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53783795
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rory%20Macnamara
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Rory Macnamara
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Rory Patrick Macnamara (2 January 1955 – 17 December 2016) was a non-executive director on the board of Alliance Trust plc. which he joined in 2015. In 1981 Macnamara joined merchant bank Morgan Grenfell where he became deputy chairman and responsible for obtaining the funding for the construction of the Eurotunnel. He was chairman of Izodia, Essenden, and Mecom Group. He was the master of the Grocers' Company.
References
1955 births
2016 deaths
Bankers from London
English people of Irish descent
Alumni of the University of Oxford
20th-century English businesspeople
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63888390
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave%20Recher
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Dave Recher
|
Dave Recher (born December 30, 1942) is a former American football center. He played for the Philadelphia Eagles from 1965 to 1968.
References
1942 births
Living people
Players of American football from Chicago
American football centers
Iowa Hawkeyes football players
Philadelphia Eagles players
People from Skokie, Illinois
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34088627
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S.%20B.%20Brodbeck%20Housing
|
S. B. Brodbeck Housing
|
S. B. Brodbeck Housing, also known as The Brick House, is a set of four historic rowhouses located at Codorus Township, Pennsylvania, York County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1890–1891, and is a three-story, plus attic, brick building. It has a mansard roof with a fish-scale slate pattern in the Second Empire-style. The row measures 73 feet wide and 29 feet deep. It features a full-length two-story front porch and balcony, with an intricate railing and post bracket pattern. It was built by locally prominent Samuel B. Brodbeck.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.
References
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
Second Empire architecture in Pennsylvania
Houses completed in 1891
Houses in York County, Pennsylvania
National Register of Historic Places in York County, Pennsylvania
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8387400
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faster%20Payments
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Faster Payments
|
The Faster Payments Service (FPS) is a United Kingdom banking initiative to reduce payment times between different banks' customer accounts to typically a few seconds, from the three working days that transfers usually take using the long-established BACS system. CHAPS, which was introduced in 1984, provides a limited faster-than-BACS service (by close of business that day) for "high value" transactions, while FPS is focused on the much larger number of smaller payments, subject to limits set by the individual banks, with some allowing Faster Payments of up to £250,000. Transfer time, while expected to be short, is not guaranteed, nor is it guaranteed that the receiving institution will immediately credit the payee's account.
Nine banks and one building society, accounting for about 95% of payments traffic, initially committed to use the service; there were 21 direct participants. For smaller organisations such as building societies and savings institutions, the service is available through agency arrangements with a direct participant. Initially, there were few announcements regarding charges for Faster Payments; it had been expected to be around £1–£5 for immediate payments by business users. No retail bank currently charges personal customers for this service (with non-guaranteed transfer time), nor, , was there any sign that this would change.
FPS was officially launched on 27 May 2008 (though testing during the previous week allowed users to process very small-value (1p) transactions as "faster payments") for non-scheduled, "immediate" payments (about 5% of traffic) only, with access for future-dated payments and standing orders from 6 June. In practice, the service was severely limited by the approach of individual member banks to its adoption (see Implementation). A general online sort code checker was made available through APACS shortly ahead of launch, which shows whether a specific sort code is able to receive Faster Payments.
On 1 May 2018 the Bank of England announced that the New Payment System Operator (NPSO) had taken over responsibility for the operation of the Bacs and Faster Payments systems and Faster Payments announced that it had become a subsidiary company of the NPSO.
Background
In November 1998 the UK Treasury commissioned the Cruickshank Report, a review of competition within the UK banking sector, which reported in March 2000. Among its recommendations was primary legislation to establish an independent payment systems commission (PayCom) in place of existing, privately controlled interbank arrangements. The following day, Chancellor Gordon Brown announced that legislation would be introduced, if necessary, to open payment systems to increased competition. Initially the banking industry was consulted by the government on further steps and progress in payments services monitored by the Competition Commission and the Office of Fair Trading (OFT).
By May 2003, while the OFT was able to report modest improvements, such as changes to BACS and the governance of APACS, some competition concerns remained and, in December 2003, the Treasury announced the OFT would take on an enhanced role in relation to payment systems, for a period of four years to resolve outstanding competition problems in advance of any legislation – essentially self-regulation. In March 2004 the OFT announced the formation of a joint government-industry body, the Payments Systems Task Force, under its chairmanship.
Agreement
In May 2005 the task force announced that agreement had been reached to reduce clearing times for phone, Internet and standing order payments. This committed the payments services industry to develop a system able to clear automated payments in no more than half a day – the so-called ELLE model – resulting in payment being received the same day if made sufficiently early. Implementation groups were given six months to bring forward detailed proposals.
In October 2005 the contract to provide the central infrastructure for this new service was awarded by APACS to Immediate Payments Limited, a joint venture company set up by Voca and LINK who have since merged to form Vocalink.
In December 2005 the Payment Systems Task Force accepted an APACS recommendation for a still more ambitious target on payment times to ensure access to funds within a couple of hours of any payment being made, and allowing payments to be sent 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, to be available by November 2007. This stage also marked formal dissolution of the Task Force and reformation as a permanent body, the Payments Industry Association (later Payments Council), responsible for governance of all payments systems, including Faster Payments.
Organisation
APACS was responsible for the development and delivery of Faster Payments, but after May 2008 transferred day-to-day operations and management of the service to the CHAPS Clearing Company (a member-based organisation responsible for the CHAPS sterling high-value same-day payment system.) Towards the end of 2011, Faster Payments Scheme Limited (a member-based organisation) was set up to separate out the day-to-day operations and management of the service from CHAPS.
VocaLink continues to provide and operate the infrastructure for the service.
Participating members
The original founding members of the new service were Abbey (now Santander UK), Alliance & Leicester (now part of Santander UK), Barclays, Citi, Clydesdale Bank (including Yorkshire Bank), The Co-operative Bank, HSBC, Lloyds TSB (now Lloyds Bank and TSB), Nationwide Building Society, Northern Bank (now Danske Bank), Northern Rock, Bank of Scotland (including Halifax) and the then Royal Bank of Scotland Group (including NatWest, RBS and Ulster Bank).
Abbey and Alliance & Leicester merged their membership under Santander UK in February 2011; Bank of Scotland merged their membership into Lloyds Banking Group in September 2011 and Northern Rock resigned from membership in October 2011. The remaining ten members became the initial shareholders of Faster Payments Scheme Limited in November 2011.
In December 2016, Metro Bank joined the system, the first High Street bank to do so since its inception.
Later, in January 2017, Starling Bank joined the service as a direct partner, the first digital-only bank in the system's history.
In February 2018, Ebury became the first to join as a directly connected non settling participant, DCNSp.
In April 2018, TransferWise joined Faster Payments as the first non-bank payment service provider to be a directly connected settling participant, after being the first of its kind to gain access to Bank of England's Real-Time Gross Settlement (RTGS) system.
Implementation
Following the initial launch of the central infrastructure, work was planned to provide a direct corporate access channel, and the first such payment was made in July 2009. This will ultimately enable businesses to submit large numbers of payments directly into the Faster Payments Service.
From 6 September 2010, the value limit for all payment types was raised to £100,000. However, "individual banks and building societies will continue to set their own value limits for their corporate and consumer customers."
On 1 January 2012, Regulation 70 in the Payment Services Regulations 2009 went into effect, requiring that all standing orders be settled within a day of submission. This shifted about five million payments from the BACS system to FPS, putting monthly volumes above 20 million. FPS handled 967.6 million transactions in 2013, up 19% from the prior year. The total value of transactions in 2013 was £771.4 billion, up 25% over 2012.
References
External links
Faster Payments Sort Code Checker
VocaLink website
2008 establishments in the United Kingdom
Banking in the United Kingdom
Banking technology
Financial services companies established in 2008
Payment clearing systems
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27373117
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20Formula%20BMW%20ADAC%20season
|
2006 Formula BMW ADAC season
|
The 2006 Formula BMW ADAC season was a multi-event motor racing championship for open wheel, formula racing cars held across Europe. The championship featured drivers competing in 1.2 litre Formula BMW single seat race cars. The 2006 season was the ninth Formula BMW ADAC season organized by BMW Motorsport and ADAC. The season began at Hockenheimring on 8 April and finished at the same place on 29 October, after eighteen races.
Christian Vietoris was crowned series champion.
Driver lineup
2006 Schedule
The series supported the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters at seven rounds, with additional rounds at the European Grand Prix on May 5–7th on 2–4 June and the WTCC Race of Germany.
Results
Championship standings
Points are awarded as follows:
† — Drivers did not finish the race, but were classified as they completed over 90% of the race distance.
References
External links
Formula BMW ADAC 2006 on adac-motorsport.de
Formula BMW seasons
Formula BMW ADAC
BMW ADAC
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470635
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naniwa
|
Naniwa
|
Naniwa () may refer to:
Naniwa-kyō, the place that became the modern Japanese city of Osaka
Naniwa-ku, Osaka, one of the 24 wards of Osaka City, Japan
Japanese cruiser Naniwa, the first protected cruiser built specifically for the Imperial Japanese Navy
See also
Namba
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67213338
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vic%20Marino
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Vic Marino
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Victor Irving Marino (October 2, 1918 – January 7, 2006), sometimes known as the "Little Dynamo", was an American football player who played at the guard position. He played college football for Ohio State from 1936 to 1939, service football for the undefeated 1942 Great Lakes Navy Bluejackets football team, and professional football for various clubs, including the 1947 Baltimore Colts. He was also injured while serving on the USS Maddox during the Allied invasion of Sicily.
Early years
Marino was born in Columbus, Ohio, in 1918. He attended Rayen High School in Youngstown, Ohio. He played college football for the Ohio State Buckeyes from 1936 to 1939. He helped lead the 1939 Ohio State Buckeyes football team to a Big Ten championship and was selected by the Big Ten coaches as a first-team guard on the Associated Press 1939 All-Big Ten Conference football team. He was also selected for the Midwest College All-Stars that played in a charity game against the Cleveland Rams.
Professional football and military service
In 1940, he played professional football for the Boston Bears of the American Football League. He appeared in 10 games at guard for Boston, all of them as a starter.
He enlisted in the United States Navy in July 1941, five months before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. He was initially assigned as an athletic trainer at the Great Lakes Naval Training Station and played for the undefeated 1942 Great Lakes Navy Bluejackets football team that was ranked No. 1 in the final AP Service Poll. In July 1943, he was an anti-aircraft gunner on the destroyer USS Maddox during the Allied invasion of Sicily and ended up with eight pieces of shrapnel in his body and a head wound when the Maddox was attacked and sunk by Nazi bombers. After the injuries, Marino was assigned to the physical education department at Naval Station Treasure Island.
In the fall of 1945, he played for the Oakland Giants of the Pacific Coast Football League. After the 1945 season, he signed to play professional football for the Chicago Bears but did not play for the team. He instead played for the Akron Bears of the American Football League in 1946. He also played professional football in the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) for the Baltimore Colts during the 1947 season. He appeared in a total of 13 AAFC games, four as a starter.
Later years
Marino died in 2006 at age 87 at a nursing home in Worthington, Ohio. He was buried at the Kingwood Memorial Park in Lewis Center, Ohio.
References
1918 births
2006 deaths
Baltimore Colts (1947–1950) players
Ohio State Buckeyes football players
Players of American football from Columbus, Ohio
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46725688
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20Car
|
Black Car
|
Black Car or variant thereof, may refer to:
Music
Black Cars (1985 album), album by Gino Vannelli
BlackCar (2003 album), album by the eponymous British rock band 'BlackCar'
BlackCar (rock band), British rock band
Songs
Black Car (2019 song), a song from the soundtrack album for Drive (2019 film)
Black Car (2018 song), a song by 'Beach House' off their album 7 (Beach House album)
Black Car (Miriam Bryant song), 2016 song by Miriam Bryant off the album Bye Bye Blue
Black Car (1996 song), a song by 'Quintaine Americana'
Vehicles
black car, the title character of the 1977 horror film "The Car"
"Black Car", a 1930s race car driven by St John Horsfall
"The Black Car" (), a 2019 special edition built by Bugatti Automobiles
Black Prince, a British 4 wheeled cyclecar
Hackney carriage, the London black taxi cars
black car, the call-cabs of New York City, see Taxicabs of New York City
Other uses
black car service, a car service providing limousines
Black Car Service, a subsidiary of Transdev
See also
"New Black Car" (2002 song), song off the album Swim by 'July for Kings'
"Big Black Car" (1985 song), song by 'Big Star' off the album Third/Sister Lovers
"Big Black Car" (2006 song), song by Dave Palmer off the album Romance (Dave Palmer album)
Big Black Car, a house improv comedy team at Peoples Improv Theater
Hearse
Limousine
Black Maria police van
U.S. G-man black Chevrolet Suburbans
Black (disambiguation)
Car (disambiguation)
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47403476
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion%20Vitner
|
Ion Vitner
|
Ion Vitner (August 19, 1914–April 12, 1991) was a Romanian literary critic and historian.
Born into a Jewish family in Bucharest, his parents were Leon Vitner, a clerk, and his wife Gisela (née Zoller). He attended Poenărescu primary school in his native city from 1921 to 1925, followed by its Titu Maiorescu High School from 1925 to 1932 and the University of Bucharest's medical faculty between 1933 and 1939. He obtained a doctorate in medicine in 1940, and one in philology from the same institution in 1971. His work was first published in 1931 in unu. From 1933 to 1935, he took part in the Marxist study circle affiliated with Cuvântul Liber magazine, to which he submitted work under the name Ion Vântu. Due to his leftist political activities, he was placed under house arrest in 1940; in 1942, he was deported to Transnistria Governorate. Between 1944 and 1946, he was an editor at the Romanian Communist Party daily Scînteia, and helped edit Orizont magazine between 1944 and 1947. He was assistant editor-in-chief, followed by editor-in-chief, at Contemporanul between 1946 and 1949, and editor-in-chief at Flacăra from 1949 to 1950, early in the communist regime. He also submitted work to Gazeta literară, Tribuna and Viața Românească. Between 1948 and 1960, he was in the leadership committee of the Romanian Writers' Union. From 1949 and 1970, he was a professor at Bucharest's Romanian language and literature faculty, where he took the post previously held by George Călinescu.
His books include volumes of essays (Pasiunea lui Pavel Corceaghin, 1949; Critica criticii, 1950; Firul Ariadnei, 1957; Meridiane literare, 1960; Prozatori contemporani, vol. I-II, 1961–1962; Formarea conceptului de literatură socialistă, 1966; Albert Camus sau tragicul exilului, 1968; Semnele romanului, 1971; Al. Ivasiuc – în fruntarea contrariilor, 1980) as well as travel accounts (Reverii pe malurile Senei, 1978; Popas lângă Notre-Dame, 1981). He was awarded the State Prize in 1949 and 1955 and the Romanian Academy Prize in 1954.
Notes
1914 births
1991 deaths
Jewish Romanian writers
University of Bucharest alumni
University of Bucharest faculty
Romanian magazine editors
Romanian newspaper editors
Romanian literary critics
Romanian literary historians
Romanian essayists
Romanian travel writers
Romanian communists
Survivors of World War II deportations to Transnistria
20th-century essayists
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29068312
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan%20Bernd%20Bicker
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Jan Bernd Bicker
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Jan Bernd Bicker (27 August 1746, Amsterdam – 16 December 1812, Wassenaar) was a Dutch merchant, politician and a very powerful member of the Bicker family. After studying law and philosophy at the University of Amsterdam, he settled in Amsterdam and became a successful merchant. He served as an alderman of Amsterdam and as an administrator of the Amsterdam branch of the Dutch West India Company (W.I.C.).
Bicker was opposed to the House of Orange and supported the Patriots, a liberal group that wanted to curtail the power of the Stadtholder. A political conservative, he disliked the democrats within the Patriotic movement. Because of his opposition to the Stadtholder, he was forced to leave the country when the latter, with the help of the Prussian Army, removed the Patriots from power. Bicker settled in Brussels and later in France. In France he contacted other leading members of the Patriotic movement who left the Dutch Republic in 1787. Together they formed a Revolutionary Committee.
Bicker and the other Patriots returned to the Dutch Republic after the French had occupied the country in 1795. The Dutch Republic was renamed Bataafse Republiek (Batavian Republic). Bicker was elected a member of the National Assembly and belonged to more conservative Moderaten, or moderates. Despite his conservative leanings he opposed slavery and supported some reforms. He was a member of the Batavian Republic's executive organ, the Staatsbewind, from 1803 to 1805. He played no role during the Kingdom of Holland (1806–1811). He retired from the public scene and lived at his estate Oosterbeek at Wassenaar. He kept ornamental birds and grew pineapples.
He died at Wassenaar on 16 December 1812, age 66.
Family
Jan Bernd Bicker was married to Catharina Six (1752–1793). The couple had nine children. Their son, Henric Bicker (1777–1834), who accompanied his parents in exile in 1787, was ennobled by King William I in 1815. Henric became an untitled member of the Dutch nobility.
Decorations
Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur
See also
Patriottentijd
Batavian Republic
References
Literature
Bisselink, M.N.: Jan Bernd Bicker: een patriot in ballingschap 1787–1795, VU Boekhandel/Press 1983,
External links
Some information about Henric Bicker
1746 births
1812 deaths
Aldermen of Amsterdam
Administrators of the Dutch West India Company
Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur
Dutch West India Company people from Amsterdam
Members of the Dutch Patriots faction
Utrecht University alumni
Jan
Nobility from Amsterdam
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3321328
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheepstimmermanstraat
|
Scheepstimmermanstraat
|
The Scheepstimmermanstraat (Shipwright's Street) in Amsterdam is well known for its 60 unique houses designed by architects such as Hertzberger (no.126), van Velsen (no.120), Höhne & Rapp (no.62) and MVRDV (no.26 & 40).
The landscape architect Adriaan Geuze of the firm West 8 planned a district with one of the streets on which residents were free to design their own houses on the waterfront.
The Scheepstimmermanstraat is an example of user participation in housing. The theory of this movement is introduced in 1961 by John Habraken. It is a partial aspect of Structuralism.
External links
Amsterdam Tourism and Convention Board (English)
Official tourism site (Dutch)
Parool (Dutch)
Streets in Amsterdam
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9199482
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willamette%20High%20School
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Willamette High School
|
Willamette High School, or "Wil-Hi", is located in the Bethel-Danebo area of West Eugene, Oregon, United States. It is one of two high schools in the Bethel School District along with Kalapuya High School.
History
Willamette High School first opened to students on September 26, 1949. The opening of Bethel School District's only comprehensive high school was the culmination of a process that began on April 9, 1948. On this date, the rural Lane County, Oregon communities of Bethel, Clear Lake, Danebo and Irving passed a measure to consolidate and build the high school. A school site was purchased on May 17, 1948. Funding was provided by bond levies passed on May 11, 1948 and October 20, 1948. In November 2012, Bethel voters approved a $10 million science wing.
Academics
In 2008, 79% of the school's seniors received a high school diploma. Of 316 students, 251 graduated, 37 dropped out, five received a modified diploma, and 23 were still in high school in 2009.
Willamette High School is noted for its vocational education, in addition to college prep, as featured on NPR.
Athletics
The Willamette girls' basketball team won the 5A state girls' basketball championship in 2007, 2009, and 2013.
In 1985 the boys' track team won the State Championship
In 1985 the varsity rally squad won the State Championship.
In 1957 and 1958 the cross country team won state titles.
Wolverine Stadium
Willamette's Wolverine Stadium was completely rebuilt after being burned down on August 2, 2003. The new stadium includes an artificial turf field.
Notable alumni
Brandon Beemer, 1998, actor and model, The Bold and the Beautiful
Mickey Loomis, 1974, general manager of the New Orleans Saints
Quintin Mikell, football player, Philadelphia Eagles
Curtis Salgado, 1971, blues musician, who inspired John Belushi to form the Blues Brothers
External links
2013 Willamette High School promotional video on vimeo
Willamette Newsletter
Willamette's College and Career Center
Willamette Pride Facebook page
References
High schools in Lane County, Oregon
Education in Eugene, Oregon
International Baccalaureate schools in Oregon
Educational institutions established in 1949
Public high schools in Oregon
1949 establishments in Oregon
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11548616
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian%20Milking%20Zebu
|
Australian Milking Zebu
|
The Australian Milking Zebu (AMZ) is a composite breed of dairy cattle, developed by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) in Australia during the mid-1950s. To develop the breed, the CSIRO bred Sahiwal and Red Sindhi cattle from Pakistan with Jersey cattle. Some Illawarra, Guernsey and Friesian genetics were also included. The development of the breed was governed by strict selection for heat tolerance, milk production and cattle tick (Boophilus microplus) resistance to result in the modern AMZ breed.
AMZ cattle have the color, markings and general shape of Jersey cattle, but also show their Sahiwal and Red Sindhi ancestry with their loose skin.
Cows produce approximately 2,700 kg of milk per lactation.
See also
Australian Friesian Sahiwal
References
Cattle breeds originating in Australia
Dairy cattle breeds
Agricultural research
Cattle breeds
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17795045
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry%20Rubinow
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Barry Rubinow
|
Barry Rubinow (born 1956) is a film executive and editor, born in Glen Rock, New Jersey, a suburb of New York City. Currently, he lives in West Hills, Los Angeles, California.
Education
Rubinow received his Bachelor of Arts from Bucknell University with a major in English and Psychology in 1978. In 1981, he completed a Master of Fine Arts at the School of Cinematic Arts at the University of Southern California.
Career
Rubinow is the Senior Vice President of Documentary Channel, where he supervises all original production and post production. DOC is the first channel in the United States to show documentaries on a full-time basis. The Documentary Channel was created in 1998 and is currently on the Dish Network, Channel 197.
Rubinow is also a television and documentary film editor.
In 1999, Rubinow produced and directed the 35mm feature film The Set Effect.
Filmography (producing and directing)
Feature film
The Set Effect (1999)
Documentaries (producing)
Hot Docs (2006)
Filmography (editing)
Short documentaries
Red Grooms: Sunflower in a Hothouse (1986)
Louise Dahl-Wolfe: Painting with Light (1999)
Herb Alpert: Music for Your Eyes (2003)
Feature documentaries
Country Music: The Spirit of America (IMAX, 2003) aka, Our Country
Chances: The Women of Magdalene (2006)
Television documentaries
Frederic Remington: The Truth of Other Days (PBS, 1991)
Beatrice Wood: Mama of Dada (PBS, 1994)
America's Music: The Roots of Country (TBS 1996)
Television series
Beakman's World (1993)
COPS (1993–1994)
Ultimate 10 (1999)
The Eddie Files (1997–2000)
Born American (2003)
Doc Talk (2006)
Hot Docs (2006)
Awards
Wins
Academy of Television Arts & Sciences: Emmy Award, Beakman's World, editing, 1995
References
External links
1956 births
American documentary filmmakers
Living people
People from Glen Rock, New Jersey
USC School of Cinematic Arts alumni
Date of birth missing (living people)
Bucknell University alumni
People from West Hills, Los Angeles
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62104948
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor%20Stearns
|
Governor Stearns
|
Governor Stearns may refer to:
Clark Daniel Stearns, 9th Governor of American Samoa
Marcellus Stearns, 11th Governor of Florida
Onslow Stearns, 32nd Governor of New Hampshire
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40586973
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%ADas%20sin%20luna
|
Días sin luna
|
Días sin luna (English: Days Without Moon) is a Mexican telenovela produced by Juan Osorio for Televisa in 1990. Based on an original script by Eric Vonn.
Angélica Aragón, Sergio Goyri and Gabriela Roel starred as protagonists, Daniela Castro starred as co-protagonist, while the leading actress Ofelia Guilmáin starred as main antagonist. Sylvia Pasquel starred as co-antagonist.
Cast
Angélica Aragón as Lucía Álvarez
Sergio Goyri as Andrés Monasterios
Gabriela Roel as Silvia Parlange
Ofelia Guilmáin as Doña Carlota Parlange Vda. de Escalante-Duval
Sylvia Pasquel as Laura de Santamaría
Daniela Castro as Lorena Parlange
Jorge Russek as Rogelio Santamaría
Gaston Tusset as Alfonso Parlange
Lupita Sandoval as Rosario "Chayito"
Lucía Guilmáin as Lourdes
Juan Carlos Casasola as Gastón Solís
Mercedes Olea as Sonia
Maty Huitrón as Magdalena
Zaide Silvia Gutiérrez as Irene
Mario Iván Martínez as Jaime
Beatriz Cecilia as Olga
Jair de Rubín as Rodrigo Parlange
Alejandro Gaytán as Julio Monasterio
Magda Giner as Teresa "Tere"
Patricia Bolaños as Marcela
Miriam Calderón as Cirila
John Pike as Marcial
Alicia Brug Alcocer as Graciela "Chelita"
David Rencoret as Rodolfo Berenice Domínguez as Estíbaliz Gloria Izaguirre
Leonor Llausás as Clementina Gerardo Moscoso as Lic. Vela Hugo Acosta as Santiago Polo Salazar as Padre Enrique Rosita Pelayo as Clara''
Perla de la Rosa
Yanni Contreras
Héctor Parra
Awards
References
External links
1990 telenovelas
Mexican telenovelas
1990 Mexican television series debuts
1990 Mexican television series endings
Spanish-language telenovelas
Television shows set in Mexico
Televisa telenovelas
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7126709
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rani%20Manicka
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Rani Manicka
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Rani Manicka is a Malaysian-born novelist, who divides her time between Malaysia and the United Kingdom.
Background, education
Manicka grew up in Terengganu and attended the University of Malaysia, where she received a business degree.
The Rice Mother, first novel
Infused with her own Sri Lankan Tamil family history, The Rice Mother is her first novel, and it won the Commonwealth Writers' Prize in 2003 for South East Asia and South Pacific region.
The Rice Mother is a "multi-generational story" and focuses on a Sri Lankan family living in Malaysia. Lakshimi is born in Ceylon, and 14 years old, is married to Ayah, a supposedly rich 37-year-old widower in Malaysia. On arrival in Malaysia, she finds that Ayah is not rich, and she has to struggle to care for the family, including six children. Lakshimi survives the horrors of World War II and the Japanese occupation of Malaya. Rani Manicka's work looks at the family members’ deep scars, including those which afflict the young generations.
The Japanese Lover, second novel
Her second novel, Touching Earth, was published in 2005, followed by "The Japanese Lover", released in 2009.
