design ships, especially cargo, bulk, and LNG Carriers, we are acutely aware that the draft is constantly changing through the life of the ship. On one trip it may be 5 m, on another 10 m. And it has to be JUST as fuel efficient on one as the other and just as fast. Now to ensure that, we streamline the ship in a way that it's streamlined at BOTH drafts. It means that certain features become prominent, like bulbous bows (these are worthless on warships and is why many modern *trained* nautical engineers look at the Yamatos and laugh), stern designs, rudder designs, coatings, and a million little things to ensure that speed is preserved regardless of draft.
Now say I had the Arizona, and shaved 10 inches of armor off of it. Would it go as fast an Iowa? Even if it lost 10 feet of draft? No. It would, at best, gain a knot. Maybe less. There is no *mass* term in the hullspeed design equation for a reason. It doesn't actually matter. In fact, if you look at ALL hydrodynamic equations, mass terms never exist. Geometry sorta plays in, but more to do with length/beam.
They seemed to have done Hood right as far as maneuverability goes. Not sure as far as Stalingrad goes, but balans? Battlecuisers have lighter tonnage since the armor coverage is less. It makes sense if the rudder shift and turning circle would be less than BB and greater than a CA. Don't see it though.
Actually, WW1 era BBs had about the same tonnage as their BB counterparts, because while they had less tonnage in armor, it was a trade off to put more tonnage into engines and boilers.
In fact, this is a big reason why BCs became obsolete in the mod/late 20's. At that time, there was some sort of engine and/or boiler technological advancement that allowed for ships to get more shaft horsepower for less tonnage. And the result was that BBs could get BC speed without having to give up any of their armor tonnage simply by using the more advanced boilers and engines.
Another point is that another way that ships gain more speed is to use longer, thinner hulls. Longer thinner hulls are faster than short, fat ones. But longer, thinner hulls require more tonnage, not only for the basic hull itself, but for armor, since longer hulls mean longer citadels which mean a lot more of the hull that needs to be covered by armor. Short, stout hulls are great for BBs that aren't looking for great speed (like the US Standards) because the shorter length means that they can concentrate much of their main belt armor tonnage over a shorter area, which then means that for the same tonnage in armor, they will get a thicker belt, whereas longer faster hulls end up having to spread that tonnage out over a larger area which ends up creating a thinner armored belt.
Also, longer, thinner hulls have larger turning circles than short, stout ones.
There were no battlecruisers ever.
Thank goodness, the battlecruiser conundrum is solved!
Battlecruisers have been in this game since closed beta: Kongo and Amagi are battlecruisers. Hood is a battlecruiser.
Battlecruisers are nothing new to World of Warships.
Azuma, Kronstadt, Alaska, and Stalingrad are not battlecruisers. They are large cruisers. The difference can be seen in their armor profiles, which are nowhere near the battleships from the same era.
The differences become harder to spot in higher tiers because the battlecruiser design concept evolved into the fast battleship, as technology advanced and fewer tradeoffs were required to meet the speed demands. You can see this just comparing Kongo to Amagi. Amagi is just as fast as Kongo, but is larger, has more and heavier guns, and more protection. Amagi is in the "missing link" zone where battlecruisers were evolving into fast battleships. Hood is the same, having near-identical protection to other tier 7 battleships but a significantly higher speed while still having 15 inch guns.
You can also see this by comparing Scharnhorst to Bismarck. Scharnhorst is in the middle of transitioning, having heavy armor but small guns (as was the German approach to battlecruisers) while Bismarck achieves nearly the same speed and has larger guns and superior protection. Scharnhorst is an early fast battleship/battlecruiser hybrid, a transitional phase of this evolution, while Bismarck is a fully fledged Fast Battleship. In fact, in the 3 years since its launch the Scharnhorsts were going to be upgraded with 15 inch guns, due to the tech advancements that permitted this and pre-planning by the engineers to facilitate such a change, which we have in-game as Gneisnau.
In later tiers, when you encounter the likes of Iowa and Montana, the battlecruiser has fully transitioned into the fast battleship, having to trade very little for the engine power required for the high speeds that battlecruisers previously sacrified for.
Any battlecruiser tree is going to transition from battlecruisers into fast battleships at around tiers 7-8.
In a theoretical Battlecruiser tree, Pre-CV Lexington is fairly good T6 Battleship material. Big guns, fairly poor armor, similar to Kongo. She would be followed by a tier 7 transitional ship, then South Dakota at tier 8 as a fully fledged Fast Battleship.
Except that is not actually the low end of BB caliber guns. The lowest gun of the BB caliber, on an out right BB, is I believe 305 mm - which all but Scharnhorst, which is classified as a Battleship, have, or better. And in the case of Kongo I believe they use the fast battleship rebuild of the ship.
Hate to be this way - but I think the determining factor at this point is simply money. All other battlecruisers are basically tier 7 or lower battleships, Amagi is the exception though I believe also she is actually rebuilt as a BB similar to Kongo, with her down tier version being the actual BC layout. The You look at the last/next 4, Kronstadt was made a tier 9 cruiser for free XP, which they make money on people converting xp (part of why we don't have accelerated training like the other 2 games), Alaska they are jacking the price up, meaning more from conversions, and then you have Stalingrad and likely Azuma as steel ships, which used to be ranked only but wait, they are offering campaigns for money that allow you to get steel now for those.
