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0.999469 |
This morning I sat among the trees and the breeze and conjured up this little poem, I love sitting in the woods on a breezy day and "listening" to the trees "sashay". The feeling of one with nature and the universe, The power of the wind and the gentle tune of the songbird, the awesomeness of life and living.
I see you, but do you see me?
When are you going away.
I love it when you snow, but i hate it when you stay.
At first i start to play, until the end of day.
But when the snow gets hard, I wish you go away.
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0.999863 |
Did you know that pregnancy can negatively affect your mouth and oral health? Many women who are pregnant do not realize this, but it is very important to understand the correlation and risks of pregnancy on your oral health. Here are some of the main effects pregnancy can have on your teeth, gums, and mouth.
Many things in your body change during a pregnancy, and these changes can affect your oral health. One change that occurs in pregnancy is the increase in hormones in your body. These hormone changes can cause bacteria to fester in your body, and this bacteria can lead to oral-health problems. The main one is gingivitis, which is considered a mild form of gum disease.
You will know if you have gingivitis if your gums hurt, swell, or bleed easily. You can prevent this from occurring by taking extra-good care of your teeth and mouth during your entire pregnancy. You should continue to visit the dentist during your nine months of pregnancy for cleanings and exams, and you should brush and floss your teeth often.
Some women experience morning sickness for a few weeks or months during their pregnancy, and there are even some that have this for the entire pregnancy. Morning sickness can leave you feeling nauseated, and it can even cause you to vomit. If you vomit during your pregnancy, you will be exposing your teeth to a lot of acid from your stomach. This acid can eat away at your teeth, and this can leave you with more cavities.
To prevent this, you should take good care of your teeth. If you vomit during your pregnancy, make sure you rinse your mouth out afterward and brush your teeth to eliminate the acids that came into your mouth from vomiting.
The other risk to know about is dry mouth. This does not always occur during pregnancy, but it does affect many women. Dry mouth can be very uncomfortable and hard to treat, and it can also put you at a higher risk for developing cavities. Your saliva cleans your teeth. Without enough of it, bacteria may remain on your teeth too long, and this could lead to dental cavities.
If you are about to get pregnant, or if you are already pregnant, make sure you visit a dentist to learn more about reducing the negative effects pregnancy can have on your oral health.
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0.968025 |
InfoQ took the chance to speak with Google senior research scientist Jarrod McClean to better understand the importance of these results and help frame them in a larger context.
InfoQ: Could you elaborate on the importance of the results presented in the two recent papers from the Google AI Quantum team?
Jarrod McClean: The post focuses on two fairly distinct results on quantum neural networks. The first shows a general method by which one may use quantum neural networks to attack traditional classification tasks. We feel this may be important as a framework to explore the power of quantum devices applied to traditional machine learning tasks and problems. In cases where we are only able to conjecture the advantages of quantum computing, it will be important to evaluate the performance empirically and this provides one such framework.
The second result is about the existence of a fundamental and interesting phenomenon in the training of quantum neural networks. It reflects the fact that sufficient randomization in a quantum circuit can act almost like a black hole, making it very difficult to get information back out. However, these traps can be avoided with clever strategies, and the importance of this work was showing when to expect these traps and how to detect them. We believe this knowledge will prove critical in designing effective training strategies for quantum computers.
InfoQ: Can you provide some insights about the directions the Google AI Quantum team is currently heading to with their research? What are your next goals?
McClean: A primary goal of the group is to demonstrate a beyond-classical task on our quantum chip, also known as "quantum supremacy". In parallel, we are interested in the development of near-term applications to run on so-called noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) quantum devices. Development of such algorithms and applications remains a key goal for us, and our three primary application areas of interest are quantum simulation of physical systems, combinatorial optimization, and quantum machine learning.
InfiQ: What is the promise behind machine quantum learning?
McClean: Quantum machine learning has traditionally touted at least two potential advantages. The first is in accelerating or improving the training of existing classical networks. This angle we did not explore in our recent work.
The second is the idea that quantum networks can more concisely represent interesting probability distributions than their classical counterparts. Such an idea is based on the knowledge that there are quantum probability distributions we know to be difficult to sample from classically.
If this distinction between distributions turned out to be true even for classical data, it could mean more accurate machine learning classifiers for less cost or potentially better generalization errors upon training. However I want to be clear that the benefits in this area at the moment are largely conjectured in the case of classical data, and as in the case of classical machine learning, the proof may have to first be empirical. For that reason, in these two works we attempted to enhance the capabilities for testing this idea in practice, in the hope that quantum devices in the near future will allow us to explore this possibility.
Quantum supremacy is the conjecture that quantum computers have the ability to solve problems that classical computers cannot. This is one of the hottest area of research in quantum computing that involve practically all major companies, including Google, IBM, Microsoft, and others. In the case of Google, the company aims to demonstrate quantum supremacy by building a 50-qubit quantum processor and using the simulation of coin tosses as battleground for the proof.
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0.948318 |
The All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC) (Irish: Craobhchomórtas Sinsear na hÉireann sa Pheil), the premier competition in gaelic football, is an annual series of games played in Ireland and organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA). The All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final is played by the "35th Sunday of the year" at Croke Park in Dublin, with the winning team receiving the Sam Maguire Cup.
Contested by the top inter-county football teams in Ireland, the tournament has taken place every year since 1887, except in 1888, when the competition was not played due to a tour of the United States by would-be competitors.
The first Championship to be held featured club teams who represented their respective counties after their county championship. The 21 a-side final was between Commercials of Limerick and Young Irelands of Louth. The final was played in Beech Hill, Clonskeagh (not Bird Avenue) on 29 April 1888 with Commercials winning by 1–4 to 0–3. Unlike later All-Ireland competitions, there were no provincial championships, and the result was an open draw.
The second Championship was unfinished owing to the American Invasion Tour. The 1888 provincial championships had been completed (Tipperary, Kilkenny and Monaghan winning them; no Connacht teams entered) but after the Invasion tour returned, the All-Ireland semi-final and final were not played. English team London reached the final four times in the early years of the competition (1900–1903).
In 1892, inter-county teams were introduced to the All-Ireland Championship. Congress granted permission for the winning club to use players from other clubs in the county, thus the inter-county teams came into being. The rules of hurling and football were also altered: goals were made equal to five points, and teams were reduced from 21 to 17 a-side.
The 1903 Championship brought Kerry's first All-Ireland title. They went on to become the most successful football team in the history of the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship.
The first half of the twentieth century brought the rise of several teams who won two or more All-Ireland titles in that period, such as Kildare, Mayo, Cavan, Wexford and Roscommon. In the 1990s, a significant sea change took place, as the All-Ireland was claimed by an Ulster team in four consecutive years (1991–1994). Since then Ulster has produced more All-Ireland winning teams than any other province.
The All-Ireland Qualifiers were introduced in 2001. Later that year, the 2001 final brought victory for Galway who became the first football team to win an All-Ireland by springing through "the back door." In 2013, Hawk-Eye was introduced for Championship matches at Croke Park. It was first used to confirm that Offaly substitute Peter Cunningham's attempted point had gone wide 10 minutes into the second half of a game against Kildare. 2013 also brought the first Friday night game in the history of the Championship - a first round qualifier between Carlow and Laois.
2018 saw the introduction of the All Ireland Super 8s.
The county is a geographical region in Ireland, and each of the thirty-two counties in Ireland organise their own gaelic games affairs through a County Board. The county teams play in their respective Provincial Championships (reflective of the four Irish provinces) in Connacht (which also includes teams from London and New York), Leinster, Munster, and Ulster. Kilkenny is currently unique among the 32 Irish county associations in not participating in the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship. The Provincial Championships operate through a knock-out cup competition format. They take place during the months of May and June. The winners of each of the four Provincial Championships earn a place in the All-Ireland Super 8s, a round robin group stage new to the 2018 Championship, which takes place in the months of July and August.
Each provincial championship match is played as a single leg. If a match is drawn extra time is played. However, if both sides are still level at the end of extra time a replay takes place. In the case of a provincial final if matches end level a replay takes place without extra time.
Round 1: All teams that fail to reach the semi-finals of their respective Provincial Championships (16 in total) compete in round one. An open draw system is used to divide the teams into eight individual match-ups. The winning eight teams progress to Round 2, while the losing eight teams are eliminated from the All Ireland Championship.
Round 2: Each of the eight winning teams of Round 1 are drawn against the eight losing teams from the semi-finals of the four Provincial Championships. The winning eight teams progress to Round 3, while the losing eight teams are eliminated from the All Ireland Championship.
Round 3: The eight winning teams from Round 2 are divided into four individual match-ups. An open draw is made to determine the four pairings. The winning four teams progress to Round 4, while the losing four teams are eliminated from the All Ireland Championship.
Round 4: Each of the four winning teams of Round 3 are drawn against the four losing teams from the finals of the four Provincial Championships. The winning four teams proceed to the All-Ireland Series, joining the four Provincial Champions, while the losing four teams are eliminated from the All Ireland Championship.
All-Ireland Super 8s: The four Provincial Champions and the winning four teams from Round 4 of the All-Ireland Qualifiers take part in a group stage that takes place in the months of July and August. The group stage is organised on a league basis with two groups of four teams, with each team playing the other three teams once. Each group consists of two Provincial Champions and two Round 4 Qualifier Winners. Each team plays one game in Croke Park, one home game and one away game. (In the case of Dublin, Croke Park is treated as the home stadium so they would play two games in Croke Park). The top two teams in both groups qualify for the All Ireland Semi Finals.
All-Ireland Semi Finals: The winner of group one plays the runner-up of group two and the winner of group two plays the runner-up of group one in two All-Ireland Semi Finals played over the course of one weekend.
All-Ireland Final: The two remaining teams meet in the All-Ireland Final, to take place in August. The winning team is crowned All-Ireland Champions and presented with the Sam Maguire Cup.
Significant changes to the format of the Championship were made at GAA's Annual Congress in February 2017. The most significant change is the creation of The All-Ireland Quarter-Final Group Stage (known as the Super 8s), which replaced the previous Quarter-Final stage of the Championship. Additionally the All-Ireland Final was moved to August and replays will only be held for drawn provincial finals and drawn All-Ireland Finals, with extra time to be played in all other Championship matches. The changes will be trialled for three years before being reviewed by the GAA in late 2020.
From 2001-17, the Championship was played using the Quarter-finals format. Under this format Provincial matches would take place during the months of May, June and July. The winners of each of the four Provincial Championships would earn a place in the All-Ireland Quarter-Finals, which would take place in the month of August. Replays would be played for all drawn matches, not just drawn Provincial Finals and drawn All-Ireland Finals. Extra-time would only be used for Replays and Qualifier Matches. If the teams were still level after extra time, the qualifier match would go to a replay or in the case of replays, another replay would take place.
The qualifiers series would take place in the months of June and July with the winning four teams of Round 4 playing the four Provincial Champions in the All-Ireland Quarter Finals.
All-Ireland Quarter Finals: The four Provincial Champions would be drawn against the winning four teams from Round 4 of the All-Ireland Qualifiers. If a match finished with both teams level, a replay would take place. The four winning teams qualify for the All-Ireland Semi-Finals.
All-Ireland Semi Finals: The All-Ireland Semi Finals would take place in August and be contested by the four winners of the All-Ireland Quarter Finals. If a match ended with both teams level, a replay would take place. The two winning teams qualify for the All-Ireland Final.
All-Ireland Final: The two remaining teams would meet in the All-Ireland Final, usually on the third Sunday in September. The winning team is crowned All-Ireland Champions.
Typically, over the four Sundays of September, All-Ireland Finals in men's football, ladies' football, hurling and camogie take place at Croke Park, the national stadium of the GAA. Two grades are played on each final day, the senior team and the minor team (consisting of younger players, under the age of 18, who have participated in that year's All-Ireland Minor Football Championship). Guests who attend these events include the President of Ireland, the Taoiseach and other important dignitaries. The football final is considered the pinnacle event of this period.
The final game of the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship takes place on the third Sunday of September. The men's decider regularly attracts crowds of over 80,000. The winning team captain receives the Sam Maguire Cup. The current champions are Dublin.
Location of the top 10 GAA stadiums by capacity in Ireland.
Although Wexford were the first county to win four consecutive All-Ireland Senior Football Finals (1915–18), historically Kerry have been the most successful football team in the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship. As of 2015, Kerry have won the competition on 37 occasions, winning in four consecutive years twice (1929–1932 and 1978–1981) and for three consecutive years twice as well (1939–1941 and 1984–1986). Dublin have joined the four in a row club winning the competition consecutively since 2014. No team has yet conquered the five in a row. Galway were the first team from the western province of Connacht to win an All-Ireland title, doing so in 1925. The 1933 final brought victory for Cavan, who became the first team from the northern province of Ulster to win an All-Ireland title.
Two teams have won the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship as part of a double with that year's All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, namely Cork (1890 and 1990) and Tipperary (1895 and 1900). The championship has never been won by a team from outside Ireland, though London have played in five finals.
Dublin are the reigning champions, having defeated Tyrone in the 2018 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final.
^ "The Newest All Ireland Minor Football Final Information". dailyhottrends.
^ "GAA Roll of Honour". Archived from the original on 11 August 2013.
^ Moran, Seán (26 May 2013). "Donegal hoping to avoid being fifth All-Ireland champions in 20 years to fall at first hurdle in Ulster: Uneasy lies the head that wears the northern crown". The Irish Times. Irish Times Trust. Retrieved 26 May 2013.
^ "GAA hopes Hawk-Eye will eliminate contentious points". RTÉ Sport. 15 May 2013. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
^ "Hawkeye makes successful debut". Hogan Stand. 2 June 2013. Retrieved 2 June 2013.
^ "Qualifiers include first ever Friday night game". RTÉ Sport. 17 June 2013. Retrieved 17 June 2013. Carlow will play Laois on 28 June in Dr Cullen Park, the first time a Championship game will take place on a Friday night.
^ "'Super 8' system to replace Senior Football Championship quarter-finals after GAA vote". RTÉ Sport. 25 February 2017.
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0.996221 |
Is it possible to have a spherical object with only hexagonal faces?
If so, what would be the most efficient algorithm for generating spheres with different number of hexagonal faces at whatever interval required to make them fit uniformly or how might you calculate how many hexagonal faces are required for each subdivision?
No, not even if we permit non-regular hexagonal faces. (We do, however, preclude hexagons that are not strictly convex—where interior angles can be $180$ degrees or more—since those permit degenerate tilings of the sort Davd K mentions in the comments.) The reason is more graph-theoretical than geometrical.
But if $F+V-E \leq 0$, then it is impossible that $F+V-E = 2$, so no solid can be composed solely of hexagonal faces, even if we permit non-regular hexagons.
If we now restrict ourselves to regular faces, we can show an interesting fact: Any solid with faces made up of nothing other than regular hexagons and pentagons must have exactly $12$ pentagons on it (the limiting case being the hexagon-free dodecahedron).
or just $F_5 = 12$.
I've heard tell that any number of hexagonal faces $F_6$ is permitted except $F_6 = 1$, but I haven't confirmed that for myself. The basic line of reasoning for excluding $F_6 = 1$ may be as follows: Suppose a thirteen-sided polyhedron with one hexagonal face and twelve pentagonal faces exists. Consider the hexagonal face. It must be surrounded by six pentagonal faces; call these $A$ through $F$. Those pentagonal faces describe, at their "outer" edge, a perimeter with twelve edges and twelve vertices, which must be shared by a further layer of six pentagonal faces; call these $G$ through $L$.
There cannot be fewer than this, because the twelve edges are arranged in a cycle of six successive pairs, each pair belonging to one of $A$ through $F$. No two faces can share more than one edge, so the twelve edges must be shared amongst six faces $G$ through $L$, but "out of phase" with $A$ through $F$.
However, these pentagonal faces $G$ through $L$ cannot terminate in a single vertex—they would have to be squares to do that. Hence, they must terminate in a second hexagon. Thus, a polyhedron of the type envisioned cannot exist.
Likely the above approach could be made more rigorous, or perhaps there is a more clever demonstration.
If a compromise is acceptable, the $2p, 4p, 8p, ... $ subdivisions of each side of an icosahedron in Buckminster Fuller domes leave behind 12 pentagons at each of its 12 vertices.
Else, possible by means of a stereographic projection of a flat regular hexagonal net (a node of which touches south pole and other nodes/junctions connect to north pole), the curvilinear hexagon boundary cells shrink to zero towards north pole according to standard stereographic scaling. They can be seen on POV Ray image provided by user PM 2Ring below. A part of spiral has been traced connecting opposite vertices of some hexagons.
It is a collection of log spirals centered at south pole that isogonally ( i.e., conformally) project to rhumb-lines (loxodromes constant inclination to meridians at $\pm \pi/6$) with corresponding latitude circles drawn. I could make an image later if you wish to see. Since these loxodromes are not overtly seen on the above image, some segments are indicated across some hexagon diameters.
You can do it if you allow your sphere to have a hole through it, i.e. be a torus. See image here. Then the Euler characteristic, as described in Brian Tung's excellent answer is 0, not 2.
You might also be able to do it for non-convex polygons; convexity is a requirement of the Euler characteristic. See, e.g., the octahemioctahedron. I couldn't find one with just hexagons though.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged geometry graph-theory polyhedra or ask your own question.
Is it possible to imitate a sphere with 1000 congruent polygons?
How do Equally Sized Spheres Fit into Space?
What is the most efficient shape for tiling curved spaces?
What 'uniform' shapes can be used to build an approximated spherical object?
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0.990413 |
image and keeps it from bailing out when it cannot find any.
+ [[ $kernver != none ]] && install -dm755 "$buildroot/usr/lib/modules/$kernver/kernel"
warning "No modules were added to the image. This is probably not what you want."
- path to a kernel image or a specific kernel version.
+ 'none'. In the latter case, no kernel modules are added to the image.
-[[ -d $_d_kmoduledir ]] || die "'$_d_kmoduledir' is not a valid kernel module directory"
+[[ $KERNELVERSION == none || -d $_d_kmoduledir ]] || die "'$_d_kmoduledir' is not a valid kernel module directory"
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0.945017 |
Whether you are hankering for something fruity, have a craving for something sweet – or just need to increase your fresh fruit & vegetable intake – smoothies should be your go-to beverage. A smoothie can be enjoyed as a filling snack, a convenient breakfast option or as a nutritious beverage to boost your nutrient intake throughout the day.
What kinds of delicious and nutrient-rich smoothies can you prepare at home?
Weight Loss Smoothies – Consuming liquid meals, is a sure way to detox and cleanse one’s digestive system. These low-calorie smoothies are the perfect option to include as part of a balanced daily diet. Opt for low-calorie fruits, such as melon, berries, and papaya, and limit sugary fruits, such as mangos and bananas. Add detoxifying green, leafy vegetables such as spinach, celery, and kale to your smoothie recipe- to feel lighter and refreshed!
Ingredient-Themed Smoothies – Based on your personal taste preference, ingredient-themed smoothies can be delicious and fun to create at home. Be adventurous with earthy flavors like beetroot & wheatgrass, or create healthy and sweet flavored treats using bananas, and organic peanut butter. Choose from a wide variety of blending liquids, including coconut milk, soy, or almond, and you can create endless varieties.
Health Boosting Smoothies – Health-boosting smoothie recipes should contain power-food ingredients rich in anti-oxidants, like Acai Berries, as well as fruit and vegetables rich in iron and magnesium, like spinach and kale etc. Science shows that many nutrients are easier for the body to absorb once juiced/liquidized- so get sipping on a smoothie.
Smoothies are considered a tasty, fun and convenient way to increase your intake of valuable nutrients from fruits and vegetables. The variations are endless, and flavor combinations and recipes are readily available online, and on social media platforms. Get healthy and creative- try making your favorite smoothie recipe today, and say yes to a healthier and happier you!
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0.951004 |
Test automation is the use of software to control the execution of tests, the comparison of actual outcomes to predicted outcomes, the setting up of test preconditions, and other test control and test reporting functions. Commonly, test automation involves automating a manual process already in place that uses a formalized testing process. < ==这里说，测试自动化是对已经比较规范的的手工流程进行自动化的过程，言外之意就是如果你连手工的流程都还不规范，还是别自动化了。 Over the past few years, tools with graphical user interfaces (GUI) that help programmers quickly create applications have dramatically improved programmer productivity. This has increased the pressure on testers, who are often perceived as bottlenecks to the delivery of software products. Testers are being asked to test more and more code in less and less time. <==看来自动化测试工具也不全是好事，测试人员的压力越来越大了。Test automation is one way to do this, as manual testing is time consuming. As different versions of software are released, the new features will have to be tested manually time and again. But, now there are tools available that help the testers in the automation of the GUI which reduce the test time as well as the cost; other test automation tools support execution of performance tests. Many test automation tools provide record and playback features that allow users to record interactively user actions and replay it back any number of times, comparing actual results to those expected. However, reliance on these features poses major reliability and maintainability problems. Most successful automators use a software engineering approach, and as such most serious test automation is undertaken by people with development experience. <==大多数成功的测试自动化案例都是把它作为一个软件工程来实施，并且大多数情况下测试自动化都是具有开发经验的人来担任的。 A growing trend in software development is to use testing frameworks such as the xUnit frameworks (for example, JUnit and NUnit) which allow the code to conduct unit tests to determine whether various sections of the code are acting as expected under various circumstances. <==看来测试自动化框架的确很流行。Test cases describe tests that need to be run on the program to verify that the program runs as expected. All three aspects of testing can be automated.
Another important aspect of test automation is the idea of partial test automation, or automating parts but not all of the software testing process. <==很多人还不切实际的认为百分之百的自动化全部的用例吗？If, for example, an oracle cannot reasonably be created, or if fully automated tests would be too difficult to maintain, then a software tools engineer can instead create testing tools to help human testers perform their jobs more efficiently. Testing tools can help automate tasks such as product installation, test data creation, GUI interaction, problem detection (consider parsing or polling agents equipped with oracles), defect logging, etc., without necessarily automating tests in an end-to-end fashion. Test automation is expensive and it is an addition, not a replacement, to manual testing.<==自动化不是要取代手工测试，而是对手工测试一个不合或缺的补充，这点在我以前的文章也多次提到。 It can be made cost-effective in the longer term though, especially in regression testing. One way to generate test cases automatically is model-based testing where a model of the system is used for test case generation, but research continues into a variety of methodologies for doing so. Manual Testing Manual testing is the oldest and most rigorous type of software testing. Manual testing requires a tester to perform manual test operations on the test software without the help of Test automation. Manual testing is a laborious activity that requires the tester to possess a certain set of qualities; to be patient, observant, speculative, creative, innovative, open-minded, resourceful, unopinionated, and skillful. As a tester, it is always advisable to use manual white box testing and black-box testing techniques on the test software. Manual testing helps discover and record any software bugs or discrepancies related to the functionality of the product. Manual testing can be replaced by test automation. It is possible to record and playback manual steps and write automated test script(s) using Test automation tools. Although, test automation tools will only help execute test scripts written primarily for executing a particular specification and functionality. Test automation tools lack the ability of decision-making and recording any unscripted discrepancies during program execution. It is recommended that one should perform manual testing of the entire product at least a couple of times before actually deciding to automate the more mundane activities of the product. Despite the proliferation of automated solutions, manual testing still accounts for at least 80% of all testing. Automation can only be justified where repeatable consistent tests can be run over a stable environment. When this isn't the case (i.e. during the early stages of the test cycle), testing teams almost always revert back to manual testing. So manual testing is here to stay! Here are some reasons why: * Business critical / Heavily tested software: With constantly changing applications, automation can simply be too daunting. * New to testing: Those that are new to testing may not want to dive right in to complex automation tools. Using a tool such as TestDrive-Assist can provide an easy and cost effective way to gain real advantages in a short space of time and use it as a springboard to full automation. * Script based automation tools not living up to their hype: Many people still find that despite investing in script based automation solutions this only covers 10-20% of their total testing. The rest is still carried out manually. * Full automation is simply not appropriate: You may be testing new functionality, new platforms/OS, or there maybe insufficient time and/or skills to develop test scripts. * Agile Development: With Agile development techniques, there is no place for traditional automation tools because they take too long to set up and need to be re-scripted after the first change to the application. Manual testing helps discover defects related to the usability testing and GUI testing area. While performing manual tests the software application can be validated whether it meets the various standards defined for effective and efficient usage and accessibility. For example, the standard location of the OK button on a screen is on the left and of CANCEL button on the right. During manual testing you might discover that on some screen, it is not. This is a new defect related to the usability of the screen. In addition, there could be many cases where the GUI is not displayed correctly and the basic functionality of the program is correct. Such bugs are not detectable using test automation tools. Repetitive manual testing can be difficult to perform on large software applications or applications having very large dataset coverage. This drawback is compensated for by using manual black-box testing techniques including equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis. Using which, the vast dataset specifications can be divided and converted into a more manageable and achievable set of test suites. A manual tester would typically perform the following steps for manual testing: 1. Understand the functionality of program 2. Prepare a test environment 3. Execute test case(s) manually 4. Verify the actual result 5. Record the result as Pass or Fail 6. Make a summary report of the Pass and Fail test cases 7. Publish the report 8. Record any new defects uncovered during the test case execution There is no complete substitute for manual testing. Manual testing is crucial for testing software applications more thoroughly. Test automation has become a necessity mainly due to shorter deadlines for performing test activities, such as regression testing, performance testing, and load testing.
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0.878533 |
Counterdependents include 'rage-oholics', sociopaths, most addicts, and all narcissists. Some native codependents can function as counterdependents through being addicted. The 'sick role' of having many medical issues can also be a form of counterdependence. Counterdependents appear superficially secure but 'secretly' feel insecure and fearful. Instead of real assertiveness there is a blind demandingness and entitlement.. Codependents, on the other hand, are openly insecure but secretly feel masterful. Both types are emotionally dependent in that they do not take responsibility for situations and results, rather they place that on the partner, or third persons. Counterdependents disguise traits of emotional dependence with bluster or verbal attacks Addictive relationships are a type of fused relationship, but not all fused relationships are of the addictive kind.
Each of the four main polarities are broken down in greater detail below.
Apart from rare episodes of collapse, counterdependents are grandiose. They need a partner that will allow them to maintain their illusion of strength and power. Conversely codependents feel inadequate and "not enough". They seek strong partners who can make them feel complete and effective.
However, both grandiosity and undisguised insecurity are based on emotional dependence. There is a underlying belief that one cannot cope with life naturally. The counterdependent strategy focuses on and exaggerates strengths while denying and blocking discussion of weaknesses. The codependent strategy focuses on and exaggerates weaknesses while blocking awareness of strengths. There is a tacit agreement: the codependent will not challenge the power of the counterdependent, if the counterdependent will not challenge the codependent's excuses of being ineffectual.
The codependent reenacts and maintains deprivation by serving the entitlement of the counterdependent. The codependent may acknowledge the excessiveness of the demands (that is the point-- to be burdened or deprived) but he or she still complies and feels they have no other option. Codependents comply with the wishes of others even when they do not like what is asked or have doubts.
Counterdependents feel confident. This is a positive trait if yoked with realism and tested in the world. Taken to extremes, self-confidence leads to schemes involving control and manipulation that fall apart and leave consequences for other to clean up (without getting the credit.) Counterdependents are often very appealing because they will promise great things, tell others what they want to hear, think big, and engender enthusiasm in others. The counterdependent does not see this as insincere because getting what is wanted is seen as the ultimate truth.
Codependents love the grandiose traits of the counterdependent because they want to be supplied from the outside with the certainty that they lack. They look for an emotional leader to help light up their desire. In the beginning at least the codependent admires the counterdependent. Later they may become the counterdependents greatest critic but the thing that remains the same is that they let the counterdependent set the agenda, and they almost always comply in some way with the demands.
Counterdependents need constant reinforcement and reassurance and codependents supply this instinctively but may also learn to feed the counterdependents ego deliberately to manage his or her mood and keep peace.
Codependents' insecurity drives a compulsion to fix or take care of others. This makes them vulnerable to exploitation. But there is always an edge of controllingness to this help. Conspicuously, however, codependents are unable or unwilling to work hard for themselves. They believe that they really cannot be successful so the best they can hope is to make success available for someone else.
Codependents meet others needs without being asked, and this dovetails with counterdependents who are needy but do not like to admit having needs. Codependents consistently give more than they receive and believe this is noble. They do the thinking for others but do not take the credit. They frequently suffer the consequences of others actions.
Codependents set very low goals for themselves and fail to hone their non-caretaking abilities. They constantly put themselves down and have trouble taking compliments. They live in emotional deprivation. Being with someone that feels terrible about themselves makes counterdependents feel powerful by contrast. Codependents repeatedly come to the counterdependent for encouragement and advice, despite a history of receiving discouragement and direction that has led to trouble.
Codependents have fantasies of being the perfect helper or a stoic victim (as in sacrifice), which is an inverted type of grandiosity. Codependents will also show a certain grandiosity and stubbornness if confronted and asked to take responsibility for their traits--this is a shared aspect of emotional dependence.
Counterdependents seek partners who, whatever they hope for, do not insist on a emotional connection or real intimacy, because counterdependents are oriented to a sexual or practical exchange. It is possible for counterdependents not to be in an official relationship but just use all their tactics to draw out the codependent behavior of neighbors, co-workers, helping professionals, and even strangers.
Counterdependents appear extremely independent. They trust their own abilities and when something goes wrong they attempt to fix it themselves. However, if the fix isn't quick or easy, they will manipulate someone else, usually a codependent, into taking care of it, usually by blaming or sulking. Counterdependents identify with strengths and build not only their identity but their daily routines around them. That is why counterdependents live unbalanced lifestyles where many basic areas are neglected. They also devalue anything they are not good at. Counterdependents are constantly acting like they are proving themselves and are frequently competitive over trivial matters.
Counterdependents have high expectations of others and demand things without hesitation. They are often disappointed (because of unrealistic expectations) and they will use this real if manufactured disappointment as a justification for their entitlement.
Counterdependents seek praise and recognition from others. If they do not get the 'correct' response from their partner they will seek it from others. If they receive criticism they respond with rage, shame, and humiliation (which they attempt to hide). Codependents find it meaningful that they detect the weakness which the counterdependent attempts to hide.
Codependents have an exaggerated sense of the importance and abilities of others. They may trust others even when it is irrational to do so. In fact codependents are usually very competent in in practical matters. This is demonstrated by one, how smoothly they take care of themselves when the counterdependent is 'out of action' (in jail, in hospital, on a spree, pursuing a scheme) and by two, how they take care of unglamorous details on a daily basis for the counterdependent. Despite this codependents are known for professing incompetence. Codependents use the vehemence of the counterdependent to substitute for their will, which fits into the reluctance of an emotionally dependent person to take responsibility for decisions (but within this context, codependents make many smaller decisions on how to implement what is demanded from them).
Codependents seek approval. Because of this they are constantly coerced by the possibility or actuality of disapproval. They share with counterdependents the felt need to be perfect, but unlike the counterdependent they feel they will always be insignificant.
Codependents are in fact very good helpers--they do tasks no one else wants to. If criticized, they usually assume it is accurate. They will try harder at a task even if it is unsatisfying or impossible.
A counterdependent does not worry about the codependent leaving. If this happens, which is rare, the counterdependent usually quickly finds someone who will cater to his or her needs. The codependent constantly worries about the counter-dependent leaving. However neither party hardly ever actually leaves, threats aside.
Counterdependents demand attention. They depersonalize others and make them into objects. Counterdependents don't know what other people are thinking and feeling and typically don't care because they are pre-occupied with their own needs. To recognize the feelings of others would require recognizing their own feelings which is avoided strenuously. Counterdependents are skillful with dealing with things, they have trouble dealing with real people who have feelings and values. Counterdependents manipulate and bully others to achieve their own ends, styling this behavior as obtaining justice or "what is right."
Codependents have an excessive tolerance for inappropriate, annoying, or inconveniencing behavior. They are oversensitive to the needs of others and will do anything to make others comfortable. Codependents are preoccupied with the needs of other and this distracts them from personal problems or introspection. They tend to comply with demands automatically and are attracted to demanding people. When asked what they want or what they feel, codependents frequently reply with a narrative of the actions of their counterdependent.
Codependents are comfortable with self-centered people because they don't expect empathy, attention, or caring. They find it acceptable to be ignored and have their needs ignored. They hope for a reversal of this in the future (which never comes). Counterdependents are uncomfortable with any discussion about unmet needs or wants because they feel their presence and actions should already be ensuring the satisfaction of those around them. Codependents, on their part dislike putting forth their needs, so the combination usually ensures that the codependent's needs and wants never get discussed. Codependents can only relate by giving something, counterdependents can only relate by getting something. Of course both can conceptualize an exchange but neither can conceptualize mutual satisfaction, for different reasons.
Codependents are over-sensitive to the needs of others and will do anything to make others comfortable. Codependents sacrifice for others but have difficulty accumulating things for themselves, including simple comforts and common conveniences. Codependents will feel gratitude for scraps or small tokens. Codependent readily share but also confuse sharing with giving everything away. They protect themselves by giving others what they want.
Codependents lack boundaries. They allow others to invade their privacy and perhaps believe even their thoughts cannot be kept private. They are used to merging with others but always feel abandoned when the other breaks it off. Even when they set the boundary (because of an extreme situation) they feel abandoned. Codependents let others get real close real fast. Codependents are not well-defended, when others express displeasure the codependent tends to conform or comply or feel great guilt.
Codependents are passive when it comes to getting things in the world against resistance. They often attempt to get things by overwork and excessive contribution but this is not real aggression. Codependents hope that the aggressiveness of the counterdependent will serve them eventually, and they may act quite aggressively or even 'out of character' at the counterdependent's behest and urging, perhaps even doing the 'dirty work' or seducing others.
Counterdependents are always setting the agenda (sometimes called 'defining reality'), and codependents may argue or resist (ineffectively) but always within that agenda. Counterdependents frequently will speak for the codependent, who will not only allow it, but may even feel relief.
The only feelings counterdependents are interested in are excitement, passion, and intensity. All other feelings hurt and are avoided. Those people or events that trigger other feelings are attacked. Secretly codependents crave excitement and passion too, but cannot seek them directly and are hoping to be lead there by the counterdependent. This communicates to others that their job is 'turn on' the counterdependent. For both codependent and counterdependent, there is an inability to experience real pleasure, the sharing of which is the basis for true love. The relationship becomes a refuge from the world with increasing isolation from other people.
