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66180763
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parag%20Chaliha
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Parag Chaliha
|
Parag Chaliha (1923-1999) was an Indian politician. He was a Member of Parliament, representing Assam in the Rajya Sabha the upper house of India's Parliament representing the Asom Gana Parishad.
References
Lok Sabha members from Assam
Rajya Sabha members from Assam
1923 births
1999 deaths
Asom Gana Parishad politicians
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11353293
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attribute-based%20access%20control
|
Attribute-based access control
|
Attribute-based access control (ABAC), also known as policy-based access control for IAM, defines an access control paradigm whereby access rights are granted to users through the use of policies which combine attributes together. The policies can use any type of attributes (user attributes, resource attributes, object, environment attributes etc.). This model supports Boolean logic, in which rules contain "IF, THEN" statements about who is making the request, the resource, and the action. For example: IF the requester is a manager, THEN allow read/write access to sensitive data. The NIST framework introduces the main concepts of ABAC as its entities, i.e. PAP (Policy Administration Point), PEP (Policy Enforcement Point), PDP (Policy Decision Point) and PIP (Policy Information Point).
Unlike role-based access control (RBAC), which employs pre-defined roles that carry a specific set of privileges associated with them and to which subjects are assigned, the key difference with ABAC is the concept of policies that express a complex Boolean rule set that can evaluate many different attributes. Attribute values can be set-valued or atomic-valued. Set-valued attributes contain more than one atomic value. Examples are role and project. Atomic-valued attributes contain only one atomic value. Examples are clearance and sensitivity. Attributes can be compared to static values or to one another, thus enabling relation-based access control.
Although the concept itself existed for many years, ABAC is considered a "next generation" authorization model because it provides dynamic, context-aware and risk-intelligent access control to resources allowing access control policies that include specific attributes from many different information systems to be defined to resolve an authorization and achieve an efficient regulatory compliance, allowing enterprises flexibility in their implementations based on their existing infrastructures.
Attribute-based access control is sometimes referred to as policy-based access control (PBAC) or claims-based access control (CBAC), which is a Microsoft-specific term. The key standards that implement ABAC are XACML and ALFA (XACML).
Dimensions of attribute-based access control
ABAC can be seen as:
Externalized authorization management
Dynamic authorization management
Policy-based access control
Fine-grained authorization
Components
Architecture
ABAC comes with a recommended architecture which is as follows:
The PEP or Policy Enforcement Point: it is responsible for protecting the apps & data you want to apply ABAC to. The PEP inspects the request and generates an authorization request from it which it sends to the PDP.
The PDP or Policy Decision Point is the brain of the architecture. This is the piece which evaluates incoming requests against policies it has been configured with. The PDP returns a Permit / Deny decision. The PDP may also use PIPs to retrieve missing metadata
The PIP or Policy Information Point bridges the PDP to external sources of attributes e.g. LDAP or databases.
Attributes
Attributes can be about anything and anyone. They tend to fall into 4 different categories:
Subject attributes: attributes that describe the user attempting the access e.g. age, clearance, department, role, job title...
Action attributes: attributes that describe the action being attempted e.g. read, delete, view, approve...
Object attributes: attributes that describe the object (or resource) being accessed e.g. the object type (medical record, bank account...), the department, the classification or sensitivity, the location...
Contextual (environment) attributes: attributes that deal with time, location or dynamic aspects of the access control scenario
Policies
Policies are statements that bring together attributes to express what can happen and is not allowed. Policies in ABAC can be granting or denying policies. Policies can also be local or global and can be written in a way that they override other policies. Examples include:
A user can view a document if the document is in the same department as the user
A user can edit a document if they are the owner and if the document is in draft mode
Deny access before 9am
With ABAC you can have as many policies as you like that cater to many different scenarios and technologies.
Other models
Historically, access control models have included mandatory access control (MAC), discretionary access control (DAC), and more recently role-based access control (RBAC). These access control models are user-centric and do not take into account additional parameters such as resource information, the relationship between the user (the requesting entity) and the resource, and dynamic information e.g. time of the day or user IP.
ABAC tries to address this by defining access control based on attributes which describe the requesting entity (the user), the targeted object or resource, the desired action (view, edit, delete...), and environmental or contextual information. This is why access control is said to be attribute-based.
Implementations
One standard that implements attribute- and policy-based access control is XACML, the eXtensible Access Control Markup Language. XACML defines an architecture, a policy language, and a request / response scheme. It does not handle attribute management (user attribute assignment, object attribute assignment, environment attribute assignment) which is left to traditional IAM tools, databases, and directories.
Companies, including every branch in the United States military, have started using ABAC. At a basic level, ABAC protects data with ‘IF/THEN/AND’ rules rather than assign data to users. The US Department of Commerce has made this a mandatory practice and the adoption is spreading throughout several governmental and military agencies.
Applications
The concept of ABAC can be applied at any level of the technology stack and an enterprise infrastructure. For example, ABAC can be used at the firewall, server, application, database, and data layer. The use of attributes bring additional context to evaluate the legitimacy of any request for access and inform the decision to grant or deny access.
An important consideration when evaluating ABAC solutions is to understand its potential overhead on performance and its impact on the user experience. It is expected that the more granular the controls, the higher the overhead.
API and micro services security
ABAC can be used to apply attribute-based, fine-grained authorization to the API methods or functions. For instance, a banking API may expose an approveTransaction(transId) method. ABAC can be used to secure the call. With ABAC, a policy author can write the following:
Policy: managers can approve transactions up to their approval limit
Attributes used: role, action ID, object type, amount, approval limit.
The flow would be as follows:
The user, Alice, calls the API method approveTransaction(123)
The API receives the call and authenticates the user.
An interceptor in the API calls out to the authorization engine (typically called a Policy Decision Point or PDP) and asks: Can Alice approve transaction 123?
The PDP retrieves the ABAC policy and necessary attributes.
The PDP reaches a decision e.g. Permit or Deny and returns it to the API interceptor
If the decision is Permit, the underlying API business logic is called. Otherwise the API returns an error or access denied.
Application security
One of the key benefits to ABAC is that the authorization policies and attributes can be defined in a technology neutral way. This means policies defined for APIs or databases can be reused in the application space. Common applications that can benefit from ABAC are:
content management systems
ERPs
home-grown applications
web applications
The same process and flow as the one described in the API section applies here too.
Database security
Security for databases has long been specific to the database vendors: Oracle VPD, IBM FGAC, and Microsoft RLS are all means to achieve fine-grained ABAC-like security.
An example would be:
Policy: managers can view transactions in their region
Reworked policy in a data-centric way: users with can do the action on if
Data security
Data security typically goes one step further than database security and applies control directly to the data element. This is often referred to as data-centric security. On traditional relational databases, ABAC policies can control access to data at the table, column, field, cell and sub-cell using logical controls with filtering conditions and masking based on attributes. Attributes can be data, user, session or tools based to deliver the greatest level of flexibility in dynamically granting/denying access to a specific data element. On big data, and distributed file systems such as Hadoop, ABAC applied at the data layer control access to folder, sub-folder, file, sub-file and other granular.
Big data security
Attribute-based access control can also be applied to Big Data systems like Hadoop. Policies similar to those used previously can be applied when retrieving data from data lakes.
File server security
As of Windows Server 2012, Microsoft has implemented an ABAC approach to controlling access to files and folders. This is achieved through dynamic access control (DAC) and Security Descriptor Definition Language (SDDL). SDDL can be seen as an ABAC language as it uses metadata of the user (claims) and of the file / folder to control access.
See also
References
External links
Role-Based Access Control vs. Attribute-Based Access Control — Explained
ATTRIBUTE BASED ACCESS CONTROL (ABAC) - OVERVIEW
Unified Attribute Based Access Control Model (ABAC) covering DAC, MAC and RBAC
Attribute Based Access Control Models (ABAC) and Implementation in Cloud Infrastructure as a Service
ABAC not RBAC: Welcome to the (IoT) World of Contextual Security, 2015, Lori MacVittie
Market Compass: Dynamic Authorization Management, 2020, Graham Williamson
Access control
Computer access control
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47747036
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin%20Fox%20%28theatrical%20agent%29
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Robin Fox (theatrical agent)
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Robin Fox MC (15 July 1913 – 20 January 1971) was an English actor, theatrical agent, and chairman of the English Stage Company, best remembered as the founder of a family of actors. His sons are Edward, James, and Robert Fox. His grandchildren include Emilia, Laurence, Jack and Freddie Fox.
Early life
Fox was born in the parish of St George's, Hanover Square, Westminster, the son of Arthur William Fox and Hilda Louise Fox (formerly the actress Hilda Alcock, real name Hilda Louise Hanbury), a member of Herbert Beerbohm Tree's theatrical company), and was the grandson of Samson Fox (1838–1903), a British engineer and philanthropist, principal founder of the Royal College of Music and inventor of the corrugated boiler flue. His mother and his aunt Lily Hanbury were first cousins of Julia Neilson, mother of Phyllis and Dennis Neilson-Terry. Julia Neilson was married to Fred Terry, brother of Dame Ellen Terry. Altogether seven of his cousins were actors.
Career
During the Second World War, Fox became an officer cadet and in August 1940 was commissioned into the Royal Artillery. In February 1945, he was awarded the Military Cross. He rose to the rank of acting major.
Becoming a theatrical agent, by the 1960s Fox was the senior partner of the Robin Fox Organization, with offices in Regent Street. As well as representing many performers, including Julie Christie, Paul Scofield, Marianne Faithfull, and Maggie Smith, he also acted on behalf of film-makers, of whom one was Joseph Losey.
In 1962, Fox quarrelled bitterly with Tony Richardson, when he attempted to forbid his friend Richardson from giving his son James "Willie" Fox a part in the film The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner. Fox claimed Willie had no talent for acting and should not give up his job in a bank.
In 1966, Robin Fox appeared in a cameo role in the film Modesty Blaise, as a man who rings a doorbell.
In 1970, Fox and Oscar Lewenstein jointly succeeded Neville Blond as chairman of the English Stage Company, but Fox died from cancer only six months later.
Personal life
Fox married Angela Worthington, an actress and the illegitimate daughter of the English playwright Frederick Lonsdale. She had been the subject of Noël Coward's song "Don't Put Your Daughter on the Stage, Mrs Worthington!" She wrote two books about her life and marriage, Slightly Foxed (1986) and Completely Foxed, and revealed that when she was newly married and first pregnant Fox told her "You do know that I have no intention of being faithful to you. I shall sleep with whoever I like". They had three sons, Edward, James, and Robert Fox.
Fox has been called "a notorious philanderer", and his conquests are reported to have included Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark, the widow of Prince George, Duke of Kent. He had a long affair with Rosalind Chatto, wife of the actor Tom Chatto, who was his secretary before she became an agent on her own account, and is claimed to be the father of her son, Daniel Chatto.
At the time of his death Fox was living at Ockenden Cottage, Cuckfield, Sussex. He left an estate valued at £102,625.
Filmography
References
External links
Robin Fox at geni.com
Robin Fox at thepeerage.com
1913 births
1971 deaths
Deaths from cancer in England
Male actors from London
English talent agents
Recipients of the Military Cross
Royal Artillery officers
Robin Fox family
People from Westminster
British Army personnel of World War II
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45426846
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute%20of%20Experimental%20Medicine%2C%20Academy%20of%20Sciences%20of%20the%20Czech%20Republic
|
Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
|
Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (IEM) is focused on biomedical research, incl. cell biology, neuropathology, teratology, cancer research, molecular embryology, stem cells and nervous tissue regeneration as such leading institution in the research in the CR it was selected as an EU Center of Excellence (MEDIPRA). IEM is member of Network of European Neuroscience Institutes (ENI-NET).
Departments
Auditory Neuroscience
Laboratory of Auditory Physiology and Pathology, Laboratory of Synaptic Physiology
Genetic Ecotoxicology
Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Laboratory of Genomics
Teratology
Laboratory of Embryogenesis, Laboratory of Odontogenesis
Molecular Biology of Cancer
Laboratory of the Genetics of Cancer, Laboratory of DNA Repair
Transplantation Immunology
Laboratory of Eye Histochemistry and Pharmacology
Neuroscience
Laboratory of Diffusion Studies and Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Tissue Culture and Stem Cells, Laboratory of biomaterials and biophysical methods)
Other departments
Dep. of Cellular Neurophysiology, Molecular Neurophysiology, Functional Organization of Biomembranes, Pharmacology, Tissue Engineering
References
External links
Czech medical research
Nanomedicine
Neuroscience research centers in the Czech Republic
Cancer organizations
Medical and health organizations based in the Czech Republic
Czech Academy of Sciences
1975 establishments in Czechoslovakia
Research institutes established in 1975
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12945372
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What%20a%20Wonderful%20Time
|
What a Wonderful Time
|
What a Wonderful Time is the tenth studio album by American singer Yolanda Adams. Her second Christmas album and only record to be released by Columbia Records, it was issued on October 17, 2007. What a Wonderful Time consists of ten tracks, featuring five original songs and five cover versions of Christmas standards and carols.
Track listing
Charts
Release history
References
Yolanda Adams albums
Christmas albums by American artists
Columbia Records Christmas albums
2007 Christmas albums
Gospel Christmas albums
Albums produced by Michael J. Powell
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4167230
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl-class%20cruiser
|
Pearl-class cruiser
|
The Pearl-class cruiser was a class of nine third-class cruisers designed by Sir William White, five of which were paid for by Australia under the terms of the Imperial Defence Act of 1887 to serve in Australian waters.
Design
Pearl-class ships displaced 2,575 tons and were capable of .
Ships
References
Battleships-cruisers.co.uk: Pearl-class
External links
Cruiser classes
Ship classes of the Royal Navy
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46487616
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritillaria%20macedonica
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Fritillaria macedonica
|
Fritillaria macedonica is a European species of flowering plant in the lily family Liliaceae, native to Albania, North Macedonia and Serbia.
References
External links
Universal Postal Union, Flora of Macedonia - Endemic Species - Fritillaria macedonica Bornm photo of Macedonian postage stamp featuring color depiction of Fritillaria macedonica
Balkan Photos, Fritillaria macedonica, Mavrovo Macedonia
Smugmug, North American Rock Garden Society Photographic competition 2012, photo by Kees Jan van Zwienen
macedonica
Flora of Southeastern Europe
Plants described in 1923
Taxa named by Joseph Friedrich Nicolaus Bornmüller
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11329508
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period%20%28gene%29
|
Period (gene)
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Period (per) is a gene located on the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. Oscillations in levels of both per transcript and its corresponding protein PER have a period of approximately 24 hours and together play a central role in the molecular mechanism of the Drosophila biological clock driving circadian rhythms in eclosion and locomotor activity. Mutations in the per gene can shorten (perS), lengthen (perL), and even abolish (per0) the period of the circadian rhythm.
Discovery
The period gene and three mutants (perS, perL, and per0) were isolated in an EMS mutagenesis screen by Ronald Konopka and Seymour Benzer in 1971. The perS, perL, and per0 mutations were found to not complement each other, so it was concluded that the three phenotypes were due to mutations in the same gene. The discovery of mutants that altered the period of circadian rhythms in eclosion and locomotor activity (perS and perL) indicated the role of the per gene in the clock itself and not an output pathway. The period gene was first sequenced in 1984 by Michael Rosbash and colleagues. In 1998, it was discovered that per produces two transcripts (differing only by the alternative splicing of a single untranslated intron) which both encode the PER protein.
Function
Circadian clock
In Drosophila, per mRNA levels oscillate with a period of approximately 24 hours, peaking during the early subjective night. The per product PER also oscillates with a nearly 24-hour period, peaking about six hours after per mRNA levels during the middle subjective night. When PER levels increase, the inhibition of per transcription increases, lowering the protein levels. However, because PER protein cannot directly bind to DNA, it does not directly influence its own transcription; alternatively, it inhibits its own activators. After PER is produced from per mRNA, it dimerizes with Timeless (TIM) and the complex goes into the nucleus and inhibits the transcription factors of per and tim, the CLOCK/CYCLE heterodimer. This CLOCK/CYCLE complex acts as a transcriptional activator for per and tim by binding to specific enhancers (called E-boxes) of their promoters. Therefore, inhibition of CLK/CYC lowers per and tim mRNA levels, which in turn lower the levels of PER and TIM. Now, cryptochrome (CRY) is a light sensitive protein which inhibits TIM in the presence of light. When TIM is not complexed with PER, another protein, doubletime, or DBT, phosphorylates PER, targeting it for degradation.
In mammals, an analogous transcription-translation negative feedback loop is observed. Translated from the three mammalian homologs of drosophila-per, one of three PER proteins (PER1, PER2, and PER3) dimerizes via its PAS domain with one of two cryptochrome proteins (CRY1 and CRY2) to form a negative element of the clock. This PER/CRY complex moves into the nucleus upon phosphorylation by CK1-epsilon (casein kinase 1 epsilon) and inhibits the CLK/BMAL1 heterodimer, the transcription factor that is bound to the E-boxes of the three per and two cry promoters by basic helix-loop-helix (BHLH) DNA-binding domains.
The mammalian period 1 and period 2 genes play key roles in photoentrainment of the circadian clock to light pulses. This was first seen in 1999 when Akiyama et al. showed that mPer1 is necessary for phase shifts induced by light or glutamate release. Two years later, Albrecht et al. found genetic evidence to support this result when they discovered that mPer1 mutants are not able to advance the clock in response to a late-night light pulse (ZT22) and that mPer2 mutants are not able to delay the clock in response to an early night light pulse (ZT14). Thus, mPer1 and mPer2 are necessary for the daily resetting of the circadian clock to normal environmental light cues.
per has also been implicated in the regulation of several output processes of the biological clock, including mating activity and oxidative stress response, through per mutation and knockout experiments.
Drosophila melanogaster has naturally occurring variation in Thr-Gly repeats, occurring along a latitude cline. Flies with 17 Thr-Gly repeats are found more commonly in Southern Europe and 20 Thr-Gly repeats are found more commonly in Northern Europe.
Non-circadian
In addition to its circadian functions, per has also been implicated in a variety of other non-circadian processes.
The mammalian period 2 gene plays a key role in tumor growth in mice; mice with an mPer2 knockout show a significant increase in tumor development and a significant decrease in apoptosis. This is thought to be caused by mPer2 circadian deregulation of common tumor suppression and cell cycle regulation genes, such as Cyclin D1, Cyclin A, Mdm-2, and Gadd45α, as well as the transcription factor c-myc, which is directly controlled by circadian regulators through E box-mediated reactions. In addition, mPer2 knockout mice show increased sensitivity to gamma radiation and tumor development, further implicating mPer2 in cancer development through its regulation of DNA damage-responsive pathways. Thus, circadian control of clock controlled genes that function in cell growth control and DNA damage response may affect the development of cancer in vivo.
per has been shown to be necessary and sufficient for long-term memory (LTM) formation in Drosophila melanogaster. per mutants show deficiencies in LTM formation that can be rescued with the insertion of a per transgene and enhanced with overexpression of the per gene. This response is absent in mutations of other clock genes (timeless, dClock, and cycle). Research suggests that synaptic transmission through per-expressing cells is necessary for LTM retrieval.
per has also been shown to extend the lifespan of the fruit fly, suggesting a role in aging. This result, however, is still controversial, as the experiments have not been successfully repeated by another research group.
In mice it has been shown that there is a link between per2 and preferred alcohol intake. Alcohol consumption has also been linked to shortening the free running period. The effect of alcoholism on per1 and per2 genes have also linked to the depression associated with alcohol as well as an individual's disposition to relapse into alcoholism.
Mammalian homologs of per
In mammals, there are three known PER family genes: PER1, PER2, and PER3. The mammalian molecular clock has homologs to the proteins found in Drosophila. A homolog of CLOCK plays the same role in the human clock, and CYC is replaced by BMAL1. CRY has two human homologs, CRY1 and CRY2. A computational model for model has been developed by Jean-Christophe Leloup and Albert Goldbeter to simulate the feedback loop created by the interactions between these proteins and genes, including the per gene and PER protein.
The human homologs show sequence and amino acid similarity to Drosophila Per and also contain the PAS domain and nuclear localization sequences that the Drosophila Per have. The human proteins are expressed rhythmically in the suprachiasmatic nucleus as well as areas outside the SCN. Additionally, while Drosophila PER moves between the cytoplasm and the nucleus, mammalian PER is more compartmentalized: mPer1 primarily localizes to the nucleus and mPer2 to the cytoplasm.
Clinical significance
Familial advanced sleep-phase syndrome known to be associated with mutations in the mammalian Per2 gene. People suffering from the disorder have a shorter period and advanced phase where they go to sleep in the early evening (around 7pm) and wake up before sunrise (around 4am). In 2006, a lab in Germany identified particular phosphorylated residues of PER2 that are mutated in people suffering of FASPS. Chronotherapy is sometimes used as a treatment, as an attempt to alter the phase of the individual's clock using cycles of bright light.
See also
Clock gene
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
Timeless (gene)
Oscillating gene
PDF
Michael Rosbash
References
External links
PAS-domain-containing proteins
Drosophila melanogaster genes
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23934434
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996%20Amway%20Classic%20%E2%80%93%20Doubles
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1996 Amway Classic – Doubles
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Jill Hetherington and Elna Reinach were the defending champions but only Hetherington competed that year with Kristine Radford.
Hetherington and Radford lost in the final 6–1, 6–0 against Els Callens and Julie Halard-Decugis.
Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.
Irina Spîrlea / Linda Wild (first round)
Patricia Tarabini / Caroline Vis (first round)
Jill Hetherington / Kristine Radford (final)
Els Callens / Julie Halard-Decugis (champions)
Draw
External links
ITF tournament edition details
WTA Auckland Open
1996 WTA Tour
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67612036
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draco%20spilopterus
|
Draco spilopterus
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Draco spilopterus, the Philippine flying dragon, is a species of agamid lizard. It is found in the Philippines and Indonesia.
References
Draco (genus)
Reptiles of the Philippines
Reptiles of Indonesia
Reptiles described in 1834
Taxa named by Arend Friedrich August Wiegmann
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28200348
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burcu%20Bircan
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Burcu Bircan
|
Burcu Bircan (born June 14, 1988) is a Turkish volleyball player. She is 186 cm and plays as outside hitter. Burcu plays for Yeşil Bayamiçspor.
Career
Bircan played for Galatasaray Medical Park in the 2009/10 season. She then played in 2010 for Çanakkale Belediye For the 2014/15 she played for Salihli Belediyespor. and for Yeşil Bayamiçspor for the 2015/16 season.
See also
Turkish women in sports
References
1988 births
Living people
Turkish women's volleyball players
Galatasaray S.K. (women's volleyball) players
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21805784
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20C.%20Bramlette
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David C. Bramlette
|
David Clay Bramlette III (born November 27, 1939) is a Senior United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi.
Education and career
Born in Woodville, Mississippi, Bramlette received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Princeton University in 1962 and a Juris Doctor from the University of Mississippi Law School in 1965. He was in private practice in Natchez, Mississippi from 1965 to 1991. He was a Special Circuit Judge of the Sixth Judicial District of Mississippi, from 1977 to 1979, a special chancery court judge, and a judge of the Adams County Court.
Federal judicial service
On July 26, 1991, Bramlette was nominated by President George H. W. Bush to a new seat on the United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi created by 104 Stat. 5089. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on November 21, 1991, and received his commission on November 25, 1991. He assumed senior status on March 20, 2006.
References
Sources
1939 births
Living people
Judges of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi
Mississippi state court judges
People from Woodville, Mississippi
Princeton University alumni
United States district court judges appointed by George H. W. Bush
20th-century American judges
University of Mississippi School of Law alumni
21st-century American judges
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2496742
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory%20Orr%20%28filmmaker%29
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Gregory Orr (filmmaker)
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Gregory William Orr (born 6 August 1954 in Los Angeles) is an American writer and director of documentary and fiction films. He is the son of actress Joy Page and TV producer William T. Orr, and step-grandson of Jack L. Warner, one of the Warner Brothers.
Career
Orr attended Boston University and the California Institute of the Arts, where he studied under film director Alexander Mackendrick.
In 1993 Orr produced his first documentary, Jack L. Warner: The Last Mogul, a feature-length biography of his mother's stepfather, the movie pioneer Jack L. Warner.
Orr's other films include Parole: Prison Without Bars (2000), The Day They Died (2003), Alone (2004, short), and Recreator (2011). As Recreator, later entitled, Cloned: The Recreator Chronicles (2012), marked the filmmaker's debut in feature-length, psychological thrillers, the movie and Orr's creative journey were explored in issue number 62 of Indie Slate magazine, distributed throughout North America and in parts of Australia.
References
External links
American documentary filmmakers
Living people
Boston University alumni
California Institute of the Arts alumni
People from Anaheim, California
1954 births
Film directors from California
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7790073
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rear%20of%20the%20Russian%20Armed%20Forces
|
Rear of the Russian Armed Forces
|
The Rear of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (RAF-RF) (), often referred to in English as the rear services, is an organization of support services for the Russian Armed Forces.
The Rear of the Armed Forces includes an unusually diverse range of services, for example medical services, firefighters, logistical services, economic analysts, scientific units, and combat-ready formations for maintaining and protecting rear installations such as pipelines and railways. The Rear also has its own central staff organization.
The Rear of the Armed Forces is separate to each force's own rear services, e.g. the Rear of the Ground Forces, Rear of the Strategic Missile Forces, etc. In principle, these rear organizations are coordinated by the Rear of the Armed Forces.
History
The formation of Russian rear services is commonly ascribed to the year 1700, when Peter I signed an order On Management of the Grain Supplies of All Military People to okolnichy Yazykov with Elevating Him to Commissary General After That, thus forming the first supply service (Proviantskiy Prikaz). In 1711 all military supply services were incorporated in the army. However the word "rear" (тыл) as a separate term appeared only in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905. Shortly after the onset of Operation Barbarossa in 1941, the Russian rear services experienced severe difficulties, which were fixed after the order "On Organization of the Rear Services Management Office of the Red Army..." was enacted by the People's Commissar for Defence, Marshal of the Soviet Union Semyon Timoshenko. The Rear Services of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union were renamed as the Rear Services of the Armed Forces of Russia in 1991.
In 2010 it was transformed into the Logistical Support of the Russian Armed Forces.
Current Agencies
The rear services of the Armed Forces of Russia included:
Main Military Medical Department of the RF Defence Ministry
Main Department of Military Transportation of the RF Defence Ministry
Central Automobile Road Department of the RF Defence Ministry
Central Department of Rocket and Other Fuel of the RF Defence Ministry
Central Food Department of the RF Defence Ministry
Central Clothing Department of the RF Defence Ministry
Fire Rescue and Local Defence Service of the RF Armed Forces
Veterinary and Sanitary Service of the RF Armed Forces
Economic Security Department of the RF Armed Forces
Main Trade Department of the RF Defence Ministry
Main Department of Active Leisure of the RF Defence Ministry
Agricultural Department of the RF Defence Ministry
Military Science Committee of the RF Armed Forces Rear
Secretariat of the Chief of the RF Armed Forces Rear
Personnel Department of the RF Armed Forces Rear
Signal Troops of the RF Armed Forces Rear
Russian Railway Troops (since 5 October 2004)
Russian Automobile Troops
Russian Road Troops
Russian Pipeline Troops
Aside from these, all the branches of the Russian Armed Forces maintain their respective rear services, which report to the Rear Services HQ.
References
External links
Defence Ministry. The Rear Services of the Armed Forces
Military of Russia
Civil defense
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4794503
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric%20connection
|
Metric connection
|
In mathematics, a metric connection is a connection in a vector bundle E equipped with a bundle metric; that is, a metric for which the inner product of any two vectors will remain the same when those vectors are parallel transported along any curve. This is equivalent to:
A connection for which the covariant derivatives of the metric on E vanish.
A principal connection on the bundle of orthonormal frames of E.
A special case of a metric connection is a Riemannian connection; there is a unique such which is torsion free, the Levi-Civita connection. In this case, the bundle E is the tangent bundle TM of a manifold, and the metric on E is induced by a Riemannian metric on M.
Another special case of a metric connection is a Yang–Mills connection, which satisfies the Yang–Mills equations of motion. Most of the machinery of defining a connection and its curvature can go through without requiring any compatibility with the bundle metric. However, once one does require compatibility, this metric connection defines an inner product, Hodge star, Hodge dual, and Laplacian, which are required to formulate the Yang–Mills equations.
Definition
Let be any local sections of the vector bundle E, and let X be a vector field on the base space M of the bundle. Let define a bundle metric, that is, a metric on the vector fibers of E. Then, a connection D on E is a metric connection if:
Here d is the ordinary differential of a scalar function. The covariant derivative can be extended so that it acts as a map on E-valued differential forms on the base space:
One defines for a function , and
where is a local smooth section for the vector bundle and is a (scalar-valued) p-form. The above definitions also apply to local smooth frames as well as local sections.
Metric versus dual pairing
The bundle metric imposed on E should not be confused with the natural pairing of a vector space and its dual, which is intrinsic to any vector bundle. The latter is a function on the bundle of endomorphisms so that
pairs vectors with dual vectors (functionals) above each point of M. That is, if is any local coordinate frame on E, then one naturally obtains a dual coordinate frame on E* satisfying .
By contrast, the bundle metric is a function on
giving an inner product on each vector space fiber of E. The bundle metric allows one to define an orthonormal coordinate frame by the equation
Given a vector bundle, it is always possible to define a bundle metric on it.
Following standard practice, one can define a connection form, the Christoffel symbols and the Riemann curvature without reference to the bundle metric, using only the pairing They will obey the usual symmetry properties; for example, the curvature tensor will be anti-symmetric in the last two indices and will satisfy the second Bianchi identity. However, to define the Hodge star, the Laplacian, the first Bianchi identity, and the Yang–Mills functional, one needs the bundle metric.
Connection form
Given a local bundle chart, the covariant derivative can be written in the form
where A is the connection one-form.
A bit of notational machinery is in order. Let denote the space of differentiable sections on E, let denote the space of p-forms on M, and let be the endomorphisms on E. The covariant derivative, as defined here, is a map
One may express the connection form in terms of the connection coefficients as
The point of the notation is to distinguish the indices j, k, which run over the n dimensions of the fiber, from the index i, which runs over the m-dimensional base space. For the case of a Riemann connection below, the vector space E is taken to be the tangent bundle TM, and .
The notation of A for the connection form comes from physics, in historical reference to the vector potential field of electromagnetism and gauge theory. In mathematics, the notation is often used in place of A, as in the article on the connection form; unfortunately, the use of for the connection form collides with the use of to denote a generic alternating form on the vector bundle.
Skew symmetry
The connection is skew-symmetric in the vector-space (fiber) indices; that is, for a given vector field , the matrix is skew-symmetric; equivalently, it is an element of the Lie algebra .
This can be seen as follows. Let the fiber be n-dimensional, so that the bundle E can be given an orthonormal local frame with . One then has, by definition, that , so that:
In addition, for each point of the bundle chart, the local frame is orthonormal:
It follows that, for every vector , that
That is, is skew-symmetric.
This is arrived at by explicitly using the bundle metric; without making use of this, and using only the pairing , one can only relate the connection form A on E to its dual A on E, as This follows from the definition of the dual connection as
Curvature
There are several notations in use for the curvature of a connection, including a modern one using F to denote the field strength tensor, a classical one using R as the curvature tensor, and the classical notation for the Riemann curvature tensor, most of which can be extended naturally to the case of vector bundles. None of these definitions require either a metric tensor, or a bundle metric, and can be defined quite concretely without reference to these. The definitions do, however, require a clear idea of the endomorphisms of E, as described above.
Compact style
The most compact definition of the curvature F is to define it as the 2-form taking values in , given by the amount by which the connection fails to be exact; that is, as
which is an element of
or equivalently,
To relate this to other common definitions and notations, let be a section on E. Inserting into the above and expanding, one finds
or equivalently, dropping the section
as a terse definition.
Component style
In terms of components, let where is the standard one-form coordinate bases on the cotangent bundle T*M. Inserting into the above, and expanding, one obtains (using the summation convention):
Keep in mind that for an n-dimensional vector space, each is an n×n matrix, the indices of which have been suppressed, whereas the indices i and j run over 1,...,m, with m being the dimension of the underlying manifold. Both of these indices can be made simultaneously manifest, as shown in the next section.
The notation presented here is that which is commonly used in physics; for example, it can be immediately recognizable as the gluon field strength tensor. For the abelian case, n=1, and the vector bundle is one-dimensional; the commutator vanishes, and the above can then be recognized as the electromagnetic tensor in more or less standard physics notation.
Relativity style
All of the indices can be made explicit by providing a smooth frame , on . A given section then may be written as
In this local frame, the connection form becomes
with being the Christoffel symbol; again, the index i runs over (the dimension of the underlying manifold M) while j and k run over , the dimension of the fiber. Inserting and turning the crank, one obtains
where now identifiable as the Riemann curvature tensor. This is written in the style commonly employed in many textbooks on general relativity from the middle-20th century (with several notable exceptions, such as MTW, that pushed early on for an index-free notation). Again, the indices i and j run over the dimensions of the manifold M, while r and k run over the dimension of the fibers.
Tangent-bundle style
The above can be back-ported to the vector-field style, by writing as the standard basis elements for the tangent bundle TM. One then defines the curvature tensor as
so that the spatial directions are re-absorbed, resulting in the notation
Alternately, the spatial directions can be made manifest, while hiding the indices, by writing the expressions in terms of vector fields X and Y on TM. In the standard basis, X is
and likewise for Y. After a bit of plug and chug, one obtains
where
is the Lie derivative of the vector field Y with respect to X.
To recap, the curvature tensor maps fibers to fibers:
so that
To be very clear, are alternative notations for the same thing. Observe that none of the above manipulations ever actually required the bundle metric to go through. One can also demonstrate the second Bianchi identity
without having to make any use of the bundle metric.
Yang–Mills connection
The above development of the curvature tensor did not make any appeals to the bundle metric. That is, they did not need to assume that D or A were metric connections: simply having a connection on a vector bundle is sufficient to obtain the above forms. All of the different notational variants follow directly only from consideration of the endomorphisms of the fibers of the bundle.
The bundle metric is required to define the Hodge star and the Hodge dual; that is needed, in turn, to define the Laplacian, and to demonstrate that
Any connection that satisfies this identity is referred to as a Yang–Mills connection. It can be shown that this connection is a critical point of the Euler–Lagrange equations applied to the Yang–Mills action
where is the volume element, the Hodge dual of the constant 1. Note that three different inner products are required to construct this action: the metric connection on E, an inner product on End(E), equivalent to the quadratic Casimir operator (the trace of a pair of matricies), and the Hodge dual.
Riemannian connection
An important special case of a metric connection is a Riemannian connection. This is a connection on the tangent bundle of a pseudo-Riemannian manifold (M, g) such that for all vector fields X on M. Equivalently, is Riemannian if the parallel transport it defines preserves the metric g.
A given connection is Riemannian if and only if
for all vector fields X, Y and Z on M, where denotes the derivative of the function along this vector field .
The Levi-Civita connection is the torsion-free Riemannian connection on a manifold. It is unique by the fundamental theorem of Riemannian geometry. For every Riemannian connection, one may write a (unique) corresponding Levi-Civita connection. The difference between the two is given by the contorsion tensor.
In component notation, the covariant derivative is compatible with the metric tensor if
Although other covariant derivatives may be defined, usually one only considers the metric-compatible one. This is because given two covariant derivatives, and , there exists a tensor for transforming from one to the other:
If the space is also torsion-free, then the tensor is symmetric in its first two indices.
A word about notation
It is conventional to change notation and use the nabla symbol ∇ in place of D in this setting; in other respects, these two are the same thing. That is, ∇ = D from the previous sections above.
Likewise, the inner product on E is replaced by the metric tensor g on TM. This is consistent with historic usage, but also avoids confusion: for the general case of a vector bundle E, the underlying manifold M is not assumed to be endowed with a metric. The special case of manifolds with both a metric g on TM in addition to a bundle metric on E leads to Kaluza–Klein theory.
See also
Vertical and horizontal bundles
References
Connection (mathematics)
Riemannian geometry
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1590s%20in%20England
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1590s in England
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Events from the 1590s in England.
Incumbents
Monarch – Elizabeth I
Parliament – 8th of Queen Elizabeth I (starting 18 February, until 10 April 1593), 9th of Queen Elizabeth I (starting 24 October 1597, until 9 February 1598)
Events
1590
Publication of Edmund Spenser's poetry The Faerie Queene and his satire Mother Hubbard's Tale.
Publication of Thomas Lodge's prose tale Rosalynde: Euphues Golden Legacie.
1591
10 April – merchant James Lancaster sets off on a voyage to the East Indies.
22 July – the Durtnell (Dartnell) family of Brasted, Kent, begin to work as building contractors. The business continues under thirteen generations of the family until ceasing to trade in 2019.
30 August–1 September – Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604): Battle of Flores off Flores Island (Azores) – the fleet of Spain is victorious over the English; English ship Revenge is captured on 1 September (and Richard Grenville fatally wounded) but soon afterwards is among many ships lost with all hands in a week-long Atlantic hurricane.
11 September – completion of My Ladye Nevells Booke, a manuscript anthology of keyboard music by William Byrd.
3 November – rebel Irish lord Brian O'Rourke is hanged at Tyburn having been extradited from Scotland and tried in London for treasons committed in Ireland.
John Harington translates Ludovico Ariosto's Orlando furioso into English.
Probable first production of William Shakespeare's play Henry VI, Part 1 and writing of Henry VI, Part 2 and Part 3; approximate date of writing of Richard III.
Posthumous publication of Sir Philip Sidney's poetry Astrophel and Stella.
Nicholas Bacon completes the building of his red brick mansion, Culford Hall, in Suffolk, planting an oak in Culford Park which, as 'King of the Park', will still be flowering in the 21st century.
1592
May/June – Case of the Swans, a landmark decision in English property law, is decided in the Exchequer of Pleas: wild animals cannot be given by transfer or taken by prescription.
August – 1592–93 London plague outbreak first observed: over 19,000 deaths in London and its surrounding parishes up to December 1593. Theatres in London are consequently closed for much of the period.
7 September – the great Portuguese carrack the Madre de Deus, captured on 3 August at the fierce Battle of Flores (1592) in the Azores, enters Dartmouth harbour and is subjected to mass theft.
26 September – a 'strange fish', probably an ocean sunfish, is washed ashore at Dripole near Kingston upon Hull.
3 November – Sir John Perrot, former Lord Deputy of Ireland, dies in the Tower of London awaiting sentence for a conviction for high treason.
Henry Constable's Diana, one of the first sonnet sequences in English, is published in London.
approximate date – first performance of Shakespeare's play Richard III.
1593
January – John Norden commissioned to make maps of all the counties of England.
23 February – Peter Wentworth imprisoned for raising the issue of succession to the throne in Parliament.
6 April – Witches of Warboys: Alice, John and Agnes Samuel found guilty of witchcraft and hanged.
18 April – Anglo-Spanish War: Naval Battle of Blaye in the Gironde estuary sees a Spanish victory over the blockading English fleet, allowing the Spanish to relieve the French Catholic garrison of Blaye.
After April – William Shakespeare's poem Venus and Adonis probably becomes his first published work, printed in London from his own manuscript. In his lifetime it will be his most frequently reprinted work: at least nine times.
5 May – "Dutch church libel": bills posted in London threatening Protestant refugees from France and the Netherlands allude to Christopher Marlowe's plays.
12 May – arrest of dramatist Thomas Kyd in connection with the "Dutch church libel". "Atheist" literature found in his home is claimed to be Marlowe's.
18 May – a warrant for the arrest of Christopher Marlowe is issued. On 20 May he presents himself to the Privy Council.
29 May – execution of the Welsh Protestant John Penry suspected of involvement with the Marprelate Controversy.
30 May – Marlowe is stabbed to death in a dispute over the bill at a lodging house in Deptford.
12 June – Sir Richard Hawkins sails from Plymouth to the South American Pacific with the aim of emulating the circumnavigation voyage of his cousin Drake. His squadron consists of the galleon Dainty (flagship), the storeship Hawk and the pinnace Fancy.
Irish pirate queen Grace O'Malley meets with Queen Elizabeth at Greenwich.
Sir Thomas Tresham designs and begins construction of Rushton Triangular Lodge in Northamptonshire, symbolic of his Catholic recusancy.
1594
May – Nine Years' War: in Ireland, Hugh O'Neill, 2nd Earl of Tyrone and Hugh Roe O'Donnell form an alliance to try to overthrow English domination.
7 June – Roderigo Lopez executed for allegedly trying to poison Queen Elizabeth.
1 or 2 July – Anglo-Spanish War: Hawkins is defeated in the South American Pacific by the Spanish Beltrán de Castro in the action of Atacames Bay, being captured along with his flagship.
Christmas – students of Gray's Inn perform The Maske of Proteus and the Adamantine Rock before the Queen. Written by Francis Davison with music by Thomas Campion, it is probably the first staged masque in England.
First known performances and publication of Shakespeare's Titus Andronicus in London.
Publication of Shakespeare's narrative poem The Rape of Lucrece.
Posthumous publication of Marlowe's play Edward II.
Thomas Nashe's picaresque novel The Unfortunate Traveller published.
Richard Hooker's Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie commences publication.
Bevis Bulmer sets up a system at Blackfriars to pump water to London.
1595
21 February – Catholic martyr Robert Southwell hanged, drawn and quartered at Tyburn, London. His Saint Peters Complaint, with Other Poemes is published in three editions posthumously.
23 July – Spanish raid burns Penzance and Mousehole in Cornwall.
Probable first performance of William Shakespeare's plays Richard II, A Midsummer Night's Dream and Romeo and Juliet.
Thomas Morley's part song "Now Is the Month of Maying" is first published.
1596
February – James Burbage buys the disused Blackfriars Theatre in London, but is prevented from reusing it as a public theatre by a November petition by wealthy influential neighbors.
14 February
Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge is founded under the supervision of Archbishop John Whitgift.
John Whitgift begins building his hospital at Croydon.
June – Sir John Norreys and Sir Geoffrey Fenton travel to Connaught to parley with the local Irish lords.
21 November – Bartholomew Steer attempts to launch a rebellion on Enslow Hill in Oxfordshire.
First production of Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice.
Richard Johnson's The Famous Historie of the Seaven Champions of Christendom first published.
William Slingsby discovers that water from the Tewitt Well mineral spring at Harrogate in North Yorkshire possesses similar properties to that from Spa, Belgium.
John Harington describes the "Ajax", a precursor to the modern flush toilet, in The Metamorphosis of Ajax.
1597
October/November – The 3rd Spanish Armada almost makes landfall after being dispersed by a storm – a number of Spanish ships are captured off the coasts of Wales, Cornwall and Devon.
Parliament passes the Vagabonds Act introducing penal transportation of convicted criminals to England's colonies.
Gresham College founded in the City of London.
Aldenham School founded in Hertfordshire by brewer Richard Platt.
Completion of Hardwick Hall in Derbyshire, designed by Robert Smythson for Bess of Hardwick.
Approximate date of the first performance of the Shakespeare plays Henry IV, Part 1, Henry IV, Part 2 and King John.
Thomas Nashe and Ben Jonson's satirical comedy The Isle of Dogs performed in July or August before being suppressed by the Privy Council for its "slanderous matter".
Francis Bacon's first Essays published.
Thomas Deloney's Jack of Newbury published.
John Gerard's The Herball, or generall historie of plantes published.