Make them cruisers, people compare them to a cruiser, makes them seem stronger and worthy of a higher tier, make them a BB, as every other BC was - then they become weak seeming, and would likely have to be lower tier, like Scharn, Kongo, Hood (which I personally think was overtiered), and the rest.
A large part of it comes down to historical designations. The Kronshtadt/Stalingrad were both given the "heavy cruiser" designation by the VMF, while the USN went out of their way to avoid labeling the Alaska as a battlecruiser(CC), instead opting for the "large cruiser" (CB) designation. I don't speak Japanese so I can't confirm it first hand, but I believe the IJN also used a similar designation to refer to the B-65s as cruisers rather than battlecruisers.
From my understanding the historical justification for it is all predicated on context and how naval warfare had evolved. By the time the large cruisers were, or were planned, to be built, they no longer measured up to contemporary BBs in the same way that the older battlecruisers did before them. For instance, the Lexington class which was in development over 20 years before the Alaska was launched was already going to be equipped with 16 inch guns to match the fire power of contemporary BBs. This is a similar story across the CCs from other nations. By the time the CBs as a concept were introduced they were no longer up to capital ship standards, and were designed to function more inline as upscaled heavy cruisers than true CCs.
...good luck getting consensus on this topic.
Story of my life on so many topics. Fundamental lack of knowledge. Classic.
The only reason they would seem weak if they were changed in designation to BB without any other changes is only because BBs have been allowed to over perform for so long and WG refuses to balance them accordingly.
People need to stop with the completely incorrect line of thought that balance is decided internally within the ship type. Just because WG does it, does not make it any less factually incorrect. Balance is determined through observations of the performance trends of ALL ship types and their interaction with each other, utilizing data analytics. WG doesn't actually determine what is or isn't balanced anymore than they can decide that "20,000" is higher than "40,000". They have claimed essentially that many times before, but are obviously fact checked and found false..
if Ship type X is factually under performing, and Ship class B is the "best" performer in Ship type X, that is not even the slightest indication that Ship Class B needs a nerf. Not even the slightest. If Ship Type X is underperforming the median range by 10-20% and Ship Class B can simply be that 10%, it is still underperforming itself.
Stalingrad, Kron, Moskva... these are post release ships. They are live and have been live. The others are still in testing, where discourse about changes applied have barely any weight. The 3 former ships all sacrifice something for every one of their gains. They are not "Superior" to cruisers, it only appears that way because of how WG has completely disregarded adhering to a single balance model. You have the TANKIEST ship type in the game also have the highest potential (and reliably) BURST DAMAGE and LONGEST RANGE in the game(and be the lowest skill floor as well). These are a combination of attributes no other game applies to the same platform because it is automatically game -breaking. Thus when certain Cruisers gain attributes closer to that of BBs and simply sacrifice some of their Cruiser attributes, they *appear* to be directly superior to Cruisers. The bias and favoritism further shows its ugly head with the double-standards in regards to concealment. None of these three Cruisers get to have any attribute that is on equal ground with a BB of the same tier, they all simply get to be somewhere in the middle, and yet have concealment that is WORSE than some/most BBs. What a joke that is.
For the time being, "battlecruisers" are not a thing in World of Warships -- the devs have refused to insert a new ship type. Yet, in a way, they have. More and more, these "battlecruisers" (and I hate to use that term because it represents something else IRL entirely) are differentiating themselves distinctly from cruisers and battleships. They have their own rules for fire damage, for example. They're borrowing elements from both ship types selectively as a hybrid where some are considered more important a distinction that not.
My concern, simply, is that we don't have a name for this artificial category of ship in this game which currently includes Graf Spee, Azuma, Alaska, Kronshtadt, Stalingrad and the old Duke of York. I specifically don't want to borrow a historical term like battlecruiser or large cruiser or panzerschiffe or pocket battleship because it has a connotation that does not apply to the whole. There is nothing stopping Wargaming from including a true battleship in this category like they almost did with Duke of York (and I personally hope to see for Howe or Prince of Wales) or for putting a battlecruiser like the proposed German O-class or even a large light cruiser like the Courageous-class. I want a word to describe this artificial lump of warships in this game that historically have nothing really linking them.
I think Large Cruiser (CB) is a perfectly adequate term to refer to these ships. It recognizes they're unique from CLs and CAs, while still being separate from capital ships, (CC/BB), and thus warranting a cruiser designation in game, for now at least.
We'll have to see how WG proceeds going forward, I suppose it could all change down the road, but deep down I have my doubts. Despite the fact I think it would be the best way to balance them going forward, I'm not sure WG is going to want to retroactively change the MM/icon of existing premiums, like the Kronshtadt and soon™ to be Alaska due to their hesitation to mess with existing premium balance. I also think the CBs have been made cruisers for mostly historical reasons, and I'm not sure if they'll ever amount to more than just a few oddball high tier premiums.
