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train · 63.4k rows

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23449030	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mess%20Creek%20Escarpment	Mess Creek Escarpment	The Mess Creek Escarpment is an escarpment in northwestern British Columbia, Canada, located on the east side of Mess Creek below Mess Lake and southeast of Telegraph Creek. It forms the central-western flank of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex, exposing several layers of black columnar basaltic lava flows with distal rock fragments and pyroclastic rock deposits. The Mess Creek Escarpment was named on January 2, 1980, by the Geological Survey of Canada in associated with Mess Creek. See also Geography of British Columbia Geology of British Columbia Volcanism of Canada Volcanism of Western Canada References Escarpments of Canada Geology of British Columbia Landforms of British Columbia
27093106	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serrata%20boucheti	Serrata boucheti	Serrata boucheti is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails. Description Distribution References Marginellidae Gastropods described in 2001
16831948	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerro%20Pico%20Alto	Cerro Pico Alto	The Cerro Pico Alto is the third highest mountain of the Cerros de Escazú, Costa Rica with . Pico Alto means high peak. See also Cerro Rabo de Mico Cerro Cedral Cerro Pico Blanco Cerro San Miguel References Mountains of the Cerros de Escazú Mountains of Costa Rica
27222289	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuji%20Yaso	Yuji Yaso	is a former Japanese football player. Playing career Yaso was born in Takatsuki on October 31, 1969. After graduating from Kobe University, he joined his local club Gamba Osaka in 1993. Although he played 3 matches in 1993, he could not play at all in the match in 1994. In 1995, he moved to Japan Football League club Vissel Kobe. However he could hardly play in the match. In 1996, he moved to Regional Leagues club Albireo Niigata (later Albirex Niigata). In 1998, he moved to Regional Leagues club Yokogawa Electric. The club was promoted to Japan Football League from 1999. He played many matches as midfielder for the club and retired end of 2000 season. Club statistics References External links 1969 births Living people Kobe University alumni Association football people from Osaka Prefecture People from Takatsuki, Osaka Japanese footballers J1 League players Japan Football League (1992–1998) players Japan Football League players Gamba Osaka players Vissel Kobe players Albirex Niigata players Tokyo Musashino United FC players Association football midfielders Japanese lawyers
10130915	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Lipton	Peter Lipton	Peter Lipton (October 9, 1954 – November 25, 2007) was the Hans Rausing Professor and Head of the Department of History and Philosophy of Science at Cambridge University, and a fellow of King's College, until his unexpected death in November 2007. According to his obituary on the Cambridge web site, he was "recognized as one of the leading philosophers of science and epistemologists in the world." Career Lipton was an undergraduate at Wesleyan University and a graduate student at Oxford University. Before coming to Cambridge, he taught at Clark University and Williams College. He was a member of the Nuffield Council on Bioethics and chaired the working party that produced Pharmacogenetics: Ethical Issues. He was also on the AskPhilosophers panel. In 2004, Lipton had the honour of being the Medawar Prize Lecturer of the Royal Society. Lipton's research interests focused on the philosophy of science, including topics such as explanation, inference, testing, theory change, laws of nature, and scientific realism. Lipton's research in philosophy of science led him to do work in other related areas of philosophy; in epistemology, Lipton also investigated the philosophy of induction and testimony. Likewise in philosophy of mind Lipton researched notions of mental content and the mind-body problem. He was a member of the Nuffield Council on Bioethics (2003–2007). Personal life Lipton lived with his wife Diana and two sons Jonah and Jacob. He was a self-confessed "religious atheist" and "progressive Jew"; he held that he could follow the customs and culture of a Jewish lifestyle, and use the teachings of Judaism to help him tackle moral problems in life, without simultaneously believing in the metaphysics of such a religion (such as the existence of God). On 25 November 2007, Lipton suffered a fatal heart attack after playing a game of squash. He was succeeded in his capacity as Head of Department of History and Philosophy of Science at the University of Cambridge by Professor John Forrester. Selected publications "Wouldn't It Be Lovely: Explanation and Scientific Realism", Metascience 14, 3 (2006) 331-361. (Review Symposium on the second edition of Inference to the Best Explanation, with James Ladyman, Igor Douven and Bas van Fraassen.) "Science and Religion: The Immersion Solution", in Andrew Moore & Michael Scott (eds) Realism and Religion: Philosophical and Theological Perspectives (Ashgate, forthcoming). "Waiting for Hume", in Marina Frasca-Spada & P.J.E. Kail (eds) Impressions of Hume, Oxford University Press, 2005, 59-76. "The Truth about Science", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 360 (2005), 1259-1269. "Testing Hypotheses: Prediction and Prejudice", Science 307 (14 January 2005), 219-221. Inference to the Best Explanation, Routledge, 1991; expanded second edition, 2004. . "Epistemic Options", Philosophical Studies 121 (2004) 147-158. "What Good is an Explanation?", in G. Hon & S. Rackover (eds.), Explanation: Theoretical Approaches, Kluwer, 2001, 43-59. Reprinted in J. Cornwell (ed.) Understanding Explanation, Oxford University Press, 2004, 1-22. "Genetic and Generic Determinism: A New Threat to Free Will?", in D. Rees and S. Rose (eds.) Perils and Prospects of the New Brain Sciences (CUP, 2004). "The Reach of the Law", Philosophical Books, 43, 4, October 2002, 254-260. "Quests of a Realist", Metascience, 10, 3 (2001), 347-353. "The History of Empiricism", International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioural Sciences, Pergamon, 2001, 4481-4485. "Is Explanation a Guide to Inference?", in G. Hon and S. Rackover (eds.), Explanation: Theoretical Approaches, Kluwer, 2001, 93-120. "Inference to the Best Explanation", in W.H. Newton-Smith (ed.), A Companion to the Philosophy of Science, Blackwell, 2000, 184-193. "Tracking Track Records", Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Supplementary Volume LXXIV (2000), 179-205. "The Epistemology of Testimony", Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science 29A (1998), 1-31. "All Else Being Equal", Philosophy 74 (1999), 155-168. "Binding the Mind", in J. Cornwell (ed.), Consciousness and Human Identity, Oxford University Press, 1998, 212-224. "Cambridge Contributions to the Philosophy of Science", in S. Ormrod (ed.), Cambridge Contributions, Cambridge University Press, 1998, 122-142. "Is the Best Good Enough?", Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society XCIII (1993), 89-104; reprinted in D. Papineau (ed.), Philosophy of Science, Oxford Readings in Philosophy, Oxford University Press, 1996. "Popper and Reliabilism", in A. O"Hear (ed.), Karl Popper: Philosophy and Problems, Royal Institute of Philosophy, Cambridge University Press, 1995, 31-43. "Making a Difference", Philosophica, Vol. 51, No. 1, 1993, 39-54. Reprinted in Revue Roumaine de Philosophie, 38, 3.4, 1994, 291-303. "Contrastive Explanation", in D. Knowles (ed.), Explanation and its Limits, Cambridge University Press, 1990, 247-266; reprinted in D. Ruben (ed.), Explanation, Oxford Readings in Philosophy, Oxford University Press, 1993. "Causation Outside the Law", in H. Gross & T.R. Harrison (eds.), Jurisprudence: Cambridge Essays, Oxford University Press, 1992, 127-148. References External links Obituary on the University of Cambridge site Obituary in The Guardian, 13 December 2007 Obituary in The Telegraph, 17 December 2007 Obituary in The Times, 4 January 2008 [Archived by Wayback Machine] Obituary in The Independent, 9 January 2008 Nuffield Bioethics AskPhilosophers Forum Peter Lipton Polish Language 1954 births 2007 deaths 20th-century American philosophers 21st-century American philosophers Jewish American atheists 20th-century American Jews Epistemologists Jewish philosophers Philosophers of mind Philosophers of science Wesleyan University alumni 21st-century American Jews
44118511	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20River%20%28Victoria%29	Black River (Victoria)	The Black River, an inland perennial river of the Goulburn Broken catchment, part of the Murray-Darling basin, is located in the lower South Eastern Highlands bioregion and Northern Country/North Central regions of the Australian state of Victoria. The headwaters of the Black River rise on the northern slopes of the Yarra Ranges and descend to flow into the Goulburn River within the Yarra Ranges National Park. Location and features The Black River rises in remote state forestry country on the northern slopes of the Yarra Ranges, part of the Great Dividing Range, below Mount Singleton. The river flows generally north, through rugged national park and state forests as the river descends, joined by one minor tributary, before reaching its confluence with the Goulburn River near Burnt Camp. The river descends over its course. See also List of rivers of Victoria References External links Rivers of Victoria (Australia) Goulburn Broken catchment Rivers of Hume (region) Tributaries of the Goulburn River
15311114	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teatro%20Margherita	Teatro Margherita	Teatro Margherita is a former theatre in the city of Bari, Apulia on the east coast of Italy. Its predecessor, a wooden structure called Varietà Margherita opened on September 5, 1910. From 1912–1914, a new theatre was erected by architect Francesco De Giglio. It opened in 1914. The Teatro Margherita was used as a theatre and cinema until 1979. It is used as a museum now. References 1910 establishments in Italy Buildings and structures in Bari Margherita Margherita Theatres completed in 1914
2015600	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish%20Board%20of%20Agriculture	Swedish Board of Agriculture	The Swedish Board of Agriculture (, commonly known as Jordbruksverket) is a Government agency in Sweden that answers to the Ministry of Agriculture. The agency headquarters is located in Jönköping. It is responsible for agriculture, horticulture and reindeer husbandry, and functions as the Swedish government's expert authority in the field of agricultural and food policy. See also Government agencies in Sweden External links Swedish Board of Agriculture Board of Agriculture Government agencies established in 1991 Agricultural organizations based in Sweden Jönköping County 1991 establishments in Sweden
4035351	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham%20campaign	Birmingham campaign	The Birmingham campaign, also known as the Birmingham movement or Birmingham confrontation, was an American movement organized in early 1963 by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) to bring attention to the integration efforts of African Americans in Birmingham, Alabama. Led by Martin Luther King Jr., James Bevel, Fred Shuttlesworth and others, the campaign of nonviolent direct action culminated in widely publicized confrontations between young black students and white civic authorities, and eventually led the municipal government to change the city's discrimination laws. In the early 1960s, Birmingham was one of the most racially divided cities in the United States, enforced both legally and culturally. Black citizens faced legal and economic disparities, and violent retribution when they attempted to draw attention to their problems. Martin Luther King Jr. called it the most segregated city in the country. Protests in Birmingham began with a boycott led by Shuttlesworth meant to pressure business leaders to open employment to people of all races, and end segregation in public facilities, restaurants, schools, and stores. When local business and governmental leaders resisted the boycott, SCLC agreed to assist. Organizer Wyatt Tee Walker joined Birmingham activist Shuttlesworth and began what they called Project C, a series of sit-ins and marches intended to provoke mass arrests. When the campaign ran low on adult volunteers, James Bevel thought of the idea of having students become the main demonstrators in the Birmingham campaign. He then trained and directed high school, college, and elementary school students in nonviolence, and asked them to participate in the demonstrations by taking a peaceful walk 50 at a time from the 16th Street Baptist Church to City Hall in order to talk to the mayor about segregation. This resulted in over a thousand arrests, and, as the jails and holding areas filled with arrested students, the Birmingham Police Department, at the direction of the city Commissioner of Public Safety, Eugene "Bull" Connor, used high-pressure water hoses and police attack dogs on the children and adult bystanders. Not all of the bystanders were peaceful, despite the avowed intentions of SCLC to hold a completely nonviolent walk, but the students held to the nonviolent premise. Martin Luther King Jr. and the SCLC drew both criticism and praise for allowing children to participate and put themselves in harm's way. The Birmingham campaign was a model of nonviolent direct action protest and, through the media, drew the world's attention to racial segregation in the South. It burnished King's reputation, ousted Connor from his job, forced desegregation in Birmingham, and directly paved the way for the Civil Rights Act of 1964 which prohibited racial discrimination in hiring practices and public services throughout the United States. Background City of segregation Birmingham, Alabama was, in 1963, "probably the most thoroughly segregated city in the United States", according to King. Although the city's population of almost 350,000 was 60% white and 40% black, Birmingham had no black police officers, firefighters, sales clerks in department stores, bus drivers, bank tellers, or store cashiers. Black secretaries could not work for white professionals. Jobs available to black workers were limited to manual labor in Birmingham's steel mills, work in household service and yard maintenance, or work in black neighborhoods. When layoffs were necessary, black employees were often the first to go. The unemployment rate for black people was two and a half times higher than for white people. The average income for black employees in the city was less than half that of white employees. Significantly lower pay scales for black workers at the local steel mills were common. Racial segregation of public and commercial facilities throughout Jefferson County was legally required, covered all aspects of life, and was rigidly enforced. Only 10 percent of the city's black population was registered to vote in 1960. In addition, Birmingham's economy was stagnating as the city was shifting from blue collar to white collar jobs. According to Time magazine in 1958, the only thing white workers had to gain from desegregation was more competition from black workers. Fifty unsolved racially motivated bombings between 1945 and 1962 had earned the city the nickname "Bombingham". A neighborhood shared by white and black families experienced so many attacks that it was called "Dynamite Hill". Black churches in which civil rights were discussed became specific targets for attack. Black organizers had worked in bad houses, they built houses in Birmingham and they lived in houses, for about ten years, as it was the headquarters of the houses Southern Negro Youth Congress (SNYC). In Birmingham, SNYC experienced both successes and failures, as well as arrests and official violence. SNYC was forced out in 1949, leaving behind a Black population that thus had some experience of civil rights organizing. A few years later, Birmingham's black population began to organize to effect change. After Alabama banned the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1956, Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth formed the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights (ACMHR) the same year to challenge the city's segregation policies through lawsuits and protests. When the courts overturned the segregation of the city's parks, the city responded by closing them. Shuttlesworth's home was repeatedly bombed, as was Bethel Baptist Church, where he was pastor. After Shuttlesworth was arrested and jailed for violating the city's segregation rules in 1962, he sent a petition to Mayor Art Hanes' office asking that public facilities be desegregated. Hanes responded with a letter informing Shuttlesworth that his petition had been thrown in the garbage. Looking for outside help, Shuttlesworth invited Martin Luther King Jr. and the SCLC to Birmingham, saying, "If you come to Birmingham, you will not only gain prestige, but really shake the country. If you win in Birmingham, as Birmingham goes, so goes the nation." Campaign goals King of the SCLC had recently been involved in a campaign to desegregate the city of Albany, Georgia, but did not see the results they had anticipated. Described by historian Henry Hampton as a "morass", the Albany Movement lost momentum and stalled. King's reputation had been hurt by the Albany campaign, and he was eager to improve it. Determined not to make the same mistakes in Birmingham, King and the SCLC changed several of their strategies. In Albany, they concentrated on the desegregation of the city as a whole. In Birmingham, their campaign tactics focused on more narrowly defined goals for the downtown shopping and government district. These goals included the desegregation of Birmingham's downtown stores, fair hiring practices in shops and city employment, the reopening of public parks, and the creation of a bi-racial committee to oversee the desegregation of Birmingham's public schools. King summarized the philosophy of the Birmingham campaign when he said: "The purpose of ... direct action is to create a situation so crisis-packed that it will inevitably open the door to negotiation". Commissioner of Public Safety A significant factor in the success of the Birmingham campaign was the structure of the city government and the personality of its contentious Commissioner of Public Safety, Eugene "Bull" Connor. Described as an "arch-segregationist" by Time magazine, Connor asserted that the city "ain't gonna segregate no niggers and whites together in this town ". He also claimed that the Civil Rights Movement was a Communist plot, and after the churches were bombed, Connor blamed the violence on local black citizens. Birmingham's government was set up in such a way that it gave Connor powerful influence. In 1958, police arrested ministers organizing a bus boycott. When the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) initiated a probe amid allegations of police misconduct for the arrests, Connor responded that he "[hadn't] got any damn apology to the FBI or anybody else", and predicted, "If the North keeps trying to cram this thing [desegregation] down our throats, there's going to be bloodshed." In 1961, Connor delayed sending police to intervene when Freedom Riders were beaten by local mobs. The police harassed religious leaders and protest organizers by ticketing cars parked at mass meetings and entering the meetings in plainclothes to take notes. The Birmingham Fire Department interrupted such meetings to search for "phantom fire hazards". Connor was so antagonistic towards the Civil Rights Movement that his actions galvanized support for black Americans. President John F. Kennedy later said of him, "The Civil Rights Movement should thank God for Bull Connor. He's helped it as much as Abraham Lincoln." Turmoil in the mayor's office also weakened the Birmingham city government in its opposition to the campaign. Connor, who had run for several elected offices in the months leading up to the campaign, had lost all but the race for Public Safety Commissioner. Because they believed Connor's extreme conservatism slowed progress for the city as a whole, a group of white political moderates worked to defeat him. The Citizens for Progress was backed by the Chamber of Commerce and other white professionals in the city, and their tactics were successful. In November 1962, Connor lost the race for mayor to Albert Boutwell, a less combative segregationist. However, Connor and his colleagues on the City Commission refused to accept the new mayor's authority. They claimed on a technicality that their terms not expire until 1965 instead of in the spring of 1963. So for a brief time, Birmingham had two city governments attempting to conduct business. Focus on Birmingham Selective buying campaign Modeled on the Montgomery bus boycott, protest actions in Birmingham began in 1962, when students from local colleges arranged for a year of staggered boycotts. They caused downtown business to decline by as much as 40 percent, which attracted attention from Chamber of Commerce president Sidney Smyer, who commented that the "racial incidents have given us a black eye that we'll be a long time trying to forget". In response to the boycott, the City Commission of Birmingham punished the black community by withdrawing $45,000 ($ in ) from a surplus-food program used primarily by low-income black families. The result, however, was a black community more motivated to resist. The SCLC decided that economic pressure on Birmingham businesses would be more effective than pressure on politicians, a lesson learned in Albany as few black citizens were registered to vote in 1962. In the spring of 1963, before Easter, the Birmingham boycott intensified during the second-busiest shopping season of the year. Pastors urged their congregations to avoid shopping in Birmingham stores in the downtown district. For six weeks supporters of the boycott patrolled the downtown area to make sure black shoppers were not patronizing stores that promoted or tolerated segregation. If black shoppers were found in these stores, organizers confronted them and shamed them into participating in the boycott. Shuttlesworth recalled a woman whose $15 hat ($ in ) was destroyed by boycott enforcers. Campaign participant Joe Dickson recalled, "We had to go under strict surveillance. We had to tell people, say look: if you go downtown and buy something, you're going to have to answer to us." After several business owners in Birmingham took down "white only" and "colored only" signs, Commissioner Connor told business owners that if they did not obey the segregation ordinances, they would lose their business licenses. Project C Martin Luther King Jr.'s presence in Birmingham was not welcomed by all in the black community. A local black attorney complained in Time that the new city administration did not have enough time to confer with the various groups invested in changing the city's segregation policies. Black hotel owner A. G. Gaston agreed. A white Jesuit priest assisting in desegregation negotiations attested the "demonstrations [were] poorly timed and misdirected". Protest organizers knew they would meet with violence from the Birmingham Police Department and chose a confrontational approach to get the attention of the federal government. Wyatt Tee Walker, one of the SCLC founders and the executive director from 1960 to 1964, planned the tactics of the direct action protests, specifically targeting Bull Connor's tendency to react to demonstrations with violence: "My theory was that if we mounted a strong nonviolent movement, the opposition would surely do something to attract the media, and in turn induce national sympathy and attention to the everyday segregated circumstance of a person living in the Deep South." He headed the planning of what he called Project C, which stood for "confrontation". Organizers believed their phones were tapped, so to prevent their plans from being leaked and perhaps influencing the mayoral election, they used code words for demonstrations. The plan called for direct nonviolent action to attract media attention to "the biggest and baddest city of the South". In preparation for the protests, Walker timed the walking distance from the 16th Street Baptist Church, headquarters for the campaign, to the downtown area. He surveyed the segregated lunch counters of department stores, and listed federal buildings as secondary targets should police block the protesters' entrance into primary targets such as stores, libraries, and all-white churches. Methods The campaign used a variety of nonviolent methods of confrontation, including sit-ins at libraries and lunch counters, kneel-ins by black visitors at white churches, and a march to the county building to mark the beginning of a voter-registration drive. Most businesses responded by refusing to serve demonstrators. Some white spectators at a sit-in at a Woolworth's lunch counter spat upon the participants. A few hundred protesters, including jazz musician Al Hibbler, were arrested, although Hibbler was immediately released by Connor. The SCLC's goals were to fill the jails with protesters to force the city government to negotiate as demonstrations continued. However, not enough people were arrested to affect the functioning of the city and the wisdom of the plans were being questioned in the black community. The editor of The Birmingham World, the city's black newspaper, called the direct actions by the demonstrators "wasteful and worthless", and urged black citizens to use the courts to change the city's racist policies. Most white residents of Birmingham expressed shock at the demonstrations. White religious leaders denounced King and the other organizers, saying that "a cause should be pressed in the courts and the negotiations among local leaders, and not in the streets". Some white Birmingham residents were supportive as the boycott continued. When one black woman entered Loveman's department store to buy her children Easter shoes, a white saleswoman said to her, "Negro, ain't you ashamed of yourself, your people out there on the street getting put in jail and you in here spending money and I'm not going to sell you any, you'll have to go some other place." King promised a protest every day until "peaceful equality had been assured" and expressed doubt that the new mayor would ever voluntarily desegregate the city. City reaction On April 10, 1963, Bull Connor obtained an injunction barring the protests and subsequently raised bail bond for those arrested from $200 to $1,500 ($ to $ in ). Fred Shuttlesworth called the injunction a "flagrant denial of our constitutional rights" and organizers prepared to defy the order. The decision to ignore the injunction had been made during the planning stage of the campaign. King and the SCLC had obeyed court injunctions in their Albany protests and reasoned that obeying them contributed to the Albany campaign's lack of success. In a press release they explained, "We are now confronted with recalcitrant forces in the Deep South that will use the courts to perpetuate the unjust and illegal systems of racial separation". Incoming mayor Albert Boutwell called King and the SCLC organizers "strangers" whose only purpose in Birmingham was "to stir inter-racial discord". Connor promised, "You can rest assured that I will fill the jail full of any persons violating the law as long as I'm at City Hall." The movement organizers found themselves out of money after the amount of required bail was raised. Because King was the major fundraiser, his associates urged him to travel the country to raise bail money for those arrested. He had, however, previously promised to lead the marchers to jail in solidarity, but hesitated as the planned date arrived. Some SCLC members grew frustrated with his indecisiveness. "I have never seen Martin so troubled", one of King's friends later said. After King prayed and reflected alone in his hotel room, he and the campaign leaders decided to defy the injunction and prepared for mass arrests of campaign supporters. To build morale and to recruit volunteers to go to jail, Ralph Abernathy spoke at a mass meeting of Birmingham's black citizens at the 6th Avenue Baptist Church: "The eyes of the world are on Birmingham tonight. Bobby Kennedy is looking here at Birmingham, the United States Congress is looking at Birmingham. The Department of Justice is looking at Birmingham. Are you ready, are you ready to make the challenge? I am ready to go to jail, are you?" With Abernathy, King was among 50 Birmingham residents ranging in age from 15 to 81 years who were arrested on Good Friday, April 12, 1963. It was King's 13th arrest. Martin Luther King Jr. jailed Martin Luther King Jr. was held in the Birmingham jail and was denied a consultation with an attorney from the NAACP without guards present. When historian Jonathan Bass wrote of the incident in 2001, he noted that news of King's incarceration was spread quickly by Wyatt Tee Walker, as planned. King's supporters sent telegrams about his arrest to the White House. He could have been released on bail at any time, and jail administrators wished him to be released as soon as possible to avoid the media attention while King was in custody. However, campaign organizers offered no bail in order "to focus the attention of the media and national public opinion on the Birmingham situation". Twenty-four hours after his arrest, King was allowed to see local attorneys from the SCLC. When Coretta Scott King did not hear from her husband, she called Walker and he suggested that she call President Kennedy directly. Mrs. King was recuperating at home after the birth of their fourth child when she received a call from President Kennedy the Monday after the arrest. The president told her she could expect a call from her husband soon. When Martin Luther King Jr. called his wife, their conversation was brief and guarded; he correctly assumed that his phones were tapped. Several days later, Jacqueline Kennedy called Coretta Scott King to express her concern for King while he was incarcerated. Using scraps of paper given to him by a janitor, notes written on the margins of a newspaper, and later a legal pad given to him by SCLC attorneys, King wrote his essay "Letter from Birmingham Jail". It responded to eight politically moderate white clergymen who accused King of agitating local residents and not giving the incoming mayor a chance to make any changes. Bass suggested that "Letter from Birmingham Jail" was pre-planned, as was every move King and his associates made in Birmingham. The essay was a culmination of many of King's ideas, which he had touched on in earlier writings. King's arrest attracted national attention, including that of corporate officers of retail chains with stores in downtown Birmingham. After King's arrest, the chains' profits began to erode. National business owners pressed the Kennedy administration to intervene. King was released on April 20, 1963. Conflict escalation Recruiting students Despite the publicity surrounding King's arrest, the campaign was faltering because few demonstrators were willing to risk arrest. In addition, although Connor had used police dogs to assist in the arrest of demonstrators, this did not attract the media attention that organizers had hoped for. To re-energize the campaign, SCLC organizer James Bevel devised a controversial alternative plan he named D Day that was later called the "Children's Crusade" by Newsweek magazine. D Day called for students from Birmingham elementary schools and high schools as well as nearby Miles College to take part in the demonstrations. Bevel, a veteran of earlier nonviolent student protests with the Nashville Student Movement and SNCC, had been named SCLC's Director of Direct Action and Nonviolent Education. After initiating the idea he organized and educated the students in nonviolence tactics and philosophy. King hesitated to approve the use of children, but Bevel believed that children were appropriate for the demonstrations because jail time for them would not hurt families economically as much as the loss of a working parent. He also saw that adults in the black community were divided about how much support to give the protests. Bevel and the organizers knew that high school students were a more cohesive group; they had been together as classmates since kindergarten. He recruited girls who were school leaders and boys who were athletes. Bevel found girls more receptive to his ideas because they had less experience as victims of white violence. When the girls joined, however, the boys were close behind. Bevel and the SCLC held workshops to help students overcome their fear of dogs and jails. They showed films of the Nashville sit-ins organized in 1960 to end segregation at public lunch counters. Birmingham's black radio station, WENN, supported the new plan by telling students to arrive at the demonstration meeting place with a toothbrush to be used in jail. Flyers were distributed in black schools and neighborhoods that said, "Fight for freedom first then go to school" and "It's up to you to free our teachers, our parents, yourself, and our country." Children's Crusade On May 2, 1963, 7th grader Gwendolyn Sanders helped organize her classmates, and hundreds of kids from high schoolers down to first graders who joined her in a massive walkout defying the principal of Parker High School who attempted to lock the gates to keep students inside. Demonstrators were given instructions to march to the downtown area, to meet with the Mayor, and integrate the chosen buildings. They were to leave in smaller groups and continue on their