John Dowland's The Firste Booke of Songes or Ayres published.
1598
23 February – Thomas Bodley refounds the Bodleian Library at the University of Oxford.
March – Poor Relief Act establishes early workhouses.
c. July/September – first performance of Ben Jonson's play Every Man in His Humour, at the Curtain Theatre, Shoreditch.
14 August – Nine Years' War: Battle of the Yellow Ford: Irish rebels under Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, rout an English expeditionary force under Henry Bagenal (who is mortally wounded in the action).
22 September – Ben Jonson kills actor Gabriel Spenser in a duel at Hoxton in London and is briefly held in Newgate Prison but escapes capital punishment by pleading benefit of clergy.
c. September – publication of Francis Meres' Palladis Tamia, Wits Treasury, including the first critical discussion of Shakespeare's works.
28 December – in London, The Theatre is dismantled.
Montacute House, Somerset, built, a notable early example of an unfortified country residence built completely from new.
Publication of the poem Hero and Leander unfinished by Marlowe and completed by George Chapman.
Chapman translates Homer's Iliad into English.
Publication of John Florio's Italian/English dictionary A World of Words.
Publication of John Stow's A Survey of London.
1599
1 January – Darcy v. Allein (The Case of Monopolies): The Court of King's Bench decides it is improper for any individual to be allowed a state monopoly over a trade.
12 March – Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex is appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland by Queen Elizabeth I.
Spring/Summer – Globe Theatre built in Southwark utilising material from The Theatre.
23 April – Essex in Ireland: Essex arrives in Dublin.
29 May – Nine Years' War: Essex captures Cahir Castle in Munster.
4 June – Bishops' Ban of 1599: Thomas Middleton's Microcynicon: Six Snarling Satires and John Marston's Scourge of Villainy are publicly burned as the ecclesiastical authorities clamp down on published satire.
15 August – Nine Years' War: Irish rebel victory at the Battle of Curlew Pass.
8 September – Essex in Ireland: Essex signs a truce with Hugh O'Neill. He leaves Ireland against the instructions of Queen Elizabeth.
28 September – Essex returns to England and is arrested.
Late – War of the Theatres: Satire, being prohibited in print, breaks out in the London theatres. In Histriomastix, Marston satirizes Jonson's pride through the character Chrisoganus; Jonson responds by satirizing Marstons's wordy style in Every Man Out of His Humour, acted by the Lord Chamberlain's Men.
Approximate date of the first performances of the Shakespeare plays As You Like It, Much Ado About Nothing, Henry V and Julius Caesar.
The publisher William Jaggard issues The Passionate Pilgrime, poems attributed to "W. Shakespeare".
Henry Buttes publishes his cookbook Dyets Dry Dinner.
Births
1590
30 January – Lady Anne Clifford, noblewoman (died 1676)
c. 19 March – William Bradford, governor of Plymouth Colony (died 1657)
May – William Cecil, 17th Baron de Ros (died 1618)
31 May – Frances Carr, Countess of Somerset, née Howard (died 1632)
19 August – Henry Rich, 1st Earl of Holland, soldier (died 1649)
William Browne, poet (died 1645)
1591
11 January – Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex, English Civil War general (died 1646)
July – Anne Hutchinson, puritan preacher (died 1643)
24 August – Robert Herrick, poet (died 1674)
Thomas Goffe, dramatist (died 1629)
William Lenthall, politician of the Civil War period (died 1662)
1592
20 February – Nicholas Ferrar, trader (died 1637)
11 April – Sir John Eliot, statesman (died 1632)
May – Francis Quarles, poet (died 1644)
28 August – George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, statesman (died 1628)
1 September – John Hacket, churchman (died 1670)
5 November – Charles Chauncy, English-born president of Harvard College (died 1672)
6 December – William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle (died 1676)
22 December (bapt.) – Humphrey Henchman, Bishop of London (died 1675)
John Jenkins, composer (died 1678)
Henry King, poet (died 1669)
1593
3 April – George Herbert, poet and orator (died 1633)
4 April – Edward Nicholas, statesman (died 1669)
13 April – Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford, statesman (died 1641)
8 July – Peter Sainthill, English politician (died 1648)
9 August – Izaak Walton, writer (died 1683)
Francis Russell, 4th Earl of Bedford (died 1641)
Mervyn Tuchet, 2nd Earl of Castlehaven (died 1631)
1594
29 April – Samuel Fairclough, nonconformist minister (died 1677)
11 June – Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Ardglass, nobleman (died 1653)
23 June – Thomas Tyrrell, judge and politician (died 1672)
30 November – John Cosin, churchman (died 1672)
21 December – Robert Sutton, 1st Baron Lexinton, politician (died 1668)
John Bramhall, Anglican clergyman and controversialist (died 1663)
Peter Oliver, miniaturist (died 1648)
1595
March – Ralph Hopton, 1st Baron Hopton, Royalist commander in the English Civil War (died 1652)
23 March – Bevil Grenville, royalist soldier (died 1643)
5 December – Henry Lawes, musician (died 1662)
Thomas Carew, poet (died 1640)
Miles Corbet, Puritan politician (died 1662)
Henry Herbert, Master of the Revels (died 1673)
Thomas May, poet and historian (died 1650)
Isaac Stearns, settler in North America (died 1671)
1596
September – James Shirley, dramatist (died 1666)
12 December – Sir Edward Osborne, 1st Baronet, politician (died 1647)
Approximate date – Peter Mundy, traveller (died 1667)
1597
27 March – William Hyde, Catholic convert, President of English College, Douai (died 1651)
9 April – John Davenport, Puritan clergyman, co-founder of the American colony of New Haven (died 1670)
15 May – Squire Bence, politician (died 1648)
21 August – Roger Twysden, antiquarian and royalist (died 1672)
29 August – Henry Gage, royalist officer in the Civil War (killed in action 1645)
7 October – Captain John Underhill, soldier and colonist (died 1672)
29 October – Matthew Hutton, politician (died 1666)
Henry Gellibrand, mathematician (died 1637)
Rachel Speght, polemicist and poet
Approximate date – Thomas Gage, missionary (died 1656)
1598
25 March – Robert Trelawney, politician (died 1643)
26 March – Sir William Lewis, 1st Baronet, politician (died 1677)
28 April – Francis Leigh, 1st Earl of Chichester, politician (died 1653)
19 June – Gilbert Sheldon, Archbishop of Canterbury (died 1677)
27 September – Robert Blake, admiral (died 1657)
Mary Bankes, Royalist in the English Civil War, defender of Corfe Castle (died 1661)
Elizabeth Bourchier, later Elizabeth Cromwell, Lady Protectress (died 1665)
Marmaduke Langdale, Royalist in the English Civil War (died 1661)
William Strode, parliamentarian (died 1645)
1599
22 January – Robert Petre, 3rd Baron Petre (died 1638)
12 February – Thomas Whitmore, politician (died 1677)
1 March – John Mennes, admiral (died 1671)
9 April – Sir Thomas Mauleverer, 1st Baronet (died 1655)
25 April – Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland (died 1658)
14 August – Méric Casaubon, classicist (died 1671)
10 October – Samuel Clarke, Puritan minister and biographer (died 1683)
29 November – Peter Heylin, ecclesiastic and polemicist (died 1662)
2 December – Alexander Daniell, proprietor of the Manor of Alverton, Cornwall (died 1668)
14 December – Charles Berkeley, 2nd Viscount Fitzhardinge, politician (died 1668)
December – Charlotte Stanley, Countess of Derby, defender of Latham House (died 1664)
John Alden, settler of Plymouth Colony (died 1687)
Lucy Hay, Countess of Carlisle, socialite (died 1660)
George Radcliffe, politician (died 1657)
Deaths
1590
1 February – Lawrence Humphrey, president of Magdalen College, Oxford (born 1527)
12 February – Blanche Parry, personal attendant to Elizabeth I (born c. 1508)
6 April – Francis Walsingham, principal secretary to Elizabeth I and spymaster (born 1530)
18 November – George Talbot, 6th Earl of Shrewsbury, statesman (born 1528)
John Stubbs, pamphleteer (born 1543)
1591
1 May – Elizabeth Cecil, 16th Baroness de Ros, noblewoman (born c. 1574)
10 September – Richard Grenville, soldier and explorer (born 1542)
20 November – Christopher Hatton, politician (born 1540)
1592
February – Thomas Cavendish, sailor and explorer (born 1555)
3 September – Robert Greene, writer (born 1558)
19 October – Anthony Browne, 1st Viscount Montagu, politician (born 1528)
1593
6 April
Henry Barrowe, Puritan and separatist (hanged) (born c. 1550)
John Greenwood, Puritan and separatist (hanged) (born c. 1560)
24 April – William Harrison, clergyman (born 1534)
30 May – Christopher Marlowe, poet and playwright (born 1564)
25 September – Henry Stanley, 4th Earl of Derby, Lord High Steward (born 1531)
1594
7 February – Barnabe Googe, poet (born 1540)
16 April – Ferdinando Stanley, 5th Earl of Derby, second in line to the throne (born 1531) (poisoned)
29 April – Thomas Cooper, Bishop of Winchester, lexicographer and controversialist (born c. 1517)
2 May – Edward Atslowe, physician
3 June – John Aylmer, Bishop of London, constitutionalist and translator (born 1521)
7 June – Roderigo Lopez, royal physician, executed (born c. 1517 in Portugal)
16 July – Thomas Kyd, author of The Spanish Tragedy (born 1558)
16 October – William Allen, cardinal (born 1532)
22 November – Martin Frobisher, explorer (born 1535)
John Johnson, lutenist and composer (born c. 1545)
1595
February – William Painter, translator (born 1540)
21 February – Robert Southwell, Jesuit priest, poet and martyr (born 1561)
24 August – Thomas Digges, astronomer (born 1546)
19 October – Philip Howard, 20th Earl of Arundel, nobleman (born 1537)
12 November – John Hawkins, shipbuilder and trader (born 1532)
14 December – Henry Hastings, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon (born 1535)
Thomas Whythorne, composer and autobiographical writer (born 1528)
1596
27 January – Sir Francis Drake, explorer and soldier (born 1540)
23 March – Henry Unton, diplomat (born 1557)
23 July – Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon (born 1526)
9 November (bur.) – George Peele, dramatist and poet (born 1556)
10 November – Peter Wentworth, Puritan politician (born 1530)
29 November
George Errington, Catholic martyr (year of birth unknown)
William Gibson, Catholic martyr (year of birth unknown)
William Knight, Catholic martyr (born 1572)
Henry Willobie, poet (born 1575)
1597
2 February – James Burbage, actor (born 1531)
6 March – William Brooke, 10th Baron Cobham, politician (born 1527)
6 June – William Hunnis, poet (year of birth unknown)
4 July – Henry Abbot, Catholic martyr (year of birth unknown)
25 November – Edward Kelley, spirit medium (born 1555)
1598
9 January – Jasper Heywood, Jesuit priest, classicist and translator (born 1553)
June – Emery Molyneux, maker of globes and scientific instruments (year of birth unknown)
4 August – William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, statesman (born 1520)
22 September – Gabriel Spenser, actor (year of birth unknown)
1599
13 January – Edmund Spenser, poet (born 1552)
14 April – Henry Wallop, statesman (born c. 1540)
June – Henry Porter, dramatist, murdered
9 October – Reginald Scot, writer on witchcraft and politician (born c. 1538)
29 November – Christopher Barker, royal printer (born c. 1529)
References
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41613192
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Harding%20%28music%20writer%29
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James Harding (music writer)
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James Harding (30 May 1929 – 21 June 2007) was a British writer on music and theatre with a particular interest in 19th- and early 20th-century French subjects and popular British music.
Biography
James Harding was born in Bath, England, but the family moved to Trowbridge. He went on to study French at Bristol University, also spending time at the Sorbonne in Paris, France. He undertook national service in the RAF, but through an accidental hand grenade detonation lost hearing in his left ear.
After the war, he worked as a copywriter with Clarks in Somerset, then moved to advertising agencies in London. He wrote a column for the News of the World with the pseudonym "Jane Dunbar". He married and had a son and a daughter.
In 1969 Harding changed his career and became a Lecturer in French at Woolwich Polytechnic, where he taught for 25 years. He obtained a doctorate from Birkbeck College in 1973 with his thesis on the French diarist Paul Léautaud, and published in 1975 wrote a book, Lost Illusions: Paul Léautaud and his World.
Initially as a holiday activity he began writing, with his first book in 1965 on Saint-Saëns and His Circle following this in 1968 with Sacha Guitry, The Last Boulevardier and studies of Massenet, Rossini, Gounod, Satie, Offenbach, Maurice Chevalier and Jacques Tati, and provided notes for French music records. British subjects treated by him included Ivor Novello and George Robey.
Late in life Harding became interested in Malaysia, which he visited several times; he taught himself Malay in order to compile a book on the singer and film actor P. Ramlee. He was also a radio broadcaster. Journals for which he wrote included The Listener, Music and Musicians, Records and Recordings and Connaissances des Hommes; and he also had articles in the American Encyclopedia of Music and Musicians and the Dictionnaire de la Musique.
Selected publications
James Harding, Saint-Saëns and his circle (1965)
James Harding, Sacha Guitry: the last boulevardier (1967)
James Harding, The astonishing adventure of General Boulanger (1971)
James Harding, The Ox on the Roof; scenes from the musical life in Paris in the twenties (1972)
James Harding, Gounod (1973)
James Harding, Erik Satie (1975)
James Harding, Folies de Paris: the rise and fall of French operetta (1979)
James Harding, Jacques Offenbach : a biography (1980)
James Harding, Ivor Novello (1987)
James Harding, Gerald du Maurier : the last actor-manager (1989)
James Harding, George Robey and the Music Hall (Hodder & Stoughton Ltd, 1990)
References
External links
Official website accessed 11 January 2014.
1929 births
2007 deaths
English musicologists
English music critics
Alumni of the University of Bristol
Alumni of Birkbeck, University of London
People from Trowbridge
English male non-fiction writers
20th-century English male writers
20th-century musicologists
Writers about music
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35551439
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thessaloniki%E2%80%93Bitola%20railway
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Thessaloniki–Bitola railway
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The railway from Thessaloniki to Bitola is a long railway line, that connects the port city Thessaloniki in Greece with Bitola in the Republic of North Macedonia, via Veroia, Edessa, Amyntaio and Florina. The line was opened in 1894 under the name "Société du Chemin de Fer ottoman Salonique-Monastir", when the area was part of the Ottoman Empire. The section between the international border and Bitola is not used anymore, and passenger services are restricted to the section between Thessaloniki and Florina. The easternmost section of the line, Platy–Thessaloniki, is part of the important connection towards Athens and Northern Greece.
History
The idea of a trans-Macedonian railway had existed since the 1850s when in January 1859 a Memorandum regarding the construction of the Salonica–Monastir (today's Bitola) line was signed. It however wasn't until 28 October 1890 that the Ottoman Sublime Porte gave Deutsche Bank a concession to build the railway as a branch line of the Oriental Railways and to possibly further extend it to an Albanian port.
"Société du Chemin de Fer ottoman Salonique-Monastir" was setup as an Ottoman company and its headquarters were in Constantinople. The construction works started in May 1891 and were completed in June 1894. Upon completion, the line operations were given to the Chemins de fer Orientaux which were already operation the Salonique to Mitrovica and Vranje railways. Weather Baron Maurice de Hirsch took an active role in this railway is debatable considering he retired from Balkan railway building shortly before this project began.
While at that time the practice of compulsory work was still in use, labor was cheap in rural Macedonia and the engineers were reported to be enthusiastically welcomed.
After the end of Balkan Wars in 1913, the line ended fully in Greek territory, except for the last 17 km to Monastir that ended up in Yugoslavia. The Greek government purchased the Greek part Salonica Monastir railway in 17 October 1925 and the railway became part of the Hellenic State Railways.
Locomotives
Locomotives of the Salonic Monastir Railway
Course
The eastern terminus of the Thessaloniki–Bitola railway is the New Railway Station, Thessaloniki. Leaving the Athens–Thessaloniki mainline at Platy, it runs alongside the Aliakmon River, through Alexandreia and then passes through to Veroia, Naousa, and Skydra, before climbing to Edessa and then, along the northern shore of Lake Vegoritida, reaching Amyntaio. At Amyntaio the Kozani–Amyntaio railway branches off towards Kozani, serving Ptolemaida and the power stations of the national power company ΔΕΗ. The main line continues towards the city of Florina. At Neos Kafkasos, the international border is crossed, and after 219 km the city of Bitola in the Republic of North Macedonia is reached. This short international connection is now disused, with all international traffic being routed via Idomeni and Gevgelija.
Main stations
The main stations on the Thessaloniki–Bitola railway are:
New Railway Station, Thessaloniki
Platy railway station
Veroia railway station
Edessa railway station
Amyntaio railway station
Florina railway station
Bitola railway station
Services
The Thessaloniki–Bitola railway is used by the following passenger services:
Intercity, Express and Regular services Athens–Thessaloniki and Thessaloniki–Kalampaka
Local services Thessaloniki–Florina and Thessaloniki–Larissa
Gallary
See also
Chemins de fer Orientaux
References
Further reading
Railway lines in Greece
Railway lines in North Macedonia
Rail transport in North Macedonia
Standard gauge railways in Greece
Ottoman railways
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38913117
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divina%20Provid%C3%AAncia
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Divina Providência
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Divina Providência ("divine providence") is a bairro in the District of Sede in the municipality of Santa Maria, in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. It is located in north Santa Maria.
Villages
The bairro contains the following villages: Divina Providência, Vila Brenner, Vila Km 2, Vila São João Batista.
References
Bairros of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul
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59834949
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Schunk
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Robert Schunk
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Robert Schunk (born 5 January 1948) is a German operatic tenor who appeared in leading roles such as Florestan in Fidelio, Siegmund in Wagner's Die Walküre and the Emperor in Die Frau ohne Schatten by Richard Strauss, at international opera houses and festivals.
Life and career
Born in Neu-Isenburg, Schunk studied at the Musikhochschule Frankfurt with Martin Gründler from 1966 to 1973. From 1973 to 1975 he was a member of the ensemble of the Badisches Staatstheater Karlsruhe, where he made his debut as Jack in Tippett's The Midsummer Marriage.
From 1975 he was engaged at the Theater Bonn. He moved on to the ensemble of the Opernhaus Dortmund in 1977. In 1977, Schunk made his debut at the Bayreuth Festival, first in smaller roles, such as Walther von der Vogelweide in Tannhäuser, Melot and the young sailor in Tristan und Isolde, a Grail Knight in Parsifal and Erik in Der fliegende Holländer. He successfully stepped in for Peter Hofmann as Siegmund in Die Walküre.
From 1979 onwards, he worked as a freelance singer, performing internationally. He appeared at both the Hamburg State Opera and the Vienna State Opera in 1981 as the Emperor in Die Frau ohne Schatten by Richard Strauss. In 1983, he appeared as Max in Weber's Der Freischütz at the Bregenz Festival. The same year, he made his U.S. debut as Erik at the Lyric Opera of Chicago. In 1984 he took part in the Hamburg State Opera's tour of Japan. In 1986 he appeared as Florestan in Beethoven's Fidelio at the Metropolitan Opera, opposite Hildegard Behrens in the title role, returning in 1989 as Siegmund and in 1990 as the Emperor, a role which he had also performed for his 1987 debut at the Royal Opera House. In 1996, he appeared as Loge in Wagner's Das Rheingold at the Opéra de Marseille. In addition to his opera activities, Schunk has also performed successfully in concerts. He recorded the tenor solo in Beethoven's Ninth Symphony in 1986, conducted by Georg Solti with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra & Chorus, alongside Jessye Norman, Reinhild Runkel and Hans Sotin.
From 2001 until his retirement in 2013, Schunk was professor of voice at Aachen location of the Musikhochschule Köln.
References
External links
Robert Schunk on the
1948 births
Living people
People from Neu-Isenburg
German operatic tenors
Heldentenors
Voice teachers
20th-century German male opera singers
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1816154
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Iranians
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Indo-Iranians
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Indo-Iranian peoples, also known as Indo-Iranic peoples by scholars, and sometimes as Arya or Aryans from their self-designation, were a group of Indo-European peoples who brought the Indo-Iranian languages, a major branch of the Indo-European language family, to major parts of Eurasia in the second part of the 3rd millennium BC. They eventually branched out into Iranian peoples and Indo-Aryan peoples.
Nomenclature
The term Aryan has been used historically to denote the Indo-Iranians, because Arya is the self-designation of the ancient speakers of the Indo-Iranian languages, specifically the Iranian and the Indo-Aryan peoples, collectively known as the Indo-Iranians. Some scholars now use the term Indo-Iranian to refer to this group, while the term "Aryan" is used to mean "Indo-Iranian" by other scholars such as Josef Wiesehofer, Will Durant, and Jaakko Häkkinen. Population geneticist Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza, in his 1994 book The History and Geography of Human Genes, also uses the term Aryan to describe the Indo-Iranians.
History
Origin
The early Indo-Iranians are commonly identified with the descendants of the Proto-Indo-Europeans known as the Sintashta culture and the subsequent Andronovo culture within the broader Andronovo horizon, and their homeland with an area of the Eurasian steppe that borders the Ural River on the west, the Tian Shan on the east (where the Indo-Iranians took over the area occupied by the earlier Afanasevo culture), and Transoxiana and the Hindu Kush on the south.
Based on its use by Indo-Aryans in Mitanni and Vedic India, its prior absence in the Near East and Harappan India, and its 19th–20th century BC attestation at the Andronovo site of Sintashta, Kuzmina (1994) argues that the chariot corroborates the identification of Andronovo as Indo-Iranian. dated a chariot burial at Krivoye Lake to about 2000 BC, and a Bactria-Margiana burial that also contains a foal has recently been found, indicating further links with the steppes.
Historical linguists broadly estimate that a continuum of Indo-Iranian languages probably began to diverge by 2000 BC, if not earlier, preceding both the Vedic and Iranian cultures. The earliest recorded forms of these languages, Vedic Sanskrit and Gathic Avestan, are remarkably similar, descended from the common Proto-Indo-Iranian language. The origin and earliest relationship between the Nuristani languages and that of the Iranian and Indo-Aryan groups is not completely clear.
Expansion
First wave – Indo-Aryans
Two-wave models of Indo-Iranian expansion have been proposed by Burrow (1973) and . The Indo-Iranians and their expansion are strongly associated with the Proto-Indo-European invention of the chariot. It is assumed that this expansion spread from the Proto-Indo-European homeland north of the Caspian sea south to the Caucasus, Central Asia, the Iranian plateau, and the Indian subcontinent.
The Mitanni of Anatolia
The Mitanni, a people known in eastern Anatolia from about 1500 BC, were of possibly of mixed origins: a Hurrian-speaking majority was supposedly dominated by a non-Anatolian, Indo-Aryan elite. There is linguistic evidence for such a superstrate, in the form of:
a horse training manual written by a Mitanni man named Kikkuli, which was used by the Hittites, an Indo-European Anatolian people;
the names of Mitanni rulers and;
the names of gods invoked by these rulers in treaties.
In particular, Kikkuli's text includes words such as aika "one" (i.e. a cognate of the Indo-Aryan eka), tera "three" (tri), panza "five" (pancha), satta "seven", (sapta), na "nine" (nava), and vartana "turn around", in the context of a horse race (Indo-Aryan vartana). In a treaty between the Hittites and the Mitanni, the Ashvin deities Mitra, Varuna, Indra, and Nasatya are invoked. These loanwords tend to connect the Mitanni superstrate to Indo-Aryan rather than Iranian languages – i.e. the early Iranian word for "one" was aiva.
Indian subcontinent – Vedic culture
The standard model for the entry of the Indo-European languages into the Indian subcontinent is that this first wave went over the Hindu Kush, either into the headwaters of the Indus and later the Ganges. The earliest stratum of Vedic Sanskrit, preserved only in the Rigveda, is assigned to roughly 1500 BC. From the Indus, the Indo-Aryan languages spread from c. 1500 BC to c. 500 BC, over the northern and central parts of the subcontinent, sparing the extreme south. The Indo-Aryans in these areas established several powerful kingdoms and principalities in the region, from south eastern Afghanistan to the doorstep of Bengal. The most powerful of these kingdoms were the post-Rigvedic Kuru (in Kurukshetra and the Delhi area) and their allies the Pañcālas further east, as well as Gandhara and later on, about the time of the Buddha, the kingdom of Kosala and the quickly expanding realm of Magadha. The latter lasted until the 4th century BC, when it was conquered by Chandragupta Maurya and formed the center of the Mauryan empire.
In eastern Afghanistan and some western regions of Pakistan, Indo-Aryan languages were eventually replaced by Eastern Iranian languages. Most Indo-Aryan languages, however, were and still are prominent in the rest of the Indian subcontinent. Today, Indo-Aryan languages are spoken in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Fiji, Suriname and the Maldives.
Second wave – Iranians
The second wave is interpreted as the Iranian wave.
The first Iranians to reach the Black Sea may have been the Cimmerians in the 8th century BC, although their linguistic affiliation is uncertain. They were followed by the Scythians, who are considered a western branch of the Central Asian Sakas. Sarmatian tribes, of whom the best known are the Roxolani (Rhoxolani), Iazyges (Jazyges) and the Alani (Alans), followed the Scythians westwards into Europe in the late centuries BC and the 1st and 2nd centuries AD (The Age of Migrations). The populous Sarmatian tribe of the Massagetae, dwelling near the Caspian Sea, were known to the early rulers of Persia in the Achaemenid Period. At their greatest reported extent, around 1st century AD, the Sarmatian tribes ranged from the Vistula River to the mouth of the Danube and eastward to the Volga, bordering the shores of the Black and Caspian seas as well as the Caucasus to the south. In the east, the Saka occupied several areas in Xinjiang, from Khotan to Tumshuq.
The Medians, Persians and Parthians begin to appear on the Iranian plateau from c. 800 BC, and the Achaemenids replaced Elamite rule from 559 BC. Around the first millennium AD, Iranian groups began to settle on the eastern edge of the Iranian plateau, on the mountainous frontier of northwestern and western Pakistan, displacing the earlier Indo-Aryans from the area.
In Eastern Europe, the Iranians were eventually decisively assimilated (e.g. Slavicisation) and absorbed by the Proto-Slavic population of the region, while in Central Asia, the Turkic languages marginalized the Iranian languages as a result of the Turkic expansion of the early centuries AD. Extant major Iranian languages are Persian, Pashto, Kurdish, and Balochi besides numerous smaller ones. Ossetian, primarily spoken in North Ossetia and South Ossetia, is a direct descendant of Alanic, and by that the only surviving Sarmatian language of the once wide-ranging East Iranian dialect continuum that stretched from Eastern Europe to the eastern parts of Central Asia.
Archaeology
Archaeological cultures associated with Indo-Iranian expansion include:
Europe
Poltavka culture (2700–2100 BC)
Central Asia
Andronovo horizon (2200–1000 BC)
Sintashta-Petrovka-Arkaim (2200–1600 BC)
Alakul (2100–1400 BC)
Fedorovo (1400–1200 BC)
Alekseyevka (1200–1000 BC)
Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex (2200–1700 BC)
Srubna culture (1800–1200 BC)
Abashevo culture (1700–1500 BC)
Yaz culture (1500–1100 BC)
Indian subcontinent
Ochre Coloured Pottery culture (2000–1500 BCE)
Cemetery H culture (1900–1300 BC)
Swat culture (1400–800 BC)
Painted Gray Ware culture (1200–600 BC)
Iran
Early West Iranian Grey Ware (1500–1000 BC)
Late West Iranian Buff Ware (900–700 BC)
suggests the following identifications:
Language
The Indo-European language spoken by the Indo-Iranians in the late 3rd millennium BC was a Satem language still not removed very far from the Proto-Indo-European language, and in turn only removed by a few centuries from Vedic Sanskrit of the Rigveda. The main phonological change separating Proto-Indo-Iranian from Proto–Indo-European is the collapse of the ablauting vowels *e, *o, *a into a single vowel, Proto–Indo-Iranian *a (but see Brugmann's law). Grassmann's law and Bartholomae's law were also complete in Proto-Indo-Iranian, as well as the loss of the labiovelars (kw, etc.) to k, and the Eastern Indo-European (Satem) shift from palatized k' to ć, as in Proto–Indo-European *k'ṃto- > Indo-Iran. *ćata- > Sanskrit śata-, Old Iran. sata
"100".
Among the sound changes from Proto-Indo-Iranian to Indo-Aryan is the loss of the voiced sibilant *z, among those to Iranian is the de-aspiration of the PIE voiced aspirates.
Religion
Despite the introduction of later Vedic and Zoroastrian scriptures, Indo-Iranians shared a common inheritance of concepts including the universal force *Hṛta- (Sanskrit rta, Avestan asha), the sacred plant and drink *sawHma- (Sanskrit Soma, Avestan Haoma) and gods of social order such as *mitra- (Sanskrit Mitra, Avestan and Old Persian Mithra, Miθra) and *bʰaga- (Sanskrit Bhaga, Avestan and Old Persian Baga). Proto-Indo-Iranian religion is an archaic offshoot of Indo-European religion. From the various and dispersed Indo-Iranian cultures, a set of common ideas may be reconstructed from which a common, unattested proto-Indo-Iranian source may be deduced.
The pre-Islamic religion of the Nuristani people and extant religion of the Kalash people, is mostly based on the original religion of the Indo-Iranians, some of which are shared with Shinto, one of the national religions of Japan, which has some Indo-Iranian influence owing to contact presumably in the steppes of Central Asia at around 2000 BCE. In Shinto, traces of these can be seen in the myth of the storm god Susanoo slaying a serpent Yamata-no-Orochi and in the myth of the dawn goddess Ame-no-Uzume.
Development
Beliefs developed in different ways as cultures separated and evolved. For example, the cosmo-mythology of the peoples that remained on the Central Asian steppes and the Iranian plateau is to a great degree unlike that of the Indians, focused more on groups of deities (*daiva and *asura) and less on the divinities individually. Indians were less conservative than Iranians in their treatment of their divinities, so that some deities were conflated with others or, conversely, aspects of a single divinity developed into divinities in their own right. By the time of Zoroaster, Iranian culture had also been subject to the upheavals of the Iranian Heroic Age (late Iranian Bronze Age, 1800–800 BC), an influence that the Indo-Aryans were not subject to.
Sometimes certain myths developed in altogether different ways. The Rig-Vedic Sarasvati is linguistically and functionally cognate with Avestan *Haraxvaitī Ārəduuī Sūrā Anāhitā. In the Rig-Veda (6,61,5–7) she battles a serpent called Vritra, who has hoarded all of the Earth's water. In contrast, in early portions of the Avesta, Iranian *Harahvati is the world-river that flows down from the mythical central Mount Hara. But *Harahvati does no battle — she is blocked by an obstacle (Avestan for obstacle: vərəθra) placed there by Angra Mainyu.
Cognate terms
The following is a list of cognate terms that may be gleaned from comparative linguistic analysis of the Rigveda and Avesta. Both collections are from the period after the proposed date of separation (c. 2nd millennium BC) of the Proto-Indo-Iranians into their respective Indic and Iranian branches.
Genetics
R1a1a (R-M17 or R-M198) is the sub-clade most commonly associated with Indo-European speakers. Most discussions purportedly of R1a origins are actually about the origins of the dominant R1a1a (R-M17 or R-M198) sub-clade. Data so far collected indicates that there are two widely separated areas of high frequency, one in the northern Indian subcontinent, and the other in Eastern Europe, around Poland and Ukraine. The historical and prehistoric possible reasons for this are the subject of on-going discussion and attention amongst population geneticists and genetic genealogists, and are considered to be of potential interest to linguists and archaeologists also.
Out of 10 human male remains assigned to the Andronovo horizon from the Krasnoyarsk region, 9 possessed the R1a Y-chromosome haplogroup and one C-M130 haplogroup (xC3). mtDNA haplogroups of nine individuals assigned to the same Andronovo horizon and region were as follows: U4 (2 individuals), U2e, U5a1, Z, T1, T4, H, and K2b.
A 2004 study also established that during the Bronze Age/Iron Age period, the majority of the population of Kazakhstan (part of the Andronovo culture during the Bronze Age), was of west Eurasian origin (with mtDNA haplogroups such as U, H, HV, T, I and W), and that prior to the 13th–7th century BC, all Kazakh samples belonged to European lineages.
See also
Proto-Indo-Iranian language
Proto-Dravidian language
Satemization
Ariana
Aryavarta
Dravidian peoples
Aryanization
Indo-Aryan migrations
Notes
References
Citations
Sources
.
Jones-Bley, K.; Zdanovich, D. G. (eds.), Complex Societies of Central Eurasia from the 3rd to the 1st Millennium BC, 2 vols, JIES Monograph Series Nos. 45, 46, Washington D.C. (2002), , .
.
.
.
.
.
.
Chopra, R. M., "Indo-Iranian Cultural Relations Through The Ages", Iran Society, Kolkata, 2005.
Further reading
Vasil'ev, I. B., P. F. Kuznetsov, and A. P. Semenova. "Potapovo Burial Ground of the Indo-Iranic Tribes on the Volga (from original:"Potapovskii kurgannyi mogil'nik indoiranskikh plemen na Volge") (1994).
External links
The Origin of the Pre-Imperial Iranian People by Oric Basirov (2001)
The Origin of the Indo-Iranians Elena E. Kuz'mina. Edited by J.P. Mallory (2007)
Ancient peoples of Asia
Nomadic groups in Eurasia
Indo-European peoples
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99717
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian%20Setzer
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Brian Setzer
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Brian Robert Setzer (born April 10, 1959) is an American guitarist, singer, and songwriter. He found widespread success in the early 1980s with the 1950s-style rockabilly group Stray Cats, and revitalized his career in the early 1990s with his swing revival band, the Brian Setzer Orchestra. In 1987, he made a cameo appearance as Eddie Cochran in the film La Bamba.
Career
Stray Cats
Setzer was born April 1959 in Massapequa, New York. He started on the euphonium and played in jazz bands when he was in school. He found a way to hear jazz at the Village Vanguard, though as he got older he became more interested in rock, punk, and rockabilly. He was a member of the Bloodless Pharaohs and the Tomcats, which he began with his brother, Gary. The Tomcats became the Stray Cats when double bassist Lee Rocker and drummer Slim Jim Phantom joined and Gary left the band. In 1980, thinking they might have more success in England than in America, they sold their instruments to pay for airplane tickets and flew to London.
After performing in London for a few months, they met Dave Edmunds, a guitarist and record producer who shared their love of rockabilly and 1950s' rock and roll. Edmunds produced their debut album, Stray Cats (Arista, 1981), which yielded two hit singles, "Stray Cat Strut" and "Rock This Town". The second album, Gonna Ball (Arista, 1982), was less successful. The band returned to America and released Built for Speed (EMI, 1982), produced again by Dave Edmunds, with songs collected from their first two albums. Helped by their music videos on MTV, the Stray Cats became popular in America. Their next album, Rant n' Rave with the Stray Cats (EMI, 1983) produced the hit "(She's) Sexy + 17".
The Stray Cats disbanded in 1984, though they occasionally reunited, recorded, and toured. After recording three albums with different producers, they returned to Dave Edmunds for Choo Choo Hot Fish (1992).
Solo career/The Brian Setzer Orchestra
After the Stray Cats disbanded in 1984, Setzer began a solo career that included working as a sideman for other acts, such as the Honeydrippers led by Robert Plant. On his first solo album, The Knife Feels Like Justice (EMI, 1986), he turned away from rockabilly and moved toward rhythm and blues (R&B) and the heartland rock of John Mellencamp. The album was produced by Don Gehman and featured Kenny Aronoff on drums. Both men had worked on albums by Mellencamp. His second studio album Live Nude Guitars followed in 1988. While this album retained some heartland rock elements, it found Setzer moving in more of a straight-ahead blues rock direction, comparable to George Thorogood's style; Setzer served as co-producer along with Larson Paine, Chris Thomas and David A. Stewart. He went on tour with Thorogood later that year.
Setzer returned to his love of music from the 1950s, this time the jump blues of Louis Prima. Whereas he had resurrected rockabilly in the 1980s, he resuscitated swing in the 1990s. He assembled the Brian Setzer Orchestra, a seventeen piece big band that got the public's attention with a cover version of Prima's "Jump, Jive an' Wail" from the album The Dirty Boogie (Interscope, 1998). The song won the Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals, while "Sleep Walk" from the same album won the Grammy for Best Pop Instrumental Performance.
The album Wolfgang's Big Night Out (2007) featured Setzer's interpretation of classical pieces, such as Beethoven's "Symphony No. 5" and "Für Elise". Wolfgang earned Setzer his eighth Grammy nomination, this time for Best Classical Crossover Album.
He executive produced the album Ready Steady Go! (Surfdog, 2014) by Drake Bell and played guitar on two songs.
On June 25, 2021, Setzer announced a new solo album, his first in 7 years, titled Gotta Have the Rumble.
Personal life
Setzer has been married three times, most recently in 2005 to Julie Reiten, a former singer with the Dustbunnies.
Awards and honors
Orville H. Gibson Lifetime Achievement Award, 1999
Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals, "Jump, Jive an' Wail", 1998
Grammy Award for Best Pop Instrumental Performance, "Sleep Walk" and "Caravan"
Long Island Music Hall of Fame, 2015
Discography
As leader
The Knife Feels Like Justice (EMI, 1986)
Live Nude Guitars (EMI, 1988)
Rockin' by Myself (InsideOut [Japan], 1993)
Ignition! (Surfdog, 2001)
Nitro Burnin' Funny Daddy (Surfdog, 2003)
Rockabilly Riot Vol. 1: A Tribute to Sun Records (Surfdog, 2005)
13 (Surfdog, 2006)
Red Hot & Live (Surfdog, 2007)
Setzer Goes Instru-Mental! (Surfdog, 2011)
Rockabilly Riot! Live from the Planet (Surfdog, 2012)
Rockabilly Riot! All Original (Surfdog, 2014)
Gotta Have the Rumble (Surfdog, 2021)
The Brian Setzer Orchestra
The Brian Setzer Orchestra (Hollywood, 1994)
Guitar Slinger (Interscope, 1996)
The Dirty Boogie (Interscope, 1998)
Vavoom! (Interscope, 2000)
Jumpin' East of Java (Toy's Factory, 2001)
Boogie Woogie Christmas (Surfdog, 2002)
Dig That Crazy Christmas (Surfdog, 2005)
Wolfgang's Big Night Out (Surfdog, 2007)
Songs from Lonely Avenue (Surfdog, 2009)
Christmas Comes Alive (Surfdog, 2010)
Rockin' Rudolph (Surfdog, 2015)
As member
Bloodless Pharaohs
Marty Thau Presents 12 x 5 (Red Star, 1980) on two tracks
Brian Setzer and the Bloodless Pharaohs (Collectables, 1996)
Stray Cats
Stray Cats (1981)
Gonna Ball (1981)
Built for Speed (1982)
Rant n' Rave with the Stray Cats (1983)
Rock Therapy (1986)
Blast Off! (1989)
Let's Go Faster! (1990)
The Best of the Stray Cats: Rock This Town (1990)
Choo Choo Hot Fish (1992)
Original Cool (1993)
Rumble in Brixton (2004)
40 (2019)
As guest
Come Out and Play, Twisted Sister (1985)
Deep in the Heart of Nowhere, Bob Geldof (1986)
Sentimental Hygiene, Warren Zevon (1987)
Two Fires, Jimmy Barnes (1990)
Closer to the Flame, Dave Edmunds (1990)
Traffic from Paradise, Rickie Lee Jones (1993)
Muddy Water Blues: A Tribute to Muddy Waters, Paul Rodgers (1993)
La Bamba, Los Lobos (1993)
Toolin' Around, Arlen Roth (1993)
Bug Alley, Gary Hoey (1996)
Cheating at Solitaire, Mike Ness (1999)
Beatin' the Heat, Dan Hicks (2000)
Ghost on the Canvas, Glen Campbell (2011)
Step Back, Johnny Winter (2014)
Ready Steady Go!, Drake Bell (2014)
"Uptown Number 7", Dion from Blues with Friends (2020)
DVD
Brian Setzer Orchestra Live in Japan (2001)
Rumble in Brixton (2004)
Brian Setzer Orchestra Live: Christmas Extravaganza (2005)
One Rockin' Night ('95) (2007)
Live in Montreal Jazz Festival (2010)
Rockabilly Riot! Osaka Rocka Live in Japan (2016)
Brian Setzer Orchestra Live: Christmas Rocks! (2018)
Musical equipment
Brian Setzer has a very large guitar collection which spans many decades and brands. He favours vintage equipment and hollow body guitars, and currently endorses Gretsch guitars.
Vintage guitars:
D'Angelico Excel - 1938
D'Angelico New Yorker - 1940
Martin Model D-28 Acoustic - 1956
Fender Stratocaster Turquoise - 1957
Guild Bluesbird - 1959
Gretsch Model 6130 Round Up - 1955
Gretsch Model 6128 Black Duo Jet - 1958
Gretsch Model 6136 White Falcon - 1957
Gretsch Model 6129 Silver Jet - No Pickguard - 1957
Gretsch Model 6129 Silver Jet - White Pickguard - 1957
Gretsch Model 6136 White Falcon - 1957
Gretsch Model 6129 Silver Jet - Black Pickguard - 1958
Gretsch Model 6120 "Stray Cat" - 1959
Gretsch Model 6120 Chet Atkins - 1959
Gretsch Model 6119 "Christmas Custom" - 1959
Gretsch Model 6119 Blue Sparkle Jet - 1959
Gretsch Model 6120 - 1960
Gretsch Model 6119 - 1960
Gibson Firebird V - 1964
Signature guitars:
Gretsch Model 6120 Setzer Signature Prototype
Gretsch Model 6120 Setzer Hot Rod Custom Purple
Gretsch Model 6120 Setzer Hot Rod Custom "Pinstripe"
Gretsch Model 6120 Setzer Hot Rod Custom "Spotty"
Gretsch Model 6120 Setzer Hot Rod Custom "Sparkle Red"
Gretsch Model 6120 Setzer Hot Rod Custom "Sparkle Blue"
Gretsch Model 6120 SSLVO Brian Setzer Signature
Gretsch Model 6120 SSL Brian Setzer Signature
Gretsch Model 6120 SSU Brian Setzer Signature
Gretsch Model 6120 SSUGR Brian Setzer Signature
Gretsch Model 6136SLBP Brian Setzer Black Phoenix
Indie Model With White GT Stripes
Other guitars:
Bigsby Custom - 2003
References
External links
Interview - NAMM Oral History Library (2016)
1959 births
Living people
People from Oyster Bay (town), New York
Stray Cats members
Swing revival musicians
American bandleaders
American blues guitarists
American expatriates in the United Kingdom
American rock guitarists
American rockabilly guitarists
American male guitarists
Lead guitarists
American male singers
American rock singers
Songwriters from New York (state)
American rockabilly musicians
Singers from New York (state)
Grammy Award winners
People from Massapequa, New York
Guitarists from New York (state)
20th-century American guitarists
The Honeydrippers members
Massapequa High School alumni
Dead Men Walking members
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20669921
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jhadewa
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Jhadewa
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Jhadewa is a village development committee in Palpa District in the Lumbini Zone of southern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4494 people living in 798 individual households.
References
Populated places in Palpa District
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52023579
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985%E2%80%9386%20Cypriot%20Third%20Division
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1985–86 Cypriot Third Division
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The 1985–86 Cypriot Third Division was the 15th season of the Cypriot third-level football league. APEP FC won their 1st title.