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Marker Text: The Old Governor’s Mansion served as Georgia’s Executive Mansion from 1839-1868. Designed by architect Charles Cluskey, the Mansion is built in the High Greek Revival Style. The Mansion served as the residence of eight governors, their families, and their slaves and free servants. The building was a symbol of Georgia’s economic prosperity as the “Empire State of the South” during the antebellum period. In the Civil War, during Major General William T Sherman’s March to the Sea, the Mansion was captured by U.S. forces and served as his headquarters on November 23, 1864. In 1889, the Old Governor’s Mansion became the founding building of what would later become Georgia College & State University. Designated a National Historic Landmark in 1973, the Old Governor’s Mansion was restored to its c.1851 appearance in 2004 for use as a museum.
Erected by The Georgia Historical Society, Georgia College & State University, and The Old Governor’s Mansion.
Tips for Finding This Marker: On South Clark Street (U.S. 441) 0 miles north of West Greene Street, on the right when traveling north in Milledgeville.
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If you can, try and face it, because that is the best answer and the best way to kill the fear completely and permanently. I hope the answer was useful. Please give it � how to get expected frequencies of a population You must face the fear or concern directly, or it will always have control over you and cause you anxiety. You may need to talk to a trained psychotherapist about your anxiety and fears, especially if you�ve been exposed to trauma of any kind.
Can anxiety kill you? Caus I feel like im dying inside.
Social anxiety prevents people from expressing their ideas and personality for fear of being judged or rejected. As a result, socially anxious and shy people often feel misunderstood. As a result, socially anxious and shy people often feel misunderstood.
Since fear is the most common reason why anxiety attacks occur and persist, refusing to scare yourself removes the main reason anxiety attacks occur. When you eliminate fear, you eliminate the most common cause of anxiety attacks.
Death told the man he was going to kill ten thousand people in a city, and he went on. Later the man met Death going the opposite way and pointed out that he had heard that seventy thousand had perished. "I only killed ten thousand people," Death responded. "Worry and Fear killed the others."
It�s a way to immediately cure anxiety, impostor syndrome, fear, stage fright, and other negative emotions brought on by some form of public performance. I�m not sure where I first learned this, but I didn�t come up with it.
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What are the key skills that, in an hypothetical situation where there were no schools as we know them today, I would deem essential for my son and daughters to learn in their youth?
By posing myself this question over and over, and by questioning traditional curriculums and the real, practical usefulness of them in helping a human being survive and realize the dreams and ideas he conceives of, I have arrived at thirty-five key skills that I have listed in this multi-part guide.
In this new and unique learning curriculum there is very little of what schools normally provide.
Made exception for some basic math (though learned and understood with a completely different approach) and for dwelling deeper into truly understanding how to "read" something or knowing more about one's own body and physiology, the thirty-five skills that I have explored in this guide share very little similarities, if any, with those that you can gain in the 13 years of basic traditional school education.
My key selection criteria in considering, evaluating and finally choosing anyone of the skills that I have here listed, has been a rather simple question: does the mastering of this skill significantly affect my probability to live a meaningful, constructive and rewarding life experience independently of the time, part of the world, social class, and group that one could be living in?
And when my answer has been positive I have included that skill.
"To make a thorough examination of; look over carefully in order to find something."
"To find something by looking or otherwise seeking carefully and thoroughly."
"The ability to look for, inspect, look, check and to question in order to find something."
"To be able to know where and how to look for things or information."
If you search online for "the value" or importance of knowing how to search and look for information or real things, you will have a very hard time finding anything useful or that even talks about this topic. Most of the information available online today relates to search engines and specifically to how to utilize them as marketing and advertising channels.
If you search for "how to search" you will not find much relevant information also, outside of tutorials on how to use Google and other major search engines.
In the first ten pages of Google search results I have not been able to find any up-to-date, reliable and informed content explaining in a comprehensive fashion how to search for anything, whether online or off.
critical solutions to many human problems and needs.
It would seem as if historically search skills and abilities have been cultivated only by a restricted elite of investigators, writers, collectors, scientists and philosophers who have taken on personally their quest for finding answers to key questions and mysteries.
To develop good searching skills one must first develop an efficient questioning mind. That is to become very good at searching anything one must become very good at asking very good and relevant questions.
The better one is able to develop critical thinking and questioning skills that allow him to restrict and define what to search for and where, the more effective one becomes at searching and finding things.
Learning to play mind-games that involve thinking of and the use of questions to uncover a secret something can be particularly useful in this direction, as any other game that promotes the use of critical skills and questions.
prove to be a very useful activity.
For these reasons learning how to do content curation can prove to be a very effective approach to learn just about any subject and to rapidly refine one's own searching skills.
"To find the way to get to a place when you are traveling."
"To direct (oneself, one's way, etc) carefully or safely."
"To plan, record, and control the course and position of."
"To plan your course or to steer, guide or move through something."
"The faculty of knowing where you are in relationship to where you are headed. ...the activity of making your way towards a destination."
to reach a specific destination."
"When you draw out a route to take on a map, this is an example of a time when you navigate.
When you steer and guide a ship to its destination, this is an example of a time when you navigate. When you move through a crowd carefully, this is an example of a time when you navigate the crowd."
Information is everywhere, but having access to it does not mean knowing how to find, evaluate and use that information effectively.
Navigating physical or information spaces is a required activity to move from anyone place to a new one. The difference between moving and navigating, consists in the fact that navigation is a more complex skill than moving, as it requires the ability to first understand where one is positioned, and then to identify and plot the best route and means to reach a new destination.
Moving is simply about the displacement of a person or object from a place to another one, assuming both are in clear view of each other and there are no obstacles or resistance between them.
To navigate is a very valuable skill both for anyone working inside information spaces like the Web as well as for anyone who needs to drive, sail, fly or move transportation vehicles of any kind from one place to another in absence of clear route indications as well as under unpredictable, confusing and emergency conditions.
"Navigating includes constantly determining present position and location while being alert to distance traveled as well as that yet to be traveled.
To navigate refers to following a planned course through an environment while being alert and coping with obstructions."
To effectively navigate any space or distance it is of the essence to develop the ability to easily assess present position as well as final destination. The better one can assess and define these two elements, the easier it becomes to move between them.
The more fuzzy, out of focus or not clearly defined any of these two references the harder, more time consuming and difficult (uncertain) it becomes to navigate between them.
"The study of quantity, especially as the result of operations that combine numbers."
"The science of using numbers to calculate."
Knowing how to use numbers to calculate the probabilities of something as the cost of an investment you have to make, or to establish how much time is left before you arrive at a location, are just a fraction of the hundreds of situations one encounters daily in which having the ability to do basic calculations with numbers can prove to be very useful.
The best and most effective way to learn how to calculate with numbers is to play with numbers.
The more you get accustomed and familiar with ways to calculate how to win, how to score or keep tabs on other players, the better skilled you can get at using numbers effectively.
There are literally hundreds of physical, mental and digital games designed specifically to help people become familiar with numbers and arithmetic, as well as many simple techniques that can simplify a great deal the memorization of relevant patterns and formulas needed to rapidly calculate even without pen and paper.
Traditional social games like many of those based on cards can provide some fun way to practice and use basic calculation techniques easily and in ways that provide an immediate reward.
Another important consideration to be made when trying to learn math outside of a traditional academic environment is the need to understand both the "how" of calculation as well as the "why" it works.
Without full understanding of both "how" and "why" it is much more difficult to retain and store in long-term memory any new learning.
e-Learning for Kinds - Math - Available in 5 different languages this is one of the best and most comprehensive resources where to find excellent games to learn to play with numbers.
Math Playground - Play with math and give your brain a workout. Dive into the fun side of math with thinking games, number puzzles, and more.
Motion Math Games - Fun learning games that let kids play with numbers. Grounded in educational research, Motion Math's games fuse fun and learning.
TopMarks Math Learning Games - A curated resource to help you find the best and most reliable educational resources online.
"To be at peace or ease; be tranquil"
"To be, become, or remain temporarily still, quiet, or inactive"
"To refresh oneself, as by sleeping, lying down, or relaxing"
"People actually accomplish more when they take time for short rests"
Sleep and good rest are very important for the well being of a person because they help your brain and nervous system prepare for the next day challenges, as well as creating new pathways and neural connections which help you learn from information and experiences you have gathered from the outside world.
Research shows that people who get good rest can learn better and faster than those who don't.
On the other hand, people who rest little, do not sleep enough or have sleep deficiencies of some kind may have more problems taking decisions, solving problems, being able to control their emotions and coping with changes around them.
Not only. Lack of good rest can also negatively influence your social relationships, as people who lack sufficient rest are often angry and impulsive, can be subject to fast mood swings, may easily feel sad or depressed or demotivated.
Another key symptom of lack of sufficient rest is the limited ability to focus, concentrate and specifically to pay sustained undivided attention to something.
Last but not least, lack of good rest can result in specific physical consequences such as increased risks for your heart and blood vessels as well a much increased risk of getting obese.
"Contrary to common myth, the need for sleep doesn't decline with age but the ability to sleep for six to eight hours at one time may be reduced."
"Groups that are at particular risk for sleep deprivation include night shift workers, physicians (average sleep = 6.5 hours a day; residents = 5 hours a day), truck drivers, parents and teenagers."
To rest effectively it is not just about deciding to rest, as our bodies and mind are not generally trained and skilled to go into rest-mode at command.
The less stressed you are the easier and faster you can get to rest and to recover new energies.
The more you exercise and use your body in non-harmful physical activities, the easier it is to put it into rest mode.
Sleeping early rather than more, has often tangible benefits.
Do not eat a large meal before going to rest.
If your body is busy digesting something your rest may not be as good.
Stay clear of resting places where your rest can be easily and repeatedly interrupted.
Rest does not long periods of time, but it does need to have a quiet environment to do work effectively.
Give appropriate consideration to the place, position, and materials on which you intend to rest as they all have an influence on the quality of your rest.
Avoid sleeping next to a person that is not quite and relaxed during rest. His/her restlessness will affect your rest as well.
Training body and mind to stay up during night time for extended periods of time deprives body-mind from appropriate rest and recharging no matter how much time you sleep during the day.
Alcohol and coffee drinking in afternoon or evening.
Stimulants do just that: stimulate your brain and nervous system to stay awake, ready and alert. When you want to rest deeply, you really don't need those substances in your bloodstream.
Avoid intense exercise or mental activities before sleeping.
Body and mind want to do things. So when you solicit them intensely into high-energy activities you will then need to provide extra time for them to return to a relaxed and restful state.
Develop a regular bed time and go to bed at the same time each night.
Discipline and consistency helps your body maintain and autoregulate its needs and requirements for recharging more easily.
"The act of making someone healthy again after an illness."
"To restore to health, to bring about recovery."
"To be able to cure oneself from illnesses and diseases without needing to go to a doctor and without having to take pharmaceutical products"
Before the 20th century most human beings had lots of personal knowledge about how to keep themselves healthy and about how to cure themselves in natural ways (as pharmaceutical solutions were not available at the time). Nonetheless humans had a much shorter life span, they were able to keep at bay, cure and protect themselves from most of the non-lethal illnesses and diseases.
Given the uncertainty of the future and of healthcare services in years to come, and considering the many risks associated with a blinded dependence on a for-profit institution, the pharma industry, which is clearly more interested in revenues that in its patients health, it would be much better for those interested in having greater control of their life expectancy, to invest in getting to know more about how their bodies function and in re-acquiring traditional knowledge about health and natural remedies.
they only suppress the symptoms."
"Just like using a piece of chewing gum to blank out the oil warning light on your car dashboard. The symptom (the red light) goes away. But the problem sure as heck doesn't."
The best thing one can do to learn how to cure oneself and prevent diseases is to get to know more about how his / her body works.
The more you know about the human body, its specs, features and requirements, the better equipped you are in understanding and finding natural ways to prevent and resolve non-life critical illnesses.
To learn about your body and how it works there are literally hundreds of quality resources ranging from web sites, to videos, books and seminars where it is possible to dive and learn everything that you ever wanted to know.
You just need not wait for this information to arrive to you at some point in your life, because it won't. Too much money, organizations and people are at work everyday to make it more and more difficult for you to discover, access and learn about these alternative approaches and methods as they would positively dent their multi-billion dollar interest in health as a business industry.
This is why to learn to cure oneself without medicines and without doctors, a fast approach is to travel and to go to live for some period of time in a place where there are no doctors and no hospitals and to see and experience firsthand how humans in these situations can still live a very healthy life and how they cope and contrast typical health problems that all humans have.
Natural recovery is built-in. Make sure it can work.
Your body always knows and it has its own means how to recover from any illness, diseases or non-critical accident. You only need to help the body do its own recovery course by taking away anything that could slow it down or impair it.
Your body is weakened and loses a bit of its capacity to recover form anything, anytime you poison it. This is why you must be very careful in not poisoning yourself in any way in order to / or with the justification that, you are trying to restore health. If you do, you may resolve one thing yes, but the price you pay for having done so, is generally much bigger and more difficult to resolve than letting your body do its own work.
Originally written and curated by Robin Good and first published on MasterNewMedia on Tuesday June 3th 2014 as What We Really Need To Learn To Be Successful In Life - Part V.
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Is there a preferred method to set up full-disk encryption under OpenBSD, similar to dm-crypt under Linux?
I'm looking for full-disk encryption, as if someone were to steal my notebook they could potentially access the data stored on it. Another reason is that I'm not always next to my notebook, so someone could potentially compromise the integrity of my netbook. These are the two major issues which make me believe that full-disk encryption is important for me.
OpenBSD supports full-disk encryption only since OpenBSD 5.3. Earlier versions require a cleartext boot partition. I don't know when the installer was modified to support direct installation to an encrypted partition (with the bootloader still unencrypted of course, because something has to decrypt the next bit).
There's little use in encrypting the system partition anyway¹. So I suggest installing the system normally, then creating an encrypted filesystem image and putting your sensitive data (/home, parts of /var, perhaps a few files in /etc) there.
If you want to encrypt the system partition anyway (because you have some special use case, like some confidential software), and you didn't install an encrypted system originally, here's how you can do it.
Check that everything is working correctly by running these commands (mount /dev/svnd0c && mount /home).
Note that rc.local is executed late in the boot process, so you can't put files used by the standard services such as ssh or sendmail on the encrypted volume. If you want to do that, put these commands in /etc/rc instead, just after mount -a. Then move the parts of your filesystem you consider to be sensitive and move them to the /home volume.
You should encrypt your swap as well, but OpenBSD does that automatically nowadays.
The newer way to get an encrypted filesystem is through the software raid driver softraid. See the softraid and bioctl man pages or Lykle de Vries's OpenBSD encrypted NAS HOWTO for more information. Recent versions of OpenBSD support booting from a softraid volume and installing to a softraid volume by dropping to a shell during the installation to create the volume.
¹ As far as I can tell, OpenBSD's volume encryption is protected for confidentiality (with Blowfish), not for integrity. Protecting the OS's integrity is important, but there's no need for confidentiality. There are ways to protect the OS's integrity as well, but they are beyond the scope of this answer.
Softraid with the CRYPTO discipline was intended by the OBSD designers to support full-disk encryption. There was another method as well with SVND that is now deprecated.
http://geekyschmidt.com/2011/01/19/configuring-openbsd-softraid-fo-encryption is basically a graphical how-to of softraid full disc encryption. Of course never blindly follow guides and make sure all the bioctl settings are correct.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged security openbsd encryption or ask your own question.
Best way to do full disk encryption?
Linux boot loaders supporting full disk encryption?
LUKS encryption full disk, how many RAM?
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What are advantages of being alone? My work is about the choreography of reality. It's about the way everything moves and is interconnected to create beauty. It shows that each motion, whether it is made by human, animal, object, light or sound, is connected and extended by other motions to compose a phrase, a sentence of great artistic interest. Each small, choreographed scene can be appreciated for itself, but on subsequent viewings, takes on a separate meaning. They become metaphors for our lives, our dreams and ourselves.
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The Daihatsu Charmant was produced with the E30 through E70 series.
The Tercel was a front wheel drive spin-off of the rear wheel drive Corolla introduced in 1980, called the Corolla Tercel which later became its own model in 1984.
The Tercel chassis was used again for the Corolla II hatchback.
Main article: Toyota Corolla E10 The first Corolla generation was introduced in October 1966 with the new 1100 cc K pushrod engine. The Corolla Sprinter was introduced as the fastback version.
Main article: Toyota Corolla E20 In May 1970, the E20 was restyled with a more rounded body and the 1400 cc T and 1600 cc 2T OHV engines were added to the range. The now mutually exclusive Corolla and Sprinter names were used to differentiate between two slightly different treatments of sheet metal and trim. The Corolla Levin and Sprinter Trueno names were introduced as the twincam version of the Corolla and Sprinter respectively.
Main article: Toyota Corolla E30 April 1974 brought rounder, bigger and heavier Corollas and Sprinters. The range was rounded out with the addition of a 2 door liftback. The Corollas were given E30 codes while the Sprinters were given E40 codes. A facelift in March 1976 saw most Corolla E30 models replaced by equivalent E50 models and most Sprinter E40 models were replaced by equivalent E60 models.
Main article: Toyota Corolla E70 A major restyle in March 1979 brought a square edged design. The Corollas had a simpler treatment of the grill, head lights and tail lights while the Sprinter used a slightly more complex, sculptured treatment. The new 3A and 4A SOHC engines were added to the range as a running change. This was the last model to use the K "hicam" and T series of engines.
Main article: Toyota Corolla E80 A sloping front bonnet and a contemporary sharp-edged, no-frills style was brought in during May 1983. The new 1800cc 1C diesel engine was added to the range with the E80 Series. From 1985, re-badged E80 Corollas were sold in the U.S. as the fourth generation Chevrolet Nova. Most models now used the front wheel drive layout except the AE85 and AE86, which were to be the last Corolla's offered in the rear wheel drive or FR layout. The AE85 and AE86 chassis codes were also used for the Sprinter. This model was identical to the Corolla, differing only by minor body styling changes such as 'Pop-Up' front headlights.
Main article: Toyota Corolla E90 A somewhat more rounded and aerodynamic style was used for the E90 introduced in May 1987. Overall this generation has a more refined feel than older Corollas and other older subcompacts. Most models were now front wheel drive, along with a few 4WD All-Trac models. Many engines were used on a wide array of trim levels and models, ranging from the 1.3 liter 2E to the 165horsepower (123kW) supercharged 4A-GZE. The E90 Corolla was also rebadged and sold as the Geo Prizm (US) or Holden Nova (Australia).
Main article: Toyota Corolla E100 In June 1991 Corollas received a redesign to be larger, heavier, and have the completely rounded, aerodynamic shape of the 1990s. The Corolla was now in the compact class, rather than subcompact, and the coupe still available known as Corolla Levin AE101. Refinement reached new levels, as development chief Dr. Akihiko Saito strove to create a "mini-Lexus".
Main article: Toyota Corolla E110 May 1995 saw a minor redesign for the Corolla. External differences from the E100 series were minimal. Evolutionary technological improvements continued, however, and in 1998 non-Japanese Corollas received the new 1ZZ-FE engine. The new engine was the first in a Toyota to have an aluminum engine block and aluminum cylinder heads, which made this generation lighter than the E100 Corolla.
Main article: Toyota Corolla E120 In November 2000 the ninth generation Corolla was introduced in Japan, with edgier styling and more technology to bring the nameplate into the 21st century. It is also called the Corolla Altis in the ASEAN region. The station wagon model is called the Corolla Fielder in Japan.
Main article: Toyota Corolla E140 The tenth generation of the Corolla was introduced in October 2006. Japanese markets called it the Corolla Axio, with the ASEAN markets retaining the Altis branding. The station wagon retains the Corolla Fielder name.
In North America, the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety rates the 1998-2002 models as Acceptable in their 40mph (64km/h) Frontal Offset crash test. Initial 2005 models had an overall Good rating, but received a Marginal on left foot injury protection. A rebuild beginning December 2002, which continues through to the 2007 model, gives the Corolla a Good rating in all aspects of the test. Corolla models from model year 2005 to present with optional side curtain air bags received an Acceptable rating in the Side Impact crash test, largely due to a Marginal rating in Structure/Safety Cage design. Otherwise, injury protection ratings for Driver and Rear Passenger were all good except for Driver pelvis/leg injury protection, which was Acceptable.
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With over 35 million cannabis enthusiasts in the US, High There! makes it easier than ever to connect with people you share a mutual interest with. Meet new people that you already share something in common with -- keep it chill or get lit. Wherever you go, you can connect with like-minded individuals. Whether you’re here to expand your social network of canna-enthusiasts, meet new people that get your vibe, find locals in an area you’re visiting, or even meet experts that can make product recommendations for something specific you’re looking for, you’ve come to the right app.
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For those that don’t get out much, frequently find that they can only talk to like-minded individuals, or for those that just want to meet new friends, High There! is a community app that sates many different thirsts. When you socialize with people that share your same interests, and that are right at your fingertips, life is good!
Spark something new, with someone new. Download the High There! app today and make a connection with over 1 million like-minded cannabis lovers.
- Improved user interface and experience.
- On a scale of 1 to 10 Vibe Rater shows who you’d vibe-with the most.
- Invite friends to join you on the app via Facebook, WhatsApp, Twitter, Text, Email.
- Bug and performance fixes (Woohoo!).
I love the app and it’s a great way to find people, but 1. The login is no longer working for me or my boyfriend, and clearly several other people as well.
This app is awesome in theory. But I’ve had for about a week and it freezes, crashes and won’t always show the messages that I just got a notification for. Been trying to get in contact with someone and I cannot. Last night I got a notification of a message, went to open it this morning, app signed me out and won’t let me log back in. I realize it’s a free app but at this point it feels like a waste of space on my phone due to its reliability. If the kinks get worked out, my review would be five stars. Again, concept is awesome and amazing to connect with others when it works...but it is not consistent and I don’t want to invest time in it if it continues to fail. Hope things get worked out.
So this app has been around for a few years now and I can’t believe there’s still very basic bugs they haven’t been able to fix. Notifications not disappearing, peoples names still showing up on your list after you passed on them, if the person you’re chatting with starts to type while you both have the window open the whole app gets really laggy. Crunchbase says they’ve had over $700,000 in investments but the app still performs like it was coded by 1 guy in his college dorm. After the most recent update it no longer lets me login.
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0.921678 |
Design a 3-page free website. Author pays for domain and hosting.
We will do our best to list and sell Author’s book on Amazon, Ebay, Barnes and Noble, and Alibris based on their terms and conditions.
How much is this package worth to you in having your first novel published? You will not believe it!
Inquire by clicking on contact us and we will contact you within 24 hours.
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0.989371 |
I'm an advocate for growth and expansion, but I feel it's time to address a common misbelief I hear from a lot of small businesses across Canada that are dreaming of going to Toronto, all for the purpose of trying to "get in."
If you ask these companies, they would tell you that is where the opportunity is to expand their business and that once they are in Toronto, they will get even more business because "that's the way it works there."
None of this is true, but companies choose to believe it because it's easy. It's easy to tell someone your plans for growth are to "break into Toronto." It's easy to convince yourself that once you get into Toronto, it's going to become easier, that you will be able to charge more and that your business will flourish if you can just get in.
I would wager that if you're experiencing difficulties growing, the root cause comes back to innovation and marketing, and until you fix those two issues, don't even bother trying to enter into a marketplace that is more competitive than your own.
Most companies are selling commodities and wonder why there are no bites in their own city. I hear things like, "People don't like to spend money here" or "People in Toronto buy so much faster than they do over here." That's just not true.
If you're experiencing those difficulties in your own city, things won't get easier in Toronto. There's so much more noise and competition in Toronto that if your product or service isn't significantly more beneficial to the marketplace, don't bother even thinking about it. If you don't have a competitive advantage, don't bother trying to compete. You're going to waste a lot of time and money.
Start by taking a step back, and with your team, explore ways to make what you do less of a commodity and more valuable in the eyes of the consumer. For instance, if you're a consulting firm and wanted to be more remarkable, you could explore a number of unique innovation strategies to get you there.
Create conversation by developing something that solves a common problem. For example, Deloitte & Touche created Bullfighter, a software application that searches documents for jargon, overworked terms and unnecessarily complicated sentences and removes or replaces them with more applicable terms.
Develop a new voice and become an expert in a new field. For example, Jakob Nielsen founded the "discount usability engineering" movement for fast and cheap improvements of user interfaces.
Fixing what's broken, such as providing a truly personal user experience for the customer. For example, where the bank industry is very cold and institutionalized, Commerce Bank set up locations in retail spaces, opened seven days a week and removed all teller windows to create a more personal experience for their clients.
If you have a remarkable product or service, that doesn't mean you're going to have an easy time promoting or selling it. This is where a lot of people believe they need to "get out" of their city because people there just "don't get it." Sorry to tell you, if you can't figure it out at home, taking it on the road to Toronto isn't going make it any easier.
Whom are you trying to reach? The smaller the circle, the better, because they are the early adopters and will carry your message into the marketplace for you.
How will this circle become aware of what you have to offer? What are you going to do to get them to use your product or service?
What kind of story are you going to tell and spread through this circle? You can't just go into the market with a product or service and not have a story that captivates the reason for its existence and your reason for believing in it.
Does this story actually resonate with your circle?
What are the fears or objections that this group would have to using your product or service?
How will you get this circle to take action and not put you off? How can you get them using your product or service as fast as possible?
How will you support your circle in sharing their experiences with their peers, colleagues and friends?
Expanding into Toronto is not the solution to your desires for growth. Focus less on going after the bigger market and shift your energy to solving a much bigger issue first – reinventing your product or service and fixing your marketing. If you still think getting into Toronto is more important than that … then I wish you luck! You're going to need it.
Ryan Caligiuri is a growth strategist and founder of #bizbookaweek, a movement that challenges professionals to read a business book a week in order to gain a clear, powerful advantage over the majority of people who don't take the time to read. Join the movement at bizbookaweek.com.
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0.99992 |
Hello Sculptors, it’s time for another round of our new 3D sculpting challenge! This time, we’re moving away from characters and creatures and focus on a weapon instead – and no weapon seems to be more popular on Sketchfab than the good old battle axe!
So pick up your favourite sculpting app and enter to win a Wacom Intuos tablet.
Read on for the full rules, but the TL;DR version is: sculpt any ‘battle axe’ model, upload to Sketchfab and tag with #BattleAxeChallenge to enter.
Update: the winner is in!
Create a battle axe of any era or genre.
Once you’ve created your 3D model, upload it to Sketchfab and tag it #BattleAxeChallenge.
Submission deadline is Monday, May 1 (23:59 New York time – EST).
Contestants models must be uploaded to Sketchfab and tagged #BattleAxeChallenge to be considered.
The winners will be contacted by Friday, May 5.
Yay, another sculpt challenge. Go go go, time to work !
Woohoo! I love your enthusiasm 🙂 Good luck, and have fun!
>The winners will be contacted by Friday, March 24.
Ahh nice catch 🙂 Updated!
Entries will be judged on their geometry only, so it’s better not to replace your sculpted details with a normal map.
Ow, okay, because for the texture I use Substance painter and it can create normal map for the little details. So maybe i keep the Zbrush hd sculpt and I use normal map just for the texture.
Certainly! Scroll up – I’ve added a link to the top of the article.
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0.99994 |
To determine the value of diecast cars, look up the cars in an online price guide or a price book for that type of diecast car. NASCAR diecast car price guides include DiecastRegistry.net and "Becketts Racing Collectables Diecast Price Guide," while "Tomart's Disneyana Collector's Guide to Disney/Pixar Cars" has prices of Pixar diecast cars as of 2015. Alternatively, look up completed auction results for the diecast car on eBay or other auction sites.
Factors that affect the value of a diecast car include the manufacturer, rarity and scale. The manufacturer affects the value because some manufacturers create more detailed and more expensive diecast cars than others, making their cars more valuable. Rarer diecast cars tend to be more valuable, and the primary factors that affect rarity are the amount produced of a specific diecast car and its year. When fewer cars are produced, there are fewer in circulation, which makes them more valuable. Older cars are also usually more difficult to find, adding to their value.
Diecast car scales include 1/64, 1/24 and 1/18. While 1/18 are the largest and have the most detail, people don't collect them as often due to their large size. Most collectors focus on 1/24 scale.
While price guides have the value of diecast cars, these fluctuate frequently. The actual price someone pays for the car is difficult to predict, since diecast cars are collectible items and therefore only valuable to people who collect them.
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0.999871 |
Phobias are a mental health condition in which an individual consistently experiences intense, typically irrational fear in reaction to a specific situation or object. These fears can be specific phobias in response to a certain thing — like snakes or blood — or they might fall under the umbrella of social phobia or agoraphobia. Phobias are often thought of as a sub-category of anxiety.
Fears, even intense and irrationally ones, are a normal part of life. Most of us have experienced an irrationally strong desire to get away from a spider, or we’ve considered skipping a social event because we’re scared we’ll embarrass ourselves. Some degree of fear can be a healthy reaction to many common situations.
But when these fears become especially persistent, they can get in the way of a healthy day-to-day lifestyle.
Phobias are among the most commonly diagnosed mental health conditions in the United States. The National Institute of Mental Health reports that about 12.5% of adults in the United States experience a specific phobia at some point during their lives. The figure is similar for social phobia, at 12.1%. Agoraphobia is less common, affecting 1.3% of adults at some point in their lives.
For both specific phobias and social phobia, diagnoses are somewhat more common for women than for men.
What are some symptoms of phobias?
Intense worry or fear: The experience or even thought of the thing you fear triggers a sense that you are in danger, even though you may know rationally that the object or situation is harmless.
Physical responses: You may experience physical symptoms of fear, including sweaty palms, quickened pulse, or shortness of breath.
Panic attacks: At times, anxiety responses to phobias can become a full-fledged panic attack, which is often an overwhelming sensation of fear accompanied by strong physical symptoms.
Persistent thoughts of the feared object or situation: If you’re struggling with a phobia, you may find yourself thinking frequently of the thing you fear, even when it is not currently present.
Disruption of daily activities: Your fear or desire to avoid the object of your phobia may keep you from engaging in the tasks of day-to-day life, such as work, socializing, or self-care.
Agoraphobia: Agoraphobia is generally understood as a fear of being in any situation from which immediate escape may not be possible. This often manifests in a fear of going out of the house and/or into crowded or enclosed places.
Most people develop this diagnosis after having had a panic attack, and then continuing to avoid places where it might happen again.
Social phobia: Social phobia encompasses a fear of social situations, especially ones in which an individual might be scrutinized by others and end up feeling embarrassed. People with social phobia tend to be painfully self-conscious.
Specific phobias: All other phobias are categorized as specific phobias. These vary enormously, and many have specific terms based on the object feared (for example, arachnophobia is a fear of spiders). Some of the most common specific phobias include flying, heights, animals such as snakes or dogs, and bodily substances such as blood or vomit.
Therapy: Find a therapist who can help you work through your phobia using proven tools and techniques.
Specifically look for a therapist who is trained in exposure therapy (more on this approach below).
Medication: Some people dealing with phobias, especially social phobia or agoraphobia, find that anti-anxiety medication helps reduce their symptoms. Though most medications come with side effects, a psychiatric professional can help you manage these side effects and find the most effective treatment.
Mindfulness and breathing exercises: Simple meditations can help reduce the anxiety symptoms that often come with phobias.
Exercise: Some studies have shown that regular exercise can decrease anxiety responses.
What should I look for in a therapist for phobias?
Find therapists who treat phobias on Zencare, below. Search by insurance, fees, and location; watch therapist introductory videos; and book free initial calls to find the right therapist for you!
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0.999943 |
How do you rebrand a Los Angeles Legend?
Melrose Avenue has long held a reputation for being unique, alternative and independent but, in recent years, the stretch between Fairfax and Highland started to lose its edge. Urban Legend is helping to reshape the image of this shopping, dining and entertainment destination to attract new visitors & investment in the area.
Urban Legend built a website and social media platforms for the Melrose Business Improvement District that showcase everything the area has to offer, from the latest in fashion and design, to delicious dining and cocktail culture. The audience is carefully cultivated and messaging distinct.
Urban Legend clearly delineates the District’s footprint with trash can signs, pole banners, and other outdoor branding.
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0.999584 |
Magento, Drupal, Joomla Or WordPress CMS?
A content management system (CMS) is a system used to manage the content of a Web site. Typically, CMS consist of two elements: the content management application (CMA) and the content delivery application (CDA).
WordPress, Joomla, Magento and Drupal are the four most popular content management systems (CMS) which you can find online.
All four are open source and built on the PHP + MySQL platform. They have different features, capabilities, and customization flexibility. Here is a brief comparison of each of the CMS platforms so that you can decide which CMS you should use.
Drupal: Drupal is a free, open-source web development platform for online content and user communities. Drupal powers some of the busiest sites on the web, and can be adapted to virtually any visual design.
Drupal runs over a million sites, including WhiteHouse.gov, World Economic Forum, Stanford University, and Examiner.com. Drupal is one of the oldest CMS systems launched in early 2001. Like WordPress and Joomla, Drupal is based on PHP-MySQL.
Drupal is a search engine friendly CMS and has an ability to handle hundreds of thousands of pages of content with ease. However, the lack of free plugins makes it inflexible to use.
Magento: Magento is an open-source content management system for e-commerce web sites. The software was originally developed by Varien Inc., a US private company headquartered in Culver City, California, with assistance from volunteers.
Magento is a feature-rich eCommerce platform built on open-source technology that provides online merchants with unprecedented flexibility and control over the look, content and functionality of their eCommerce store.
Magento is easy to integrate with many third-party sites and shipping services like FedEx & UPS. It comes with built-in SEO features, delivering online marketing tools that help buyers to rate and review products. It can also handle multiple stores and can be easily customized.
Joomla: Joomla is an award-winning content management system (CMS), which enables you to build Web sites and powerful online applications.
It is easy to use with a polished, flexible and powerful user interface and a strong developer community. The plugin library is large enough and contains several free to use plugins and extensions.