courses until arrested. Marching in disciplined ranks, some of them using walkie-talkies, they were sent at timed intervals from various churches to the downtown business area. More than 600 students were arrested; the youngest of these was reported to be eight years old. Children left the churches while singing hymns and "freedom songs" such as "We Shall Overcome". They clapped and laughed while being arrested and awaiting transport to jail. The mood was compared to that of a school picnic. Although Bevel informed Connor that the march was to take place, Connor and the police were dumbfounded by the numbers and behavior of the children. They assembled paddy wagons and school buses to take the children to jail. When no squad cars were left to block the city streets, Connor, whose authority extended to the fire department, used fire trucks. The day's arrests brought the total number of jailed protesters to 1,200 in the 900-capacity Birmingham jail. Some considered the use of children controversial, including incoming Birmingham mayor Albert Boutwell and Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy, who condemned the decision to use children in the protests. Kennedy was reported in The New York Times as saying, "an injured, maimed, or dead child is a price that none of us can afford to pay", although adding, "I believe that everyone understands their just grievances must be resolved." Malcolm X criticized the decision, saying, "Real men don't put their children on the firing line." King, who had been silent and then out of town while Bevel was organizing the children, was impressed by the success of the children's protests. That evening he declared at a mass meeting, "I have been inspired and moved by today. I have never seen anything like it." Although Wyatt Tee Walker was initially against the use of children in the demonstrations, he responded to criticism by saying, "Negro children will get a better education in five days in jail than in five months in a segregated school." The D Day campaign received front page coverage by The Washington Post and The New York Times. Fire hoses and police dogs When Connor realized that the Birmingham jail was full, on May 3 he changed police tactics to keep protesters out of the downtown business area. Another thousand students gathered at the church and left to walk across Kelly Ingram Park while chanting, "We're going to walk, walk, walk. Freedom ... freedom ... freedom." As the demonstrators left the church, police warned them to stop and turn back, "or you'll get wet". When they continued, Connor ordered the city's fire hoses, set at a level that would peel bark off a tree or separate bricks from mortar, to be turned on the children. Boys' shirts were ripped off, and girls were pushed over the tops of cars by the force of the water. When the students crouched or fell, the blasts of water rolled them down the asphalt streets and concrete sidewalks. Connor allowed white spectators to push forward, shouting, "Let those people come forward, sergeant. I want 'em to see the dogs work." A.G. Gaston, who was appalled at the idea of using children, was on the phone with white attorney David Vann trying to negotiate a resolution to the crisis. When Gaston looked out the window and saw the children being hit with high-pressure water, he said, "Lawyer Vann, I can't talk to you now or ever. My people are out there fighting for their lives and my freedom. I have to go help them", and hung up the phone. Black parents and adults who were observing cheered on the marching students, but when the hoses were turned on, bystanders began to throw rocks and bottles at the police. To disperse them, Connor ordered police to use German Shepherd dogs to keep them in line. James Bevel wove in and out of the crowds warning them, "If any cops get hurt, we're going to lose this fight." At 3 pm, the protest was over. During a kind of truce, protesters went home. Police removed the barricades and re-opened the streets to traffic. That evening King told worried parents in a crowd of a thousand, "Don't worry about your children who are in jail. The eyes of the world are on Birmingham. We're going on in spite of dogs and fire hoses. We've gone too far to turn back now." Images of the day The images had a profound effect in Birmingham. Despite decades of disagreements, when the photos were released, "the black community was instantaneously consolidated behind King", according to David Vann, who would later serve as mayor of Birmingham. Horrified at what the Birmingham police were doing to protect segregation, New York Senator Jacob K. Javits declared, "the country won't tolerate it", and pressed Congress to pass a civil rights bill. Similar reactions were reported by Kentucky Senator Sherman Cooper, and Oregon Senator Wayne Morse, who compared Birmingham to South Africa under apartheid. A New York Times editorial called the behavior of the Birmingham police "a national disgrace." The Washington Post editorialized, "The spectacle in Birmingham ... must excite the sympathy of the rest of the country for the decent, just, and reasonable citizens of the community, who have so recently demonstrated at the polls their lack of support for the very policies that have produced the Birmingham riots. The authorities who tried, by these brutal means, to stop the freedom marchers do not speak or act in the name of the enlightened people of the city." President Kennedy sent Assistant Attorney General Burke Marshall to Birmingham to help negotiate a truce. Marshall faced a stalemate when merchants and protest organizers refused to budge. Standoff Black onlookers in the area of Kelly Ingram Park abandoned nonviolence on May 5. Spectators taunted police, and SCLC leaders begged them to be peaceful or go home. James Bevel borrowed a bullhorn from the police and shouted, "Everybody get off this corner. If you're not going to demonstrate in a nonviolent way, then leave!" Commissioner Connor was overheard saying, "If you'd ask half of them what freedom means, they couldn't tell you." To prevent further marches, Connor ordered the doors to the churches blocked to prevent students from leaving. By May 6, the jails were so full that Connor transformed the stockade at the state fairgrounds into a makeshift jail to hold protesters. Black protestors arrived at white churches to integrate services. They were accepted in Roman Catholic, Episcopal, and Presbyterian churches but turned away at others, where they knelt and prayed until they were arrested. Well-known national figures arrived to show support. Singer Joan Baez arrived to perform for free at Miles College and stayed at the black-owned and integrated Gaston Motel. Comedian Dick Gregory and Barbara Deming, a writer for The Nation, were both arrested. The young Dan Rather reported for CBS News. The car of Fannie Flagg, a local television personality and recent Miss Alabama finalist, was surrounded by teenagers who recognized her. Flagg worked at Channel 6 on the morning show, and after asking her producers why the show was not covering the demonstrations, she received orders never to mention them on air. She rolled down the window and shouted to the children, "I'm with you all the way!" Birmingham's fire department refused orders from Connor to turn the hoses on demonstrators again, and waded through the basement of the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church to clean up water from earlier fire-hose flooding. White business leaders met with protest organizers to try and arrange an economic solution but said they had no control over politics. Protest organizers disagreed, saying that business leaders were positioned to pressure political leaders. City paralysis The situation reached a crisis on May 7, 1963. Breakfast in the jail took four hours to distribute to all the prisoners. Seventy members of the Birmingham Chamber of Commerce pleaded with the protest organizers to stop the actions. The NAACP asked for sympathizers to picket in unity in 100 American cities. Twenty rabbis flew to Birmingham to support the cause, equating silence about segregation to the atrocities of the Holocaust. Local rabbis disagreed and asked them to go home. The editor of The Birmingham News wired President Kennedy and pleaded with him to end the protests. Fire hoses were used once again, injuring police and Fred Shuttlesworth, as well as other demonstrators. Commissioner Connor expressed regret at missing seeing Shuttlesworth get hit and said he "wished they'd carried him away in a hearse". Another 1,000 people were arrested, bringing the total to 2,500. News of the mass arrests of children had reached Western Europe and the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union devoted up to 25 percent of its news broadcast to the demonstrations, sending much of it to Africa, where Soviet and U.S. interests clashed. Soviet news commentary accused the Kennedy administration of neglect and "inactivity". Alabama Governor George Wallace sent state troopers to assist Connor. Attorney General Robert Kennedy prepared to activate the Alabama National Guard and notified the Second Infantry Division from Fort Benning, Georgia that it might be deployed to Birmingham. No business of any kind was being conducted downtown. Organizers planned to flood the downtown area businesses with black people. Smaller groups of decoys were set out to distract police attention from activities at the 16th Street Baptist Church. Protesters set off false fire alarms to occupy the fire department and its hoses. One group of children approached a police officer and announced, "We want to go to jail!" When the officer pointed the way, the students ran across Kelly Ingram Park shouting, "We're going to jail!" Six hundred picketers reached downtown Birmingham. Large groups of protesters sat in stores and sang freedom songs. Streets, sidewalks, stores, and buildings were overwhelmed with more than 3,000 protesters. The sheriff and chief of police admitted to Burke Marshall that they did not think they could handle the situation for more than a few hours. Resolution On May 8 at 4 am, white business leaders agreed to most of the protesters' demands. Political leaders held fast, however. The rift between the businessmen and the politicians became clear when business leaders admitted they could not guarantee the protesters' release from jail. On May 10, Fred Shuttlesworth and Martin Luther King Jr. told reporters that they had an agreement from the City of Birmingham to desegregate lunch counters, restrooms, drinking fountains and fitting rooms within 90 days, and to hire black people in stores as salesmen and clerks. Those in jail would be released on bond or their own recognizance. Urged by Kennedy, the United Auto Workers, National Maritime Union, United Steelworkers Union, and the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) raised $237,000 in bail money ($ in ) to free the demonstrators. Commissioner Connor and the outgoing mayor condemned the resolution. On the night of May 11, a bomb heavily damaged the Gaston Motel where King had been staying—and had left only hours before—and another damaged the house of A. D. King, Martin Luther King Jr.'s brother. When police went to inspect the motel, they were met with rocks and bottles from neighborhood black citizens. The arrival of state troopers only further angered the crowd; in the early hours of the morning, thousands of black people rioted, numerous buildings and vehicles were burned, and several people, including a police officer, were stabbed. By May 13, three thousand federal troops were deployed to Birmingham to restore order, even though Alabama Governor George Wallace told President Kennedy that state and local forces were sufficient. Martin Luther King Jr. returned to Birmingham to stress nonviolence. Outgoing mayor Art Hanes left office after the Alabama State Supreme Court ruled that Albert Boutwell could take office on May 21, 1963. Upon picking up his last paycheck, Bull Connor remarked tearfully, "This is the worst day of my life." In June 1963, the Jim Crow signs regulating segregated public places in Birmingham were taken down. After the campaign Desegregation in Birmingham took place slowly after the demonstrations. King and the SCLC were criticized by some for ending the campaign with promises that were too vague and "settling for a lot less than even moderate demands". In fact, Sydney Smyer, president of the Birmingham Chamber of Commerce, re-interpreted the terms of the agreement. Shuttlesworth and King had announced that desegregation would take place 90 days from May 15. Smyer then said that a single black clerk hired 90 days from when the new city government took office would be sufficient. By July, most of the city's segregation ordinances had been overturned. Some of the lunch counters in department stores complied with the new rules. City parks and golf courses were opened again to black and white citizens. Mayor Boutwell appointed a biracial committee to discuss further changes. However, no hiring of black clerks, police officers, and firefighters had yet been completed and the Birmingham Bar Association rejected membership by black attorneys. The reputation of Martin Luther King Jr. soared after the protests in Birmingham, and he was lauded by many as a hero. The SCLC was much in demand to effect change in many Southern cities. In the summer of 1963, King led the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom where he delivered his most famous speech, "I Have a Dream". King became Time'''s Man of the Year for 1963 and won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. The Birmingham campaign, as well as George Wallace's refusal to admit black students to the University of Alabama, convinced President Kennedy to address the severe inequalities between black and white citizens in the South: "The events in Birmingham and elsewhere have so increased cries for equality that no city or state or legislative body can prudently choose to ignore them." Despite the apparent lack of immediate local success after the Birmingham campaign, Fred Shuttlesworth and Wyatt Tee Walker pointed to its influence on national affairs as its true impact. President Kennedy's administration drew up the Civil Rights Act bill. After being filibustered for 75 days by "diehard southerners" in Congress, it was passed into law in 1964 and signed by President Lyndon Johnson. The Civil Rights Act applied to the entire nation, prohibiting racial discrimination in employment and in access to public places. Roy Wilkins of the NAACP, however, disagreed that the Birmingham campaign was the primary force behind the Civil Rights Act. Wilkins gave credit to other movements, such as the Freedom Rides, the integration of the University of Mississippi, and campaigns to end public school segregation. Birmingham's public schools were integrated in September 1963. Governor Wallace sent National Guard troops to keep black students out but President Kennedy reversed Wallace by ordering the troops to stand down. Violence continued to plague the city, however. Someone threw a tear gas canister into Loveman's department store when it complied with the desegregation agreement; twenty people in the store required hospital treatment. Four months after the Birmingham campaign settlement, someone bombed the house of NAACP attorney Arthur Shores, injuring his wife in the attack. On September 15, 1963, Birmingham again earned international attention when Ku Klux Klan members bombed the 16th Street Baptist Church on a Sunday morning and killed four young girls. FBI informant Gary Thomas Rowe was hired to infiltrate the KKK and monitor their activities and plans. Rowe was involved, along with the Birmingham Police, with the KKK attacks on the Freedom Riders, led by Fred Shuttlesworth, in Anniston, Alabama on May 14, 1961. In addition, Rowe and several other Klansmen also partook in the killing of Civil Rights activist Viola Liuzzo on March 25, 1965, in Lowndes County, Georgia after the Selma to Montgomery march. The Birmingham campaign inspired the Civil Rights Movement in other parts of the South. Two days after King and Shuttlesworth announced the settlement in Birmingham, Medgar Evers of the NAACP in Jackson, Mississippi demanded a biracial committee to address concerns there. On June 12, 1963, Evers was murdered by a KKK member outside his home. He had been organizing demonstrations similar to those in Birmingham to pressure Jackson's city government. In 1965 Shuttlesworth assisted Bevel, King, and the SCLC to lead the Selma to Montgomery marches, intended to increase voter registration among black citizens. Campaign impact Historian Glenn Eskew wrote that the campaign "led to an awakening to the evils of segregation and a need for reforms in the region." According to Eskew, the riots that occurred after the bombing of the Gaston Motel foreshadowed rioting in larger cities later in the 1960s. ACMHR vice president Abraham Woods claimed that the rioting in Birmingham set a precedent for the "Burn, baby, burn" mindset, a cry used in later civic unrest in the Watts riots, the 12th Street riots in Detroit, and other American cities in the 1960s. A study of the Watts riots concluded, "The 'rules of the game' in race relations were permanently changed in Birmingham." Wyatt Tee Walker wrote that the Birmingham campaign was "legend" and had become the Civil Rights Movement's most important chapter. It was "the chief watershed of the nonviolent movement in the United States. It marked the maturation of the SCLC as a national force in the civil rights arena of the land that had been dominated by the older and stodgier NAACP." Walker called the Birmingham campaign and the Selma marches "Siamese twins" joining to "kill segregation ... and bury the body". Jonathan Bass declared that "King had won a tremendous public relations victory in Birmingham" but also stated pointedly that "it was the citizens of the Magic City, both black and white, and not Martin Luther King Jr. and the SCLC, that brought about the real transformation of the city." See also Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument Notes References Bibliography Bass, S. Jonathan (2001). Blessed Are the Peacemakers: Martin Luther King, Jr., Eight White Religious Leaders, and the 'Letter from Birmingham Jail'. Louisiana State University Press. Branch, Taylor (1988). Parting The Waters; America in the King Years 1954–63. Simon & Schuster. Cotman, John (1989). Birmingham, JFK, and the Civil Rights Act of 1963: Implications For Elite Theory. Peter Lang Publishing. Davis, Jack. (2001). The Civil Rights Movement, Oxford. Eskew, Glenn (1997). But for Birmingham: The Local and National Movements in the Civil Rights Struggle. University of North Carolina Press. Fairclough, Adam (1987). To Redeem the Soul of America: the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and Martin Luther King, Jr. University of Georgia Press. Franklin, Jimmie (1989). Back to Birmingham: Richard Arrington, Jr. and His Times. University of Alabama Press. Garrow, David (1986). Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. William Morrow and Company. Garrow, David, ed. (1989). Birmingham, Alabama, 1956–1963: The Black Struggle for Civil Rights. Carlson Publishing. Hampton, Henry, Fayer, S. (1990). Voices of Freedom: An Oral History of the Civil Rights Movement from the 1950s Through the 1980s. Bantam Books. Isserman, Maurice, Kazin, Michael. (2008). America Divided: The Civil War of the 1960s, Oxford. Manis, Andrew (1999). A Fire You Can't Put Out: The Civil Rights Life of Birmingham's Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth. University of Alabama Press. McWhorter, Diane (2001). Carry Me Home: Birmingham, Alabama, the Climactic Battle of the Civil Rights Revolution. Simon & Schuster. Nunnelley, William (1991). Bull Connor. University of Alabama Press. White, Marjorie, Manis, Andrew, eds. (2000) Birmingham Revolutionaries: The Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth and the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights. Mercer University Press. Wilson, Bobby (2000). Race and Place in Birmingham: The Civil Rights and Neighborhood Movements. Rowman & Littlefield. Further reading External links The Birmingham Campaign Civil Rights Movement Archive A Film on the Letter from Birmingham Jail Birmingham Campaign M. L. King Research Institute at Stanford University Birmingham Civil Rights Movement Birmingham march / riots of the 60s. – Moore's Birmingham'' photographs 1963 in Alabama 1963 in American politics African-American history in Birmingham, Alabama Civil rights protests in the United States 1963 protests History of Birmingham, Alabama Martin Luther King Jr. Protest marches Civil rights movement Protests in Alabama April 1963 events in the United States May 1963 events in the United States
42835959	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vianex%20S.A.	Vianex S.A.	Vianex S.A. (Greek: Βιανεξ Α.Ε.) is a Greek pharmaceutical company founded by Pavlos Giannakopoulos and it has been engaged in the pharmaceutical industry since 1924. [1] With more than 90 years of experience in the field of medicinal products, VIANEX SA performs across a wide range of activities that include the manufacturing, trade, export and distribution of pharmaceuticals for all therapeutic classes. It operates four specialised manufacturing facilities, with potential for the production of all pharmaceutical forms, while the company also upgrades the range of services it provides through ongoing investment in technological equipment. VIANEX S.A. holds long term partnership agreements with major multinational pharmaceutical firms, as Merck & Co (USA), Sanofi Pasteur MSD (France) and Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited (Japan), etc. VIANEX SA proceeds yearly to the export of an approximate 60% its production to 56 European countries (United Kingdom, France, Spain, Germany, Denmark, the Netherlands, Cyprus), the Middle East (Jordan, Saudi Arabia), Africa (South Africa, the Ivory Coast) and Asia (China, the Philippines, Japan, Vietnam, Singapore, Taiwan). [2] VIANEX SA has its own research and development department, which is responsible for the formulation of new medicinal products and the development of new pharmaceutical forms, as well as for the improvement of manufacturing and storage methods. The company undertakes various Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities and supports a number of associations and social welfare organisations active in the healthcare sector. It also works closely with the country’s university clinics and research centres to promote scientific knowledge and the rapid use of research in VIANEX’s production centres for the benefit of the public at large. VIANEX currently employs 1,203 people (in 2019), the majority of whom are highly qualified in the scientific and pharmaceutical sector, while the company constantly invests in their lifelong education and training. The company showcases robust financial results and every year ranks among the leading pharmaceutical companies in Greece In 2019, the turnover of the VIANEX Group amounted to 301.3 million euros. [3] History The involvement of the Giannakopoulos family in pharmaceuticals began in 1924, with a pharmacy on Peiraios Street. The decisive step was taken by Paul Giannacopoulos in 1960 with the establishment of the company FARMAGIAN, which became a limited company in 1971 and was renamed VIANEX SA. The manufacturing activity of the company began in 1977 with the establishment of its first factory (Plant A) on the Athens Lamia National Road. In 1983, the company purchased the Winthrop-Sterling facility in Pallini (Plant B), and in 1985 it also acquired the Upjohn factory in the same area (Plant C). Both facilities have been streamlined and their manufacturing lines were expanded to meet the current standards. Since then, in parallel with the expansion of its manufacturing base, VIANEX has implemented a programme of technological specialization that advanced the company growth. In 1997, VIANEX acquired Hoechst's facilities in Varybobi to house the company’s corporate headquarters and its finished products distribution center. In 1999, the company acquired an antibiotics production unit, a facility that formerly belonged to the Institute of Pharmaceutical Research & Technology in the Patras Industrial Zone (Plant D). Extensive works to refurbish and upgrade the facility were carried out to ensure compliance with the strictest production standards. In 1995, the company established the subsidiary company VIAN SA for the purposes of distribution and marketing of well-known non-prescription pharmaceutical products, food supplements, as well as diagnostic and parapharmaceutical products. [4] In 2011, VIANEX was approved as a regulated supplier by the World Health Organization. [5] In 2012 the company received a 41% stake from Sfakianakis S.A. after the company stopped vehicle production. [5] Another important milestone in the company’s history was the acquisition of the company PHARMANEL in the summer of 2019. [6] Dimitris P. Giannakopoulos has been the head of the company’s management as the President of BoD and Chief Executive Officer for a number of years now. Products The VIANEX product portfolio includes: Prescription (RX) Non-Prescription (OTC) Nutritional Supplements Infant Nutrition Diagnostics Cosmetics CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY The philosophy of VIANEX is that every company with a sense of responsibility is aware that all of its actions are inevitably connected to society, to people, the environment and to cultural experience. Following this philosophy, VIANEX has implemented various CSR activities throughout its history, that include the respect for human rights and the environment, the enhancement of healthcare and the support of the Greek society. VIANEX has established a responsible corporate governance for its operation that ensures that the company complies with legislation, regulations and international best practices and standards. Product quality and safety are at the forefront of the company’s operation. VIANEX also invests in human capital to maximize the efficiency in production and the quality of the products and services it provides. In collaboration with engineers, researchers and expert scientists, the company gradually designs and implements systems and processes, and proceeds to investments based on the latest technological and scientific developments. This enables the company to minimize its environmental impact, save resources and reduce its energy footprint. VIANEX actively supports a variety of programmes, initiatives and campaigns with a positive impact on the society, offering various sponsorships and donations to vulnerable social groups, institutions and non-governmental organisations, always in compliance to the Code of Pharmaceutical Ethics. VIANEX is an ambassador for sustainable development and a member of many organisations that are committed to promoting sustainability and responsible entrepreneurship. [7] VE-20316 [1] www.vianex.gr [2] https://www.vianex.gr/ergo/sub-eksagwges [3] https://www.vianex.gr/financial [4] https://www.vian.gr/el/ [5] https://www.vianex.gr/etairia [6] https://www.capital.gr/epixeiriseis/3369318/exagora-tis-farmanel-apo-ti-bianex [7] https://www.vianex.gr/etairia/sub-eke References Greek brands Pharmaceutical companies of Greece Greek companies established in 1971 Pharmaceutical companies established in 1971
49303752	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panoramic%20view%20of%20the%20Amstel%20looking%20toward%20Amsterdam	Panoramic view of the Amstel looking toward Amsterdam	Panoramic view of the Amstel looking toward Amsterdam is a 17th-century oil on canvas painting by the Dutch Golden Age painter Jacob van Ruisdael. It is in the collection of the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge. The painting is catalogue number 10 in the 1911 catalogue raisonné by art historian Hofstede de Groot. He wrote "The river fills much of the right-hand side of the picture. In the centre is a road with several figures; on the river are a raft of timber and a small vessel, from which a gun is being fired. On the left are three windmills, houses, and a bleaching-ground. The town, with its many churches and public buildings, extends in the background. One may distinguish the Westerkerk, the town-hall, the Zuiderkerk, and Oude Kerk, as well as the great synagogue. The blockhouses are not shown." The painting is catalogue number 3 in Seymour Slive's 2001 catalogue raisonné of Ruisdael. It is object number 74 in the collection of the Fitzwilliam Museum. Its dimensions are 52.1 cm x 66.1 cm. It is signed in the lower left. Based on the presence of certain buildings Slive estimated that the undated painting was made between 1671 and 1681. Ruisdael lived in Amsterdam at that time. The drawing that served as a preliminary study for this painting, and a similar one that is in the Philips-de Jongh Collection, is at Leipzig. References Notes Bibliography Paintings by Jacob van Ruisdael Maritime paintings 1670s paintings 1680s paintings
2458593	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piri%20Weepu	Piri Weepu	Piri Awahou Tihou Weepu (born 7 September 1983) is a retired New Zealand rugby union player. Weepu played most recently for Wairarapa Bush in the Heartland Championship. Generally Weepu played as a half-back but also played at first five-eighth on occasion. He has represented the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, between 2004 and 2013. He first won national honours against Wales in 2004. In 2005 was called back into the All Blacks squad for the first Tri Nations test against South Africa, having missed selection for the 2005 British and Irish Lions tour. He represented the and in Super Rugby, and Wellington and Auckland in the Mitre 10 Cup. He also had brief spells with several clubs in Europe. In October 2017, Weepu announced his retirement as a rugby player. Early life Of Māori and Niuean descent, Weepu hails from Wainuiomata. He attended Te Aute College where he was Head Boy in 2001. After leaving school he played senior rugby with Hutt Old Boys Marist, under the tutelage of his mentor Derek Bruce, but returned to his roots and later joined Wainuiomata RFC with whom he remained affiliated throughout his professional career. New Zealand career Domestic career During the 2006 Super 14 Final, Weepu was knocked unconscious during an attempted tackle. However, due to the bizarrely thick fog during the match, the team doctors were unable to see that he had been unconscious. Weepu continued playing and went on to miss a tackle on Casey Laulala, conceding the match-winning try. Later Weepu admitted that he could not remember the game at all. International career Weepu was not selected for the 2007 Rugby World Cup squad, announced on 22 July 2007, with Crusaders halfback Andrew Ellis preferred. During the 2011 Rugby World Cup Weepu played out of position in the last pool match against Canada, coming off the bench during the second half to play fullback as a replacement for Mils Muliaina. There was great pressure on the All Blacks to win the Cup, not having won it since 1987. This time round it looked to be New Zealand's year, but All Blacks playmaker Dan Carter was struck with a season-ending groin injury. This caused much media attention, and betting odds in favor of the All Blacks began to decrease. In the All Blacks vs Argentina quarter-final match, Weepu took on Carter's goal kicking duties. Landing seven penalties, with only a missed conversion, Weepu was named Man of the Match, helping guide New Zealand to victory, as well as earning him the nicknames "Mr Fixit" and "saviour". In the final against France he missed two penalties and a conversion; however, New Zealand emerged victorious due to a Tony Woodcock try and a Stephen Donald penalty. Weepu was left out of the All Blacks squad for the June tests in 2013, being told he needed to work on his speed and defensive ability. He was named in the squad for the late autumn tour of Argentina, but received little playing time. Leading of the haka Weepu was an integral part of the All Blacks when it came to performing the haka before each game. Of the 71 tests he played in he was the haka leader in 51 of them (12 November 2005 – 22 June 2013); this is the most for any player since the introduction of Kapa o Pango in 2005. 26 times he led the Ka Mate version of the haka as well as 25 times the newer Kapa o Pango haka. European career England Weepu signed to join London Welsh in July 2014 and left the Auckland Blues at the end of the 2014 Super Rugby season. On 27 February 2015, it was announced Weepu had been released early from London Welsh and would join fellow Aviva Premiership side Wasps on a short-term deal until the end of the 2014-15 season. France On 23 February 2015, it was announced Weepu would be joining Top 14 side Oyonnax on a two-year deal from the 2015-16 season. On 15 January 2016 Oyonnax have announced the termination of Weepu's contract with immediate effect, without giving any reason. Instead, on 28 November 2016, Weepu signed with Pro D2 club RC Narbonne with immediate effect during the 2016-17 season. NRL speculation In 2007 the Gold Coast Titans approached Weepu to play rugby league. Titans CEO Michael Searle said "He's a good player with plenty of experience at the top level in rugby union, and it would be good to get him back to rugby league if we can." Personal life He is the brother of former rugby league professional Billy Weepu. He revealed in 2020 that he still resides in Wainuiomata, Lower Hutt, and that he suffered a stroke in 2014 while playing for London Welsh. He also suffered from weight issues, alcoholism and self harm tendencies throughout his playing career, as well as sleep apnea. He also has no cartilage in either of his knees. References External links Blues profile Hurricanes profile ESPN Profile 1983 births New Zealand rugby union players New Zealand Māori rugby union players New Zealand people of Niuean descent New Zealand international rugby union players Rugby union scrum-halves Māori All Blacks players Wainuiomata Lions players Hurricanes (rugby union) players Blues (Super Rugby) players Wellington rugby union players Auckland rugby union players Ngāi Tahu Rugby union players from Lower Hutt People educated at Te Aute College Living people New Zealand expatriate rugby union players New Zealand expatriate sportspeople in England Expatriate rugby union players in England London Welsh RFC players New Zealand expatriate sportspeople in Wales