Format
Fourteen teams participated in the 1985–86 Cypriot Third Division. All teams played against each other twice, once at their home and once away. The team with the most points at the end of the season crowned champions. The first three teams were promoted to 1986–87 Cypriot Second Division.
Point system
Teams received two points for a win, one point for a draw and zero points for a loss.
League standings
Sources
See also
Cypriot Third Division
1985–86 Cypriot First Division
1985–86 Cypriot Cup
Cypriot Third Division seasons
Cyprus
1985–86 in Cypriot football
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4821475
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naked%20Elvis
|
Naked Elvis
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Naked Elvis was a late-night British television quiz show on Channel 4 from 10 August to 3 December 1999 hosted by Tania Strecker. Two teams of students would answer general knowledge questions. There was a scoremaster dressed as Elvis Presley played by Marc Fossey, Sam Cullingworth and two others who would remove one item of clothing between each round until he was naked.
References
External links
1999 British television series debuts
1999 British television series endings
1990s British game shows
Channel 4 original programming
Television series by Endemol
English-language television shows
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64137924
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizhneye%20Turovo
|
Nizhneye Turovo
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Nizhneye Turovo () is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Nizhneturovskoye Rural Settlement, Nizhnedevitsky District, Voronezh Oblast, Russia. The population was 488 as of 2018. There are 16 streets.
Geography
Nizhneye Turovo is located 27 km east of Nizhnedevitsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Verkhnenikolskoye is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Nizhnedevitsky District
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37233114
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C4%81salpur%20inscription%20of%20N%C4%81gavarman
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Hāsalpur inscription of Nāgavarman
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The Hāsalpur inscription of Nāgavarman is an epigraphic record on a memorial stone documenting the exploits of a ruler named Nāgavarman. It is not dated but has been assigned to the mid-sixth century CE.
Location
Hāsalpur (sometimes Hansalpur or Hasilpur) is located in Sheopur District near the River Chambal in northern Madhya Pradesh, India. The nearest town is Dhodhar where a small fort is situated. The memorial stone is now in the Archaeological Museum at Gwalior.
Publication
The inscription was first noted by M. B. Garde in 1916-17 and again in 1934. It was later listed by H. N. Dvivedī, H. V. Trivedi and Michael Willis. The listing in the Annual Report on Indian Epigraphy for 1952-52 gives the wrong find-spot. An illustration of the hero-stone appeared in the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society in 1970.
Description and contents
The inscription is written in Sanskrit over 13 lines. The exact contents have not been reported but Nāgavarman seems to be among the local kings who rose against Mihirakula and the Hūṇas in the early to mid-sixth century.
Text
The inscription has been read only in part. The king's name is given in line 4.
1)
2)
3)
4) mahārāja-nāgavarmma-
See also
Indian inscriptions
References
External links
Location of Hansalpur according to Geolysis
Sanskrit inscriptions in India
Gupta and post-Gupta inscriptions
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345550
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham%20Museum%20and%20Art%20Gallery
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Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery
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Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery (BM&AG) is a museum and art gallery in Birmingham, England. It has a collection of international importance covering fine art, ceramics, metalwork, jewellery, natural history, archaeology, ethnography, local history and industrial history.
The museum/gallery is run by Birmingham Museums Trust, the largest independent museums trust in the United Kingdom, which also runs eight other museums around the city. Entrance to the Museum and Art Gallery is free, but some major exhibitions in the Gas Hall incur an entrance fee.
History
In 1829, the Birmingham Society of Artists created a private exhibition building in New Street, Birmingham while the historical precedent for public education around that time produced the Factory Act 1833, the first instance of Government funding for education.
The Museums Act 1845 "[empowered] boroughs with a population of 10,000 or more to raise a 1/2d for the establishment of museums." In 1864, the first public exhibition room, was opened when the Society and other donors presented 64 pictures as well as the Sultanganj Buddha to Birmingham Council and these were housed in the Free Library building but, due to lack of space, the pictures had to move to Aston Hall. Joseph Nettlefold bequeathed twenty-five pictures by David Cox to Birmingham Art Gallery on the condition it opened on Sundays.
In June 1880, local artist Allen Edward Everitt accepted the post of honorary curator of the Free Art Gallery, a municipal institution which was the forerunner of the Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery.
Jesse Collings, Mayor of Birmingham 1878–79, was responsible for free libraries in Birmingham and was the original proponent of the Birmingham Art Gallery. A £10,000 (2010: £) gift by Sir Richard and George Tangye started a new drive for an art gallery and, in 1885, following other donations and £40,000 from the council, the Prince of Wales officially opened the new gallery on Saturday 28 November 1885. The Museum and Art Gallery occupied an extended part of the Council House above the new offices of the municipal Gas Department (which in effect subsidised the venture thus circumventing the Public Libraries Act 1850 which limited the use of public funds on the arts). The building was designed by Yeoville Thomason. The metalwork for the new building (and adjoining Council House) was by the Birmingham firm of Hart, Son, Peard & Co. and extended to both the interior and exterior including the distinctive cast-iron columns in the main gallery space for the display of decorative art. The lofty portico, surmounted by a pediment by Francis John Williamson, representing an allegory of Birmingham contributing to the fine arts, was together with the clock-tower considered the "most conspicuous features" of the exterior upon its opening. By 1900 the collection, especially its contemporary British holdings, was deemed by the Magazine of Art to be "one of the finest and handsomest" in Britain.
Until 1946, when property taxes were voted towards acquisitions, the museum relied on the generosity of private individuals. John Feeney provided £50,000 to provide a further gallery.
Seven galleries had to be rebuilt after being bombed in 1940. Immediately after World War II "Mighty Mary" Mary Woodall (1901–1988) was appointed keeper of art under director, Trenchard Cox. Woodall and Cox, through their links to the London art world, were able to attract exhibitions, much publicity and donations to the gallery. In 1956, Woodall replaced Cox when the latter became Director of the Victoria and Albert Museum.
In 1951, the Museum of Science and Industry, Birmingham was incorporated into BM&AG. In 2001, the Science Museum closed with some exhibits being transferred to Thinktank, Birmingham Science Museum, which was operated by the independent Thinktank Trust that has since become part of Birmingham Museums Trust.
The main entrance is located in Chamberlain Square below the clock-tower known locally as "Big Brum". The entrance hall memorial reads 'By the gains of Industry we promote Art'. The Extension Block has entrances via the Gas Hall in Edmund Street and Great Charles Street. Waterhall, the original gas department, has its own entrance on Edmund Street.
In October 2010, the Waterhall closed as a BM&AG gallery as a result of a £1.5m cut to Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery's budget in 2010–11. The last BM&AG exhibition that took place in the Waterhall at that time was the Steve McCurry Retrospective that ran from the 26th of June to the 17th of October, 2010. The Waterhall and the Gas Hall have reopened for exhibitions throughout the year.
BM&AG, formerly managed by Birmingham City Council, is now, with Thinktank, part of Birmingham Museums Trust.
Due to the global pandemic, the museum closed in October 2020. The museum remains closed throughout 2021 as part of a project to rewire the Council complex that houses the museum. A partial reopening is expected in April 2022.
Art Gallery collection highlights
Paintings
The Art Gallery is most noted for its extensive collections of paintings ranging from the 14th to the 21st century. They include works by the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood and the world's largest collection of works by Edward Burne-Jones. Notable painters in oil include the following:
English School
Constable, John – 2 paintings;
Cox, David – 11 paintings;
Gainsborough, Thomas – 3 paintings;
Hogarth, William – 2 paintings;
Landseer, Sir Edwin – 1 painting;
Lely, Peter – 2 painting;
Turner, J M W – 1 painting;
Bacon, Francis – 1 painting;
Spencer, Stanley – 3 paintings;
Lanyon, Peter – 1 painting;
Heron, Patrick – 1 painting;
Jones, Allen – 1 painting;
Paintings from the Dutch School include a painting each from Jan van Goyen and Willem van de Velde the Younger.
Flemish School
Christus, Petrus – 1 painting;
Rubens, Peter Paul – 1 painting;
French School
Dufrénoy, Georges – 1 painting;
Dughet, Gaspard – 1 painting;
Gellée, Claude – 2 painting;
Impressionists
Degas, Edgar – 1 painting;
Pissarro, Camille – 1 painting;
Renoir, Pierre-Auguste – 1 painting;
German School
Zoffany, Johan – 1 painting;
Italian School
Batoni, Pompeo – 1 painting;
Bellini, Giovanni – 1 painting;
Botticelli, Sandro – 1 painting;
Canaletto, (Giovanni Antonio Canal) – 2 paintings;
Crespi, Giuseppe – 1 painting;
Dolci, Carlo – 1 painting;
il Garofalo, Benvenuto Tisio – 1 painting;
Gentileschi, Orazio – 1 painting;
Guardi, Francesco – 1 painting;
Guercino, (Giovanni Francesco Barbieri) – 1 painting;
Martini, Simone – 1 painting;
Reni, Guido – 1 painting;
Rosa, Salvator – 1 painting;
Schiavone, Andrea – 1 painting;
Strozzi, Bernardo – 1 painting;
Spanish School
Murillo, Bartolomé-Esteban – 1 painting.
Antiquities
The collection of antiquities includes coins from ancient times through to the Middle Ages, artefacts from Ancient India and Central Asia, Ancient Cyprus and Ancient Egypt. The museum also holds 28 pieces of Nimrud ivories from the British School of Archaeology in Iraq. There is material from Classical Greece, the Roman Empire and Latin America. There is also mediaeval material, much of which is now on display in The Birmingham History Galleries, a permanent exhibition on the third floor of the museum.
In November 2014, a dedicated gallery was opened to display the Staffordshire Hoard. Discovered in the nearby village of Hammerwich in 2009, it was the largest hoard of Anglo-Saxon gold ever found.
In respect of local and industrial history, the tower of the Birmingham HP Sauce factory was a famous landmark alongside the Aston Expressway which was demolished in the summer of 2007. The giant logo from the top of the tower is now in the collection of the Museum.
Gallery
See also
Mercian Trail
References
Bibliography
All About Victoria Square, Joe Holyoak, The Victorian Society Birmingham Group, .
By the Gains of Industry – Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery 1885–1985, Stuart Davies, .
Public Sculpture of Birmingham including Sutton Coldfield, George T. Noszlopy, edited Jeremy Beach, 1998, .
Further reading
John Alfred Langford, The Birmingham Free Libraries, the Shakespere Memorial Library, and the Art Gallery (Hall & English, 1871).
External links
BM&AG website
Pre-Raphaelite Online Resource Over 2,000 Pre-Raphaelite images
BM&AG collection online
Oil paintings from BM&AG on the BBC Your Paintings website
Paintings from the Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery on VADS
Art museums established in 1885
1885 establishments in England
Art museums and galleries in Birmingham, West Midlands
Archaeological museums in England
City museums in the United Kingdom
Local museums in the West Midlands (county)
Grade II* listed buildings in Birmingham
Grade II listed museum buildings
Birmingham Museums Trust
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39150195
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live%20in%20Tokyo%201996%20Vol.%202
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Live in Tokyo 1996 Vol. 2
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Live in Tokyo 1996 Vol. 2 is a 1999 live album by German band La! Neu?, recorded during their 1996 Japanese tour at a concert in Tokyo. Despite its title, the album actually consists of the first half of the concert, the second half having been released in 1998 as Cha Cha 2000 - Live in Tokyo 1996 Vol. 1. The album consists of a mixture of live improvisation and set songs, including some sampled material from English musician Mick Lount.
Background to tour
In early 1996 Klaus Dinger and Michael Rother met in Düsseldorf to review their ongoing legal battle with Metronome Records for the rights to the three original Neu! albums which they made together in the 1970s. Metronome had offered to compromise with Dinger and Rother by giving the two musicians a sizable proportion of the profits made from a reissue of the albums and by financing promotional activities, possibly including a world tour. Whilst Dinger was willing to accept this offer, Rother was more hesitant, still hoping to secure full ownership of the recordings. In the meantime, Dinger spoke to Ken Matsutani (the head of Captain Trip Records which was at that time releasing Dinger's post-Neu! back catalogue), and Matsutani began looking for venues in Japan for the upcoming tour. Matsutani discovered two venues which were interested in hosting Neu! - Muse Hall in Osaka and On Air West in Tokyo. In early 1996 Cluster (a band associated with Neu! and particularly with Michael Rother) had visited both venues as part of a world tour and produced the album Japan 1996 Live from the result. Dinger and Neu! (like Cluster) had a comparatively large following in Japan, and it was anticipated that any Neu! concerts arranged would be well attended.
Michael Rother was unwilling to commit to a tour, however, much to Dinger's annoyance. Rather than back out of the conversations he was having with Tokyo and Osaka, Dinger decided to offer the services of a new group he had been building around Andreas Reihse of Kreidler and Victoria Wehrmeister of Superbilk. In reference to Neu! and La Düsseldorf he named the new band La! Neu?, and was quickly accepted by owner of the venues - Hirokazu Nambu (Dinger admitted that Nambu was taking a "risk" in inviting the unknown La! Neu?). In Germany he finalised the group's debut album Düsseldorf and prepared to take an extended 8-man line-up with him to Japan.
In the summer of 1996 Dinger was consumed with the organisation (by mail and fax) of an exhibition of his visual art in Auckland, New Zealand. Kerry Aberhard - the curator of the art gallery and a fan of Dinger's work - offered to fly to Japan in advance of La! Neu? to assist the group during their tour.
Tour and concert setting
In late November 1996, Kerry Aberhard flew to Osaka and was met on 1 December by Ken Matsutani and members of Matsutani's band "Marble Sheep" (who had travelled from Tokyo). They "filled time drinking scotch in [Kerry's hotel] room" until Dinger and La! Neu? were due to arrive later that day. At 8:30 PM Aberhard and Marble Sheep travelled to the airport to meet La! Neu?, whose flight was slightly delayed. This was the first time Dinger had met his label head face-to-face, and the first time he had been to Japan.
They stayed overnight in Osaka (where it was snowing heavily) and performed at Muse Hall on 2 December. The stage had a rope stretched at shoulder-height across it, from which hung Japanese drums and bells which Dinger played during the concert along with his guitar. He was joined by drummers Thomas Klein and Markus Hofmann (both of Kreidler) as well as bassist and contrabassist Konstantin Wienstroer, guitarist Dirk Flader, vocalist Victoria Wehrmeister and keyboardists Andreas Reihse and Rembrandt Lensink. The concert went well, featuring much the same set list as the Tokyo concert.
The following day, the entourage travelled to On Air West, Tokyo, arriving slightly behind schedule. The stage was set up in much the same way as in Osaka, with the addition of a 3m square La! Neu? banner created by artist Yuri Shibata. Before the concert the band dined on noodles. Concert tickets bore the cryptic legend "Psychedelic Originators For Space Age Vol. 6", and sold well.
Album content and performance
The album begins with a short sample of a conversation between Ken Matsutani and Klaus Dinger in transit from Osaka to Tokyo. This is followed on by a lengthier sound-piece recorded as La! Neu? arrived at On Air West. It features conversations in English between Dinger and various Japanese venue staff and fans, as well as the sound of Victoria Wehrmeister conducting a sound check on the vocal microphones.
The concert proper begins with "Tension", a quiet track largely consisting of Rembrandt Lensink's keyboard improvisations. After six minutes "Viva" begins without warning; the band evidently attempting to surprise the audience. "Viva" is extended to 15 minutes and features a new vocal melody sung by Wehrmeister. After "Viva", Dinger addresses the audience for the first time, saying—
Dinger then plays another audio-trick on the audience by turning off a loud synthesizer hiss, which had built up over the previous song without the audience realising. The end of "Hero '96" segues into a lengthy jam called "East West Special", which includes complicated tape manipulation, so at times the song is playing over a recording of itself. This, in turn, segues into the next track - "Anti-Rapman" - in which Dinger uses a preset keyboard rhythm to back more tape manipulation, commenting of the keyboard rhythm: "that should be forbidden, I find it horrid".
Rembrandt Lensink's keyboard improvisations lead in to "Message from California". In 1993 Dinger was sent a tape by English musician Mick Lount, who had encountered Neu! and La Düsseldorf whilst living in Germany as a teenager. Lount had moved to New Zealand in the 1980s, where he met Kerry Aberhard. On the release of Die Engel des Herrn in 1992 Aberhard introduced it to Lount. Soon afterwards Lount moved to Santa Clara, California with his girlfriend, and from there sent Dinger the tape, which includes an audio message of Lount speaking as well as several songs recorded by Lount. During "Message from California" Dinger plays Lount's tape to the audience; primarily the 'message' part, in which Lount explains who he is and why he is sending the tape. A short snippets of Lount's song "Arkesden" and one other song are also played, with added tape effects and ambient drones provided by La! Neu?. Eventually Dinger fades out the tape, leaving the synthesizer drones, which make up the next track - "Rheinarita".
This is followed by live versions of Dinger's songs "Mayday" (from Düsseldorf) and "America" (from Neondian). Following on from these at the concert was "Cha Cha 2000", which is covered by the first volume of the album.
Track listing
All tracks composed by Klaus Dinger, except where indicated.
Disc 1
"Intro A: With Nambu on Shinkanzen" - 0:22
"Intro B: Entering On Air West" - 4:52
"Intro C: Tension" - 6:15 (Klaus Dinger, Dirk Flader, Markus Hofmann, Thomas Klein, Rembrandt Lensink, Andreas Reihse, Victoria Wehrmeister, Konstantin Wienstroer)
"Viva" - 14:10
"Hero '96" - 23:02
Disc 2
"Free in Tokyo A: East West Special" - 21:34 (Dinger, Flader, Hofmann, Klein, Lensink, Reihse, Wehrmeister, Wienstroer)
"Free in Tokyo B: Anti-Rapman" - 3:06 (Dinger, Flader, Hofmann, Klein, Lensink, Reihse, Wehrmeister, Wienstroer)
"Free in Tokyo C: Message from California" - 12:26 (Dinger, Flader, Hofmann, Klein, Lensink, Mick Lount, Reihse, Wehrmeister, Wienstroer)
"Free in Tokyo D: Rheinarita" - 3:45 (Dinger, Flader, Hofmann, Klein, Lensink, Reihse, Wehrmeister, Wienstroer)
"Mayday" - 11:09
"America" - 10:21
Personnel
Klaus Dinger - bamboos, bells, effects, gong, guitar, keyboard, sampling, taiko, vocals
Dirk Flader - guitar
Markus Hofmann - drums
Thomas Klein - drums
Rembrandt Lensink - percussion, piano, synthesizer, vocals
Mick Lount (sampled) - accordion, bass, drums, guitar, slide guitar, vocals, voice
Andreas Reihse - electronics, keyboards, synthesizer
Victoria Wehrmeister - tambourine, vocals
Konstantin Wienstroer - bass
References
1999 live albums
La! Neu? albums
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51622364
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasielsk%20railway%20station
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Nasielsk railway station
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Nasielsk railway station is a railway station in Nowe Pieścirogi, Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki, Masovian, Poland. It is served by Koleje Mazowieckie.
References
Station article at kolej.one.pl
External links
Railway stations in Warsaw
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1454895
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flying%20junction
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Flying junction
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A flying junction or flyover is a railway junction at which one or more diverging or converging tracks in a multiple-track route cross other tracks on the route by bridge to avoid conflict with other train movements. A more technical term is "grade-separated junction". A burrowing junction or dive-under occurs where the diverging line passes below the main line.
The alternative to grade separation is a level junction or flat junction, where tracks cross at grade, and conflicting routes must be protected by interlocked signals.
Complexity
Simple flying junctions may have a single track pass over or under other tracks to avoid conflict, while complex flying junctions may have an elaborate infrastructure to allow multiple routings without trains coming into conflict, in the manner of a highway stack interchange.
Flying junction without crossings
Where two lines each of two tracks merge with a flying junction, they can become a four-track railway together. This happens regularly in the Netherlands (see Examples below).
High-speed rail
Nearly all junctions with high-speed railways are grade-separated. On the French Lignes à Grande Vitesse (TGV) high-speed network, the principal junction on the LGV Sud-Est, at Pasilly where the line to Dijon diverges, and on the LGV Atlantique at Courtalain where the line to Le Mans diverges, are fully grade-separated with special high-speed switches (points in British terminology) that permit the normal line speed of on the main line, and a diverging speed of .
The LGV network has four grade-separated high-speed triangles: Fretin (near Lille), Coubert (southeast Paris), Claye-Souilly (northeast Paris) and Angles (Avignon). A fifth, Vémars (northeast Paris), is grade-separated except for a single-track link on the least-used side, linking Paris Gare du Nord and Paris CDG airport.
Examples
Australia
Bowen Hills railway station in Brisbane
Burnley railway station in Melbourne
Camberwell railway station in Melbourne
Sydney Central Station
Glenfield railway station, Sydney
Strathfield railway station
Sandgate Flyover, Newcastle – main line flies over coal branch line
Goodwood railway station in Adelaide
Canada
Columbia station in New Westminster, BC – Expo Line branches for King George (top) and Production Way–University (bottom)
Bridgeport station in Richmond, BC – Canada Line branches for YVR–Airport and Richmond–Brighouse
Denmark
Hvidovre, Copenhagen ()
Junction of M1 and M2 lines on the Copenhagen Metro
Lunderskov ()
Roskilde, south of ()
Sydhavnen, Copenhagen ()
Vigerslev, Copenhagen ()
Finland
Railway junction of two main lines at Kytömaa, Kerava
France (LGV Triangles)
Triangle de Fretin, Lille, connecting Paris, Brussels and London
Triangle de Coubert, Paris
Triangle des Angles, Avignon, with two parallel viaducts
Triangle de Claye-Souilly, Paris, partial four-way junction
Triangle de Vémars, Paris
Germany
Bruchsal Rollenberg junction
Hong Kong
Where Airport Express and Tung Chung line diverge from each other at Tai Ho Wan
Tseung Kwan O line to the east of Tseung Kwan O station
Netherlands
There are between 25 and about 40 flying junctions on Dutch railways, depending on how more complex examples are counted.
Near Harmelen. Before conversion to a flying junction, this was the site of the Harmelen train disaster.
At Breukelen railway station
At Lage Zwaluwe railway station
Flying junctions where the merged lines become a four track railway:
Near Den Haag Laan van NOI railway station
North of Leiden where lines from Haarlem and Schiphol merge
At Boxtel railway station where lines from 's-Hertogenbosch and Tilburg merge
West of Gouda where lines from Rotterdam and The Hague merge
More complex flying junctions, with tracks from four directions joining:
Around Amsterdam Sloterdijk railway station
Around Duivendrecht railway station
Northwest exit of Utrecht Centraal railway station
West and northwest exit of Rotterdam Centraal railway station
At both sides of Weesp railway station (see diagram at right)
Norway
Lillestrøm ()
Lysaker ()
Sandvika, east of and west of () ()
Sweden
Flemingsberg ()
Järna, north of ()
Järna, south of ()
Lund ()
Hyllie ()
Myrbacken ()
Lernacken ()
Södertälje hamn ()
Södertälje syd ()
Tomteboda ()
Taiwan
Start of Shalun line, south of Zhongzhou railway station
United Kingdom
Pelaw Junction where both the Tyne and Wear Metro green line to South Hylton joins the Durham Coast Line and yellow line continues to South Shields – both diverging on the bridge itself
Springhead Junction on the North Kent Line
Southfleet Junction on the HS1
Norton Bridge Junction near Stone, Staffordshire
Hamilton Square underground station, Birkenhead, on Merseyrail
Aynho Junction in Aynho, Northamptonshire
Worting Junction near Basingstoke, Hampshire (the flyover is called Battledown Flyover)
Cogload Junction near Taunton
Weaver Junction near Dutton, Cheshire
Shortlands Junction in south London
Northwest of Harrow-on-the-Hill, in the north London suburbs
Hitchin flyover, Hertfordshire.
Werrington Junction dive-under, under construction north of Peterborough (north of Hitchin)
Reading West Junction
Bleach Green Viaducts & Junction, Whiteabbey, Northern Ireland
United States
Amtrak
Along the New York–Washington section of the Northeast Corridor, and on the Philadelphia–Harrisburg section of the Keystone Corridor, converging at Zoo Junction near 30th Street Station in Philadelphia. All were built by the former Pennsylvania Railroad and are now maintained by Amtrak.
Boston, Massachusetts
An abandoned underground junction on the Tremont Street subway approaching the Pleasant Street incline
The two southern branches of the MBTA Red Line in Boston split via a flying junction just north of JFK/UMass station. In addition, lead tracks to Cabot Yard maintenance facilities branch off from the junction.
Chicago, Illinois
On the Chicago "L", where Orange Line trains diverge from Green Line trains north of 18th Street, as well as underground where a non-revenue flying junction separates Red Line trains heading to 95th from those heading to the South Side main line, currently used to send some rush-period Red Line trains to Ashland/63rd.
The Milwaukee–Dearborn subway (now part of the Blue Line) was constructed to have a flying junction where turning between Lake Street and Milwaukee Avenue at Canal Street. The outbound tunnel and its stub, designed to continue west under Lake Street, was bored at less depth than the inbound tunnel and its Lake Street stub, in order to allow future Lake Street trains (now part of the Green and (Pink Lines) to run under or over the opposing Milwaukee Avenue trains while entering or exiting the shared portion of the Lake Street tunnels. Plans in 1939 called for tunnels to replace the elevated Lake Street tracks east of approximately Racine Avenue. By 1962, the planned Lake Street tunnels to/from Racine Avenue would have curved south to Randolph Street and bypassed the Milwaukee-Lake-Dearborn tunnel entirely.
Another flying junction is under construction immediately north of Belmont/Sheffield to increase capacity on the Red Line, Brown Line, and Purple Line Express.
Denver, Colorado
On the Regional Transportation District in Denver between the Southeast Corridor and the I-225 Corridor: the Southeast Corridor is on the west side of I-25 and the I-225 Corridor is in the median of I-225. The grade separations of the junction are woven into the grade separations of the interchange between the two highways.
New York, New York
On the New York City Subway there is an above-ground example at Hammel's Wye on the IND Rockaway Line, as well as numerous below-ground examples across the network
Connecting Metro-North Railroad's New Haven Line and Harlem Line, near Wakefield station in the Bronx
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Amtrak's Zoo Junction is where the Northeast Corridor meets the Keystone Corridor. Also known as Zoo Interlocking, the name comes from the Philadelphia Zoo, which is located in the crescent shaped pocket between the junction and the river.
On the Broad Street subway to un-built spurs on Stenton Avenue, the Roosevelt Boulevard, and Passyunk Avenue
San Francisco Bay Area, California
The Oakland Wye, where all of Bay Area Rapid Transit's mainline operations converge near downtown Oakland
On the Market Street subway in San Francisco where the J Church and N Judah lines join the main line of the subway. The subway portal is east of the intersection of Church Street and Duboce Avenue in the Duboce Triangle neighborhood, immediately north of a Safeway supermarket and south of the San Francisco branch of the United States Mint.
Washington, District of Columbia
All main-line connections on the Washington Metro – adjacent to the Pepco power plant on Benning Road (near the Stadium-Armory station) is a large three-track structure with a turnback pocket where the Blue, Silver and Orange Lines meet. This would have been part of the Oklahoma Avenue station, had it been built. South of the King Street station in Alexandria is a series of tunnels where the Blue and Yellow Lines meet. There are also flying junctions near three underground rail stations: Rosslyn (Blue, Silver, and Orange Lines), L'Enfant Plaza (Green and Yellow lines), and the Pentagon (Blue and Yellow lines).
See also
Double junction
Interchange (road)
Notes
References
External links
WikiMapia link – aerial photo of Fretin triangle (mentioned above)
Photo link – flying junction on Pennsylvania Railroad north of 30th Street Station, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Photo link – simpler flying junction at terminus of Market–Frankford transit line, 69th Street Station, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Rail junction types
Railway bridges
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1093774
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20First%20Noel
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The First Noel
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"The First Nowell", also known as "The First Noel (or Noël)", is a traditional English Christmas carol with Cornish origins, most likely from the early modern period, although possibly earlier. It is listed as number 682 in the Roud Folk Song Index.
Origin
"The First Nowell" is of Cornish origin. Its current form was first published in Carols Ancient and Modern (1823) and Gilbert and Sandys Carols (1833), both of which were edited by William Sandys and arranged, edited and with extra lyrics written by Davies Gilbert for Hymns and Carols of God.
Nowell is an Early Modern English synonym of "Christmas" from French Noël "the Christmas season", ultimately from Latin natalis [dies] "[day] of birth". The word was regularly used in the burden of carols in the middle ages towards the early modern period; Sir Christèmas (Ritson Manuscript), "Nowell sing we now all and some" (Trinity Carol Roll) and "Nowel - out of youre slepe arise and wake" (Selden Carol Book) being 15th century examples.
The melody is unusual among English folk melodies in that it consists of one musical phrase repeated twice, followed by a refrain which is a variation on that phrase. All three phrases end on the third of the scale. Writing in the Journal of the Folk-Song Society in 1915, Anne Gilchrist notes it was not recorded prior to Sandys' publication. She speculated based on a set of church gallery parts discovered in Westmorland that the tune may have had its origin as a treble part to another carol "Hark, hark what news the angels bring"; her suggestion was that the treble part was passed down orally and was later remembered as the melody rather than a harmony. A conjectural reconstruction of this earlier version can be found in the New Oxford Book of Carols.
Today, "The First Nowell" is usually performed in a four-part hymn arrangement by the English composer John Stainer, first published in his Carols, New and Old in 1871. Variations of its theme are included in Victor Hely-Hutchinson's Carol Symphony.
American folklorist James Madison Carpenter made audio recordings of several traditional versions of the song in Cornwall in the early 1930s, which can be heard online via the Vaughan Williams Memorial Library.
Textual comparison
In common with many traditional songs and carols the lyrics vary across books. The versions compared below are taken from the New English Hymnal (1986) (which is the version used in Henry Ramsden Bramley and John Stainer's Carols, New and Old), Ralph Dunstan's gallery version in the Cornish Songbook (1929) and Reverend Charles Lewis Hutchins's version in Carols Old and Carols New (1916).
The Annunciation to the shepherds and the Adoration of the shepherds are episodes in the Nativity of Jesus described in the second chapter of the Gospel of Luke (Luke 2). The Star of Bethlehem appears in the story of the Magi (the Wise Men) in the Gospel of Matthew; it does not appear in the story of the shepherds.
Charts
Mariah Carey version
Glee Cast version
Gabby Barrett version
References
External links
Free arrangements for piano and voice from Cantorion.org
Christmas carols
Cornish folk songs
Crash Test Dummies songs
Bob Dylan songs
Elvis Presley songs
Songs about Jesus
Aly & AJ songs
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35804919
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey%20Kozlov%20%28cinematographer%29
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Sergey Kozlov (cinematographer)
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Sergei Kozlov (born June 15, 1964 Moscow) is an American cinematographer. He graduated from VGIK Film School in 1989.
Sergei Kozlov was a Director of Cinematography on Bridge awarded by Academy of Television Arts and Sciences Frank O'Connor Memorial Award (North Hollywood, California), also known as College Emmy Award.
He has won two Nika Awards and was nominated for a prime-time Emmy Award for outstanding cinematography for the NBC miniseries Merlin.
Selected filmography
The Aryan Couple (2004)
The Lion in Winter (2003)
Jason and the Argonauts (2001)
Merlin (1998)
The Odyssey (1997)
Bridge (1988)
References
External links
1964 births
American cinematographers
Living people
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46731929
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvey%20Eugene%20Oyer%20Jr.
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Harvey Eugene Oyer Jr.
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Harvey Eugene Oyer Jr. (March 31, 1926 – December 18, 2010) was a businessman and civic leader who served as Mayor of Boynton Beach, Florida. He was known widely as “Mr. Boynton Beach”.
Early life and family
Harvey Oyer was born at home in Boynton Beach, Florida, the son of Harvey E. Oyer and Lillian Frederica “Freda” Voss Oyer. A fourth generation Floridian, Oyer was the great grandson of pioneer settler Captain Hannibal Dillingham Pierce, who was one of the first non-Native Americans to settle in Southeast Florida, arriving in 1872. Pierce was one of several early settlers who planted thousands of coconuts salvaged from a Spanish shipwreck in 1878. The resulting acres of coconut palms eventually provided Palm Beach, West Palm Beach, and Palm Beach County with their respective names. Oyer was the grandson of Lillie Pierce Voss, the first white child born between Jupiter and Miami, an area that now has approximately six million people. She was inducted into the Florida Women%27s Hall of Fame in 2013. He was the grand nephew of Charles W. Pierce, who was elected a Great Floridian in 2009. Oyer gave the acceptance speech when Florida Governor Charlie Crist presented Pierce for induction as a Great Floridian. Oyer’s son, Harvey Eugene Oyer III, is the author of a best-selling children’s book series about Pierce, entitled The Adventures of Charlie Pierce.
Military and civic life
Oyer served in the United States Army in the South Pacific during World War II and in Europe during the Korean War. He retired from the U.S. Army Reserve with the rank of lieutenant colonel.
Oyer was elected to the Boynton Beach City Council in 1957 and was elected mayor in 1960 at the age of 34. He served in many civic leadership roles, including as President of the Boynton Beach Chamber of Commerce, the Boynton Beach Kiwanis Club, and the Boynton Beach Historical Society.
Honors
The City of Boynton Beach named a waterfront park along the Intracoastal Waterway and US-1 “Harvey E. Oyer Jr. Park” in 2011.
The City of Boynton Beach student scholarship program was renamed in Oyer’s honor in 2011.
The Boynton Beach Chamber of Commerce created the Harvey Oyer Community Involvement and Corporate Citizenship Award in 2014.
References
20th-century American businesspeople
1926 births
2010 deaths
United States Army personnel of World War II
United States Army reservists
United States Army colonels
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34461380
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Serebriany
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Joseph Serebriany
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Jasef Alexandrovich Serebriany () (April 25, 1907, Horodnia, Chernigov Governorate – 1979, Leningrad) was a Soviet Russian painter and stage decorator, who lived and worked in Leningrad, a member of the Leningrad Union of Artists, People's Artist of the Russian Federation, professor of the Repin Institute of Arts, regarded as one of the leading representatives of the Leningrad school of painting, well known for his portrait paintings.
Biography
In 1924-1927 studied in Tavricheskaya Art School in Leningrad. In 1927-1931 studied in Repin Institute of Arts, student of Mikhail Bobyshov, Arcady Rylov, Vasili Savinsky. Take place in Art Exhibitions since 1925. In 1931-1934 he worked as designer and stage decorator. In 1935–1941 years he painted mainly by the order in portrait and historical genre. In 1941-1945 during the Great Patriotic war and the blockade remained in Leningrad.
In 1947 Jasef Serebriany was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Arts of the USSR. In 1948-1979 he taught in the Repin Institute of Arts as a professor of painting and a head of personal workshop. In 1965 Jasef Serebriany was awarded an honorable title of People's Artist of the Russian Federation, in 1977 of the People's Artist of the USSR. Twice he was elected chairman of the Leningrad Union of Artists (1948–1952 and 1954–1958). In 1966 he was awarded the Silver Medal of the Academy of Fine Arts of the USSR for a portrait of Dmitry Shostakovich. His works reside in the State Russian Museum, Tretyakov Gallery, in many museums and private collections in Russia, France, Ukraine, Germany, and other countries.
See also
Leningrad School of Painting
List of 20th-century Russian painters
List of painters of Saint Petersburg Union of Artists
Saint Petersburg Union of Artists
References
Sources
Бойков В. Изобразительное искусство Ленинграда. Заметки о выставке ленинградских художников // Ленинградская правда, 1947, 29 ноября.
Выставка произведений ленинградских художников 1951 года. Каталог. М-Л., Искусство, 1951. C.22.
Двести лет Академии художеств СССР. Каталог выставки. Л-М., Искусство, 1958. C.236-237.
Выставка произведений ленинградских художников 1960 года. Каталог. Л., Художник РСФСР, 1961. C.38.
Республиканская художественная выставка «Советская Россия». Каталог. М., Советский художник, 1960. C.75.
Бетхер-Остренко И. Художественная летопись истории // Вечерний Ленинград, 1964, 28 января.
Ленинград. Зональная выставка. Л., Художник РСФСР, 1965. С.49.
Аникушин М. Солнце на полотнах // Ленинградская правда, 1964, 3 ноября.
Буткевич О. От находок к открытиям. Заметки с выставки «Ленинград» // Советская культура, 1964, 26 декабря.
Колесова О. Две тысячи встреч. На выставке «Ленинград» // Ленинградская правда, 1964, 4 ноября.
Вторая республиканская художественная выставка «Советская Россия». Каталог. М., Советский художник, 1965. С.36.
Колесова О. Широка страна моя ... Творческий отчёт ленинградских художников, посвящённый 50-летию образования СССР // Ленинградская правда, 1972, 23 сентября.
Богданов А. Славя страну труда Вечерний Ленинград, 1972, 10 октября.
Богданов А. Ярче, но и глубже // Вечерний Ленинград, 1973, 25 декабря.
Яковлева Л. Величие подвига // Вечерний Ленинград, 1975, 27 мая.
И. Мямлин. Сердце с правдой вдвоём… / Ленинградская правда, 1975, 1 июня.
Изобразительное искусство Ленинграда. Каталог выставки. Л., Художник РСФСР, 1976. C.30.
Справочник членов Союза художников СССР. Т.2 М., Советский художник, 1979. C.337.
Справочник членов Ленинградской организации Союза художников РСФСР. Л., Художник РСФСР, 1972. C.49.
Matthew Cullerne Bown. A Dictionary of Twentieth Century Russian And Soviet Painters. 1900 — 1980s. London. Izomar Limited, 1998.
Юбилейный Справочник выпускников Санкт-Петербургского академического института живописи, скульптуры и архитектуры имени И. Е. Репина Российской Академии художеств. 1915—2005. СПб., Первоцвет, 2007. С.35.
Государственный Русский музей. Живопись первой половины ХХ века (К) // Альманах. Вып.226. СПб., Palace Edition, 2008. С.15.
1907 births
1979 deaths
People from Horodnia
People from Chernigov Governorate
20th-century Russian painters
Russian male painters
People's Artists of the USSR (visual arts)
Soviet painters
Socialist realism
Members of the Leningrad Union of Artists
Socialist realism artists
Leningrad School artists
Russian portrait painters
Burials at Serafimovskoe Cemetery
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36313768
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niels%20Petersen%20%28sport%20shooter%29
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Niels Petersen (sport shooter)
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Niels Petersen (born 8 September 1932) is a Danish former sport shooter who competed in the 1960 Summer Olympics and in the 1964 Summer Olympics.
References
1932 births
Living people
Danish male sport shooters
ISSF rifle shooters
Olympic shooters of Denmark
Shooters at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Shooters at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Aarhus
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547383
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central%20Siberian%20Plateau
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Central Siberian Plateau
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The Central Siberian Plateau (; ) is a vast mountainous area in Siberia, one of the Great Russian Regions.
Geography
The plateau occupies a great part of central Siberia between the Yenisei and Lena rivers. It is located in the Siberian Platform and extends over an area of , between the Yenisei in the west and the Central Yakutian Lowland in the east. To the south it is bound by the Altai Mountains, Salair Ridge, Kuznetsk Alatau, the Eastern and Western Sayan Mountains and other mountains of Tuva, as well as the North Baikal Highlands and Baikal Mountains. To the north of the plateau lie the North Siberian Lowland and to the east the plateau gives way to the Central Yakutian Lowland and the Lena Plateau.
The surface of the Central Siberian Plateau is characterized by the alternation of wide plateaus and ridges, some of the latter sharply jagged. The Central Siberian Plateau covers one-third of Siberia.
Subplateaus and subranges
The system of the Central Siberian Plateau comprises a number of smaller plateaus and subranges, including, among others, the following:
Putorana Plateau, the northwesternmost, highest point Mount Kamen (highest of the plateau system)
Anabar Plateau at the northern end, highest point
Vilyuy Plateau, highest point
Syverma Plateau, highest point Nakson,
Tunguska Plateau, highest point
Lena Plateau, highest point
Lena-Angara Plateau, highest point Namai,
Yenisei Range, highest point
Angara Range, highest point
Climate
The climate is continental with short warm summers and long and severely cold winters. Most of the territory is covered with conifer forests (larch is especially abundant). The plateau's major river is the Lower Tunguska. Known geologically as the Siberian Traps, mineral resources here are very rich and include coal, iron ore, gold, platinum, diamonds and natural gas.
See also
Economy of Russia — Natural resources
South Siberian Mountains
Tunguska event
Udachnaya pipe
References
External links
The Demise of the Siberian Plume
№1 Travel Guide
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49167586
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve%20Articles%20%28disambiguation%29
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Twelve Articles (disambiguation)
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The Twelve Articles were part of the peasants' demands the 1525 German Peasants' War.
Twelve Articles may also refer to:
Twelve Articles of the Apostles' Creed
Twelve Articles of the Bill of Rights for approval while developing the United States Constitution during September 1789
Twelve Articles of the 1577 Formula of Concord
Twelve Articles of Faith, of the General Association of Baptists
Twelve articles of accusation, against Joan of Arc
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49409996
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACS%20Sporting%20Turnu%20M%C4%83gurele
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ACS Sporting Turnu Măgurele
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ACS Sporting Turnu Măgurele was a Romanian football club based in Turnu Măgurele, Teleorman County.
History
Sporting was founded in the summer of 2014, by Italian businessman Valter Raffini, the owner of Eurosiloz Company, to continue the football legacy of Turnu Măgurele, after the bankruptcy of Dunărea Turris Turnu Măgurele in 2013.
In the summer of 2016 the club withdrew from Liga III and then was dissolved.
Honours
Liga IV – Teleorman County
Winners (1): 2014–15
References
Association football clubs established in 2014
Association football clubs disestablished in 2016
Defunct football clubs in Romania
Football clubs in Teleorman County
Liga III clubs
Liga IV clubs
2014 establishments in Romania
2016 disestablishments in Romania
Turnu Măgurele
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22829227
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRP%20Jose%20Andrada%20%28PC-370%29
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BRP Jose Andrada (PC-370)
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The BRP Jose Andrada (PC-370) is the lead ship of the Jose Andrada class coastal patrol boats of the Philippine Navy. It is part of the first batch of its class ordered through U.S. Foreign Military Sales (FMS) in 1989, and was commissioned with the Philippine Navy on August 1990. It was initially designated as Fast Patrol Craft, and was numbered "DF-371", but later on was re-designated as a Patrol Gunboat, and was re-numbered as "PG-371", until another round of reclassification changed its hull number to "PC-370"
Notable Operations / Exercises
The Jose Andrada was part of a joint U.S.-Philippines search team of a MH-47E Chinook special operations helicopter that crashed in the Bohol Sea off Negros Island on 22 February 2002.
On March 13, 2013 while she was conducting maritime patrol together with BRP General Mariano Alvarez along the seawater off Omapoy Island and Bulo-Bulo Island, all of Sitangkai, Tawi-Tawi, they intercepted 2 watercraft loaded with 35 evacuees.
Technical Details
The ship was built to U.S. Coast Guard standards with aluminum hull and superstructure. She is powered by two Detroit Diesel 16V-92TA Diesel Engines with a combined power of around 2,800 hp driving two propellers for a maximum speed of . Maximum range is at , or alternatively at .
