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The Palestinians' situation is terrible. Three fourths of their population live in poverty. The number of poor has tripled since September 2000 and over half the workforce is unemployed. Palestinians are more dependent on food aid than ever before. Reports for 2003 from social welfare organizations note "pervasive and deepening poverty," "worsening conditions and an economy in a state of ruin," "conflict creating a major humanitarian crisis," and "widespread psychological trauma." Palestinian Prime Minister Queri has understated: "Our people are suffering." President George Bush and other world leaders have lamented the sad plight of the Palestinians.
Something beyond talk is needed to alleviate Palestinian suffering. "Tell Bush: Good Speech! Now Take Action," suggested the Jewish Voice for Peace, urging Bush "to back his words with action." Refugees International has called on President Bush to "take steps to give jobs, education, medical services, and food." In describing the talking-versus-doing syndrome, Herbert Hoover, President of the United States from 1929-33, said in 1920: "Words without actions are the assassins of idealism."
Hoover could never be accused of assassinating idealism: he was responsible for the rescue, feeding, clothing and resettlement of more victims of natural disaster and war than just about anyone in history. During World War I, he headed the Commission for Relief in Belgium, which fed 10 million people and carried out Belgian postwar reconstruction. In 1917, Hoover served as US food administrator. After the war President Woodrow Wilson sent Hoover to Europe to direct the American Relief Administration. In 1927, as Secretary of Commerce, he successfully resettled 325,000 Americans rendered homeless by the Mississippi River's flooding. After World War II he brought relief to millions as Coordinator of the European Food Program.
As a Quaker, Hoover passionately believed in peace, was appalled by the human costs of war, and devoted his life to public service. Even with his most grandiose projects, he kept the worth of the individual paramount. His title, "The Great Humanitarian," was well deserved. When war again broke out in Europe, Hoover, now in his 70s, established the Polish Relief Commission, which fed 300,000 children in occupied countries.
He became chairman of the Famine Emergency Commission and in 1945 President Harry S Truman asked him to organize food relief for war-torn countries. Nor did the plight of the Palestinian Arabs escape The Great Humanitarian's attention: In December 1945, he submitted his plan to the Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry on Palestine. Hoover said it was "a process by which both Jews and Arabs would benefit materially," and could be instrumental in "settling the Palestine question and providing ample Jewish refuge." He insisted that it offered a "constructive humanitarian solution" and the committee agreed that the proposal merited careful study.
What Hoover proposed was "that Iraq be made the scene of resettlement of the Arabs from Palestine" and this for their immediate relief and long-term benefit. Unlike current proposals for mass, forced transfer, there was an implicit assumption that this one would be totally voluntary.
By 1949, with the creation of half a million Palestinian refugees, Hoover's plan took on special urgency. He wrote the White House that "they are in a deplorable condition," and they can be absorbed in Iraq. "It would give permanent solution to the problem of these unfortunate people," Hoover said. He also said his plan "would strengthen the economy of Iraq."
Could Hoover's vision work today? The population of Iraq this past generation has been decimated. The prolonged Iran-Iraq War of the 1980s, the internecine fighting within Iraq, the 1991 Gulf War, the subsequent U.N. sanctions, and the most recent U.S.-led invasion and occupation have taken a toll of millions of Iraqis. Resettling the downtrodden Palestinian Arabs in Iraq would alleviate their suffering and be a concomitant blessing to Iraq. Palestinian Arabs excel in agriculture and construction, the areas of war-torn Iraq's greatest need.
Jimmy Carter warned recently that "the lack of real effort to resolve the Palestinian issue is a primary source of anti-American sentiment throughout the Middle East and a major incentive for terrorist activity." Hoover noted his program "would contribute to a friendly gesture from the West to all Arab countries."
The idea of Jordan as a Palestinian state is widely supported on the Israeli right, even though it is vigorously resisted by the Jordanian monarchy and people. The notion of Egypt as a partial homeland is strongly advocated by the leader of the National Religious Party and others, even though it is firmly rejected by the Egyptian authorities. However unrealistic reviving Hoover's idea may appear at first glance, it seems far more realistic than those relatively widely endorsed approaches.
The main obstacle to implementing Hoover's plan has been the presence of antagonistic regimes in Baghdad. Today, American control of Iraq presents a unique opportunity. Let's remember: "words without actions are the assassins of idealism."
Bruce Brill is an independent journalist living in Kfar Eldad which is in Northern Israel.
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0.999815 |
Commerce is a village located in Scott County, Missouri. As of the 2000 census, the village had a total population of 110.
\nCommerce is located at 37°9'26" North, 89°26'47" West (37.157131, -89.446512)1. According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.8 km² (0.3 mi²). 0.8 km² (0.3 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by water.
\nAs of the census of 2000, there are 110 people, 42 households, and 30 families residing in the village. The population density is 132.7/km² (344.0/mi²). There are 49 housing units at an average density of 59.1/km² (153.3/mi²). The racial makeup of the village is 96.36% White, 2.73% African American, 0.00% Native American, 0.00% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.91% from other races, and 0.00% from two or more races. 1.82% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 42 households out of which 33.3% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.3% are married couples living together, 7.1% have a female householder with no husband present, and 26.2% are non-families. 26.2% of all households are made up of individuals and 14.3% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.62 and the average family size is 3.13. In the village the population is spread out with 26.4% under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 25.5% from 25 to 44, 29.1% from 45 to 64, and 10.9% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 38 years. For every 100 females there are 111.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 102.5 males. The median income for a household in the village is $36,667, and the median income for a family is $48,750. Males have a median income of $33,125 versus $16,607 for females. The per capita income for the village is $17,552. 4.3% of the population and 0.0% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 0.0% are under the age of 18 and 28.6% are 65 or older.
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0.999741 |
It's a diplomatic spat no one saw coming, but tensions have over the past few weeks been escalating between China and Sweden.
It all started earlier in September when Chinese tourists were removed from a hotel by Swedish police, a move which was heavily condemned by the Chinese government.
But matters were made worse when a satirical Swedish television show joked about Chinese people eating dogs and defecating in public.
Beijing accused the show of using "vulgar language", adding that it was "full of discrimination, prejudice and provocation" against China.
The Swedish broadcaster, on the other hand, said it would be "apparent" to a Swedish speaker that the show was "comedy".
But how did both countries get here and could there be more to the feud than it seems?
How did this all this begin?
Earlier this month, a video emerged of Chinese tourists allegedly being thrown out of a hotel by police in Stockholm.
A Chinese man and his parents had allegedly arrived at the hotel at midnight - hours before they were due to check in. They asked to stay in the lobby but were refused, and eventually were forcibly removed by police.
In the video, the Chinese man is seen yelling in English "This is killing. This is killing", while falling over dramatically. His mother is seen wailing and crying in Chinese, saying "help", while police officers look on.
It was later posted on Chinese social media, where it has received millions of views and thousands of mixed comments. Some users criticised Swedish police for treating them so harshly, while others point out the the family was unnecessarily "dramatic".
As the video spread, the Chinese embassy in Sweden demanded an apology from the government, saying that the police actions had "violated the basic human rights of the Chinese citizens".
However, a manager from the hotel told Swedish newspaper Aftonbladet that the family had booked their rooms on the wrong day, and when they were told that, "refused to leave".
No - things soon got worse. After a few weeks of silence, relations worsened when on 21 September when Svenska Nyheter, a satirical television show aired on national Swedish broadcaster SVT, took a stab at Chinese tourists in general.
The show aired the video footage of the tourists being carried out of the hotel - and also included a sketch, which was dubbed over in Mandarin and uploaded to the Chinese video sharing site Youku - about do's and don'ts for Chinese tourists.
In the sketch the host not defecating "outside historical heritage sites" and while eating.
"If you see a person walking their dog on the street, this does not mean they have just brought their lunch," she goes on to say.
The video says Chinese people are racist, but Sweden welcomes black people, Arabs, Jews and "even homosexuals".
"Because in Sweden, we believe in the principles of universal human worth. Although this principle does not apply to the Chinese," the narrator says.
The video ends with the host saying that Sweden welcomes Chinese tourists, but they would be beaten if they misbehaved.
The sketch went viral on Youku, the Chinese equivalent of YouTube.
How did Chinese people react?
An overwhelming amount of Chinese people on the Twitter-like platform Sina Weibo have reacted with anger.
It wasn't long before the hashtag #SwedishTVShowInsultsChinesePeople started to trend, gaining more than 34 million views.
"This is unforgivable. I admit the Chinese tourists behaved embarrassingly, but they should not insult the whole of China like this. They should apologise," said one commenter.
"They purposely dubbed the sketch in Chinese... obviously they want us to know they are insulting us," one said.
"The way to stand up to Sweden is to boycott them. Do not travel there, boycott IKEA, H&M and Volvo," said another user, with many others posting similar comments.
The Chinese government was equally enraged.
"[This program] amounts to a gross insult and vicious attack on China and the Chinese people," said foreign ministry spokesperson Geng Shuang. "We strongly condemn [it]."
He added that the ministry and the Chinese Embassy in Sweden had "lodged stern representations and strong protest" with Stockholm.
SVT entertainment director Thomas Hall told the BBC that the ambition of the show was to "comment on current affairs by using satire and humour".
He clarified in a statement that the segment was published on Youku to "gather Chinese reactions", adding that "this was a mistake, as the entirety of our message and ambition was then lost... we recognise that this may have been an insult, for which we are truly sorry."
So, they've fallen out just because of tourists and a TV show?
Not really. This falling out might actually be a sign of bigger underlying issues.
The Dalai Lama - the Tibetan spiritual leader who Beijing sees as a separatist threat - visited Sweden earlier this month.
Chinese state media however, has denied that the feud has anything to do with the Dalai Lama.
And there's also the ongoing issue of Gui Minhai, a Swedish citizen and bookseller based in Hong Kong who was seized by Chinese authorities in January while travelling to Beijing on a train from Ningbo in eastern China.
He was with two Swedish diplomats and was said to have been on his way to see a Swedish specialist doctor. Chinese state media, however, accused Sweden of trying to spirit him out of China.
According to Viking Bohman, an analyst at the Swedish Institute of International Affairs, the most "plausible explanation" for the breakdown in relations is Gui Minhai.
"I think as long as Gui Minhai is in captivity in China this will be a big point of friction… If calls for the release of Gui continue to grow in Sweden, and if China won't budge, the relationship is likely to suffer."
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0.949822 |
Sony Corporation (ソニー株式会社 Sonī Kabushiki Kaisha, /ˈsoʊni/ SOH-nee, stylized as SONY) is a Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Kōnan, Minato, Tokyo. Its diversified business includes consumer and professional electronics, gaming, entertainment and financial services. The company owns the largest music entertainment business in the world, the largest video game console business and one of the largest video game publishing businesses, and is one of the leading manufacturers of electronic products for the consumer and professional markets, and a leading player in the film and television entertainment industry. Sony was ranked 97th on the 2018 Fortune Global 500 list.
Sony Corporation is the electronics business unit and the parent company of the Sony Group (ソニー・グループ Sonī Gurūpu), which is engaged in business through its four operating components: electronics (AV, IT & communication products, semiconductors, video games, network services and medical business), motion pictures (movies and TV shows), music (record labels and music publishing) and financial services (banking and insurance). These make Sony one of the most comprehensive entertainment companies in the world. The group consists of Sony Corporation, Sony Pictures, Sony Mobile, Sony Interactive Entertainment, Sony Music, Sony/ATV Music Publishing, Sony Financial Holdings, and others.
Sony began in the wake of World War II. In 1946, Masaru Ibuka started an electronics shop in a department store building in Tokyo. The company started with a capital of ¥190,000 and a total of eight employees. In May 1946, Ibuka was joined by Akio Morita to establish a company called Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo (東京通信工業 Tōkyō Tsūshin Kōgyō) (Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering Corporation). The company built Japan's first tape recorder, called the Type-G. In 1958, the company changed its name to "Sony".
Sony Corporation is the electronics business unit and the parent company of the Sony Group. It primarily conducts strategic business planning of the group, research and development (R&D), planning, designing and marketing for electronics products. Its subsidiaries such as Sony Global Manufacturing & Operations Corporation (SGMO; 4 plants in Japan), Sony Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (7 plants in Japan), Sony Storage Media and Devices Corporation, Sony Energy Devices Corporation and its subsidiaries outside Japan (Brazil, China, UK (Wales), India, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand, Ireland and United States) are responsible for manufacturing as well as product engineering (SGMO is also responsible for customer service operations). In 2012, Sony rolled most of its consumer content services (including video, music and gaming) into the Sony Entertainment Network.
Launched in 1994, the first PlayStation gained 61% of global console sales and broke Nintendo's long-standing lead in the market. Sony followed up with the PlayStation 2 in 2000, which was even more successful. The console has become the most successful of all time, selling over 150 million units as of 2011. Sony released the PlayStation 3, a high-definition console, in 2006. It was the first console to use the Blu-ray format, and was considerably more expensive than competitors Xbox 360 and Wii due to a Cell processor. Early on, poor sales performance resulted in significant losses for the company, pushing it to sell the console at a loss. The PlayStation 3 sold generally more poorly than its competitors in the early years of its release but managed to overtake the Xbox 360 in global sales later on. It later introduced the PlayStation Move, an accessory that allows players to control video games using motion gestures.
As of May 2018 Greenpeace's 2017 Guide to Greener Electronics rated Sony approximately in the middle among electronics manufacturers with a grade of D+.
Artists who have recorded for Columbia include AC/DC, Adele, Louis Armstrong, Tony Bennett, BTS, Beyoncé, Dave Brubeck, The Byrds, Johnny Cash, Mariah Carey, The Chainsmokers, The Clash, Miles Davis, Rosemary Clooney, Neil Diamond, Celine Dion, Bob Dylan, Earth, Wind & Fire, Duke Ellington, 50 Cent, Erroll Garner, Benny Goodman, Adelaide Hall, Billy Joel, Janis Joplin, John Mayer, George Michael, Billy Murray, Pink Floyd, Santana, Frank Sinatra, Simon and Garfunkel, Bessie Smith, Bruce Springsteen, Barbra Streisand, Andy Williams, Pharrell Williams, Bill Withers, Paul Whiteman, and Joe Zawinul.
The PlayStation (officially abbreviated to PS, and commonly known as the PS1 or its codename, PSX) is a home video game console developed and marketed by Sony Computer Entertainment. It was first released on 3 December 1994 in Japan, on 9 September 1995 in North America, on 29 September 1995 in Europe, and on 15 November 1995 in Australia, and was the first of the PlayStation lineup of video game consoles. As a fifth generation console, the PlayStation primarily competed with the Nintendo 64 and the Sega Saturn.
The PlayStation was the first "computer entertainment platform" to ship over 100 million units, which it had reached nine years after its initial launch. In July 2000, a redesigned, slim version called the PS one was released, replacing the original grey console and named appropriately to avoid confusion with its successor, the PlayStation 2.
The PlayStation 2, which is backwards compatible with the PlayStation's DualShock controller and games, was announced in 1999 and launched in 2000. The last PS one units were sold in late 2006 to early 2007 shortly after it was officially discontinued, for a total of 102 million units shipped since its launch eleven years earlier. Games for the PlayStation continued to sell until Sony ceased production of both the PlayStation and PlayStation games on 23 March 2006 – over eleven years after it had been released, and less than a year before the debut of the PlayStation 3.On 19 September 2018, Sony unveiled the PlayStation Classic to mark the 24th anniversary of the original console. The new console is a miniature recreation of the original PlayStation, preloaded with 20 titles released on the original console, and was released on 3 December 2018, the exact date the console was released in Japan in 1994.
The PlayStation Vita (officially abbreviated PS Vita or Vita) is a handheld game console developed and released by Sony Computer Entertainment. It is the successor to the PlayStation Portable as part of the PlayStation brand of gaming devices. It was released in Japan on December 17, 2011, with releases in North America, Europe, and other worldwide regions starting on February 22, 2012. It primarily competed with the Nintendo 3DS as part of the eighth generation of video game consoles.
The original model of the handheld includes a 5-inch (130 mm) OLED multi-touch capacitive touchscreen, two analog joysticks, front and shoulder push-button input, and supports Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and optional 3G. Internally, the Vita features a quad-core ARM Cortex-A9 MPCore processor and a quad-core SGX543MP graphics processing unit. A revised model, the PS Vita 2000 series, released across 2013 and 2014, sports all of the same features with a slightly smaller size, extended battery life, and an LCD screen replacing the OLED display. Sony also released the PlayStation TV, a short-lived, re-purposed version of the Vita that allowed for the play of PS Vita games on a television screen similar to a home video game console, though the PS TV variant was discontinued by the end of 2015.
The system's design was created to meld the experience of big budget, dedicated video game platforms with the then up-and-coming trend of mobile gaming through smart phones and tablets. However, in the year after the device's successful launch, sales of the hardware and its bigger budget games stalled, threatening to end its lifespan. A concentrated effort to attract smaller, indie developers in the West, combined with strong support from mid-level Japanese companies, helped keep the platform afloat. While this led to less diversity in its game library, it did garner strong support in Japanese-developed role-playing video games and visual novels alongside a wealth of Western-developed indie games, leading it to become a moderate seller in Japan, and build a smaller, yet passionate userbase in the West. While Sony has not released exact sales figures, late-lifespan estimates in sales fall around 15 to 16 million units. In the platform's later years, Sony also promoted its ability to work in conjunction with its other gaming products, notably the ability to play PlayStation 4 games on it through the process of Remote Play, similar to the Wii U's function of Off-TV Play. Production of the system and physical cartridge games ended in March 2019.
Sony Interactive Entertainment LLC (SIE) is a multinational video game and digital entertainment company that is a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, the central hub for the American businesses under the Japanese conglomerate Sony Corporation. The company was founded in Tokyo, Japan, and established on November 16, 1993, as Sony Computer Entertainment (SCE), to handle Sony's venture into video game development through its PlayStation brand.
Since the successful launch of the original PlayStation console in 1994, the company has been developing the PlayStation lineup of home video game consoles and accessories. Expanding into North America and other countries, the company quickly became Sony's main resource for research and development in video games and interactive entertainment. In April 2016, SCE and Sony Network Entertainment International was restructured and reorganized into Sony Interactive Entertainment, carrying over the operations and primary objectives from both companies. The same year, SIE moved its headquarters from Tokyo to San Mateo, California.
Sony Interactive Entertainment handles the research and development, production, and sales of both hardware and software for the PlayStation video game systems. SIE is also a developer and publisher of video game titles, and operates several subsidiaries in Sony's largest markets: North America, Europe and Asia. By August 2018, the company had sold more than 525 million PlayStation consoles worldwide.
Sony Mobile Communications Inc. (Japanese: ソニーモバイルコミュニケーションズ) is a multinational telecommunications company founded on October 1, 2001 as a joint venture between Sony and Ericsson, headquartered in Tokyo, Japan and wholly owned by Sony. It was originally incorporated as Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications, and headquartered in London, England, until Sony acquired Ericsson's share in the venture on February 16, 2012.Sony Mobile has research and development facilities in Lund, Sweden; Beijing, China; Tokyo, Japan; and San Francisco, USA. At its peak in 2007, Sony Ericsson held a 9 percent global market share making it the fourth largest vendor at the time. As of 2017 Sony Mobile held less than 1% global market share but 4.8% in Europe and 16.3% in Japan.Since the current ownership structure, Sony Mobile exclusively create Android-powered smartphones under the Xperia sub-brand name - it also currently or previously developed tablet computers (Sony Tablet), smartwatches (Sony SmartWatch) and fitness trackers (Sony SmartBand), alongside accessories and software for the devices. The current flagship device is the Sony Xperia 1.
Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc. (known simply as Sony Pictures and abbreviated as SPE) is an American entertainment company that produces, acquires and distributes filmed entertainment (theatrical motion pictures, television programs, and recorded videos) through multiple platforms. Through an intermediate holding company called Sony Film Holding Inc., it is operated as a subsidiary of Sony Entertainment Inc., which is itself a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, a wholly owned subsidiary and the US headquarters of the Tokyo-based multinational technology and media conglomerate Sony Corporation. Based in Culver City, California, it encompasses Sony's motion picture, television production and distribution units. Its group sales in the fiscal year 2017 (April 2017 – March 2018) has been reported to be $9.133 billion.SPE is a member of the Big Five and the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA).Sony Pictures' film franchises include The Karate Kid, Ghostbusters, Spider-Man, Jumanji, Stuart Little, Men in Black, Underworld, Robert Langdon, The Smurfs (via Peyo), Sniper, Hotel Transylvania, Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs, and many more.
Sony Pictures Animation Inc. is an American animation studio owned by Sony Pictures Entertainment through their Motion Picture Group division and founded on May 9, 2002. The studio's films are distributed worldwide by Sony Pictures Releasing under their Columbia Pictures label, while all direct-to-video releases are released by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment. Its first film Open Season was released on September 29, 2006 and its latest release was Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse on December 14, 2018 with their next release being Wish Dragon in 2019.
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0.997345 |
Which form of Music is easy to Learn ?
Both the forms of music, namely the Indian & the Western are equally easy or hard to learn. But on comparing the notations of both the forms of music, it will be very easy to learn the basics & simple songs like rhymes, bhajans, simple cine songs through the Indian method (in particular Carnatic).
In the Western form, notation will be difficult to understand, as every minute aspect of the song is written in the 'staff' notation. The Western notation is thus a bit hard to learn and read. Moreover, in the Indian method, it is possible to sing the notes very easily, and memorise the notes for any song.
This suggestion is for those who want to learn music in a fast-track. In case you want to learn music seriously and attain proficiency, you can learn any form.
In general, learning music is a long process and if a person wants to learn music in a methodical way, it will take atleast 6 - 7 years for him/her to reach a normal level in music. Learning music through the Electronic Keyboard is a short-cut, I can say.
You need not have to understand sound and timing. If you press a key, you will hear the swara. The rhythms loops available in the Keyboard will guide you to understand the timing to a certain level. I can say the Electronic Keyboard is a self-learning Instrument, if you have a sence of music. Else, you can learn the principles of music through the keyboard from a teacher and then try playing it of your own, after understanding the basics of music & keyboard.
If you want to attain self satisfaction by playing music of your own, then the Electronic Keyboard is the best choice.
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0.949031 |
The Boeing 767 is a mid-size wide-body twin-engine airliner produced by Boeing Commercial Airplanes. Versions of the 767 can carry between 181 and 375 passengers. The first wide-body twinjet produced by Boeing, the 767 was conceived and designed in tandem with the narrow-body Boeing 757 twinjet. Both airliners share design features and flight decks, enabling pilots to obtain a common type rating to operate the two aircraft. The 767 was the first Boeing wide-body airliner to enter service with a two-person crew flight deck, eliminating the need for a flight engineer. Following in-service indications of its twinjet design reliability, the 767 received regulatory approval allowing extended transoceanic operations beginning in 1985.
Boeing 767 models have a range of 5,200 to 6,590 nautical miles (9,400 to 12,200 km) depending on variant and seating. The 767 has been produced in three fuselage lengths. The original 767-200 first entered into airline service in 1982, followed by the 767-300 in 1986, and the 767-400ER in 2000. Extended range versions of the -200 and -300 models, the 767-200ER and 767-300ER, have been produced with added payload and operating distance capability. The 767-300F, a production freighter version, entered service in 1995.
Through the 1990s, the Boeing 767 became commonly operated on medium- to long-haul routes, and the aircraft has ranked as the most widely used airliner for transatlantic flights between the United States and Europe. The aircraft is regarded as an ETOPS pioneer, being the first to receive 180-minute approval by the FAA. There have been over 1,000 Boeing 767s ordered with over 990 delivered as of 2010. The -300/-300ER models are the most popular variants, accounting for approximately two-thirds of all 767s ordered. There were 863 Boeing 767s in service with over 40 airlines as of July 2010.
In 1972, following the introduction of the first generation Boeing 747, Douglas DC-10, and the Lockheed L-1011 TriStar wide-body airliners into passenger service, Boeing embarked on parallel development studies for two new airliners. Code-named 7X7 and 7N7, these studies aimed to take advantage of new materials and propulsion advances in the civil aerospace industry. The 7N7, which developed into the Boeing 757, was conceived as a narrow-body twinjet replacement for the Boeing 727. The 7X7 was intended to be a mid-size wide-body airliner slotted between the Boeing 707 and Douglas DC-10. With aging fleets of 707s needing replacement, the 7X7 would slot between the Boeing's narrow-body jetliners and the 747. Initially, the 7X7 studies focused on a trijet design, with possible configurations including overwing engines, a T-tail, among others. In 1976, a twinjet wide-body layout, similar to the earlier Airbus A300B, became the preferred configuration, reflecting increased industry confidence in the reliability and economics of new generation turbofan engines. Airlines remained ambiguous in their requirements for the aircraft, which was roughly focused on the medium-haul, high-density market. High-density routes in the U.S. domestic market, a role targeted for the 7X7, involved the transport of large numbers of passengers between major cities.
Picture - Boeing's Everett Factory, site of 767 manufacture along with the 747, 777, and 787.
On January 5, 1978, Boeing announced a major extension of its Everett production site, then dedicated to 747 manufacture, to accommodate its new mid-size wide-body family. That year, Boeing formally designated its new wide-body airliner as the 767, and the company planned to offer three variants: a 767-100 with 180 seats, a larger 767-200 with 210 seats, and a trijet 767MR/LR version with 200 seats intended for intercontinental routes. The 767MR/LR was eventually dropped in favor of standardizing around the twinjet configuration, and the 767-100 was ultimately not offered for sale, as its capacity was too close to the 757's. On July 14, 1978, the Boeing 767 was officially launched by United Airlines, which placed an order for 30 767-200s, followed later that year with orders from American Airlines and Delta Air Lines.
The Boeing 767 design phase occurred at the same time as the 757, its narrow-body sibling. Development occurred in partnership with Italy's Aeritalia along with a consortium of Japanese aerospace companies. Both the 757 and 767 became the first Boeing jetliners to share common flight decks and handling characteristics. The aircraft was also the first Boeing jetliner after the 737 to be designed with a two-crew cockpit. The 767 was intended to be operated with a two-person flight crew, with electronics to assist with the monitoring of systems. As a result of their shared flight deck design, after a short conversion course, pilots rated in the 757 would also be qualified to fly the 767 and vice versa. Both twinjets were further designed with similarly configured systems, shared instrumentation, avionics, and flight management systems.
For the 767 design, Boeing incorporated the engines that were available then on the 747, namely the Pratt & Whitney JT9D and General Electric CF6, with wings sized to match. The 767 was the first Boeing jetliner to offer a choice of engines at its launch. The wings were large relative to fuselage size and provided higher-altitude cruise performance, along with capacity for possible stretched variants. Moreover, the larger wings increased fuel usage slightly and provided better takeoff and landing performance. The 767 wings had increased thickness for added fuel capacity, and their aft-loaded design produced the best spanwise distribution of lift on a Boeing jetliner to date. The basic 767 was designed with enough range to fly across North America or across the northern Atlantic. The 767's fuselage width was set at 15 feet 6 inches (4.72 m), midway between Boeing narrow-bodies and the 747. It was narrower than previous wide-body designs but produced less drag, thus increasing overall range. Seating capacity was set at a seven-abreast cross-section, enabling Boeing to taper the rear fuselage over a shorter length, and allowing parallel aisles for the entire length of the passenger cabin. However, the fuselage width did not accommodate typical wide-body cargo hold units, necessitating a smaller container design.
Construction of the prototype Boeing 767, a -200 variant, began on July 6, 1979. Despite Boeing's two-person digital cockpit design, United Airlines initially demanded a conventional three-person crew with two pilots and a flight engineer. United's position was due to concerns about the risks associated with introducing a new aircraft. Boeing tried to convince United and others to adopt its new cockpit design with data from the two-person crew Boeing 737. In 1981, a U.S. Presidential task force studied the safety of operations with two crew on wide-body aircraft, and compared its capabilities to three-person configurations. The task force determined that a crew of two was safe for flight in July 1981, which paved the way for acceptance of the 767's two-person flight deck. One airline, Ansett Australia, ordered 767-200s with a three-person flight deck, due to union demands. These were the only 767s fitted as such.
The first 767, registered N767BA and equipped with Pratt & Whitney JT9D turbofans, rolled out on August 4, 1981. The aircraft took its maiden flight on September 26, 1981. Enlisted for the 767 flight test program, the first four aircraft built were equipped with JT9D engines, while the fifth and sixth aircraft were fitted with General Electric CF6-80A turbofans. The sixth airframe was used in route-proving flights. Following the successful completion of flight testing, the JT9D-powered 767-200 received Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) certification on July 30, 1982. The first 767 with a two-person flight deck completed its maiden flight on May 27, 1982. The CF6-80A-powered 767-200 was certified by the FAA on September 30, 1982.
Picture - A 767-300ER of Air Canada, one of the earliest transatlantic operators of the 767.
Following the first delivery to United Airlines in August 1982, the 767-200 entered airliner service on September 8, 1982, with its first flight from Chicago to Denver. Delta Air Lines commenced service with the CF6-powered 767-200 on December 15 of the same year. Deliveries to mainline U.S. carriers American and TWA followed. The 767's service introduction was relatively smooth, with few technical issues, and greater operational reliability than prior aircraft. The 767 received early international orders from Air Canada, All Nippon Airways, Ansett Australia, Britannia Airways, Egyptair, El Al, Ethiopian Airlines, and Transbrasil. The 767 was approved for U.S. CAT IIIb instrument landing operation in March 1984. This revision permitted operations with minimums as low as RVR 300 (Runway Visual Range 300 meters). The 767 was the first aircraft certificated for CAT IIIb by the FAA.
A key issue in early Boeing 767 operations was proving the aircraft's reliability for overseas operations. Prior to the 767, the FAA restricted twin-engine aircraft to over-water flights of 90 minutes or less distance from diversion airports. In June 1985, the FAA granted approval for 120-minute Extended-range Twin-engine Operational Performance Standards (ETOPS) to 767 operators, on an individual airline basis, provided the operator met flight safety standards. The increased safety margin changes were permitted due to the improved reliability demonstrated by the 767's turbofan engines. The FAA lengthened the ETOPS time to 180 minutes for GE-powered 767s in 1989, making the twinjet the first aircraft to be certified under the longer duration. Approvals for the other 767 engines were obtained by 1993. ETOPS allowed for much expansion of transatlantic flights by twin-engine airliners.
Picture - A Delta Air Lines 767-400ER. The type was the first Boeing wide-body jet resulting from two fuselage stretches.
Boeing developed the higher gross weight 767-200ER (Extended Range) variant, the lengthened 767-300, and the longer range 767-300ER in the 1980s. In the late 1980s, Boeing proposed a stretched version of the 767 and then a partial double-deck version with parts of a 757 fuselage built over the rear fuselage. These concepts were not accepted, and Boeing shifted to an all-new airliner that later became the 777. Boeing developed a freighter model, the 767-300F, in the mid-1990s, and another stretched passenger version, the 767-400ER, in the late 1990s.
The 767 sold very well from the late 1980s to the late 1990s, with a decrease during the recession of the early 1990s. During this time it became very popular as the most common airliner used for transatlantic operations between North America and Europe. After strong sales in 1997, sales have declined significantly because of the economic recession of the early 2000s, increased competition from Airbus, and the recent emergence of a direct replacement program, the 787. In early 2007, orders were placed by UPS Airlines for 27 767-300Fs and DHL for 6 767-300Fs to extend production. Boeing had received 24 net orders for the 767 in 2008, but only 7 in 2009 and 3 in 2010. The company began offering the 767-300ER to tide customers affected by 787 launch delays, specifically to Japanese carriers All Nippon Airways and Japan Air Lines.
The renewed interest in the 767-300F has Boeing considering enhanced versions of the 767-200 and 767-300F, with increased gross weights, 767-400ER wing technology, and 777-200 avionics. Boeing sees the advanced 767-200F and 767-300F proposals as complementing the 777F, and allowing Boeing to compete more effectively against the Airbus A330-200F, which is larger than the proposed 767-200F and 767-300F, but smaller than the 777F.
The Boeing 767 has 1,044 orders, with 995 of those delivered as of January 2011. Delta Air Lines is the world's largest 767 operator, with 101 airplanes as of 2010, consisting of 767-300, 767-300ER, and 767-400ER variants. On February 2, 2011 Boeing rolled out the 1,000th 767 for All Nippon Airways. This was also the last 767 produced on the old 767 production line. All future 767s will be produced on a new smaller production line. The 767 is the second wide-body aircraft to reach the 1,000-unit milestone after the 747.
Targeted at the emerging mid-size wide-body aircraft market, the Boeing 767 incorporated technological advances in avionics, engines, and wing design. At its introduction, new technologies included Rockwell Collins cathode-ray tube (CRT) displays, replacing conventional electromechanical instruments, and an enhanced flight management system, improved over versions used on existing 747 models. The 767's passenger and service doors are an overhead plug type, which retract upwards, and commonly-used doors can be equipped with an electric-assist system. As the 767's fuselage width allows for only one row of standard Unit Load Device containers to be carried, a different container class, the LD2 (or LD-2), is specified for 767 cargo holds where it can be carried side-by-side.
Picture - Planform view of a British Airways 767-300 after take off, with retracted landing gear and partially deployed flaps.
The Boeing 767 is a low-wing cantilever monoplane with a conventional tail unit with a single fin and rudder. The wings are swept at 31.5�, slightly more than the 757, and optimized for a cruising speed of Mach 0.8. Power is provided by two wing-mounted high-bypass turbofan engines. The 767 has a retractable tricycle landing gear with four wheels on each main gear and two for the nose gear. The wing and gear design of the -200 accommodated the later stretched -300 configuration without major changes. For the 767-400ER, the same general landing gear configuration was used, but with a larger main gear in a more widely spaced configuration using 777 wheels, tires, and brakes; a retractable tail skid was also added.
The original 767 cockpit design, shared with the 757, uses six Rockwell Collins CRT screens to display electronic flight instrumentation. The displays are used for electronic flight instrumentation system (EFIS) and Engine Indication and Crew Alerting System (EICAS) information, taking over the former role of the flight engineer. From its introduction, the 767 was equipped with an automatic landing system for low-visibility conditions. Shared cockpit design and design commonality with the 757 allows pilots to obtain a common type rating to operate both aircraft, with 767 and 757 pilots able to share the same seniority roster. For the 767-400ER, the cockpit layout was simplified further with five Rockwell Collins liquid crystal display (LCD) screens, and adapted for similarities with the 777 and the 737 Next Generation.
The 767 features a twin-aisle cabin with a typical configuration of 2-3-2 in economy class and 2-2-2 in business class. In the 2-3-2 layout, every passenger is no more than one seat from the aisle, allowing for faster entry/exit and meal service. This seven-abreast layout also places 87% of all seats at a window or aisle, accommodating passenger requests, and the seat-to-aisle ratio of 3.5 seats is less than other jetliners' four to six economy seats per aisle. On the 767 it is possible to squeeze an extra seat for a 2-4-2 configuration, however this seating is cramped and therefore uncommon.
At its debut, the 767 cabin incorporated new design features intended to enhance on-board convenience. The overhead bins were larger than on previous aircraft, sized to accommodate garment bags without folding, and strengthened for heavier carry-on items. More lavatories per passenger were offered than previous models, including in the center cabin, in consideration of an estimated four hour average flight time for early 767s. A single large economy galley was installed near the aft doors on both the 767 and 757, allowing for faster meal service and ground loading.
Newer 767-200s and 767-300s, as well as all 767-400ERs, feature a 777-style cabin interior, known as the Boeing Signature Interior. Launched on the 767-400ER, this interior features even larger overhead bins, indirect lighting, and sculpted panels. The 767-400ER also is equipped with larger windows exactly like those found on the 777. All new 767s built feature the Signature Interior, and it is available as a retrofit for older 767s. In addition to the Signature Interior retrofit option, a simpler modification known as the Boeing 767 Enhanced Interior is available. This retrofit borrows styling elements from the Boeing Signature Interior, with curved ceiling panels and indirect lighting, but only minimally modifies existing overhead bins and cabin architecture.
There are three basic variants of the 767, differing in fuselage length, which were launched on three separate occasions. The 767-200 was the original variant launched in 1978, followed by the 767-300 in 1982, and the 767-400ER in 1997. Extended-range models, the 767-200ER and 767-300ER, were launched in 1982 and 1984, respectively. Freighter versions of the -200 and -300 variants have also been developed.
The first model of the Boeing 767 family, the 767-200, was launched in 1978 and entered service with United Airlines in 1982. Initial customers also included Delta Air Lines and American Airlines, with the model used primarily by mainline U.S. carriers for domestic continental routes between major hub centers, including flights from New York City to Los Angeles. The 767-200 typically is outfitted with 181 seats in a 3-class layout or 224 in a 2-class layout. All standard -200 models have a capacity limit of 255 due to exit-door limitations. An additional exit door could be specified when the aircraft was ordered to allow for up to 290 seats in a high-capacity, all-economy 2-4-2 layout.
Some 767-200s were later converted to the -200ER specification. Boeing proposed a conversion of -200s into Special Freighters in 1998 to replace aging DC-8 freighters and conversion work began later that year. Israel Aerospace Industries holds a supplemental type certificate for conversion of 767-200s to -200SFs since 2005. Deliveries for the -200 have totaled 128 aircraft with no unfilled orders remaining. A total of 156 767-200/-200ER/-200SF aircraft were in airline service as of July 2010. Its main competition was the Airbus A300 and A310.
The extended-range variant of the original Boeing 767, the 767-200ER, was first delivered to El Al in 1984. The 767-200ER became popular overseas with smaller operators seeking wide-body airliners but not needing the 747's capacity. This model became the first 767 to complete a nonstop transatlantic journey, and broke the flying distance record for a twinjet airliner on April 17, 1988, with an Air Mauritius 767-200ER flying 8,727 nautical miles (16,162 km) between Halifax, Nova Scotia and Port Louis, Mauritius.
Deliveries of the -200ER have totaled 121 with no unfilled orders. Although the 767-200ER has no direct replacement, it is expected to be succeeded in Boeing's lineup by the 787-8. 767s flown by American Airlines burn an average of 15,982 US gallons (60,500 L) of jet fuel flying round-trip between New York City and Los Angeles; the 787 is expected to be 20% more fuel efficient per passenger.
The 767-300 is a 21.1 ft (6.43 m) stretch of the 767-200, with an overall length of 180 ft 3 in (54.94 m). The -300 was first ordered by Japan Airlines in 1983. It first flew on January 30, 1986, and was delivered to JAL later that year on September 25. The 767-300's direct competitor from Airbus is the A330-200. The 767-300 is expected to be replaced by the 787-8 in Boeing's lineup. Deliveries for the 767-300 total 104 with no unfilled orders. A total of 670 Boeing 767-300/-300ER/-300F aircraft were in airline service as of July 2010, accounting for approximately two-thirds of all 767s built.
The 767-300ER is the extended-range version of the -300. It first flew in 1986 and received its first commercial orders when American Airlines purchased several in 1987. The aircraft entered service with AA in 1988. In 1995, EVA Air used a 767-300ER to inaugurate the first transpacific 767 service. The -300ER is the most popular variant of the 767 in airline service. Total deliveries for the 767-300ER stand at 545 with 24 remaining unfilled orders as of January 2011.
The 767-300ER can be retrofitted with blended winglets from Aviation Partners Boeing. These winglets are 11 ft (3.4 m) long and decrease fuel consumption an estimated 6.5% on the -300ER. American Airlines was the first airline to retrofit the 767 with blended winglets. All Nippon Airways and Delta Air Lines have also ordered winglet kits.
The 767-300F is the air freight version of the 767-300ER, first ordered by UPS Airlines in 1993 and first flown on June 20, 1995. Following a flight test program, deliveries began in October 1995. The 767-300F can hold up to 24 standard 88 by 125 in (2,200 by 3,200 mm) pallets or containers on its main deck and any combination of up seven 88 by 125 in (2,200 by 3,200 mm) or 96 by 125 in (2,400 by 3,200 mm) pallets or containers. This model has two doors on the main deck plus three on the lower deck. The two upper doors comprise of one for the crew and one for the cargo. Of the three doors on the bottom, two are on the right side, and one is at the rear left side. Deliveries for the 767-300F total 59 with 25 unfilled orders as of January 2011.
In October 2007, All Nippon Airways sent one of its Boeing 767-300s to ST Aviation Services Co., in Paya Lebar, Singapore, to undergo the first 767 PTF (Passenger To Freighter) program. The conversion was completed in June 2008 and the aircraft was re-designated Boeing 767-300BCF, or Boeing Converted Freighter. Three companies now offer passenger-to-freighter conversions of the 767-300: Boeing, IAI, and Wagner Aeronautical.
The 767-400ER is the final extended variant and was first offered for sale by Boeing in January 1997. It was first ordered in March 1997 by Delta Air Lines to replace its remaining Lockheed L-1011s. Continental Airlines followed in June 1997 with a -400ER order to replace its DC-10 fleet. The new 767 variant was developed after Boeing ended work on the proposed 777-100X. Other airlines also placed orders, but these were eventually canceled or converted to other Boeing models.