The Publishers Weekly says of this work, in a review:
Bestseller Manicka (The Rice Mother) spins an epic tale of love, loss, and cosmic destiny in her gripping and eloquent third novel, set against the lush backdrop of Malaya throughout the political and cultural turmoil of the 20th century. Prophesied at birth to have a wealthy but disastrous marriage, Parvathi, a poor Ceylonese girl, is married to a powerful man who despises her; she survives life in his house by devoting herself to her children, to a kindly servant, and to Maya, a powerful healer. When Japanese soldiers invade during WWII, she experiences love and passion for the first time in the arms of a commanding officer named Hattori.
Black Jack, third novel
Her latest work titled "Black Jack" was published in 2013.
References
External links
Facebook page
Reviews, on The Publishers' Weekly
Malaysian novelists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Malaysian women writers
Malaysian women novelists
Sri Lankan Tamil writers
Malaysian Hindus
Sri Lankan Hindus
Malaysian people of Indian descent
Malaysian people of Sri Lankan Tamil descent
Malaysian people of Tamil descent
Malaysian emigrants to the United Kingdom
British people of Sri Lankan Tamil descent
People from Surrey
21st-century Malaysian people
21st-century novelists
21st-century women writers
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2251760
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naphazoline
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Naphazoline
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Naphazoline is a medicine used as a decongestant, and a vasoconstrictor added to eye drops to relieve red eye. It has a rapid action in reducing swelling when applied to mucous membrane. It is a sympathomimetic agent with marked alpha adrenergic activity that acts on alpha-receptors in the arterioles of the conjunctiva to produce constriction, resulting in decreased congestion.
It was patented in 1934 and came into medical use in 1942.
Medical uses
Nasal administration
Nasal decongestant.
Ophthalmic drug administration
Eye drops (brand names Clear Eyes, and Cleari) narrowing swollen blood vessels (ophthalmic arteries, and ophthalmic veins) to relieve red eye.
Temporary red eye can safely be treated when the cause of the redness is established (eg cannabis induces corneal vasodilation). However, long-term use is not recommended without knowing the underlying condition.
Side effects
A few warnings and contraindications that apply to all naphazoline-containing substances intended for medicinal use are:
Hypersensitivity to naphazoline
Use in infants and children can result in central nervous system depression, leading to coma and marked reduction in body temperature
Should be used with caution in patients with severe cardiovascular disease including cardiac arrhythmia and in patients with diabetes, especially those with a tendency toward diabetic ketoacidosis
A possible association with stroke has been suggested.
Nasal administration
Extended use may cause rhinitis medicamentosa, a condition of rebound nasal congestion.
Ophthalmic drug administration
Known side-effect:
Stinging
Discomfort
Irritation
Increased red eyes
Blurred vision
Mydriasis
Punctate keratitis
Lacrimation (tears)
Increased intraocular pressure
Contraindications
Patients taking MAO inhibitors can experience a severe hypertensive crisis if given a sympathomimetic drug such as naphazoline HCl
Drug interactions can occur with anaesthetics that sensitize the myocardium to sympathomimetics (e.g. cyclopropane or halothane cautiously)
Exercise caution when applying prior to use of phenylephrine.
Pharmacology
Pharmacodynamics
Naphazoline is a mixed α1- and α2-adrenergic receptor agonist.
Chemistry
The non-hydrochloride form of Naphazoline has the molecular formula C14H14N2 and a molar mass of 210.28 g/mol. The HCl salt form has a molar mass of 246.73 g/mol.
Society and culture
Brand names
It is an active ingredient in several over-the-counter eye drop formulations including Clear Eyes, Rohto, Eucool, and Naphcon-A.
References
Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonists
Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists
Decongestants
Imidazolines
Naphthalenes
Vasoconstrictors
Ophthalmology drugs
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64414405
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrena%20evoluta
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Andrena evoluta
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The evolving miner bee (Andrena evoluta) is a species of miner bee in the family Andrenidae. It is found in North America.
References
Further reading
evoluta
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11915784
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pink%20skunk%20clownfish
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Pink skunk clownfish
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Amphiprion perideraion also known as the pink skunk clownfish or pink anemonefish, is a species of anemonefish that is widespread from northern Australia through the Malay Archipelago and Melanesia. Like all anemonefishes, it forms a symbiotic mutualism with sea anemones and is unaffected by the stinging tentacles of the host. It is a sequential hermaphrodite with a strict size-based dominance hierarchy; the female is largest, the breeding male is second largest, and the male nonbreeders get progressively smaller as the hierarchy descends. They exhibit protandry, meaning the breeding male changes to female if the sole breeding female dies, with the largest nonbreeder becoming the breeding male.
Description
The body of A. perideraion is pink to peach. It has the white stripe along the dorsal ridge that is common to all members of the skunk complex and a white head bar running vertically just behind the eye. While the largest species of anemonefish can reach a length of , A. perideraion is one of the smallest species, with females growing to a length of .
Color variations
Some anemonefish species have color variations based on geographic location, sex, and host anemone. A. perideraion, like other members of the skunk complex, does not show any of these variations.
Similar species
A. perideraion is included in the skunk complex, so has similarities with other species in this complex. The combination of dorsal stripe and head bar distinguishes it from most other species. A. akallopisos, A. sandaracinos, and A. pacificus all lack a white head bar, while A. nigripes lacks the dorsal stripe and has black belly and black pelvic and anal fins. The hybrid A. leucokranos has a broader head bar and the dorsal stripe does not extend the full length of the dorsal ridge.
Distribution and Habitat
A. perideraion is found throughout the Malay Archipelago and Melanesia, in the west Pacific Ocean from the Great Barrier Reef and Tonga, north to the Ryukyu Islands of Japan and in the eastern Indian Ocean from Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia, through the Rowley Shoals, Scott and Ashmore Reefs, Cocos and Christmas Islands to Sumatra. It inhabits reef lagoons and outer reef slopes. A. perideraion has been thought to be found at depths of 3–20 m, but surveys using autonomous underwater vehicles of mesophotic reefs at Viper Reef and Hydrographers Passage in the central Great Barrier Reef observed A. perideraion at depths between 50 and 65 m. A. perideraion and A. clarkii are the only anemonefish found on both the east and west coasts of Australia.
While the morphological features of A. perideraion are consistent throughout its range, genetic analysis of fish in the Indo-Malay Archipelago has shown a genetic break between the Java Sea population (Karimun Java) and all other locations. A north-to-south connection exists from the Philippines to the rest of the archipelago and a mixing of central populations along the strong current of the Indonesian throughflow.
Host anemones
The relationship between anemonefish and their host sea anemones is not random and instead is highly nested in structure. A. perideraion is a generalist, consistent with its widespread distribution, being hosted by the following four of the 10 host anemones:
Heteractis crispa sebae anemone
Heteractis magnifica magnificent sea anemone (usually)
Macrodactyla doreensis long-tentacle anemone
Stichodactyla gigantea giant carpet anemone
Unusually for anemonefish, A. perideraion has been observed sharing a host with other species, including A. clarkii and A. akallopisos.
Diet
The natural diet of anemonefish includes zooplankton, (diatoms and copepods), benthic worms, tunicates, and algae. A. perideraion is the only species of anemonefish to primarily feed on algae.
Conservation status
Anemonefish and their host anemones are found on coral reefs and face similar environmental issues. Like corals, anemones contain intracellular endosymbionts, zooxanthellae, and can suffer from bleaching due to triggers such as increased water temperature or acidification. Local populations and genetic diversity remain vulnerable to high level of exploitation of these species and their host anemones by the global ornamental fish trade. This species was not evaluated in the 2012 release of the IUCN Red List.
In aquaria
It has successfully been bred in an aquarium. In an aquarium, hobbyists have fed the species brine shrimp, mysis shrimp, chopped shellfish, and dried algae.
Gallery
References
External links
Pink skunk clownfish at Animal Diversity Web
Amphiprion
Fish of Palau
Fish described in 1852
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9256529
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc%20Karam
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Marc Karam
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Marc Karam (born August 28, 1980) is a Canadian professional poker player. In addition to playing in major international poker tournaments he makes his living playing online poker at various stakes against a wide range of opponents.
Early life
Karam was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada to Lebanese parents. In 1982, when he was two years old, he and his family moved to Lebanon for a year before returning to Canada to settle in Ottawa, Ontario. Karam attended McMaster Catholic elementary school and earned his high school diploma from St. Patrick’s High School in Ottawa. He then went on to study Glazier & Metal Mechanics at the Ontario Industrial & Finishing Skills Centre while working as an apprentice for a window and framing company, Transit Glass & Aluminum. After his schooling was complete, he began working full-time at Transit Glass & Aluminum. He also took on additional work as a self-taught, freelance, web designer.
Poker career
Late in the year 2001, Karam began playing micro-stakes home games and small local tournaments. Eventually, he deposited some money online and started to build a poker bankroll. He was an avid fan of professional wrestling and his friends had nicknamed him "Myst", short for "Mysterio" after his favourite professional wrestler, Rey Mysterio Jr. So, when he began playing online he chose to play under the name, "myst". He would deposit small amounts online and play $0.50/$1.00 no limit holdem.
Over the next 5 years, he slowly moved up in stakes and built a bankroll in excess of $100,000 (USD). In early 2006, Karam won an entry into the 2006 PokerStars Caribbean Adventure (PSCA) poker tournament by qualifying online via a "satellite" tournament. Shortly after qualifying for this event, he asked for and received a six-month sabbatical from his job at Transit Glass & Aluminum. During this same sabbatical, Karam managed to qualify for the 2006 European Poker Tour (EPT) Grand Final in Monte Carlo through another online "satellite" tournament. He placed fourth in that tournament and along the way he eliminated Dutch poker pro Marcel Lüske holding the against Lüske's pair of eights when he caught running sevens on the turn and river, giving him a Full House with the pair of 4's on the flop (after that hand, Lüske stood up, placed his finger in his mouth and pretended to vomit). Thereafter, he quit his job and became a professional poker player.
Since becoming a professional poker player, Marc has earned over $2,000,000 (USD) in major poker tournaments all around the world.
He went on to place in the money at the 4th Annual Five Star World Poker Classic and the July 21, 2006 No Limit Holdem event at the 37th Annual World Series of Poker. He then managed to place in the top 6 at the next three major tournaments he entered; The 2006 North American Poker Championship, The 2007 Aussie Millions, and The 2007 EPT Grand Final. Karam is the only professional player to have accomplished this feat.
During the 38th Annual World Series of Poker, Karam earned over $9,000 (USD) for his 33rd-place finish in the World Championship Heads-Up No Limit Hold'em event, during which he defeated 2005 NBC National Heads-Up champion Ted Forrest.
In 2007, Karam became a regular monthly contributor to both Canadian Poker Player magazine in Canada and Card Player magazine in the United States of America.
In 2010, he entered into a sponsorship deal with online poker site, Full Tilt Poker.
References
External links
Official site
Canadian Poker Player interview
Pokerlistings.com interview
EuroPoker Magazine interview
1980 births
Canadian people of Lebanese descent
Canadian poker players
Living people
People from Montreal
Sportspeople of Lebanese descent
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374069
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major%20League%20Baseball%20Manager%20of%20the%20Year%20Award
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Major League Baseball Manager of the Year Award
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In Major League Baseball, the Manager of the Year Award is an honor given annually since 1983 to two outstanding managers, one each in the American League (AL) and the National League (NL). The winner is voted on by 30 members of the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA). Each submits a vote for first, second, and third place among the managers of each league. The manager with the highest score in each league wins the award.
Several managers have won the award in a season in which they led their team to 100 or more wins. They are:
Lou Piniella – 116 (Seattle Mariners, 2001)
Joe Torre – 114 (New York Yankees, 1998)
Gabe Kapler – 107 (San Francisco Giants, 2021)
Sparky Anderson – 104 (Detroit Tigers, 1984)
Tony La Russa – 104 (Oakland Athletics, 1988)
Dusty Baker – 103 (San Francisco Giants, 1993)
Larry Dierker – 102 (Houston Astros, 1998)
Whitey Herzog – 101 (St. Louis Cardinals, 1985)
Rocco Baldelli – 101 (Minnesota Twins, 2019)
Kevin Cash – 100 (Tampa Bay Rays, 2021)
In 1991, Bobby Cox became the first manager to win the award in both leagues, winning with the Atlanta Braves and having previously won with the Toronto Blue Jays in 1985. La Russa, Piniella, Jim Leyland, Bob Melvin, Davey Johnson, and Joe Maddon have since won the award in both leagues. Cox and La Russa have won the most awards, with four. Baker, Leyland, Piniella, Showalter, Maddon and Melvin have won three times. In 2005, Cox became the first manager to win the award in consecutive years. Cash became the second manager in 2021, and first in the AL, to win the award in consecutive years. Kevin Cash and Gabe Kapler are the most recent winners.
Because of the 1994–95 Major League Baseball strike cut the season short and canceled the post-season, the BBWAA writers effectively created a de facto mythical national championship (similar to college football) by naming managers of the unofficial league champions (lead the leagues in winning percentage) (Buck Showalter and Felipe Alou) as Managers of the Year. Two franchises, the New York Mets and the Milwaukee Brewers, have not had a manager win the award.
Only five managers have won the award while leading a team that finished outside the top two spots in its division. Buck Rodgers was the first, winning the award in 1987 with the third-place Expos. Tony Peña and Showalter won the award with third-place teams in back-to-back years: Peña with the Royals in 2003, and Showalter with the Rangers in 2004. Joe Girardi is the only manager to win the award with a fourth-place team (2006 Florida Marlins); he is also the only manager to win the award after fielding a team with a losing record.
Key
Winners
American League
National League
Notes
The formula used to calculate the final scores is , where F is the number of first-place votes, S is second -place votes, and T is third-place votes.
The 1994–95 Major League Baseball strike ended the season on August 11, as well as cancelling the entire postseason, with writers effectively turning the vote into a de facto mythical national championship, similar to college football.
Johnny Oates and Joe Torre tied for the lead among voters in the American League in 1996.
See also
"Esurance MLB Awards" Best Manager (in MLB)
Baseball America Manager of the Year
Baseball Prospectus Internet Baseball Awards Manager of the Year
Chuck Tanner Major League Baseball Manager of the Year Award
Associated Press Manager of the Year (discontinued in 2001)
Honor Rolls of Baseball #Managers
MLB All-Time Manager (1997; BBWAA)
Sporting News Manager of the Decade (2009)
Sports Illustrated MLB Manager of the Decade (2009)
Major League Baseball all-time managerial wins
Best Coach/Manager ESPY Award (all sports)
References
General
Inline citations
Major League Baseball trophies and awards
Awards established in 1983
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25432847
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petras%20Cvirka
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Petras Cvirka
|
Petras Cvirka (March 12, 1909, Klangai, Kovno Governorate – May 2, 1947, Vilnius) was a Lithuanian writer of several novels, children's books, and short story collections. He wrote under a variety of noms de plume: A. Cvingelis, Cezaris Petrėnas, J. K. Pavilionis, K. Cvirka, Kanapeikus, Kazys Gerutis, Klangis, Klangis Petras, Klangių Petras, L. P. Cvirka, Laumakys, P. Cvinglis, P. Cvirka-Rymantas, P. Gelmė, P. Veliuoniškis, Petras Serapinas, and S. Laumakys. His works have been translated into Belarusian, Bulgarian, Chinese, Czech, English, Estonian, Hungarian, Latvian, Polish, Romanian, and Uzbek.
Biography
Cvirka attended an art school in Kaunas between 1926 and 1930. However, after graduation he drifted away from visual arts to literature. He began publishing poetry in 1924 and studied literature in Paris during 1931 and 1932. He translated 9 books and 34 shorter works from French into Lithuanian. Later in the decade he travelled to Moscow, Leningrad, and western Europe. He published works in the magazine Trečiasis frontas (Third Front), which was financially supported by the underground Communist Party of Lithuania (LCP) and later collaborated with the magazine Literatūra (Literature), also organized and financed by the LCP.
He joined the Communist Party in 1940 and supported Lithuania's incorporation into the Soviet Union.
In 1941, following the outbreak of war between Germany and the Soviet Union, he moved to Alma-Ata and then Moscow, joining the Union of Writers of the USSR. Returning to Lithuania in 1944, he went on to serve as chairman of the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic's Writer's Union and as editor of the journal Pergalė (Victory). After Cvirka's death in 1947, the Soviet authorities erected a monument to his memory in Vilnius. This monument became the object of controversy after the restoration of independence in 1990 due to Cvirka's pro-communist activities. There were calls for its removal. On November 19, 2021 the statue was removed.
Works
Cvirka's works combine biting commentary on social issues with keen feelings for the natural world. His works are also known for their wit and strong dialogue. The novel Meisteris ir sūnūs depicts the folk art of Lithuania in a new way. It incorporates plentiful folkloric and ethnographic details of Lithuanian village life and attempts to translate rich oral traditions into the written medium. A prominent example of socialist realism, the novel Žemė maitintoja depicts an ideal new socialist man. The protagonist is a young, non-religious, determined farmer, who received his land as a result of the land reform when estates of former nobility were divided among the poor. He has no emotional attachment to his land, rather perceiving the economic benefits of collective farming. This is an example of a person who needs to be created by communism. The two-volume Frank Kruk is a satirical novel about Pranas Krukelis, a Lithuanian immigrant to the United States who Americanizes his name to Frank Kruk. Krukelis engages in criminal activity and exploits other Lithuanian immigrants. A theatrical adaptation was staged in Klaipėda in 2003; Vytautas Paukštė received the Lithuanian National Prize for his portrayal of Kruk. Cvirka was the first writer to address the Lithuanian partisans – anti-Soviet guerrilla fighters – in the short story Pabučiavimas, one of his last works.
Selected bibliography
Pirmosios mišios (The First Mass, 1928)
Saulėlydis Nykos valsčiuje (The Sunset in the Community of Nyka, 1930)
Frank Kruk (1934)
Meisteris ir sūnūs (The Artisan and His Sons, 1936)
Žemė maitintoja (Land the Nourisher, 1946)
Brolybės sėkla (Seeds of Fraternity, 1947) from Archive.org (English)
References
1909 births
1947 deaths
People from Jurbarkas District Municipality
People from Kovensky Uyezd
Lithuanian male writers
Lithuanian novelists
Lithuanian poets
Lithuanian short story writers
Lithuanian children's writers
Socialist realism writers
Lithuanian communists
Lithuanian-language writers
20th-century novelists
20th-century poets
20th-century short story writers
20th-century Lithuanian writers
Burials at Rasos Cemetery
Soviet writers
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3885749
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WNYZ-LD
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WNYZ-LD
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WNYZ-LD, virtual and VHF digital channel 6, is a low-power television station licensed to New York, New York, United States. The station is owned by K Media, LLC. WNYZ-LD's transmitter is located in the Hunters Point subsection in Long Island City, Queens.
This was one of the many stations that broadcast in analog channel 6, commonly known as "Franken-FMs" because the audio portion of the signal lies at 87.75 MHz, which is receivable by typical FM radios, tuned to the 87.75 frequency. During most of its existence, the station was operated more like a radio station than a television station. Before ceasing analog transmissions, WNYZ-LD broadcast video, usually silent films, which were repeated throughout the day to fulfill the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) requirement that video be broadcast on the frequency, because WNYZ-LD was licensed as a television facility. The station aired this programming without commercials, while viewers heard the audio of WWRU in Jersey City, New Jersey, which was similarly intended for the radio audience listening on 87.7 FM.
History
As W33BS
The station's history originated in 1987. However, it first signed on in 1998 as W33BS in Darien, Connecticut, then on UHF channel 33. The station was subsequently moved to VHF channel 6 in 2003. Rev. Dr. Carrie L. Thomas, the original owner, sold the station to Island Broadcasting Company after its transition to channel 6. After the transition, it was re-licensed to New York City, and dropped its religious format. It had, since moving to channel 6, effectively operated as an FM radio station. As is true in most other major U.S. cities, the New York City FM radio dial is significantly crowded. As such, the market had not added a station to the FM band since 1985, effectively necessitating the rather unconventional extension of the FM band.
As WNYZ-LP
The call sign changed to WNYZ-LP in 2003 and moved to its current channel 6 making it the seventh station to be added to VHF dial next to WBQM-LP. The audio programming on WNYZ was originally Russian Top 40 (Radio Vsyo - Russian for "Radio Everything"). Late in 2007, it was announced that the station would be changing the audio format to a Dance-intensive Rhythmic Top 40 format as "Pulse 87". After several delays, the station flipped to the new format on February 11, 2008, at Midnight.
Brief digital operation
In November 2008, Island Broadcasting installed an Axcera DT325B digital VHF transmitter with the Axciter/Bandwidth Enhancement Technology (BET) option, which permitted WNYZ-LP to simultaneously transmit a single 480i SD digital stream using virtual channel 1.1, along with the analog audio carrier on 87.75 MHz. This allowed the station to serve both its radio and television audiences. At first, WNYZ broadcast color bars, a legal ID, and a message telling viewers to listen to 87.7 FM. Then in 2009, the station broadcast The Jared Whitham Channel featuring Jared Whitham, a bespectacled local area comic/musician. The station operated in this hybrid analog/digital mode for just over one year.
Pulse 87
From 2008 to October 30, 2009, WNYZ-LP operated as the dance music format Pulse 87.
Joel Salkowitz, the station's program director and a former employee of WQHT during their early days told the online website All Access about Pulse 87's musical direction: "The station is a Top 40/Rhythmic, leaning away from Rock and Rap and more towards Club and Dance sounds in their place. Familiar, rhythmic hits mixed with the very best new music. This is a current/recurrent-based radio station." The station's format, which features more cutting-edge dance music, is unique in New York City as WKTU currently plays a more classic Rhythmic Adult Contemporary dance format. The format is also rarely seen in the US as only a handful of stations carry this format in America." The station transmits from the Citicorp Building in Long Island City, and Pulse 87.7 IDs alluded to it as "that big blue building in Queens".
The station's audio signal reached the five boroughs, Nassau and Western Suffolk, Westchester, Rockland and Northeastern New Jersey. Before June 12, 2009, the signal of ABC's WPVI-TV Channel 6 in Philadelphia made WNYZ-LP unavailable in most of central and parts of Northern New Jersey; WRGB Channel 6 in Albany also had similar effects in parts of the Hudson Valley in New York. After the transition to digital TV on June 12, 2009, reception of WNYZ improved in Central New Jersey and the Hudson Valley. However, it continued to impact reception of WPVI and WRGB's digital signals in these areas because they stayed on the channel 6 frequency.
On March 10, 2008, the station made a deal with Arbitron that would allow the station to be rated in its PPMs, but because it is a television station, WNYZ could not be rated in the official Arbitron radio books for the New York Metropolitan market. On March 31, 2009, it was announced that, according to a Mega Media press release, "due to the recent policy change at Arbitron, effective April 1, 2009, Pulse 87 will now be included and measured under the standard PPM Radio Ratings report effective April 2009 survey period." Pulse 87 was later added to the Rhythmic and Dance panels at Mediabase, while Billboard/Nielsen BDS had the station monitored as a reporter on the Dance/Mix Show Airplay panel.
Pulse 87 has since been relaunched as an Internet station at http://www.pulse87ny.com/ ;the station is operated by Salkowitz, who purchased the Pulse 87 automation equipment and the intellectual property in a bankruptcy auction.
Financial troubles and bankruptcy
Mega Media had been in serious financial trouble long before it launched Pulse 87. This came to a head on August 12, 2009, when Mega Media filed for bankruptcy, reporting $3.5 million in liabilities against assets of just $180,000. Mega says it hopes to continue operating Pulse while it restructures under Chapter 11.
On October 30, 2009, the current lease between Mega Media Group and Island Broadcasting ended because Island Broadcasting did not receive the $500,000 it was owed according to the Stipulation and Order regarding the Time Brokerage Agreement. Island Broadcasting was under no obligation to continue allowing Pulse 87 to use their signal without payment for the lease. However, there was a tentative deal in place for a new company to buy out Mega Media and pay off the debt owed to Island Broadcasting. The new company planned to continue the dance format but nothing ever came to fruition. The WNYZ-LP license was offered for sale by Island Broadcasting for $15 million. Pulse 87 went off the air on October 30, 2009, at 5:00 PM.
Party 105 era
A new format for WNYZ was announced on November 2, 2009, at 6 am. JVC Broadcasting's WPTY "Party 105" took over the 87.7 frequency. The same programming airing on WPTY, Party 105, in Suffolk County was heard on 87.7, but the music was not the same that the Pulse 87 audience had grown accustomed to. It was a hip-hop based format, with some dance music, but mostly nostalgic 1980s and 1990s rhythmic hits and current R&B and hip-hop. The studios and programming originated on Long Island, while WNYZ served as a simulcast to WPTY. Pulse 87's audience, which had grown to over 1 million listeners per week before they went off the air, eventually stopped tuning into this new format, and the inability of many potential listeners in the New York area to tune into the 87.7 signal made the simulcast unprofitable for JVC Broadcasting. On January 21, 2010, WPTY stopped simulcasting on WNYZ-LP. Island Broadcasting let the signal go silent for one day and then began playing dance music for two hours the next morning. Due to a non-compete agreement, Island Broadcasting was not allowed to broadcast the dance music. Later in the day, a filler format of Jazz and Blues standards with station identification aired until January 27, 2010.
Indie Darkroom and Russian Radio
The following day, the station later implemented an independent music format on its audio channel known as the Indie Darkroom.
On March 21, 2010, the station announced that Indie Darkroom would soon be relegated to the overnight hours on weekends. During other hours of Saturdays and Sundays, the station becomes CaribStar 87.7FM (Sat/Sun 6am-midnight). Although a number of stations offer brokered programming for New York's estimated 1.5 million English/French Caribbean nationals (including a number of pirate stations in Bronx and Brooklyn), CaribStar represents the most significant effort to develop programing for this consumer market.
On March 31, 2010, the station added Russian language programming ("Danu Radio", a successor of "Radio Vsyo"). "Danu Radio" airs on weekdays 5am-8pm, and Fridays until 3am.
On May 2, 2010, the station began airing Hindi-language programming on Sunday mornings.
On July 25, 2010, the station began airing Korean programing simulcasted from WWRU in Jersey City.