The ship originally designed to carry one bow Mk.3 40 mm gun, one 81 mm mortar aft, and four 12.7 mm/50 caliber machine guns. Instead, she is armed with only four M2HB Browning 12.7 mm/50 caliber machine guns on Mk.26 mounts, with two positioned forward and two aft; and two M60 7.62 mm/30 caliber machine guns, both mounted amidships. The ship can carry 4,000 rounds of 12.7 mm and 2,000 rounds of 7.62 mm. A large "Big Eyes" binocular is also carried on tripod mounts, one on the forecastle and one just above the mast.
As part of the first batch (PG-370 to PG-378), it is not equipped with Mk.38 Mod.0 M242 Bushmaster 25mm chain gun that her other sister ships carry. It was planned to install either a stabilized or unstabilized M242 25 mm Bushmaster chain gun on her bow after some minor modifications, but as of date has not materialized.
She is equipped with a Raytheon AN/SPS-64(V)11 surface search and navigation radar but with a smaller antenna as those used in bigger Philippine Navy ships.
A 4-meter rigid inflatable boat powered by a 40-hp outboard motor is stowed amidships.
Footnotes
References
External links
Philippine Navy Official website
Philippine Fleet Official Website
Philippine Defense Forum
Patrol vessels of the Philippine Navy
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5136051
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Lovering
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Joseph Lovering
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Joseph Lovering (25 December 1813 – 18 January 1892) was an American scientist and educator.
Biography
Lovering graduated from Harvard in 1833. In 1838, he was named Hollis Professor of mathematics and natural philosophy in Harvard. He held this chair until 1888, when he was appointed Professor Emeritus, after 50 years service. He was acting regent of the university (1853–1854) and succeeded Felton as regent.
He was director of Jefferson Physical Laboratory from 1884 to 1888, and was associated with the Harvard College Observatory, especially in the joint observations of the United States and the London Royal Society on terrestrial magnetism.
From 1869 to 1873 he served as corresponding secretary, from 1873 to 1880 vice president, and from 1880 to 1881 president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
He contributed to numerous scientific publications, prepared a volume on The Aurora Borealis (1873), and edited a new edition of Professor John Farrar's Electricity and Magnetism (1842).
In 1837, several Yale professors - Denison Olmsted, Alexander Twining, Elias Loomis, along with Edward Herrick had published papers supporting the existence of an annual meteor storm in August (which peaks around the 9th/10th of the month). Lovering was a strong opponent of this idea. He believed that meteor showers were related to the weather rather than "the Earth in its revolution had encroached upon a nest of meteors". He also did not believe that meteor showers recurred at the same dates annually. Instead, he said, "meteoritic appearances are much more common every night than has been imagined" and "no season of the year is especially provided : that about the same average number can be seen every fair night... an equal and uniform distribution of meteors throughout the year".
He was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society in 1881.
References
External links
National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir
1813 births
1892 deaths
American astronomers
19th-century American mathematicians
American science writers
Harvard University alumni
Harvard University faculty
Writers from Boston
Hollis Chair of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy
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30761335
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horsleys%20Green
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Horsleys Green
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Horsleys Green (often incorrectly referred to as Horsley's Green) is a hamlet located on the A40 between Piddington and Stokenchurch in Buckinghamshire, England. It consists of a few houses situated either side of a narrow lane.
Geography
Horsleys Green is located about 2 miles east of the village of Stokenchurch, in a group of four hamlets either side of the A40 known collectively as 'Studley Green' - the other three hamlets are Beacon's Bottom, Studley Green and Waterend. It lies amongst woodland, within the Chiltern Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty: to the north is Third's Wood, with Fillington Wood to the east and Watercroft Wood and Dell's Wood to the south.
History
Settlement at Horsleys Green dates back to at least the seventeenth century, with some of these properties, such as Old Beckings and Horsleys Green Manor, still in use today. It was originally known as Ostlers Green, which suggests there may have been stables connected with the settlement (Ostlers being an archaic word for stablemen). The Captains Pond, which was located at the north of the hamlet, continued to provide refreshment to the horses of travellers staying at the Harrow, a nearby public house. By the 1880s, the name had changed to Horslers Green, and later it became Horsleys Green.
During the Second World War, a camp school for disabled evacuees from London was established in Horsleys Green, run by the government-formed National Camps Corporation. After the war, such camp schools were offered for sale, and ownership of the school at Horsleys Green passed into the hands of Lancashire County Council in 1947. From April of that year the Lancashire Education Committee ran an all-boys boarding school on the site. Initially, this school was known as Stokenchurch School, but the name changed to Horsley's Green School in 1950.
In 1971, the grounds were acquired by Wycliffe Bible Translators, as 'Reasonable Equivalent Accommodation' for their previous base in Bletchingley, which was subject to a compulsory purchase order for the construction of the M23. Lancashire County Council had also had offers for the site from a government department, but Wycliffe's bid had been accepted by a majority of one vote. After taking possession on 8 November, Wycliffe expanded the site with additional wooden buildings bought from various sources, including Twickenham Grammar School. A few years later, in May 1975, the kitchen and dining room complex had to be rebuilt following a fire.
Wycliffe Bible Translators used the site as their UK headquarters until September 2013. Known as 'The Wycliffe Centre', the site served as a base for training in cross-cultural language work under the 'European Training Programme', and as a Christian conference centre with facilities for 160 guests. The buildings were named after individuals involved in Bible translation, such as William Carey, Henry Martyn and James O. Fraser. More recent buildings were built on the site since the 1970s: Tyndale and Aylward were built in the 1980s, and Bede followed in 1998.
Landmarks
Old Beckings (formerly known as The Old House) is a Grade II listed house built in the 17th century. Horsleys Green Manor is also Grade II listed, with deeds dating back to 1630, although it was possibly built in the 16th century. The manor used to have cottages connected with the estate, and material from three of these cottages was used to extend the manor house. Originally, all of the windows were north-facing. The property suffered fire damage in 1948, but this was only minimal and contained to a small part of the building.
Governance
Horsleys Green, together with the other hamlets within the Studley Green area, is within the civil parish of Stokenchurch, in the Stokenchurch and Radnage ward of Wycombe District Council. It is in the parliamentary constituency of Aylesbury.
Amenities
Public transport
There are local bus services from nearby in Studley Green to High Wycombe, Stokenchurch, Thame, Lane End, and other villages in between. These services are operated by Arriva Shires & Essex and Carousel Buses. The services are fairly frequent, although Arriva reduced their evening and Sunday services in May 2011.
Education
Wycliffe Bible Translators used to run a nursery school called Little Fishes Day Nursery at the Wycliffe Centre. This was originally started to provide care for children of linguistics students, but grew to accommodate 80 children from the local area. It closed in September 2005.
Notes
References
Bibliography
External links
Stokenchurch Parish Council
Horsleys Green School: Old Boys and Staff Website
The Wycliffe Centre
Hamlets in Buckinghamshire
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126161
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20Valley%2C%20New%20York
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Great Valley, New York
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Great Valley is a town in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. The population was 1,974 at the 2010 census. The town is named after its local geographical setting, a relative comparison of two tributaries (the other being the neighboring Little Valley) of the Allegheny River.
The town of Great Valley is centrally located in the county, northeast of the city of Salamanca.
History
The town's area was first settled circa 1812. The Town of Great Valley was formed in 1818, taken from part of the town of Olean. In 1831, the town of Burton was made from the southeast part of Great Valley, and in 1842 the town of Carrollton was made from the southwest part of Great Valley.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and , or 0.07%, is water.
The Allegheny River flows through the southeast corner of the town, and Great Valley Creek is an important stream in the town.
U.S. Route 219 is a major north-south highway in the town and intersects New York State Route 98 in Great Valley village.
Adjacent towns and areas
Great Valley is south of the town of Ellicottville and north of the town of Carrollton. The west boundary is formed by the towns of Salamanca and Little Valley, as well as the city of Salamanca and the Allegany Reservation. Great Valley's east boundary is formed with the towns of Humphrey and Allegany. A very small part of southwestern Great Valley borders the town of Red House.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,145 people, 843 households, and 596 families residing in the town. The population density was 42.8 people per square mile (16.5/km2). There were 1,196 housing units at an average density of 23.8 per square mile (9.2/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 96.36% White, 0.79% African American, 1.17% Native American, 0.70% Asian, 0.47% from other races, and 0.51% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.93% of the population.
There were 843 households, out of which 30.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.8% were married couples living together, 7.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.2% were non-families. 24.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 2.98.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.0% under the age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 27.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.7 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $37,784, and the median income for a family was $42,209. Males had a median income of $31,581 versus $21,792 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,749. About 3.1% of families and 6.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.9% of those under age 18 and 6.3% of those age 65 or over.
Notable people
DeHart H. Ames, former New York state senator
Chauncey J. Fox, former New York state senator
Nelson I. Norton, former US congressman
Communities and locations in Great Valley
Allegany Reservation – Part of the Iroquois reservation is in the southwest corner of the town.
Allegany State Park – A small section of the park is in the southwest corner of the town.
Great Valley – the hamlet of Great Valley is centrally located in the town. The town is at the convergence of County Roads 18 and 38, NY-98, as well as US 219. Great Valley Creek flows southward through the community.
Great Valley Airport (N56) - A general aviation airstrip with a turf runway (Runway 6-24, length 3800 feet), operated by and adjacent to Katy's Fly-In Restaurant (formerly Eddy's). It is about one mile southwest of the hamlet of Great Valley.
Great Valley Creek – A stream that flows into the town at the north town line and out the southeast corner of the town to join the Allegheny River in Salamanca, New York.
Holiday Valley Resort – A ski resort that straddles the town's northern border with Ellicottville.
Kill Buck – A hamlet east of Salamanca on Route 219, named after a chief of a local tribe.
Peth – A hamlet southwest of Great Valley village on US Route 219, at the terminus of County Route 67.
Rock City and McCarty Hill State Forests – A sprawling state forest, covering the northwestern corner of Great Valley and covering portions of several surrounding towns.
Salamanca – A small part of the city of Salamanca overlaps the southwest corner of the town.
Sugartown – A hamlet northeast of Great Valley village, near the east town line on NY Route 98.
Willoughby – A hamlet east of Great Valley village on County Road 18.
The seasonal theme park Pumpkinville is in the neighboring town of Humphrey but carries a Great Valley mailing address.
Transportation
Great Valley Airport is located one nautical mile (1.85 km) southeast of the central business district of Great Valley.
The Buffalo and Pittsburgh Railroad runs a line through Great Valley, paralleling Route 219. It is used almost exclusively for freight; no passenger service is available on the line.
Education
Public school students mostly attend Ellicottville Central School, which contrary to its name is located in the northern part of the Town of Great Valley. A public school operated in Great Valley until the early 1970s; much of the lot on which the now-demolished building once stood remains vacant (part has been used for a post office), and the street serving the school (School Street) has since been removed, with only a sidewalk remaining.
Religion
Two churches, one a United Methodist Church (formerly part of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ and Evangelical United Brethren Church before 1968) and one a Baptist church, are located next to each other in the hamlet of Great Valley. An additional United Methodist Church in Sugartown, dating to before the merger with the Brethren, operated until 1981 before merging with its nearby counterpart. Healing Reigns Fellowship is located in Kill Buck.
References
External links
Town of Great Valley official website
Early history of Great Valley
Towns in New York (state)
Towns in Cattaraugus County, New York
1818 establishments in New York (state)
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14244631
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20at%20the%202012%20Summer%20Olympics
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Football at the 2012 Summer Olympics
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The association football tournament at the 2012 Summer Olympics was held from 25 July to 11 August, and was the only sport to begin before the official opening day of the Olympic Games, two days before the opening ceremony. It was also the only sport to be held at multiple venues outside London (the host city of the Olympics), with Manchester, Glasgow, Newcastle, Coventry and Cardiff all hosting matches. The finals were played at Wembley Stadium. Associations affiliated with FIFA were invited to send their senior women's and men's under-23 national teams to participate; men's teams were allowed to augment their squads with three players over the age of 23. Five hundred and four football players competed for two sets of gold medals.
For these games, the men competed in a 16-team tournament and the women in a 12-team tournament. The draw for the tournament took place on 24 April 2012.
Venues
There were six stadiums that hosted matches: The stadiums represent London itself and South East England, the English Midlands, North West England and North East England in England, as well as Scotland and Wales.
NOTE: Ricoh Arena was known as the City of Coventry Stadium due to the no-commercialization policy.
Competition schedule
Qualified nations
Men's tournament
Locations are those of final tournaments, various qualification stages may precede matches at these specific venues.
Senior ranking shown for comparison only. This is an under-23 competition, which does not award ranking points for the FIFA World Rankings, neither takes it into consideration.
England's ranking.
Women's tournament
Locations are those of final tournaments, various qualification stages may precede matches at these specific venues.
England's ranking.
United Kingdom/Great Britain teams
A men's football team representing Great Britain competed in the Olympics until 1972, albeit failing to qualify for the main tournament after 1960.After the Football Association abolished the distinction between amateur and professionals, a ruling which came into force in 1974 Great Britain did not subsequently attempt to qualify in football, although after the rules on Olympic eligibility were relaxed in 1984, they would have been permitted to do so.
On 24 August 2008, British Prime Minister Gordon Brown suggested that the presence of a GB team at the 2012 games was "vital". He said that he had approached Manchester United manager Alex Ferguson to coach such a team. The Scottish, Welsh and Northern Irish football associations opposed such a move in case it would affect their status within the governing body of football, FIFA.
On 29 May 2009, after last-ditch talks prompted by a FIFA deadline to settle the row, the four associations sent a letter to FIFA stating that while the Scottish, Welsh and Northern Irish associations would not participate in a unified UK men's or women's teams at the Olympic Games, they would not prevent England from fielding teams under that banner.
However, Britain's FIFA Vice-President Jim Boyce stated that Gareth Bale, Aaron Ramsey, Craig Bellamy, Charlie Adam and other non-English players would have the legal right to be considered for Team GB at the London 2012 Olympics. The deal among the four "home nations" was challenged by the British Olympic Association. Boyce said there was no legal restriction as to why a player from Wales, Scotland or Northern Ireland could be stopped from playing.
Ultimately, five Welsh players were included in the 2012 Great Britain Olympic football squad, with Ryan Giggs – included as one of the three players over the age of 23 permitted – selected as team captain. Giggs would score during the tournament, in a 3–1 defeat of the United Arab Emirates at Wembley. None of the Great Britain men's football squad came from Scotland or Northern Ireland.
Tie breakers
This tournament differs from other modern major international football tournaments, in that head-to-head records is not the primary way to break ties.
The ranking of the teams in each group shall be determined as follows:
greatest number of points obtained in all group matches;
goal difference in all group matches;
greatest number of goals scored in all group matches;
greatest number of points obtained in all group matches between the teams concerned;
goal difference resulting from all group matches between the teams concerned;
greatest number of goals scored in all group matches between the teams concerned;
drawing of lots by the FIFA Organising Committee.
Men's tournament
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Knockout stage
Squad restrictions
The same restrictions used for recent Olympiads are applied, in which each squad is to consist of eighteen players, of which no more than three may be over the age of 23 before the beginning of the next year. In the case of the 2012 Summer Olympics, this restricts players born before 1 January 1989.
Women's tournament
Group E
Group F
Group G
Knockout stage
Squad restrictions
There were no age restrictions in the women's tournament.
Medal summary
Medal table
Medalists
Notable events and controversies
South Korean political statements
After South Korea defeated Japan in the Bronze Medal match at Millennium Stadium in Cardiff on 10 August, South Korean player Park Jong-woo walked around the field holding a banner with a message written in Korean, "독도는 우리 땅!" (dokdo neun uri ttang lit. "Dokdo is our territory!). As both IOC and FIFA statutes prohibit any political statements being made by athletes at their respective sporting events, the IOC barred Park from the bronze medal ceremony and did not permit him to receive his medal. In addition, it asked FIFA to discipline Park, and stated that it may decide on further sanctions at a later date. FIFA failed to reach a conclusion on the case at a meeting at its Zürich headquarters held on 5 October, and the disciplinary committee discussed the case again on the following week, then failed to reach a verdict again. The case was heard again by the committee on 20 November, and FIFA decided on 3 December to suspend Park for two matches after he was considered to have breached the FIFA Disciplinary Code and the Regulations of the Olympic Football Tournaments. FIFA also imposed a warning on the Korea Football Association and reminded it of its obligation to properly instruct its players on all the pertinent rules and applicable regulations before the start of any competition, in order to avoid such incident in the future. The Korea Football Association was warned that should incidents of such nature occur again in the future, the FIFA Disciplinary Committee may impose harsher sanctions on the Korea Football Association.
Iranian women's team dress code violations
Iran's women's team and three Jordanian players were banned during the second round of the Asian qualification tournament due to not adhering to FIFA dress code; the players were allowed to play while covering their head in the first round. FIFA banned the hijab in 2007, although FIFA now allows the hijab to be worn after overturning the 2007 decision in 2012.
Use of incorrect flag for North Korea
Following the South Korean flag being put on display on the stadium screen at Hampden Park when the teams were being announced before the Colombia versus North Korea women's match, the North Korea team protested against this action by refusing to take to the pitch. As a result of the wrong flag being displayed, the kick-off was delayed.
Canada–United States semi-final
During the semi-final match between Canada and the United States, a time-wasting call was made against the Canadian goalkeeper, Erin McLeod, when she held the ball longer than the allowed six seconds. This violation is called in international play, and is intended to be used during instances of time-wasting. As a result, the American side was awarded an indirect free-kick in the box. On the ensuing play, Canada was penalized for a handball in the penalty box, with the American team being awarded a penalty kick, which Abby Wambach converted to tie the game at 3–3. The Americans went on to win the match in extra time, advancing to the gold medal game. After the match, Canada forward Christine Sinclair stated, "the ref decided the result before the game started." FIFA responded by stating that the refeering decisions were correct and saying it was considering disciplinary action against Sinclair, but that any disciplinary action would be postponed until after the end of the tournament.
See also
Football 5-a-side at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
Football 7-a-side at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
References
External links
O
2012 Summer Olympics events
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
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3980101
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-monoid
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N-monoid
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In category theory, a (strict) n-monoid is an n-category with only one 0-cell. In particular, a 1-monoid is a monoid and a 2-monoid is a strict monoidal category.
References
Further reading
Higher category theory
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12476361
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20Catholic%20Diocese%20of%20San%20Mart%C3%ADn%20in%20Argentina
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Roman Catholic Diocese of San Martín in Argentina
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The Roman Catholic Diocese of San Martín is located in the city of San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina. It was established by Saint John XXIII on 10 April 1961.
Bishops
Ordinaries
Manuel Menéndez (bishop) (1961–1991)
Luis Héctor Villalba (1991–1999), appointed Archbishop of Tucumán; future Cardinal
Raúl Omar Rossi (2000–2003)
Guillermo Rodríguez Melgarejo (2003–2018)
Miguel Ángel D’Annibale (2018-2020)
Martín Fassi (2020-
Auxiliary bishops
Horacio Alberto Bózzoli (1973-1975), appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Buenos Aires
Han Lim Moon (2014-
References
External links
San Martin
San Martin
San Martin
San Martin
1961 establishments in Argentina
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1323096
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim%20McIlrath
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Tim McIlrath
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Timothy James McIlrath (born November 3 1979) is an American rock musician. He is the lead singer, rhythm guitarist, songwriter and co-founder of the American punk rock band Rise Against. He is vegan and straight edge.
Early and personal life
McIlrath was born in 1978 to Jim and Michelle McIlrath. He attended Rolling Meadows High School in Rolling Meadows, IL. This was also the set for the music video, "Make It Stop (September's Children)." In college (Northeastern Illinois University), McIlrath majored in English and Sociology. In his junior year, he met Joe Principe at a Sick of It All concert. Principe asked McIlrath to sing over a few tracks that he and Dan Wleklinski had recorded. It was at this time that Transistor Revolt was formed and McIlrath left college.
McIlrath has a condition called heterochromia, where his left eye is blue and his right eye is hazel.
Music career
Baxter (1995–1999)
McIlrath began his musical career in his teens and was active in the Chicago local punk rock scene. His first band was the post-hardcore band Baxter, formed in 1995 along with future The Lawrence Arms drummer Neil Hennessy and future Killing Tree and Holy Roman Empire bassist Geoff Reu.
Their first release was a full length, self-released, cassette, Troy's Bucket, which was released in 1996. Troy's Bucket was met with warm reception from the scene, and Baxter became a popular band in the Chicago underground scene.
In 1997 they released a 7" EP Lost Voices on Static Station Records. After some local touring, the band split up.
McIlrath played bass and sang backup in the first incarnation of The Honor System. He sang one song on their demo. He and drummer Neil Hennesy were also in a brief lineup of the grindcore band Yellow Road Priest, whose members went on to form Pelican. The band broke up in 1999.
Arma Angelus (1998–1999)
McIlrath joined the band Arma Angelus, a Chicago metalcore band fronted by Pete Wentz, who would later be bassist in the pop punk band Fall Out Boy. McIlrath played bass in the band until 1999 when he quit to form Transistor Revolt, which became Rise Against, and The Killing Tree.
Rise Against (1999–present)
In 1999, Tim McIlrath formed the band that would become Rise Against with former 88 Fingers Louie bassist, Joe Principe, guitarist Dan Precision (A.K.A. Mr. Precision), and drummer Toni Tintari under the name 'Transistor Revolt'. Drummer Brandon Barnes did not join until 2001; it was at the same time the band was renamed Rise Against. They officially recorded their debut album The Unraveling on Fat Wreck Chords in 2001.
In 2002 guitarist Mr. Precision left due to arguments with the band, and Todd Mohney filled his role. Later that year they released their second album Revolutions per Minute which was greeted with warm success. They toured the U.S. steadily that year, though by the end of it, Mohney left. In order to replace him, former Reach the Sky guitarist Chris Chasse joined in 2004 and they released their Geffen debut Siren Song of the Counter Culture.
With the release of the singles "Give It All", "Swing Life Away", and "Life Less Frightening", Rise Against became more popular with mainstream fans, but still kept their underground sensibility. After more touring (including a European tour and spots on the Vans Warped tour), the band went back to the studio and recorded their fourth album The Sufferer & the Witness, which included four singles ("Ready to Fall, "Prayer of the Refugee", "The Good Left Undone", and "Behind Closed Doors".)
As of 2021, McIlrath has recorded nine studio albums with Rise Against (The Unraveling, Revolutions per Minute, Siren Song of the Counter Culture, The Sufferer & the Witness, Appeal to Reason, Endgame, The Black Market, Wolves and Nowhere Generation), as well as a compilation album (The Ghost Note Symphonies, Vol. 1), and has remained as the main lyricist of the band.
The Killing Tree (1999–2006)
McIlrath has played in his metalcore side project The Killing Tree along with former Rise Against guitarist Todd Mohney and former Baxter and Holy Roman Empire bassist, Geoff Reu. During the early years of the band, all members used pseudonyms (Tim's being James Kaspar) out of concern for it. The Killing Tree has not produced any music or toured since 2004, but contributed their previously unreleased song "Dressed to Fuck" on the 2006 Thick Records compilation album Hair: Chicago Punk Cuts, which featured Emily Schambra (of Holy Roman Empire) as guest vocals on the song. Schambra also contributed backing vocals on Rise Against's album The Sufferer & the Witness for the songs "The Approaching Curve", "Roadside", and the b-side "But Tonight We Dance".
Activism
When the band first began, McIlrath stated how they weren't seeking to gather such a large audience in their pursuit for originality and social justice that defined them as the "black sheep" of punk rock. The original goal of the band was only to create music, never seen as a long-term group until the band came to a realization of similar activist beliefs that led McIlrath to describe music as a vessel for change. These beliefs started to get integrated into the music most prominently after the release of The Sufferer & The Witness, when McIlrath said that he sought to make a difference in the world he lives in as opposed to being one of the bands in the punk/hardcore scene today that are[n't] saying anything important".
Political lyrics
Having not grown up in a political family, McIlrath says that he was never particularly involved until he began playing punk rock. After entering the music scene, though, he began to feel a strong connection towards his convictions, specifically animal and human rights. While Rise Against's most popular songs are not political, songs such as "Swing Life Away" and "Make It Stop" have risen to prominence as McIlrath seeks to speak to a generation that he believes is lacking conviction towards their world, as explained throughout the storytelling narrative of the band's albums. The band has begun to seek after more politically and socially challenging lyrics as time progresses, responding to current events such as the song "Help Is On The Way" and its use of support for victims of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.
PETA
McIlrath became a vegetarian at the age of eighteen as a result of his own understanding of the meat-industry as opposed to having it "shoved. . .down my throat." The realization of PETA, an animal rights support group, came through the music scene and McIlrath's own realization of the events that occur within meat processing and inhumane conditions that animals are forced to live in. As time went on, these beliefs got integrated into his lyric writing such as Rise Against video for the single "Ready to Fall" contains footage of factory farming, rodeos, and sport hunting, as well as deforestation, melting ice caps, and forest fires. The group has called the video the most important video they have ever made. In February 2012 the band released a cover of the Bob Dylan song "Ballad of Hollis Brown" as part of a benefit for Amnesty International. After the release of the film Black Fish, McIlrath worked with PETA to create a video in support of releasing animals in captivity, exclaiming how "I make a choice every time I go out on stage, I choose to perform. Animals in captivity don't get to make that choice".
Straight edge ideals
McIlrath, along with most of the rest of Rise Against, follows the subculture ideology of "straight edge", a belief that promotes refrain from using alcohol, tobacco and other recreational drugs, in a reaction to the excesses of punk subculture.
Discography
With Rise Against
Transistor Revolt (2000)
The Unraveling (2001)
Revolutions per Minute (2003)
Siren Song of the Counter Culture (2004)
The Sufferer & the Witness (2006)
This Is Noise (2007)
Appeal to Reason (2008)
Endgame (2011)
The Black Market (2014)
Wolves (2017)
The Ghost Note Symphonies, Vol. 1 (2018)
Nowhere Generation (2021)
With The Killing Tree
Bury Me at Make-Out Creek (2000)
The Romance of Helen Trent (2002)
We Sing Sin (2003)
Hair: Chicago Punk Cuts (compilation, "Dressed to Fuck" only) (2006)
With Baxter
Troy's Bucket full-length cassette (1996)
Lost Voices... 7" (Static Station Recordings, 1997)
Eastman & Evergreen (1999)
Baxter two-disc CD compilation (Will Not Clear Man, 2003)
With Arma Angelus
The Grave End of the Shovel (2001)
Things We Don't Like We Destroy (compilation) (2002)
With The Honor System
Single File (four song cassette demo only).
With Flobots
Survival Story ("White Flag Warrior") (2010).
References
External links
The Killing Tree's Website (Hasn't been updated since 2004)
Rise Against's Official Website
The Killing Tree's Website (archived)
1978 births
Living people
American male singer-songwriters
American punk rock singers
American heavy metal singers
American punk rock guitarists
Singer-songwriters from Illinois
Northeastern Illinois University alumni
American multi-instrumentalists
American rock songwriters
American agnostics
People from Arlington Heights, Illinois
Guitarists from Illinois
American male guitarists
21st-century American singers
21st-century American guitarists
21st-century American male singers
The Honor System (band) members
Rise Against members
Arma Angelus members
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny%20Says%20Ho
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Johnny Says Ho
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Johnny Says Ho: The Christmas EP is an album by Johnny Goudie which was sent out as a Christmas gift to his fan club in 2001. It is composed of recordings from live acoustic radio appearances, cover songs, and original demos.
Track listing
"Already Here" (live on Radio with Jeff Klein)
"Dear Preudence" (Beatles cover)
"I am Falling"
"Why Can't You Just Fake It?"
"Cry Baby Cry" (Beatles cover)
"Upside Down and Pink" (live on radio)
"Ashes to Ashes" (David Bowie cover)
"Monkey"
"Crimson & Clover" (Tommy James and the Shondells cover)
"Already Here"
2001 albums
Johnny Goudie albums
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55394418
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmou
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Gurmou
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Gurmou is a village in Kamrup rural district, in the state of Assam, India, situated in north bank of river Brahmaputra.
Transport
The village is located north of National Highway 27 and connected to nearby towns and cities like Rangiya and Guwahati with regular buses and other modes of transportation.
See also
Gerua
Gosaihat
References
Villages in Kamrup district
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66053265
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Wicked%20Earl
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The Wicked Earl
|
The Wicked Earl is a 1927 comedy play by the British-American writer Walter C. Hackett. A British earl travels to New Mexico to find out more about his heritage.
It ran for 31 performances at His Majesty's Theatre in London's West End. The original cast included Cyril Maude, Alfred Drayton, Marion Lorne, Joyce Kennedy, Stella Arbenina, George Bellamy, O.B. Clarence and Sam Livesey.
References
Bibliography
Wearing, J.P. The London Stage 1920-1929: A Calendar of Productions, Performers, and Personnel. Rowman & Littlefield, 2014.
1927 plays
West End plays
Comedy plays
Plays by Walter C. Hackett
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54151445
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Results%20breakdown%20of%20the%202013%20Portuguese%20local%20elections%20%28municipal%20councils%29
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Results breakdown of the 2013 Portuguese local elections (municipal councils)
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This is the results breakdown of the Portuguese local elections, 2013 for the Municipal Councils held on 29 September 2013. The following tables show detailed results in each of the country's 18 districts and 2 autonomous regions and a table with the detailed results from the most populous cities in the country.
National summary of votes and seats
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=left|Parties
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Votes
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|%
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|±pp swing
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Candidacies
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center"|Councillors
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center"|Mayors
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! align="center"|#
! align="center"|±
! align="center"|#
! align="center"|±
|-
|
|1,812,029||36.26||1.4||303||923||2||149||17
|-
|
|834,455||16.70||6.3||201||531||135||86||31
|-
|
|552,690||11.06||1.3||288||213||39||34||6
|-
|style="width: 10px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" |
|align=left|Social Democratic / People's Party
|379,110||7.59||2.1||73||154||3||16||3
|-
|style="width: 8px" bgcolor=gray align="center" |
|align=left|Independents
|344,531||6.89||2.8||94||112||45||13||6
|-
|
|152,073||3.04||0.1||143||47||16||5||4
|-
|
|120,982||2.42||0.6||109||8||1||0||1
|-
|style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" |
|align=left|PSD / CDS–PP / MPT
|100,437||2.01||2.0||6||11||2||0||0
|-
|style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" |
|align=left|PSD / CDS–PP / PPM
|94,015||1.88||0.1||4||21||6||2||1
|-
|style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" |
|align=left|PSD / PPM
|65,102||1.30||—||7||21||—||1||—
|-
|style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" |
|align=left|PSD / PPM / MPT
|43,312||0.87||—||7||7||—||0||—
|-
|style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" |
|align=left|PSD/ CDS–PP / MPT / PPM
|23,551||0.47||2.5||4||14||7||1||0
|-
|
|23,276||0.47||0.3||27||0||0||0||0
|-
|style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF66FF align="center" |
|align=left|PS / BE / PND / MPT / PTP / PAN
|21,102||0.42||—||1||5||—||1||—
|-
|style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" |
|align=left|PSD / MPT / PPM
|19,804||0.40||—||4||4||—||0||—
|-
|
|16,233||0.32||—||8||0||—||0||—
|-
|style="width: 8px" bgcolor=#0093DD align="center" |
|align=left|CDS–PP / MPT / PPM
|9,299||0.19||—||7||1||—||0||—
|-
|style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" |
|align=left|PSD/ CDS–PP / PPM / MPT
|8,918||0.18||1.1||4||4||5||0||1
|-
|style="width: 10px" bgcolor=#CC0033 align="center" |
|align=left|Labour
|8,552||0.17||—||22||0||—||0||—
|-
|
|6,660||0.13||0.1||8||2||0||0||0
|-
|style="width: 8px" bgcolor=#0093DD align="center" |
|align=left|People's Party / Social Democratic
|4,656||0.09||—||4||4||—||0||—
|-
|style="width: 8px" bgcolor=#005FAD align="center" |
|align=left|PPM / PND / PPV
|3,634||0.07||—||1||0||—||0||—
|-
|
|3,002||0.06||0.1||6||0||0||0||0
|-
|style="width: 8px" bgcolor=#0093DD align="center" |
|align=left|People's Party / Earth Party
|2,931||0.06||0.1||3||0||0||0||0
|-
|style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF66FF align="center" |
|align=left|PS / PTP / PND / BE
|2,157||0.04||—||1||1||—||0||—
|-
|style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" |
|align=left|Social Democratic / Earth Party
|1,897||0.04||—||2||3||—||0||—
|-
|
|1,272||0.03||0.1||1||0||1||0||0
|-
|style="width: 8px" bgcolor=#005FAD align="center" |
|align=left|PPM / PPV
|856||0.02||—||1||0||—||0||—
|-
|
|455||0.01||0.0||1||0||0||0||0
|-
|style="width: 10px" bgcolor=#000080 align="center" |
|align=left|Portugal Pro-Life
|338||0.01||—||1||0||—||0||—
|-
|colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total valid
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|4,657,329
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|93.18
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|3.8
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|—
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|2,086
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|8
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|308
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|0
|-
|colspan=2|Blank ballots
|193,471||3.87||2.2||colspan=5 rowspan=3|
|-
|colspan=2|Invalid ballots
|147,205||2.95||1.7
|-
|colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total (turnout 52.60%)
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|4,998,005
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|100.00
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|6.4
|-
| colspan=11 align=left | Source: Autárquicas 2013 Resultados Oficiais
|}
Results by District
Aveiro
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=left|Parties
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Votes
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|%
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|±pp swing
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Candidacies
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center"|Councillors
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center"|Mayors
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! align="center"|#
! align="center"|±
! align="center"|#
! align="center"|±
|-
|
|119,007||33.48||2.8||19||53||1||5||0
|-
|
|114,943||32.34||4.1||15||56||6||9||2
|-
|
|30,216||8.50||1.3||15||13||6||2||2
|-
|style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" |
|align=left|PSD / CDS–PP / PPM
|16,694||4.70||—||4||5||—||1||—
|-
|
|14,503||4.08||1.0||19||0||0||0||0
|-
|style="width: 10px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" |
|align=left|Social Democratic / People's Party
|12,152||3.42||6.2||2||6||8||1||0
|-
|style="width: 8px" bgcolor=gray align="center" |
|align=left|Independents
|11,835||3.33||1.5||4||5||1||1||1
|-
|
|7,982||2.25||0.2||10||0||0||0||0
|-
|style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" |
|align=left|PSD/ CDS–PP / MPT / PPM
|3,475||0.98||—||1||3||—||0||—
|-
|
|235||0.07||—||1||0||—||0||—
|-
|
|123||0.03||—||1||0||—||0||—
|-
|colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total valid
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|319,031
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|93.16
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|3.8
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|—
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|141
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|2
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|19
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|0
|-
|colspan=2|Blank ballots
|14,778||4.16||2.3||colspan=5 rowspan=3|
|-
|colspan=2|Invalid ballots
|9,527||2.68||1.5
|-
|colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total (turnout 54.18%)
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|343,483
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|100.00
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|6.6
|-
| colspan=11 align=left | Source: Autárquicas 2013 Resultados Oficiais
|}
Beja
In Beja, despite gaining votes overall, the PS lost two mayorships to the CDU; Cuba, and the district's capital, Beja.
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=left|Parties
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Votes
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|%
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|±pp swing
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Candidacies
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center"|Councillors
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center"|Mayors
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! align="center"|#
! align="center"|±
! align="center"|#
! align="center"|±
|-
|
|36,702||44.50||1.7||14||39||1||6||2
|-
|
|31,855||38.63||1.2||14||34||1||8||2
|-
|style="width: 10px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" |
|align=left|Social Democratic / People's Party
|5,257||6.37||4.3||11||2||2||0||0
|-
|style="width: 8px" bgcolor=gray align="center" |
|align=left|Independents
|2,465||2.99||2.4||3||2||2||0||0
|-
|
|1,746||2.12||5.4||2||1||3||0||0
|-
|
|704||0.85||0.9||3||0||0||0||0
|-
|colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total valid
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|78,729
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|95.46
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|1.6
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|—
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|78
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|1
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|14
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|0
|-
|colspan=2|Blank ballots
|2,134||2.59||0.9||colspan=5 rowspan=3|
|-
|colspan=2|Invalid ballots
|1,607||1.95||0.7
|-
|colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total (turnout 62.35%)
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|82,545
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|100.00
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|2.6
|-
| colspan=11 align=left | Source: Autárquicas 2013 Resultados Oficiais
|}
Braga
In Braga, the PS gained the mayorship in Amares (from an Independent) and Barcelos (from a PSD/CDS-PP/PPM joint list), but lost two other mayorships, in Vieira do Minho and the capital city of Braga (to a PSD/CDS-PP joint list in Viera do Minho and a PSD/CDS-PP/PPM joint list in Braga.)
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=left|Parties
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Votes
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|%
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|±pp swing
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Candidacies
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center"|Councillors
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center"|Mayors
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! align="center"|#
! align="center"|±
! align="center"|#
! align="center"|±
|-
|
|190,815||38.76||4.3||14||49||6||7||1
|-
|style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" |
|align=left|PSD / CDS–PP / PPM
|70,632||14.35||6.4||2||10||5||1||1
|-
|style="width: 10px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" |
|align=left|Social Democratic / People's Party
|60,578||12.31||0.0||5||19||3||2||1
|-
|
|46,473||9.44||11.0||5||20||8||4||0
|-
|style="width: 8px" bgcolor=gray align="center" |
|align=left|Independents
|32,025||6.51||3.7||6||9||2||0||1
|-
|style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" |
|align=left|PSD / CDS–PP / MPT
|31,174||6.33||—||1||4||—||0||—
|-
|
|24,563||4.99||0.4||14||2||1||0||0
|-
|
|4,937||1.00||1.6||5||0||0||0||0
|-
|
|4,926||1.00||2.3||5||1||1||0||0
|-
|
|2,381||0.48||—||3||0||—||0||—
|-
|style="width: 8px" bgcolor=#005FAD align="center" |
|align=left|PPM / PPV
|856||0.17||—||1||0||—||0||—
|-
|
|299||0.06||0.1||1||0||0||0||0
|-
|colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total valid
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|469,659
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|95.4
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|2.2
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|—
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|114
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|0
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|14
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|0
|-
|colspan=2|Blank ballots
|14,377||2.92||1.5||colspan=5 rowspan=3|
|-
|colspan=2|Invalid ballots
|8,267||1.68||0.8
|-
|colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total (turnout 62.61%)
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|492,650
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|100.00
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|5.2
|-
| colspan=11 align=left | Source: Autárquicas 2013 Resultados Oficiais
|}
Bragança
Bragança was one of the few districts where the PS had a net loss in mayorships, losing the mayorships in Freixo de Espada à Cinta and Torre de Moncorvo, but also gaining the mayorship in Mogadouro.
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=left|Parties
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Votes
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|%
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|±pp swing
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Candidacies
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center"|Councillors
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center"|Mayors
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! align="center"|#
! align="center"|±
! align="center"|#
! align="center"|±
|-
|
|33,727||37.23||1.0||12||31||4||5||1
|-
|
|32,477||35.85||4.5||8||26||7||6||1
|-
|style="width: 10px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" |
|align=left|Social Democratic / People's Party
|6,350||7.01||7.4||3||7||6||1||1
|-
|
|5,225||5.77||0.6||6||3||1||0||0
|-
|style="width: 8px" bgcolor=gray align="center" |
|align=left|Independents
|3,308||3.65||1.5||1||1||2||0||0
|-
|style="width: 8px" bgcolor=#0093DD align="center" |
|align=left|People's Party / Social Democratic
|2,426||2.68||—||1||2||—||0||—
|-
|
|1,824||2.01||0.2||12||0||0||0||0
|-
|
|442||0.49||0.0||3||0||0||0||0
|-
|style="width: 8px" bgcolor=#0093DD align="center" |
|align=left|CDS–PP / MPT / PPM
|92||0.10||—||1||0||—||0||—
|-
|colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total valid
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|85,871
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|94.78
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|1.9
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|—
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|70
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|2
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|12
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|0
|-
|colspan=2|Blank ballots
|2,403||2.65||1.1||colspan=5 rowspan=3|
|-
|colspan=2|Invalid ballots
|2,327||2.57||0.8
|-
|colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total (turnout 60.14%)
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|90,827
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|100.00
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|3.2
|-
| colspan=11 align=left | Source: Autárquicas 2013 Resultados Oficiais
|}
Castelo Branco
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=left|Parties
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Votes
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|%
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|±pp swing
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Candidacies
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center"|Councillors
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center"|Mayors
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! align="center"|#
! align="center"|±
! align="center"|#
! align="center"|±
|-
|
|47,590||44.33||0.3||10||35||1||7||1
|-
|
|29,351||27.34||13.7||9||22||9||4||1
|-
|style="width: 8px" bgcolor=gray align="center" |
|align=left|Independents
|11,182||10.41||—||4||5||—||0||—
|-
|
|6,836||6.37||2.2||11||1||1||0||0
|-
|
|2,528||2.35||1.1||8||0||0||0||0
|-
|
|1,163||1.08||0.5||2||0||0||0||0
|-
|style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" |
|align=left|Social Democratic / Earth Party
|1,142||1.06||—||1||2||—||0||—
|-
|style="width: 10px" bgcolor=#CC0033 align="center" |
|align=left|Labour
|331||0.31||—||1||0||—||0||—
|-
|colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total valid
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|100,123
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|93.26
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|3.2
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|—
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|65
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|2
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|11
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|0
|-
|colspan=2|Blank ballots
|4,028||3.75||1.7||colspan=5 rowspan=3|
|-
|colspan=2|Invalid ballots
|3,215||2.99||1.4
|-
|colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total (turnout 57.98%)
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|107,486
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|100.00
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|4.5
|-
| colspan=11 align=left | Source: Autárquicas 2013 Resultados Oficiais
|}
Coimbra
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=left|Parties
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Votes
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|%
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|±pp swing
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Candidacies
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center"|Councillors
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center"|Mayors
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! align="center"|#
! align="center"|±
! align="center"|#
! align="center"|±
|-
|
|89,884||42.24||4.5||17||61||5||12||3
|-
|
|28,362||13.33||9.9||7||26||11||5||1
|-
|style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" |
|align=left|PSD / PPM / MPT
|18,946||8.90||—||1||4||—||0||—
|-
|
|15,970||7.51||1.9||17||3||2||0||0
|-
|style="width: 10px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" |
|align=left|Social Democratic / People's Party
|13,966||6.56||0.4||5||12||0||0||2
|-
|style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" |
|align=left|PSD/ CDS–PP / PPM / MPT
|8,918||4.19||—||4||4||—||0||—
|-
|style="width: 8px" bgcolor=gray align="center" |
|align=left|Independents
|8,766||4.12||2.6||4||4||1||0||0
|-
|style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" |
|align=left|PSD / CDS–PP / PPM
|3,960||1.86||10.5||1||3||3||0||0
|-
|
|3,767||1.77||1.4||8||0||0||0||0
|-
|
|2,260||1.06||1.8||5||0||0||0||0
|-
|
|925||0.43||—||1||0||—||0||—
|-
|
|838||0.39||—||2||0||—||0||—
|-
|
|555||0.26||—||1||0||—||0||—
|-
|colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total valid
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|197,117
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|92.64
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|3.9
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|—
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|117
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|0
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|17
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|0
|-
|colspan=2|Blank ballots
|9,777||4.60||2.5||colspan=5 rowspan=3|
|-
|colspan=2|Invalid ballots
|5,877||2.95||1.8
|-
|colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total (turnout 53.86%)
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|212,926
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|100.00
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|6.5
|-
| colspan=11 align=left | Source: Autárquicas 2013 Resultados Oficiais
|}
Évora
The CDU won one of its most important victories in Évora, recapturing the district's capital city, and historic CDU stronghold, of Évora. The CDU had held the city from 1979 to 1997, when it was captured by the Socialists. CDU General Secretary Jerónimo de Sousa flew into Évora to celebrate with the city's incoming mayor, Carlos Pinto de Sá, on election night.