The thought of WG making a cruiser like BB is interesting, but I don't see it fitting into the same class as the large cruisers we have now. It would most likely end up being a mid tier balancing wise, and there are no "large cruisers" for it to be matched up with and it would probably just end up having a BB icon. I suppose if we wanted to get real crazy, maybe they might try making something like the Howe or PoW a Tier 10 "cruiser", which could reopen the discussion, but....that just sounds too out there to make me think WG would try it. Don't get me wrong, I'm very intrigued by the idea of cruiser-like BBs to compliment the BB-like cruisers....I just don't see them ever playing into the discussion and argue that they are their own unique, separate identity, and don't really think the original DoY should really be treated the same as the Stalingrad or Alaska.
*Also it's worth noting that the Graf Spee has slipped under the nerf bat radar and it seems WG does not consider it to be in the same class of ships as the Stalingrad + other high tier CBs.
I am not a nautical engineer, but I do have a degree in chemical engineering. Very different application but fluid dynamics is a major part of it (haven’t done equations in a while and am quite rusty both at those and terminology, mostly laboratory work now.) Point being, I really appreciate your post.
I wasn’t trying to claim that mass was an important variable directly, just that it increases draft. Now if I understand you correctly you’re stating that the right hull design and geometry mostly negates the impact of differences in draft (so long as those differences are within design parameters).
That is pretty intersting as at first glance it’s counterintuitive that displacing more water wouldn’t result in greater drag for the same length to beam.
Graf Spee already has a lot of the newly added CB elements baked in. Fires last 45 seconds, for example. Her Repair Party is that of a battleship, not of a high-tier cruiser.
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Does hypoglycemia following a glucose challenge test identify a high risk pregnancy?
An association between maternal hypoglycemia during pregnancy with fetal growth restriction and overall perinatal mortality has been reported. In a retrospective pilot study we found that hypoglycemia was linked with a greater number of special care/neonatal intensive care unit admissions and approached significance in the number of women who developed preeclampsia. That study was limited by its retrospective design, a narrow patient population and the inability to perform multivariate analysis because of the limitations in the data points collected. This study was undertaken to compare the perinatal outcome in pregnancies with hyoglycemia following a glucose challenge test (GCT) to pregnancies with a normal GCT.
Obstetric patients (not pre-gestational diabetics or gestational diabetes before 24 weeks were eligible. Women with a 1 hour glucose ≤ 88 mg/dL (4.8 m/mol) following a 50-gram oral GCT were matched with the next patient with a 1 hour glucose of 89–139 mg/dL. Pregnancy outcomes were evaluated.
Over 22 months, 436 hypoglycemic patients and 434 normal subjects were identified. Hypoglycemia was increased in women < 25 (p = 0.003) and with pre-existing medical conditions (p < 0.001). Hypoglycemia was decreased if pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 30 (p = 0.008).
Preeclampsia/eclampsia was more common in hypoglycemic women. (OR = 3.13, 95% CI 1.51 – 6.51, p = 0.002) but not other intrapartum and perinatal outcomes.
Hypoglycemic patients are younger, have reduced pre-pregnancy weight, lower BMIs, and are more likely to develop preeclampsia than normoglycemic women.
An association between maternal hypoglycemia during pregnancy with fetal growth restriction and overall perinatal mortality was reported in 1979 . Since that time other investigators have used a variety of screening methods including both oral and intravenous glucose loading to identify hypoglycemia in pregnancy and relate this finding to pregnancy outcomes [2–9]. One of the most recent studies used the 100-gram oral glucose tolerance test and found a significantly lower incidence of both gestational diabetes and neonatal birth weights . The best test to categorize pregnancies with hypoglycemia is uncertain, but the most widely available and frequently used test in most pregnancies would be the most effective screening test if correlated with pregnancy outcomes.
Previously, we undertook a retrospective pilot study to evaluate hypoglycemia following a 1 hour 50 g glucose challenge test (GCT) to determine if any association could be identified between hypoglycemia and an adverse pregnancy outcome . That investigation found that hypoglycemia was linked with a greater number of special care/neonatal intensive care unit admissions and approached significance in the number of women who developed preeclampsia. The study was limited by its retrospective design, a narrow patient population and the inability to perform multivariate analysis because of the limitations in the data points collected.
All pregnant women attending the Obstetric Clinics of the Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA, and the Obstetric Clinics at the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, who had not been diagnosed with pre-gestational diabetes or who had not been screened and identified as having diabetes prior to 24 weeks gestation were eligible for this study. Prospectively, these women routinely had a 1-hour 50-gram oral GCT as a screen for gestational diabetes performed at 24–28 weeks of gestational age. Hypoglycemia on the one hour oral GCT was defined for this investigation as it has been defined by others as a glucose level ≤ 88 mg/dl (4.8 m/mol) [1, 11]. All women with a one hour glucose of ≤ 88 mg/dL (4.8 m/mol) (hypoglycemic group) were identified and normoglycemic controls the next patient with a one hour glucose following the glucose challenge test of 89 – 139 mg/dL (4.9–7.7 m/mol). Women with 1-hour glucose of ≥ 140 mg/dl (7.7 m/mol) following the 50-gram oral GCT would undergo a 3-hour glucose tolerance test with a 100-gram glucose load. A data sheet was completed and antenatal, intrapartum, and neonatal outcomes of the hypoglycemic group were compared with the normal group. Each patient was assigned a study number, and there were no patient identifiers on the data collection sheet.