Accidental license cancellation
On June 29, 2011, the FCC canceled the license of WNYZ-LP and deleted its call sign; the station had filed an extension for its Construction Permit (CP) for its digital facilities, after the original CP had expired. According to FCC regulations, a CP extension could only be filed only if the current CP is still valid. According to Scott Fybush, the cancellation was eventually undone due to the cancellation being a mistake on the FCC's part; the FCC meant to only deny the digital CP extension, not revoke the analog one as they had mistakenly done. The station's license was renewed in 2015 for an 8-year term.
Analog-to-digital conversion
All low power and translator television stations were required to shut down all analog television transmission by July 13, 2021. The station had construction permits to build its digital television transmitter.
The station ended its programing on July 13, 2021, at 11:14p.m. as part of the FCC mandated shutdown with the station permanently shutting down its transmitters hours later. NY Radio Korea announced that the radio service would continue to be aired on other radio stations, including WVIP via HD Radio, WVIP's translator station W268BY at 101.5 FM in Queens, as well as on other digital services. WNYZ-LP became the last analog television station to sign off in the New York Metropolitan area.
On October 22, 2021, WNYZ-LP returned on the air at 87.7 FM with a new digital transmitter. The station had delays in receiving the equipment due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The station began working on converting into a digital transmission in September 2021. On January 28, 2022, WNYZ-LP changed its call sign to WNYZ-LD.
Subchannel
References
External links
Official IndieDarkroom Radio
Official IndieDarkroom Magazine
NYZ-LD
NYZ-LD
Television channels and stations established in 1998
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2011
1998 establishments in New York City
2011 disestablishments in New York (state)
2015 establishments in New York City
Television channels and stations established in 2015
ATSC 3.0 television stations
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27320791
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punta%20Scais
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Punta Scais
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Punta Scais is a mountain of Lombardy, Italy. It is located in the Bergamo Alps.
References
Mountains of the Alps
Mountains of Lombardy
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20619029
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TREE-META
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TREE-META
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The TREE-META (or Tree Meta, TREEMETA) Translator Writing System is a compiler-compiler system for context-free languages originally developed in the 1960s. Parsing statements of the metalanguage resemble augmented Backus–Naur form with embedded tree-building directives. Unparsing rules include extensive tree-scanning and code-generation constructs.
History
TREE-META was instrumental in the development of the oN-Line System and was ported to many systems including the Univac 1108, GE 645, SDS-940, ICL 1906A, PERQ, and UCSD p-System.
Example
This is a complete example of a TREE-META program extracted (and untested) from the more complete (declarations, conditionals, and blocks) example in Appendix 6 of the ICL 1900 TREE-META manual. That document also has a definition of TREE-META in TREE-META in Appendix 3. This program is not just a recognizer, but also outputs the assembly language for the input. It demonstrates one of the key features of TREE-META, which is tree pattern matching. It is used on both the LHS (GET and VAL for example) and the RHS (ADD and SUB).
% This is an ALGOL-style comment delimited by %
% ====================== INPUT PARSE RULES ======================= %
.META PROG
% A program defining driving rule is required. %
% This PROG rule is the driver of the complete program. %
PROG = $STMT ;
% $ is the zero or more operator. %
% PROG (the program) is defined as zero or more STMT (statements). %
STMT = .ID ':=' AEXP :STORE[2]*;
% Parse an assignment statement from the source to the tree. %
% ':=' is a string constant, :STORE creates a STORE node, %
% [2] defines this as having two branches i.e. STORE[ID,AEXP]. %
% * triggers a unparse of the tree, Starting with the last created %
% tree i.e. the STORE[ID,AEXP] which is emitted as output and %
% removed from the tree. %
AEXP = FACTOR $('+' FACTOR :ADD[2] / '-' FACTOR :SUB[2]);
% Here we have the recognizer for arithmetic '+' :ADD and '-' :SUB %
% tree building. Again the [2] creates a 2-branch ADD or SUB tree. %
% Unparsing is deferred until an entire statement has been parsed. %
% ADD[FACTOR,FACTOR] or SUB[FACTOR,FACTOR] %
FACTOR = '-' PRIME :MINUSS[1] / PRIME ;
PRIME = .ID / .NUM / '(' AEXP ')' ?3? ;
% ?3? is a hint for error messages. %
% ===================== OUTPUT UNPARSE RULES ===================== %
STORE[-,-] => GET[*2] 'STORE ' *1 ;
% *1 is the left tree branch. *2 is the right %
% GET[*2] will generate code to load *2. %
% The 'STORE' string will be output %
% followed by left branch *1 a symbol %
% Whatever *2, it will be loaded by GET[*2]. %
GET[.ID] => 'LOAD ' *1 /
[.NUM] => ' LOADI ' *1 /
[MINUSS[.NUM]] => 'LOADN ' *1:*1 /
[-] => *1 ;
% Here an .ID or a .NUM will simply be loaded. A MINUSS node %
% containing a .NUM will have this used, the notation *1:*1 means %
% the first branch (a .NUM) of the first branch (MINUSS). %
% Anything else will be passed on for node recognition %
% The unparse rules deconstruct a tree outputing code. %
ADD[-,-] => SIMP[*2] GET[*1] 'ADD' VAL[*2] /
SIMP[*1] GET[*2] 'ADD' VAL[*1] /
GET[*1] 'STORE T+' < OUT[A] ; A<-A+1 > /
GET[*2] 'ADD T+' < A<-A-1 ; OUT[A] > ;
% Chevrons < > indicate an arithmetic operation, for example to %
% generate an offset A relative to a base address T. %
SUB[-,-] => SIMP[*2] GET[*1] 'SUB' VAL[*2] /
SIMP[*1] GET[*2] 'NEGATE' % 'ADD' VAL[*1] /
GET[*2] 'STORE T+' < OUT[A] ; A<-A+1 > /
GET[*1] 'SUB T+' < A<-A-1 ; OUT[A] > ;
% A percent character in an unparse rule indicates a newline. %
SIMP[.ID] => .EMPTY /
[.NUM] => .EMPTY /
[MINUSS[.NUM]] => .EMPTY;
VAL[.ID] => ' ' *1 /
[.NUM] => 'I ' *1 /
[MINUSS[.NUM]] => 'N ' *1:*1 ;
MINUSS[-] => GET[*1] 'NEGATE' ;
.END
See also
oN-Line System
META II
References
C. Stephen Carr, David A. Luther, Sherian Erdmann, The TREE-META Compiler-Compiler System: A Meta Compiler System for the Univac 1108 and General Electric 645, University of Utah Technical Report RADC-TR-69-83.
, also 1968 Tech Report by Englebart, English, and Rulifson on Tree Meta's use in what they called Special-Purpose Languages (SPL's), which we now call Domain Specific Languages (DSL's), in the NLS.
Donald I. Andrews, J. F. Rulifson (1967). Tree Meta (Working Draft): A Meta Compiler for the SDS 940, Stanford Research Institute, Menlo Park, CA. Engelbart Collection, Stanford University Archive, M 638, Box 16, Folder 3.
ANDREWS, LEHTMAN, and WHP. "Tree Meta – a metacompiler for the Augmentation Research Center". Preliminary draft, 25 March 1971.
Alan C. Kay The Reactive Engine Ph.D. thesis 1969 University of Utah. Notes that Henri Gouraud did the FLEX compiler in TREE-META on the SRI (Engelbart) SDS-940.
Atlas Computer Laboratory quarterly report (21 November 1975), F. R. A. Hopgood documents work using TREE-META to create a compiler generating FR80 assembler output.
Atlas Computer Laboratory quarterly report (12 October 1973), C. J. Pavelin documents (section 4.10) TREE-META being ported to the 1906A.
TREE-META: a meta-compiler for the Interdata Model 4 by W. M. Newman. Queen Mary College, London. November 1972.
External links
Manual for ICL 1900 version of TREE-META by F R A Hopgood.
Home page for collecting information about TREE-META
TREE META Draft Document December, 1967 at bitsavers.org
TREE META Release Document April, 1968 at bitsavers.org
STUDY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN INTELLECT AUGMENTATION TECHNIQUES by D. C. Engelbart
Implementation of TREE-META in C (based on the version of TREE-META for the ICL 1900)
A revival of the TREE-META compiler-compiler.
1960s software
Parser generators
Programming languages
Domain-specific programming languages
SRI International software
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12750027
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Kay%20%28Scottish%20footballer%29
|
John Kay (Scottish footballer)
|
John Leck Kay was a Scottish footballer of the 1870s and 1880s who played mainly as a left winger.
Kay's first senior club was Third Lanark where he won a Scottish Cup runners-up medal in 1878. He moved to Queen's Park in 1879 where he won three successive Scottish Cup winners' medals in 1880, 1881 and 1882, plus two Glasgow Merchants Charity Cups. He returned to Third Lanark in 1883 and later had a short spell at Pollokshields Athletic before emigrating to the United States in 1887.
He was capped 6 times by the Scotland national team between 1880 and 1884, scoring 5 goals.
References
External links
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Scottish footballers
Scotland international footballers
Third Lanark A.C. players
Queen's Park F.C. players
Footballers from Glasgow
19th-century Scottish people
Scottish emigrants to the United States
Pollokshields Athletic F.C. players
Place of death missing
Association football outside forwards
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584924
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PPT
|
PPT
|
PPT may refer to:
Organizations
Parti Progressiste Tchadien, a political party active in Chad between 1947 and 1973
Partido del Pueblo Trabajador (Working People's Party of Puerto Rico), a political party in Puerto Rico
Patria Para Todos, a left-wing political party in Venezuela
Permanent Peoples' Tribunal, an international opinion tribunal founded in Bologna, 1979
Plunge Protection Team, a nickname of the United States President's Working Group on Financial Markets
Porin Pallo-Toverit, the former name of the Finnish football club FC Jazz
Science and technology
.ppt, the file format used by Microsoft PowerPoint presentation software
Parts-per notation for parts-per-trillion (more common) or parts-per-thousand (less common)
PerlPowerTools, a revitalized of the classic Unix command set in pure Perl
Positive partial transpose, a criterion used in quantum mechanics
Power point tracking, a solar energy charging technology
Primitive Pythagorean triple, three integers that form a right triangle
Probabilistic polynomial-time, a class of Turing machines that are probabilistic and run in polynomial-time
Pulsed plasma thruster, a method of spacecraft propulsion
Biology and medicine
Palmitoyl protein thioesterase, enzymes that remove thioester-linked fatty acyl groups
PPT1, a member of the palmitoyl protein thioesterase family
PPT2, a member of the palmitoyl protein thioesterase family
Pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, a collection of neurons located in the brainstem
Podophyllotoxin, a medical cream to treat genital warts
Propylpyrazoletriol, a selective agonist of ERα used in scientific research
Protopanaxatriol, a molecule found in ginseng
Transportation
Fa'a'ā International Airport (IATA airport code), Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia
Personal public transport, a transportation model
Games
Partouche Poker Tour, a poker tournament
Professional Poker Tour, a series of televised poker tournaments
Other
Periodismo para todos, a journalist TV programme of Argentina
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32217712
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20II%2C%20Margrave%20of%20Meissen
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William II, Margrave of Meissen
|
Wilhelm II, the Rich (23 April 1371 – 13 March 1425) was the second son of Margrave Frederick the Strict of Meissen and Catherine of Henneberg.
Under the Division of Chemnitz of 1382, he received the Osterland and Landsberg jointly with his brothers, Frederick I, Elector of Saxony and George (d. 1402). When Margrave William I "the one-eyed" died in 1407, William and Frederick also inherited a part of Meissen. Under the 1410 Treaty of Naumburg, however, the brothers agreed to a fresh division of the Meissen territory. They agreed to divide the Osterland between themselves. They did so in 1411; William received the larger part of the Osterland, including Leipzig, which Frederick had managed to obtain instead of Jena.
William fought at his brother's side in the Hussite war in Bohemia. He is rumoured to have been married to Amelia of Mazovia. According to Karlheinz Blaschke, however, he remained unmarried.
He died on 13 March 1425.
References
Ancestors
References and sources
House of Wettin
Margraves of Meissen
1371 births
1425 deaths
14th-century German nobility
15th-century German nobility
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9036856
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bau
|
Bau
|
Bau or BAU may refer to:
Places
Bau (island) in Fiji
Bau District, Fiji
Bau (village), Fiji
Bau, Sarawak, a mining town in Malaysia
Bau, Sudan, in Blue Nile State, also Bau, Baw, Bāw, Darfung, Wisho or Wisko
Bauru Airport, Brazil, IATA airport code
Organizations and institutions
Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
Bangladesh Agricultural University
Behavioral Analysis Unit of the US FBI
Beirut Arab University
Baekseok Arts University, Seoul, South Korea
Other uses
Bau (goddess), in Sumerian and Akkadian mythology
Bau (musician) (born 1962), Cape Verdean musician
Bau language (disambiguation)
Business as usual (disambiguation)
Bau (album), a 2006 Mina album
Gordon Bau (1907–1975), US make-up expert
Binding antibody unit, a unit defined by the WHO for the comparison of assays detecting the same class of immunoglobulins with the same specificity
See also
Ba U
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3387227
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrondissement%20of%20Ch%C3%A2teau-Gontier
|
Arrondissement of Château-Gontier
|
The arrondissement of Château-Gontier is an arrondissement of France in the Mayenne department in the Pays de la Loire region. It has 76 communes. Its population is 73,769 (2016), and its area is .
Composition
The communes of the arrondissement of Château-Gontier, and their INSEE codes, are:
Arquenay (53009)
Astillé (53011)
Athée (53012)
Ballots (53018)
Bannes (53019)
La Bazouge-de-Chemeré (53022)
Bazougers (53025)
Beaumont-Pied-de-Bœuf (53027)
Bierné-les-Villages (53029)
Le Bignon-du-Maine (53030)
La Boissière (53033)
Bouchamps-lès-Craon (53035)
Bouère (53036)
Bouessay (53037)
Brains-sur-les-Marches (53041)
Le Buret (53046)
La Chapelle-Craonnaise (53058)
Château-Gontier-sur-Mayenne (53062)
Châtelain (53063)
Chemazé (53066)
Chémeré-le-Roi (53067)
Chérancé (53068)
Congrier (53073)
Cosmes (53075)
Cossé-en-Champagne (53076)
Cossé-le-Vivien (53077)
Coudray (53078)
Courbeveille (53082)
Craon (53084)
La Cropte (53087)
Cuillé (53088)
Daon (53089)
Denazé (53090)
Fontaine-Couverte (53098)
Fromentières (53101)
Gastines (53102)
Gennes-Longuefuye (53104)
Grez-en-Bouère (53110)
Houssay (53117)
Laubrières (53128)
Livré-la-Touche (53135)
Maisoncelles-du-Maine (53143)
Marigné-Peuton (53145)
Mée (53148)
Ménil (53150)
Méral (53151)
Meslay-du-Maine (53152)
Niafles (53165)
Origné (53172)
Peuton (53178)
Pommerieux (53180)
Préaux (53184)
Prée-d'Anjou (53124)
Quelaines-Saint-Gault (53186)
Renazé (53188)
La Roche-Neuville (53136)
La Roë (53191)
La Rouaudière (53192)
Ruillé-Froid-Fonds (53193)
Saint-Aignan-sur-Roë (53197)
Saint-Brice (53203)
Saint-Charles-la-Forêt (53206)
Saint-Denis-d'Anjou (53210)
Saint-Denis-du-Maine (53212)
Saint-Erblon (53214)
Saint-Loup-du-Dorat (53233)
Saint-Martin-du-Limet (53240)
Saint-Michel-de-la-Roë (53242)
Saint-Poix (53250)
Saint-Quentin-les-Anges (53251)
Saint-Saturnin-du-Limet (53253)
La Selle-Craonnaise (53258)
Senonnes (53259)
Simplé (53260)
Val-du-Maine (53017)
Villiers-Charlemagne (53273)
History
The arrondissement of Château-Gontier was created in 1800, disbanded in 1926 and restored in 1942. At the March 2016 reorganisation of the arrondissements of Mayenne, it gained 14 communes from the arrondissement of Laval.
As a result of the reorganisation of the cantons of France which came into effect in 2015, the borders of the cantons are no longer related to the borders of the arrondissements. The cantons of the arrondissement of Château-Gontier were, as of January 2015:
Bierné
Château-Gontier-Est
Château-Gontier-Ouest
Cossé-le-Vivien
Craon
Grez-en-Bouère
Saint-Aignan-sur-Roë
References
Chateau-Gontier
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28033466
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadouken
|
Hadouken
|
The is a special attack from Capcom's Street Fighter series of fighting games. Game designer Takashi Nishiyama credits an energy attack called Hadouho (lit. the "Wave Motion Gun"), from the 1970s anime Space Battleship Yamato, as the origin of Hadouken. It is used by the characters Ryu, Ken, Sakura, Akuma (Gouki in Japan) and Gouken. The Hadouken and the Shoryuken are the two archetypal moves of these characters, as well as some of the most iconic and famous elements of the Street Fighter series or even video games in general.
In Capcom games and merchandise
Street Fighter characters that use the Hadouken are Ryu and Ken since the first Street Fighter, later joined by Sakura, Gouken and Akuma. The move is achieved by the character thrusting their palms forward, sending a blast of spirit energy (or ki) towards the opponent ("chi blast"). It is normally performed by the player moving the joystick or D-pad a quarter circle forward towards the opponent from the down position, then pressing a punch button (so, for example, a character facing to the right would execute the move by pressing ↓, ↘, → and then "punch" in a smooth motion). Although the execution has been always the same, the design, speed, damage and other attributes of the technique vary in different games.
Most fighting games of the sprite-based era used at least some characters with projectile special moves, and while the actual type of projectile launched varies from game to game and character to character, the execution and behavior of these attacks are often rather similar to the Hadouken. The Hadouken can usually be performed in three different degrees depending on which type punch is used; these will affect its speed, damage caused on impact, amount of recovery frames and sometimes its range. The Hadouken itself has many variations depending on the character in question that the move is associated with. For example, both Ryu and Akuma use a fire-based variant of the move called the Shakunetsu Hadouken (灼熱波動拳) or Blazing Surge Fist, which briefly engulfs its target in flames. Later titles in the series that use super combo moves ramp up the power of the Hadouken, evolving it into the Shinku Hadouken (真空波動拳 – Vacuum Surge Fist). This takes one of two forms depending on the game: an outsized fireball or a blast of constant energy. Street Fighter III introduced the Denjin Hadouken (電刃波動拳), an unblockable, electrified version which could be 'stored' by holding down the punch key, for timing purposes. Introduced in the Capcom vs. SNK series, the "Evil Ryu" Kage's Satsui no Hadou Ryu uses a more powerful version called the Metsu Hadouken (滅波動拳), which acts similar to Denjin Hadouken, being unblockable and stunning the opponent. Street Fighter IV brought back the Metsu Hadouken, though it instead acts simply like a more powerful variant of the Shinkuu Hadouken. The latest entry in the series, Street Fighter V, brought back the Denjin Hadouken, which can be performed by performing the Shinku Hadouken while in Ryu's V Trigger mode.
An unofficial "Rainbow Edition" of Street Fighter II gave the Hadouken abilities to all characters, possibly influencing later official games. Since then, many others in the Street Fighter series have been given similar moves, but have their own names for it. For instance, Kairi and Allen Snider both have such a move, the latter calling it Fire Force. Dhalsim spits fire ("Yoga Fire) and Chun-Li eventually gained a projectile move she calls the Kikouken (気功拳, Chi-Gong Fist). In Street Fighter III, Sean has no routine Hadouken, but can employ a similar super-move named the Hadou Burst. Dan Hibiki utilizes a single-handed projectile called the Gadouken (我道拳, Self-Taught Fist), which has barely any range or power. Ace can also use the Hadouken in Street Fighter EX3 once the third set of usable arts is unlocked in Character Edit Mode.
Other special moves derived from the Hadouken include the Soul Fist of Morrigan in the Darkstalkers series. The Hadouken has been seen several times in the Capcom's Mega Man X platform game series. It was a hidden Easter egg ability in the first game (Mega Man X) and its remake (Mega Man Maverick Hunter X). In Mega Man X4, Magma Dragoon uses the move (the copy of Magma Dragoon also uses the move in Mega Man X5). It was also available to the player in the Mega Man Xtreme games. The Tails Clan, a group of secret bosses in Mega Man X: Command Mission, use a move called "Annihilator Hadouken". There are also Hadouken emotes in the massive multiplayer role-playing video game Monster Hunter: World. Among the official or licensed merchandise, Multiverse Studio made plush Hadouken balls in 2015, Naked & Famous Denim produced the "Ryu Hadoken Selvedge" jeans pants in 2017 and Everlast released cologne perfume named after the Hadouken in 2018.
Homages
In other video games
In Lunar: Eternal Blue, Jean has an attack named Haduken.
In All New World of Lemmings, the Shadow Tribe Lemmings can perform the move while shouting out "Hadouken!". As described in the manual: "this is a fighting device – a weapon from an ancient Lemming Martial Art, Lemdo. Since it is magically empowered, it will throw out a fireball when used."
Hadouken-inspired Dragon Ball is one of the attacks in all installments of the Worms series.
In Fallout 2, the boxers in New Reno's gym will sometimes shout "Hadouken!" while fighting.
In Call of Duty: Black Ops, Japanese character Takeo from the Zombies Mode yells "Hadouken!" at certain times in the game.
In Team Fortress 2, the Pyro class can perform the Hadouken as a taunt when equipped with a secondary weapon.
In Plants VS Zombies: Garden Warfare 2, the Super Brainz character uses an attack very similar to the Hadouken.
In other media
In the comic Looking for Group, Richard is seen performing Hadouken while trying to escape from the plane where he is trapped along with his familiar.
Black Mage of the webcomic 8-Bit Theater also uses the move, spelled Hadoken. There are several parody Hadouken moves in the comic, including "Fighterdoken" (where Fighter is thrown at a group of enemies in the style of a Fastball Special), "me-doken" (like the Fighterdoken, only without Black Mage to throw him), "Boatdoken" (using the Hadouken to propel the ship the party is on like a rocket booster) and "Hadouyastopthis" (Red Mage mimicking the move after being hit with it, despite not fully understanding his new powers).
Plastician's "Wake Up Call 2008 & 2009" mixes he uses the "Hadouken" sound sample repeatedly.
Argentinian DJ duo Heatbeat released a 2010 track "Hadoken".
In the Family Guy episode "Tiegs for Two", during the parody of Street Fighter II, where a fight is escalated between Peter and Mr. Washee Washee, Peter performs the Hadouken. Peter goes on to use the other two Ansatsuken techniques as well.
In the film Ready Player One, Parzival uses the Hadouken against Sorrento during their battle.
Referenced in Litany's "Call on Me".
Referenced in Mystery Science Theater 3000 version of Wizards of the Lost Kingdom.
In the DC Extended Universe film Shazam!, one of the Shazam Family members, Eugene Choi (played by Ross Butler) utilizes a Hadouken against one of the Seven Deadly Sins.
In the film The Green Hornet, Kato yells "Hadouken" during a fight with Britt Reid.
In a Bad Lip Reading parody of Donald Trump's inauguration, Hillary Clinton plans to use the move on Donald Trump.
In episode 47 of That Time I Got Reincarnated as a Slime as Veldora recreates actions he read in mangas
Other use
Canadian professional wrestler Kenny Omega uses the Hadouken as one of his signature moves.
Hadouken!, the grindie/dance-punk band from Leeds, West Yorkshire, take their name from the Street Fighter move.
Hadoken is a band from Amherst, Massachusetts, playing a blend of ambiance, melodic rock, jazz, and metal.
Hadoken is a beer brewed by a local brewer in Minneapolis–Saint Paul, Minnesota.
An open source GitHub project Hadouken.
"Hadouken" or "Hadoken-ing", was a 2013 social media meme popular in Japan and elsewhere.
MMA fighter Shane Campbell simulated a Hadouken attack during his victorious fight with Derek Boyle in 2015.
Manchester City Defender John Stones exclaimed "Hadouken!" upon watching a replay of his goal line clearance against Liverpool on January 3, 2019.
Reception
Eurogamer's Wesley Yin-Poole claimed that most players of a "certain generation" had "ingrained in [their] psyche". Both Yin-Poole and The Escapist author Earnest Cavalli compare moves from non-Street Fighter games to the Hadouken technique. GamesRadar included "Hadouken!" in their list of the 100 best video game quotes. The PlayStation 4 received a "viral teaser" which featured a fake taxi service called Hadouken Cabs. A card in Street Fighter-themed Monopoly game was based on the Hadouken.
Game Informers Kyle Hilliard included the Hadouken's cameo in Mega Man X in his list of his five favourite video game Easter eggs. He claimed that this was in part due to the fact that without Internet at the time, which prevented him from verifying whether it was true. GamesRadar featured it in his list of the 100 best video game Easter eggs.
As an Internet meme
A meme called "Hadouken-ing" became popular in Japan and later the United States, where one person poses as though he or she have fired a Hadouken, and another person poses as if he or she was struck by it. Several celebrities have taken pictures of themselves performing the Hadouken meme. Community and Mad Men star Alison Brie performed a number of different Internet memes, one of which was Hadouken-ing. The cast of The Good Wife also took a picture of the meme being performed. Television personality Carrie Keagan also posed for this meme. NY Daily News Jacob E. Osterhout called it the biggest meme since the Harlem Shake. Critics of the meme claim that the meme is in fact a depiction of the Kamehameha from Dragon Ball Z and was in fact a "marketing ploy" for Dragon Ball Z: Battle of Gods.
References
Fictional superhuman features or abilities
Japanese words and phrases
Street Fighter
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45436172
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20Roses%20%281921%20film%29
|
Black Roses (1921 film)
|
Black Roses is a 1921 American crime drama film directed by Colin Campbell. Sessue Hayakawa, Myrtle Stedman, Tsuru Aoki, Andrew Robson, and Toyo Fujita appeared in the film.
Plot
As described in a film magazine, when Benson Burleigh (Robson) is found murdered with his gardener Yoda (Hayakawa) beside him with a knife in his hand, the police conclude that Yoda is guilty. While in prison Yoda learns that 'Monocle' Harry (Herbert), Blanche De Vore (Stedman), and Wong Fu (Fujita) framed him of the crime. When the opportunity arrives, with the assistance of his fellow convicts he steals a locomotive while its crew is eating lunch and uses it to burst through the prison yard gates. He drives the locomotive at full speed until they outrun an automobile full of prison guards. With money provided by a fellow cellmate, he poses as a wealthy Japanese nobleman. He outwits the trio of criminals and frees his wife Blossom (Aoki), whom they had kidnapped, and turns them over to the police.