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=left|Parties
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Votes
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|%
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|±pp swing
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Candidacies
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center"|Councillors
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center"|Mayors
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! align="center"|#
! align="center"|±
! align="center"|#
! align="center"|±
|-
|
|32,153||38.50||4.4||14||30||4||6||2
|-
|
|27,767||33.25||6.6||14||31||5||5||2
|-
|style="width: 8px" bgcolor=gray align="center" |
|align=left|Independents
|9,217||11.04||2.7||7||12||3||3||2
|-
|style="width: 10px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" |
|align=left|Social Democratic / People's Party
|5,384||6.45||4.8||4||3||1||0||0
|-
|
|2,922||3.50||7.5||7||2||3||0||0
|-
|
|991||1.19||0.1||2||0||0||0||0
|-
|
|550||0.66||0.3||3||0||0||0||0
|-
|style="width: 8px" bgcolor=#0093DD align="center" |
|align=left|People's Party / Social Democratic
|340||0.41||—||2||0||—||0||—
|-
|colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total valid
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|79,324
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|94.99
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|2.1
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|—
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|78
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|0
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|14
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|0
|-
|colspan=2|Blank ballots
|2,573||3.08||1.2||colspan=5 rowspan=3|
|-
|colspan=2|Invalid ballots
|1,615||1.93||0.8
|-
|colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total (turnout 58.05%)
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|83,581
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|100.00
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|3.7
|-
| colspan=11 align=left | Source: Autárquicas 2013 Resultados Oficiais
|}
Faro
In Faro there was a massive upswing in support for the CDU, including having the only mayorship, Silves, that swung directly from the PSD to the CDU.
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=left|Parties
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Votes
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|%
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|±pp swing
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Candidacies
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center"|Councillors
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center"|Mayors
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! align="center"|#
! align="center"|±
! align="center"|#
! align="center"|±
|-
|
|65,434||36.71||4.7||16||51||2||10||3
|-
|
|44,208||24.08||7.5||14||33||10||4||3
|-
|
|20,919||11.74||5.7||16||8||7||1||1
|-
|style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" |
|align=left|PSD/ CDS–PP / MPT / PPM
|12,823||7.19||2.8||2||7||0||1||0
|-
|
|7,707||4.32||0.3||9||2||1||0||0
|-
|style="width: 8px" bgcolor=gray align="center" |
|align=left|Independents
|6,534||3.67||2.7||7||2||1||0||0
|-
|style="width: 8px" bgcolor=#0093DD align="center" |
|align=left|CDS–PP / MPT / PPM
|4,082||2.29||—||2||1||—||0||—
|-
|
|1,272||0.71||0.9||5||0||0||0||0
|-
|style="width: 8px" bgcolor=#0093DD align="center" |
|align=left|People's Party / Earth Party
|730||0.41||—||1||0||—||0||—
|-
|
|364||0.20||0.1||1||0||0||0||0
|-
|style="width: 10px" bgcolor=#000080 align="center" |
|align=left|Portugal Pro-Life
|338||0.19||—||1||0||—||0||—
|-
|colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total valid
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|164,602
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|92.71
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|3.3
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|—
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|104
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|2
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|16
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|0
|-
|colspan=2|Blank ballots
|8,318||4.67||1.9||colspan=5 rowspan=3|
|-
|colspan=2|Invalid ballots
|5,325||2.99||1.8
|-
|colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total (turnout 47.57%)
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|178,312
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|100.00
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|9.1
|-
| colspan=11 align=left | Source: Autárquicas 2013 Resultados Oficiais
|}
Guarda
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=left|Parties
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Votes
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|%
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|±pp swing
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Candidacies
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center"|Councillors
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center"|Mayors
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! align="center"|#
! align="center"|±
! align="center"|#
! align="center"|±
|-
|
|41,150||39.72||6.8||13||36||3||6||2
|-
|style="width: 10px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" |
|align=left|Social Democratic / People's Party
|25,993||25.09||15.7||5||16||9||3||2
|-
|
|19,937||19.24||13.3||9||25||9||4||2
|-
|
|3,262||3.15||0.8||14||0||0||0||0
|-
|
|2,441||2.36||0.4||6||2||2||0||0
|-
|style="width: 8px" bgcolor=gray align="center" |
|align=left|Independents
|2,231||2.15||1.0||3||3||2||1||1
|-
|
|871||0.84||0.2||1||0||0||0||0
|-
|
|576||0.56||0.4||1||0||0||0||0
|-
|
|455||0.44||—||1||0||—||0||—
|-
|style="width: 10px" bgcolor=#CC0033 align="center" |
|align=left|Labour
|279||0.27||—||2||0||—||0||—
|-
|colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total valid
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|97,195
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|93.82
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|2.6
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|—
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|82
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|1
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|14
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|0
|-
|colspan=2|Blank ballots
|3,263||3.15||1.4||colspan=5 rowspan=3|
|-
|colspan=2|Invalid ballots
|3,144||3.03||1.3
|-
|colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total (turnout 61.74%)
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|103,844
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|100.00
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|3.2
|-
| colspan=11 align=left | Source: Autárquicas 2013 Resultados Oficiais
|}
Leiria
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=left|Parties
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Votes
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|%
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|±pp swing
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Candidacies
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center"|Councillors
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center"|Mayors
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! align="center"|#
! align="center"|±
! align="center"|#
! align="center"|±
|-
|
|75,989||35.56||9.4||16||50||10||9||2
|-
|
|71,804||33.60||0.1||16||43||5||6||2
|-
|
|18,537||8.67||0.0||16||7||1||1||0
|-
|
|14,849||6.95||1.8||15||5||1||0||0
|-
|style="width: 10px" bgcolor=gray align="center" |
|align=left|Independents
|7,131||3.34||2.0||6||4||4||0||0
|-
|
|3,830||1.79||0.7||6||0||0||0||0
|-
|
|430||0.20||—||1||0||—||0||—
|-
|
|219||0.10||—||1||0||—||0||—
|-
|colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total valid
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|192,789
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|90.22
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|6.0
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|—
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|109
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|3
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|16
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|0
|-
|colspan=2|Blank ballots
|12,649||5.92||3.5||colspan=5 rowspan=3|
|-
|colspan=2|Invalid ballots
|8,249||3.86||2.5
|-
|colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total (turnout 50.39%)
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|213,797
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|100.00
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|7.0
|-
| colspan=11 align=left | Source: Autárquicas 2013 Resultados Oficiais
|}
Lisbon
The PS and CDU both won key victories in Lisbon. The PS retained the district (and national) capital of Lisbon, with the best result ever achieved by any political party in Lisbon, and the CDU recaptured their historical stronghold of Loures from the PS.
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=left|Parties
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Votes
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|%
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|±pp swing
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Candidacies
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center"|Councillors
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center"|Mayors
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! align="center"|#
! align="center"|±
! align="center"|#
! align="center"|±
|-
|
|319,109||37.51||2.7||15||70||1||9||1
|-
|
|133,033||15.64||3.2||15||27||8||2||1
|-
|style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" |
|align=left|PSD / CDS–PP / MPT
|68,101||8.01||—||2||6||—||0||—
|-
|style="width: 8px" bgcolor=gray align="center" |
|align=left|Independents
|63,081||7.42||3.8||5||10||5||1||0
|-
|
|49,076||5.77||1.6||5||19||2||2||1
|-
|style="width: 10px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" |
|align=left|Social Democratic / People's Party
|44,692||5.25||0.2||3||12||1||1||0
|-
|
|34,907||4.10||0.5||10||0||0||0||0
|-
|style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" |
|align=left|PSD / MPT / PPM
|19,804||2.33||—||4||4||—||0||—
|-
|
|9,902||1.16||0.6||7||0||0||0||0
|-
|
|9,418||1.11||—||3||0||—||0||—
|-
|style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" |
|align=left|PSD/ CDS–PP / MPT / PPM
|7,253||0.85||14.1||2||4||11||0||0
|-
|
|6,847||0.80||0.2||4||0||0||0||0
|-
|style="width: 8px" bgcolor=#0093DD align="center" |
|align=left|CDS–PP / MPT / PPM
|5,125||0.60||—||4||0||—||0||—
|-
|style="width: 8px" bgcolor=#005FAD align="center" |
|align=left|PPM / PPV / PND
|3,443||0.40||—||2||0||—||0||—
|-
|style="width: 10px" bgcolor=#CC0033 align="center" |
|align=left|Labour
|3,172||0.37||0.3||7||0||0||0||0
|-
|
|2,634||0.31||0.2||4||0||0||0||0
|-
|
|1,272||0.15||—||1||0||—||0||—
|-
|colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total valid
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|780,869
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|91.79
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|5.2
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|—
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|152
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|16
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|15
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|0
|-
|colspan=2|Blank ballots
|39,778||4.68||2.9||colspan=5 rowspan=3|
|-
|colspan=2|Invalid ballots
|30,014||3.53||2.3
|-
|colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total (turnout 44.51%)
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|850,795
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|100.00
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|7.6
|-
| colspan=11 align=left | Source: Autárquicas 2013 Resultados Oficiais
|}
Portalegre
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=left|Parties
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Votes
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|%
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|±pp swing
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Candidacies
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center"|Councillors
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center"|Mayors
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! align="center"|#
! align="center"|±
! align="center"|#
! align="center"|±
|-
|
|28,368||43.32||1.7||15||37||2||6||0
|-
|
|11,306||17.26||0.7||15||15||2||2||1
|-
|
|10,115||15.44||7.8||11||22||1||6||0
|-
|style="width: 8px" bgcolor=gray align="center" |
|align=left|Independents
|5,662||8.65||3.4||4||4||0||1||1
|-
|style="width: 10px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" |
|align=left|Social Democratic / People's Party
|2,704||4.13||0.8||3||1||1||0||0
|-
|
|1,599||2.44||1.4||4||1||1||0||0
|-
|
|1,430||2.18||1.9||1||1||1||0||0
|-
|style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" |
|align=left|PSD / PPM
|686||1.05||—||1||0||—||0||—
|-
|
|658||1.00||0.1||4||0||0||0||0
|-
|colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total valid
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|62,528
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|95.48
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|1.8
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|—
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|81
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|0
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|15
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|0
|-
|colspan=2|Blank ballots
|1,599||2.44||0.8||colspan=5 rowspan=3|
|-
|colspan=2|Invalid ballots
|1,365||2.95||0.9
|-
|colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total (turnout 63.14%)
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|65,561
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|100.00
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|3.6
|-
| colspan=11 align=left | Source: Autárquicas 2013 Resultados Oficiais
|}
Porto
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=left|Parties
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Votes
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|%
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|±pp swing
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Candidacies
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center"|Councillors
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center"|Mayors
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! align="center"|#
! align="center"|±
! align="center"|#
! align="center"|±
|-
|
|316,597||35.71||1.3||18||71||5||8||2
|-
|style="width: 10px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" |
|align=left|Social Democratic / People's Party
|130,219||14.69||12.7||7||29||10||4||0
|-
|style="width: 8px" bgcolor=gray align="center" |
|align=left|Independents
|125,325||14.14||4.0||11||18||3||2||2
|-
|
|66,994||7.56||8.8||6||19||21||3||0
|-
|style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" |
|align=left|PSD / PPM
|61,840||6.98||—||4||18||—||1||—
|-
|
|54,291||6.12||1.3||18||5||4||0||0
|-
|style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" |
|align=left|PSD / PPM / MPT
|24,366||2.75||—||1||3||—||0||—
|-
|
|23,553||2.66||0.1||13||0||0||0||0
|-
|
|14,198||1.60||0.1||9||1||0||0||0
|-
|
|3,056||0.34||0.2||4||0||0||0||0
|-
|style="width: 10px" bgcolor=#CC0033 align="center" |
|align=left|Labour
|2,130||0.24||—||4||0||—||0||—
|-
|colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total valid
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|822,569
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|92.78
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|4.6
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|—
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|164
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|2
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|18
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|0
|-
|colspan=2|Blank ballots
|34,306||3.87||2.4||colspan=5 rowspan=3|
|-
|colspan=2|Invalid ballots
|29,705||3.35||2.2
|-
|colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total (turnout 55.82%)
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|886,823
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|100.00
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|7.8
|-
| colspan=11 align=left | Source: Autárquicas 2013 Resultados Oficiais
|}
Santarém
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=left|Parties
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Votes
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|%
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|±pp swing
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Candidacies
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center"|Councillors
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center"|Mayors
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! align="center"|#
! align="center"|±
! align="center"|#
! align="center"|±
|-
|
|80,363||37.51||0.1||21||61||3||13||4
|-
|
|36,667||17.11||12.3||12||23||10||4||1
|-
|
|30,292||14.14||1.9||21||23||5||3||0
|-
|style="width: 10px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" |
|align=left|Social Democratic / People's Party
|19,220||8.97||4.9||6||12||5||1||0
|-
|style="width: 8px" bgcolor=gray align="center" |
|align=left|Independents
|15,430||7.20||1.1||11||8||2||0||0
|-
|
|8,419||3.93||0.8||11||4||1||0||0
|-
|
|4,578||2.14||0.3||11||0||0||0||0
|-
|
|1,369||0.64||—||1||0||—||0||—
|-
|style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" |
|align=left|PSD / CDS–PP / MPT
|1,162||0.54||—||1||1||—||0||—
|-
|style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" |
|align=left|Social Democratic / Earth Party
|755||0.35||—||1||1||—||0||—
|-
|style="width: 8px" bgcolor=#0093DD align="center" |
|align=left|People's Party / Earth Party
|210||0.10||0.0||1||0||0||0||0
|-
|colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total valid
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|198,465
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|92.62
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|4.1
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|—
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|133
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|0
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|21
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|0
|-
|colspan=2|Blank ballots
|8,906||4.16||2.3||colspan=5 rowspan=3|
|-
|colspan=2|Invalid ballots
|6,889||3.22||1.8
|-
|colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total (turnout 53.68%)
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|214,401
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|100.00
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|6.3
|-
| colspan=11 align=left | Source: Autárquicas 2013 Resultados Oficiais
|}
Setúbal
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=left|Parties
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Votes
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|%
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|±pp swing
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Candidacies
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center"|Councillors
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center"|Mayors
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! align="center"|#
! align="center"|±
! align="center"|#
! align="center"|±
|-
|
|125,588||41.49||0.6||13||56||4||11||2
|-
|
|78,909||26.07||2.1||13||36||1||2||2
|-
|
|25,504||8.43||2.8||9||7||0||0||0
|-
|
|16,694||5.51||1.1||11||2||1||0||0
|-
|style="width: 10px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" |
|align=left|Social Democratic / People's Party
|8,925||2.95||1.6||3||3||1||0||0
|-
|style="width: 8px" bgcolor=gray align="center" |
|align=left|Independents
|5,963||1.97||0.7||4||4||0||0||0
|-
|
|5,804||1.92||2.4||9||1||1||0||0
|-
|
|5,150||1.70||0.0||6||0||0||0||0
|-
|
|3,562||1.18||—||4||0||—||0||—
|-
|style="width: 10px" bgcolor=#CC0033 align="center" |
|align=left|Labour
|1,699||0.56||—||4||0||—||0||—
|-
|colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total valid
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|277,798
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|91.77
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|5.1
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|—
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|109
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|4
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|13
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|0
|-
|colspan=2|Blank ballots
|13,736||4.54||2.7||colspan=5 rowspan=3|
|-
|colspan=2|Invalid ballots
|11,178||3.35||2.4
|-
|colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total (turnout 41.67%)
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|302,767
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|100.00
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|7.9
|-
| colspan=11 align=left | Source: Autárquicas 2013 Resultados Oficiais
|}
Viana do Castelo
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=left|Parties
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Votes
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|%
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|±pp swing
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Candidacies
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center"|Councillors
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center"|Mayors
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! align="center"|#
! align="center"|±
! align="center"|#
! align="center"|±
|-
|
|55,148||37.50||4.2||10||30||5||6||0
|-
|
|45,600||31.00||6.4||10||25||2||2||1
|-
|
|19,021||12.93||0.1||4||7||1||1||0
|-
|
|8,030||5.46||1.6||10||1||1||0||0
|-
|style="width: 10px" bgcolor=gray align="center" |
|align=left|Independents
|7,570||5.15||4.7||3||5||1||1||1
|-
|style="width: 8px" bgcolor=#0093DD align="center" |
|align=left|People's Party / Earth Party
|1,991||1.35||—||1||0||—||0||—
|-
|
|744||0.51||—||1||0||—||0||—
|-
|
|659||0.44||—||1||0||—||0||—
|-
|colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total valid
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|138,754
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|94.34
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|2.6
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|—
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|68
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|4
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|10
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|0
|-
|colspan=2|Blank ballots
|5,239||3.56||1.7||colspan=5 rowspan=3|
|-
|colspan=2|Invalid ballots
|3,087||2.10||1.0
|-
|colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total (turnout 57.32%)
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|147,288
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|100.00
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|3.4
|-
| colspan=11 align=left | Source: Autárquicas 2013 Resultados Oficiais
|}
Vila Real
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=left|Parties
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Votes
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|%
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|±pp swing
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Candidacies
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center"|Councillors
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center"|Mayors
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! align="center"|#
! align="center"|±
! align="center"|#
! align="center"|±
|-
|
|54,731||40.74||1.7||14||42||3||8||2
|-
|
|54,054||40.24||3.0||12||37||3||6||1
|-
|style="width: 8px" bgcolor=gray align="center" |
|align=left|Independents
|5,749||4.28||—||3||3||—||0||—
|-
|
|4,242||3.16||0.6||14||0||0||0||0
|-
|
|3,434||2.56||1.8||9||0||2||0||0
|-
|style="width: 10px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" |
|align=left|Social Democratic / People's Party
|2,870||2.14||5.9||1||2||9||0||0
|-
|style="width: 8px" bgcolor=#0093DD align="center" |
|align=left|People's Party / Social Democratic
|1,890||1.41||—||1||2||—||0||—
|-
|
|603||0.45||0.3||1||0||0||0||0
|-
|
|145||0.11||0.1||1||0||0||0||0
|-
|
|29||0.02||0||1||0||0||0||0
|-
|colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total valid
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|127,747
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|95.09
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|1.9
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|—
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|86
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|2
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|14
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|0
|-
|colspan=2|Blank ballots
|3,436||2.56||1.0||colspan=5 rowspan=3|
|-
|colspan=2|Invalid ballots
|3,161||2.35||0.9
|-
|colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total (turnout 57.79%)
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|134,541
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|100.00
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|2.9
|-
| colspan=11 align=left | Source: Autárquicas 2013 Resultados Oficiais
|}
Viseu
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=left|Parties
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Votes
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|%
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|±pp swing
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Candidacies
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center"|Councillors
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center"|Mayors
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! align="center"|#
! align="center"|±
! align="center"|#
! align="center"|±
|-
|
|85,026||39.33||3.1||24||70||6||11||3
|-
|
|63,998||29.60||12.9||15||52||17||10||1
|-
|style="width: 10px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" |
|align=left|Social Democratic / People's Party
|33,017||15.27||5.9||9||26||9||3||0
|-
|
|9,689||4.48||0.3||14||2||0||0||0
|-
|
|5,954||2.75||0.9||24||0||0||0||0
|-
|
|2,607||1.21||0.2||6||0||0||0||0
|-
|style="width: 8px" bgcolor=gray align="center" |
|align=left|Independents
|2,393||1.11||0.1||2||2||2||0||0
|-
|
|234||0.11||0.4||1||0||0||0||0
|-
|colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total valid
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|202,918
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|93.86
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|3.1
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|—
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|152
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|0
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|24
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|0
|-
|colspan=2|Blank ballots
|7,270||3.36||1.9||colspan=5 rowspan=3|
|-
|colspan=2|Invalid ballots
|6,000||2.78||1.3
|-
|colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total (turnout 57.03%)
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|216,465
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|100.00
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|5.4
|-
| colspan=11 align=left | Source: Autárquicas 2013 Resultados Oficiais
|}
Madeira
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=left|Parties
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Votes
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|%
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|±pp swing
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Candidacies
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center"|Councillors
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center"|Mayors
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! align="center"|#
! align="center"|±
! align="center"|#
! align="center"|±
|-
|
|47,207||34.81||17.2||11||33||14||4||6
|-
|style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF66FF align="center" |
|align=left|PS / BE / PND / MPT / PTP / PAN
|21,102||15.56||—||1||5||—||1||—
|-
|
|17,679||13.04||4.7||9||8||4||1||1
|-
|style="width: 10px" bgcolor=gray align="center" |
|align=left|Independents
|16,738||12.34||7.7||4||9||6||2||2
|-
|
|11,636||8.58||9.1||7||13||1||3||3
|-
|
|7,243||5.34||0.8||11||1||0||0||0
|-
|
|2,198||1.62||1.9||1||1||0||0||0
|-
|style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF66FF align="center" |
|align=left|PS / PTP / PND / BE
|2,157||1.59||—||1||1||—||0||—
|-
|
|1,657||1.22||—||3||0||—||0||—
|-
|style="width: 10px" bgcolor=#CC0033 align="center" |
|align=left|Labour
|941||0.69||—||5||0||—||0||—
|-
|
|516||0.38||2.2||5||0||0||0||0
|-
|colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total valid
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|129,074
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|95.17
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|2.1
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|—
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|71
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|1
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|11
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|0
|-
|colspan=2|Blank ballots
|1,678||1.24||0.2||colspan=5 rowspan=3|
|-
|colspan=2|Invalid ballots
|4,870||3.59||1.9
|-
|colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total (turnout 52.52%)
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|135,676
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|100.00
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|2.5
|-
| colspan=11 align=left | Source: Autárquicas 2013 Resultados Oficiais
|}
Azores
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=left|Parties
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Votes
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|%
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|±pp swing
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Candidacies
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center"|Councillors
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center"|Mayors
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! align="center"|#
! align="center"|±
! align="center"|#
! align="center"|±
|-
|
|56,977||46.62||0.3||19||62||4||13||2
|-
|
|38,149||31.22||12.5||14||33||17||4||3
|-
|style="width: 10px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" |
|align=left|Social Democratic / People's Party
|7,810||6.39||—||2||4||—||0||—
|-
|
|3,205||2.62||1.6||6||3||2||1||1
|-
|style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" |
|align=left|PSD / CDS–PP / PPM
|2,729||2.23||—||1||3||—||0||—
|-
|style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" |
|align=left|PSD / PPM
|2,414||1.98||—||1||3||—||0||—
|-
|
|2,105||1.72||0.0||8||0||0||0||0
|-
|
|2,070||1.69||0.4||5||0||0||0||0
|-
|style="width: 8px" bgcolor=gray align="center" |
|align=left|Independents
|1,961||1.60||—||3||3||—||1||—
|-
|colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total valid
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|117,420
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|96.08
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|1.7
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|—
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|111
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|2
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|19
|width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|0
|-
|colspan=2|Blank ballots
|3,086||2.53||1.3||colspan=5 rowspan=3|
|-
|colspan=2|Invalid ballots
|1,702||1.39||0.4
|-
|colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total (turnout 54.01%)
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|122,364
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|100.00
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|2.8
|-
| colspan=11 align=left | Source: Autárquicas 2013 Resultados Oficiais
|}
Results by municipality
The table shows the results in the 20 District capitals plus Vila Nova de Gaia, Sintra, Oeiras and Matosinhos cities with over 100,000 inhabitants which are not district capitals.
References
2013 in Portugal
2013
Election results in Portugal
|
44132230
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister%20of%20Foreign%20Affairs%20%28Mozambique%29
|
Minister of Foreign Affairs (Mozambique)
|
Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation () is a cabinet level position in the national government of Mozambique.
List of ministers
1975–1987: Joaquim Chissano
1987–1994: Pascoal Mocumbi
1994–2005: Leonardo Simão
2005–2008: Alcinda Abreu
2008–2017: Oldemiro Balói
2017–2020: José Condungua Pacheco
2020–present: Verónica Macamo
External links
Official site
List of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Mozambique
Foreign
Foreign Ministers
Politicians
|
41877561
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei%20Tereschenko
|
Sergei Tereschenko
|
Sergei Nikolaevich Tereschenko (Терещенко, Сергей Николаевич ; born December 28, 1991) is a Russian professional ice hockey defenceman. He is currently playing with Amur Khabarovsk of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).
Tereschenko made his Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) debut playing with Metallurg Magnitogorsk during the 2011–12 KHL season.
Awards and honors
References
External links
1991 births
Living people
Amur Khabarovsk players
HC Donbass players
Metallurg Magnitogorsk players
Russian ice hockey defencemen
Salavat Yulaev Ufa players
Traktor Chelyabinsk players
|
64731102
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilma%20Kathleen%20McNish
|
Vilma Kathleen McNish
|
Vilma Kathleen McNish (born January 16, 1957) is a Jamaican diplomat who was their ambassador to Belgium, Permanent Representative to the European Union and UNESCO as well as having served, from 2001 until 2005 as Ambassador to Mexico, Central America and High Commissioner to Belize.
Education
BSc (International Relations) UWI, Mona
M.A (International Affairs) Georgetown University, Washington D.C
References
Ambassadors of Jamaica to Belgium
Jamaican women ambassadors
1957 births
Georgetown University alumni
University of the West Indies alumni
High Commissioners to Belize
Ambassadors to Mexico
Permanent Delegates to UNESCO
European Union diplomats
Living people
|
20115319
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Stoops
|
Mark Stoops
|
Mark Thomas Stoops (born July 9, 1967) is an American college football coach and former player. He is the head football coach of the Kentucky Wildcats.
Early life
Stoops, one of six children born to Ron and Evelyn "Dee Dee" Stoops, attended Cardinal Mooney High School in Youngstown, Ohio, where his father was an assistant coach and defensive coordinator. He is the brother of interim Oklahoma head coach Bob Stoops and former Arizona head coach Mike Stoops, who also served as defensive coordinator for the University of Oklahoma until he was fired on October 7, 2018 after losing 48-45 to Texas.
After graduating from high school, Stoops played college football for the Iowa Hawkeyes from 1986 to 1988.
Coaching career
Stoops was a graduate assistant coach at Iowa from 1989 to 1991, and then became the athletic director and defensive backs coach at Nordonia High School in Macedonia, Ohio (1992–1995).
In 1996, when Kansas State assistant Jim Leavitt was hired as the head coach for the South Florida Bulls, he hired Stoops as defensive backs coach.
Stoops served as the defensive backs coach for the University of Wyoming Cowboys from 1997–1999.
At Wyoming, Stoops served under head coach Dana Dimel. When Dimel was hired at the University of Houston, he took Stoops with him to join the Cougars as co-defensive coordinator (along with Dick Bumpas) and safeties coach in 2000.
Miami (FL)
In February 2001, Stoops was named the defensive backs coach for the University of Miami Hurricanes, replacing Chuck Pagano, who left to go to the Cleveland Browns.
Arizona
Mark's brother, Mike, was hired as the head coach of the Arizona Wildcats for the 2004 season. Mike then hired Mark as part of his staff.
Florida State
On December 11, 2009, Stoops accepted the job as defensive coordinator at Florida State University.
Kentucky
On November 27, 2012, Stoops was hired as the new head coach of the University of Kentucky football program, replacing former head coach Joker Phillips, who was fired after a 2–10 season. In Stoops' first season as the Kentucky Head coach, he went 2-10, followed by back to back 5-7 seasons.
After an 0–2 start to the 2016 season, Stoops led the Wildcats to a 7–3 finish after that start and defeated their in-state rival, the eleventh-ranked Louisville Cardinals. They lost in the Taxslayer Bowl to Georgia Tech.
The 2017 season featured ups and downs and the breakout of star running back Benny Snell. They finished 7-5, losing afterwards in the Music City Bowl to Northwestern.
The 2018 season was a historic one for the Wildcats. Paced by Snell on offense and Josh Allen on defense, they snapped a 31-year losing streak to Florida, finishing 9-3–only the fourth time in school history that the Wildcats have won at least nine games. Kentucky defeated Penn State in the Citrus Bowl on January, 1st, 2019 giving the Wildcats their first 10 win season since 1977, and only their third in school history. Stoops was named SEC Coach of the Year, the first time a Kentucky coach had won the award since Jerry Claiborne in 1983.
The 2019 season was one of overcoming adversity. After a 2-3 start in which they lost all of their Quarterbacks to injury, Kentucky turned to Wide Receiver Lynn Bowden Jr. to take over at QB. With a revamped offense, the Wildcats finished the Regular Season 7-5 routing Louisville 45-13 on Senior Day. Kentucky capped the season with a thrilling win over Virginia Tech in the Belk Bowl, as the Wildcats scored the winning touchdown with 15 seconds remaining for an 8-5 finish.
The 2020 season, affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, saw Kentucky play a 10-game, All-SEC regular-season schedule. Despite a 4-6 record, Kentucky was still able to be invited to a bowl game, specifically the 2021 Gator Bowl against No. 24 NC State. Stoops led Kentucky to victory in the Gator Bowl 23-21, making it three straight bowl victories for the team.
Notable players coached
The following are players that Stoops has coached as either a position coach, defensive coordinator, or head coach:
Miami (FL)
Ed Reed – Former Baltimore Ravens safety, 2001 BCS National Champion, Super Bowl XLVII Champion, 9 time Pro Bowl selection
Antrel Rolle – Former Arizona Cardinals and New York Giants Defensive Back, 2001 BCS National Champion, Super Bowl XLVI Champion, 3 time Pro Bowl selection
Phillip Buchanon – Played 10 seasons in the NFL with 5 different teams, 2001 BCS National Champion.
Sean Taylor – Former Washington Redskins safety, 2001 BCS National Champion, 2 time Pro Bowl selection
Kelly Jennings – Former Seattle Seahawks defensive Back, played 5 seasons in the NFL
Brandon Meriweather – Former New England Patriots Safety. 2 time Pro Bowl selection
All of the aforementioned players were first round NFL Draft picks.
Arizona
Antoine Cason – Former San Diego Chargers defensive back, 2008 first round NFL Draft pick, 2007 Jim Thorpe Award winner, 2007 consensus All-American
Brooks Reed – Former Houston Texans and Atlanta Falcons outside linebacker, 2011 second round NFL Draft pick
Florida State
Bjoern Werner – Former Indianapolis Colts defensive end, 2013 first round NFL Draft pick
Nigel Bradham – Former Philadelphia Eagles linebacker, Super Bowl LII Champion
Christian Jones – Detroit Lions linebacker. 2014 BCS National Champion
Vince Williams – Pittsburgh Steelers linebacker
Xavier Rhodes – Indianapolis Colts and former Minnesota Vikings cornerback, 3 time NFL Pro Bowl selection
Lamarcus Joyner – Las Vegas Raiders defensive back, 2014 BCS National Champion, 2014 second round NFL Draft pick
Ronald Darby – Denver Broncos cornerback, 2014 BCS National Champion, Super Bowl LII Champion, 2015 second round NFL Draft pick
Kentucky
Bud Dupree – Tennessee Titans outside linebacker, 2015 first round NFL Draft pick
Za'Darius Smith – Green Bay Packers outside linebacker, NFL Pro Bowl selection
Avery Williamson – Denver Broncos linebacker
Josh Allen – Jacksonville Jaguars outside linebacker, 2019 first round NFL Draft pick, 1 NFL Pro Bowl selection, 2018 Chuck Bednarik Award, Bronko Nagurski Trophy, Lott Trophy winner, unanimous All-American (2018), Kentucky career sacks leader (31.5)
Benny Snell – Pittsburgh Steelers running back, Kentucky career rushing yards leader (3,873)
Lynn Bowden – Miami Dolphins wide receiver, 2019 consensus All-American, 2019 Paul Hornung Award winner
Personal life
Stoops is the younger brother of interim Oklahoma head coach Bob Stoops, former Oklahoma defensive coordinator and current Florida Atlantic assistant Mike Stoops, and Ron, Jr., the oldest of the brothers, who was an assistant coach at Youngstown State. Stoops and his wife Chantel have two sons, Will and Zach. On January 4, 2021, the couple announced that they will be divorcing.
Head coaching record
References
External links
Kentucky profile
1967 births
Living people
American football defensive backs
Arizona Wildcats football coaches
Florida State Seminoles football coaches
Houston Cougars football coaches
Iowa Hawkeyes football coaches
Iowa Hawkeyes football players
Kentucky Wildcats football coaches
Miami Hurricanes football coaches
South Florida Bulls football coaches
Wyoming Cowboys football coaches
High school football coaches in Ohio
Players of American football from Youngstown, Ohio
Educators from Ohio
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B2%20First
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B2 First
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B2 First, previously known as Cambridge English: First and the First Certificate in English (FCE), is an English language examination provided by Cambridge Assessment English (previously known as Cambridge English Language Assessment and University of Cambridge ESOL examinations).
B2 First shows that learners have the language skills needed to communicate confidently in an English-speaking environment. It is targeted at Level B2 of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR).
B2 First is one of the examinations in Cambridge English Qualifications, each of which aligns with a particular level of the CEFR.
There are Cambridge English Qualifications for schools, general and higher education, and business. B2 First is offered in two versions, B2 First for Schools, for school-aged learners, and B2 First, for general and higher education adult learners.
History
B2 First (previously known as the Lower Certificate in English (LCE), First Certificate in English (FCE) and Cambridge English: First) was originally launched in 1939.
The arrival of thousands of refugees from the Spanish Civil War and occupied Europe into the UK had created a growing need for language assessment. One hundred and forty-four students sat the first LCE exam on 21 June 1939. The exam was divided into three sections:
Oral (Dictation, Reading Aloud, and Conversation)
English Composition and Language (2 hours for a free composition on a choice of subjects and various tests on the correct use of simple English)
Prescribed Texts (2 hours on Dickens, Swift, Shaw and/or the Oxford English Course book).
By 1943, the exam included a choice between ‘either prescribed texts or a paper in translation from and into English’. By 1944, 18 languages were catered for in the translation paper, including Polish, Arabic, Hebrew, Czech, Persian and Swedish.
Many of those who took the exam served on active duty during World War II. The December 1943 exam pass list includes candidates from the Polish Army, the Polish Institute of Air Force Technology (RAF), the Netherlands Fleet Air Arm, and the Czechoslovak RAF Squadron. On one day in 1948 over 2,500 men and women of the Polish Resettlement Corps took the exam.
A special version of the exam was also made available to prisoners of war detained in Britain and in occupied Europe. The test was made available to 1,500 prisoners of war in Britain, 900 of them Italians. In Germany, the test was offered at seven prisoners of war camps, with Indian prisoners of war encouraged to take the exam and/or School Certificate exams.
After the war, the exam proved to be the most popular Cambridge English exam of the time, with over 4,000 candidates in 1947, compared to 2,028 candidates for the Certificate of Proficiency in English, now known as C2 Proficiency.
In 1975, driven by evolving principles of communicative language teaching and testing, the exam was revised. The qualification was further updated in 1984 and 1996. Following the 1996 revision, the exam covered a greater range of writing, listening and speaking micro-skills. Its Speaking test format used two candidates and two examiners and the five papers were equally weighted, each representing 20% of the available marks.
In January 2015, another set of revisions were introduced. The main changes were: the overall exam is now 30 minutes shorter; there are four exam papers, instead of five; and the Reading and Use of English papers have been combined into a single paper.
B2 First and B2 First for Schools
B2 First is available in two versions:
B2 First, designed for adult learners. B2 First is one of the exams that make up Cambridge English Qualifications for general and higher education.
B2 First for Schools, designed for school-aged learners. B2 First for Schools is one of the exams that make up Cambridge English Qualifications for schools.
B2 First and B2 First for Schools both have the same exam format (e.g. number of papers, number of questions, time allowance), both support learners to develop real-life communication skills, and both versions lead to the same certificate.
The exams use different topics and content:
B2 First is targeted at the interests and experiences of adult learners and is designed to support learners whatever their goals – whether they want to get into university, start their own business or develop their career.
B2 First for Schools is designed specifically for school-aged students and is informed by research into how children develop language skills. The topics and tasks in the exam are designed to reinforce the learning students do in class.
Format
Both versions of the exam (B2 First and B2 First for Schools) are made up of four papers, which cover all the key language skills (Reading and Use of Language, Writing, Listening, and Speaking).
The Speaking paper is taken face-to-face. Candidates have the choice of taking the Reading and Use of English paper, Writing paper and Listening paper on either a computer or on paper.
Reading and Use of English
Duration: 1 hour and 15 minutes
The Reading and Use of English paper has seven parts and 52 questions. The paper contains texts totalling approximately 3,000 to 3,500 words and candidates are expected to understand different types of text, such as fiction, newspapers and magazines, promotional and informational materials.
In Parts 1–4, candidates read a range of texts and complete tasks that test their knowledge of grammar use of English and vocabulary.
Part 1 has eight multiple-choice questions related to vocabulary in a text.
Parts 2 and 3 involve completing gaps in a text (i.e. choosing / forming the correct word for each gap).
Each question in Part 4 has a sentence and a ‘key’ word, which must be used to complete a second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first sentence.
In Parts 5–7, candidates read a range of texts and complete tasks that test their reading ability.
Part 5 involves answering multiple-choice questions about a text, with candidates expected to be able to read a text for detail, opinion, tone, purpose, main idea, implication and attitude.
Part 6 involves choosing paragraphs to fill the gaps in a text, with candidates expected to demonstrate understanding of the structure and development of a text.
Part 7 involves matching statements to the correct part of a text or several short texts, with candidates expected to demonstrate reading for specific information, detail, opinion and attitude.
Writing
Duration: 1 hours and 20 minutes
The Writing paper has two parts.
Part 1 has one compulsory question and involves writing an essay.
In Part 2, candidates are given three options and are asked to write one of the following using between 140 and 190 words: an article, email/letter, report, or review.
Listening
Duration: about 40 minutes
The Listening paper has four parts and includes a mixture of monologues and dialogues from a range of familiar sources, such as news programmes, radio broadcasts, speeches and public announcements.
Candidates are expected to demonstrate a wide range of listening skills needed for real-life purposes, such as understanding the gist of an extract, listening for specific information, and understanding a speaker's opinion, attitude or feeling.
In Part 1, candidates listen to a series of unrelated recordings (approx. 30 seconds each) and answer one multiple-choice question for each recording.
In Part 2, candidates listen to a monologue or a dialogue with two or more speakers (approx. 3 minutes) and complete sentences on the question paper using the information they heard in the recording.
In Part 3, candidates listen to a series of statements and related monologues (approx. 30 seconds each) and choose which statement best matches what each speaker says.
In Part 4, candidates listen to a recording with two or more speakers (approx. 3 minutes) and answer seven multiple-choice questions.
Speaking
Duration: 13 minutes
The Speaking test has four parts and is conducted face-to-face, with one or two other candidates and two examiners. Candidates are expected to be able to participate in discussions, express opinions, exchange ideas and reach decisions through negotiation.
Part 1 is a short conversation with the examiner. The interlocutor will ask the candidates a series of basic personal questions about their lives, focusing on areas such as work, leisure activities and plans. Candidates are expected to respond to the examiner's questions, give basic personal information about themselves and use general social and interactional language. This part of the exam is done individually, thus the candidate only interact with the interlocutor. However, the candidates should pay attention to what the other candidate has been asked, as the question may be repeated.
Part 2 (1 minute ‘long turn’ for each candidate, plus a 30-second response from the second candidate) involves speaking for 1 minute without interruption. Each candidate is asked to compare two colour photographs and comment about the photographs in response to a task read out by the examiner and a quick question written above the photographs. The listening candidate is also asked to comment briefly after their partner's long-turn.
Part 3 (3 minutes) is a two-way conversation between the candidates. The candidates are given spoken instructions and visual stimuli, which are used in a decision-making task. There is no right or wrong answer to the task. The candidates are expected to express and justify opinions, evaluating and speculating, in order to work towards a negotiated decision.
Part 4 (4 minutes) is a discussion between the candidates and the examiner on topics related to the collaborative task in Part 3. The examiner directs the interaction by asking questions which encourage the candidates to broaden and discuss further the topics introduced in Part 3. The questions ask primarily for evaluation rather than for information and give candidates an opportunity to show they can discuss issues in more depth than in earlier parts of the test.
Scoring
In January 2015, Cambridge English Scale scores replaced the candidate profile and standardised scores used for pre-2015 results. All candidates (pre- and post-2015) receive a Statement of Results, with those scoring high enough also receiving a certificate.
Scoring from January 2015
From 2015, the Statement of Results and the Certificate have the following information about the candidate's performance:
A score on the Cambridge English Scale for each skill (Reading, Writing, Listening and Speaking) and for Use of English
A score on the Cambridge English Scale for the overall exam
A grade (A, B, C, Level B1) for the overall exam
A CEFR level for the overall exam.
The certificate also contains the UK National Qualifications Framework (NQF) level.
The candidate's overall score is averaged from the individual scores for each skill (Reading, Writing, Listening and Speaking) and for the use of English.
B2 First is targeted at CEFR Level B2, but also provides reliable assessment at the level above B2 (Level C1) and the level below (B1). The following scores are used to report results:
Scores between 122 and 139 are also reported on the Statement of Results but candidates will not receive a certificate.
Scoring pre-2015
Pre-2015, the Statement of Results had the following information, reflecting the total combined score from all four papers:
A grade (A, B, C, Level B1) for the overall exam
A score (out of 100) for the overall exam
A CEFR level for the overall exam.
Pre-2015, the Statement of Results also had a Candidate Profile, which showed the candidate's performance on each of the individual papers against the following scale: exceptional, good, borderline and weak.
Pre-2015, candidates who achieved a score of 45 or more (out of 100) received a certificate.
Timing and results
Candidates take the Reading and Use of English, Writing and Listening papers on the same day. The Speaking exam may be taken on the same day, but is more usually taken a few days before or after the other papers.
The paper-based exam and computer-based exam are offered at test centres throughout the calendar year.
Successful candidates receive two documents: a Statement of Results and a Certificate. Universities, employers and other organisations may require either of these documents as proof of English language skills.
An online Statement of Results is available to candidates four to six weeks after the paper-based exam and two weeks after the computer-based exam. Successful candidates (those scoring above 140 on the Cambridge English Scale) receive a hard-copy certificate within three months of the paper-based exam and within six weeks of the computer-based exam.
Usage
B2 First demonstrates language proficiency at Level B2 of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) and is used for study and work purposes.
It is an upper-intermediate qualification used to demonstrate that a candidate can use everyday written and spoken English for work and study purposes. By taking up and passing the B2 First (formerly known as FCE First Certificate Exam), the candidate certifies that they can understand the main ideas of complex communication, interact with some degree of fluency and spontaneity without great difficulty, engage in discussion in both familiar and unfamiliar situations, interact spontaneously without too much trouble, and communicate in detail, appropriate to the purpose and audience. According to this level of English, the candidates have the language skills to communicate in English, travel, live and work independently in an English-speaking country. They should also be able to participate in face-to-face discussions, follow the news on English-speaking TV / radio channels and websites, podcast, write emails, texts, letters, reports, stories, essays and the like.