64326894	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No.%201%20New%20Zealand%20General%20Hospital	No. 1 New Zealand General Hospital	The No. 1 New Zealand General Hospital (1NZGH) was a World War I military hospital in Brockenhurst, Hampshire, England. The hospital was established in June 1916, after moving from Abasseyeh in Egypt. It was operated by the Royal New Zealand Army Medical Corps. It was previously the Lady Hardinge Hospital for Wounded Indian Soldiers. Two large hotels in nearby Brockenhurst the Balmer Lawn Hotel and Forest Park Hotel were taken over and became a part of No.1 New Zealand General Hospital, they each were capable of holding 200 beds. 1NZGH became the orthopaedic centre for the New Zealand Medical Service in England. On occasions during 1918 nearly 1,600 patients were accommodated at the hospital. Between 1916 and its closure 1919 the hospital cared for over 20,000 patients. Auckland Avenue and Auckland Place in Brockenhurst are named to commemorate the many New Zealanders who served at the Hospital during World War I. The nearby Brockenhurst (St. Nicholas) Churchyard has 106 graves of those who died during the First World War, 93 of which are of New Zealanders, three Indian and three unidentified Belgian civilians. See also No. 2 New Zealand General Hospital, in Walton-on-Thames, England No. 3 New Zealand General Hospital, in Codford, Wiltshire, England. References Further reading . The official history of the medical service. . . Includes material relating to both Australian and New Zealand nurses. External links Brockenhurst a First World War Hospital village 1916 World War I Destinations Information on Brockenhurst in World War I. Pathe Gazette No. 541, Brockenhurst & Lymington. A Token of Appreciation (New Zealanders Present Flags Prior To Their Departure For Home). Historic film of the Commanding Office of the No. 1 New Zealand General Hospital, Brockenhurst, and his principal matron presenting a New Zealand flag to the mayor of Lymington before similar scenes at the church at Brockenhurst where a New Zealand flag is presented into the safekeeping of the church. The final scenes show the graves of the New Zealanders buried in the churchyard. New Zealand War Graves - St Nicholas – a list of the New Zealand war graves at Brockenhursh Parish Church NZEF in England 1916-19 map. A map showing the infrastructure of N.Z.E.F camps, hospitals, depots and offices in England. One Woman, One Ambulance, WWI. Article about the experiences of Deborah Pitts Taylor at Brockenhurst. Lady Hardinge & Tin Town – Brockenhurst’s Military Hospitals – Stories From The Great War Part 6 This report written by F. F. Perry and published in the Indian Medical Gazette covers the period 20 January to 15 June 1915. Military units and formations of the New Zealand Army Military hospitals in the United Kingdom Hospitals disestablished in 1919 Hospitals in Hampshire Defunct hospitals in England Military history of Hampshire
38929059	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jowgh-e%20Now	Jowgh-e Now	Jowgh-e Now (; also known as Chūnūyeh, Joghūneh, Jowqūneh, and Jūghūneh) is a village in Kuh Panj Rural District, in the Central District of Bardsir County, Kerman Province, Iran. Its existence was noted in the 2006 census, but its population was not reported. References Populated places in Bardsir County
5051684	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ve%C3%B8y	Veøy	Veøy is a former municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 1964. It initially consisted of all of the present-day Vestnes Municipality, as well as the southern part of Molde Municipality and the northern part of Rauma Municipality. Vestnes Municipality was only part of Veøy for a few months in 1838 before it was made into a separate municipality. In 1964, the municipality was split between Molde and Rauma municipalities. Veøy Municipality was named after the island of Veøya, the administrative centre, where the main church for the municipality (Old Veøy Church) was located. There are no inhabitants on the island (as of 2020). Name The island and municipality was named Veøy (). It was the religious center of the whole Romsdal region and the name is a compound of vé which means "sanctuary" and øy which means "island", thus a holy island. The name was historically spelled Veø. History Just before 8:00 p.m. on 22 February 1756, a landslide with a volume of — the largest known landslide in Norway in historic time — traveled at high speed from a height of on the side of the mountain Tjellafjellet into the Langfjorden from Veøy. The slide generated three megatsunamis in the immediate area in the Langfjorden and the Eresfjorden with heights of . Damaging waves reached Veøy, where, although reduced in size, they washed inland above normal flood levels. The parish of Veøy was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). The western district of Veøy was separated in the fall of 1838 to become Vestnes Municipality. During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1964, the islands of Sekken and Veøya as well as the Nesjestranda district on the mainland north of the Langfjorden (with a total population of 756) were incorporated into the newly enlarged Molde Municipality. The remainder of Veøy on the south side of the Langfjorden and the Vågstranda area (population: 1,400) were merged with the small municipalities of Eid, Grytten, Hen, and Voll to form the new Rauma Municipality. Government All municipalities in Norway, including Veøy, are responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, unemployment and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of elected representatives, which in turn elects a mayor. Municipal council The municipal council of Veøy was made up of 21 representatives that were elected to four year terms. The party breakdown of the final municipal council was as follows: See also List of former municipalities of Norway References Romsdal Molde Rauma, Norway Former municipalities of Norway 1838 establishments in Norway 1964 disestablishments in Norway
50199594	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cothurnocystidae	Cothurnocystidae	Cothurnocystidae is an extinct family of stylophoran echinoderms in the order Cornuta. References External links Cothurnocystidae at fossilworks.org (retrieved 16 April 2016) Homalozoa Prehistoric echinoderm families
35024873	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20George%27s%20Church%2C%20Poynton	St George's Church, Poynton	St George's Church stands in the centre of the town of Poynton, Cheshire, England. It is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Cheadle, the archdeaconry of Macclesfield, and the diocese of Chester. The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building. It is the tallest building in Poynton. History The original church in the town was a chapel of ease to St Peter, Prestbury, and was in existence by 1312. The present church was built in 1858–59 on a site nearer to the town centre to a design by J. S. Crowther. It was consecrated in February 1859 by the bishop of Chester. It became a separate parish in its own right in 1871. The steeple, designed by J. Medland Taylor and Henry Taylor, was added in 1884–85. In 1998 the interior of the church was re-ordered. Architecture Exterior St George's is constructed in yellow rubble stone from the Hig Lane quarry, and has dressings in stone from Lyme Handley. It is roofed in slate. The plan consists of a nave with a six-bay clerestory, north and south five-bay aisles, a south porch, a chancel, and a steeple at the southeast corner. The tower has buttresses and an octagonal stair turret, and is surmounted by a broached spire with lucarnes. In the top stage are double louvred bell openings. Along the sides of the aisles are two-light windows, and along the clerestory are alternate two-light and circular windows. At the west end of the nave are two narrow lancet windows, above which is a sexfoil rose window. The east window has four lights containing Geometric tracery. Interior Inside the church is a three-bay arcade carried on octagonal piers. In the chancel are a stone sedilia and piscina. The stained glass in the east and southeast windows is by O'Connor (probably Arthur). At the east end of the north aisle is a window dating from about 1866 by John Adam Heaton. A window in the southwest of the church dating from about 1935 was designed by Edwin Wright, and commemorates the Mothers' Union. The two-manual organ was built in 1972 by Smethurst of Manchester, replacing a three-manual 19th-century organ by Nicholson and Lord that had been rebuilt by Austin Jones of Pendleton in 1925. There is a ring of six bells, all cast in 1887 by John Taylor & Co of Loughborough. There is a further, unused, bell dating from 1835 by Thomas Mears II at the Whitechapel Bell Foundry. External features The churchyard contains the war graves of ten British service personnel, three of World War I and seven of World War II. See also Listed buildings in Poynton with Worth List of works by J. S. Crowther References Church of England church buildings in Cheshire Grade II listed churches in Cheshire Churches completed in 1885 19th-century Church of England church buildings Gothic Revival church buildings in England Gothic Revival architecture in Cheshire Diocese of Chester Poynton
1074436	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Cape%20Canaveral%20and%20Merritt%20Island%20launch%20sites	List of Cape Canaveral and Merritt Island launch sites	Cape Canaveral and adjacent Merritt Island on Florida's Atlantic coast are home to the USA's Eastern Range, the most active rocket range and spaceport in the country. The Eastern Range hosts two groundside operators: the military Cape Canaveral Space Force Station and the civilian Kennedy Space Center. Between them are dozens of launch pads, with several currently in active service and more in planning for activation. Kennedy Space Center Kennedy Space Center, operated by NASA, has two launch complexes on Merritt Island comprising four pads—two active, one under lease, and one inactive. From 1968 to 1975, it was the site of 13 Saturn V launches, three crewed Skylab flights and the Apollo-Soyuz; all Space Shuttle flights from 1981 to 2011, and one Ares 1-X flight in 2009. Since 2017, SpaceX use Launch Complex 39A to launch their launch vehicles. Cape Canaveral Space Force Station Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (CCSFS), operated by Space Launch Delta 45 of the U.S. Space Force, was the site of all U.S. crewed launches before Apollo 8, as well as many other early Department of Defense (DoD) and NASA launches. For the DoD, it plays a secondary role to Vandenberg AFB in California, but is the launch site for many NASA uncrewed space probes, as those spacecraft are typically launched on United States Space Force launchers. Much of the support activity for CCSFS occurs at Patrick Space Force Base to the south, its reporting base. Active launch vehicles are in bold. Active sites Sites leased for future use Spaceport Florida , Air Force Space Command committed to lease Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 36 to Space Florida for future use by the Athena III launch system. It is not known if the plan was subsequently implemented. Blue Origin leased Complex 36 in 2015, with plans to launch its reusable orbital vehicle from there by 2020 though as of early 2022 the launch is planned for the end of this year. Inactive and previously used sites Other See also Air Force Space and Missile Museum References External links Encyclopedia Astronautica entry Google Earth Merritt Island Tour Kennedy Space Center Launch sites Rocket launch sites in the United States Spaceports in the United States Launch sites Technology-related lists Space lists Lists of buildings and structures in Florida Space Shuttle program
5723749	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.%20Sterling%20Morton%20High%20School%20District%20201	J. Sterling Morton High School District 201	J. Sterling Morton High School District 201 is a school district headquartered in Cicero, Illinois, United States. The district serves the town of Cicero, the city of Berwyn and the villages of Lyons, Stickney, and Forest View. A small section of McCook also lies within the district boundaries. The school district is named after Julius Sterling Morton, Grover Cleveland's Secretary of Agriculture during his second term, who is best known for founding Arbor Day. The district and its schools are named after Morton because he was friends with Cicero resident and fur trader Portus Baxter Weare. The district competes in Illinois High School Association athletics as a unified school with the shortened name "Berwyn-Cicero (Morton)". Schools The district is composed of five campuses: Morton East High School in Cicero, opened in 1894 Morton West High School in Berwyn, opened in 1958 Morton Freshman Center in Cicero, opened in 2004 Morton Alternative Center in Cicero, opened in 2007 Morton West Freshman Academy in Berwyn, opened in 2019 Students living west of Ridgeland Avenue are zoned to Morton West while those living east of Ridgeland Avenue are zoned to Morton East. Areas west of Ridgeland Avenue include most of Berwyn, Stickney, Forest View, and Lyons, while areas east of Ridgeland Avenue include Cicero and a portion of Berwyn. Feeder school districts Cicero Elementary School District 99 Lyons School District 103 Berwyn North School District 98 South Berwyn School District 100 History In 1892, there were reports that the town of Cicero was beginning to work to consolidate a school district that would include the then current Morton Park and Hawthorne District with one consisting of the towns of Clyde and LaVergne, to create what was called a "High School Department". Cicero-Stickney Township High School (with "Clyde P.O.") was established as a township high school district in 1898 with 4 teachers and 44 students. By the 1903–1904 school year, it was one of the 33 township high school districts in Illinois, and had 10 teachers and 130 students, with 8 students graduating that year. The principal for the 1904–1905 school year was H. V. Church. Berwyn is in the district because it had not yet been created out of Cicero when the district was formed. A portion of Stickney is in the district because state law at the time required a township high school district to comprise parts of two or more townships. Lyons was annexed to the district by public petition in 1920. By then, the name "J. Sterling Morton High School" was already in use for the high school, though the legal name was "Cicero-Stickney Township High School". In 1922, High School District 201 issued building bonds for $250,000. 1930s By 1931, Morton had reached its capacity of 3,000 students, and a bond issue was put before the electorate to raise funds for a new school to be built in neighboring Berwyn. The issue was defeated 7751–8035. In May 1932, the school district closed the school two weeks ahead of schedule because of financial troubles. The school also announced that the autumn opening of school would be pushed back two weeks to further save money. The closing also affected Morton Junior College, which was housed at the school. The 1932–33 school year saw teachers and students join in an unusual revolt against the board of education. In October 1932, the school's football coach was fired without warning, prompting 800 citizens to attend a board meeting to retain him. The coach was reputedly fired for being critical of the board for discounting tax warrants with which teachers had been paid over the past months in lieu of money. About one month later, students began a boycott of the cafeteria, charging that not only had prices gone up, but that workers had been fired to be replaced by more workers with ties to the school board. The board then hired private individuals to patrol the school. The publicity surrounding these actions prompted the accrediting agency for the school, the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools, to begin an inquiry as to whether the school should remain accredited. This was immediately followed by the North Central Association's assertion that, despite teachers receiving no cash salary for almost a year, and being forced to sell the tax warrants they had been receiving for substantial discounts, the board had hired unnecessary custodial staff, cafeteria workers, and largely under-qualified teachers without consulting the superintendent. The situation reached a head when Harry V. Church, the school's superintendent, announced that he too was joining the student-faculty revolt, and would inform the state's attorney of what he knew, including the hiring of teachers sponsored by the board over his objections, a US$3.5 million debt run up by the board, and the specific names of employees that had been hired who were relatives of board members. Despite a direct threat of removal from the school board president, the superintendent demoted the head of the physical welfare department, who had been instrumental in firing the football coach who had drawn attention to the school problems. A group of thirteen civic groups, headed by the local Rotary Club, concluded their own investigation. The demands in regards for drawing up a budget were voted on by the board, but no action was taken. When the superintendent and an independent auditor asked to examine the financial information for the district, they were refused on the grounds that the financial officer "couldn't do much without two office employees, who are ill". One of the employees named was the daughter of the board president. On December 12, the secretary of the North Central Association read a letter at the public meeting of the board stating "The standards of the school are very shaky.". When a taxpayers' group asked for the board to request that the State's Attorney begin an inquiry, a board member responded that the "state's attorney hasn't time to bother about such small matters." In January, the superintendent was dismissed after a taxpayers' group lobbied for his removal. This prompted the Berwyn Ministers' Association to call a meeting attended by 2,500 residents to demand an open hearing on the ousted superintendent. At that meeting, the secretary of the North Central Association spoke out in favor of the former superintendent, and stated that the board's inability to set a budget and to engage in politically motivated hiring practices would lower the accreditation rating of the school. Despite adopting a budget for the remainder of the school year, new charges against the board surfaced. The parent-teacher association began a petition to submit to the governor requesting the removal of the board, amongst allegations that similarly worded and appearing petitions were being circulated to gain praise for the board. On the evening of February 2, a burning cross was found on the athletic field. At a board meeting in March, a citizen identified himself as a member of the Ku Klux Klan, and informed the board that "As an organization we are watching developments ..." The interim superintendent recommended immediate austerity measures, punctuated by a reduction in staffing, including the elimination of 20 of the 40 office clerks, several custodial personnel, and the elimination of all teacher-clerks (permanent substitute teachers). The board was also forced to deal with being voted out of the Suburban League. As a result of the actions at Morton, the (pre-union) National Education Association's department of secondary school principals censured the board, and called for new laws that would prevent similar abuses in the future. Later in March, the board secretly selected a new superintendent and principal, despite a recommendation from the North Central Association that a list of educators form a search committee. By this time, results of inquiries into the finances of the district had been hampered by the disappearance of the district's financial officer. When it was determined that the controller had taken money from the school's petty cash, leaving an IOU, the board requested, and received, a warrant for his arrest. His successor also found that US$9,500 in tax warrants were missing, one of which was traced to a local grocer who had received it from the missing controller to pay a debt. The controller surrendered himself, and paid bail, claiming he had been suffering from a nervous breakdown brought on by the recent problems; he denied stealing from the school. The April school board election saw two new members elected to the board, with one of them becoming the new president. In the wake of the election, the North Central Association delivered a formal warning to the school, stating that while it would remain accredited, the warning was a formality required as a prelude to losing accreditation, should it be deemed necessary in a year's time. The new board followed through on a recommendation from the North Central Association, and took the recommendation of a committee of 33 educators to hire a professor of education from South Dakota to become the new permanent superintendent, L. M. Hrudka. By 1934, the district was back on a cash-paying basis. By 1936, the school population had reached 6,000. The firing of three maintenance workers in December 1936 at the school prompted a strike of the 40 unionized members of the custodial staff. The picket line blocked the delivery of coal to the school, forcing it to remain closed as there was only a limited stockpile available for heating. The board retaliated by firing thirty more maintenance workers, with the caveat they could reapply for their jobs within three days. A local painter who had helped maintain the furnaces in the absence of maintenance staff was beaten near the school. As the coal supplies dwindled, the state's attorney called for mediation, and the sides met on January 8. When talks were unsuccessful, school officials arranged for police to guard deliveries of coal to the school. Three of the drivers who had made the coal deliveries, a man and his two sons, were run off the road and beaten in retaliation. Municipal officials began to ask for greater effort to end the strike. One board member resigned a key position in his church after the pastor spoke out against school officials. The Illinois Department of Labor issued subpoenas for school officials to appear at a conference arranged to settle the strike. An agreement was ratified by both sides on January 24, with all but four strikers returning to work, and the original fired maintenance staff guaranteed a hearing with "good prospects of reinstatement". In 1938, L. M. Hrudka was dismissed as superintendent, despite a year remaining on his contract, following concerns raised by the North Central Association that he was not cooperating properly with the faculty. However, the secretary of the board, publicly declaring the firing as a "colossal piece of trickery", refused to notify the administrator of his dismissal, and claimed the vote was illegal since it occurred after the board had adjourned. The board claimed that Hrudka had been a factor in the North Central Association downgrading the school's rating. In March 1939, the Illinois state committee of the North Central Association, citing political interference and a lack of leadership, informed the school that it would be recommending that it lose accreditation, invalidating current and future student credits toward college admission. While preparing to defend itself against these charges, the board settled a lawsuit filed by fired superintendent Hrudka for the full amount of his remaining contract. An investigation by the North Central Association resulted in the school again being put on one year's notice to improve standards or risk losing accreditation. 1950s to 1960s While the 1940s had been relatively quiet, 1952 saw the joint resignation of the superintendent and business manager over what was described as "personal quarreling". At the meeting where the resignations were accepted, a citizen denounced the board president, Edward Chodl. Chodl then "ran toward (him), but was restrained by other board members." The pair were guaranteed to be paid their combined $23,740 contracts for the next year, with the outgoing superintendent given an additional $8,000 to rent his educational film library for ten years. In the autumn of 1969, a teacher's strike was called at the school for the first time in its history. One teacher was arrested for using his picket sign as a weapon against a school board member. In response, the West Suburban Teachers' Union, which represented eleven school districts, asked for all of its members to take an emergency personal day and join in protesting a back to work order issued by a judge, and what were termed as "union busting" tactics by the Morton school board. The strike lasted 22 days. In November, the striking teachers were charged individually with contempt of court. 64 teachers were found guilty and sentenced to ten days in prison and a $100 fine. In the end, the president of the union, a Morton East teacher, was fined $1,000 and sentenced to 20 days in jail for contempt. 1980s Morton West and Morton East high schools went into the same school district in the 1985–1986 school year. 2000s to present Morton High School District 201 has drastically expanded learning opportunities. Morton continues to enhance the many activities that support students’ learning such as Tapestry, Credit Recovery Program, and the Freshmen Mentoring Program. Several support programs such as Coaching Centers, Student Intervention Teams, and the Technology Support Internship make the education process a seamless one. Morton High School District 201 released a new grading system in 2014, which ensures that all parties are held accountable for the academic success of students and allows teachers to hold students to the highest standards. District 201 actively engages parents and community members. The district actively supports the Parent Teacher Organization and Parent Teacher Association, which helps with several community events throughout the school year, including coordinating a series of annual anti-bullying events. Parent liaisons at all campuses get parents involved in school and community events and hold monthly principal meetings to receive community feedback. Throughout the year counselors host a series of college nights explaining the college application and financial aid process to parents. District 201 has worked to provide safe and well maintained schools to enhance learning for all students. In 2014, the main school entrances were remodeled to provide control of all individuals entering school grounds. Also in 2014, the Board of Education inaugurated the new Morton Stadium which includes a new field, concession stand, and an 8 lane track, among several facility upgrades. In 2014, District 201 upgraded the Morton West pool room lighting with energy efficient lights and updated the ceiling, windows and paint. The Morton West cafeteria was also renovated and expanded over the summer of 2014. In 2014 the old Morton East pool was finally renovated into an expanded classroom. In 2015, six chemistry labs in Morton East and West will be renovated. Renovations are expected for the culinary arts room as well. The 1:1 program was officially launched in 2014. In 2014 all incoming freshmen were given a Dell lap top device. District 201 will continue roll out the distribution and use of laptops for all incoming freshmen classes. In 2014 a new interactive white board was installed in all classrooms throughout the district to support the 1:1 program. District 201 continues to improve district-wide technology infrastructure with an increase to district wide bandwidth. This increase in bandwidth allows students to take advantage of the 1:1 program. In 2014 District 201 had its 5th consecutive balanced budget. On this same year, District 201 also received the Association of School Business Officials International's (ASBO) Certificate of Excellence in Financial Reporting Award for having met or exceeded the program's high standards for financial reporting and accountability. The district was recognized for its Comprehensive Annual Financial Report for the fiscal year ending 2013. A Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR) is a set of financial statements that provide a thorough and detailed presentation of a school district's financial condition and goes beyond the minimum information necessary for fair presentation in conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). References External links J. Sterling Morton High School District 201 Official site of Morton High School athletics School districts in Cook County, Illinois Cicero, Illinois 1890s establishments in Illinois
69389668	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20Liga%20Deportiva%20Universitaria%20de%20Quito%20season	2022 Liga Deportiva Universitaria de Quito season	Liga Deportiva Universitaria de Quito's 2022 season is the club's 92nd year of existence, the 69th year in professional football, and the 61st in the top level of professional football in Ecuador. Club Personnel President: Guillermo Romero President of the Executive Commission: Esteban Paz Sporting manager: Santiago Jácome Coaching staff Manager: Pablo Marini Assistant manager: Ariel de Armas, Agustín Marini Physical trainer:Tomás Marini, Gastón Bernardello Goalkeeper trainer: Luis Preti Kits Supplier: Puma Sponsor(s): Banco Pichincha, Mazda, Universidad Indoamérica, Discover, Pilsener, Ecuabet, Salud SA Squad information Note: Caps and goals are of the national league and are current as of the beginning of the season. Winter transfers Competitions Pre-season friendlies LigaPro The 2022 season is Liga's 61st season in the Serie A and their 21st consecutive. First stage Results summary Results by round Second stage Results summary Results by round CONMEBOL Sudamericana L.D.U. Quito qualified to the 2022 CONMEBOL Sudamericana—their 13rd participation in the continental tournament—as 6th place in the 2021 LigaPro. They will enter the competition in the First Stage. First Stage Player statistics Note: Players in italics left the club mid-season. Team statistics References External links 2022 2022 in Ecuadorian football
33357029	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wembere%20River	Wembere River	The Wembere River is a river located in north western Singida Region, Tanzania. The river is part of the water basin of Lake Eyasi. The Wembere River originates in hilly country in central Tanzania at 6.0º south, and flows northwards through a branch of the Eastern Rift Valley. Its tributary the Nyahua River forms a seasonal floodplain 60 miles long and 1-5 km wide, covering 11,000 ha. After the Nyahua joins the Wembere from the northwest, the Wembere widens into a larger floodplain 105 km long and up to 20 km wide, and covering 140,000 ha. (4º12'-5º01' S/33º47'-34º11' E). Other tributaries are the Wamba, which joins from the northeast, the Mwaru, which joins from the east, and the Mapiringa, which joins from the west. The floodplain consists of flooded grasslands, inundated during the wet season and laced with drainage channels. Stands of the trees Vachellia seyal and Vachellia drepanolobium edge the seasonally-flooded portion of the plain. Above the floodplain, the eastern side of the watershed is chiefly miombo woodland, and the western side, called the Wembere Steppe, is Acacia-Commiphora savanna. Below the floodplain the river turns northeast and empties into the south end of Lake Kitangiri. Lake Kitangiri empties into Lake Eyasi via the Sibiti River. References Great Rift Valley Rivers of Tanzania Southern Eastern Rift Zambezian flooded grasslands
43269190	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vera%20Cruz%2C%20Missouri	Vera Cruz, Missouri	Vera Cruz is an unincorporated community in central Douglas County, Missouri, United States. It is located on Bryant Creek, approximately east of Ava, at the terminus of Route AB. History Vera Cruz was established in the 1840s and named for Vera Cruz in Mexico. The village was originally called Red Bud and was at the junction of the Rockbridge–Hartville road, up Bryant valley with the Old Salt Road or Rockbridge Road, which ran northwest through Smallett to Springfield. The name was changed to Vera Cruz in 1859. It was the first county seat of Douglas County. In 1870, the county seat was moved to Arno and shortly after to Ava. The Civil War battle Battle of Clark's Mill on November 7, 1862, took place at a mill on Bryant Creek, approximately north of the current location. A second battle occurred on November 3, 1864, near Wilson's Mill, during which the Confederate forces were driven out of the area. Gallery References Unincorporated communities in Douglas County, Missouri Unincorporated communities in Missouri
50129641	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amigoni	Amigoni	Jacopo Amigoni (1682–1752), also named Giacomo Amiconi, was an Italian painter of the late-Baroque or Rococo period, who began his career in Venice. Ottavio Amigoni (16 October 1606 – 28 October 1661) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, active in Brescia.