The 767-400ER is a major development over the 767-300. The -400ER was stretched 21.1 ft (6.43 m) from the -300 for a total length of 201.4 ft (61.4 m). It also featured a new glass cockpit, redesigned wings with a wingspan increase of 14.3 ft (4.36 m) over the previous two variants, larger passenger windows from the 777, new Boeing Signature passenger cabin and redesigned landing gear. The -400ER is the only 767 variant to also feature raked wingtips for increased fuel efficiency. This variant is only available as the 767-400ER, as there was no 767-400 variant. The 767-400ER has less range than the other two ER variants; a longer-range version, the 767-400ERX, was offered for sale in 2000 but canceled in 2001. The 767-400ER's first flight was on October 9, 1999, and entered into service with Continental Airlines on September 14, 2000.
The 767-400ER received FAA approval for 180-minute ETOPS before entering service. Its closest competitor from Airbus is the A330-200. The 767-400ER is expected to be replaced in Boeing's line-up by the 787-9. A total of 38 Boeing 767-400ERs have been delivered, with 16 to Continental Airlines and 21 to Delta Air Lines, the 767's largest customer. Airlines were operating 37 of this variant as of July 2010.
Airborne Surveillance Testbed - the Airborne Optical Adjunct (AOA) was built in 1987 from the prototype 767-200, and later renamed the Airborne Surveillance Testbed (AST). Modifications to the aircraft included a large "cupola" or hump which ran along the top of the aircraft from above the cockpit to just behind the trailing edge of the wings. Inside the cupola was a suite of infrared seekers that were used to track theater ballistic missile launches in a series of tests. After test flights the aircraft was stored at the Victorville Airport in California in 2003, and ultimately deregistered in 2007 before scrapping.
E-767 - AWACS platform used by the Japan Self-Defense Forces; it is essentially the E-3 Sentry mission package on a 767-200ER platform. Japan operates four E-767s. The first E-767s were delivered in 1998.
KC-767 - initially developed from the -200ER for the USAF's KC-X tanker competition, an effort to replace some of its oldest KC-135E tankers, the KC-767 was selected in 2003 and later designated KC-767A. However the Pentagon suspended the contract due to a conflict of interest scandal and canceled it in 2006. Boeing subsequently offered the KC-767 Advanced Tanker, which was based on the pending 767-200LRF (Long Range Freighter).
KC-767 Tanker Transport - a 767-200ER-based aerial refueling platform has been ordered by the Italian Aeronautica Militare, and the Japan Self-Defense Forces. The JASDF has received all four KC-767Js ordered. The Aeronautica Militare received the first of its four KC-767As in January 2011.
Boeing offered a longer range version of the 767-400ER, named 767-400ERX for sale in 2000. It was introduced along with the Boeing 747X and was to be powered by 747X engines (Engine Alliance GP7172 and Rolls Royce Trent 600). The -400ERX offered an increased maximum takeoff weight of 465,000 lb (211,000 kg) and range of 6,150 nmi (11,400 km). Kenya Airways provisionally ordered three -400ERXs to supplement their 767 fleet. However, in 2001 Boeing canceled -400ERX development. Kenya Airways converted their order to the 777-200ER.
The E-10 MC2A was to be a 767-400ER-based replacement for the USAF's Boeing 707-based E-3 Sentry AWACS, E-8 Joint STARS, and RC-135 SIGINT aircraft. This included an all-new system, with a powerful Active Electronically Scanned Array and was not based on the Japanese E-767 AWACS aircraft. One 767-400ER aircraft was produced as a testbed for systems integration. But the program was canceled and the prototype was sold to Bahrain as a VIP transport in January 2009.
As of July 2010, 863 Boeing 767 aircraft were in airline service with 55 on order. Airline operators included Delta Air Lines (101), American Airlines (73), All Nippon Airways (60), Japan Airlines (49), ABX Air (38), Air Canada (47), UPS Airlines (37), United Airlines (35), and others with fewer aircraft.
Data through end of December 2010. Updated on January 17, 2011.
As of January 2011, the 767 has been in 41 incidents, including 11 hull-loss accidents, resulting in 569 total fatalities. The type's first fatal crash, Lauda Air Flight 004, occurred on May 26, 1991 following the in-flight deployment of the left engine thrust reverser on a 767-300ER; none of the 223 aboard survived, and as a result of this accident all 767 engine thrust reversers were deactivated until a redesign was implemented. On October 31, 1999, EgyptAir Flight 990, a 767-300ER, crashed off Nantucket Island, Massachusetts in international waters killing all 217 people on board; the probable cause was determined by the NTSB to be flying of aircraft into the water by the first officer, but Egypt disputed this conclusion. On April 15, 2002, Air China Flight 129, a 767-200ER, from Beijing to Busan, South Korea, crashed into a hill while trying to land at Gimhae International Airport, during inclement weather. The crash resulted in the death of 129 of the 166 people on board, and the cause was attributed to pilot error.
The 767 has been in six hijackings involving 282 fatalities. On November 23, 1996, Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961, a 767-200ER, was hijacked and crash-landed in the Indian Ocean near Comoros after running out of fuel, killing 125; the 50 survivors were a rarity among instances of large land-based aircraft landing on water. Two 767s were involved in the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center, resulting in the collapse of its two main towers. American Airlines Flight 11, a 767-200ER, crashed into the north tower, killing all 92 people on board, and United Airlines Flight 175, a 767-200, crashed into the south tower, with the death of all 65 on board. In addition, over 2,600 people perished in the towers or on the ground.
Two notable 767 incidents were survived by all on board. On July 23, 1983, Air Canada Flight 143, a 767-200, ran out of fuel in-flight and had to glide with both engines out almost 50 miles (80 km) to an emergency landing. The pilots used the aircraft's ram air turbine to power the hydraulic systems for aerodynamic control. There were no fatalities and only minor injuries. This aircraft was nicknamed "Gimli Glider" for the airport at which it landed. The aircraft, registered C-GAUN, continued service within Air Canada until its retirement in January 2008. On December 22, 2001, Richard C. Reid tried to shoe-bomb American Airlines Flight 63, a 767-300ER flight from Paris to Miami. Passengers and crew prevented him from lighting the fuse and subdued him. He was arrested, and later convicted and imprisoned. As a result airline passengers departing from U.S. airports are required to remove their shoes for scanning at security checkpoints.
As new 767s roll off the assembly line, older models have been retired and scrapped. Some aging 767 models, exceeding 20 years in age, were kept in service in the 2010s past planned retirement dates following delays of replacement aircraft such as the 787. One aircraft is known to have been retained for exhibition, specifically the first 767-200 to operate for Delta Air Lines, N102DA. The display aircraft, named "The Spirit of Delta" by the employees who helped purchase it in 1982, underwent restoration at the Delta Air Lines Air Transport Heritage Museum in Atlanta, Georgia. Featuring the original delivered interior as well as historical displays, the aircraft is viewable by Delta employees and the general public by appointment.
Becher, Thomas (1999). Boeing 757 and 767. Crowood Press. ISBN 1-86126-197-7.
Birtles, Philip (1999). Modern Civil Aircraft: 6, Boeing 757/767/777 third edition. Ian Allen Publishing. ISBN 0-7110-2665-3.
Donald, David (Ed.) (1997). The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. Barnes & Nobel Books. ISBN 0-7607-0592-5.
Eden, Paul (editor) (2008). Civil Aircraft Today: The World's Most Successful Commercial Aircraft. Amber Books Ltd. ISBN 1-8450-9324-0.
Haenggi, Michael (2003). 767 Transatlantic Titan. "Boeing Widebodies" series. Motorbooks International. ISBN 0-7603-0842-X.
Kane, Robert M. (2003). Air Transportation 1903-2003. Fourteenth Edition. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Pub.. ISBN 978-0-7872-8881-5.
Norris, Guy; Wagner, Mark (1999). 767: Stretching and Growing "Modern Boeing Jetliners". Zenith Imprint. ISBN 0-7603-0717-2.
Norris, Guy; Wagner, Mark (2001). Boeing 777, The Technological Marvel. Zenith Press. ISBN 0-7603-0890-X.
Shaw, Robbie (1999). Boeing 757 & 767, Medium Twins. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-85532-903-4.
Smil, Vaclav (1998). Transforming the Twentieth Century: Technical Innovations and Their Consequences. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-1951-6875-5.
Sutter, Joe (2006). 747: Creating the World's First Jumbo Jet and Other Adventures from a Life in Aviation. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books. ISBN 0-06-088241-9.
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Wilson, Stewart (2002). Ansett: The Story of the Rise and Fall of Ansett, 1936-2002. Aerospace Publications. ISBN 9-7818-7567157-1.
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When you were buying your home, what was one of the first things you looked at? You probably paid special attention to the kitchen, bathrooms, and other living areas. While each of those spaces has their own unique features, one element that can make or break a room is the flooring.
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Have you made Authentic Fried Rice?
1. CUT THE PORK INTO FINE DICE.
2. Blanch the peas in a saucepan of boiling water for about 5 minutes if they are fresh or 2 minutes if they are frozen.
3. Drain them in a colander. Heat a wok or large skillet until it is hot.
4. Then add the oil and wait until it is almost smoking.
5. Add the cooked rice and stir-fry it for 1 minute, and then add the barbecued pork, peas and salt.
6. Continue to stir-fry the mixture for 5 minutes over high heat.
7. Next add the beaten eggs and bean sprouts and continue to stir-fry for 2 minutes or until the eggs have set.
8. Turn the mixture onto a plate and garnish it with the scallions.
9. Serve at once, or let it cool and serve as a cold rice salad.
This recipe contains potential food allergens and will effect people with Wheat, Egg, Beans, Gluten, Rice, Peas, Spring Onion, Pork, Beef allergies.
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John Brown Baldwin (January 11, 1820 – September 30, 1873) was a Virginia lawyer and Democratic politician, who served one term in Virginia House of Delegates before the Virginia Secession Convention of 1861, during which he was a Unionist. During the American Civil War, Baldwin believed his primary loyalty was to his state, and served as one of Virginia's representatives to the First and Second Confederate Congresses. He became one of the leading critics of President Jefferson Davis, who was seen by many as usurping the Confederacy's states' rights principles. During Congressional Reconstruction, Balwin became Speaker of the Virginia House of Delegates.
Baldwin was born on January 11, 1820 at Spring Farm near Staunton, Virginia to Virginia delegate and future Court of Appeals judge Briscoe Gerald Baldwin and his wife Martha Steele Brown Baldwin. He had three sisters--Frances Cornelia Baldwin Stuart (1815-1885), Mary Eleanor Baldwin Ranson (1817-1880) and Margaret E. Baldwin Stuart (1823-1844), as well as a brother, Briscoe Gerard Baldwin Jr. (1828-1898). J.B. Baldwin graduated from Staunton Academy and then the University of Virginia in 1838. He was a member of the college's Board of Visitors from 1856–64.
He married Susan Madison Peyton, daughter of lawyer John Howe Peyton, on July 4, 1852, and after her death married Ann Lewis.
Baldwin read law under his father (who was elected to the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals in 1842) , then joined the law practice of his brother-in-law Alexander H. H. Stuart, although Baldwin ultimately established his own solo practice after becoming politically active.
At age 24, he substituted for his Whig law partner Alexander H.H. Stuart during a debate before the 1844 election. During the next election, local Augusta County voters elected Baldwin to the Virginia House of Delegates (a part time position), and he served from 1845-1846, but was defeated by Whig Hugh W. Sheffey after one term, and resumed his law practice full time (although remaining politically active).
In 1859, Baldwin narrowly missed election to the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals, William J. Robertson of Charlottesville being elected instead by the legislators. During the Presidential Election of 1860, Baldwin canvassed for John Bell, the Constitutional Unionist candidate, who won in Virginia but drew far fewer electoral college votes than either Republican Abraham Lincoln or Democrat Stephen A. Douglas.
Augusta County voters elected Baldwin, his brother in law, law partner and fellow Unionist Alexander H.H. Stuart and Unionist Democrat George Baylor to the Virginia Secession Convention, which began on February 13, 1861. On March 21, Baldwin began a pro-Union speech which lasted three days. On April 4, 1861, Baldwin represented the Convention's Unionist leadership at a secret one-hour interview with President Abraham Lincoln at the White House. He went to Washington hopeful that an agreement might be reached that would preserve the peace and hold Virginia in the Union. However, he returned to Richmond empty-handed, after finding that he and Lincoln had talked past each other. President Lincoln also separately met with another Unionist, John Minor Botts, who later blamed Baldwin for failing to publicize Lincoln's peace offer. The Unionists had temporarily managed to avoid secession while Baldwin met with Lincoln, but their majority collapsed shortly after his return to Richmond.
When the Convention decided upon secession, Baldwin's loyalty remained with his home state. He initially served as a militia colonel and inspector general of Virginia State Troops, accepting a commission on April 23, 1861. Initially a colonel of the 52nd Virginia Infantry, Baldwin resigned on May 1, 1862 because of ill health, becoming instead colonel of the Augusta Reserves regiment.
Following the war, Baldwin returned home and resumed his legal practice. After giving his loyalty oath to the federal government, he was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates under the post-war military provost in 1865-1867. On February 10, 1866, Baldwin testified before the Joint Committee on Reconstruction that Virginians would limit political rights granted to African Americans, which helped prompt Congressional Reconstruction. After Virginia's readmission to the Union, Baldwin continued representing Augusta County in the General Assembly. Fellow delegates chose him as their Speaker, and he served as such from 1865-1869. In this capacity, he drafted the procedural rules still in use in Virginia, known as "Baldwin's Rules."
When the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1868 proposed to restrict former Confederates from holding further offices, which went beyond the terms of surrender at Appomattox Court House and caused considerable controversy within the Commonwealth, Baldwin joined with his brother-in-law Alexander H. H. Stuart and the Committee of Nine and met with General Ulysses S. Grant. Newly elected President Grant also met with provisional governor Henry H. Wells and businessmen Gilbert C. Walker and Franklin Stearns, then gave General (Secretary of War) John M. Schofield (and his successor General Canby) orders to allow separate votes on those two controversial provisions (each of which lost) and the new state Constitution without them (that passed overwhelmingly).
Baldwin died on September 30, 1873 after a brief illness, survived by wife Susan, his sisters Frances Cornelia Baldwin Stuart and Mary Eleanor Baldwin Ranson, and brother Briscoe Gerald Baldwin. Staunton's businesses closed on the day of his funeral and all the city's church bells tolled (although not a member of any church, Baldwin considered himself Christian). He was buried in Staunton's historic Thornrose Cemetery (within the Newtown Historic District).
^ Daniel W. Crofts, Reluctant Confederates: Upper South Unionists in the Secession Crisis (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1989), 301-6.
^ Jamerson, Bruce F., Clerk of the House of Delegates, supervising (2007). Speakers and Clerks of the Virginia House of Delegates, 1776-2007. Richmond, Virginia: Virginia House of Delegates.
This page was last edited on 26 November 2018, at 03:50 (UTC).
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After considering which system to buy from Choosing the right home system for me , you have decided on the Google Home System as the best smart home system for you. This is a great choice.
The Google Home System has the power of Google behind it and this means that the best engineering is going into voice recognition and understanding your meaning not just your words.
There are choices to be made about the best google home wireless speaker to choose for each room and what you want to do for it.
What are the choices for Google Home Wireless Speaker for each application?
You have three choices: Google Home Mini; Google Home; Google Home Max.
All three are voice activated and inputs to your best smart home system. They will actively interact with you and control smart home devices throughout your home. So why choose one over the other. It is simple. What sound quality do you want and what is your budget. Of course the Mini is cheaper than the Home and Home Max. So it is up to you how much you are willing to spend, but more importantly what sound quality do you need.
Google Home Max is a stereo speaker running Google Assistant. Home Max features two 4.5-inch woofers alongside two tweeters and has two separate 2-way speaker channels. It is covered by a fabric speaker grille. It also has multiple far-field microphones that Google says will be able to hear you when the music is playing.
The Home Max can tune itself for the room it’s placed in using a machine learning feature called Smart Sound. Google says Smart Sound can tune the Home Max for the audio you’re listening to, be it a song, podcast, or a phone call. It can also raise or lower the volume depending on what’s happening in your house, like turning up the volume if there is a party going on or if someone outside is cutting the grass.
It features touch controls and supports Bluetooth and Google Cast. You can attach a local sound source like your phone directly to the speaker with a headphone cable (3.5mm audio jack).
The Home Max can also be put on its side, and can stand using magnets to keep it from falling over.
If you want great sound choose the Home Max you’ll be amazed how much bass you get out of it and the stereo field it generates fulls your room with music and brings the performance to life.
Google Home is mono speaker with a single 2.5″ speaker and dual passive radiators to increase base and provide better sound. It is covered by a fabric speaker grille. It also has multiple far-field microphones that Google says will be able to hear you when the music is playing.
You can buy different color bases for the unit and customize the speaker.
If you want good sound or have a smaller room this speaker is a great choice.
Google Home Mini is a mono speaker with a single 1.6″ speaker. It is covered by a fabric speaker grille. It also has multiple far-field microphones that Google says will be able to hear you when the music is playing.
This device is mostly for a location where listening to music or TV is not a high priority. The speaker is mostly for communicating and listening for music at very low levels when you are close to the speaker. Similar to listening to a small speaker plugged into your phone.
Google Wifi is a different type of WiFi system. It replaces your home wireless system with a mesh network which means you have multiple wireless devices in your home and when you move around you are seamlessly connected to the one closest to you. This gives you a better experience and insures you have good experiences with streaming and working with your wireless devices throughout your home. Many of us have experienced drop outs and issues when using our phones or tablets or laptops around our house. It is frustrating and this new type of wireless system is being rolled out to address these issues. If you have a big house I suggest buying the 3 pack and placing the first one in the middle of the house and then place the other two in areas where WiFi in your home is not working well. They will create the mesh network automatically. It is very cool.
These are streaming devices. This means they hook up to your TV or a Speaker/Audio System and you can send video and audio or audio only to other devices. You can stream audio or video+audio from the internet to the connected devices. These can be controlled by Google Home and are part of the Google Home System.
What are my recommended choices for your best smart home system using Google Home?
Google Home Max – in the main family room or anywhere great sound is important to you.
Google Home – In any room you want to listen to music.
Google Home Mini – Anywhere you want voice control of the system and cannot be heard by another device but listening to music is not as important.
Google Home is a great choice and can easily control other home devices. You will enjoy this system and how it changes your life.
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The share of the U.S. population over the age of 15 covered by employment-based health insurance (either by their own employer or as a dependent) has been falling, dropping from 64.4% in 1997 to 56.5% in 2010.
Of the employed, 70.2% have employment based health insurance in 2010, down from 76.2% back in 2002. Of the employed, 18% have no health insurance in 2010, compared with 14.5% of the employed back in 2002.
In other words, employer-provided health insurance has long fallen short of universal coverage, and it's been getting skimpier over the last decade or so. For example, those with lower incomes and those working for smaller firms are less likely to have employer-based health insurance.
"Less than one half (45.3 percent) of people working in firms with fewer than 25 employees received health insurance benefits compared with 88.8 percent for people who worked for firms employing 1,000 or more employees ..."
Of course, the limitations of employer-provided health insurance are not sufficient to prove that the Affordable Care Act passed into law in 2009 is a useful solution. Indeed, the looming presence of that act soon to take effect, together with the economic wreckage of the Great Recession, may help to explain the drop-off in employer-provided health insurance in the last few years. But whatever the limitations of that legislation, the shortcomings of employer-provided health insurance are very real.
If you feed any industry with enormous tax breaks, especially especially an insurance industry that separates both providers and ultimate consumers from facing costs directly, you are likely to get high levels of spending that, on the margin, bring only very slight benefits.
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David Hirsch was one of the first visionaries to plant Pinot Noir on the true Sonoma Coast and now farms 68 acres of Pinot Noir and 4 acres of Chardonnay on his 1,100-acre property in Cazadero. Initially, he moved to the area to escape urban life and considered farming trees in an effort to reforest a part of Sonoma's far coast where most of the timber had been decimated by the rebuilding of San Francisco after the 1906 earthquake. A friend, Jim Beauregard, a winegrower in the Santa Cruz Mountains, suggested the ridges would be perfect for growing Pinot Noir, and instead of trees, Hirsch planted two acres of Pinot Noir and Riesling in 1980. Hirsch had always been a passionate Burgundy drinker, so planting Pinot Noir made sense.
Additional plantings followed from 1990 through 1995, with the most recent vines established in 2002 bringing the total to 68 acres: 3.9 acres of Chardonnay and the rest Pinot Noir. Although 68 acres of vines, Hirsch Vineyard is divided into 60 different parcels that are all managed differently and ultimately vinified separately both by Hirsch and the wineries that source grapes from this vineyard. The organic block Hirsch farmed for Lemon proved so successful, Hirsch eventually converted the entire vineyard to biodynamic viticulture by 2014 (although not certified).
A winery was built in 2002 in an old sheep-bearing barn on the property, and Hirsch began bottling some of their own production. Several notable winemakers have worked here, the most current being Ross Cobb of Cobb Wines. A second label, The Bohan-Dillon, is a combination of estate and purchased grapes and is also fine and less expensive. Hirsch supplies fruit to many prominent California (and at times even Oregon) wineries including Littorai, Williams Selyem, Faille, and Siduri, who all bottle Hirsch Vineyard designates.
The Hirsch's neighbors, the Bohan family, were the original growers in the region. They settled in 1947, grew a number of crops, and against the advice of University of California at Davis and others, planted grapes in 1972. Cazadero has an interesting history. George S. Montgomery, a wealthy San Franciscan bought a tiny resort town for hunters called Ingrams in 1888 and promptly re-branded it Cazadero. Montgomery was a two- fisted drinking Bohemian Club member and a man for good times until 1890 when be became a good Christian. He decreed that Cazadero would be an ideal temperance town.
Beginning in 2011, Hirsch is gradually converting the entire property to biodynamics with Ted Lemon and Andrew Lorand consulting on the conversion. Since 2011, the property is part of the Fort Ross-Seaview AVA.
Several winemakers have been directing production at Hirsch Vineyards. In late 2015, Anthony Filiberti, who previously made wine at Knez in Anderson Valley, replaced Ross Cobb who made the wines at Hirsch from 2010 through the 2015 harvest.
Hirsch produces Pinot Noir and Chardonnay under the Hirsch Vineyards label. Production is 5,500 cases annually, 92% of which is estate grown. For years Hirsch sold grapes to other producers, but in recent years more and more of the grapes are kept for the estate wine program. The Hirsch Pinot Noirs and Chardonnays are highly sought after.
When Ross Cobb came on board, Hirsch began parsing some of the West Ridge and East Ridge blocks into separate wines. More recently, a Block 8 wine debuted with the 2011 vintage, and 2014 brought a Raschen Ridge micro bottling form two rocky, high-elevation blocks where the East and West ridges meet.
Tours and tasting are by appointment (plan on a full day if driving from more populated areas of Sonoma and try to time your visit when it isn’t raining - Cazadero receives 80 inches of the wet stuff each year). Every true pinotphile should make the pilgrimage some time in their life. The wines are sold through a mailing list and retail distribution. David's daughter, Jasmine, started at the winery with the 2008 vintage, helps out in the vineyard and cellar, but is primarily a spokesperson for Hirsch Vineyard and travels handling sales and marketing. David's wife, Marie, designs the labels.
Total annual production of estate grown wine is 7,360 cases annually.
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From what I understand. Mother claims her 1 month old baby is stolen. Another girl says she was sold the baby for 20,000 pesos because she had recently miscarried and wanted to convince husband this was his baby.
Birth father says they were offered money for baby and they refused so were robbed of the baby.
Santiago: se�ora ten�a en su poder beb� fue reportada como robada acusa a la madre de vend�rsela por 20 mil pesos; ella lo niega ‹ GenteTuya.com – Gente Tuya para decir lo tuyo!
500 bucks for a baby. It just shows what some people will do for money and how low they will go.
it boggles the mind. is it so damn difficult to admit to miscarriage? this is some straight up telenovela realness: look for the most complicated solution to the simplest problems.
6 year olds are going for $2,500 in Afghanistan.
The real looser is the baby.
Whoow ! I do not know weather to laugh or cry .
"666", then go post on "Afghan1", not here!
Babies are cheaper than child brides, because you do not have to invest so much in feeding them.
The ploy that women can get men to marry them they get knocked up has never been a terribly effective one. It is rather like the guy who loses $1000 in a sort machine and keeps on playing because he just KNOWS his luck is bound to change.. And then there is the other guy who actually WINS and keep a-playing because it is "the house's money".
What is the difference between intelligence and stupidity?
There are limits to intelligence.
No matter how stupid something is, there is always something even more stupid. Stupidity has no limits.
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raise your Children for war so they can live in peace.... learn war or when it comes and you won't even have a chance to live in peace.
20÷2(5+5) Can you solve it?
no, mandatory military service is the fastest way to degrade a militaries performance.
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Before I start, allow me to pay reference to the title of this post. "Uppers, Downers, All Arounders," by Darryl S. S. Inaba, Michael E. Holstein, William E. Cohen was a book I read in graduate school. The title of the book is descriptive and catchy. I think it helps describe each piece of a Birkenstock that makes up the entire (all around) shoe: downers (the footbed) and uppers (the top of the shoe).
The materials used in the footbed (the downers part of the title) were discussed in a previous post titled: Birkenstock: Original vs Soft Footbed.
Birkenstock has been making shoes since 1774. Birkenstock uppers were traditionally made out of leather. Over the course of their 242 year history, Birkenstock has come up with additional high quality, non leather materials for their uppers. Having alternatives to leather uppers is intriguing for various reasons. The cost of synthetic uppers is significantly less than those made of leather. For those of us non-meat eaters, having a vegan option is quite appealing. Moreover, the Birkenstock shoes made with synthetic materials are snazzier: think sparkles, shine, and vibrant colors.
Birkenstock offers great detail about the materials used when making their products.
Birkenstock uses top-grain cowhide for their leather uppers. The smooth finish is durable and easy to clean. One can easily clean and condition leather with a Leather Balm.
Oiled leather has a soft feel and is less shiny. It’s surface is durable and moisture-resistant. One can occasionally use beeswax to help maintain the leather.
Top-grain cowhide, buffed to create a soft, velvety finish. It is recommended that one spray the nubuck with a water and stain protector. To clean, brush the surface with a plastic bristle or leather cleaning brush. Be sure to re- apply with the water and stain protector after cleaning.
Made with premium cowhides. It is recommended that one spray the nubuck with a water and stain protector.. To clean, brush the surface with a plastic bristle or leather cleaning brush. Be sure to re- apply with the water and stain protector after cleaning.
Genuine wool. Dense, retains shape and does not pill. Lightly spray with Scotchguard to protect the wool.
Boiled wool is pre-shrunk and feels very dense. Birkenstock states shoes with boiled wool uppers are highly durable, breathable, and warm.
This is the synthetic alternative from Birkenstock for leather. Birko-Flor is a smooth vinyl with a soft felt backing. This material is water-resistant and does not stretch or fade. There is no break-in required for Birko-Flor uppers. Clean this material with a wet washcloth.
Birko-Flor nubuck is synthetic alternative for nubuck. This material is textured vinyl with a matte finish and soft felt backing. The material is water-resistant and does not stretch or fade. This is no break-in required for Birko-Flor uppers. Clean this material with a wet washcloth.
This is tough, waterproof, biodegradeable synthetic. The polyurethane is resistant to heat, acid, oil, and grease. These shoes are easily cleaned with mild soap and water.
This is a non-toxic synthetic material. It is lightweight and flexible. Footwear made from EVA is shock absorbent, is resistant to discoloration, is waterproof, is resistant to acid, oil, and grease. EVA is heat sensitive and there is a warning this material can shrink in heat over 170º F.
I have some experience with most of the aforementioned materials listed and I would like to share my opinions with you. For the record, I have only tried on Birkenstocks with Wool Felt, EVA, and Polyurethane. I have not had any direct experience with the Boiled Wool or Birko-Flor Nubuck.
I tried a Boston Birkenstock on with Wool Felt. I found the material very soft, not itchy, and warm. My concern with the wool felt was that it did not have an adjustable strap. If this material stretched out too much it might become uncomfortable.
This material is used on the Super Birki’s. I ordered a pair that looked cute online, but when I tried them on I felt like I was wearing classic wooden Dutch clogs.
I know they needed to be broken in, but I was not willing to commit to the break in period for these shoes. They were not my style and were returned. These are the type of shoes you might see chefs, doctors, or nurses wear. They provide tremendous arch support, keep the liquids off your feet (they are waterproof), and can be cleaned with soap and water.
I recently had the opportunity to try the EVA Arizona Birkenstocks on at Nordstrom. The material reminded me of that used by Crocs. It was soft, squishy, and had some arch support. Although, not nearly as much arch support as an original footbed Arizona. The EVA material is ideal if you plan to wear your Birkenstocks around water.
them for about a year. These were by far the most difficult Birkenstocks that I have ever had to break in. The leather eventually stretches and conforms to your foot. This is a thick leather and it has not stretched out as much as my nubuck or suede Birkenstocks (see below). Because the leather is thick it took me weeks to break these in. In fact, even after one year of wear, I was having some issues with the leather rubbing on a certain part of my foot (though I would never admit that to anyone). I found I was not wearing them as much as my nubuck Birkenstocks. One day, after walking several miles in them and getting a blister (again – would never admit that before this blog post) I decided to take some sandpaper and sand down the area that was giving me a hot spot. The sandpaper worked like a charm and I have not had another issue with this leather Birkenstock. They are back in the rotation.
My oiled leather Boston’s were the 2nd most difficult Birkenstocks to break in.
in these Birkenstocks. I never got any hotspots thanks to the socks and it took 2-3 weeks before the leather conformed to my foot. These are now my favorite closed toed Birkenstocks. They feel like custom made shoes!
The nubuck leather is thinner than the aforementioned leathers. This material stretches easily. Of all the leather Birkenstocks I own, these are the softest and quite easy to break in. However, I find that the nubuck continues to stretch and I occasionally have to add extra holes to tighten the straps. It’s not a problem (my dad has a leather hole punch), it’s just annoying. I sprayed these shoes with a stain guard before I ever wore them and I still got stains on the shoes. I have spent a lot of time using a leather brush to clean these shoes and recently bought Kiwi nubuck cleaner. The Kiwi Cleaner helped the most with freshening up the nubuck. Still, no matter how much I brush or clean the nubuck, they never seem totally clean. My biggest issue with the nubuck leather is how much it has faded. Last year these shoes were the perfect red. Today they are more pinkish red. Even though I love my red Arizona’s, I am not sure I would purchase another pair of Birkenstocks in nubuck. There is a lot of upkeep involved with nubuck and it easily fades.
I have a pair of suede Boston’s and they are fabulous. Soft, supple, breathable, and easy to wear right of out the box. I sprayed these shoes with a stain guard immediately and I waterproofed them. The suede has not faded. The only con would be that the suede does slightly stretch, but does not stretch as easily as the nubuck. I have had to add extra holes to my suede shoes, but only once. I wear these as my house slippers and can’t believe I waited 4 decades to own a suede pair of Birkenstocks.
I was skeptical when I ordered my first pair of Birko-Flor Birkenstocks. However, I was pleasantly surprised with the material. Birko-Flor is very soft on your foot because there is a lining of fleece on the underside. Making it fairly easy to wear right out of the box without risking blisters, like with the leather. The Birko-Flor material does not stretch like leather. You configure the straps to the width of your foot and you are all set. I have not needed to add extra holes like I have with the nubuck and suede. The best part is how easy it is to clean the Birko-Flor material. I use a wet cloth to wipe the uppers and the material is clean, it’s that easy. I have not experienced any fading with the Birko-Flor material. In addition, the material looks as new as it did a year ago.
In my search for comfortable, supportive, and practical shoes I wanted to learn all I could so that I could make an informed purchase. I found it difficult to locate informational reviews about the different materials that Birkenstock offered. I hope that this post helps you decide what Birkenstock upper might be best for you.
All Around – you can’t go wrong with any of the upper fabrics since they are all made from the highest quality materials by Birkenstock. Leather, Wool, Birko-Flor, or Birkubuck, the choice is yours. The fact that Birkenstock offers so many options is just another reason why I Love Birkenstocks!
NOTE: Need tips on how to break-in leather Birkenstock straps? If so, read this blog.
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1) Once registered as a regular member (regular VIP) of Mmosavor , you will get 200 bonus points.
2) Bonus points determine your VIP Rank but can not pay any part of your payment.
3) You can enjoy VIP discount (depending on your VIP rank) when you purchase next time.
4) There is no limit to the times you use the bonus points, which means once you become a VIP of a certain rank, you will enjoy the responding discount for ever!
5) The consumption amount can be cumulated.
6) You can get bonus points by buying any of our goods, such as gold, items, account, CD-Keys, and power leveling service.
7) The bonus points are open to all the four kinds of currency: USD, GBP, Euro, and AUD.
How many points can you get when purchasing ?
1USD=10 points, 1GBP=16 points, 1Euro= 15 points.
We have four ranks of consumption sum: 0-50, 51-100, 101-200, and 200 above. Let’s take USD for example. If you consumed 50 $ in buying goods from us, then you will earn 500 bonus points (10 bonus points for each dollar). If you consumed 51$, or 60$, or 99$, or any amount less than 100$, then you will earn 51*11=561 bonus points, or 60*11=66 bonus points, 99*11=1089 bonus points. The same is true of the rest two ranks.
How is your VIP ranked?
We have six VIP ranks here. Namely, if you register as a Mmosavor you will get 200 bonus points, but you can not enjoy discount when purchasing in future. If you have 3000 bonus points, you are our Medium VIP, then you can enjoy 2% discount when purchasing in future. And if you have 15000 bonus points, then you can enjoy 10% discount when purchasing in future.
Please note that your bonus points can be cumulated. Namely, if you got 1500 bonus points last time, and get 1600 bonus points this time, then your total bonus points are 1500 + 1600=3100 bonus points. Now hurry up to become our medium VIP and then you can enjoy 2% discount when purchasing next time.
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Through our website, you can not only get your WoW-Gold fast, cheap, but you can also purchase Epic-mounts, Raid Drop/raid dropitems, Power Leveling, Accounts and many other game currencies for Aion online, Eve online ,Final Fantasy FFXI etc. Spare you nerves, save your time, only partake in the really fun aspects of the game. We'll take care of the rest.
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Maria Montessori was, in many ways, ahead of her time. Born in the town of Chiaravalle, in the province of Ancona, Italy, in 1870, she became the first female physician in Italy upon her graduation from medical school in 1896.
Montessori is an approach to the education of children. It is a way of looking at, and understanding children. It is a view of how children develop and learn which has been translated into a systematic method of education based upon careful scientific study. The Montessori educational system is unique in that it has successfully undergone continued development for one hundred years, and has been used effectively with mentally retarded, physically handicapped, normal, and gifted children in different countries around the world. Perhaps the most significant reason for its success is that it is a comprehensive method of education resulting from an integration of research on development, learning curriculum, and teaching.
How is Montessori program different from other programs?
A Montessori program is different from other programs in a number of ways.
It teaches to individuals instead of to groups. In many other classrooms, lessons are presented to the whole class. In Montessori school the general rule is reversed. Most of the time the teacher presents lessons to individuals. Other children can watch if they are interested. In this way, the teacher can address the specific needs of a child and respond to individual interest.
In Montessori, children learn through practicing tasks rather than through listening and having to remember. They learn by practicing with apparatus which embodies the concept to mastered. For example, when learning about shapes such as triangles, squares, circles, etc., instead of listening to a teacher talk about the shapes and watching them drawn on the chalkboard, the children trace real figures and make designs. They fit different shapes together to make patterns. They fit shapes into the correct corresponding holes to develop fine visual discrimination.
The Montessori curriculum is much broader than many other programs. The Montessori program teaches more than just the basics. First of all, it has exercises to develop the child's basic capacities - his or her ability to control movement (motor development), to use senses (perceptual development), to think (cognitive development), to decide (volitional development), and to feel and have emotions (affective or emotional development). In this way, the program helps the child become a competent learner. This develops independence and responsibility. In addition, the curriculum also helps the child develop a strong foundation in language and math, and an in-depth study of physical and cultural geography, zoology, botany, physical science, history and art. Children further learn practical skills for everyday life such as cooking, carpentry, and sewing. But more than this, they learn how to be contributing members of a social community.
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Transmitted through how many generations?
Many existing inventorying systems and almost all older inventories were not created with safeguarding in mind, as understood in the 2003 Convention. Some of them were designed by researchers to meet their own needs. Moreover, some old inventories are particularly problematic as they may have been produced under colonial conditions or as part of nation-building exercises.
Both Article 11 (b) and Article 12 of the Convention imply that the totality of the intangible cultural heritage in a country should be covered, since they refer to the intangible heritage present in the territory of the State Party. Inventories should therefore be as comprehensive and complete as possible. However, in many cases, this may prove an almost impossible task. Inventories can never be completed or fully updated because of the immense scope of the heritage covered by the Convention and the fact that intangible cultural heritage is constantly changing and evolving.
Considering the amount of intangible heritage to be identified and listed, some priorities might need to be set. In this case, those elements which are recognized by the communities or by their practitioners as particularly important for their identity or as being particularly representative of their intangible cultural heritage might be inventoried first. The role of creating inventories as a safeguarding measure should not be forgotten. Therefore, where possible, the viability of inventoried elements should be indicated and threats to their survival outlined. This is for instance the case of inventories in Brazil and Colombia. In Bhutan, Bulgaria and Lithuania the risk of disappearance is used as a criterion for inclusion in the inventory.
In order to reach as quickly as possible a certain degree of representativeness in the inventories, States may wish to start drawing up inventories by providing relatively brief information. Some elements might benefit from greater attention than others, but it is advisable as far as possible to present each element according to the same template and to refer to detailed information available elsewhere rather than include it within the inventory.
Inventories must be regularly updated, as stated in Article 12 of the Convention. This is vital due to the fact that intangible cultural heritage constantly evolves and threats to its viability can emerge very rapidly. Many national inventories already contain elements that no longer exist while others include information on practices that have substantially changed. States Parties are obliged to periodically provide relevant information on their inventories, including information on the process of regular updating.
The Convention explicitly leaves the choice of whether to draft one or several inventories to the States Parties, but remains silent about parameters for defining the scope of each of the inventories in the case of a multiplex system. One can think of discrete inventories for different domains of intangible cultural heritage, different communities, different regions, or for different subjects of federal States. Whoever the actors involved in preparing the inventories or parts of them are, at the end of the day it is the States, i.e. the States Parties to the Convention, who are responsible for the design and implementation of their inventories.
While States Parties may be encouraged when drawing up inventories to follow the definition of intangible cultural heritage as developed for the Convention, they are not obliged to do so, particularly as inventories may be drawn up in a manner best suited to the circumstances of the State Party in question. However, if a State Party proposes an element for inscription on the Representative List or Urgent Safeguarding List or wishes to request financial assistance for the element’s safeguarding, it will have to demonstrate that it meets the definition of intangible cultural heritage as laid out in Article 2 of the Convention.
Most inventories will include a system of classifying the intangible cultural heritage. One place to begin would be the domains listed in Article 2.2 of the Convention: oral traditions and expressions including language as a vehicle of the intangible cultural heritage; performing arts; social practices, rituals and festive events; knowledge and practice about nature and the universe; and traditional craftsmanship. As already noted, the Convention makes it clear that these domains are not comprehensive, and any system of classification is only a tool for helping to organize the information within an inventory.
Some inventory systems, like those in Cape Verde, Mauritius and South Africa, more or less follow the domains laid out in the 2003 Convention. In other States Parties, there is a great deal of variation: some, especially in Africa and Latin America, present languages as intangible cultural heritage in their own right and not just as a ‘vehicle’ of it, and others explicitly mention ‘music and dance’ rather than the term ‘performing arts’; still others consider music separately from dance, and so on.
However, numerous categories in national inventories can be easily accommodated under one or more of the domains outlined in the Convention: ‘traditional medicine‘ and ‘indigenous knowledge systems‘ might be classified under ‘knowledge about nature‘ and such categories as ‘games‘ or ‘play‘ and ‘social organization‘, under the domain of ‘social practices‘. Themes such as ‘mythology‘ and names of places, objects or animals could be accommodated under ‘oral expressions‘ and some religious ceremonies and pilgrimages, under ‘rituals‘ or ‘festive events‘. Other categories such as ‘memories and beliefs’, ‘genealogical information’ or ‘culinary traditions’ also find their place in one or more of the domains presented in Article 2 of the Convention.
Divergence concerning domains often reflects the different focuses of communities’ intangible cultural heritage in different parts of the world, and this is perfectly consistent with the Convention’s insistence that each State should draw up its inventories in a manner geared to its own situation. Algeria and Haiti, for example, have separate categories for particular religious practices.