A significant number of higher education institutions accept B2 First for admissions or exemption purposes. This includes universities based in:
Australia (e.g. Box Hill Institute)
Canada (e.g. Thompson Rivers University)
Germany (e.g. Freie Universität Berlin)
Hong Kong (e.g. City University of Hong Kong)
Netherlands (e.g. University of Amsterdam)
USA (e.g. The Illinois Institute of Art, Chicago).
Many companies worldwide accept B2 First as part of their recruitment processes or use it for training and development. These include Deloitte, Ernst & Young, HSBC, Marks & Spencers, and Nestlé.
See also
Cambridge Assessment English
Cambridge English Qualifications
A2 Key
B1 Preliminary
C1 Advanced
C2 Proficiency
References
External links
Website for B2 First
Website for B2 First for Schools
Standardized tests for English language
English-language education
English language tests
University of Cambridge examinations
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe%20Crede
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Joe Crede
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Joseph Taylor Crede (pronounced CREE-dee, born April 26, 1978) is an American former professional baseball third baseman. He played in Major League Baseball for the Chicago White Sox (2000-2008) and the Minnesota Twins (2009). Crede was drafted by the White Sox in the 5th round of the 1996 amateur draft and made his debut with the team in 2000.
Crede was a member of the White Sox when they won the World Series in 2005, marking their first championship in 88 years.
Professional career
Chicago White Sox
In 2005, he hit 22 home runs with 62 RBIs. He also was a clutch performer in the playoffs, hitting several game winning hits during the White Sox World Series run. In 2006, he broke out with a career-high 30 home runs, 92 RBIs and a .283 average, winning the Silver Slugger Award for third base. In 2007, he only hit 4 home runs and drove in 17 due to surgery. In 2008 Crede hit a grand slam on opening day. He made the 2008 MLB All-Star Game. He hit .248 with 17 home runs and 61 RBIs. 2008 also ended with back surgery.
Minnesota Twins
Crede signed a contract with the Minnesota Twins prior to the 2009 season. In his one season with the Twins, Crede had a .225 batting average and hit 15 home runs in 90 games. On September 20, Crede announced he would undergo a third season-ending back surgery.
Colorado Rockies
Crede signed a minor league contract with an invitation to spring training with the Colorado Rockies after a 1-year absence from baseball. He became a free agent on February 17, 2011, when he decided not to show up for spring training. Crede then retired.
Personal life
On October 22, 2005, the same day as the due date of his second daughter, Lucy, Crede hit his first World Series home run. On November 6, 2005, Crede was honored by his hometown of Westphalia, Missouri, with "Joe Crede Day," where he was presented the key to the city. In February 2006, Crede's high school, Fatima High School in Westphalia, Missouri, retired his jersey. Joe's older brother Brad won a high school baseball state championship with Fatima High School in '92, and an NCAA Division II National Championship with CMSU in '94. He was drafted by the Orioles after high school but chose to play in college first. He was drafted again after college by the Phillies on the same day Joe was drafted. Crede and his wife Lisa have two daughters, Anna and Lucy and one son, Jace. He lives in mid-Missouri, and is a season-ticket holder for Missouri Tigers basketball.
Teammate Aaron Rowand praised Crede's ability to deliver in big moments. “There’s nobody better than that guy in the clutch,” Rowand told reporters. “He’s done it over and over and over again. It’s not the first time, and it definitely won’t be the last time.”
References
External links
1978 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Jefferson City, Missouri
Chicago White Sox players
Minnesota Twins players
Major League Baseball third basemen
Baseball players from Missouri
American League All-Stars
Gulf Coast White Sox players
Hickory Crawdads players
Winston-Salem Warthogs players
Birmingham Barons players
Charlotte Knights players
Silver Slugger Award winners
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17473075
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%20Insurance
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China Insurance
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China Insurance may refer to:
People's Insurance Company of China, the only insurance company of Mainland China before the 1980s
, formerly China Insurance Company, Limited, a former overseas subsidiary of People's Insurance Company of China, now a separate conglomerate
China Taiping Insurance Holdings, formerly China Insurance International Holdings, a subsidiary of China Taiping Insurance Group Limited, a listed company
See also
China Life Insurance Company
Insurance industry in China
China Insurance Regulatory Commission
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15244887
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maeda%20Matsu
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Maeda Matsu
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, also known as Omatsu no Kata (お松の方) (1547–1617), was a Japanese noble lady and aristocrat of the 16th century. She was the wife of Maeda Toshiie, who founded the Kaga Domain. Matsu had a reputation for intelligence; she was skilled at both literary and martial arts, she fought alongside her clan. Known for her fierce determination, Matsu was vitally important to the success of the Maeda clan, being at the forefront of many political and diplomatic issues. She was eternalized for saving the Maeda clan from Tokugawa Ieyasu in Battle of Sekigahara and Siege of Osaka.
Early life
Matsu has unknown origins, but speculation identifies her as the daughter of Shinohara Kazue, one of Oda Nobuhide's chief archers. Her mother was probably Maeda Toshiie's aunt, which means that she was born as Toshiie's cousin. Kazue died when Matsu was still a child, so his mother, to prevent his family from falling into poverty, married Takahata Naokichi, a retainer of the Maeda clan. These speculations are present in Hayashi-uji Nichikai Tsunenobu, written by Hayashi Tsunenobu, however, the veracity of the information about the early life of Maeda Matsu is quite questioned, due to the negative relationship that Tsunenobu had with the Oda clan.
Another speculation observed in Kagahan Shiryō notes that his father was an unidentified member of the Shinohara clan. It was also argued that she was the daughter of Shinohara Chikuami, who may or may not have family ties with the Maeda family.
Arrival to the Maeda clan
Matsu is described as a determined person from the first years of life, it is said that she refused to go to the clan that her mother would marry, choosing to be adopted by her uncle.
The only reliable source about Matsu's early career is that Maeda Toshimasa (Maeda Toshiie's father) decided to adopt her after her mother's remarriage. In 1558, when she was twelve, she married Toshiie who was 21. It was said that their love was genuine, despite the social expectations of the time for weddings and even though the wedding was only for political reasons.
During the time they spent together, she gave birth to nine daughters and two sons for him. She had her first child, Kōhime, when she was thirteen years old. She lived at Fuchu Castle in 1575 and then at Nanao Castle in 1581. As Matsu was close to the Toyotomi clan, she and her family secured a lot of power and political influence. For as long as she has been married to Toshiie, Matsu began her lifelong friendship with Nene (Hideyoshi's wife) and Ōmandokoro (Hideyoshi's mother). These three women are said to have had a lot of political power on their own and daily participated in councils to debate the growing success that the Maeda clan and the Toyotomi clan .
Hideyoshi was born from a poor background, he was friends with Toshiie from an early age, it is said that they both helped Omandokoro with the family's crops and shared the reward together. Due to the closeness that Toshiie and Matsu had with members of the Toyotomi clan, Matsu offered Gōhime, her fourth daughter, to Hideyoshi and Nene who never gave birth to a child.
Battle of Shizugatake
After Nobunaga's assassination at Honnō-ji (本能寺) by Akechi Mitsuhide and Mitsuhide's subsequent defeat by Hideyoshi, Maeda clan battled Hideyoshi under Shibata Katusie's command in the Battle of Shizugatake. Because Maeda Matsu was a close friend of Nene (Hideyoshi's wife), she and Nene negotiated a peace treaty during the battle. Matsu personally advanced the battlefield and asked for mercy for the Maeda clan, Hideyoshi was thrilled with her words to spare her husband. Her act is often romanticized as a sign of devotion to Toshiie, although historians argue that it was probably an independent act of self-preservation carried out within her domain of influence.
As a samurai wife, Maeda Matsu had such political power and influence in her domain. The position of wife of a warlord was more political than marital, so Matsu is famous for being extremely skilled in fighting, in domestic and also military affairs. She actively participated in councils, accompanied the Maeda clan to the battlefield in Shizugatake and many other military expeditions.
After days of battle, Hideyoshi's victory was certain, so Katsuie committed seppuku, after killing his wife, Oichi (Nobunaga's sister) and other members of his household, and set it on fire. Matsu and Toshiie escaped Shizugatake alive, due to Matsu having asked Hideyoshi and Nene to spare Toshiie from death, she successfully kept the Maeda clan alive.
After Shibata's defeat, Toshiie worked for Hideyoshi and became one of his leading generals. Toshiie received his own properties and a new home, Kanazawa Castle. For the first time in his life, Toshiie possessed considerable wealth and sought to protect it. Then Matsu handed over her daughter, Maahime, to become Hideyoshi's concubine, thus maintaining a diplomatic relationship between the two clans.
Siege of Suemori Castle
According to Kawasumi Taikōki, Toshiie's greed took precedence and interrupted his daily routine. When Sassa Narimasa posed a threat to Suemori Castle in 1584, Toshiie hesitated to answer the call and risk his life in battle. Then Toshiie left the defense of the castle because of Okumura Nagatomi and his wife Katō Tsune to expel the 15,000 soldiers from the coalition of Sassa Narimasa and Tokugawa Ieyasu.
Then Maeda Matsu confronted Toshiie, mocking him, she said a phrase that became famous in history:"How about bringing your gold and silver along by poking through them with your spear?" At first, Toshiie was outraged by her sarcasm. While trying, he took her words as a challenge to prove himself and was reinvigorated to go to the battlefield and defend Suemori Castle. Because of Matsu's confrontation, Toshiie appeared in the battle as reinforcements, then Nagatomi and Tsune successfully managed to defend Suemori castle. With this action of Maeda Toshiie's, he became established as the most powerful daimyō in the Kaga Province.
Another story about Matsu and Suemori Castle has a different take on her behavior. Before her husband and retainers left Kanazawa Castle for the siege, Matsu approached them in person and boldly announced:"If fortune fails you at Suemori Castle, do not intend on returning home alive. Everyone here, including myself, shall set this castle ablaze and bring our families here to perish." Matsu personally tied Toshiie's helmet with her death poem and dressed the wives of the men for death as the army left for war. Whether it be an angry spat or a decisive pledge, Matsu's words were said to have led to the Maeda's high morale in battle.
Service under Hideyoshi
Hideyoshi becomes the most powerful man in Japan and begins his campaign for unification. The Maeda clan participates in several battles, until the Siege of Odawara in 1590, a battle that led to the unification of Japan in the name of Hideyoshi.
After the unification, Hideyoshi and Toshiie clashed in 1595 over the inheritance of Tsuruchiyo, a son born to one of Nobunaga's daughters (Fuyuhime) and the late Gamō Ujisato. Hideyoshi was preparing the boy to become one of his possible successors and Toshiie disapproved of him from various angles, refusing to attend Osaka castle for three years. When Matsu became aware of the situation, she appealed to Nene to listen to Toshiie's side. Nene passed the news to Hideyoshi who reflected and finally addressed the retainers' anger for leaving the Gamō clan without a successor.
Before dying in 1598, Hideyoshi named Toshiie to the council of Five Elders to support Toyotomi Hideyori until he was old enough to take control on his own. Matsu gained the position of nanny of Toyotomi Hideyori (Yodo-dono's son and Hideyoshi's successor). She was in the position of a nanny, such as attending with Hideyoshi's wife and even at the cherry blossom viewing of Daigo and became in her own a retainer of the Toyotomi clan.
During the Daigo Flower Viewing, Matsu was treated as a honored guest of the ceremony before 1,300 retainers and female attendants. She rode the sixth palanquin to the grand event. The famous Yodo-dono (Oichi's daughter and Oda Nobunaga's niece) and Kyōgoku Tatsuko were ready to wage war over who should receive the cushion seat next to Nene, a honored seat next to Hideyoshi's first wife. Matsu calmly slid onto it and replied:"In order of whom is the oldest amongst us, I should be right here". Ordinarily she should have been seated within the guests section, but Matsu's sagacity silenced the ladies from bickering and the event proceeded without incident. In 1598, Hideyoshi dies, leaving Hideyori in Toshiie's care, but Toshiie dies soon after. When Toshiie died, Matsu became a Buddhist nun and changed her name to Hōshun-In. Maeda Toshimasa (Matsu's second son) was given a 215,000 koku fief in Noto province after Toshiie's death.
Battle of Sekigahara
After the death of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, the power of the Toyotomi clan declined and Japan would go to war again. The five regents he had appointed to rule in Hideyori's place began jockeying amongst themselves for power. When Toshiie died, the situation worsened and an armed conflict was inevitable. Hideyoshi's chief consort, Nene, went to the Imperial Palace after her husband's death. Hideyoshi's son and successor was very young and could not rule in his place, giving Yodo-dono all the political prestige left by Hideyoshi. However, the situation would not be easily controlled, so Ishida Mitsunari under the influence of Hideyori's mother, Yodo-dono, went to war against Tokugawa Ieyasu.
In 1600, Toshimasa sided with Western army, supported Ishida Mitsunari during the Sekigahara Campaign and had evidently plotted to assassinate Tokugawa Ieyasu beforehand. Her brother Maeda Toshinaga (Matsu's first son) sided with Eastern army of Tokugawa Ieyasu after Hosokawa Tadaoki convinced him. Matsu's seventh daughter, Maeda Chiyo, was the wife of Hosokawa Tadataka (son of Hosokawa Tadaoki) of the Eastern Army, and Matsu's fourth daughter, Gō, who was adopted by Hideyoshi, was the wife of Ukita Hideie of the Western Army. Matsu's other daughters and relatives were part of one of the two armies
At the time of the Battle of Sekigahara, Toshinaga role was primarily to contain the forces of Uesugi Kagekatsu and Niwa Nagashige, and at the same time, to keep the forces of his younger brother, Maeda Toshimasa from joining the western army. Because of Toshimasa sided with Mitsunari, the Maeda family was accused of revolt against Tokugawa Ieyasu and being close to the Toyotomi clan, ran the risk of being annihilated by the Tokugawa clan. Matsu was voluntarily hostage to the capital of Edo, she did not bother to sacrifice herself to ensure the survival of the Maeda clan.
Later life
Matsu spent 14 years as a prisoner at Edo Castle, the capital of the new shogun, Tokugawa Ieyasu, whom she hated as she watched him, her husband, and Hideyoshi vying for power. She struggled to maintain a friendly relationship with the members of the Tokugawa family, due to her determination, Ieyasu spared the Maeda clan from being annihilated and offered feuds and high social status to Matsu's children.
After the defeat and extinction of the Toyotomi clan in the Siege of Osaka in 1615, she was free to leave. Matsu eventually died in Kanazawa Castle becoming a figure of great respect for her heroic deed.
Family
Husband: Maeda Toshiie
First Son: Maeda Toshinaga
First Daughter: Kō (1559–1616) married Maeda Nagatane
Second daughter: Sho married Nakagawa Mitsushige
Third daughter: Maa (1572–1605) become Toyotomi Hideyoshi’s concubine later married Madenokoji Atsufusa
Fourth daughter: Gō (1574–1634) married Ukita Hideie
Fifth Daughter: Yome, Asano Yoshinaga's fiancée
Second Son: Maeda Toshimasa (1578-1638)
Sixth Daughter: Maeda Chiyo (1580–1641) married Hosokawa Tadataka later married Murai Nagatsugu
Cultural references
Actress Matsushima Nanako acted as Maeda Matsu in NHK Taiga drama Toshiie to Matsu in 2002. In the TV mini-series Tenchijin, one of her sons sells her to Tokugawa Ieyasu in order to live.
She is depicted as either playable or non-playable characters in the video games: Devil Kings, Sengoku Basara X, Sengoku Basara 2, Sengoku Basara 2: Heroes, Sengoku Basara 3: Utage (all in which she was armed with naginata and summons beasts), Samurai Warriors 2, Samurai Warriors 2: Xtreme Legends, Samurai Warriors 3: Empires, Kessen, and Kessen III.
External links
1547 births
1617 deaths
16th-century Buddhist nuns
16th-century Japanese people
16th-century Japanese women
17th-century Buddhist nuns
17th-century Japanese women
17th-century Japanese people
Japanese Buddhist nuns
Japanese women in warfare
Maeda clan
Women in 16th-century warfare
Women in 17th-century warfare
Women of medieval Japan
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deathmaze%205000
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Deathmaze 5000
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Deathmaze 5000 is TRS-80 computer game written by Frank Corr, Jr. and published by Med Systems Software in 1980. It was ported to the Apple II and followed by the second game in the Continuum series, Labyrinth.
Gameplay
Deathmaze 5000 is a first-person graphic adventure in which the player begins on the top floor of a five-story building and moves through labyrinthine hallways, with a goal of escaping before starving to death. The adventurer must fight monsters, collect objects, and solve puzzles.
Reception
Russ Williams reviewed Deathmaze 5000 in The Space Gamer No. 47. Williams commented that "Deathmaze 5000 is an excellent game which will not be solved in a few weeks. If you like the prospect of a game that could last you for a very long time, get it. It's better than many [more expensive] games I've seen, both in price and in gaming value."
References
External links
Review in 80 Micro
1980 video games
Apple II games
Horror video games
Survival video games
TRS-80 games
Video games developed in the United States
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20093064
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay%20%28magazine%29
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Gay (magazine)
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Gay was Toronto's first gay magazine, published almost simultaneously with ASK Newsletter, together among Canada's first gay magazines. The magazine was first printed on 30 March 1964. The earliest periodical anywhere to use "Gay" in its title. Produced by four Toronto men in a commercial venture, the Gay Publishing Company, Gay ran "serious" articles, letters to the editor, a diary, gossip columns, a feature called the "Gabrial Club", poetry, fiction, politics and a discreet personal column. Gay was illustrated, usually with photographs of drag queens, but also including physique photography.
Intended for a "mainstream" gay audience, it reflected cautious reformism, defending the rights and normalcy of a constituency living in a hostile environment. This was not unlike the political activism emerging in a few large American and European cities before more confrontational activism. Gay also published articles on Toronto police raids on bars, and on the calls for social and political change that were beginning to surface.
The first 500-copy issue sold out almost immediately. With a print-run of 2000 copies by issue three, the magazine was distributed to a number of outlets in Toronto and Montreal. Shortly afterwards, Gay expanded into the United States as Gay International. It quickly outstripped American publications' distribution, and by the spring of 1965 it was distributing 20,000 copies across North America and selling about 8000. Publication ended in 1966 when criminal charges were levied against one of its central creators.
References
1960s LGBT literature
1964 establishments in Ontario
1966 disestablishments in Ontario
Defunct magazines published in Canada
Gay culture in Canada
Gay history
Gay men's magazines
LGBT culture in Toronto
LGBT history in Canada
LGBT-related magazines published in Canada
Magazines disestablished in 1966
Magazines established in 1964
Magazines published in Toronto
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McEntegart
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McEntegart
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McEntegart is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Bryan Joseph McEntegart (1893–1968), American Catholic prelate
Pete McEntegart, American sportswriter
Sean McEntegart (born 1970), Irish footballer
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2507903
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WPXU
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WPXU
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WPXU may refer to:
WPXU-TV, a television station (channel 16, virtual 35) licensed to serve Jacksonville, North Carolina, United States
WPXU-LD, a low-power television station (channel 38) licensed to serve Amityville, New York, United States
WBUI, a television station (channel 23) licensed to serve Decatur, Illinois, United States, which used the call sign WPXU from May 1998 to June 1999
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Reid%20%28entertainment%20reporter%29
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Richard Reid (entertainment reporter)
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Richard Reid is an Australian-based American entertainment reporter. He is known for his daily Hollywood gossip segment on the Nine Network's breakfast program Today from 2006 until 2015. During this time, he was also the resident style expert on Nine's makeover show, Domestic Blitz and appeared on other Nine programs such as 20 to One.
More recently, he has been a regular contributor to Network Ten's morning program, Studio 10.
In 2015, Reid appeared on the fourth season of Nine's reality show, The Celebrity Apprentice Australia.
In 2019, Reid appeared on the fifth season of Network Ten reality show, I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!.
Biography
Hired as an entertainment reporter for Northwest Cable News in Seattle, Washington, Richard caused a stir in 1999 when he became the first openly gay on-air personality in the region. He quickly became known for his hilarious celebrity interviews, insider gossip and his ‘Richard’s Reels’ movie reviews.
In 2004, Richard moved to Hollywood and established a name for himself as a producer, creating daily stories for Access Hollywood, Entertainment Tonight, The Insider and the E! Network. While working on the Paramount Pictures lot, Richard began doing the occasional gossip cross for the Australian Today Show which immediately caught on with viewers. Soon, that once-a-week segment became a permanent fixture, culminating with four live crosses to Hollywood each and every day. He remained with the show for 8 years.
In 2008, Richard joined forces with Scott Cam and Shelley Craft as a team member on the popular Sunday night reality series Domestic Blitz. The show ran for four series.
Having parted ways with Today, he would work again with Nine Network in 2015 as a cast member on the fourth season of The Celebrity Apprentice Australia. While he appeared on every episode, he was fired in a double elimination on the second to the last episode.
In 2019, Richard was lured back into the reality show genre, flying to South Africa to join series five of I'm a Celebrity Get Me Out of Here! The Network Ten series proved to be a major hit with viewers, who in turn crowned Richard “King of the Jungle,” winning the entire series.
In July 2019, Reid made his Australian stage debut in Bonnie Lythgoe’s spectacular 3D musical production of Jack and Beanstalk at Sydney's historic State Theatre.
Dividing his time between Los Angeles and Sydney, Richard appears as a contributing panelist on Network Ten’s morning show Studio Ten.
In February 2020, Reid was featured in First Dates Australia.
References
1968 births
Living people
21st-century American journalists
American television reporters and correspondents
American male journalists
The Apprentice Australia candidates
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (Australian TV series) winners
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (Australian TV series) participants
Place of birth missing (living people)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve%20Hill%20%28evangelist%29
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Steve Hill (evangelist)
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Steve Hill (January 17, 1954 – March 9, 2014) was an American Christian clergyman and evangelist. He is best known as the evangelist who preached in what became known as the Brownsville Revival. It was a series of meetings at Brownsville Assembly of God in Pensacola, Florida that began on Father's Day, 1995 and continued for five years. In 2000, Hill moved to the Dallas/Fort Worth area in Texas to resume traveling evangelism. In 2003, he founded Heartland Family Church in the Las Colinas section of Irving, Texas, a suburb of Dallas.
Drug use and conversion
Hill was born in Ankara, Turkey to an American serviceman and his wife. As a teenager, Hill got heavily into alcohol and illicit drugs. At the age of twenty-one due to the effects of drug abuse, his body began to shut down one Saturday morning. For three days he suffered through extreme convulsions. On October 28, 1975, Hill's mother invited Hugh Mozingo, a Lutheran minister, to come see him. Monzingo said to him, "Steve, I can't help you, but I know someone who can. His name is Jesus." In desperation, Hill reports that he began to say the name, "Jesus", and instantly the convulsions stopped. He also says that at that moment every addiction he had to drugs and alcohol was immediately gone. Hill reports that as the day he gave his life to Christ and never looked back.
A few weeks after his conversion experience, Hill was arrested at his parents' home in Huntsville, Alabama and was facing 25 years in prison for drug trafficking. In a testimony at Garywood Assembly of God in Hueytown, Alabama in 2005, Hill told the congregation that he would have gone to prison if it were not for the mercy of the presiding judge who agreed to remand Hill to the Teen Challenge drug rehabilitation program instead of sending him to prison. Hill graduated from Teen Challenge and eventually became a staff worker for the program.
Ministry and revival
Hill went on to graduate from a two-year ministry training school run by Teen Challenge founder David Wilkerson. From there, he served on the staff with Outreach Ministries of Alabama, then as a youth pastor at several churches in Florida. In the mid-1980s, he and his wife became missionaries, holding crusades and planting churches in Argentina, Spain, and Belarus. Early in 1995, Hill went to London, England where a revival was happening at Holy Trinity Brompton Anglican Church. The pastor, Sandy Millar, prayed for Hill. A few months later, Hill stopped at Brownsville Assembly on Father's Day to preach one service before heading off to minister in Russia.
The revival began on what is popularly known as the Pensacola Outpouring. A video of the service is available online and appears less dramatic than the services were later claimed to have been. Some congregants at the service spoke of the presence of "a mighty wind" that blew through the church. This account rapidly spread across the Pentecostal community, but gained little attention in the mainstream media until the Associated Press wrote about it in March 1997.
As word spread of the revival at Brownsville, Hill canceled all plans to go to Russia, and preached several revival services each week for the next five years
Criticisms
The Pensacola News Journal ran a series of articles in 1997 about the Brownsville Revival and its leaders. It had written glowing reports about the revival when it first began, but began a four-month investigation after receiving word that all was not as it appeared. The award-winning investigative report cited financial irregularities. For example, the four main ministers failed to provide to anyone upon request the amount of money received and income derived from the revival, related arena meeting, and the sale of revival merchandise. Brownsville Assembly of God answered the News Journals allegations by publishing a two-page spread entitled "The Facts of the Brownsville Revival".
Death
Stephen Hill died on March 9, 2014, from melanoma cancer, which he had for six years. A posting on his Facebook page read "Today, March 9 Steve crossed the finish line. Steve lived every day with eternity in view, today he finally saw it with his own eyes. The Church has lost a general in the faith, heaven has gained a saint. Please remember Jeri, Ryan, Shelby, Kelsey and the family in your prayers. Details will be posted soon."
His son Ryan died in October 2014 from either an accidental or homicidal overdose. The detectives told the Hill family that they will never be able to identify the true cause. Ryan pursued media productions until he died.
References
External links
Heartland Family Church (Hill's church)
Heartland School of Ministry (Hill's Ministry School)
ChristianWord.org interview with Steve Hill
Steve Hill School of Evangelism (Hill's School of Evangelism)
American Assemblies of God pastors
People from Ankara
People from Irving, Texas
2014 deaths
1954 births
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%20routes%20of%20U.S.%20Route%2029
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Special routes of U.S. Route 29
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Several special routes of U.S. Route 29 exist. In order from south to north they are as follows.
Alternate routes
Palmetto–Red Oak alternate route
Business loops
Lawrenceville–Winder business loop
U.S. Route 29 Business (US 29 Bus.) was established in 1998 along a former segment of US 29 and travels concurrent with Georgia State Route 8 (SR 8). The highway begins just northeast of Lawrenceville and heads north of SR 316 (University Parkway, which is concurrent with the US 29 mainline) from Dacula. Then, it continues parallel to US 29/SR 316 through the cities of Auburn, Carl, and Winder. Then, it travels concurrent with SR 53 and heads southeast to intersect with US 29/SR 316 again, therefore making this the end of US 29 Bus. The portion of US 29 Bus. from the western end of the SR 11 and SR 53 concurrencies in Winder to its eastern terminus, is part of the National Highway System, a system of routes determined to be the most important for the nation's economy, mobility, and defense.
Anderson business loop
U.S. Route 29 Business (US 29 Bus.) is a business route of US 29 that partially exists within the city limits of Anderson. It was established in 1947 when US 29 was rerouted onto a bypassing route around Anderson; it follows the original alignment through Anderson, via Sayre Street, Main Street, Greenville Street, and Williamston Road. In 1962, it was rerouted from Main Street to Murray Avenue through downtown. The route is two-lane along both Sayre Street and Williamston Road, and four-lane along Murray Avenue and Greenville Street. Signage in area clearly marks the business loop, but indicates the mainline or bypass US 29 as a truck route.
Reidsville business loop 2
U.S. Route 29 Business was established in 1973 when US 29 was rerouted onto new freeway bypassing east of Reidsville. The current business loop alignment was originally the first bypass going west around Reidsville, established in 1957. The entire route is two-lane, with a medium at some locations and interchanges at major junctions.
Danville business loop 2
The second incarnation of U.S. Route 29 Business through Danville was established in April 1996, following the old alignment of US 29 through downtown Danville after the Danville Expressway was constructed. The business loop begins just south of the state line in North Carolina, which continues straight along West Main Street. It switches onto Memorial Drive and then onto Central Boulevard, via a cloverleaf interchange. Continuing north, the road name changes to Piney Forest Road, reconnecting with mainline US 29 near Blairs. The entire route is four-lane.
Chatham business loop
U.S. Route 29 Business through Chatham was established in 1965 when mainline US 29 was given a new bypass east of the town. This two-lane business loops goes through downtown Chatham, via Main Street.
Gretna business loop
U.S. Route 29 Business through Gretna was established in 1975 when mainline US 29 was given a new bypass west of the town. This two-lane business loops goes through downtown Gretna, via Main Street.
Hurt-Altavista business loop
U.S. Route 29 Business through the towns of Hurt and Altavista was established in 1974 when mainline US 29 was given a new bypass west of both towns. This two-lane business loops goes through downtown Hurt and Altavista, via Main Street.
Lynchburg-Amherst business loop
U.S. Route 29 Business through Amherst was established in 1969 when mainline US 29 was given a new bypass east of the town. In October 2005, the business route was extended south through Madison Heights and Lynchburg when the bypass was extended further south. Starting from its southern terminus it goes north along Wards Road, a four-lane divided highway, which borders Liberty University. Switching onto the Lynchburg Highway (exit 9), it continues as a freeway through Lynchburg until reaching Madison Heights, where it turns into a four-lane undivided highway. Continuing north, it becomes a divided highway before eventually making the first reconnect with US 29. The business loop continues north after the interchange, reducing down to a two-lane with medium highway through Amherst, as its Main Street. Northeast of Amherst, it makes a final reconnection with US 29, via a half-clover interchange.
Lovingston business loop
U.S. Route 29 Business through Lovingston was established in 1969 when mainline US 29 was given a new bypass west of the town. This two-lane business loops goes through downtown Lovingston, via Front Street.
Charlottesville business loop
U.S. Route 29 Business through Charlottesville was established in 1966 when mainline US 29 was given a new bypass west of the city. It starts east on a divided two-lane known as Fontaine Avenue. Switching onto Emmet Street, it goes through the campus of the University of Virginia, on a two-lane plus turn lane, expanding into a divided four-lane before reconnecting with mainline US 29.
Madison business loop
U.S. Route 29 Business through Madison was established in 1962 when mainline US 29 was given a new bypass east of the town. This short two-lane highway has not changed since, going through Madison via Main Street.
Culpeper business loop
U.S. Route 29 Business through Culpeper was established in 1973 when mainline US 29 was rerouted onto new expressway bypassing south then east around Culpeper. Following the original alignment, it begins as a divided 4-lane highway (Madison Road) going into the downtown area, where it meets with US 522 and US 15 Business. Going through the downtown area along Main Street, it soon widens back out as a four-lane divided highway, called James Madison Highway, in the northern section of town. Leaving the city limits, it becomes a two-lane highway before reconnecting with mainline US 15/US 29.
Remington business loop
U.S. Route 29 Business (US 29 Bus) through Remington, which shares a complete concurrency with US 15 Bus, was established in 1975 when mainline US 15/US 29 was given a new bypass west of the town. This two-lane business loop goes through downtown Remington, via Remington Road (Culpeper County) and James Madison Road (Fauquier County).
Warrenton business loop
U.S. Business Route 29 in Warrenton, Virginia is also multiplexed with US 15 Business and US 17 Business, at least at the southern end. After James Madison Highway becomes Shirley Avenue, US Bus 15 leaves this concurrency at Falmouth Street. US 211 joins the two Business routes as US 211 Business runs east along Waterloo Street and US 211-BUS 17/29 become Broadview Avenue. As the triplex curves right, and intersects Roebling Street, it becomes Lee Highway, and US 17 Business makes a left turn onto Broadview Avenue. US 29 Bus and US 211 continue on Lee Highway until the latter terminates at the junction with US 15 Bus (Blackwell Road). US 15 Bus and US 29 Bus continue along Lee Highway until terminating at the interchange with mainline US 15 and US 29. The business loop was established in 1986 when mainline US 29 was realigned on new expressway east of the city.
Connector routes
Williamston connector
U.S. Route 29 Connector (US 29 Conn.) is a connector route that connects US 29 west-southwest of Williamston with South Carolina Highway 20 (SC 20) in the town. It is unsigned, except for signs at each terminus.
Greenville connector route
U.S. Route 29 Connector (US 29 Conn.) is a connector route that connects US 276 (East Stone Avenue) with US 29 (North Church Street / Wade Hampton Boulevard) entirely within the city limits of Greenville. It shares the Wade Hampton Boulevard name with US 29 and is an unsigned highway.
Wade Hampton connector route
U.S. Route 29 Connector (US 29 Conn.) is a connector route that connects South Carolina Highway 291 (SC 291; Pleasantburg Drive), on the Greenville–Wade Hampton line, with US 29 (Wade Hampton Boulevard), in Wade Hampton proper. It is known as Pine Knoll Drive and is an unsigned highway.
Spur routes
Greenville spur route
U.S. Route 29 Spur (US 29 Spur) is a spur route that exists entirely within the city limits of Greenville. It connects US 29 (North Church Street) with US 276 (East Stone Avenue). It is known as Column Street and is an unsigned highway.
Truck routes
Union Springs truck route
U.S. Route 29 Truck is a long) truck route along Martin Luther King Boulevard South that is signed along Alabama State Route 197 in Union Springs, Alabama.
Former alternate routes
Greenville alternate route
U.S. Route 29 Alternate was established in 1938 as renumbering of mainline US 29 through Greenville. The routing took Main Street through the downtown area, then continued north via Buncombe Road, Rutherford Avenue, and Camp Road into Greer. In 1948, it was decommissioned and downgraded to secondary.
Spartanburg-Blacksburg alternate route
U.S. Route 29 Alternate was established in 1954 as renumbering of mainline US 29 through Spartanburg, Cowpens, Gaffney, and Blacksburg. In 1962, mainline US 29 was moved back on its original routing after sharing a few years with Interstate 85, thus decommissioning the alternate route.
Bessemer City alternate route
U.S. Route 29 Alternate (US 29A) was a short lived alternate route, which was established in 1937 after mainline US 29/US 74 was rerouted on a more direct path from Kings Mountain to Gastonia. In 1938, it was decommissioned and renumbered as parts of NC 161 and NC 274.
Kannapolis alternate route 1
U.S. Route 29 Alternate (US 29A) was a short lived alternate route, which was established in 1938 after mainline US 29 moved on a more bypass routing through Kannapolis, Landis, and China Grove. In 1940 mainline US 29 swapped with US 29A.
Kannapolis alternate route 2
U.S. Route 29 Alternate (US 29A) was established in 1940 as a new alternate routing from what is now the University City area to China Grove. After through Concord, it would have a brief reconnect with mainline US 29 before continuing its route through Kannapolis and Landis. In 1948, mainline US 29 was moved onto the alternate route, thus decommissioning it.
Kannapolis alternate route 3
U.S. Route 29 Alternate (US 29A) was established in 1948 as a renumbering of mainline US 29 from what is now the University City area to China Grove; being the third and final alternate route through Kannapolis. In 1953, US 29A was removed south of Concord and rerouted from Church Street to meet back with mainline US 29 along Cabbarrus Avenue (replacing an unconfirmed US 29A-1). The old routing continued as NC 49, except for Old Concord Road; in Concord, Union Street became part of US 601, while Wilshire Avenue and Old Charlotte Road were downgraded. In 1954, US 29A's southern terminus was truncated north of Concord, at US 29/US 601. On July, 1997, the entire alternate route was decommissioned.
Salisbury alternate route
U.S. Route 29 Alternate (US 29A) was established around 1945 as a new alternate routing of US 29 in downtown Salisbury. The short alternate loop used Bank Street, Lee Street, and Liberty Street. Around 1954 it was decommissioned and replaced by truck routes of US 52 and US 601.
Lexington alternate route
U.S. Route 29 Alternate (US 29A) was established in 1952 as a renumbering of US 29 through Lexington, via Main Street. In 1960 it was renumbered as US 29 Business.
Thomasville alternate route
U.S. Route 29 Alternate (US 29A) was established in 1952 as a renumbering of US 29/US 70 through downtown Thomasville, via Main Street and Turner Road; the entire route was in concurrency with US 70A. In 1957 it was absorbed by US 29A from High Point.
High Point alternate route 1
The first U.S. Route 29 Alternate (US 29A) in High Point was established in 1934 as a renumbering of NC 10A; the entire route was in concurrency with US 70A. It went north along Westchester Drive then east on Lexington Road/Greensboro Road back to mainline US 29/US 70. Around 1948, this alignment was replaced by mainline US 29/US 70.
High Point alternate route 2
The second U.S. Route 29 Alternate (US 29A) in High Point was established around 1948 after a renumbering of the mainline US 29/US 70 switched to follow the first alternate alignment through the city; the entire route was in concurrency with US 70A. The original routing followed English Road, Main Street, and Montlieu Avenue before reconnecting with the mainlines. In 1957, US 29A was extended on both directions: South replacing mainline US 29/US 70 along English Road into Thomasville to combine with its US 29A, via Main Street and Turner Road; North replacing mainline US 29 through Jamestown and Greensboro. Its concurrency with US 70A was decommissioned that same year. In 1960, US 29A was truncated north of Thomasville, at US 29/US 70, being replaced by US 29 Bus./US 70 Bus. through Thomasville. In 1969, US 29A was rerouted in Greensboro onto Lee Street (NC 6), Murrow Boulevard, and Summit Avenue; part of its former alignment continued on as US 421. In 1977, US 29A was rerouted in High Point to follow Kivett Drive then north onto College Drive-Harrison Street; its old alignment along Main Street became part of US 311. Around 1991, the entire route was decommissioned, most of it becoming secondary, except for English Road continuing as NC 68.
Greensboro alternate route
U.S. Route 29 Alternate (US 29A) was established in 1938 as a new alternate routing through downtown Greensboro, via Fairground Avenue (Chapman Street?) and Market Street; the entire rout was in concurrency with US 70A. By 1949, it was extended south to Lee Street, but was moved back to its terminus along Spring Garden Street by 1953. In 1957 it was decommissioned when mainline US 29/US 70 was rerouted onto freeways and its former alignment absorbed by High Point's US 29A.
Reidsville alternate route
U.S. Route 29 Alternate (US 29A) was established in 1957 as a renumbering of mainline US 29 through downtown Reidsville, via Scales Avenue and Madison Street. In 1960 it was renumbered as US 29 Business.
Danville alternate route 1
U.S. Route 29 Alternate was established in 1936 as new primary routing in downtown Danville. It began originally at the US 29/SR 86 then going north along Wilson Street and crossing the Dan River on Worsham Street Bridge before reconnecting with the mainline. In 1938, it was extended south connecting with mainline US 29 at Howeland Circle. The alternate route was decommissioned when a new alternate route was established bypassing the city of Danville. The complete list of city streets used are: Howeland Circle, Avondale Drive (which becomes Watson Street), Stokes Street, Jefferson Street, Green Street (which becomes Newton Street), Bridge Street, Wilson Street, and Worsham Street.
Danville alternate route 2
U.S. Route 29 Alternate was established in 1941 as a renumbering of SR 125 and as a bypass of downtown Danville. It originally began at the intersection of US 29/SR 125 (today Main Street at Bishop Road), going north onto Piedmont Drive/Piney Forest Road before reconnecting with mainline US 29, just north of SR 41. In May 1943, the alternate route was moved from Bishop Road to Memorial Drive to reconnect to mainline US 29. In December 1970, the alternate route was decommissioned, replaced by mainline US 29.
Lynchburg alternate route
U.S. Route 29 Alternate was established around 1947 as a new alternate routing from mainline US 29 from Fort Avenue to 12th Street then Main Street back to mainline US 29 at the bridge crossing the James River. In 1955, it was extended north into Madison Heights, ending at Amherst Highway and Lynchburg Expressway. In 1959, it was extended south Wards Avenue and Lynchburg Expressway; both extensions were due to mainline US 29 moving more onto the Lynchburg Expressway after each completed phase. In 1971, it was renumbered as US 29 Business.
Former business loops
LaGrange business loop
U.S. Route 29 Business (US 29 Bus) was a business route in LaGrange, Georgia that ran from the US 27/29 overlap along Greenwood Street to Hill Road to Hogansville Road ending on US 29 at Commerce Road and Youngs Mill Road. The route also ran in conjunction with Georgia State Route 14 Connector. Today, GA 14 Connector runs only along Broad Street.
Decatur business loop
U.S. Route 29 Business (US 29 Bus) was a business route in Decatur, Georgia that included Ponce de Leon Avenue and Church Street.
Lawrenceville–Athens business loop
U.S. Route 29 Business – was a short-lived business loop of US 29 in 1950 that spanned from Lawrenceville to Athens, Georgia and bypassed communities such as Winder and Bogart.
Greenville business loop
U.S. Route 29 Business (US 29 Bus.) was a business route of US 29 in Greenville. It was established in 1958 when mainline US 29 was rerouted onto new freeway south of Greenville. The business loop followed Grove Road, Augusta Street, Main Street, Elford Street, and Wade Hampton Boulevard. In 1962, it was decommissioned when US 29 returned to its original alignment through Greenville.
Charlotte business loop
U.S. Route 29 Business (US 29 Bus) was established in 1960 when US 29 was rerouted onto new freeway in concurrency with Interstate 85. The business loop began at the intersection Wilkinson Boulevard and Little Rock Road, in concurrency with US 74; it followed the old mainline route through Charlotte via Morehead Street, Graham Street, Dalton Street, and Tryon Street, reconnecting with mainline US 29 what is known today as the I-85 Connector (exit 42). In 1962, it was extended west into Belmont, at the intersection of Wilkinson Boulevard and Park Street (NC 273). In 1963, the route was decommissioned when mainline US 29 was moved back to its original alignment through Charlotte.
Salisbury business loop
U.S. Route 29 Business was established in 1960 as a renumbering of mainline US 29, which was rerouted east onto a completed section of Interstate 85. The business loop stayed along Main Street in both Salisbury and Spencer, reconnecting north of the Yadkin River. By 1964, the business loop was decommissioned when mainline US 29 reverted to its original alignment.
Lexington business loop
U.S. Route 29 Business was established in 1960 as a renumbering of US 29A, via Main Street; the entire route was in concurrency with US 70 Business. The route remained unchanged until September 2003 when it was decommissioned.
Thomasville business loop
U.S. Route 29 Business was established in 1960 was a renumbering of US 29A through downtown Thomasville, via Main Street and Turner Road; the entire route was in concurrency with US 70 Business. In 1962 it was decommissioned.
Reidsville business loop 1
U.S. Route 29 Business was established in 1960 was a renumbering of US 29A through downtown Reidsville, via Madison Street and Scales Avenue. It remained unchanged till 1973, when it was decommissioned after the completion of a new eastern bypass of US 29 and its old western bypass became Reidsville second US 29 Business loop.
Danville business loop 1
U.S. Route 29 Business was established in December 1970 as a renumbering of mainline US 29 through downtown Danville, via Main Street. In 1998, it was renumbered as SR 293 after mainline US 29 was moved onto a new bypass southwest around the city and its former alignment along Memorial Drive/Central Boulevard/Piney Forest Road become the second business loop through Danville.
Lynchburg business loop
U.S. Route 29 Business was established in 1971 as a renumbering of US 29 Alternate through downtown Lynchburg, via Memorial Drive, 5th Street, Main Street, and 7th Street over the James River. In 1988, the James River crossing was moved from Main Street and 7th Street to 5th Street. In October 2005, the business loop was renumbered as SR 163 after mainline US 29 was moved onto a new bypass west around the city and its former alignment along the Lynchburg Expressway became an extension of another existing business loop from Amherst.