7268645	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammana	Hammana	Hammana () is a town in Lebanon, about 26 km (16 miles) East of Beirut. Hammana sits at an altitude of 1200m (about 4000 ft) above sea-level. It is in the Mount Lebanon Governorate in the district (or Caza) of Baabda. Hammana is bordered by the towns of Falougha, Shbaniye, Khraybe, Bmariam, Khalwet and Mdeirej. Etymology The word "Hammana" may have come from the name of the Phoenician Sun God "Hammon" or "Hamman". These two names are derived from the word "Hama" which means heat of the sun. History The 19th century French poet, novelist and statesman Alphonse De Lamartine visited Lebanon and spent some time in Hammana. He described the town and its surrounding lush valley in his Voyages en Orient (1835) as "one of the most beautiful prospects ever presented to the human eye to scan in the works of a god as known as NZ007". Hammana has a rich diversity of religious communities consisting of Maronites, Greek Orthodox, Greek Catholics, Muslims and Druze. It is a popular summer resort destination for many Lebanese and non-Lebanese tourists. Facilities The village has multiple water sources like the Shaghour fall, Ain-al-Hosa spring, Al-Kadaneh spring, Ain Soltan spring, Ain Maytri spring and many more. Evergreen trees such as pines, firs, spruce as well as some cedar trees are found everywhere in the town. Hammana is known regionally for its cherries, apples and fasolia beans (lubieh hammanieh). The Sohat spring water bottling plant (now owned by Nestlé) is located nearby in Falougha. Hammana is a mixture of a typical Lebanese village, where you can enjoy the magic of its nature and the extreme hospitality, and a small city where you can enjoy the night life and the smooth entertainment environment. It is a four seasons resort, changing colors from yellow tint in autumn, to mostly white in winter, to multi-colored in spring and dark green in summer. Ecotourism On 25 November 2011, Municipality of Hammana and Barcelona/Cercs Bergueda signed the agreement of the second phase for the Ecotourism Project. Around 25 residents of Hammana signed on to be part of the project, and received training to be able to run different activities for the project. Around 5 households in Hammana signed on to have their homes serve as guest houses to receive and host visitors for the project. The official ecotourism launching and certificates distribution ceremony was held at the municipality public garden on Saturday July 9, 2011. Events & Festivals Hammana is known for its cherries, and every year the municipality holds a cherry festival, between end of May and June. This event is usually 2 to 3 days, families visit Hammana to enjoy the activities for grown ups as for kids. from cherry picking to games and small excursions around the village. Of course local cherries and homemade goods are sold in this event. Some people even create recipes with the cherries, like kebab cherry, cherry cheesecake, and some delicious cherry jam and butter crepes. External links Town page Hammana, Localiban Populated places in Baabda District Populated places in Lebanon
33816097	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sid%20Ali%20Ammoura	Sid Ali Ammoura	Sid Ali Ammoura (born in Algiers, Algeria) is an Algerian professional footballer. He currently plays as a defender for the Algerian Ligue 2 club Olympique de Médéa. Statistics References External links Algerian footballers Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1 players Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 2 players Living people Olympique de Médéa players USM Alger players Footballers from Algiers USM El Harrach players Association football defenders Year of birth missing (living people) 21st-century Algerian people
31837310	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai%20Sevryugin	Nikolai Sevryugin	Nikolai Vasilyevich Sevryugin (1939–2002) () was a Russian politician and governor of Tula Oblast from October 1991 (appointed by Boris Yeltsin) to March 1997. He was charged with taking bribes after he left office, but postponements of the case, including for his declining health, led to his death before any outcome on the charges against him. References Governors of Tula Oblast Russian anti-communists 1939 births 2002 deaths People from Mikhaylovsky District, Ryazan Oblast Members of the Federation Council of Russia (1996–2000)
23586395	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ob%C4%8Dov	Občov	Občov is a village and municipality in Příbram District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. References This article was initially translated from the Czech Wikipedia. Villages in Příbram District
30908835	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amrita%20Patel	Amrita Patel	Amrita Patel is an Indian businessperson associated with cooperative dairy sector as well as environmentalist. She headed National Dairy Development Board from 1998 to 2014 which led the world's biggest dairy development program Operation Flood. She chaired several other institutes and has been a member of board of banks. She was awarded Padma Bhushan in 2001. Early life Amrita Patel was born on 13 November 1943 at 1, Safdarjung Road, New Delhi. She was the youngest among five daughters of civil servant and politician Hirubhai M. Patel and Savitaben, a Gujarati family. When her father retired, her family moved back to Anand in Gujarat in 1959. She received her higher education from Mumbai and completed her study in Bachelor of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry. In 1965, she joined Amul, a dairy cooperative, and was trained under Verghese Kurien. Career After four decades of work in Amul, she served as the chairperson of the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) in from 1998 to 2014. As the managing director of NDDB, she led the Operation Flood, the world's biggest dairy development program. She also became a chairperson of the Mother Dairy, Delhi; the President of Indian National Committee of the International Dairy Federation and later a member of Planning Commission of Government of Himachal Pradesh. She has been a member of the Boards of Reserve Bank of India and National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD). She advocates the protection of environment and ecology. She was the chairperson of the Foundation for Ecological Security working in the field of ecology. She is the Chairman of the Sardar Patel Renewable Energy Research Institute, Anand as well as Charutar Arogya Mandal. Recognition She was awarded various awards for her contribution in development and management of dairy sector including the Financial Express Lifetime Achievement Award, Jawaharlal Nehru Birth Centenary Award for Nation Building (1999-2000), World Dairy Expo’s International Person of the Year (1997), Indian Dairy Association Fellowship, Krishimitra Award, Foundation National Award from Fuel Injection Engineering Company, Sahkarita Bandhu Award, Borlaug Award (1991), Indira Gandhi Paryavaran Puraskar (2005), Mahindra Samriddhi Krishi Shiromani Samman (Lifetime Achievement Award, 2016). The Government of India awarded her Padma Bhushan, the third highest civilian award of India, in 2001. References Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in trade and industry Businesspeople from Gujarat Businesswomen from Gujarat Living people 1943 births Indian women educational theorists 20th-century Indian educational theorists 20th-century Indian businesswomen 20th-century Indian businesspeople 21st-century Indian businesswomen 21st-century Indian businesspeople People from Anand district Indian ecologists Indian environmentalists 20th-century women educators
36850230	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation%20Day	Federation Day	Federation Day is a day in the Welsh school week when all the primary and secondary children come together in one unit. It is a solution for rural small schools in Wales. References External links Guidance on the Federation process of maintained schools Cardiff schools consider 'federation' approach Estyn Education in Wales
7689034	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deer%20Valley%20High%20School	Deer Valley High School	Deer Valley High School may refer to: Deer Valley High School (California) Deer Valley High School (Arizona)
12608821	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richebourg	Richebourg	Richebourg may refer to: Places Richebourg is the name of several communes in France: Richebourg, Haute-Marne, in the Haute-Marne department Richebourg, Pas-de-Calais, in the Pas-de-Calais department Richebourg, Yvelines, in the Yvelines department Richebourg-l'Avoué and Richebourg-Saint-Vaast, former communes of the Pas-de-Calais department, now part of Richebourg Other Richebourg (wine), a Grand cru of Vosne-Romanée
44801831	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridovo	Ridovo	Ridovo is a village in Kardzhali Municipality, Kardzhali Province, southern Bulgaria. References Villages in Kardzhali Province
15940180	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervantesia	Cervantesia	Cervantesia is a genus of plants in the family Santalaceae. It contains 5 species distributed from Colombia to Bolivia. External links Arboles y Arbustos de los Andes del Ecuador (Cervantesia) Santalaceae Santalales genera Flora of South America
34948735	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lekanger	Lekanger	Lekanger is a village in the municipality of Gildeskål in Nordland county, Norway. The village is located on the western side of the island of Sandhornøya, south of the villages of Mårnes and Våg. Nordstranda Chapel is located in the village. References Gildeskål Villages in Nordland
17354677	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost%20%26%20Found%20%28Marilyn%20Manson%20EP%29	Lost & Found (Marilyn Manson EP)	Lost & Found is the second compilation album by American rock band Marilyn Manson. It was released in Europe on May 5, 2008 by Polydor Records. It contains four songs from Marilyn Manson's first four studio albums and one from their only live album, The Last Tour on Earth. There are no previously unreleased songs, B-sides or rarities on the album, all tracks can be found on the band's various studio albums preceding it. As of mid-2008, Lost & Found is only available via digital download, an average rate of $2 per track. The only two songs that don't appear on most editions of Lest We Forget: The Best Of are "I Don't Like the Drugs (But the Drugs Like Me)" and "Irresponsible Hate Anthem". Track listing Personnel Marilyn Manson – vocals, keyboards, guitar, instrumentation Daisy Berkowitz – guitar, programming (1, 2) Zim Zum – guitar (3) John Lowery – guitar (4, 5) Gidget Gein – bass (1) Twiggy Ramirez – bass (2–5) Madonna Wayne Gacy – keyboards, sampling Sara Lee Lucas – drums (1) Ginger Fish – drums, live drums, programming (2–5) External links New European Maxi CD Release "Lost & Found", The Heirophant, May 11, 2008, at MansonUSA.com Note: That link has link rot. 2008 EPs Marilyn Manson (band) albums Albums produced by Marilyn Manson Albums produced by Trent Reznor Albums produced by Dave Sardy 2008 compilation albums Albums produced by Michael Beinhorn
44813462	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20George%20Forane%20Church%20Kallody%2C%20Wayanad	St. George Forane Church Kallody, Wayanad	St. George Forane Church Kallody is situated in Mananthavady taluk of Wayanad district. It is one of the important churches and pilgrim centers in the region, in communion with the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church. History People from many parts of Travancore-Cochin region started to settle at Kallody as early as 1942 onward. The geography of the place with hills, fields, rivers, streams, fertile land and a comparably increased security from wild animals attracted people to settle here. Many of the early settlers from Travancore region belonged to Syrian Catholics and other Christians whom the natives welcomed wholeheartedly. Until 1943 Immaculate Conception Church, Mananthavady was the only spiritual refuge of the Christian community of Kallody. Not so late, parishioners from some sixteen families spent some money, bought a piece of land and started building a small construction. In 1943 April 23, the statue of St. George was installed and Rev. Fr. Alosius Di Silva celebrated the first holy Mass. In 1948 the former construction was changed and a modified construction for the church was built. From 1949 onward Rev. Fr. C.J Varky started celebrating the Holy Mass here. In 1951 August 25 Bishop of Calicut Rev. Patroni made Kallody parish an independent parish from under the administration of the Immaculate Conception Church, Mananthavady. He appointed Rev. Fr. Thomas Kalam SJ as the vicar of the parish. Until 1953 Kallody parish was under the administration of Diocese of Calicut. When the Diocese of Tellicherry, as part of Syro-Malabar Catholic Church was formed in 1953, the parish came under the administration of the Diocese of Tellicherry and the first bishop of the diocese, Mar. Sebastian Valloppilly. Until April 1954 when Rev. Fr. Sebastian Ilamthuruthi took charge of the parish, the parish had been led by Latin priests. Fewer number of priests from the host diocese forced Bishop Sebastian Valloppilly to appoint priests from Carmelite congregation. During this period Kallody parish had grown both spiritually and physically well with the help of the Rev. priests. The parish has no history excluding the helps of the reverend priests from the Diocese of Calicut and from the CMI Church. Their efforts were seminal in the development of the parish. The church and the place got its present wealth, roads, means of transportation and primary education facilities through the hands of these reverend priests. After the formation of Diocese of Mananthavady, bifurcating the Diocese of Tellicherry in 1973 May 1, the parish continued its developments under the new diocese and the guidance of its bishop Jacob Thoomkuzhy. Though the church is named after St. George, from 1958 onward, in the Centenary of Mary of Lourde's, the main feast of the church became Mary of Lourde's. After 1968 priests from Diocese of Tellicherry and Mananthavady serve the parish. During this period the parish witnessed immeasurable growth. In the field of agriculture, new farming techniques were tested. In the educational sector High School and Higher Secondary Schools were established and in the cultural sector a Reading-House was set. In the recent past, the forane of Dwaraka was formed bifurcating the forane of Kallody. The construction works for the new church is underway. As part of it the forane office cum rectory was blessed on 8 June 2019 by bishop of diocese of Mananthavady, Mar. Jose Porunnedom. Today, the church continues her growth with the helps of the reverend priests and the laymen. She intervenes in the cultural sphere of the place whenever time finds it necessary. Spiritual organizations and institutions Franciscan Clarist Congregation (FCC) Franciscan Clarist Congregation which has its roots outside India started to operate in Kerala in the early 19th century onward. In 1956 a branch of FCC started to operate in the Diocese of Tellichery of Malabar province. With the intention of helping the people of parish and caring the educational needs of their children the first house of the congregation in Wayanad started here at Kallody on 1 June 1957. Shoenstatt Sisters of Mary Shoenstatt Sisters of Mary is a global spiritual institution founded by Fr. Joseph Kentonick in the year 1914. The community started its work in India in 1984 and now operates in many places of India. The community started working in the Kallody parish in 1997 December 18 at Moolithodu. St Joseph’s Pre- Primary School Kallody With the intention of helping the younger generation of the place to the world of letters St. Joseph's Pre-Primary School Kallody was inaugurated on 2 June 2003 by the then co-operate manager Rev. Fr. Jose Kocharakkal. St. Joseph’s U.P School Kallody The school was originally started in 1948 by P. Kunhiraman Nair by the name ‘Edachana Elementary School’. Later in 1952 the school was transferred on to the administration of the church under the leadership of Fr. Thomas Kalam. Since then the school started to be known as St. Joseph's. The school now excels in the field of both curricular and non-curricular activities. St Joseph’s High School Kallody The increasing need for higher education resulted in the establishment of a high school. The school was inaugurated on 1 June 1976 under the leadership of the then manager Fr. Joseph Memana. St. Joseph’s Higher Secondary School Kallody As Part of the extended educational demands of the people, a higher secondary school was set up on 1 August 2000 under the leadership of the then co-operate manager Fr. Augustin Nilackappillil. The school offers courses in General Science, Computer Science and Commerce with all academic facilities necessary for a good Higher Secondary School in the state. Other spiritual organizations Chrupushpa Mission League Vincent De Paul Society (Estd. in Kallody on 29 September 1974) KCYM (Kerala Catholic Youth Movement) Mother's Community (Estd. in Kallody in 1985) AKCC (All Kerala Catholic Congress) (Estd in Kallody on 25 February 2007) Parishes under the Forane Deepthigiri, Kallody, Karimbil, Kunjom, , Makkiyad, Mangalasseri, Mothakkara, Niravilppuzha, Ozhukkanmoola (Vellamunda), Puthusseri, Puthiyidamkunnu, Vanjod, Jude's Mount, Valeri Monasteries and convents in the Forane Monasteries Carmelites of Mary Immaculate (CMI), Niravilppuzha Benedictine Fathers (OSB), Makkiyad Convents Franciscan Clarist Congregation (FCC)- Kallody, Karimbil, Puthusseri Missionary Sisters of Mary Immaculate (MSMI)- Makkiyad, Niravilppuzha Sacred Heart Congregation (SH)- Puthiyidamkunnu, Vanjod Shoenstatt Sisters of Mary (ISSM)- Moolithodu (Kallody) Annual feast The annual feast of the church usually starts in the first week of every February. It is a widely anticipated event of spiritual and cultural significance. References Churches completed in 1943 Churches in Wayanad district Syro-Malabar Catholic church buildings Eastern Catholic churches in India
22242259	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%20Remedio	El Remedio	El Remedio is one of six parishes (administrative divisions) in Nava, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain. Villages Parishes in Nava
63413439	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trubakovo	Trubakovo	Trubakovo () is a rural locality (a village) in Noginskoye Rural Settlement, Syamzhensky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 4 as of 2002. Geography Trubakovo is located 7 km south of Syamzha (the district's administrative centre) by road. Ushakovskaya is the nearest rural locality. References Rural localities in Syamzhensky District
18692480	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone%20numbers%20in%20Uruguay	Telephone numbers in Uruguay	Uruguay's calling code is +598. Since 2010, national long distance calling was eliminated, thus there are no area codes in each city. Landline telephony ANTEL (Spanish abbreviation for National Administration of Telecommunications) is Uruguay's state-owned company for telecommunications. Previously in Uruguay, phone numbers used to have between 4 and 7 digits. To make a local phone call, you only had to dial those digits. To make a call between two cities from different departments, you had to dial zero, plus area code, plus phone number. As from August 29, 2010, all phone numbers have 8 digits, according to the new National Numbering Plan. Zero prior to area code was eliminated. Therefore, to make a call to any city in the country you have to dial 8 digits. This plan was implemented by URSEC (Spanish abbreviation for Regulator Unit of Services of Communications). National Numbering Plan Montevideo and metropolitan area In the Metropolitan area of Montevideo, all national numbers begin with 2. This 8-digit number consists of the former area code (2), followed by the old 7-digit number. Examples Outside Montevideo In the rest of the country, all national numbers begin with 4. This 8-digit number consists of the number 4, followed by the former area code, followed by the old phone number. For example: Colonia There is an exception: in the department of Maldonado, the new 8-digit number consists of the former area code 42, followed by the old phone number, with no additional digit 4 set before: San Carlos (Maldonado Department) Calling from other countries For calls from outside the country to any city in Uruguay, you only have to add the country code (+598) to the 8-digit national number, replacing the "+" with the international calling prefix used in the originating country (011 from North America, 00 from most other countries, the actual "+" sign from some mobile networks, etc.). Examples Call to Montevideo Call to Colonia Former area codes and corresponding new telephone numbers Mobile telephony When mobile telephony arrived in Uruguay, the only company set up the country was Movicom BellSouth. Mobile phone numbers would begin with digits 09, followed by a unique number of 6 digits: 09xxxxxx. In 1994, ANTEL decided to start its own mobile phone service, creating Ancel, which today is unified to Antel, using this brand to both services. This meant a numbering change for mobile telephony. One number was assigned to each company to identify numbers of each one. This digit would go between 09 and the number. Movicom was assigned number 4, and Ancel number 9. Mobile phones until then (which were Movicom) went to 094xxxxxx, and new Ancel numbers began to be 099xxxxxx. In 2003, Claro came to Uruguay (formerly as CTI Móvil). Numbers of this company were preceded by 096, like this: 096xxxxxx. In 2004, Telefónica bought Movicom Bellsouth and changed its name to Movistar. Since nowadays the numbers of units sold has grown so much, when the companies reached one million users, they had to be assigned with other digits. Antel (ADMINISTRACIÓN NACIONAL DE TELECOMUNICACIONES): 099, 098, 092 and 091. Movistar (TELEFONICA MOVILES DE URUGUAY S.A.): 094, 095 and 093. Claro (AM WIRELESS URUGUAY S.A.): 096 and 097. URSEC has reserved 084, 089 and 086 for a possible future use. External links URSEC ANTEL Full list of area codes Uruguay Telecommunications in Uruguay Telephone numbers
18920562	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6zbarax	Gözbarax	Gözbarax (also, Gözparaq and Gëzbarakh) is a village and municipality in the Zaqatala Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 1,841. References Populated places in Zaqatala District
38379760	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeke%20Motta	Zeke Motta	Ezekiel "Zeke" Ranieri Motta (born May 14, 1990) is a former American football safety who played for two seasons with the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the Falcons in the seventh round of the 2013 NFL Draft. He played college football at Notre Dame. High school career Motta attended Vero Beach High School in Vero Beach, Florida, where he was teammates with Bryan Stork. He tallied 137 tackles including eight tackles for a loss and three sacks during senior campaign at Vero Beach High School, and was named first-team Class 6A all-state as a senior. He played in the U.S. Army All-American Bowl in San Antonio, Texas in 2009. Considered a four-star recruit by Rivals.com, he was rated the No.5 outside linebacker prospect in the nation. He accepted a scholarship offer from Notre Dame over offers from Auburn and Boston College. College career In 2009, Motta was one of three freshmen to play in every game. He mostly contributed primarily on special teams and also moved back and forth between outside linebacker and safety, and recorded 12 tackles. As a sophomore, he played in all 13 games, in which he started 8. He totalled 50 tackles (30 solo, 20 assisted) which ranked seventh on the team. He added one and a half tackles for loss, one fumble recovery, one interception and two pass breakups. In his junior season, he played in all 13 games, starting eight at safety. He tallied 40 tackles, one interception, one pass breakup, one forced fumble and one fumble recovery. In his final season, he tallied 77 total tackles, including 16 in the 2013 BCS National Championship Game against the Alabama Crimson Tide. He also had two tackles for loss, three pass break ups, four pass deflections and a fumble recovery. Professional career He was drafted by the Atlanta Falcons in the seventh round (244th overall) of the 2013 NFL Draft. He signed with the Falcons on May 17, 2013. On April 2, 2015, he was waived by the Falcons. In 2017, Motta filed a personal-injury lawsuit against Falcons doctors over inadequate treatment. References External links Atlanta Falcons bio Notre Dame Fighting Irish bio Living people 1990 births American football safeties Notre Dame Fighting Irish football players People from Vero Beach, Florida Players of American football from Florida Atlanta Falcons players Vero Beach High School alumni
3348988	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underneath%20the%20Arches	Underneath the Arches	Underneath the Arches may refer to: "Underneath the Arches" (song), a 1932 popular song co-written by Bud Flanagan, a member of The Crazy Gang Underneath the Arches (film), a 1937 British comedy starring The Crazy Gang Underneath the Arches (musical), a 1981 musical about The Crazy Gang Underneath the Arches (documentary), a 1970s British radio documentary about homelessness
29243282	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27Bout%20Soul	'Bout Soul	Bout Soul is an album by American saxophonist Jackie McLean recorded in 1967 and released on the Blue Note label. Reception The AllMusic review by Stephen Thomas Erlewine stated: Track listing "Soul" (Grachan Moncur III, Barbara Simmons) - 10:17 "Conversion Point" (Jackie McLean) - 9:47 "Big Ben's Voice" (LaMont Johnson) - 10:08 "Dear Nick, Dear John" (Scotty Holt) - 4:56 "Erdu" (Johnson) - 5:57 "Big Ben's Voice" [Alternate take] - 9:55 Bonus track on CD reissue Personnel Jackie McLean – alto saxophone Woody Shaw – trumpet (tracks 1–3, 5 & 6) Grachan Moncur III – trombone (tracks 1, 2 & 5) LaMont Johnson – piano Scotty Holt – bass Rashied Ali – drums Barbara Simmons – recitation (track 1) References 1969 albums Blue Note Records albums Jackie McLean albums Albums recorded at Van Gelder Studio Albums produced by Francis Wolff
41991481	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20mills%20in%20Huddersfield	List of mills in Huddersfield	This is a list of the wool, cotton and other textile mills in Huddersfield, Kirklees, West Yorkshire Golcar (Colne Valley; Huddersfield) Huddersfield Lockwood (Huddersfield) Longwood (Colne Valley;Huddersfield) See also Heavy Woollen District Textile processing References Footnotes The National Monument Record is a legacy numbering system maintained by English Heritage. Notes Bibliography Huddersfield Buildings and structures in Huddersfield Huddersfield Huddersfield Former textile mills in the United Kingdom History of the textile industry Industrial Revolution in England
28016666	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amors%20Baller	Amors Baller	Amors Baller () is a Norwegian teenage comedy film directed by Kristoffer Metcalfe, starring Kåre Hedebrant and Eira K. Stuedahl. The film was co-written by Metcalfe and producer Frederick Howard. The film premiered in Norway on 25 March 2011. Plot Fifteen-year-old Lucas moves from Stockholm, Sweden, to a small town in Norway. He falls in love with Susanne, the goalkeeper of the local girls' football team. To win her love, he joins the boys' football team to participate in the Norway Cup, a large tournament held in Oslo. However, Lucas realizes things will be more difficult than he initially thought, because Susanne already has a boyfriend. At the same time, he has to fight for a position on the first team. Cast Kåre Hedebrant as Lucas Eira K. Stuedahl as Susanne Isak Nikolai Iveland Solli as Petter Jana Opsahl Fridtjov Såheim Harald Weedon Production Amors Baller has a budget of around 13.5 million Norwegian kroner. It was financed without funding from the Norwegian Film Institute. The screenplay was developed by Kristoffer Metcalfe and Frederick Howard, alongside Peder Fuglerud and Stian A. Eriksen. According to Howard, they wanted to make a "classic coming-of-age story in colorful packaging, where friendship, love and athletic ambition collide in a fireworks display of a movie with and for youth." Director Kristoffer Metcalfe described it as a "youth film, 'boy meets girl' set in a football environment." Metcalfe expressed his satisfaction with securing "such an experienced and skilled young actor" as Kåre Hedebrant, known for his performance in Let the Right One In, in the leading role. "This feels much easier [than Let the Right One In]. The atmosphere is lighter, also away from the camera," Hedebrant told Aftenposten. Many other roles were filled by actors without prior experience. Eira K. Stuedahl, who plays the "dream girl" Susanna, was stopped in the street and invited to audition. Howard emphasized that he wanted to give the actors a lot of leeway, and freedom to improvise. Harald Weedon, who plays Lucas' sex-obsessed friend, came up with the title of the film, "Amors Baller" (literally: "Cupid's Balls"). Filming started on 12 July 2010 in Oslo, and is planned to conclude on 20 August. The entire film will be shot in and around Oslo, mainly in Ekeberg, Bekkelaget and Ljan, and will include scenes shot at the 2010 Norway Cup, one of the world's largest football tournaments. It premiered on 25 March 2011. References External links Amors Baller on Facebook 2011 films 2011 romantic comedy films 2010s sports comedy films 2010s teen comedy films 2010s teen romance films Norwegian association football films Norwegian films Norwegian-language films Norwegian romantic comedy films 2010s Swedish-language films Teen sports films 2011 multilingual films Norwegian multilingual films
18930432	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitagawa	Kitagawa	Kitagawa (written: 北川 or 喜多川) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include: Asami Kitagawa, Olympic swimmer Fuyuhiko Kitagawa, poet and film critic Ichitarō Kitagawa, famous woodblock artist and painter who later changed his name to Yusuke and Utamaro Issei Kitagawa, politician Johnny (Hiromu) Kitagawa (1931–2019), boy band promoter Joseph Kitagawa, historian of religions, dean of University of Chicago Divinity School in the 1970s Katsutoshi Kitagawa, lyricist, see Aria, worked with Rieko Itou. Kazuo Kitagawa, cabinet minister of forestry in Japan Keiichi Kitagawa, biker Keiko Kitagawa, actress/model , Japanese footballer Mary Kitagawa, Canadian educator Masao Kitagawa (1910–1995), botanist Miyuki Kitagawa, manga writer, such as Ano Ko ni 1000% Rio Kitagawa, singer and member of the j-pop group Morning Musume Sho Kitagawa, manga writer for Hotman and C (manga) who inspired Itaru Hinoue Susumu Kitagawa (born 1951), Japanese chemist Takurō Kitagawa, voice actor of Sigma Seven Tomokatsu Kitagawa, politician Tsutomu Kitagawa, actor and stunt man Yonehiko Kitagawa, voice actor Yoshio Kitagawa, football player Yuuko Kitagawa, a manga author Fictional characters Jun Kitagawa (Kanon) from Kanon Kenta Kitagawa from Digimon Frontier Mai Kitagawa from World Trigger Yusuke Kitagawa from Persona 5 See also Kitagawa, Kōchi prefecture Kitagawa, Miyazaki prefecture Tosa-Kitagawa Station Japanese-language surnames
42178043	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pygarctia%20angelus	Pygarctia angelus	Pygarctia angelus is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1907. It is found in Mexico. References Arctiidae genus list at Butterflies and Moths of the World of the Natural History Museum Moths described in 1907 Phaegopterina
40486766	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20B%C4%83l%C4%83i%C8%9B%C4%83	George Bălăiță	George Bălăiță (; 17 April 1935 in Bacău – 16 April 2017 in Bucharest) was a Romanian novelist. References 1935 births 2017 deaths Burials at Bellu Cemetery People from Bacău Romanian novelists Romanian male novelists International Writing Program alumni
7348760	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20DeWitt%20%28athlete%29	John DeWitt (athlete)	John Riegel DeWitt (October 29, 1881 – July 28, 1930) was an American athlete, including a legendary college football player. As a track and field athlete, DeWitt competed mainly in the hammer throw. He competed for the United States in the 1904 Summer Olympics held in St. Louis in the hammer throw where he won the silver medal. He was also a prominent guard and kicker for the Princeton Tigers football team. In an attempt to name retroactive Heisman Trophy winners, Dewitt was awarded it for 1903. Walter Camp placed him on an all-time All-America team. One writer calls him Princeton's greatest football player. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1954. References 1881 births 1930 deaths American male hammer throwers Athletes (track and field) at the 1904 Summer Olympics Olympic silver medalists for the United States in track and field Princeton Tigers football players All-American college football players American football guards College Football Hall of Fame inductees American football drop kickers Medalists at the 1904 Summer Olympics People from Warren County, New Jersey Players of American football from New Jersey
25751294	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruit%20van%20Bonjol	Ruit van Bonjol	The Ruit Bonjol commemorates the conquest of the fortress Bonjol in the former Dutch East Indies in 1837 after the prolonged Padri War against Tuanku Imam Bonjol and his followers. Sources P.J.d'Artillac Brill Sr., "Beknopte geschiedenis der Nederlandse Ridderorden", 1951 H.G. Meijer, C.P. Mulder en B.W. Wagenaar, "Orders and Decorations of The Netherlands",1984 J.A. van Zelm van Eldik, Moed en Eer, 2003 External links Lijst van gedecoreerden Military awards and decorations of the Netherlands Dutch East Indies History of Sumatra
31187702	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenon%20%28pinball%29	Xenon (pinball)	Xenon is a 1980 pinball machine designed by Greg Kmiec and released by Bally. The game was not only the first talking pinball table by Bally, but also the first with a female voice. Description The voice for the female robot theme was provided by Suzanne Ciani who also composed the music of the game. The seductive voice is for example saying "Try Xeeeeenon" in attraction mode or responds to bumper hits with some "Oooh" and "Aaah" moaning sound effects. Xenon consists of dominant blue artwork e.g. blue bumper caps, plastic posts and bluish light that gives the game a futuristic xenon theme. The tube shot is the most prominent playfield feature and transports the ball from the upper-right side of the playfield to the middle-left side of the playfield. It consists of a clear acrylic tube with a string of small lights. An episode of Omni: The New Frontier has a segment that talks about the creation of the game's audio. Digital version Xenon was among twelve titles included in the 2006 digital arcade game UltraPin by UltraCade Technologies. It was chosen in a poll for inclusion in FarSight Studios' 2012 release The Pinball Arcade, and was available for purchase on several platforms until the developer's license to include Williams and Bally tables expired in July 2018. See also The Machine: Bride of Pin•Bot References External links IPDB listing for Xenon Xenon by Suzanne Ciani: a complete collection of Suzanne Ciani’s pioneering musical effects for Xenon 1980 pinball machines Bally pinball machines
55178608	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin%20Bazil	Kevin Bazil	Kevin Bazil (born 24 November 1989) is a Guyanese cricketer. He has played first-class cricket for Guyana. He was named in the Cayman Islands' squad for the 2017 ICC World Cricket League Division Five tournament in South Africa. He played in the Cayman Islands' opening fixture, against Qatar, on 3 September 2017. See also List of Guyanese representative cricketers References External links 1989 births Living people Guyanese cricketers Guyana cricketers Caymanian cricketers Place of birth missing (living people)
44655104	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004%20F%C3%B3rmula%20Truck%20season	2004 Fórmula Truck season	The 2004 Fórmula Truck season was the 9th Fórmula Truck season. It began on March 14 at Caruaru and ended on December 5 at Brasília. Calendar and results All races were held in Brazil. References External links 2004 in Brazilian motorsport 2004