Cast
Sessue Hayakawa as Yoda
Myrtle Stedman as Blanche De Vore
Tsuru Aoki as Blossom
Andrew Robson as Benson Burleigh
Toyo Fujita as Wong Fu
Henry Herbert as 'Monocle' Harry
Harold Holland as Detective Cleary
Carrie Clark Ward as Bridget
References
External links
American crime drama films
American films
American silent feature films
American black-and-white films
1921 crime drama films
Film Booking Offices of America films
1921 drama films
1921 films
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27190821
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001%20Idea%20Prokom%20Open
|
2001 Idea Prokom Open
|
The 2001 Idea Prokom Open was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Sopot in Poland that was part of the International Series of the 2001 ATP Tour and of Tier III of the 2001 WTA Tour. The tournament ran from 23 July through 29 July 2001.
Finals
Men's singles
Tommy Robredo defeated Albert Portas 1–6, 7–5, 7–6 (7–2)
It was Robredo's only title of the year and the 1st of his career.
Women's singles
Cristina Torrens Valero defeated Gala León García 6–2, 6–2
It was Torrens Valero's only title of the year and the 4th of her career.
Men's doubles
Paul Hanley / Nathan Healey defeated Irakli Labadze / Attila Sávolt 7–6 (12–10), 6–2
It was Hanley's only title of the year and the 1st of his career. It was Healey's only title of the year and the 1st of his career.
Women's doubles
Joannette Kruger / Francesca Schiavone defeated Yulia Beygelzimer / Anastasia Rodionova 6–4, 6–0
It was Kruger's only title of the year and the 3rd of her career. It was Schiavone's only title of the year and the 1st of her career.
Idea Prokom Open
Idea Prokom Open
Orange Warsaw Open
Orange
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24195956
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micah%20Solusod
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Micah Solusod
|
Micah Solusod is an American voice actor at Funimation. His best-known role in anime has been the title character Soul Evans in Soul Eater, which was broadcast on Adult Swim's programming block Toonami. He debuted as Malek Yildrim Werner in Blassreiter, and later went on to play Toma Kamijo in A Certain Magical Index, Yuichiro Hyakuya in Seraph of the End, Yuno in Black Clover, and Yuri Plisetsky in Yuri on Ice.
Personal life
Outside of voice acting, Solusod is a freelance artist, where he posts on DeviantArt. He also works on original web comic series called Ties That Bind.
Solusod married voice actress Apphia Yu in 2016.
He is of Japanese and Filipino Descent.
Filmography
Anime
Animation
Films
Video games
References
External links
Micah Solusod convention appearances on AnimeCons.com
Living people
American male actors of Japanese descent
American male actors of Filipino descent
American male voice actors
American male video game actors
Male actors from Dallas
Male actors from Los Angeles
21st-century American male actors
American male television actors
American male film actors
Year of birth missing (living people)
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22507645
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dziani
|
Dziani
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Dziani is a village on the island of Anjouan in the Comoros. According to the 1991 census the town had a population of 1,091. The current estimate for 2009 is 1,920 people
References
Populated places in Anjouan
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8251073
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imran%20Majid
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Imran Majid
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Imran Majid (Urdu: امران مجید)(born 4 October 1972 in London) is an English professional pool player. Majid is of Pakistani descent as his parents are from Lahore, Punjab.
Majid, whose nickname is "The Maharaja", was winner of the 2007 Weert Open and the Italian Euro Tour event in 2006.
He made his Mosconi Cup debut in the 2006 edition in Rotterdam. He and the other rookie of the tournament, David Alcaide, upset the American top duo Earl Strickland and Johnny Archer 7-2 in their doubles confrontation.
Majid practiced much of his early days at Riley's Snooker Club, Hounslow.
Titles
2010 WPA World Team Championship
Euro Tour
2007 Netherlands Open
2006 Italy Open
External links
Industry profile of Imran Majid
Imran Majid interview from the official 2006 Mosconi Cup website
References
Pakistani pool players
1972 births
Living people
English people of Pakistani descent
English pool players
Sportspeople from London
British sportspeople of Pakistani descent
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43403063
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parapoynx%20bipunctalis
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Parapoynx bipunctalis
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Parapoynx bipunctalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1906. It is found in Sudan, Uganda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Nigeria, Niger, Benin, Ivory Coast, the Gambia and Senegal.
The wingspan is 13–19 mm. The forewings are white with dark fuscous spots beneath the subcostal vein. There is an oblique yellow postmedian fascia and a yellow subterminal fascia. The hindwings are white with a dark fuscous discal spot. Adults have been recorded on wing in February and from June to November.
References
Acentropinae
Moths described in 1906
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6129711
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phanes%20%28disambiguation%29
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Phanes (disambiguation)
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Phanes is a Greek deity. Phanes may also refer to:
Phanes coins, the most ancient inscribed coins, which have the name "Phanes" on them
Phanes (organic chemistry), a structural sub-unit in nomenclature
Phanes of Halicarnassus, a councilman serving Amasis, who would eventually help Cambyses II to conquer Egypt
Phanes (butterfly), a genus of butterflies
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7411055
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbess%20Grange
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Abbess Grange
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Abbess Grange is a neo-Elizabethan house at Leckford, Hampshire, England designed by Sir Banister Fletcher, a British architect, in 1901 for George Miles-Bailey, on the site of a former grange of St. Mary's Abbey, Winchester. The house consists of a two-storey main block with attic and a projecting single-storey billiards hall on the left, and is built on a levelled platform cut out of the hillside. The Dutch-gabled right-hand three bays of the main block project forward and have, in the centre, an Ionic porch with pairs of column supporting a heavy entablature. Over the porch is a seven-light mullioned and transom window, and to either side is a three-light Ipswich window. In 1984, the interior was said to be largely unaltered. The house is now a country club for the John Lewis Partnership, and forms part of their Leckford estate.
References
The Architect, 25 August 1905
Building News 18 October 1901, p. 519; 20 December 1901, p. 835
A History of the County of Hampshire: Volume 4.
Country houses in Hampshire
Grade II listed buildings in Hampshire
Grade II listed houses
Houses completed in 1900
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32595136
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takfir%20wal-Hijra
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Takfir wal-Hijra
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Takfir wal-Hijra (, translation: "Excommunication and Exodus", alternatively "excommunication and emigration" or "anathema and exile"), was the popular name given to a radical Islamist group Jama'at al-Muslimin founded by Shukri Mustafa which emerged in Egypt in the 1960s as an offshoot of the Muslim Brotherhood. Although the group was crushed by Egyptian security forces after it murdered an Islamic scholar and former government minister in 1977, it is said to have "left an enduring legacy" taken up by some Islamist radicals in "subsequent years and decades."
Name
The label "Takfir wal-Hijra" ("excommunication and exodus") was from the start a derogatory term used by the official Egyptian press media when talking about the cult group Jama'at al-Muslimin. The word takfir means to judge and label somebody (specifically one or more self-proclaimed Muslims, in this case contemporary Muslim society) to be a kafir (non-Muslim infidel). Hijra means flight or emigration or leaving, specifically the migration of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers from Mecca where they were being persecuted, to the city of Medina. Thus, "Takfir wal-Hijra" referred to Muslims who judge mainstream Muslim society to be infidel, and see it as their duty to separate from it until such a time as they can return in strength to conquer and Islamicize it, as Muhammad did with Mecca.
Most Egyptians hesitated to use the title the group used for itself, Jama'at al-Muslimin meaning "Society of Muslims", as it implied that the group was the society of Muslims, and those not members were not part of Muslim society and not true Muslims. In addition, since few Egyptian Muslims (and no one in the government) agreed with the belief of the group's founder Shukri Mustafa that Muslims in Egypt deserved to be "excommunicated" (takfir) as un-Islamic, and that true Muslims were compelled to be in "exodus" (hijra), the cult's idea of "Takfir wal-Hijra" made it unique to most Egyptians. Consequently, "Takfir wal-Hijra" was the name given to the group by its detractors. Not surprisingly, Shukri and his followers strongly objected to being called that, but "Takfir wal-Hijra", and not Jama'at al-Muslimin, became fixed in the popular consciousness.
Overview
Takfir wal-Hijra has been described as "a matrix of terrorist cells - allied to bin Laden but often more extreme than him," and as a group which inspired "some of the tactics and methods used by Al Qaeda and whose ideology is being embraced by a growing number of Salafist jihadists living in Europe." Described as a movement that began in Egypt in 1971, by the 1990s it has been described as a "decentralised network" of "cells", and as a "radical ideology" and "web of Islamic militants around the world connected only by their beliefs" (rather than "an organization per se"). The networks are said to be specializing in "logistical support to terrorist groups" operating across Europe that loosely follow a number of "core precepts", mainly that "man-made laws" are "illegitimate", that "theft, kidnapping, forced marriages and even the assassination of anyone who [is] not part of the group" are justified. Groups that have been described as Takfir wal-Hijra may have had little or no connection to each other.
The group has been said to form "the most extreme and violent strand in the Salafist jihadist movement." The takfir of the Takfiris refers to the belief (of at least some of the movement such as Ali Ismael, the sheikh of Egypt's Al-Azhar Mosque at the time) that not only were Egyptian President at the time Gamal Abdel Nasser and his government officials apostates, but so was "Egyptian society as a whole" because it was "not fighting the Egyptian government and had thus accepted rule by non-Muslims".
According to Mamoun Fandy, an Egyptian-born professor of politics and senior fellow at the Baker Institute of Public Policy, followers are allowed to shave their beards, drink alcohol, visit topless bars and commit crimes against Westerners — all under the cloak of subterfuge. "They are the mothers and fathers of sleeping cells." They believe that the ends justify any means and, that killing other Muslims can be justified in their cause and that Western society is heathen and it is their duty to destroy it.
History and activities
The Jama'at al-Muslimin group, was founded by Shukri Mustafa in 1971. Originally a member of the Muslim Brotherhood, Mustafa had been imprisoned with other members including Sayyid Qutb, and he eventually became one of Qutb's most radical disciples. Mustafa's group gained nationwide attention in Egypt when they kidnapped and eventually executed Islamic scholar and former government minister Husayn al-Dhahabi, a vocal critic of the group, in July 1977. In the crackdown that followed, 620 alleged members of the group were arrested and 465 tried before military courts. Shukri Mustafa was himself executed the next year, in March 1978. An apocalyptic group, according to authors Daniel Benjamin and Steven Simon, based on the "testimony of those who knew him" and Mustafa's statements during his trial, "it is clear Shuqri Mustafa thought he was the Mahdi". According to journalist Robin Wright, the group reorganized and within a year of Mustafa's death membership was estimated "to be as high as 4000."
Some former members of the group were later linked to the assassination of Anwar Sadat in 1981. According to Paul Wilkinson, Shukri Mustafa's execution "ushered in the emergence of two wings within Al Takfir: one under the leadership of Abbud al-Zammut (considered one of the original founders) and one under the leadership of Ayman Al-Zawahiri", later second in command of al-Qaeda. Takfir wal-Hijra grew substantially through the 1990s as "Afghan Arabs" returned from Afghanistan to their homes in the Middle East and North Africa and spread their doctrines, establishing a "decentralised network of believers" that has been active "throughout Algeria, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Pakistan and Sudan." During the Algerian Civil War in the 1990s, the al-Muwahhidun group, which has otherwise been referred to as Takfir wal-Hijra, was central in the formation and the ideology of the Armed Islamic Group of Algeria (GIA) which went on to declare Algerian society "takfir", commencing a campaign of massacring civilians.
Hayder Mili of Jamestown Foundation states that Takfir wal-Hijra has been responsible for "at least five attacks" on worshippers at mosques in Sudan from 1994 to 2006, resulting "in scores of fatalities and hundreds of injuries". Some news reports in which the name Takfir wal-Hijra have been mentioned include the killing of 16 Muslim worshipers in Sudan in 1994, and the killing of 22 people and wounding of 31 others who were praying at a Sudanese mosque six years later. In 1995, the Sudanese branch of the group planned to assassinate al-Qaeda-leader Osama bin Laden while he was residing in Sudan because his views were considered to be too liberal.
On 31 December 1999, in the Dinnieh district of Northern Lebanon "hundreds of Takfiris" led by Lebanese-American Bassam Kanj organised attacks killing civilians and clashing with the Lebanese Army, the biggest clashes since the civil war. The fighting lasted for a week before it was subdued. In 2005, Takfir wal‐Hijra took credit for the killings of Christian civilians in the same area in Lebanon. Lebanese-Canadian Kassem Daher who was arrested by Lebanese authorities in 2000 was accused of being a member of Takfir wal-Hijra.
Takfiris may have been involved in the murder of U.S. diplomat Laurence Foley in Jordan in 2002. The assassin of Dutch filmmaker Theo Van Gogh in 2004, Mohammed Bouyeri, left a note on Van Gogh's body containing references to Takfir wal-Hijra's ideology. Alleged members of Takfir wal-Hijra were arrested in Ukraine in 2009. In November 2013, Russian security forces detained 14 radical Islamists suspected of adhering to Takfir wal-Hijra.
The group has been involved in the Sinai insurgency since its beginnings in 2011. On 7 February 2011, RPG-wielding militants identified as members of Takfir wal-Hijra carried out an attack in Rafah, Egypt, leading to a two-hour battle with Egyptian security forces and local tribesmen in which two people were reported injured. In 2013, Egyptian police said they had arrested the leader of Takfir wal-Hijra as well as "dozens" other militants.
See also
Terrorism in Egypt
References
Apocalyptic groups
Armed Islamic Group of Algeria
Factions of the Algerian Civil War
History of the Muslim Brotherhood
Islam-related controversies
Islamic terrorism in Lebanon
Jihadist groups in Algeria
Jihadist groups in Egypt
Organisations of the Egyptian Crisis (2011–2014)
Organizations designated as terrorist in Asia
Sinai insurgency
Terrorism in Sudan
Mahdism
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2540910
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Excellent%20Dizzy%20Collection
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The Excellent Dizzy Collection
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The Excellent Dizzy Collection is a video game compilation published by Codemasters in November 1993. The title includes three stand alone games, based on the video game character Dizzy created by the Oliver Twins. The compilation contains, Dizzy the Adventurer, Panic Dizzy and the previously unreleased Go! Dizzy Go!. Ports were slated for release in January 1994 - for Master System and Mega Drive, however, in the end, only the Game Gear version saw the light of day.
Games
Dizzy the Adventurer
Dizzy the Adventurer is an enhanced version of the previously released Dizzy Prince of the Yolkfolk that was bundled with the Aladdin Deck Enhancer for the Oliver twin's publisher (Codemasters/Camerica) ill-fated NES peripheral. The title had not previously been released on the Sega platforms so was originally going to be released as a stand-alone game but publisher Codemasters was uncomfortable releasing it at full price.
Panic Dizzy
The game was originally released as a stand-alone product, Dizzy Panic!, for the Amstrad CPC, ZX Spectrum and Commodore 64, but was later included as a last-minute replacement for Wonderland Dizzy. Codemasters felt that two adventure games should not be included on the one compilation, so the Oliver Twins decided to leave Dizzy the Adventurer and replace Wonderland Dizzy (which was eventually released in October 2015) with Panic Dizzy to complement the other two game styles.
Go! Dizzy Go!
Go! Dizzy Go! was originally to be released on the NES for the Aladdin; due to its unexpected failure, the title was then planned for release as a stand-alone title for the Sega Master System and Sega Game Gear. The publisher, Codemasters, was uncomfortable releasing it separately at full price, so included it as part of The Excellent Dizzy Collection. The game is an action-puzzle game where the player must navigate the Dizzy through a series of mazes similar to the Adventures of Lolo games.
Quattro Arcade, released for the NES in 1992, includes Go! Dizzy Go!.
Development
After the failure of the Aladdin Deck Enhancer, Camerica was forced to close down, and Codemasters was in financial trouble. As a result, many staff left the Oliver twins' software company, Interactive Studios, who were unable to find replacements. Dizzy The Adventurer was freely bundled with the Aladdin, and three other titles were being developed for it; Dreamworld Pogie, Go! Dizzy Go! and Wonderland Dizzy. After the Aladdin was abandoned, the Oliver twins decided to release all four (when completed) on the Sega Master System and Sega Game Gear to bring in some extra revenue, but Codemasters wasn't comfortable releasing each as a full priced stand alone title, so forced them to combine the games into a compilation, although only three would fit. They abandoned the non-Dizzy oriented game, Dreamworld Pogie, and intended to release the action game Go! Dizzy Go! and the two adventure games Wonderland Dizzy and Dizzy The Adventurer. Codemasters marketing team informed the Olivers that they couldn't release two adventure games on the one compilation. They decided that the previously released Dizzy The Adventurer was the stronger title and didn't require any further development and, as a replacement for Wonderland Dizzy, the twins included the previously released Panic Dizzy.
After The Excellent Dizzy Collection was released, the Oliver twins left Codemasters for another publisher and with the intellectual property split between Codemasters and the Oliver twins no more Dizzy games were ever produced, although both companies have since said they would like to revisit the series. Wonderland Dizzy was eventually released in 2015. Dreamworld Pogie remained unreleased until 2011 when an alpha build was somehow leaked online. An official release of the game finally occurred in 2017, following a successful Kickstarter campaign from the original creators.
References
External links
The Oliver twins' website
1993 video games
Cancelled Master System games
Cancelled Sega Genesis games
Codemasters games
Dizzy (series)
Game Gear games
Video game compilations
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
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4524551
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Nereus%20%28AC-10%29
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USS Nereus (AC-10)
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USS Nereus (AC-10) was one of four Proteus-class colliers built for the United States Navy before World War I. Named for Nereus, an aquatic deity from Greek mythology, she was the second U.S. Naval vessel to bear the name. Nereus was laid down on 4 December 1911, and launched on 26 April 1913 by the Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company, Newport News, Virginia, and commissioned on 10 September 1913.
Service history
Detached from Naval Overseas Transportation Service on 12 September 1919, Nereus served with the Atlantic Fleet until decommissioned at Norfolk on 30 June 1922. She was laid up there until struck from the Navy List on 5 December 1940. Sold to the Aluminium Company of Canada on 27 February 1941, Nereus operated out of Montreal carrying bauxite from the Caribbean to aluminum plants in the United States and Canada. Her master (commanding officer) was John Thomas Bennett of the Canadian Merchant Navy.
Loss
Nereus was lost at sea sometime after 10 December 1941 while steaming from St. Thomas in the Virgin Islands (along the same route where her sister ship had disappeared) with ore destined to make aluminum for Allied aircraft. Nereus was presumed sunk after being torpedoed by a German U-boat. However, there are no German U-boat claims for this vessel. Both Nereus and Cyclops could have been lost to U-boats which were later lost themselves to Allied action or storms at sea.
The wreckage has never been located nor the actual cause of her disappearance determined. A memorial listing for her crew can be found on the CWGC Halifax memorial.
References
Ships built in Newport News, Virginia
Colliers of the United States Navy
World War I auxiliary ships of the United States
World War II shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean
Missing ships
1913 ships
Proteus-class colliers
Maritime incidents in December 1941
Ships lost with all hands
World War II merchant ships of Canada
Fleet of the Canadian Merchant Navy
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47073561
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God%2C%20Money%2C%20War
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God, Money, War
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God, Money, War is the debut and only studio album of American rapper King Los. It was released on June 23, 2015, by After Platinum Records, 88 Classic, and RCA Records. The album was digital release-only and includes guest appearances from Isaiah Rashad, Marsha Ambrosius, R. Kelly, Ty Dolla $ign, Chrishan, among others.
Commercial performance
God, Money, War debuted at number 68 on the Billboard 200 for the chart dated July 11, 2015 with 8,300 equivalent album units; it sold 7,400 copies in its first week, with the remainder of the units reflecting the album's streaming activity and track sales.
Reception
God Money War received generally positive reviews from music critics. Josh Brown of Can'tstophiphop.com gave the album a 7.5/10 rating saying "King Los proves his prolific skill set translates well to a studio album release. God, Money, War is a polished project featuring heady lyricism that transcends the clever wordplay and superficial punchlines he is known for. While this record may not justify an entire decade of waiting for a King Los studio album, it certainly proves the rapper is deserving of more recognition and acclaim." Liu reviews said "God, Money, War is truly a masterpiece of an album and one of the best albums of the year, if not one of the best of the decade. King Los is a truly talented and honest MC that lays everything on the table; from his lyrical ability to switch rhyme schemes to his intellectual and clever wordplay to his talent for emotional storytelling, his positive and real messaging is one that everyone needs to truly listen to." Rachel Leah of HipHopDX gave the album a 3.5/5 saying "God, Money, War" is a confident step forward for King Los, as he shows he can combine his lyrical prowess with solid song-making".
Track listing
Notes
signifies a co-producer.
References
2015 debut albums
RCA Records albums
Albums produced by DJ Mustard
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12625786
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Prayer%20Under%20Pressure%20of%20Violent%20Anguish
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A Prayer Under Pressure of Violent Anguish
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A Prayer Under Pressure of Violent Anguish is the second full-length album released by the metal band My Ruin.
Track listing
"Morning Prayer" - 0:33
"Beauty Fiend" - 3:41
"Stick It to Me" - 3:02
"Heartsick" - 3:01
"Rockstar" - 3:37
"Sanctuary" - 3:19
"Miss Ann Thrope" (feat. Jessicka of Jack Off Jill) - 3:22
"Hemorrhage" - 4:15
"Letter to the Editor" - 3:22
"Let It Rain" - 3:30
"Post Noise Revelation" - 3:46
"Do You Love Me" (Nick Cave and The Bad Seeds cover) - 4:19
"Evening Prayer" - 4:01
"My War" (Black Flag cover) - 2:02
Personnel
Tairrie B – vocals, producer
Mick Murphy – guitars, producer
Meghan Mattex – bass guitar
Chris Hamilton – drums
Jessicka – guest vocals on "Miss Ann Thrope"
Nick Raskulinecz – producer, sound engineer, mixer
References
My Ruin albums
2000 albums
Snapper Music albums
Spitfire Records albums
Albums produced by Nick Raskulinecz
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38526406
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects%20of%20Hurricane%20Isaac%20in%20Louisiana
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Effects of Hurricane Isaac in Louisiana
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The effects of Hurricane Isaac in Louisiana were more severe than anywhere in the storm's path, and included $611.8615 million in damages and five total deaths. Forming from a tropical wave in the central Atlantic, Isaac traversed across many of the Lesser and Greater Antilles, before reaching peak intensity with winds of 80 mph (130 km/h) on August 28, 2012 while in the Gulf of Mexico. Nearing the coast of Louisiana, the Category 1 hurricane slowly moved towards the west, making two landfalls in the state with little change of intensity prior to moving inland for a final time. The hurricane weakened and later dissipated on September 1 while over Missouri. Before landfall, Governor Bobby Jindal declared a state of emergency to the state, as well as ordering the mandatory evacuation of 60,000 residents in low-lying areas of Louisiana along the Tangipahoa River in Tangipahoa Parish.
Isaac's large wind field contributed to a strong storm surge peaking at at a buoy offshore of Shell Beach. The strong waves inundated large areas of the state's coastal regions, particularly in Plaquemines Parish. The hurricane also brought heavy rainfall, leading to severe inland flooding. Rainfall amounts peaked statewide at in Hammond. Including adjacent states, the storm surge and inland flooding alone caused $407 million in insured losses. Isaac's strong winds caused infrastructural and crop damage, in addition to storm surge and heavy rains. A WeatherBug weather station in Poydras reported a 97 mph (156 km/h) wind gust, the fastest measured in association with the storm. The strong winds also caused a widespread power outage, with 901,000 electricity customers losing power. In the aftermath of the hurricane, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) granted $204.8 million in public assistance funds and $129.3 million in individual assistance funding.
Background
Hurricane Isaac originated from a tropical wave that moved off the western coast of Africa on August 17. Moving generally westward, the low-pressure area initially did not have a well-defined center until three days later. As a result, convection associated with the system organized and intensified, and the tropical wave quickly strengthened into a tropical depression. In favorable conditions, the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Isaac by the National Hurricane Center (NHC) on August 21. Quickly accelerating westward due to a subtropical ridge, Isaac later moved past the Lesser Antilles between Guadeloupe and Dominica by August 23, where it caused numerous mudslides and power outages. Maintaining tropical storm intensity, Isaac later made its first landfall on the southern coast of Haiti early on August 25 as a result of curving around the ridge of high-pressure. There the storm directly killed 24 people, worsening conditions still remaining after the 2010 Haiti earthquake.
Isaac later began to curve westwards due to wind patterns which brought it between two opposingly rotating cyclonic systems. After briefly moving into the Gulf of Gonâve, the tropical storm made a second landfall near Cajobabo, Guantánamo in Cuba at 1500 UTC later on August 25, where damages were comparatively less severe than in Haiti. The storm paralleled the northern coast of the island prior to making a close pass of Key West, Florida, where it caused minor flood damage across the Florida Keys and South Florida upon entry into the Gulf of Mexico. The threat of tropical cyclone impacts in Tampa, Florida forced the postponing of the 2012 Republican National Convention. In the gulf, the tropical storm curved to the northwest and attained hurricane strength on August 27 near the southern Louisiana coast. Another ridge of high pressure caused Isaac to move towards the west and slow down as it made two landfalls on the state. Once it moved inland, the hurricane weakened before dissipating over Missouri on September 1.
Preparations
The National Hurricane Center first began to issue tropical cyclone warnings and watches for areas of Louisiana at 0900 UTC on August 26, when a hurricane watch was issued for coastal areas of the state from the Mississippi River Delta eastward. The watch zone was later extended westward to Morgan City at 1500 UTC later that day. A second, unconnected hurricane watch was issued for coastal areas of New Orleans and Lake Pontchartrain at the same time. As Isaac moved closer to the coast, both watches were upgraded to hurricane warnings at 2100 UTC. Another hurricane warning was issued for Lake Maurepas at the same time. A tropical storm warning and hurricane watch was issued for coastal areas of Louisiana from Intracoastal City to Morgan City at 0900 UTC on August 27, with the watch later being upgraded to a warning. All tropical cyclone-related warnings remained in effect for the entire state coast for the duration of Isaac's passage. After the hurricane degenerated to a tropical storm at 1900 UTC on August 29, all hurricane warnings were discontinued. As Isaac moved further inland, active tropical storm warnings progressively began to cover a smaller region of the Louisiana coast before all tropical cyclone warnings were discontinued at 2100 UTC on August 30.