Former connector routes
Spartanburg connector
U.S. Route 29 Connector was a connector route on the brief ( long) section of John B. White Sr. Blvd that was previously unsigned. It connected US 29 with SC 296 in Spartanburg. The route was removed when SC 296 was extended over it.
References
External links
29
29
29
29
29
U.S. Route 29
29
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46547001
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halvor%20Persson
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Halvor Persson
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Halvor Persson (born 11 March 1966) is a Norwegian former ski jumper.
References
External links
1966 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Bærum
Norwegian male ski jumpers
Norwegian people of Swedish descent
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141591
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wace
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Wace
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Wace ( 1110 – after 1174), sometimes referred to as Robert Wace, was a Medieval Norman poet, who was born in Jersey and brought up in mainland Normandy (he tells us in the Roman de Rou that he was taken as a child to Caen), ending his career as Canon of Bayeux.
Life
All that is known of Wace's life comes from autobiographical references in his poems. He neglected to mention his birthdate; some time between 1099 and 1111 is the most commonly accepted period for his birth.
The name Wace, used in Jersey until the 16th century, appears to have been his only name; surnames were not universally used at that time. It was quite a common first name in the Duchy of Normandy, derived from the Germanic personal name Wasso. The spelling and the pronunciation of this name were rendered different ways in the texts, according to the place where the copyists were from. In the various versions of the Roman de Rou, his name appears five times as Wace, then Gace (once), Vace, Vacce, Vaicce (three times all together). Until the 11th century, the w spelling corresponded to the pronunciation [w] (like in English) in Northern Normandy (including the Channel Islands), but it shifted to [v] in the 12th century. South to an isogloss corresponding more or less to the Joret line, [w] had been turned to [gw] and later [g] (like in common French). Today the name survives as the patronymic surname Vasse in Normandy and in the North of France and Gasse further south (including also Normandy).
It is speculated that he may have been of aristocratic origin, as he was sent to Caen to be educated, which would have been virtually impossible for most. His detailed writing on maritime matters may have stemmed from his island upbringing.
Around 1130 Wace returned to Caen and took ecclesiastical work, possibly as a teacher.
The date of Wace's death is uncertain. The most recent event described in the Roman de Rou may be dated to 1174. In the Rou, Wace also mentions Henry the Young King as living. The latter lived until 1183, which means that Wace probably did not revise the Rou after that date.
Works
His extant works include the Roman de Brut, a verse history of Britain, the Roman de Rou, and other works in verse, including the Lives of Margaret the Virgin and Saint Nicholas.
Roman de Brut
Roman de Brut (c. 1155) was based on the Historia Regum Britanniae of Geoffrey of Monmouth. It cannot be regarded as a history in any modern sense, although Wace often distinguishes between what he knows and what he does not know, or has been unable to find out. Wace narrates the founding of Britain by Brutus of Troy to the end of the legendary British history created by Geoffrey of Monmouth. The popularity of this work is explained by the new accessibility to a wider public of the Arthur legend in a vernacular language. In the midst of the Arthurian section of the text, Wace was the first to mention the legend of King Arthur's Round Table and the first to give the name Excalibur to Arthur's sword, although on the whole he adds only minor details to Geoffrey's text.
The Roman de Brut became the basis, in turn, for Layamon's Brut, an alliterative Middle English poem, and Peter Langtoft's Chronicle. Historian Matthew Bennett, in an article entitled "Wace and warfare," has pointed out that Wace clearly had a good understanding of contemporary warfare, and that the details of military operations he invents to flesh out his accounts of pseudo-historical conflicts can therefore be of value in understanding the generalities of warfare in Wace's own time.
Roman de Rou
His later work, the Roman de Rou, was, according to Wace, commissioned by Henry II of England. A large part of the Roman de Rou is devoted to William the Conqueror and the Norman conquest of England. Wace's reference to oral tradition within his own family suggests that his account of the preparations for the Conquest and of the Battle of Hastings may have been reliant not only on documentary evidence but also on eyewitness testimony from close relations—though no eyewitnesses would have been still alive when he began work on the text. The Roman de Rou also includes a mention of the appearance of Halley's Comet. The relative lack of popularity of the Roman de Rou may reflect the loss of interest in the history of the Duchy of Normandy following the incorporation of continental Normandy into the kingdom of France in 1204.
Language
The Romance language Wace wrote in is variously regarded as an Old Norman dialect of the Norman language, a dialect of Old French, or specifically the precursor of Jèrriais. Writers in Jersey have looked on Wace as the founder of Jersey literature, and Jèrriais is sometimes referred to as the language of Wace although the poet himself predated the development of Jèrriais as a literary language. Wace is the earliest known Jersey writer.
Although the name Robert has been ascribed to Wace, this is a tradition resting on little evidence. It is generally believed nowadays that Wace only had one name. As a clerc lisant, he was proud of his title of Maistre (master) and is consequently sometimes referred to as Maistre Wace.
There is a granite memorial stone to Wace built into the side of the States Building in Jersey's Royal Square. This includes a quote from the Roman de Rou that expresses the poet's pride in his place of birth:
Jo di e dirai ke jo sui
Wace de l’isle de Gersui
Modern Jèrriais:
J'dis et dithai qu'jé sis
Wace dé l'Île dé Jèrri
Modern French:
Je dis et dirai que je suis
Wace de l'île de Jersey
English:
I say and will say that I am
Wace from the Island of Jersey
See also
Anglo-Norman literature
Notes
References
Bratu, Cristian, « Je, auteur de ce livre »: L’affirmation de soi chez les historiens, de l’Antiquité à la fin du Moyen Âge. Later Medieval Europe Series (vol. 20). Leiden: Brill, 2019 ().
Bratu, Cristian, “Translatio, autorité et affirmation de soi chez Gaimar, Wace et Benoît de Sainte-Maure.” The Medieval Chronicle 8 (2013): 135–164.
Charles Foulon, "Wace" in Arthurian Literature in the Middle Ages, Roger S. Loomis (ed.). Clarendon Press: Oxford University. 1959.
Wace, Roman de Brut, ed. I. Arnold, 2 vols., Paris, 1938–1940.
Weiss, Judith, Wace's Roman de Brut. A History of the British. Text and Translation, Exeter, 2006.
Arnold, I., and Pelan, M., La partie arthurienne du Roman de Brut, Paris, 1962.
Wace, Roman de Rou, ed. J. Holden, 3 vols. Paris, 1970–1973.
Wace, Roman de Rou, ed. G. Burgess, Woodbridge, Suffolk, 2004.
External links
Wace, Chronicle of the Norman Conquest from Roman de Rou translated by Edgar Taylor, 1837.
12th-century Normans
Norman-language poets
Writers of Arthurian literature
12th-century births
12th-century deaths
Jersey writers
12th-century French poets
12th-century French writers
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19775931
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago%20High%20School%20for%20the%20Arts
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Chicago High School for the Arts
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Chicago High School for the Arts (ChiArts) is a public four–year college preparatory visual and performing arts high school located in the Humboldt Park neighborhood in Chicago, Illinois, United States. Operated by the Chicago Public Schools district, The school opened for the 2009–10 school year.
History
ChiArts curriculum is combined with intensive training in the performing and visual arts. A public high school open to all Chicago residents, ChiArts opened in the fall of 2009 with 150 freshmen divided among four arts areas: Dance, Music—Instrumental and Vocal, Theatre—divided into Acting and Musical Theatre, and Visual Arts. The program has added a fifth conservatory in 2014, Creative Writing. ChiArts was previously located at the Douglas school campus for 2009–10 and 2010–11 school years, where ChiArts shared the campus with John J. Pershing West Middle School. It shared the Doolittle West space at 521 East 35th Street in Bronzeville and the third floor with the James R. Doolittle, Jr. Elementary School next door from 2011 to 2014.
Over the summer of 2014, it moved to its permanent home located at 2714 W. Augusta Blvd, in the Ukrainian Village and Humboldt Park Community. It was scheduled to be in the former Lafayette School, which CPS closed since the number of students was too low.
Program
Students participate in a rigorous program of academics and arts education where they are in school from 8 am until 5 pm, with three of the last hours dedicated to the Arts each child joined.
Admission
Entrance into the school is through a competitive audition and application process. Students may audition for dance (novice and advanced), theatre (acting, musical theatre), visual arts, music (instrumental and voice), and Creative Writing.
History
In 2004, The Elizabeth Morse Charitable Trust and The Elizabeth Morse Genius Charitable Trust convened a group of approximately ten arts and education organizations to discuss the issue of diversity within mid- to large-sized arts organizations in Chicago and specifically the lack of representation in this landscape by professional artists representing the many ethnic communities who call Chicago home.
The Diversity Working Group (DWG) surveyed the Chicago landscape to identify existing educational resources for aspiring young artists across a broad age spectrum, keeping in mind the concentrated, focused training required to prepare young artists for professional careers. Incredible richness within the existing resources in Chicago's many excellent privately funded community music schools, youth orchestras, university music programs and major cultural institutions was clear. What was not found was a public institution that would provide a comprehensive learning environment with superior training at the high school level — a critical stage in development for the aspiring young artist. This age group stood out as the one area of greatest need and also that with greatest potential for positive impact.
Once it was decided to pursue the idea of an arts high school, the group undertook conversations with key senior administrative members from Chicago Public Schools to assess receptivity and possible options for the creation of an exceptional arts-focused educational institution in Chicago. DWG members conducted site visits and/or spoke to officials at several public and private arts high schools in other cities.
At this time, Renaissance 2010 became an avenue for establishing new schools and offering students and parents a quality choice in education. Civic leaders were identified by the DWG members to help become the executive committee that would lead the project through the application process. The Chicago Board of Education approved the school on October 24, 2007. The executive committee became the founding board of directors of the school. Currently, there are 29 members of the board of directors. In 2008, after year-long competitive national search, the ChiArts board of directors named Jose Ochoa as the founding Executive and artistic director of the school. Instruction began on September 8, 2009.
Partnerships
Numerous community arts programs, professional arts organizations and institutions of higher learning that specialize in the arts have come forward to join with ChiArts in making this type of educational experience available to Chicago residents through the public school system. Arts Partners include: Actors Gymnasium, Albany Park Theatre Project, American Theatre Company, About Face Theatre, Art Institute of Chicago, Art Resources in Teaching, Auditorium Theatre, Black Ensemble Theater, Chicago Arts Partnership in Education (CAPE), Chicago Chamber Musicians, Chicago Children's Choir, Chicago College of Performing Arts/Roosevelt University, Chicago Multicultural Dance Center, Chicago Sinfonietta, Chicago Shakespeare Theater, Chicago Symphony Orchestra, Chicago Youth Symphony Orchestras, Columbia College Chicago, Congo Square Theatre Company, Dance Works Chicago, DuSable Museum, Ensemble Español Center for Spanish Dance and Music, e Creative Arts Foundation, Goodman Theatre, Harris Theater, The House Theatre of Chicago, Hubbard Street Dance Chicago, Hyde Park Art Center, Hyde Park School of Dance, Hyde Park Suzuki Institute, Joel Hall Dancers & Center, Joffrey Ballet, Lifeline Theatre, Lookingglass Theatre, Lou Conte Dance Studio, Lyric Opera of Chicago, Marwen, Merit School of Music, Midwest Young Artists, Muntu Dance Theatre, Music Institute of Chicago, Music of the Baroque, National Museum of Mexican Art, Natya Dance Theatre, Pegasus Players, People's Music School, Piven Theatre Workshop, Puerto Rican Arts Alliance, Ravinia Festival, Redmoon Theater, Remy Bumppo Theatre Company, River North Chicago Dance Company, Rock for Kids, Ruth Page Foundation, Sherwood Conservatory, Sones de Mexico Ensemble, Steppenwolf Theatre, The Theatre School at DePaul University, Thelonius Monk Institute, Urban Gateways, UIC- College of Architecture and the Arts, UIC- College of Education, VanderCook College of Music, Victory Gardens Theater
Associations
ChiArts is a member of the following organizations:
National Guild of Community Arts Education, Arts Schools NETWORK, Illinois Arts Alliance
References
External links
Chicago High School for the Arts
Chicago Talks
Chicago Reader
Chicago Tribune
Catalyst Chicago
Record Star
Art schools in Illinois
Magnet schools in Illinois
Schools of the performing arts in the United States
Educational institutions established in 2009
Public high schools in Chicago
2009 establishments in Illinois
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43595403
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy%20Drew%3A%20Labyrinth%20of%20Lies
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Nancy Drew: Labyrinth of Lies
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Labyrinth of Lies is the 31st installment in the Nancy Drew point-and-click adventure game series by Her Interactive. The game is available for play on Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X platforms. It has an ESRB rating of E10+ for moments of mild violence and peril. Players take on the first-person view of fictional amateur sleuth Nancy Drew and must solve the mystery through interrogation of suspects, solving puzzles, and discovering clues. There are two levels of gameplay, Amateur and Master sleuth modes, each offering a different difficulty level of puzzles and hints, however neither of these changes affect the actual plot of the game. This game is loosely based upon the book The Greek Symbol Mystery.
Plot
Melina Rosi, the curator of the Phidias Cultural Center in Greece, hires Nancy Drew to assist with the museum's most anticipated event of the year. Persephone in Winter, a play about the myth of Persephone, is being performed in the amphitheater to drum up publicity for the new Life in Ancient Greece exhibit. However, artifacts from the exhibit are mysteriously disappearing. Are these mishaps connected to the amphitheater's upcoming performance, or is an unseen villain pulling strings behind the scenes?
Development
Characters
Nancy Drew (Lani Minella) - Nancy is an 18-year-old amateur detective from the fictional town of River Heights in the United States. She is the only playable character in the game, which means the player must solve the mystery from her perspective.
Xenia Doukas (Julia Stockton) - Playing the lead role in the performance of Persephone in Winter, Xenia is a talented actress who is also the show's director. She keeps busy with her work on the play, but is her sweet personality and demanding workload blinding Xenia from what's truly going on behind the scenes? Or is her obsession with being a great actress masking her true intentions?
Niobe Papadaki (Katherine Grant-Suttie) - Niobe plays the role of Demeter, Persephone's mother, but she is also the show's prop and stage artist. She has a strong interest in the museum's artifacts and is referencing the pieces for onstage props and design. Terrified of being onstage, Niobe tends to keep to herself and focuses on her work. But has Niobe been observing more than just artwork? Could she possibly shed some light on her other observations at the museum?
Thanos Ganas (Beau Prichard) - Hades, Greek god of the underworld, is large and intimidating, much like the actor who portrays him. Thanos lingers under the set, keeping an eye on all the stage hydraulics and making sure that the sets are working properly. He doesn't like anyone snooping under the stage and is very protective of the set. Is there more to reveal in the Underworld than Thanos is letting on?
Grigor Karakinos (Jeff Pierce) - Cast as Hermes the Messenger, Grigor is also the stage manager and technician for the play. He works backstage with the lights, lifts, and other various stage assets. Charming and talkative, Grigor seems to know everyone and everything that's going on. He may be helpful for picking up interesting information, but is he holding anything back?
Melina Rosi (Billie Wildrick) - The curator of the museum, Melina Rosi, has called you in to assist with the exhibit in time for the grand opening and upcoming play. Her museum staff are mysteriously abandoning their roles. However, Melina is undeterred and will do whatever it takes to hunt down the truth. No one is closer to the artifacts than Melina, but could she be hiding her true involvement in the missing exhibit pieces?
Frank Hardy (Jonah Von Spreekin) & Joe Hardy (Rob Jones) - Returning as phone contacts, the Hardy Boys are available to help you with your case. They can provide vital information regarding Greek myths and can shed additional light on the actors and the museum.
Release
The game was released on October 14, 2014, though pre-orders began on September 9, 2014.
References
2014 video games
Detective video games
Video games based on Nancy Drew
Point-and-click adventure games
Video games set in Greece
Windows games
MacOS games
Her Interactive games
Video games developed in the United States
Single-player video games
North America-exclusive video games
Video games based on Greek mythology
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20778601
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenway%20Partners
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Fenway Partners
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Fenway Partners is an American private equity firm that makes leveraged buyout and growth capital investments in transportation, logistics, consumer products and manufacturing companies in the middle market.
In 2002 Fenway acquired the molding equipment and customer base of Premier Tile. The price for the acquisition was 8.25 million.
The firm was founded in 1994 by Richard Dresdale (formerly Clayton, Dubilier & Rice) and Peter Lamm (formerly Butler Capital Partners) and has over $2 billion of capital under management. Since inception, the firm has raised three private equity funds. Fenway's first fund, closed on approximately $525 million of capital commitments in 1996 and just two years later, in 1998, the firm raised an additional $900 million of capital. As a result of several investments made in the 1998 fund, prior to the collapse of the dot-com bubble, performance in that fund was affected. Nevertheless, the firm was able to raise a successor fund in 2006 and 2007 with approximately $700 million of commitments from institutional investors.
Investments
Among the firms most notable investments are Targus, 1-800 Contacts, Coach America, Riddell, Bell Sports and Easton.
Targus Corporation
Fenway Partners acquired Targus Group International, an Anaheim, California-based company, for $382.5 million on November 22 of 2005. During the acquisition of Targus, the managing director at Fenway Partners, Timothy Mayhew, was quoted saying; “Targus has many of the elements Fenway looks for, including a leading market position, a diversified revenue base with high barriers to entry, strong free cash flow and dynamic industry characteristics. Targus was the original creator of carrying cases for portable computers and have since expanded into multiple electronics accessories including; backpacks, locks, keyboards and keypads, privacy screens, to name a few, and most recently with their acquisition of Sena, a high quality leather case maker, into the market of cases for smart phones.
1-800 Contacts
In 2007, Fenway Partners acquired 1-800 Contacts, a vendor and distributor of brand name contact lens, located in Draper, Utah. The price set for the acquisition of 1-800 Contacts was at premium of 21% over the highest reported share value within the last year and 34% over the closing price within the last month. In total, the purchase price was valued at $340 million.
On June 20th of 2012, Co-Founder of Fenway Partners, Peter Lamm, was quoted stating “We are very pleased with the outcome of our investment in 1-800 Contacts” after Fenway Partners sold 1-800 Contacts to WellPoint Inc., a health benefits firm, for approximately $900 million.
Riddell Sports Group
On July 7, 2003, Fenway Partners proudly announced their acquisition of Riddell Sports Group a sporting goods manufacturer. Riddell helmets are worn by more than 85% of NFL players, and in 2002 they released the first computer engineered football helmet in its efforts to help reduce concussions among athletes. As the leading manufacturer of football helmets, among other products such as pads and collectible replica items, Riddell posted revenues of over $100 million in 2002, the same figure for which it was acquired by Fenway Partners the following year.
Bell Sports
Bell Sports, a helmet and apparel manufacturer, was acquired by Fenway Partners in August 2004. Bell was acquired for an estimated $240 million. The purchase of Bell Sports, whose owner investors had planned to sell the company back in April, was powerful move for Fenway Partners as it planned to merge its newest asset with their recently acquired Riddell Sports Group.
Among the firm's most notable realized investments are high-end jewelry retailer Harry Winston and the Simmons Bedding Company.
Mergers
Riddell Sports Group/Bell Sports
“This is a merger of strengths in a sense” stated Tim Mayhew, managing director for Fenway Partners, who acquired Riddell Sports Group in 2003, and Bell Sports in 2004. The purchase of Bell was very fitting in expanding Fenway’s market share in the sports industries. By combining both these industry leaders, Bell from action sports and Riddell from the football industry, the company will now have the largest research and development facility, based in Santa Cruz, California., geared towards head protection in the world. Combined, these companies will now be producing over 8 million helmets a year and is expected to earn revenues upwards of $300 million in 2004.
CEO and president of Bell Sports, Bill Fry, was appointed to lead the combined companies’ management team due to his efforts in putting Bell back on top of their market, since he joined in 2001. Bill Sherman, Riddell CEO will remain in his current position as well as serving on the board of directors in regards to the company.
Riddell Bell Holdings/Easton Sports Inc.
Two years after the merger of Riddell and Bell, Fenway Partners were at it again by proposing a merger with their newest entity Riddell Bell Holdings and Easton Sports Inc. Easton is a sporting goods industry leader with departments spanning from cycling to baseball, hockey, motocross and even archery. In the past Easton has consistently earned yearly revenues similar to those of Riddell Bell and as a combined entity is expected to break the $600 million mark. Easton Sports Inc. was a subsidiary company of Jas D. Easton and its only subsidiary who was part of the merger. The head of Easton Sports, Jim Easton, was appointed Chair of the new combined entity. While the Riddel Bell merger earned Fenway a world leader in research and development in their fields, this merger created a behemoth in the sporting goods industry which will be “unsurpassed” stated Bill Sherman CEO of Riddell. Anthony Palma, who served as Easton’s CEO and president until 2008, said about Fenway’s new prized entity; “This company is now the number one baseball company, the number one football company, the number one in bike helmets, number one in snow helmets and the number one hockey innovation company. Yeah, there's a lot of number ones here. We like that."
Miscellaneous
The firm was named loosely in reference to Fenway Park, but the firm is based in New York City and has no connections with the Boston Red Sox, Fenway Park or Fenway Sports Group.
References
External links
Fenway Partners (company website)
Private equity firms of the United States
Financial services companies based in New York City
Financial services companies established in 1994
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25102249
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G.%20Dhananjayan
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G. Dhananjayan
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G. Dhananjayan (born 14 May 1965) is a film producer, columnist, and author of four books on Indian films. He has produced films in Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and Hindi languages, including Sankat City (2009), Kanden Kadhalai (2009), Mugamoodi (2012), Anjaan (2014) and Irudhi Suttru (2016). He has written as a columnist for Galatta Cinema, The Hindu Tamil and The Times of India.
Education and work
GD holds MBA degree from Sydenham Institute of Management SIMSREE, University of Mumbai (1991 batch) and earned his Ph.D degree from Mumbai University for his thesis on the Indian Film Industry in March 2019.
He worked in Asian Paints Ltd, Kansai Nerolac Paints, Saregama, Bharti Airtel and Vodafone for more than 15 years before joining Moser Baer Entertainment in 2006. Dhananjayan was company's Chief Operating Officer of Home Video Business and then Chief Executive Officer of the Film Business.
GD was one of the two founding members of Moser Baer Entertainment, which was set up in April 2006. Within a span of 6 months, GD acquired the copyright/marketing rights for over 10,000 film titles in ten languages, including Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Bengali, Marathi, Gujarati, Punjabi to launch DVDs and VCDs under the banner of Moser Baer. This allows competition with unauthorised copies of DVDs typically sold for very low prices.
GD was associated with UTV Motion Pictures (now called Disney-India) since January 2011 till February 2016 and was instrumental in producing number of films in South.
GD spends considerable time in interacting with students of various Film Institutes across India. He also delivered speeches at IIT, NIT and other management institutes on film business. GD is invited to various forums and programs to speak on film business, management and many other topics. GD also pursues speaking in All India Radio on public interest topics on many occasions and participates in several Television channel debates on Cinema.
GD has also made documentaries on legendary filmmakers. His first documentary on Producer-Director-Writer Panchu Arunachalam titled 'A Creator with Midas Touch' which was selected and screened at Indian Panorama of International Film Festival, Goa (2016) received widespread appreciation. His second documentary on legendary directors Krishnan-Panju was selected and screened at Mumbai International Film Festival (2017) received critical acclaim.
Movie production
At Moser Baer Entertainment GD ventured into film production with "Shaurya" in Hindi and "Vellitherai" in Tamil. Moser Baer then produced "Sankat City" and "Hide & Seek" in Hindi, "Raman Thediya Seethai", "Poo", "Abhiyum Naanum","Kanden Kadhalai", "Aval Peyar Thamizharasi" and "Siddhu +2" with K. Bhagyaraj in Tamil and "Kaana Kanmani" in Malayalam in a span of two years.
At UTV Motion Pictures (now called Disney-India) GD had acquired and also produced films in Tamil and Malayalam. The first film, UTV marketed after his joining was Deiva Thirumagal which was a critically acclaimed movie. He was involved in producing, marketing and distributing films. Under his supervision UTV had co-produced in Tamil "Vettai" and Vazhakku Enn 18/9 with Director N. Lingusamy's Thirrupathi Brothers, Kalakalappu and "Theeya Velai Seiyyanum Kumaru" with Sundar C's Avni Cinemax, M.Saravanan—Vikram Prabhu' Ivan Veramathiri and Suriya's Anjaan with Director N. Lingusamy's Thirrupathi Brothers, and "Naan Sigappu Manithan" with Vishal Film Factory. GD had produced under UTV banner "Muran", "Mugamoodi" ,"Thaandavam","Settai","Sigaram Thodu", Director S.P.Jhananathan—Arya-Vijay Sethupathi's "Purampokku" and Director Vishnuvaradhan—Arya's "Yatchan" in Tamil. In Malayalam UTV had produced "Grandmaster" and "Husbands in Goa". In his last assignment with UTV, GD was involved in the marketing of Director Sudha Kongara and Madhavan's “Irudhi Suttru" in 2016.
GD is currently an independent consulting film producer and distributor. In 2018 he produced Tamil films Mr. Chandramouli by Thiru (director), starring Karthik (actor), Gautham Karthik, Regina Cassandra, Varalaxmi Sarathkumar, Santhosh Prathap and others and Kaatrin Mozhi by Radha Mohan, starring Jyothika, Vidharth, Lakshmi Manchu and others.
GD is known for his full involvement while producing the film with his director and observes carefully the way the movie is moulding in-shape without setbacks. Director Cheran once mentioned in an interview that producers should be like GD by visiting the shooting spots and being a part of the production process, so that they will know what hurdles the film crew is facing while making a movie.
Movie Distribution
GD has distributed the film “Zero" in 2016 under his production banner Blue Ocean Entertainment. In May 2017, he commenced his distribution company Creative Entertainers and Distributors and distributed the successful film “Ivan Thanthiran". In 2018 GD distributed the film U Turn starring Samantha Prabhu in Tamil Nadu, which became a success.
GD's recently distributed film is "Kolaigaran" which was released on June 7, 2019 and "Kavalthurai Ungal Nanban" which got released on November 27, 2020. Both the films were commercial successes.
Writing career
GD is passionate about writing and has contributed several articles to Times of India, The Hindu Tamil, Dinathanthi Next, Deccan Chronicle, Indian Management, DNA, India Today and other publications.
GD has written a book about Tamil cinema titled The Best of Tamil Cinema: 1931 to 2010, in English, which was released by Legendary Actor Kamal Haasan on 2 March 2011 in the presence of eminent film makers. Super Star Rajinikanth personally appreciated the book by giving a memento for the fantastic research and writing on Tamil cinema. The book has reached out to many universities worldwide and has become a reference point on Tamil cinema for many interested foreigners to know about Tamil cinema.
GD's second book was "Pride of Tamil Cinema", released in 2014. The book was released at Indian Panorama, Goa in 2014 and it went on to win the National Award (Special Mention) for Best Writing on Cinema for the year 2014. The book is highly appreciated by the film industry for the impeccable documentation of the films.
GD's monthly column in 'Galatta Cinema' for two years was widely read by eminent personalities in South Indian Cinema and was appreciated for his professional contribution to South Cinema. His article series in Tamil newspaper 'The Hindu' was widely read and appreciated for the valuable contribution he is doing by enlightening the readers on the happenings in Tamil cinema and the changes required. His collection of Tamil articles was published by 'The Hindu' under the title ‘Vellithirayin Vetri Manthirangal’ which is today one of the best sellers from their publication.
GD's fourth book titled 'The Art and Business of Cinema(ABC)' was released in December 2017 comprising nearly 100 articles that explains the various art and business facets of cinema. The collection of articles in this book is a must read for interested filmmakers to understand the challenges in the industry and what to keep in mind to deliver a film successfully.
GD's series of articles in various newspapers won him his second National Award as the Best Critic of the year 2016.
In 2021, Dhananjayan was named the head of Tamil content and digital business for SonyLIV.
Filmography
At Moser Baer Entertainment as the Producer or Co-Producer
Vellithirai (2008)
Raman Thediya Seethai (2008)
Poo (2008)
Sankat City (2009)- Hindi
Kana Kanmani (2009) – Malayalam
Kanden Kadhalai (2009)
Aval Peyar Thamizharasi (2010)
Siddhu +2 (2010)
Hide & Seek (2010) – Hindi
Also associated with Abhiyum Naanum (2008) and Mayilu (2012) in funding the project to Prakash Raj's Duet Movies.
At Disney-UTV as the Associate Producer
Deivathirumagal (2011)
Muran (2011)
Vettai (2012)
Kalakalappu (2012)
Vazhakku Enn 18/9 (2012)
Grandmaster (2012) – Malayalam
Husbands in Goa (2012) – Malayalam
Mugamoodi (2012)
Thaandavam (2012)
Settai (2013)
Theeya Velai Seiyyanum Kumaru (2013)
Ivan Veramathiri (2013)
Naan Sigappu Manithan (2014)
Anjaan (2014)
Sigaram Thodu (2014)
Purampokku (2014)
Yatchan (2015)
Irudhi Suttru (2016)
As Producer – Creative Entertainers
Mr. Chandramouli (2018)
Kaatrin Mozhi (2018)
Kabadadaari (2021)
Kapatadhaari (2021)
As Actor
Mandhira Punnagai (2010)
Vandhaan Vendraan (2011)
Kathai Thiraikathai Vasanam Iyakkam (2014)
Idhu Namma Aalu (2016)
Utharavu Maharaja (2018)
Boomerang (2019)
As Distributor
Zero (2016)
Ivan Thanthiran (2017)
U Turn (2018)
Kolaigaran (2019)
Kavalthurai Ungal Nanban (2020)
Documentary films
A Creator with Midas Touch (documentary on Panchu Arunachalam)
The Pioneering Duo (documentary on Krishnan–Panju)
Books
Best of Tamil Cinema: 1931 to 2010 (2 Volumes)
Pride of Tamil Cinema: 1931–2013
Vellithirayin Vetri Manthirangal (in Tamil)
The Art and Business of Cinema (ABC)
Awards
2015: National Film Award for Best Book on Cinema (Special Mention) – Pride of Tamil Cinema (1931–2013)
2017: National Film Award for Best Film Critic
References
External links
Rediff.com – Interview
IndiaGlitz
Sify
Banglore mirror – Interview
Living people
Film producers from Chennai
1965 births
Tamil film producers
Indian film historians
Indian chief operating officers
Best Critic National Film Award winners
Telugu film producers
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29483615
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco%20Bustamante%20%28painter%29
|
Francisco Bustamante (painter)
|
Francisco Bustamante (c. 1680–1737) was a Spanish painter.
Bustamante was born at Oviedo, and studied painting with Miguel Jacinto Menendez at Madrid. On the ceiling of the sacristy of Oviedo Cathedral he painted a fresco representing 'The Assumption of the Blessed Virgin,' from a sketch sent from Rome; also a series for the cloister of the Franciscans. He excelled in portraiture; his likenesses, executed with fidelity and skill, are to be met with in the best houses of the Asturias. He died in Oviedo.
References
18th-century Spanish painters
Spanish male painters
Painters from Asturias
Fresco painters
People from Oviedo
1680s births
1737 deaths
Year of birth uncertain
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38895061
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Web%20and%20the%20Rock
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The Web and the Rock
|
The Web and the Rock is an American bildungsroman novel by Thomas Wolfe, published posthumously in 1939. Like its sequel, You Can't Go Home Again (and also The Hills Beyond) it was extracted by Edward Aswell from a larger manuscript after Wolfe's death.
Description
The novel's protagonist is George "Monk" Webber, a novelist from North Carolina who is clearly based on Wolfe himself and is reminiscent of Eugene Gant, the protagonist of Wolfe's earlier novels Look Homeward, Angel and Of Time and the River, also based by Wolfe on himself.
Wolfe believed that the book represented an artistic evolution for him, which is why he changed the name of the protagonist from Eugene Gant to George Webber, who was also more mature and aware than Gant. The book, which like all of Wolfe's major works mirrors Wolfe's own life experience, takes Webber from a Southern small-town boyhood to college (with its escape from the "web" of family ties), to New York City where he seeks the meaning of life and attempts to establish himself as a novelist, engages in a stormy affair with the sophisticated married woman Esther Jack (based on Wolfe's real-life affair with Aline Bernstein), goes to Europe, is disillusioned by Hitler's rise to power, and dreams of returning to his home town, but realizes that he can't recapture the past: the book's ending words are the title of his next novel – "you can't go home again."
Creation
In May 1938, Wolfe gave his manuscript to his new editor, Edward Aswell. According to John Halberstadt, "It was not a finished product in any sense. It was a collection of materials [that Wolfe's previous editor, Maxwell] Perkins had cut from earlier novels, previously published sketches or even short novels, chapters in variant versions, fragments, new writing — only the 'enormous skeleton' of a novel... perhaps one and a quarter million words, some five thousand pages, over two hundred chapters." Wolfe then left New York City and died later that year.
Thus, The Web and the Rock was very heavily edited by Aswell. According to Halberstadt, Wolfe's later books (including The Web and the Rock) were "not really written by Wolfe in the usual sense but were predominantly the work of... Aswell." Aswell removed the entire first section (covering Webber's ancestors) and later published this as a separate work, The Hills Beyond. Aswell then crafted a new opening, cut fifty chapters, and recast other chapters by combining sections of various chapters and writing connective material himself. Unused parts of the manuscript would later be published as You Can't Go Home Again.
Wolfe's biographer David Herbert Donald complained that Aswell's work was butchery and went well beyond the proper remit of an editor: "From standardizing the names and the tenses of Wolfe's manuscript, Aswell moved on to modifying the rhythm of his prose, to altering his characterizations, and to cutting and shaping his chapters. Greatly exceeding the professional responsibility of an editor, Aswell took impermissible liberties with Wolfe's manuscript, and his interference seriously eroded the integrity of Wolfe's text. Far from deserving commendation, Aswell's editorial interference was, both from the standpoint of literature and of ethics, unacceptable"
Harold Bloom, however, praised Aswell's work: "Wolfe's Byronic blank verse (very blank) masking as prose, left pretty much unaltered by Maxwell Perkins, is less tiresomely obtrusive after being worked over by Aswell."
Leo Gurko, in his book Thomas Wolfe: Beyond the Romantic Ego, wrote of the book "Read, as it should be, as an intensely articulated mural, first of the provincial and then, climatically, of the urban landscape, it not only does not suffer by comparison with its famous predecessor, but is not to be compared [with anything else]". Kirkus Reviews described The Web and the Rock as a further example of Wolfe's "utter inability to select and discard, his obsession with himself and his actions and motives and emotional turmoils" coupled with his "queer streak of genius", resulting in a "turgid outpouring of his own emotional life, put into fictional form" which demonstrates "the same weaknesses, even more sharply emphasized, and the same sense of power that made his earlier work memorable".
References
External links
1939 American novels
Novels by Thomas Wolfe
American bildungsromans
American philosophical novels
Novels published posthumously
Southern United States in fiction
Novels about writers
Novels set in New York City
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1144196
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comprehensive%20National%20Power
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Comprehensive National Power
|
Comprehensive National Power (CNP) (; pinyin: zōnghé guólì) is a measure of the general power of a nation-state. It is a putative measure, important in the contemporary political thought of the People's Republic of China from the 1980s onwards and first introduced into official documents in 1992.
CNP can be calculated numerically by combining various quantitative indices to create a single number held to measure the power of a nation-state. These indices take into account military, political, economic and cultural factors.
About
Inspired by F. Clifford German, J. David Singer, Stuart Bremer and John Stuckey, A.F.K. Organski and Jacek Kugler, and Ray Cline's understanding and formulas for national power assessment. It builds upon concepts such as superpower and regional power, as well as soft power, hard power and smart power.
A 1995 definition of CNP refers to it as "the totality of a country's economic, military and political power in a given period. It signals the country's comprehensive development level and its position in the international system."
There are a number of methods for calculating CNP devised by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Chinese Military Academy, Chinese Institute of Contemporary International Relations and independent Chinese scholars.
National Strategic Resources
Michael Porter lists five major resources, that is, physical, human, infrastructure, knowledge and capital resources. Accordingly, the national strategic resources are divided into eight categories, with 23 indictors. Those categories constitute CNP:
Economic resources
Natural resources
Capital resources
Knowledge and Technology resources
Government resources
Military resources
International resources
Cultural resources
Adaptations
A fairly simplistic and effective index was developed by Chin-Lung Chang. It uses critical mass, economic capacity and military capacity. Due to its indicators, it is often repeatable and easy to define, making it comparable to the Human Development Index in understanding and reliability.
See also
Composite Index of National Capability
Power in international relations
References
Citations
Works cited
Further reading
Michael Pillsbury (January 2000). China Debates the Future Security Environment. National Defense University Press.
Hu Angang, Men Honghua (2002).The Rising of Modern China: Comprehensive National Power and Grand Strategy. Strategy & Management
Kaushik Basu, Supriyo De, Rangeet Ghosh (2011). The evolving dynamics of global economic power in the postcrisis world: Revelations from a new Index of Government Economic Power. Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Government of India.
Ł. Kiczma, M. Sułek (2020). National Power Rankings of Countries 2020. Oficyna Wydawnicza ASPRA-JR, Warszawa 2020. ISBN 978-83-8209-033-8
External links
Powermetrics Information Network
Thinking about Power
International relations theory
International security
Foreign relations of China
Chinese words and phrases
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36917669
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PL%20Art%20of%20Fireworks
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PL Art of Fireworks
|
is a religious event of the Church of Perfect Liberty held on August 1 every year in Tondabayashi, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. It is recognized as one of the biggest fireworks festivals in the world.
Summaries
This event honors the first and second founders.
It is established as a summer tradition in Kansai region.
You can see the fireworks not only in Tondabayashi but also in neighboring cities such as Ōsakasayama, Kawachinagano Sakai and Habikino. Above all, the gigantic Star Mine set off at the finale sounds like rumbling of the earth and lights up the whole neighborhood as bright as day for a few seconds.
History
1953 - Held for the first time in Matsuyama, Ehime Prefecture.
1954 - Held in the present place.
1963 - Provided denomination, PL Art of Fireworks.
Influences
This festival is so huge and popular that it affects the traffic and public transportation in the neighboring areas.
Rail and bus
Kintetsu Minami Osaka Line, Nagano Line and so on run to the special timetable from the afternoon to the last train.
The north gate of Tondabayashi Station becomes the only ticket gate available for Furuichi and Ōsaka Abenobashi from 8:35 pm to the last train, and the south gate of the station becomes the only ticket gate available for Kawachinagano at the same time.
Kintetsu Bus which leaves the north gate of Tondabayashi Station stops running from 3:00 pm to the last bus.
Nankai Kōya Line also runs a few special trains bound for Namba in addition to the normal timetable after fireworks.
Road
The pedestrian bridges near the grounds are closed from 1:00 pm on the day to 7:00 am on the next day.
Part of Osaka Prefectural Route 35 and Osaka Prefectural Route 203 become a pedestrian zone from 4:00 pm to 11:00 pm.
National Route 170 between Midorigaoka Intersection and Tomigaoka-minami Intersection also become a pedestrian zone from 7:00 pm to 11:00 pm.
Beginning pedestrian zones, the roads around the ground are jammed.
Stores
Restaurants, supermarkets and convenience stores open as usual. But electric stores, gas stations and car dealerships close early or close all day.
See also
Church of Perfect Liberty
Fireworks events in Asia
Festivals in Osaka Prefecture
1953 establishments in Japan
Recurring events established in 1953
Annual events in Japan
Tondabayashi, Osaka
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51565165
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taranaki%20Wh%C4%81nui%20ki%20te%20Upoko%20o%20te%20Ika
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Taranaki Whānui ki te Upoko o te Ika
|
Taranaki Whānui ki te Upoko o te Ika is a Māori iwi of New Zealand.
See also
List of Māori iwi
References
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11969012
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerbango
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Kerbango
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Kerbango was both a company acquired by 3Com and its lead product. Kerbango was founded in 1998 in Silicon Valley by former executives from Apple Computer and Power Computing Corporation. On June 27, 2000, 3Com announced it was acquiring the Kerbango company in an $80 million deal. As part of the deal, Kerbango's CEO, Jon Fitch, became vice president and general manager of 3Com's Internet Audio division, working under Julie Shimer, then vice president and general manager of 3Com's Consumer Networks Business.
Kerbango Internet Radio
The "Kerbango Internet Radio" was intended to be the first stand-alone product that let users listen to Internet radio without a computer. Linux Journal quipped that the Kerbango 100E, the prototype, looked "like a cross between an old Wurlitzer jukebox and the dashboard of a '54 Buick." This initial model was even advertised on Amazon.com in anticipation of its sale, although it was never released.
The Kerbango 100E was an embedded Linux device (running Montavista's Hard Hat Linux), reportedly using RealNetworks' G2 Player to play Internet audio streams (RealAudio G2, 5.0, 4.0, and 3.0 streams as well as streaming MP3). A broadband connection to the Internet was required as dial-up connections were not supported. In addition to Internet streams, the 100E featured an AM/FM tuner. The Kerbango radio's tuning user interface was designed by Alan Luckow and long-time Apple QuickTime developer Jim Reekes and was later adopted for use within iTunes.
The Kerbango radio also had a companion website which allowed the user to control various aspects of the radio, save presets and edit account information. The website also acted as a streaming radio search engine, where users could search for, and listen to streaming radio stations through their browser.
References
Internet audio players
Online companies of the United States
Internet radio
Electronics companies of the United States
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57805292
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kissing%20Is%20No%20Sin
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Kissing Is No Sin
|
Kissing Is No Sin can refer to:
Kissing Is No Sin (1926 film), German silent comedy
Kissing Is No Sin (1950 film), Austrian-German comedy
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13259009
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979%20Seattle%20Seahawks%20season
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1979 Seattle Seahawks season
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The 1979 Seattle Seahawks season was the team's fourth season in the National Football League. The Seahawks had a winning record for the second consecutive year, matching their 9–7 record from 1978.
Starting off the season with a 1–4 record, the Seahawks rallied to finish 9–7. Season highlights included a sweep of the Oakland Raiders for the second straight year, and winning both of their Monday Night Football contests in Atlanta and at home against the New York Jets, where Jim Zorn completed 13 passes in a row in a 30–7 victory. The team also enjoyed their first victory over the Denver Broncos 28–23 on a 43-yard TD pass from Zorn to Largent in the final minutes.
Season lowlights included a 37–34 loss in Denver, after leading 34–10 midway through the 3rd quarter. The Los Angeles Rams shut out the Seattle Seahawks 24–0, holding the Seahawks to −7 yards total offense, and only one first down. The team lost twice to the Kansas City Chiefs, including a 37–21 defeat in week 14 that eliminated Seattle from playoff contention. The team also lost running back David Sims, who led the AFC in TDs in 1978, to a career-ending injury.
The 1979 season was the franchise's last winning season until 1983 when new coach Chuck Knox led the Seahawks to their first playoff berth and Championship game appearance.
1979 NFL draft
Personnel
Staff
Final roster
{{NFL final roster
|Year=1979
|TeamName=Seattle Seahawks
|BC1=#00338D
|FC1=white
|BDC1=#008542
|offseason=no
|ufa=no
|rfa=no
|erfa=no
|Active=51
|Inactive=0
|PS=0
|Quarterbacks=
|Running Backs=
FB
|Wide Receivers= *
|Tight Ends=
|Offensive Linemen=
T T
G
T
C
G G
C
|Defensive Linemen=
DE
DT
DT/DE
DE DE
DT DE
DT
|Linebackers=
|Defensive Backs=
S
CB S
S
CB|Special Teams=
PR
K
KR
P
|Reserve Lists=
|Practice Squad=
}}
Starters in bold.