This study was approved by the Chief, Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Washington, DC, through the local Clinical Investigation Program (Naval Medical Center – Portsmouth) (PO5-051). Approval was also obtained through the Investigation Review Board at the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS. The sharing of information between the 2 institutions was approved through the Navy Clinical and Cooperative Research and Development Agreement between the Naval Medical Center – Portsmouth and the University of Mississippi Medical Center (NMCP – 05–054).
We recruited 436 women with hypoglycemia and 434 women with normal blood glucose on the GCT to detect odds ratios ≥ 2.50 with 80% power for association between hypoglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes such as IUGR and preeclampsia when using multivariable logistic regression analysis.
Data were summarized using means and standard deviations or medians and interquartile ranges (IQR) for continuous data, depending on data normality. Frequency distributions were used to summarize categorical data. Univariate comparisons between women with hypoglycemia and normal glycemic controls were based on Mann-Whitney tests for continuous outcomes and Chi-square tests for categorical outcomes. Supplementary analyses utilized logistic regression modeling to investigate factors simultaneously associated with each pregnancy outcome considered such as preeclampsia, preterm delivery and IUGR. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to summarize the covariate effects on the outcomes of interest. Relative risks have been obtained using the group prevalence of each outcome considered and OR estimates from the logistic regression analysis . Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS statistical software (SPSS, Inc., Version 11.0, Chicago, Illinois). P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Eight hundred seventy women were recruited (436 and 434 with GCT ≤ 88 mg/dL (4.8 m/mol) and GCT range 89–139 mg/dL (4.9–7.7 m/mol) respectively) into the study between September 2004 and May 2006. Groups were similar in race, gravidity, parity and pregnancy weight gain (Table 1). Compared to women with normal GCT, hypoglycemic women were younger (24.7 vs. 25.9 years of age, p < 0.001), had lower pre-pregnancy weight (150 lb vs. 157 lb, p = 0.003) and lower pre-pregnancy BMI (27.0 vs. 26.5, p = 0.002). Higher rates of pre-existing medical conditions (12% vs. 5%, p < 0.001), prenatal complications (18% vs. 10%, p < 0.001) and antepartum hospitalizations (12% vs. 6%, p = 0.002) were found in hypoglycemic women (Table 1). Higher proportion of hypoglycemic women required induction of labor (30% vs. 20%, p < 0.0010) for a variety of reasons including rupture of the membranes without labor, non-reassuring antenatal testing, oligohydramnios, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, and preterm premature rupture of the membranes, Table 2). However, no differences in frequency of cervical ripening (p = 0.792), modes of delivery (p = 0.364) and reasons for cesarean delivery (p = 0.572) were found. Although the median gestational ages at delivery did not significantly differ between the groups, preterm deliveries were more frequent in the hypoglycemic group (p = 0.019).
(1) mean ± standard deviation shown; (2) medians and interquartile ranges (1st – 3rd quartile) are shown; (3) percentages for subsets of patients with condition present are shown; (4) other conditions include gestational diabetes (n = 3), sickle cell disease (n = 3), multiple sclerosis (n = 3), PPROM (n = 1), lupus APA syndrome (n = 1), protein C deficiency (n = 1), renal disease (n = 1), seizure disorder (n = 1), ulcerative colitis (n = 1) and FV Leiden (n = 1); (5) GHTN (n = 7), PPROM (n = 4), gestational diabetes (n = 4), placenta praevia (n = 3), pyelonephritis (n = 3), 2 vessel cord (n = 3), DVT (n = 1), PE (n = 1), cholestasis (n = 1), cerclage (n = 1) and gastroschisis (n = 1).
(1) Percentages for subsets of patients with condition present are shown.
Neonatal outcomes are shown in Table 3. Neonates born to women with hypoglycemia were of lower birth weight (median 3240 gm vs. median 3313 gm, p = 0.008). Similarly, the distribution of birth weight was different (p = 0.002), with a higher proportion of neonates with a birth weight less than 2500 gm in women with hypoglycemia. These differences, however, were not reflected in the incidence of IUGR which was similar in both groups (12% and 9% for hypoglycemic and control women, respectively, p = 0.277). Incidence of pH<7.1 and Apgar scores <7 at 5 minutes were similar between the groups (p = 0.130 and p = 0.374). No differences between admission to the NICU were found (p = 0.149).
(1) Medians and interquartile ranges (1st quartile – 3rd quartile) are shown; (2) percentages for subsets of patients with condition present are shown.
Three perinatal deaths occurred in the study, 2 in the hypoglycemic group and 1 in control women. The perinatal death in the control group was a neonate delivered at 36 weeks after prolonged rupture of the membranes that died in the NICU of sepsis. The first of the 2 deaths in the hypoglycemia group occurred following a 24 week delivery with the infant subsequently dying from complications of prematurity. The second death was a stillborn at 36 weeks secondary to a cord accident.