Upon the issuing of hurricane watches warnings, Louisiana Governor Bobby Jindal declared a state of emergency for the entirety Louisiana, recommending evacuation of areas unprotected by levees or areas south of the Intracoastal Waterway. Mayor of New Orleans Mitch Landrieu took the same course of action for his city. However, he stated that the Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport, convention center, and Mercedes-Benz Superdome would not be emergency shelters. Residents of Plaquemines Parish's eastern bank were ordered a mandatory evacuation on August 26, while a voluntary evacuation was ordered for southern areas of the parish from Ironton to Venice. In other regions of the parish, levees were lined with visqueen to protect exposed dirt, with sandbags being added to levees in other locations including Pointe à la Hache. Evacuation orders were also placed for visitors and tourists in Grand Isle on the same day, with residents ordered to evacuate on August 27. In St. Charles Parish and Terrebonne Parish, 73,000 residents were ordered to evacuate. FEMA began to deliver meals and tarpaulins to the state on August 28.
Impact
Moving slowly towards the Louisiana coast in late-August, Isaac made its first landfall on the Mississippi River's Southwest Pass at 0000 UTC on August 29 with maximum sustained winds of 80 mph (130 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 967 mbar (hPa; 28.56 inHg). Shortly after the hurricane moved back over the Gulf of Mexico, prior to making a second landfall near Port Fourchon with little change in intensity. Afterwards, Isaac weakened over land, moving to the northwest across the state before exiting Louisiana at the state border with Arkansas.
Storm surge
At the coast, the system's large size generated a strong storm surge that caused extensive damage to low-lying areas of the state. A National Ocean Service (NOS) tide gauge located on the southern end of Lake Borgne near Shell Beach registered a storm surge height of , the highest in association with the storm. The strong storm surge inundated areas of lower Louisiana. Areas of Plaquemines Parish were estimated to have been submerged under as much as of water, based on pressure sensors from the United States Geological Survey. In eastern areas of the parish, water had accumulated from Breton Sound against a levee. The rising water levels later overtopped the levee height, causing it to overflow and inundate primarily uninhabited areas between Braithwaite and Belair. The strong storm surge, in combination with strong winds forced the Mississippi River to flow upstream for nearly a day, rising as much as in Belle Chasse and in New Orleans. In nearby LaPlace, 5,000 homes were flooded by the surge. In contrast to the river's average flow rate downstream of per second, during the hurricane the river flowed upstream at a rate of per second. Isaac's storm surged flowed upstream along the Mississippi River as far north as Red River Landing, located from the river's mouth. In Louisiana, storm surge and storm tide-related impacts caused $493.5 million in damages and three deaths.
Rainfall
Hurricane Isaac dropped heavy rainfall across the state, particularly in eastern areas of Louisiana, which caused flash flooding and river flooding. Rainfall peaked at in Hammond. Near Caesar, the East Hobolochitto Creek rose to a record crest above its flood stage due to the heavy rain. Runoff caused by heavy rainfall at the Tangipahoa River caused it to rise above its flood stage. In La Salle Parish, the heavy rains forced several road closures. Street flooding also occurred in New Orleans. A strong rainband remained stationary over Rapides Parish, flooding several structures and causing $10,000 in damages.
Aftermath
Although only a category 1 hurricane, Isaac still caused an estimated $3.11 billion worth of damage along with a death toll of five people in the United States.
A category 1 hurricane, like Isaac, has sustained winds of at least 74 mph and no more than 95 mph. However, with increasing development in coastal areas, the more deadly effect from hurricanes has been storm surge. Storm surge is the rise in water level caused by the winds forcing the water forward. In many parts of the Gulf Coast, it does not take very strong winds to create a potentially dangerous storm surge. Isaac made landfall near the mouth of the Mississippi River with sustained winds of 70kt (81 mph). This was enough to cause flooding in large areas of south Louisiana especially in St. Bernard, Orleans, Plaquemines, and St. Tammany Parishes where water height was as much as 10 to 12 feet above sea level.
Besides for effects on populated areas, Isaac also had a dramatic effect on the wetlands and barrier islands of southern Louisiana which provide large amounts of biodiversity and offer numerous advantages to humans. The United States Geological Survey conducted multiple aerial surveys of landmasses specifically vulnerable to hurricanes. These surveys were done before and after Hurricane Isaac in order to provide a comparison. Photos of the Chandeleur Islands, a series of barrier islands off of the eastern coast of southern Louisiana, show significant erosion caused by wind and storm surge. Additionally, almost all of the pre-storm vegetation was lost.
Wetlands
Today, a common problem associated with wetlands and barrier islands is that once they have been eroded and reclaimed by the Gulf of Mexico, they are likely to permanently remain open water. Wetlands and barrier islands originally formed from sediment deposition from the southern Mississippi River system beginning approximately 5,000 years ago. The river would carry sediment down its path, and seasonal flooding of the river would allow sediment to be deposited in adjacent areas. Additionally, forming distributaries would let the Mississippi River branch off, reaching new areas, and thus form large amounts of wetlands. However, humans have modified the natural paths of rivers. This process, known as channelization, has serious consequences for wetland ecosystems which include drainage of wetlands, degradation of natural habitats, and elimination of natural flow patterns. With levees, canals, and set channels for water to flow through, the river no longer floods and reroutes naturally and seasonally. The river is not able to deposit sediment in diverse areas to help create wetlands. Instead, the river flows through its artificially determined path and deposits the valuable sediment off the edge of the continental shelf. This lack of natural wetland restoration combined with the continued erosion from hurricanes causes a rapid loss in wetland area. Before human channelization of waterways, the river's natural process of sediment deposition was enough to sustain the wetland habitat, but currently wetland area is on a downward trend. Since 1932, the Mississippi River Delta Basin has lost 70 percent of its land area. At this rate, it is predicted that less than 5 percent of the original land area from 1932 will exist in 2064. Additionally, levees and waterway barriers can trap storm surge and prevent proper draining. This oftentimes will cause long periods of severe flooding that has its own consequences for wetlands. For example, after Hurricane Rita in 2005, the enclosed marshes of Chenier plain were flooded for over nine months following the storm.
Recent levee systems
The Hurricane and Storm Damage Risk Reduction System(HSDRRS) was implemented by the Army Corps of Engineers after the devastation from Hurricane Katrina in 2005. The HSDRRS is a project aimed at completely re-engineering the levee system in New Orleans and surrounding areas in order to withstand effects from a "100 year storm," or a storm that has a one percent chance of occurring each year. The project includes construction of multiple floodgates around the city, redesigning pumping stations to pump water out of the city, and raising levees while constructing seawalls on top of them. The system's first real test came with the impact of Hurricane Isaac in late August 2012. Although Isaac was only a category 1 storm, the speed of Isaac's movement was considerably slower than most hurricanes, allowing more time for storm surge and damage to compile. Isaac produced tropical storm force winds for up to 45 hours while the effects of storms like Katrina and Rita only lasted for 21 and 16 hours, respectively. This suggests that even though Isaac was of lower intensity, the severity may have rivaled Katrina and Rita in certain locations. An analysis conducted by the US Army Corps of Engineers stated that the post-Katrina HSDRRS prevented potential flooding in areas within the strengthened levee, but potentially caused up to one foot of additional flooding in areas immediately outside of the HSDDRS.
See also
2012 Atlantic hurricane season
List of Louisiana hurricanes (2000–present)
History of New Orleans
References
Notes
External links
Hurricane Isaac: Assessing Preparedness, Response, and Recovery Efforts: Hearing before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Second Session: Special Hearing, September 25, 2012, Gretna, LA
Louisiana
2012 in Louisiana
Isaac (2012)
Issac in Louisiana
Isaac Louisiana
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52549406
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanna%2C%20Missouri
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Hanna, Missouri
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Hanna is a former community in southwestern Pulaski County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.
The location is on the west bank of Roubidoux Creek at the terminus of Missouri Route NN. The location is approximately three miles southeast of Laquey and Missouri Route 17 and 1.5 miles west of the west boundary of Fort Leonard Wood.
A post office called Hanna was established in 1901, and remained in operation until 1943. The community has the name of Mark Hanna, a United States Senator from Ohio.
References
Ghost towns in Missouri
Former populated places in Pulaski County, Missouri
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40838701
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Parkinson%20%28neurosurgeon%29
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Richard Parkinson (neurosurgeon)
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Richard Parkinson is an Australian neurosurgeon. Dr Parkinson is a leading Sydney neurosurgeon who has treated several high profile sportspeople including NRL players, and champion horserider Darren Beadman.
Dr Parkinson has led an Australia study into concussions in the NRL and has completed a two-year research paper finding an increasing trend of concussion in the NRL.
Special interest areas
Spine and brain injuries in athletes and sportspeople
Minimally invasive and complex spinal surgery
Physical rehabilitation from sports injuries, particularly in NRL and RU players
Neurosurgical care of remote and Indigenous people
Training and lecturing
Dr Parkinson is the Supervisor for Advanced Training for Neurosurgery for the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons 2005-2010 at St Vincent’s. Dr Parkinson has many peer-reviewed research papers, and he is a Conjoint Senior Lecturer at the University of Notre Dame, Sydney.
Notable patients
Darren Beadman (jockey)
Ben Ross (Rugby League player)
Peter Morrissey (designer)
Reece Williams (Rugby League player)
Grant Denyer (TV personality)
Fellowships and affiliations
ACGME Accredited Fellowships (United States) in Minimally Invasive Spinal and Spinal Deformity Surgery, and Neurointervention (Image Guided Neurosurgery)
Fellow of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons (Neurosurgery)
Has registration both in Australia and in Illinois, USA
Has passed the US exams (ECFMG)
Has an Honours degree (in Spinal pathology and degeneration) (First class)
Memberships
Australasian Board of Neurosurgery
Spinal Society of Australasia
Neurosurgical Society of Australasia
American Association of Neurological Surgeons
Royal Australasian College of Surgeons
St Vincents Clinic
Prince of Wales Hospitals
South Eastern Sydney Area Health Service
Northwestern Neurosurgery
Northwestern University McGaw Medical Center
Website
http://ispine.com.au
References
1 - http://www.clinic.stvincents.com.au/clinical-directory/specialists/profile/109/Dr_Richard_J_Parkinson
External links
http://sixtyminutes.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=8553849
http://www.smh.com.au/sport/surgeon-warns-of-brain-injuries-in-bodycheck-tackles-20091124-jh0h.html
http://www.smh.com.au/rugby-league/league-news/nrl-examines-threat-of-brain-damage-to-players-20100916-15ei7.html
http://www.smh.com.au/rugby-league/league-news/smart-mouths-are-the-new-messageboard-20120601-1zn4e.html
http://princeofwalesneurosurgery.com/#/prince-of-wales/4570395944
http://www.foxsports.com.au/league/ross-a-whisker-away-from-wheelchair/story-e6frf3ou-1225699484691#.Ugx7jBbrZUQ
http://www.abc.net.au/news/2009-06-29/designer-morrissey-recovering-from-brain-surgery/1336206
http://au.news.yahoo.com/today-tonight/latest/article/-/5027402/grant-s-close-call/
Australia’s next top model - The Girl That Had Back Pains
1 February 2006
http://www.internationalhistoriansassociation.com/~internat/ihawiki/index.php?title=Australia's_Next_Top_Model,_Cycle_2
Australian neuroscientists
Australian neurosurgeons
Living people
20th-century Australian medical doctors
Year of birth missing (living people)
20th-century surgeons
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Mercury
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Alexander Mercury
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Alexander Mercury (born 5 September 1983) is a bilingual British actor and film director of Russian origin.
Early life
Alexander attended primary school in Krasnoyarsk (Siberia), secondary school (a French lycée) - in Moscow and received higher education in London. He trained as an actor at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art (2003–2006) together with Luke Treadaway, Harry Treadaway, Emily Beecham and Harry Haddon-Paton.
Career
Upon graduation, Alexander was cast as a Tartar Officer in a family fantasy film The Golden Compass (2007). In Frankenstein's Army (2013) he portrayed Dimitri. Most recent projects are the TV-series Londongrad (2015) for the Russian entertainment channel STS in which he plays Marcus Stapleton, a British diplomat, and Okkupert (2015), a Norwegian political thriller TV-series based on an idea by Jo Nesbø, which was filmed on location in Norway.
In 2014, together with a London-based writer Juja Dobrachkous, Alexander adapted an original story called 'Mama" into a short film script 'Mama – Saint Sebastian'. The film was shot on location over 10 days in St. Petersburg and Moscow in early 2015. Post-production was completed in March 2016. The picture was awarded Best Script Prize at St. Anne's Film Festival, Master of Emotions (Golden Anteater) at Lublin Film Festival, Special Jury Prize at VKRATZE Film Festival and screened at over 25 film festivals around the world including the prestigious London Short Film Festival.
Selected filmography
The Golden Compass (2007) - Tartar Officer
Material Drive (2012) - Gustav
Frankenstein's Army (2013) - Dimitri / Wall Zombot #4 - Legs
Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit (2014) - Waiter
Sex, Coffee and Cigarettes (2014) - Photographer
Londongrad (2015, TV Series) - Marcus Stapleton
Wonder Woman (2017) - German Lieutenant
The Hitman's Bodyguard (2017) - Hacker Merc
''McMafia (2018) (TV Series) - Russian Functionary
References
External links
Personal website
Alexander Mercury on KinoPoisk
Showreel on Vimeo
Interview with WestLondonLiving, 2017
1983 births
Living people
People from Krasnoyarsk
Russian male film actors
Russian male television actors
Russian expatriates in the United Kingdom
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar%20Township
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Edgar Township
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Edgar Township may refer to one of the following townships in the United States:
Edgar Township, Edgar County, Illinois
Edgar Township, Clay County, Nebraska
Township name disambiguation pages
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August%20W.%20Eichler
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August W. Eichler
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August Wilhelm Eichler, also known under his Latinized name, Augustus Guilielmus Eichler (22 April 1839 – 2 March 1887), was a German botanist who developed a new system of classification of plants to reflect the concept of evolution.
His author abbreviation in botany is Eichler.
Biography
Born in Neukirchen, Hesse, Eichler studied at the University of Marburg, Germany, and in 1871 became Professor of Botany at Technische Hochschule (Technical University) of Graz and director of the botanical garden in that city. In 1872 he received an appointment at the University of Kiel, where he remained until 1878 when he became director of the herbarium at the University of Berlin. He died in Berlin on March 2, 1887, of leukaemia.
Eichler made important contributions to the study of the comparative structure of flowers (mainly on floral symmetry in his work Blütendiagramme). He wrote extensively on the Coniferae, Cycadaceae and other plant groups of Brazil.
Eichler System
The Eichler System divided the plant kingdom into non-floral plants (Cryptogamae) and floral plants (Phanerogamae). It was the first to accept the concept of evolution and therefore also the first to be considered phylogenetic. Moreover, Eichler was the first taxonomist to separate the Phanerogamae into Angiosperms and Gymnosperms and the former into Monocotyledonae and Dicotyledonae.
The Eichler system was the foundation for Adolf Engler's System and was widely accepted in Europe and other parts of the world.
Works
Volume I: 1875
Volume II: 1878
Syllabus der Vorlesungen über Phanerogamenkunde Lipsius und Tischer, Kiel 1876.
Subsequent editions published as Syllabus der Vorlesungen über specielle und medicinisch-pharmaceutische Botanik, 2nd ed. 1880, 3rd ed. 1883, 4th ed. 1886, 5th 1890
Flora Brasiliensis (Flora of Brazil) editor after death of Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius in 1868 until 1887, succeeded by Ignatz Urban (Available online at Botanicus.org Website)
Beiträge zur Morphologie und Systematik der Marantaceen (1884)
Zur Entwickelungsgeschichte der Palmenblätter (1885)
Caroli Frid. Phil. Martii Flora Brasiliensis, sive
Flora Brasiliensis, enumeratio plantarum in Brasilia hactenus detectarum :quas suis aliorumque botanicorum studiis descriptas et methodo naturali digestas partim icone illustratas /ediderunt Carolus Fridericus Philippus de Martius et Augustus Guilielmus Eichler ; iisque defunctis successor Ignatius Urban ; with Martius, Karl Friedrich Philipp von, 1794-1868, Endlicher, István László, 1804-1849, Fenzl, Eduard, 1808-1879, Mary, Benj, Oldenburg, R.Urban and Ignaz, 1848-
See also
List of plants of Caatinga vegetation of Brazil
List of plants of Cerrado vegetation of Brazil
Notes
Author Details: Eichler, August Wilhelm (1839-1887). International Plant Names Index.
Bibliography
August Wilhelm Eichler. Encyclopædia Britannica
August Wilhelm Eichler. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Vol. 23, No. 2 (May, 1887 - May, 1888), pp. 355-356 Obituary
History of Taxonomy: 1875-1926
Annals of Botany 1887 Biography and list of publications
External links
Flora Brasiliensis On-Line. In Portuguese and English (launch date 22 March 2006).
View digitized titles by August Wilhelm Eichler in Botanicus.org
1839 births
1887 deaths
19th-century German botanists
Botanists with author abbreviations
People from Schwalm-Eder-Kreis
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delmedigo
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Delmedigo
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Delmedigo was a Cretan Jewish family that included several notables:
Elijah Delmedigo (1458–1493), philosopher and Talmudist
Joseph Solomon Delmedigo (1591–1655), scientist and philosopher
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18203264
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seth%20Material
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Seth Material
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The Seth Material is a collection of writing dictated by Jane Roberts to her husband from late 1963 until her death in 1984. Roberts claimed the words were spoken by a discarnate entity named Seth. The material is regarded as one of the cornerstones of New Age philosophy, and the most influential channelled text of the post-World War II "New Age" movement, after the Edgar Cayce books and A Course in Miracles. Jon Klimo writes that the Seth books were instrumental in bringing the idea of channeling to a broad public audience.
Catherine L. Albanese said in the 1970s that the Seth Material launched an era of nationwide awareness of the channeling trend and contributed to the self-identity of an emergent New Age movement. Study groups formed in the United States to work with the Seth Material, and now are found around the world, as well as numerous websites and online groups in several languages, as various titles have been translated into Chinese, Spanish, German, French, Dutch and Arabic.
John P. Newport, in his study of the influence of New Age beliefs, described the central focus of the Seth Material as the idea that each individual creates his or her own reality, a foundational concept of the New Age movement first articulated in the Seth Material.
History
In late 1963, Jane Roberts and her husband, Robert Butts, experimented with a ouija board as part of Roberts's research for a book on extra-sensory perception. Roberts and Butts claimed that they began to receive coherent messages from a male personality on December 2, 1963, who later identified himself as Seth. Soon after, Roberts reported that she was hearing the messages in her head. She began to dictate the messages instead of using the Ouija board, and the board was eventually abandoned. For 21 years until Roberts's death in 1984 (with a one-year hiatus due to her final illness), Roberts held regular sessions in which she went into a trance and purportedly spoke on behalf of Seth.
According to Roberts, Seth described himself as an "energy personality essence no longer focused in physical matter" who was independent of Roberts's subconscious, although Roberts expressed skepticism as to Seth's origins, frequently referring to Seth's statements as "theories".<ref>Chapter 10, The Seth Material, by Jane Roberts (1970).</ref> Roberts claimed that Seth indicated he had completed his earthly reincarnations and was speaking from an adjacent plane of existence. The Seth personality described himself as a "teacher", and said:
"this material has been given by himself and others in other times and places, but that it is given again, in new ways, for each succeeding generation through the centuries."
Unlike the psychic Edgar Cayce, whose syntax when speaking in trance was antiquated and convoluted, Roberts's syntax and sentence structures were modern and clear when speaking as Seth. Roberts often sat in a rocking chair during sessions, and she would occasionally smoke cigarettes and sip beer or wine. Afterwards, she claimed to not remember the contents of the session, and she would often read the transcript or ask what Seth had said.
Summary
The core teachings of the Seth Material are based on the principle that consciousness creates matter, that each person creates his or her own reality through thoughts, beliefs and expectations, and that the "point of power" through which the individual can affect change is in the present moment.
It discusses a wide range of metaphysical concepts, including the nature of God (referred to as "All That Is" and "The Multidimensional God"); the nature of physical reality; the origins of the universe; the nature of the self and the "higher self"; the story of Christ; the evolution of the soul and all aspects of death and rebirth, including reincarnation and karma, past lives, after-death experiences, "guardian spirits", and ascension to planes of "higher consciousness"; the purpose of life; the nature of good and evil; the purpose of suffering; multidimensional reality, parallel lives; and transpersonal realms.
Nature of the self
According to the Seth Material, the entire self or "entity" is a gestalt consisting of the inner self, various selves that the entity has assumed through past existences (physical and non-physical), plus all the currently incarnated selves and all their probable counterparts. Reincarnation is included as a core principle.
Wouter Hanegraaff, Professor of History of Hermetic Philosophy, University of Amsterdam, says that these ideas have been influential to other new age authors (some of whom use the term "higher self" to refer to the same concept), and that Roberts's terminology has been adopted by some of those authors. Hanegraaff says that Seth uses various terms to refer to the concept of the "self", including "entity", "whole self", "gestalt", and "(over)soul".
RealityThe Seth Material says that all individuals create their own circumstances and experiences within the shared earthly environment, similar to the doctrine of responsibility assumption. This concept is expressed in the phrase "you create your own reality", which may have originated with the Seth readings (although Nietzsche wrote some 90 years earlier, on the subject of "Becoming who you are": "We, however, want to become who we are—human beings who are new, unique, incomparable, who give themselves laws, who create themselves!"). The inner self, or inner ego, is responsible for the construction and maintenance of the individual's physical body and immediate physical environment, and the unfolding of events is determined by the expectations, attitudes and beliefs of the outer ego, that portion of the self that human beings know as themselves. "If you want to change your world, you must first change your thoughts, expectations, and beliefs." Or, more succinctly: "You get what you concentrate upon. There is no other main rule".
The books discuss the idea that the physical environment is constructed and maintained by the inner selves of the individual occupants (including animals). The inner selves project, en masse, a pattern for physical reality that is then filled with energy, as needed, by each individual. All events are also produced in the same manner.
Complete writings of Jane Roberts
Books:
(1966). How To Develop Your ESP Power. Publisher: Federick Fell. (Later retitled and reprinted as The Coming of Seth.) .
(1970). The Seth Material. Reprinted, 2001 by New Awareness Network. .
(1972). Seth Speaks: The Eternal Validity of the Soul. Reprinted 1994 by Amber-Allen Publishing. .
(1974). The Nature of Personal Reality. Prentice-Hall. Reprinted 1994, Amber-Allen Publishing. .
(1975). Adventures in Consciousness: An Introduction to Aspect Psychology. Prentice-Hall. .
(1975). Dialogues of the Soul and Mortal Self in Time. Prentice-Hall. . Poetry.
(1976). Psychic Politics: An Aspect Psychology Book. Prentice-Hall. .
(1977). The "Unknown" Reality Vol. 1. Prentice-Hall. Reprinted 1997, Amber-Allen Publishing. .
(1979). The "Unknown" Reality Vol. 2. Prentice-Hall. Reprinted 1997, Amber-Allen Publishing. .
(1977). The World View of Paul Cézanne: A Psychic Interpretation. Prentice-Hall. .
(1978). The Afterdeath Journal of An American Philosopher: The World View of William James. Prentice-Hall. .
(1979). Emir's Education in the Proper Use of Magical Powers. Prentice-Hall. . Children's literature.
(1979). The Nature of the Psyche: Its Human Expression. Prentice-Hall. Reprinted 1996, Amber-Allen Publishing. .
(1981). The Individual and the Nature of Mass Events. Prentice-Hall, . Reprinted 1994, Amber-Allen Publishing, .
(1995). The Oversoul Seven Trilogy. Amber-Allen Publishing. . Edition: Paperback; May 1, 1995 (originally published as three separate books: The Education of Oversoul 7 (1973); The Further Education of Oversoul Seven (1979); Oversoul Seven and the Museum of Time (1984)).
(1981). The God of Jane: A Psychic Manifesto. Prentice-Hall. . Reprinted 2000, Moment Point Press. .
(1982). If We Live Again, Or, Public Magic and Private Love. Prentice-Hall. . Poetry.
(1986). Dreams, Evolution and Value Fulfillment. Prentice-Hall, two volumes, and .
(1986). Seth, Dreams and Projections of Consciousness. Stillpoint Publishing.
(1993). A Seth Reader. Vernal Equinox Press. Compendium edited by Richard Roberts. .
(1995). The Magical Approach : Seth Speaks About the Art of Creative Living. Amber-Allen Publishing. .
(1997). The Way Toward Health. Robert F. Butts (Foreword), Amber-Allen Publishing. .
(2006). The World View of Rembrandt. New Awareness Network. .
(1997 and after). The Early Sessions (Sessions 1 through 510 of the Seth Material). New Awareness Network. Edited by Robert Butts. Nine volumes. .
(2003). The Personal Sessions. New Awareness Network. Deleted session material. Seven volumes. .
The Early Class Sessions. New Awareness Network. Four volumes.
Short stories and novellas:
"Prayer of a Wiser People" in Profile, 1950.
"The Red Wagon" in Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction, 1956 (republished 1993, Reality Change Magazine; anthologized in 1975, Ladies of Fantasy).
"The Canvas Pyramid" in Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction, 1957 (French edition, 1958).
"First Communion" in Fantastic Universe, 1957.
"The Chestnut Beads" in Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction, 1957 (French edition, 1958; anthologized in Triple W: Witches, Warlocks and Werewolves, 1963).
"The Bundu" (novella) in Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction, 1958.
"A Demon at Devotions" in Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction, 1958 (reprinted in Reality Change Magazine, Winter 1994).
"Nightmare" in Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction, 1959.
"Impasse" in Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction, 1959 (Spanish anthology edition ca. 1960).
"Three Times Around" in Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction, 1964 (anthologized in Earth Invaded, 1982).
"The Big Freeze" in Dude, 1965 (reprinted in Reality Change Magazine, Summer 1994).
"The Mission," purchased by Topper magazine in August, 1965. (Publication not yet confirmed.)
Poetry:
"Time" in The Saratogian [Saratoga Springs, NY], 1947 Mar 19.
"Enigma" in The Saratogian, 1947 Mar 19.
"Spring Gaiety" in The Saratogian, 1947 Apr 26.