WordPress: WordPress is an online, open source website creation tool written in PHP. It’s probably the easiest and most powerful blogging and website content management system (or CMS) in existence today.
Millions of websites utilize WordPress and is one of the most popular blogging platforms in the world. It is highly flexible, easy to use and SEO friendly. With thousands of free plugins and themes, no doubt it should be your first choice of all above CMS.
You can choose any of the CMS platforms mentioned above; all depends on your requirement since each of them has its own advantage and disadvantage.
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0.999964 |
"I can't do this and that." - "Well, did you do what you need to do that was written in the piece of content you are replying to right now?" - "No, what do I need to do?" - "Read the text above!"
"To get into your new car, you have to unlock the door, open it and just sit down in the seat." - "I can't sit down!" - "Have you unlocked the door and opened it?" - "What door?"
I mean, this isn't even an IT thing. *cries a bit* Time to get a coffee.
And often they even tell in question "I am a taxi driver"
So often I want to answer "Do you have the boxes the computer came in?"
"I need to get a driver's license first? Whaaaat... My client is already in the back seat and they are in a hurry. Buckle up! Yeee-how!"
Or: "And while we're at it: How does this car thing work?"
Wow! I always love these kind...."can please anyone help me or send me the code ? its very very urgent (the best part!!!!) I am new to sap XYZ (insert area of knowledge here...and this almost beats the previous line!)"
Yeah... and then got it deleted. bah!!
"I'm starting Formula 1 race right now. How do I turn the wheel? Was it "right tighty"? Someone help me, I'm new to this."
And then caused the client to take on some proper consultants to sort out the mess.
Of course we're all so glad there has never been a question like "Help! Need to replace forum with another software, never done that before, it's really urgent!" on the former SDN/SCN.
Dang!!! It is already gone....so now I can only imagine what it might have been......"Dear gurus.....new to ABAP.....client requirement......very VERY urgent......step-by-step.....see screenshot"
It was reasonably politely written request along the lines of I need program to produce output like this: <excel screenshot> from table XYZ.
I love your reply Mario!
The sad thing is the "noise" in the stream this kind of questions generate, making interesting ones to virtually disappear.
Dang! This one roped me in! It actually looked like a legit good question.....and then the comment to my answer......IT'S A TRAP!!!!!
I see nothing wrong with that response/answer. Although you know the next step....OP will answer you back with "functional spec template please" and then mark his as "best answer".
Jelena whips hard some bums!
"whips some bums hard.....", or colloquially "whips a*se".
...and let us now forget the tried and true "if you don't like the answers given, post the same exact question with a slightly different subject line in a new thread every so many days until one of the threads gets the result you want. Bonus points for those that show double/triple digits for "questions" but ZERO for "answers"!!!
Well, it says "Team Portal", duh. "Hey, I didn't ask that question, it's that guy! Whom are you talking about? I didn't ask it! No, it's him! Who? That guy! Ah, he is on vacation today. Oh..."
Clearly M. Night Shyamalan got the idea from SCN.
My users post these kind of dumps, too. But they are users, not the people who should fix them and therefor know that this info is kind of useless and the real helpful stuff comes further down.
don't know if they even bother scrolling down.
....but it did get my blood boiling.
Of course, nostalgic stories of "once planned activities" might fit better in the fun place CC.
"Wanted to do my job but then realized I could just ask SCN do it for me" :) Sounds like a solid base for a new SCN meme.
Correct answer is "yes, we can". Sorry, did "the needful" already.
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0.756625 |
As of today, the world's longest serving president is Teodoro Obiang.
Vladimir Putin is expected to win Russia's presidential election on Sunday, giving him a fourth term that would take him to nearly a quarter-century as a head of state or government.
Other leaders who have been in power for more than a quarter of a century include Tajikistan's Emomali Rakhmon, Cameroon's Paul Biy and Equatorial Guinea's Teodoro Obiang Nguema.
Here is the list of the world rulers who have held power the longest - excluding monarchs enthroned for life.
Cuba: Topping the list with 49 years in power is Cuba's revolutionary hero Fidel Castro, who handed over to his brother Raul in 2008 when he was in his early 80s.
Taiwan's first president, Chiang Kai-shek, was in charge of the island and mainland China for a total of 47 years until his death in 1975.
North Korean founder Kim Il-sung ran the reclusive state for 46 years before dying in office in 1994. He is still revered as the "eternal leader".
Albania's Enver Hoxha was in power for 40 years until his death in 1985.
Muammar Gaddafi ruled Libya with an iron fist for almost 42 years before being killed in 2011 by rebels.
Gabon: Omar Bongo Ondimba governed oil-rich Gabon for more than 41 years until his death in 2009.
Zimbabwe: Robert Mugabe rose to power in 1980, and resigned from Zimbabwe's top post in 2017, after a 37-year rule.
Equatorial Guinea: Currently the world's longest-serving president is Equatorial Guinea's Teodoro Obiang Nguema, with 38 years under his belt since he toppled his uncle in 1979.
Cameroon's President Paul Biya: 35 years.
Congo President Denis Sassou: 34 years, excluding a five-year pause.
Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen: 33 years.
Uganda's President Yoweri Museveni: 32 years.
Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei: 29 years.
Sudan's President Omar al-Bashir: 28 years.
Chad's President Idriss Deby: 27 years.
Kazakhstan's President Nursultan Nazarbayev: 28 years.
Tajikistan's President Emomali Rakhmon: 25 years, first rising to power in 1992 amid a bloody civil war.
Eritrea's President Isaias Afwerki: 24 years.
Russia elections: President Putin for life?
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0.979882 |
A chemical abortion is one option available to women in the event of an unplanned pregnancy.
Chemical substances may be used to terminate a pregnancy during a chemical abortion.
Chemical abortion, sometimes called medical abortion or non-surgical abortion, is the termination of a pregnancy using an abortifacient, meaning a chemical substance that induces abortion. The drugs used to perform a chemical-induced abortion cause the womb to contract and expel the embryo, similar to what happens during a miscarriage. A chemical abortion can only be performed in the first nine weeks of pregnancy, and while no hospital stay is needed, several doctor's appointments are required. Chemical abortion is effective in 95-97% of cases, and a surgical abortion, meaning a surgical procedure to remove the embryo, is usually performed if the chemical abortion does not terminate the pregnancy. The expected symptoms of this procedure include mild to severe cramping and heavy bleeding for some hours, followed by lighter bleeding for several weeks.
A combination of abortion-inducing drugs is commonly recommended to perform a chemical abortion to ensure that the pregnancy is terminated effectively and safely for the woman. The first drug is usually administered in the doctor's office and can be mifepristone, also known as RU 486 or the abortion pill, tamoxifen, or methotrexate. Some days later the woman takes another drug, often misoprostol, at home. The abortion then happens within six to eight hours, resulting in cramping and heavy bleeding for several hours as the embryo and lining of the womb is expelled. A doctor's exam is required within two weeks after taking the first medication to determine if the pregnancy has been terminated.
Light bleeding can be expected for one to two weeks after a chemical abortion, and can continue for a month or more, though this is uncommon. The most common cause of complications after this procedure is that some tissue remains inside the uterus, which can cause infection, cramping, and bleeding. Occasionally a surgical procedure called dilation and curettage (D&C) is required to remove this remaining tissue. Signs of possible infection and other abortion-related complications include fever, abdominal pain, and very heavy bleeding. In rare cases these complications can be fatal or affect the ability to become pregnant again.
Some women choose to terminate an unwanted pregnancy or unplanned pregnancy with drugs rather than a surgical abortion because they think the procedure is less invasive and more private. Chemical abortions can also be done earlier in the pregnancy than surgical abortions. However, chemical abortions fail more often than surgical abortion types, and the chemical abortion process also takes longer. When a chemical abortion fails, a surgical abortion must be performed, because of the risk of severe birth defects.
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0.995502 |
"Passing through your wonderful mountains and canyons I realize that this state is going to be more and more the playground for the whole republic... You will see this the real Switzerland of America."
Colorado is the highest state and has more mountains reaching 14,000 feet than any other state. "Grand Mesa", the world's largest flat-top plateau is also found in Colorado. Her mountain scenery is some of the most beautiful and dramatic in the United States and Colorado is a center for vacationers taking advantage of the pleasant summer climate and the ample supplies of powdered snow in the winter.
The Rocky Mountain State is a leader in manufacturing of scientific and medical instruments and is also a major agricultural and mining state. Its gold and silver mining boom days are well known. Mrs. J. Brown, socialite wife of a Colorado mining tycoon was immortalized in the Broadway Musical, "The Unsinkable Molly Brown" so called after she survived the sinking of the ocean liner "Titanic". Her home in Denver has been maintained as a museum.
Soon after gold was discovered near Denver, the region around Pikes Peak became the Colorado Territory. Other names, such as Colona, Jefferson, Osage and even Idaho, were suggested and discarded in favor of Colorado, Spanish for "red" in reference to the color of the water of the Colorado River.
Colorado is nicknamed the Centennial State because it entered the union in 1876, 100 years after the signing of the Declaration of Independence.
This nickname is a reference to the quantities of silver that have been mined in Colorado. Leadville became one of the world's greatest mining camps in 1878.
This nickname came about because of the large quantities of lead that were mined in Colorado.
This old nickname referred to the large herds of bison that once roamed the Colorado plains.
Colorado, along with other mountainous states, has been referred to as the Switzerland of America for its elevation, its majestic mountains and natural beauty.
This nickname is similar in spirit to the one above and is in reference to Colorado as the state with the highest average elevation and its towering mountains.
People who live in or come from Colorado are referred to as Coloradans.
In days gone by, Coloradans were given nicknames that aligned with certain characteristics of the people of the times. One might have heard Coloradans called Silverines, a reference to the great silver mines and wealth in the state, or Rovers, characterizing the settlers that arrived in the state during the gold rushes when "Pikes Peak or Bust" became a common slogan. Coloradans have also been referred to as Centennials after the state's most common nickname.
The third commemorative quarter-dollar coin released in 2006 honors Colorado, and is the 38th coin in the United States Mint's 50 State Quarters® Program. The Colorado quarter depicts a sweeping view of the state's rugged Rocky Mountains with evergreen trees and a banner carrying the inscription "Colorful Colorado." The coin also bears the inscriptions "Colorado" and "1876."
Colorado was admitted into the Union on August 1, 1876, becoming our Nation's 38th state. With statehood gained less than one month after the 100th anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence, Colorado is nicknamed the "Centennial State."
The Colorado Commemorative Quarter Advisory Commission was formed by an Executive Order issued by Governor Bill Owens. Colorado First Lady Frances Owens served as Commission Chair, and design narratives were accepted from citizens. From more than 1,500 submissions accepted by the Commission, five concepts were forwarded to the United States Mint.
The sculptor-engravers of the United States Mint and artists in the United States Mint's Artistic Infusion Program developed the candidate designs from the narratives provided, and the designs were returned to Colorado in May 2005. On May 31, 2005, Governor Owens announced "Colorful Colorado" as his recommendation for the Colorado commemorative quarter-dollar. The Department of the Treasury approved the design on July 20, 2005.
The four other design concepts considered during the final selection process were "Mesa Verde," featuring Mesa Verde National Park with cliff dwellings; "10th Mountain Division Birthplace," depicting a soldier/skier of the famed United States Army Division that originated in Colorado; "The Centennial State," which features a stylized letter "C" entwined with a mountain columbine flower; and the Rocky Mountains and "Pikes Peak," featuring the gold rush slogan "Pikes Peak or Bust" and a prospector's pick and shovel.
Garden of the Gods: The website of the Garden of the Gods Visitor and Nature Center in Colorado Springs, Coloardo.
Georgetown, Colorado: The website of the Town of Georgetown, Colorado.
Colorado (From Sea to Shining Sea) , by Amy Miller. 80 pages. Publisher: Scholastic Library Publishing (2002) Reading level: Grades 3-5. Presents information about Colorado's people, geography, history, landmarks, natural resources, government, state capitol, towns and cities, and more.
Colorado (World Almanac Library of the States) , by Megan Elias. 48 pages. Gareth Stevens Publishing (July 2002) Reading level: Grades 4-6. Filled with the most up-to-date information, including the latest Census results. Full-color photos bring to life the story of Colorado. In addition to an in-depth factual profile of Colorado in the form of a state Almanac, this book offers fascinating and lively discussions of the state's history, people, geography, government, economy, culture, and lifestyles. A section on Notable People, a calendar of events, and enough primary source documents, time lines, maps, and other tools to make this unquestionably the best young adult reference material on the USA available anywhere.
Roadside History of Colorado , by Candy Moulton. 296 pages. Mountain Press Publishing Company (May 1, 2006) Colorado's roads wind through country that is steeped in history, sometimes tracing routes with a history of their own, from the Santa Fe Trail to the Million Dollar Highway. But no matter where you roam in this beautiful state, Roadside History of Colorado can guide you. In this long-awaited volume, award-winning history writer Candy Moulton escorts readers through ancient pueblos, perilous trails, mining boomtowns, and modern ski resorts.
Roadside History of Colorado is divided into geographical-historical areas, making it easy to explore the state region by region. Mesmerizing tales of adventure and tragedy-including cannibalism on the "Starvation Trail," the infamous Sand Creek Massacre, the jailing of Mother Jones, and the Big Thompson River flood of 1976-will thrill both Coloradans and visitors. Numerous historical photographs and maps enhance this entertaining and handy guide to the history of the Centennial State.
The Colorado Almanac: Facts about Colorado , by Thomas J. Noel. 232 pages. Westwinds Press (October 1, 2001) Whether you are a visitor to, or a resident of, the Centennial State, The Colorado Almanac is a mile-high must-read. In this newest addition to our state almanac series, The Colorado Almanac is packed full of interesting factoids and fascinating bits on the geography, economy, history, and people of this beautiful state. This handy, portable volume offers an unending store of entertainment for those curious about Colorado. Numerous photographs, charts, maps, illustrations, and up-to-date information make this book an indispensable reference.
What is the highest point in the highest state? Where are the most dangerous avalanches? What was so peculiar about Colorado's 1905 gubernatorial election? Where can you go to experience a real dinosaur dig? Where is the best place to see the legendary jackalope? Find out this, and more.
Thomas J. Noel is a noted Colorado historian and author of several books on Colorado, including Denver: Mining Camp to Metropolis , coauthored with Stephen C. Leonard.
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0.99999 |
Where the work of physicists was controlled more effectively, Nazi Germany or Postwar America?
There is a strong belief that science is independent from the influence of cultural, social, ideological and political life. This belief should also apply to physics, which is seen as one of the most ‚pure’ sciences. However, history shows that physics has always somehow been used and controlled by the authority.
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0.941163 |
How did you learn about this professional development opportunity?
I understand the event for which I am registering may be photographed, streamed, and/or recorded. In consideration for my participation in the event, I hereby grant Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (“Bank”) permission to photograph, stream and record me at the event, and authorize Bank to edit, copy, exhibit, use, display, publish, distribute, broadcast, perform, and prepare derivative works of the same, including my voice and likeness, in any format now known or hereafter discovered. I release Bank, its employees and assignees, from any and all claims for damages for libel, slander, invasion of privacy, right of publicity, or any other claim based on use of the above-described material(s).
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0.99055 |
On behalf of O’Dwyer & Bernstien, LLP, on Monday, August 31, 2015.
Brian O’Dwyer and Cody McCone won a !1.75 million lawsuit against New York City, for the family of Jim Bishop, a union official who was murdered in 1990. Read the article.
New York City will pay $1.75 million to the family of Jim Bishop, a former painter’s union official who was murdered on May 17, 1990.
Brian O’Dwyer and Cody McCone of the law firm of O’Dwyer & Bernstien, LLP announced that the suit brought by the Bishop family against the City of New York had been settled for the amount of $1.75 million.
The suit, which was brought in 2006, alleged that two police officers, Stephen Caracappa and Louis Eppolito, were assassins and spies for the Mafia while they were employed as detectives of the New York City Police Department.
Bishop served for over twenty years as an official of District 9 of the Carpenters Union and during that time fought hard against Mafia influence in the construction industry.
As a result of his crusade, Bishop was targeted by the Mafia for assassination – even as he was supposed to have been under police protection, said a release from O’Dwyer & Bernstien, which is based in Lower Manhattan.
Instead, according to the release, Officers Eppolito and Caracappa arranged for police protection to be removed and provided information as to Bishop’s address.
“As a result of the removal of police protection and the tip as to his whereabouts, Bishop was murdered in Queens,” the release announcing the settlement said.
Both Eppolito and Caracappa were convicted in 2009 of aiding and abetting the Mob in the commission of eight gangland murders, and each received life sentences in prison.
The conviction followed exposure of what was one of the most notorious cases of corrupt actions by police officers in the city’s history.
In 2005, Frances Bishop, the widow of James Bishop, retained the Office of O’Dwyer & Bernstien to seek justice for her family.
During the course of the case, evidence was developed that the first reports of the detectives’ corruption were made in 1979 and they were implicated a number of times through the 1980s.
However, they were never charged but rather promoted within police ranks.
The suit, according to the release, alleged that the city had ample evidence that the two detectives were feeding the Mob with classified information and yet no action was taken against them, thus allowing them to aid and abet Bishop’s murder, along with the seven others who were similarly murdered by the Mafia.
The city’s lawyers vigorously defended the case saying that the city had no responsibility for the murders.
After nearly ten years of litigation, Federal Judge Raymond Dearie had ruled that the case could go to trial on September 8.
But on virtually the eve of trial, the city agreed to pay James Bishop’s estate $1.75 million in compensation.
Attorney Brian O’Dwyer said: “We at O’Dwyer and Bernstien are delighted that we could bring justice to the Bishop family.
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How long does it take to install a home lift?
Two days are required to install your home lift. (Informative and non-contractual information, time frame depends on the difficulty of the assembly and configurations of the location of the device).
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5 top tips for getting great photos of your children.
Taking photos of your children is a great way to capture memories – you can improve on your photos with just 5 top tips.
1.Get down. Being on their level helps you to connect with your child and also makes their eyes appear larger and so even more appealing. Crawl on the floor with them, or put them up on a sofa so you can easily make eye contact.
2.Fill the frame of your camera. Again their eyes are seen larger and it’s that contact that helps to draw you into the photograph. The bigger your children are in a photograph the more detail you will see. It’s these little details that change over the years and so will be so appealing to capture. Eyes, eyelashes, nose shape, ears etc.
3.Remove distractions from the background. Try to make sure you don’t have too much going on in the background. Too much detail in your photograph will take your attention from the children and make your eye rove around the photograph. The children are the most important thing you are photographing and so let them be.
4. Make their eyes sparkle. When taking a photograph look at their eyes, do they have a light or twinkle in them? If not try turning them to the light of a window, or reflecting light back into them with a mirror or even table lamp. If outside try to capture them with a refection of water or the sky in their eyes, so making them glint. This will make them look bright and awake.
5. Get them talking. Getting down on the floor, talking and playing with them will encourage your children to be less anxious about the camera and what you are doing, and will allow you to capture more natural photographs of them being them. It also captures them playing with toys that they likely will grow out of soon, or doing activities like drawing and painting that again they may do less of as they grow and change.
I hope these tips have been helpful. I’d love to see your results – please post them on my facebook page as little ones faces are always a joy to see.
Please keep an eye out on my page for more tips and ideas.
The summer really is a great time to get the family photographed together, or even just the children. They’re looking relaxed and healthy from days off school. I’m happy to offer to you a photoshoot and framed 8×6″ Print for £29.99.
Your children will never be this age again, so why not have a fun session in a Professional Photography Studio in Uppermill, then a trip to the park or cafe afterwards and then be rewarded with a framed quality memory of your children? Uppermill is a great place to visit in the holidays, along with the other villages in Saddleworth. Other photographic art work is also available from your session and make great gifts.
Stretching to the right image for your business.
We sat and discussed what she did, my knowledge of Pilates is limited, but I know a lot more now! (I know my posture is poor and that I need to do more exercise to strengthen my back to help with working at a computer for hours.) She wanted a profile image of her to use on the website, social media and in emails. She also wanted some images of her doing what she does, again for her website, to draw people in and show them as well as tell them what she does.
This is what I did for her: – we decided to keep the images as simple a format as possible to reduce the ‘noise’ from surrounding furniture, people etc. We felt a clean and crisp image was ideal rather than in a class situation. The studio was perfect for this. We discussed, researched and then decided on some poses that would illustrate what she wanted to portray and which looked interesting and energizing. After an hour we had the set – it was a wrap!
If you’re interested in talking about how I can help you with taking photographs to illustrate the story of your business, drop me a line here or ring on 07759 599134 – I’d love to hear about you and how we can work together on your businesses images.
To find out more about Olga’s pilates classes please ring 01457 871943 or search Olga Flemington Pilates.
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What is a docset file and how do I open a docset file?
DOCSET is a developer file created by Doxygen, a source code documentation system. It contains an archive of documentation about a body of source code, which can encompass many different individual source code files and code constructs; used as the storage format for publishing documentation to developers that use the source code.
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How was Earth first measured?
The study of the size and shape of Earth is called geodesy. People have studied geodesy for millennia. As early as two thousand years ago, the Greek-Egyptian astronomer and mathematician Eratosthenes (276–194 B.C.E.) used the shadow of the Sun to compute that Earth was a sphere about twenty-five thousand miles in circumference. This was impressively close to the modern value.
Finally in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Europeans were able to develop techniques to measure the size and shape of Earth accurately. Dutch physicist, astronomer, and mathematician Willebrord Snell (1580–1626), who is best remembered today for Snell’s law, explaining the angle of refraction (bending) of light through different materials, extended these mathematical ideas to figure out how to measure distances using trigonometry. He used a large quadrant (a circular arc divided into 90-degree angles) to measure angles of separation between two points. From this he could calculate distances between them and measure the radius of Earth.
The German mathematician and scientist Karl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855) also worked on this problem; as director of the Göttingen Observatory from 1807 until the end of his life, Gauss became interested in geodesy. In 1821 he invented the heliotrope, an instrument that reflects sunlight over great distances to mark positions accurately while surveying.
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Sleep is a very important factor in determining how we feel and function daily. Sleep and Aging research show that sleep efficiency declines as we get older. Sleep patterns change and sleep is not as deep as when we were younger. But regardless of age, everyone needs to sleep well in order to stay physically and mentally healthy.
Sleep is the time our body heals and restores energy. During sleep the brain organizes information, solves problems and exchanges chemicals.
If you can't sleep properly it can affect your mental judgment and physical performance. Long term sleep deprivation is linked to heart disease, stroke, diabetes, weight gain and Alzheimer's.
Sleep deprivation is considered to be one of the major factors of premature aging.
The amount of sleep we need does NOT usually decline with age. If you needed 8 hours of sleep when you were 20, you still need about the same amount. Napping counts as sleep, too and so does falling asleep in front of the TV or the computer.
How do sleep and aging affect each other?
As we age, the quality of sleep declines. During a normal night, there are 5 stages of sleep. Stages 1 through 4 are referred to as NREM (non rapid eye movements). Light sleep occurs in stage 1 and 2. Stages 3 and 4 are deep sleep. The 5th stage is REM(rapid eye movement), the dreaming stage in which the body is the most relaxed.
These 5 stages make up one cycle which lasts about 90 minutes. During a night's sleep we go through 4-5 sleep cycles.
As we age, we spend less time in deep sleep (stages 3 and 4) and are therefore more prone to wake up in the middle of the night from noises, aches and pains. While we may spend the same amount of time in bed as we always did, we are sleeping less and as a result, many baby boomers become sleep deprived.
Medications: As we age medications play a larger role in our life. There are medications that have stimulating effects and keep us from falling asleep and others that can cause sleepiness.
Stressful situations : Financial or family problems can cause stress and keep you from sleeping.
Medical disorders: Many illnesses and other conditions such as arthritis, heartburn, constipation , sinus problems, night sweats, and urinary incontinence , can disrupt sleep and/or cause us to wake up several times a night.
Sleep disorders: Sleep disorders such as insomnia, sleep apnea, and restless leg syndrome, can disrupt sleep regardless of age.
Lifestyle and habits : Certain foods, alcohol and smoking have an effect on how we sleep.
Taking naps: For some napping during the day can disrupt sleep at night.
Studies show that people who sleep more than 8 hours or less than 4 have a higher death rate than those that get 6-7 hours of sleep. But researchers don't believe that sleep itself is harmful. Excess sleep is usually a symptom of other problems such as depression, poor diet and lack of exercise.
Sleep and aging does not necessarily have to be a disastrous combination. There are a number of things you can do to improve the quality of your sleep. Read these tips on How to Improve your sleep .
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People that move into a housing cooperative may find it to be a very nice alternative form of housing.
Some housing cooperatives have community gardens, which are collectively tended.
A housing cooperative is a type of property use and ownership in which all residents own shares of the property and share the responsibilities of upkeep and operations. Many housing co-ops are run as small corporations, with those that live on the property comparable to a board of directors. While belonging to a co-op gives tenants less freedom that owning a private residence, tenants have more say in major property decisions than renters.
There are many different kinds of housing cooperative examples that suit the needs of different people. Seniors, students, families, members of religious organizations, disabled people, and artists can all find an alternative form of householding in a housing cooperative. Oftentimes, the property is owned by the cooperative company, but some co-ops lease property from a single owner instead.
Members of a cooperative usually pay a monthly fee much like renters, that covers their share of utilities, mortgage payment, and upkeep. Shareholders often run cooperatives democratically, allowing each member or family a vote in property decisions, including the admission of new members. Some cooperatives also operate a community-owned business, such as a nursery, farm, or craft store. Profits are generally shared among residents that contribute to the business in some way.
The benefits of a housing cooperative include an increased sense of community and democratic method of making property decisions. Successful cooperatives are often like an extended family, with members sharing tasks like babysitting, tending a community garden, and sharing holidays together. Additionally,some regions offer tax breaks and special deductions for cooperatives, but these should be carefully checked against local tax law to avoid discrepancies.
There are potential downsides to a housing cooperative that should be considered. Sometimes, regular apartment buildings are turned into co-ops and residents are given the choice of buying shares or moving out, forcing those who may not prefer a co-op lifestyle into one if they want to keep their home. If a co-op board makes a decision that forces changes on a property that a resident disagrees with, it is often impossible to sue as the resident is a part owner of the corporation.
Additionally, some co-ops have very specific ethical codes and belief systems that may cause new or different residents to feel out of place or unaccepted. In smaller co-ops that are meant to be tightly knit communities, those with a different opinion than the majority or residents can cause strife and discord. Much like a family, a housing cooperative can be quite dysfunctional if not run carefully and respectfully.
What Are the Pros and Cons of Co-Signing a Lease?
What Is a Cooperative Mortgage?
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What happens to chat boxes which fall outside the concurrent chats limit?
Chat users which do not fall into the concurrent connections limit (for example if you have a 5 concurrent chat limit and you're already talking to 5 people), get added to a queue, and they'll see a message in their chat box saying, "You are X in the queue" (where X is the number they are in the queue to be connected to an agent).
As soon as an active chat has completed, the chat queue is adjusted, the chatbox in position 1 will be added into Boxcar for you to connect to, and the chatboxes still in the queue will increment their displayed position as well.
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Can you name the five correct Harry Potter characters that belong in each set, without naming the wrong ones?
► INSTRUCTIONS: Once you have all FIVE correct names in each set, enter the 5 letters/digits that appear (ex: 't7df3') to clear out that set.
In Ravenclaw Type the 5 correct names that match the category (above, in red). Then type the code.
In Gryffindor Type the 5 correct names that match the category (above, in red). Then type the code.
Introduced in 'Chamber of Secrets' Type the 5 correct names that match the category (above, in red). Then type the code.
Introduced in 'Prisoner of Azkaban' Type the 5 correct names that match the category (above, in red). Then type the code.
Order of the Phoenix Members Type the 5 correct names that match the category (above, in red). Then type the code.
Dumbledore's Army Members Type the 5 correct names that match the category (above, in red). Then type the code.
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Avebury, in Wiltshire, in the south-west of England, is a well-known paranormal hotspot. In fact, there are so many paranormal events and phenomena associated with Avebury, that I cannot possibly cover it all in one article.
I'd like to start off by telling you about Avebury's famous Red Lion Inn, which is one of the UK's most haunted hotels.
Much of the village, including the Red Lion, is enclosed within an ancient stone circle. There are several small stone circles at Avebury, as well as a large henge. Avebury is located just twenty miles from the much better known Stonehenge, and at least two thousand years older. The tiny village is regarded as a spiritual centre for numerous pagan groups, such as the Druids and Wiccans.
It has been the subject of many paranormal TV shows, including the very popular Most Haunted. In October 2004, the Swindon-based Paranormal Site Investigators carried out a ghostwatch at the pub.
The Red Lion's best known spirit is that of a former landlady, Florrie. Local legend describes how Florrie had a number of illicit dalliances whilst her soldier husband fought in the English Civil War, which took place from 1642-1651. Her husband returned home and discovered Florrie's infidelity. He murdered her and concealed her body by pushing it down the village well. The Red Lion later expanded around the well, which now serves as a focal point in one of the restaurant's dining rooms.
Florrie's murder was not the only one to occur at the Red Lion. It is also believed that a local man was stabbed to death in the cellar during the 17th century. At the time, the cellar was used to conceal criminals, and priests escaping the wrath of the anti-Catholic monarchy.
It was on 1st October, 2004, that a dozen members of Paranormal Site Investigators arrived at the Red Lion, to carry out an all-night vigil. They were accompanied by a local press photographer. They witnessed a great deal of anomalous activity, some of which was photographed. The activity experienced included mysterious footsteps, appliances turning themselves on and off, light anomalies, and people being touched by an unknown source. An object was also hurled down the stairs, from the bar to the cellar, where the investigators had based themselves. No-one was anywhere near the area of the bar from which the object was hurled.
One member of the investigative team, who was ignorant of the inn's history, had a particularly disturbing experience. He had a terrifying vision, in which a man came up to him and made a number of violent, stabbing motions with a dagger. The pub's staff later revealed that a man had been stabbed to death in the cellar. Staff who enter the cellar regularly feel an angry and menacing presence within.
A closer look at the Red Lion. Image: carboncopyrocks!
Many writers and investigators believe that the Red Lion's location, in the middle of one of Europe's largest stone circles, plays a key role in its paranormal history. Do stone circles attract paranormal events? Or perhaps paranormal events have occurred at such sites for millennia, and prehistoric man built the circles in recognition of these phenomena. It's impossible to know for sure, but having had a very bizarre experience of my own within an ancient stone circle, I'm convinced some unusual kind of energy exists at some of these sites.
That was a really interesting read. I've always been curious about stone circles. I just wanted to say I love your blog, your layout is really awesome too. I hope it's okay with you, I'm added your link to my favorite links on my Paranormal blog. It's pretty new and I'm just getting started, I'd love for you to check it out and let me know what you think. Any advice/comments would be much appreciated!!!
I came here a few years ago with my family. At the time I didn't think much of it, but the nights after we visited the stone circle & Avebury I suffered from many severe 'night terrors' - similar to nightmares although the victim can be awake yet still experience the dream, which tend to be much more vivid and shocking that most nightmares.
I'd never put two and two together until I heard about the paranormal activity in and around the stone circles and the Red Lion.
Of course, it could just be a coincidence but if so, it's a thrilling coincidence - to think that I suffered from these night terrors after visiting one of the UKs paranormal hotspots is certainly quite chilling.
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Do I need an estate plan if I am single and do not have children?
If you are single and without children, you are part of a growing crowd in America. About half of all Americans today are single and an increasingly large percentage of people are electing to forego children. Many single people believe that an estate plan is not necessary for them. However, without an estate plan, you will have no control over who receives your assets after your death. Even further, you may be leaving critical health care and financial decisions to an individual you would not have selected.
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Death* Albert Henry Switzer died on 12 August 1938 in Biddulph Twp., Middlesex County, Ontario, Canada, at age 69.
Burial* He was buried on 13 August 1938 in Kirkton Union Cemetery, Usborne Twp., Huron County, Ontario, Canada.
Fact 1* In 1921 there was a terrible accident and 3 of his (Alfred Edward Switzer's) girls were drowned.
While travelling from their property at Gum Creek near Charlesville in Queensland, Australia, to Sydney in a wagonette, Alfred and Alice with their children approached Middle creek and found it to be in flood. Alfred who was riding another horse crossed the swollen creek several times to find the best place to bring the wagon through. Satisfied that he choose the right place, he tied one end of a rope to the pole of the wagon, and the other end to the pommel of his saddle and proceeded to lead the wagon horses through the creek. When they were still some distance from the bank, Alfred's horse stumbled and went under, with this he panicked and pulled the other horses and wagon into deep water where it overturned, throwing the three girls, iEthel, Ada and Elsie in the flooded creek resulting in the drowing of all three. The three horses, all tied to the wagon were swept downstream and drowned as well.
(Witness) Fact 1 Amanda Louise Switzer witnessed the Fact 1 of William Henry Switzer; Photo of William Henry Switzer, Arabella Margaret Teskey and their children.
[S17] Unknown author, findagrave.com (n.p.: n.pub.), Findagrave Memorial # 80349951.
(Witness) Fact 1 Amos Christopher Switzer witnessed the Fact 1 of William Henry Switzer; Photo of William Henry Switzer, Arabella Margaret Teskey and their children.
Marriage* Amos Christopher Switzer married Margaret Ann McCuish on 31 December 1902 in Middlesex County, Ontario, Canada.
Marriage* Belinda Jane Switzer married Samuel Johnston on 19 August 1879 in Kinloss Twp., Bruce County, Ontario, Canada.
(Witness) Fact 1 Belinda Jane Switzer witnessed the Fact 1 of William Henry Switzer; Photo of William Henry Switzer, Arabella Margaret Teskey and their children.
Marriage* Bertha Winters Switzer married Duncan George Wallace on 23 December 1916 in Tavistock, Oxford County, Ontario, Canada.
Death* Bertha Winters Switzer died on 6 April 1987 in Knox Presbyterian Church Cemetery, Thorah Twp., Gamebridge, Ontario County, Ontario, Canada, at age 92.
[S91] Manitoba, Canada, Birth Index 1870 - 1917, online \, Birth registration for Bertha Winters Switzer.