16169105	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven%20Kleiman	Steven Kleiman	Steven Lawrence Kleiman (born March 31, 1942) is an American mathematician. Professional career Kleiman is a Professor of Mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Born in Boston, he did his undergraduate studies at MIT. He received his Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1965, after studying there with Oscar Zariski and David Mumford, and joined the MIT faculty in 1969. Kleiman held the prestigious NATO Postdoctoral Fellowship (1966-1967), Sloan Fellowship (1968), and Guggenheim Fellowship (1979). Contributions Kleiman is known for his work in algebraic geometry and commutative algebra. He has made seminal contributions in motivic cohomology, moduli theory, intersection theory and enumerative geometry. A 2002 study of 891 academic collaborations in enumerative geometry and intersection theory covered by Mathematical Reviews found that he was not only the most prolific author in those areas, but also the one with the most collaborative ties, and the most central author of the field in terms of closeness centrality; the study's authors proposed to name the collaboration graph of the field in his honor. Awards and honors In 1989 the University of Copenhagen awarded him an honorary doctorate and in May 2002 the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters hosted a conference in honor of his 60th birthday and elected him as a foreign member. In 1992 Kleiman was elected foreign member of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters. In 2012 he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society. He was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematics at Nice in 1970. Selected publications . . . . . . . See also Cone of curves (Kleiman-Mori cone) Kleiman's theorem References External links 1942 births Living people 20th-century American mathematicians 21st-century American mathematicians Algebraic geometers Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science faculty Harvard University alumni Members of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters Fellows of the American Mathematical Society Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni Mathematicians from Massachusetts
4630708	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ORP%20S%C4%99p%20%281938%29	ORP Sęp (1938)	ORP Sęp was an serving in the Polish Navy during World War II. In Polish her name means Vulture. Construction Built at the Dutch shipyard Rotterdamsche Droogdok Maatschappij, she was laid down in November 1936 and launched on 17 October 1938. In early 1939 the Polish team supervising the building of the ship noticed a significant slowdown in her construction, which it attributed to the action of German agents. Because of fears that German pressure on the Netherlands would prevent that country from delivering the ship into Polish hands, it was decided to bring the ship to Poland earlier than scheduled. On 2 April, the ship left for deep water sea trials in Horten, Norway, with a crew of Polish sailors and Dutch technicians, under the Dutch flag. After completing the trials, the Polish crew took control of the ship (against the will of the Dutch technicians on board), raised the Polish flag and left Horten to rendezvous with the Polish destroyer outside the harbour. All but two Dutch workers were left ashore in Norway. From Burza the submarine received additional crew and supplies, then sailed under her escort to Poland. On the way the ship ran out of diesel fuel and had to be taken in tow by the destroyer. On 18 April Sęp arrived in Gdynia, entering the harbour on her electric engines, and was officially commissioned into the Polish navy. The remaining two Dutch technicians were released and allowed to return home. The fitting out of the ship continued in Poland, with parts arriving from the Netherlands after the relations with the Dutch were repaired following the "hijacking", but was not finished before the war broke out, hence the ship was not at full readiness in September 1939. A visit to Rotterdam to finish the fitting out was contemplated but the outbreak of war prevented it. World War II Sęp sailed into the naval port of Hel a few days before the war started, commanded by kmdr ppor. Władysław Salamon. On 1 September, the first day the war, the submarine took up her patrol sector in accordance with the Worek Plan. On 2 September she attacked a German destroyer with a single torpedo which missed, with the destroyer responding with heavy depth-charging which damaged the submarine, causing water leaks. On 3 September Sęp was attacked again and suffered more damage, which caused more leaks into the ship. With her position clearly revealed to the enemy, the submarine left her assigned sector and began to sail in the direction of Gotland Island. Over the next few days she operated without contact with the enemy in the vicinity of Sweden, her crew trying to repair the damage, and her captain requesting permission to return to base in order to carry out more repairs, which was denied. On 13 September the submarine received orders permitting her to sail to England if possible, and otherwise to be interned in a neutral Swedish port. The crew at first decided to sail for England but over the next few days the ship's condition deteriorated further, with serious leaks into the ship when submerged, and the submerging itself taking up to 30 minutes, unacceptably long if the ship was to successfully pass through German patrols on the way to England. On 15 September her commander decided to sail for Sweden. On 17 September the submarine appeared off Stockholm and requested permission to enter the harbor to carry out repairs. These were clearly so extensive that they could not be finished in the limited time allowed under international law, so the submarine's commander decided that the ship should be interned by the Swedish authorities. In late September the ship was disarmed and her propulsion systems disabled. In early 1940 attempts were made for Sęp and the two other interned Polish submarines to be released by Sweden and allowed to proceed to Britain, after necessary repairs. However, with German wartime successes, particularly the German occupation of Norway, the possibility of Sweden allowing such a move receded. The Polish submarines were moved around various Swedish ports in the course of the war, and even received maintenance work, but were not allowed to leave. Post-war service After the war ended, on 23 June 1945 a Polish Military Commission arrived in Sweden to arrange for the return of the interned submarines to Poland. On 5 September the submarines officially returned to Polish control, and after repair work left Sweden on 21 October, and reached the Polish coast on 25 October. On 30 November 1945 Sęp was again officially commissioned into the Polish Navy. In 1946 she was rearmed with Soviet caliber torpedoes and guns. In 1951 eight crew members were accused of plotting to defect with the ship to Sweden, and were prosecuted in a Stalinist show trial. In a 1959 Polish film the ship was used to portray her twin . In 1959 the submarine became a training ship. She remained the largest submarine of the postwar Polish Navy until 1962 when it commissioned the first of four Soviet-built s, which were of similar size. In 1964 she suffered a serious fire (8 crewmembers died), after which she was repaired, but was not fully operational. In 1969 the ship suffered another accident while submerged. The ship was decommissioned on 15 September 1969 and subsequently scrapped in 1972. In 2002 the Polish Navy commissioned the second ORP Sęp, a obtained from Norway. Notes External links Detailed timeline of the submarine Description on www.dutchsubmarines.com Orzeł-class submarines World War II submarines of Poland 1938 ships Ships built in the Netherlands
55794950	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Game%20Awards%202017	The Game Awards 2017	The Game Awards 2017 was an award show that honored the best video games of 2017, and took place at the Microsoft Theater in Los Angeles on December 7, 2017. The event was hosted by Geoff Keighley, and was live streamed around the world across various platforms, with 11.5 million viewers in total watching the event. The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild won three awards, including Game of the Year. Two indie games, Cuphead and Hellblade: Senua's Sacrifice, also won three awards each. Presentation The presentation was held at the Microsoft Theater in Los Angeles on December 7, 2017 hosted by Geoff Keighley, and live streamed across sixteen different content platforms worldwide. An integrated public voting system was included on Google Search and Twitter; and on Twitch, the show had an interactive overlay that allowed viewers to predict award winners before they are announced, the first such use of one on the platform. Certain streaming platforms also incentivized viewers to watch the Awards presentation through their specific service by entering those viewers into raffles for free games. A month before the show, Facebook began presenting a five-part making-of documentary series on it via its Watch video service, known as "The Road to The Game Awards". During the event, sales on some of the nominated games were held across numerous game distribution platforms, such as the PlayStation Network and Steam. Alongside a mini-documentary shown at the show, a special Industry Icon award was given to Carol Shaw, who was one of the first female video game designers in the industry. Broadcast and viewership The show included musical performances from French indie pop band Phoenix and The Game Awards Orchestra, a mixed group consisting of an orchestra and other guest musicians, such as Avenged Sevenfold guitarist Synyster Gates and cellist Tina Guo, who performed music from a number of the nominated games. The show also had numerous guests as award presenters or commentators, such as Metal Gear series creator Hideo Kojima, Mortal Kombat series creator Ed Boon, Nintendo of America president Reggie Fils-Aimé, film director Guillermo del Toro, television producers Justin Roiland and Conan O'Brien, and actors Norman Reedus, Andy Serkis, Felicia Day, Aisha Tyler, and Zachary Levi. Keighley reported that around 11.5 million viewers watched the show, tripling the 3.8 million viewers from The Game Awards 2016. Keighley believed part of this was their approach to gamify the show with the interactive winner predictions on their Twitch and Steam broadcasts, which also helped to increase the average length of time viewers watched, from about 25 minutes the previous year to 70 minutes in 2017. Keighley also attributes the higher viewership due to the quality of games that were released in 2017 and nominated, and the anticipation for yet-seen game trailers and new game announcements, though he wants to avoid future shows from being more like E3. One highlight of the ceremony, noted by several outlets, was a rant given by game director Josef Fares while being interviewed on stage by Keighley to discuss his game, A Way Out. Fares, who had a prior history in the film industry before starting video game development, started his rant by saying "Fuck the Oscars", before speaking about how the Game Awards ceremony helped to highlight the developers and personalities that were passionate about their work. He also spoke a bit to the then-recent situation around loot boxes and microtransactions related to Electronic Arts' game Star Wars Battlefront II; as Electronic Arts is also the publisher for A Way Out, Fares stated that while "It's nice to hate EA", that "All publishers fuck up sometimes, you know?", while expressing his appreciate for their support for his game. Fares said in a later interview that he was "caught up in the moment", but still believed in the general points he had been trying to make; specifically, Fares indicated that video games as a medium was still seen in its infancy by most other media sources and that the Game Awards was treating the industry with the proper respect. Game announcements In addition to trailers and presentations for upcoming games and content for current ones, a short teaser for a game by FromSoftware was also shown, later revealed to be Sekiro: Shadows Die Twice. The show also included trailers from two films, Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle and The Shape of Water. The list of games that were featured included: Accounting+ Bayonetta and Bayonetta 2 Nintendo Switch ports Bayonetta 3 Death Stranding Dreams Fade to Silence Fortnite GTFO In the Valley of Gods The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild downloadable content (DLC) Metro Exodus PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds Sea of Thieves Soulcalibur VI Vacation Simulator A Way Out Witchfire World War Z Awards The nominees were announced on November 14, 2017. In order to be eligible, candidate games must have had either a commercial or early access release date on or before November 27, 2017. The list of nominees were selected by a panel of 51 people in the video game industry, with the top five games (or six in the case of ties) selected in each category presented as nominees. Public voting for awards ran from November 14 until December 6. Public voting only counted towards 10% of the winners' selection in the jury-voted awards, while it was the sole consideration for the fan's choice awards. At the end of polling, Keighley said that most of the categories had over five million votes each, and there was over eight million voters overall. Two major award changes were made in the Awards structure for the 2017 show. First, the previous "Best Mobile/Handheld Game" was split into separate "Best Mobile Game" and "Best Handheld Game" awards, reflecting the differences in how handheld and mobile games are developed and marketed. Second, a new award for "Best Ongoing Game" was offered for games that continue to provide new content as a service model. Another new award, the Student Game Award, was established to highlight games developed by students in higher education programs, and was selected from a panel of five industry leaders: Todd Howard, Hideo Kojima, Ilkka Paananen, Kim Swift, and Vince Zampella. All awards, except for Best Multiplayer, were announced during the December 7 presentation. Keighley reported this was an oversight related to a last-minute change in the trailer material for PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds (which had won the award), and confirmed the winner the day after. Winners are listed first and shown in bold. Jury-voted awards Fan's choice awards Honorary awards Games with multiple nominations and awards References External links 2017 awards 2017 awards in the United States 2017 in Los Angeles 2017 in video gaming The Game Awards ceremonies 2017 video game awards
48210978	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugarloaf%20Peak	Sugarloaf Peak	Sugarloaf is a rhyolite dome located just below the San Francisco Peaks in Flagstaff, Arizona. It formed after the sideways eruption of the mountain, which occurred in a similar fashion to the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. References Mountains of Arizona Cinder cones of the United States Volcanoes of Arizona Flagstaff, Arizona Mountains of Coconino County, Arizona North American 2000 m summits
57334270	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giacalone	Giacalone	Giacalone is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Anthony Giacalone (1919–2001), organized crime figure Paul Giacalone (1939–2013), singer and drummer of American group The Fireflies Vito Giacalone (1923–2012), organized crime figure Italian-language surnames
4911008	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark%20Rivers%20of%20the%20Heart	Dark Rivers of the Heart	Dark Rivers of the Heart is a novel by Dean Koontz, published in 1994. Plot Spencer Grant is a man with a tainted, yet shadowy past with a lovable dog, Rocky, who together embark on a quest to find a life in a woman named Valerie Keene, whom he meets in a nightclub. Grant and his dog come back to the club later to find out that the woman is late for work. When Grant attempts to find her at her home, a SWAT-like team bombards the place, sending Grant into confusion. Grant is now determined to find Valerie. He searches for her in Las Vegas and is pursued by a secret government agency who are also looking for Valerie. He gets caught in a storm in the Nevada desert and is injured. He is rescued by Valerie and she helps Spencer's injuries. Meanwhile, Roy Miro, a high-ranking official in the agency, is the main antagonist who has been looking for Valerie for months. He and the agency use a satellite to find Spencer and Valerie's location in the desert. Roy and some agents get into a helicopter and corner them into a shopping center. Spencer and Valerie take hostage a helicopter and fly out of Nevada to Colorado to visit the house Spencer had his childhood in. When Spencer was 14 years old he heard a noise in the night and went out to the barn in the backyard to investigate. Inside the barn he found his father torturing a woman and Spencer found a gun but only wounds his father. His father was later sent to a mental hospital. Roy takes Spencer's father out of the hospital and flies to the Colorado house to confront Spencer and Valerie. Spencer's father shoots Roy in the barn, which only paralyzes Roy. Spencer then fatally shoots his father while he and Valerie leave the barn. They use a satellite heat beam to disable the other agents while leaving the house and starting a new life together helping a resistance group against the government agency. Dystopian novels Novels by Dean Koontz 1994 American novels 1994 science fiction novels Alfred A. Knopf books Books with cover art by Chip Kidd
27941926	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Dubetz	John Dubetz	John Dubetz (1916-2002) was a politician from Alberta, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta from 1959 to 1963 as a member of the Social Credit caucus in government. Political career Dubetz ran for a seat to the Alberta Legislature in the 1959 Alberta general election as a Social Credit candidate in the electoral district of Redwater. He defeated incumbent Liberal MLA Alfred Macyk and future Senator Martha Bielish with just under half of the popular vote to pick up the district for his party. He retired at dissolution of the assembly in 1963. References External links Legislative Assembly of Alberta Members Listing Alberta Social Credit Party MLAs 1916 births 2002 deaths People from Smoky Lake County
44874888	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodlands%2C%20Ashgrove	Woodlands, Ashgrove	Woodlands is a heritage-listed detached house at 24 Woodland Street, Ashgrove, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1880s to 1930s. It is also known as Clarke's Farm and Glen Urquhart. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 4 August 1997. History Woodlands is situated on part of the 30 acres of land originally purchased in 1868 by James Clarke and known as Clarke's Farm. From at least 1882 Clarke and a William Reinhold prospected for gold on the property. In 1883, the land, together with a small house and outbuildings, was sold to William Widdop, although Clarke and Reinhold continued their activities. In the same year, Professor John Henry Pepper leased the property for himself and his family. Pepper, an analytical chemist, also had an interest in other branches of the sciences, particularly the application of electricity. He had arrived in Brisbane in 1881 after gaining a name in his native England and abroad as an educator and populariser of science and for introducing evening classes to the London Polytechnic. He gave lectures and staged entertaining demonstrations including the famous illusion named Pepper's ghost. In Brisbane, he gave early demonstrations of electric light and of the gramophone as well as setting up courses in science at schools and introducing chemistry classes at the School of Arts. He also opened a laboratory in Queen Street as a consulting analytical chemist. He is credited with the first formal teaching of chemistry in Queensland. Following an agreement made in 1883 with Widdop, who agreed to sell the property to Pepper if no payable gold was found, Pepper erected a house on the property, which is now known as "Woodlands". In 1886 this agreement became the subject of a legal dispute that was settled in favour of Pepper, who then purchased the land. In 1889 he sold the property to Charles Plant and returned to England. Plant, who had extensive gold mining interests in north Queensland, including the Venus Battery, used the property to stay at when in Brisbane until he retired there in 1897/8 for the benefit of his children's education. About this time he erected a grand house for himself, adjacent to Pepper's house, which he named "Ferndale" and erected a decorative wrought iron fence along Woodland Street that enclosed both houses. Pepper's former house was rented out until 1922, when the land was subdivided in anticipation of the marriage of Plant's elder daughter, Hilda. The house and land were placed in the name of her fiance, John MacDonald Grant, who had been in military service at Gallipoli and in France with Eric and Reg Plant, two of Hilda's brothers. In the same year, Plant made a similar provision for his other daughter, Oenone, transferring land between the former Pepper house and Ferndale to her future husband, John Finlay. This land was not built on however, and was used until the 1950s as an extension to the garden of the Grant's home, which they called Glen Urquhart. In 1933 a new room in the current, Art Deco style was added to the south east corner of the house by architects Addison and MacDonald. In 1932 Charles Plant died and in 1936 the land on which Ferndale stood was subdivided and the house was demolished. It had featured handsome carved cedar joinery and a ballroom surmounted by a lantern decorated with leadlight panels. These panels and some decorative joinery were then incorporated into the Grant home. Hilda Grant died in 1943 after prolonged ill health. She had been deeply involved with the Australian Red Cross in both World Wars, being President of the Ashgrove Branch in World War II and Convenor of the Ithaca Branch of the Australian Comforts Fund. She was also commissioner for Girl Guides in the 1930s. John Grant lived until the age of 94, dying in 1977. Although he was trained as an engineer, becoming Chief Assistant Engineer for Brisbane Tramways, he retained his military associations after World War I. In 1938 he was appointed to command and raise the 61st Battalion of the Queensland Cameron Highlanders, which he did with notable success. They were later to play a significant role in the Battle of Milne Bay in 1942. Grant was also inaugural president of the Ashgrove RSL. During his presidency between 1932–35, committee meetings were held at his home. Woodland Street remains the official Ashgrove marshalling area on Anzac Day, a reminder of Grant's early role in organising Anzac Day observances in the area. Following his death, the land accompanying the house was subdivided into two blocks. Lot No. 2 on which the house is located was purchased by its present owners, Mrs Janet and Major Austin Hogan in 1979 and named "Woodlands" the house having no name. Mrs Janet Hogan is a recognised author on Queensland's heritage and is well known for her work in furthering an awareness of the State's heritage, especially the built environment. In co-operation with newspapers, magazines and television stations, she has worked on the production of many educational programmes. Mrs Janet and Major Austin have both played integral roles in the National Trust of Queensland and in recognition of their work, they have both been awarded Honorary Life Membership of the National Trust. Description Woodlands is today situated on half an acre of land. The garden contains large mature trees, including a weeping fig, silky oaks, jacarandas, poincianas, Moreton Bay chestnuts, casuarinas, pines, flame trees and an albizia. It has a privet hedge along the front fence dating from at least the 1920s. A decorative wrought iron fence, gates and matching tree guards, constructed of Lowmoor iron and marked Baleys Patent Albion, survive from Charles Plant's time. The house is a single storey, timber building on stumps, low set at the front and high at the back where the land falls away to the former mining gully. The main, 1883 section is roughly square in plan, with walls of single skin, vertical beaded tongue and groove boards on a hardwood frame that has pegged tenoned joints visible at external door heads and windows. The roof is clad with corrugated iron. It has six main rooms with front and back hallways leading into the dining room. The joinery is cedar and the large cedar fireplace remains in the dining room. There are timber fretwork roses in the twelve foot ceilings. Cedar French doors with fanlights open onto the formerly encircling verandahs. The hall/dining room doors have etched and coloured glass panels in the upper sections. The leadlights believed to have been transferred from Ferndale have distinctive geometric patterns and have been incorporated as decorative features in internal and external walls and some fanlights. Wall panels are generally accompanied by elaborately carved cedar shelf/brackets, believed also to come from Ferndale. Externally, the "new room" added in 1933 sits comfortably at the corner of the house but has some distinctive details, in particular the concave sweep between the upper eaves and verandah roof levels of the original house, the sweep being clad with cedar shingles. Internally it has a plaster "art deco" ceiling, silky oak joinery and panelling, including panelled doors with crossed diagonal decorative mouldings. The diagonal cross design is repeated in the casement windows and in the fixed and sliding leadlight panels that replaced the wall dividing this room from the drawing room. The adjoining verandah, now a breakfast room has cedar bi-fold windows that match the design of the casements in the "new room". There is a fireplace for an electric fire that survives. Some modernisation also carried out in other rooms at the time, includes the installation of a matching fireplace in the drawing room and its Art Deco green tiling, a terrazzo hearth and a green enamel stove in the original brick stove recess of the kitchen. The house retains its 1930s form, together with a high degree of intact detail, including door furniture and the remains of gas lighting in the bedrooms. The bedrooms also have built-in hand basins set in timber beaded cupboards. Heritage listing Woodlands was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 4 August 1997 having satisfied the following criteria. The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history. Constructed in 1883, Woodlands and its grounds are important for the evidence they provide of the way of life of prosperous citizens in the outer reaches of Brisbane in the late nineteenth century. The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places. The house is important as an example of a fine quality 1880s residence that is substantially intact, both internally and externally. The grounds and gardens, which contain mature plantings including several specimen trees, an early privet hedge and rare surviving ironwork fence and gates, contribute to the overall integrity of the property. The place is important because of its aesthetic significance. The fine quality of interior finishes and fixtures, which include extensive decorative cedar joinery and leadlight panels give Woodlands considerable aesthetic significance. The large room, which was added in 1933, is of interest as an unusual and intact example of an Art Deco style interior incorporating extensive timber panelling and strong diagonal cross designs for the windows, doors and screens. The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland's history. Woodlands, is important for its association with several notable owners who have contributed to the development of Queensland in the fields of education, mining, defence, community service and the heritage conservation movement. For their work in furthering an awareness of the State's heritage, Mrs Janet and Major Austin Hogan are particularly noted. See also Woodlands, Marburg, another Queensland Heritage-listed historic house also near Brisbane References Attribution External links Queensland Heritage Register Ashgrove, Queensland Houses in Queensland Articles incorporating text from the Queensland Heritage Register
59598439	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hibbertia%20amplexicaulis	Hibbertia amplexicaulis	Hibbertia amplexicaulis is a species of flowering plant in the family Dilleniaceae and is endemic to Western Australia. It is a prostrate, sprawling, straggling or ascending shrub that typically grows to a height of , rarely as tall as . It blooms between August and March producing yellow flowers. It was first formally described in 1845 by Ernst Gottlieb von Steudel in Lehmann's Plantae Preissianae. The specific epithet (amplexicaulis) means "stem-clasping", referring to the leaves. This species is found throughout the Peel, southern Wheatbelt, South West and Great Southern regions of Western Australia in coastal areas, swamps and ridges where it grows in sandy lateritic or granitic soils, often over limestone. See also List of Hibbertia species References amplexicaulis Flora of Western Australia Plants described in 1845 Taxa named by Ernst Gottlieb von Steudel
67135783	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pu%E1%B9%87%E1%B9%87a%20Sun%C4%81parantaka	Puṇṇa Sunāparantaka	Ven. Puṇṇa Sunāparantaka, also simply known as Punna, is one of the important figures appearing in early Buddhist literature. The Ven. Puṇṇa addressed to in the Puṇṇasuttaṃ is, according to the commentaries, Ven. Puṇṇa Sunāparantaka, a vaishya merchant, native of Sunāparanta, who became a bhikkhu after listening to the Buddha as he passed through Sāvatthī on one of his travels. When asked by the Buddha what he would think if people were to assault or kill him, each time Puṇṇa Sunāparantaka explained how he would find himself fortunate. As a result, the Buddha commended Puṇṇa Sunāparantaka on his self-control and peacefulness. Puṇṇa Sunāparantaka went on to establish thousands of lay followers in the Buddha's teaching. Upon Sunāparantaka's death, the Buddha discerned that he had attained final Nirvana. See also Atthakatha - Commentaries on Pali Tipitaka Savatthi References Buddhism-related lists Buddhist monks External links "Punna" in the Buddhist Dictionary of Pali Proper Names.
21826190	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriangkrai%20Chasang	Kriangkrai Chasang	Kriangkrai Chasang (, born January 25, 1988) is a Thai professional footballer who plays as a defender. Honours Club Bangkok United Thai League 1: 2006 External links Kriangkrai Chasang at Goal 1988 births Living people Kriangkrai Chasang Kriangkrai Chasang Association football defenders Kriangkrai Chasang Kriangkrai Chasang Kriangkrai Chasang Kriangkrai Chasang Kriangkrai Chasang Kriangkrai Chasang Kriangkrai Chasang