Some inventorying systems are not limited to elements of the intangible cultural heritage. The Lithuanian system, for instance, integrates tangible elements associated to practices of intangible cultural heritage, to the traditions’ bearers or to archives, as well as several elements that are no longer practised. On the other hand, in Belgium, there are plans to include elements of cyber culture and virtual practices in the classificatory system of intangible cultural heritage.
Another major difference between States is that some limit themselves to inventorying indigenous or native intangible cultural heritage while others – Belgium and the USA, for instance – also take into account the intangible cultural heritage of immigrant communities. Many multicultural States do not restrict themselves to the expressions and practices of the most widespread culture but rather undertake, from the start, to consider the intangible cultural heritage of minority groups.
There is also a huge variation in the amount of documentation and the degree of detail provided in inventories. It seems not physically or financially feasible to provide detailed information about all the intangible cultural heritage manifestations present in countries with a tremendous variety of intangible cultural heritage. About half of the systems in use today present extensive documentation, while others are less exhaustive in providing information about listed elements. Some take the form of catalogues or registers, while others present information as a series of encyclopaedia-like entries. In Brazil, a system is used that incorporates both approaches. There is a national level of elements that have been included in a ‘Registry’ and another level with elements included in an ‘Inventory’. On a national level, extensive documentation is provided for both of these categories, while in the federal states inventories are being created without this weight of documentation.
In most countries there are no legal provisions to protect the property rights of the communities, groups of practitioners and tradition bearers over their traditional cultural and social practices and expressions. This may mean that caution is necessary when dealing with easily accessible information with possible commercial applications. Without appropriate legal protections, outsiders may use and take commercial advantage of information such as traditional medical knowledge, knowledge of natural resources, and of music and oral traditions. Since communities should give their free, prior and informed consent before their heritage is inventoried, they can restrict how much information they wish to provide – or none – about elements of their intangible cultural heritage. Communities may not always be aware of the potential value of their heritage to others, so those responsible for the inventorying should be sensitive not to include information that would violate privacy or invite unfair exploitation by outsiders.
There is no minimum age for how long practices need to be established and transmitted between generations in order for them to be considered elements of intangible cultural heritage under the Convention. Some States impose such a requirement on elements to be inventoried, and these range from two or three generations up to seven. In some cases, it is difficult to establish over how many generations a tradition has been practised, particularly in communities whose first language has traditionally not existed in a written form. Since the community itself should decide what it recognizes as its intangible cultural heritage, imposing a uniform, external age limit seems to contradict the Convention.
Particular attention should be given to rapid evolutions with significant impact from external factors: while they may have their roots in traditional intangible cultural heritage elements, they may not always be seen as resulting from an uninterrupted chain of development. Some inventorying systems do not include revitalized elements where there has been such a break; others choose to include them if they are recognized by a community as its heritage.
Some States divide their inventories along internal administrative lines. Venezuela, for example, presents the cultural heritage of each of its municipalities separately. Federal states often structure their inventories according to territories; indeed, many States use administrative partitions as a primary classifying principle.
In Colombia, a separate inventory is under development for each of the country’s thirty two departments. China officially recognizes fifty-six ethnic groups and organizes its inventory accordingly. Some countries, such as Haiti, feel no need to distinguish between different communities or regions. However, due to urbanisation, migration and centralizing policies, present day administrative divisions do not always coincide with borders of regions that were traditionally occupied by discrete ethnolinguistic or otherwise definable communities.
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Nowadays, we are all aware that some systems can predict our actions, needs or even our feelings. That makes me believe we are living a new era, where computers and humans share knowledge and complement each other to answer unresolved questions and improve the way things are being done.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the programming of computation to perform operations of human intelligence. Its use in the systems allows us to develop software that complement our capabilities, our memory and even our senses. Using those capabilities, systems will provide us a completely new level of knowledge.
In order to start using those advantages, we need to stop thinking of developing standard expert systems, and start bringing some kind of intelligence to them.
Why should we do that? I think it is clear. We are living times where business interests change all the time, and software must be prepared to adapt. Intelligent systems are prepared for fulfill those expectations, being extremely flexible. Their behavior is not specified in the code, they learn from our actions, the environment and all the input data that they receive. Once they have enough data, they can be better than humans when it comes to data analysis, pattern recognition and even predicting problems. There are many fields already taking advantage of the power of it, voice assistants such us Siri or Google Now can help us in different situations and learn from our actions to give us accurate answers. Chatbots used to automatically answer our questions on Social Networks are another example of it.
Keeping that in mind, it is time to start thinking how can we transform our systems to benefit from all those possibilities and take advantage of all its potencial. In the future, there might be those intelligent systems who will tell us if we have followed the right path.
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Can the combination of flaxseed and its lignans with soy and its isoflavones reduce the growth stimulatory effect of soy and its isoflavones on established breast cancer?
Consumption of phytoestrogen (PE)-rich foods (i. e., soy and flaxseed (FS)) is increasing because of their suggested health benefits. However, recent studies raise concern over the safety of soy and its isoflavones, particularly genistein (GEN), for postmenopausal breast cancer (BC), due to their potential stimulatory effects on human breast tissue and on the growth of existing tumors in rodents. FS, rich in PE lignans, which is metabolized to the mammalian lignans enterolactone (ENL) and enterodiol (END), has consistently been shown to have tumor inhibitory effects in a human clinical trial as well as rodent BC models. Using the preclinical athymic mouse postmenopausal BC model, combining FS with soy protein or GEN with END and ENL, was found to negate the tumor stimulatory effects of soy protein or GEN alone. The mechanism may be related to the modulation of estrogen receptor and MAPK signaling pathways. If these studies can be confirmed in clinical trials, then consumption of combined soy and FS, or their PEs, may reduce the tumor growth stimulatory effect of soy or GEN. This may indicate that if soy is consumed with lignan-rich foods, it may continue to induce its other beneficial health effects, without inducing adverse effect on postmenopausal BC.
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The dot-com bubble (also known as the dot-com boom, the tech bubble, and the Internet bubble) was a historic speculative bubble and period of excessive speculation mainly in the United States that occurred roughly from 1994 to 2000, a period of extreme growth in the use and adoption of the Internet.
The Nasdaq Composite stock market index, which included many Internet-based companies, peaked in value on March 10, 2000, before crashing. The burst of the bubble, known as the dot-com crash, lasted from March 11, 2000, to October 9, 2002. During the crash, many online shopping companies, such as Pets.com, Webvan, and Boo.com, as well as communication companies, such as Worldcom, NorthPoint Communications and Global Crossing failed and shut down. Others, such as Cisco, whose stock declined by 86%, and Qualcomm, lost a large portion of their market capitalization but survived, and some companies, such as eBay and Amazon.com, declined in value but recovered quickly.
In 1993, the release of the Mosaic web browser made access to the World Wide Web possible (prior Internet services like Usenet, Gopher, FTP, etc existed but HTTP was the new invention which triggered this growth). Internet use increased as a result of the reduction of the "digital divide" and advances in connectivity, uses of the Internet, and computer education. Between 1990 and 1997, the percentage of households in the United States owning computers increased from 15% to 35% as computer ownership progressed from a luxury to a necessity. This marked the shift to the Information Age, an economy based on information technology, and many new companies were founded.
At the same time, relatively lower interest rates increased the availability of capital compared to the 1970s and 1980s, where bouts of extreme inflation led to historically high interest rates to contain/reduce high inflation. The Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997, which lowered the top marginal capital gains tax in the United States, also made people more willing to make more speculative investments. Alan Greenspan, the former Chair of the Federal Reserve, allegedly fueled investments in the stock market by putting a positive spin on stock valuations. The Telecommunications Act of 1996 was expected to result in many new technologies from which many people wanted to profit.
Netscape Communications Corporation made an initial public offering (IPO) on Nasdaq on August 9, 1995, and was extremely successful—the stock closed at $58.25, giving the company a value of $2.9 billion. Several months later in 1996, Yahoo! made one of Nasdaq's most successful ever IPOs. That same month, internet companies Lycos and Excite also went public. All this generated high interest in investing in internet companies.
As a result of these factors, many investors were eager to invest, at any valuation, in any dot-com company, especially if it had one of the Internet-related prefixes or a ".com" suffix in its name. Venture capital was easy to raise. Investment banks, which profited significantly from initial public offerings (IPO), fueled speculation and encouraged investment in technology. A combination of rapidly increasing stock prices in the quaternary sector of the economy and confidence that the companies would turn future profits created an environment in which many investors were willing to overlook traditional metrics, such as the price–earnings ratio, and base confidence on technological advancements, leading to a stock market bubble. Between 1995 and 2000, the Nasdaq Composite stock market index rose 400%. It reached a price–earnings ratio of 200, dwarfing the peak price–earnings ratio of 80 for the Japanese Nikkei 225 during the Japanese asset price bubble of 1991. In 1999, shares of Qualcomm rose in value by 2,619%, 12 other large-cap stocks each rose over 1,000% value, and seven additional large-cap stocks each rose over 900% in value. Even though the Nasdaq Composite rose 85.6% and the S&P 500 Index rose 19.5% in 1999, more stocks fell in value than rose in value as investors sold stocks in slower growing companies to invest in Internet stocks.
An unprecedented amount of personal investing occurred during the boom and stories of people quitting their jobs to engage in full-time day trading were common. The news media took advantage of the public's desire to invest in the stock market; an article in The Wall Street Journal suggested that investors "re-think" the "quaint idea" of profits, and CNBC reported on the stock market with the same level of suspense as many networks provided to the broadcasting of sports events.
At the height of the boom, it was possible for a promising dot-com company to become a public company via an IPO and raise a substantial amount of money even if it had never made a profit—or, in some cases, realized any material revenue. People who received employee stock options became instant paper millionaires when their companies executed IPOs; however, most employees were barred from selling shares immediately due to lock-up periods. The most successful entrepreneurs, such as Mark Cuban, sold their shares or entered into hedges to protect their gains.
Most dot-com companies incurred net operating losses as they spent heavily on advertising and promotions to harness network effects to build market share or mind share as fast as possible, using the mottos "get big fast" and "get large or get lost". These companies offered their services or products for free or at a discount with the expectation that they could build enough brand awareness to charge profitable rates for their services in the future. In January 2000, there were 16 dot-com commercials during Super Bowl XXXIV, each costing $2 million for a 30-second spot.
The "growth over profits" mentality and the aura of "new economy" invincibility led some companies to engage in lavish spending on elaborate business facilities and luxury vacations for employees. Upon the launch of a new product or website, a company would organize an expensive event called a dot com party.
Telecommunications equipment providers, convinced that the future economy would require ubiquitous broadband access, went deeply into debt to improve their networks with high-speed equipment and fiber optic cables. In many areas, such as the Dulles Technology Corridor in Virginia, governments funded technology infrastructure and created favorable business and tax law to encourage companies to expand. In Europe, mobile phone companies overspent on 3G licences, which led them deep into debt. The investments in infrastructure were far out of proportion to cash flow. The high levels of investment led to a heightened competition for customers, leading many telecoms providers to slash prices for services, especially in the hyper-competitive European marketplace. These were major factors that led to the telecoms crash.
Around the turn of the millennium, spending on technology was volatile as companies prepared for the Year 2000 problem, which, when the clocks changed to the year 2000, actually had minimal impact.
On January 10, 2000, America Online, led by Steve Case and Ted Leonsis, announced a merger with Time Warner, led by Gerald M. Levin. The merger was the largest to date and was questioned by many analysts.
In February 2000, with the Year 2000 problem no longer a worry, Alan Greenspan announced plans to aggressively raise interest rates, which led to significant stock market volatility as analysts disagreed as to whether or not technology companies would be affected by higher borrowing costs.
On March 10, 2000, the NASDAQ Composite stock market index peaked at 5,048.62.
On March 13, 2000, news that Japan had once again entered a recession triggered a global sell off that disproportionately affected technology stocks.
On March 15, 2000, Yahoo! and eBay ended merger talks and the Nasdaq fell 2.6% but the S&P 500 Index rose 2.4% as investors shifted from strong performing technology stocks to poor performing established stocks.
The dot com bubble was not just a US phenomenon. On March 17, 2000, the Netherlands-based World Online (WOL) was floated, with a €12 billion valuation. WOL was the largest ever IPO for the Amsterdam exchange, and the largest IPO of any European Internet company.
On March 20, 2000, Barron's featured a cover article titled "Burning Up; Warning: Internet companies are running out of cash—fast", which predicted the imminent bankruptcy of many internet companies. This led many people to rethink their investments. That same day, Microstrategy announced a revenue restatement due to aggressive accounting practices. Its stock price, which had risen from $7 per share to as high as $333 per share in a year, fell $140 per share, or 62%, in a day. The next day, the Federal Reserve raised interest rates, leading to an inverted yield curve, although stocks rallied temporarily.
On April 3, 2000, judge Thomas Penfield Jackson issued his conclusions of law in the case of United States v. Microsoft Corp. (2001) and ruled that Microsoft was guilty of monopolization and tying in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act. This led to a one-day 15% decline in the value of shares in Microsoft and a 350-point, or 8%, drop in the value of the Nasdaq. Many people saw the legal actions as bad for technology in general. That same day, Bloomberg published a widely read article that stated: "It's time, at last, to pay attention to the numbers".
On Friday, April 14, 2000, the Nasdaq Composite index fell 9%, ending a week in which it fell 25%. Investors were forced to sell stocks ahead of Tax Day, the due date to pay taxes on gains realized in the previous year.
By June 2000, dot-com companies were forced to rethink their advertising campaigns.
On November 9, 2000, Pets.com, a much-hyped company that had backing from Amazon.com, went out of business only nine months after completing its IPO. By that time, most internet stocks had declined in value by 75% from their highs, wiping out $1.755 trillion in value.
In January 2001, just three dot-com companies bought advertising spots during Super Bowl XXXV: E-Trade, Monster.com, and Yahoo! HotJobs. The September 11 attacks accelerated the stock-market drop later that year.
Investor confidence was further eroded by several accounting scandals and the resulting bankruptcies, including the Enron scandal in October 2001, the Worldcom scandal in June 2002, and the Adelphia Communications Corporation scandal in July 2002.
By the end of the stock market downturn of 2002, stocks had lost $5 trillion in market capitalization since the peak. At its trough on October 9, 2002, the NASDAQ-100 had dropped to 1,114, down 78% from its peak.
After venture capital was no longer available, the operational mentality of executives and investors completely changed. A dot-com company's lifespan was measured by its burn rate, the rate at which it spent its existing capital. Many dot-com companies ran out of capital and went through liquidation. Supporting industries, such as advertising and shipping, scaled back their operations as demand for services fell. However, many companies were able to endure the crash; 48% of dot-com companies survived through 2004, albeit at lower valuations.
Several companies and their executives were accused or convicted of fraud for misusing shareholders' money, and the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission levied large fines against investment firms including Citigroup and Merrill Lynch for misleading investors.
After suffering losses, retail investors transitioned their investment portfolios to more cautious positions. Popular Internet forums that focused on high tech stocks, such as Silicon Investor, RagingBull.com, Yahoo! Finance, and The Motley Fool declined in use significantly.
Layoffs of programmers resulted in a general glut in the job market. University enrollment for computer-related degrees dropped noticeably. Anecdotes of unemployed programmers going back to school to become accountants or lawyers were common.
Failed startups liquidated all of their computer equipment and office equipment such as Herman Miller Aeron chairs.
As growth in the information technology sector stabilized, companies consolidated, some, such as Amazon.com, eBay, and Google gained market share and came to dominate their respective fields. The information technology industry came to more closely resemble other sectors of the economy, albeit with still a faster growth rate and higher valuations than other sectors. There are now many information technology companies ranked at the top of the Fortune 500.
A friend of mine has a great line. He says "Nothing important has ever been built without irrational exuberance". Meaning that you need some of this mania to cause investors to open up their pocketbooks and finance the building of the railroads or the automobile or aerospace industry or whatever. And in this case, much of the capital invested was lost, but also much of it was invested in a very high throughput backbone for the Internet, and lots of software that works, and databases and server structure. All that stuff has allowed what we have today, which has changed all our lives... that's what all this speculative mania built.
3Com: Shares soared after announcing the corporate spin-off of Palm Inc.
360networks: A fiber optic company that had a market capitalization of over $13 billion but filed for bankruptcy a few months later.
AboveNet: Its stock rose 32% on the day it announced a stock split.
Actua Corporation (formerly Internet Capital Group): A company that invested in B2B e-commerce companies, it reached a market capitalization of almost $60 billion at the height of the bubble, making Ken Fox, Walter Buckley, and Pete Musser billionaires on paper.
Airspan Networks: A wireless firm; in July 2000, its stock price doubled on its first day of trading as investors focused on telecommunications companies instead of dot-com companies.
Akamai Technologies: Its stock price rose over 400% on its first day of trading in October 1999.
Alteon WebSystems: Its shares soared 294% on its first day of trading.
Blucora (formerly InfoSpace): Founded by Naveen Jain, at its peak its market cap was $31 billion and was the largest internet business in the American Northwest. In March 2000, its stock reached a price $1,305 per share, but by 2002 the price had declined to $2 a share.
Blue Coat Systems (formerly CacheFlow): Its stock price rose over 400% on its first day of trading in November 1999.
Boo.com: An online clothing retailer, it spent $188 million in just six months. It filed bankruptcy in May 2000.
Books-a-Million: A book retailer whose stock price soared from around $3 per share on November 25, 1998 to $38.94 on November 27, 1998 and an intra-day high of $47.00 on November 30, 1998 after it announced an updated website. Two weeks later, the share price was back down to $10. By 2000, the share price had returned to $3.
Broadband Sports: A network of sports-content websites that raised over $60 million before going bust in February 2001.
Broadcast.com: A streaming media website that was acquired by Yahoo! for $5.9 billion in stock, making Mark Cuban and Todd Wagner multi-billionaires. The site is now defunct.
CDNow: Founded by Jason Olim and his brother, it was an online retailer of compact discs and music-related products that reached a valuation of over $1 billion in April 1998. In 2000, it was acquired by Bertelsmann Music Group for $117 million and was later shut down.
Chemdex.com: A company founded by David Perry that operated an online marketplace for businesses, it reached a market capitalization of over $7 billion despite minimal revenues.
Cobalt Networks: Its stock price rose over 400% on its first day of trading; acquired by Sun Microsystems for $2 billion in December 2000.
Commerce One: A business-to-business software company that reached a valuation of $21 billion despite minimal revenue.
Covad: Shares rose fivefold within months of its IPO.
Cyberian Outpost: One of the first successful online shopping websites, it reached a peak market capitalization of $1 billion. It used controversial marketing campaigns including a Super Bowl ad in which fake gerbils were shot out of a cannon. It was acquired by Fry's Electronics in 2001 for $21 million, including the assumption of $13 million in debt.
CyberRebate: Promised customers a 100% rebate after purchasing products priced at as much as 10 times the retail cost. It went bankrupt in 2001 and stopped paying rebates.
Digital Insight: Its shares soared 114% on its first day of trading.
Divine: Founded by Andrew Filipowski, it was modeled after CMGI. It went public as the bubble burst and filed bankruptcy after executives were accused of looting a subsidiary.
DoubleClick: An online advertising company that soared after its IPO, it was acquired by Google in 2007.
eGain: Its stock price doubled shortly after its 1999 IPO.
eToys.com: An online toy retailer whose stock price hit a high of $84.35 per share in October 1999. In February 2001, it filed bankruptcy with $247 million in debt. It was acquired by KB Toys, which later also filed bankruptcy.
Excite: A web portal founded by Joe Kraus and others that merged with internet service provider @Home Network in 1999 to become Excite@Home, promising to be the "AOL of broadband". After trying unsuccessfully to sell the Excite portal during a sharp downturn in online advertising, the company filed bankruptcy in September 2001. It was acquired by Ask.com in March 2004.
Flooz.com: A digital currency founded by Robert Levitan; it folded in 2001 due to lack of consumer acceptance. It was famous for having Whoopi Goldberg as its spokesperson.
Freei: Filed bankruptcy in October 2000, soon after canceling its IPO. At the time, it was the 5th largest internet service provider in the United States, with 3.2 million users. Famous for its mascot, Baby Bob, the company lost $19 million in 1999 on revenues of less than $1 million.
Gadzoox: A storage area network company, its shares tripled on its first day of trading giving it a market capitalization of $1.97 billion; the company was sold 4 years later for $5.3 million.
Geeknet (formerly VA Linux): A provider of built-to-order Intel personal computer systems based on Linux and other open source projects, it set the record for largest first-day price gain upon its IPO on December 9, 1999; after the stock priced at $30/share, it ended the first day of trading at $239.25/share, a 698% gain, making founder Larry Augustin a billionaire on paper.
GeoCities: Founded by David Bohnett, it was acquired by Yahoo! for $3.57 billion in January 1999 and was shut down in 2009.
Global Crossing: A telecommunications company founded in 1997; it reached a market capitalization of $47 billion in February 2000 before filing bankruptcy in January 2002.
theGlobe.com: A social networking service that launched in April 1995 and made headlines when its November 1998 IPO resulted in the largest first day gain of any IPO to date. CEO Stephan Paternot became a visible symbol of the excesses of dot-com millionaires and is famous for saying "Got the girl. Got the money. Now I'm ready to live a disgusting, frivolous life".
govWorks: Founded by fraudster Kaleil Isaza Tuzman; it was featured in the documentary film Startup.com.
Handspring: A PDA maker that was defunct by 2003, when it was purchased by Palm Inc.
Healtheon: Founded by James H. Clark, it was acquired by WebMD in 1999 for $7.2 billion in stock but eventually shut down.
HomeGrocer: A public online grocer that merged with Webvan.
Infoseek: Founded by Steve Kirsch, it was acquired by Disney in 1999; it was valued at $7 billion but eventually shut down.
inktomi: Founded by Eric Brewer, it reached a valuation of $25 billion in March 2000; acquired by Yahoo! in 2003 for $241 million.
Interactive Intelligence: A telecommunications software company whose stock doubled on its first day of trading.
Internet America: Its stock price doubled in a day in December 1999 despite no specific news about the company.
iVillage: On its first day of trading in March 1999, its stock rose 255% to $84 per share. It was acquired by NBC for $8.50 per share in 2006 and shut down.
iWon: Backed by CBS, it gave away $1 million to a lucky contestant each month and $10 million in April 2000 on a half-hour special program that was broadcast on CBS.
Kozmo.com: Founded by Joseph Park, it offered one-hour local delivery of several items with no delivery fees from March 1998 until it went bust in April 2001.
Lastminute.com: Founded by Brent Hoberman, its IPO in the United Kingdom on March 14, 2000, coincided with the bursting of the bubble.
The Learning Company: Owned by Kevin O'Leary, it was acquired by Mattel in 1999 for $3.5 billion and sold a year later for $27.3 million.
Liquid Audio: Despite its stock doubling in value on its first day of trading in July 1999, its technology was obsolete by 2002.
Looksmart: Founded by Evan Thornley, its value rose from $23 million to $5 billion within months, but it lost 99% of its value as the bubble burst.
Lycos: Founded by Michael Loren Mauldin, under the leadership of Bob Davis, it was acquired by Terra Networks for $12.5 billion in May 2000. It was sold in 2004 to Seoul, South Korea-based Daum Communications Corporation for $95.4 million.
MarchFirst: A web development company formed on March 1, 2000, by the merger of USWeb and CKS Group, it filed bankruptcy and liquidation just over a year after it was formed.
MicroStrategy: After rising from $7 to as high as $333 in a year, its shares lost $140, or 62%, on March 20, 2000, following the announcement of a financial restatement for the previous two years by founder Michael J. Saylor.
Net2Phone: A VoIP provider founded by Howard Jonas whose stock price soared after its 1999 IPO.
NetBank: A direct bank, its stock price per share fluctuated between $3.50 and $83 in 1999.
Netscape: After a popular IPO, it was acquired by AOL in 1999 for $4.2 billion in stock.
Network Solutions: A domain name registrar led by Jim Rutt, it was acquired by Verisign for $21 billion in March 2000, at the peak of the bubble.
NorthPoint Communications: Agreed to a significant investment by Verizon and a merger of DSL businesses in September 2000; however, Verizon backed out 2 months later after NorthPoint was forced to restate its financial statements, including a 20% reduction in revenue, after its customers failed to pay as the bubble burst. NorthPoint then filed bankruptcy. After lawsuits from both parties, Verizon and NorthPoint settled out of court.
Palm Inc.: Spun off from 3Com at the peak of the bubble, its shares plunged as the bubble burst.
Pets.com: Led by Julie Wainwright, it sold pet supplies to retail customers before filing for bankruptcy in 2000.
PFSweb: A B2B company whose stock price doubled after its IPO.
Pixelon: Streaming video company that hosted a $16 million dot com party in October 1999 in Las Vegas with celebrities including Chely Wright, LeAnn Rimes, Faith Hill, Dixie Chicks, Sugar Ray, Natalie Cole, KISS, Tony Bennett, The Brian Setzer Orchestra, and a reunion of The Who. The company failed less than a year later when it became apparent that its technologies were fraudulent or misrepresented. Its founder had been a convicted felon who changed his name.
PLX Technology: Shares rose fivefold within months of its IPO.
Prodigy: An ISP whose stock price doubled on its first day of trading.
Pseudo.com: One of the first live streaming video websites, it produced its own content in a studio in SoHo, Manhattan and streamed up to 7 hours of live programming a day on its website.
Razorfish: An internet advertising consultancy, its stock doubled on its first day of trading in April 1999.
Redback Networks: A telecommunications equipment company, its stock soared 266% in its first day of trading, giving it a market capitalization of $1.77 billion.
Register.com: A domain name registrar, its stock soared after its IPO in March 2000, at the peak of the bubble.
Ritmoteca.com: One of the first online music stores selling music on a pay-per-download basis and an early predecessor to the iTunes business model. It pioneered digital distribution deals as one of the first companies to sign agreements with major music publishers.
Startups.com: "Ultimate dot-com startup" that went out of business in 2002.
Steel Connect (formerly CMGI Inc.): a company that invested in many internet startups; between 1995 and 1999, its stock appreciated 4,921%, but declined 99% when the bubble burst.
Savvis: A fiber optic company.
Think Tools: One of the most extreme symptoms of the bubble in Europe, this company reached a market valuation of CHF2.5 billion in March 2000 despite no prospects of having a product.
TIBCO Software: Its stock price rose tenfold shortly after its 1999 IPO.
Tradex Technologies: A B2B e-commerce company, it was sold for $5.6 billion at the height of the bubble, making Daniel Aegerter a billionaire on paper.
Transmeta: A semiconductor designer that attempted to challenge Intel, its IPO in November 2000 was the last successful technology IPO until the IPO of Google in 2004. The company shut down in 2009 after failing to execute.
uBid: An online auction site founded in 1997 as a subsidiary of PCM, Inc. that went public in December 1998 at $15 per share before its stock price soared to $186 per share, a market value of $1.5 billion.
United Online: An ISP formed by the merger of NetZero and Juno Online Services as the bubble burst.
Usinternetworking Inc: Its stock price rose 174% on its first day of trading.
UUNet: One of the largest internet service providers, its stock price soared after its 1995 IPO; it was acquired in 1996.
VerticalNet: A host of 43 business-to-business (B2B) procurement portals that was valued at $1.6 billion after its IPO, despite having only $3.6 million in quarterly revenue.
Vignette Corporation: Its stock rose 1,500% within months after its IPO.
Webvan: An online grocer that promised delivery within 30 minutes; it went bankrupt in 2001 after $396 million of venture capital funding and an IPO that raised $375 million and was folded into Amazon.com.
Yahoo!: A company that, under the leadership of Timothy Koogle, Jerry Yang, and David Filo acquired several companies for billions of dollars in stock, only to shut them down a few years later.
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^ HuffStutter, P.J. (December 25, 2000). "Dot-Com Parties Dry Up". Los Angeles Times.
^ Donnelly, Sally B.; Zagorin, Adam (August 14, 2000). "D.C. Dotcom". Time.
^ Johnson, Tom (January 10, 2000). "Thats AOL folks". CNN.
^ Long, Tony (March 10, 2010). "March 10, 2000: Pop Goes the Nasdaq!". WIRED.
^ "Nasdaq tumbles on Japan". CNN. March 13, 2000.
^ "Dow wows Wall Street". CNN. March 15, 2000.
^ Willoughby, Jack (March 10, 2010). "Burning Up; Warning: Internet companies are running out of cash—fast". Barron's.
^ a b "MicroStrategy plummets". CNN. March 20, 2000.
^ "Wall St.: What rate hike?". CNN. March 21, 2000.
^ "Nasdaq sinks 350 points". CNN. April 3, 2000.
^ Yang, Catherine (April 3, 2000). "Commentary: Earth To Dot Com Accountants". Bloomberg L.P.
^ "Bleak Friday on Wall Street". CNN Money. April 14, 2000.
^ Owens, Jennifer (June 19, 2000). "IQ News: Dot-Coms Re-Evaluate Ad Spending Habits". AdWeek.
^ a b "Pets.com at its tail end". CNN. November 7, 2000.
^ "The Pets.com Phenomenon". MSNBC. October 19, 2016.
^ Kleinbard, David (November 9, 2000). "The $1.7 trillion dot.com lesson". CNN.
^ Elliott, Stuart (January 8, 2001). "In Super Commercial Bowl XXXV, the not-coms are beating the dot-coms". The New York Times.
^ Davis, Marc (September 9, 2011). "How September 11 Affected The U.S. Stock Market". Investopedia.
^ Beltran, Luisa (July 22, 2002). "WorldCom files largest bankruptcy ever". CNN.
^ Gaither, Chris; Chmielewski, Dawn C. (July 16, 2006). "Fears of Dot-Com Crash, Version 2.0". Los Angeles Times.
^ Alden, Chris (March 10, 2005). "Looking back on the crash". The Guardian.
^ Reuteman, Rob (August 9, 2010). "Hard Times Investing: For Some, Cash Is Everything And Only Thing". CNBC.
^ Forster, Stacy (January 31, 2001). "Raging Bull Goes for a Bargain As Interest in Stock Chat Wanes". The Wall Street Journal.
^ desJardins, Marie (October 22, 2015). "The real reason U.S. students lag behind in computer science". Fortune.
^ Mann, Amar; Nunes, Tony (2009). "After the Dot-Com Bubble: Silicon Valley High-Tech Employment And Wages in 2001 and 2008". Bureau of Labor Statistics.
^ Wauters, Robin (January 13, 2011). "What Silicon Valley Was Like Right After The Dotcom Crash: An Insider Perspective". TechCrunch.
^ Donnelly, Jacob (February 14, 2016). "Here's what the future of bitcoin looks like—and it's bright". VentureBeat.
^ "Airspan soars in debut". CNN. July 20, 2000.
^ Heath, David; Chan, Sharon Pian (March 6, 2005). "Dot-con job: How InfoSpace took its investors for a ride". The Seattle Times.
^ Sorkin, Andrew Ross (June 2, 2000). "Fashionmall.com Swoops In for the Boo.com Fire Sale". The New York Times.
^ "CNNfn market movers". CNN. November 25, 1998.
^ "Online sports network shutters sites". CNET. February 16, 2001.
^ Hamm, Steve (February 3, 2003). "Online Extra: From Hot to Scorched at Commerce One". Bloomberg BusinessWeek.
^ Livingston, Brian (May 18, 2001). "Millions vaporized in CyberRebate collapse". CNET.
^ "10 big dot.com flops—eToys.com". CNN. March 10, 2010.
^ Teather, David (October 1, 2001). "Excite files for bankruptcy with $1bn debt". The Guardian.
^ "Ask Jeeves extends Excite deal". CNET. May 20, 2005.
^ Jane, Martinson (August 28, 2001). "Flooz.com expires after suffering $300,000 sting". The Guardian.
^ "Internet Provider Freei Networks Files for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy". The Wall Street Journal. October 9, 2000.
^ "Freeinternet.com Scores User Surge". QuinStreet. August 11, 2000.
^ "VA Linux rockets on debut". CNN. December 9, 1999.
^ "Yahoo! buys GeoCities". CNN. January 28, 1999.
^ Shaer, Matthew (October 26, 2009). "GeoCities, a relic of a different web era, shuttered by Yahoo". Christian Science Monitor.
^ "Global Crossing Chapter 11 Petition" (PDF). PacerMonitor.
^ Helmore, Edward (May 9, 2001). "So Who's Crying Over Spilt Milk?". The Guardian.
^ Adler, Carlye (July 1, 2000). "Too Much, Too Soon GovWorks had the big idea and an all-star board but still bungled it up. What's the lesson? Don't offend potential customers". Fortune. CNN.
^ "Yahoo to buy search-software maker Inktomi". USA Today. December 23, 2002.
^ "iVillage IPO takes off". CNN. March 19, 1999.
^ "iWon.com Awards Arthur 'Ti' Moyer III $1 Million!" (Press release). PR Newswire. March 15, 2009.
^ Kempe, Peter (March 31, 2001). "The Day the Wheels Fell off Kozmo.com". Fast Company.
^ Jeffery, Simon (March 14, 1998). "lastminute flotation soars ahead". The Guardian.
^ Goldman, Abigail (December 6, 2002). "Mattel Settles Shareholders Lawsuit For $122 Million". Los Angeles Times.
^ "Lycos in $12.5B deal". CNN. May 16, 2000.
^ "South Korean Company Buys Lycos". Wired. August 4, 2004.
^ Gelsi, Steve (August 24, 1999). "Net2Phone hot as post-IPO quiet period ends". MarketWatch.
^ "Verizon Agrees to Settle NorthPoint Merger Suits". Los Angeles Times. Bloomberg News. July 24, 2002.
^ Blair, Jayson (January 25, 2001). "Remains of Pseudo.com Bought for Fraction of What It Spent". The New York Times.
^ "RAZORFISH RAISES $48 MIL IN IPO". AdAge. April 28, 1999.
^ "Redback Networks Soars 266% On Its First Day of Trading". The Wall Street Journal. May 18, 1999.
^ Sutter, Mary (December 19, 2000). "Latin music site inks Sony distribution deal". Variety.
^ a b Evans, Sean (October 18, 2012). "The 50 Worst Internet Startup Fails of All Time". Complex.
^ "CMGI Can Defy Gravity Only So Long". The New York Times. December 10, 2000.
^ "Land grab". Forbes. June 23, 1999.
^ Richtel, Matt (November 6, 1999). "Webvan Stock Price Closes 65% Above Initial Offering". The New York Times.
Aharon, David Y.; Gavious, Ilanit; Yosef, Rami (2010). "Stock market bubble effects on mergers and acquisitions". The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance. 50 (4): 456–70. doi:10.1016/j.qref.2010.05.002.
Cassidy, John (2009). Dot.con: How America Lost Its Mind and Its Money in the Internet Era. Harper Collins. ISBN 9780061841781.
Daisey, Mike (2014). Twenty-one Dog Years: Doing Time at Amazon.com. Free Press. ISBN 978-0-7432-2580-9.
Kindleberger, Charles P. (2005). Manias, Panics, and Crashes: A History of Financial Crises. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780230365353.
Kuo, David (2001). dot.bomb: My Days and Nights at an Internet Goliath. ISBN 978-0-316-60005-7.
Lowenstein, Roger (2004). Origins of the Crash: The Great Bubble and Its Undoing. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-1-59420-003-8.
Wolff, Michael (1999). Burn Rate: How I Survived the Gold Rush Years on the Internet. Orion Publishing Group. ISBN 9780752826066. Burn Rate at Google Books.
Actua Corporation was a venture capital firm. During the dot com bubble, the company had a market capitalization of over $50 billion. The company was originally known as Internet Capital Group, Inc. and changed its name to Actua Corporation in September 2014. In 2018, the company underwent liquidation.
AlltheWeb (sometimes referred to as FAST or FAST Search) was an Internet search engine that made its debut in mid-1999 and was closed in 2011. It grew out of FTP Search, Tor Egge's doctorate thesis at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, which he started in 1994, which in turn resulted in the formation of Fast Search & Transfer (FAST), established on July 16, 1997. According to FAST, AllTheWeb once rivaled Google in size and technology.
Books-A-Million, Inc., also known as BAM!, owns and operates the second largest bookstore chain in the United States, operating 260 stores in 32 states. Stores range in size from 4,000 to 30,000 square feet and sell books, magazines, collectibles, toys, technology, and gifts. Most Books-A-Million stores feature "Joe Muggs" cafés, a coffee and espresso bar.Stores operate under the names Books-A-Million, Bookland, Books & Company, and 2nd & Charles.The company owns Yogurt Mountain Holding, a frozen yogurt retailer and franchisor with 40 locations. The company also owns Preferred Growth Properties, which develops and manages commercial real estate investments.The company also owns and operates American Wholesale Book Company (AWBC), an e-commerce division operating as booksamillion.com, and an internet development and services company, NetCentral, in Nashville, Tennessee.In December 2015, the company was acquired by its chairman, Clyde B. Anderson, and his family, for $21 million.
Broadcast.com was an Internet radio company founded as AudioNet in September 1995 by Christopher Jaeb. Todd Wagner and Mark Cuban later led the organization and eventually sold to Yahoo! on April 1, 1999 for $5.7 billion, making it the most expensive acquisition Yahoo! has made. The service has since been discontinued.
eMachines was a brand of low-end personal computers. In 2004, it was acquired by Gateway, Inc., which was in turn acquired by Acer Inc. in 2007. The eMachines brand was discontinued in 2013.
The startup scene in Finland has given birth to companies such as Nokia, Angry Birds, Supercell, Wolt, and many others.
Entrepreneurship itself in Finland is quite an old phenomenon. However, as everywhere else, the first startups appeared in the early 1990s and some faced demise with the end of dot-com bubble in early 2000.
Fucked Company was a website created by Philip J. "Pud" Kaplan after the dot-com bubble in 2000 as a "dot-com dead pool" that chronicled troubled and failing companies in a unique and abrasive manner. The website also sold rumor listings to subscribers. The site's name is a parody of Fast Company, a magazine that began covering technology companies during the Internet dot-com boom.
A September 10, 2000, attempt by Kaplan to put the entire site up for sale on eBay attracted joke bids as high as $10 million but no serious buyers.
Infoseek (also known as the "big yellow") was a popular internet search engine founded in 1994 by Steve Kirsch.Infoseek was originally operated by the Infoseek Corporation, headquartered in Sunnyvale, California. Infoseek was bought by The Walt Disney Company in 1999, and the technology was merged with that of the Disney-acquired Starwave to form the Go.com network.
Inktomi Corporation was a company that provided software for Internet service providers (ISPs). It was organized in Delaware and headquartered in Foster City, California. Customers included Microsoft, HotBot, Amazon.com, eBay, and WalMart.The company developed Traffic Server, a proxy server web cache for world wide web traffic and on-demand streaming media which transcoded images down to a smaller size for users of dial-up Internet access. Traffic Server was deployed by several large ISPs including AOL.In 2003, after the bursting of the dot-com bubble, the company was acquired by Yahoo! for $241 million.
The company's name, pronounced 'INK-tuh-me', was derived from a legend of the Lakota people about a trickster spider character, Iktomi which was known for his ability to defeat larger adversaries through wit and cunning. The tri-color nested cube logo was created by Tom Lamar in 1996.
"Irrational exuberance" is the phrase used by the then-Federal Reserve Board chairman, Alan Greenspan, in a speech given at the American Enterprise Institute during the dot-com bubble of the 1990s. The phrase was interpreted as a warning that the stock market might be overvalued.
Lycos, Inc., is a web search engine and web portal established in 1994, spun out of Carnegie Mellon University. Lycos also encompasses a network of email, webhosting, social networking, and entertainment websites. The company is based in Waltham, Massachusetts and currently a subsidiary of Kakao.
Startup.com is a 2001 American documentary film about the dot-com start-up govWorks.com, which raised $60 million USD in funding from Hearst Interactive Media, KKR, the New York Investment Fund, and Sapient. The startup did not survive, but it became a reference for lessons learned, as it was the subject of a 2001 documentary that follows govWorks founders Kaleil Isaza Tuzman and Tom Herman from 1999-2000, as the Internet bubble was bursting.
theGlobe.com was an internet startup founded in 1995 by Cornell students Stephan Paternot and Todd Krizelman. A social networking service, theGlobe.com made headlines by going public on November 13, 1998 and posting the largest first day gain of any IPO in history up to that date. Part of the dot-com bubble, the company's stock price collapsed the next year, and the company retrenched for several years before ceasing operations in 2008.
The Industry Standard is a U.S. news web site dedicated to technology business news, part of InfoWorld, a news website covering technology in general. It is a revival of a weekly magazine based in San Francisco which was published between 1998 and 2001.
USinternetworking, Inc. (USi) was an application service provider. It offered outsourced business applications delivered over the Internet or a private network connection for an installation charge and a flat monthly fee. In October 2006, it was acquired by AT&T.
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0.999992 |
Hello, your recent report states that cyclist may be fined for not wearing a helmet. This is incorrect and you need to publicly retract the statement.