Burial* He was buried in St. Mary's Cemetery, Section M, St. Mary's, Perth County, Ontario, Canada.
[S89] Unknown author, Village Connections; Woodham and Kirkton (n.p.: n.pub., unknown publish date).
(Witness) Fact 1 Charlotte Switzer witnessed the Fact 1 of Adam Shier; Family of Adam Shier and Charlotte Switzer.
(Witness) Fact 1 She witnessed the Fact 1 of Adam Shier; Adam Shier and Charlotte Switzer.
Burial* He was buried in Hazelwood Cemetery, Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada.
[S38] Unknown article title, Newspaper Clipping, unknown location, Obituary of Fletcher D. Switzer.
A Brief Sketch of the life of Edward Switzer, Esq.
The subject of our sketch, Edward Switzer, Esq. was born on the 18th of October, 1806, in Ireland, at Court Matrix, on Lord Southwell's estate, County of Limerick, near the village of Rathkeale. Though born in the evergreen isle his ancestors were German. He being the heir (though of the 4th generation) of Michael Schweitzer, and Dorothea his wife, who came to Ireland with his two sons from Germany, having been born in the village of Assernheim, near Mochdorf, belonging to the Barony of Leining, County of Modderheim, and part of the Most Reverend Capitalin See of Speyer, Germany. Leaving their native land on the 4th of May, 1709, they landed in Ireland, settling in the County of Limerick. His father, Adam Switzer, and his wife, enjoyed the house and land occupied by his progenitor, Michael Schweitzer above mentioned, being the heir thereto.
Death* Edward Switzer died on 14 October 1907 in Blanshard Twp., Perth County, Ontario, Canada, at age 100.
Death* He died on 20 February 1902 in Uxbridge, Ontario County, Ontario, Canada, at age 60.
Fact 1* Declaration of Intent of take US Citizenship.
[S17] Unknown author, findagrave.com (n.p.: n.pub.), Findagrave Memorial #106492586.
[S17] Unknown author, findagrave.com (n.p.: n.pub.), Findagrave Memorial #85946541.
Burial* She was buried in St. Mary's Cemetery, Perth County, Ontario, Canada.
Marriage* Ena Roland Switzer married Dr. Richard Lane Treleaven on 29 October 1926 in Toronto, York County, Ontario, Canada.
Birth* Estella Robena Switzer was born on 18 February 1872 in Lennox and Addington County, Ontario, Canada.
Marriage* Estella Robena Switzer married George Henry Fenwick on 16 August 1891 in Enterprise, Lennox and Addington County, Ontario, Canada.
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Does Lyrica can cause permanent consequences on memory?
Did you have such cases? Do you have any advise for this ?
Please answer to the question. What is the missing letter in "A_xietyBoss.com"?
Yes, pregabalin (Lyrica) can cause difficulty concentrating, confusion, and forgetfulness: https://anxietyboss.com/anxiety-treatments/prescription-drugs/#pregabalin. I'm not aware of permanent effects on memory. The only solution to these side effects is either dose reduction or discontinuance.
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Who would not want shining and healthy looking locks? Every woman wants her hair to look beautiful, healthy and shining. Women and men have different kinds of hair. Some have thick while some have thin, some have wavy while some have curly and likewise. With changing times, people style their hair and try different products on them, for them to look good. However most of these styling products have chemicals in them which destroy the scalp and hence damage the hair. The most prominent effect of chemical based products and a bad lifestyle is, hair loss. People lose hair due to a lot many reasons. Their diet is not nutritious; they expose their hair to harmful environments, less consumption of water and many more reasons. To prevent hair loss and regrow hair naturally one can use these 4 ways.
13. Hike a shady trail or along the coast. Yes, it’s hot and excercise probably sounds horrible, but if you can manage to take a stride among the waves and get your feet wet or find a shady hiking spot, you might just find relief.
If you have a commode that was built before 1982, 5 to 7 gallons of water is being used to flush. Commodes constructed between 1982 and 1993, only 3-1/2 gallons are going down the drain. Commodes made after 1993 use 1.6 gallons per flush. A conventional washing machine uses 37 gallons per load, 2 gallons per minute is used when taking a shower and brushing your teeth uses a gallon of water.
Organic farming is a natural way of farming. It is the practice of raising plants, especially fruits and vegetables, without the use of synthetic pesticides. Many people believe using harsh chemicals on plants or produce can be harmful to the health of the humans who regularly use the foods which have been exposed to chemicals. Organic farmers use only things naturally occurring in nature, such as manure to help plants grow. Organic farming does not use chemical fertilizers, herbicides, or pesticides.
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A Gradient Project is a collection of experiments, code, metrics, and artifacts. Projects can be created manually or automatically from a Job corresponding to the current working directory name.
Experiments are used to create and start either a single Job or multiple Jobs (eg for a hyperparameter search or distributed training).
The Gradient Jobs are designed for executing code (such as training a deep neural network) on a CPU or GPU without managing any infrastructure.
Jobs are part of a larger suite of tools that work seamlessly with Gradient Notebooks, and our Core product, which together form a production-ready ML/AI pipeline.
A Notebook is an interactive coding environment that allows you to mix code or formulas with text and diagrams, visualizations, and other media. Notebooks make it easy to explore data and coding concepts, and collaborate with other people on projects. Gradient integrates with Jupyter Notebooks and Jupyter Lab, making it easy to get a coding environment provisioned in seconds.
The Workspace storage is typically imported from the local directory in which you started your job. The contents of that directory are zipped up and uploaded to the container in which your job runs. The files are copies of the files on your local machine.
The Workspace exists for the duration of the job run. This directory is the current working directory in which your job is started, and is located at /home/paperspace if you need to reference the absolute path. If you need to push code up to Paperspace and run it, using the Workspace storage is the way to do it.
Paperspace experiments can generate machine learning models, which can be interpreted and stored in the Paperspace Model Repository.
Once a model is created, you can easily serve the model high-performance, low-latency micro-service with a RESTful API.
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Vedi tutti i punti salienti del Grand Turk su un tram all'aperto con commento storico da una guida informativa e divertente. Questa escursione di 3 ore comprende siti storici come musei, chiese, una prigione e gli stagni naturali di sale dell'isola. Conosci la gente del posto - asini e cavalli selvaggi - prima di una sosta a Cockburn Town per lo shopping e una visita al Faro Grand Turk.
Inizia il tuo giro turistico panoramico di Grand Turk alla stazione del tram vicino al terminal crociere all'estremità meridionale dell'isola. Da lì, il tram porta te, i tuoi familiari o amici, insieme a una guida esperta, fino alla punta nord dell'isola e ritorno in circa 3 ore. Sentire il sole e la brezza tropicale sulla pelle è un modo piacevole per visitare l'isola mentre si impara a conoscere la sua storia.
Cannoni, mulini a vento, chiese, locande e altre attrazioni storiche tengono la guida impegnata a segnalare le attrazioni locali. Passa molti cavalli selvaggi e asini, Space Capsule e Governor's Beach sulla strada per Cockburn Town, dove ti fermerai per assaggiare alcuni cibi locali e bere una bibita fresca (non inclusa nel prezzo del tour). Sbarca nella storica città di Cockburn e visita alcuni dei negozi e dei ristoranti locali.
Ritornati sul tram, oltrepassate la prigione di Sua Maestà e l'edificio nazionale, entrambe le reliquie storiche con un'interessante architettura coloniale. Sulla strada per il Grand Turk Lighthouse all'estremità settentrionale dell'isola, passa Crabtree Park e North Creek. Prendi una lezione di storia nell'industria del sale un tempo in forte espansione del Grand Turk mentre passi attraverso le saline naturali, conosciute come "saline". Risalente al 1600, questi stagni salati erano un tempo la linfa vitale delle isole e ora ospitano fenicotteri e altri uccelli tropicali. Dopo aver fatto il pieno di attrazioni locali e storia, il tour termina alla stazione del tram.
Very good guide, fun and full of information. We fed wild donkeys, stopped at a very small town that had unique items for sale and great food. WE saw salt flats and many more interesting sites. Tour was just the right amount of time and gave us a chance to go to the beautiful beach and shops near the ship.
Nice way to see the little island - donkeys and dogs everywhere.
Our tour guide was very nice but sadly the microphone on the tram was not working even though he tried several times so it was basically a drive around the island.
We did this tour back in January. I was expecting a Tram ride but instead it was a bus. The air conditioner was broken on the bus after the hurricane from Sept. This was our first time to the island so be decided on this excursion to get an over view. It gave a perspective of the island and that was what we were looking for. I am not sure if I would do this a second time. Our guide/driver was Tracey. He was funny and was very knowledgeable of his island. When we got to the lighthouse, we saw donkeys. They would come up to you looking for food and water. They even will drink from a water bottle as our driver demonstrated to us was cool.
Even thou this excursion does not include the beach, you will want to bring your suit along. After the excursion is done, you come back right to the beach it will be worth it. Don't plan to get back on your ship to get your suit as we did. The line on the pier was so long to get back on the ship we could not do it it was not a long stay in port. The excursion its self did not take the 3 hours as advertised maybe just over 2 hours. It took a long time to wait till the bus was loaded before we left maybe an hour. So be on time to your time slot for you hold everyone up. The bus is loaded just outside of the ports parking area on the right side.
Really enjoyed the tour. Great facts to learn about the island. Great guide.
We went on the open air tram tour of the island. It would have been great if we had been able to hear any of the drivers tour. The speakers werent working in the trams and he told us he was sorry but they just hadnt been able to get them fixed. He told us They knew they werent working and it would be hard to hear if not impossible and he would try and talk loud. No one on the tour except those in the first tram were able to hear anything about the island or what we were seeing. Between the distance from the driver to the back of the tram and the loudness of the Diesel engines, it was impossible to get anything out of this trip. I was very disappointed in this excursion because I love to hear the history about the places I am visiting.
Difficult to find, My mother in Law could not walk on the beach so we followed the road and found a tram right outside the cruise port gate. It was obvious they were not expecting customers outside of their beach tent but they were gracious and let us stay in the shade of the Tram. I understand that they were using borrowed trams but the sound system was poor especially in the back and the tram had a maximum speed of 20mph. Its a shame the lighthouse now costs money to enter, I only saw a few participants go in. I'm sorry I did not go in the museum which I hear is one of the more interesting spots on the island. The damage to the homes was very sad.
It was difficult to locate tour, then we had a long long walk to tram, the speaker system went out so we knew nothing of what we were seeing. A wasted tour.
Our group enjoyed this tour very much, due in large part to our guide, Tracey, who made the best of a difficult situation - the result of hurricane damage. He his very knowledgeable and has a great personality.
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The earth appears to be unique in our solar system in that it contains an enormous amount of water (70% of its surface), and that water has existed in a form not too different from its present state for billions of years.
What makes the earth different from the other planets?
How did the earth acquire such a large amount of water in the first place?
Once acquired, how was it retained?
The first question has to do with how the earth was formed and the second involves the evolution of the earth and its atmosphere. The most recent theories of planet formation describe the process of planet formation as having two steps.
First, gravitational collapse takes place forming small asteroid like bodies some as large as 1/500 of the mass of the earth. The planetesimals begin to collide and form the larger bodies of the planets. The rain of bodies on the surface of the earth generates large amounts of heat, enough to cause the heavier elements, such as iron to migrate to the centre.
A second factor has to do with the fact that when a meteor hits anything, some of it sticks and some is scattered back into space by the impact. The lower the density of the material, the more likely it is to escape. In the early stages, the earth collects heavier stuff more easily, leaving lighter stuff such as silicon and water still in orbit about the sun.
As the earth gets bigger, however, it more effectively traps the lighter material during the latter stages of planet formation.
The formation of the earth probably took a few hundred million years to be completed. That is to be compared with the time of about 3.5 billion years since the earth has developed a solid crust. About the time the earth was formed, the sun became large enough that the fusion reactions in the sun ignited.
This didn't happen smoothly, but likely in sputtering way for a while. Each flaring up of the sun sent streams of particles sweeping out. If the earth had an atmosphere at this time, it would have been blown off leaving the earth as a rock with neither air nor water on its surface. In fact, after the sun stabilized, the earth went through a process of releasing gases from its interior in a process called degassing.
Over a relatively short time, something like a 100 million years, enough material had been released to form the oceans and to give the earth an atmosphere.
There was no free oxygen in the atmosphere at this time, but it was a collection of gases, largely ammonia, methane and carbon dioxide, held to the earth by gravitational attraction. Fortunately, early in its history, the temperature of the earth dropped below 212 degrees Fahrenheit, and the water condensed into the oceans we know today.
In fact, the mass of water present in the oceans, now about 10(24) grams, is about the same as the mass of water that was contained in the crust when the degassing process started.
We can estimate the rate at which water is being lost today by estimating the rate at which water molecules in the atmosphere are dissociated into its constituent hydrogen and oxygen.
The hydrogen is light enough that it easily moves off into space. The net effect of hydrogen loss decreases the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere. A good estimate is that 5x10(11) grams are lost this way each year.
his amounts to a volume of a cube about 100 yards on a side. The total water lost to space since the beginning of the earth thus amounts to about 2x10(21) grams, about 0.2 percent of the water in the oceans.
This means that most of the water you see on the earth was the very same stuff that degassed from the crust when the earth was only a few hundred million years old.
Fortunately, the water lost to space is replaced by the same geologic processes that formed the oceans originally.
At the present time, about 70%of the surface of the earth is covered with water. The present coastlines are where they are because some of the water is locked up in the polar ice caps.
If the water locked up in polar ice were to completely melt, the oceans would rise about 73 metres above its present level.
Why is the water still here on the earth?
This is more difficult to answer. It has to do with the changing nature of the atmosphere due to evolution of life, specifically algae. The algae produced free oxygen by photosynthesis which destroyed ammonia and methane, so called greenhouse gases, just as the sun's luminosity was increasing by about twenty five percent.
If that hadn't happened the oceans would have boiled away long ago. In fact, we are the beneficiaries of an incredible balancing act which allowed just enough heat to escape from the earth to keep the oceans from boiling, but not so much as to cause the earth to freeze solid.
Water on Other Planets or Moons in the Solar System?
Water in its various forms pervades the solar system, from traces of water vapour on the Sun itself to water ice in the likely composition of Pluto and the Kuiper Belt objects beyond it. However, large amounts of liquid water are not clearly seen elsewhere in the solar system at the surface.
But in recent years, NASA spacecraft have found evidence that liquid water may persist below the dry surface of Mars and the icy surfaces of three large moons circling Jupiter.
In the 1970s, three Mars orbiters sent back images that revealed landscape shapes apparently formed by flowing water in the distant past. NASA's Mariner 9, Viking 1 and Viking 2 spacecraft showed us Martian channels carved as if by rivers and out-wash plains scoured as if by floods.
Geologists estimate that very heavy flows, equal to thousands of Mississippi Rivers, would have been necessary to shape some of the surface features on Mars. Yet Mars' atmosphere is too thin and cold for water to remain liquid at the surface.
Instead of melting, warmed water ice on Mars turns directly into vapor, the way carbon-dioxide "dry" ice does on Earth. To account for the signs of copious water flows in the past, scientists at first suggested that long ago Mars had a thicker atmosphere than it does now. allowing for liquid water on the surface.
Other scientists suggested that it was liquid carbon dioxide rather than water that have formed these features. A debris flow dominated by carbon dioxide would flow faster and farther than a water-based flow. Also, carbon dioxide is more volatile than water at lower temperatures, and the cold temperatures found on Mars would mean that less carbon dioxide- based magma would be required to produce the observed erosion than magma containing mainly water.
There is now very clear evidence of erosion in many places on Mars including large floods and small river systems. There must have been some sort of fluid on the surface. Liquid water is the obvious fluid but other possibilities exist.
Recent Mars data suggests that large lakes or even oceans were once present on Mars. The images of layered terrain taken by Mars Global Surveyor and the mineralology results from MER Opportunity clearly suggest lakes of oceans. These data suggest wet episodes that occurred only briefly and very long ago; the age of the erosion channels is estimated at about nearly 4 billion years.
Images from Mars Express released in early 2005 show what appears to be a frozen sea that was liquid very recently (maybe 5 million years ago). This still needs to be confirmed. Perhaps early in its history, Mars was much more like Earth.
As with Earth almost all of its carbon dioxide was used up to form carbonate rocks. But lacking the Earth's plate tectonics, Mars is unable to recycle any of this carbon dioxide back into its atmosphere and so cannot sustain a significant greenhouse effect. The surface of Mars is therefore much colder than the Earth would be at that distance from the Sun. Mars has a very thin atmosphere composed mostly of the tiny amount of remaining carbon dioxide (95.3%) plus nitrogen (2.7%), argon (1.6%) and traces of oxygen (0.15%) and water (0.03%). The average pressure on the surface of Mars is only about 7 millibars (less than 1% of Earth's), but it varies greatly with altitude from almost 9 millibars in the deepest basins to about 1 millibar at the top of Olympus Mons. But it is thick enough to support very strong winds and vast dust storms that on occasion engulf the entire planet for months. Mars' thin atmosphere produces a greenhouse effect but it is only enough to raise the surface temperature by 5 degrees (K); much less than what we see on Venus and Earth.
Early telescopic observations revealed that Mars has permanent ice caps at both poles; they're visible even with a small telescope. We now know that they're composed of water ice and solid carbon dioxide ("dry ice"). The ice caps exhibit a layered structure with alternating layers of ice with varying concentrations of dark dust. In the northern summer the carbon dioxide completely sublimes, leaving a residual layer of water ice.
ESA's Mars Express has shown that a similar layer of water ice exists below the southern cap as well. The mechanism responsible for the layering is unknown but may be due to climatic changes related to long-term changes in the inclination of Mars' equator to the plane of its orbit. There may also be water ice hidden below the surface at lower latitudes. The seasonal changes in the extent of the polar caps change the global atmospheric pressure by about 25% (as measured at the Viking lander sites).
Plenty of frozen water may persists in permafrost layers underground, near the surface at the poles, and also buried at lower latitudes. If some underground areas are warm, they might even hold liquid water in the pores between grains of rock.
The discovery of signs of liquid water near the surface of Mars in the past and perhaps underground suggests that Mars has the precursors for life: carbon, certain minerals, liquid water and energy. The question remains, however, as to whether the presence of all of those ingredients - most importantly water, under similar conditions would lead to life on Mars or any other planet. The question whether life existed on Mars or is perhaps still there remains to be answered.
Liquid water may also be present on Europa, one of Jupiter's four major moons. Europa is covered by a thick layer of ice. But the gravity of giant Jupiter exerts tidal tugging that warms Europa's insides, possibly enough to keep a layer of water melted under its frozen surface.
Water clues appeared in pictures taken by NASA's Galileo spacecraft in 1996 as it orbited Jupiter. The pictures supported earlier theories about a hidden Europan ocean.
On some parts of Europa's surface, for example, blocks of ice appear to have broken apart and rearranged themselves as if by floating, like Arctic ice floes, on a fluid underlayer.
Europa's fractured surface shows signs of liquid water, ice or slush. Galileo's magnetometer instrument has sent home the strongest indication that a layer of saltwater remains melted under Europa's crust today. As Europa moves through different parts of Jupiter's strong magnetic field, its own weaker magnetic field changes direction, indicating that the moon has a layer of electrically conducting material.
Since ice would not conduct electricity well enough, saltwater is the best candidate. Similar magnetic evidence from Galileo indicates that two of Jupiter's other large moons, Ganymede and Callisto, may have liquid saltwater layers, too.
Earth's own Moon divulged no trace of water to NASA astronauts who explored six landing sites more than 25 years ago. But all those sites were far from the poles.
In the 1990s, the Clementine and Lunar Prospector robotic spacecraft each found indications that the Moon may hold supplies of water ice in permanently shaded areas near its poles.
Like the water ice on Mars, those supplies could become useful for future exploration.
Water is not only a vital resource in itself, but it can also be split into oxygen and hydrogen for breathing and for rocket fuel for return trips or journeys beyond the Moon.
Comets may possibly be a water supply to the planets. Comets are largely ice, and they have been colliding into the Earth, the Moon and the rest of the solar system for billions of years.
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You are an emergency department registered nurse at a large university hospital. You have just finished successfully resuscitating a 48 year old man who was brought to you after having chest pain and collapsing at home. He arrived in ventricular fibrillation but after an extensive resuscitation is currently in sinus tachycardia with a blood pressure of 102/70. He currently requires no vasopressor medications to maintain his blood pressure. He remains unresponsive despite being normotensive and having normal blood glucose.
Because he remains unresponsive you would expect to prepare for what intervention?
Although you have gotten the patient a bed in the coronary care unit, he will most likely go where prior to the coronary care unit?
Patient age greater than 70 years.
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A question I received: What do you mean when you say “the new generation”?
My Answer: The new generation is the next level of humanity’s development. It is when humanity will transition from the animate, egoistic, or instinctive level, where we try to regulate our instinctive, animate, egoistic desires lest we eat each other alive (and by the way, this is what we call human society, or our civilization). We will transition from this to a civilization where everything will be regulated by love for one’s neighbor.
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What do you do for lunch on a typical day?
Then all you need to do is combine the soy sauce and miso into a paste to coat the salmon, and grill the salmon for 2-3 minutes on each side. Then toss all of the ingredients together into a bowl, and you have a delicious salad that serves four.
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(CNN) -- President Obama on Saturday linked the man accused in a botched Christmas Day airline bombing to an al Qaeda affiliate based in Yemen.
The president pledged that everyone involved in the attack would be held accountable. He also highlighted his administration's attempts to crack down on extremist enclaves in Yemen, and reiterated his longstanding promise to "disrupt, dismantle and defeat" al Qaeda.
Obama has been criticized by some political opponents for not responding more aggressively to a botched December 25 attempt to blow up a Northwest Airlines passenger jet en route from Amsterdam, Netherlands, to Detroit, Michigan.
Umar Farouk AbdulMutallab is accused of trying to ignite explosives smuggled aboard the plane in his underwear. Obama confirmed Saturday that AbdulMutallab, 23, recently traveled to Yemen and "it appears that he joined an affiliate of al Qaeda."
Michael Leiter, director of the National Counterterrorism Center, said the attempted attack is a stark reminder of the threats the United States is still facing more than eight years after the September 11, 2001, attacks.
"While this attempt ended in failure, we know with absolute certainty that [al Qaeda] and those who support its ideology continue to refine their methods to test our defenses and pursue an attack on the homeland," Leiter said in a statement Saturday.
The group, al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, apparently trained AbdulMutallab, "equipped him with ... explosives and directed him to attack that plane headed for America," Obama said.
"This is not the first time this group has targeted us," Obama said. "They have bombed Yemeni government facilities and Western hotels, restaurants and embassies, including our embassy in 2008.
Gen. David Petraeus, head of the U.S. Central Command, met with Yemeni President Ali Abdullah Saleh on Saturday in Yemen, according to a senior U.S. government source.
During the meeting, the source said, Saleh expressed his appreciation for U.S. help fighting extremists.
Saleh also offered more support for U.S. counterterrorism strikes and said he would continue providing assistance for the U.S. investigation into the attempted airline bombing.
Obama promised that "all those involved in the attempted act of terrorism on Christmas must know you, too, will be held to account," Obama said.
"Our nation is at war against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred, and ... we will do whatever it takes to defeat them and defend our country."
Obama, on vacation with his family in Hawaii, spoke with Homeland Security Assistant John Brennan on Thursday to review preliminary assessments of the federal government's inability to prevent the attempted airline attack.
AbdulMutallab had a valid, two-year, multiple-entry visa into the United States, despite the fact that his father had twice spoken to at least one representative of the CIA at the U.S. Embassy in Nigeria about his son's increasingly extremist views.
A report detailing that information was prepared but not circulated outside the agency, a source told CNN. Had that information been shared, AbdulMutallab might have been denied access to the flight, the source said.
The State Department announced Thursday it was directing American embassies around the world to include information on whether a person has a U.S. visa when they send special cables to Washington containing information on potentially suspicious individuals.
Obama also recently spoke with Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano to receive an update on a federal review of "detection capabilities and ... enhanced security measures" put in place since the attempted bombing.
A new Transportation Security Administration directive requires airlines to physically pat down all passengers boarding planes bound for the United States and inspect their carry-on bags.
The directive also gives airlines the discretion to take other measures to prevent people from secretly assembling or igniting bombs on aircraft. Those measures include prohibiting people from keeping pillows or blankets on their laps during the final hour of a flight.
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Anarchists. Proponents of the doctrine that rejects the state, private property, law, and external coercion. Anarchists in Ukraine were connected with various trends of Russian anarchism: anarcho-communism, anarcho-syndicalism, and anarcho-individualism. None of these movements had their beginnings in Ukraine, but were imported from Russia. The first groups of anarcho-communists were formed among Odesa workers at the end of the 19th century under the influence of the ideas of the Russian anarchist Prince Petr Kropotkin. Some of these groups were suppressed by the police in 1902, and some disintegrated. After the Revolution of 1905 the anarchists stepped up their activity. They disseminated their propaganda, staged terrorist actions, and extorted state and private money, particularly in Odesa. In 1905–6 the anarcho-syndicalists attempted to form an organization in Kharkiv, but failed. Because of police infiltration and banditry, most of the anarchist groups disappeared by the end of 1907. In Odesa and Katerynoslav, where anarchist cells survived until 1908, many anarchists were punished by death.
In 1917 anarchist groups of different tendencies reappeared in a number of Ukrainian cities. At first they usually supported the Bolsheviks, but at times also opposed them. In Kyiv O. Feofilaktov revived an anarcho-communist group that had been suppressed in 1910. (For some time he had co-operated with Georgii Piatakov, the leader of the Kyiv Bolsheviks.) According to computations based on the anarchist press, there were various kinds of anarchist groups in about 25 cities and villages in Ukraine prior to the Revolution of 1917. The largest centers of anarchism were Katerynoslav, Kharkiv, Odesa, and Kyiv. The members of these groups were Russians, Russified Ukrainians, and, to a large extent, Jews. Although an attempt was made in 1914 to set up a Ukrainian anarchist cell, it failed. In general the attitude of the anarchists in Ukraine towards the nationality question, specifically towards the Ukrainian question, was indifferent or negative, since they regarded nationalism as an essentially bourgeois ideology. In the spring of 1918 many detachments of anarchists, which became notorious for the looting of towns, retreated with the Red Army from Ukraine, mostly from the Donets Basin. At this time the Bolsheviks turned on the anarchists and disarmed them. Anarchists from Ukraine participated in organizing the assassination of the Moscow Committee of the Russian Communist party in September 1919 and were liquidated by the Cheka.
The Moscow anarchist group associated with the paper Nabat moved its operations to Ukraine in 1918 because of the increasing power of the Bolsheviks in Russia and the spreading peasant revolts against the Hetman government in Ukraine (see Partisan movement in Ukraine, 1918–22). There it established ties with Nestor Makhno. The group's leader was V. Eikhenbaum. In 1918–21 some of the peasant movements in Ukraine were led by anarchists, the most famous of which was Makhno's faction. The program of the Makhno movement was articulated by Russian anarchists; it consisted of an amorphous blend of anarcho-syndicalist ideas and slogans that appealed to the discontented peasantry—the will of the people, soviets without Communists, land distribution by local authorities, the free exchange of goods—and was directed against the agricultural communes, grain procurement and confiscation, and the Cheka terror. At Makhno's headquarters in Huliai-Pole near Zaporizhia there was a ‘free people's soviet.’ Its propagandists, including V. Volin, N. Popov, and P. Marin-Arshinov, published the anarchist periodicals Put’ k svobode and Nabat as well as various pamphlets and leaflets. Anarchists, as well as leftist Socialist Revolutionaries, were among Nykyfor Hryhoriv's followers. They also served in the larger detachments of the Makhno movement as political officers.
Although anarchist propaganda in Ukraine paid little attention to the Ukrainian question, a potentially serious rift over the theory and practice of anarchism began to appear in the last years of the revolution between the Russian and Jewish urban anarchists and the Ukrainian peasant masses, who constituted the overwhelming majority of the Makhno movement and whose views were defended by Nestor Makhno himself. When the New Economic Policy was introduced and the Soviet attitude towards the peasants became more moderate in 1921, the remnants of the Makhno movement were eliminated. The last organized expression of anarchism in Ukraine was the Workers' Opposition that emerged in the Bolshevik party in 1920 and was led by A. Shliapnikov, S. Medvedev, and A. Kollontai. After the Workers' Opposition, which was described as ‘an anti-Party anarcho-syndicalist group,’ had been defeated at the Moscow Congress in 1921, some of its members joined the Trotskyists (see Leon Trotsky) and were later liquidated with them during Joseph Stalin's Great Purge.
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Training with weights can be excellent for your health and physical condition, whether you are just a gym goer on the weekends or a serious bodybuilder. However, weight lifting is a lot like technology in the sense that it can be good and bad. This statement pertains to the obvious benefits and good that can come out of strength training, but keep in mind that it can be bad if done with bad posture/form and improper nutrition.
How can chiropractic help me in the gym with my strength training regiment? The answer is that spinal health goes a long way and is an important cog (if not the most important) in determining athletic success. If one has a healthy spine, and a nervous system functioning without interference, muscle function and efficiency are at their peak operating potential. On the flip side, the absence of a healthy spine and nervous system, adaptation to exercise cannot occur to its full potential. In addition to this, the body becomes more susceptible to injuries and illness, which will slow down your progress in the gym.
Chiropractic can be used both as preventative care and as treatment that can be used for existing injuries. The adjustments work on the alignment of your spine, which works with the nervous system. Therapies, such as muscle stimulation, massage, physical therapy, and ultrasound will work on the muscles which surround the spine and the joints of the extremities. It is a common belief that chiropractors only work on the neck and the back/spine, but it is important to realize that chiropractors also work on other areas of the spine such as shoulders, knees, ankles, and most other extremities. This enables chiropractors to effect the entire body and heal as fast as possible.
It is important for everyone to be living a healthy lifestyle, which includes proper nutrition, cardio and weight lifting workouts. When doing any/all of these, it is important to stay under chiropractic care in order to keep your body running like a fine tuned machine, keeping your nervous system free of interference.
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Factor 2: scientific evidence of its pharmacological effect, if known.
In the study, it is duly noted that there are over 25 alkaloids found in kratom. Alkoloids have been found to be very therapuetic and used to treat depression.
Over 40 different constituents have been isolated from kratom (EMCDDA 2015; Gogineni et al. 2015), and kratom leaves have been found to contain over 25 alkaloids (Tanguay 2011; Hassan et al. 2013).
It is no mystery that Mitragynine (MG) and 7-hydroxymitragynine (7-OH-MG) are the primary active alkaloids of kratom.
The alkaloids MG and 7-OH-MG are believed to be the primary active alkaloids in the plant (Tanguay 2011; Warner et al. 2016).
As noted previously, kratom is found to be safe because it produces very little, if any, respiratory depression. This is a key element in understanding how humans process kratom, and how it differs from other opioids.
MG was found to produce markedly less respiratory depression than codeine (Macko et al. 1972).
And lastly, the study made several mentions that 7-OH-MG alkoloid is similar in potency to morphine, however this study concluded that this reference was NOT the finding.
Although MG (Warner et al. 2016; Hassan et al. 2013) and sometimes 7-OH-MG (Matsumoto et al. 2006) have been reported as 13 times more potent than morphine, many of the references used to support this figure appear to not actually report this finding.
In summary, that although alkoloids were were present in kratom, more research is needed to truly understand how they interact with one another. Observable effects are seemingly more accurate and should be used as only a guide.
Taken together, although progress has been made in understanding the pharmacology of kratom and MG and 7-OH-MG in particular, more research is needed to fully characterize the mechanisms of action that contribute to a novel profile of some opioid- like and stimulant-like effects that may be important in the consumption of kratom products. In the absence of clarity about the pharmacological mode of action, observed effects are the most reliable guide to the impact of kratom.
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Where can I inquire about performing in a piano recital?
I'm not entirely certain I understand your question, but I recommend you contact me through my Contact page to discuss your idea further. I usually perform my recitals as a soloist or with my piano duo partner Liz, but I'm always open to awesome ideas regarding collaboration.
Similarly, if you are interested in booking a concert, please contact my management via the Contact page.
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Create a set of these things you need on your own wedding, also list each thing by level of relevance. Some people set a increased importance on the blossoms on the cake, or believe the visitor checklist not as applicable compared to the venue. By producing a budget according to your priorities, you’re able to lead the correct sum of income to everything you really need to get a really good ideal day.
For any stylish and trend forwards bride, there’s definitely the choice to bring some flare into a fragrance having a dab of diamonds, rhinestones or Swarovski stone. You certainly can achieve this by employing any crystals, costume jewellery, and perhaps even a heirloom item. Use stones which are about the identical cut, dimensions, and color as those on your outfit to ensure coordination.
Transport is some thing you need to consider for the wedding. For those who have individuals who need to get house right after the reception, possess clocks prepared to attract them. In addition, this is beneficial for anyone who’s alcohol at the wedding.
Whenever you’re intending your wedding remember people will need to acquire from your site straight back for their hotel. If you have those who need to find house immediately after the reception, have reluctantly prepared to attract them. Additionally, this is beneficial for anyone who was simply drinking in the reception.
Do not starve your self just to squeeze into the wedding apparel you want. Otherwise, you might wind up staying dried and perhaps even light-headed. Passing out in the Museum while in the center of exchanging vows? Perhaps not just a pleasant thought. A excellent idea will be to obtain yourself a dress that features a corset again ; this wayyou are able to ensure that it remains out or get off it onto your wedding day.
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Cezanne's development from Impressionism could be described as a shift from fiction to fact. New paint tubes and a range of newly synthesised paints afforded painters opportunities to work on portable scales with more immediacy. It is usually presented historically as a desire to catch fleeting glimpses of reality or the effects of sunlight, yet it is probably more to do with a desire to get at the materiality in a more vital way than merely making paint / colour serve pictorial atmosphere. The later breakthrough of Cezanne - with time as breathing space is always needed to digest developments - meant a re-evaluating of painting's potential and a different viewfinder to judge painting's past. 40 years after Cezanne's last paintings were made Matisse produced a series of upright easel paintings, that summed up his endeavours over these 40 years or more; apart for a few - quite amazing- examples , after this point, he never returned to easel painting, preferring to work on the cut-outs and architectural commissions .