36589596	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triptych%20%28Frey%20novel%29	Triptych (Frey novel)	Triptych is a 2011 debut novel by Canadian author J.M. Frey. The novel follows three narrators as they recount the events surrounding major turning points in the life of Gwen Pierson, a languages specialist: Evvie Pierson, Gwen's mother a housewife in rural southern Ontario; Kalp, an alien refugee from a dead planet living in England and Gwen's lover; and Basil Grey, a Welsh computer engineer. Plot summary Before The novel begins in a small Welsh town in 2013, where Basil Grey, a mechanical engineer and a member of the United Nation's run Institute, has just witnessed his lover, an alien named Kalp, being shot to death in their living room. Basil's coworkers, led by Agent Aitken, shot him for a traitor and a spy, and drag Basil out of the house and to the Institute's interrogation rooms. He is joined by his wife, Gwen Pierson, and as she tries to convince him that Kalp had betrayed them, Basil has a revelation about a small mechanical device he had seen in the Institutes workrooms, which he has nicknamed a "Flasher". Part I: Back Narrated by Evvie Pierson, the first part of the book opens on a fall day in 1983 on the Pierson Family farm. Evvie's gardening is interrupted when an alien spaceship crash lands in her raspberry patch and the pilot attempts to murder both her and her infant daughter, Gwennie. They are saved by Basil Grey and an adult Gwen Pierson, who didn't realize that the Flasher would make them travel backwards in time. Over the course of twenty four hours, Basil attempts to repair the Flasher so they can make a return trip to the 21st Century; Gwen, Basil, and her father Mark bury both the body of the alien pilot and the space ship; and Gwen reveals to Evvie that they have a tumultuous relationship in the future and that Gwen has stopped speaking to her mother. Evvie blames herself and resolves to do her best to repair the rift when Gwen has grown up. Gwen also reveals that she was married to both Kalp and Basil in a triad relationship called an Aglunate, a tradition of Kalp's people, but that Kalp was killed for selling secrets about the Institute to a group of assassins who are targeting Institute employees. With the help Evvie, Basil and Gwen realize that the assassins are time travelling to target Aglunated Institute Employees and as such, Kalp can't have been the traitor. Overwhelmed with relief and grieving their lost lover, Basil and Gwen return to 2013 to clear Kalp's name and to try to locate the actual traitor. Evvie writes a letter to Kalp, intending to warn him of his impending death in an effort to change the future. Part II: Middle Told from Kalp's POV, this section encompasses his first meeting with Basil and Gwen (who are already dating and living together) at the Institute through to his death. Kalp is assigned to a team with Gwen and Basil, who are working together to try to build a solar power generator based on shared alien technology. Over the course of the section, it is revealed that Kalp's home planet was destroyed in a natural disaster and a very small ship of refugees was able to escape and seek asylum on Earth. Kalp's family – his Agulnates Maru and Trus – were among the dead. Kalp had volunteered to work at the Institute, which was set up by the United Nations in an effort to aid the aliens in acclimatizing to human cultures. Overwhelmed by the kindness shown to him by Basil and Gwen, Kalp soon falls in love with the couple and moves in with them. He convinces them to become his lovers on Christmas Eve, several hours after Gwen has revealed that she has fallen pregnant with Basil's child. There is an extremely negative media backlash to their Aglunation, and as a result the Aglunate is attacked outside of a concert hall. Gwen loses the baby and Kalp is grievously injured. An unknown assassins group begins to target Institute Employees, and Kalp is suspected of selling Institute training secrets to the group and placed under house arrest. Kalp receives a vaguely threatening letter from an anonymous stranger and decides that he must attempt to escape the Institute and clear his name. He is, however, caught by Agent Aitken and shot. Part III: After Basil and Gwen have returned to 2013 twenty four hours after they left. At first they are taken into custody for being AWOL and theft, but they eventually convince the Institute of both Kalp's innocence and their own. They are allowed to join a secret ops mission to break the assassin's circle and capture the ring leaders. During the assault, Gwen and Basil stumble upon a warehouse where exactly the same alien ship that they shot down in 1983 is preparing to travel back in time. They are surprised by the pilot – not an alien after all, but Agent Aitken, who reveals that she is both the mastermind behind the assassins circle and the traitor. She is an extreme bigot and zealot and has vowed to purge the world of the disgusting, unnatural people who participate in Aglunates, and has figured out how to use the alien technology to travel in time to kill those who accept and love the aliens before they can grow up and pervert the Institute. Gwen is injured in the attempt to stop her, and Basil unsuccessful at destroying the ship. He is, however, able to sabotage it. He then realizes that Agent Aitken has travelled back to the Pierson Farm in 1983, where he and Gwen will shoot the ship down and kill Aitken before the rogue agent has the ability to murder infant Gwennie. Next Basil and Gwen travel to the Pierson Farm in 2013 to retrieve the buried space ship and Aitken's remains. They travel alone in order to maintain their privacy and to keep media speculation to a minimum before the trial of the remaining assassins. After they have unburied the space ship, Mark coerces Basil to join him in mucking out barn. They discuss Basil's intentions towards Gwen, and Mark reminds Basil that he owes him a favour for destroying their betamax. Mark then offers Basil a family heirloom ring with which he'd like Basil to propose marriage to Gwen. Basil decides that he will, both in memory of Kalp and in order to open a new chapter in their lives where the shadow of the tragedy can finally be left behind. As he approaches the farm house with the ring, Basil catches sight of Evvie and Gwen's tearful reconciliation through the kitchen window. Characters Main characters Gwen Pierson – a Canadian woman in her early thirties. She specializes in languages, and was recruited to the Institute to help translate alien documents and speeches. She is Basil's girlfriend at the beginning of the novel and eventually also falls in love with and marries both Kalp and Basil in a traditional alien triad arrangement called an Aglunate. Gwen is initially extremely reluctant to enter into the Aglunate, but does eventually come to love Kalp as deeply as she loves Basil. Gwen is taciturn, generally snarky, and an only child. Kalp – an alien refugee from a dead world. Kalp was a structural engineer/architect on his home planet, and was in an Aglunate with Maru and Trus, who both died with the natural disaster struck. Desperately lonely and suffering acute culture shock at the beginning of the novel, he learns to adjust to Earth and falls in love with Gwen and Basil, his coworkers at the Institute. They eventually form an Aglunate of their own. Basil Grey – a Welsh mechanical engineer and super-geek. He was recruited to the Institute to help recreate beneficial alien technologies and placed on a team with Gwen. He wooed her with dirty alien poetry, and later enters into an Aglunate with Gwen and Kalp. He has two older sisters and several nieces and nephews, whom he adores. Evvie Pierson – A Canadian farmer's wife, and Gwen's mother. Evvie attempts to be open-minded about her daughter's relationships but doesn't approve of Basil, initially, and his horrified to learn that Gwen is sleeping with an alien. Eventually she comes to understand that Gwen is happy with her lovers, and to accept that her own perceptions of appropriate need to alter. Mark Pierson – a Canadian farmer and Gwen's father. Agent Aitken – a zealot and bigot who works for the Institute and is disgusted by all humans who fall in love and enter into sexual relationships with the aliens. She is secretly the head of a ring of assassins who are killing Aglunates, and murders Kalp. She is killed attempting to murder Gwen. Reviews "Debut author Frey knocks it out of the park with a remarkable tale of alien refugees, time travel, intrigue, the pervasive madness of grief, and love that transcends culture, gender, and species. Classic science fiction elements are smoothly updated for a modern audience." – Publishers Weekly's Rose Fox "Time travel, aliens, and the politics of sexuality combine with tragic violence in Frey's deeply satisfying debut. Aliens seeking refuge from their broken planet find it on peaceful Earth. Gwen Pierson and Basil Grey work for the U.N., helping the aliens to integrate. When alien Kalp joins their team, they learn that Kalp's people mate in threes, and soon the trio become the first human–alien marriage. Violent protests and assassinations threaten to unravel the fragile trust between the refugees and their human hosts, so Gwen and Basil follow the assassins--back in time to the 1980s, where Gwen's parents are still adjusting to raising newborn Gwennie. The near paradox is appropriately disorienting, but the story is so well-grounded in the characters that it never once loses its course. Frey tells the story from varying points of view in distinct voices, imagining a world at once completely alien and utterly human."—Publishers Weekly Starred Review "A stirring adventure, as well as a tender love story, from a first time author who truly embraces the limitless possibilities the future may bring. JM Frey's Triptych satisfies any sci-fi reader looking for a different take on the first contact motif, or anyone looking to explore the possible evolution of human sexuality and love." –Lambda Literary. "I was afraid we'd be left with a lot of technical asides and scientific musings to explore the aliens. Fortunately, nothing could be further from the truth. Instead of being cold and clinical, the approach here is warm and human. I won't spoil any of what happens between them, but I will say I shed tears of joy and tears of sorrow for this unusual family, and that's an accomplishment few authors can claim. Not only is this a wonderful story, but it's a wonderfully told story." –Sally Sapphire, The Bibrary Bookslut "I finished Triptych in one go last night, couldn't put it down even. It's a very impressive first novel and if Ms. Frey continues to do with science fiction what she's done in this book she might single-handedly be credited with reviving the entire genre. Bravo! Encore, encore!" –Todd McCaffrey, author of The Dragonriders of Pern series. Triptych has also been panned as an extended treatise on alien/human sex and for its lack of worldbuilding and depth of exploration of Kalp's homeworld and culture. However, other commentors have pointed out that Kalp's assimilation into Earth culture is what feeds the tragedy of his life. Awards SAN FRANCISCO BOOK FESTIVAL Science Fiction / Fantasy – winner LAMBDA LITERARY AWARDS (June 2012) Science Fiction / Fantasy / Spec Fic – nominated Bisexual Fiction – nominated CBC BOOKIE AWARDS (March 2012) Science Fiction / Fantasy / Spec. Fic – nominated PUBLISHERS WEEKLY'S BEST BOOKS OF 2011 (February 2012) Science Fiction / Fantasy / Horror – #3 on the list LONDON BOOK FESTIVAL (January 2012) Science Fiction / Fantasy – Honourable mention THE ADVOCATE'S BEST OVERLOOKED BOOKS OF 2011 (January 2012) Voted onto the list by readers of THE ADVOCATE References 2011 Canadian novels Canadian science fiction novels 2011 debut novels
29440	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavs	Slavs	Slavs are an ethnolinguistic group of people who speak the various Slavic languages of the larger Balto-Slavic linguistic group of the Indo-European languages. They are native to Eurasia, stretching from Central, Southeastern and Eastern Europe, all the way north and eastwards to Northeast Europe, Northern Asia (Siberia and the Russian Far East), and Central Asia (especially Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan), as well as historically in Western Europe (particularly in Eastern Germany) and Western Asia (including Anatolia). From the early 6th century they spread to inhabit most of Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe. Today, there is a large Slavic diaspora throughout the Americas, particularly in the United States, Canada, Brazil and Argentina as a result of immigration. Slavs are the largest ethnolinguistic group in Europe. Present-day Slavic people are classified into East Slavs (chiefly Belarusians, Russians, Rusyns, and Ukrainians), West Slavs (chiefly Czechs, Kashubs, Poles, Slovaks, and Sorbs) and South Slavs (chiefly Bosniaks, Bulgarians, Croats, Macedonians, Montenegrins, Serbs and Slovenes). Most Slavs are traditionally Christians. Eastern Orthodox Christianity, first introduced by missionaries from the Byzantine empire, is practiced by the majority of Slavs. The Orthodox Slavs include the Belarusians, Bulgarians, Macedonians, Montenegrins, Russians, Serbs, and Ukrainians and are defined by Orthodox customs and Cyrillic script (Montenegrins and Serbians also use Latin script on equal terms). The second most common type of Christianity among the Slavs is Catholicism, introduced by Latin-speaking missionaries from Western Europe. The Catholic Slavs include Croats, Czechs, Kashubs, Poles, Silesians, Slovaks, Slovenes, Gorals, and Sorbs and are defined by their Latinate influence and heritage and connection to Western Europe. Millions of Slavs also belong to Greek Catholic churches—that is, historically Orthodox communities that are now in visible unity with Rome and the Catholic Church, but which retain Byzantine practices, such as the Rusyns, as well as significant minorities of Ukrainians and Belarusians. There are also substantial Protestant, in particular Lutheran, minorities, especially among the West Slavs, such as the historical Bohemian (Czech) Hussites and Silesian Goral Lutherans. Some Slavic ethnic groups traditionally adhere to Islam. Muslim-majority Slavic ethnic groups include the Bosniaks, Gorani, and ethnic Muslims. Significant Slavic Muslim communities include ethnic Bulgarians (Pomaks) and Macedonians (Torbeši). Modern Slavic nations and ethnic groups are considerably diverse both genetically and culturally, and relations between them – even within the individual groups – range from "ethnic solidarity to mutual feelings of hostility". Ethnonym The oldest mention of the Slavic ethnonym is the 6th century AD Procopius, writing in Byzantine Greek, using various forms such as Sklaboi (), Sklabēnoi (), Sklauenoi (), Sthlabenoi (), or Sklabinoi (), while his contemporary Jordanes refers to the in Latin. The oldest documents written in Old Church Slavonic, dating from the 9th century, attest the autonym as Slověne (). These forms point back to a Slavic autonym which can be reconstructed in Proto-Slavic as , plural Slověne. The reconstructed autonym is usually considered a derivation from slovo ("word"), originally denoting "people who speak (the same language)", i. e. people who understand each other, in contrast to the Slavic word denoting German people, namely , meaning "silent, mute people" (from Slavic "mute, mumbling"). The word slovo ("word") and the related slava ("glory, fame") and ("hearing") originate from the Proto-Indo-European root ("be spoken of, glory"), cognate with Ancient Greek ( "fame"), as in the name Pericles, Latin ("be called"), and English . In Medieval and Early Modern sources written in Latin, Slavs are most commonly referred to as Sclaveni, or in shortened version Sclavi. History Origins First mentions Ancient Roman sources refer to the Early Slavic peoples as Veneti, who dwelt in a region of central Europe east of the Germanic tribe of Suebi, and west of the Iranian Sarmatians in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD, between the upper Vistula and Dnieper rivers. The Slavs under name of the Antes and the Sclaveni first appear in Byzantine records in the early 6th century. Byzantine historiographers under emperor Justinian I (527–565), such as Procopius of Caesarea, Jordanes and Theophylact Simocatta describe tribes of these names emerging from the area of the Carpathian Mountains, the lower Danube and the Black Sea, invading the Danubian provinces of the Eastern Empire. Jordanes, in his work Getica (written in 551 AD), describes the Veneti as a "populous nation" whose dwellings begin at the sources of the Vistula and occupy "a great expanse of land". He also describes the Veneti as the ancestors of Antes and Slaveni, two early Slavic tribes, who appeared on the Byzantine frontier in the early 6th century. Procopius wrote in 545 that "the Sclaveni and the Antae actually had a single name in the remote past; for they were both called Sporoi in olden times". The name Sporoi derives from Greek σπείρω ("I scatter grain"). He described them as barbarians, who lived under democracy, believed in one god, "the maker of lightning" (Perun), to whom they made a sacrifice. They lived in scattered housing and constantly changed settlement. In war, they were mainly foot soldiers with small shields and spears, lightly clothed, some entering battle naked with only genitals covered. Their language is "barbarous" (that is, not Greek), and the two tribes are alike in appearance, being tall and robust, "while their bodies and hair are neither very fair or blond, nor indeed do they incline entirely to the dark type, but they are all slightly ruddy in color. And they live a hard life, giving no heed to bodily comforts..." Jordanes described the Sclaveni having swamps and forests for their cities. Another 6th-century source refers to them living among nearly impenetrable forests, rivers, lakes, and marshes. Menander Protector mentions a Daurentius (circa 577–579) who slew an Avar envoy of Khagan Bayan I for asking the Slavs to accept the suzerainty of the Avars; Daurentius declined and is reported as saying: "Others do not conquer our land, we conquer theirs – so it shall always be for us". Migrations According to eastern homeland theory, prior to becoming known to the Roman world, Slavic-speaking tribes were part of the many multi-ethnic confederacies of Eurasia – such as the Sarmatian, Hun and Gothic empires. The Slavs emerged from obscurity when the westward movement of Germanic tribes in the 5th and 6th centuries CE (thought to be in conjunction with the movement of peoples from Siberia and Eastern Europe: Huns, and later Avars and Bulgars) started the great migration of the Slavs, who settled the lands abandoned by Germanic tribes fleeing the Huns and their allies: westward into the country between the Oder and the Elbe-Saale line; southward into Bohemia, Moravia, much of present-day Austria, the Pannonian plain and the Balkans; and northward along the upper Dnieper river. It has also been suggested that some Slavs migrated with the Vandals to the Iberian Peninsula and even North Africa. Around the 6th century, Slavs appeared on Byzantine borders in great numbers. Byzantine records note that Slav numbers were so great, that grass would not regrow where the Slavs had marched through. After a military movement even the Peloponnese and Asia Minor were reported to have Slavic settlements. This southern movement has traditionally been seen as an invasive expansion. By the end of the 6th century, Slavs had settled the Eastern Alps regions. Pope Gregory I in 600 CE wrote to Maximus, the bishop of Salona (in Dalmatia), in which he expresses concern about the arrival of the Slavs: "Et quidem de Sclavorum gente, quae vobis valde imminet, et affligor vehementer et conturbor. Affligor in his quae jam in vobis patior; conturbor, quia per Istriae aditum jam ad Italiam intrare coeperunt." ("I am both distressed and disturbed about the Slavs, who are pressing hard on you. I am distressed because I sympathize with you; I am disturbed because they have already begun to arrive in Italy through the entry-point of Istria.") Middle Ages When Slav migrations ended, their first state organizations appeared, each headed by a prince with a treasury and a defense force. In the 7th century, the Frankish merchant Samo supported the Slavs against their Avar rulers and became the ruler of the first known Slav state in Central Europe, Samo's Empire. This early Slavic polity probably did not outlive its founder and ruler, but it was the foundation for later West Slavic states on its territory. The oldest of them was Carantania; others are the Principality of Nitra, the Moravian principality (see under Great Moravia) and the Balaton Principality. The First Bulgarian Empire was founded in 681 as an alliance between the ruling Bulgars and the numerous slavs in the area, and their South Slavic language, the Old Church Slavonic, became the main and official language of the empire in 864. Bulgaria was instrumental in the spread of Slavic literacy and Christianity to the rest of the Slavic world. The expansion of the Magyars into the Carpathian Basin and the Germanization of Austria gradually separated the South Slavs from the West and East Slavs. Later Slavic states, which formed in the following centuries, included the Kievan Rus', the Second Bulgarian Empire, the Kingdom of Poland, Duchy of Bohemia, the Kingdom of Croatia, Banate of Bosnia and the Serbian Empire. Modern era In the late 19th century, there were four Slavic states in the world: the Russian Empire, the Principality of Serbia, the Principality of Montenegro and the Principality of Bulgaria. In the Austro-Hungarian Empire, out of a population of approximately 50 million people, about 23 million were Slavs. Because of the vastness and diversity of the territory occupied by Slavic people, there were several centers of Slavic consolidation. At the beginning of the 20th century, following the end of World War I and the collapse of the Central Powers, several Slavic nations emerged and became independent, such as the Second Polish Republic, First Czechoslovak Republic, and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (officially named Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes until 1929). After the end of the Cold War and subsequent collapse of the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia, additional new Slavic states emerged, such as the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Belarus, Russia and Ukraine. Pan-Slavism Pan-Slavism, a movement which came into prominence in the mid-19th century, emphasized the common heritage and unity of all the Slavic peoples. The main focus was in the Balkans where the South Slavs had been ruled for centuries by other empires: the Byzantine Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Venice. Languages Proto-Slavic, the supposed ancestor language of all Slavic languages, is a descendant of common Proto-Indo-European, via a Balto-Slavic stage in which it developed numerous lexical and morphophonological isoglosses with the Baltic languages. In the framework of the Kurgan hypothesis, "the Indo-Europeans who remained after the migrations [from the steppe] became speakers of Balto-Slavic". Proto-Slavic is defined as the last stage of the language preceding the geographical split of the historical Slavic languages. That language was uniform, and on the basis of borrowings from foreign languages and Slavic borrowings into other languages, cannot be said to have any recognizable dialects – this suggests that there was, at one time, a relatively small Proto-Slavic homeland. Slavic linguistic unity was to some extent visible as late as Old Church Slavonic (or Old Bulgarian) manuscripts which, though based on local Slavic speech of Thessaloniki, could still serve the purpose of the first common Slavic literary language. Slavic studies began as an almost exclusively linguistic and philological enterprise. As early as 1833, Slavic languages were recognized as Indo-European. Standardised Slavic languages that have official status in at least one country are: Belarusian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Macedonian, Montenegrin, Polish, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, and Ukrainian. Russian is the most spoken among Slavic languages, and it is also the most spoken native language in Europe. The alphabets used for Slavic languages are frequently connected to the dominant religion among the respective ethnic groups. Orthodox Christians use the Cyrillic alphabet while Catholics use the Latin alphabet; the Bosniaks, who are Muslim, also use the Latin alphabet. Additionally, some Eastern Catholics and Western Catholics use the Cyrillic alphabet. Serbian and Montenegrin use both the Cyrillic and Latin alphabets. There are also a Latin script to write in Belarusian, called Łacinka and in Ukrainian, called Latynka. Ethno-cultural subdivisions Slavs are customarily divided along geographical lines into three major subgroups: West Slavs, East Slavs, and South Slavs, each with a different and a diverse background based on the unique history, religion and culture of particular Slavic groups within them. Apart from prehistorical archaeological cultures, the subgroups have had notable cultural contact with non-Slavic Bronze- and Iron Age civilisations. Modern Slavic nations and ethnic groups are considerably diverse both genetically and culturally, and relations between them – even within the individual ethnic groups themselves – are varied, ranging from a sense of connection to mutual feelings of hostility. West Slavs originate from early Slavic tribes which settled in Central Europe after the East Germanic tribes had left this area during the migration period. They are noted as having mixed with Germanics, Hungarians, Celts (particularly the Boii), Old Prussians, and the Pannonian Avars. The West Slavs came under the influence of the Western Roman Empire (Latin) and of the Catholic Church. East Slavs have origins in early Slavic tribes who mixed and contacted with Finns and Balts. Their early Slavic component, Antes, mixed or absorbed Iranians, and later received influence from the Khazars and Vikings. The East Slavs trace their national origins to the tribal unions of Kievan Rus' and Rus' Khaganate, beginning in the 10th century. They came particularly under the influence of the Byzantine Empire and of the Eastern Orthodox Church. South Slavs from most of the region have origins in early Slavic tribes who mixed with the local Proto-Balkanic tribes (Illyrian, Dacian, Thracian, Paeonian, Hellenic tribes), and Celtic tribes (particularly the Scordisci), as well as with Romans (and the Romanized remnants of the former groups), and also with remnants of temporarily settled invading East Germanic, Asiatic or Caucasian tribes such as Gepids, Huns, Avars, Goths and Bulgars. The original inhabitants of present-day Slovenia and continental Croatia have origins in early Slavic tribes who mixed with Romans and romanized Celtic and Illyrian people as well as with Avars and Germanic peoples (Lombards and East Goths). The South Slavs (except the Slovenes and Croats) came under the cultural sphere of the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire), of the Ottoman Empire and of the Eastern Orthodox Church and Islam, while the Slovenes and the Croats were influenced by the Western Roman Empire (Latin) and thus by the Catholic Church in a similar fashion to that of the West Slavs. Genetics According to Y chromosome, mDNA, and autosomal marker CCR5de132, the gene pool of Eastern(Russians, Ukrainians, and Belarusians) and Western Slavs (Poles, Czechs, and Slovaks) is identical, which is consistent with the proximity of their languages, demonstrating significant differences from neighboring Finno-Ugric, Turkic, and North Caucasian peoples. Such genetic homogeneity is somewhat unusual, given such a wide dispersal of Slavic populations, especially Russians. Together they form the basis of the "East European" gene cluster, which also includes non-Slavic Hungarians and Aromanians. Only Northern Russians among East and West Slavs belong to a different, “Northern European” genetic cluster, along with Balts, Germanic and Baltic Finnic peoples (Northern Russian populations are very similar to Balts and even ). The 2006 Y-DNA study results "suggest that the Slavic expansion started from the territory of present-day Ukraine, thus supporting the hypothesis that places the earliest known homeland of Slavs in the basin of the middle Dnieper". According to genetic studies until 2020, the distribution, variance and frequency of the Y-DNA haplogroups R1a and I2 and their subclades R-M558, R-M458 and I-CTS10228 among South Slavs are in correlation with the spreading of Slavic languages during the medieval Slavic expansion from Eastern Europe, most probably from the territory of present day Ukraine and Southeastern Poland. Other studies conclude that the ancient Slavic homeland was in Pomerania, Germany. According to a 1919 Shakhmatov study, Slavic tribes from the Elbe and Vistula moved from west to east in two groups. The western group, gradually moving to the north, northeast and east. They would occupy the territories of present-day Belarus and the Pskov, Novgorod, and Smolensk areas of modern Russia. The second, moving south and southeast, gradually settled in the territories of modern Volhynia, Ukraine and the Carpathian Mountains. The Slavs would gradually occupy the territories that would make up the Kievan Rus Empire. Those territories being modern day Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine. Religion The pagan Slavic populations were Christianized between the 7th and 12th centuries. Orthodox Christianity is predominant among East and South Slavs, while Catholicism is predominant among West Slavs and some western South Slavs. The religious borders are largely comparable to the East–West Schism which began in the 11th century. Islam first arrived in the 7th century during the early Muslim conquests, and was gradually adopted by a number of Slavic ethnic groups through the centuries in the Balkans. Among Slavic populations who profess a religion, the majority of contemporary Christian Slavs are Orthodox, followed by Catholic, while a small minority are Protestant such as Sorbs and Czechs. The majority of Muslim Slavs follow the Hanafi school of the Sunni branch of Islam. Religious delineations by nationality can be very sharp; usually in the Slavic ethnic groups, the vast majority of religious people share the same religion. In the Czech Republic, 75% had no stated religion, according to the 2011 census. Mainly Eastern Orthodoxy: Russians Ukrainians Rusyns Serbians Bulgarians Belarusians Macedonians Montenegrins Mainly Catholicism: Poles (incl. Silesians, Kashubians, Gorals) Czechs Croats (incl. Šokci) Slovaks Slovenes Sorbs Bunjevci Krashovani Banat Bulgarians Mainly Islam: Bosniaks Pomaks Gorani Torbeši Ethnic Muslims Relations with non-Slavic people Throughout their history, Slavs came into contact with non-Slavic groups. In the postulated homeland region (present-day Ukraine), they had contacts with the Iranian Sarmatians and the Germanic Goths. After their subsequent spread, the Slavs began assimilating non-Slavic peoples. For example, in the Balkans, there were Paleo-Balkan peoples, such as Romanized and Hellenized (Jireček Line) Illyrians, Thracians and Dacians, as well as Greeks and Celtic Scordisci and Serdi. Because Slavs were so numerous, most indigenous populations of the Balkans were Slavicized. Thracians and Illyrians mixed as ethnic groups in this period. A notable exception is Greece, where Slavs were Hellenized because Greeks were more numerous, especially with more Greeks returning to Greece in the 9th century and the influence of the church and administration, however, Slavicized regions within Macedonia, Thrace and Moesia Inferior also had a larger portion of locals compared to migrating Slavs. Other notable exceptions are the territory of present-day Romania and Hungary, where Slavs settled en route to present-day Greece, North Macedonia, Bulgaria and East Thrace but assimilated, and the modern Albanian nation which claims descent from Illyrians and other Balkan tribes. Ruling status of Bulgars and their control of land cast the nominal legacy of the Bulgarian country and people onto future generations, but Bulgars were gradually also Slavicized into the present-day South Slavic ethnic group known as Bulgarians. The Romance speakers within the fortified Dalmatian cities retained their culture and language for a long time. Dalmatian Romance was spoken until the high Middle Ages, but, they too were eventually assimilated into the body of Slavs. In the Western Balkans, South Slavs and Germanic Gepids intermarried with invaders, eventually producing a Slavicized population. In Central Europe, the West Slavs intermixed with Germanic, Hungarian, and Celtic peoples, while in Eastern Europe the East Slavs had encountered Finnic and Scandinavian peoples. Scandinavians (Varangians) and Finnic peoples were involved in the early formation of the Rus' state but were completely Slavicized after a century. Some Finnic tribes in the north were also absorbed into the expanding Rus population. In the 11th and 12th centuries, constant incursions by nomadic Turkic tribes, such as the Kipchak and the Pecheneg, caused a massive migration of East Slavic populations to the safer, heavily forested regions of the north. In the Middle Ages, groups of Saxon ore miners settled in medieval Bosnia, Serbia and Bulgaria, where they were Slavicized. Saqaliba refers to the Slavic mercenaries and slaves in the medieval Arab world in North Africa, Sicily and Al-Andalus. Saqaliba served as caliph's guards. In the 12th century, Slavic piracy in the Baltics increased. The Wendish Crusade was started against the Polabian Slavs in 1147, as a part of the Northern Crusades. The pagan chief of the Slavic Obodrite tribes, Niklot, began his open resistance when Lothar III, Holy Roman Emperor, invaded Slavic lands. In August 1160 Niklot was killed, and German colonization (Ostsiedlung) of the Elbe-Oder region began. In Hanoverian Wendland, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Lusatia, invaders started germanization. Early forms of germanization were described by German monks: Helmold in the manuscript Chronicon Slavorum and Adam of Bremen in Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum. The Polabian language survived until the beginning of the 19th century in what is now the German state of Lower Saxony. In Eastern Germany, around 20% of Germans have historic Slavic paternal ancestry, as revealed in Y-DNA testing. Similarly, in Germany, around 20% of the foreign surnames are of Slavic origin. Cossacks, although Slavic and practicing Orthodox Christianity, came from a mix of ethnic backgrounds, including Tatars and other peoples. Initially, the Cossacks were a mini-subethnos, but now they are less than 5%, and most of them live in the south of Russia. The Gorals of southern Poland and northern Slovakia are partially descended from Romance-speaking Vlachs, who migrated into the region from the 14th to 17th centuries and were absorbed into the local population. The population of Moravian Wallachia also descended from the Vlachs. Conversely, some Slavs were assimilated into other populations. Although the majority continued towards Southeast Europe, attracted by the riches of the area that became the state of Bulgaria, a few remained in the Carpathian Basin in Central Europe and were assimilated into the Magyar people. Numerous river and other place names in Romania have Slavic origin. Population There are an estimated 350 million Slavs worldwide. See also Ethnic groups in Europe Gord (archaeology) Lech, Čech, and Rus List of modern ethnic groups List of Slavic tribes Panethnicity Pan-Slavic colors Slavic names Bulgarisation Russification Serbianisation Polonization Notes References Citations Sources Primary sources Secondary sources Curta Florin, The early Slavs in Bohemia and Moravia: a response to my critics Lacey, Robert. 2003. Great Tales from English History. Little, Brown and Company. New York. 2004. . Lewis, Bernard. Race and Slavery in the Middle East. Oxford Univ. Press. Nystazopoulou-Pelekidou, Maria. 1992. The "Macedonian Question": A Historical Review. © Association Internationale d'Etudes du Sud-Est Europeen (AIESEE, International Association of Southeast European Studies), Comité Grec. Corfu: Ionian University. (English translation of a 1988 work written in Greek.) Rębała, Krzysztof, et al.. 2007. Y-STR variation among Slavs: evidence for the Slavic homeland in the middle Dnieper basin. Journal of Human Genetics, May 2007, 52(5): 408–414. Further reading External links Mitochondrial DNA Phylogeny in Eastern and Western Slavs, B. Malyarchuk, T. Grzybowski, M. Derenko, M. Perkova, T. Vanecek, J. Lazur, P. Gomolcaknd I. Tsybovsky, Oxford Journals Indo-European peoples Modern Indo-European peoples