Multivariable analysis of predictors of hypoglycemia in pregnancy indicated age, pre-existing medical conditions and pre-pregnancy BMI categories (<19, 19–30, ≥30) as simultaneously significant risk factors. Age under 25 years (OR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.18–2.22, p = 0.003) and presence of pre-existing medical conditions (OR = 4.02, 95% CI 2.22–7.27, p < 0.001) increased the likelihood of hypoglycemia. Compared to women with pre-pregnancy BMI between 19 and 30, women with BMI ≥ 30 had a lower risk of hypoglycemia (OR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.42–0.87, p = 0.008), while women with BMI < 19 had similar likelihood of hypoglycemia in pregnancy (OR = 1.20, 95% CI 0.60–2.37, p = 0.608).
Evaluation of effects of hypoglycemia on pregnancy outcomes in multivariable logistic regression analyses indicated that, compared to women with 1 hour glucose between 89 and 139 mg/dL, women with hypoglycemia were more likely to develop preeclampsia/eclampsia (OR = 3.13, 95% CI 1.51–6.51, p = 0.002). Another simultaneous predictor of preeclampsia/eclampsia was presence of pre-existing hypertension (OR = 7.29, 95% CI 3.61–14.75, p < 0.001), while presence of other pre-existing medical conditions did not alter the risk (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 0.17–10.81, p = 0.769). Sensitivity of hypoglycemia in pregnancy for prediction of preeclampsia had 77.8% sensitivity, 51.4% specificity, 8% positive predictive power and 97.7% negative predictive power.
Hypoglycemia in pregnancy was not related to an indicated induction of labor (OR = 1.75, 95% CI 0.83–1.66, p = 0.361), once other risk factors were simultaneously considered including age under 25 (OR = 2.18, 95% CI 1.53–3.11, p < 0.001), presence of preeclampsia/eclampsia (OR = 11.63, 95% CI 5.23–25.85, p < 0.001), presence of pre-existing medical conditions (OR = 2.77, 95% CI 1.60–4.81, p < 0.001), and gestational age at delivery (p < 0.001).
Hypoglycemia in pregnancy appeared not to be related to the likelihood of preterm delivery (OR = 1.61, 95% CI 0.92–2.82, p = 0.093) when the adjustments for preeclampsia/eclampsia (OR = 9.05, 95% CI 4.28–19.16, p < 0.001) and preterm labor (OR = 39.34, 95% CI 16.31–94.87, p < 0.001) were made. No effects of hypoglycemia in pregnancy were associated with fetal distress in labor, cesarean delivery, IUGR, low pH, low Apgar scores at 5 minutes, or admissions to a NICU after adjusting for other risk factors (Table 4). No multivariable assessment of oligohydramnios was performed due to the small number of cases (n = 12).
Preeclampsia: presence of pre-existing hypertension, presence of other medical history, maternal age.
Induction of labor: any pre-existing medical history, gestational age, preeclampsia, maternal age.
Preterm delivery: preeclampsia, antenatal hospitalizations, threatened preterm labor, labor induction.
IUGR: gestational age at delivery, pre-existing medical conditions present.
Macrosomia: maternal age, preeclampsia and gestational age at delivery.
Umbilical artery pH<7.1: gestational age at delivery and mode of delivery.
5 min Apgar < 7: gestational age at delivery and induction of labor.
NICU admission for any reason: gestational age at delivery, fetal distress in labor, cesarean delivery, IUGR, macrosomia.
Nearly universal screening of pregnant women is undertaken with a one hour GCT between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation except in women who are diabetic prior to the pregnancy or who have risk factors for diabetes and are screened at an earlier gestational age. Elevated blood glucoses on the one hour screen lead to further evaluation with a three hour glucose tolerance test. To date, an association of low blood glucoses to adverse pregnancy outcome remains uncertain. The literature that is present on hypoglycemia and pregnancy outcomes is old and a variety of glucose challenge tests have been used to define hypoglycemia in pregnancy. This study evaluated the predictability of a laboratory result that is widely available on pregnant women and its possible association with an unfavorable pregnancy outcome.
Conditions were identified by multivariate analysis in which the participants would be more likely to have hypoglycemia on the GCT. They include a maternal age < 25 years and the presence of preexisting medical conditions (chronic hypertension, chronic renal disease, thrombophilia, lupus, and seizure disorders). However, no difference in the risk of hypoglycemia was observed between women with a pre-pregnancy BMI of 19–30 vs. those with a BMI < 19, but as expected, women with a BMI > 30 had a significantly reduced incidence of hypoglycemia. This finding is consistent with the observation that women with a pre-pregnancy BMI > 30 are more likely to develop gestational diabetes and would therefore more likely have a blood glucose > 140 mg/dL (7.7 m/mol) on GCT .
The pregnancy effects of maternal hypoglycemia were then evaluated. Multivariate analysis revealed that women with hypoglycemia were more likely to develop preeclampsia/eclampsia. This result has not been reported before to our knowledge although in our pilot study the incidence of preeclampsia approached significance in those women with hypoglycemia following the GCT. We do acknowledge that the strength of this association is currently uncertain, as we have no precise information on the time that the glucose challenge test was undertaken and when the preeclampsia was diagnosed in each of the patients. The relationship was assumed based on an implicit close relationship in gestational age of the diagnosis of the hypoglycemia and the development of the preeclampsia. We can speculate that since preeclampsia is present early in pregnancy and alters placental implantation with a failure of vascular remodeling, the maternal/placental function is affected. Rather than an increasing resistance to insulin with the production of HPL by the placenta and other diabetogenic hormones and factors, as is observed in a normal pregnancy, these would be reduced resulting in less insulin resistance and a greater tendency for hypoglycemia following a glucose challenge test. The vasospasm of preeclampsia could also play some unknown role in altering the maternal response to a glucose load. Further investigations are needed to clarify if a relationship does exist between glucose loading and women who subsequently develop preeclampsia, and if so, the pathophysiology of that maternal response.