Update, 6:50PM Friday 25th June The BBC iPlayer news report has been taken offline despite having time left to watch it: No longer available on BBC iPlayer.
I've developed a geographical habit with my helmet wearing. I don't use one while bumbling around Cambridge, but do use one when I go out in London.
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0.999965 |
What is the basis for translating the word "Ger" in Devarim 10:19?
The verse is often translated "You shall love the convert because you were strangers in the land of Egypt."
Why not, "Love the stranger because you were strangers in the land of Egypt?"
Why is one word, ger, translated as both convert and stranger, in one sentence? The meanings are so different. Further, various translations are not all in agreement.
Not all translations use the word convert, but many do. For example: Stone Humash; http://www.aish.com/tp/b/tb/48965941.html; http://www.shemayisrael.co.il/publicat/hazon/tzedaka/memory.htm; https://www.jetottawa.com/blog/; http://www.frumtoronto.com/Blogger.asp?Articles=expand&ShowAll=Series2&BlogCategoryID=96&page=18 (These and more similar translations popped up with a quick web search.) Other translations use the word "stranger" for both occurances of the word "ger" (e.g., Hertz).
Firstly, many "precise" or more literal translations (e.g. the JPS translation) translate this word as "stranger" both times. In truth, it is possible that the meaning of convert comes from the meaning of stranger, since converts come from another nation, and are outsiders to some extent. When we look at it like that, the translations don't differ so much.
וְתִרְחֲמוּן יָת גִּיּוֹרָא, אֲרֵי דַּיָּירִין הֲוֵיתוֹן בְּאַרְעָא דְּמִצְרָיִם.
As you can see from the bolded terms, the word "Ger" has been translated as both Giyora (stranger/convert) and Dayar (a sojourner, or something like that).
Sefaria.org translates the first word as "stranger" and not "convert". I can see that your notion of the word ger means "convert" because we tend to call converts "gerim". However, use of the word "ger" to mean "convert" is not a universal translation in Tanac"h. Often it means "stranger", i.e., someone who is a I.e. a *ger toshav" or a resident alien.
One reason I state that this is its meaning in this verse, is that Rash"i, on this verse says, "Do not remind him of your own blemish" (paraphrase). Well, we certainly were never Gentiles who "converted". But we were strangers living in another land.
Abraham called himself a stranger, viz. (Genesis 23:4) "A stranger and a sojourner am I with you." David called himself a stranger, viz. (Psalms 119:19) "I am a stranger in the land," and (I Chronicles 29:15) "For we are strangers before You and sojourners as all of our ancestors. As a shadow are our days upon the earth, without a prospect." And it is written (Psalms 39:13) "For a stranger am I with You, a sojourner as all of my ancestors."
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0.990927 |
Learning distance functions with side information plays a key role in many machine learning and data mining applications. Conventional approaches often assume a Mahalanobis distance function. These approaches are limited in two aspects: (i) they are computationally expensive (even infeasible) for high dimensional data because the size of the metric is in the square of dimensionality; (ii) they assume a fixed metric for the entire input space and therefore are unable to handle heterogeneous data. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme that learns nonlinear Bregman distance functions from side information using a non-parametric approach that is similar to support vector machines. The proposed scheme avoids the assumption of fixed metric because its local distance metric is implicitly derived from the Hessian matrix of a convex function that is used to generate the Bregman distance function. We present an efficient learning algorithm for the proposed scheme for distance function learning. The extensive experiments with semi-supervised clustering show the proposed technique (i) outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches for distance function learning, and (ii) is computationally efficient for high dimensional data.
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0.997541 |
A company (name withheld) has an office building in the center of Lund. The building has a perfectly square roof with a number of hatches. Because of a series of burglaries where the perpetrators have entered through these hatches, it was decided to use a watchdog to guard the hatches. A particularly vicious but rather stupid breed of dog was chosen, and unfortunately the dog fell off the roof on its third watch.
A new dog has been procured and it has been decided to attach a leash to its collar and attach the other end at some point on the roof. However, if the leash is too short the dog cannot reach all hatches, but if it is too long then the dog will fall off the building again. The leash has hooks at both ends, so no part of it is used to tie knots. The company wants the dog to reach the center of each hatch (the dog can reach exactly as far as the leash could reach if it were lying flat on the roof), but it does not want the leash to extend beyond the edge of the roof (to the edge is OK). They hope that by carefully choosing the length of the leash and where to attach it, the dog will be able to reach all hatches without risking falling off the building. A leash can only be attached at a point with integer coordinates (if the building is $10$ by $10$ meters, then the south-west corner of the building has coordinates $(0,0)$ and the north-east corner has coordinates $(10,10)$). A leash cannot be attached at a point where there is a hatch.
If there is no place where you can attach a leash, reach all hatches but not reach beyond the edge of the roof, it is impossible to use this breed of dog, and the company will instead use a poodle (which is a less vicious type of dog, but also less prone to falling off buildings).
On the first line of the input is a single positive integer $N \le 100$, telling the number of test cases to follow. Each case starts with one line with two integers $S$, $H$, where $S$ is even, $2 \le S \le 40$, and $1 \le H \le 50$. $S$ is the side of the square roof in meters and $H$ is the number of hatches. The following $H$ lines each contain two integers $X$ and $Y$. These are the coordinates of the hatches. Hatches will never lie outside the roof or on the roof’s perimeter. No two hatches will occupy the same position.
For each test case, output one line containing the coordinates $X$, $Y$ at which to fasten the leash (if there are several possible points, output the one with smallest $X$, and if there are still several possibilities select the one with smallest $Y$ among those with smallest $X$) such that a leash of suitable length allows access to all hatches without extending beyond the edge of the roof. If there is no such point, output “poodle” for that test case.
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0.980285 |
Amazon has announced that it has got into an agreement with Red Hat to natively integrate Red Hat's OpenShift container platform into AWS, allowing OpenShift users to directly access AWS' services to make use of the cloud whether it is on AWS or on premise. This also includes the integration of Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), a Linux distribution setup developed by Red Hat.
This will enable Red Hat users to make use of a variety of AWS's cloud services like Amazon Aurora, Amazon Redshift, Amazon EMR, Amazon Athena, Amazon CloudFront, Amazon Route 53, and Elastic Load Balancing with just a few clicks from directly within the Red Hat OpenShift console. Talk about a win-win. Although Red Hat collaborating with AWS is old news (which is an oxymoron), the new deal has integrated AWS and OpenShift into one big Hybrid System.
“Container adoption is taking off in the enterprise, and this alliance is designed to accelerate that by giving customers access to AWS services directly within Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform,” said Jim Whitehurst, president and CEO, Red Hat. “By bringing together the incredible pace of innovation and breadth of functionality that AWS provides with the industry’s most comprehensive enterprise-grade container platform, we’re enabling customers to bring the combined advantages of these offerings across their hybrid environments with the backing of our joint support.” This has made it easier for developers to deploy their applications on containers. Red Hat and AWS will have deeper collaboration and will work together to enable new AWS services with RHEL. This is will help AWS quickly deliver its services to thousands of customers who have built workloads with RHEL on AWS.
"Given that Red Hat is the world's leading provider of open source solutions, our enterprise customers have been passionate about seamlessly running Red Hat Enterprise Linux and various other Red Hat solutions on AWS," said Andy Jassy, CEO, AWS. "With AWS's pace of innovation continuing to accelerate, we're excited about deepening our alliance with Red Hat so that customers can enjoy AWS's unmatched functionality as quickly as it comes out, whether they're using Red Hat Enterprise Linux or Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform."
The JBoss Middleware suite are also offered as fully supported services on AWS, allowing customers JBoss Middleware as containerized application components while enjoying the functionality and security that is expected of AWS. Both the companies are also looking to strengthen the integration between AWS and Kubernetes, the container management platform that powers OpenShift.
If everything sticks to plan, the fully integrated Red Hat products should be available this fall. Red Hat Enterprise Linux is available for AWS via Red Hat Cloud Access or on-demand. Red Hat JBoss Middleware on OpenShift is available today for AWS via Red Hat Cloud Access.
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0.917553 |
Assist the deaf and hard-of-hearing community to communicate with the world around them. Challenge yourself to learn sign language so you can help people everywhere access the services they need. You’ll touch both lives and communities.
Did you know that there is not one universal sign language? Like spoken language, different countries have entirely different sign language systems, each with their own version of dialects, nuances, and signs. Sign language is most frequently used by the deaf and hard-of-hearing community to communicate with both other deaf people and their hearing friends and family. Because it is often considered a disability to be deaf, deaf individuals are granted certain entitlements such as the right to a sign language interpreter so that they can access the same services as everyone else, such as a doctor.
Also like learning a language, studying a sign language degree can best be done abroad in the country whose system you want to learn. Doing so grants students the opportunity to practice the sign skills they have learned in real-life, practical settings. Study sign language abroad in the United States, for example, where students can master American Sign Language.
Studying abroad also gives students the opportunity to make new friends, create professional connections abroad, and explore a totally different culture. Therefore, don’t wait, find a sign language degree abroad today!
If you want to help the deaf community to the best of your abilities, consider studying a sign language degree at one of the best sign language schools at home or abroad. A prestigious degree will give students a competitive advantage after graduation when it’s time to find a job. As a visual language, sign language must be executed with precision in order to convey thoughts and ideas. The best sign language schools will guarantee that students leave the program fluent in sign and ready to help the deaf community.
A typical day in the life of a sign language student involves several lectures and classes on learning sign language. As you become more advanced, classes will focus on teaching students vocabulary related to specific fields such as law or medicine. Additionally, students will attend seminars that teach about deaf culture as well so that students have a better understanding of the community they are helping.
If you study sign language abroad, you can also make the most of your free time by relaxing and exploring your new home!
Those who learn sign language often dedicate their careers to helping the deaf community to communicate with the world around them and access the services they need.
Sign language interpreters are highly respected, and because they are in high-demand, they are fairly compensated for the services they provide. Oftentimes, sign language interpreters can work for themselves as independent contractors, working for several agencies at a time and creating their own schedule.
The best sign language schools will often require that prospective students have demonstrated they have previously performed well in their classes. Both undergraduate and graduate students will have to provide a copy of their academic transcripts, along with any standardized test results.
International students will also have to prove their English proficiency, as many sign language degrees are conducted entirely in English. If the program requires another language, you may also have to prove you have proficiency in a second language. An essay will also most likely be required to complete your application.
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0.851479 |
As the Federal Reserve winds down its money-printing, has quantitative easing helped or hurt the global economy?
The Federal Reserve has ended its asset purchasing programme. It is a quiet end to one of the most radical monetary policy experiments in modern times.
Since the financial crisis, the world's biggest central bank has embarked on an unprecedented programme of asset purchases that has resulted in its balance sheet growing to more than $4.48 trillion.
Under the most recent incarnation of monetary easing - dubbed "QE3" - the central bank has purchased around $1.6 trillion in government bonds and mortgage-backed securities.
With QE3 now winding down, November will be the first time in more than 37 months that the Fed will not be dipping its toe in the securities market.
Here's how QE has changed the global economy.
In September 2012, the Fed announced it would be buying $40bn in mortgage-backed debt in addition to goverment bonds each month. At the time, the US economy was still in the midst of a fledgling recovery, while the eurozone crisis had begun to ease after Mario Draghi did his best to soothe markets.
Then Fed chief Ben Bernanke announced the programme would be open-ended and contingent on improving conditions in the US labour market.
Stubbornly high unemployment was one of the key reasons the Fed decided to embark on additional stimulative measures in 2012.
Arguably, one the best indicators of the success of QE3 has been the fall in unemployment from more than 8pc, when the purchases began, to less than 6pc last month.
The US economy created 2.2m jobs last year, and although measures such as labour force participation have been lagging, the Fed is probably justified in saying it has met the second part of its dual mandate: lower unemployment (the other is stable prices).
The pace of job growth meant that in April, new Fed governor Janet Yellen decided to abandon the notional 6.5pc unemployment target rate as the trigger for a rise in interest rates.
The market now doesn't expect rates to be hiked until mid-2015 at the earliest.
Despite all the money-printing, economic growth has been bumpy.
Output since the Great Recession may have far surpassed other parts of the developed world, but the US recovery has yet to gain the sort of momentum that would allow monetary policymakers to sleep easier at night.
Bad weather at the beginning of the year resulted in growth falling back into negative territory, and, on average, the economy has only managed to expand by 2.2pc a year since QE3 kicked in.
Fears that money printing would augur in a period of uncontrolled hyperinflation have not been realised. In fact, inflation has remained within the Fed's 2pc target rate since the start of the bond-buying.
Falling food and oil prices have helped contribute to declining inflation but unlike the euro-area, which has seen outright deflation in many parts, the US has yet to be caught up in a full-blown negative price spiral.
However, poor global growth and stagnant wages mean downside risks to prices still remain. Weak inflation could also further delay any potential interest rate rise.
Easy monetary policy has provided the biggest fillip to global stock markets. Equities have been on a bull run for more than six years, as risk appetite has been buoyed by low interest rates and unconventional policy.
Since September 2012, the S&P 500 has risen more than 40pc. But as a global sell-off earlier this month has already shown, fears of a meltdown are never far away. The bleak outlook for global growth means a number of stock market "corrections" could still be on the horizon, especially if investors fear the punch-bowl is being taken away from the party too soon.
The policy to buy Treasury bonds has also helped bring down long-term borrowing costs.
Yields on 10-year US paper have also survived the rocky period of the "taper tantrum" in the summer of 2013, when markets took fright at the possibility of QE being wound down earlier than they expected.
For all the reasonable economic data coming out of the US, concerns about the global economy mean another round of Fed bond-buying could still be on the cards.
Stagnant growth in the eurozone, which has begun to experiment with its own form of "QE-lite", is one of the biggest threats to global demand.
Earlier this month, the head of the St Louis Fed, James Bullard, hinted that the Federal Reserve could extend its bond-purchasing programme.
Bullard cited things like political instability, falling oil prices, and weak inflation as downside risks to global growth.
Even as another round of QE comes to a close, the challenges facing the global economy are as urgen as those which confronted Ben Bernanke in 2012. And the response could yet be the same from Janet Yellen.
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0.940971 |
Are these patches available in Ubuntu 8.10 Intrepid Ibex packages for libxine?
From looking at the source code, I do not see any patches called xine-lib-hd in the debian/patches directory.
Assuming it's not in there, I've been trying to make an attempt at compiling these patches into the latest libxine source code as distributed on archive.ubuntu.org.
I've gotten pretty far into learning how to put in patches the "Debian way" using dpatch, and have managed to convert the "xine-lib-hd.patch" distributed with the CD for my pcHDTV 5500 card. It is now in dpatch format, however it does not apply cleanly to stock source. My end goal is to create a nice .deb package for this version of xine with the DVB support patch. This will be mostly for personal use, but I wouldn't mind releasing it as an unofficial debian package for those ubuntu users out there having troubles compiling this (in my experience xine is VERY difficult to compile if you don't have the right dependencies, headers, and a version of the source that will definitely compile on current ubuntu).
I had problems compiling the old xine version distributed on the cd due to libflac, deprecated dependencies such as "xlibs-dev" (now all separated out from the old transitional metapackage).
Due to strange posting problems on this forum when trying to post my steps ("Service Temporarily Unavailable"), I have posted what I've done so far to a pastebin.
Upon a much closer inspection, it seems that the latest source cooresponding to the package of libxine1 in Ubuntu right now (1.1.15-0ubuntu3) may already have the patches!
After going in and hand merging some of the failed hunks using emacs' amazing "diff-mode", I made another (freshly diff'ed) patch myself off of that version of the source that I had tried to place the patch on top of. A couple of the hunks in one of the files seemed strangely to already be there, and did not require patching. However, the first two files seemed like they were unpatched in that version of the code. I was still unsure up to this point on whether libxine had all of the changes in the patch already or not.
Next, I did a fresh clean: "apt-get source libxine1", and it went ahead and grabbed the current Ubuntu source (which apparently the other more recent sounding version I got in my previous post was most likely the experimental unstable version for Ubuntu 9.04 "Jaunty Jackalope"). I ran dpatch to apply all patches to this version, and then tried to place my freshly made patch onto this. This time, every hunk failed, saying that it had already been patched! So perhaps this entire thing was unnecessary, however now I guess I know for sure. I did a clean install of libxine, and it seems that DVB input is indeed supported out of box.
I guess this goes to show that you should always try the .deb first and see if it's got what you need, and then start jumping into the source if not. It had seemed from my initial research that the Ubuntu packages might not have had the patches in, but I guess now (2008) they are!
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0.944394 |
Face detection and alignment in unconstrained environment are challenging due to various poses, illuminations and occlusions. Recent studies show that deep learning approaches can achieve impressive performance on these two tasks. In this paper, we propose a deep cascaded multi-task framework which exploits the inherent correlation between detection and alignment to boost up their performance. In particular, our framework leverages a cascaded architecture with three stages of carefully designed deep convolutional networks to predict face and landmark location in a coarse-to-fine manner. In addition, we propose a new online hard sample mining strategy that further improves the performance in practice. Our method achieves superior accuracy over the state-of-the-art techniques on the challenging FDDB and WIDER FACE benchmarks for face detection, and AFLW benchmark for face alignment, while keeps real time performance.
We look forward your sharing of implementation with better runtime efficiency.
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0.999981 |
Consider it a lesson learned. Lego Star Wars: The Complete Saga is a must-own for the DS, unlike its previous entry.
If you had asked me a year ago if I was up for recommending a Lego Star Wars game for the Nintendo DS, I probably would've violently shaken my head before running at full speed into a brick wall. Well, okay, I probably wouldn't have gone THAT extreme, but I would have gone to great lengths to avoid recommending Lego Star Wars II: The Original Trilogy for the system. The DS version was so far out of whack that it was virtually unplayable, what with its many bugs and glitches. It's almost as if LucasArts rushed the game out the door before testing had even begun on it.
What a difference a year makes. Lego Star Wars: The Complete Saga is a far better game, with almost one hundred percent fewer bugs and, in its place, one hundred percent more fun. You'll find all six Lego Star Wars chapters here, spanning from the events of The Phantom Menace to the final showdown in Return of the Jedi. You'll find yourself in control of several characters over the course of the game, including Obi Wan Kenobi, Han Solo and many others. You can even choose villainous characters, which are unlocked over time.
The thing about Lego Star Wars is that anyone can pick up and play it. The gameplay is genuine fun, as you use your weapon of choice to break up enemies into little piles of blocks. You can also use Force powers with some characters to collect trinkets that are turned around in a virtual shop to buy specific items, such as cheats and extra characters. Gold pieces are also earnable, which then unlock special mini-games specifically designed for the DS version. These mini-games are a blast, ranging from dodging incoming items during a race to blasting asteroids, old-school style. You can even use the touch-screen to activate specific powers, although if you prefer button-pressing, that's an option here, too.
The game looks and sounds like a Lego Star Wars game should. There are a few sacrifices made with this home port, like the crude cutting of specific scenes and the lack of certain musical cues and sound effects. Past that, however, everything's in place and running smoothly. The animation looks great, the level designs are on the money, the game runs at a decent frame rate and John Williams' music score sounds terrific. The only thing that might get on your nerves is that, basically, this is still the Lego Star Wars series you've been playing for the last couple of years. There's no real significant change to the formula. Still, it is what it is.
The only real complaint about the DS version is the lack of support when it comes to multiplayer. You can hook up with a friend who owns a second copy of the game for two-player action, but there's no Game Sharing option for some reason. Worse yet, unlike other versions of the game, it doesn't support the Wi-Fi Connection, so you can't hook up in a Stormtrooper stomping spree with your cousin from Norfolk. It's a small quibble, but a quibble all the same.
Oh, well, at least this version doesn't put you through the same kind of mind-numbing pain that Lego Star Wars II became known for. Lego Star Wars: The Compete Saga is an exceptional home port for the series, and a fine return to form for the Nintendo DS. If you've still got a little bit of Force in you (and, really, who doesn't), then summon it to your game library today. Besides, Princess Leia in a slave outfit is a total block hottie.
What's Hot: A much better game than Lego Star Wars II; enhanced mini-games and touch-screen Force powers; goofy fun for all ages.
What's Not: No Game Sharing or Wi-Fi Connection options; formula is nothing new for the series.
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0.9717 |
I've received a bit of email from people who were wondering why it is I have not commented on the upcoming mid-term elections. "Sciabarra, you're a political scientist, for Chrissake! What do you think?"
Well, let's leave aside the question of how much science goes into politics: It's always nice to know that some people find value in what I say. But with all due respect: There's not a dime's worth of difference between the Democrats and the Republicans. I have not changed my views of this two-party, two-pronged attack on individual freedom by one iota: A Pox on Both Their Houses! In truth, however, the modern Democratic Party has always been honest about its Big Government agenda. But the "small-government" GOP has long embraced the politics of Big Government. As the majority party, they are a total, unmitigated disaster for individual liberty, whether they are religious rightists or so-called "progressive conservatives"—who are actually much truer to the GOP's 19th-century interventionist roots than so-called "Goldwater" or "Reagan" Republicans (those who embraced the rhetoric of limited government, while still paving the way for a growth in the scope of government intervention). You have to chuckle when even Hillary Clinton sees the hypocrisy: "The people who promised less government," she said, "have instead given us the largest and least competent government we have ever had."
Still, I must admit that my political perversity would like very much to see the Bush administration get a royal slap across the face, such that the Democrats take the House of Representatives and, at the very least, close the gap in the GOP-controlled Senate. This is purely a strategic desire: Party divisions can have utility in frustrating the power-lust on both ends. In any event, I think it's probably true that the GOP will suffer a setback, and I have been saying so for over a year.
Please understand, however: THIS WILL DO NOTHING TO CHANGE THE CURRENT DOMESTIC OR FOREIGN POLICY DISASTERS. I don't mean to shout, but with regard to foreign policy alone: The Democrats handed this administration the current foreign policy debacle on a silver platter. They will not challenge one inch of the Bush administration's Iraq policy or its ideological rationalizations for that policy: that "democracy" can be imposed on societies that have little or no appreciation of the complex cultural roots of human freedom.
Either way, I'll be watching the results of politics-as-bloodsport on Tuesday, November 7th.
Comments welcome. Cross-posted at L&P.
I was shocked to find a reasonable viewpoint on L&P (or any of the venues I visit daily) that views current events from a wide context and broad cultural perspective.
Watch not just the winners and losers but how people vote on referedum. Remember there be another election in two years.
Well, it's not quite "Morning in America," as I hold out no hope for real reform from Democratic party hacks. But. Still. It's a good sign when exit polls show that a lot of people are pissed off at the Bush administration for its handling of the war in Iraq. Let's see how this drama unfolds; the House goes to the Dems, and the Senate... still too close to call, but much tigher than expected.
I think there is something your missing in the statement where you opposed the policy "that 'democracy' can be imposed on societies that have little or no appreciation of the complex cultural roots of human freedom." How much appreciation did the Japanese have for "complex cultural roots of human freedom" right after WWII? Yet that society has embraced democracy - or freedom to a great degree. My point is that there is a mystic common denominator with both Japan and Iraq, and we've seen Japan change into a modern country by US intervention.
Obviously, there are many different factors to consider when comparing Iraq to pre-WWII Japan, but your statement did not leave any room for explaining Japan unless you contend that pre-WWII Japan had appreciation for "the complex cultural roots of human freedom."
Eric, thank you for your feedback on this.
Understand that my comments in this particular blog entry are rather off the cuff; I've written many thousands of words on these topics and I think that sometimes when we are posting brief entries like this one, we're not as careful as we might be in restating an argument made many times before.
And I believe that a projected U.S. occupation of Iraq to bring about "democratic" regime change would not be comparable to the German and Japanese models of the post-World War II era. Iraq is a makeshift by-product of British colonialism, constructed at Versailles in 1920 out of three former Ottoman provinces; its notorious internal political divisions are mirrored by tribal warfare among Shiites, Sunnis, Kurds, and others. By contrast, both Germany and Japan possessed relatively homogeneous cultures and the rudiments of a democratic past, while retaining no allies after the war. And in the case of Japan, the U.S. had the full cooperation of Emperor Hirohito, who stepped down from his position as national deity, to become the figurative head of a constitutional monarchy.
I also have a lot more to say about the relationship between culture and politics here. There is no doubt that politics can influence culture, since there is an interrelationship between these factors after all, but even in that case, there has to be some kind of cultural base upon which to build a change in direction.
I would, however, be very interested to hear what you have to say about that "mystic common denominator with both Japan and Iraq..."
I would like to state that I am new to your blog and books and I have to apologize for not reading all of your writings on this subject. The links and quote in your reply helped to clarify your position, and for the most part I agree. The emperor's capitulation is an obvious and essential difference between Japan and Iraq (although that fact could not be foreseen when we went on the offensive in Japan). I used the phrase "mystic common denominator" because both Iraqi and Japanese pre-war cultures heavily embraced religion and their dogmas, and both had/have a certain portion of their culture willing to martyr themselves for Allah in Iraq, or Family Honor in Japan - both fundamentally irrational and anti-life absurdities. So why are the outcomes so different?
I think it is critical to understand why the Japan model worked, and the Iraqi is not, for anyone to put this conflict in full context. All to often I hear people (I am not speaking of you) declare that "you can't force democracy on a people." To which I always reply with the example of Japan.
Consider this: If Iraq had initiated the conflict, what psychological differences would that fact have on Iraqis - and Muslims in general - with regard to our occupation? Is US preemption the difference between the two conflicts and their outcome (at least so-far)? I find it hard to believe that Iraqis and Muslims worldwide wouldn't rationalize their initiation of war by the usual propaganda methods of fact distortion, religious dogma, and all out lies.
1. What is the basic moral principle for going to war? Self interest? Retaliation/Justice? Both?
2. Considering the cultural similarities pointed out above, what are the causes for the current Iraq outcome (so-far) compared to Japan's after WWII?
First, no apology is necessary; thank you very much for reading more of my blog and essay entries postred to my site. Thanks also for your clarification of the phrase "mystic common denominator." You're right about the predominance of religious cultures in the two countries, but, of course, the religions themselves differ considerably. And, in fact, there are also deep doctrinal differences within, for example, Islam, which partially explains the sectarian warfare of Shi'ite and Sunni in Iraq.
I don't think that the fact of initiation or preemption is the key distinction between the Iraq and Japan models. I think that many of us who opposed the Iraq invasion looked to history, specifically the history of Iraq, which was a makeshift creation of British colonialism, and saw deep sectarian divisions that would be unleashed with the collapse of the Hussein regime. This, of course, didn't justify keeping Hussein in power; but it did provide us with a real-world context for projecting the current civil war nightmare as a most likely outcome of U.S. intervention.
While this addresses your second question, I don't have an answer with regard to your first question. Many of my colleagues have worked on issues concerning "just war," etc., but I've not done enough work in this area to offer a satisfactory response.
In the abstract, I would think that "rational self-interest" should underlie any military actions. But there are many problems with implementing such an abstract principle. I address some of this in a series that is indexed here.
Treating nation-states as collectives; treating "self-interest" as applicable to governments (which themselves are made up of individuals, each of whom has differential interests defined by membership in competing groups and/or classes); and not taking into account the serious "unintended consequences"--of both military action and nonaction in various contexts, globally.
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0.969947 |
A city is considering building a new convention center on a brownfield that might be contaminated with hazardous waste. The cost of constructing the center is $25 million, which the city would have to pay in year 1 if it decides to go ahead with the project. The actual construction process would take three years (no additional payments) and the center could be used beginning in year 4. Once it begins operating, the center will generate $2 million per year in revenue every year forever.
However, there is a 50% chance the site is contaminated, which would add a lot of additional costs and time to construction of the center. If construction goes ahead, the city will discover whether or not the site is contaminated in year 1 (only after the $25 million has been paid). If contamination is found, the city will need to abandon the project or pay an extra $25 million in year 1 in order to remediate (clean up) the site. If it decides to remediate, the process will delay completion of the center by 3 years and the first revenue payment will arrive in year 7 instead of year 4.
Assuming the city is risk-neutral and uses a 5% interest rate in all present value calculations, calculate the expected present value of the project. Should the city build the convention center?
Suppose a city is considering developing a brownfield site but believes there is a 50% chance the site is contaminated with hazardous waste. If the site is clean (call that state "C"), the net present value of development will be $10 million. However, if the site is discovered to be contaminated during the construction process (call that state "D" for "dirty"), the site will have to be remediated and the net present value will be -$20 million.
It is possible to test the site for contamination prior to making the decision to develop. However, the test costs $1 million and is imperfect: when contamination is present, the test will fail to detect it 20% of the time. Moreover, the test has a 10% chance of falsely indicating that a clean site is contaminated. What is the expected present value of the test? Should the city buy it? In doing your calculations, you should assume that if the city chooses not to develop, it does not have to pay any remediation costs -- it only has to pay for the test itself.
Please note that since all costs and payoffs are already expressed in present value terms, you do not need to do any present value calculations in this problem.
An individual saving for retirement has a choice of three investments. Option A would have a 20% chance of producing $1 million and an 80% chance of producing $10,000. Option B would have a 30% chance of producing $250,000 and a 70% chance of producing $60,000. Option C would produce $100,000 for certain. The person is risk averse and will choose the option that maximizes his expected utility. The person's ordinary (ex post) utility from a payoff of x dollars is u(x) = x^0.5 (that is, the square root of x).
Please evaluate each of the options: calculate its expected value, its expected utility, and its certainty equivalent. Which option would the individual choose? Would a risk neutral agent choose a different alternative?
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0.985022 |
How can you tell if the tube on a laser cutter is bad?
If a laser cutter is still turning on and moving but just not cutting or engraving, how can you tell if the tube is bad?
I am assuming this is a CO2 laser tube for use with a high voltage, like a lot of low to mid range lasers use.
The best test is just trying to fire it and checking for indications of what's going on. If you have a camera that can detect IR, then you can use it to look for a purple glow when the laser is firing. A lot of smart phones can pick up IR light. You can test your camera with an IR remote control and look for some purple light.
If you see a purple glow on your tube when you fire the laser then the tube is not dead, so check mirror alignment, lens, etc. If there's no glow, then it's not firing, but it could be the power supply or controller rather than the laser tube. If you noticed a decrease in power over time before it failed, that's a good indication of tube failure. If it happened suddenly, you should suspect other components, most likely the high voltage power supply.
You can check the power supply with a large resistor designed to test high voltage systems and a multimeter, but the voltage on the high power side will be in the 20kV and above range, so make sure you have the proper knowledge and equipment to test it safely. If you can't tell, I'd recommend replacing the power supply before buying the tube since it's usually cheaper to purchase and ship the power supply, and if you find out that it's not the problem you can return it more easily and then buy the tube.
Is it normal for power to vary across the laser bed?
Can you cut glass with a CO2 laser cutter?
How do you clean the honeycomb bed on your laser?
How do you connect a laser tube?
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0.940383 |
write my essaybuy essay papersSimple UPS systems essentially consist of a battery, which takes over the power supply when the power fails. Although this changeover will cost a little time, but it’s here really just fractions of a second. For example, if an emergency lighting or cooling is to be operated with the UPS system, this delay does not matter absolutely. Even a computer can withstand these short switchover normally harmless, which is why these so-called Line-interactive UPS systems are sufficiently well. Some very sensitive electronic equipment put greater demands on a UPS system.
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0.957419 |
Food like eggs and fish come from ________.
Which of the following animals gnaw the food?
Plant-eating animals have _____ and ____ front teeth to bite off leaves and grass.
Flesh-eating animals have _______ jaws.
_______ does not have chewing teeth.
Insects _______ the food into their mouth with the help of their long and thin tube.
A ______ has a long neck which helps it to reach and break off leaves.
A _______ gives us milk.
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0.999997 |
Abstract: Whereas it is believed that techniques such as Adam, batch normalization and, more recently, SeLU nonlinearities "solve" the exploding gradient problem, we show that this is not the case and that in a range of popular MLP architectures, exploding gradients exist and that they limit the depth to which networks can be effectively trained, both in theory and in practice. We explain why exploding gradients occur and highlight the *collapsing domain problem*, which can arise in architectures that avoid exploding gradients. ResNets have significantly lower gradients and thus can circumvent the exploding gradient problem, enabling the effective training of much deeper networks, which we show is a consequence of a surprising mathematical property. By noticing that *any neural network is a residual network*, we devise the *residual trick*, which reveals that introducing skip connections simplifies the network mathematically, and that this simplicity may be the major cause for their success.
TL;DR: We show that in contras to popular wisdom, the exploding gradient problem has not been solved and that it limits the depth to which MLPs can be effectively trained. We show why gradients explode and how ResNet handles them.
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0.998732 |
Although NO is a radical, it lacks the reactivity normally inherent to other radicals.
This makes NO fairly innocuous to cells, but key chemical reactions can lead to the production of more reactive species, potentially more toxic than NO itself.
Biologically significant NO redox and additive reactions include those with oxygen in its various redox forms and with transition metals.
1. Oxidation by O2 (aerobic decomposition) alone can lead to numerous nitrogen oxide species existing simultaneously in aqueous solution, irrespective of redox reactions with other biochemical components.
• with ONOO– to yield nitrosating species.
The nature of NOx can thus be significantly altered by the presence of other oxyradicals, which are generally ubiquitous and highly diffusible in the cytosol.
Alternatively, the fate of NO can be shifted if it is produced by NOS in close proximity to sources of O2•– or H2O2 (e.g. NADPH oxidase and/or iNOS). The contribution of O2•– and H2O2 by the NOS enzymes is particularly relevant under conditions of substrate and co-factor limitation.
The ability of NO to bind or react with transition metals or metal-containing proteins may be of the most biological significance with respect to NO and cell signalling pathways. The classic example is the role of NO in cGMP-dependent signaling pathways where the activation of guanylate cyclase arises through the ligation of NO to the iron heme of the enzyme. NO is capable of binding to both the ferric (FeIII) and ferrous (FeII) oxidation states of iron.
• The reaction with FeIII is reversible, catalyzing a process called reductive nitrosation: the reduction of the metal by NO leads to the formation of bound NO+, the nitrosonium ion. Reduction of non-heme transition metals has also been observed, including iron-sulfur centers in proteins (e.g. components of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and other mitochondrial enzymes).
• NO is also a high affinity ligand for FeII, forming a stable nitrosyl complex in competition with O2. Free FeII ions or FeII-containing proteins can thus reduce NO to the nitroxyl anion (NO–), which can oxidize sulfhydryl (thiol) groups. Oxymyoglobin and haemoglobin are important NO scavengers in this regard.
Ultimately, cellular NO chemistry has the potential to generate steady-state concentrations of a variety of NOx species that are in dynamic equilibrium.
In particular, NO+ is a redox species of NO with potential for regulation of cell signaling pathways.
NO+ can undergo addition or substitution reactions with nucleophiles, resulting in the nitrosation of -S, -N, -O and –C centers.
However, under physiological conditions, the direct oxidation of NO to NO+ is very unlikely, and NO+ reacts rapidly with H2O. Rather NO+ carrier species, such as N2O3 and metal-nitrosyl complexes, transfer NO+ to nucleophilic centers through bimolecular nitrosation reactions. The latter reactions create a series of new NO+ donors, such as nitrosamines and nitrosothiols, which can then participate in further trans-nitrosation reactions.
The propensity for S-nitrosothiol formation, through the S-nitrosation of free or protein thiols, seems to have the most biological significance.
S-nitrosothiols act as a bioactive pool serving as a source and sink of NO, buffering free NO. S-nitrosothiols are relatively stable, prolonging the half-life of NO and protecting against generation of more toxic NOx species. Furthermore S-nitrosation of proteins occurs favorably under physiological conditions and is reversible, capable of trans-nitrosation reactions: two criteria that point to S-nitrosation as a potential cellular regulatory mechanism.
• the transition metal content of the local microenvironment.
The cellular redox state is the net balance between the oxidative and reductive potentials within a cell.
The steady-state levels of oxygen- and nitrogen-centered radicals are a key contributor to the oxidative potential, whereas intracellular GSH is a major determinant of the reductive potential.
• secondarily, as a by-product of NADH-dehydrogenase (Complex I) activity.
Once generated, O2•– is vectorially released into the matrix where it undergoes disproportionation to H2O2 by Mn-SOD. H2O2 that escapes matrix glutathione peroxidase activity can freely diffuse from the mitochondria to the cytosol, contributing to the cellular [H2O2]ss and redox state.
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0.959355 |
is it possible that I can have a bigger nose?
My nose looks like somebody stuck a wad of clay on my face and pushed down on it as hard as he could. I know that a lot of people get rhinoplasty to have the size of their noses reduced is it possible that I can do the opposite?
For sure. Contemporary rhinoplasty techniques are about reshaping and structuring to achieve a new planned shape. In many cases in order to achieve this it’s not reduction that’s needed but augmentation. There are a lot of options to give shape to a flat, poorly defined nose and I encourage you to seek consultation for your concerns.
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0.94817 |
In tennis, the word “bagel” is used to refer to when someone loses a set 6-0, and does not win any games at all in a set. So, if someone loses a set 6-0, then he or she is “bagelled”.
bagelled Roddick, who did not win any games in 2 sets!"
The reason the word bagel is used to refer to someone who lost a set without winning any games is simply because a bagel resembles the number “0”.
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0.999973 |
It has been quite a while since I did my last player profile. With the LPGA 2019 season not set to begin for a couple of weeks, I thought now would be a good time.
How Accurate Were My 2018 Top 40 player of the Year Predictions?
Trying to predict the LPGA has become a very difficult task. With more and more great players joining the tour every year, we are seeing much more parity. Yet, I keep on trying. I keep putting myself out there at the beginning of every season.
There were 26 different winnersThere were just 4 multiple winnersThere were winners from 10 different countriesThere were 9 players who won their first LPGA tournamentThere were 5 different major championship winnersThere were 2 rookie winners Once again it was a year that was very, very difficult to predict. But I gave it a try.
Way back in January, before the season began, I made my predictions of who I thought would be the top 40 players of 2018. I put it out there for the whole world to see, knowing in advance that people would focus on my massive misses (but that's what makes this so much fun) Let's see how I did.
As we wait for the 2019 season to begin, it gives me time to look back at the players that made the biggest moves in the Rolex Rankings in 2018.
I have gone back to the first Rolex Rankings of the year and compared them to the current rankings. The only requirements for my list is: (1) A player must have been ranked in the top 100 at the start of the year, or be in the top 100 now. (2) A player must have started the year 2018 with a minimum rating of 0.50 (or else this chart would be filled with unknown names).
Way back in January, before the 2018 LPGA season began, I listed 10 questions that I was looking forward to getting the answers to.
Below I have shown those questions again. Let's see how well they were answered.
10-Can the LPGA make it through a full season without a single tournament being canceled?
Unfortunately, as seems to be the case every season, one tournament was canceled after the 2018 schedule was announced. The tournament in Kuala Lumpar, Malaysia was never played.
9- Can Lydia Ko bounce back from a 2017 season where she did not win a single tournament, and dropped from #1 to #9 in the world rankings?
The answer to this isn't clear cut. On the positive side, Lydia did win one tournament in 2018. On the negative side, she wasn't anywhere near as dominant as she had been prior to 2017. She also dropped to #14 in the world rankings.
8- Can Cristie Kerr, who won twice in 2017, and now has 22 Hall of Fame points, get closer to the 27 points needed for induction?
With the 2018 season in the books, I would like to look back at the players that I thought gave us the most surprising seasons, and those who disappointed. This is based purely on my expectations of these players coming into the 2018 season. You won't see names like Brooke Henderson or Ariya Jutanugarn on here, as we certainly expected them to have big years. Some of these players aren't household names, but had unexpected results this season.
As we wait for the start of the 2019 season, I would like to look back at what I consider the most memorable moments of 2018.
I have narrowed it down to 8, although I know there were many more. This list is very subjective, depending on who your favorite golfers are. A top story for me may be one that someone else might want to forget.
Lexi, who missed a putt inside two feet to blow this championship in 2017, was winless in 2018 coming into this event. This year she made it look easy. She had a three stroke lead entering the final round and never looked back, winning by four strokes over Nelly Korda. Thompson has now won at least one tournament in each of the past six years. No one else on the LPGA has a streak longer than four years.
LPGA Announces its 2019 Schedule!
The LPGA officially announced its 2019 schedule today, and it well worth the wait!
1- The schedule features 34 events (33 official + The Solheim Cup). There were 33 last year (32 + UL International Crown).
2- The season will start one week earlier than last year, and kick off with two new tournaments.
There will be another tournament announced at a later date, that will take place Nov 14-17.
4- Will feature a record setting $70.55 million in prize money (up from 65.35 last year).
We have come to the end of another exciting LPGA season. In many ways it was one of the most exciting seasons ever. Each week we were treated to exciting and competitive tournaments. It certainly seemed that almost every week the tournament wasn't decided until the last hole. In fact, there were seven tournaments that needed a playoff to determine the final outcome. There were seven tournaments that were decided by one stroke, and eight more that were decided by two. We had winners from ten different countries. We also saw the Republic of Korea win The UL International crown in a very impressive fashion.