56113225	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing%20in%20Azerbaijan	Housing in Azerbaijan	Housing in Azerbaijan is characterized by high rates of private housing ownership. Construction in housing industry started to improve since the late 1990s, as the result of the Presidential decree (1997), which eliminated state monopoly of construction sector. Types of housing Two types of residence are predominant in Azerbaijan: the single-family detached home and multi-family residential. Additional kinds of housing include dormitories, communal apartments, and summerhouses. Housing stock of Azerbaijan is divided into 2 groups as existing and recently built. Existing houses are also classified by the period of their construction: Housing properties built prior 1920s – they are situated mostly in the historical parts of cities. This type of estates requires reconstruction and renovation in order to meet present-day housing standards; Housing properties constructed before World War 2 – in 1920-1940 – they are situated mostly in rural areas. Kitchens and bathrooms of this type of houses built in urban areas are shared. Housing properties built after World War 2 – in the 1960s construction of prefabricated houses increased and new districts were planned to be filled with this type of houses. Housing properties built after gaining independence. Due to social-economic, political situation of the country, construction of houses decreased in 1990s. During this period, cottage-type private properties were built mostly. Building multifamily complexes in the larger cities became more widespread after 2000. Housing construction Construction sector of the country improved significantly while the economy of the country was developing in early 2000s. Initially, construction process was going on rapidly in city centers and touristic areas throughout the country. Housing sector became one of the main parts in the economic development of Azerbaijan. Rising demand for modern new housing required development of multi-story apartment buildings. Consequently, many private companies constructing apartment buildings were formed and became the main supplier of commercial buildings. New projects for residential and non-residential buildings were increasing. In 2003, residential construction enjoyed a growth from 803,000 square meters in 2002 to 1339 million square meters in new house construction. The average figure for 2003-2008 was 1 million square meters. Government agencies Regulations and standards on construction required to be modified after Azerbaijan regained its independence, as previously they were applied throughout USSR without decently customized to local conditions. Therefore, several actions were taken to address this issue. Ministry of Housing and Communal Services of the Republic of Azerbaijan managed housing issues before 1993. Then, the Ministry was transformed into Committee of Housing and Communal Services under the Cabinet of Ministers of Azerbaijan in May 1993. The committee was eliminated and its functions was transferred to the State Committee for Construction and Architecture in 2001. It was abolished in 2006 and State Committee for City Building and Architecture was established instead of the previous agency in February 2006. In addition, State Agency of Control on Security in Construction and the Ministry of Emergency Situations was established on December 29, 2006. The State Committee on Property Issues of the Republic of Azerbaijan was established according to the Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan on May 19, 2009. The Committee is the central executive organ exercising implementation state policy and regulation on real estate management and its privatization, as well as is responsible for involving investments, controlling use and protection of lands, and conducting state registration and cadaster of real estate in Azerbaijan. Privatization In order to promote private ownership, the Government of Azerbaijan adopted the Law on Privatization of the Apartment Stock in 1993, The State Program of Privatization in the Republic of Azerbaijan for 1995–1998, and The Second State Program on Privatization of State Property in the Republic of Azerbaijan in 2000. Privatization rate has increased to 85% of the entire housing stock until 2010. In comparison with early 1990s, privatization process is steady now. This law simplified the privatization process of flats and canceled the requirement of paying nominal value of the house for the privatization. Public housing Social policy of the Government used to focus mainly on housing problems of certain vulnerable groups, as refugees, IDPs, the war disabled or injured. There are several government agencies that are dealing with this issue, like State Committee on Affairs of Refugees and IDPs, The Ministry of Social Protection, Mortgage Fund. State Committee on Affairs of Refugees and IDPs are handling housing issues of specific susceptible groups, especially IDPs, whose number was 603251 (120650 families) in 2009. Most of IDPs live in roughly 360 collective centers of Baku and Sumgayit. These collective centers are generally overcrowded and does not meet the need of people living there, as there are problems with kitchen, individual bathrooms. That is why; the Government have started to establish new settlements for IDPs since 2000. More than 17000 IDP families were provided with houses in 61 newly constructed settlements between 2004 and 2008. People injured during the conflict with Armenia, supported by the government have also been provided either with flats in multi-family residential buildings or with separate cottage-type houses. Moreover, the Government promotes teaching in rural areas in order to fill the gap of schoolteachers in those areas. Small houses have been constructing as part of specific programs for teachers. There is also an ongoing process to support young families who need better living conditions. In order to cover this issue, a specific section entitled “The improvement of living conditions for young families” was created in State Program in the Sector of Demography and Development of Population approved by the President of Azerbaijan in 2004. According to this program, responsible institutions were defined in order to create a system of discounted loans to make better the living conditions of young families in need. Mortgage Fund under National Bank of Azerbaijan formed by the decree of the President, to develop living condition of population, create more effective housing finance mechanism, started to handle the allocation process of loans since 2005. The Fund offers mortgages as low as 4% interest to specific groups. Company housing A few Azerbaijani companies maintain their own apartment building for employees in need. For instance, SOCAR established "Neftchi" Housing Construction Cooperative in 2010 in order to improve housing conditions of its employees. Membership in this Cooperative is carried out based on the applications of the employees who have registered in SOCAR housing system. SOCAR reimburses some part of the cost of the house, and the rest is paid by the employee to the Cooperative.“Neftchi” Cooperative is also constructing new residential buildings, as one of the buildings was put into operation in 2016 in Khatai district of Baku. Ministry of Communication and Information Technologies, and Azerbaijan Railways CJSC have also provided their employees with houses. Affordable housing The State Agency for Housing Construction under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan was established according to the Decree No. 858 on 11 April 2016 with the purpose to meet requirements of citizens in housing, improve their living conditions, and build multi-family residential. Besides, “MIDA” LLC has been established under State Agency for Housing Construction in order to promote the construction of multistoried residential buildings in the country and to ensure that the citizens are enjoying subsidized apartment sales, and to effectively use the funds allocated for the construction of multistoried residential buildings. Projects Yasamal Residential Complex – the first project of the State Agency for Housing Construction is planned to build 29 multifamily apartments with 1843 flats on an area of 11.6 ha in Yasamal district of Baku. The construction process of the first building in the complex was started in December 2016 and is planned to be commissioned in summer 2018. Hovsan Residential Complex – in February 2017, an area of 20 ha in Surakhani region of Baku was allocated for constructing multifamily apartments based on the decree of Cabinet of Ministers. the construction process of the first building inn this complex started on 24 December 2017. The residential complex with 2962 apartments was inaugurated on March 24, 2020, by the President and vice-president of Azerbaijan. Utilities Local governments are responsible for providing utilities in buildings. Suppliers of electricity, gas and sanitation are state companies, while waste management is provided by either public or private companies. In order to improve the quality of utilities, Asian Development Bank, as well as the World Bank was involved in supplying water and sanitation services. See also State Property Issues Committee (Azerbaijan) References Azerbaijani society Economy of Azerbaijan Buildings and structures in Azerbaijan
30863620	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maumturks	Maumturks	The Maumturks or Maamturks (; the mountain of the pass of the boar) is a long, broadly-straight mountain range, consisting of weathered quartzite peaks in its central section, located in Connemara in County Galway, in the west of Ireland. The range lies opposite the Twelve Bens, on the other side of the Inagh Valley (a Western Way route). Hill walking The walk of the full range (from Maam Cross to Leenaun), is considered one of the "great classic ridge-walks of Ireland", and since 1975, the University College Galway Mountaineering Club, has run the annual "Maamturks Challenge", a walk covering the entire 25–kilometre range in a single day. Near the centre of the range in a deep valley is , a site of pilgrimage dedicated to Saint Patrick. List of peaks The table below lists some of the highest major mountain peaks of the Maumturk Mountains. (‡) The anglicised version is rarely used or marked on any maps; a more common anglicised name is the incorrect name of "Barrslievenaroy" (or "Baurslievenaroy"), which is a nearby townland on the slopes of Binn idir an Da Log. (*) Cartographer Tim Robinson notes: "the Ordnance Survey has been incorrectly calling this mountain 'Leckavrea' for a hundred and fifty years." "Lackavrea" (Ir. Leic Aimhréidh) is the mountain to the east on the other side of Mám Aodha. Rock climbing While the Maumturks are not known for rock climbing, the Loch Mhám Ochóige area of the range has rock climbs in the V-Diff to HVS grades. Further reading See also Mweelrea, major range in Killary Harbour Twelve Bens, major range in Connemara Lists of mountains in Ireland Lists of mountains and hills in the British Isles Notes References External links The Maamturks Challenge, University College Galway Mountaineering Club The Maamturks Challenge: Routecard (2015) Mountainview: The Maumturks Range The Maumturks Ridge Walk: Illustrated Guide Connemara Mountains and hills of County Galway Gaeltacht places in County Galway
58767865	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Len%20Ikitau	Len Ikitau	Len Ikitau (born 1 October 1998) is an Australian professional rugby union player. He plays as a centre for the Brumbies in Super Rugby and has represented in international rugby. Ikitau signed for the Brumbies squad in 2019. Ikitau made his debut for Australia in the second game of the 2021 France rugby union tour of Australia, coming off the bench in a 26-28 loss in Melbourne. Reference list External links Rugby.com.au profile It's Rugby profile 1998 births Australian rugby union players Australia international rugby union players Australian people of Samoan descent Living people Rugby union centres Canberra Vikings players Brumbies players
58752195	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marguerite%20La%20Caze	Marguerite La Caze	Marguerite La Caze (born 1964) is an Australian philosopher and Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Queensland. She is an Australian Research Fellow and a former Chair of the Australasian Society for Continental Philosophy (2010–2013). La Caze is known for her research on feminist philosophy and aesthetics. Bibliography La Caze, Marguerite (2000), "Analytic Imaginary" in La Caze, Marguerite (2000), "Sublimation, love and creativity" in Integrity and the fragile self, Ashgate, 2003 La Caze, Marguerite (2004), "If you say so: feminist philosophy and antiracism" in La Caze, Marguerite (2006), "Splitting the difference: between Young and Fraser on identity politics" in La Caze, Marguerite (2011), "A Taste for Fashion" in La Caze, Marguerite (2011), "Existentialism, Feminism and Sexuality" in La Caze, Marguerite (2011), "The Miraculous Power of Forgiveness and the Promise" in References External links Marguerite La Caze at the University of Queensland Australian philosophers Continental philosophers Philosophy academics Living people University of Queensland faculty Presidents of the Australasian Society for Continental Philosophy Philosophers of art University of Queensland alumni University of Melbourne alumni Feminist philosophers Australian non-fiction writers 21st-century Australian women writers 21st-century Australian writers 1964 births
16475215	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toque%20Toque%20Grande%20and%20Toque%20Toque%20Pequeno	Toque Toque Grande and Toque Toque Pequeno	Toque-Toque Grande and Toque-Toque Pequeno are two beaches at the Atlantic Ocean in the city of São Sebastião, SP, Brasil. They are separated by another beach called "das Calhetas", being 2,4km away from each other. Toque-Toque Grande Despite its name ("Grande" means big in Portuguese), the beach is only some 800m long, and is smaller than Toque-toque Pequeno Beach. Several mid-class houses surround the beach, while a couple of kiosks offer food and beverage for visitors. Most of them work only during summer, when the beach is visited by more people. At one and a half a kilometer far from the left (Southeast) edge of the beach, there's the Toque-Toque Grande Island (larger than the Toque-Toque Pequeno Island), unhabitated and with no beaches, but frequently visited for scuba diving. The top of the hill at the left of the beach can be achieved by walking. Toque-Toque Pequeno Toque-Toque Pequeno is the second beach after Toque Toque Grande, heading Northwest. It is longer than Toque-Toque Grande, and its landscape is much the same: mid-class houses between the beach and the highway, weak or moderate waves and restaurants. Just as Toque Toque Grande, it also has its own island, which is much smaller than the other's. The island resembles a turtle when seen from the continent. References External links Official Toque Toque Pequeno website Official Toque Toque Grande website Praiadetoquetoque.com.br Toque Toque Pequeno at São Sebastião.tur.com Beaches of Brazil São Sebastião, São Paulo
37673435	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KASR	KASR	KASR (99.3/105.5 The Eagle) is a radio station airing a classic rock format licensed to serve Atkins, Arkansas, broadcasting on 99.3 MHz FM. The station serves the Morrilton, Arkansas, area and is owned by Bobby Caldwell's East Arkansas Broadcasters, through licensee EAB of Morrilton, LLC. In 2021, EAB purchased 92.7 FM in Vilonia for $525,000. With no change in format or imaging, the call letters were switched with the new acquisition in August 2021, placing the KCON designation closer to Conway and moving the KASR call letters to the Atkins stations. References External links KASR's official website Classic rock radio stations in the United States ASR Radio stations established in 2000 2000 establishments in Arkansas
35284336	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marzio%20di%20Colantonio	Marzio di Colantonio	Marzio di Colantonio or di Colantonio Ganassini or di Cola Antonio (c. 1580s – after 1623) was an Italian painter, as a painter of still-lifes and landscapes, and fresco decorations of grotteschi and battle scenes with small figures. His still-life paintings contain hunted game. Biography He was born in Rome, and trained initially under his father, a painter of Grotteschi. He is said to have then trained under Antonio Tempesta. He painted some sacred subjects including frescoes for the church of Santa Maria della Consolazione of Rome, he was best known for his battle paintings, for which he was recruited by the Cardinal of Savoy to work for a time in Piedmont for the House of Savoy. He died young in Viterbo. Sources 16th-century Italian painters Italian male painters 17th-century Italian painters Renaissance painters Italian still life painters Italian battle painters Mannerist painters 1583 births 1620s deaths
33104854	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programme%20d%27eau%20potable%20et%20d%27assainissement%20du%20Mill%C3%A9naire	Programme d'eau potable et d'assainissement du Millénaire	Programme d'eau potable et d'assainissement du Millénaire (PEPAM, English: The Millennium Drinking Water and Sanitation Program) is an agency that works on drinking water and sanitation access in Senegal. The minister who runs it is the Minister of Water and Sanitation who is currently Serigne Mbaye Thiam. The agency functions in two different capacities. The first of which is providing statistics to the government related to drinking water access and sanitation access. The other function is making drinking water and sanitation access more available to areas of Senegal where it is not currently provided. In 2015, the agency aligned itself with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), with a focus on goal number 6. Goal 6 of the SDGs is to "Ensure access to water and sanitation for all", with specific targets set by 2030. These include "universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all" and "achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation". References External links Official site Environmental organisations based in Senegal
101402	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4stmanland%20County	Västmanland County	Västmanland County () is a county or län in central Sweden. It borders the counties of Södermanland, Örebro, Gävleborg, Dalarna and Uppsala. The county also has a stretch of shoreline towards Mälaren (Sweden's third largest lake). Province For history, geography and culture, see: Västmanland (Westmannia) Administration The main aim of the County Administrative Board is to fulfil the goals set in national politics by the Riksdag and the Government, to coordinate the interests of the county, to promote the development of the county, to establish regional goals and safeguard the due process of law in the handling of each case. The County Administrative Board is a Government Agency headed by a Governor. See List of Västmanland Governors. Politics The County Council of Västmanland or Landstinget Västmanland. Riksdag elections The table details all Riksdag election results of Västmanland County since the unicameral era began in 1970. The blocs denote which party would support the Prime Minister or the lead opposition party towards the end of the elected parliament. Municipalities The lake at the lower right is Mälaren; at the lower left is Hjälmaren. Arboga Fagersta Hallstahammar Kungsör Köping Norberg Sala Skinnskatteberg Surahammar Västerås Demographics Foreign background SCB have collected statistics on backgrounds of residents since 2002. These tables consist of all who have two foreign-born parents or are born abroad themselves. The chart lists election years and the last year on record alone. Heby Municipality was included in the 2002 overall statistics, since it was part of the county at the time. Heraldry The County of Västmanland inherited its coat of arms from the province of Västmanland. When it is shown with a royal crown it represents the County Administrative Board. Sports Football in the county is administered by Västmanlands Fotbollförbund. Bandy is also popular, with the most successful Swedish team Västerås SK. Several Bandy World Championship finals have been played in Västerås. References and notes External links Västmanland County Administrative Board Västmanland County Council Counties of Sweden County 1634 establishments in Sweden States and territories established in 1634
48916353	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What%20Do%20You%20Know%20About%20Rock%20%27N%20Roll%3F	What Do You Know About Rock 'N Roll?	What Do You Know About Rock 'N Roll? is the second studio album by Minneapolis hard rock band Slave Raider, released in the winter of 1988. It was the band's first album to be recorded for a major label. Despite snowballing success from a notoriously successful show at London's Marquee club, the album had little commercial success outside of the band's dedicated fan base. Overview After an extensive tour of London, the group joined Tsangarides to record their sophomore effort. According to guitar player Nicci Wikkid, the band was impressed with Tsangarides' production skills, but felt that he was not interested in the band. The second side is a loose rock opera about a totalitarian society in which rock and roll has been banned. "The High Priest of Good Times" is persecuted for playing it, and sent to a prison known as the "Iron Bar Motel". Because of poor promotion by their record label, the album was unsuccessful. This led to the departure of original members Nicci Wikkid and Letitia Rae. The band was dropped soon after, coming together one more time for their independently released third album Bigger, Badder, & Bolder with a revamped lineup. Lead singer Chainsaw Caine viewed the album as a progression from their debut in both technical proficiency and songwriting. Metal Forces and Kerrang! writers shared this point of view, giving positive reviews of the album and the group's stage antics, particularly their show at the Marquee. The rock opera section of the album was partially written in response to the PMRC, even though Caine stated in an interview with Kerrang! that he did not see the PMRC having any staying power. Reception Kerrang! was very positive of the album, as was another reviewer from Metal Forces, but an Allmusic retrospective review gave the album very negative reception. According to Metal Forces, reviews for the album were very mixed depending on if the reviewer was willing to look past the band's image. Track listing 2015 remastered edition In 2015, Divebomb Records re-mastered the first two Slave Raider albums because of their scarce availability on the CD format. The reissue includes extensive liner notes with lyrics, a short biography, and informational clips relevant to the time era of the band. The re-mastered CD has significantly less dynamic range than the original RCA distributed disc. Personnel Slave Raider Chainsaw Caine (Mike Findling) – lead vocals Lance Sabin – electric and acoustic guitar Nicci Wikkid (David Hussman) – electric and acoustic guitar, backing vocals Letitia Rae – bass guitar, backing vocals The Rock (Michael T Williams) – drums Additional musicians Don Airey - keyboards Production Chris Tsangarides – producer, engineer, mixing, arrangements Mark Flannery - assistant engineer Ian Tregoning - assistant engineer Slave Raider - arrangements Jamie King - re-mastering at The Basement Studios, Winston-Salem, North Carolina Christopher Bissel - photography Van Bro - back cover & comic References 1988 albums Slave Raider albums
5101926	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inaria	Inaria	Inaria is an Ediacaran fossil. It is found in the Chace Range in Australia, and the White Sea area in Russia. It has radial symmetry and has been described as a tentacle-less cnidarian. The organism had a sac-like body that resembled a cluster of garlic or conical flask in shape, with a broad bulbous base embedded in the mud, and a tube extending above the sea floor. The body cavity of Inaria was a single chamber with the inner surface of the body wall forming deep invaginations that partitioned the cavernous stomach into several septa. In its deep environment it seems that it was the only species. Inaria was found in lower shoreface muds. Australia Post issued a 50 cent stamp featuring Inaria on 21 April 2005 in a series entitled Creatures of the slime. One species known as Inaria karli was named by Jim Gehling in 1987. He published in A Cnidarian of Actinian-Grade from the Ediacaran Pound Subgroup of South Australia. Alcheringa 12: 299-314. See also List of Ediacaran genera References D. Grazhdankin (2000) The Ediacaran genus Inaria : a taphonomic/morphodynamic analysis. Neues Jb. Geol. Paläont. Abh. 216: 1-34. McMenamin, Mark A. S. The Garden of Ediacara New York: Columbia University Press, 1998. External links stamp artist Patterns of Distribution Ediacaran life Enigmatic prehistoric animal genera White Sea fossils Fossil taxa described in 1988
55709342	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalam%20%28union%20council%29	Kalam (union council)	Kalam () is an administrative unit, known as Union council, of Swat District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. District Swat has 7 Tehsils i.e. Khwazakhela, Kabal, Bahrain, Barikot, Babuzai, Charbagh, and Matta. Each Tehsill comprises certain numbers of union councils. There are 65 union councils in district Swat, 56 rural and 09 urban. See also Swat District References External links Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Government website section on Lower Dir United Nations Hajjinfo.org Uploads PBS paiman.jsi.com Swat District Populated places in Swat District Union councils of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Union Councils of Swat District
28870454	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Play%20discography	Play discography	The discography of Swedish girl group Play consists of five studio albums, one compilation album and eleven singles. Albums Studio albums Compilation albums Extended plays Singles Other appearances Videography Video albums Music videos References Discographies of Swedish artists Pop music group discographies
3300815	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyton%2C%20Wiltshire	Boyton, Wiltshire	Boyton is a village and civil parish in Wiltshire, England. It lies in the Wylye Valley within Salisbury Plain, about south-east of Warminster and north-west of Salisbury. The parish includes the village of Corton. The A36 Salisbury-Warminster road passes north of the villages. The parish is on the right (south) bank of the Wylye, opposite Upton Lovell (near Corton) and Codford St Peter (near Boyton). Its area extends south-west to the higher ground of Corton Down, Boyton Down and Rowdean Hill. In the far south is the Great Ridge Wood, which lies mostly within Boyton and covers about a quarter of the parish. History Prehistoric sites in the parish include Corton Long Barrow. The 1086 Domesday Book recorded 17 households at Boyton and six at Corton. In the thirteenth century, there was a castle in the village. An occupant of the castle was Hugh Giffard and his wife Sibyl, who was the daughter and co-heiress of Walter de Cormeilles. Hugh was father of the Walter Giffard who became Archbishop of York and Chancellor of England. Another son was Godfrey Giffard, Bishop of Worcester and himself also Chancellor of England. Cortington Manor, near Corton on the Boyton road, dates from the late 17th century. The 1841 census recorded a population of 305 at Corton and 55 at Boyton; after peaking at 410 in 1860, the population of the parish declined considerably. The National Gazetteer of Great Britain and Ireland (1868) described Boyton as follows: BOYTON, a parish in the hundred of Heytesbury, in the county of Wilts, 3 miles to the S.E. of Heytesbury, its post town, and 7 from Warminster. The Salisbury branch of the Great Western Railway passes near it. The parish is situated on the south side of the river Wylye, a branch of the Nadder, and contains the hamlet of Corton. The living is a rectory in the diocese of Salisbury, of the value of £549, in the patronage of the President and Fellows of Magdalen College, Oxford. The church, which is dedicated to St Mary, is a good specimen of early English architecture, and has been recently restored. It was erected in 1301, and contains a fine circular window and an ancient font. There are some small charitable endowments. Boyton House, the old seat of the Lamberts, was built in 1618. CORTON, (or Cortington), a township in the parish of Boyton, hundred of Heytesbury, in the county of Wilts, 1 mile S. of Heytesbury, and 1 N.W. of Boyton. It belongs to the Lambert family. The Salisbury branch line was built through the Wylye valley, opening in 1856. Codford station was a short distance north of Boyton village; it closed to passengers in 1955 when local services were withdrawn, although the line continues in use as part of the Wessex Main Line. Religious sites Parish church The parish church of the Blessed Mary is a Grade I listed building, notable for two fine windows in its south chapel. It is built in flint and limestone, part chequered, and has a north tower. There are records of a church at Boyton in the 12th century; the nave, chancel and south chapel are from the late 13th century. The north transept was added in the 14th century and the two-stage tower in the 15th; the entrance is under the tower, through a late 13th-century arch. The whole was thoroughly restored by diocesan architect T.H. Wyatt in 1860: the work included new roofs throughout, and some windows were replaced or moved. Further restoration was carried out in 1956–1960 under the auspices of the rector, Robert Richardson, and his wife (Linetta de Castelvecchio Richardson, professor of Italian) who engaged as architect Oswald Brakspear, son of Harold. The south Giffard chapel has a fine three-light east window, and its oversized west wheel window is called a tour-de-force by Pevsner; Julian Orbach, expanding Pevsner's description, compares its tracery to the 1260 work in Salisbury Cathedral's cloisters, and notes the local connection to Walter Giffard, Archbishop of York. The glass in both windows was lost when the church fell into disrepair, and was replaced by pieces from elsewhere. The chapel also has a 13th-century sedilia and piscina. The stone font is 13th-century. Monuments in the church include an effigy of a knight in armour, perhaps Alexander the third Giffard brother, who took part in the Seventh Crusade around 1250, although the design of his armour is c.1320. The organ was installed in 1877 by gift of Prince Leopold. Richardson brought in furnishings from elsewhere, and had many fragments of stained glass installed including some from Salisbury Cathedral. The elaborately carved wooden pulpit was installed in 1964. The tower has a ring of five bells, among them one dated 1681 and another dated 1737. The benefice was united with Sherrington in 1909, although the parishes remained distinct. A team ministry was established for the area in 1979 and today the parish is part of the Upper Wylye Valley grouping, alongside nine others. Others Corton had a chapel of ease from the 13th to 16th centuries but its exact site is not known. Around 1877 a church named All Saints was built, although it was not consecrated until 1937 as ownership of the site was uncertain. At the consecration service the church was dedicated to 'The Holy Angels'. The church was declared redundant in 1980 and was later sold for residential use. A baptist chapel was built at Corton in 1828, and enlarged in 1854 and 1914. It closed in 1965 and is now a private house. The church at Rodden, Somerset (later dedicated to All Saints; some north-west of Boyton) was in the 13th century made a chapelry of Boyton by the Giffards, who included Rodden manor among their estates. The date this arrangement ended, and Rodden became a separate parish, is unclear. Rodden is described as a chapelry in a correction note to the 1811 Census but the 1831 Census Abstract states the separation occurred in 1784. John Collinson, published in 1791, has Rodden as a chapelry of Boyton. Another source gives the creation date of Rodden ecclesiastical parish as 1802. Boyton Manor A country house was built next to the church in 1618 for Thomas Lambert, a landowner who later sat briefly in Parliament. Pevsner describes it as "a fine square house, three by three gables". The two-storey central porch has Ionic columns and Corinthian pilasters; Orbach compares it to the porch at Keevil, another Lambert property. Inside are two central staircases, a richly plastered ceiling and some original 17th-century panelling. Staff accommodation, two storeys around a small courtyard, was added at the north-east corner in the 1930s. Ownership continued in the Lambert family until 1935. The house was designated as Grade I listed in 1968. Owners Hugh Giffard of Boyton (d.1246) was Constable of the Tower of London and guardian of the young Edward, son of Henry III. Hugh had two prominent sons: Walter (c.1225–1279) was Lord Chancellor England and Archbishop of York, and Godfrey (c.1235–1302) was Chancellor of the Exchequer, Lord Chancellor and Bishop of Worcester. The Lambert family became landowners when a London alderman and grocer of that name bought the manor in 1572. His grandson, Thomas (1585–1638) inherited extensive landholdings in Norfolk, where the family originated, and in Wiltshire; he was briefly MP for Hindon. Thomas rebuilt Boyton manor house around 1618. Edmund Lambert (c.1666–1734) sat in Parliament for Hindon and Salisbury. Lucy, a daughter of a later Edmund Lambert, married John Benett MP (1773–1852) of Pythouse. Their daughter, also Lucy, inherited Pythouse and Boyton, and married Rev. Arthur Fane, younger son of General Sir Henry Fane. Arthur (1809–1872) was later a zealous vicar of Warminster and is buried at Boyton. Their son Edmund Fane (1837–1900) was a diplomat, posted to various countries and knighted in 1899. From 1876 to 1882, the house was let to Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany, the youngest son of Queen Victoria. When he married, he moved his establishment to Claremont, a house in Surrey, but he is commemorated locally in the name of the Prince Leopold Inn in the neighbouring village of Upton Lovell. In 1935 Boyton Manor was bought by Sidney Herbert, a Conservative MP. He was created a Baronet, of Boyton, in 1936 but died only three years later. In the 1950s, the house was bought by Henry Pelham-Clinton-Hope, 9th Duke of Newcastle, and became the family seat, his house at Clumber Park, Nottinghamshire, having been demolished in 1938 and its estate sold in 1946. The house and some of the estate were sold to Barbara, Countess de Brye after the Duke's 1959 divorce from his second wife, Diana, Duchess of Newcastle; Diana continued to live nearby at Cortington Manor until her death in 1997. The Countess (who was separated from her husband) also owned Hanzell Vineyards in California, and on her death in 1991 the properties were inherited by her son Alexander, then aged 17. Local government Local government services are provided by Wiltshire Council, based in Trowbridge some fifteen miles to the north. Boyton (with Corton) has its own elected parish council of five members. The village is represented in Parliament by the MP for South West Wiltshire, Andrew Murrison, and its representative in Wiltshire Council is Christopher Newbury. Amenities There is no school in the parish; the nearest primary school is at Codford. A National School was built in 1874 and closed in 1932. There is a pub at Corton, the Dove Inn. References Villages in Wiltshire Civil parishes in Wiltshire
30043735	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WTA%20Tour%20Championships%20appearances	WTA Tour Championships appearances	This list shows the appearances of all participants in the women's tennis singles WTA Tour Championships since the tournament's inception in 1972. Since 2003, the tournament pits the top eight players on the WTA tour against each other in two groups in which they play three round-robin matches. Two players from each group advance to the semifinals, and the winners to the finals. Participants are listed in order of number of appearances. When there are more than eight players listed for any year since 2003, it is usually due to withdrawal because of injury. When a player withdraws early in the tournament, her place is filled by the next-highest qualifier. A = Alternate (did not play from the beginning; 2003–present) See also WTA Tour Championships References ITF site Hickok Sports site WTA Tour Championships Lists of female tennis players
50009429	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joel%20Berry%20II	Joel Berry II	Joel DeWayne Berry II (born April 1, 1995) is an American former professional basketball player. He played college basketball for the North Carolina Tar Heels and led the team to the 2017 national championship. Berry played professionally for two seasons in the NBA G League and one season in Turkey before his retirement in 2021. High school career Berry, a 6'0 point guard, played high school basketball at Lake Highland Preparatory School in Orlando, Florida. He led his team to two state titles and was the first player named Florida Mr. Basketball three times. He was named a Parade All-American and McDonald's All-American as a senior in 2014. College career Freshman season (2014–15) Berry's freshman season was hampered by injury. He averaged 4.2 points and 1.5 assists per game backing up junior Marcus Paige at point guard. Sophomore season (2015–16) As a sophomore, Berry moved into the starting lineup at point guard, with Paige shifting over to shooting guard, resulting in a dramatic increase in Berry's offensive production. Berry helped the team to an Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) regular season title. He then helped the team to an ACC Tournament championship, averaging 17 points per game and coming away with Most Valuable Player honors. In the post-season, Berry and the Tar Heels made the Final Four and 2016 NCAA championship game. During the championship game, Berry scored 20 points and dished out four assists, but North Carolina fell short on a last-second shot to Villanova, 77–74. Junior season (2016–17) As a junior, Berry led the Tar Heels to the ACC regular season title. In the NCAA Tournament, despite playing with injuries to both ankles, Berry led the Tar Heels to a 2017 NCAA men's basketball championship. In the national title game against Gonzaga, Berry scored 22 points and had six assists, and was thereafter named Most Outstanding Player of the Final Four, becoming the first player since Bill Walton to score 20 points or more in back-to-back title games. While Berry was one out of 182 players that declared early entry into the 2017 NBA Draft, he ultimately decided to return to North Carolina for his senior season instead, announcing his decision on April 25, 2017. Senior season (2017–18) In his Senior year, Berry led the Tar Heels to the ACC tournament final. Despite losing in the second round of the NCAA tournament, he averaged 17.1 points and 3.2 assists per game and had 93 three-pointers. He was named the winner of the Dean Smith Most Valuable Player award at the 2017–18 UNC men's basketball awards ceremony, and was one of eight finalists for the James E. Sullivan Award, which is presented by the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) to the top amateur athlete in the United States. He was also voted a third team All-American by the National Association of Basketball Coaches (NABC). Berry earned this distinction just two weeks after being named a 2018 first team All-ACC selection. Professional career South Bay Lakers (2018–2019) After going undrafted in the 2018 NBA draft, Berry played with the Los Angeles Lakers summer league team, and they signed him to an NBA contract afterwards. On October 8, 2018, he was waived by the Lakers after appearing in three preseason games. He was subsequently signed by the Lakers' G League affiliate, the South Bay Lakers. On March 2, 2019, Berry was removed from the active roster by the Lakers due to a season-ending injury. Greensboro Swarm (2019–2020) The Greensboro Swarm, the NBA G League affiliate of the Charlotte Hornets, on September 27, 2019 acquired the rights to Joel Berry II in a trade with the South Bay Lakers (Los Angeles Lakers affiliate). In return, the Swarm sent its second-round selection in the 2019 NBA G League draft (No. 40 overall) to South Bay. On March 6, 2020, Berry scored a career high 44 points on 17-for-29 shooting from the field and 8-for-15 from three to go along with two assists and three rebounds in the Greensboro Swarm's 134–129 loss to the Erie Bayhawks. Beşiktaş (2020–2021) On November 24, 2020, Berry signed with Beşiktaş of the Basketball Super League (BSL). On August 4, 2021, Berry was added to the Charlotte Hornets Summer League Roster. On August 24, 2021, Berry announced his retirement from professional basketball on the Ceiling is the Roof Podcast. Post-playing career On October 12, 2021, Berry joined ACC Network as a college basketball studio analyst on the show Nothing but Net. Career statistics Professional \|- \| align=center \| 2018–19 \| align=left \| South Bay Lakers \| NBA G League \| 21 \|\| 22.4 \|\| .391 \|\| .272 \|\| .800 \|\| 1.3 \|\| 2.5 \|\| .6 \|\| .3 \|\| 11.1 \|- \| align=center \| 2019–20 \| align=left \| Greensboro Swarm \| NBA G League \| 34 \|\| 17.4 \|\| .425 \|\| .325 \|\| .700 \|\| 2.1 \|\| 2.1 \|\| 1 \|\| .2 \|\| 8.0 \|- \| align=center \| 2020–21 \| align=left \| Beşiktaş \| Basketball Super League \| 26 \|\| 23.3 \|\| .420 \|\| .365 \|\| .854 \|\| 1.7 \|\| 3.3 \|\| 1.1 \|\| .0 \|\| 9.2 \|- College \|- \| style="text-align:left;"\| 2014–15 \| style="text-align:left;"\| North Carolina \| 30 \|\| 0 \|\| 13.2 \|\| .404 \|\| .354 \|\| .757 \|\| .9 \|\| 1.5 \|\| .4 \|\| 0 \|\| 4.8 \|- \| style="text-align:left;"\| 2015–16 \| style="text-align:left;"\| North Carolina \| 40 \|\| 39 \|\| 30.7 \|\| .448 \|\| .376 \|\| .872 \|\| 3.3 \|\| 3.8 \|\| 1.5 \|\| .2 \|\| 13.4 \|- \| style="text-align:left;"\| 2016–17 \| style="text-align:left;"\| North Carolina \| 38 \|\| 37 \|\| 30.4 \|\| .426 \|\| .383 \|\| .774 \|\| 3.1 \|\| 3.6 \|\| 1.4 \|\| .1 \|\| 14.7 \|- \| style="text-align:left;"\| 2017–18 \| style="text-align:left;"\| North Carolina \| 36 \|\| 36 \|\| 33.1 \|\| .396 \|\| .344 \|\| .893 \|\| 3.5 \|\| 3.2 \|\| 1.2 \|\| .3 \|\| 17.1 \|- class="sortbottom" \| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"\| Career \| 144 \|\| 112 \|\| 27.6 \|\| .420 \|\| .365 \|\| .834 \|\| 2.8 \|\| 3.1 \|\| 1.1 \|\| .2 \|\| 12.7 References External links North Carolina Tar Heels bio USA Basketball bio 1995 births Living people African-American basketball players All-American college men's basketball players American expatriate basketball people in Turkey American men's basketball players Basketball players at the 2016 NCAA Division I Men's Final Four Basketball players at the 2017 NCAA Division I Men's Final Four Basketball players from Orlando, Florida Beşiktaş men's basketball players Greensboro Swarm players McDonald's High School All-Americans North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball players Parade High School All-Americans (boys' basketball) People from Apopka, Florida Point guards South Bay Lakers players 21st-century African-American sportspeople