"Rain" in Profile [Skidmore College literary magazine], December, 1947.
"Pretense" in Profile, December, 1947.
"Code" in Profile, December, 1947.
"Skyscrapers" in Profile, December, 1947.
"Introvert" in Profile, May, 1948.
"Poem" in Profile, May, 1948.
"How Public Like a Frog" in Profile, Fall, 1948.
"Motorcycle Ride" in Profile, Fall, 1948.
"Echo" in Profile, May, 1949.
"Death Stood at the Door" in Profile, May, 1949.
"Compromise" in Profile, May, 1949.
"I Shall Die in the Springtime." Patterns. v.1, n.1, October 1954.
"Lyric" Patterns. v.1, n.1, October 1954.
"Matilda" in Quicksilver, Spring, 1960.
"It is Springtime, Grandfather." Epos., v.12, n.3, Spring 1961.
"The Familiar." Bitterroot. v.1, n.2, Winter 1962.
"I Saw a Hand" in Treasures of Parnassus: Best Poems of 1962, Young Publications, 1962 (reprinted in The Elmira Star-Gazette, 1962).
"My Grandfather's World." Epos. v.14, n.3, Spring 1963.
"Lullaby." Epos. v.14, n.3, Spring 1963.
"Beware, October." Epos. v.16, n.1, Fall 1964.
"This Wrist, This Hand." Epos. v.16, n.4, Summer 1965.
"The Game." New Lantern Club Review. n.2, Summer 1965.
"The Flowers." Steppenwolf. n.1, Winter 1965–1966.
"Vision." Dust/9. v.3, n.1, Fall 1966.
"Who Whispers Yes." Dust/12. v.3, n.4, Spring 1969.
"Hi, Low, and Psycho." Excerpts published in Reality Change, Third Quarter, 1996.
Seth Material-related works from other authors:
Watkins, Susan M. Conversations with Seth. Moment Point Press, 2005, 2006, two volumes. and original version published: Vol. 1 (1980), Vol 2 (1981).
Dahl, Lynda Madden (1993). Beyond the Winning Streak: Using Conscious Creation to Consistently Win at Life. The Woodbridge Group. .
Dahl, Lynda Madden (1995). Ten Thousand Whispers: A Guide to Conscious Creation. The Woodbridge Group. .
Dahl, Lynda Madden (1997). The Wizards of Consciousness: Making the Imponderable Practical. The Woodbridge Group. .
Dahl, Lynda Madden (2001). The Book of Fallacies: A Little Primer of New Thought. Moment Point Press. .
Dahl, Lynda Madden (2012). Living a Safe Universe: A Book for Seth Readers. The Woodbridge Group. .
Dahl, Lynda Madden (2013). Living a Safe Universe, Vol. 2: A Book for Seth Readers. The Woodbridge Group. .
Dahl, Lynda Madden (2014). Living a Safe Universe, Vol. 3: A Book for Seth Readers. The Woodbridge Group. .
Dahl, Lynda Madden (2015). Living a Safe Universe, Vol. 4: Seth and Psychic Health. The Woodbridge Group. .
Friedman, Norman (1994). Bridging Science and Spirit: Common Elements in David Bohm's Physics, The Perennial Philosophy and Seth. The Woodbridge Group. .
Friedman, Norman (1997). The Hidden Domain: Home of the Quantum Wave Function, Nature's Creative Source. The Woodbridge Group. .
Stack, Rick. Out-Of-Body Adventures : 30 days to the Most Exciting Experience of Your Life. Contemporary Books. .
Ashley, Nancy. Create Your Own Reality : A Seth Workbook. Prentice-Hall Press, 1984. .
Ashley, Nancy. Create Your Own Happiness: A Seth Workbook. Prentice-Hall Press, 1988. .
Ashley, Nancy. Create Your Own Dreams: A Seth Workbook. Prentice-Hall Press, 1990. .
Watkins, Susan M. Speaking of Jane Roberts: Remembering the Author of the Seth Material. Moment Point Press, 2001. .
Hsu, Tien-Sheng. The Secret to Healing Cancer: A Chinese Psychiatrist and Family Doctor Presents His Amazing Method For Curing Cancer Through Psychological and Spiritual Growth. New Awareness Network, 2011. .
Kendall, Richard. The Road To Elmira, Volume 1 : A former student of Jane Roberts recounts his experiences while attending Jane's classes. Rich Kendall Books, 2011. ; .
Helfrich, Paul M. Seth: The Ultimate Guide. New World View Publishing, 2010. .
Relationship with Christianity
According to the Seth Material, Jesus Christ exists as part of the Christ entity, a highly evolved entity who exists in many systems of reality. At the time of Christ, the Christ entity incarnated as three individuals: John the Baptist, Jesus of Nazareth, and Paul or Saul of Tarsus.
Other authorship claims
Other authors have written material they claimed was channeled from Seth, especially after Roberts's death. These included Thomas Massari, who founded the Seth-Hermes Foundation and said he had channeled Seth as early as 1972; and Jean Loomis, director of the Aquarian Center in Connecticut. However, in the introduction to the first book written about Seth, he is said to have conveyed that "communications will come exclusively through Ruburt [Seth's name for Jane] at all times, to protect the integrity of the material". In The Seth Material, Roberts wrote: "Several people have told me that Seth communicated with them through automatic writing, but Seth denies any such contacts."
Criticism
Charles Upton in his book The System of Antichrist, argues that the reason Jane Roberts multiplies the self in many ways is due to a fear of death, and that the Seth texts are based on a misunderstanding of both Christianity and Eastern religions. The implied influences of Eastern mysticism and philosophy are also highlighted in Astrology and Psychic Phenomena'' by Terry Holley, E Calvin Beisner and Robert M Bowman Jr, who say, "Husband Robert Butts admitted that similarities exist between Seth's ideas and those of various religious, philosophical, and mystical doctrines from the Near, Middle, or Far East . . . and we've done a little reading on Buddhism, Hinduism, Zen, and Taoism, for example, not to mention subjects like shamanism, voodooism, and obeah." According to Robert C. Fuller, Seth filled the role of guide for what Fuller called "unchurched American spirituality," including the topics of reincarnation, karma, free will, ancient metaphysical wisdom, and "Christ consciousness." James Alcock wrote "there seems little need to consider the involvement of any supernatural agency."
Psychologist Paul Cunningham of Rivier University, New Hampshire, analyzed the case of Jane Roberts in his 2010 paper "The Problem of Seth's Origin", concluding that "fraud and cryptomnesia are highly improbable explanations" and suggesting that to "emphasize and expect fraud and trickery ... is essentially a misleading, though culturally expectable, response" to such cases.
See also
Biocentric universe
Counterpart theory
Modal realism
Idealism
Many-minds interpretation
Brane cosmology
J. B. Priestley's Time Plays
References
External links
Guide to the Jane Roberts Papers, Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library Archival Collection includes both published and unpublished materials
Seth Center Index to the Early Sessions
Seth Learning Center An overview of titles and related audio clips, New Awareness Network
Channelled texts
Reincarnation
Paranormal
Works by Jane Roberts
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Koob
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George Koob
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George F. Koob (born 1947) is a Professor and former Chair of the Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders at The Scripps Research Institute and Adjunct Professor of Psychology, Psychiatry, and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences at the University of California, San Diego. In 2014 he became the director of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.
Biography
Koob received his Bachelor of Science degree from Pennsylvania State University and his Ph.D. in Behavioral Physiology from The Johns Hopkins University. An authority on addiction and stress, Koob has published over 650 scientific papers and has received continuous funding for his research from the National Institutes of Health, including the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) and the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). He was, until 2014, the Director of the NIAAA Alcohol Research Center at The Scripps Research Institute, Consortium Coordinator for NIAAA's multi-center Integrative Neuroscience Initiative on Alcoholism, and Co-Director of the Pearson Center for Alcoholism and Addiction Research. He has trained 10 predoctoral and 64 postdoctoral fellows. Koob is the former Editor-in-Chief for the journal Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior and for the Journal of Addiction Medicine. He won the Daniel Efron Award for excellence in research from the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, was honored as a highly cited researcher from the Institute for Scientific Information, was presented with the Distinguished Investigator Award from the Research Society on Alcoholism, and won the Mark Keller Award from NIAAA. He published a landmark book in 2006 with his colleague Michel Le Moal entitled: Neurobiology of Addiction (Academic Press-Elsevier, Amsterdam).
His research interests continue to be directed at the neurobiology of emotion, with a focus on the theoretical constructs of reward and stress with a specific interest in understanding the neuroanatomical connections comprising the emotional systems and neurochemistry of emotional function. During the past 3 years, his work has been focused on the role of the extended amygdala (medial shell portion of the nucleus accumbens, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and central nucleus of the amygdala) in behavioral responses to stress, the neuroadaptations associated with drug dependence, and compulsive drug self-administration.
Koob's work on the neurobiology of stress has included the characterization of behavioral functions in the central nervous system for catecholamines, opioid peptides, and corticotropin-releasing factor. Corticotropin-releasing factor, in addition to its classical hormonal functions in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, is also located in extrahypothalamic brain structures and may play an important role in brain emotional function. Recent use of specific corticotropin-releasing factor receptor antagonists suggests that endogenous brain corticotropin-releasing factor may be involved in specific behavioral responses to stress, the psychopathology of anxiety and affective disorders, and drug addiction. He has also characterized functional roles for other stress-related neurotransmitters/neuroregulators, such as norepinephrine, vasopressin, hypocretin (orexin), neuropeptide Y, and neuroactive steroids.
In the domain of drug addiction, Koob's past work contributed significantly to our understanding of the neurocircuitry associated with the acute reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse. More recently, the focus has been on the neuroadaptations of these reward circuits and the recruitment of the brain stress systems during with the transition to dependence. To this end, he has validated key animal models for dependence associated with drugs of abuse and has begun to explore a key role of anti-reward systems in the development of dependence. The neurotransmitter systems in the extended amygdala under current investigation include corticotropin-releasing factor, norepinephrine, dynorphin, orexin, neuropeptide Y, and the sigma receptor system.
Finally, Koob's recent contributions include scholarly treatises on the conceptual framework and theoretical bases for understanding the neurobiology of drug addiction. He has contributed key reviews on the “dark side of addiction” in very prominent journals in the field, including Annual Review of Psychology, Nature, Neuron, and Neuropsychopharmacology, and Nature Reviews Drug Discovery.
Cancelled NIAAA Study
After reports broke that members of NIAAA staff had approached the alcohol industry for the purpose of funding a study into moderate drinking, an investigation was conducted that identified the conduct occurred prior to Koob's tenure. Koob expressed disapproval at the ethically-compromised study, and canceled it in June 2018, while the investigation exonerated him of wrongdoing.
Professional training and positions
University Affiliation:
Journal Editor:
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior (Editor-in-Chief, 1994–present)
Journal of Addiction Medicine (Senior Editor, 2007–present)
Brain Research (Section Editor, 2008–present; Special Issue Guest Editor, Biomedical Alcohol Research, 2009, vol. 1305S)
Awards:
Phi Sigma Society
Alpha Zeta Fraternity
Outstanding Faculty Teaching Award, Revelle College, University of California, San Diego (1988)
Outstanding Faculty Teaching Award, Muir College, University of California, San Diego (1989)
Outstanding Faculty Teaching Award, Warren College, University of California, San Diego (1992, 1993, 1995)
Daniel H. Efron Award, Excellence in Research in Neuropsychopharmacology, American College of Neuropsychopharmacology (1991)
Highly Cited Researcher, Institute for Scientific Information (2001)
Distinguished Investigator Award, Research Society on Alcoholism (2002)
ASAM Annual Award, American Society of Addiction Medicine (2002)
Tharp Award, James H. Tharp Trust Committee, Research Society on Alcoholism (2002)
Most Valuable Professor, Muir College, University of California, San Diego (2004)
Mark Keller Award, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (2004)
Faculty Excellence Award, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego (2006)
Honorary Doctorate of Science, Pennsylvania State University (2009)
Outstanding UCSD Professor Award, Panhellenic Council, University of California, San Diego (2010)
Honorary Doctorate of Science, University of Bordeaux (2013)
Chevalier, Legion of Honour (France) (2016)
Lectureships:
Commencement Speaker, Warren College, University of California, San Diego (1993)
Boots Distinguished Neuroscientist, Louisiana State University Medical Center (1989)
Grass Foundation Lecturer, Society for Neuroscience, Indianapolis Chapter (1990)
Grass Foundation Lecturer, Society for Neuroscience, Central New York Chapter (1990)
Grass Foundation Lecturer, Society for Neuroscience, South Carolina Chapter (1992)
Grass Foundation Lecturer, Society for Neuroscience, West Virginia Chapter (1993)
Grass Foundation Lecturer, Society for Neuroscience, Northern Rocky Mountain Chapter (1994)
John C. Forbes Honors Lectureship, School of Basic Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University (1991)
Wendy and Stanley Marsh Endowed Lectureship, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo (1999)
Bowles Lectureship, Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina (2000)
Jellinek Lectureship, Substance Abuse Treatment Unit, Yale University School of Medicine (2000)
Mark Nickerson Memorial Lecture Award, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (2006)
Paul Stark Lecture, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center (2008)
Louis S. Harris Sterling Drug Visiting Professor, Virginia Commonwealth University (2009).
Lyon-Voorhees Lectureship, University of Colorado Denver (2010).
Norman E. Zinberg Memorial Lecture, Department of Psychiatry, Division on Addictions, Cambridge Health Alliance, Harvard Medical School (2010).
References
1947 births
University of California, San Diego faculty
Living people
Scripps Research faculty
Medical journal editors
Johns Hopkins University alumni
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam%20Wanamaker
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Sam Wanamaker
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Samuel Wanamaker, (born Wattenmacker; June 14, 1919 – December 18, 1993) was an American actor and director who moved to the United Kingdom after becoming fearful of being blacklisted in Hollywood due to his communist views. He is credited as the person most responsible for saving The Rose Theatre, which led to the modern recreation of Shakespeare's Globe Theatre in London, where he is commemorated in the name of the Sam Wanamaker Playhouse, the site's second theatre.
Early years
Wanamaker was born in Chicago, Illinois, the son of tailor Maurice Wattenmacker (Manus Watmakher) and Molly (née Bobele). His parents were Ukrainian Jews from Nikolayev. He was the younger of two brothers, the elder being William, long-term cardiologist at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center.
He trained at the Goodman School of Drama at the Art Institute of Chicago (now at DePaul University) and began working with summer stock theatre companies in Chicago and northern Wisconsin, where he helped build the stage of the Peninsula Players Theatre in 1937.
Career
Wanamaker began his acting career in traveling shows and later worked on Broadway. In 1942 he starred with Ingrid Bergman in the play Joan of Lorraine and directed Two Gentlemen from Athens the following year.
In 1943, Wanamaker was part of the cast of the play Counterattack at the National Theatre, Washington, D.C. During the play, he became enamored of the ideals of communism. He attended Drake University prior to serving in the U.S. Army between 1943 and 1946, during the Second World War. In 1947, he returned to civilian life as an actor and director. In 1948 he starred in and directed the original Broadway production of Goodbye, My Fancy.
In 1951, Wanamaker made a speech welcoming the return of two of the Hollywood Ten. In 1952, at the height of the McCarthy "Red Scare" period, Wanamaker, who was then acting in the UK, learned that despite his distinguished service in the Army during World War II, his years as a communist could lead to his being blacklisted in Hollywood. He consequently decided to remain in England, where he reestablished his career as a stage and film actor, along with becoming a director and producer. He explained:
In 1952, he made his debut as both actor and director in London in Clifford Odets' Winter Journey. The play, which co-starred Michael Redgrave, was considered "sensational" by critics. He later appeared in other plays, including The Big Knife, The Shrike, The Rainmaker, and A Hatful of Rain. In 1956 he directed the British premiere of Bertolt Brecht and Kurt Weill's musical play The Threepenny Opera (revived in New York in 1954 in a translation by Marc Blitzstein.)
In 1957, he was appointed director of the neglected New Shakespeare Theatre in Liverpool. He brought a number of notable productions to the theatre, such as A View From the Bridge, Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, The Rose Tattoo and Bus Stop. It was also transformed into a lively arts centre as a result of including other cultural attractions, such as films, lectures, jazz concerts and art exhibits.
As a result of all his various activities, Wanamaker became London's "favourite American actor and director", noted The Guardian. In 1959, he joined the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre company at Stratford-upon-Avon, playing Iago to Paul Robeson's Othello in Tony Richardson's production that year. In the 1960s and 1970s, he produced or directed several works at venues including the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, and directed the Shakespeare Birthday Celebrations in 1974.
As a director and actor, he worked in both films and television, with roles in The Spiral Staircase (1974), Private Benjamin (1980), Superman IV: The Quest for Peace (1987), and Baby Boom (1987).
In 1968, he produced and directed the pilot episode of the Western TV series Lancer; A fictionalized version of this is depicted in the 2019 film Once Upon a Time in Hollywood, and 2021 novelization with Wanamaker portrayed by Nicholas Hammond in the film.
He also directed stage productions, including the world premiere production of Michael Tippett's opera The Ice Break. In 1980, he directed Giuseppe Verdi's opera Aida starring Luciano Pavarotti at San Francisco Opera (now broadcast version released as DVD). He was also featured as the widowed and very ruthless department store owner Simon Berrenger on the short-lived television drama Berrenger's in 1985.
Restoring the Globe Theatre
In 1970 Wanamaker's career took a dramatic turn after he was annoyed that while a number of replicas of the Globe Theatre existed in the United States, the site of the original in London was marked by only a plaque on a nearby brewery. He then made it his goal to restore an exact replica of the Globe to feature plays and a museum.
It became Wanamaker's "great obsession" to restore Shakespeare's Globe Theatre at its original location. He secured financial support from philanthropists and fellow lovers of Shakespeare, such as Samuel H. Scripps, to see that it would be created. Wanamaker then founded the Shakespeare Globe Trust, which raised well over ten million dollars.
Though, as in the late 16th and 17th centuries, the 20th century Royal family were more or less supportive, British officialdom was far less so, since they wanted to develop the site for new high-rise housing and commercial use. English Heritage, which controlled the site, refused to give Wanamaker the precise dimensions of the original Globe.
According to Karl Meyer of The New York Times:
The Shakespeare project helped Mr. Wanamaker keep his sanity and dignity intact. On his first visit to London in 1949, he had sought traces of the original theatre and was astonished to find only a blackened plaque on an unused brewery. He found this neglect inexplicable, and in 1970 launched the Shakespeare Globe Trust, later obtaining the building site and necessary permissions despite a hostile local council. He siphoned his earnings as actor and director into the project, undismayed by the scepticism of his British colleagues.
On the south bank of the River Thames in London, near where the modern recreation of Shakespeare's Globe stands today, is a plaque that reads: "In Thanksgiving for Sam Wanamaker, Actor, Director, Producer, 1919–1993, whose vision rebuilt Shakespeare's Globe Theatre on Bankside in this parish". There is a blue plaque on the river-side wall of the theatre, and the site's Jacobean indoor theatre, opened in January 2014, is named the Sam Wanamaker Playhouse after him.
For his work in reconstructing the Globe Theatre, Wanamaker, in July 1993, was made an honorary Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE). He was also honoured with the Benjamin Franklin Medal by the Royal Society of Arts in recognition of his contribution to theatre.
When multi-Tony Award-winning British actor Mark Rylance accepted his third Tony on stage in New York City during the televised ceremonies on June 8, 2014, he did so with a note of thanks to Wanamaker.
Personal life
In 1940, Wanamaker married Canadian actress Charlotte Holland.
In her 2014 memoir, I Said Yes to Everything, Lee Grant claimed that during production of the film Voyage of the Damned (1976), Wanamaker engaged in an affair with British actress Lynne Frederick, who was twenty-one at the time.
Actress Zoë Wanamaker is his daughter and film historian Marc Wanamaker is his nephew.
Death
Wanamaker died of prostate cancer in London on December 18, 1993, aged 74, prior to the grand opening of the Globe by Queen Elizabeth II on 12 June 1997. He was survived by three daughters, Abby, Zoë, and Jessica.
Filmography
Actor
My Girl Tisa (1948) as Mark Denek
Give Us This Day (1949) as Geremio
Mr. Denning Drives North (1952) as Chick Eddowes
The Secret (1955) as Nick Delaney
The Battle of the Sexes (1959) as Narrator (voice)
The Criminal (1960) as Mike Carter
Taras Bulba (1962) as Filipenko
Man in the Middle (1964) as Maj. Leon Kaufman, a psychiatrist
The Spy Who Came In from the Cold (1965) as Peters
Those Magnificent Men in Their Flying Machines (1965) as George Gruber
Warning Shot (1967) as Frank Sanderman
The Day the Fish Came Out (1967) as Elias
Danger Route (1968) as Lucinda
Arturo UI (1972, TV Movie) as O'Casey
The Law (1974, TV Movie) as Jules Benson
Mousey (1974, TV Movie) as Inspector
The Spiral Staircase (1975) as Lieutenant Fields
The Sell Out (1976) as Harry Sickles
Voyage of the Damned (1976) as Carl Rosen
Billy Jack Goes to Washington (1977) as Bailey
The Billion Dollar Bubble (1978) as Stanley Goldblum
Death on the Nile (1978) as Sterndale Rockford
Holocaust (1978, TV mini-series) as Moses Weiss
Contro 4 bandiere (1979) as Ray MacDonald
Charlie Muffin (1979, TV Movie) as Ruttgers
Private Benjamin (1980) as Teddy Benjamin
The Competition (1980) as Andrew Erskine
Winston Churchill: The Wilderness Years (1981) as Bernard Baruch
Our Family Business (1981, TV Movie) as Ralph
I Was a Mail Order Bride (1982, TV Movie) as Frank Tosconi
Heartsounds (1984, TV Movie) as Moe Silverman
Irreconcilable Differences (1984) as David Kessler
The Ghost Writer (1984, TV Movie) as E.I. Lonoff
Berrenger's (1985, TV Series) as Simon Berrenger
The Aviator (1985) as Bruno Hansen
Embassy (1985, TV Movie) as Ambassador Arthur Ingram
Deceptions (1985, TV Movie) as Jim Nolan
Raw Deal (1986) as Luigi Patrovita
Sadie and Son (1987, TV Movie) as Marty Goldstein
Baby Boom (1987) as Fritz Curtis
Superman IV: The Quest for Peace (1987) as David Warfield
The Two Mrs. Grenvilles (1987, TV Movie) as District Attorney
Baby Boom (1988, TV series based on the 1987 film) as Fritz Curtis
Judgment in Berlin (1988) as Bernard Hellring
Tajna manastirske rakije (1988) as Ambassador Morley
The Shell Seekers (1989, TV Movie) as Richard
Always Remember I Love You (1990, TV Movie) as Grandfather Mendham
Running Against Time (1990, TV Movie) as Doctor Koopman
Guilty by Suspicion (1991) as Felix Graff
Pure Luck (1991) as Highsmith
City of Joy (1992) (uncredited)
Killer Rules (1993, TV Movie) as Gambon
Bloodlines: Murder in the Family (1993, TV Movie) as Gerald Woodman
Wild Justice (1994, TV Movie) as Kingston Parker (final film role)
Television
Holocaust (1978 TV Mini-Series) as Moses Weiss
Cameo Theatre in "Manhattan Footstep" (episode # 1.4) June 7, 1950
Danger Man – as Patrick Laurence in "The Lonely Chair" (episode # 1.8) October 30, 1960
The Defenders – as Dr. Ralph Ames in "The Hundred Lives of Harry Simms" (episode # 1.7) October 28, 1961
The Defenders – as James Henry David in "A Book for Burning" (episode # 2.27) March 30, 1963
Man of the World – as Nicko in "The Bandit" (episode # 2.1) May 11, 1963
Espionage – as Sprague in "Festival of Pawns" (episode # 1.10) December 11, 1963
The Outer Limits – as Dr. Simon Holm in "A Feasibility Study" (episode # 1.29) April 13, 1964
The Defenders – as Edward Banter in "Hollow Triumph" (episode # 3.35) June 20, 1964
The Defenders – as United States Attorney Brooker in "A Taste of Ashes" (episode # 4.8) November 12, 1964
The Wild Wild West – as Dr. Arcularis in "The Night of the Howling Light" (episode # 1.14) December 17, 1965
Gunsmoke – as Asa Longworth in "Parson Comes to Town" (episode # 11.31) April 30, 1966
Run for Your Life – as Major Joe Rankin in two episodes
The Baron – as Sefton Folkard in "You Can't Win Them All" (episode # 1.19) February 1, 1967
Judd for the Defense – as Shelly Gould in "The Gates of Cerberus" (episode # 2.8) November 15, 1968
Thirty-Minute Theatre in "A Wen" (episode # 1.233) December 27, 1971
Rafferty – as Hollander in "Rafferty" (Pilot) (episode # 1.1) September 5, 1977
Return of the Saint – as Domenico in "Dragonseed" (episode # 1.22) February 25, 1979
Director
The Defenders (TV series) – episode "Eyewitness" (1965)
Court Martial (TV series) – episode "The Bitter Wind" (1966)
Hawk (TV series) – episodes "Do Not Mutilate or Spindle", "Game with a Dead End" and "How Close Can You Get?" (1966)
Cimarron Strip (TV series) – episode "Broken Wing" (1967)
Custer (TV series) – episode "Sabers in the Sun" (1967)
Dundee and the Culhane (TV series) – episode "The Jubilee Raid Brief" (1967)
Coronet Blue (TV series) – episodes "The Rebels", "Man Running", "Saturday" and "The Presence of Evil" (1967)
Lancer (TV series) – episode "The High Riders" (1968)
Premiere (TV series) – episode "Lassiter" (1968)
The Champions (TV series) – episode "To Trap A Rat" (1968)
The File of the Golden Goose (1969)
The Executioner (1970)
Catlow (1971)
Sinbad and the Eye of the Tiger (1977)
Columbo: The Bye-Bye Sky High IQ Murder Case (1977) (TV)
David Cassidy - Man Undercover (TV series) – episode "Cage of Steel" (1978)
Hart to Hart (TV series) – episode "Death in the Slow Lane" (1979)
Return of the Saint (TV series) – episode "Vicious Circle" (1979)
Mrs. Columbo aka Kate Loves a Mystery (TV series) – episodes "A Puzzle for Prophets" and "Falling Star" (1979)
The Killing of Randy Webster (1981) (TV)
Columbo: Grand Deceptions (1989) (TV)
Notes
References
External links
, video
Interview with Sam Wanamaker, September 18, 1992 [Mostly about directing opera]
1919 births
1993 deaths
Male actors from Chicago
American emigrants to England
Film directors from Illinois
American male film actors
American male radio actors
American male stage actors
American theatre directors
Burials at Southwark Cathedral
Deaths from cancer in England
Deaths from prostate cancer
Drake University alumni
Jewish American male actors
American male Shakespearean actors
Laurence Olivier Award winners
Hollywood blacklist
United States Army soldiers
United States Army personnel of World War II
Jewish socialists
20th-century American male actors
American people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent
Honorary Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abaya%20%28woreda%29
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Abaya (woreda)
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Abaya is a woreda in the Oromia Region, Ethiopia. It is part of former Gelana Abaya woreda what was divided for Abaya and Gelana woredas. Part of the Borena Zone, Gelana Abaya was bordered on the south by Hagere Mariam, and on the west, north and east by the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region (SNNPR). Lake Abaya, on the western border, is divided between this woreda and the SNNPR. However, the Guji Oromo who live in Nechisar National Park are claimed to be administratively part of this woreda, in a kebele called "Irgansaa".