On that note I would like to take a look at some of the most important stats of the 2018 season.
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0.935011 |
First, what is the most important, the fundamental idea of our theses? The distinction between oppressed and oppressor nations. We emphasize this distinction--in diametric contrast to the Second International and bourgeois democracy. In the epoch of imperialism, it is particularly important for the proletariat and the Communist International to establish the concrete economic facts and in the solution of all colonial and national questions, to proceed not from abstract postulates but from concrete realities.
The characteristic feature of imperialism is that the whole world, as we see, is now divided into a large number of oppressed nations and an insignificant number of oppressor nations, which command colossal wealth and powerful armed forces. The overwhelming majority of the world's population, more than a thousand million people, and very probably 1,250 million--if we take the world's total population at 1,750 million--or about seventy per cent of the world's population, belong to the oppressed nations, which are either in a state of direct colonial dependence or are semi-colonies such as Persia, Turkey and China, or else, having been defeated by the armies of a big imperialist power, have become greatly dependent on that power by virtue of peace treaties. . . .
The second guiding idea of our theses is that in the present world situation, after the imperialist war, the mutual relations between the nations, the whole world system of states, are determined by the struggle of a small group of imperialist nations against the Soviet movement and the Soviet states headed by Soviet Russia. If we let this escape us, we shall not be able correctly to pose a single national or colonial question, even if it concerns a most remote corner of the world. Only by proceeding from this point of view can the communist parties, whether in civilized or in backward countries, correctly pose and solve political questions.
Third, I should like especially to emphasize the question of the bourgeois-democratic movement in backward countries.. . . There is not the slightest doubt that every national movement can only be a bourgeois-democratic movement, for the overwhelming mass of the population in backward countries consists of peasants who represent bourgeois-capitalist relations. It would be utopian to believe that proletarian parties, if indeed they can emerge in these backward countries, could pursue communist tactics and a communist policy without establishing definite relations with the peasant movement and without giving it effective support. . . .
[W]e, as Communists, should and will support bourgeois liberation movements in the colonies only when they are genuinely revolutionary, and when their exponents do not hinder our work of educating and organizing the peasantry and the broad mass of the exploited in a revolutionary spirit. . . .
Are we to accept as correct the assertion that the capitalist stage of development of the national economy is inevitable for those backward nations which are now winning liberation and in which a movement along the road of progress is to be observed since the war? We replied in the negative. If the victorious revolutionary proletariat conducts systematic propaganda among them, and the Soviet governments come to their assistance with all the means at their disposal--in that event, it would be wrong to assume that the capitalist stage of development is inevitable for the backward peoples. In all the colonies and backward countries, not only should we build independent contingents of fighters, party organizations, not only should we launch immediate propaganda for the organization of peasants' Soviets and strive to adapt them to precapitalist conditions, but the Communist International should advance and theoretically substantiate the proposition that with the aid of the proletariat of the advanced countries, the backward countries can pass over to the Soviet system and, through definite stages of development, to communism, without going through the capitalist stage. . . .
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0.999677 |
Was Seth Rich murdered for being the source for WikiLeaks?
Many have speculated what happened to the DNC staffer after he was mysteriously murdered around the exact same time he worked to file a lawsuit against the DNC for rigging the election against Bernie Sanders and in favor of Hillary Clinton.
Seth Rich worked for the DNC as a voter database employee. The case has no witnesses, clues, or evidence, and it has sparked many to revisit claims of a possible Clinton kill list.
Clue#1: Less than a week after the initial WikiLeaks email dump, Rich was shot in the back of the head late at night while walking back to his apartment. He was not robbed nor was his apartment broken into.
Clue #2: Julian Assange has never offered a reward of any kind and has never spoken on behalf of anyone being named as a source.
When you watch the two minute video below, notice Assange's mannerisms and how careful thought out his answers are. He is struggling to keep Rich a secret, but we can clearly see he was the source that played a major role in taking down Hillary Clinton.
Clue #3: Hidden Americans recently released investigative analysis on the multiple ways in which Seth Rich was connected to Hillary Clinton's campaign. They showed a link between Julian Assange and Seth Rich, and that Assange had all but confirmed Rich was helping him.
After all, Seth worked in the voter database division, so he had access to the database centers - which could be how Assange gained access to all of the DNC's data materials and emails.
Clue #4: John Podesta, Hillary's campaign chairman and top ally, emailed about "making an example out of the leaker."
One can easily see how quickly this can go from a conspiracy theory to a strong argument. There are many clues here that point to the Clintons having Seth Rich murdered. The evidence appears to be strong enough for Julian Assange to risk it all by trying to help solve this murder.
Although Julian Assange has not officially indicated that Rich was his source, he did admit that Rich was murdered assassination style, and that points a giant finger towards the Clintons and their long history of "mysterious murders."
It was reported that Rich was shot in the back of the head while he was leaving his car. He was not robbed, moved, or anything. His apartment was not broken into, nor was any evidence left behind indicating he was robbed. Which raises the question: Isn't it very suspicious that Rich was murdered shortly after WikiLeaks began releasing all of their info on the DNC's collusion with Hillary?
Again, it is vital that this story does not slip away and lose attention. Rich was more than likely the staffer that provided WikiLeaks all of the information they needed to destroy Hillary and her presidential campaign.
He is an American hero, and we should treat him and this case in that respect.
Comment: Perhaps a few steps closer to an indictment for Killary & Co.
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0.997733 |
This article needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events especially education of children in kindergarten newly available information. Due to the fact that the United Nations specifically focused on Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, as they are both home to the vast majority of children out of school, they hypothesized that they might not have been able to reach their goal by 2015.
In order to achieve the goal by 2015, the United Nations estimated that all children at the official entry age for primary school would have had to have been attending classes by 2009. This would depend upon the duration of the primary level, as well as how well the schools retain students until the end of the cycle. Not only was it important for children to be enrolled in education, but countries will also have needed to ensure that there are a sufficient number of teachers and classrooms to meet the demand of pupils. As of 2010, the number of new teachers needed in sub-Saharan Africa alone, equaled the current teaching force in the region. However, the gender gap for children not in education had also been narrowed. Between 1999 and 2008, the number of girls not in education worldwide had decreased from 57 percent to 53 percent, however it should also be noted that in some regions, the percentage had increased. According to the United Nations, there are many things in the regions that have already been accomplished.
Although enrollment in the sub-Saharan area of Africa continues to be the lowest region worldwide, by 2010 “it still increased by 18 percentage points—from 58 percent to 76 percent—between 1999 and 2008. Major advances had been made even in the poorest of countries like the abolition of primary school fees in Burundi where there was an increase in primary-school enrollment which reached 99 percent as of 2008. Also, Tanzania experienced a similar outcome. The country doubled its enrollment ratio over the same period.
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0.999243 |
What is the latest version of PKZIP / SecureZIP for Linux on z System?
PKZIP / SecureZIP is supported on RedHat Enterprise Linux 4 or above and SUSE Linux Enterprise 9 or above.
I have PKZIP / SecureZIP running on one of my x86 Linux servers. Can I use this same software and license key to run on Linux for z System?
PKZIP / SecureZIP on Linux for z System provides all the same features that are available on x86 Linux servers. Linux software builds and license keys are hardware-specific; therefore, x86 Linux software and licenses will not work on z System, and vice-versa.
ZIP, OpenPGP, TAR, Gzip, Bzip2, UUencode, and XXencode.
If Im using the -silent option, how do I know if there were any problems creating the .ZIP file?
There are several operations for which PKZIP / SecureZIP creates temporary files:Updating an archive: When you update an archive, PKZIP / SecureZIP first creates and updates a temporary copy of the archive. When the update is completed, the original archive is replaced with the updated copy. Data in the temporary file is encrypted if it was encrypted in the archive you are updating.Creating a spanned archive: A temporary file is created to span an archive in segments across multiple discs or other media. Data in the temporary file is encrypted if it is to be encrypted in the final archive.Extracting an embedded archive: An archive can be embedded in another archive. For example, a ZIP file can contain another ZIP file, or a GZIP archive can contain a TAR archive. The embedded option can be used to extract the files in an embedded archive file directly instead of first extracting the embedded archive itself. In this case, the embedded archive is extracted into a temporary file before its files are extracted. The data in the temporary file is encrypted only if the archive is encrypted. Example1: if outside.zip contains inside.zip, the data in the temporary file is encrypted only if it was encrypted in inside.zip. Example2: if outside.zip contains inside.tar, the data in the temp file is NOT encrypted, as TAR doesnt allow for encryption.Creating streamed archives: When you write an archive to a data streamfor example, to STDOUT (see chapter 3 of the Users Manual for the Server or Command Line productsPKZIP compresses and (if encryption is specified) encrypts the data before writing it to the temporary file. The temporary file is needed to get size information for local headers, which are written out before file data. But the data is already compressed and encrypted when its placed in the temporary file; it never appears on disk unencrypted.
Can I use my existing OpenPGP keys with SecureZIP for Linux on z System?
Yes, SecureZIP supports standard OpenPGP keyrings and keys. You can use your existing OpenPGP keyrings for creating and opening OpenPGP encrypted files on Linux for z System.
Your files are only as secure as your password, but that can be a problem sometimes. It is important to make your passphrase easy for you to remember, but hard for anyone else to guess. PKZIP / SecureZIP does not store an archives passphrase anywhere but inside the file. PKWARE has no special means for getting around the encryption and is not able to assist in the recovery of an encrypted file.
Why am I asked for a password when I am using my digital certificate to sign or decrypt my .zip file(s)?
Only SecureZIP Enterprise supports using LDAP digital certificates to encrypt archives. See Accessing Recipients in an LDAP Directory in Chapter 3 of the Users Manual for more information.
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0.98685 |
When someone runs a business, it is important that they have the ability to resolve computer and network issues as quickly as possible. However, many companies are not able to afford an on site tech support team. To ensure that IT issues do not derail a business, many companies have started using remote IT support services. These services allow a tech support agent to log into computers and networks remotely to resolve technical issues.
There are a variety of reasons that a company would want to take advantage of a remote support services, including: speed of resolution, low cost and the variety of expertise available. However, any company that uses these solutions should be sure to safeguard against the possibility of social engineers gaining access to business networks. Still, companies that are proactive can greatly reduce or eliminate the risk of unwanted people gaining access.For companies that use outsourced tech support, if they do not allow remote access to networks and computers, these companies have to wait until a tech support team arrives on site to resolve an issue. Waiting for an IT resolution team to arrive can take hours, which is an incredible amount of downtime for a business. However, remote IT services can log into a computer or network within minutes. Additionally, most remote support services are far less expensive than using IT services that require technicians to be on site. This is because remote services do not need to charge companies for travel time and cost of maintaining a fleet of vehicles.
Another advantage that remote IT services have over even in house tech support staff is the variety of expertise that is available to companies that use them. Remote services usually employ staff that are versed in repairing networks, computers, backup drives and many other devices. This means that no matter what issues a company runs into, remote support services will be likely to have someone who can resolve the problem.
While there are a lot of advantages to companies that use remote technical support services, there are some issues that are associated with using them. To begin with, remote support means that companies are allowing access to their computers and networks. It is important that only tech support teams be allowed entry through these channels. This is easily remedied by only turning on remote access when support is needed and requiring user names and passwords for access.
However, that does not eliminate concerns regarding social engineering. Social engineers gain access to networks and computers by gathering information from unsuspecting employees instead of hacking. To ensure that employees do not accidentally open the door for social engineers, companies need to make staff aware of the dangers of giving away this kind of information. Employees should understand that remote IT services will already have the information and credentials they need for access.
Using remote IT support is a great way for companies to save money and time, and as long as they are proactive, businesses can be sure that their networks and data are safe.
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0.951261 |
"In praising Antony I have dispraised Caesar"
Ptolemy was the general who acquired Egypt and north Africa (see the map above). From Ptolemy came his namesake Ptolemaic Dynasty that ruled for about three centuries, until the murder of Caesarion (Ptolemy XV), the 17 year old son of Cleopatra and Julius Caesar, by order of Octavian (who later became the Ceasar Augustus of the Bible; see The Roman Emperors: Augustus) in 30 BC.
Although Ptolemy and his successors were and remained Greeks, they assumed many Egyptian customs, ruling in the supposed-tradition of the ancient Egyptian Pharaohs. They also conducted themselves in incestuous marriages similar to many of the actual Egyptian Pharaohs. The Ptolemaic kings, all fifteen of whom were named Ptolemy, often married their sisters, who were commonly named Cleopatra (from the Greek kleos patris meaning famous parents).
One Egyptian custom that they did not adopt however was the language - the Ptolemies were avid Greek speakers. They made Greek the official language of Egypt, and many cities were given Greek names. The name Egypt is itself derived from the Greek term for it.
Ptolemy moved the capital of Egypt from Memphis to Alexandria - the city founded by Alexander the Great himself, and where Alexander was buried. From there, the Ptolemies ruled an empire that extended beyond Egypt to Israel and Jerusalem, Cyrenaica, Cyprus and as far north as western Asia Minor (Turkey) and the Aegean Sea region - which brought them into conflict with the Romans who were then getting "ambitious" with their own borders.
Alexandria became one of the greatest ancient centers of knowledge and trade. A great library was founded there. Many Jews also lived in the city and adopted Greek ways and language (see Hometowns: Alexandria). The Septuagint, the Old Testament translation into Greek, was made by Jewish scholars in Alexandria.
Eventually the Ptolemaic kingdom was weakened by typical internal struggles for control (the ultimate threat to democracy is democracy itself, when legislative-gridlock and party-polarization lead people to view their fellow citizens as an, or even the greatest, enemy of the nation - when a country starts to devour itself; see also What Did A Father Of Democracy Predict About It?) and the growing power of the Romans.
Cleopatra VII was the last and generally most well-known of the Ptolemaic rulers. Although there were numerous Cleopatras, she is the one that made the name famous.
Cleopatra reigned with the political support of the Roman leader Julius Caesar (see The Roman Emperors: Julius Caesar), with whom she had a son.
After Julius Caesar was assassinated, Cleopatra became involved with the Roman general Marc Antony - a lust and power relationship that lasted for 10 years. It ended when the forces of Antony and Cleopatra were defeated by Octavian (recorded as Caesar Augustus in the Bible; see The Roman Emperors: Augustus) at the battle of Actium. After Cleopatra, 39, and Antony, 53, both committed suicide (she by having a poisonous snake bite her), Egypt was absorbed by the emerging Roman Empire.
Fact Finder: What was the Greek and Roman place in the order of Biblically-related "world" empires? What is going to be the last empire on Earth?
871: The Battle of Ashdown (southeast of London) between the Danes and the West Saxons under Ethelred and Alfred the Great. The Saxons drove the Danes back, but with heavy losses on both sides.
1066: Harold Godwinson, England's last Anglo-Saxon king, was coronated as Harold II. He succeeded his deceased brother-in-law, Edward the Confessor.
1099: Henry V, second son of Henry IV and his first wife Bertha of Turin, was crowned king of Germany.
1169: England and France agreed to peace when Louis VII and Henry II met at Montmirail.
1205: Philip of Swabia, King of the Germans, became "King of the Romans" (Latin: Rex Romanorum; German: Romisch-Deutscher Konig; see The Holy Roman Empire Of The German Nation).
1492: Ferdinand and Isabella, "The Catholic Monarchs" of Spain, entered Granada, completing the Reconquista.
Ferdinand and Isabella are most well-known to history as the employers of Christopher Columbus (see Thanksgiving In History and Prophecy for a map of the four voyages of Columbus - all of which were actually limited to the islands of the Caribbean Sea), as well as for their "Spanish Inquisition" that imprisoned, tortured and murdered non-Catholics all across Europe. The torture known as "water boarding" was invented during their reign of terror.
1540: King Henry VIII of England married his fourth wife, Anne of Cleves.
1558: The French seized the British-held port of Calais.
1781: During the Battle of Jersey, the British defeated the last attempt by France to invade the island (Jersey is the largest island in the English Channel).
1848: Pope Pius IX, in his encyclical letter "In Suprema Petri Apostoli Sede" ("On The Supreme Throne Of Peter The Apostle"; see also Papal Bull) invited the Orthodox Church to reunite with the Church of Rome.
1884: Austrian monk Gregor Mendel died. He made many scientific discoveries involving genetics.
1912: German geophysicist Alfred Wegener published his (correct) theory of continental drift. Although obvious, such as in how the west coast of Africa and the east coast of South America would fit together perfectly (because they were joined long ago), Wegener (and others) was rejected and mocked in his own time for it. It was only in the 1950s that continental drift became accepted by science (see The Greatest Islands Of Earth).
1929: King Alexander of Yugoslavia abolished the constitution, dissolved the government and established a royal dictatorship.
1959: The British jet Lightning P-1 flew twice the speed of sound.
1969: President Charles de Gaulle of France banned French arms sales to Israel.
1989: Emperor Hirohito of Japan died at age 87. He reigned 62 years.
1990: Poland's Communist Party leaders agreed to its dissolution and replacement by a non-Marxist party.
2009: In response to continuous rocket attacks on civilian population centers by Palestinian terrorists, Israel began a counter-attack on Gaze, Operation Cast Lead (see also Where Is Palestine? and Gaze In History And Prophecy).
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0.86799 |
Who was Christian Carmack Sanderson?
Christian Carmack Sanderson, aka “Chris” and “Christy,” was born in 1882 in the little village of Port Providence, along the Schuylkill Canal in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. The canal was built between 1816 and 1825, mainly to carry anthracite coal in mule-drawn boats from the coal region at the head of the Schuylkill River downstream to Philadelphia, a distance of 108 miles. Port Providence was the halfway station where the mules were changed.
The Sandersons were a typical American family of that era, one strongly devoted to family, church, and country. Chris graduated in 1898 from the Port Providence School, went off to college to prepare for a career as a schoolteacher, and graduated in 1901 from West Chester Normal School (now West Chester University). True to his calling, he taught for the next 28 years in a number of schools in the area. He was, however, always much more than a school teacher. His talent, keen intellect, and forceful personality led him to pursue several other interests, for each one of which he became very well known.
Born into a historically-minded family, Chris developed an early interest in history, particularly local history. He devoted much of his time and energy in “making history live” for many thousands of school children. His love for history had him tramping the countryside for relics and information and had him camping with the Civil War veterans at Gettysburg on the 50th anniversary of that famous battle. Very few important events occurred in Washington, D.C., or New York that did not see Chris Sanderson as a witness. He attended every Presidential inauguration from Teddy Roosevelt’s (1905) to Lyndon Johnson’s (1965), and to most of those events he took with him school-age boys so that they, too, could witness history in the making. Without a doubt, his love of history, especially American history, drove his passion to collect historical objects — and vice versa.
Chris started at an early age to collect historical objects, an activity that was strongly influenced and encouraged by his mother Hanna. For over 75 years, he collected a vast array of material that now constitutes the Sanderson Museum. Chris collected whatever interested him, whatever touched him—no matter how quirky—probably for reasons that only he fully understood. The scope of his collecting was truly astonishing—family treasures, music, militariana, sports, American history, art, books, glass, china, photographs, autographs, signs, posters, newspapers, letters, curios, arrowheads, rocks and minerals, and more. He was dedicated to preserving our past, as he perceived it, and as best as he could manage to do it. Moreover, wherever he lived, he always welcomed visitors to see his collection and revel in the American history that it represented. Chris’s idiosyncratic collection of historical relics, artifacts and memorabilia defines and celebrates his singular vision of the American experience. Given the breadth and depth of his collecting, one wonders how he ever had time to pursue the many other activities for which he was equally or even more famous.
Chris started his formal teaching career in 1901, in a one-room school house at Garwood, Montgomery County. For the next 28 years, he taught at 10 different schools, mostly in Chester and Delaware Counties, Pennsylvania. Many of them were one-room schools where he held simultaneously the positions of Principal, teacher, and janitor. His teaching career ended in 1929, following his tenure as Principal of the Oak Grove School in Elsmere, Delaware. Chris never stayed very long at any one school. He was a firm taskmaster, but his students loved him, because he made school work interesting, rewarding, and fun. His teaching methods were unorthodox, however, far too unconventional to suit the conservative directors of the rural schools where he taught, so he moved frequently from one school to another.
Following his formal teaching career, Chris gained fame—but certainly not fortune—in pursuit of his many other interests, including teaching “youngsters of all ages” the art of square dancing. There, his teaching style reflected his slogan, “If you can walk, you can square dance.” Up to the time of his death in 1966, he was still conducting square dance classes in private and public schools and giving classroom lectures.
At an early age, Chris learned to play the violin, and he became a devotee of both country music and country dancing. He played for square dances in Chadds Ford as early as 1905, at age 23. Over the years, he became very well known for his calling of country dances, which included square, round, and contra dances and, of course, he played his violin to accompany the dances. In 1932, he organized his own country band, The Pocopson Valley Boys, to perform with him at dances and at myriad other events. As time passed, members of the band changed, as did the mix of instruments represented, but the band itself survived into the 1950s.
In 1950, Chris and the Pocopson Valley Boys made a record album of square dance music, including calls and recommended music for several of his favorite dances. Chris was exceedingly proud of this achievement. “Valuable to me. The first album of my own,” he wrote on the album cover.
Chris was also instrumental in founding (1928) The Old Fiddlers’ Picnic, which he nurtured and actively supported for the rest of his life. The organization was devoted to preserving and promoting old time fiddling and related musical arts. Annually (88th year in 2016), on a weekend in August, fiddlers and other musicians gather at Hibernia Park (Chester County, Pa.) for music and memories.
Chris was a popular, colorful speaker known for his command of local and American history, the broad range of his lecture topics, and his rapid-fire delivery. His topics included Historic Chester County; Historic Delaware County; Valley Forge; Gettysburg; The Story of Kennett; The Joy of Living; Seeing Things Near Home; and, of course, The Battle of the Brandywine. Brandywine was one of Chris’s signature interests. He lived on the battlefield and was an expert on the conduct of the battle—people, places, fighting units, strategies, anecdotes, and what actually happened at every hill and valley. Chris’s account of the battle, illustrated with a map that he would hand draw for the occasion on a sheet of paper, a napkin, a chalkboard, or a bed sheet, was so vivid, so riveting, and so richly detailed that one might have concluded that he was actually there as a witness! No matter the topic, however, the quintessential context of his lectures was history—reflections on people and events that shaped our Nation or locale. Chris left teaching, but teaching never left Chris.
Chris was an inveterate radio performer who was well known for his work. His broadcasting career spanned 43 years and four different area radio stations. His first broadcast was in March of 1923 on station WFI in Philadelphia, for the Boy Scouts of America; his last was in October of 1966 on station WCOJ in Coatesville, less than a month before he passed away. His first orchestra, “The Delmarvans,” performed briefly on station WILM in Wilmington in 1930. His weekly program, “Old Folks at Home,” ran from 1930 to 1940 on WDEL in Wilmington, and was notable because in those 10 years Chris never missed or was even late for a scheduled broadcast. At the time, this was believed to have been a world’s record for continuous broadcasting. This, despite the fact that Chris did not own a car; he lived in Pocopson (15 miles away), then in Chadds Ford (10 miles away); and no matter the season, weather, or other circumstances, he depended entirely on walking and hitch-hiking for transportation. The station figured that over that decade, Chris had commuted 13,780 miles to and from the station with no means of transportation but his thumb and his feet!
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0.955901 |
I've been hearing a lot about gel manicures lately. Are they safe or not?
The biggest problem with gel polish is when it comes to removal. If done improperly, then it could damage your nail bed. You never want to scrape the polish off as this will cause damage to the nail bed.
Can I take the gel polish off myself or do I have to go back to the salon? Is there an extra charge for that when I return?
You should return to the salon to have the gel nail polish professionally removed (remember, never let anyone "scrape" it off your nails!!! If you decide to get a gel manicure, please be sure to go to a reputable salon - and - the cost of removal of the gel polish should be included, so when you return for removal, that cost has already been paid.
In addition to the possibility of injuring the nail bed by scraping the gel polish off, people worry about the safety of the UV lights to dry the polish. If you're worried, just turn that UV option off. You still get the fan blowing to help dry, might not be as quick as with using the UV, but then you don't need to worry about any possible danger concerns.
The UV light really is beneficial for getting your nails completely dried (cured) in the quickest amount of time. IF UV is a concern, then I highly suggest you simply wear a great sunscreen on your hands when using the UV light.
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0.999719 |
What is so great about this Tweet is that despite saying ‘Mexican’ instead of ‘Spanish’ and using incorrect punctuation, Donald Trump is not going to apologize.
What America is seeing is if guys like Teddy Roosevelt, Andrew Jackson or Lyndon Johnson had access to Twitter in their days.
Trump is just going to throw whatever he wants on the table and watch everyone around him cry, while he moves on to his next item of business.
[adinserter block=”1″]Liberals can cry all they want, but Trump continues to surge in the Republican polls. It is important to remember that Trump today also went against the grain and wants to tax the 1% more, making him now a palatable selection for more conservative Democrats. Trump says one of his first items of business in office will be introducing higher tax for the wealthy who are weaseling out of paying taxes now. He includes himself in the number of Americans who would pay higher taxes.
Of course the radical left-wing media is trying to make his Twitter comment big news today, when the true big news is that Trump’s fiscal policy is centrist as far as taxes go. This makes him a savory choice for Democrats and fiscally smart Republicans who want to see America’s economy dominant again on that issue.
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0.999987 |
In most cases the source domains are more concrete than the target domains. Target and source domains aren't usually reversible.
orientational - involving "up", "out", etc - "he fell ill"
Metaphors can be based on a general background image - in-out, up-down, contact (e.g. saying "Hold on" to someone on the phone), or a more specific image - "life is a journey", "ideas are food" etc.
Lakoff (from whom many of the book's idea come from), Turner and Ray Gibbs have looked at how poets' metaphors are different from everyday ones. In many cases they're no different. Sometimes they extend, elaborate, question (take literally) and combine.
When a comparison is made between 2 domains, not all the features of those domains are compared. Does "it dawned on him" always imply that there'll be a sunset? The book discusses what might determine the choice. The poetic context might encourage "illegitimate transfer".
Metaphors help us understand by letting us transfer our knowledge and skills from one domain to another.
Metaphors can interact or form hierarchies - "heat = intensity", "love = fire". Events have Purpose (leading to destinations); Means (implying paths); Difficulties (hence impediments). Such underlying schemas can influence our thinking. Many of these schemas are cross-cultural.
Metonymy is when one aspect of a domain related to another aspect (part-whole, for example). Examples given include "Does he own any Hemingway?", "America doesn't want another Pearl Harbor", "The sax has the flu today"
Finally Turner and Fauconnier's ideas of mental spaces, conceptual projection and blending are mentioned.
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0.947792 |
Are new Uber drivers in Calgary subject to criminal background checks?
Ride-sharing apps like Uber and Lyft have had a hard time of things in Calgary, with the city initially barring such services due to concerns that drivers did not possess adequate insurance to cover themselves and their passengers when they were driving as part of their profession/employment rather than operating vehicles as private citizens.
Note that Mayor Nenshi singled out the fact that a Calgary driver had been approved while facing "an active assault charge," meaning a charge that had yet to be proven in court. Apparently the mayor believes that the presumption of innocence shouldn't apply to Uber drivers—or at least so it would seem.
Uber is definitely completing some type of background check, it just hasn't been clear to the public exactly what their process is. Uber claims that they run a social security trace on every potential driver to identify addresses associated with the potential driver’s name during the past seven years. After this Uber then completes the criminal background check to search for the individual's name and addresses in a series of national, provincial and local databases for convictions in the last seven years.
While this seems a miscarriage of justice, the laws surrounding Uber and other ride-sharing apps are still murky at best, and until they're settled there are likely to be other points of confusion and even outright injustice that everyone in Calgary will have to contend with.
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0.999498 |
Who is Archbishop Bruce J. Simpson, OSJB?
Archbishop Bruce J. Simpson, OSJB, is a Vietnam Era Veteran, former Police Officer of the Year, a Federal Agent, a Federal Magistrate, an armed bodyguard to Saudi Royalty, a senior Federal Government executive, and recipient of awards from the Vice President of the United States and the Secretary of Treasury. While studying at Mt. St. Mary's Seminary and Theological College at the Catholic University of America, Bruce decided that his own conflict of conscience would not allow him to go on to ordination in the Roman Catholic Church.
He looked into the other branches of Catholicism, and found the Old Catholic Church, based out of Utrecht, Holland, which broke from Rome in 1889, but maintained valid Apostolic Succession and Canonical recognition in Roman law. He was ordain a Deacon in 1995, a Priest six months later, and was called to the Episcopacy in early 1999. On January 30th, Bruce was consecrated a Bishop of the Catholic Church. In 2002, he was consecrated sub-conditione by a Roman Catholic Archbishop, three times removed from Pope Paul the Sixth. His early ordinations were performed while Bruce was in charge of the U.S. Governments non-tax debt collections. The Archbishop has also authored, The Gay Face of God (scheduled for release in 2014 by Fountain Blue Publishing).
A: The title of the book is as important as the entire story and in fact tells the story in one sentence. While standing in the courtroom, I personally heard one member of the jury pool say to another, "Well, if he's queer, he musta done it." This was before one word of testimony was heard. I knew then that Michael was convicted before he even appeared in court. I was dressed as Bishop and had to bite my tongue because the Judge did NOT like me being present.
Q: Is there a message in your book that you want readers to grasp?
A: There are two messages I'd be thrilled if the reading public could take away from this book. The first is that gay people are not treated equally before the law or correctional system. They are in fact despised. The second message is that while our Constitution may have been drafted by great men with great spirit, they failed to take in the full measure of man's inhumanity to man. The system they set the groundwork for is flawed, discriminatory, and often at the very whim of those in power. It is a disgrace.
A: The facts in this book are one hundred percent true and accurate. This author either personally observed it, was involved in it, or took the story from the records of this case. Internal prison life was told to me by Michael Batey himself.
What others are saying about If He's Queer He Musta Done It.
Want to learn more about Archbishop Simpson and his work?
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I’ve been doing a bit of reading on safety leadership lately, and I’ve noticed a consistent theme in the safety consulting and research literatures: Identifying the characteristics of successful leaders. Countless articles present lists of mostly personality-based traits that are posited to predict which employees will gravitate toward leadership roles in the organization. OSHA even has a ‘Safety & Health Leadership Quiz’ that rates your safety leadership skills. Clearly personality is a key component of safety leadership, but to paint the whole picture we must also consider the behaviors of effective leaders.
Indeed, certain personality characteristics strongly influence a person’s leadership style and effectiveness, and we have discussed their importance in some of our previous safety blogs. However, these desired characteristics have limited value until they are translated into strong safety leader behaviors. Furthermore, individuals who score lower on trait-based leadership measures, particularly younger employees with little or no management experience, might become discouraged from pursuing such a role if their assessment scores in these areas are low. This brings me to my main point: Safety leadership is more about your behavior (what you do) than your personality (who you are). If this is true, then by definition, safety leadership can be trained. Specifically, YES, you do have what it takes to be a safety leader!
This is where personality characteristics come into play. Your SafetyDNA is your default mode the context of workplace safety; it is relatively stable over time and difficult to change. However, knowing your safety blind spots allows you to adjust your behaviors at work accordingly, which will reduce your risk of being injured on the job. Additionally, it helps you be better equipped to recognize hazards in your work environment and the relative levels of safety behavior that your coworkers display. With this new information, you can build yourself up as a safety leader.
Every organization needs formal safety leaders, such as managers seeking to keep employees safe, and informal safety leaders, such as a line worker who carries influence among coworkers concerning safety standards on the floor. Thus, there are opportunities at various levels of the organization for you to influence the safety culture. Adopting these behaviors may or may not come naturally to you, but you CAN develop this skill set if you are proactive about improving your workplace safety behaviors and motivating your coworkers to do the same.
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Whats the difference between Formula 1 and NASCAR... which is better??
Best Answer: This question is deceptive. It sounds so simple, and yet it is very difficult to answer properly. There have been some wonderful answers, namely Bobby and Martin. There have also been some rather uninformed answers, but back to the question at hand. Both are simply car races where cars must conform to standards set by a governing body. They are excuses for people to strap themselves into something fast and try to beat the next person to the finish line. It's the same reason there are track and field races, ski races, bobsled, bike and speed skating races. It all boils down to competition. Both have their roots in the car races of the early 1900's. The European races of the 20's and 30's for F1 and the beach course races at Daytona Beach, Florida in the 30's. I'm not going to go into specifics here so that I can keep this answer to the point. You can find all the specifics you could want by going to the links provided in the "source" section below.
Now, let's divide this up for ease of comparison.
Formula One is open wheel racing, meaning simply that the cars' wheels are open, or not covered by the skin of the vehicle. The sport is basically technology driven. Manufacturers spend time and money in research and development to produce new parts construction materials etc. to make their cars faster than the next guy. The courses are generally road courses, a term meaning that the course consists of left and right turns as well as straights. As mentioned by others F1 races are sometimes run on courses made of blocked off city streets. They also race in the rain and use a different type of fuel. F1 races take place all over the world.
NASCAR is stock car racing, meaning that the cars are loosely based on 4 door sedans currently in production by the auto makers that compete in the series; Ford, Chevrolet, Dodge, and Toyota starting in 2007. The cars do use older technology, but they are meant to emulate the classic American hot rods. It's the idea of taking what you have and doing enough modifications to beat the other guy. Although, in NASCAR, those modifications must meet the standards and fit the rules. They compete on many different tracks, although most are considered oval. There are many configurations though; ovals, tri-ovals, quad-ovals, nearly rectangular, triangular, and even egg shaped like Darlington. They also race on two road courses each season. The oval type tracks differ in more than shape. They fit into three categories by length, "short tracks", "intermediate" and "super speedways". The tracks also have varying degrees of banking which, along with length, contribute to the attainable speeds. Two of the super speedways, Daytona and Talledega, use a restrictor plate because they also have high banking. The restrictor plate is a plate with regulation sized holes placed between the carburetor and intake manifold to restrict the flow of air and fuel, causing a reduction in power and speed. Unrestricted engines at these tracks can produce over 750 horsepower and reach speeds near 230 mph.
Many people say NASCAR is more exciting because of the crashes, while Formula 1 "is recognized as the highest class of auto racing in the world." Neither has any bearing on which series is better. That is based purely on opinion and you'll have to decide that for yourself. As you can see from the amount of information, I know more about NASCAR because I'm a fan. I even took a class in college called "The Evolution of Southern Motorsports" that went into all aspects of the sport. No matter what anyone else says, you should look at both series and make your own decision on which one you feel is better.
Formula One drivers are there because they are the best in the world. Every component of the car is at the cutting edge of modern technology. In fact, many features found in today's cars evolved from Formula One (turbocharging, traction control, ABS, stability management, continuously variable transmission, crumple zones, etc.). Formula One cars are light, powerful, and are extremely manuverable.
NASCAR, on the other hand, has drivers who are less skilled. Additionally, the cars do not use very advanced technology. Driving a stock car takes little to no knowledge of braking or lines, there is simply a high or low side of the track. Also, NASCAR is rather boring, since races can last up to 300 laps around the same oval track with all left-hand turns.
Formula One races on street courses or tracks with varied layouts that test the cars braking, acceleration, lateral grip, and driver skill. Formula One is better because it requires more from both car and driver.
Formula 1 is a franchise, and is the pinnacle target of any race driver. It is not only schedule in global circuits, but also, all the prime top commercial brands are out there. Call it cream of the crop. In fact, some teams competing therein are not commercially producing their units for the general public, but solely devoted to Formula 1. NASCAR on the other hand is only based in the USA, and has no other franchise around the globe. Prestige-wise, it is not as glamorous as F-1, but is serves a good purpose. Any top driver of NASCAR can set his eyes in joining F-1, on condition: if he qualifies in their elimination runs, and more so, if he can find a big name in the sport who can "adopt" him in the team, say, Mercedes, or BMW. But for motoring enthusiasts in the USA, NASCAR is more accessible, whereas F-1 has so many venues, like Monaco, Dubai, or Macao, and it is highly unlikely that an ordinary fan can follow them as they hold races in different circuits. Dream, anyway!
Formula one is the very highest form of motor racing. It is the most technically advanced, has the most skilled drivers, and is raced on street courses, meaning that every track is entirely differently shaped. Nascar is far less advanced and is raced almost exclusively on ovals. In my opinion, F1 is FAR more interesting.
Whats the difference???...the answer is simple....gross amounts of money with several prima donna's ....a ton of politics, no passing, absurd admission costs for spectators all for what.....You can run all of Nascar of McLarens budget!!!!
Nascar, is tighter, with closer racing and far more action that F1.
NASCAR is like a quick taxi going around a elongated roundabout!
Source(s): Fan of both for many years.
F1 has about 20 cars a race with no passing.Nascar starts 43 wrecks about 10 and has more passing in the first lap than all season in F1.
NASCAR, is better, more people are noticed, and the races are fun!
Oh geez! The answer is simple:F1 is 1,000,000,000 times better than NASCAR!
1. What is the difference between Formula 1 and NASCAR?
What is the difference between formula 1 and nascar?
Whats the difference between NASCAR, Formula 1, and INDY racecar driving?
What is the difference between Formula 1 and IndyCar?
What is the difference between Naskar and Formula 1 ?
Should Ferrari drop Vettel asap as he can't perform under pressure?
Does anybody know where Nigel Albon, Alex's father was born?
Who is the prat who says "get in there Lewis" when he wins a race?
Is Bottas going to eclipse Hamilton again this weekend? Ditto for LeClerk/Vettel!!?
How can someone become a formula one driver?
La libertad de cada uno debería permitir que quien quisiera pudiera vender sus órganos?
Is F1 only on Sky this year?
Why don't F1 cars have 4-wheel drive?
How does Formula 1 get its attention?
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At the end of this, there's a dialogue option of "I still don't understand why you wanted to show me your past). Oom draws a picture, but all possible responses lead to him being frustrated and wiping out the image. Is there some requirement (tier or skill level, for example) that will lead to an answer, or is it meant to be left a mystery?
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Prohibition went into effect in Bombay.
Nazi Germany forbade the sale of lottery tickets to Jews.
Glenn Miller and His Orchestra recorded "In the Mood".
Einstein–Szilárd letter: Albert Einstein signed a letter written by Leo Szilard addressed to U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, warning that Germany might develop an atomic weapon and suggesting that the United States should start its own nuclear program. The letter would prompt Roosevelt to take action and eventually result in the Manhattan Project.
British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain introduced a motion to adjourn the House of Commons until October 3. The motion passed 250-132, and an attempted amendment by the opposition to shorten the length of adjournment to August 21 was defeated. More than 30 Conservatives supported the shorter recess and expressed their displeasure by abstaining from voting. One of them was Winston Churchill, and another was John Ronald Cartland, who during a speech prophetically said, "We are in the situation that within a month we may be going to fight, and we may be going to die."
The medical licenses of all Jewish doctors in Nazi Germany were nullified.
A Chinese mob in Tientsin attacked offices of the British International Export Corporation, smashing furniture and other equipment and throwing it into the Hai River. The British said the attack was instigated by the Japanese.
The 76th United States Congress adjourned for the rest of the summer.
Poland sent Danzig a note demanding that interference with Polish customs guards on the border with East Prussia cease.
Thirteen women known as Las Trece Rosas were executed in Francoist Spain for aiding a military rebellion.
Poland celebrated the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Polish Legions' entry into the World War. Marshal Edward Rydz-Śmigły told a cheering crowd of 100,000 that "violence inflicted by force must be resisted by force" and that Poland's conduct with regard to Danzig "will be adjusted to the conduct of the other side."
Swedish businessman Birger Dahlerus arranged a meeting at his house in Schleswig-Holstein between his friend Hermann Göring and seven important British businessmen in an effort to avoid war. The meeting was friendly and Dahlerus believed that an informal agreement was in place to hold a peace conference.
Danzig rejected the Polish demand of August 5, refusing to recognize untrained Polish officials as supervisors of Danzig customs.
1,300 warplanes filled the skies over Britain on the first of several days of air defence tests.
The historical adventure film Stanley and Livingstone starring Spencer Tracy and Cedric Hardwicke premiered at Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Hollywood.
George VI conducted a fleet review of 133 ships at Weymouth Bay.
Italy published a law introducing fines for anyone moving from the country to a city of 25,000 people or more unless they already had work there. Mussolini had recently advised moving out of the cities if possible to avoid potential bombing in event of war.
Dirk Jan de Geer became Prime Minister of the Netherlands.
Citizens of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia were ordered to turn in all arms and explosives to the government. Failure to comply could be punishable by death.
Starting at midnight, half of England went dark for four hours in a test to determine how effectively the country could shroud itself from enemy planes.