Indicated inductions of labor for a variety of reasons including rupture of membranes without labor, non reassuring antenatal testing, oligohydramnios, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction and preterm premature rupture of the membranes were more commonly identified in the hypoglycemic group compared with women with a normal glucose following the GCT. As expected, this would suggest that women develop a variety of problems in the latter part of pregnancy that would result in an indicated induction. Hypoglycemia was also associated with a significant reduction in fetal macrosomia. This is not an unexpected finding as the hyperglycemia of gestational diabetes is linked with a greater risk of fetal macrosomia.
Also notable was the lack of association between hypoglycemia and preterm labor and/or delivery. The women with hypoglycemia were not at increased risk compared to women with a normal GCT for fetal distress in labor, cesarean delivery, low Apgar scores, low cord pH or admission to a neonatal intensive care unit. The lack of correlation between hypoglycemia and intrauterine growth retardation is different from the finding of most other investigators [1–7, 9], except for 2 of the more recent studies which also evaluated hypoglycemia after the 50 gram oral glucose challenge test [8, 11]. The older studies used a variety of techniques to identify the hypoglycemic pregnancies including higher both oral and IV glucose loading than that achieved with the oral 50-gram load as in our screening protocol. One possible explanation is that pregnancies identified as hypoglycemic by higher pre-test loads identify pregnancies in which the fetuses become growth restricted, but that the lower load with the 50-gram dose does not categorize the same women as hypoglycemic. Different patient demographics and different definitions of intrauterine growth restriction may also have contributed to the lack of significance with hypoglycemia in this study. Intrauterine growth restriction, low Apgar scores, umbilical artery pH and NICU admissions were all seen more frequently in the hypoglycemic group compared to the control group but the findings were not statistically significantly different. Even though this was a large prospective study with 870 women the possibility of a sample size error must be taken into consideration and that with larger number of participants a significant difference may be observed.
One of the weaknesses of this study may be that the glucose load to identify the pregnancies which are linked to an adverse pregnancy outcome may be too low. However, this must be balanced with the availability and ease of administration of the test. Use of the 50-gram load is very appealing to most pregnant women undergoing this test in the second trimester of pregnancy. The strength of this study is the large number of prospectively matched women which was evaluated and the multiple analyses undertaken to accurately determine which women are more likely to become hypoglycemic and the outcomes of those pregnancies.
Future investigations are needed to clearly describe the associations between women who are hypoglycemic following a glucose challenge, women with one abnormal value on a glucose tolerance test, and women with 2 abnormal values (gestational diabetics) with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The use of additional diagnostic tests such as the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) with both insulin resistance (HOMO-IR) and beta cell function (HOMO-BETA) may well prove to be beneficial in further understanding of the links between maternal glucose and their effects on pregnancies. The observed association between hypoglycemia and oligohydramnios and the known link between hyperglycemia and hydramnios in addition to the witnessed relationship between oligohydramnios and intrauterine growth restriction and hydramnios with macrosomia provide a very fruitful area for further investigations to assist in the understanding of the role of maternal glucose and these connections.
Women with hypoglycemia on GCT are younger and more likely to have a pre-existing medical condition prior to pregnancy. They may be more likely to develop preeclampsia during pregnancy but not intrauterine growth restriction.
SBP and JBH collected the data on all the patients; DAD did all the statistical work for the paper; EFM helped collect data on patients, wrote the IRB and assisted on writing the paper. SPC and JCM helped with the planning and IRB submission and assisted in writing the manuscript.
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0.999004 |
Top ways to claim a tax rebate online There are many taxpayers that don’t know that they can claim a tax rebate. Many taxpayers pay more tax than is necessary for a financial year. For some the information on what they can get a refund for is not known to them. There are many that might be thinking about how this can be made a reality. Well, it is very easy and requires the provision of necessary information. For instance, as an employee, if you use your personal money for work-related matters. Your employer does not cover for the expenses then, you due to claim a refund. To help those that are not aware of what they can claim a tax rebate on. Here is a list of some of the things you can get a rebate on. • Expense during training and course that is work-related • Travel expenses • Materials, tools, and equipment • Accommodation fee • Professional fee and subscriptions These are some of the things you could get a rebate for if your employer does not cover it. This is so for those that is under the pay as you earn system. You can get this tax rebate online from the comfort of your office or home. But there are some document and information you need to provide for this to be possible. These documents serve as evidence in processing the refund. You can check a list of some of the documents you need to provide to claim a refund. • Receipts (Course fees, food, tolls and anything receipts that relates to your work) • An ID card (Passport or driver’s license) • Your MOT certificates (necessary if you used personal transportation) • A Proof of address (Utility bill, tax bill or bank statement) • Your pay slips from your contractor or employer. • A comprehensive list of place travelled to for a work-related purpose. • The dates you travelled to those places. By providing this information, you can claim a tax rebate. For further enquiries, call the contact number that is available .