One could say also that his perception of space had moved from a condensation of the senses to a new kind of 'atmosphere', yet one that did not rely on localised effects (which are driven by tonal vales rather than colour ones).
The work had been done as far as he was concerned , the prize claimed for easel painting - figurative easel painting (with - well-digested - hindsight). The prize: colour was now able to create a luminosity through the sum of its forces that equalled the luminosity we feel through all sight - You could say he finally saw the light. Before Matisse any kind of luminosity was merely an effect, created through localised - atmospheric- colour perceptions.
If we examine his colour further in these last works, we can see that the hard yards were won through drawing (Matisse never separated these disciplines or even saw them as separate). His handling of oil paint by now was consummate; drawing never gave over to gesture, yet also was not inhibited by any academic system, or stylised technique. Matisse was also never a 'hit and hope' painter; the colours are particular and not subject to chance (with Courbet's dictum ringing in his ears - a masterpiece is one that can be painted over and over again) To sharpen this point, he discusses his early fauvist works as subject to emotional nervousness - something once identified, was methodically removed from his art, much in the same way as one would put a cat outside, when it becomes a bit of a nuisance. This nervousness would return though in the form of a more subjugated energy, an electricity that would course through his numerous attacks on a painting, though these attacks were now allied with strategy and a higher purpose for colour. Colour became a light generator rather than a light reflector. He realised by seeing colours as forces , they could be organised to create a resultant force which would create this unified luminous surface.
That was over 60 years ago. A time frame that separated Courbet from Cezanne or Cezanne from Matisse. From Matisse onwards painting has gone through many upheavals. Abstract art , so often seen as the territory of the most advanced art has probably seen the most diverse twists and turns in its development . Yet I wonder if it now commands attention more for its potential rather than its successes. It may be part of a quiet erosion of our visual sensibilities for it now feels hysterical rather than urgent. Viewed much in the same way as the protesters at St. Paul's. We acknowledge that something is wrong but have as yet not been presented with a solution that seems viable.
The problems facing painting have - to my mind at least - never changed since Matisse's time. In fact I have yet to see work that meets the challenge of luminosity, spatial invention and surface control all in one hit in the way that his work did.
Much 'new' abstraction seems to be more akin to academic abstract expressionism dependent on tonal value rather than colour, or heavy leaden surfaces that feel like boulders of colour , slabbed on with graceless abandon. Hog hair brushes or palette knives wristily carve up paint , or squeegees do what..squeegees do. Surfaces don't sparkle, they have the dull sheen of acrylic and the watery uncertainty of soupy colour schemes. More often than not they hedge their bets and rely on a tasteful artiness to see them home in some shape or other as a realised painting - so heavily dependant on context that they appeal to fewer and fewer , well educated, knowing apologists or drift aimlessly into the world of figuration with cheesy references to objects, people or places - back to localised atmosphere and kitsch subject matter as irony becomes their refuge.
The art world has always been and always will be decadent - merely a frond on society's fern. Until we solve our sociological problems we will not have a home for advanced painting that amounts to anything more than a tent in Paternoster square.
It is therefore a timely event to see a Richter show at the Tate. As here is an artist prompted as an advanced, heavyweight painter . I have not much to say about the work other than that which is implied through the above comments. All I would add though is that I do not believe the paintings would not have been shown if he had not made the photo-paintings - the whole canon being a curator's dream: manageable, cohesive and even. The abstract work would remain in its tent; another shout in an room that doesn't echo.
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Is your adventure story worth telling? An adventure travel blog may be a path to make money and travel.
Travel blogging is one way to make money while you travel.
Building a blog, and more importantly a mass of loyal followers or random visitors, allows you to monetize your adventures through a variety of potential income streams, including advertising, product sales, affiliate sales, services sales, and more.
However, becoming a successful travel blogger often means lots of long and lonely nights hunched over your laptop.
Not to mention, travel blogging with the intention of earning money is a pretty competitive space.
For certain, there are adventure travel bloggers earning six figure incomes.
However, even popular adventure travel blogs can earn a meager income.
So be prepared for lots of hard work and the modest financial return on time invested.
However, travel blogging isn’t all about making money.
I’m not talking about the value in cataloging your trips for posterity.
Travel blogging may not only make you some spending money, but also it can reduce your travel costs, thus slowing the burn by both increasing income and decreasing expenses.
With regards to money savings, I’m talking about the opportunity for popular travel bloggers to get swag and discounts from brands, destinations, and potential sponsors that want to associate with you and reach your audience.
These perks can mean big savings.
If you think you’ve got a knack for travel blogging and the passion to give it a go, here are some steps to get rolling.
As soon as you finish reading this article, set up your blog and start writing.
If you don’t know anything about blogging, head over to WordPress.org, setup a free account, and start dabbling in the WordPress authoring interface.
Find a basic theme that will work for you. Keep it simple to start, but make sure that the theme is a responsive design, meaning it will cleanly accommodate desktop, tablet, and mobile device screen size.
There’s no need for a self-hosted blog yet. You can always migrated to a self hosted option.
Just start getting used to the interface and publish your first article.
Publish an article on anything. It doesn’t matter. Yes, it will probably be a throw away, but you need to start building some writing momentum.
You will need to start understanding your content, writing process and style, site design, and nascent audience.
There is a lot to learn, and the best way will be to start writing and start reading articles all over the web about travel blogging.
It won’t hurt to learn some front-end programming languages. A heck of a lot can be done to a website with some minimal HTML and CSS skills, especially if you are just modifying an existing blog theme or hacking some content in the Rich Text Editor.
There are a lot of travel bloggers out there, and a lot of them post general information that tries to cater to everyone who may come across the site.
This may seem like a good idea, but it’s way too easy for these blogs to get lost amidst all the other blogs that put out really similar and perhaps better content.
For your blog, try to break the mold and put out content related to a specific niche.
Are you a traveler on a mission to visit every castle in Europe? A father bringing his whole family on cross-country RV trip to visit every US state? Do you want to experience the nightlife of every country in Asia?
Don’t be general, develop a niche and stay focused.
Write for the niche audience and build trust with the reader.
The followers will come, probably slowly but surely if you keep at it.
The other benefit of the niche is that it provides more targeted opportunities for monetization.
Remember, fewer visitors will not necessarily mean less money through monetization efforts.
If you visitors are highly targeted and highly valuable to some set of businesses, you can earn a lot from a small, targeted, valuable niche.
Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Pinterest are great options for low cost opportunities to get the word out about your blog.
In the early days, you’ll probably have to use your existing friend networks to leverage some social lift.
Don’t expect viral posts and massive engagement in the early days, but keep it going.
Attempt to build loyal readers who will regularly check in on your content or give you their email address to receive updates.
You’ll want to start building relationships with other bloggers or websites in your niche or a related niche who can share your content on social, expanding your reach.
Be sure to reciprocate any requests you make for social shares. Blogging is very much a world of give and take.
Also, be sure you are using pictures with your blogs and social posts.
Images increase social media engagement. Check the facts through some of my social media marketing research.
While your primary motivation in the early days should be to write great content and build reader trust, you should start exploring some opportunities for monetization.
I would suggest you delay plastering adds all over your website.
Display ads through Google Adwords or other services can send a negative message to readers, especially if display ads are irrelevant or dominant.
However, there may be options to display relevant ads and links through affiliate marketing platforms, like AvantLink.com.
Affiliate marketing links, in which you get paid commission for sending a user to a website who then makes a purchase, require little effort to set up and are minimally intrusive to the user.
Affiliate marketing is rarely a method by which to make a substantial income, especially on a low traffic, early stage blog.
However, if you see a few dollars trickle into your bank account, then you will likely have greater motivation to keep writing.
Explore other monetization paths as appropriate, starting with those that require less upfront effort from you, such as selling drop shipped products or selling other people’s digital products.
Several adventure travel bloggers I’ve met appear to do well selling services, such as coaching services to would be adventurers, soliciting for paid speaking engagements, or providing website design and development services.
Services require little upfront effort, aside from creating some marketing copy and a webpage to advertise the service.
Try advertising, if you’d like, through an ad network like Google Adwords.
If you’re a salesperson, try to directly sell a sponsor on an advertising package.
Explore lots of monetization options, and start to realize which ones will work for you.
For those options that work, develop them into offerings that are more valuable for customers and more profitable to you..
For those that don’t work, set them aside for the time being, but always revisit them as your adventure travel blog develops and your audiences changes.
Be Patient. Adventure Travel Blogging Success Takes Time.
This is arguably the most important tip.
It’s also the primary reason that, for those adventures who need to make money right away to support their travel, we don’t encourage them to pursue travel blogging.
Don’t expect success to happen overnight. You have to work hard, write well, and market well for a while in order to build your audience.
Then, you have to work hard to monetize, especially if you’re building relationships with potential advertisers and sponsors.
However, if you want it, stick with it. Hone your writing and sharpen your niche, build the audience, make money.
At some point, depending on your lifestyle and adventure travel burn rate, you may be able to cover your adventure travel lifestyle through travel blogging.
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When your skin seems to react to even the most basic products, where do you start?!
With the plethora of products out there promising to brighten, lighten, firm, tone and turn back time, it can be difficult enough finding a skincare regime that suits. Add sensitivity into the mix, and it’s an even more daunting task.
As sensitive skin is reactive to external irritants, it’s important to choose hermetic (airtight) packaging, with protective valves to avoid external contamination or oxidation.
One way to be sure of your tolerance to a product is to test it out. Apply a small amount to your forearm. If after 48hrs there is no redness or sign of irritation, try the product on your face.
A long, hot shower might be heavenly, but it really does wreak havoc on the skin. Hot water triggers histamine release, setting off a chain reaction of irritation.
Try to restrict your shower time, and keep water lukewarm. Soaps can also strip the skin’s protective barrier, so opt for a micellar water or gentle cleansing milk for the face, and a soap-free, pH balanced body wash.
A smart option is mineral make-up, as it is more respectful of the skin and typically free of irritants.
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A wartime photo interpreter/interrogator closes a credibility gap.
Let us begin with the moral of this anecdote. In debriefing an informant, no matter how good his credentials or how high the quality of the information he has provided, one must always take care lest he prove unreliable on some one point, possibly of little significance, for some obscure reason.
During World War 11 the British had a small military mission in Kunming, China. One of its functions was to serve as operational headquarters for a group of native Thai and Chinese agents, dispatching them on missions into Japanese-semioccupied Thailand and debriefing them on return. Because aerial photographs were helpful in these debriefings and all aerial photography of Thailand was done by the 14th USAAF, the British having none of their own, they often invited 14th Air Force to send a representative with photographs to participate in the questioning. I usually managed to serve as the 14th's representative myself: I enjoyed the hospitality of the British, whose supply of alcohol, locally made, was unlimited and superior in quality to any we could find.
One day, about a year before the war ended, I received a phone call from the British mission asking me to drop by that afternoon with our large-scale aerial mosaic of Bangkok. The call came from an RAAF officer, one who had confided to me in private that he was the only gentleman in the mission; he had run a gambling house in Bangkok in civilian life. I inferred from his hints that he had in hand a source privy to much information that the Japanese considered highly classified.
On arrival I found that I had assessed his hints correctly. This was no ordinary agent he had, but a ranking officer of the Thai Air Force who had served as an ally of the Japanese. The colonel had left Bangkok a few weeks earlier, when he concluded that the Japanese had lost the war and he would do well to ingratiate himself with the winners. He had been practically hand-carried to Kunming by a British agent. He was a cultivated gentleman and spoke fluent English, so we had no language problem; as I recall he had taken at least a part of his advanced military training in Britain. By asking him to identify features on the Bangkok mosaic that we already knew about, I was able to test his veracity and knowledge of the military installations in and around the city. He was not accustomed to reading aerial photography, but he was a first-class source; after several years of wholehearted cooperation with the Japanese military he knew nearly as much about their Bangkok installations as they did.
I may as well admit at this point that the 14th Air Force never had any success against Bangkok targets. We could reach it only with our B-24s. We rarely had enough gasoline to send a group mission that distance, and when we did we preferred to use it against targets of a higher priority. Moreover, when we did attack Bangkok, it seemed the gremlins inevitably intervened and we sprayed bombs all over the city without hitting any military targets. This debriefing of mine was therefore on the futile side, but I did it conscientiously, with professional thoroughness. It went as well as it could possibly have until, methodically covering the mosaic, we came to the southern suburbs and to a petroleum refinery there. When I asked the Thai its capacity and present output, he assured me that it was not in use and had never been occupied by the Japanese.
These assertions, made in the blandest tone and with no change in the manner of his discourse, were belied by the photographs before us, which showed the plant's chimneys smoking, railway cars on its siding, and what looked to be a tanker at a buoy on the river nearby. It was obvious to the least skilled photo interpreter that our informant was prevaricating, and it seemed important to find out why. I refrained from comment on his statement and moved to another part of the mosaic, and then to another. After a bit, I asked him where the warehouses were that the Japanese used to store the industrial alcohol they collected up-country and moved thru Bangkok in quantities, mainly to power their motor vehicles. His response was quick and detailed, and he volunteered that these warehouses would make excellent targets for the 14th, the first such suggestion he had offered. So his fib about the refinery on the other side of town could not be laid to general pyrophobia.
When I had finished with my questions, I paused for a moment and then observed that I had never seen Bangkok from the ground. It looked to be a beautiful city. I intended to visit it as a tourist when the war was over. The colonel's response was what I had hoped—a hearty and sincere invitation to stay with him any time I came to the Thai capital. I thanked him deeply; and then, as casually as I could manage, I asked him what part of the city he lived in.
A slim, brown finger came forward and a well-polished nail touched the mosaic for a moment and slowly withdrew. I looked where it had rested. There was a park-like estate with extensive lawn and gardens and a large mansion partially hidden in a grove of trees. It was so situated that the overs from any proper bomb run on the refinery would fall in his front garden if not on his front steps or the roof of his home.
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You have two jugs - a 5 Gallon jug and a 7 gallon jug, neither of which have markings on them. How can you get precisely 6 gallons?
First fill up the 5 gallon jug and pour it into the 7 gallon jug. Now there are exactly 5 gallons in the 7 gallon jug. Then fill the 5 gallon jug up again and pour as much as possible in the 7 gallon jug. Only 2 more gallons will fit in the 7 gallon jug so ther will be 3 gallons left in the 5 gallon jug. Next pour out the 7 gallon jug and pour the three gallons that are in the 5 gallon jug into the 7 gallon jug. There should now be 3 gallons in the 7 gallon jug. Now fill the 5 gallon jug up again and pour as much that will fit into the 7 gallon jug. Only 4 gallons will fit so there should be 1 gallon left in the 5 gallon jug. Again pour out the 7 gallon jug. Pour the 1 gallon the is in the 5 gallon jug into the 7 gallon jug. There should now be one gallon in the 7 gallon jug. Now fill up the 5 gallon jug and pour all of it in the 7 gallon jug. That plus the 1 gallon that is already in there equals to 6 gallon.
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Albert Alphonsus Ridge (October 31, 1898 – March 2, 1967) was a United States federal judge.
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Case citation is a system used by legal professionals to identify past court case decisions, either in series of books called reporters or law reports, or in a neutral style that identifies a decision regardless of where it is reported.
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This is a recipe I created from my brain. Use it or tweak it to make it your own!
Pour vegetable broth into a large pot; bring to a simmer over medium heat.
Melt 1/4 cup butter in a large saucepan over low heat; increase heat to medium. Add carrot; cook and stir until starting to soften, 3 to 5 minutes. Add onion, leek, celery, and garlic; cook and stir until onion is translucent, about 5 minutes. Add yellow squash and zucchini; cook for 2 minutes.
Pour carrot mixture into the vegetable broth. Keep broth simmering over low heat.
Melt remaining 1/4 cup butter in the saucepan. Cook and stir chanterelle mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, button mushrooms, and portobello mushroom in the hot butter until starting to soften, about 5 minutes. Sprinkle flour over mushroom mixture; stir until a paste forms, 2 to 3 minutes.
Stir mushroom and flour mixture into the vegetable broth. Pour in heavy cream; simmer until heated through, about 8 minutes. Season with cayenne, salt, and pepper. Garnish soup with chives.
Substitute veal or chicken broth for the vegetable broth if desired.
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What song do you think will be song of the summer?
10.) J. Cole - "Neighbors"
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0.968813 |
THE DOMINANT SECTOR of the Sri Lankan economy historically has been wet rice (paddy) cultivation. Its importance in ancient times is demonstrated by the extensive irrigation works constructed in the north-central region of the island in the first millennium A.D. In the thirteenth century, the civilization based on these reservoirs began to decline, and population shifted to the wet zone of the southern and southwestern areas, where irrigation was less necessary to grow rice. Cinnamon and other spices which were valuable in the European market became important export commodities in the sixteenth century, when Europeans, first the Portuguese and then the Dutch, established control over the coastal areas of the island.
Commercial agriculture came to dominate the economy during the British period (1796-1948). Extensive coffee plantations were established in the mid-nineteenth century. Coffee failed when a leaf disease ravaged it in the 1870s and 1880s, but it was quickly replaced by the important commercial crops of tea, rubber, and coconut. Although wet rice cultivation remained important, Sri Lanka had to import more than one-half of the rice it needed during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries because of the land and labor devoted to the commercial crops. At independence in 1948, almost all of the islands' foreign exchange earnings were derived from commercial agriculture.
The fundamental economic problem since the 1950s has been the declining terms of trade. The proceeds from the traditional agricultural exports of tea, rubber, and coconut have had less and less value in the international marketplace. Beginning in the early 1960s, governments responded by intervening directly in the largely free-market economy inherited from the colonial period. Imports and exports were tightly regulated, and the state sector was expanded, especially in manufacturing and transportation. This trend accelerated between 1970 and 1977, when a coalition headed by the Sri Lanka Freedom Party nationalized the larger plantations and imposed direct controls over internal trade.
The United National Party (UNP) contested the 1977 general election with a platform calling for less regulation of the economy. After its electoral victory, the new UNP government made some effort to dismantle the state sector in agriculture and manufacturing. At the same time, it encouraged private enterprise, welcomed foreign investment and slackened import controls. It also shifted spending away from subsidies and social welfare to investment in the nation's infrastructure, most notably a massive irrigation project, the Mahaweli Ganga Program, which was expected to make Sri Lanka self-sufficient in rice and generate enough hydroelectric power to fill the nation's requirements. These policies resulted in higher rates of economic growth in the late 1970s and early 1980s, but at the cost of a mounting external debt. Foreign aid from the United States, Western Europe, Japan, and international organizations kept the economy afloat.
Sri Lanka's economy became more diverse in the 1970s and 1980s, and in 1986 textiles surpassed tea for the first time as the country's single largest export. Nonetheless, the performance of the traditional agricultural exports remained essential to the country's economic health. Other important sources of foreign exchange included remittances from Sri Lankans working overseas, foreign aid, and tourism.
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Android developers had a busy year in 2014.
The number of apps in the Google Play Store grew by more than 50% last year, outpacing Apple's App Store for the first time, according to a new report.
The latest numbers come from appFigures, an analytics service that monitors data from the thousands of apps that use its platform. The report noted that all three app stores it looked at — Android, iOS and Amazon's Appstore — saw a large amount of growth, but Google saw significantly more than the other two.
"What’s interesting is that although Apple continues to grow strongly, it’s really Google Play that’s growing," the company wrote. "In 2014, the number of apps distributed through Google Play has doubled."
Analytics company App Annie, which tracks app store data from Google Play and Apple's App Store confirmed withMashable that Google Play does indeed have more apps than the iOS App Store.
As of this writing, Google Play had nearly 300,000 more apps than the iOS App Store — a difference of about 17% — according to the company.
appFigures doesn't speculate about the reason behind these changes in growth but there are likely a few factors at work. Android still has an overall larger marketshare than iOS globally, so it makes sense that more developers would be attracted to the platform. Google also makes it much easier for developers to create new apps and doesn't put Android developers through the same lengthy approval process as Apple.
However, it's worth pointing out that, as a whole, iOS developers still make far more money than their Android-based counterparts. Even though Android downloads were 60% higher on Android, iOS developers still made 60% more money, AppAnnie found in its Market Index report for the third quarter of 2014.
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The public needs to know how large the seal population is and how fast it is growing. Although predatory sharks are now beginning to arrive in greater numbers, the seals are thriving and assuming control of major portions of Cape Cod's coastal waters and beaches.
There is a compelling need for researchers to undertake frequent population counts of grey and harbor seals inhabiting Cape Cod’s shorelines. The most comprehensive method appears to be aerial surveys. Funds for such research should be included in the forthcoming federal and/or state budget.
The largest grey seal population in the world is on Sable Island, 18 miles southeast of Halifax, Nova Scotia. It grew from 500 seals a century ago to around 400,000 seals today. The recent growth rate is estimated to be around 13 percent per year. Some of those seals have migrated to the USA, and they are creating a similar population explosion, mainly on public parkland.
Sable Island National Park is a narrow, crescent-shape sandbar with a surface area of about 13 sq. mi. It is 26 mi. long, and only 0.93 mi. across at its widest point. Grey seal counts from the 1960s estimated 200–300 pups were born annually at that time. Surveys from 2003–2004 estimate the number of pups born in that season at 50,000. It is believed 83,000 pups were born in 2016. The island’s seals are sporadically preyed upon by shark species that inhabit the waters nearby. Unusual 'corkscrew' bite wounds on dead seals suggest that large Greenland sharks are probably responsible for most attacks.
The island has around 500 feral horses and a variety of birds, which are being crowded out by the seals.
The fishing industry has long complained about the volume of fish consumed by the seals. Several years ago, the Government of Canada considered a controversial proposal to slaughter 220,000 grey seals on Canada's Sable Island. To humanely control the surging population, the cull would involve shooting the animals in the head, thereby causing instant death, and then collecting them to be incinerated. Some entrepreneurs have recommended ways to market the byproducts.
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After a series of changes in ownership and management; charges of fraud against its owner, Giancarlo Parretti; and a massive sell off of assets, Credit Lyonnais Bank, France, became MGM’s reluctant owner when MGM defaulted on its $1.3 billion loan.
By French law the bank had to sell the studio within a fixed period. With MGM’s market value at an all-time low, a pro-active plan was implemented to reposition studio assets.
The bank was not sure exactly what intellectual properties it did or did not own, nor how to exploit the ones they did. Credit Lyonnais clearly recognized that, in the area of IP exploitation, MGM was lagging behind its competition.
MGM’s once proud image had suffered over recent years with a string of less than great films, punctuated by a few box office blockbusters. The traditional MGM “Leo the Lion” logo had been sold off to MGM Grand Hotels necessitating the creation of a replacement logo.
Ted Turner had purchased most of MGM’s motion picture library containing 2,500 of MGM’s most important films. There was a need to assess the value what was left in MGM’s film vaults. They were also interested in exploring whether the potential existed to joint venture with Turner in exploiting titles owned by Turner within an MGM, motion-picture-based, mass attraction.
The Table of Contents below outlines how the Doultons' addressed the task.
Thrills, Yes. Thrill Rides, No.
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Georg Philipp Telemann (24 March [O.S. 14 March] 1681 – 25 June 1767) was a German Baroque composer and multi-instrumentalist. Almost completely self-taught in music, he became a composer against his family's wishes. After studying in Magdeburg, Zellerfeld, and Hildesheim, Telemann entered the University of Leipzig to study law, but eventually settled on a career in music. He held important positions in Leipzig, Sorau, Eisenach, and Frankfurt before settling in Hamburg in 1721, where he became musical director of that city's five main churches. While Telemann's career prospered, his personal life was always troubled: his first wife died only a few months after their marriage, and his second wife had extramarital affairs and accumulated a large gambling debt before leaving him.
Telemann is one of the most prolific composers in history (at least in terms of surviving oeuvre) and was considered by his contemporaries to be one of the leading German composers of the time—he was compared favorably both to his friend Johann Sebastian Bach, who made Telemann the godfather and namesake of his son Carl Philipp Emanuel, and to George Frideric Handel, whom Telemann also knew personally. As part of his duties, he wrote a considerable amount of music for educating organists under his direction. This includes 48 chorale preludes and 20 small fugues (modal fugues) to accompany his chorale harmonizations for 500 hymns. His music incorporates French, Italian, and German national styles, and he was at times even influenced by Polish popular music. He remained at the forefront of all new musical tendencies, and his music stands as an important link between the late Baroque and early Classical styles. The Telemann Museum is Hamburg is dedicated to him.
The life and work of Telemann, the prolific, baroque composer.
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Already. I can see that the image of Che as a hero is dominant over the image of Che as a terrorist. There are over two times as many hits for “hero” as for “terrorist. ” The first few hits for each were all articles and essays whose rubrics are all some fluctuation of the generic. “Che Guevara: hero or terrorist? ” I read through the first few. non excessively disquieted about happening “reliable” sources- the battle for interpretative power is about what the general population believes. non merely the writers of scholarly publications and encyclopaedia. Some of these essays were well-researched and challenging ; others were prevailing with grammatical and factual mistakes. One article from the British publication “The Independent. ” entitled “The Big Question: Who was Che Guevara. and does he merit his iconic position? ” listed the statements for and against Che. while the article took a unquestionably negative stance. Here is an extract. which outlines the statements: “Was Che Guevara a hero or a scoundrel?
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Bob is developing a new strategy to get rich in the stock market. He wishes to invest his portfolio for 1 or more days, then sell it at the right time to maximize his earnings. Bob has painstakingly tracked how much his portfolio would have gained or lost for each of the last N days. Now he has hired you to figure out what would have been the largest total gain his portfolio could have achieved.
The input contains N, the number of days (0 < N < 10000), followed by N (separated by symbol “;”) integers D (-10000 < D < 10000) indicating the gain or loss on that day.
Print out the maximum possible gain over the period. If no gain is possible, print 0.
Gain or loss on that day is (-100 < D < 100).
Number of days (0 < N < 100).
Number of test cases is 20.
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The subprime mortgage crisis is an ongoing event likely to affect buyers who purchased homes in the early 2000s for a long time. These effects will translate to changes in the housing market, consumer spending, changes in lending practices, and perhaps, revamping of the home loan system. What is meant by the subprime mortgage crisis is that many home loans taken out during a housing bubble occurring on the two US Coasts, from 2000-2005, were given at a subprime rate, and have now led to extensive foreclosures on home loans, and people having to leave their homes because they can't afford the payments.
The housing bubble, meant that for a time, houses sharply increased in value and consumers often borrowed at a subprime (less than the lowest) rate believing that the price of their homes would rise and they could thus refinance for lower payments. Many people didn't just refinance for lower payments but also for consumer spending. Inflation of house prices meant people in possession of a home suddenly had more equity in their home. They could access some of that equity by refinancing, and spend the money as they chose.
Unfortunately, the bubble began to burst in late 2005 and houses began to decline in price. People who refinanced, especially those who did so with variable interest rates, suddenly had homes valued at much less. Many with variable rates and interest only loans ended up unable to continue making payments on their home, flooding the market with more homes for sale than usual and further lowering home values.
This credit and house price explosion led to a building boom and eventually to a surplus of unsold homes, which caused U.S. housing prices to peak and begin declining in mid-2006. Easy credit, and a belief that house prices would continue to appreciate, had encouraged many subprime borrowers to obtain adjustable-rate mortgages. These mortgages enticed borrowers with a below market interest rate for some predetermined period, followed by market interest rates for the remainder of the mortgage's term.
Borrowers who would not be able to make the higher payments once the initial grace period ended, were planning to refinance their mortgages after a year or two of appreciation. But refinancing became more difficult, once house prices began to decline in many parts of the USA. Borrowers who found themselves unable to escape higher monthly payments by refinancing began to default.
As more borrowers stop paying their mortgage payments, foreclosures and the supply of homes for sale increases. This places downward pressure on housing prices, which further lowers homeowners' equity. The decline in mortgage payments also reduces the value of mortgage-backed securities, which erodes the net worth and financial health of banks. This vicious cycle is at the heart of the crisis.
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the particle should be placed first in the word. The participle is only one word.
Hon kom utspringande på gatan.
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Occasionally, one encounters a situation where subtyping is a convenient way to write a different relationship.
The one I currently face is relatively simple. I'm controlling a simple mechanical system B, which contains subsystem A. Thus, in meatspace, we see a very literal "has-a" relationship: System B has a System A.
def m3(self, arg): print "A.m3(" + arg + ")"
While class B contributes useful functionality (in the real life version), a bunch of its methods are simple pass-throughs. Class B just doesn't have anything useful to add to m1() or m2() - it just needs to expose them to the owners of B objects.
Now all methods of A are exposed as if they belong to B. B can (and does) override methods of A as needed. The maintainer of B doesn't need to update B every time that A adds a new method - passthroughs are free.
This feels wrong somehow, but I can't fully figure out why. Is this an abuse of the technicalities of the inheritance mechanism? Is it ever appropriate to represent a "has-a" relationship this way? B is not a more specific form of A, but we've subclassed it as if it was.
The only practical drawback I can think of is that all of A's methods are now available for calling, and B has little to no way to prevent this. In a language like Python, there's no concept of private methods, so that doesn't matter. In a language like C++ it might. Do other drawbacks exist?
Edit: To all who find this question in the future, be sure to read this answer as well as the accepted answer. Both list noteworthy drawbacks to using inheritance to accomplish composition.
If your composition situation is simple enough, you can use inheritance instead.
Not recommended, because it would be confusing to others, and also will require refactoring as soon as the composition situation becomes less simple.
Composition allows a number of things. Because the classes are separate, each can have their own inheritance hierarchy. So using composition, a B can have a has-a relationship with any A instance, including those whose class is a subclass from A.
Composition allows an existing A to be referred to by a new B. It allows multiple B's to refer to a single A. Further, composition potentially also allows changing which A that B has-a at runtime, whereas inheritance means you get a new A with a new B (period).
Also, for languages that differentiate between classes and interfaces, composition allows a has-a relationship with an interface whereas inheritance requires a known, fixed class to be specified as the base. For these reasons (perhaps and more), composition is looser coupling than inheritance, and being able to use interfaces further reinforces looser coupling, which reduces maintenance burdens.
If you don't use any of those features, you could use inheritance to bundle an A with a B. But you will never be able to pick a subclass of A to relate to B, so if A is involved in subclassing you won't be able to choose among them for B. You'll have to duplicate B into new class B' that inherits from A'. If you did that kind of duplication, it would be a code smell.
You also wouldn't be able to choose an existing A for B's has-a. You'd always be creating a new A along with a new B.
Inheritance allows virtual methods and overrides by subclasses, and passing subclass around when a base class or beyond is expected. If you inherit and don't do any virtual methods or overrides, or polymorphism, that seems like it would also be a code smell.
Note that C++ allows embedding of an instances as another mechanism to bundle an A within a B, without using inheritance; you'll have the same restrictions on not being able to choose a subclass of A without using a B', but at least you're not confusing other maintainers with inheritance otherwise unused. Other languages (Java,C#) use references, so embedding is not an option: it's either inheritance or composition.
The convenience of inheritance in this example is reducing the amount of boilerplate code you have to write, but this falls under code reuse rather than behavioral reuse. By itself, that isn't an argument against using inheritance but rather that code reuse isn't a sufficient argument for inheritance.
it allows child instances to be used wherever the parent can be used. This may be desirable behavior or it may be a source of bugs. Does it make sense for a function taking a subsystem to instead receive the mechanical system?
If you don't want to explicitly write forwarding methods, you can sometimes use language features to forward undefined method calls to another object (the functional part of the (Object) Proxy Pattern). This may still violate access restrictions, but largely avoids other issues.
In Python, you can use __getattr__, __setattr__ and __delattr__ (there are other special methods that may be useful or necessary); these also give you the opportunity to implement access restriction, as unpythonic as that is. Implement the Proxy Pattern in its own class, and you can add the functionality to most any other class you want with less than 2 lines of code.
In C++, you can overload operator->, but at the cost of unrestricted access and you must use the arrow operator rather than the dot operator to call methods (which is less coupling than inheritance but slightly more than explicitly writing each forwarding method).
Your goal in both cases is the same: extending B's behviour. This could either be done if B uses A or if B inherits from A.
c) B makes temporary use of A for doing stuff (think of A as part of a message sent to B).
Both of your implementations differ semantically. The second implementation makes only sense in polymorphic context. Think of decorators, where you want to substitute B for A with an alternative behaviour. B extends As behaviour. But besides from that, either implementation is fine.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged object-oriented object-oriented-design inheritance or ask your own question.
Does the Composite design pattern implement recursive behavior?
UML Class Diagram: How can I represent “orthogonal” generalizations (or multi-inheritence)?
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Give a spectator psychic intuition! The magician shows three small coin envelopes. On the front of each envelope is attached a different coin. One envelope has a penny attached to the front, another has a nickel, and finally the last envelope has a dime.
The magician says he has made a written prediction and points to it. It is on the table in full view. The coins on the envelopes serve to influence the spectator's intuition. He says he hopes the spectator's intuition will match his prediction.
After the spectator, has done this, the magician gives him a chance to change his mind and put the three coins on different envelopes if he wishes. The spectator has a free choice of which coin to place on each envelope, provided it is not a matching coin. There is no forcing or magician's choice of any kind.
Once the spectator is happy with his final choice, he picks up each coin and puts it inside the envelope. The spectator does this, the magician does not touch the coins or envelopes at any time, eliminating the idea of sleights or coin switches.
The magician says that inside each envelope he placed a hidden coin beforehand. He tells the spectator since there are three coins; a set consists of all three coins, the penny, nickel and dime. He says if the spectator used his intuition and put the CORRECT coin into an envelope, then the coin attached to the envelope and the two inside will make a perfect set. In other words, if the coin attached to the envelope is a nickel, then the two on the inside will be a penny and a dime.
This would be a coincidence, if he formed a set. The magician shows the prediction and reads it, it says: I predict using your intuition, that you will have created three sets.
The spectator (not the magician) then opens each envelope and dumps out the contents. Amazingly, using his intuition, he has put the correct coin into each envelope needed to make a set. Each envelope contains a penny, nickel and dime. This is an amazing feat in itself. Had the spectator placed a different coin into the envelope, which he could have, then there would not be a set of three different coins. Must have been psychic intuition!