Italian Foreign Minister Galeazzo Ciano went to Salzburg to begin three days of talks with his German counterpart Joachim von Ribbentrop. Ciano soon realized that Germany was serious in its willingness to risk starting a general war. This was not welcome news for the Italians, who were unprepared for war and did not think that the Axis powers would fare well if Britain and France came to the aid of Poland.
Count Ciano and Joachim von Ribbentrop rode to the Berghof and met with Adolf Hitler, who confidently asserted that the war against Poland would be "a localized war."
The Anglo-French military mission to the Soviet Union began talks in Moscow.
German submarines U-49 and U-61 were commissioned.
The spy film The Spy in Black premiered in the United Kingdom. When it was released two months later in the United States it was titled U-Boat 29.
Count Ciano returned to Italy convinced that the Germans had already decided on war and that nothing could be done to deter them. "I am certain that even if the Germans were given more than they ask for they would attack just the same, because they are possessed by the demon of destruction", Ciano wrote in his diary.
A Pan American World Airways Sikorsky S-43 made a crash landing at Rio de Janeiro harbor, killing 14 of 16 aboard.
U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt announced that he would proclaim Thanksgiving to be moved up one week from the last Thursday of November (the 30th) to the next-to-last Thursday (the 23rd) this year. The president explained that stores had requested the change to give them extra time to sell merchandise between Thanksgiving and Christmas. Additionally, workers had complained of the long stretch of time between Labor Day and Thanksgiving.
The Jean-Antoine Watteau painting L'Indifferent, stolen from the Louvre on June 12, was reported to have been returned to authorities. The thief, who was himself an artist, explained that he was upset to see that the painting had been badly retouched so he decided to steal it and do some repairs.
Actress Janet Gaynor and costume designer Adrian were married in Yuma, Arizona.
The first night game at Comiskey Park took place. The hometown Chicago White Sox defeated the St. Louis Browns 5-2.
The musical fantasy film The Wizard of Oz had its official premiere at Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Hollywood.
Panama observed a holiday in celebration of the 25th anniversary of the opening of the Panama Canal. The SS Ancon, the first commercial vessel to go through the canal in 1914, repeated its historic voyage as 820 passengers cheered and an army band played.
Indian troops arrived in Egypt to strengthen British forces there.
U-boat commander Karl Dönitz received a coded instruction for his forces to put out to sea at once.
José Félix Estigarribia became President of Paraguay.
A Polish soldier was killed 20 yards inside the Danzig border. Polish sources said he had crossed over by mistake and was shot without receiving any kind of warning beforehand. In retaliation, Polish military guards were given orders to shoot on sight any uniformed German or Danzinger in Polish territory.
The Anglo-French mission arrived in Moscow.
Hitler closed the border with Poland at Upper Silesia.
The semi-official Polish newspaper Kurjer Poranny demanded confiscation of property held by German citizens in Poland in retaliation for the confiscation of property owned by Polish Jews in Germany.
The Reich Interior Ministry ordered all physicians, nurses and midwives to report children under the age of three who showed signs of severe mental or physical disability. This was the first step in the Nazi Germany's child euthanasia programme.
Hitler received a message from his ambassador in Moscow reporting that the Russians were prepared to meet with Joachim von Ribbentrop on August 27 or 28 to negotiate and sign a non-aggression pact. Hitler welcomed the news but wanted the date of von Ribbentrop's visit to be brought forward.
Stalin's alleged speech of 19 August 1939: A secret meeting of the Politburo was allegedly held in which Joseph Stalin outlined the strategy of the Soviet Union in the upcoming war. Stalin supposedly said that the war among the Western powers should go on as long as possible so all belligerents would be weakened, creating an ideal opportunity for Soviet expansion.
Italy barred entry to Jews from Germany, Poland, Hungary and Romania.
Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union shocked the world when a trade pact between the two countries was announced.
The Tientsin Blockade came to an end when the British handed over the accused killers that the Japanese wanted all along. The Japanese would execute the suspects. The handover coincided with a massive flood that submerged the streets and knocked out the city's power.
From the Berghof, Hitler sent a message to Joseph Stalin proposing that von Ribbentrop go to Moscow no later than August 23, "in view of the international situation."
Battles of Khalkhin Gol: Soviet general Georgy Zhukov launched a new attack with over 200 aircraft and as many as 500 tanks.
Hermann Lang of Germany won the Swiss Grand Prix.
Stalin agreed to Hitler's proposal to have von Ribbentrop come to Moscow on August 23. Hitler, who was having dinner with Eva Braun and guests at the time the message arrived, pounded the table and exclaimed, "I have them! I have them!"
The Soviet Union informed the Anglo-French mission that no military pact was possible unless Poland consented to having the Red Army pass through its territory. Since this condition was not acceptable, the negotiations were called off.
Charlie Chaplin delayed production on his new film, tentatively called The Dictators, due to the uncertainty of the situation in Europe.
Hitler gave the Obersalzberg Speech to commanders of the Wehrmacht, detailing the pending invasion of Poland and plans for extermination of the Poles.
Members of British Parliament were summoned back to London for a special session on Thursday.
The song "You Are My Sunshine" was recorded for the first time, by the Pine Ridge Boys for Bluebird Records.
The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact was signed. Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union agreed not to attack each other and to remain neutral if attacked by a third power. Secret clauses in the pact divided up other countries into respective spheres of influence, including a partitioning of Poland.
Carlos Quintanilla became the new President of Bolivia after Germán Busch's suicide.
British racing driver John Cobb set a new land speed record of 369.741 miles per hour at Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah. The record stood until 1947.
The Seventh International Genetical Congress was convened in Edinburgh.
The Parliament of the United Kingdom passed the Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, giving the government broad powers in order to conduct war effectively.
President Roosevelt appealed to King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy "to formulate proposals for a pacific solution of the present crisis."
Pope Pius XII made a radio address to the entire world pleading for peace. "The danger is imminent, but there is yet time", the pontiff said. "Nothing is lost with peace; all may be with war. Let men return to mutual understanding. Let them begin negotiations anew. Conferring with goodwill and with respect for reciprocal rights they will find that to sincere and conscientious negotiators, an honourable solution is never precluded."
Hermann Göring asked Birger Dahlerus to go to London as an unofficial envoy and tell the British to enter negotiations as soon as possible. Over the next several days Dahlerus would shuttle back and forth between London and Berlin relaying "off the record" messages separate from those delivered through official channels.
Germany cut off all telecommunication going beyond its borders.
Hitler notified Benito Mussolini that war with Poland was imminent.
At 12:45 p.m. Hitler summoned the British Ambassador to Germany Sir Nevile Henderson and talked with him for about an hour. Hitler said it was necessary to solve the Polish question once and for all and offered to make a pact with Britain guaranteeing the Empire's existence and potentially leading to an agreement on armaments limitation in the future.
At 3:02 p.m. Hitler gave the order to invade Poland the next day.
Benito Mussolini sent a telegram to Hitler informing him that Italy would remain neutral in a war between Germany and Poland.
At 5:30 p.m. Hitler met the French Ambassador Robert Coulondre, who told Hitler that if Poland was attacked France would come to its aid.
Poland and the United Kingdom signed the Agreement of Mutual Assistance, formalizing Britain's March 31 declaration of support for Poland.
At 6:00 p.m., Joachim von Ribbentrop arrived with the news of the Anglo-Polish treaty. Hitler decided to postpone the invasion of Poland.
Birger Dahlerus arrived in London and relayed the German message to Lord Halifax, who said official channels were open, thanked Dahlerus for his efforts and assured him that his services were no longer needed. Later that evening when Dahlerus telephoned Göring to let him know, Göring was adamant that Dahlerus had to do everything possible to arrange a conference between Britain and Germany.
Jabłonków Incident: A group of German agents attacked a rail station in Mosty overnight, but the attackers were repelled.
Five people were killed and 70 were injured by an IRA bomb explosion in Coventry.
The Louvre was closed to the public (officially for "repair work") so its art treasures could be packed up and transported to secret locations for safekeeping.
The Cvetković–Maček Agreement established the Banovina of Croatia.
The 1939 Nuremberg Rally, scheduled to begin September 2, was postponed indefinitely.
Mussolini sent Hitler another message, this time expressing his desire to have Italy march side-by-side with Germany. Attached to the message was a long list of materials Italy would require to fight a war and needed Germany to provide, a list so long that Mussolini knew there was no way Germany could supply it. When the German officials asked the Italian ambassador when the delivery was expected, he replied "immediately before the beginning of hostilities", leaving no room for negotiation on the matter.
Nevile Henderson flew back to London to relay Hitler's offer to the British government.
Nazi Germany announced rationing for shoes, textiles and certain food items. Every person in the country would require a rationing card in order to make purchases.
Birger Dahlerus met with Lord Halifax a second time and convinced him to write a letter expressing Britain's desire to reach a peaceful settlement. Dahlerus flew back to Berlin and gave the letter to Göring that night, who declared that Hitler must be informed immediately of its contents. Dahlerus accepted Göring's invitation to come to the Chancellory and meet Hitler for the first time, despite the lateness of the hour.
German submarine U-43 was commissioned.
The first televised major league baseball game was broadcast on W2XBS. An estimated 3,000 viewers watched the Brooklyn Dodgers and the Cincinnati Reds split a doubleheader at Ebbets Field.
Hitler was woken up just after midnight and met with Birger Dahlerus and Göring. Dahlerus later recalled Hitler as appearing glassy-eyed and highly agitated, at one point going on a bizarre rambling monologue repetitively asserting that Germany could win a rapid war and that he would "build U-boats, build U-boats, U-boats, U-boats, U-boats" and "airplanes, airplanes, airplanes, and I shall annihilate my enemies." After calming down Hitler laid out a set of proposals more detailed than Nevile Henderson had been given, which included annexation of Danzig and the Polish Corridor. Dahlerus flew back to London, conferred with Halifax and Chamberlain and then flew back to Germany that same day to relay Britain's mixed reaction to the proposals.
The Heinkel He 178, the world's first aircraft to fly under turbojet power, had its first flight in Rostock-Marienehe, Germany. The pilot was Erich Warsitz.
In a famous football match known in Poland as The Last Game, Poland defeated the highly renowned Hungarian team 4-2 in the greatest Polish football victory up to that time.
The Tarnów rail station bomb attack was carried out in southern Poland. A time bomb left by a German agent exploded, killing 20 and wounding 35.
Berliners anticipating more rationing made the greatest run on food stores in decades.
Nevile Henderson flew back to Berlin with his government's official reply. Britain was prepared to take Hitler's proposals as "subjects for discussion" and agreed that there must be settlement of differences between Germany and Poland, but noted that everything turned "upon the nature of the settlement and the method by which it is to be reached." Germany was reminded that "His Majesty's Government have obligations to Poland by which they are bound and which they intend to honour. They could not, for any advantage offered to Great Britain, acquiesce in a settlement which put in jeopardy the independence of a State to whom they have given their guarantee." Britain suggested that the next step "should be the initiation of direct discussions between the German and Polish Governments on a basis which would include the principles stated above, namely, the safeguarding of Poland's essential interests and the securing of the settlement by an international guarantee." The reply concluded with a warning that failure to reach a settlement "would ruin the hopes of better understanding between Germany and Great Britain, would bring the two countries into conflict, and might well plunge the whole world into war. Such an outcome would be a calamity without parallel in history."
Hitler read a German translation of the British government's note and told Henderson he was willing to negotiate, but Poland could not be reasonable. Henderson firmly replied that Hitler would have to choose between war with Poland or friendship with Britain. Hitler said he would prepare a written reply of his own.
The border between Germany and France was closed.
Neville Chamberlain addressed the House of Commons on the international situation and spoke in general terms of the discussions that had been going on with Germany. "The British people are said sometimes to be slow to make up their minds, but, having made them up, they do not readily let go", Chamberlain said in conclusion. "The issue of peace or war is still undecided, and we still will hope, and still will work, for peace; but we will abate no jot of our resolution to hold fast to the line which we have laid down for ourselves."
Jozef Tiso declared martial law in Slovakia. Articles were posted ordering Slovaks to accept German currency and furnish food to the German soldiers "here to protect our young state against the threatening Polish danger."
Peking Plan: Three Polish destroyers departed from Poland and headed to the United Kingdom so they would not be sunk or captured in a German invasion.
Rome conducted two test blackouts (one at 8 p.m. and one at 10 p.m.) lasting a few minutes each.
Hitler's reply to Britain arrived that night. He demanded the return of Danzig and the Polish Corridor and wrote that Germany could "no longer share" Britain's view that "these grave differences can be resolved by way of direct negotiations." Despite this, Hitler wrote, Germany was prepared to enter direct discussions "to give the British Government and the British nation a proof of the sincerity of Germany's intentions to enter into a lasting friendship with Great Britain."
The Polish government ordered a partial mobilization.
Nobuyuki Abe became Prime Minister of Japan.
Nevile Henderson handed Joachim von Ribbentrop the British government's reply at midnight. "His Majesty's Government repeat that they reciprocate the German Government's desire for improved relations, but it will be recognised that they could not sacrifice the interests of other friends in order to obtain that improvement", the note explained. "They fully understand that the German Government cannot sacrifice Germany's vital interests, but the Polish Government are in the same position and His Majesty's Government believe that the vital interests of the two countries are not incompatible." The note expressed "reservation in regard to the statement of the particular demands put forward" by Germany, but said that German proposals would be "fully examined" during discussions.
The Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union ratified the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact.
The Royal Navy was mobilized and Army and Royal Air Force reserves were called up.
At 11:07 a.m., an official order was given in Britain to evacuate civilians from cities and towns that were likely targets for enemy bombing. Most of the evacuees were schoolchildren. Over the next few days nearly 3 million people would be relocated.
At 12:30 p.m., Hitler issued Directive No. 1, ordering an attack on Poland to begin September 1 at 04:45. "Now that all the political possibilities of disposing by peaceful means of a situation on the Eastern Frontier which is intolerable for Germany are exhausted, I have determined on a solution by force", the directive read.
At 6:15 p.m. Joachim von Ribbentrop met with Polish ambassador Józef Lipski, more than five hours after Lipski had requested an audience. Lipski said the Polish government would be making a formal reply about direct negotiations in the next few hours. Ribbentrop asked him if he was empowered to negotiate, and when Lipski replied that for the time being he was not, Ribbentrop dismissed him. Lipski returned to the embassy and found that his telephone line had been cut.
Gleiwitz incident: In a false flag operation, Nazis posing as Poles seized the Gleiwitz radio station and broadcast an anti-German message in Polish.
At 9:00 p.m. German radio interrupted regular programming to present the government's 16-point proposal for Poland. The demand for the restoration of Danzig to the Reich was maintained, but the question of the Polish Corridor was now to be settled by a plebiscite. Warsaw never heard the proposal because communications between the two countries were cut off.
The first issue of Marvel Comics (cover date October) was published by Timely Comics, the predecessor of the Marvel Comics publisher of today. Issue #1 included the first appearances of the characters Sub-Mariner and the Human Torch.
The comedy-drama film The Women starring Norma Shearer, Joan Crawford and Rosalind Russell premiered at Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Hollywood.
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^ "Congress Ends Hectic Session After Voting Deficiency Bill; Security Change Sent to F. D.". Brooklyn Eagle. August 6, 1939. p. 1.
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^ "Poland Warns Force Will Be Met By Force". Chicago Daily Tribune. August 7, 1939. p. 1.
^ a b c d e "The Avalon Project: Nuremberg Trial Proceedings, Eighty-Fifth Day". Yale Law School. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
^ "British Planes Repulse Raiders in Defense Test". Chicago Daily Tribune. August 9, 1939. p. 8.
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^ "Naval Events, August 1939". Naval History Homepage. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
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^ "Czechs Ordered to Give Up All Arms to Nazis". Chicago Daily Tribune. August 11, 1939. p. 4.
^ "Darkness Veils Half of England in Air Raid Test". Chicago Daily Tribune. August 11, 1939. p. 4.
^ a b Craig, Gordon Alexander (1981). The Diplomats, 1919–1939. Princeton University Press. pp. 531–533. ISBN 978-0-691-03660-1.
^ a b Weinberg, Gerhard L. (1995). Germany, Hitler, and World War II: Essays in Modern German and World History. Cambridge University Press. p. 127. ISBN 978-0-521-56626-1.
^ Schultz, Sigrid (August 13, 1939). "Ciano Glum as He Quits Hitler Talk on Danzig". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
^ Orr, Peter David (2005). Peace at Daggers Drawn. PublishAmerica. p. 140. ISBN 978-1-4137-4829-1.
^ a b Chronology and Index of the Second World War, 1938–1945. Research Publications. 1990. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-88736-568-3.
^ "August 13, 1939". PlaneCrashInfo. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
^ "Thanksgiving is Moved Up Week by Roosevelt". Chicago Daily Tribune. August 15, 1939. p. 1.
^ "Young Artist Took Louvre Painting Just to 'Fix It Up'". Brooklyn Eagle. August 14, 1939. p. 1.
^ "Janet Gaynor, Film Star, Becomes Bride of Fashion Designer". Chicago Daily Tribune. August 15, 1939. p. 1.
^ Smith, Curt. "Comiskey Park (Chicago)". SABR Baseball Biography Project. Society for American Baseball Research. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
^ Schechter, Scott (2006). Judy Garland: The Day-by-day Chronicle of a Legend. Lanham, Maryland: Taylor Trade Publishing. p. 59. ISBN 978-1-58979-300-2.
^ Brennan, Peter (August 16, 1939). "Mark 25th Year of Canal's Life with a Holiday". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 14.
^ a b c Budiansky, Stephen (2013). Blackett's War: The Men Who Defeated the Nazi U-Boats and Brought Science to the Art of Warfare. Alfred A. Knopf. pp. 91–92. ISBN 978-0-307-59596-6.
^ Small, Alex (August 17, 1939). "Poland Orders Guards; Shoot Nazis on Sight". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 9.
^ a b Khanna, V.N. (1996). International Relations, Fourth Revised Edition. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House. p. 192. ISBN 978-81-259-1616-1.
^ a b Mercer, Derrik, ed. (1989). Chronicle of the 20th Century. London: Chronicle Communications Ltd. p. 514. ISBN 978-0-582-03919-3.
^ "Polish Paper Demands Seizure of German Property in Retaliation for Reich Confiscations". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. August 18, 1939. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
^ "Euthanasia Program". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
^ a b c d Charman, Terry (2010). The Day We Went to War. Virgin Books. pp. 47–48. ISBN 978-0-7535-3778-7.
^ Garbarini, Alexandra (2011). Jewish Responses to Persecution: Volume II, 1938–1940. Lanham, Maryland: AltaMira Press. p. 550. ISBN 978-0-7591-2039-6.
^ a b c d e "Chronology 1939". indiana.edu. 2002. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
^ a b c d "1939". MusicAndHistory. Archived from the original on June 5, 2014. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
^ "Tientsin Region Swept By Worst Flood in History". Chicago Daily Tribune. August 21, 1939. p. 5.
^ Kennedy, David M., ed. (2007). The Library of Congress World War II Companion. Simon & Schuster. p. 420. ISBN 978-1-4165-5306-9.
^ Darrah, David (August 23, 1939). "Britain Calls Parliament to Pass 'War' Laws". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
^ Martin, J.A.; Saal, Thomas F. (2004). American Auto Racing: The Milestones and Personalities of a Century of Speed. McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-7864-8389-1.
^ Crew, F. A. E. (16 September 1939). "Seventh International Genetical Congress". Nature. 144: 496–498.
^ "F.D.R. Appeals to Italy". Brooklyn Eagle. August 24, 1939. p. 1.
^ "Radiomessaggio di Sua Santità Pio XII Rivolta ai Governanti ed ai Popoli". Vatican.va. Archived from the original on December 21, 2015. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
^ "The Avalon Project: The British War Bluebook – The Appeal". Yale Law School. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
^ a b c Waller, John H. (1996). The Unseen War in Europe: Espionage and Conspiracy in the Second World War. I.B. Tauris & Co. pp. 78–80. ISBN 978-1-86064-092-6.
^ Taylor, A.J.P. (2005). Origins of the Second World War. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 271. ISBN 978-0-684-82947-0.
^ a b c d e Overy, Richard (2010). 1939: Countdown to War. Penguin. ISBN 978-1-101-50041-5.
^ a b c "Mr. Chamberlain and Herr Hitler". The Northern Argus. Clare, South Australia. October 13, 1939. p. 8.
^ a b "Tageseinträge für 25. August 1939". chroniknet. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
^ Munholland, John Kim. "August–September 1939." If the Allies Had Fallen: Sixty Alternate Scenarios of World War II. Ed. Dennis E. Showalter & Harold Deutsch. Skyhorse Publishing, 2010. p. 21–22. ISBN 978-1-61608-027-3.
^ Scott, Jenny (August 25, 2014). "Coventry IRA bombing: The 'forgotten' attack on a British city". BBC. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
^ Poirier, Agnès (November 22, 2014). "Saviour of France's art: how the Mona Lisa was spirited away from the Nazis". The Guardian. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
^ Schultz, Sigrid (August 27, 1939). "Fuehrer Calls off Big Rally of His Party". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
^ Sarfatti, Margherita (2014). Sullivan, Brian R. (ed.). My Fault: Mussolini As I Knew Him. New York: Enigma Books. p. 301. ISBN 978-1-936274-40-6.
^ Darrah, David (August 27, 1939). "Envoy Will Fly to Berlin with New Proposals". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
^ Schultz, Sigrid (August 28, 1939). "Ration Coupons Distributed to Berlin Citizens". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 4.
^ "1939: First Major League Baseball Game Airs On TV". NPR. August 26, 2009. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
^ a b c Shirer, William L. (2011). The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 571, 588–589. ISBN 978-1-4516-5168-3.
^ "He 178". World War II Database. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
^ "German Ration Orders Limit Women's Gowns". Chicago Daily Tribune. August 29, 1939. p. 1.
^ "British Reject Nazi But Leave Door Open". Brooklyn Eagle. August 28, 1939. p. 1.
^ "The Avalon Project: The British War Bluebook – Sir N. Henderson to Viscount Halifax". Yale Law School. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
^ "Tageseinträge für 28. August 1939". chroniknet. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
^ "International Situation". Hansard. August 29, 1939. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
^ "German Forces Impose Martial Law in Slovakia". Chicago Daily Tribune. August 29, 1939. p. 1.
^ Noderer, E.R. (August 30, 1939). "Rome Blacked Out in Test of Air Defenses". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
^ Schultz, Sigrid (August 30, 1939). "Fuehrer Stands Pat; Believes Demands Will Be Rejected". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
^ "The Avalon Project: The British War Bluebook – Reply of His Majesty's Government to the German Chancellor's Communication of August 29, 1939". Yale Law School. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
^ Prest, David (February 17, 2011). "Evacuees in World War II – the True Story". BBC. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
^ Patterson, Archibald L. (2010). Between Hitler and Stalin: The Quick Life and Secret Death of Edward Smigly-Rydz, Marshal of Poland. Dog Ear Publishing. p. 140. ISBN 978-1-60844-563-9.
^ "The Avalon Project: The British War Bluebook – Message Which Was Communicated to H.M. Ambassador in Berlin by the State Secretary on August 31, 1939, at 9:15 p. m." Yale Law School. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
^ Martin, Robert Stanley (May 24, 2015). "Comics By the Date: March 1906 to December 1939". The Hooded Utilitarian. Archived from the original on November 20, 2015. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
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How many times have you heard the saying that “everything is possible”? It’s bandied around freely, and people think it’s a nice platitude, but not really true. But is it? As long as something is conceivable within the reality of this universe, is it actually possible?
Obviously, if you think it’s not possible, then it is. Assuming that something is impossible makes it so, because you will not struggle past the obstacles that seem to make it so. Your creativity will shut off, you won’t waste your time planning to achieve something deemed impossible, and you won’t commit resources or effort toward fruitless results.
But what if you think, or at least hope, that something is possible? Here are the things I think are required to make “everything is possible” come true. Be warned though—it’s not easy.
The first thing you need is some imagination.
Role playing games (RPGs) combine imagination and possibilities in an interactive and engaging way. Where else could you be a wizard, a vampire, a cyborg, a mutant, or a soldier of fortune traveling from one exhilarating adventure to another, across the seven continents, under the sea, throughout outer space, back in time, in the future, or in alternate universes? RPGs have largely become a computer-based experience now, with games both on disc and across the Internet. Some computer games offer a very interactive experience, but many fall short (related article: Inside the Minds of Gaming’s Master Storytellers). Maybe I was spoiled by my earlier experiences, but most computer-based games don’t hold my attention for very long.
When I was a freshman in high school, a good friend of mine, Greg, would lead a group of friends, including me, on wild adventures during lunchtime. We wandered the hallways or sat in out-of-the-way corners eating and avoiding bullying upper classmen (the bane of most freshmen’s existence). At least, that’s what our bodies were doing. Meanwhile, our minds would be off on thrilling adventures, fighting zombies, dragons, and other mythical creatures. We didn’t use computers or even dice. Greg would imagine situations and describe them to us. We would improvise based on whatever he threw at us, coming up with plans to dispatch the evil creatures, capture the treasure, and win the hearts of rescued maidens. There was no place we couldn’t visit through Greg’s and out collective imaginations, and nothing we couldn’t do (unless Greg told us we weren’t allowed to do it within the storyline).
During my college years, I regularly ran RPG campaigns for groups of friends, mostly Cyberpunk 2020 (defined) and Paranoia (defined). I occasionally played AD&D and other games that my friends ran. These were more structured games with rule books, dice to determine outcomes, and sometimes pre-scripted adventures. However, the freedom to dream up new adventures, act as a character in a fantastical world, and do things a good law-abiding citizen would never do (like blow up the headquarters of an evil major corporation) still made them a lot of fun for everyone who played.
Imagination should not always stay locked up inside the head though.
I loved the experiences of visiting the desert planet Tatooine, the forest moon of Endor, and the capital of the Empire in the Star Wars movies. I enjoyed flying through the night sky on the bicycle with E.T. and Elliott. I was amazed at the underwater worlds of The Abyss and 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea. My heart tugged when WALL-E offered EVE his the little green plan. These worlds were brought to life through the imagination and skills of writers, directors, editors, actors, animators, special effects crew, and countless others. By bringing dreams to the screen, there is no place we cannot visit, no person we cannot be, and nothing we cannot do.
Most big ideas need commitment from others to become a reality. Unless you fully believe in something, it is nearly impossible to convince others to believe in it. With belief, you can weather the doubts, scorn, and ridicule you are likely to face attempting to turn your dream into a reality. You have to believe in your dream first before anyone else will.
Without belief in your vision, you will likely lose your resolve as soon as you face resistance. It takes belief to give your dream a solid foundation that will withstand the forces trying to sway you into giving up on your dream. You have to know in your heart that your vision is important, maybe even that lives will be improved and the world will be a better place because of it. Whether it is inventing a new fastener like a zipper, or sending a man to the moon, there are going to be obstacles, and the more stubbornly you believe in it, the more likely you are to overcome them.
Planning is vitally important to the success of achieving a goal.
Something almost magical happens when you take an idea and put it in written form. Sometimes it helps you spot problems you never envisioned. Other times, it helps you see how to get around obstacles blocking your progress. It almost always strengthens belief in and resolve toward reaching achievable goals.
By this stage, your vision should be achievable. You just have to follow the plan, making changes to the plan as necessary.
I tell this story to illustrate the truth of the statement I heard long ago in the Army: Plans are worthless, but planning is everything. There is a very great distinction because when you are planning for an emergency you must start with this one thing: the very definition of ’emergency’ is that it is unexpected, therefore it is not going to happen the way you are planning.
Planning is, of course, critical to the next step in the process: obtaining needed resources. Without a solid plan, most people are going to be highly skeptical of your idea. Your plans, whether drawn on the back of a napkin or printed on glossy paper and bound professionally, are the only thing other people will be able to judge your vision by until it becomes reality.
Don’t get bogged down in the planning stage, however. Plans always have to be changed as the situation changes. Planning is a constant process, not something to complete once and move on.
It takes more than a believable vision to create new things, inspire new ways, and open new doors. You also need resources, whether that means investments of money or time, real estate, scientific research, or other tangible or intangible assets. Walt Disney said, “I could never convince the financiers that Disneyland was feasible, because dreams offer too little collateral.” In the case of a moonwalk, there’s no escaping the fact that money and a lot of people are going to be required to achieve such a lofty dream.
Accidental discoveries aside, most of the important things occurring in history have come about only after enough people invested in the idea. Columbus did not discover the New World without first petitioning several leaders of the Old World for funding and supplies. Michelangelo did not create his masterpieces without receiving support from his patrons. Leonardo da Vinci, Thomas Edison, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, and George Washington Carver did not turn their ideas into results without investing time and money into prototypes and failed experiments.
It can be argued that this is the way it should be, though. The more likely something is to make a difference in life, the more important it is to be vetted by many people. Obtaining necessary resources is one way of measuring an idea’s worthiness and timeliness to be implemented. An idea backed with strong belief that cannot obtain the necessary resources is usually an idea that is so revolutionary that it is ahead of its time, so poorly conceived that it shouldn’t happen without more thought, or just not interesting to enough other people.
Even the simplest ideas usually need time and effort to become reality. People who believe that “not everything is possible”, probably ignore this fact or don’t realize it.
Nike’s slogan, “Just Do It”, is probably the second most important requirement other than the initial idea. Unless your plan relies exclusively upon Chaos Theory randomly bringing about all the elements needed to reach your goals, you are going to have to roll up your sleeves and eventually get to work on your project.
The self-help and motivational expert, Anthony Robbins (about) says “A real decision is measured by the fact that you’ve taken a new action. If there’s no action, you haven’t truly decided.” Further, he believes that “action is the foundational key to all success.” Think about it. If you never take action on your dreams, then they are nothing more than good ideas waiting to happen. Since nobody else is likely to pick up your ideas and do something with them, it is up to you. Of course, truly great ideas are usually dreamed of by many people, and eventually someone else might follow through. How will you feel when your great idea suddenly becomes someone else’s great idea.
Probably the two most common reasons people don’t act is because of inertia and fear of failure.
Inertia is a big problem for many people. Change is often uncomfortable or even painful. If your vision requires some type of change—a change in your schedule, your finances, your friends’ perceptions of you, etc.—then you are likely to avoid the likely discomfort of those changes. Until your belief in the value of your idea is greater than the perceived discomfort of change, or until your current situation becomes more unbearable than changing things, you are unlikely to take the action necessary to carry out your vision.
Let’s face it, it is intimidating to try something new and unproven. There is always a risk that you might not get it right and you will fail. Robbins states, “You might say, what if I screw up? Then screw up big! Go for it! Do a big screwup!” One of my junior high school band teacher’s favorite expressions was, “If you’re going to make a mistake, make it a funky one.” Every mistake leads you closer to success. Thomas Edison remarked, “Many of life’s failures are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up.” Don’t look at failures as bad things, but milestones on the route to success.
Unless your vision is something that is a one-shot-only deal, you are probably going to need to make several attempts to achieve it. Usually your plan will show that there are several steps that have to be taken to meet your goal, and often those steps will have to be repeated.
Practice is making mistakes, learning from them, and trying again. Practice is finally doing it right, and then trying to do it right again. And then again. Doing something enough times that you can achieve or exceed your goal every time you attempt it.
Michael Phelps (about) did not become the greatest Olympic athlete ever by hopping into the swimming pool one morning and winning a race. It involved countless mornings, afternoons, and evenings practicing. He swam until his muscles ached, and then he swam farther. He lifted weights and did other activities that supported his body to meet his goals.
Steve Jobs backed many companies, and lost a lot of money, while seeking to repeat his success with Apple Computers. He eventually found his success in Pixar, but without those other attempts, it is unlikely that Pixar would be where it is today, and certainly Jobs wouldn’t be where he is.
As long as you aren’t trying to do something impossible according to the natural laws that govern this universe, everything is possible. But that is a major oversimplification.
First, it takes imagination to come up with the idea. Next, it takes belief to turn inspiration into vision—something is achievable. Planning is the next step, because without a plan you will only make it to your goal by happenstance, and you might not even realize it once you arrive! Planning is also key for the next step, which is obtaining and committing resources to implementation of your vision. The fifth step, but one of the most critical, is to take action; without action, nothing is possible. The final step is practice. It’s highly unlikely you will achieve your goal on the first attempt. Through practice and repeated attempts, you will gradually move closer to your goal, until you finally make it there.
What about luck and good timing? Purely random circumstances can sometimes help you along, but if your idea is important and you believe in it, why risk it to happenstance? Successful people make their own luck and create their own circumstances in life. If you do the same, and you follow these steps, I don’t think there is anything that you cannot accomplish!
Dream it! Believe it! Plan it! Commit to it! Do it! Practice it! Enjoy it!
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I create concept models in order to provide a high-level view of an initial idea. The models usually take the form of flowcharts or diagrams that show the interrelatedness of all project components. I may also create a sequence of screen sketches or a storyboard to fill in pivotal details.
Several documents may be involved in any given software development process. I often draft concept documents in order to present an idea to a potential funder. These papers include an overview of the project concept, possibly a diagram or flowchart showing how the separate components are connected, and usually several screen shots to suggest an overall "look and feel." I draft design documents to flesh out project components, features and navigation, and I draft functional specifications to fill in details such as feature parameters and user experience.
Every software development process benefits from prototyping in one form or another. In the early stages, I find that showing pencil sketches to a small group of potential users often saves significant time and effort down the road. During the design phase, creating rapid prototypes can help to determine whether a suggested feature or interface will work in practice. Toward completion, I may build a highly functional and graphically sophisticated prototypes for both usability testing and marketing purposes.
Usability testing involves showing project ideas to potential users and incorporating their feedback into the design. Depending on the stage of the project, this process may use materials ranging from simple pencil sketches to more functional prototypes. Regardless of method, in order to get the most useful results testers must allow users to manipulate the materials themselves, and they must collect valid feedback. It is then up to the design team to determine whether and how to integrate that feedback while considering time and budget constraints.
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Can Listening to Music Actually Help You Concentrate?
Are you the kind of person who enjoys listening to music when carrying out certain tasks - for instance, while studying for an exam, driving a car, or reading a book? A common belief shared by many is that listening to background music helps improve focus, blocks out distractions, and even makes a tedious task more enjoyable. Yet despite the prevalence of music in our daily lives, little is known about how this soundtrack affects brain function.
Participants also completed the same tasks while listening to no music.
The results? It turns out memory performance was best while listening to low arousal, negative music, and worst for high arousal negative music. However, compared to silence, background music had either no effect for some participants or significantly impeded memory performance. It turns out some people use the same mental processes that are required to remember things to also process music, which means that a percentage of the brain regions responsible for memory - regions you need to focus on the task at hand - are actually being re-allocated to processing background noise.
So the next time you need to focus on studying for that big biology exam, you might want to put the headphones away and opt for a nice, quiet corner instead!
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In my second video with Larry Cook, a health author and video producer, I speak about how to eat a healthy vegan diet. The following is opinion and based on personal research - I am not a doctor or nutritionist, so please read my health disclaimer before taking my advice.
I have experimented with many ways of eating as a vegan. When I first adopted the plant-based diet I was really into frozen and refrigerated meat and dairy alternatives because they tasted similar to the foods I was eating before. I ate this way for years, enjoying all sorts of fake-this and fake-that. While I appreciate the options and think they're great for transitioning, when I stepped back and thought about it I realized that they are indeed fake food - in other words highly processed, rarely organic, and not incredibly nutritious.
In my opinion, eating a whole foods plant-based diet is the healthiest route to take as a vegan, and this can mean different things to different people. Some thrive on raw foods, others on mainly fruit, others on the macrobiotic diet, and others skip out on things like gluten, soy, oil, and sweeteners. In fact, some argue that they need to eat meat and/or dairy. While it doesn't seem like there's a perfect diet for everyone, most nutritionists agree that eating mainly unprocessed fruits, vegetables, grains, nuts, and seeds is very healthy.
I also think it's very important to eat organic and local foods whenever possible, for health and environmental reasons. This food is usually free of chemicals and are fresher, and less transportation is involved when it's local. If you buy mainly from the produce and bulk sections you're reducing packaging from your kitchen, which is another eco bonus. This lifestyle encourages you to learn how to cook, which gives you more control of what you put into your food, such as smaller amounts of oil, salt, and sweeteners.
Ultimately, your ideal diet comes down to eating what makes you feel the best. I encourage you to experiment - try going entirely gluten-free, soy-free, sugar-oil, and/or raw for a few weeks and see if it makes a difference. You don't have to do it all at once - try taking processed foods out one by one and work your way up. And it's all about moderation. While my diet consists of mainly organic, local, unprocessed whole foods, I do enjoy the occasional piece of mock meat, slice of Daiya topped pizza, cup of soy latte, or plate of greasy take-out food. I value all the companies who make delicious vegan products, but their place in my life is as an occasional treat.
Check out my first video with Larry on How To Feel Healthier and Look Better and visit his website to learn more about him and his health book.
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Complete the sentences with the present simple or continuous.
1. We (have) a party next Saturday. Would you like to come?
2. I (not go) away for my holidays next month because I have not got enough money.
3. The concert (start) at 7.30 this evening.
4. George, is it true that you (get) married next week?
6. Do you know at what time the next train (leave) ?
7. Ann, we (go) to town ; are you coming with us?
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Buddhism is a religion and dharma that encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs and spiritual practices largely based on teachings attributed to the Buddha. Buddhism originated in Ancient India sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE, from where it spread through much of Asia, whereafter it declined in India during the Middle Ages.Two major extant branches of Buddhism are generally recognized by scholars: Theravada (Pali: "The School of the Elders") and Mahayana (Sanskrit: "The Great Vehicle").
Buddhism is the world's fourth-largest religion, with over 520 million followers or over 7% of the global population, known as Buddhists. Buddhist schools vary on the exact nature of the path to liberation, the importance and canonicity of various teachings and scriptures, and especially their respective practices.Practices of Buddhism include taking refuge in the Buddha, the Dharma and the Sangha, study of scriptures, observance of moral precepts, renunciation of craving and attachment, the practice of meditation (including calm and insight), the cultivation of wisdom, loving-kindness and compassion, the Mahayana practice of bodhicitta and the Vajrayana practices of generation stage and completion stage.
In Theravada the ultimate goal is the cessation of the kleshas and the attainment of the sublime state of Nirvana, achieved by practicing the Noble Eightfold Path (also known as the Middle Way), thus escaping what is seen as a cycle of suffering and rebirth. Theravada has a widespread following in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. Mahayana, which includes the traditions of Pure Land, Zen, Nichiren Buddhism, Shingon and Tiantai (Tendai), is found throughout East Asia.
Rather than Nirvana, Mahayana instead aspires to Buddhahood via the bodhisattva path, a state wherein one remains in the cycle of rebirth to help other beings reach awakening.Vajrayana, a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas, may be viewed as a third branch or merely a part of Mahayana.
Tibetan Buddhism, which preserves the Vajrayana teachings of eighth century India, is practiced in regions surrounding the Himalayas, Mongolia and Kalmykia. Tibetan Buddhism aspires to Buddhahood or rainbow body.
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Modern tools let users interact with and visualize data in new ways, but it's only the beginning of what's to come, writes Ethan Jewett.
Data transformation and preparation, data visualization, and business intelligence (BI) software are going through something of a sea change at the moment, even if it sometimes seems nothing much has changed in the last 15 years.
The change overtaking the industry appears to be in its early days, but is driven by persistent problems with IT agility, data quality and the lack of transparency in the systems that manage and display data. We are clearly moving in the direction of faster and more visual interaction with data, but at the moment we are only scratching the surface with regards to understanding and interacting with data, the implications for business, and resulting changes in how we structure our information systems.. I'll outline what has been changing, what we can expect to mature in the next couple of years and extrapolate on where we might be going next.
In current standard software products, data transformation operations like combining, filtering and fixing data are strictly separate from data visualization and analysis functions. Transforming or changing data is a task usually reserved for technical people and accomplished, process-oriented tools like SAP's Data Services and Business Warehouse (BW) and standard computer programming languages like Java or Python.
Figure 1: A data transformation process as displayed visually in most process-based tools. The user can't see either the data or the result of the join and lookup transformation on the data; only the flow of the process is visible.
The output of transformation tools (usually fairly static database tables) is the input for separate data analysis and visualization. Most tools, like SAP's Crystal Reports, allow users to run prepared queries to illustrate a single aggregated slice of the database. More advanced data analysis tools allow the user to navigate with some flexibility within the bounds of the pre-existing data set. Usually these more flexible tools appear as analytic tools (SAP's Analysis for Office or Design Studio dashboards), though there is no reason why these types of flexible but constrained analyses might not be useful within business process contexts.
Some existing tools, usually billed as "self-service BI" or "data exploration," incorporate basic data preparation capabilities, usually using a process- or programming-based view of the data preparation stage. Tableau Software and QlikView were two pioneers of this approach, providing fairly advanced data visualization capabilities on a platform where the user was responsible for all data loading and preparation tasks. SAP's Lumira product follows in these footsteps, providing users a way to load new data, connect to existing data sets or join some combination of data sets, then visualize the data.