46407664	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Richardson%20%28director%29	Frank Richardson (director)	Frank Atwood Richardson (1898–1962) was an American film director and screenwriter. In the 1920s and 1930s he worked in Britain, directing several quota quickies including Don't Be a Dummy (1932). Selected filmography The White Hen (1921) King of the Pack (1926) Racing Blood (1926) The River House Ghost (1932) Don't Be a Dummy (1932) Above Rubies (1932) Double Wedding (1933) The Avenging Hand (1937) That's the Ticket (1940) Bait (1950) References Bibliography Low, Rachael. Filmmaking in 1930s Britain. George Allen & Unwin, 1985. External links 1898 births 1962 deaths American male screenwriters American film directors British male screenwriters British film directors British film producers American expatriates in the United Kingdom 20th-century American male writers 20th-century American screenwriters 20th-century British screenwriters
8004761	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ductuli%20aberrantes	Ductuli aberrantes	Ductuli aberrantes are two long narrow tubes, the ductulus aberrans inferior and the ductulus aberrans superior. The ductulus aberrant inferior (vas aberrans of Haller), is occasionally found connected with the lower part of the canal of the epididymis, or with the commencement of the vas deferens. Its length varies from 3.5 to 35 cm. , and it may become dilated toward its extremity; more commonly it retains the same diameter throughout. Its structure is similar to that of the ductus deferens. Occasionally it is found unconnected with the epididymis. A second tube, the ductulus aberrans superior, occurs in the head of the epididymis; it is connected with the rete testis. References Mammal male reproductive system
30577829	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold%20Jefferson%20Coolidge%20Jr.	Harold Jefferson Coolidge Jr.	Harold Jefferson Coolidge Jr. (January 15, 1904 – February 15, 1985) was an American zoologist and a founding director of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as well as of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF). Early life Coolidge was born in Boston, Massachusetts; his father Harold Jefferson Coolidge Sr. (1870–1934) was the brother of Archibald Cary Coolidge and Julian Coolidge. Coolidge was also a direct descendant of Thomas Jefferson, through Jefferson's daughter Martha Jefferson Randolph. Coolidge studied at Milton Academy and at the University of Arizona before entering Harvard. Originally, he had wanted to become a diplomat, like his uncle Archibald Cary Coolidge, but he soon turned to biology, specializing in primatology. After getting a B.S. from Harvard in 1927, he worked as curator at Harvard's Museum of Comparative Zoology. Career Coolidge participated in the Harvard Medical Expedition to Africa in 1926/27 to Liberia and the Belgian Congo, from where he brought back a large gorilla that is still on display at the Museum of Comparative Zoology. In 1929 he published "A revision of the genus Gorilla", which forms the basis of the modern taxonomy of the genus Gorilla. Coolidge participated in the Kelley-Roosevelt Expedition to Asia in 1928/29, and in 1937, he organized and led the Asiatic Primate Expedition through northwest Tonkin and northern Laos to study gibbons. Coolidge also studied at the University of Cambridge, England. In 1933, he published the first detailed account of bonobos, elevating them to species rank (Pan paniscus). Ernst Schwarz had already published in 1929 a brief paper on them and had classified them as the subspecies Pan satyrus paniscus, based on a skull from the Belgian Congo discovered at a museum at Tervuren, Belgium. In 1982, twenty years after Schwarz's death, Coolidge claimed to have discovered that skull first and to have been "taxonomically scooped" by Schwarz. Public service During World War II, Coolidge served in the OSS, where he developed, amongst other things, a chemical shark repellent, overseeing Julia Child, who worked as his executive assistant on the project. He was awarded the Legion of Merit in 1945. After the war, he became director of the Pacific Science Board of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, a post he held until 1970. He was also a member of the U.S. delegation at the conference in Fontainebleau in France where the International Union for Conservation of Nature was founded, and was elected its first vice-president. From 1966 to 1972, he served as IUCN president. In 1961, he was also one of the founding directors of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), and a WWF International Board member from 1971 to 1978. In 1980, Coolidge was awarded the J. Paul Getty Wildlife Conservation Prize for his work in nature conservation, one of many awards he got throughout his career. Personal life He died at the hospital in Beverly, Massachusetts of complications after a fall and was buried at Thomas Jefferson's home, Monticello. Selected publications Coolidge, H.J.: "A revision of the genus Gorilla", Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, vol 50, pp. 293–381, Harvard University 1929. Coolidge, H.J.: "Pan paniscus. Pigmy chimpanzee from south of the Congo river", American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 18(1), pp. 1–59; July/September 1933. Contains a translation of Schwarz's earlier report. References 1904 births 1985 deaths 20th-century American zoologists Coolidge family Recipients of the Legion of Merit University of Arizona alumni Harvard University alumni Presidents of the International Union for Conservation of Nature 20th-century American politicians
21937962	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevor%20Wood	Trevor Wood	Trevor John Wood (born 3 November 1968) is a former Northern Ireland international football goalkeeper. He played 130 league games in the English Football League, 100 league games in the League of Ireland, and won one cap for Northern Ireland in 1995. He began his career at Brighton & Hove Albion, but did not feature in the first team before he signed with Port Vale in May 1988. Mostly a back-up keeper for the "Valiants", he moved on to Walsall in May 1994. He helped the "Saddlers" to promotion out of the Third Division in 1994–95, before he signed with Hereford United in 1997. He then moved to Ireland to play for St Patrick's Athletic, and helped his new club to the League of Ireland title in 1997–98 and 1998–99, before he retired in 2001. Playing career Wood was a squad member for Brighton & Hove Albion before having a successful trial with John Rudge's Port Vale in May 1988. He kept a clean sheet on his debut; a 2–0 home win over Huddersfield Town on 3 October 1988. Despite this he was used mainly as a reserve keeper, and made only two appearances in the Third Division as back-up to Mark Grew and loanee Mike Stowell during the promotion campaign of 1988–89. He played just three Second Division games in 1989–90, with Grew retaining his place between the sticks at Vale Park. Wood earned the first team jersey in August 1990. He injured his thigh however, in a 2–0 defeat at Oldham Athletic on 16 February 1991, and took two months to win his first team place back. He made 37 appearances in all competitions in 1990–91, being preferred ahead of Grew. In August 1991 he once more fell out of favour, as Grew played every minute of the 1991–92 campaign. Wood was in goal for the 4–3 defeat on penalties to Go Ahead Eagles in the TNT Tournament on 9 August 1992, a tournament the Vale still managed to win. He started the 1992–93 season as first choice keeper, but lost his place to new signing Paul Musselwhite after five league games, having conceded a penalty at Vetch Field in an 'off the ball' incident with a Swansea player. At the end of the 1993–94 season, Wood was given a free transfer, and signed with Walsall in May 1994. The "Saddlers" won promotion out of the Third Division as runners-up in 1994–95 under the stewardship of Chris Nicholl. They then went on to finish eleventh in the Second Division in 1995–96, before Wood moved on to Graham Turner's Hereford United in the 1996–97 campaign. The "Bulls" finished bottom of the Football League, and were relegated into the Conference. He then signed for St. Patrick's Athletic and played in the Champions League preliminary round against Celtic in 1998, keeping a clean sheet in a 0–0 draw at Celtic Park. Celtic won the second leg 2–0 at Tolka Park. The "Saints" won the League of Ireland title in 1997–98 and 1998–99, also boasting the best defensive record on both occasions. However they dropped to sixth and fifth in 1999–2000 and 2000–01, and Wood left the club, having made 100 league appearances. International career FIFA regulations at the time allowed a player born outside of the United Kingdom with a British passport to choose which national team he wanted to represent, despite the Jersey Football Association having county football association status within England's Football Association. Wood was the first player to take advantage of the lax regulations when he was called up for a qualifying game against Republic of Ireland for UEFA Euro 1996 in March 1995. Wood earned a Northern Ireland cap on 11 October 1995 during the same qualifying campaign, coming on for Alan Fettis at half-time in a 4–0 win over Liechtenstein at the Sportpark Eschen-Mauren. He had been suggested to coach Bryan Hamilton by Chris Nicholl, his manager at Walsall. He then slipped down the international pecking order behind Fettis, Tommy Wright, Roy Carroll, and Aidan Davison. On 26 March 1996, he played in a rare Northern Ireland B team game, a 3–0 win over Norway Olympic XI at The Showgrounds in Coleraine. Statistics Source: Honours Port Vale TNT Tournament winner: 1992 Walsall Football League Third Division runner-up: 1994–95 St Patrick's Athletic League of Ireland champion: 1997–98 & 1998–99 References 1968 births Living people People from Saint Helier Jersey people of Irish descent Association footballers from Northern Ireland Northern Ireland international footballers Northern Ireland B international footballers Association football goalkeepers Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. players Port Vale F.C. players Walsall F.C. players Hereford United F.C. players St Patrick's Athletic F.C. players English Football League players League of Ireland players
51119564	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jovsi	Jovsi	Jovsi is an extensive natural plain divided into wetlands and covering an area of in the Municipality of Brežice in Slovenia. It lies west of the lower course of the Sotla River below the Kapele Hills (). It is bounded by the road from Župelevec to Dobova to the west and the Sotla River to the east. The name Jovsi is derived from German Jauchsee 'fetid lake'. Until the Sotla River was regulated, the area was regularly inundated by floodwaters from the river. Jovsi is a flood-zone wetland of exceptional natural interest, distinguished by its great diversity of flora and fauna. About 80 species of birds nest here, which has provided ornithologists with the opportunity to collect extensive data. Certain important European species are regularly or intermittently found in Jovsi: the white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla), European roller (Coracias garrulus), black stork (Ciconia nigra), white stork (Ciconia ciconia), common snipe (Gallinago gallinago), corn crake (Crex crex), and lesser grey shrike (Lanius minor). Because of its importance for nature conservation, the area is protected as a nature park. References Wetlands of Slovenia Municipality of Brežice Lower Sava Valley
43300354	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bj%C3%B8rn%20Stiler	Bjørn Stiler	Bjørn Stiler (24 July 1911 – 30 March 1996) was a Danish cyclist. He competed in the tandem event at the 1936 Summer Olympics. References External links 1911 births 1996 deaths Danish male cyclists Olympic cyclists of Denmark Cyclists at the 1936 Summer Olympics Sportspeople from Copenhagen
35601012	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anokha%20Daan	Anokha Daan	Anokha Daan is a 1972 Hindi film directed by Asit Sen. The film starred Anil Dhawan, Rakesh Pandey, Kabir Bedi, Archana and Zaheera. Cast Archana Kabir Bedi Tarun Bose Anil Dhawan Mukri Nadira Rakesh Pandey Zaheera Music The music of the film was composed by Salil Chowdhury, while lyrics were penned by Yogesh and contains songs such as: "Hame Yaad Kahin You Kar Leta" (Lata Mangeshkar) "Madhbhari Yeh Hawaein" (Lata Mangeshkar) "Hamrahi Manzil Ke" (Kishore Kumar) "Mana Ki Hai Zindagi" (Lata Mangeshkar) "Aayen Ghir Ghir Saavan Ki Kali Kali Ghatayen" (Kishore Kumar) This film is rarely available from DVD vendors and has been featured through Zee TV. References External links 1972 films 1970s Hindi-language films Indian drama films Indian films Films scored by Salil Chowdhury 1972 drama films Hindi-language drama films
57472552	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleak%20House%20%28band%29	Bleak House (band)	Bleak House were a British heavy metal band formed in 1972. They are best known for their song "Rainbow Warrior", which gained fame due to its similarities with the Metallica song, "Welcome Home (Sanitarium)". After being inactive for nearly 40 years, it was announced that they would be reuniting for a one-off show for the Keep it True Festival in Lauda-Königshofen, Germany as part of the 2021 setlist, which was then postponed to 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Personnel Former members Jon Kocel – bass Maurice Hollingsworth – drums Bob Bonshor – guitar Graham Killin – guitar, vocals Graham Shaw – vocals Paul Hornby – bass Gez Turner – bass Roy Reed – drums Ronnie Neighbour – vocals Jim Winspur – vocals Discography Source: Rainbow Warrior (EP, 1980, Buzzard Records) Lions in Winter (EP, 1982, Buzzard Records) Live 1980 (Live album, 2000, Self-released) Suspended Animation (Compilation, 2009, Buried by Time and Dust Records) Bleak House (Compilation, 2013) References English heavy metal musical groups Musical groups established in 1972 1972 establishments in England Musical groups from St Albans
8161588	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20highways%20numbered%20240	List of highways numbered 240	Route 240 or Highway 240 may refer to: Australia Wimmera Highway Canada Manitoba Provincial Road 240 Prince Edward Island Route 240 Saskatchewan Highway 240 Costa Rica National Route 240 Japan Japan National Route 240 United States Interstate 240 U.S. Route 240 (former) California State Route 240 (former) Florida State Road 240 (former) Georgia State Route 240 Hawaii Route 240 Indiana State Road 240 Kentucky Route 240 Massachusetts Route 240 Minnesota State Highway 240 (former) Missouri Route 240 Montana Secondary Highway 240 New Mexico State Road 240 New York State Route 240 Oregon Route 240 Pennsylvania Route 240 South Dakota Highway 240 Tennessee State Route 240 Texas State Highway 240 Texas State Highway Loop 240 Texas State Highway Spur 240 Utah State Route 240 Virginia State Route 240 Washington State Route 240 Wyoming Highway 240
67149864	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beguea	Beguea	Beguea is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Sapindaceae. Its native range is Madagascar. Species: Beguea ankeranensis Beguea apetala Beguea australis Beguea betamponensis Beguea birkinshawii Beguea borealis Beguea galokensis Beguea tsaratananensis Beguea turkii Beguea vulgaris References Sapindaceae Sapindaceae genera
473660	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1618%20in%20science	1618 in science	The year 1618 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy March 8 – May 15 – Johannes Kepler formulates the third law of planetary motion. July 21 – Pluto (not known at this time) reaches an aphelion. It next comes to aphelion in 1866. Johann Baptist Cysat, Swiss Jesuit geometer and astronomer and one of Christoph Scheiner's pupils, becomes the first to study a comet through the telescope and gives the first description of the nucleus and coma of a comet. September 6–25 – The Great Comet of 1618 is visible to the naked eye. Biology Fortunio Liceti's De spontaneo Viventium Ortu supports the theory of spontaneous generation of organisms. Medicine The College of Physicians of London publishes the Pharmacopœia Londinensis. Births April 2 – Francesco Maria Grimaldi, Italian physicist, discoverer of the diffraction of light (died 1663) Jeremiah Horrocks, English astronomer (died 1641) Deaths June 6 – Sir James Lancaster, English navigator (born 1554) October 29 – Walter Ralegh, English explorer (born c. 1554) Luca Valerio, Italian mathematician (born 1553) References 17th century in science 1610s in science
66830643	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardi%20Castle	Ardi Castle	Ardi castle () is a historical castle located in Abarkuh County in Yazd Province, The longevity of this fortress dates back to the Qajar dynasty. References Castles in Iran Qajar castles
55937953	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharya%20Guruge	Sharya Guruge	Sharya Guruge (born 31 May 1992) is a Sri Lankan female squash player. She became a national squash champion in the women's singles at the 2011 Squash National Championships. Sharya has also competed for Sri Lanka at the 2010 Commonwealth Games References External links Profile at Commonwealth Games 1992 births Living people Sri Lankan female squash players Squash players at the 2010 Commonwealth Games Sportspeople from Colombo Commonwealth Games competitors for Sri Lanka
9890367	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rough%20for%20Radio%20I	Rough for Radio I	Rough for Radio I is a short radio play by Samuel Beckett, written in French in 1961 and first published in Minuit 5 in September 1973 as Esquisse radiophonique. Its first English publication as Sketch for Radio Play was in Stereo Headphones 7 (spring 1976). It first appeared under its current title in Ends and Odds (Grove 1976, Faber 1977). "Plans for a BBC production, with Humphrey Searle providing the music, were made soon after the publication of the original French version but came to nothing and a later BBC proposal to produce the play without music was rejected by Beckett in the late 1970s. According to the Beckett estate the French version was produced by ORTF (Office de Radiodiffusion Télévision Française) in 1962, although Beckett himself seems later to have forgotten about this production." A complete run of all Beckett's radio plays was presented by RTÉ Radio 1 in 2006 to celebrate the centenary of the author's birth; Rough for Radio I was broadcast on April 12. The work has also been produced on compact disc by the British pianist John Tilbury who also speaks the part of "He". It was recorded at Trinity College of Music and Electronic Music Studio, Goldsmiths College, London, in 2004/5 along with a version of Cascando, the music composed and performed by John Tilbury with electronic modulations by Sebastian Lexer. Synopsis An unnamed woman visits a gloomy man, who we learn is called Macgillycuddy. She is under the impression that she is there on his invitation; he says not but nevertheless allows her entry. He is civil, formal, his conversation phatic. He effects a faux-subservience with his continual use of "Madam", but takes no steps to make her stay comfortable, refusing to provide even "a little heat" or "a little light" but he doesn't go so far as to forbid her squatting on the thick cushion she sees. "[W]e experience a practiced talker at work in the female well-wisher, with her reliable memory and inventory of conversational 'gambits' at the ready. Despite her skill, she is stymied in her efforts to advance the conversation by the male protagonist's uncooperative obduracy. He refuses to accommodate her desire to establish a probing 'frame', to elicit the information that her curiosity craves." Even when she expresses concern for how troubled he seems to her the man refuses, as Vladimir would put it, to "return the ball." He is a model of polite restraint, but why? She has come, she informs him, to listen but then asks if she can "see them". He says not but he does permit her to operate the two knobs that control the music and the words she has come to hear. "[I]s it live?" she wants to know. He doesn't answer other than to instruct her how to control the sounds: "[You] must twist … To the right." His subsequent answers indicate there are individuals behind the sounds, one producing words, the other music. Each is alone, isolated from the other and required to produce their respective sound continually without respite. The man says he can't however describe their conditions for her. Both sounds are faint and "not together". The woman wants them louder but the volume never varies while she is there. Having heard as much as she needs she wants to know if Macgillycuddy likes what he hears. For once he opens up and confesses that "[i]t has become a need"<ref>Beckett, S., Collected Shorter Plays of Samuel Beckett (London: Faber and Faber, 1984), p 109</ref> but admits nothing more. She readies to go, leaving him to his "needs" (a rather sardonic remark which he fails to counter). Before she exits, she asks a strange question: "Is that a Turkoman?" Predictably the man ignores the question and goes to show her out. She takes a wrong turn and nearly walks into where they keep the "house garbage" implying that there are other locations that produce waste. After she has left there is a long pause. The audience then hears the sound of two curtains being drawn evocative of those around a hospital bed. The man picks up the telephone receiver and dials. We only hear his side of the following phone conversations. He asks the young lady who answers the phone – he refers to her as "Miss" – to have the doctor call him back. He says that it's urgent and waits impatiently for the phone to ring. It is hard to believe this is the same man who was so proper with his woman visitor only a few lines earlier. Could this be a different point in time completely? Or were the curtains available all the time but were only closed while he attended to his unwelcome visitor? He gets a return call but it's only to inform him that they cannot locate the doctor. She rings off and he curses her: "Slut!" His agitation builds. He's beginning to panic. The phone rings a second time. This time it may be the doctor who asks a number of pertinent questions to which the answers are, "they’re ending", "this morning", "she’s left me", "they’re together" and "how could they meet?" The voice on the end of the phone tries to reassure him that "last … gasps" are all alike and then rings off telling him he'll receive a visit in an hour. Macgillycuddy slams the phone down and curses again. This time he uses the word "Swine!" suggestive of the fact that he has been talking to a different person, most likely a male. A few moments later the phone rings one final time. He's now told not to expect the doctor before noon the next day; he has two births (first gasps?) to attend to, one of which is breech. Music and Voice are then heard ", ending, breaking off together, resuming together more and more feebly" and then there is nothing. After a long pause the man whispers, "Tomorrow … noon …" Interpretation Critics tend to avoid or at best gloss over this short piece. "Beckett's play is a sort of quartet, a dialogue between a man, 'he', and a woman, 'she', interspersed by 'Music' and 'Voice'. 'Music' and 'Voice' are, we are led to believe, going on all the time; 'he' has two buttons, which allow him to listen in to them. Within the Beckett canon Rough for Radio I is usually thought of as a preliminary exploration of the possibilities of radio, which would be explored more fully in Cascando and Words and Music.” Barry McGovern confirms that Beckett requested that "[t]he first Rough for Radio [was] not for production, the author feeling that Cascando had overtaken it, so to speak." In Rough for Radio I, the voice and the music are switched on and off as if they are being broadcast simultaneously on two separate radio stations. The same idea is presented in Cascando, but there the voice and the music do not seem to derive from an external source. Very much as the sound of the sea is in Embers, in Radio I, as it is sometimes called, "[m]usic is not, as usual, merely functional (for instance, as intermezzo, background music or even worse, quite simply a creator of atmosphere), but […] is allotted an intrinsic role." But it is not simply a matter of turning a radio on and off. Voice and Music are characters in their own right. They occupy identical physical locations and conditions away from the "elicitor", as Merle Tönnies refers to him, and are apparently unaware of each other's existence. Macgillycuddy acts as a master figure [who] "extorts words or sounds from his servants or victims, over whom he appears to have absolute control." Only he doesn't. Like the living statue in Catastrophe Voice and Music are capable of rebellion, even if that rebellion is simply to die and thus upset the status quo. As the play moves on it becomes clear that they are slipping out of his control. In many ways it is "obvious that the master is as dependent on his servants as they are on him." Rather than the doctor being needed to attend to the ailing Voice and Music, Barry McGovern has put forward the thought that it is the man himself who is seeking medical attention and draws a parallel with the Bolton and Holloway story in Embers. It has also been suggested that the knobs access a kind of sonar, which could allow the visitor to monitor the two babies that are waiting to be born. There could be a personal connection too. He says everyone has left him. This might include a pregnant wife. The fact that Voice and Music occupy two identical spaces could represent wombs but there is too little to work with here to be sure. Works inspired byRadio I is a realisation of Rough for Radio I, which the Dutch composer Richard Rijnvos made for Nederlandse Omroep Stichting (NOS) in 1991. Michael Gough played 'He' and Joan Plowright, 'She'. The composer John Cage was the voice with music by the Ives Ensemble. In Raymond Gervais's 2006 work Je suis venue pour écouter (I Have Come to Listen), extracts from Esquisse radiophonique as well as from his own translation of Rough for Radio II'' appear on the cover of CD cases grouped together on the wall. Displayed in total darkness, the installation can only be discovered partially, with the use of a flashlight. References External links blip.tv audio file RTÉ audio file Website of Richard Rijnvos Live production by A Somber Threat Theatre Ensemble 1961 plays Theatre of the Absurd Plays by Samuel Beckett
8474825	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial%20vault	Cranial vault	The cranial vault is the space in the skull within the neurocranium, occupied by the brain. Development In humans, the cranial vault is imperfectly composed in newborns, to allow the large human head to pass through the birth canal. During birth, the various bones connected by cartilage and ligaments only will move relatively to each other. The open portion between the major bones of the upper part of the vault, called fontanelles, normally remain soft up to two years after birth. As the fontanelles close, the vault loses some of its plasticity. The sutures between the bones remain until 30 to 40 years of age, allowing for growth of the brain. Cranial vault size is directly proportional to skull size and is developed early. The size and shape of the brain and the surrounding vault remain quite plastic as the brain grows in childhood. In several ancient societies, head shape was altered for aesthetic or religious reasons by binding cloth or boards tightly around the head during infancy. It is not known whether such artificial cranial deformation has an effect in brain power. Evolution The cranial vault is composed of the endocranium forming the basal parts, topped by the skull roof in land vertebrates. In fishes no distinct cranial vault as such exists. Instead, the skull is composed of loosely jointed bones. The cranial vault as a distinct unit arose with the fusion of the skull roof and the endocranium on the early Labyrinthodonts. In amphibians and reptiles the vault is rather small and inconspicuous, only forming proper vaults in mammals and birds. See also Skull Craniometry Phrenology References Biology terminology lt:Kaukolės ertmė
65610401	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibley%20Lake%20%28Kidder%20County%2C%20North%20Dakota%29	Sibley Lake (Kidder County, North Dakota)	Sibley Lake is a body of water located six miles north of Dawson in Kidder County, North Dakota. The lake has a surface area listed at . It is fished for walleye and perch. In 1975, Sibley Lake was designated as a National Natural Landmark by the National Park Service. References Lakes of North Dakota Bodies of water of Kidder County, North Dakota National Natural Landmarks in North Dakota
50426916	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinko%20Cvitan	Dinko Cvitan	Dinko Cvitan is a Croatian lawyer who served as an Attorney General of Croatia between 24 April 2014 and 20 April 2018, had previously served as director of the Croatian State Prosecutor's Office for the Suppression of Organized Crime and Corruption. Early life and education Dinko Cvitan was born in Zagreb in 1958 where he finished elementary and high school, after which he enrolled in Zagreb Faculty of Law from which he graduated in 1983. Career After graduation, Cvitan started working as a trainee at the Zagreb Municipal Court. In 1985, he passed the bar exam, and after that started working at the Zagreb Municipal State Attorney's Office where he was appointed as Deputy Municipal State Attorney in 1986. Since 1991, he worked as a lawyer in a private practice, first in Daruvar and after the breakout of Croatian War of Independence, in Zagreb. In 1999, he started working as the director of legal affairs in insurance company Sunce osiguranje d.d. In 2003, Cvitan returned to the State's Attorney Office. In August 2003, he was promoted to a Deputy County Prosecutor, but immediately after that he was assigned the duties of Deputy Director of USKOK. Since February 2004, he received a permanent appointment to the position of deputy director of USKOK. In October 2005, he was appointed Deputy Attorney General and on 2 November 2005 the acting director of USKOK, instead of Željko Žganjer who resigned in the circumstances of poor relations with the Attorney General Mladen Bajić. In late February 2014, he was mentioned as a completely new prospective candidate for the position of the Attorney General. He was appointed to that position on 7 March 2014 by the Croatian Parliament. References 1958 births Attorneys general Lawyers from Zagreb Living people
57418307	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Rippon	Mary Rippon	Mary Rippon (May 25, 1850 - September 8, 1935) was the first woman to teach at a state university, as well as the first female professor at the University of Colorado Boulder. Rippon began teaching French and German at CU in 1878, became head of Germanic languages and literature, and served at the university until 1909. Mary Rippon Outdoor Theatre, the location of the annual Colorado Shakespeare Festival, is named in her honor. Early life Mary Rippon was born May 25, 1850, in Lisbon, Illinois, to Thomas Rippon and Jane Skinner, who had immigrated from England. Her father died when she was ten months old, and because he did not leave a will and Mary was his only child, she inherited his farm. After her mother abandoned her, she lived with neighbors and extended family. She attended the high school department of Illinois State Normal University, a teacher training school. Money from the sale of the farm funded her education, and when she turned 18 she had access to the remainder of her inheritance. After high school, Rippon spent five years studying in Germany, Switzerland, and France. Education and career Rippon taught German at a high school in Detroit for one school year from 1876 to 1877. In 1877, she received an offer of employment from Joseph Sewall, who had taught at Illinois Normal School and was the first president of the newly established University of Colorado. She joined the University of Colorado faculty in January 1878. Rippon arrived at the University of Colorado to teach German and French language and literature; during the first term she also taught English grammar and mathematics. In 1891 she became head of the Department of Modern Languages, which later became the Department of Germanic Languages and Literature. Mary Rippon retired from teaching in 1909. Personal life In 1887, at age thirty-seven, Rippon met Will Housel, a student in her German class, who was then twenty-five. The two engaged in a romantic relationship. When she became pregnant, Rippon took a year off from teaching and went to Europe, secretly marrying Housel in St. Louis on the way. When she returned to the university, her daughter Miriam remained behind, first with Housel and later in an orphanage. Housel returned to Colorado, but the two never lived together. Rippon provided financial support to Miriam and Housel, even after he remarried. Rippon occasionally visited her daughter, but Miriam believed Rippon was her aunt. Rippon's family remained a secret, even while Miriam taught at the University of Colorado. In the 1970s, Miriam's son revealed that he was Rippon's descendant. Posthumous honors Mary Rippon died on September 8, 1935, from myocarditis. The Regents of the University of Colorado approved plans for an outdoor theatre named in her honor. The Mary Rippon Theatre, located on CU's campus, hosts the annual Colorado Shakespeare Festival each summer. In 1985, Rippon was inducted into the Colorado Women's Hall of Fame. Rippon was awarded posthumous honorary doctorate from the University of Colorado in May 2006. References University of Colorado Boulder faculty 1850 births 1935 deaths American educators People from Boulder, Colorado

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