Not only has the spectator done an amazing coincidence, but the magician has correctly predicted the spectator's actions beforehand.
Believe it or not, this is a 100% hands-off effect. The magician just directs from a distance, with the spectator doing everything. This is close-up mentalism that is a real fooler and requires no skill or sleights. This is so easy to do that you will amaze yourself.
This is a self-working effect that uses no gimmicks. Both the envelope and the coins are ungimmicked. Everything can be examined at the end.
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Louis Octave Uzanne (14 September 1851 – 31 October 1931), known as Octave Uzanne, was a 19th-century French bibliophile, non-fiction writer, publisher and journalist, best-known for his Contes pour les bibliophiles (1895), which features the novella The End of Books. He also wrote "L'idée de sadisme et l'érotologie scientifique" (1901).
Born in Auxerre, of a bourgeois family, he came to Paris after his father's death. At first he studied at the upper-class Collège Rollin in Paris, then during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871 was attached to a school at Richmond in England. Continuing with law studies, he abandoned this line of work when he came into an inheritance in 1872. He became a regular visitor of the Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal, where he formed part of a group of followers of the former librarian Charles Nodier, together with journalist Charles Monselet, writer Loredan Larchey, and author and bibliophile Paul Lacroix. He also joined the Société des Amis des Livres, the first French bibliophilic association.
At the start of his career, Uzanne focused on the lesser-known writers of the 18th century, with 4 volumes of work published by Jouast, and an additional 20+ volumes published by Albert Quantin. He was an admirer of the Goncourt brothers, who also wrote on 18th-century France. While looking backwards for his subjects, he was very up-to-date for the technical side of the printing and publishing. His 1879 work Le bric-à-brac de l'amour was one of the first to employ the gillotage, a Zincography technique, and photomechanical reproduction.
After leaving the Société des Amis des Livres, which he deemed as too conservative and too concerned with the re-edition of older works, he started two new bibliographic societies, the Societé des Bibliophiles Contemporaines (1889–1894) and the Societé des Bibliophiles Indépendants (1896–1901). The first one consisted of 160 people, including writers Jules Claretie and Jean Richepin, artists Albert Robida and Paul Avril, and journalist and critic Francisque Sarcey. Uzanne also edited two magazines, Conseiller du bibliophile (1876–1877) and Les Miscellanées Bibliographiques (1878–1880), and then ran three consecutive bibliophilic revues: Le Livre: Bibliographie Moderne (1880–1889), Le Livre Moderne: Revue du Monde Littéraire et des Bibliophiles Contemporaines (1890–1891), and L'Art et l'Idée: Revue Contemporaine du Dilettantisme Littéraire et de la Curiosité (1892–1893).
In contrast to the common bibliophiles of his time, he was most interested in the creation of new, luxurious bibliophile works, collaborating closely with printers, binders, typographers and artists (especially the Symbolists and early Art Nouveau artists). One of the main artists collaborating with Uzanne was the Belgian Félicien Rops, who illustrated some of his books and created the cover illustration for Le Livre Moderne, and who called Octave Uzanne "the Bibliophile's dream". The overall quality of Uzanne's books was remarked upon by the New York Times when reviewing his 1894 work La Femme à Paris: "The book is a highly-artistic achievement in a typographical sense[...] This artistic element and the style of the author [...] elevate the work from its sphere of usefulness into the sphere of pure literature. It will be serviceable a century from now to students of our civilization."
His collection of contemporary bibliophilic books was sold in 1894 by Hôtel Drouot. It contained some of the finest examples of late 19th-century French bookbinding, by binders like Charles Meunier, Lucien Magnin, Pétrus Ruban, Camille Martin, René Wiener and Victor Prouvé.
As a journalist, sometimes employing the pseudonym "la Cagoule", Uzanne wrote for L'Écho de Paris and other newspapers, including a collaboration with Edouard Drumont on his antisemitic newspaper La Libre Parole, and for other French and foreign magazines like The Studio and Scribner's Magazine, for which he wrote in 1894 an article about The End of Books which he thought would come because of the upcoming phonography, predicting the rise of radio and television. Uzanne was fascinated by modern technology and the possibilities it offered for the reproduction and dissemination of words, sounds, and images, which wasn't only evidenced in that article or in his groundbreaking work in book publishing, but also in an article he wrote in 1893 for the French newspaper Le Figaro, about a visit he made to Thomas Edison, where he witnessed the Kinetograph shortly before it went public.
Another interest of Uzanne was female fashion, about which he wrote a number of books and articles, which were also translated in English, and more specifically the image of the Parisienne, the women of Paris. His 1898 work Monument esthématique du XIXe siècle: Les Modes de Paris, translated as Fashions in Paris, was according to the review in the New York Times "[...]the most complete and exhaustive work on the subject of French fashions that has yet appeared".
He died at Saint-Cloud on 31 October 1931.
1896: Contes de la Vingtième Année. Anthology of Bric à Brac de l'Amour, Calendrier de Vénus, and Surprises du Cæur, published by Floury.
1904: The French bookbinders of the eighteenth century, Chicago, Caxton Club, translated by Mabel McIlvaine.
1910: Etudes de sociologie féminine: Parisiennes de ce temps et leurs divers milieux, états et conditions, published by Mercure de France; published in English in 1912 as The Modern Parisienne by Heinemann, London and by G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York; published in German as Die Pariserin. Studien zur Geschichte der Frau der Gesellschaft der Französischen Galanterie und der Zeitgenössischen Sitten. in 1929 by Paul Aretz, Dresden.
Uzanne also contributed notes, forewords or commentary to a number of other books.
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Octave Uzanne" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on original research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
This page was last modified 21:17, 26 February 2019.
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Abedi Ayew (/æˈbeɪdɪ/ /æˈjjuː/ a-BAYDI a-YOU) (born 5 November 1964), known professionally as Abedi Pele, is a retired Ghanaian footballer who served as captain of the Ghana national team. He is considered by many African football experts to be the greatest African footballer of all time. He found fame in France's Ligue 1 with Lille OSC and Olympique Marseille.
Ayew was born into a family in the town of Kibi and grew up in the town of Dome at the northern outskirts of the city Accra.
Abedi Pele was one of the pioneers of African football in Europe. Abedi Pele was one of the first great African players to make an impact on European club football, he played for teams in Switzerland, Germany, Italy and most famously France where he was very instrumental in Marseille's prominence in the European Champions League during the early 1990s. Amongst his international accolades, he was often included in FIFA "All-Star" selections and captained the African All-Stars in their victory over their European counterparts in the Meridian Cup of 1997.
He left Ghana after the 1982 African Cup of Nations to join Al Sadd in Qatar for a transfer fee of $1,000. After a short spell with FFC Zürich in Switzerland he returned to Ghana but, after both Kotoko and Hearts of Oak failed to sign him, joined AS Dragons FC de l'Ouémé of Benin. He would later return to Ghana and play for Real Tamale United for a season. He started his career in Europe with French association football club Chamois Niort, subsequently joining Montpellier and Lille before transferring to Olympique Marseille. He later joined Lyon. He also played for Torino of Italy, where he was named Best Foreign Player in Serie A and finally rounded out his European career with 1860 München.
Abedi Pele went on to sign a two-year contract with Al Ain Club in the United Arab Emirates and was nominated one of the best foreign players to play in the UAE league.
He was the captain of Ghana's national football team for six years (1992–1998) and was one of the first African football players to earn a top placing in FIFA World Player of the Year voting in 1991 and 1992. He is arguably Africa's most decorated and honoured football player ever, winning the France Football Magazine African Player of the Year Award three times, was the inaugural winner of the BBC African Sports Star of the Year in 1992, and the corresponding Confederation of African Football award twice. He was also awarded the golden ball award for being the best player at the 1992 African Cup of Nations, and was the "man of the match" in Marseille's historic European Champions League final win over Milan in 1993.
Abedi Pele played for Ghana 73 times and is considered the greatest football player in his country's history, and among the best in Africa. Until 7 June 2013 when he was surpassed by Asamoah Gyan, he was the top goal scorer for Ghana's Black Stars with 33 goals. He was a fixture in the African Championships of the 1980s and 90s with his national team, and a member of Ghana's victorious team in the 1982 African Cup of Nations, but he never had an opportunity to play in the FIFA World Cup, as the Black Stars failed to qualify for the competition during his career. However, he was arguably the most dominant figure on the African football scene for nearly a decade. His performance in the 1992 African Cup of Nations is often cited as one of the most outstanding football displays by any player in a single tournament. His native Ghana reached the finals of the Cup that year, only to lose on penalties in the final to Côte d'Ivoire after Abedi was suspended because of a Yellow card he received in the semi-final match against Nigeria. Prior to that, his three spectacular goals against Zambia, Congo and Nigeria proved crucial in putting Ghana through to their seventh appearance in a CAN final – and their first final in ten years. The performance earned him the added nickname of "The African Maradona". His solo run goal against Congo in the quarterfinals is often compared to Maradona's second goal against England in the 1986 World Cup. His backheader goal against Nigeria from the edge of the opponent's penalty box also heralded international acclaim.
Abedi holds the record for most appearances at the Nations Cup Finals, his record even surpassing the legendary Roger Milla of Cameroon. He made his first appearance at the 13th Nations Cup Finals in Libya in 1982 and for the next 16 years (ending at the 21st Finals in Burkina Faso) continued to grace the most prestigious football tournament on the continent, first as a member of Ghana's squad rising to become captain in 1991. Aside from his acclaimed exploits at the 1992 competition, Abedi also earned much acclaim for his three goals at the 1996 competition – where he led Ghana to the semifinals of the competition despite critics expecting him to be in the twilight of his career.
At the club level, he was a key figure in Olympique de Marseille's dominance of the French league – resulting in four league championships and two European Champions League finals appearances. An attacking midfielder, Abedi became as famous for his sublime dribbling skills as he did for his knack for scoring spectacular and often very important goals. Many such goals became regular "Goals of the Week" on ITN's weekly "European Football" program. At Marseille, he was a member of the team's "Magical Trio", along with Jean-Pierre Papin and Chris Waddle – spearheading perhaps Europe's strongest league side of the early 1990s. Abedi was the only remaining member of the trio still with the side when Marseille defeated Milan in the 1993 UEFA Champions League Final in Munich.
Ayew has the singular honour of participating in more FIFA organized charity matches than any other African player. He is very popular in many African countries, especially the French-speaking countries because of his exploits in France. In countries such as Nigeria and South Africa, football fans still wear T-shirts bearing his name. He has become one of the continent’s most respected and important ambassadors. Abedi Pele is a member of FIFA's Football Committee, and of the player status committees of both FIFA and CAF. That explains why the South African FA made him a Spokesperson for their 2006 World Cup bid. Abedi is considered one of the best players in World History not to have appeared at the FIFA World Cup, and perhaps the greatest African football player ever.
On 29 January 1997, the first UEFA-CAF Meridian Cup All-Star Match between Europe and Africa was played in S.L. Benfica's Estádio da Luz in Lisbon, Portugal and was televised in 100 countries worldwide, including 30 in Africa, for an audience of 60 million viewers. Former Olympique de Marseille midfielder Abedi Pele was on target with a stunning goal early in the first half and, after Vincent Guérin had equalised for Europe just before half-time, it was the 1998 African Player of the Year, Mustapha Hadji, who struck Africa’s 78th-minute winner in the 2–1 win.
At present he owns a second division club, called Nania F.C., with the future hopes of nurturing the young talent to augment the fledging league of the country. He has also been involved with various Charity work across the Continent.
Abedi is the brother of Kwame and Sola Ayew (ex-Hearts of Oak and Black Meteors). He is also the father of André, Jordan, Rahim, Imani, and is married with Maha. Two of his children Andre and Rahim represented Ghana in the FIFA 2010 World Cup held in South Africa. Jordan and Andre represented Ghana in the FIFA 2014 World Cup in Brazil.
This page was last modified on 7 January 2016, at 09:02.
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Is it normal for a Judge to suggest a bench trial to the defendants Lawyers in criminal case? And why would a Judge suggest to the defendants Lawyers to opt for a bench trial instead of a jury trial?
Why wouldn't it be "normal" (what ever that means)? As to why, it would depend upon the facts known and circumstances to the judge at the time. Maybe just to save money?
Depending on the case, it could be a signal from the judge that he or she believes that the government cannot prove the case beyond a reasonable doubt.
Or it could be an unethical judge who wants the chance to send the defendant to jail, and doesn't want some jury to have the opportunity to find the defendant not guilty.
Do you have a reason for asking these questions, George S?
I would think it unusual for a judge to suggest to a defense attorney how best to handle his client's defense.
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What Is Valence or Valency in Chemistry?
The words valence and valency have two related meanings in chemistry.
Valence describes how easily an atom or radical can combine with other chemical species. This is determined based on the number of electrons that would be added, lost, or shared if it reacts with other atoms.
Valence is denoted using a positive or negative integer used to represent this binding capacity. For example, common valences of copper are 1 and 2.
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How many highly successful musical artists do you know that have thrived for 20 years without a radio hit, a big budget video, or major label backing? Moreover, have managed to do high-profile TV appearances, own and operate their own independent label since day one, sell several million albums and continue to expand their fan base across the globe each year. They’ve collaborated with such uniquely famed artists David Byrne, Perry Farrell, The Flaming Lips, Anushka Shankar, Femi Kuti, Seu Jorge, Bebel Gilberto, and been featured on major film soundtracks such as Garden State. They’ve headlined top music festivals, such as Coachella and Lollapalooza, and have influenced a whole generation of electronic producers and DJs.
Coming to indigo at The O2 5 and 6 July 2019.
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Her Royal Highness..? was a comedy/drama play (billed as "an affectionate comedy") by Royce Ryton and Ray Cooney, who also directed.
After opening at the Theatre Royal, Lincoln in September 1981 and touring to several UK theatres, it transferred to the Palace Theatre, London in November 1981 where it ran until the end of January 1982. The deliberately cheeky publicity 'strap-line' read "Come and see Her Royal Highness at The Palace".
It starred Marc Sinden, Eva Lohman, Rona Anderson, Timothy Carlton, Morar Kennedy, Gwen Nelson and Tony Steedman.
Sinden had been cast to play the lead role of Prince Charles as a result of his portrayal of the same character in the Ray Davies/Kinks musical, Chorus Girls at the Theatre Royal, Stratford East earlier in 1981.
The production photographs were taken by Lord Patrick Lichfield, who had taken the photographs of the real Royal Wedding in July of the same year and the lighting was designed by Joe Davis (who had been Marlene Dietrich's bespoke theatrical lighting designer).
Royal Highness is the first full-length LP released by Orange County, CA, rappers Kottonmouth Kings. Rappers on this album are Saint Dog, D-Loc, and Daddy X. This album include guest appearances by Daddy X's other band, Humble Gods, along with Dog Boy from the band Too Rude. The album peaked at number 17 on Billboard's Top Heatseekers chart on 15 January 2000. The song "Bump" peaked at number 28 on the Hot Modern Rock Tracks chart. In a 2015 interview with Johnny Richter he stated that he was a member of the group but was not featured on it due to a personal issue with a member of the group at the time of the album's release date.
"Suburban Life" was on the soundtrack for the movie Scream 2, and was even featured (briefly) in the movie itself.
"Dog's Life" was on the soundtrack for the movie Lost and Found and an exclusive music video was made which is quite hard to find. Also Dog's Life was used in the PlayStation game Test Drive 6 (Released 1999)].
SpongeBob SquarePants is an American animated television series created by marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg for Nickelodeon. The series is set in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom, and centers on the adventures and endeavors of SpongeBob SquarePants, an over-optimistic sea sponge that annoys other characters. Many of the ideas for the show originated in an unpublished, educational comic book titled The Intertidal Zone, which Hillenburg created in the mid-1980s. He began developing SpongeBob SquarePants into a television series in 1996 upon the cancellation of Rocko's Modern Life, another Nickelodeon television series which Hillenburg previously directed.
Since its debut on May 1, 1999,SpongeBob SquarePants has broadcast 194 episodes, and its ninth season premiered on July 21, 2012.The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie, a feature-length film, was released in theaters on November 19, 2004 and grossed over US$140 million worldwide.Atlantis SquarePantis, a television film guest starring David Bowie, debuted as part of the fifth season. In 2009, Nickelodeon celebrated the show's tenth anniversary with Square Roots: The Story of SpongeBob SquarePants and SpongeBob's Truth or Square. In 2013, it was reported that a tenth season is in production and was scheduled to air in 2014, but has been postponed.
Plot: The General's daughter, Helene, grows up in a safe world. She doesn't want to get married or have kids. She meets a man who talks about platonic love which seems to fit her nice. They get married but when he wants to get more intimate with her she rejects him.
I wanna ride in my mind - baby come on!
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Basketball players need to eat the right foods and drink the proper fluids if they want to perform at a high level. Nutritional tips for basketball players that will help you be more effective. Dre Baldwin shares links, tips, and advice on diet and nutrition for basketball players.
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The Evil of the Daleks: Episode 4 premiered on BBC One in 1967 at 5:45pm, watched by 5.30 million viewers.
The Doctor demonstrates the strength of the human factor to the Daleks as Jamie and his new friend, Kemel attempt to rescue Victoria Waterfield.
The Time Monster: Episode Four premiered on BBC One in 1972 at 5:50pm, watched by 7.60 million viewers.
As UNIT forces approach, the Master leaves for Atlantis in his TARDIS. However, the Doctor is not far behind and in the time vortex, the two Time Lords confront each other.
The Satan Pit premiered on BBC One in 2006 at 7:01pm, watched by 6.08 million viewers.
At the police station, a troubled Jimmi treats an autistic boy with a Doctor Who obsession. Later, Jimmi is forced to put his own issues aside when he discovers the boy is in danger. He races against time to find him before it is too late.
Empress Of Mars premiered on BBC One in 2017 at 7:17pm, watched by 5.02 million viewers.
"God Save The Queen" has been scrawled on Mars. Does this refer to Queen Victoria? If so, what are Victorians doing on the home planet of the Ice Warriors, and what will they find beneath the planet's surface?
Empress Of Mars premiered on BBC America in 2017 at 9:00pm, watched by 0.54 million viewers.
Actor who has a small role in the 1975 story Genesis of the Daleks.
Geoffrey Orme was a British screenwriter for television and film.
Orme's film work extended from the 1930s to the 1960s and included a number of the popular Old Mother Riley films starring Arthur Lucan.
Eric Maschwitz OBE, sometimes credited as Holt Marvell, was an English entertainer, writer, broadcaster and broadcasting executive.
Born in Edgbaston, Birmingham, the descendant of Jewish Lithuanian immigrants, Maschwitz was educated at Arden House preparatory school, Henley in Arden, Repton School and Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge.
As a lyricist, Maschwitz wrote the screenplays of several successful films in the 1930s and 1940s, but is perhaps best remembered for his lyrics to 1940s popular songs such as "A Nightingale Sang in Berkeley Square" (music by Manning Sherwin) and "These Foolish Things" (music by Jack Strachey). Maschwitz was romantically linked to the Chinese-American actress Anna May Wong while working in Hollywood, and the lyrics of "These Foolish Things" are evocative of his longing for her after they parted and he returned to England.
Maschwitz started his stage acting career in the early 1920s, playing Vittoria in the first successful modern production of Webster's The White Devil (Marlowe Society, Cambridge ADC Theatre, 1920). He joined the BBC in 1926. His first radio show was In Town Tonight. While at the BBC he wrote a radio operetta Good Night Vienna with the popular song of the same title. In 1932 it was adapted as a film starring Anna Neagle.
Under contract to MGM in Hollywood from 1937, he co-wrote the adaptation of Goodbye, Mr. Chips, made by MGM-British, for which he shared an Academy Award nomination.
From August 1939, he was a postal censor in Liverpool. From November 1939, he served with the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS)/MI-6 D Section (sabotage). In 1940, he briefly worked to establish a resistance organization in Beverley, Yorkshire, and for Army Welfare in London before being assigned to the Special Operations Executive (SOE). In 1940 he was commissioned into the Intelligence Corps. He was then sent to New York City to work for the British Security Coordination (BSC). In 1942, he returned to London, briefly supervising radio programmes for the troops. He then transferred to the Political Warfare Executive (PWE). He ended the war as chief broadcasting officer with the 21st Army Group, leaving the army as a Lieutenant-Colonel. Maschwitz, along with Major John Macmillan, (members of "No 1 Field Broadcasting Unit") was responsible for taking over the "Reichssender Hamburg" on May 3, 1945. (See p. 50 "Die Briten in Hamburg", Ahrens, 2011, Döllin und Galitz Verlag).
In 1958, near the start of the BBC/ITV ratings wars, he rejoined the BBC as Head of Television Light Entertainment. About the job he said, "I don't think the BBC is a cultural organisation. We've got to please the people. The job of a man putting on a show is to get an audience." By 1962, he was serving as assistant to the BBC's Controller of Programmes, and it was in this capacity that he requested the recently formed BBC Survey Group to examine possible ideas for a science fiction drama series; the results of the study led to the creation of Doctor Who the next year.
Maschwitz left to join the rival ITV in 1963.
During the course of his varied entertainment career, Maschwitz also adapted French comedies such as Thirteen For Dinner; wrote the book and lyrics for numerous musicals, amongst them Balalaika, Summer Song, which used the music of Dvorak, Happy Holiday (based on Arnold Ridley's play The Ghost Train), and Zip Goes a Million, which was written specially for George Formby; and he was the creator of the radio series Café Collette. He also edited the Radio Times, and even turned his hand to the detective novel: Death at Broadcasting House, co-written with Val Gielgud and published in 1931, revolves around a radio play disrupted by the murder of one of the cast.
Maschwitz was married twice: first to Hermione Gingold, who was granted a divorce in 1945, and then immediately to Phyllis Gordon, who remained his wife until his death.
His autobiography, No Chip On My Shoulder, was published by Herbert Jenkins in 1957.
He was created an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1936.
Tenniel Evans was a British actor. He played Major Daly in the 1973 story Carnival or Monsters.
Evans was born in Nairobi, Kenya. His middle name derived from the illustrator Sir John Tenniel, a distant relation. His daughter, Serena Evans, is an actress, and his son, Matthew, is a television director.
Tenniel Evans was a direct descendent of Isaac Evans, brother of George Eliot (born as Mary Ann Evans).
Educated at Christ's Hospital, the University of St Andrews and the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, Evans is best known for his long-running role as Leading Seaman "Taffy" Goldstein (plus other occasional characters) on The Navy Lark, a popular BBC comedy radio series of the 1950s, which starred Jon Pertwee, with Ronnie Barker, Richard Caldicot and Leslie Phillips. Pertwee became one of Evans' best friends - he encouraged Pertwee to audition for Doctor Who, although both were unaware that Pertwee was already being considered for the role; Pertwee subsequently helped Evans get cast in the Doctor Who story Carnival of Monsters.
Frequently cast as a policeman, doctor or priest, Tenniel Evans appeared in many of the most popular and successful British TV series of the late 20th and early 21st centuries, as well as many one-off programmes, over a period of 44 years. His TV debut was in the series No Hiding Place in 1960; shortly after this he played Jonathan Kail in Tess, the 1960 ITV adaptation of Thomas Hardy's Tess of the D'Urbervilles, which also featured Geraldine McEwan and Jeremy Brett.
Among Evans' most notable TV credits are The Forsyte Saga (1967), The Saint (1967), four appearances in The Avengers between 1961 and 1968, Softly Softly, (1966, 1969), Randall and Hopkirk (Deceased)(1969), A Family at War (1970), Paul Temple (1970, 1971), multiple appearances in Z-Cars between 1963 and 1972, a regular role in Big Breadwinner Hog (1969), The Liver Birds (1972), The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin (1976), Yes Minister (1980), Coronation Street (1980), Rumpole of the Bailey (1983), The Citadel (1983) and "The Dancing Men" (1984), an episode of the Granada series The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes which reunited him with Jeremy Brett.
In 1985 Evans was ordained as a non-stipendiary minister of the Church of England and he retired from stage acting, although he continued to perform in TV programmes until shortly before his death and during that year he had a recurring role in the comedy Shine on Harvey Moon. In 1987 he had a recurring role in the children's sci-fi series Knights of God (1987).
Evans' TV credits from the late 1980s to 2004 include Inspector Morse, Lovejoy, September Song, Peak Practice, The Bill, Pie in the Sky, Heartbeat, Hetty Wainthropp Investigates, Casualty and Dalziel and Pascoe. His final screen appearance was in an episode of the romantic comedy series William and Mary(2004).
Evans made few appearances in film; his most prominent part was as a detective in the thriller 10 Rillington Place (1971), the film about the infamous British serial killer John Christie, which starredRichard Attenborough.
David Brierly was an English actor best known for providing the voice of K9 during the Seventeenth Season of Doctor Who.
Brierly also appeared as one of Ken Barlow's university lodgers Milo, in a very early episode of Coronation Street, and Jimmy Kemp's father in the acclaimed nuclear war drama Threads.
He died of cancer on June 10, 2008.
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Do equity crowdfunding investors herd? We build a model where informed and uninformed investors arrive sequentially and choose whether and how much to invest. We test the model using data of investments on a leading European equity crowdfunding platform. We show theoretically and find empirically that the size and likelihood of a pledge is affected positively by the size of the most recent pledges, and negatively by the time elapsed since the most recent pledge. The empirical analysis is inconsistent with naive herding, independent investments, or exogenously correlated investments.
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There was a time when the organization known as Alcoholics Anonymous, which has become one of the greatest boons to the drunkards of the world, had a membership which was a little lopsided. On its rolls the Bowery was better represented than Park Avenue, a fact deplored by the organization's leaders. So, recognizing that the rich can become just as alcoholic as the poor, the organization decided to do something about it. Acting on its long-held tenet that only a sober ex-drunk can cure a down-and-out drunk, the A.A. leaders looked around for an ex-drunk with glamour and the ability to speak the Park Avenue language. They found it in an ex-drunk countess. The result: Park Avenue became as well represented as the Bowery on the rolls of A.A.
Now, in the past few years, another change has taken place in the membership of A.A. -- a change which has proved even more important than that accomplished by the countess, but which was comparatively unnoticed by the public-at-large until last month. At that time A.A. held its bone-dry twentieth-anniversary convention and, in conjunction with the ceremonies, issued a revised, second edition of an oversized, ocean-blue volume which is familiarly known to all A.A members as "The Big Book." The new edition, like its predecessors, is jacketed in a reversible dust cover, one side of which is blank, which allows it to be read in trains and buses without attracting the eyes of the curious. But,unlike its predecessor, the new edition is not intended solely for alcoholics of the last-gasp variety. Right in the middle of it lies a whole section devoted to drinkers who have not yet lost their businesses or broken up their homes or, as most of A A.'s original members seem to have done, landed in jail. Says ex-A. A.president Bill W. (who still keeps his last name anonymous, though he has now stepped down from his executive position): "Now we're getting cases whose drinking has merely become a menacing nuisance, and we're glad for them"
In the same way that A.A. discovered that the Park Avenue set could not be reach' by the Bowery set it soon learned that potential alcoholics of the "menacing nuisance" variety cannot be reached by a membership composed largely of ex-last-gasp drunks. The solution: A A. members made an effort to get a few representative "menacing nuisances" into the fold and, having accomplished this goal, found that its roll call of these "nuisances" soon began to increase by leaps and bounds. In the new edition of "The Big Book" appear twelve well authenticate self-confessions by former "menacing nuisances." The section is subtitled "They Stopped in Time" and it will, A.A. leaders hope, bring even more "menacing nuisances" into the organization. "Half the people coming into A.A. today are in this group," Bill W. says, "and the membership of this new class immediately identify with each other. Otherwise we couldn't keep them"
A persistent lack of control over your drinking even when you want to control it and when it is necessary that you do control it.
An underlying maladjustment from which the excessive drinking usually stems.
By such methods A.A. leaders estimate that they have now corralled 150,000 to 200,000 former alcoholics into their organization, although accurate membership figures are hard to come by, partly because all members of A.A. are allowed to make their own decisions on how closely they will work with the organization and partly because there are thousands of A.A.'s who, being isolated from cities where A A. groups are able to meet, must in their own words "stay sober" solely by means of "The Big Book." and by means of A.A.'s monthly magazine, The Grapevine. Sales figures of the first edition of the book alone reached a mammoth 300,000 copies -- a figure which has helped convince A.A. leaders that their membership extends far beyond their records. They know, for example, that by means of their tried-and-true methods the French membership has jumped a great deal from a time when the only A.A.'s in France were American alcoholics in Paris. They also know that A.A. has transcended many international boundaries which are normally not transcended: for example, A.A.'s meet together from both North and South Ireland, crossing the boundary line to do so. One boundary still to be got across, however: the Iron Curtain. But in time even this boundary as well as others may disappear for, as A.A. leaders say, they have a built-in self-perpetuating system: in order to stay cured every alcoholic has to spend some time helping another drunk to be cured or otherwise he may very well sink back into drunkenness himself.
Today for those alcoholics and potential alcoholics who would like to join A.A. but who are remote from all A.A. groups the new and revised edition of "The Big Book" is now available for $4.50 a copy. (To groups the price is $4.00) If you cannot find it in your local bookstore the book can be ordered from Box 459, Grand Central Terminal Annex, New York City. Nobody - not even A.A. leaders - can speculate what the demand for this book will be. Only one thing is certain: that is that this edition will do better saleswise than did the original edition when it was first published in 1939. In that year A.A. publishing Inc., was left with 5,000 copies of a book which nobody seemed to want and for which the unpaid printer's bills were so alarming that A.A. headquarters was actually visited by a deputy sheriff bearing a dispossess notice.Fortunately for everybody, however, the old Liberty Magazine published an article on the struggling organization and shortly thereafter John D.Rockefeller, Jr., sponsored a dinner for the organization. From that moment on A.A. was a success and so was "The Big Book."
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50% OFF ANY Handcrafted Beverage at Starbucks!(Check your Email) - Full Price...For What?!
Starbucks Fanatics, check your email to see if you have been chosen to participate in their new “Happy Hour” Program and get 50% OFF ANY Handcrafted Beverage. The 1st event is this Thursday 3/29 and you will have received an email to alert you that the offer has already been loaded to your account! You can apply it in the app when you order ahead, or just let the Barista know you will be redeeming an offer when you order.
The offer is valid 3/29 after 3PM. The email is worded in a way that makes me believe we will get more targeted offers like this in the future, so be sure to keep an eye out for emails from Starbucks!
Click here to sign up for My Starbucks Rewards, if you do not already have an account.
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Divisions of the four Gospels indicated in the margin of nearly all Greek and Latin manuscripts They are about 1165 in number; 355 for St. Matthew, 235 for St. Mark, 343 for St. Luke, and 232 for St. John; the numbers, however, vary slightly in different manuscripts Until recently it was commonly believed that these divisions were devised by Ammonius of Alexandria, at the beginning of the third century (c. 220), in connection with a Harmony of the Gospels, now lost, which he composed. He divided the four Gospels, it was said, into small numbered sections, which were similar in content where the narratives are parallel, and then wrote the sections of the three last Gospels, or simply the section numbers with the name of the respective evangelist, in parallel columns opposite the corresponding sections of the Gospel of St. Matthew, which he had chosen as the basis of his Harmony. Of late, however, the view has obtained among scholars that the work of Ammonius was restricted to what Eusebius states concerning it in his letter to Carpianus, namely, that he placed the parallel passages of the last three Gospels alongside the text of St. Matthew, and the sections hitherto credited to Ammonius are now ascribed to Eusebius (A.D. 265-340). At any rate the Harmony of Ammonius suggested to Eusebius, as he himself tells us (loc. cit.), the idea of drawing up ten tables (kanones) in which the sections in question were so classified as to show at a glance where each Gospel agreed with or differed from the others. In the first nine tables he placed in parallel columns the numbers of the sections common to the four, or three, or two, evangelists; namely: (1) Matthew, Mark, Luke, John; (2) Matthew, Mark, Luke; (3) Matthew, Luke, John; (4) Matthew, Mark, John; (5) Matthew, Luke; (6) Matthew, Mark; (7) Matthew, John; (8) Luke, Mark; (9) Luke, John. In the tenth he noted successively the sections special to each evangelist. The usefulness of these tables for the purpose of reference and comparison soon brought them into common use, and from the fifth century the Ammonian sections, with references to the Eusebian tables, were indicated in the margin of the manuscripts (It need hardly be said that our chapters and verses were not then in existence; the first date from the thirteenth, the latter from the sixteenth century.) Opposite each section was written its number, and underneath this the number of the Eusebian table to be consulted in order to find the parallel texts or text; a reference to the tenth table would of course show that this section was proper to that evangelist. These marginal notes are reproduced in several editions of Tischendorf's New Testament.
P.G., XXII, 1274-92; P.L., XXIX, 528-542; BURGON, The Last Twelve Verses of St. Mark (Oxford and London, 1871), 126 sq.; 295 sq. GUILLIAN, The Ammonian Sections (Oxford, 1890), 241 sq.; LEGENDRE in VIG., Dict. de la Bible (Paris, 1895), I, 493; II, 2051; HERZOG, Real-Encyclop., II, 404; IV, 425; GREGORY, Prolegom. Tischendorf., N. T. Græce (Leipzig, 1894), 143, 145; ZAHN, Einleitung in das Neue Testament (2 ed., Leipzig, 1900), II, 183, 194; GREGORY, Textkritik des N. T. (Leipzig, 1902), II, 861 sq.
MLA citation. Bechtel, Florentine. "Ammonian Sections." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01431a.htm>.
Transcription. This article was transcribed for New Advent by Vivek Gilbert John Fernandez. Dedicated to the wisdom and efforts of Ammonius of Alexandria and Eusebius.
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John Cotton (born October 30, 1970 in Houston, Texas) is a retired professional baseball player and an Olympic gold medalist in baseball. Cotton has played 15 seasons in minor league baseball, his last coming in 2003. Over his career, he has played in the Cleveland Indians organization (1989–1993), the San Diego Padres organization (1994–1995), the Detroit Tigers organization (1996), the Chicago White Sox organization (1997), the Chicago Cubs organization (1998), the Colorado Rockies organization (1999–2000), the Montreal Expos organization (2001), the Los Angeles Dodgers organization (2001), the Pittsburgh Pirates organization (2001), and independent league baseball (2002–2003). During the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games, Cotton won a gold medal as a member of the United States national baseball team. Cotton has batted .256 with 1361 hits, 237 doubles, 59 triples and 190 home runs in 1530 minor league games. On the defensive side, Cotton has played 457 career games at second base, 570 in the outfield, 162 games at third base, 191 at first base, 35 games at shortstop and one game at catcher.