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0.999703 |
Ouvir as gravações dos chilenos do With White Wolves é como se estivéssemos os assistindo ao vivo. Tudo é totalmente improvisado e lo fi. Muito pela falta de grana, mesmo porque os caras não tem nada lançado oficialmente.
Porém, tudo soa de forma ilustrativa, porque é em cima do palco que a viagem com eles começa, apesar a qualidade técnica das gravações dá pra sacar facilmente um belo drempop em formato ensolarado, quase californiano, seria então um dreamsurf?
Pode acreditar que sim. Que o futuro seja bacana com o WWW, porque o potencial é imenso.
It was a secret, nobody around me listened to this music (except of my parents), so, i was very shy about the fact that i was playing alone a genre that wasnt popular enough. Im from Puerto Varas city, almost the end of the world, now im living in Santiago.
2: I have a lot of influences, i dont know, maybe i miss some band but i started doing this after listening band like Virus, Cocteau Twins, My Bloody Valentine, White Wishes, Sebadoh, Built to Spill, etc. I listen to a lot of music, you know, emo, skramz, black metal, new wave, shoegaze, industrial. I know that WWW is very dreampop, but there's a lot of influences behind it.
Q. How do you describe Whit White Wolves sounds?
5: I can't describe perfectly the sound, i think that is dreampop but we play really fast, its a mix between dreampop chords and effects and the energy of post punk.
7: From Chile: Juventud Psychoboreal, Kara Perouch, ColoreSantos, Herbario, Orquesta Pandroginia, Armisticio, Prismatic Spring, Cipréses, Espéctro, Paracaidistas.
8: Any song by ELO or Virus.
9: With a lot of friends we are creating a colective-label, with with white wolves we re gonna release an ep called "Nitay" in September.
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0.998134 |
What is interesting about this list is the need to identify Darth Maul as '(Episode I)' while the R2-D2 and Sandtrooper are listed without film designations. Sure, we all know the Sandtroopers were only in one film, but at the same time we also know that Maul was only in one film. Does this mean we'll see a robot legged Maul based on his Clone Wars appearance? Considering the R2 also doesn't have the film designation, does that mean we won't see a Bar2-D2 or a flying R2?
No Bothans were killed to bring us this information.
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0.987969 |
Edit Article wiki How to Code a Video Game. Two Parts: Choosing an Engine Designing the Game Community Q A. Creating a video game is a huge undertaking Год выпуска: 2014 Жанр: Action (Shooter), 3D, 3rd Person, RPG Разработчик: SCE Japan Studio, Shift, Dimps Издательство. Trading commodities while sneaking past hostile forces, racing the best pilots in the area, mining for diamonds, negotiating for survival, spying for a curious energy. Скачать Traffic Racer Мод: много денег 2.4 на андроид - Аркадная гонка по дорогам с прямым движением.
Race, mod and tune dozens of licensed 3D cars. Start a team, invite your friends, win a tournament. Trade parts with other drag racers online and build a unique. Play the free online game CarX Drift Racing at Y8.com ! Click to play CarX Drift Racing free game! We have also selected the best free games Название фильма: Дневник баскетболиста На английском: The Basketball Diaries Жанр: Драма, криминал. Oct 5, 2015 download last version of Drag Racing 3D Apk + Mod (a lot of money) + Data for android from revdl with direct. Full Oculus VR Support. DiRT Rally now fully supports Oculus Rift giving you the ultimate experience in racing immersion. DiRT Rally VR puts you directly Online 2 Players Games. We have indexed categorized games from all over the web. Over 100,000 games to choose from! UpdateStar is compatible with Windows platforms. UpdateStar has been tested to meet all of the technical requirements to be compatible with Windows 10, 8.1, Windows. Скачать игры через торрент. На сайте PCtorrent вы можете бесплатно без смс скачать игры через.
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Marx, and no way are these the top 10 most famous photos in the world. Download Drag Racing Real 3D Apk Mod Unlimited Money ,New update with version 1.0.4. Drag Racing Real 3D is a 3D racing game. Drive your car through. Bigdino Games, play free online games. The home of the Raft Wars series and portal site with over 1000 great browser based games. Feb 26, 2017 Download drag racing 3d mod apk with android OBB data files. You can get latest drag racing 3d mod hack with unlimited money. revolution fist. Development: Solar 2 was developed by a one man team! Just me, Jay Watts, doing most of the work. That includes all concept and design, all programming, all ingame. Drag Racing 3D – Полюбившиеся для всех гонки по прямой линии, называемые Drag Racing теперь в отличном 3D! Короткая дистанция на половину.
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0.989124 |
Performed to music by César Franck, Chorale premiered on April 18, 1926, at New York's 48thStreet Theater, Graham's first independent concert. The original cast included Graham, Thelma Biracree, Evelyn Sabin, and Betty Macdonald. The Democrat (Rochester, NY) of May 29, 1926, said the work suggested a "dark emotional mood."
Article. Performed to music by César Franck, Chorale premiered on April 18, 1926, at New York's 48thStreet Theater, Graham's first independent concert. The original cast included Graham, Thelma Biracree, Evelyn Sabin, and Betty Macdonald. The Democrat (Rochester, NY) of May 29, 1926, said the work suggested a "dark emotional mood."