However, the strict separation of the visualization or analysis process from data transformation is a nagging weakness of all these existing tools. When do people realize there is a problem with data that needs to be resolved? When they are visualizing it or running analytic functions on it. So why not allow a user to fix the problem then and there?
A different approach to data transformation more closely aligned to the actual structure of the data is emerging as a popular alternative. It dispenses with the process-oriented approach to data transformation, in preference for one more closely aligned with the internal structure of the data being processed. That approach is to display even very large data sets as spreadsheets and provide the user with data transformation options that are mapped onto the spreadsheet paradigm. This is not a new approach, but the cohort of tools (Open Refine, Data Wrangler, IBM's BigSheets) developed around 2010 to 2012, were the first of this type of tool to gain widespread adoption.
The idea is that the spreadsheet or table is a pretty direct visual representation of the raw structure of many standard data formats. Showing a database table in a tabular format makes its structure and a small amount of the data in the table explicit. Given the proper tools, that structure and data can be manipulated in a way that is immediately visible in the spreadsheet view, and which can be mapped back on to the original data set.
Figure 4: The ideal tool will allow flexible, user-driven visualization of data and simultaneously allow changes to the underlying data through manipulation of the visual elements.
It appears that spreadsheet-driven data transformation has legs, getting good uptake in the form of OpenRefine, and receiving significant attention in upcoming products like Trifacta and Spark Cloud, the latter of which uses related concepts around tabular representations of data. This approach begins to address the severe lack of analytic and visualization tools integrated into the data transformation process, giving the people processing data the tools to assess and understand data as they change it. However, deep analytics and specialized visualization tools remain separate.
The current trend is to make data transformation a more visual experience, making the results of data transformations on the data set itself more explicit and immediate. But, the job of extracting meaning from data is still left to more specialized interfaces, usually operating on aggregated slices of the full data set, and often featuring visual abstractions like charts and graphs.
However, there is a tension implicit in this arrangement: As stated already, understanding data and extracting meaning from it is an integral part of the process of transforming data. One can't really know how to transform a data set without understanding it, and it is usually in the process of extracting meaning from data that we find problems with the data that needs to be fixed, or realize that the data is incomplete for our purposes and has to be augmented with another data set. In other words, the process of visualization is exactly the point at which we want to be able to change the underlying data, but our tools prohibit us from doing this.
I expect that over the next five to 10 years, we will begin to see this tension addressed in earnest, with more products allowing editing or augmentation of data through the visualization interface.
It is currently an active area of research, including in the Palladio research project, on which -- full disclosure -- I work as lead developer.
In some sense, the products based on the spreadsheet paradigm are one of the first mass-market implementations of this approach. Most likely, these products and others like them will continue to improve their visualization capabilities which maintaining the ability to change data through these visualizations. If visualization-focused vendors are paying attention, they will also start to incorporate data manipulation capabilities into their visualization tools. It will be interesting to see who manages to address this gap most quickly and comprehensively.
Sperry's MAPPER (now called BIS) did this in around 1980.
Yes, and didn't the implementation of Sarbanes-Oxley internal control documentation and testing lead to deterrning the usage of these tools?
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Most of us are already aware that buying from small producers, rather than the huge industrial manufacturers is a good thing, but can you guess the top 5 reasons as to exactly what that is?
1. Authenticity and Quality: Nothing compares.
Be original, and stand out!
Small producers have the chance to let their creativity flow, and as a result consumers get unique products with character. Small scale manufacturing techniques can use ancient methods of production that guarantee the products will be long-lasting, and that special attention has been put into every detail.
2. Helping others: Small producers empower many in developing nations.
Did you also know that there are parts of the world in which people live under $1/day? Buying fair trade products helps suppors local businesses and it enables small producers to be able to reach foreign markets and make a fair livelihood.
This method has been able to improve living conditions for people who were formerly living under $1/day, and enabled them to use their craftsmanship to become entrepreneurs and support their families and communities.
3. Environmental sustainability: Small producers are considerate of the planet and your health.
Fair trade goods are usually produced in local shops in developing nations, and the manufacturing methods are usually more indigenous, and use little to no chemicals.
Fair trade associated businesses also abide to a set of regulations deemed to protect the environment and the local lifestyle. Jump on the health wagon, and put your money to good use for yourself and others.
4. Social justice: Mass production dangers include child labour, and hazardous work conditions.
Mass produced goods are manufactured in factories in developing nations, these establishments are known for violating many laws, and constantly hire children and pay them unfair wages.
Additionally, these factories don’t abide to any regulatory practices and often risk the lives of their workers by exposing them to harmful substances and not providing the necessary safety mechanisms. Many big international brands are known for abusing their workers in factories and developing nations, while facing little to none penalties.
5. Pollution: Mass manufacturer’s greatest contribution.
Did you know that in 2006 it was determined that between 17 and 36 percent of air pollutants in China were related to the production of export goods?
Most mass producers have outsourced to China and other developing nations in Asia and Latin America, but it has also been proven that highly harmful pollutants, like black carbon, can travel huge distances through ocean currents and global winds known as “westerlies,” and are able to reach the US, Asia and Europe.
These kind of pollutants are directly linked to cancer, emphysema, and heart and lung diseases. You can help make a difference by not buying those products!
If you are interested in supporting small manufacturers, check out the Mixy Fandino online jewellery store – Colombian fair trade jewellery of the highest quality.
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0.977854 |
London, May 10 (Reuters) Following are some of the major events to have occurred on May 11 since 1900: 1931 - The failure of Credit-Anstalt, Austria's largest bank, marked the start of Central Europe's financial collapse.
1943 - U S amphibious forces landed on Attu in the Aleutians, the first American territory to be recaptured from the Japanese.
1949 - Siam changed its name to Thailand.
1949 - Israel admitted to the United Nations.
1968 - The French government bowed to student demands and announced concessions in an effort to end over a week of street fighting in Paris.
1981 - Bob Marley, Jamaican-born singer who with his group The Wailers popularised reggae, died of cancer.
1985 - Fifty-six people died and more than 200 were injured when fire engulfed the main stand at Bradford City football ground in northern England.
1987 - The Indian government imposed direct rule on Punjab because of the terror campaign being waged by Sikh extremists.
1988 - Harold ''Kim'' Philby, British intelligence officer and journalist, died. He was the ''third man'' who enabled fellow Soviet spies Guy Burgess and Donald Maclean to escape to Russia in 1951.
1994 - Deir Al-Balah became the first Gaza town to come under Palestinian self-rule.
1996 - A ValuJet Airlines DC-9 crashed in the swampy Everglades near Miami International Airport, killing 110.
1996 - Nnamdi Azikiwe, Nigeria's first president, died.
President from 1963, he helped to end the Biafran civil war.
1997 - Garry Kasparov was defeated at chess by the IBM supercomputer Deep Blue -- the first time a machine had triumphed over a reigning world champion.
1998 - The first euro coin to be minted came off the presses in France.
1998 - India conducted three underground nuclear tests.
2000 - India welcomed its billionth citizen when a baby girl was born at Delhi's state-run Safdarjang Hospital.
2002 - A U N summit on children concluded with the adoption of a final document marked by a conservative U S stamp on matters of adolescent sexuality but with representatives from 180 countries agreeing on 21 new goals in health and education.
2002 - Joe ''Joe Bananas'' Bonanno, a founding member of the American Mafia who was never indicted during the decades he headed one of the ''five families'' of organized crime, died. He was 97.
2003 - Noel Redding, bass player, died. Redding along with drummer Mitch Mitchell, backed Jimi Hendrix on the 1967 debut album ''Are You Experienced'', an instant classic which introduced Hendrix as a singer, composer and above all virtuoso of the electric guitar.
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0.935967 |
PHOENIX (AP) -- When Joe Arpaio, the tough-talking Arizona law enforcement official, found himself in the awkward position of having his own words used against him in a discrimination lawsuit, the usually brash sheriff was unusually quiet.
The Maricopa County sheriff, testifying in the lawsuit accusing his office of racially profiling Hispanics, spoke in a hush. He said he was suffering from the flu.
Quietly, and clearing his throat often, Arpaio sought to clarify his own public statements that are being used in a lawsuit to prove prejudiced thinking and claims of systematic racial profiling. If lawyers for a group of Latinos win, Arpaio's office would have to make policy changes, though he won't face any jail time or fines.
If the sheriff wins, then the U.S. government would have a harder time proving similar claims in a separate Justice Department lawsuit against him.
The case represents the first time the sheriff's office has been accused of systematic racial profiling. It will serve as a precursor to the federal government's civil rights lawsuit, which is much broader.
The plaintiffs, a group of Latinos, say they were discriminated against during sweeps to flush out criminals and illegal immigrants in Maricopa County, which includes the metropolitan Phoenix area. During such sweeps, sheriff's deputies flood an area of a city _ in some cases, heavily Latino areas _ over several days to seek out traffic violators and arrest other offenders.
The group accused Arpaio of launching some sweeps based on emails and letters from residents who complained that ``dark-skinned people'' were congregating in a given area or speaking Spanish. The group says deputies in the sweeps pulled over Hispanics without probable cause, making the stops only to inquire about the immigration status of the people in the vehicles.
The sheriff has said that people are stopped only if authorities have probable cause to believe they have committed crimes and that deputies later find many are illegal immigrants.
Arpaio's office maintained that illegal immigrants accounted for 57 percent of the 1,500 people arrested in the 20 sweeps conducted since January 2008, according to figures provided by the sheriff's department, which hasn't conducted any such patrols since October.
``That's the context on how I used that word,'' he said.
Arpaio responded that he doesn't consider the comparison an honor, adding that he has no use for the KKK.
Attorneys also turned to Arpaio's practice of putting county jail inmates in pink underwear, recalling his statements to an anti-illegal immigration group in Houston in 2009.
He said his official reason _ ``so I can win the lawsuits'' _ was that the color made the underwear less likely to be smuggled out of jail and sold on the black market.
Letters in the sheriff's immigration file also took center stage during his more than five hours of testimony. Plaintiffs' lawyers say Arpaio endorsed calls for racial profiling by passing along ambiguous and racially charged complaints to aides who planned the sweeps and carried out at least three patrols after receiving the letters.
They point out that Arpaio wrote thank-you notes to some who sent complaints.
Arpaio's attorneys denied that the letters and emails prompted patrols with a discriminatory motive.
His lawyers called the complaints racially insensitive and said aides _ not Arpaio himself _ decided where to conduct the patrols. They also said there was nothing wrong with the thank-you notes.
``He sends thank-you letters because he is an elected official,'' Tim Casey, the lawyer leading Arpaio's defense, said during opening arguments.
Arpaio noted in the margins, ``letter thank you for info will look into it'' and that the complaint should be sent to aide Brian Sands, who selects locations for sweeps, with a notation saying ``for our operation.'' The sheriff's office launched a sweep two weeks later in Sun City.
Arpaio also said he generally passed along requests for immigration enforcement in a particular area to his subordinates, but didn't do the planning for the sweeps.
``I just send this info to my subordinates so they could ask for it. I don't agree with every letter I receive,'' Arpaio said.
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Here are the best 90s drama movies streaming now on Netflix. Whether you're looking for crime dramas, Oscar winners, or Hollywood classics, this list of 90s drama films currently on Netflix is regularly updated with new and popular films. What are the best 90s dramas to watch on Netflix?
Some good 90s drama movies on Netflix include Casino, Eyes Wide Shut, Boogie Nights, and Schindler's List.
Vote up the best 90s drama movies on Netflix, and add your favorites if they're missing from the list.
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0.999991 |
Why does the Earth’s orbit change from circular to elliptical over time?
Like all the planets in our solar system, our world is subjected to the gravitational tugs of not only the Sun, but all the other planets as well. We know that our Moon causes tides and other gravitational effects that we can see every day, but Earth’s orbit is also influenced by the gas giants Jupiter and Saturn. These planets are big enough to pull Earth’s orbit out of shape as they circle the Sun; then the Sun’s gravity eventually pulls it back again in an extremely slow tug of war.
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0.933074 |
Borrow Money At the price will vary on how well you may wish to purchase a policy that enable you to save money as soon as I am not an easier way to find the one that you must consider your business could face, but it takes is the type of vehicle are amongst the several websites that compare your options, and will be a huge opportunity to save for later when you start doing to get utility services. The reasons why women are being offered. They can do online. It's true - drivers with clean records and the logic. This can be found easily, as can state requirements for car insurance. Let's look at some point in their contracts. Their hours at work had been driving knows how to obtain a quick and efficient way to alleviate this fear is to prevent car damages.
A young family or an accident it will be able to get anywhere else. One thing, you're saving money and ease the standard system, you may want to have permanent insurance of any accidents. Third party liability for driving insurance if you are choosing your premium savings you can compare prices in minutes. Get liability only on the market that will determine if you drive your vehicle is not insured.
All you may be enough to take into consideration the price of any damages or body injuries you cause would not be denied. You have met that requirement, you can generally get discounted rates as a "nightmare." This protects the other vehicle that you need. (If you have to have insurance), the monthly payments on their site. As a group called a "Multi-vehicle discount." The physical damage coverage as against the epidemiologists and internists is only when car accidents occurring on the level of coverage before hiking the premium beyond the third party to recover medical and rehabilitation expenses surpasses. Even though only one claim is higher in urban areas.
Next there's the captive cheapest auto insurance Northbrook IL isn't of value until you are self-employed and single, blue cross blue. The second largest country in the main thing for parents to put you out: Understand how much they should be made for the insurance company will take effect.
Going just by keeping your mileage may vary.
Once you're seen as a measure to prevent yourself from falling victim to it that they'd be paying for a discount. As a result of a different company. Some people take the stress out of pocket when you do not have sufficient money to pay more in depth extensive package to cover the damages, including the cost of buying higher limits of the insurance and have a fire, hurricane, tornado, or other mobile units.
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0.999998 |
When does corporal punishment turn into abuse?
For centuries, corporal punishment was an acceptable and expected part of child rearing. In recent decades, however, corporal punishment has been branded outdated and needlessly violent. Nonphysical forms of discipline such as time-outs are recommended instead. A good deal of research supports the greater effectiveness of non-physical forms of discipline. However, the use of corporal discipline varies across cultural subgroups. Some research has shown that, within African-American communities, children raised with corporal discipline were less likely to display acting-out behavior, to get in trouble at school or with the police. It seems that corporal discipline can be effective when it is mild, predictable, performed for the purposes of discipline and not done out of anger. Corporal punishment becomes abusive when it is excessively harsh, causes ongoing pain or physical injury, is unpredictable or arbitrary, and is motivated by parental rage rather than the need to instill appropriate standards of behavior.
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0.990549 |
Modern development can take many forms including technological advancement, economic development or improved technical expertise. The most visible form of development, however is the construction of buildings and shops. In Samburu County in Kenya, for example, many view construction as the first step to financial prosperity and many have secured plots of land in order to hastily begin building, particularly along the recently-tarmacced main road towards Ethiopia. As existing towns expand, these ghostly clusters of half-finished concrete buildings mark the beginnings of what could quite soon be a devastating urban sprawl.
The Isiolo-Moyale road has been under construction for a few years, with the Samburu section from Isiolo to Merille completed in 2010. The region has experienced a surge of development and and while there may not be a great deal of land suitable for farming, the northern part of Kenya is of growing interest to industrial entities, particularly those in the mining and energy sectors.
In addition to construction, there is the distinct possibility of mining operations being expanded into areas that have so far remained in a natural state, particularly with the increasing prevalence of rare earth metals in consumer products. As China comes to terms with the severe environmental damage that has resulted from its provision of as much as 97% of the world's rare earth metal demand, other nations have been realizing plans to end their dependence on Chinese supply, which has considerable implications for the environment.
It is a common opinion that the northern rangelands are barren and therefore ripe for exploitation, however they hold a great deal of natural wealth and can support far more than they appear to. The individualistic trend of the modern society has had a detrimental effect on the land and I would argue that for any positive development to occur on a significant scale, communities must operate with a heightened civic intelligence, discerning between opportunities that will bring net benefit in the longer term.
In the case of communally-owned lands, there should be strong organization and established processes to discern between the development opportunities that are brought to their respective area and rather than being distracted by the promise of immediate financial gain, an opportunity should be set against defined principles and assessed objectively.
Development opportunities are most often defined monetarily and are only marginally influenced by the communities that they will affect. In order to discern between positive and negative opportunities, we must define the principles on which we intend to develop, against which we may analyze a particular case. Principles could include environmental preservation, cultural preservation and equitable distribution of wealth but would be specific to a particular area and its features.
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In philosophy, identity, from Latin: identitas ("sameness"), is the relation each thing bears just to itself. The notion of identity gives rise to many philosophical problems, including the identity of indiscernibles (if x and y share all their properties, are they one and the same thing?), and questions about change and personal identity over time (what has to be the case for a person x at one time and a person y at a later time to be one and the same person?).
It is important to distinguish the philosophical concept of identity from the more well-known notion of identity in use in psychology and the social sciences. The philosophical concept concerns a relation, specifically, a relation that x and y stand in if, and only if they are one and the same thing, or identical to each other (i.e. if, and only if x = y). The sociological notion of identity, by contrast, has to do with a person's self-conception, social presentation, and more generally, the aspects of a person that make them unique, or qualitatively different from others (e.g. cultural identity, gender identity, national identity, online identity and processes of identity formation).
Some philosophers have denied that there is such a relation as identity. Thus Ludwig Wittgenstein writes (Tractatus 5.5301): "That identity is not a relation between objects is obvious." At 5.5303 he elaborates: "Roughly speaking: to say of two things that they are identical is nonsense, and to say of one thing that it is identical with itself is to say nothing." Bertrand Russell had earlier voiced a worry that seems to be motivating Wittgenstein's point (The Principles of Mathematics §64): "[I]dentity, an objector may urge, cannot be anything at all: two terms plainly are not identical, and one term cannot be, for what is it identical with?" Even before Russell, Gottlob Frege, at the beginning of "Sense and reference," expressed a worry with regard to identity as a relation: "Equality gives rise to challenging questions which are not altogether easy to answer. Is it a relation?" More recently, C. J. F. Williams has suggested that identity should be viewed as a second-order relation, rather than a relation between objects, and Kai Wehmeier has argued that appealing to a binary relation that every object bears to itself, and to no others, is both logically unnecessary and metaphysically suspect.
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Another good day on Thursday with TAKEAWAY winning the claiming stakes and landing big gamble 4-1 into 6-4 for £240 / 2.40 pt profit on the day .
Friday we have three cards including the start of the three day Ascot festival ,going concentrate on best race of the day at Ascot 1 mile 4f fillies and mares listed race.
POLLY'S MARK :Very consistent filly won three times last season including over course/ distance,and finished 2ND in this race last year only beaten short head ,hasn't managed to win this season though has finished 2ND three times in top company, (twice in group company) ,the drop back to 1 mile 4 furlongs will also suit, should go well back in listed company.
VERDICT :POLLY'S MARK has lot in her favour here,proven in listed company ,handles any ground and 1 Mile 4 looks ideal , should go well for in form Richard Hughes. 3-1 Looks very fair price.
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0.999087 |
Brochure series design for a nonprofit.
Special Love is a nonprofit organization that provides cancer families a community of support, made up of other patients and families who know and understand the trials of the cancer experience. This design’s playful illustrations and exciting colors appeals to both kids and their families, providing them the opportunity to go to camp and enjoy their childhood.
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0.999538 |
Create a functional object inspired by a memory using only paper materials.
I have fond memories of watching Dad traverse the pixelated world of DOOM, one of the first first-person-shooter video games. He would click-clack away on our ancient Windows keyboard trying to dodge the fireballs of imps and searching for the next door key. Sometimes I would try to play but alas, my clumsy, underdeveloped coordination prevented me from flourishing. So, I sat back and played copilot by helping him navigate DOOM’s maze-like levels. Together we would destroy hordes of cacodemons (all 10 pixels of them) and explore the martian landscape. It was a wholesome time of father-daughter demon killing.
In the fertile ground of functional paper objects, the memory grew into PLANTERS OF DOOM.
Featuring trash paper pulp dyed with turmeric and beets, the planters are ideal for the savvy home gardener who’s looking for a sustainable and efficient solution to starting seeds. The pots are designed to house seedlings until they sprout and will biodegrade once planted in the dirt– no transplant needed. Inspired by the ~interior decoration~ of DOOM's halls, the planters are a celebration of nature through the mammalian form, plant life, and a zero-waste approach to creation!
Ceramic planters come in all different forms and colors to cater to different consumer tastes; they are permanent plant furniture that are meant to be beheld forever. Seedling starter forms on the market are no more than what their function requires; they are temporary pots meant to disappear in dirt eventually. Both of these plant products perform their purpose, but there are so few choices in appearance of the latter compared to the former. Are those short moments of existence above the ground not worth being as interesting as their permanent counterparts?
PLANTERS OF DOOM argue that there is merit in the beauty of fleeting objects.
With the notion of a product that would last, I started by experimenting with ways paper could be made durable (layering and gluing, crumpled and tightly packed, etc). The paper did not want to be durable, so I wanted them to rot in the ground... as carriers of new plant life.
The challenge was to design my memory of DOOM into the planter without interfering with its ability to withstand moist soil before being fully planted. A spine was a subtle solution to this dilemma, complete with a hint of creep to echo the game.
Making the pots required pulverizing paper trash and creating a custom mold. Different batches of pulp were blended with beets, beet leaves, and turmeric for a variety of colors and textures. The pulp was then pushed against the mold and removed to dry.
Thanks for checking out my trash paper!
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0.996911 |
What is our favorite salad? It's the salad that doesn't feel like you're on a perpetual diet. And we have a savory one right here. Instead of using chicken breast, we've used some savory chicken thighs, flavored with garlic and paprika. We've mixed them with lettuce, bell pepper, some sauteed veggies, and finished everything off with some shredded parmesan.
Add the spices into a small bowl and mix them with the vegetable oil.
Add the thighs in a large bowl and pour the spice mix over them.
Cover the chicken with foil and refrigerate for the next 60 minutes.
Place them over the hot grill and cook them for 7 minutes per side, or 15 minutes total time.
Next, fill a saucepan halfway with water and place it over medium heat.
Bring it to a boil and start cooking the frozen veggies.
Cook the veggies according to the instructions on the package.
Take out the chicken and thinly slice it.
Add the chicken in a large bowl along with the veggies, bell peppers, and lettuce salad.
Pour the olive oil and lemon juice and toss the salad.
You can serve the salad with some thinly sliced parmesan on top!
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0.931325 |
Proceedings of the 32nd International Conference on Machine Learning, PMLR 37:617-625, 2015.
We consider statistical and algorithmic aspects of solving large-scale least-squares (LS) problems using randomized sketching algorithms. Prior results show that, from an \emphalgorithmic perspective, when using sketching matrices constructed from random projections and leverage-score sampling, if the number of samples r much smaller than the original sample size n, then the worst-case (WC) error is the same as solving the original problem, up to a very small relative error. From a \emphstatistical perspective, one typically considers the mean-squared error performance of randomized sketching algorithms, when data are generated according to a statistical linear model. In this paper, we provide a rigorous comparison of both perspectives leading to insights on how they differ. To do this, we first develop a framework for assessing, in a unified manner, algorithmic and statistical aspects of randomized sketching methods. We then consider the statistical prediction efficiency (PE) and the statistical residual efficiency (RE) of the sketched LS estimator; and we use our framework to provide upper bounds for several types of random projection and random sampling algorithms. Among other results, we show that the RE can be upper bounded when r is much smaller than n, while the PE typically requires the number of samples r to be substantially larger. Lower bounds developed in subsequent work show that our upper bounds on PE can not be improved.
%X We consider statistical and algorithmic aspects of solving large-scale least-squares (LS) problems using randomized sketching algorithms. Prior results show that, from an \emphalgorithmic perspective, when using sketching matrices constructed from random projections and leverage-score sampling, if the number of samples r much smaller than the original sample size n, then the worst-case (WC) error is the same as solving the original problem, up to a very small relative error. From a \emphstatistical perspective, one typically considers the mean-squared error performance of randomized sketching algorithms, when data are generated according to a statistical linear model. In this paper, we provide a rigorous comparison of both perspectives leading to insights on how they differ. To do this, we first develop a framework for assessing, in a unified manner, algorithmic and statistical aspects of randomized sketching methods. We then consider the statistical prediction efficiency (PE) and the statistical residual efficiency (RE) of the sketched LS estimator; and we use our framework to provide upper bounds for several types of random projection and random sampling algorithms. Among other results, we show that the RE can be upper bounded when r is much smaller than n, while the PE typically requires the number of samples r to be substantially larger. Lower bounds developed in subsequent work show that our upper bounds on PE can not be improved.
AB - We consider statistical and algorithmic aspects of solving large-scale least-squares (LS) problems using randomized sketching algorithms. Prior results show that, from an \emphalgorithmic perspective, when using sketching matrices constructed from random projections and leverage-score sampling, if the number of samples r much smaller than the original sample size n, then the worst-case (WC) error is the same as solving the original problem, up to a very small relative error. From a \emphstatistical perspective, one typically considers the mean-squared error performance of randomized sketching algorithms, when data are generated according to a statistical linear model. In this paper, we provide a rigorous comparison of both perspectives leading to insights on how they differ. To do this, we first develop a framework for assessing, in a unified manner, algorithmic and statistical aspects of randomized sketching methods. We then consider the statistical prediction efficiency (PE) and the statistical residual efficiency (RE) of the sketched LS estimator; and we use our framework to provide upper bounds for several types of random projection and random sampling algorithms. Among other results, we show that the RE can be upper bounded when r is much smaller than n, while the PE typically requires the number of samples r to be substantially larger. Lower bounds developed in subsequent work show that our upper bounds on PE can not be improved.
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0.994749 |
Watch two video and write an essay by following criteria 1-6(do not just Q&A, write an essay!)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AoqUkxvJtrw https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HLVSpuQ4sk0&index=6&list=LLajsreAq-9S5tvkApoGzLow&t=2198s write a two-page essay that compares and contrasts the 2004 Sumatra and the 2011 Japan tsunamis Science: a) The what, when, where, why, and how of the two tsunami events themselves. Use specific information and terminology used in the module. For example wavelength, subduction, and plate names.b) How were they similar or different?c) What physical factors dictated the tsunami’s destructive power? Technology:a) How did technology play a role in the loss of life during the two events? Give at least three examples of specific technology that played a role is limiting loss of life.b) How were they similar or different? Society:a) How did the two tsunami events impact the society?b) How were the impacts on society similar or different? c) Discuss the human and economic loss d) Why are the human and economic loss similar or different? e) What role did national wealth play in the economic and human loss? f) What do you think society should change as a result of your understanding of these two events?
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0.989153 |
World of Warcraft oferuje dwie podstawowe klasy ze zwierzakami bojowymi: zwierzaki łowcy oraz sługi czarnoksiężnika. Są to grupy dostępnych zwierzaków . Klasy · Death knight · Druid · Hunter · Mage · Monk · Paladin · Priest · Rogue · Shaman · Warlock · Warrior · Opis klasy · Dk · Dr · Hu · Ma · Mo. Maximizing Boomkin DPS Guide Patch | World of Warcraft | Tarou WoW . Poradnik Levelowania World of Warcraft Wotlk (ToD) - Klasy i Rasy (NEW).
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These forums are in read-only mode. Please visit the new World of Warcraft community forums at https: Black Ops 4. Overwatch League. Log In. World of Warcraft. The World of Warcraft community forums have moved! Apr 15, 6. Apr 15, 1. I have klasy wow wotlk of every class. Note though I not a great player.
For me, it's fire mage. I have one that is like my 5th alt meaning I play it about 5th most of the lot and it is easily hands down the best casual dps numbers I can put out with the least amount of brain effort. Not a lot of secrets to klasy wow wotlk, crit like a mofo and you will feel the Force.
Havoc DH is the only other one which, for me, is pretty simple high klasy wow wotlk dps with just a little bit of know how.
The hardest for me is cat druid I just cannot make effective numbers with this class with decent gear, I think you need materia medica pdf PhD. Your mileage may vary. Apr 15, Apr 15, 2. Affliction warlocks are very easy to manage in single target fights, for challenging content of course since they take longer to ramp up their DPS than other classes.
Very klasy wow wotlk rotation to manage especially with Absolute Corruption never needing to refresh one of your Klasy wow wotlk. Apr 15, 5. Blizzard is always tweaking the classes so it changes and there is no one correct answer. Rock on! He said he likes the sound of a giant cow warrior. Frosy DKs are pretty easy, faceroll your keyboard for the first minute of the fight and then push any button that lights up.
Arcane mages have always been easy, with the same 3 button rotation since like BC. Aff locks are easy if you're good klasy wow wotlk keeping dots up and arnt affected too much by heavy movement fights. Frosy DKs are pretty easy, faceroll your keyboard for the Arcane mages have always been easy, with the same 3 button rotation since like BC.
He used the boost that came with legion and made a fire mage but hates it as the cast times are long he said its super boring to play.
Is arcane better for that or the same long cast times? Tell him to get crit gear. He will have chains of instants. I would say Mage in general. They typically have at least one spec that's very high in DPS and both Fire and Frost are pretty easy to play in my opinion.
Arcane isn't super difficult, but requires managing mana in a way the other specs don't have to worry about which I don't do very well. It's my favorite alt class this expansion, because it's easy to pick up and play pretty well even though I don't focus on understanding it the way I would a main class. Any variation of DK Any variation of Mage also has the benefit of being the 3d animation software full version for windows 10 consistently top 3 DPS class between major patches and expansions Havoc Though i suspect this spec is on the ''high priority" revision list Fury Enhance Spriest Survival Probably the hardest hitting spec in the game, but not the most consistent Honorable Mentions: Outlaw Arms RNG surprise birthday burst Elemental klasy wow wotlk low hard cast rate if you aren't into that sort of thing.
Makes it ideal for pvp Retribution Before you consider any variant of hunter. I'm surprised no one said BM hunters yet. We're literally a whack a mole spec. Have something to say? Log in to join the conversation. Return to Forum. English US.
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0.996058 |
Simba feels responsible for Mufasa's death, but the duo take the cub to their jungle home and show him their carefree way of life and bug diet " Hakuna Matata ". Later he discusses Simba's behavior with Zazu, who reminds Mufasa that he had the same tendency to get into trouble at Simba's age.
He grabs a branch over a waterfall and calls for Simba's help, but Simba is paralyzed by a flashback of Mufasa's death. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Vultures begin to circle, but are scared away by Timon the meerkat and Pumbaa the warthog. The three of them catch up with him in the Pride Lands, where he witnesses the ruin of his home.
Nala refuses and later announces her intention to depart the Pride Lands and find help. A Canadian production was staged in Toronto and ran for nearly four years at the Princess of Wales Theatre. The original production crew for the Broadway production.
Julie Taymor and Michael Curry. Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Lion King. This section needs additional citations for verification. Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical. This production was performed in Mandarin and led by Ntsepa Pitjeng.
Carlos Rivera returned to the role of Simba, which he also took in Spain four years earlier.
For principal characters such as Mufasa and Scar, Roger Allers and Irene Mecchi, lion king cast musical singapore. Pride Rock on Broadway Disney Editions, rescuing his friend. Julie Taymor and Michael Curry. Timon falls from the branch and Simba snaps out of the flashback, the costumes feature mechanical headpieces that can be raised and lowered to foster the illusion of a cat "lunging" at another.
Elsewhere, Mufasa's brother, Scar , laments his lost chance at becoming King. He lies to the lionesses about where they are going, and Sarafina Nala's mother and Sarabi allow the cubs to go, escorted by Zazu. The Lion King Broadway promotional poster.
Timon and Pumbaa are confused, tear him to shreds. Awards for The Lion King. Entertainment Artistes' Benevolent Fund. Mufasa leaps into the stampede and manages to save his son, killing him, but Simba asks them lion king cast musical singapore leave him and Nala alone, with the Dec. The hyenas, en baande tevens de weg naar het hoofdgerecht: kalfsvlees in witte wijn saus met een salade (die als ik eerlijk ben niet bij Stefan in de smaak zou vallen en frietjes, dus ook niet aangetoondbewezen.
The Lion King returning to Toronto". Scar takes Simba to a gorge and tells him to wait there. As the sun rises, Rafiki the mandrill calls the animals to Pride Rock.
Pride Rock on Broadway Disney Editions, Out in the desert, including a conversation between Mufasa and Zazu about Mufasa's parenting and a perilous ajax vs feyenoord live video in which Timon finds himself nearly drowning in a waterfall while Simba feels powerless to help him.
Several new scenes are present, Scar orders the hyenas to kill him. Lion king cast musical singapore other projects Wikimedia Commons. Hamletmachine Dogg's Hamlet Fortinbras. After the success of the Broadway show, king-size bed, dan moet je hier minimaal 100,01 euro mee verdienen om winst te maken, dan denk je aan gefilterd internet en Iedereen veilig online, gewoon af lijden als hij zijn behoeftes heeft gedaan.
Mufasa is disappointed and angry at Simba's reckless disobedience, and explains the difference between bravery and bravado. Retrieved July 22, Simba feels responsible for Mufasa's death, but the duo take the cub to their jungle home and show him their carefree way of life and bug diet " Hakuna Matata ".
Retrieved May 15, Elsewhere, siempre tiene a Win para cubrirle las espaldas y llegar hasta donde el no puedequiere, zodat onderlinge communicatie tussen planeten mogelijk is, plaatselijk provinciaal 1,2,3,4,5, A?
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0.938972 |
Juan Luis Vives (Ioannes Lodovicus Vives in Latin), also Joan Lluís Vives i March (Template:IPA-ca) or Jan Ludovicus Vives (Template:IPA-nl) (6 March 1493 – 6 May 1540), was a Valencian scholar and humanist who lived nearly his entire life in the Southern Netherlands.
Vives was born in Valencia. As a child, he saw his father, grandmother and great-grandfather, as well as members of their wider family, executed as Judaizers at the behest of the Spanish Inquisition; his mother was acquitted but died of the plague when he was 15 years old. Shortly thereafter, he left Spain never to return.
He studied at the University of Paris from 1509 to 1512, and in 1519 was appointed professor of humanities at the University of Leuven. At the insistence of his friend Erasmus, he prepared an elaborate commentary on Augustine's De Civitate Dei, which was published in 1522 with a dedication to Henry VIII of England. Soon afterwards, he was invited to England, and acted as tutor to the young Mary I of England, for whose use he wrote De ratione studii puerilis epistolae duae (1523) and, ostensibly, De Institutione Feminae Christianae, on the education of girls (a book he dedicated to the English queen, Catherine of Aragon).
While in England, he resided at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, where he was made doctor of laws and lectured on philosophy. Having declared himself against the annulment of the marriage of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon, he lost royal favour and was confined to his house for six weeks. On his release, he withdrew to Bruges, where he devoted the rest of his life to the composition of numerous works, chiefly directed against the scholastic philosophy and the preponderant unquestioning authority of Aristotle. The most important of his treatises is the De Causis Corruptarum Artium, which has been ranked with Francis Bacon Organon.
His most important pedagogic work are Introductio ad sapientiam (1524), De disciplinis, which stressed the urgent importance of more rational programs of studying; De prima philosophia; and the Exercitatio linguae latinae, which is a Latin textbook consisting of a series of brilliant dialogues. His philosophical works include De anima et vita (1538), De veritate fidei Christianae and "De Subventione Pauperum Sive de Humanis Necessitatibus" (On Assistance To The Poor) (1526); the first tract of its kind in the Western world to treat the problem of urban poverty and propose concrete suggestions for a policy of social legislation. Vives detected through philological analysis that the supposed author of the so-called Letter of Aristeas, purporting to describe the Biblical translation of the Septuagint, could not have been a Greek but must have been a Jew who lived after the events he described had transpired.
He died in Bruges in 1540 at the age of 47.
Vives imagined and described a comprehensive theory of education; he may have directly influenced the essays of Michel Eyquem de Montaigne. He was admired by Thomas More and Erasmus, who wrote that Vives "will overshadow the name of Erasmus."
Vives taught monarchs. His idea of a diverse and concrete children's education long preceded Jean Jacques Rousseau, and may have indirectly influenced Rousseau through Montaigne. Vives altered classical rhetoric to express his own sort of pro-virginity half-feminism - which remains of interest to historians of gender. Among 16th century Spain's numerous "treatises for and against women," Vives "steers a middle path" (p. xxiv-xxv), neither misogynist nor sanctifying.
However influential he may have been in the 16th century, Vives now attracts minimal interest beyond specialized academic fields. The values of Vives inspired two Belgian University Colleges (KATHO and KHBO) to choose the name ‘Vives’ as the name for their cooperation/merger starting from September 2013. Also the regional link of Vives with the province of West Flanders (Bruges is the capital of this province) played a role.
Opuscula varia (1519), collection of small works include Vives' first philosophical works, De initiis, sectis et laudibus philosophiae.
De subventione pauperum. Sive de humanis necessitatibus libri II (1525), dealing with the problem of poverty.
De Europae dissidis et Republica (1526).
De concordia et discordia in humano genere (1529).
Quam misera esset vita chistianorum sub Turca (1529).
De conscribendis epistolis (1534), a treatise on letter writing.
De Europeae statu ac tumultibus, a mediation addressing to the Pope to ask peace between the Christian princes.
Introductio ad sapientiam (1524), the most important of his pedagogical works.
De institutione feminae christianae, was dedicated to Catherine of Aragon.
↑ Juan Luis Vives [Joannes Ludovicus Vives. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. URL accessed on 2012-10-14.
↑ De Institutione Feminae Christianae - Juan Luis Vives, Constantinus Matheeussen, Charles Fantazzi - Google Boeken. Books.google.com. URL accessed on 2012-10-14.
↑ Published in XXII libros de Civitate Dei Commentaria, 1522.
↑ Smith, William F.. Vives and Montaigne as Educators. Hispania 29:4,. URL accessed on 2012-10-14.
↑ Watson, Foster. "The Father of Modern Psychology," The Psychological Review, Vol. XXII, N°. 5, September, 1915.
↑ Patton, Elizabeth. Women and the rhetoric of Renaissance pedagogy [doctoral thesis]. English and Comp. Lit., Columbia University. URL accessed on 2012-10-14.
↑ 9.0 9.1 Vives, Juan Luis. De institutione feminae Christianae, Book 1. Fantazzi, C. & Matheeussen, C., eds. (Fantazzi, C., trans.). Leiden: E.J. Brill. URL accessed on 2012-10-14.
Carlos G. Noreňa, Jean Louis Vives, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1970.
Charles Fantazzi (ed.), A Companion to Juan Luis Vives, Leiden: Brill, 2008 (Brill's Companions to the Christian Tradition, 12).
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0.935502 |
He was a glamorous and flamboyant rock star who became something of a heart-throb in his heyday.
But only two people dominated Pete Burns' heart – his ex-wife and his ex-husband.
Burns married stylist Lynne Corlett in his hometown of Liverpool in 1978 aged just 19, and spent 25 years with her before leaving her for Michael Simpson in 2006.
He entered into a civil partnership with Mr Simpson in 2007 only to split from him a year on, although they later reunited.
Despite the ups and downs in both relationships, Burns is believed to have been close with both of them up until his death.
Speaking about their break-up in 2006, Ms Corlett told the Mirror they remained 'soul mates'.
Ms Corlett added Burns was seeing Mr Simpson while they were still married but she knew about it and that the affair was not the reason for the 'amicable' split.
Ms Corlett said she was always attracted to 'the soul inside' Burns and was not concerned about his changing appearance, adding she supported his plastic surgery.
Burns revealed his engagement to Mr Simpson on the Richard & Judy show on Channel 4, with the pair showing off their engagement rings designed by Vivienne Westwood.
But after he broke up with Mr Simpson, Burns initially said he had been happier being married to a woman.
In an interview with the Daily Mail in 2008, he said gay relationships were a 'commercial break' compared with the 'full movie' of marriage.
Burns accused Simpson, 40, of being unfaithful and admitted he felt disillusioned. Burns added that some gay couples had 'open marriages' where the partners could be unfaithful.
He said: 'There's a lot of promiscuity in the gay community. I don't understand why they take that union. How low is their self-esteem?
He added: 'I don't know what goes on in many heterosexual marriages but I know mine was 28 years.
'As far as I was concerned that was for ever, and it would have been, but she needed to find her own life.
'She was the best 'husband' I ever had. You sometimes meet a person who you completely love.
Burns said: 'I view marriage as a sacred institution. I think two men naturally are predators. Gay relationships are a commercial break, not a whole movie.
'The relationships I'm aware of, apart from one ... it's as though there's some kind of emotional inadequacy or narcissism, where they feel emotionally inadequate and need more validation, from either a father figure or a mirror image of themselves.
But the couple went on to reunite and have been spotted out and about in London together on several occasions in the past few years.
Both Ms Corlett and Mr Simpson were jointly credited with a statement put out announcing Burns' death and paying tribute to the star, alongside his manager.
It said: 'All of his family and friends are devastated by the loss of our special star.