Cotton was drafted by the Cleveland Indians in the tenth round of the 1989 Major League Baseball Draft out of Angelina College. He began his professional career with the rookie-level Burlington Indians. With Burlington, Cotton batted .207 with 47 hits, five doubles, one triples, and two home runs in 64 games. In the field, Cotton played all 64 games at second base and committed 29 errors in 306 total chances. The next season, 1990, Cotton played for the Class-A Short Season Watertown Indians. In 73 games that season, Cotton batted .210 with 60 hits, nine doubles, four triples, and two home runs. He played all of his 73 games at second base, committing 26 errors in 364 total chances. In 1991, Cotton played for the Class-A Columbus Indians. With Columbus, Cotton batted .227 with 88 runs, 92 hits, 11 doubles, nine triples, 13 home runs, 42 runs batted in (RBIs) and 57 stolen bases in 122 games. Cotton was promoted to the Class-A Advanced Kinston Indians in 1992. With Kinston, Cotton batted .200 with 67 runs, 72 hits, seven doubles, three triples, 11 home runs, 39 RBIs, and 23 stolen bases in 103 games. Cotton stayed with Kinston in 1993 and batted .264 with 81 runs, 120 hits, 16 doubles, three RBIs, 13 home runs, 51 RBIs, 28 stolen bases, and 24 caught stealing in 127 games. Cotton primarily played in the outfield (125 games) in 1993, compared the previous seasons where he primarily played second base.
Cotton began playing in the San Diego Padres' organization in 1995. He played at three different levels in the Padres' organization with three different teams that season. The teams included the Class-A Springfield Sultans, the Class-A Advanced Rancho Cucamonga Quakes, and the Double-A Memphis Chicks. With the Sultans, Cotton batted .232 with 14 runs, 19 hits, five doubles, three triples, one home run, eight RBIs, and seven stolen bases in 24 games. At the Class-A Advanced level, he batted .205 with 35 runs, 35 hits, three doubles, two triples, four home runs, 19 RBIs, and nine stolen bases in 48 games.
Since retiring from professional baseball, Cotton trained to be an emergency medical technician. He also enrolled into the Sugar Land Fire Academy and later became a firefighter with the Sugar Land Fire Department.
^ "10th Round of the 1989 MLB June Amateur Draft". Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference, LLC. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
^ a b "Q & A With Gold Medalist John Cotton". USA Baseball. United States Olympic Committee. May 27, 2010. Archived from the original on October 5, 2011. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
This page was last edited on 27 March 2018, at 03:02 (UTC).
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The district is well connected with the state capital and surrounding district headquarters through road and rail linkages. The road network consists of Express Highways, National Highways, State Highways and Major District Roads. The rail network consists of both broad gauge (Electrified and Non Electrified) double track as well as single track lines. The district headquarter has connectivity through airways for transport and trade to major airports within the country and to select international destinations. In spite of availability of perennial river stretches, there is no significant utilization of waterways in the district.
The district has total length of 13,642 km of roads(2001) of which 5394 km roads are Bituminous surface, 3554 km roads of waterbound macadam surface and 4694 km of other surface roads i.e. unmetalled road.The roads are classified according to their importance. Of the total road length in the district, 331km road length is covered by National Highways and 1368 km by State Highways. The major and other district roads have a total length of 5388 km, which passes through all the talukas. Almost all the villagesare well connected by waterbound macadam road. The total length of village roads is 6555 km.
National Highway No. 4 (Mumbai-Banglore) – The NH-4 passes through following places in the district: Khandala, Lonavala, talegaon, Chinchwad, Pune and Khed-Shivapur. It enters from Raigad district and exits in Satara district.Total length of NH4 in the district is 120 km. National Highway No. 9 (Pune-Solapur-Hyderabad )- The NH-9 starts at Pune district and passes through Loni, Bhigawan and Indapur. It exits in Solapur district. Total length of NH9 in the district is 152km. National Highway No. 50 (Pune-Nashik) – The NH-50 originates at Pune and passes through Chakan, Rajgurunagar, Manchar, Narayangaon, Aalephata and it exits in Nashik district. The total length of NH50 in the district is 95km.
The braod gauge single and double track rail length within the district have a total length of 311 km. Of these, single line is 162 km and the double line is 149 km. Pune and Daund are the two railway junctions in the district. Following are the three main railway routes passing through the district: Mumbai_pune_Solapur rail route Pune-Miraj rail route Daund-Baramti rail route.
Pune is well connected through domestic airlines with the entire country. The airport located at Lohgaon has recently aquired status of an international airport and is being used to carry domestic as well as international traffic. Also, it is proposed to develop an international air-cargo hub near Khed tahsil of district.
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The figures given next to some players are the number of times they scored more than 3 tries in a match during that particular season and not the number of tries scored.
1901/02 J. Hughes, Douglas, Peacock, Bown, I. Taylor.
1913/14 Reid, T. Higgins, Johnson.
1915/16 N/A - War Years.
1916/17 N/A - War Years.
1917/18 N/A - War Years.
1918/19 N/A - War Years.
1925/26 Gregory, J. Hoey 2.
1934/35 Owen 2, Shannon 2, McCue.
1937/38 Topping, A. Higgins, McCue.
1940/41 N/A - War Years.
1941/42 N/A - War Years.
1942/43 N/A - War Years.
1943/44 N/A - War Years.
1944/45 N/A - War Years.
1945/46 Reynolds, M. Roberts, Aaron, Hunt.
1958/59 F. Myler 5, Dawson 2, W. Thompson 2.
1967/68 Gaydon, O' Neill, Aspey.
1970/71 Brown 2, Lowe, Thompson.
1972/73 Ashton, O' Neill, Brown, Mills, McLoughlin, Laughton.
1974/75 Anderson 3, Aspey, Jenkins.
1977/78 Wright 3, Adams, George, Hughes.
1979/80 Bentley 2, Aspey, Hughes.
1982/83 D. Hulme, Wright, Camilleri, Cunningham, Lydon, Myler.
1983/84 Basnett 2, Lydon, Burke.
1986/87 Basnett 2, D. Hulme.
1988/89 Offiah 8, Thackray 2, Currier, Wright, Myers, D. Hulme.
1989/90 Offiah 5, Kebbie 3, Tait, Wright.
1990/91 Offiah 5, Davies 3, Currier, R. Eyres, Devereux.
1992/93 Devereux, Davies, Currier, McCurrie.
1997 Waring, Cassidy, Currier, Campbell.
2000 Cantillon 4, Munro, Cheetham, Verbickas.
2001 Cantillon 6, Percival 2, Knox, Craig.
2007 Grix 2, Kohe-Love, Moran 3, Webster, Nanyn 4, Wilkes, Dodd, Blanch, Gaskell.
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Do lions eat the organs of their prey, or can a lion survive only on muscle meat? I’ve seen this question asked online but clear answers are hard to find, at least not answers with sources backing them up. In an attempt to answer that question online I found that lion nutrition is an interesting topic, and this is the result of my intrepid Googling.
TL:DR Captive lions suffer serious nutritional deficiencies if fed only muscle meat. Lions preferentially eat the intestines and organs of prey animal, continuing to eat virtually everything else including some bones. Those organs and bones are essential to provide the vitamins and minerals required for good lion health.
The book The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator-Prey Relations by George B. Schaller gives a description of the feeding practices of the lions of the Serengeti. Very little of the animal is left uneaten by the lions.
The book goes on to say that the lions often gorge themselves first on the gut and internal organs first, suggesting a preference for the internal organs of the body, perhaps due the importance of these to their nutritional requirements in providing both fat and vitamins found in and around the gut.
Husbandry Guidelines for the African Lion by Annemarie Hillermann also provides some interesting details as to the nutritional requirements for lions. Perhaps unsurprisingly, feeding lions whole animal prey to eat is recommended as the simplest way to provide a balanced nutrition and diet for lions.
These guidelines go on to describe how obesity is a potential problem in captive lions. Given their sedentary lifestyle in captivity their food must be restricted to meet their needs, if given too much they will overeat. Additionally, starve days are recommended to mimic their natural feeding frequency.
ZUTRITION, another great source of information, has some comprehensive advice regarding the nutrition of lions.
“Cats are obligate carnivores. They derive most of their energy requirements from protein. The natural diet of cats is rich in proteins and therefore cats had no evolutionary need to synthesize as many amino acids as omnivores did. They have an absolute requirement for protein, and cannot synthesize the amino acids taurine, arginine, methionine and cystine. Meat diets will provide these amino acids, however diets that contain more carbohydrates may be deficient.
All-meat diets pose potential problems, however. A calcium:phosphorus ratio imbalance may lead to growth problems or metabolic bone disease. The Ca:P ratio in the body is 2:1. The Ca:P ratio to aim for in the diet is between 1:1 and 2:1. All-meat diets are high in phosphorous and have little-to-no calcium. They also may be lacking in vitamins A, E and D, which are found in adipose or organ tissues.
ZUTRITION has the following advice captive lion nutrition and the potential for nutritional deficiencies.
Lions seem to have a high requirement for preformed retinol (Vitamin A) and need a regular source of liver to supply this, particularly in young lions.
Thiamin deficiency can also occur, as also noted in this study, as lions have a high requirement for B vitamins.
Feeding lions a diet of chicken meat can also result in severe copper deficiency, also noted in this study in the United Arab Emirates where lions and other big cats are often kept as pets.
Copper Deficiency can result from feeding a diet almost exclusively comprised of poultry. This deficiency results in ataxia.
An imbalanced ratio of phosphorus to calcium, from feeding only meat and organ meats without any bones, is now understood to cause metabolic bone disease in lions. If an all muscle-meat or a muscle and organ meat diet is fed, the diet must be supplemented with some form of calcium.
It appears that big cats require a substantial amount of calcium from bone consumption to balance out the phosphorus in the meat and organ heavy diet.
The effects of this imbalanced calcium to phosphorus ratio in lions was noted early on in 1960 in a rather sad news article in the New Scientist magazine as the cause of a long-standing problem in captive lions.
Source: From New Scientist magazine, 12th May 1960.
A paper titled Nutritional and metabolic bone disease in a zoological population was published in 1976 detailing the health of two lion cubs suffering from multiple bone fractures and thin under-mineralised bones. This was attributed to them being fed a diet of muscle meat and offal, lacking in bones. As meat is high in phosphorus compared to calcium a high ratio between these minerals was suspected as causing these bone problems, although vitamin A poisoning could not be ruled out.
This entry was posted in lions, Nutrition, Research, Uncategorized and tagged carnivore, carnivorediet, diet, liondiet, lions, Nutrition, offal, organmeat. Bookmark the permalink.
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Trimming digital prints and sheet goods has never been easier The super size, self-healing mat is perfect for your production tables. Now you can cut razor straight on this thick, seamless mat. Available with alignment grid sheets, this translucent, non-glare mat looks great while it functions effortlessly. Make a cut, then another cut a hair away, mat doesn't gouge so every cut is flawlessly straight.
Mat length and width +/-1/4"
Your review: Excellent quality. I picked a good size 2' x 4'. But I could do with a smaller one because it wears so well. This mat doesn't get grooves in it or little pieces of fabric from using a rotary cutter on it.
Pros: I picked a good size 2' x 4'. But I could do with a smaller one because it wears so well.
Cons: The support piece that came with it has bends at both ends from being rolled and it still hasn't flattened out after a couple of weeks.
There are 2 questions and 1 answers for this product.
Is this mat suitable for sewing?
Hello Mary, we recommend using this mat for cutting over sewing as it is made of 1/4" thick, heavy duty material. Thank you for your interest in our product.
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DSLR cameras were everywhere at SXSW. With the constant event coverage, and the convergence between the Interactive and Film sessions, DSLR cameras were a point of interest for a large cross-section of the audience at the festival. From the Canon 7D to the Nikon D7000 - stunning but affordable video production is becoming mainstream and accessible to all professional-amateurs and full time producers alike.
One session moderated by Guy Kawaski explored the impacts of DSLR cameras on production and quality in video and filmmaking. DSLR Video DSLR Video and Beyond: The Impact of Emerging Technology on Filmmaking included Steve Heiner from Nikon, Blake Whitman of Vimeo, and Bill Frakes of Straw Hat Visuals. The session covered how more affordable and portable technologies are changing production, especially in independent cinema, journalism, and music videos.
DSLRs bring a new level of efficient quality, both in the smaller footprint for portability, but also in being less invasive and more natural while shooting on location. Bill Frakes highlighted how DLSRs have made new shot angles possible, as demonstrated in footage of and from a hot air balloon. He also described how the DSLR kit allowed him to shoot a poignant profile of an aging poet laureate without disrupting him in his quiet home with overbearing equipment.
DLSRs have also allowed videographers to dabble with photography and photographers to become familiar with moving images. Bill Frakes himself works primarily as a photographer, but the combination of formats in one device has allowed him to explore new expressive modes.
DSLR cameras have a unique ability to work with different lenses of all kinds, which introduces new artistic expression in shots. They also allow videopgraphers to capture incredible detail in low-light situations. That was especially important for capturing video at the sometimes dimly-lit panels at SXSW, and at all the awesome music and party events happening in the evenings at SXSW.
Paul made a great point: that DSLR cameras have democratized filmmaking in a whole new way, not only for online video, but for the moving image acquisition on the whole, and at every level of professionalism.
Sadly, I do not yet have a DSLR camera of my own, but I'm convinced that it's worth the [relatively affordable] investment to start producing more video! Since I'm in the market for one myself, I've pulled together a few useful resources to generate ideas for getting started with DSLR Video production.
CNet Digital SLR Buying Guide: CNet's cornered the tech review market, so this is a great starting point for comprehensive reviews.
DP Review's Buying a Digital SLR Guide: This can get a little technical, but really helps explain what you are looking for and why in a DSLR camera.
DSLR Video Film School from Vimeo. This is a lighthearted look at the basics to get you started.
EOS 7D: On-Camera Tutorials from Canon. These are all downloadable so you can play them in the field on your iPod or iPhone! They have specific tutorials for each camera, too.
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Exaptation (Stephen Jay Gould and Elisabeth Vrba's proposed replacement for what he considered the teleologically-loaded term "pre-adaptation") and the related term co-option describe a shift in the function of a trait during evolution. For example, a trait can evolve because it served one particular function, but subsequently it may come to serve another. Exaptations are common in both anatomy and behaviour. Bird feathers are a classic example: initially they may have evolved for temperature regulation, but later were adapted for flight. Interest in exaptation relates to both the process and products of evolution: the process that creates complex traits and the products (functions, anatomical structures, biochemicals, etc.) that may be imperfectly developed.
The idea that the function of a trait might shift during its evolutionary history originated with Charles Darwin (Darwin 1859). For many years the phenomenon was labeled "preadaptation", but since this term suggests teleology in biology, appearing to conflict with natural selection, it has been replaced by the term exaptation.
The idea had been explored by several scholars[a] when in 1982 Stephen Jay Gould and Elisabeth Vrba introduced the term "exaptation". However, this definition had two categories with different implications for the role of adaptation.
The definitions are silent as to whether exaptations had been shaped by natural selection after cooption, although Gould and Vrba cite examples (e.g., feathers) of traits shaped after cooption. Note that the selection pressure upon a trait is likely to change if it is (especially, primarily or solely) used for a new purpose, potentially initiating a different evolutionary trajectory.
To avoid these ambiguities, Buss et al. (1998) suggested the term "co-opted adaptation", which is limited to traits that evolved after cooption. However, the commonly used terms of "exaptation" and "cooption" are ambiguous in this regard.
In some circumstances, the "pre-" in preadaptation can be interpreted as applying, for non-teleological reasons, prior to the adaptation itself, creating a meaning for the term that is distinct from exaptation. For example, future environments (say, hotter or drier ones), may resemble those already encountered by a population at one of its current spatial or temporal margins. This is not actual foresight, but rather the luck of having adapted to a climate which later becomes more prominent. Cryptic genetic variation may have the most strongly deleterious mutations purged from it, leaving an increased chance of useful adaptations, but this represents selection acting on current genomes with consequences for the future, rather than foresight.
Function may not always come before form: developed structures could change or alter the primary functions they were intended for[by whom?] due to some structural or historical cause.
Exaptations include the co-option of feathers, which initially evolved for heat regulation, for display, and later for use in bird flight. Another example is the lungs of many basal fish, which evolved into the lungs of terrestrial vertebrates but also underwent exaptation to become the gas bladder, a buoyancy control organ, in derived fish. A third is the repurposing of two of the three bones in the reptilian jaw to become the malleus and incus of the mammalian ear, leaving the mammalian jaw with just one hinge.
A behavioural example pertains to subdominant wolves licking the mouths of lead wolves as a sign of submissiveness. (Similarly, dogs, which are wolves who through a long process were domesticated, lick the faces of their human owners.) This trait can be explained as an exaptation of wolf pups licking the faces of adults to encourage them to regurgitate food.
Arthropods provide the earliest identifiable fossils of land animals, from about 419 million years ago in the Late Silurian, and terrestrial tracks from about 450 million years ago appear to have been made by arthropods. Arthropods were well pre-adapted to colonize land, because their existing jointed exoskeletons provided support against gravity and mechanical components that could interact to provide levers, columns and other means of locomotion that did not depend on submergence in water.
Metabolism can be considered an important part of exaptation. As one of the oldest biological systems and being central to life on the Earth, studies have shown that metabolism may be able to use exaptation in order to be fit, given some new set of conditions or environment. Studies have shown that up to 44 carbon sources are viable for metabolism to successfully take place and that any one adaptation in these specific metabolic systems is due to multiple exaptations. Taking this perspective, exaptations are important in the origination of adaptations in general. A recent example comes from Richard Lenski's E. coli long-term evolution experiment, in which aerobic growth on citrate arose in one of twelve populations after 31,000 generations of evolution. Genomic analysis by Blount and colleagues showed that this novel trait was due to a gene duplication that caused oxic expression of a citrate transporter gene that is normally only expressed under anoxic conditions, thus exapting it for aerobic use. Metabolic systems have the potential to innovate without adaptive origins.
Gould and Brosius took the concept of exaptation to the genetic level. It is possible to look at a retroposon, originally thought to be simply junk DNA, and deduce that it may have gotten a new function to be termed as an exaptation. Given an emergency situation in the past, a species may have used junk DNA for a useful purpose in order to evolve and be able to survive. This may have occurred with mammalian ancestors when confronted with a large mass extinction about 250 million years ago and substantial increase in the level of oxygen in Earth's atmosphere. More than 100 loci have been found to be conserved only among mammalian genomes and are thought to have essential roles in the generation of features such as the placenta, diaphragm, mammary glands, neocortex, and auditory ossicles. It is believed that as a result of exaptation, or making previously "useless" DNA into DNA that could be used in order to increase survival chance, mammals were able to generate new brain structures as well as behavior to better survive the mass extinction and adapt to new environments. Similarly, viruses and their components have been repeatedly exapted for host functions. The functions of exapted viruses typically involve either defense from other viruses or cellular competitors or transfer of nucleic acids between cells, or storage functions. Koonin and Krupovic suggested that virus exaptation can reach different depths, from recruitment of a fully functional virus to exploitation of defective, partially degraded viruses, to utilization of individual virus proteins.
It was speculated by Gould and Vrba in one of the first papers written about exaptation, that when an exaptation arises, it may not be perfectly suited for its new role and may therefore develop new adaptations to promote its use in a better manner. In other words, the beginning of developing a particular trait starts out with a primary adaptation toward a fit or specific role, followed by a primary exaptation (a new role is derived using the existing feature but may not be perfect for it), which in turn leads to the development of a secondary adaptation (the feature is improved by natural selection for better performance), promoting further development of an exaptation, and so forth.
Once again, feathers are an important example, in that they may have first been adapted for thermoregulation and with time became useful for catching insects, and therefore served as a new feature for another benefit. For instance, large contour feathers with specific arrangements arose as an adaptation for catching insects more successfully, which eventually led to flight, since the larger feathers served better for that purpose.
One of the challenges to Darwin's theory of evolution was explaining how complex structures could evolve gradually, given that their incipient forms may have been inadequate to serve any function. As George Jackson Mivart (a critic of Darwin) pointed out, 5 percent of a bird wing would not be functional. The incipient form of complex traits would not have survived long enough to evolve to a useful form.
As Darwin elaborated in the last edition of The Origin of Species, many complex traits evolved from earlier traits that had served different functions. By trapping air, primitive wings would have enabled birds to efficiently regulate their temperature, in part, by lifting up their feathers when too warm. Individual animals with more of this functionality would more successfully survive and reproduce, resulting in the proliferation and intensification of the trait.
Eventually, feathers became sufficiently large to enable some individuals to glide. These individuals would in turn more successfully survive and reproduce, resulting in the spread of this trait because it served a second and still more beneficial function: that of locomotion. Hence, the evolution of bird wings can be explained by a shifting in function from the regulation of temperature to flight.
Darwin explained how the traits of living organisms are well-designed for their environment, but he also recognized that many traits are imperfectly designed. They appear to have been made from available material, that is, jury-rigged.[b] Understanding exaptations may suggest hypotheses regarding subtleties in the adaptation. For instance, that feathers evolved initially for thermal regulation may help to explain some of their features unrelated to flight (Buss et al., 1998). However, this is readily explained by the fact that they serve a dual purpose.
Some of the chemical pathways for physical pain and pain from social exclusion overlap. The physical pain system may have been co-opted to motivate social animals to respond to threats to their inclusion in the group.
Exaptation has received increasing attention in innovation and management studies inspired by evolutionary dynamics, where it has been proposed as a mechanism that drives the serendipitous expansion of technologies and products in new domains.
^ See Jacob (1977) and Mayr (1982) for references.
^ Jacob (1977) sees much of evolution as "tinkering," that is, working with available traits. "Tinkering" includes (but is not limited to) shifts in function.
^ Gould & Vrba 1982.
^ Bock, W.J. (1959). "Preadaptation and multiple evolutionary pathways". Evolution. 13 (2): 194–211. doi:10.2307/2405873. JSTOR 2405873.
^ Hayden, Eric J.; Ferrada, Evandro; Wagner, Andreas (2 June 2011). "Cryptic genetic variation promotes rapid evolutionary adaptation in an RNA enzyme". Nature. 474 (7349): 92–95. doi:10.1038/nature10083. PMID 21637259.
^ a b Jacob, F. (1977). "Evolution and tinkering". Science. 196 (4295): 1161–6. doi:10.1126/science.860134. PMID 860134.
^ Mayr, Ernst (1982). The Growth of Biological Thought: Diversity, Evolution, and Inheritance. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-36445-5.
^ a b Masel, Joanna (March 2006). "Cryptic Genetic Variation Is Enriched for Potential Adaptations". Genetics. 172 (3): 1985–1991. doi:10.1534/genetics.105.051649. PMC 1456269. PMID 16387877.
^ Rajon, E.; Masel, J. (2011). "Evolution of molecular error rates and the consequences for evolvability". PNAS. 108 (3): 1082–1087. doi:10.1073/pnas.1012918108. PMC 3024668. PMID 21199946.
^ Colleen Farmer (1997). "Did Lungs and the Intracardiac Shunt Evolve to Oxygenate the Heart in Vertebrates?". Paleobiology. 23 (3): 358–372. doi:10.1017/S0094837300019734. JSTOR 2401109.
^ "Jaws to ears in the ancestors of mammals". UC Berkeley. Retrieved 20 January 2018.
^ "accessed May 16, 2008". Wolf.org. Retrieved 2013-12-17.
^ Cowen, R. (2000-04-14). History of Life (3rd ed.). Blackwell Science. p. 126. ISBN 978-0-632-04444-3.
^ Barve, Aditya; Wagner, Andreas (2013). "A latent capacity for evolutionary innovation through exaptation in metabolic systems". Nature. 500 (7461): 203–206. doi:10.1038/nature12301. PMID 23851393.
^ Blount, Zachary D.; Borland, Christina Z.; Lenski, Richard E. (2008). "Historical contingency and the evolution of a key innovation in an experimental population of Escherichia coli". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 105 (23): 7899–7906. doi:10.1073/pnas.0803151105. ISSN 1091-6490. PMC 2430337. PMID 18524956.
^ Blount, Zachary D.; Barrick, Jeffrey E.; Davidson, Carla J.; Lenski, Richard E. (2012). "Genomic analysis of a key innovation in an experimental Escherichia coli population". Nature. 489 (7417): 513–518. doi:10.1038/nature11514. PMC 3461117. PMID 22992527.
^ Brosius, Jürgen (1991). "Retroposons--seeds of evolution". Science. 251 (4995): 753. doi:10.1126/science.1990437. PMID 1990437.
^ Brosius, Jürgen; Gould, Stephen Jay (1992). "On "genomenclature": a comprehensive (and respectful) taxonomy for pseudogenes and other "junk DNA"". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 89 (22): 10706–10. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.22.10706. PMC 50410. PMID 1279691.
^ Okada, Norihiro (14 July 2010). "Emergence of mammals by emergency: exaptation". Genes to Cells. 15 (8): 801–812. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2443.2010.01429.x. PMID 20633052.
^ Koonin, EV; Krupovic, M (2018). "The depths of virus exaptation". Current Opinion in Virology. 31: 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2018.07.011. PMID 30071360.
^ The development of complex structures (i.e., evolution of novelties) occur either by intensification of an existing function or by a switch in functions.
^ Andriani, Pierpaolo; Cattani, Gino (2016). "Exaptation as source of creativity, innovation, and diversity: Introduction to the Special Section". Industrial and Corporate Change. 25: 115–131. doi:10.1093/icc/dtv053.
Darwin, Charles (1859). "On the origin and transitions of organic beings with peculiar habits and structure". On the Origin of Species (1st ed.). London: John Murray. pp. 179–186.
Darwin, Charles (1872). "Difficulties of the theory". The Origin of Species (6th ed.). London: John Murray. pp. 138–143.
Ehrlich, Paul, and Marcus Feldman (2003) "Genes and Culture: What Creates Our Behavioral Phenome?," Current Anthropology, 44 (February):87–107. Included are comments and a reply.
Gould, Stephen Jay; Vrba, Elizabeth S. (1982). "Exaptation — a missing term in the science of form" (PDF). Paleobiology. 8 (1): 4–15. doi:10.1017/S0094837300004310. JSTOR 2400563.
Gould, Stephen Jay (1991). "Exaptation: A Crucial Tool for an Evolutionary Psychology". Journal of Social Issues. 47 (3): 43–65. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1991.tb01822.x.
MacDonald, G.; Leary, M.R. (2005). "Why does social exclusion hurt? The relationship between social and physical pain". Psychological Bulletin. 131 (2): 202–23. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.335.4272. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.2.202. PMID 15740417.
which points to additional webpages.
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A new standard "EN 10025-1:2004 Hot rolled products of structural steels" has been operative from 1st September 2005 and concerns the conditions covering CE marking for products within the scope of "CPD – Construction Products Directive".
According to the new regulations, CE marking shall be placed on all structural products within the scope of the harmonisation standard EN 10025-1.
It is important to note the main conditions, such as the fixing of the CE marking itself, the additional information that should accompany the marking and the content of the EC declaration and certificate of conformity are requirements in relation to the completed construction works.
There will be a transitional period, where the manufacturer, whose products fall within the scope of the new regulations, shall be allowed to choose whether to apply the standard and CE marking on his products or apply the national construction conformity markings. However, from 1st September 2006, the new standard must replace any mandatory conformity markings having the same scope as the CE marking which exist in the national laws, regulations and administrative provisions of Member States before harmonisation occurred. In other words, if the final construction works are expected to be completed after the end of the transitional period, i.e. after 1st September 2006, the manufacturer must ensure that the materials used in the construction conform to the CE marking requirements. In general, CE marking shall be required from 1st September 2006 if the manufacturer wants to sell to the 25 EU and 3 EFTA member states.
The same principles above apply to imported products. It is the responsibility of the importer/ person placing the product on the EU/EFTA market to ensure that the product is correctly CE-marked.
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Channel 33 (Hebrew: ערוץ 33; Arutz Shloshim VeShalosh) is an Israeli public terrestrial channel, operated by the Israel Broadcasting Authority (IBA), which is primarily designated for Arabic-speaking viewers.
The channel was launched in 1994 as a result of the Israeli-Palestinian peace-process. The Israeli prime-minister Itzhak Rabin decided to establish a government-operated satellite channel in Arabic, which was intended for viewers in neighbouring Arab countries. Soon after the establishment, the channel began to relay broadcasts from the Knesset, the Israeli parliament.
In early 1998, in light of the low viewers-rating, the channel had assigned a new brand, in hope that it will attract more viewers. The new brand was "Channel 33" with the slogan "Channel 33 - Much more interesting!".
The name "Channel 33" was chosen since the channel is relayed at station no. 33 in the Israeli cable systems.
In 2002, the IBA established a third TV channel - IBA Arabic Channel - which was intended for Arabic-speaking viewers in foreign countries (ironically, this was the original purpose that Channel 33 was established for) and for Arabic-speaking Israelis. For the latter purpose, the "Israel Television in Arabic" department of the IBA, which until then broadcast on IBA Channel 1 2–4 hours a day, had moved to the new channel, where Channel 1 was left only with Hebrew programming. Some years earlier, in 1985, Israel Television in Arabic had been awarded the prestigious Israel Prize, for its special contribution to society and the State. IBA Arabic Channel was broadcasting via the European Hotbird satellite.
Due to lack in Arabic programs, the channel also broadcast reruns from IBA's Channel 1 and Channel 33.
A couple of years after the establishment, IBA had realised that it cannot financially support three TV channels, and decided to merge Channel 33 with the Arabic channel into a new IBA "Channel 3 - Middle East" in early 2004.
As a result, Channel 33 replaced IBA Arabic Channel on the European satellite in April 2004, and began an all-Europe coverage. Additionally, Channel 33 began a terrestrial transmission throughout Israel, in order to relay Arabic programming to Arabic-speaking Israelis.
Due to the merge of IBA's Arabic channel and Channel 33, there was little air-time left in the unified channel to relay to Knesset sessions. Because of that, and an initiative to establish a parliament channel (like CSPAN in the U.S) the Knesset passed a new law - "TV Transmission from the Knesset" in 2004 which led to the establishment of the "Knesset Channel", following a public tender in which the IBA had lost the concession to "The Second news company". Starting May 3, 2004, the Knesset broadcasts are relayed in the new dedicated Knesset Channel.
The Channel is dedicated primarily to Arab-speaking viewers.
Due to financial reasons, the IBA had to cut the all-European coverage of Channel 33 through the European Hotbird satellite, a move that affected many viewers of the channel. As of today, the channel is relayed terrestrially in Israel, and by the Israeli AMOS satellite on its Middle-East beam. There are plans to turn Channel 33 in a news and information station broadcasting in Hebrew, Arabic and English along the lines of Reshet Bet, the popular public radio station. In 2013, IBA Channel 33 is expected to resume all-European coverage through the Hotbird satellite.
In September 2011 it was announced that Channel 33 will relaunch as a news and culture channel broadcasting In Hebrew, Arabic and English. The channel will be supported by the Channel 1 news department and the popular news radio station Reshet Bet. First pilot transmissions will be conducted from May between 0800 and 1600, with Arabic programming continuing to dominate primetime. The channel will be broadcast live on the Internet.
↑ "Israel Prize Official Site - Recipients in 1985 (in Hebrew)".
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A few days before the House of Representatives passed a federal ban on marijuana in June 1937, the Republican minority leader, Bertrand Snell of New York, confessed, "I do not know anything about the bill." The Democratic majority leader, Sam Rayburn of Texas, educated him. "It has something to do with something that is called marihuana," Rayburn said. "I believe it is a narcotic of some kind.
That exchange gives you a sense of how much thought Congress gave marijuana prohibition before approving it. Legislators who had heard of the plant knew it as the "killer weed" described by Federal Bureau of Narcotics Commissioner Harry Anslinger, who claimed marijuana turned people into homicidal maniacs and called it "the most violence-causing drug in the history of mankind." Anslinger warned that "marihuana causes white women to seek sexual relations with Negroes" and estimated that half the violent crimes in areas occupied by "Mexicans, Greeks, Turks, Filipinos, Spaniards, Latin Americans, and Negroes may be traced to the use of marihuana."
Given this background, no one should pretend that marijuana prohibition was carefully considered or that it was driven by science, as opposed to ignorance and blind prejudice. It is hard to rationally explain why Congress, less than four years after Americans had emphatically rejected alcohol prohibition, thought it was a good idea to ban a recreational intoxicant that is considerably less dangerous.
It is relatively easy, for example, to die from acute alcohol poisoning, since the ratio of the lethal dose to the dose that gives you a nice buzz is about 10 to 1. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 2,200 Americans die from alcohol overdoses each year. By contrast, there has never been a documented human death from a marijuana overdose. Based on extrapolations from animal studies, the ratio of the drug's lethal dose to its effective dose is something like [url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zXxX3e1iXfgC&pg=PA152&lpg=PA152&dq=lethal+to+effective+dose+marijuana+"40,000+to+1"&source=bl&ots=QzkfuaSoKB&sig=OzTolrXpfUyEDvfz79zMO3u2M7c&hl=en&sa=X&ei=atVUVfKTO8GLNsKTgdgP&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=lethal to effective dose marijuana "40%2C000 to 1"&f=false]40,000 to 1[/url].
There is also a big difference between marijuana and alcohol when it comes to the long-term effects of excessive consumption. Alcoholics suffer gross organ damage of a kind that is not seen even in the heaviest pot smokers, affecting the liver, brain, pancreas, kidneys, and stomach. The CDC attributesmore than 38,000 deaths a year to three dozen chronic conditions caused or aggravated by alcohol abuse.
Another 12,500 alcohol-related deaths in the CDC's tally occur in traffic accidents, and marijuana also has an advantage on that score. Although laboratory studies indicate that marijuana can impair driving ability, its effects are not nearly as dramatic as alcohol's. In fact, marijuana's impact on traffic safety is so subtle that it is difficult to measure in the real world.