Chorale Ballet choreographed by Martha Graham . Online Text. https://www.loc.gov/item/200153243/.
Chorale Ballet choreographed by Martha Graham . [Online Text] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/200153243/.
Chorale Ballet choreographed by Martha Graham . Online Text. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <www.loc.gov/item/200153243/>.
Martha Graham Dances clipping | 1 p., 2 x3 in. | Reproduced with permission of Martha Graham Resources, a division of The Martha Graham Center of Contemporary Dance, www.marthagraham.org. (Copyright Notice). Clipping (Form).
[ Review of Martha Graham recital of October 16, 1927] Review. clipping | 1 p., 2 x 3 in. | Reproduced with permission of Martha Graham Resources, a division of The Martha Graham Center of Contemporary Dance, www.marthagraham.org. (Copyright Notice). Clipping (Form).
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0.999968 |
It may seem unfair not to be able to sell something you own, but in fact, most digital content downloaded from iTunes or Google Play or Amazon is only licensed to you. The license is a form of contract that you entered into “freely” when you clicked that Download button, whether you read the fine print of the End User License Agreement (EULA) or not.
Even for content that is not protected by some form of Digital Rights Management (DRM) function, the typical EULA specifies that the purchaser of the license is entitled to use the content only for personal, non-commercial purposes.
In most cases, the user is not authorized to sell or transfer the content, even if it's feasible to do so, and in many cases it's not feasible.
Although Apple instituted a DRM free system for digital music in the U.S., Apple continues to use its Fairplay DRM system to prevent copying of TV and film content. Like Apps, these can only be installed on a limited number of devices belonging to the licensed user. Amazon imposes similar restrictions on Kindle books. Even Google enforces license verification for apps through Google Play, which prevents transfer of apps to unauthorized devices and may even prevent an authorized user from using an app on a device, if it isn't connected to the Internet.
In late January, Amazon received a patent for “An electronic marketplace for used digital objects” and on March 7 the US Patent Office published Apple's patent application for “Techniques . . . for managing access to a digital content item . . . to be transferred from one user to another.
What the patents of Amazon and Apple do is allow a licensed user to relinquish the license and content back to a distributor such as Apple and provide for various mechanisms where the content could be transferred to a new purchaser. In effect, digital marketplaces could be created for the used content which would bring buyers and sellers together. The key is that the content distributors maintain ultimate control over the licensed content and ensure that the process doesn't devolve into unlimited copying and piracy. Only one user at a time would be allowed to “own” a particular licensed content.
Does is really make sense to resell digital content, since it never wears out or degrades? I've been struggling to come up with a plausible business case for this that content providers would agree to. It's clear that content users would like to be able to trade or resell content that is no longer wanted, but there would need to be some form of discount involved with the transaction in order to attract prospective buyers away from “new” content.
It's not clear why content creators would ever agree to discounted selling of “used” digital content without some form of a value reduction mechanism that would justify offering a discount. Perhaps one approach would be to offer a transferable limited use license. This would provide a built in mechanism for devaluing the content, while at the same time offering a reasonable value proposition for the consumer. For instance, you might buy a transferable license for a video good for 10 views only. The more the video is watched, the less valuable the license would become, but it could be sold in the open market at any time.
The motivation for the content distributors (Apple, Google, Amazon, et al.) of such a system is that it would increase the number of transactions hosted by the distributors' servers, and presumably boost revenues through the added transaction fees. And of course, the content providers would get their cut as well. You may ask, Isn't this just a glorified form of renting? Well, sure, but it's more flexible in that it allows consumers to pay proportionally to their actual usage.
Last quarter, Apple generated about $3.7 billion in revenue from iTunes and App Store sales, up 22% y/y, and Google generated about $800 million from Google Play, up over 100% y/y. For all of 2012, Amazon generated about $20 billion in media revenues, up 15% y/y. In all three, the exact amount of revenue from digital content is unknown, but it's apparent that it's a growing business for all three companies.
Even though content creators are well protected by copyright law and the contract law behind licensing, every once in a while they're dealt a blow by the American legal system. In a recent case decided on March 19 of this year, the court sided with Supap Kirtsaeng in Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Kirtsaeng had created a lucrative business importing used textbooks into the United States, and Wiley tried to put a stop to it.
The Court upheld Kirtsaeng's right of first sale, which means that once a copyrighted work is purchased, the work can legally be resold without obligation to the copyright holder. Copyright law only bans unauthorized duplication and sale of the copyrighted work.
If the U.S. court system ever decided that digital content consumers should be accorded a similar right of first sale, the contemplated online markets for “used” content would be the ideal way (from the content creators standpoint) to accommodate that right while ensuring against illicit replication of the digital content. The U.S. courts would probably see that as a suitable solution that protects the rights of all concerned. Thus, companies such as Amazon and Apple may be pursuing these digital marketplaces as a kind of insurance against any legal monkey wrench that might be hurled into their burgeoning digital content businesses.
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0.999307 |
A salesperson courting a potential customer.
He hasn't realized his full potential yet.
The dispute has scared away potential investors.
She has acting potential, but she needs training.
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