Overview
The altitude of this woreda ranges from 800 to 2300 meters above sea level. Perennial rivers include the Gelana and Gildabo. A survey of the land in this woreda shows that 41% is arable (28.7% was under annual crops), 35% pasture, 15% forest, and the remaining 9% is considered swampy, degraded or otherwise unusable. The four major crops grown in this woreda are maize, wheat, barley and haricot beans in that order, with some long cycle sorghum and teff as well; in some parts ensete or the false banana is also grown, which offers a degree of security during famines. Coffee is an important cash crop; over 5,000 hectares are planted with it.
Industry in the woreda includes 2 coffee pulpers, and a number of traders; deposits of ignimbrite and basalt are known but have not been commercially developed. There were 32 Farmers Associations with 5,643 members and 4 Farmers Service Cooperatives. Gelana Abaya has 67 kilometers of dry-weather and 19 all-weather road, for an average road density of 36.4 kilometers per 1000 square kilometers. About 21.6% of the total population has access to drinking water.
History
Early western explorers who travelled through what currently is the territory of this woreda include the Italians Eugene Ruspoli (died 1891) and Vittorio Bottego, and the American Arthur Donaldson Smith.
In the last years of the military regime some parts of the Sidamo Province inhabited by the Guji Oromo were included in the Gedeo sub-province, while the larger portion of the Guji territories remained in Borana sub-province. This restructuring was preserved during the Transitional Government, making this woreda a part of the Gedeo Zone of the SNNPR. The local Guji Oromo, who felt dominated by the Gedeo people, were dissatisfied with this arrangement, and who appealed to the office of the then Prime Minister but in vain, until the adoption of the new constitution, when a plebiscite was arranged to reallocate the woredas. Although Gelana Abaya became a part of the Oromia Zone, it was only after violent clashes broke out in the Hagere Mariam woreda between the Guji and Gedeo in April–May 1995. The federal army attempted to intervene between the two to stop the fighting, but only succeeded in becoming the target of Guji militants.
Gelana Abaya was selected by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development in 2004 as an area for voluntary resettlement for farmers from overpopulated areas. That year this woreda became the home for a total of 9145 heads of households and
45,725 total family members.
In early 2005, around 6,000 people were displaced by heavy flooding in Gelana; Hagere Mariam was also affected by the flooding to a lesser degree.
Demographics
The 2007 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 103,348, of whom 52,015 were men and 51,333 were women; 4,570 or 4.42% of its population were urban dwellers. The majority of the inhabitants said they were Protestant, with 62.75% of the population reporting they observed these beliefs, while 17.05% of the population practiced traditional beliefs, 11.89% practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity and 2.3% were Catholic.
Based on figures published by the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, this woreda has an estimated total population of 152,161, of whom 75,042 are men and 77,119 are women. With an estimated area of 2,365.16 square kilometers, Gelana Abaya has an estimated population density of 64.3 people per square kilometer, which is greater than the Zone average of 21.1.
The 1994 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 110,762, of whom 56,489 were men and 54,273 women; the census reported no urban dwellers. The three largest ethnic groups reported in Gelana Abaya were the Oromo (74.49%), the Gedeo (23.47%), and the Amhara (1.18%); all other ethnic groups made up 0.86% of the population. Oromiffa was spoken as a first language by 75.86%, 22.64% spoke Gedeo and 1.18% spoke Amharic; the remaining 0.32% spoke all other primary languages reported. The plurality of the inhabitants practiced traditional beliefs, with 44.38% of the population giving answers that were recorded under that label, while 34.19% of the population said they were Protestant, 11.55% professed Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, and 2.24% were Catholic.
Notes
Districts of Oromia Region
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39431618
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%27anshan%20Yangtze%20River%20Bridge
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Ma'anshan Yangtze River Bridge
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The Ma'anshan Yangtze River Bridge is a bridge complex over the Yangtze River in Ma'anshan, Anhui Province in eastern China. The bridge complex carries a six-lane highway over two branch streams of the Yangtze and the island of Xiaohuangzhou in the middle of the river.
The entire bridge complex is in length. The bridge over the left stream is a suspension bridge with three towers and two spans. This section is tied with the Taizhou Yangtze River Bridge as the longest double span suspension bridge in the world. The bridge over the right stream is a cable-stayed bridge with three towers and two .
The deck height of the left stream bridge is , while the deck height of the right stream bridge is high.
The bridge project was approved in July 2004. The bridge opened on December 31, 2013.
See also
Yangtze River bridges and tunnels
List of longest suspension bridge spans
List of tallest bridges in the world
List of largest bridges in China
References
Bridges in Anhui
Bridges over the Yangtze River
Suspension bridges in China
Bridges completed in 2013
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5774697
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guns%20%28film%29
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Guns (film)
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Guns is a 1990 action film about a group of female agents who are sent to take out a South American gun runner. The film was written and directed by Andy Sidaris, and stars Erik Estrada, Dona Speir, Devin DeVasquez, Cynthia Brimhall, and Danny Trejo. It's the fifth installment in the Triple B series.
Plot
An international crime lord stages a brutal murder to lure federal agents away from Hawaii in an attempt to smuggle assault weapons from China to South America, via Hawaii.
Cast
Erik Estrada as Juan Degas / Jack of Diamonds
Dona Speir as Donna Hamilton
Roberta Vasquez as Nicole Justin
Bruce Penhall as Bruce Christian
Cynthia Brimhall as Edy Stark
William Bumiller as Lucas
Devin DeVasquez as Cash
Michael J. Shane as Shane Abilene (as Michael Shane)
Phyllis Davis as Kathryn Hamilton
Chuck McCann as Abe
Chu Chu Malave as Cubby
Richard Cansino as Tito
George Cheung as Sifu (as George Kee Cheung)
Danny Trejo as Tong
Lisa London as Rocky
Kym Malin as Kym
Liv Lindeland as Ace
Rodrigo Obregón as Large Marge (as Rodrigo Obregon)
John Brown as Brown
Donna Spangler as Hugs Higgins
Allegra Curtis as Robyn
Rustam Branaman as Rustam
Jeff Silverman as Ramon
Christian Drew Sidaris as The California Kid (as Drew Sidaris)
James Lew as Ninja #1
Eric Chen as Ninja #2
Cynthia Bardi as Joan
Leslie Caron as Waitress
Kelley Menighan Hensley as Tong's Blonde (as Kelly Menighan)
Paul Matthews as Robyn's Husband
Todd Dos Reis as Chollie
Diane K. Shah as Bartender
Ans Scott as Van Driver
Thad Camara as Valet
David Hadder as Referee (as Dave Hadder)
David Grossman as Kathryn's Bodyguard
See also
Girls with guns
References
External links
Guns on NanarLand
1990 films
American films
1990s action films
1990s crime drama films
1990s spy films
American sexploitation films
1990s English-language films
American spy action films
American crime drama films
Girls with guns films
Films directed by Andy Sidaris
1990 drama films
Films set in Hawaii
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19189769
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20Lake%20Denesuline%20First%20Nation
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Black Lake Denesuline First Nation
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Black Lake () is a Denesuline First Nations band government in the boreal forest of northern Saskatchewan, Canada. It is located on the northwest shore of Black Lake where the Fond du Lac River leaves the lake to flow to Lake Athabasca.
It is the main administrative headquarters of the Black Lake Denesuline Nation reserve with a land base of over . Formerly, the Black Lake band used the name "Stony Rapids", which is now the name of a separate community northwest and downstream on the Fond du Lac River, not on reserve land.
Black Lake Dene Nation
Black Lake Dene Nation is a band government with territory at three locations: Chicken 224, Chicken 225 and Chicken 226.
Chicken 224 is . It includes the village of Black Lake (population 1.070 in 2011) and extends from Black Lake up to the border of the village of Stony Rapids and includes territory on both sides of the Fond du Lac River.
Chicken 225 is (population 0 in 2011) on the north side of Stony Lake on the Fond du Lac River
Chicken 226 is on the eastern end of Black Lake
Black Lake First Nation had a total registered membership of 2,044 with 1,592 members residing on-reserve and 452 members residing at locations off-reserve in September, 2013. It is a member of the Prince Albert Grand Council.
Demographics
The 2011 census reported 1,040 residents of Black Lake chose Dene as their mother tongue in 2011. All but 5 residents spoke English.
Infrastructure
Transportation
Black lake is accessible via road year round following the completion of secondary Highway 905 (Previously a seasonal road). Black lake is also accessible from the community of Stony Rapids (which is accessible by air) by road.
The community is served by air by Black Lake Water Aerodrome, and by Stony Rapids Airport.
Health care
The Athabasca Health Facility completed in 2003 at the cost of $12.7 million provides health care services to the Athabasca region. The hospital, located on reserve land (Chicken 224) adjacent to the northern hamlet of Stony Rapids, is part of the Athabasca Health Authority.
Education
Father Porte Memorial School offers kindergarten to 12 and has an enrolment of 460 students.
See also
Denesuline
Denesuline language
Treaty 8
References
Dene communities
Unincorporated communities in Saskatchewan
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69373454
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sankt%20Ann%C3%A6%20Plads%206
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Sankt Annæ Plads 6
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Sankt Annæ Plads 6/Lille Strandstræde 24 is an 18th-century property situated at the corner of Sankt Annæ Plads and Lille Strandstræde, across the street from the Garrison Church, in central Copenhagen, Denmark. With its low height and a principal facade that does not face Sankt Annæ Plads, it stands out from the other buildings on the square, bearing testament to a time when the city was lower and Frederiksstaden had only just started to develop. It was listed in the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 1950 and is now owned by Karberghus.
History
17th century
The property was in the late 18th century part of a much larger property. In Copenhagen's first cadastre of 1689, it was listed as No. 24. It was at that time owned by Admiral Marcus Rodsten. The property was thereafter divided into a number of smaller properties. The corner property (still larger than present-day Sankt Annæ Plads 6) was acquired by brewer and customs inspector Søren Sørensen. On his death in 1709, it passed to his son-in-law, Hans Jørgen Soelberg (1681–1868), a timber merchant from Drammen, Norway, who had recently moved to Copenhagen. Soelberg was later active as a general trader, ship-owner and bank commissioner. His widow kept the property until 1762. In the new cadastre of 1756, the corner property was listed as No. 95.
The current building on the site was constructed with two storeys before 1753 for tanner Niels Könsberg. The property was heightened by one storey in the early 1780s.
At the time of the 1787 census, No. 95 was owned by Jens Kliim. He lived there with his wife Maria Charl. Linch, their four children (aged eight to 18), his mother-in-law Anna Cat. Linck, a maid and a lodger. Generalinde Reinweich, a 79-year-old widow, resided in the building with her 30-year-old daughter Søster Reinweich and a maid. A captain in the Royal Danish Navy named Bielche was also a resident of the building.
Schiøtt and Herløw, 1792–1824
The property was later acquired acquired by Niels Nielsen Schiøtt, whose firm, later known as N. Schiøtt & Hochbrandt, was based in the building since its foundation in 1792. In 1796, he partnered with Hans Jørgen Herløw (1763–1837). In 1798, Herløw purchased the building. In the new cadastre of 1806, the property was listed as No. 62.
The partnership was discontinued around 1807. Herløw was married to Martine Wilhelmine Westman. Their daughter Marie Kirstine Herløw (1788–1842) married the naval officer Louis de Coninck (1788–1840), a son of the wealthy merchant Frédéric de Coninck, in 1809. They resided in Herløw's building after selling the De Coninck House to fellow naval officer Johan Friderich Hedemann (1786–1826) in 1815. Herløw kept the building until his death. Martine Wilhelmine Westman sold it in 1924.
Trampe family
The property was at some point prior to the 1834 census acquired by Friderich Christopher Just Gerhardt Trampe, a naval officer and inspector of the city's Harbour Dredging Authority. He was at that time residing in the building with his wife Conradine Cecelie (née Haag), their three sons (aged 25 to 29), nephew August Sophus Ferdinand Trampe, niece Lovise Eleonore Sophie Margareth Trampe and two maids.
Trampe and his family occupied the entire building at the time of the 1840 and 1845 censuses. Trampe was by 1840 licensed as a merchant () and served as inspector of the Copenhagen Spinning Mill (), but was by 1845 back in his old job as inspector of the Harbour Dredging Authority.
Later history
At the time of the 1850 census, No. 62 was home to three households. Anthon Bertrand Thrane, a wine merchant, was now residing on the ground floor with his wife Wilhelmine Christophine née Knudsen. Ane Marie Larsdatter, a maid, resided in the basement. Niels Høyrup, a royal lackey, resided on the first floor with his wife Margrethe Høyrup and their three children (aged 17 to 20) and a maid.
In 1859, when house numbering by street replaced the old cadastral numbers by quarter, the corner property was listed with its current house numbers.
Restaurant Van Zandt was based in the building at the beginning of the 20th century. Its ground floor dining rooms were finished with glazed ceilings.
Architecture
Sankt Annæ Plads 6 is a corner building with a five-bay principal facade on Lille Strandstræde and a three-bay gable facing the square. The slightly projecting three central bays of the facade towards Lille Strandstræde are topped by a triangular pediment with an oculus and festoon decorations. Another festoon decoration is seen between the windows on the second floor of the gable. The roof is clad with black tile.
Today
The property is currently owned by Karberghus and used as office space.
References
External links
Hans Jildebrandt at geni.com
Source
Source
Listed residential buildings in Copenhagen
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40558448
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conradiidae
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Conradiidae
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Conradiidae is a taxonomic family (created in 1987 by Golikov & Starobogatov) of very small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs or micromolluscs. These genera were previously included in the polyphyletic family Skeneidae. They belong within the clade Vetigastropoda, and the superfamily Trochoidea.
Genera
Conjectura Finlay, 1926
Conradia A. Adams, 1860
Crossea A. Adams, 1865
Crosseola Iredale, 1924
Crossolida Rubio & Rolán, 2019
References
Golikov, A. N.; Starobogatov, Ya. I. (1987). Sistema otriada Cerithiiformes i ego polozhenie v podklasse Pectinibranchia [Systematics of the order Cerithiiformes and its position within the subclass Pectinibranchia]. Vsesoiuznoe soveshchanie po izucheniiu molliuskov [Leningrad]. 8: 23−28.
Hickman, C. S. (2013). Crosseolidae, a new family of skeneiform microgastropods and progress toward definition of monophyletic Skeneidae. American Malacological Bulletin. 31(1): 1-16
Bouchet P., Rocroi J.P., Hausdorf B., Kaim A., Kano Y., Nützel A., Parkhaev P., Schrödl M. & Strong E.E. (2017). Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia. 61(1-2): 1-526
External links
Hickman C.S. (2013) Crosseolidae, a new family of skeneiform microgastropods and progress toward definition of monophyletic Skeneidae. American Malacological Bulletin 31(1): 1-16 (abstract)
Trochoidea (superfamily)
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17694568
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IV%20%28The%20Stranglers%20album%29
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IV (The Stranglers album)
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IV is a compilation album by the Stranglers, released on 24 September 1980 on I.R.S. Records and only available in the US and Canada.
The Stranglers previous album, The Raven, had not been released in the US. IV contained, on side one, a selection of tracks from The Raven. Side two contained the following tracks, which were previously unreleased on any Stranglers album: "5 Minutes" and "Rok It to the Moon" (1978 UK single), "Vietnamerica" (which was later released as the B-side to the 1981 "Let Me Introduce You to the Family" UK single), "G.m.B.H" (an extended version of the 1980 UK single "Bear Cage", which was unavailable elsewhere) and "Who Wants the World?" (1980 UK single). The previously unreleased "Vietnamerica" was written and recorded during sessions for The Raven.
The original release also came with a free single containing "Choosey Susie" (from the 1977 UK single free with the Rattus Norvegicus album), "Straighten Out" (b-side to the 1977 UK Single "Something Better Change") plus "Ode to Joy / Do The European" (a live Jean-Jacques Burnel solo track, unavailable elsewhere until the 1992 CD release of his first solo album Euroman Cometh), and "White Room", a Cream cover from the Nosferatu album by Hugh Cornwell and Robert Williams.
Track listing
Note
The extended version of "G.m.B.H" is not the full six-and-a-half-minute version of the track as it is faded out earlier, lasting just under four minutes.
Free single
Personnel
Credits adapted from the album liner notes.
The Stranglers
Hugh Cornwell – guitar, vocals
Jean-Jacques Burnel – bass, vocals
Dave Greenfield – keyboards
Jet Black – Drums
Technical
The Stranglers – production (1-5, 8-10)
Alan Winstanley – production (1-5), engineering (1-7)
Martin Rushent – production (6, 7)
Steve Churchyard – production (9), engineering (1-5, 8, 9)
Gary Edwards – engineering (10)
Laurence Diana – engineering (10)
John Pasche – art direction
Shoot That Tiger! – design
Phil Jude – cover photography
References
External links
Albums produced by Alan Winstanley
Albums produced by Martin Rushent
1980 compilation albums
The Stranglers compilation albums
I.R.S. Records compilation albums
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18674980
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrey%20Korneyev
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Andrey Korneyev
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Andrey Korneyev (; 10 January 1974 – 2 May 2014) was a breaststroke swimmer from Russia, who won the bronze medal in the men's 200 m breaststroke event at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, United States. A year earlier he captured the gold medal in the same event at the 1995 European Championships in Vienna, Austria.
Korneyev died on 2 May 2014 of cancer in Moscow at the age of 40.
References
Other sources
1974 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from cancer in Russia
Russian male swimmers
Male breaststroke swimmers
Olympic swimmers of Russia
Olympic bronze medalists for Russia
Swimmers at the 1996 Summer Olympics
World record setters in swimming
Olympic bronze medalists in swimming
Medalists at the FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m)
European Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming
People from Omsk
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Goodwill Games medalists in swimming
Competitors at the 1998 Goodwill Games
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65557319
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inca%20Garcilaso%20de%20la%20Vega%20University
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Inca Garcilaso de la Vega University
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The Inca Garcilaso de la Vega University (UIGV) is a private university located in the city of Lima, Peru. Founded on December 21, 1964, during the first government of President Fernando Belaúnde Terry. He is currently in the period of cessation of activities due to the fact that the Superintendencia Nacional de Educación Superior Universitaria (Sunedu) denied his licensing.
History
The Inca Garcilaso de la Vega University was created in December 1964 by Supreme Decree No. 74 and 26-A. It took the name of the Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, a writer and historian of Hispanic-Inca descent considered the "first biological and spiritual mestizo of America".
Initially the university functioned as a pedagogical university, then having six faculties, but over the years it expanded its educational offer reaching a total of ten faculties that taught seventeen undergraduate degrees. In 1992, it began its undergraduate study program distance learning, and in 2010 he opened a graduate school that offered up to fifteen master's degrees and seven doctoral programs.
Currently, the university has thirteen faculties and one graduate school. In total, it offers 48 undergraduate degrees, 38 master's degrees, and 11 doctorates, in addition to 24 second-specialty programs.
On October 10, 2019, the Superintendencia Nacional de Educación Superior Universitaria (Sunedu) denied his licensing due to non-compliance with various basic quality conditions. For this reason, the university must cease its activities within a period of two years, counted from the following academic semester.
In May 2020, Sunedu extended to five years (three additional) the deadline for the cessation of academic activities of all universities with a denied license, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, during this period said houses of study will not be able to carry out admission processes.
Organization
Campus
The university currently has six campuses in the city of Lima.
Academic areas
School of Administrative Sciences
Administrative Sciences
School of Pharmaceutical and Biochemical Sciences
Pharmaceutical and Biochemical Sciences
School of Foreign Trade and International Relations
Port and Customs Management
International Logistics
International Relations and Negotiations
School of Law and Political Science
Law
School of Nursing
Nursing
School of Stomatology
Stomatology
School of Administrative and Industrial Engineering
Engineering management
Industrial engineering
School of Psychology and Social Work
Psychology
Social Work
School of Medical technology
Physical therapy and Rehabilitation
Notable alumni
Luis Alva Castro, (economist, former Vice President, former Prime Minister)
Valia Barak (journalist and TV presenter)
María Teresa Cabrera (lawyer, former Congresswoman)
Omar Chehade (lawyer, Congressman)
Arlette Contreras (lawyer, activist, Congresswoman, included in the TIME 100 list of the most influential people)
José Lecaros (lawyer, President of the Supreme Court)
Ana Rosa Liendo (actress, storyteller and radio host)
Agustín Mantilla† (economist, sociologist, former Congressman and Minister of the Interior)
Daniel Maurate (lawyer, former Minister of Labor and Employment Promotion)
Carlos Morán (lawyer, General in retreat of the National Police of Peru, former Minister of the Interior)
Álvaro Ugaz† (journalist and TV presenter)
Vicente Zeballos (lawyer, former President of the Council of Ministers)
César Zumaeta (economist, former Congressman and President of the Congress)
See also
Education in Peru
List of universities in Peru
References
External links
Official Web site
Universities in Peru
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6358113
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Right%20to%20Bare%20Arms
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The Right to Bare Arms
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The Right to Bare Arms is an album by American comedian Larry the Cable Guy, released on March 29, 2005 on Warner Music Nashville. It has been certified platinum by the RIAA. It was recorded live at the Verizon Wireless Theater (now Revention Music Center) in Houston, Texas on January 15 and 16, 2005.
As of 2014, sales in the United States have exceeded 960,000 copies, according to Nielsen SoundScan.
Track listing
All material written by Larry the Cable Guy.
"Git-R-Done!" – 1:20
"Midgets and Gay Bars" – 0:48
"WWJD" – 2:20
"Las Vegas" – 4:07
"Hank Williams Jr. High School" – 1:51
"Hooters and Hooters Airlines" – 4:38
"Dodge Truck, Retards and Stinkbait" – 1:49
"NASCAR" – 3:07
"The Right to Bare Arms!" – 4:07
"Family in Sanford" – 4:19
"Faith Healers and Weight Problems" – 4:02
"Romance and Imported Rubbers (I Seen This on TV... No Lie)" – 6:35
"Throwed Outta Penney's" – 1:01
"Shavin', Waxin', Primpin' and Shootin' Quail! (This Is Funny, I Don't Care Who Ya Are!)" – 3:24
"News Items" – 1:25
"Song for a Friend (And Other Things I Think About When I'm Hammered at 4 A.M.)" – 4:13
"Toddler Mail" – 7:04
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
References
Larry the Cable Guy albums
2005 live albums
Warner Records live albums
2000s comedy albums
Live comedy albums
Spoken word albums by American artists
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38772298
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeological%20looting%20in%20Romania
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Archaeological looting in Romania
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Archaeological looting in Romania refers to illegal digging and removal of ancient artifacts from archaeological sites in Romania in order to be sold on the black market of antiquities in Western Europe and the United States.
Notable among the treasure looted are two dozen Dacian bracelets which were dug up and stolen around 1999-2001 from the archeological site at Sarmizegetusa Regia. Twelve of which were recovered by the Romanian state and at least another twelve are still missing.
Looting groups
In Romania, unauthorized digs are illegal around the areas designated archeological sites. Some looters use flocks of sheep in order to justify their presence in the area: they camp near the archeological sites and use donkeys to carry their equipment.
In 2009, twelve looters (among which Iulian Ceia) were convicted to between 7 and 12 years in jail for looting Dacian bracelets and selling them on the international black market; they have however appealed and the trial is still ongoing.
In 2012, four looters (Liviu Darius Baci, Mircea Mihăilă, Florin Sebastian Zvîncă, Romică Hîndorean) were sent to trial for looting from Sarmisegetusa Regia between 1998 and 2009. They looted 3600 Greek coins (estimated at €3,794,550), a necklace (estimated at €100,000) and 35 Roman denarii (from Dâncu Mare).
Artifacts looted
Dacian bracelets
The golden bracelets, weighing between 800 and 1200 grams each, were discovered by looters in the Sarmisegetusa Regia Dacian fortress (UNESCO World Heritage site) in the Orăștie Mountains and they were illegally exported. They were recovered by the Romanian authorities from the international market through a collaboration with the German authorities.
Dacian coins
Following the looting, gold Koson coins have been dispersed around the world, being sold at coin auctions. The Romanian police began an international investigation which resulted in seizures in Hamburg and London (2010) and Dublin (2011), the source of the two coins seized in the Dublin auction being a New York auction. Such coins have an estimated value of €800 each. The Romanian authorities have so far, recovered 700 gold Kosons and 202 silver Kosons.
A treasure containing 3600 Greek coins (bearing the names of Lysimachus, Pharnakes and Asander) weighing 30 kg was looted in August 1998 from the Sarmizegetusa Regia site of Șesu Căprăreței. It was taken illegally out of the country and sold on the Triton III auction (November/December 1999) in the United States.
The Romanian authorities recovered only 28 Lysimachus coins.
On 21 May 2013 three Lysimachus coins minted on Tomis and Callatis were recovered from looters among other Roman and medieval coins.
Other artifacts
In 2009, the Romanian authorities recovered from Germany an ancient golden necklace with pendants that has been looted around 2002-2003 from the archeological site of Dacian fortress of Căpâlna. The authorities also recovered three royal Dacian iron shields.