(*) Denotes players that were selected for the 1980 Pro Bowl.
Schedule
Preseason
Source: Seahawks Media Guides1980 Seahawks Media Guide, accessed February 14, 2015.
Regular season
Divisional matchups have the AFC West playing the NFC West.Bold''' indicates division opponents.
Source: 1979 NFL season results
Standings
Game summaries
For the second straight year, the Seahawks missed the playoffs by one game. Season highlights included sweeping the Oakland Raiders for the 2nd straight year, and defeating the Denver Broncos for the 1st time in team history in a comeback thriller 28–23 at the Kingdome, and winning the team's first appearance on MNF over the Atlanta Falcons, 31–28. The team started out 3–5, and had a 6–2 finish. A 37–21 loss to the Kansas City Chiefs in week 14 knocked them out of playoff contention, but rebounded to end their season repeating 1978 at 9–7.
Preseason
Week P1: vs. Minnesota Vikings
Week P2: vs. Dallas Cowboys
Week P3: at Los Angeles Rams
Week P4: vs. San Francisco 49ers
Regular season
Week 1: vs. San Diego Chargers
Week 2: at Miami Dolphins
Week 3: vs. Oakland Raiders
Week 4: at Denver Broncos
Week 5: vs. Kansas City Chiefs
Week 6: at San Francisco 49ers
Week 7: at San Diego Chargers
Week 8: vs. Houston Oilers
Week 9: at Atlanta Falcons
Week 10: vs. Los Angeles Rams
With -7 total yards and just one first down, this is the fewest yards the Seahawks have ever gained in one match. It is the most recent – and only since 1970 – occasion when an NFL team has gained just one first down for an entire match, although the Denver Broncos did not gain a single first down in a 1966 game with the Houston Oilers.
Week 11: at Cleveland Browns
Week 12: vs. New Orleans Saints
Week 13: vs. New York Jets
Week 14: at Kansas City Chiefs
Week 15: vs. Denver Broncos
Week 16: at Oakland Raiders
Awards and records
Steve Largent, NFL Leader in Receiving Yards, (1,237)
References
External links
Seahawks draft history at NFL.com
1979 NFL season results at NFL.com
Seattle
Seattle Seahawks seasons
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26213594
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanatsugatake-Tozanguchi%20Station
|
Nanatsugatake-Tozanguchi Station
|
is a railway station on the Aizu Railway Aizu Line in the town of Minamiaizu, Minamiaizu District, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, operated by the Aizu Railway.
Lines
Nanatsugatake-Tozanguchi Station is served by the Aizu Line, and is located 53.1 rail kilometers from the official starting point of the line at .
Station layout
Nanatsugatake-Tozanguchi Station has a single side platform serving a single bi-directional track. The station is unattended.
Adjacent stations
History
Nanatsugatake-Tozanguchi Station opened on November 8, 1953 as . The station name was changed to its present name on July 16, 1987.
Surrounding area
Nanatsugatake
See also
List of railway stations in Japan
External links
Aizu Railway Station information
Railway stations in Fukushima Prefecture
Aizu Line
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1953
Minamiaizu, Fukushima
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69884099
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981%20East%20Coast%20Conference%20%28Division%20I%29%20Men%27s%20Basketball%20Tournament
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1981 East Coast Conference (Division I) Men's Basketball Tournament
|
The 1981 East Coast Conference (Division I) Men's Basketball Tournament was held March 5–8, 1981. The champion gained and an automatic berth to the NCAA Tournament.
Bracket and results
* denotes overtime game
References
East Coast Conference (Division I) Men's Basketball Tournament
1980–81 East Coast Conference (Division I) men's basketball season
1981 in sports in Pennsylvania
Sports competitions in Pennsylvania
Sports competitions in Philadelphia
Basketball in Pennsylvania
Basketball in Philadelphia
Philadelphia
College sports in Pennsylvania
March 1981 sports events in the United States
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18328496
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Deal%20Cafe
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New Deal Cafe
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The New Deal Cafe is a restaurant, music venue and community coffee house in the historic Roosevelt Center of Greenbelt, Maryland. It is a rare example of a restaurant operated as a consumers' cooperative, as it is owned by over 200 member patrons.
The cafe, which has a small beer/wine bar in the back room, features nightly and some daytime performances by regional musicians, and sponsors several outdoor music festivals each year, including the Crazy Quilt Festival and the Greenbelt Blues Festival. The cafe walls are decorated with art by local artists, which is changed bi-monthly. The arts and entertainment activities are supported by the Friends of New Deal Café Arts (FONDCA), a separate tax-exempt 501(c)(3) organization. The New Deal Cafe won WTOP's Top-10 2012 best music venue in the DC region.
The cafe's menu offers plant-based Italian-American cuisine provided by Michael and Leah Moon, who also run DC Vegan Catering. There is beer on tap and a selection of wines and bottled beer, all of which are vegan.
The cafe is a commonly referred to by customers as "Greenbelt's community living room" or "third place", part of the third place movement.
Its name comes from Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal, which was responsible for the cafe's home in Roosevelt Center, and the founding of Greenbelt.
History
The New Deal Cafe was founded by a group of Greenbelt residents in 1995. In November 2004, over 600 people attended an open house to support the project. From 1995 to 2000, the cafe operated as a part-time coffeehouse in the Greenbelt Community Center. In April 2000, the cafe obtained a lease and opened its current full-time retail space, which was doubled its size in 2005 with expansion into an adjacent space. For several years, it struggled without a kitchen on the premises, and its debt increased. However, in June 2008, the cafe built a kitchen as part of a four-month renovation using volunteer and professional contract labor, and contracted the restaurant operations with chef Karim Kmaiha and his wife, Maria Almeida, to operate the restaurant.
On November 30, 2016, the cafe ended the restaurant operations contract with Chef Kmaiha. In the summer of 2018, the cafe contracted with Michael and Leah Moon to manage the restaurant operations.
References
External links
New Deal Cafe website
Consumers' cooperatives in the United States
Restaurants in Maryland
Greenbelt, Maryland
Buildings and structures in Prince George's County, Maryland
Restaurants established in 1994
1994 establishments in Maryland
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64685778
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis%20Fabricius
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Francis Fabricius
|
Francis Fabricius (–1572) was a physician and humanist from the Low Countries. Fabricius was born in Roermond around 1510 and studied the humanities in Cologne, where he excelled at Latin and Greek. He went on to study medicine and in 1533 was established as a physician in Deventer. From 1545 to 1552 he was based in Aachen, where he studied the medicinal properties of the thermal springs. He died in 1572.
Works
Thermae aquenses, sive de Balneorum naturalium (Cologne, Jaspar Gennepaeus, 1546). Reprinted 1564, 1617.
In Dutch as Van den warmen baden, ende in sunderheyt den genen die tot Aken sijn (Maastricht, Jacob Bathen, 1552).
References
1500s births
1572 deaths
People from Roermond
Physicians of the Habsburg Netherlands
Renaissance humanists
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7059926
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B6rzs%C3%B6ny
|
Börzsöny
|
Börzsöny (; , New City Mountains) is a mountain range in Northern Hungary. Its tallest peak is the Csóványos with .
It is the westernmost member of the North Hungarian Mountains, which belongs to the Inner Western Carpathians. The varied landscape offers good hiking opportunities. A large part of the Börzsöny is national park. From the top of Csóványos we can see one of the country's most beautiful panorama on the Danube Bend (Dunakanyar).
Geography
The mountain is structurally divided into four parts: High Börzsöny, Northern Börzsöny, Western Börzsöny and Southern Börzsöny.
High Börzsöny
Here are the highest peaks of Börzsöny: the Csóványos (938 m), Magos-fa (916 m), Nagy-hideg Hill (864 m) and Nagy-Inóc (826 m).
Northern Börzsöny
Western Börzsöny
Southern Börzsöny
Hydrography
There are about 470 creeks in Börzsöny.
The major parts of the creeks are clean water.
The mountain's longest and largest river is the Kemence Stream.
Wildlife
A large part of the Börzsöny is covered with oak and beech.
The mountains are still registered 16 species of mammals.
The 117 species of birds occur each year in the mountains, of whom 90 are regularly spend.
Best-known songbirds are the nightingale, the thrush and the skylark.
Among the amphibians the most spectacular is the spotted salamander; among the reptiles is the angry snake.
Gallery
See also
Geography of Hungary
North Hungarian Mountains
Countrywide Blue Tour in Hungary
Extinct volcanoes
Mountain ranges of Hungary
Mountain ranges of the Western Carpathians
Volcanoes of Hungary
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2254945
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Lafayette%20Strong
|
William Lafayette Strong
|
William Lafayette Strong (March 22, 1827 – November 2, 1900) was the 90th Mayor of New York City from 1895 to 1897. He was the last mayor of New York City before the consolidation of the City of Greater New York on January 1, 1898.
Early life
Strong was born on March 22, 1827 near Loudonville Ohio, in Ashland County. He was the son of Abel Strong, a farmer born in 1792 in Hartford, Connecticut. His mother, Hannah Burdine Strong was born in 1798, and was from Pennsylvania. Strong was the oldest of five children, and despite only a rudimentary rural education, became a clerk in a Wooster dry goods store to help support his family after the death of his father in 1840.
Strong later attended the Vermillion Institute in Hayesville, Ohio.
Career
In 1853, Strong moved to New York City, where he worked at the L.O. Wilson and Company dry goods firm. In the Panic of 1857, the business failed and Strong moved on to work for Farnham, Dale, and Company.
By 1870, he had his own dry goods company, called William L. Strong and Company. It was very successful, opening branches in many cities and eventually making Strong a millionaire. In 1890, Strong became president of the First National Bank.
Strong was also president of the Central National Bank, president of the Homer Lee Bank Note Company, Vice President of the New York Security and Trust Company and director for the Erie Railroad and the Plaza Bank.
Political career
In the 1880s, Strong became active in politics. He ran for U.S. Congress in 1882 but was unsuccessful.
Strong, a Republican, was elected on a Fusion Party ticket by Republican and anti-Tammany Hall Democrats. Strong served as mayor of New York from January 1, 1895 to December 31, 1897, gaining an extra year on his term because of the impending consolidation of New York City, which moved elections to odd-numbered years. He won by a decisive majority of more than 42,000 votes and was joined in victory by John W. Goff, the Republican candidate for city recorder and a new Republican majority for the New York City Board of Aldermen.
Strong's victory was optimistically hailed by the New York press as representative of an epic defeat of Tammany Hall's "fraud, chicane, trickery, double-dealing and contempt for the moral sense of the community" and the new mayor cast as standard-bearer of "a revolution that closes a dark and opens a bright era in the municipal affairs of New York."
The reform-minded Strong established the New York City Board of Education, created small parks, and is credited as the "father" of the city's Department of Correction. The Department of Public Charities and Correction had been split by Governor Levi Morton in 1894 into two departments. Strong appointed former U.S. Civil Service Commissioner Theodore Roosevelt as Police Commissioner. Roosevelt was noted for fighting corruption and making the police department more professional.
Strong's leadership help pass the School Reform Law in 1896. In the late 1890s, New York State legislators passed a law mandating bath houses for cities with more than 50,000 people. Strong agreed with the law's necessity due to sanitation issues caused by overcrowding. The city's bath houses, originally built for cleanliness and bathing, were later used for recreation.
Personal life
In 1866, Strong married Mary Urania Aborn (1843–1921), the daughter of Robert W. Aborn of New Jersey. Together, Mary and William were the parents of two children:
Mary Aborn Strong (1868–1935), who married Albert Richardson Shattuck (1854–1924), a wealthy banker from Ohio, in 1889.
Putnam Bradlee Strong (1875–1945), who married actress May Yohé, the former wife of Lord Francis Hope (later the Duke of Newcastle).
Strong died in his home on November 2, 1900. After complaining of not feeling well, he retired to his room. During the night, he worsened very quickly, and he died early that morning, leaving behind a wife and two adult children. He was interred at Woodlawn Cemetery in the borough of The Bronx in New York City. His widow died of heart disease at The Mount, their daughter's residence in Lenox, Massachusetts (and the former home of author Edith Wharton), in July 1921.
Legacy
The Fire Department of New York operated a fireboat named William L. Strong from 1898 to 1945.
References
External links
1827 births
1900 deaths
Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx, New York)
Mayors of New York City
People from Loudonville, Ohio
New York (state) Republicans
19th-century American politicians
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2252196
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev%20Naumov
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Lev Naumov
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Lev Nikolayevich Naumov (; February 12, 1925, Rostov – August 21, 2005, Moscow) was a Russian classical pianist, composer and educator. Received a title of People's Artist of Russia and was nicknamed the "Godfather of the Russian piano school".
Professor Naumov studied with the legendary Heinrich Neuhaus, becoming his assistant and eventually his successor. Naumov was a professor of piano at the Moscow Tchaikovsky Conservatory and a jury member in many international competitions. Professor Naumov's studio produced some of the better-known pianists to emerge from Russia in the past 40 years. Among his students at different times were such pianists as Sergey Arzibaschev, Ksenia Bashmet, Vladimir Viardo, Irina Vinogradova, Maria Voskresenskaya, Andrei Gavrilov, Dmitri Galynin, Pavel Gintov, Nairi Grigorian, Andrey Diev, Peter Dmitriev, Pavel Dombrovsky, Violetta Egorova, Victor Eresko, Andrej Hoteev, Ilya Itin, Alexander Kobrin, Daniil Kopylov, Alexey Kudryashov, Sviatoslav Lips, Dong-Hyek Lim, Vassily Lobanov, Alexei Lubimov, Anna Malikova, Alexander Melnikov, Alexei Nasedkin, Natalia Naumowa, Kadzuki Nisimon, Dmitry Onishenko, Valery Petach, Boris Petrushansky, Juri Rosum, Konstantin Scherbakov, Ivan Sokolov, Vladimir Soultanov, Alexei Sultanov, Sergey Tarasov, Alexandre Toradse, Alexander Tschaikowski, Alexander Tselyakov, Rem Urasin, Andrei Yeh, Artemis H.R. Yen and many others.
References
External links
Recollection of Lev Nikolaevic Naumov at the Heinrich Neuhaus web site
Андрей Хитрук “Защитник окружающей среды“ Российский музыкант № 3 (1233), апрель 2005
1925 births
2005 deaths
People from Rostov
Russian classical pianists
Male classical pianists
Russian composers
Russian male composers
Moscow Conservatory alumni
20th-century classical pianists
Jewish classical pianists
20th-century Russian male musicians
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44061935
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerry%20Awn
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Kerry Awn
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Kerry Fitzgerald (born 1949), better known as Kerry Awn, is an American cartoonist, actor, muralist, comedian, musician, iconographer and poster artist. He is best known for his comedy and the iconic 'Austintatious' mural near the University of Texas campus, a landmark he created with two other artists.
Born in Houston as Kerry Fitzgerald, Awn became prominent on the Austin countercultural scene in the 1970s as a concert poster artist and as a member of the Uranium Savages.
Comedian: stand-up and comedy rock
Kerry Awn went to the Houston Comedy Workshop in 1981 and began his career as a comedian. In 1982 he joined Esther's Follies where his outlandish characters drew attention.
Awn continued with Esther's Follies as a regular for 30 years until 2011.
He has also been a regular at the Velveeta Room, the Austin comedy club named after one of Awn's characters, lounge lizard Ronnie Velveeta.
He is the original winner of the Funniest Person in Austin contest in 1986. Kerry Awn has performed extensively as a stand-up comic from Amarillo to Austin.
'Austintatious' mural
Created in 1974, the mural dubbed 'Austintatious' is located on the north-facing wall of the 23rd Street Renaissance Market in Austin, Texas. Considered to be an important part of Austin history, the 40-year-old mural was damaged by graffiti in 1994 and again in January 2014.
The colorful mural shows a bustling town beneath a clear blue sky surrounding Stephen F. Austin who is holding a few armadillos. In June 2014, Kerry Awn joined the other two original artists Tom Bauman and Rick Turner, who had returned to restore the mural. They crowd-sourced to raise $30,000 for supplies and to afford five weeks away from work. The three artists also collaborated in 2003 to create the Tejas mural that covers the opposite end of the market.
Other murals by Kerry Awn can be found on Planet K stores in the Austin area. One became the subject of a criminal charge, when the City of Bee Cave objected to it under its sign ordinance. In June 2012, after more than a year of battling over murals and building permits, Bee Cave City Council approved a settlement with the owner of Planet K.
Cartoon and poster art
Kerry Awn's work appeared prominently in Austin's The Rag and Houston's Space City, early underground papers. Often Kerry Awn's art was featured on the cover of Space City.
During the heyday of the Armadillo World Headquarters, he created concert posters and handbills, many of which are archived in a collection at the Austin History Center. He was an among the group of artist known as the Armadillo Art Squad.
The collection includes posters that promoted shows at Austin venues such as the Roadhouse, Jovitas, The Ritz, Willies Steamboat, Armadillo World Headquarters, the Continental Club, Soap Creek Saloon, La Zona Rosa, Liberty Lunch, and the Velveeta Room.
Painting
Kerry Awn's painting of a young Willie Nelson is at the entrance to the new Outlaws & Armadillos exhibit at the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum in Nashville. The exhibit opened May 2018 and will run through early 2021.
Awards
Kerry Awn was inducted into the Austin Arts Hall of Fame and has been recognized by the City of Austin and the State of Texas for his contributions to the arts. He was voted Austin's funniest person 10 years running by the Austin Chronicle.
References
1950 births
Artists from Texas
Living people
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2474920
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%9Airiac%20Air
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Țiriac Air
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Țiriac Air (SC Ion Țiriac Air SRL) is a Romanian corporate charter airline with its head office at Henri Coandă International Airport near Bucharest, operating from Henri Coandă International Airport. The airline operates a helicopter and business jets, and is the sole Romanian operator to own a private VIP Terminal and hangar capability. Tiriac Air operates as a maintenance base for Agusta helicopters under EASA Part 145 certification.
History
Țiriac Air was founded in 1997, as part of Țiriac Group.
Fleet
The Țiriac Air fleet consists of the following aircraft:
1 Bombardier Global 5000
1 Gulfstream G200
1 Embraer Phenom 300
1 AgustaWestland AW139
References
External links
Official website
Airlines of Romania
Airlines established in 1997
Charter airlines
Companies based in Bucharest
Romanian companies established in 1997
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9681473
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid%20Acrobat%20as%20Regards%20the%20Air
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Liquid Acrobat as Regards the Air
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Liquid Acrobat as Regards the Air is the ninth album by the Incredible String Band. It features Mike Heron, Robin Williamson, Licorice McKechnie and Malcolm Le Maistre. The album was the band's first almost entirely electric recording; a new feature that was to define the change in the band's sound throughout their final period through 1974. The album did well on the charts, and was the most financially successful of the band's output.
This was also the first album without Rose Simpson who was going to become a sound engineer, but started a family instead. Gerry Conway, a drummer of Fairport Convention appears on the album.
The most ambitious track is also its lengthiest. "Darling Belle", the track Williamson said "came to me in a dream", is composed of three-way vocals and spoken-word. Heron would vocalise and McKechnie would mimic his words with her high-pitch vocals. It tells the story of a woman from childhood to old age. "Tree" is a remake of the song "The Tree" from the band's first album.
Track listing
Personnel
Mike Heron - lead vocals (4, 6, 8, 10); guitars (2, 4, 6, 8); bass guitar (4, 11, 12); sitar (1); organ (1, 5, 11); piano (3, 4, 8, 10, 12); harmonium (4, 8); electric piano (7); flute (9); backing vocals (1, 4, 7-8, 10, 12)
Malcolm Le Maistre - harpsichord (1); percussion (1, 5); bass guitar (2); kazoo (5); whistle (5, 7, 11); mandolin (6, 11); tenor recorder (9); bouzouki (10); glockenspiel (12), harmonica (12), organ (12), clarinet (12); backing vocals (1, 5-7, 12)
Licorice McKechnie - lead vocals (3, 9, 12); organ (1, 2, 6, 8); harmonum (1), percussion (1, 7, 10-11); bass guitar (5); kazoo (5); autoharp (11); bironne (11); backing vocals (1-3, 6, 7, 9-10, 12)
Robin Williamson - lead vocals (1-2, 5, 7, 9, 12); oud (1), violin (1, 4), whistle (1), cymbal (1); guitars (2, 7, 12); cello (4, 8); oboe (4, 6, 12); mandolin (5 ,10); kazoo (5); bass guitar (6); percussion (7); bass recorder (9); fiddle (11); flute (12); banjo (12); string arrangements (12); backing vocals (2, 5, 6, 9-10, 12)
with:
Gerry Conway, drums (2, 6, 7)
Stan Lee, pedal steel guitar (1); bass guitar (7)
Charts
References
1971 albums
The Incredible String Band albums
Island Records albums
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67754983
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katerina%20Teaiwa
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Katerina Teaiwa
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Katerina Teaiwa (born Katerina Martina Teaiwa), is a Pacific scholar, artist and activist of Banaban, I-Kiribati and African American heritage. Teaiwa is well known for her scholarly and artistic work that focuses on the history of British Phosphate Commissioners mining activity in the Pacific during the 1900s and the consequent displacement of Banabans.
Biography
Katerina Teaiwa has paternal links to Banaba in Kiribati and maternal links to Washington D.C in the United States. Teaiwa was born in Savusavu, Fiji and raised in Lautoka and Suva, Fiji. She has two sisters, Teresia Teaiwa and Maria Teaiwa-Rutherford. She attended St Joseph's Secondary School in Suva.
Teaiwa received a Bachelor of Science from Santa Clara University in California and a Master of Arts in Pacific Islands Studies from University of Hawai'i. She completed her PhD in anthropology from Australian National University
Career
Teaiwa spent three years at University of Hawai'i at Manoa as an associate professor. Teaiwa then returned to Australian National University where she founded and was convenor of the Pacific Studies teaching program. Furthermore, she was Head of Gender, Media and Cultural Studies program, School of Culture, History and Language, College of Asia and the Pacific at the Australian National University. In 2008 she founded the Pasifika Australia Outreach Program. Teaiwa was the president of the Australian Association for Pacific Studies 2012 - 2017 and is now the vice-president.
Through her background in contemporary Pacific dance, Teaiwa and the late Seiuli Allan Alo, co-founded the Oceania Dance Theatre at University of the South Pacific in Fiji, 1999.
Project Banaba
Following on from her research work for her book 'Consuming Ocean Island: Stories of People and Phosphate from Banaba''' , Teaiwa presented a solo multimedia exhibition that commemorated the history of Banaba Island. Project Banaba was commissioned by Carriageworks Cultural Precinct in Sydney and curated by internationally acclaimed Pacific artist Yuki Kihara.
Project Banaba was then on show at MTG Hawke's Bay Tai Ahuriri in New Zealand in 2019.
Publications
Teaiwa K. 'Consuming Ocean Island: Stories of People and Phosphate from Banaba'. Indiana University Press. 2014.
Stupples P & Teaiwa K. 'Contemporary Perspectives on Art and International Development'.'' Routledge. 2016.
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Santa Clara University alumni
University of Hawaiʻi alumni
Australian National University alumni
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa faculty
Australian National University faculty
University of the South Pacific faculty
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32654384
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien%20Le%20Camus
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Sébastien Le Camus
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Sébastien Le Camus (ca. 1610-1677) was a French composer. He entered into the service of Louis XIII in 1640 and became intendant de la musique to Gaston d'Orléans in 1648.
References
1610s births
1677 deaths
French Baroque composers
French male classical composers
17th-century classical composers
17th-century male musicians
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22146677
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oshikuku
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Oshikuku
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Oshikuku is a town in Omusati Region in the north of Namibia. It is the district capital of Oshikuku Constituency.
Oshikuku features a secondary school, Nuuyoma Senior Secondary School, and a hospital. Its neighbouring villages are Outapi, Elim and Ogongo.
History
After Iipumpu Ya Tshilongo, king of the Uukwambi from 1907 to 1932, had resisted the establishment of mission stations in his territory for years, he finally allowed the Catholic Church to establish the first mission station in former Ovamboland in Oshikuku in 1924. The station was established under the leadership of missionary and later Archbishop Joseph Gotthardt. Oshikuku is until today home to a Roman Catholic Church parish.
Politics
Oshikuku was a village until early 2011, when it was granted town status. It is since then governed by a town council that has seven seats. Omusati Region, to which Oshikuku belongs, is a stronghold of Namibia's ruling SWAPO party. In the 2015 local authority election SWAPO won by a landslide (497 votes) and gained all seven council seats. The Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA) also ran but gained only 16 votes.
SWAPO also won the 2020 local authority election. It obtained 472 votes and gained five seats. The Independent Patriots for Change (IPC), an opposition party formed in August 2020, obtained 157 votes and gained the remaining two seats.
Economy
Open Market
Oshikuku Town hosts numerous informal traders and hawkers, who frequently sell at roadsites and public spaces (e.g. in front of the hospital). In 2014 the construction of a modern market facility was completed and the majority of street vendors moved to this new facility. After an initial completion of the construction in 2013, the potential tenants demanded several improvements before showing willingness to move in. The market features numerous open stalls and several rooms with access to electricity, water and sanitation. The market is expected to increase safety and hygiene of trade in Oshikuku.
Industrial Park
Since 2007, Oshikuku has a government built and managed industrial park, accommodating various SMEs and larger businesses. The facility aims at increasing the town´s manufacturing potential by providing subsidised business amenities, preferably to local small and medium enterprises. Oshikuku Industrial Park was developed by the Offshore Development Company (ODC).
Notable residents
Oshikuku is the birthplace of Liborius Ndumbukuti Nashenda, Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church in Namibia. Iipumpu Ya Tshilongo, eighteenth king of the Uukwambi, died here in 1959.
References
External links
Official Website of Oshikuku Town Council
Towns in Namibia
Catholic missions in Ovamboland
Populated places in the Omusati Region
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45624748
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pon%20Kumaran
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Pon Kumaran
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Pon Kumaran (also credited as P. Kumar) is an Indian film writer and director working predominantly in Kannada and Tamil films. He made his directorial debut with the blockbuster Kannada film Vishnuvardhana (2011) which got rave reviews and earned him many awards including a nomination at the Filmfare Awards. He has also penned the story and dialogues for the Rajinikanth starrer Lingaa (2014).
Personal life
Kumaran is a Chennai based filmmaker and writer who worked as an assistant to many leading directors before making his own stint as an independent director
His child name tharun.
Filmography
References
External links
Pon Kumaran profile
Pon Kumaran teams up with Sharan again
Living people
Kannada film directors
Tamil film directors
Tamil screenwriters
Film directors from Chennai
21st-century Indian film directors
Screenwriters from Chennai
Telugu film directors
Bengali screenwriters
21st-century Indian dramatists and playwrights
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century screenwriters
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52485121
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried%20I%2C%20Count%20of%20Sponheim
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Gottfried I, Count of Sponheim
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Gottfried I, Count of Sponheim (c. 1115 - ff. 1183) was a member of the house of Sponheim and count at Sponheim from 1136 until his death, when he was succeeded by his son Gottfried II.
House of Sponheim
1110s births
1183 deaths
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21522265
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kar%C5%82owice%20Ma%C5%82e
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Karłowice Małe
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Karłowice Małe () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kamiennik, within Nysa County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.
Before 1945 the area was part of Germany (see Territorial changes of Poland after World War II).
References
Villages in Nysa County
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39583599
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaiola%20Island
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Gaiola Island
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Gaiola Island is one of the minor islands of Naples, off the city's Posillipo residential quarter, in the Metropolitan City of Naples and Campania region, southwestern Italy. It is located within the "Parco sommerso di Gaiola".
Geography
It is located offshore in the Gulf of Naples, and a part of the volcanic Campanian Archipelago of the Tyrrhenian Sea.
The island is at the center of the Parco Sommerso di Gaiola or 'Underwater Park of Gaiola,' a protected marine reserve.
History
The island takes its name from the cavities that dot the coast of Posillipo. The Latin ("little cave") passed through the region's dialect to become Caviola.
Originally, the small island was known as Euplea, protector of safe navigation, and was the site of a small temple.
The island is very close to the coast, reachable with a few strokes of swimming. It is assumed that originally it was nothing more than an extension of the promontory opposite and was artificially separated only at a later time at the behest of Lucullus.
In the 17th century the island was virtually littered with Roman factories, while, two centuries later, the island served as a battery in defense of the Gulf of Naples.
At the beginning of the 19th century, the island was inhabited by a hermit, nicknamed "The Wizard", who lived thanks to the almsgiving of fishermen. Soon after, the island saw the construction of the villa that occupies it today and which was owned by the maritime engineer, Nelson Foley, brother-in-law to Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Foley also owned the Villa Bechi on the mainland opposite Isola di Gaiola. From 1896-1903 the owner of the Villa Bechi was Norman Douglas, author of Land of the Siren, but he sold it back to Foley. The latter built a single-person cable chair that connected the island to the mainland.
20th century
Naples's legend has considered Gaiola a "cursed island", which with its beauty hides a "restless fate" , the "Gaiola Malediction." The reputation developed from the frequent misfortunes and premature deaths in the families of its 20th century owners. For example, in the 1920s, it belonged to the Swiss Hans Braun, who was found dead and wrapped in a rug. A little later, his wife drowned in the sea. The next owner was the German Otto Grunback, who died of a heart attack while staying in the island's villa. A following owner, the pharmaceutical industrialist Maurice-Yves Sandoz, committed suicide in a mental hospital in Switzerland.
Its subsequent owner, a German steel industrialist, Baron Karl Paul Langheim, was dragged to economic ruin by "wild living." The island has also since belonged to: Gianni Agnelli, the Turinese owner of Fiat Automobiles, who suffered the deaths of many relatives; and to J. Paul Getty, who experienced from afar the suicide of his oldest son, death of his youngest son, and kidnapping of a grandson, before his own death.
The last private owner of the island was Gianpasquale Grappone, who was jailed. Newspapers talked again about the "Gaiola Malediction" in 2009, after the murder of Franco Ambrosio and his wife Giovanna Sacco, who owned a villa opposite the island.
Present day
The island is now the property of the government of the Campania region, and a protected area within it. It includes the Parco Sommerso di Gaiola (Underwater Park of Gaiola) marine reserve in the Gulf of Naples.
The regional government gave it in management to Soprintendenza Archeologica. This public authority gave birth to a Study Centre in association with the NGO Centro Studi Interdisciplinari Gaiola
See also
List of islands of Italy
References
Bibliography
Sergio Zazzera Le isole di Napoli, Roma 1997
Islands of Campania
Campanian volcanic arc
Geography of Naples
Marine reserves
Parks in Naples
Tyrrhenian Sea
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58964900
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linfoot
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Linfoot
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Linfoot is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Dan Linfoot (born 1988), British superbike rider
Edward Linfoot (1905–1982), British mathematician
Fred Linfoot (1901–1979), English footballer
William R. Linfoot, American polo player
See also
Linafoot
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844547
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Chambers%20%28criminal%29
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Robert Chambers (criminal)
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Robert Emmet Chambers Jr. (born September 25, 1966) is an American criminal and convicted killer. Chambers was dubbed the Preppy Killer and the Central Park Strangler by the media after the August 26, 1986 strangulation death of 18-year-old Jennifer Levin in New York City's Central Park, for which he was originally charged with second degree murder. Chambers changed his story during the course of the ensuing investigation, ultimately claiming that Levin's death was the accidental result of him pushing her off of him when she caused him pain as she sexually assaulted him, an account that was characterized by media accounts as one of "rough sex". Chambers later pleaded guilty to manslaughter after a jury failed to reach a verdict after nine days of deliberation.
Early life
Robert Chambers was born September 25, 1966. Though not affluent, his mother worked to pay for his childhood attendance at prestigious prep schools in New York City's wealthy Upper East Side, though scholarships assisted in this luxury. The fact that his family had far less money than his classmates resulted in negative social effects, including challenges to his ability to socialize with his peers. By the time he was of college age, he had descended into a life of petty theft, alcoholism, and drug use.
Chambers was accepted by Boston University, where after completing one semester, he was asked to leave because of difficulties, one of which involved a stolen credit card. He subsequently committed other petty thefts and burglaries in connection with his drug and alcohol abuse. Unable to hold a job, he was issued a summons for disorderly conduct one night after leaving Dorrian's Red Hand, a bar located at 300 East 84th Street in Manhattan. Chambers destroyed the summons as the police were leaving the scene, yelling, "You fucking cowards".
Killing of Jennifer Levin
Background
Chambers’ girlfriend at the time of the murder was Alex Kapp. Levin and Chambers briefly dated. The day of the murder, both were at Dorrian's Red Hand.
Finding of the body
A bicyclist found Levin's half-naked corpse on August 26, at about 6:15 a.m., in Central Park near Fifth Avenue and 83rd Street, behind the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Her body was lying twisted by a tree, with her bra and top pulled up. Her body and face was covered in scratches and bite marks. Deep red marks were across her neck, her left eye was swollen, and her fingernails were bruised, suggesting that in her final moments she had tried to pull down whatever had been strangling her.
Chambers hid and watched as police officers surveyed the scene. Investigators found Levin's underwear some away.
Levin's autopsy was performed by associate medical examiner Dr. Maria Luz Alandy, who determined that Levin had been strangled. Levin was estimated to have died around 5:30 a.m.
Arrest and trial
After several of Dorrian's patrons told police that they had last seen her leaving the bar with a young man named Robert Chambers, police went to Chambers' home. Upon arrival, they saw that he had deep, fresh, bloody scratches on both sides of his face, which he blamed on his cat before admitting Levin and he separated after leaving the bar, with her going to buy cigarettes. As he was Levin's boyfriend, police apprehended him for interrogation. On being told she wasn't a smoker, he claimed she died during an aggressive sexual encounter in the park.
Before booking, Chambers was permitted to see his father, to whom he said, "That fucking bitch, why didn't she leave me alone?"
Archbishop Theodore Edgar McCarrick of Newark, New Jersey, later Archbishop of Washington, wrote a letter of support for Chambers' bail application. He had known Chambers and his mother because she had been employed as a nurse by Cardinal Terence Cooke. McCarrick was close to the Chambers family and had served as Robert's godfather at his baptism. In 2019, he was defrocked for sexual crimes against adults and minors. Chambers had secured bail through his family and the owner of the bar, Jack Dorrian, who put up his townhouse as collateral for a bail bond.
Chambers was charged with, and tried for, two counts of second-degree murder. His defense was that Levin's death had occurred during "rough sex". He was defended by Jack Litman, who had previously used the temporary insanity defense on behalf of Richard Herrin for the murder of Yale University student Bonnie Garland. Litman claimed Levin was promiscuous, saying she had a sex diary and that her sexual history was admissible as evidence, prompting headlines such as "How Jennifer Courted Death" in New York's Daily News. On remand, Chambers was filmed twisting off the head of a Barbie doll and saying "Oops, I think I killed her".
Prosecutor Linda Fairstein stated: "In more than 8,000 cases of reported assaults in the last ten years, this is the first in which a male reported being sexually assaulted by a female."
Chambers' trial began on January 4, 1988, and lasted 13 weeks. Alandy testified on February 9 that pinpoint hemorrhages observed in the soft tissue around Levin's eyes could be caused by a constriction of the blood vessels in the neck. Alandy explained that this was evidence of compression of her neck, and an indication that she had been strangled. When Chambers' attorney, Jack Litman, suggested on cross-examination that Chambers could have choked Levin in an arm lock that could cause death in seconds, and that the marks on her neck could have been made when she quickly moved her head from side to side in a struggle for air, Alandy stated that while such a occurrence was possible, this did not occur in Levin's case. She also stated that while some of the injuries on Levin's neck could have been caused by Chambers' wristwatch and shirt, rather than his hands, her injuries overall were not consistent with the scenario Litman's described.
When the jury failed to reach a verdict after nine days of deliberation, the prosecution and Chambers agreed to a plea bargain. He pled guilty to first-degree manslaughter, which carried a five-to 15-year sentence. Chambers was also required to admit that he intended to hurt Levin sufficiently to cause her death. During his sentencing that April, stated in court, "It breaks my heart to have to say that. The Levin family has gone through hell because of my actions, and I am sorry." Chambers received a sentence of 15 years in prison.
Post-conviction
In 1997, Chambers sent an untitled essay he wrote to prison anthologist Jeff Evans. The piece, subsequently titled "Christmas: Present", appeared in the book Undoing Time: American Prisoners in Their Own Words. Written while Chambers was incarcerated at Green Haven Correctional Facility in Stormville, New York, the essay is an entry from one of his journals, which he calls "a record of the meaningless hope and frightening losses of a person I don't even know".
Chambers was released from Auburn Prison on February 14, 2003, after having served the entirety of his prison term due to his numerous infractions. His release was a media circus, with reporters staking out prime sections of the sidewalk opposite the prison as early as thirteen hours before his 7:30 a.m. release time. The same day, the NBC News program Dateline NBC interviewed Chambers, who continued to claim that he strangled Levin accidentally in an attempt to stop her from hurting him during rough sex. He also falsely denied that he had been disciplined in prison.
The owner of Dorrian's Red Hand settled with Levin's parents on their claim that the bar where Levin and Chambers had been before they went to Central Park on the night of her death had served too much alcohol to Chambers. A wrongful death lawsuit, which Chambers did not contest, provides that he must pay all lump sums he receives, including any income from book or movie deals, plus ten percent of his future income (up to $25 million), to the Levin family. The family has said all the money it gets from Chambers will go to victims' rights organizations.
Drug charges
Chambers pleaded guilty in July 2005 to a drug charge and on August 29 was given a reduced sentence of 90 days in jail and fined $200 for a license violation. The judge added 10 days to the time prosecutors and Chambers' lawyer had agreed on because Chambers was an hour late for the hearing. He would have faced up to a year in jail if he had been convicted after trial.
On October 22, 2007, Chambers was arrested again, this time in his own apartment, and charged with three counts of selling a controlled substance in the first degree, three counts of selling a controlled substance in the second degree, and one count of resisting arrest. His longtime girlfriend, Shawn Kovell, was also arrested on one count of selling a controlled substance in the second degree. The New York Daily News reported:
Cops said Chambers, 41, struggled with officers who tried to handcuff him on the felony charges. One detective suffered a broken thumb in the fracas.
Commenting on his new arrest, former Assistant District Attorney Linda Fairstein, who had prosecuted Chambers for Levin's death, said:
Doesn't surprise me. I always believed his problem with drugs and alcohol would get him in trouble again. He's had the opportunity in prison to detox and take college courses, to straighten out his life, but that clearly is of no interest to him. He's learned nothing in the last 20 years.
Chambers and Kovell were charged with running a cocaine operation out of the apartment. The two had previously been given notices for not paying rent, and the phone had been disconnected. Chambers appeared in court on December 18; according to the New York Post, his lawyer filed "new papers elaborating on his psychiatric defense". The filing claimed that Chambers had become an addict at the age of 14 and was, by 2007, using 10 to 12 bags of heroin a day. It was also reported that he also used cocaine, was smoking marijuana and taking prescription drugs. Chambers planned to plead insanity. Prosecutors countered that Chambers was a drug dealer and had sold as much as $2,800 in heroin at a time to undercover police. Chambers faced life in prison on the drug charges.
On August 11, 2008, the Manhattan DA's office announced that Chambers had pleaded guilty to selling drugs. On September 2, 2008, he was sentenced to 19 years on the drug charge. As of July 2021, he is at Shawangunk Correctional Facility, New York State Department of Corrections DIN (Department Identification Number) #08A4763. His earliest release date from prison is January 25, 2024. His latest possible release date is October 15, 2026.
In popular culture
The Sonic Youth song "Eliminator Jr.", from their 1988 album Daydream Nation (1988) is about the Chambers case.
The song "Jenny Was a Friend of Mine" in The Killers' album Hot Fuss (2004) was inspired by Chambers' defense of the Jennifer Levin murder charges, in which Chambers claimed he had no motive for the murder, and that he and the victim were "friends".
In 1989, the Chambers case was the basis of a TV movie titled The Preppie Murder, starring William Baldwin as Chambers and Lara Flynn Boyle as Levin.
The 1990 Law & Order episode "Kiss the Girls and Make Them Die" was based on the case.
Mike Doyle has stated that his character Adam Guenzel on Oz (1997–2003) was based on Chambers.
The 2003 Law & Order: Criminal Intent episode "Monster" was based on both the Chambers case and the Central Park Jogger case.
In the novel American Psycho, the protagonist Patrick Bateman, a wealthy, preppy serial killer, mentions trying to start a defense fund for Chambers.
In the collection Shock Treatment by Karen Finley, Chambers is mentioned twice.
AMC aired a five-part miniseries The Preppy Murder: Death in Central Park on November 13, 2019.
References
Further reading
Benedict, Helen. Virgin or Vamp. Oxford University Press, 1992. .
Carr, C. "Who's on Trial?" Village Voice, October 27, 1987.
Freedman, Samuel J. "Sexual Politics and a Slaying: Anger at Chambers' Defense." New York Times, December 4, 1986.
Johnson, Kirk. "$150,000 Bail Set in Park Slaying Case." New York Times, September 30, 1986; "Levin's Last Night Recalled by Friend," January 21, 1988; "Chambers, With Jury at Impasse, Admits 1st Degree Manslaughter," March 26, 1988.
Kunen, James S., Alen Carter, and Kristina Johnson. "Art Imitates Death in the Preppie Murder." People Magazine, September 25, 1989.
Margolick, David. "Accused of Putting the Victim on Trial, a Top Defense Lawyer is on Trial Himself." New York Times, January 22, 1988.
MSNBC Television. Headliners and Legends: Robert Chambers. 2001.
Riley, John. "An Aggressive Defense, or Obscene Quest." National Law Journal, April 13, 1987.
Shipp, E. R. "Decision to Bargain." New York Times, March 26, 1988.
Taubman, Bryna. The Preppy Murder Trial. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1988. .
Uhlig, Mark A. "Jurors Describe 'Wild Shifts' of Opinion." New York Times, March 26, 1988.
Wolf, Marvin J., and Katherine Mader. "The Right Sort of Friends," in Rotten Apples: Chronicles of New York Crime and Mystery 1689 to the Present. New York: Ballantine Books, 1991. .
Wolfe, Linda. Wasted: The Preppie Murder. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1989.
External links
Crime Library article (detailed coverage)
A Current Affair video
Interview with Levin's mother on CNN's Larry King Live
Excerpt from Wasted: The Preppie Murder by Linda Wolfe (a true crime book about the case)
1966 births
20th-century American criminals
21st-century American criminals
American drug traffickers
American male criminals
American people convicted of burglary
American people convicted of manslaughter
American people of Irish descent
American prisoners and detainees
Boston University alumni
Browning School alumni
Central Park
Criminals from New York City
Living people
People from the Upper East Side
Place of birth missing (living people)
Prisoners and detainees of New York (state)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20churches%20in%20Cornwall
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List of churches in Cornwall
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The following is a list of churches in Cornwall.
Map of medieval parish churches
Active churches
The following civil parishes have no active churches: Paul, St Martin-by-Looe, St Stephens by Launceston Rural, and the unparished area of Wolf Rock.
The unitary authority has an estimated 627 churches for 553,700 people, a ratio of one church to every 883 people.
Defunct churches
References
churches
Christianity in Cornwall
Lists of churches in England
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