Last February the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) released the results of "the first large-scale [crash risk] study in the United States to include drugs other than alcohol," which it described as "the most precisely controlled study of its kind yet conducted." The researchers found that once the data were adjusted for confounding variables, cannabis consumption was not associated with an increased probability of getting into an accident.
That does not mean stoned drivers never cause accidents. One challenge in assessing the extent of the problem is that many of the drivers who test positive for marijuana are not actually impaired, since traces of the drug can be detected long after its effects wear off. That means marijuana-impaired drivers get mixed in with drivers who happen to be cannabis consumers but are not under the influence while on the road, which would tend to mask the drug's role in crashes. Still, alcohol is clearly a much bigger factor in traffic fatalities.
Last year, during a congressional hearing on the threat posed by stoned drivers, a NHTSA official was asked how many traffic fatalities are caused by marijuana each year. "That's difficult to say," replied Jeff Michael, NHTSA's associate administrator for research and program development. "We don't have a precise estimate." The most he was willing to affirm was that the number is "probably not" zero.
The likelihood of addiction is another way that marijuana looks less dangerous than alcohol. Based on data from the National Comorbidity Survey, about 15 percent of drinkers qualify as "dependent" at some point in their lives, compared to 9 percent of cannabis consumers. That difference may be especially significant given the link between heavy alcohol consumption and premature death.
All told, the CDC estimates that alcohol causes 88,000 deaths a year in the United States. It has no equivalent estimate for marijuana. We may reasonably assume, along with Jeff Michael, that marijuana's death toll is more than zero, if only because people under the influence of cannabis occasionally have fatal accidents. But the lack of a definitive answer highlights marijuana's relative safety, which points to a potentially important benefit of repealing prohibition: To the extent that more pot smoking is accompanied by less drinking, an increase in cannabis consumption could lead to a net reduction in drug-related disease and death.
The comparison of alcohol and marijuana presents an obvious challenge to anyone who thinks the government bans drugs because they are unacceptably dangerous. If anything, that rationale suggests marijuana should be legal while alcohol should be banned, rather than the reverse. Judging from this example, the distinctions drawn by our drug laws have little, if anything, to do with what science tells us about the relative hazards of different intoxicants.
When dry activists sought to ban alcoholic beverages, they went through the arduous process of changing the Constitution, which prior to the ratification of the 18th amendment in 1919 did not authorize Congress to prohibit the production and sale of "intoxicating liquors." When Congress banned marijuana in 1937, it did so in the guise of the Marihuana Tax Act , a revenue measure that authorized onerous regulations ostensibly aimed at collecting taxes on production and distribution, with severe penalties for noncompliance. But by the time marijuana prohibition was incorporated into the Controlled Substances Act of 1970, there was no need for such subterfuge. Instead Congress relied on its constitutional authority to "regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the several states."
The Commerce Clause, which was part of the original Constitution, did not change between 1937 and 1970. But beginning with a series of New Deal cases, the Supreme Court stretched its meaning to accommodate pretty much anything Congress wanted to do. In the 1942 case Wickard v. Filburn, for example, the Court said the Commerce Clause authorized punishment of an Ohio farmer for exceeding his government-imposed wheat quota, even though the extra grain never left his farm, let alone the state.
The Court went even further in the 2005 case Gonzales v. Raich, ruling that the federal government's power to regulate interstate commerce extends even to homegrown marijuana used for medical purposes by a California patient in compliance with state law. That decision, unlike Wickard, applied not just to production but to mere possession. According to the Court, the Commerce Clause encompasses the tiniest trace of marijuana in a cancer patient's drawer. "If Congress can regulate this under the Commerce Clause," observed dissenting Justice Clarence Thomas, "then it can regulate virtually anything—and the Federal Government is no longer one of limited and enumerated powers."
Many conservatives who pay lip service to the Constitution and the system of federalism it is supposed to protect nevertheless seem comfortable with this audacious assertion of congressional authority. In fact, they complain that the Obama administration is not using the Controlled Substances Act to shut down the newly legal marijuana markets in Colorado and Washington. Either they do not really believe in federalism or they cannot think straight when they smell marijuana.
Even if marijuana prohibition were consistent with science and the Constitution, it would be inconsistent with basic principles of morality. It is patently unfair to treat marijuana merchants like criminals while treating liquor dealers like legitimate businessmen, especially in light of the two drugs' relative hazards. It is equally perverse to arrest cannabis consumers while leaving drinkers unmolested.
Peaceful activities such as growing a plant or selling its produce cannot justify the violence that is required to enforce prohibition. In the name of stopping people from getting high, police officers routinely commit acts that would be universally recognized as assault, burglary, theft, kidnapping, and even murder were it not for laws that draw arbitrary lines between psychoactive substances.
The main justification for those laws is protecting people from their own bad decisions. The hope is that prohibition will deter a certain number of people who otherwise would not only try marijuana but become self-destructively attached to it. Toward that end, police in the United States arrest hundreds of thousands of people on marijuana charges each year—nearly 700,000 in 2013, the vast majority for simple possession. While most of those marijuana offenders do not spend much time behind bars, about 40,000 people are serving sentences as long as life for growing or distributing cannabis. And even if marijuana offenders do not go to jail or prison, they still suffer public humiliation, legal costs, inconvenience, lost jobs, and all the lasting ancillary penalties of a criminal arrest.
Note that the people bearing these costs are not, by and large, the people who receive the purported benefits of prohibition. The person who, thanks to prohibition, never becomes a pathetic pothead goes about his life undisturbed while other people—people who never hurt him or anyone else—pay for the mistakes he avoids. Even paternalists should be troubled by the distribution of these burdens.
The only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilised community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others. His own good, either physical or moral, is not a sufficient warrant….Over himself, over his own body and mind, the individual is sovereign.
Marijuana prohibition, along with the rest of the war on drugs, is a flagrant violation of this principle. It is a moral outrage built on a mountain of lies.
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0.999983 |
To better understand how harmonic currents affect transformers one must first understand the basic construction. For power transformers up to about 50 MVA, the typical construction is core form. The low-voltage winding is generally placed next to the core leg, with the high-voltage winding wound concentrically over the low-voltage winding.
For some high-current transformers, these windings may be reversed, with the low-voltage winding wound on the outside over the high-voltage coil. The core and coils are held together with core clamps, and the core and coil is generally enclosed by a tank or enclosure.
Losses in the transformer can be broken down into core loss, no-load loss, and load loss. Load losses can be further broken down into I^2R loss and stray loss. Stray loss can be further broken down into eddy current losses and other stray losses.
Electromagnetic fields from the ac currents produce voltages across conductors, causing eddy currents to flow in them. This increases the conductor loss and operating temperature. Other stray losses are due to losses in structures other than the windings, such as core clamps and tank or enclosure walls.
The region of maximum eddy-current losses is the upper region of the winding, near the high–low barrier. The same usually exists at the bottom of the transformer winding as well, but it is typically the upper region that has the most damaging effects, as it is in a higher ambient temperature of liquid or air. Core-loss components can be broken down into core eddy loss, hysteresis loss, and winding-excitation loss.
These losses are a function of the grade of core steel, the lamination thickness, the type of core and joint, the operating frequency, the destruction factor during manufacture, and the core induction. Harmonic currents can create harmonic voltage distortions and somewhat increase the core loss, the exciting current, and sound levels while leading to potential core-saturation problems.
However, this is not considered to be the main cause of problems in rectifier transformers. ANSI/IEEE C57.18.10 does not calculate any effect on the core loss by the harmonic currents.
Other stray losses are generally proportional to the current squared times the harmonic frequency order to the 0.8 power, as shown earlier in Equation 2.4.2. Metallic parts will increase in temperature, and load loss will increase.
These losses are generally not detrimental to the life of the transformer as long as the insulating system is not damaged. The metallic parts typically affected are the core clamps, winding clamping structures, and tank or enclosure walls.
The use of nonmagnetic materials, magnetic shields, conductive shields, increased magnetic clearances, and interleaving of high-current buswork are useful methods in reducing the stray losses that are amplified by the harmonic currents.
Eddy-current losses in the windings are affected mostly by harmonic currents. The eddy-current loss is proportional to the square of the load current and the square of the harmonic frequency. These losses are increased in the hottest-spot area of the winding and can lead to early insulation failure.
The transformer designer must make efforts to reduce the winding eddycurrent losses due to the harmonic amplification of these losses. Careful winding and impedance balances, dimensioning of the conductors, and transposition of the conductors are useful methods in this effort.
I^2R losses increase as the rms current of the transformer increases. A transformer with a higher harmonic spectrum will draw more current from the system.
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Hedge funds are a specific type of investment fund. They can generate profits not only at a time when stock exchanges are growing, but also when they are falling. The performance of hedge funds usually does not match stock market performance. They do not usually invest in equities themselves, but in equity derivatives or other strategies based on automated investment systems, where the computer often analyzes the market situation and makes decisions itself.
They do not determine what strategy they will invest in, but rather use so-called multistrategies. They do not specify that they invest only in equities, e. g. The Group is also involved in the purchase of raw material companies or only in bonds. They have a broad horizon of action. They are looking for all the opportunities that give a good chance of a substantial return on investment. In their portfolios they may have shares of companies that intend to enter the stock exchange, as well as companies that already operate on the stock exchange.
In addition, they can invest in futures contracts, stock options, raw materials or real estate. Hedgins have such an advantage over traditional funds that they can use short selling strategies. Ordinary fund e. g. buys the shares of a company that is listed on the stock exchange and holds its shares at all times. Hedgins, on the other hand, can be e. g. One day buy, make some profits from these shares and after a few days sell them.
How much can be made on such hedge funds?
This is difficult to determine precisely.
2. A large variety of financial instruments in which a hedge fund invests: shares, currencies, futures contracts, options; additionally, they can also invest on the commodity market, e. g. oil, gold, silver, silver, copper, diamonds.
3. The use of financial leverage that makes it possible to invest less capital and generate profits as if a larger amount was invested.
4. Fund managers often have their own savings, which further increases their motivation to work.
5. Hedge funds, like conventional funds, charge management fees and performance fees at the end of a given trading period; this acts as an additional incentive for managers.
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0.999239 |
Let κ be an uncountable regular cardinal. Call an equivalence relation on functions from κ into 2 second order definable over H(κ) if there exists a second order sentence ϕ and a parameter P ⊆ H(κ) such that functions f and g from κ into 2 are equivalent iff the structure ⟨ H(κ), ∈, P, f, g ⟩ satisfies ϕ. The possible numbers of equivalence classes of second order definable equivalence relations include all the nonzero cardinals at most κ⁺. Additionally, the possibilities are closed under unions and products of at most κ cardinals. We prove that these are the only restrictions: Assuming that GCH holds and λ is a cardinal with $λ^κ = λ$, there exists a generic extension where all the cardinals are preserved, there are no new subsets of cardinality < κ, $2^κ = λ$, and for all cardinals μ, the number of equivalence classes of some second order definable equivalence relation on functions from κ into 2 is μ iff μ is in Ω, where Ω is any prearranged subset of λ such that 0 ∉ Ω, Ω contains all the nonzero cardinals ≤ κ⁺, and Ω is closed under unions and products of at most κ cardinals.
Department of Mathematics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, U.S.A.
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This article is about the country in Africa. For the city, see Liberia, Costa Rica.
Liberia i/laɪˈbɪəriə/, officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Sierra Leone on the west, Guinea on the north and Côte d'Ivoire on the east. Liberia's coastline is composed of mostly mangrove forests while the more sparsely populated inland consists of forests that open to a plateau of drier grasslands. The country possesses 40% of the remaining Upper Guinean rainforest. Liberia has a hot equatorial climate, with significant rainfall during the May to October rainy season and harsh harmattan winds the remainder of the year. Liberia covers an area of 111,369 km2 (43,000 sq mi) and is home to about 3.7 million people. English is the official language, while over 30 indigenous languages are spoken within the country.
Liberia is one of only two modern countries in Sub-Saharan Africa without roots in the European Scramble for Africa. Beginning in 1820, the region was colonized by freed American slaves with the help of the American Colonization Society, a private organization that believed ex-slaves would have greater freedom and equality in Africa. Slaves freed from slave ships were also sent there instead of being repatriated to their countries of origin. In 1847, these colonists founded the Republic of Liberia, establishing a government modeled on that of the United States and naming the capital city Monrovia after James Monroe, the fifth president of the United States and a prominent supporter of the colonization. The colonists, known as Americo-Liberians, monopolized the political and economic sectors of the country despite comprising only a small percentage of the largely indigenous population.
The country began to modernize in the 1940s following investment by the United States during World War II and economic liberalization under President William Tubman. Liberia was a founding member of the United Nations and the Organization of African Unity. A military coup overthrew the Americo-Liberian establishment in 1980, marking the beginning of political and economic instability and two successive civil wars that left approximately 250,000 people dead and devastated the country's economy. A 2003 peace deal led to democratic elections in 2005. Today, Liberia is recovering from the lingering effects of the civil war and related economic dislocation, with about 85% of the population living below the international poverty line.
The Pepper Coast has been inhabited at least as far back as the 12th century, perhaps earlier. Mende-speaking people expanded westward from Sudan, forcing many smaller ethnic groups southward towards the Atlantic ocean. The Dei, Bassa, Kru, Gola and Kissi were some of the earliest recorded arrivals. This influx was compounded by the decline of the Western Sudanic Mali Empire in 1375 and later in 1591 with the Songhai Empire. Additionally, inland regions underwent desertification, and inhabitants were pressured to move to the wetter coast. These new inhabitants brought skills such as cotton spinning, cloth weaving, iron smelting, rice and sorghum cultivation, and social and political institutions from the Mali and Songhai Empires. Shortly after the Manes conquered the region, the Vai people of the former Mali Empire immigrated to into the Grand Cape Mount region. The ethnic Kru opposed the influx of Vai, forming an alliance with the Manes to stop further influx of Vai.
People along the coast built canoes and traded with other West Africans from Cap-Vert to the Gold Coast. Between 1461 and late 17th century, Portuguese, Dutch and British traders had contacts and trading posts in the region. The Portuguese named the area Costa da Pimenta, meaning Pepper Coast but later translated as Grain Coast, because of the abundance of grains of melegueta pepper. European traders would barter various commodities and goods with local people. When the Kru began trading with Europeans, they initially traded in commodities, but later they actively participated in the African slave trade.
In 1820, the American Colonization Society (ACS) began sending black volunteers to the Pepper Coast to establish a colony for freed American slaves. The ACS, a private organization supported by prominent American politicians such as Henry Clay and James Monroe, believed repatriation was preferable to emancipation of slaves. Similar organizations established colonies in Mississippi-in-Africa and the Republic of Maryland, which were later annexed by Liberia. On July 26, 1847, the settlers issued a Declaration of Independence and promulgated a constitution, which created the independent Republic of Liberia.
The new nation largely excluded the indigenous population from the country's affairs. The 1865 Ports of Entry Act prohibited foreign commerce with the inland tribes. In 1877, the Americo-Liberian True Whig Party monopolized political power in the country. Competition for office was usually contained within the party, whose nomination virtually ensured election. Pressure from the United Kingdom and France led to a loss of Liberia's claims to extensive territories, which were annexed by the colonial powers. Economic development was hindered by the decline of markets for Liberian goods in the late 19th century and by indebtedness on a series of international loans. In Liberia's early years, the Americo-Liberian settlers periodically encountered stiff and sometimes violent opposition from indigenous Africans, who were excluded from citizen's rights in the new Republic until 1904.
In the mid-20th century, Liberia gradually began to modernize with American assistance. Both the Freeport of Monrovia and Roberts International Airport were built by U.S. personnel through the Lend-Lease program during World War II. President William Tubman encouraged foreign investment in the country, resulting in the second-highest rate of economic growth in the world during the 1950s. Liberia also began to take a more active role in international affairs. It was a founding member of the United Nations in 1945 and became a vocal critic of the South African apartheid regime. Liberia also served as a proponent both of African independence from the European colonial powers and of Pan-Africanism, helping to found the Organization of African Unity.
On April 12, 1980, a military coup led by Master Sergeant Samuel Doe of the indigenous Krahn ethnic group overthrew and killed President William R. Tolbert, Jr.. Doe and the other plotters later executed a majority of Tolbert's cabinet and other Americo-Liberian government officials and True Whig Party members. The coup leaders formed the People's Redemption Council (PRC) to govern the country. A strategic Cold War ally, Doe received significant financial backing from the United States, even as critics condemned the PRC for corruption and political repression. After the country adopted a new constitution in 1985, Doe was elected president in subsequent elections that were internationally condemned as fraudulent. On November 12, 1985, a failed counter-coup was launched by Thomas Quiwonkpa, whose soldiers briefly occupied the national radio station. Government repression intensified in response, as Doe's troops massacred members of the Gio and Mano ethnic groups in Nimba County.
The National Patriotic Front of Liberia, a rebel group led by Charles Taylor, launched an insurrection in December 1989 against Doe's government with the backing of neighboring countries such as Burkina Faso and Côte d'Ivoire, triggering the First Liberian Civil War. By September 1990, Doe's forces controlled only a small area just outside the capital, and Doe was captured and executed that month by rebel forces. The rebels soon split into various factions fighting one another, and the Economic Community Monitoring Group under the Economic Community of West African States organized a military task force to intervene in the crisis. From 1989 to 1996 one of Africa's bloodiest civil wars ensued, claiming the lives of more than 200,000 Liberians and displacing a million others into refugee camps in neighboring countries. Following a peace deal between the warring parties in 1995, Taylor was elected president in 1997.
Under Taylor's regime, Liberia became internationally known as a pariah state due to his use of blood diamonds and illegal timber exports to fund the Revolutionary United Front in the Sierra Leone Civil War. The Second Liberian Civil War began in 1999 when Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy, a rebel group based in the northwest of the country, launched an armed insurrection against Taylor. In March 2003, a second rebel group, Movement for Democracy in Liberia, began launching attacks against Taylor from the southeast. Peace talks between the factions began in Accra in June of that year, and Taylor was indicted by the Special Court for Sierra Leone for crimes against humanity that same month. By July 2003, the rebels had launched an assault on Monrovia. Under heavy pressure from the international community and the domestic Women of Liberia Mass Action for Peace movement, Taylor resigned in August and went into exile in Nigeria, and a peace deal was signed later that month. The United Nations Mission in Liberia began arriving in September 2003 to provide security and monitor the peace accord, and an interim government took power the following October.
The subsequent 2005 elections were internationally regarded as the most free and fair in Liberian history. Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, a Harvard-trained economist and former Minister of Finance, was elected as the first female president in Africa. Upon her inauguration, Sirleaf requested the extradition of Taylor from Nigeria and immediately handed him over to the SCSL for trial in The Hague. In 2006, the government established a Truth and Reconciliation Commission to address the causes and crimes of the civil war.
The government of Liberia, modeled on the government of the United States, is a unitary constitutional republic and representative democracy as established by the Constitution. The government has three co-equal branches of government: executive, headed by the president; legislative, consisting of the bicameral Legislature of Liberia; and judicial, made up of the Supreme Court and several lower courts.
The president serves as head of government, head of state and the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of Liberia. Among the other duties of the president are to sign or veto legislative bills, grant pardons, and appoint Cabinet members, judges and other public officials. Together with the vice president, the president is elected to a six-year term by majority vote in a two-round system and can serve up to two terms in office.
The Legislature is composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The House, led by a speaker, has 64 members apportioned among the 15 counties on the basis of the national census, with each county receiving a minimum of two members. Each House member represents an electoral district within a county as drawn by the National Elections Commission and is elected by a plurality of the popular vote of their district in to a six-year term. The Senate is made up of two senators from each county for a total of 30 senators. Senators serve nine-year terms and are elected at-large by a plurality of the popular vote . The vice president serves as the President of the Senate, with a President pro tempore serving in his absence.
Liberia's highest judicial authority is the Supreme Court, made up of five members and headed by the Chief Justice of Liberia. Members are nominated to the court by the president and are confirmed by the Senate, serving until the age of 70. The judiciary is further divided into circuit and speciality courts, magistrate courts and justices of the peace. The judicial system follows the Anglo-American common law. An informal system of traditional courts still exists within the rural areas of the country, with trial by ordeal remaining common despite being officially outlawed.
Between 1877 and 1980, the government was dominated by the True Whig Party. Today, over 20 political parties are registered in the country, based largely around personalities and ethnic groups. Most parties suffer from poor organizational capacity. The 2005 elections marked the first time that the president's party did not gain a majority of seats in the Legislature.
Liberia scored a 3.3 on a scale from 10 (highly clean) to 0 (highly corrupt) on the 2010 Corruption Perceptions Index, ranking 87th of 178 countries worldwide and 11th of 47 in Sub-Saharan Africa. This score represented a significant improvement since 2007, when the country scored 2.1 and ranked 150th of 180 countries. When seeking attention of a selection of service providers 89% of Liberians had to pay a bribe, the highest national percentage in the world according to the organization's 2010 Global Corruption Barometer.
Liberia is divided into 15 counties, which are subdivided into districts, and further subdivided into clans. The oldest counties are Grand Bassa and Montserrado, both founded in 1839 prior to Liberian independence. Gbarpolu is the newest county, created in 2001. Nimba is the largest of the counties in size at 4,460 square miles (11,551 km2), while Montserrado is the smallest at 737 square miles (1,909 km2). Montserrado is also the most populous county with 1,144,806 residents as of the 2008 census.
The fifteen counties are administered by superintendents appointed by the president. The Constitution calls for the election of mayors and various chiefs at the county and local level, but these elections have not taken place since 1985 due to war and financial constraints. In 2008, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of allowing the president to appoint mayors until the country could afford to hold municipal elections.
Liberia is situated in West Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean to the country's southwest. It lies between latitudes 4° and 9°N, and longitudes 7° and 12°W.
The landscape is characterized by mostly flat to rolling coastal plains that contain mangroves and swamps, which rise to a rolling plateau and low mountains in the northeast. Tropical rainforests cover the hills, while elephant grass and semi-deciduous forests make up the dominant vegetation in the northern sections. The equatorial climate is hot year-round with heavy rainfall from May to October with a short interlude in mid-July to August. During the winter months of November to March, dry dust-laden harmattan winds blow inland, causing many problems for residents.
Liberia's watershed tends to move in a southwestern pattern towards the sea as new rains move down the forested plateau off the inland mountain range of Guinée Forestière, in Guinea. Cape Mount near the border with Sierra Leone receives the most precipitation in the nation. The country's main northwestern boundary is traversed by the Mano River while its southeast limits are bounded by the Cavalla River. Liberia's three largest rivers are St. Paul exiting near Monrovia, the river St. John at Buchanan and the Cestos River, all of which flow into the Atlantic. The Cavalla is the longest river in the nation at 320 miles (515 km).
The highest point wholly within Liberia is Mount Wuteve at 4,724 feet (1,440 m) above sea level in the northwestern Liberia range of the West Africa Mountains and the Guinea Highlands. However, Mount Nimba near Yekepa, is higher at 5,748 feet (1,752 m) above sea level but is not wholly within Liberia as Nimba shares a border with Guinea and Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) and is their tallest mountain as well.
Liberia is one of the world's poorest countries, with a formal employment rate of only 15%. In 2010, the country's nominal GDP was US$974 million, while nominal GDP per capita stood at US$226, the third-lowest in the world. Historically, the Liberian economy has depended heavily on foreign aid, foreign direct investment and exports of natural resources such as iron ore, rubber and timber.
Following a peak in growth in 1979, the Liberian economy began a steady decline due to economic mismanagement following the 1980 coup. This decline was accelerated by the outbreak of civil war in 1989; GDP was reduced by an estimated 90% between 1989 and 1995, one of the fastest declines in history. Upon the end of the war in 2003, GDP growth began to accelerate, reaching 9.4% in 2007. The global financial crisis slowed GDP growth to 4.6% in 2009, though a strengthening agricultural sector led by rubber and timber exports increased growth to 5.1% in 2010 and an expected 7.3% in 2011, making the economy one of the 20 fastest growing in the world. Current impediments to growth include a small domestic market, lack of adequate infrastructure, high transportation costs, poor trade links with neighboring countries and the high dollarization of the economy. Liberia used the United States dollar as its currency from 1943 until 1982 and continues to use the U.S. dollar alongside the Liberian dollar. Following a decrease in inflation beginning in 2003, inflation spiked in 2008 as a result of worldwide food and energy crises, reaching 17.5% before declining to 7.4% in 2009. Liberia's external debt was estimated in 2006 at approximately $4.5 billion, 800% of GDP. As a result of bilateral, multilateral and commercial debt relief from 2007–2010, the country's external debt fell to $222.9 million by 2011.
While official commodity exports declined during the 1990s as many investors fled the civil war, Liberia's wartime economy featured the exploitation of the region's diamond wealth. The country acted as a major trader in Sierra Leonian blood diamonds, exporting over US$300 million in diamonds in 1999. This led to a United Nations ban on Liberian diamond exports in 2001, which was lifted in 2007 following Liberia's accession to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme. In 2003, additional UN sanctions were placed on Liberian timber exports, which had risen from US$5 million in 1997 to over US$100 million in 2002 and were believed to be funding rebels in Sierra Leone. These sanctions were lifted in 2006. Due in large part to foreign aid and investment inflow following the end of the war, Liberia maintains a large account deficit, which peaked at nearly 60% in 2008. Liberia gained observer status with the World Trade Organization in 2010 and is in the process of acquiring full member status.
Liberia has the highest ratio of foreign direct investment to GDP in the world, with US$16 billion in investment since 2006. Following the inauguration of the Sirleaf administration in 2006, the country signed several multi-billion dollar concession agreements in the iron ore and palm oil industries with numerous multinational corporations, including BHP Billiton, ArcelorMittal, and Sime Darby. The Firestone Tire and Rubber Company has operated the world's largest rubber plantation in Liberia since 1926. Liberia has also begun exploration for offshore oil; unproven oil reserves may be in excess of one billion barrels. The government divided its offshore waters into 17 blocks and began auctioning off exploration licenses for the blocks in 2004, with further auctions in 2007 and 2009. An additional 13 ultra-deep offshore blocks were demarcated in 2011 and planned for auction. Among the companies to have won licenses are Repsol, Chevron, Anadarko and Woodside Petroleum.
Due to its status as a flag of convenience, the country has the second-largest maritime registry in the world behind Panama, with 3,500 vessels registered under its flag accounting for 11% of ships worldwide.
As of the 2008 national census, Liberia was home to 3,476,608 people. Of those, 1,118,241 lived in Montserrado County, the most populous county in the country and home to the capital of Monrovia, with the Greater Monrovia district home to 970,824 people. Nimba County is the next most populous county with 462,026 residents. As revealed in the 2008 census, Monrovia is more than four times more populous than all the county headquarters combined. Prior to the 2008 census, the last census had been held in 1984 and listed the country's population as 2,101,628. The population of Liberia was 1,016,443 in 1962 and increased to 1,503,368 in 1974. As of 2006, Liberia has the highest population growth rate in the world (4.50% per annum). Similar to its neighbors, it has a large youth population, with half of the population under the age of 18.
The population includes 16 indigenous ethnic groups and various foreign minorities. Indigenous peoples comprise about 95% of the population, the largest of which are the Kpelle in central and western Liberia. Americo-Liberians, who are descendants of African-American settlers, make up 2.5%, and Congo people, descendants of repatriated Congo and Afro-Caribbean slaves who arrived in 1825, make up an estimated 2.5%. There is also a sizable number of Lebanese, Indians, and other West African nationals who make up a significant part of Liberia's business community. A small minority of Liberians of European descent reside in the country. The Liberian constitution restricts citizenship to only people of black African descent.
31 indigenous languages are spoken within Liberia, none of which are a first language to more than a small percentage of the population. English is the official language and serves as the lingua franca of the country. Liberians speak a variety of dialects collectively known as Liberian English.
In 2009, the literacy rate of Liberia was estimated at 59.1% (63.7% for males and 54.5% for females). Primary and secondary education is free and compulsory from the ages of 6-16, though enforcement of attendance is lax. On average, children attain 10 years of education (11 for boys and 8 for girls). The country's education sector is hampered by inadequate schools and supplies, as well as a lack of qualified teachers.
Higher education is provided by a number of public and private universities. The University of Liberia is the country's largest and oldest university. Located in Monrovia, the university opened in 1862 and today has six colleges, including a medical school and the nation's only law school, Louis Arthur Grimes School of Law. In 2009, Tubman University in Harper, Maryland County became the second public university in Liberia. Cuttington University, established by the Episcopal Church of the USA in 1889 in Suakoko, Bong County, is the nation's oldest private university. Since 2006, the government has also opened community colleges in Buchanan, Sanniquellie, and Voinjama.
According to the 2008 National Census, 85.5% of the population practices Christianity. Muslims comprise 12.2% of the population, largely coming from the Mandingo and Vai ethnic groups. Traditional indigenous religions are practiced by .5% of the population, while 1.5% subscribe to no religion. A small number of people are Bahá'í, Hindu, Sikh, or Buddhist. Concurrent participation in indigenous religious secret societies such as Poro and Sande is common, with some Sande societies practicing female genital mutilation.
The Constitution provides for freedom of religion, and the government generally respects this right. While separation of church and state is also mandated by the Constitution, Liberia is considered a de facto Christian state. Public schools offer biblical studies, though parents may opt out their children. Commerce is prohibited by law on Sundays and major Christian holidays. The government does not require businesses or schools to excuse Muslims for Friday prayers.
In 2009, life expectancy in Liberia was estimated at 58 years. With a fertility rate of 5.9 births per woman, the maternal mortality rate stood at 990 per 100,000 births in 2010. A number of highly communicable diseases are widespread, including tuberculosis, diarrheal diseases and malaria. In 2007, HIV infection rates stood at 2% of the population aged 15–49 whereas the incidence of tuberculosis was 420 per 100,000 people in 2008. Liberia imports 90% of its rice, a staple food, and is extremely vulnerable to food shortages. In 2007, 20.4% of children under the age of 5 were malnourished. In 2008, only 17% of the population had access to adequate sanitation facilities.
The civil war destroyed approximately 95% of the country's healthcare facilities. In 2009, government expenditure on health care per capita was US$22, accounting for 10.6% of total GDP. In 2008, Liberia had only 1 doctor and 27 nurses per 100,000 people.
The former Executive Mansion, an example of American South architectural influence.
The religious practices, social customs and cultural standards of the Americo-Liberians had their roots in the antebellum American South. The settlers wore top hat and tails and modeled their homes on those of Southern slaveowners. Most Americo-Liberian men were members of the Masonic Order of Liberia, which became heavily involved in the nation's politics.
Liberia has a long, rich history in textile arts and quilting, as the settlers brought with them their sewing and quilting skills. Liberia hosted National Fairs in 1857 and 1858 in which prizes were awarded for various needle arts. One of the most well-known Liberian quilters was Martha Ann Ricks, who presented a quilt featuring the famed Liberian coffee tree to Queen Victoria in 1892. When President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf moved into the Executive Mansion, she reportedly had a Liberian-made quilt installed in her presidential office.
A rich literary tradition has existed in Liberia for over a century. Edward Wilmot Blyden, Bai T. Moore, Roland T. Dempster and Wilton G. S. Sankawulo are among Liberia's more prominent authors. Moore's novella Murder in the Cassava Patch is considered Liberia's most celebrated novel.
Liberian cuisine heavily incorporates rice, the country's staple food. Other ingredients include cassava, fish, bananas, citrus fruit, plantains, coconut, okra and sweet potatoes. Heavy stews spiced with habanero and scotch bonnet chillies are popular and eaten with fufu. Liberia also has a tradition of baking imported from the United States that is unique in West Africa.
Liberia is one of only three countries, along with the United States and Burma, that does not officially use the International System of Units. The Liberian government has begun transitioning away from use of imperial units to the metric system. However, this change has been gradual, with government reports concurrently using both imperial and metric units. A 2008 report from the University of Tennessee stated that the changeover from imperial to metric measures was confusing to coffee and cocoa farmers.
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Gilbert, Erik & Reynolds, Jonathan T (October 2003). Africa in World History, From Prehistory to the Present (Paperback ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-092907-5.
Merriam Webster's Geographical Dictionary: 3rd Edition (Paperback ed.). Merriam Webster Inc., Springfield. 1997. ISBN 0-87779-546-0.
Dunn-Marcos, Robin; Kollehlon, Konia T.; Ngovo, Bernard; Russ, Emily (April 2005). Ranar, Donald A.. ed. "Liberians: An Introduction to their History and Culture" (pdf). Culture Profile (Center for Applied Linguistics) (19). http://www.cal.org/co/liberians/liberian_050406_1.pdf. Retrieved July 23, 2011.
Tim Hetherington (2009). Long Story Bit By Bit: Liberia Retold. New York: Umbrage. ISBN 9781884167737.
Graham Greene (1936). Journey Without Maps. Vintage. ISBN 978-0-09-928223-5.
Gabriel I. H. Williams (July 6, 2006). Liberia: The Heart of Darkness. Trafford Publishing. ISBN 1-55369-294-2.
Alan Huffman (2004). Mississippi in Africa: The Saga of the Slaves of Prospect Hill Plantation and Their Legacy in Liberia Today. Gotham Books. ISBN 9781592400447.
John-Peter Pham (April 4, 2001). Liberia: Portrait of a Failed State. Reed Press. ISBN 1-59429-012-1.
Barbara Greene (March 5, 1991). Too Late to Turn Back. Penguin. ISBN 0-14009-594-2.
To Liberia: Destiny's Timing, by Victoria Lang (Publish America, Baltimore, 2004, ISBN 1-4137-1829-9). A fast-paced gripping novel of the journey of a young Black couple fleeing America to settle in the African motherland of Liberia.
Godfrey Mwakikagile, Military Coups in West Africa Since The Sixties, Chapter Eight: Liberia: 'The Love of Liberty Brought Us Here,' pp. 85 – 110, Nova Science Publishers, Inc., Huntington, New York, 2001; Godfrey Mwakikagile, The Modern African State: Quest for Transformation, Chapter One: The Collapse of A Modern African State: Death and Rebirth of Liberia, pp. 1 – 18, Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2001.
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