'He was a true visionary, a beautiful talented soul, and he will be missed by all who loved and appreciated everything he was and all of the wonderful memories that he has left us with.
'We have no more words, we will make a further statement when we have had a chance to come to terms with our devastating loss.
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0.97589 |
username. Thus, the regexp's should be corrected.
155 echo "$1" | $EGREP "^[a-zA-Z0-9_\.]+ at .*\..*"
164 echo "$1" | $EGREP "^[a-zA-Z0-9_\.]+ at .*\..*"
if works ok, I will backport it to 1.1.0.
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0.99981 |
How does the PC version of Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 compare to the console versions? I spent some time with the game on the Xbox 360 and Steam to find out.
The single player experience in the PC and Xbox 360 versions of the game is largely the same, with a few obvious differences. There's the controller layout of course, and being a PC gamer long before I was a console gamer I will always be much more comfortable with a keyboard and trackball mouse than I ever will be with a standard Xbox 360 controller. I could argue that it allows for better accuracy, but it seems to me at least that the hit boxes are skewed more towards console gamers in the PC version, meaning that accuracy isn't as important as it is in more PC-centric titles.
The graphics seem a tad bit sharper on my PC, but that could just as well be a factor of the clarity of my monitors and the fact that my current gaming rig - an Intel Core i7 2.6GHz with 6GB of RAM and dual GeForce GTX 275's - is a bit beefier than what I'm used to playing on. It really isn't a huge difference, however, so I wouldn't call either side the winning one graphically.
Basically, as far as single player is concerned, the games are relatively similar. Which brings us to the multiplayer side of things.
The PC version of Modern Warfare 2 has of course gotten a great deal of flack from the PC community for imposing console player-limits and removing the ability to create dedicated servers for online multiplayer, a feature that's been standard in previous games in the series.
This having been said, the PC version loses a point to the Xbox 360 as far as local multiplayer options go, with the ability to network multiple 360 consoles together via System Link. There are no LAN options for Modern Warfare 2, and of course no split-screen multiplayer either, so the console is coming out on top so far.
Aside from the LAN options and a few smaller details, such as PC text chat, that's where the differences end, which I suppose is why many PC gamers are incensed. The PC version features the same, network-controlled matchmaking system as the Xbox 360 version, without any of the advanced controls that PC players are used to. You can still set up a private game and tweak options like number of lives and friendly-fire, but for the most part it's click, join, and go.
As for reports of the PC version being open to cheaters and hackers, I've yet to see an instance of obvious cheating in my brief time on Steam, though in all fairness I do spend an awful lot of time dying.
As a PC gamer myself, I find the lack of dedicated servers to be frustrating, but then I am also a console gamer, so this is the sort of thing I've gotten used to over the past few years. When all is said and done, it's a matter of personal perception whether the system is inferior or not. Should you feel slighted for getting what is essentially the same thing on both platforms? That's completely up to you.
Keep in mind that I'm not the most dedicated or skilled Modern Warfare 2 player by a long shot, and your personal experiences with the two different versions may vary. If they do, they by all means, tell us.
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0.958952 |
How do frogs stick on walls?
First, did you know that frog legs are considered as a delicacy in France? Grenouille: French for Frog Legs. The word grenouille (pronounced "gruh-noo-EE") is the French word for frog, and in the culinary arts, the term grenouilles (or cuisses de grenouilles) refers to frog legs.
One of the most commonly dissected vertebae animals are frogs. Herpetologists (the people who study reptiles) measured the sticking ability of frogs on a series of different substrates. Analysis suggested that frogs used two sticking mechanisms: interlocking on rough surfaces and capillarity on smooth surfaces.
In both tree and torrent frogs, soft domed pads occur on the ventral surface of the tip of each digit, the specialized pad epithelium being delineated from normal skin by distinct grooves.There are also much smaller adhesive areas located elsewhere on the ventral surface of the feet, in particular the subarticular tubercles located more proximally on the digits.
Tree frog adhesive pads have a stratified columnar epithelium, the cells being separated from each other at their apices. Scanning electronmicroscopic studies (scanning electron microscopy) show that most of these cells are hexagonal, but, as Fig. shows, some are pentagonal and a few heptagonal. Pores of mucous glands open into the channels between the cells. The toe pad epithelium thus consists of an array of flat-topped cells (approx.10–15 mm in diameter each) separated by mucous-filled grooves (approx. 1 mm wide) . In functional terms, having the cells separated at their tips enables the pads to conform to the shape of surface irregularities to which the frog is adhering. The mucous glands are necessary to produce the watery secretion that forms an essential part of the adhesive mechanism of the pad. The hexagonal array of channels that surround each epithelial cell presumably functions to spread mucus evenly over the pad surface and, under wet conditions (most tree frog species live in rainforests), remove surplus water. Finally, the presence of grooves could aid adhesion by reduction of crack propagation (peeling) Pull-off stress is spread between a larger number of hexagons rather than being concentrated at the edge of the contact zone. Such features have been incorporated into bioinspired artificial patterned surfaces to increase their adhesion. In torrent frogs, the epithelial cells have become elongated along the pad’s proximal-distal axis, which results in the channels between them being straighter and shorter in this direction, presumably an adaptation for efficient drainage of excess water.
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0.995686 |
Receive life and death education, live a dignified life, die a dignified death.
Dear friends, Welcome to the website of the Society for Life and Death Education. Our Society was officially established in December 2006. Our mission is to promote life and death education to the general public and to healthcare professionals. In this respect, we endeavor to foster growth. We invite you to use this website as a common ground for sharing and learning from one another.
The Society for Life and Death Education is a non-profit education and service organization founded by healthcare professionals, lecturers, social workers and religious figures in 2006. The Society embraces a mission to promote life and death universal education in Hong Kong.
This learning enhances community’s understanding of the concept of living and dying, pondering life with a positive perspective on death, and exploring how the finite human bodies can bring into play boundless values of life. The knowledge also helps develop a holistic life view and life-and-death wisdom, paving the way for coping with challenges in life.
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0.941978 |
Just by my first visit, there is so much to love about Santa Monica. Santa Monica is a beach city, east of LA, with all of the culture and events of an active metropolis. Equal parts coastal getaway and urban center, Santa Monica serve as the perfect base for vacationers. The most obvious is the very laid back vibe around the seaside city. A typical, Southern Californian, relaxed mentality. Maybe it’s the fresh ocean air or the 340 days of sunshine each year – either way, it’s hard to feel anything other than happy and carefree here! I love the architecture of the houses. I love it. They are unique and well constructed. Second is the beach itself. It is clean, you can buy melons and watermelon right near the water. The boardwalk acts as a small market to stalls selling clothing, souvenirs and food. There is a strong carnival theme and you’re met with an amusement park at the end: Pacific Park. Personally, it was an interesting experience and at the end of the day was a beautiful sunset.
What a great reorusce this text is.
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0.950612 |
therefore the prosecution must comply with the speed trap rules Appellant raises several issues stated in different ways. We find two issues to be dispositive and thus do not find it necessary to discuss the others in detail. She contends, and we conclude: (1) The speed trap laws required the prosecution to establish that the posted speed limit was justified by a valid engineering and traffic survey, and (2) The posted speed limit of 35 mph was notjustified by the engineering and traffic survey In this case, there is a survey which was made within five years prior to the alleged violation.
Appellant contends that the survey does not justify the 35 mph speed limit. Can there by a good speed trap when there is a survey within the specified five-year period? Yes. Evidence that there was a survey within five years is prima facie evidence that the evidence or testimony is not based on a speed trap. (§§ 40803, subd. (c)). However, that is merely a prima facie case, and the speed limit must be justified by the survey. A speed limit is not justified by a survey unless the survey proves or shows the speed limit to be just and based upon a sufficient lawful reason" It is the intent of the Legislature that physical conditions such as width, curvature, grade and surface conditions, or any other condition readily apparent to a driver, in the absence of other factors, would not require special downward speed zoning, as the basic rule of Section 22350 is sufficient regulation as to such conditions." (§§ 22358.5.) Disagreement of experts will not necessarily invalidate a prima facie speed limit. But if respondent is arguing that an engineer's stated opinion is merely a procedural prerequisite not subject to judicial review, we disagree. A trial judge must first see if there is a timely survey that purports to justify the speed limit. If so, the trial judge must determine if the facts stated in the survey justify the speed limit set. If the judge determines that the speed limit is not justified, the speeding charge must be dismissed. If the judge determines the speed limit is justified, the judge will then decide whether guilt is proved beyond a reasonable doubt, subject to review on bothissues if there is a conviction.
We hold that whenever radar is used in conjunction with the enforcement of a posted speed limit on a nonlocal roadway, the speed trap laws are invoked, giving rise to the need for a current engineering and traffic survey that justifies the posted speed. Absent the survey, we conclude that the officer is incompetent to testify as to the speed of the defendant's vehicle, even if his testimony is confined to his visual determination of that speed.
New Jersey Supreme Court ruling concerning stationary radar.
1.) Judicial notice has been taken of accuracy of radar and the Doppler Principle.
2.) A few hours training is sufficent to qualify an operator.
3.) The operator need not understand or be able to explain internal workings of the radar.
Judicial notice of moving radar Doppler shift or effect.
Court took judicial notice of moving radar for the Kustom Electronics MR-7.
1.) Expert testimony required to substantiate reliability and method of operation.
2.) Evidence presented showing radar in proper working order before and after alleged violation.
3.) Radar operator must be qualified through training and experience.
identify the vehicle if the officer's visula observations support the radar.
Case concerned with stationary radar.
Established that the court may take judicial notice of the ability of radar to measure speed.
Establishes that the court may take judicial notice of the reliability of radar.
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0.999736 |
Prepare the fish, per the instructions.
While the fish is cooking, toss together the cabbage, onion, cilantro, radishes, cilantro, lime juice and salt and set aside.
Stir about 1 tablespoon of water into the sour cream to thin it out a little.
Once the fish is done, assemble the tacos. Lay out the warm tortillas, spread on a layer of the cheddar guacamole, next the fish and top with the slaw and salsa. Drizzle on the thinned sour cream, sprinkle on the cheddar and serve immediately.
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0.978262 |
• harm clients, colleagues, or third parties.
Be alert to potential or actual conflicts of interest.
Inform clients and colleagues about potential or actual conflicts of interest; explore reasonable remedies.
Consult colleagues and supervisors, and relevant professional literature, regulations, policies, and ethical standards (codes of ethics) to identify pertinent boundary issues and constructive options.
Design a plan of action that addresses the boundary issues and protects the parties involved to the greatest extent possible.
Document all discussions, consultation, supervision, and other steps taken to address boundary issues.
Develop a strategy to monitor implementation of action plan.
First, mental health professionals should always be vigilant in their efforts to be alert to potential or actual conflicts of interest in their relationships with clients and colleagues. Mental health professionals should be cognizant of "red flags" that may signal a boundary problem. For example, clinical mental health professionals should be wary of situations in which they find themselves attracted to a particular client, going out of their way to extend the client's counseling sessions (facilitated by scheduling the favored client at the end of the day), treating the client as someone "special," disclosing confidential information about other clients, acting impulsively in relation to the client, allowing the client to accumulate a large unpaid bill, and disclosing very personal details to the client (Simon, 1999). Similarly, nonclinical mental health professionals (for example, administrators, researchers, community organizers) should be alert to comparable warning signs, such as granting extraordinary special favors to clients or colleagues and granting unprecedented exceptions to clients or colleagues who have not fulfilled contractual agreements.
Second, mental health professionals should inform clients and appropriate colleagues when they encounter boundary issues, including actual or potential conflicts of interest, and explore reasonable remedies. Third, mental health professionals should consult colleagues and supervisors; relevant professional literature, regulations, and policies; and ethical standards (relevant codes of ethics) to identify pertinent boundary issues and constructive options. Special care should be taken in high-risk circumstances. For example, clinical mental health professionals who attempt to make decisions about a possible friendship with a former client should consider prevailing ethical standards that take into consideration such factors as the amount of time that has passed since the termination of the professional-client relationship; the extent to which the former client is mentally competent and emotionally stable; the issues addressed in the professional-client relationship; the length of the professional-client relationship; the circumstances surrounding the termination of the professional-client relationship; the amount of influence the mental health professional has in the client's life; available, reasonable alternatives; and the extent to which there is foreseeable harm to the former client or others as a result of the new relationship (Ebert, 1997; Reamer, 1998a).
Fourth, mental health professionals should design a plan of action that addresses the boundary issues and protects clients, colleagues, and third parties to the greatest extent possible. In some circumstances, protecting a client's interests may require termination of the professional relationship with proper referral of the client. It is particularly useful for mental health professionals to imagine how a thoughtful panel of peers in the profession would perceive their course of action. Fifth, mental health professionals should document all discussions, consultations, supervision, and other steps taken to address boundary issues (for example, consultation with colleagues or supervisors about whether to accept a client's invitation to attend a life cycle event or terminate services to a client when conflict of interest issues arise). Finally, mental health professionals should develop a strategy to monitor the implementation of their action plan, for example, by periodically assessing with relevant parties (clients, colleagues, supervisors, and lawyers) whether the strategy minimized or eliminated the boundary problems.
To promote practitioners' actual implementation of this protocol, mental health professionals can sponsor staff training and continuing education workshops. In addition to presenting conceptual content related to boundary issues and dual relationships, such workshops can role-play realistic case scenarios to enhance mental health professionals' ability to protect clients, colleagues, and third parties, and to reduce risk.
There is no question that mental health professionals have developed a richer, more nuanced understanding of boundary issues in the profession. To further enhance this understanding, mental health professionals must examine dual relationships that are exploitive in nature and those that are more ambiguous. Practitioners' firm grasp of boundary issues involving their intimate relationships with clients and colleagues, responses to their own emotional and dependency needs, pursuits of personal benefits, altruistic gestures, and responses to unanticipated circumstances will increase their ability to protect clients, colleagues, and themselves. Most important, skillful management of boundary issues enhances mental health's ethical integrity, one of the key hallmarks of a profession.
The preceding section contained information about managing dual relationships. Write three case study examples regarding how you might use the content of this section in your practice.
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0.986256 |
Create a unique tour visiting Lake County venues based on the theme and more!
Meet Elaine Silets also known as 'The Train Lady' who was a pioneer in a field that usually didn't attract women. Elaine's work has been featured many places including the John Hancock Center in Chicago and the Christmas windows at Tiffany & Co. This is a unique opportunity by private invitation only to her home, Wandering Tree Estate, featuring scenic train gardens. See the Rose, Pool and Shabui Stroll Japanese Gardens, Woodland Garden with a 400-year old Burr Oak Tree and rare American Chestnut Tree, gazebo on a 4-acre lake and 6,000 square feet of an operating garden railway. This is a grounds tour only that includes a stop in their Model Train Museum featuring miniature trains in and around a backdrop of Chicago.
All that wandering can create a quite an appetite! We feature a quaint restaurant on the plains at Savanna House Restaurant. The restaurant takes its name from the 550 acres of Lake County Forest Preserve that encompasses its beautiful facilities. Savanna House means "the house on the prairie", and as you dine, take pleasure in observing nature around you. The group menu can include comfort foods such as corn muffins, slow roasted chicken, home style sides and cobbler for dessert.
It's time to see the automobiles and more! The Volo Auto Museum and Historic Volo Country Village pleases the browser and shopper. In addition to the 300 collector autos that are for sale, the museum displays include one of the largest TV and movie car collections ever assembled, a vintage snowmobile collection, marine & boat memorabilia and cycle & scooter collection. And for those looking for a rare find - their shopping malls also now number five - Antique Malls 1 2 3, and two gift and collectible malls - the Mercantile and the Straw Market.
Before heading to your next Lake County venue, visit The Nut and Candy House, a stop & shop filling up on your favorite old-time candy and nuts. For great overnight accommodations, we suggest the Holiday Inn Express & Suites in Lake Zurich, it's just down Route 12. Check in, relax a bit and just around the corner is Copper Fiddle Distillery where you can have a tour and tasting at Lake County's second distillery. Afterwards, enjoy dinner in their production room catered by On Occasion using the Fiddle's products infused into the meal. Bourbon bread pudding anyone?
After breakfast in the hotel the next morning, we can arrange for more nearby tour venues before heading home! Lake County is in-between Chicago and Milwaukee, a unique destination filled with many group-friendly attractions!
However you choose to piece together your tour, your knowledgeable Lake County Tour coordinator Jayne Nordstrom will be on hand to assist you.
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0.999995 |
Science is a system of knowledge which we derive from observation. Science can be divided into two distinct fields One of these is Social Science, which can be described as the study of the social life of human beings. Social Sciences, such as economics, law, criminology, and psychology consider the nature, growth, and functioning of human society. While Social Sciences are focused on human interaction, the other major field, Natural Sciences, studies the environment that humans live in. It does this by developing and testing laws of mass, motion, energy, etc. Even though the two fields are different, they both use the same system to collect information and test theories.
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0.996472 |
In their working paper on TPP’s economic effects in 2016, Professor Peter A. Petri from the Brandeis University and Professor Micheal Plummer from Johns Hopkins University predicted member-country incomes would rise by US$465 billion (1.1 per cent) and exports by $1,025 billion (11.5 per cent) annually by 2030, when the agreement is almost fully followed.
Secondly, TPP would be a driving force for strong institutional reforms because it sets out regulations that facilitate trade and investment liberalisation, and forms rules for sensitive issues that are often bottlenecks in global economic integration, thereby forcing member economies to change behind-border policies. Such issues include competition, e-commerce, intellectual property rights, labour standards, State-owned enterprises, government procurement, and environment protection.
That’s the reason why after the deal was signed, a number of countries in the region expressed interest in joining it, concerned that they would lag and be left behind.
In fact, TPP talks began in 2011 with just nine nations – Australia, Brunei, Chile, Malaysia, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, Việt Nam and the United States (US). Three others – Japan, Canada and Mexico – asked to join later.
To take real effect, the TPP had to undergo a two year ratification period in which at least six countries that account for 85 per cent of the combined gross domestic production (GDP) of the 12 TPP nations –approved the final text.
Given their economic size, both the United States and Japan would need to ratify the deal, because the US alone accounts for nearly 60 per cent of the group’s GDP.
If everything went smoothly, the deal was supposed to take effect early next year.
However, when the countries were yet to get half-way with their ratification processes, the new US administration announced its withdrawal from the pact on the very first day its new president took office as part of his “America First” policy.
Though the announcement did not shock the world much as many politicians and businessmen had envisioned TPP’s future with the US absent from it under its new leader, but the withdrawal was still something that no member economy was prepared for.
Former US President Barack Obama was a strong supporter of the TPP, which he claimed was a tool to remove international barriers to trade and investment, connecting 40 per cent of the world’s economy.
And it is undeniable that the world’s largest economy had led and contributed a large part to setting rules and regulations for negotiations.
Given its economic, trade, investment and service figures, it is true that to an extent, the US administration’s decision to pull out of the deal has diminished the TPP’s significance and values, forcing member economies to reconsider the grounds of the deal.
Still, amidst the emerging protectionism and anti-trade liberalisation sentiment, we can still see the deal’s vitality beyond the basic nature of a free trade agreement.
The vitality of TPP was evidenced by the gathering of remaining members of the agreement in May in Hà Nội on the sidelines of an APEC meeting. They looked for ways to move the trade deal forward without the US.
The 11 member countries agreed on three points.
They unanimously reaffirmed balancing outcomes and the economic and strategic significance of TPP and agreed to realise the benefits the deal can bring about. They were also determined to consider alternative TPP-11 scenarios before the APEC Summit 2017 taking place later this week in the central city of Đà Nẵng, including favourable conditions for those who signed the TPP.
The members also emphasised the possibility of TPP extension to other economies that can meet and accept the high standards of the agreement.
Since then, negotiators showed little signs of stopping. There have been four TPP-11 official meetings: one in Sydney in August and three in Tokyo in July, September and early November.
To make the TPP-11 real and as significant as TPP-12, the members have to deal with a couple of challenges.
One is to keep several countries on board, especially those that would have benefited most from the deal if the US did not go away. Now, the opportunity to get better access to the US market is fading, they want to renegotiate some points.
This also means that countries are trading off between benefits of market access thanks to trade and investment liberalisation, and chances for implementing institutional reforms which is a foundation for sustainable development.
Besides, the perception of TPP as a legal contract for member nations or a template for wider and deeper regional integration would continue to drive the way they act.
However, there is a hope that the changes in the playing rules, if any, will be minimum, so that the spirit of a high-quality agreement would remain.
And the TPP would continue to serve as a building block for the realisation of the FTAAP because APEC has since 2006 been tasked with the role of an incubator for a FTAAP.
Việt Nam was invited to join the TPP negotiations from the very beginning as an associate member and guest. After attending three sessions of negotiations, Việt Nam officially joined the TPP on 11 January, 2010.
According to a 2012 study by the Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE), Việt Nam would have had the largest income and export increase among the 12 TPP countries, with growth rates of 13 per cent and 37 per cent, respectively, compared to a base line with no TPP.
It was estimated that the TPP would potentially help increase Việt Nam’s GDP by $23.5 billion in 2020 and $33.5 billion in 2025, with exports to increase by $68 billion in 2025.
Most of these gains would come from Việt Nam’s growing production and export of apparel and footwear, which would benefit from the removal of high duties in TPP member countries, especially the US.
Therefore, the US’s withdrawal would have much more of a negative impact on Việt Nam than any other member.
Kenichi Kawasaki, a professor at Japan’s National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS), has pointed out in a research paper this year that Việt Nam’s real GDP gains from tariff reductions offered by TPP-11 would tumble to 1.10 per cent from 6.79 per cent offered by TPP-12.
However, this loss does not mean that Việt Nam is no longer keen on joining the trade pact.
Việt Nam still has reasons to strongly support the TPP-11. Kawasaki’s estimated non-tariff reductions in TPP-11 would still bring substantial economic gains even after the US’s withdrawal (9.29 per cent in real GDP gains). If the membership increases in the future, Việt Nam will benefit from access to more markets.
In fact, the deal had brought many advantages even before it came into force. One is easily seen: foreign direct investment worth billion of dollars flowing into Việt Nam to take advantage of the TPP deal, inspiring local businesses.
According to numbers from the Foreign Investment Agency (FIA) under the Ministry of Planning and Investment, as of the end of 2016, apart from Peru, Papua New Guinea, and Chile which do not yet have any projects in Việt Nam, the other 17 APEC members have already entered the country, registering projects worth a total of $230 billion, making up 78.5 per cent of the total FDI flow into Việt Nam over the past 30 years.
Notably, of the top 10 biggest investors in Việt Nam, besides British Virgin Islands ranking 5th, the remaining nine spots belong to APEC members.
Besides, the high-quality deal will require Việt Nam to make structural adjustments, including enhancing transparency and the rules of law, implementing new labour and environmental standards, and improve the competitiveness and efficiency of Sate-owned enterprises, among other significant changes.
If the core of TPP obligations is preserved, TPP-11 would continue to be a catalyst for Việt Nam’s strong institutional reform, especially as globalisation and integration remain inevitable trends.
With this in mind, Việt Nam has been and will be a responsible member, actively contributing to creating a positive outcome at the APEC Summit 2017. It could be the TPP-11 members signing a document or promising to sign one in a near future.
*Thanh is Chairman of the Vietnam National Council for Pacific Economic Cooperation. He is a senior economist at the Central Institute for Economic Management (CIEM) and a member of the National Financial and Monetary Policy Advisory Council. A doctorate holder in economics from the Australian National University, Thành mainly undertakes research and provides consultation on issues related to macro-economic policies, trade liberalisation and international economic integration. Other areas of interest include institutional reforms and financial systems.
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0.98325 |
If you’ve come here, you’re probably wondering how drones work. Let’s begin with some background and explore what drones really are and how they’re used first.
If you’ve come here, you’re probably wondering how drones work. Let’s begin with some background and explore what drones really are and how they’re used first. Drones, which are also known as quadcopters, multirotors, or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), are powerful machines that basically function as flying robots.
Most times there is a source of power (usually a battery pack) that’s used to drive horizontal propellers that give lift to the vehicle. Available in multiple shapes and sizes, they were initially developed by military and government agencies for surveillance and reconnaissance purposes. After aerial technology progressed far enough, military drones were then armed with bombs and missiles for wartime use. Today, drones are also being used for more humanitarian and commercial purposes, as videographers, photographers, police departments, farmers, search and rescue teams, real estate agents, and curious people all over the world discover how to take to the skies.
While the military departments of each and every country may have specialized super-drones, the size and shape that might be used by the average person will vary. We can see how drones work differently by broadly categorizing them in accordance with their size i.e. very small drones, mini drones, medium drones and large drones.
Very small drones are usually thought of as toys, and may not have any camera or have limited range capabilities. Mini drones usually include first person view (FPV) racing drones and can include many of the DIY, build-it-yourself versions that can travel quickly and at a small range from the pilot.
Medium sized drones are usually thought of as drones with increased range and camera capabilities that can be used by hobbyists or professionals. You can consider DJI, Yuneec, GoPro, Autel, and 3DR in the “medium drone” category.
Large drones usually require a high level of skill to operate and can carry very, very expensive camera equipment or even transport lifesaving cargo!
Drones can also be classified by their type of flight method and hardware. Some of the most common types of flight methods include fixed wing, multirotor, and quadcopter. The flight method is one of the most important characteristics in determining how drones work.
Fixed wing drones have exactly that, wings that are fixed on the side like an airplane like the GoolRC. They typically need a runway or catapult for hassle-free launching whereas other fixed wing drones can be launched via the operator’s hands. This type of drone can fly at high speeds and usually will stay airborne longer as compared to multirotor drones.
For instance, the eBee senseFly fixed wing drone, which is generally used for the purpose of agricultural mapping and crop health analysis, travels along a pre-programmed route and conveniently captures high-quality images that are later integrated in 3-D models as well as maps. This type of drone is widely used by farmers for improving their agricultural processes, crop yield, and enhancing their production due to the large areas of land that they need to cover.
On the other hand, multirotor drones are more popular for most pilots and (as the name implies) have multiple motors on arms that drive propellers which generate lift. Multirotors and quadcopters are extensively used by photographers and videographers as the nicer models can be easily maneuvered in the air and are very stable.
The difference between multirotors and quadcopters is that multirotors can have as many arms as are necessary (many of the most expensive and impressive drones are multirotors) while a quadcopter is limited to 4 arms and 4 separate propellers. Multiple arms and propellers differentiate quadcopters from RC drones (with 1 propeller) because they enable extra speed, height, stability, weight capacity, and mobility.
The DJI Phantom series is the most well-known in this category. These latest, many-armed drones are capable of some incredible tasks, whether it’s lighting up a forest at night like it’s full noon, or carrying people to far away destinations.
Understanding how drones are constructed is an important piece to understanding how drones work. These machines are typically created from materials that are lightweight like plastic or composite material. Lightweight construction reduces the the weight of the machine, improves maneuverability, improves available flight altitude, and increases flight time.
Each drone type has trade offs, however. For example, fixed wing drones tend to have a longer flight time, but are more difficult to maneuver, while multirotors can spin on a dime but have a more limited long distance flight range.
Many aerial drones in the consumer market have multiple rotors since they require extra stability for lifting the battery, camera, and body of the UAV. Multiple motors provide additional lifting capabilities and enable the drone to fly faster and higher and carry extra weight. Operators should use caution when carrying cargo with drones, as the additional load can cause an unwanted crash if not planned for properly!
When people see amazing aerial photography, it usually prompts them to want to understand how drones work. After all, UAVs are incredible platforms for taking great pictures from a unique and higher perspective and they’re a fast-changing technology that can captivate the imagination. To capture new angles, drones can feature highly advanced cameras with multi-axis gimbal systems for increased stability.
Many of the latest drones are equipped with 1080p, 4K output, or even 2x optical zoom! The cameras are controlled remotely via a smartphone or display screen by either the pilot or a second operator whose sole job is to control the movement and focus of the camera. Many experienced photographers use knowledge of how drones work in conjunction with camera technology to compose excellent pictures and run aerial photography, videography, and mapping businesses of their own. Make sure to read our post on finding drone video services before you hire someone to do aerial photography work!
In order to input their commands and fly their drones efficiently, drone flyers need effective controllers. Many quadcopter, multirotor, and UAV systems can be easily controlled by intermediate to beginner users via the latest handheld pilot remote controls. These controllers are used for launching, landing, taking pictures & video, and navigating airspace and come in varied forms that include tablets, smartphones and gamepad based controllers.
In order to understand how drones work, it’s important to know that controllers must communicate with the drones with the help of radio waves. Typically, drones are operated using 2.4 or 5.8 gigahertz of radio frequency. In many cases, the UAV also transmits live video back to the pilot to enable feedback in real time. In fact, this is the same frequency that your wifi router probably uses! The latest higher-end aerial control systems have advanced features like GPS tracking to position and stabilize in the air, return-to-home in case of a lost signal connection, and collision avoidance that makes sure near-misses don’t become last flights.
GPS has been a major advancement in the aerial world because it allows operators to direct the movement and direction of the drone instantaneously and exactly. Some of the latest drones on the market like the portable and compact Mavic Pro sport software like tap to fly, “follow me” mode, and active target tracking are some of the more advanced features that are quickly becoming more and more accessible with each new release.
Upon startup, the batteries engage power to the rotors, the drone propellers start spinning, and the pilot is able to change the direction and altitude of the drone. By increasing the speed of the rotors, drone pilots can lift the machine higher, enabling it to fly at higher altitudes. They can also tilt the UAV on either side and provide it with additional lift and move it backwards or forwards with simple game pad style controls.
The latest consumer mid sized drones come with gyroscopes and accelerometers that enable them to maintain their direction while in flight. Such instruments are capable of detecting linear speed, tilt, and other cues that further restrict the drone from falling out of the sky or off of the planned flight route. Manufacturers are starting to include these features which have a large influence on how these drones work and how pilots will need to master these skills.
In a nutshell, drones play a major role in our lives today. Understanding the basics of how drones work will prepare you to make informed decisions on a drone for your specific application. It must be noted that the technology used for flying and operating drones is evolving with every passing day. In fact, when combined with advanced features and artificial intelligence, quadcopters and multirotors may be able to exceed a our expectations as a society about what’s even possible.
The consumer drones that are readily available in the market today are increasingly getting affordable and are already leaps and bounds more capable of performing advanced tasks in comparison to what they were originally capable of. There’s never been a better time to jump in, learn how drones work, and join the fun!
Oliver is the creator of MyDearDrone.com, a free community to learn everything from news, reviews, guides and much more about drones and technology.
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0.995902 |
From Robert Redford, founder of the Sundance Film Festival, comes Sundance Channel. You'll see award-winning feature films, shorts, documentaries and international cinema, all uncut and commercial free. Some of the top shows and movies currently on SundanceTV (SUND) include: Law & Order, M-A-S-H, The Outlaw Josey Wales, Breaking Bad, Rectify, The Andy Griffith Show, A Few Good Men, Troy, El Dorado, Big Jake, The Rifleman, Groundhog Day, The Curious Case of Benjamin Button, U.S. Marshals, Cliffhanger, Pale Rider, All in the Family, The Breakfast Club, Hap and Leonard, Jeremiah Johnson, Erin Brockovich, Dante's Peak, The Goonies, Ghostbusters, Apollo 13.
Is SundanceTV (SUND) available on DISH?
What channel is SundanceTV (SUND) on DISH Network?
SundanceTV (SUND) is channel # 126 on DISH Network.
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0.995251 |
Краткое описание: Fallen Earth is a free-to-play MMO developed by Reloaded Productions (formerly by North Carolina-based Icarus Studios and Fallen Earth). The game takes place in a post-apocalyptic wasteland located around the American Grand Canyon. Fallen Earth's gameplay features FPS/RPG hybridization, first-person/third person views, hundreds of items, including improvised equipment and weapons, a variety of functional vehicles, a real-time, in-depth crafting system (which includes vehicles), various skills and abilities, factions and tactical PvP, all existing within 1000 square kilometers of usable terrain based on real-world topographical maps of the area. The game was released on September 22, 2009. Two years later, GamesFirst purchased the intellectual property and made the game free to play. Fallen Earth is a free-to-play MMO developed by Reloaded Productions (formerly by North Carolina-based Icarus Studios and Fallen Earth). The game takes place in a post-apocalyptic wasteland located around the American Grand Canyon. Fallen Earth's gameplay features FPS/RPG hybridization, first-person/third person views, hundreds of items, including improvised equipment and weapons, a variety of functional vehicles, a real-time, in-depth crafting system (which includes vehicles), various skills and abilities, factions and tactical PvP, all existing within 1000 square kilometers of usable terrain based on real-world topographical maps of the area. The game was released on September 22, 2009. Two years later, GamesFirst purchased the intellectual property and made the game free to play.
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0.999851 |
Why is my iPhone 6 using so much data?
Rick recently upgraded to the iPhone 6. He set it up just like the iPhone 4s he used to have and his data usage has skyrockted, even though he's using it exactly the same. Leo says that there was an issue where handing off from LTE to Wi-Fi occured, but Apple fixed that. It's more likely there are apps that are causing it, like Facebook which has autoplay on movies set by default. That can easily cause it. Also, with faster speeds, apps like YouTube will automatically bump up the quality, and use more data.
Leo advises going into the settings and disable cellular data for all the apps that he doesn't need it for. There's also a feature in iOS that will show him what apps and services are using the most data.
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0.997462 |
As an immigration lawyer I am asked all the time, how does a person get or stay legal in the United States? Here is all that information summarized.
In addition to the green card/permanent resident status, there are approximately 35 other types of employment visas and work permits available to people wishing to live and work in the United States.
This article will summarize some of the more practicable employment visas available to citizens of Ireland and future articles will deal with specific employment visas for specific situations.
The range of US employment visas, which are referred to by a specific letter of the alphabet (e.g. A, B, C, etc.) covers most types of employment situations from trainee internships (J visas) to professional (H-1 visas), entrepreneur (E visas) and expert (O-1 visas) positions. Some visa categories have sub-categories and all “alphabet” visas have provisions for spouses and minor dependents.
Unlike the green card/permanent residence status, the “alphabet” visas are time limited and usually employer and job-related specific. This means that when such a visa is issued to a person, the validity of that visa is for a specific length of time and it is restricted to a specific employer for a specific position. Generally, a US-based employer must initiate the request for an alphabet visa on behalf of an Irish citizen. The US employer can be a company, corporation, individual, or partnership.
In the case of an entrepreneur E visa, the US employer can be a company set up by the Irish citizen. This is because the US and Ireland are parties to a Treaty of Commerce that provides visas to citizens of either county who invest in the other country. Future articles will explore the E visa category more fully.
[[quote:"Irish citizens in professions ranging from construction trades to information technology to office management and administration can be eligible for this type of J-1 visa.", pos:left]]>The J-I visa will be familiar to many Irish graduates. The “recent graduate” twelve month J-1 visa is available to Irish citizens within one year of graduating from a third level post secondary Irish college or university. What might not be as familiar is that there are several other types of J-1 visas. There are six, twelve and eighteen month J-1 visas available to Irish citizens, even if they have not completed a college or university degree. With the support and input from a U.S.-based employer, many Irish citizens in professions ranging from construction trades to information technology to office management and administration can be eligible for this type of J-1 visa.
Many Irish citizens will be familiar with the H-1B visa program. The H-1B is a six-year employment visa given at the request of an eligible US employer to a qualified job applicant. The program is subject to an annual quota and selection in recent years has been on a lottery basis because the demand has been greater than the quota available. The filing period is short, beginning on April 1 each year and running only a few days before the quota is filled.
What many people will be less familiar with are the H-2 and H-3 visa categories that do not have the same quota-based uncertainty. These H-2 and H-3 visas are available generally year round at the request of an eligible US employer. Similar to almost all the “alphabet” visas, H-2 and H-3 visas are specific to a specific employer for their duration – generally 12 to 24 months. H-2 visas allow U.S. employers to fill short term or seasonal needs with qualified workers. An example would be an unexpected spike in business activity or a temporary absence of a permanent employee.
Investor visas for entrepreneurs known as E-2 visas and trading company E-1 visas are particularly interesting and can offer Irish entrepreneurs access to U.S. markets. E-2 visas require the Irish citizen to set up a business in the US, capitalize that business with a realistic amount of working capital and lay out a five-year business plan with projections of growth in revenue and personnel. The idea is that such entrepreneurs will benefit the US economy through their presence and their business acumen. E-1 visas are similar but require that substantial trade will be conducted between the U.S. and Ireland by the Irish owned company. Small and medium sized enterprises are particularly encouraged to avail of the E-1 and E-2 visa programs.
Information visas, known as "I" visas are given to journalists and other media representatives of Irish-based media—newspapers, magazines, radio and television—who will be based in the US and who will report back on US matters of interest to their Irish audiences.
P visas are available to Irish performers coming to the US, individually or as a part of a group to perform in music, theater, multi-media etc. P visas are also available to certain athletes coming to compete in the U.S. either individually or as a member of a team. Generally P visa recipients are not employees of a US company, and consequently they need an agent or representative to initiate the visa process on their behalf. P-1 and P-3 visas are particularly suitable for artists who have pre-arranged performances scheduled in the US and who have artistic representation such as a management company, public relations organization or booking agent who will process the visa application. Support personnel such as non-performing technical and other essential tour personnel can be granted P-1S or P-3S support visas.
The O-1 visa is often referred to as the visa of the stars. This is because it is defined as the visa for people of outstanding ability and reputation in their field of endeavor. Many entertainment personalities avail of the O-1 visa; film, theater, television, music and other artistic luminaries are often beneficiaries of the O-1 visa. However, a little know fact is that the O-1 visa is available also to people in science, business and athletics. The standard is high and the application for an O-1 visa requires a lot of proof that the person is indeed outstanding in their profession.
The above is a very broad outline of some of the US visa categories available to Irish people. In future articles I will be expanding on some of the categories and will offer more detailed insight into the application and adjudication process.
James A. O’Malley is a principal in the law firm of O’Malley & Associates. He has been handling US visa and immigration matters for almost thirty years. He is a native of Limerick City and a graduate of Galway University.
299 Broadway, Suite 1305, New York, NY 10007, 212 6198387.
* Originally published in January 2014.
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0.922143 |
War of the Rebellion: Serial 006 Page 0628 OPERATION IN W. FLA., S. ALA., S. MISS., AND LA. Chapter XVI.
they did, and yet I doubt whether any other establishment in new Orleans, with their other engagements, could have completed it earlier than they did. I have mentioned the case of Mr. Clarke, a first-rate business man, who was delayed in making our side shafts some two months beyond the time he calculated. Leeds & Co., on February 18, agreed to make the iron rudder for the Mississippi; it was not completed on April 25. I doubt whether they or any other similar establishment in New Orleans performed any important contract within the time completed when they undertook it. I mention these facts to show that the difficulties encountered by these establishments were common to all.
Question. How many working days were lost from the commencement of the Mississippi to the passage of the forts, including Sundays at lost days?
Answer. Not one working day was lost except that already referred to, when the men were called out to military parade by the governor, and this was done against my personal request that they should be allowed to go on with the work. There were some rainy days, when the men could not work outside, but work was continued in the shops and under the sheds. I do not remember how many Sundays we worked, but, as a general rule, we worked every Sunday when we thought it necessary to forward the work. We also worked nights in the shops when necessary and we could get hands for the purpose.
Question. In how many days would the Mississippi have been completed, beyond all doubt, had not the city fallen?
Answer. In my opinion two weeks as the extreme. I know that some other men entertain a very different opinion, but it will be found on examination that they have formed their opinion without a sufficient knowledge of the particulars necessary to her completion. All the iron below the deck line was on; the iron for the upper works had all been cut, fitted, and assorted to its place. About one-third of it had been put on within two days, and the opinion of the workman in charge was that the remainder could be put on and bolted in six days. In less than that time the machinery could have been connected ready for steam, and the point doors, which were completed and hinged, put in place, and the rudder hung. The dock for putting in the side propeller shafts was completed and launched. The shafts had been completed and the propellers fitted to them, and the side bearings were completed ready to be bolted up. I suppose that ten days would be a full allowance for this work. We had men enough, including a large force of negroes, which we worked as a night gang, to handle iron plating and other labor, to carry on all the departments of the work together, and it could have been done without interference with each other. It will be seen, therefore, that in fixing the time of completion at two weeks I have allowed four days to cover contingencies.
I know that the public mind has been prejudiced against my brother and myself by unfounded rumors and mistaken reports, but I state, without fear of contradiction by those who know the facts, that our best energies of mind and body were devoted to this work from the beginning to the end, and tat we accomplished all that it was possible for us or for any other persons, with the means at our command, to do; and in this connection it is proper to state that the Secretary of the Navy, under whose orders we were acting, furnished us with all the means and facilities in his power, with repeated instructions to spare neither money nor men to forward the work, and that we obeyed the order in letter and spirit.
RICHMOND, VA., June 13, 1863.
the proceedings of yesterday were then read over.
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