References
Archaeological theft
Archaeology of Romania
Crime in Romania
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14042140
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinoline-4-carboxylate%202-oxidoreductase
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Quinoline-4-carboxylate 2-oxidoreductase
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In enzymology, a quinoline-4-carboxylate 2-oxidoreductase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
quinoline-4-carboxylate + acceptor + H2O 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-4-carboxylate + reduced acceptor
The 3 substrates of this enzyme are quinoline-4-carboxylate, acceptor, and H2O, whereas its two products are 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-4-carboxylate and reduced acceptor.
This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-CH group of donor with other acceptors. The systematic name of this enzyme class is quinoline-4-carboxylate:acceptor 2-oxidoreductase (hydroxylating). Other names in common use include quinaldic acid 4-oxidoreductase, and quinoline-4-carboxylate:acceptor 2-oxidoreductase (hydroxylating).
References
EC 1.3.99
Enzymes of unknown structure
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38742727
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount%20Bosnek
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Mount Bosnek
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Mount Bosnek (, ) is the ice-covered peak rising to in the west part of Voden Heights on Oscar II Coast in Graham Land. It is situated between two southeastwards flowing tributaries to Fleece Glacier. The feature is named after the settlement of Bosnek in Western Bulgaria.
Location
Mount Bosnek is located at , which is 4.04 km south of Mount Zadruga, 30.53 km west of Peleg Peak, 9 km north of Moider Peak, and 18.6 km northeast of Kyulevcha Nunatak. British mapping in 1976.
Maps
British Antarctic Territory. Scale 1:200000 topographic map. DOS 610 Series, Sheet W 65 62. Directorate of Overseas Surveys, Tolworth, UK, 1976.
Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated.
Notes
References
Mount Bosnek. SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer.
Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)
External links
Mount Bosnek. Copernix satellite image
Bosnek
Oscar II Coast
Bulgaria and the Antarctic
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8484755
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open%20Season%20%282006%20film%29
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Open Season (2006 film)
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Open Season is a 2006 American computer-animated comedy film, directed by Roger Allers and Jill Culton from a screenplay by Steve Bencich, Ron J. Friedman, and Nat Mauldin. The film stars the voices of Martin Lawrence, Ashton Kutcher, Gary Sinise, Debra Messing, Billy Connolly, Jon Favreau, Georgia Engel, Jane Krakowski, Gordon Tootoosis, and Patrick Warburton. Its plot follows Boog, a domesticated grizzly bear who teams up with an amnesiac one-antlered mule deer named Elliot and other woodland animals to defeat human hunters.
Open Season was produced by Sony Pictures Animation as its debut film, and was released to theaters by Columbia Pictures under Sony Pictures Releasing on September 29, 2006. It has also been released in the IMAX 3D format. A video game for the film was released on multiple platforms.
Despite receiving mixed reviews from film critics, the film was positively welcomed from audiences and was a box office success, earning $200.8 million on an $85 million budget and was followed by three direct-to-video sequels: Open Season 2 (2008), Open Season 3 (2010), and Open Season: Scared Silly (2016).
Plot
In the small town of Timberline, a 900-pound (408 kg) grizzly bear named Boog enjoys a captive but luxurious existence and spends his days as the star attraction of the town's nature show, while at night living in the garage of park ranger Beth, who has raised Boog since he was a cub. One day, the cold-hearted hunting fanatic Shaw drives into Timberline with a one-antlered mule deer named Elliot strapped to the hood of his truck, who is unconscious after being hit by the truck. When Boog meets him, he discovers that he has memory loss, thinks he's lonely, and forgets about the accident. After he frees him, the deer follows Boog home, only to find Boog sleeping comfortably in the garage. To wake Boog up, Elliot throws rabbits at the window. He tells Boog to be "free" from his garage captivity and introduces him to a world of sweet temptations he has never known. When Boog becomes sick from eating too many candy bars, events quickly spiral out of control, as the two raid a convenience store. Elliot escapes before Boog is caught by a friend of Beth's, Sheriff Gordy. At the nature show, Elliot, being chased by Shaw, sees Boog and goes to him for help, but wanting nothing to do with him after their previous encounter, Boog tries to get rid of him. The audience sees and mistakes him for attacking Elliot and they go into panic.
Shaw attempts to shoot Boog and Elliot, but Beth sedates both animals with a tranquilizer gun just before Shaw fires his own gun. Shaw flees before Gordy can arrest him. Realizing that Boog is too threatening in the town, Beth relocates him and Elliot into the Timberline National Forest, only two days before open season starts, but they are relocated above the waterfalls, where they will be safe from the hunters. Since he lacks any outdoor survival skills, Boog reluctantly takes Elliot as his unstable guide to get him back home to Timberline to reunite with Beth, but in the woods, they quickly learn that animals can be extremely unwelcoming. Boog runs into a lot of forest animals who think he’s a loser, including skunks Maria and Rosie, ducks Serge and Deni, various unnamed panic-stricken rabbits, the Scottish-accented squirrel McSquizzy and his loyal gang of fellow acorn-throwing squirrels, beaver Reilly and his construction worker team, a porcupine named Buddy who is in search of a friend, and a herd of deer led by Ian and Giselle, whom Elliot is in love with and quickly remembers.
Eventually, Boog learns about self-reliance and Elliot gains self-confidence, and they start to become friends. The next day, it is revealed that Elliot has absolutely no idea where he and Boog are going and has been leading Boog in a big circle, due to his memory loss. After accidentally causing a flood at Reilly's dam, Boog and Elliot are confronted by Shaw; Boog rescues his toy bear, Dinkleman, before the current makes the doll float out of Boog's paw. They end up in a waterfall, which sends the animals falling down into the hunting grounds. After thinking Shaw is dead, at first all the animals are furious at Boog for pushing them into the hunting ground, but then he accuses Elliot of lying to him about knowing where Timberline is. Boog angrily storms off, but unwittingly ends up in Shaw's log cabin, where he is discovered by Shaw, who is revealed to have survived, while Boog manages to make a hasty escape before Shaw could get him when he ends up to the city road where Boog happens upon the glowing lights of Timberline. Instead of deserting the animals, Boog reconciles with Elliot and helps the animals defend themselves, while befriending them in the process, using supplies taken from an RV owned by a caring married couple named Bob and Bobbie, who are looking for Bigfoot, while their pet dachshund Mr. Weenie joins the forest animals.
The next day, Boog leads a revolution against the hunters, causing the hunters to retreat in defeat after McSquizzy blows up their trucks with a propane tank ignited by using an emergency flare. Shaw returns for a final showdown and seemingly kills Elliot by gun shot, prompting Boog to furiously confront Shaw and quickly overpower him by tying him up with his own gun. Boog accompanies Elliot, who survived and with his memory back but his remaining antler is broken off by the shot. The forest animals thank Boog for his help and then proceed to take out their vengeance on Shaw by smothering him with honey and pillow feathers and sending him fleeing into the woods. Beth later returns in a helicopter to take Boog back home. Realizing how the experience has changed him, Boog decides to stay in the forest with his new friends under Beth's blessing.
In a mid-credits scene, while crossing the street, Shaw suddenly gets struck by Bob and Bobbie, who humorously mistake him for Bigfoot and strap him on top of their trailer. Unable to escape, Shaw shouts. The camera zooms into his mouth and the rest of the credits appear.
Cast
Martin Lawrence as Boog, a 900 pound pampered grizzly bear.
Ashton Kutcher as Elliot, a hyperactive and dim-witted but fast-talking mule deer who got his antler broken off and has temporary amnesia after being hit by Shaw's truck. He is Boog's best friend.
Gary Sinise as Shaw, the nastiest hunter in Timberline and Beth's arch-rival.
Debra Messing as Beth, a park ranger who had raised Boog since he was a cub.
Billy Connolly as McSquizzy, a grumpy elderly eastern gray squirrel with a Scottish accent.
Jon Favreau as Reilly, a diligent North American beaver.
Georgia Engel as Bobbie, a friendly but dim-witted hippie woman who is Mr. Weenie's owner.
Bobbie's husband, Bob, is unvoiced.
Jane Krakowski as Giselle, a beautiful mule deer doe, a victim of Ian's stalking and Elliot's love interest .
Gordon Tootoosis as Gordy, Timberline's sheriff and Beth's friend.
Patrick Warburton as Ian, a large, intimidating mule deer stag and the alpha of his herd.
Cody Cameron as Mr. Weenie, Bob and Bobbie's domesticated German-accented dachshund.
Danny Mann as Serge, a French-accented mallard duck.
Maddie Taylor as Deni, a mute and insane but brave mallard duck and Serge's brother / Buddy, a blue North American porcupine who searches for friends.
Nika Futterman as Rosie, a striped skunk with a Mexican accent.
Michelle Murdocca as Maria, a striped skunk who is Rosie's identical twin.
Fergal Reilly as O'Toole, a beaver and one of Reilly's men.
Production
The ideas for Open Season came from cartoonist Steve Moore, who is known for his comic strip In the Bleachers. Moore and producer John Carls submitted the story to Sony in June 2002, and the film immediately went into development. On February 29, 2004, Sony Pictures Animation announced the beginning of the production on Open Season, its first CGI animated film.
The film location was inspired by the towns of Sun Valley, Idaho and McCall, Idaho, and the Sawtooth National Forest. References to the Lawn Lake, Colorado, Dam flood, Longs Peak, and other points of interest in the area are depicted in the film.
The Sony animation team developed a digital tool called shapers that allowed the animators to reshape the character models into stronger poses and silhouettes and subtle distortions such as squash, stretch, and smears, typical of traditional, hand drawn animation.
To choose the voice cast, Culton blindly listened to audition tapes, unknowingly picking Lawrence and Kutcher for the lead roles. Their ability to improvise significantly contributed to the creative process. "They really became meshed with the characters", said Culton. Until the film's premiere, Lawrence and Kutcher never met during production.
Reception
Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 48% based on 101 reviews with an average rating of 5.4/10. The site's consensus reads: "Open Season is a clichéd palette of tired jokes and CGI animal shenanigans that have been seen multiple times this cinematic year." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 49 out of 100 based on 18 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A–" on an A+ to F scale.
Kevin Smith gave the film a thumbs up during an appearance as a guest critic on Ebert and Roeper, saying: "If your kids like poop jokes as much as I do, Open Season will put a big smile on their faces". However, Richard Roeper gave the film a thumbs down, saying, "It's just okay, the animation is uninspired".
Box office
Open Season opened number one with $23 million on its opening weekend. It grossed $88.6 million in the United States and $112.2 million in foreign countries, making $200.8 million worldwide. The film was released in the United Kingdom on October 13, 2006, and opened at number three, behind The Departed and The Devil Wears Prada.
Accolades
The film was nominated for six Annie Awards, including Best Animated Feature (lost to Cars), Best Animated Effects, Best Character Design in a Feature Production, Best Production Design in a Feature Production, and Best Storyboarding in a Feature Production.
Home media
Open Season was released on VHS and DVD, Blu-ray, and UMD Video on January 30, 2007. It includes an animated short called Boog and Elliot's Midnight Bun Run. The film was later released to 3D Blu-ray on November 16, 2010.
Video game
A video game based on the film was released on September 18, 2006, for PlayStation 2, Xbox, Xbox 360, Nintendo DS, Nintendo Gamecube, Game Boy Advance, PlayStation Portable, and Microsoft Windows. For Wii, it was released on November 19, 2006, together with the console's launch.
Music
The soundtrack includes an original film score by Ramin Djawadi and several original songs by Paul Westerberg, formerly of The Replacements. Rolling Stone gave the film's soundtrack three stars out of five, as did Allmusic.
Open Season—Original Motion Picture Soundtrack (10″ LP) includes two songs that did not appear on the soundtrack CD: an alternative version of "I Belong" and Paul Westerberg's own version of "Wild as I Wanna Be".
Sequels
Open Season was followed by three direct-to-video sequels: Open Season 2 (2008), Open Season 3 (2010), and Open Season: Scared Silly (2015). A majority of the characters' voices were recast, with Michelle Murdocca (Maria) being the only cast member to appear in all sequels.
References
External links
2006 films
2006 animated films
2006 computer-animated films
2000s 3D films
3D animated films
2000s American animated films
American 3D films
American computer-animated films
American films
Animated films about bears
Columbia Pictures animated films
Columbia Pictures films
Films scored by Ramin Djawadi
Films directed by Roger Allers
Films produced by Michelle Murdocca
Films set in forests
Grizzly bears in popular culture
IMAX films
Sony Pictures Animation films
2006 directorial debut films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rax-Schneeberg%20Group
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Rax-Schneeberg Group
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The Rax-Schneeberg Group () is a mountain range in the Northern Limestone Alps on the Styrian-Lower Austrian border in Austria.
Location
According to the official classification of the Eastern Alps by the Alpine Club (Alpenvereinseinteilung der Ostalpen), the Rax-Schneeberg Group is bounded by the following divisions to neighbouring groups of mountains:
to the north by the Klostertaler Gscheid – Klausgraben – Mamauwiese – Sebastiansbach – Puchberg
to the northeast by the valley of the River Sierning as far as Ternitz
to the south by the line: Ternitz – Schwarza near Gloggnitz – Schottwien – Semmering – Mürzzuschlag – Mürz near Kapellen
to the west by the Altenberg valley – Naßkamm – Naßbach – Schwarza – Voisbach as far as the Klostertaler Gscheid.
Summits
The highest point in the limestone massif of the Schneeberg is the Klosterwappen at . Its nearby twin peak is known as the Kaiserstein (). The two summits are the highest mountains in the state of Lower Austria. The highest two elevations in the Rax massif are the Heukuppe at 2,007 m and the Scheibwaldhöhe at 1,943 m.
Other peaks are the Große Scheibe (1,473 m), the Tratenkogel (1,565 m), the Ochnerhöhe (1,403 m) and the Kreuzberg (1,084 m).
Protected areas
The Rax Alpine region, together with the Schneealpe and Schneeberg belong to the river source protected area (Quellschutzgebiet) of the First Vienna Mountain Spring Pipeline (I. Wiener Hochquellenwasserleitung). The Schneeberg and Rax are separated by the Höllental valley and are two of Vienna's "local mountains" or Hausberge.
The Schneeberg and Rax lie within the Northeastern Border Alps: Hohe Wand-Schneeberg-Rax Special Area of Conservation (FFH-Gebiet Nordöstliche Randalpen: Hohe Wand-Schneeberg-Rax).
Schneeberg Railway
The Schneeberg has been linked for over 100 years by the Schneeberg Railway (Schneebergbahn), a cog railway that climbs to a height of 1,800 m. The twin peaks may be reached from the valley station in one to two hours. The footpath runs eastwards over the Hengst or westwards through the Fadenwände.
There are trails to the Rax from the mountain spa of Puchberg am Schneeberg, and from the wild Höllental valley to the south. In addition the Schneeberg may be approached from Payerbach, Prigglitz and Reichenau via the Gahns.
References
External links
Bergsteigen.at: information about scrambling tours and huts in the Schneeberg/Rax region
Mountain ranges of the Alps
Northern Limestone Alps
Mountain ranges of Lower Austria
Mountain ranges of Styria
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20Gibbs%20%28cricketer%29
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Jack Gibbs (cricketer)
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Jack Gibbs (born 3 June 2000) is an English cricketer. He made his first-class debut on 31 March 2019, for Cardiff MCCU against Sussex, as part of the Marylebone Cricket Club University fixtures. Prior to his first-class debut, he played Second XI cricket for Gloucestershire and was part of the ECB Elite Player programme. In 2017, he was named the under-17 bowler of the year by the Devon Cricket Board.
References
External links
2000 births
Living people
English cricketers
Cardiff MCCU cricketers
Cricketers from Birmingham, West Midlands
English cricketers of the 21st century
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24339990
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala%20francisca
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Catocala francisca
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Catocala francisca or Catocala hermia francisca is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in California.
Adults are on wing from June to September depending on the location. There is probably one generation per year.
References
External links
Species info
Images
Moths described in 1880
francisca
Moths of North America
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63669839
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMP%20Building%2C%20Sydney
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AMP Building, Sydney
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The AMP Building is a high rise office block in the Sydney central business district on the corner of Alfred, Phillip and Young Streets.
History
In 1958, the AMP Society announced plans to build a new headquarters in the Sydney central business district on the corner of Alfred, Phillip and Young Streets. It was the tallest building in Australia, being opened on 23 November 1962 by Prime Minister Robert Menzies. It had an observation deck on its roof.
References
External links
Buildings and structures in Sydney
Office buildings completed in 1962
1962 establishments in Australia
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20086462
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleasant%20Hill%2C%20Alabama
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Pleasant Hill, Alabama
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Pleasant Hill is an unincorporated community in Dallas County, Alabama.
History
The community began as a trading post called Fort Rascal prior to the Indian removal. It gained a post office in 1828 and the name was changed to Pleasant Hill. The community was visited by Philip Henry Gosse, an English naturalist, for an eight-month period in 1838 when he taught school for Reuben Saffold, a planter who owned Belvoir and ajustice of the Supreme Court of Alabama. His studies and drawings of the flora and fauna of the area and his recollections of slavery were later published in his book Letters from Alabama. Pleasant Hill has one site included on the National Register of Historic Places, the Pleasant Hill Presbyterian Church. It has several sites listed on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage and one nearby, Belvoir.
Demographics
Pleasant Hill was listed on the 1880 U.S. Census as having a population of 193.
Notable people
Sidney Johnston Catts, 22nd Governor of Florida
Johnnie Cowan, infielder in Negro league baseball
References
Unincorporated communities in Alabama
Unincorporated communities in Dallas County, Alabama
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister%20President%20of%20Lower%20Saxony
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Minister President of Lower Saxony
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The Minister President of Lower Saxony (), also referred to as Premier or Prime Minister, is the head of government of the German state of Lower Saxony. The position was created in 1946, when the states of Brunswick, Oldenburg, Schaumburg-Lippe and the State of Hanover were merged to form the state of Lower Saxony. The current Minister President is Stephan Weil, heading a coalition government between the Social Democrats and the CDU. Weil succeeded David McAllister following the 2013 state election.
The office of the Minister President is known as the State Chancellery (), and is located in the capital of Hanover, along with the rest of the cabinet departments.
The state of Lower Saxony sees itself in the tradition notably of the Kingdom of Hanover, having adopted many of its symbols. For the predecessor office in the Kingdom of Hanover, see Privy Council of Hanover. The head of the Privy Council held the title Minister President.
Title
The German title Ministerpräsident may be translated literally as Minister-President, although the state government sometimes uses the title Prime Minister in English. Further, some third parties refer to the position in this fashion.
An alternate English translation is Premier, the title given to heads of state governments in other federal systems such as Australia, Canada and South Africa.
Origin of the office
After the Second World War, the states of Brunswick, Oldenburg, Schaumburg-Lippe and the State of Hanover were administered as part of the zone allocated to the British military administration. With the passage of time, the British government began to back the advocates of a merger of the states. Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf, who went on to become Lower Saxony's first Minister President, was a fervent advocate of the merger towards the British military authorities. On 23 October 1946, the British administration announced that they would support a merger of the states, as proposed by Kopf.
Consequently, the four states were merged to form the state of Lower Saxony via Ordinance No. 55 of 1 November 1946. Article 3 of the Ordinance created the position of Minister President:
"Subject to the provisions of any legislation which may be enacted pursuant to this Ordinance, the executive authority of Lower Saxony shall be exercised by a Cabinet, the Head of which shall be known as 'Ministerpräsident'"
Article 4 of Ordinance No. 55 stipulated the appointment of the Minister President by the military government, until the holding of free Legislative Assembly elections in 1947. The British military administration then appointed Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf, the erstwhile Minister President of the former State of Hanover, to serve as the first Minister President of Lower Saxony.
Constitutional practice
Election and removal
The Minister President is elected by the Legislative Assembly, by a majority of its members in a secret ballot. However, he does not have to be a Member of the Legislative Assembly. The only restriction is that the Minister President may not be a Member of the Bundestag. Before assuming his duties, the Minister President-elect takes the following oath before the Members of the Legislative Assembly:
"I swear that I will devote my strength to the people and the state, preserve and defend the Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany and the constitution of Lower Saxony as well as the laws, perform my duties conscientiously and exercise justice towards all people." (The oath may be taken with or without the affirmation "So help me God")
Upon election, the Minister President then appoints his Cabinet which requires subsequent confirmation by the Legislative Assembly. In practical terms, the confirmation of the cabinet is an essential requirement for the Minister President to govern, as until then the cabinet departments would be run by the (possibly defeated) predecessors. The Minister President can be removed by the Legislative Assembly, through a constructive vote of no confidence – namely the election of a successor. To this day, no vote of no-confidence has succeeded in the Lower Saxony Legislative Assembly, with the last attempt being made in November 1988.
Powers and status
According to the Lower Saxony Constitution, the Minister President is the effective leader of the State Government, being responsible for the determination and formulation of policy guidelines. In this context, he chairs the cabinet meetings and may cast a tie-breaking vote in case of a stalemate between the ministers. Additionally, the Minister President also represents the State of Lower Saxony externally and exercises the right of clemency in individual criminal cases. In titular terms, the Minister President is also regarded as head of the state of Lower Saxony, thereby taking precedence over officials like the Speaker of the Lower Saxony Legislative Assembly.
The Minister President, like the other members of the State Government, is not a civil servant—his salary is regulated by law. Like his ministers, the Minister President is subject to the Lower Saxony Ministers Act, which regulates matters of salary, confidentiality and ethics. Furthermore, the Minister President signs treaties made by the State of Lower Saxony and has to be consulted by other cabinet members prior to the start of any negotiations. The Minister President is also authorized to appoint one of his cabinet members as his deputy in case of absence or illness. The only currently known instance of a Deputy Minister President taking over the duties of Minister President was in July 2010, when Jörg Bode (FDP) served as Acting Minister President in the interval between Christian Wulff's election as President of Germany and David McAllister's confirmation as Minister President on 1 July 2010. Meetings of the Cabinet traditionally take place in the guesthouse of the Lower Saxony Government, located close to the Hanover Zoological Gardens.
The role of the State Chancellery
The Minister President of Lower Saxony, like his fellow Minister President in their respective states, has the staff of the State Chancellery at his disposal. The State Chancellery assists the Minister President in the preparation of draft legislation, the management of day-to-day government business and the coordination of media policy for the entire state. Additionally, it is responsible for relations to the other states in Germany and the European Union.
The State Chancellery, by convention, is headed by a state secretary appointed by the Minister President. The current incumbent is Jörg Mielke. Under the McAllister administration, the State Chancellery was divided into four overall departments (Department 1: Policy Guidelines, Department 2: Legal/Administration/Media, Department 3: Europe/International Cooperation, Department 4: Lower Saxony Representation to the Federal Government). While each of these departments is headed by a separate section head, the Press and Information Office is under the direct purview of the Minister President.
Role in German politics
As the leader of one of Germany's territorially largest and most populous states, the Minister President of Lower Saxony has traditionally been a major player in federal politics: The state's first Minister President, Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf often used the Bundesrat as a forum to oppose the policies of the Adenauer government. Alfred Kubel, one of Kopf's successors, played a major role in negotiating a compromise between all German states on the creation of a national fiscal transfer mechanism (Länderfinanzausgleich). Minister President Ernst Albrecht, contrary to prevailing majority opinion in his own party, advocated and voted for the ratification of the treaties around which Willy Brandt's Ostpolitik was centred.
Ernst Albrecht was a candidate for the CDU nomination for President in 1979 and Chancellor in 1980, Gerhard Schröder became Chancellor of Germany in 1998, his successor Sigmar Gabriel served as the Vice-Chancellor of Germany between 2013 and 2018 and Christian Wulff was elected President of Germany in 2010. Examples of Lower Saxony's influence on policy debates in federal politics include Ernst Albrecht's advocacy of financial transfers from other states and Gerhard Schröder's usage of Lower Saxony's Bundesrat votes in matters of fiscal and tax policy.
List
State of Lower Saxony
Political party:
References
External links
State Chancellery
Saxony, Lower
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetic%20retinopathy
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Diabetic retinopathy
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Diabetic retinopathy, also known as diabetic eye disease (DED), is a medical condition in which damage occurs to the retina due to diabetes mellitus. It is a leading cause of blindness in developed countries.
Diabetic retinopathy affects up to 80 percent of those who have had diabetes for 20 years or more. At least 90% of new cases could be reduced with proper treatment and monitoring of the eyes. The longer a person has diabetes, the higher his or her chances of developing diabetic retinopathy. Each year in the United States, diabetic retinopathy accounts for 12% of all new cases of blindness. It is also the leading cause of blindness in people aged 20 to 64.
Signs and symptoms
Diabetic retinopathy often has no early warning signs. Even macular edema, which can cause rapid central vision loss, may not have any warning signs for some time. In general, however, a person with macular edema is likely to have blurred vision, making it hard to do things like read or drive. In some cases, the vision will get better or worse during the day.
The first stage, called non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), has no symptoms. Patients may not notice the signs and have 20/20 vision. The only way to detect NPDR is by fundus examination by direct or indirect ophthalmoscope by a trained ophthalmologist or optometrist, fundus photography can be used for objective documentation of the fundus findings, in which microaneurysms (microscopic blood-filled bulges in the artery walls) can be seen. If there is reduced vision, fluorescein angiography can show narrowing or blocked retinal blood vessels clearly (lack of blood flow or retinal ischemia).
Macular edema, in which blood vessels leak their contents into the macular region, can occur at any stage of NPDR. Its symptoms are blurred vision and darkened or distorted images that are not the same in both eyes. Ten percent (10%) of diabetic patients will have vision loss related to macular edema. Optical Coherence Tomography can show areas of
retinal thickening due to fluid accumulation from macular edema.
In the second stage, abnormal new blood vessels (neovascularisation) form at the back of the eye as part of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR); these can burst and bleed (vitreous hemorrhage) and blur the vision, because these new blood vessels are fragile. The first time this bleeding occurs, it may not be very severe. In most cases, it will leave just a few specks of blood, or spots floating in a person's visual field which may last for months.
These spots are often followed within a few days or weeks by a much greater leakage of blood, which blurs the vision. In extreme cases, a person may only be able to tell light from dark in that eye. It may take the blood anywhere from a few days to months or even years to clear from the inside of the eye, and in some cases the blood will not clear. These types of large hemorrhages tend to happen more than once.
On funduscopic exam, a doctor will see cotton wool spots, flame hemorrhages, and dot-blot hemorrhages.
Risk factors
All people with diabetes are at risk—those with Type I diabetes and those with Type II diabetes. The longer a person has had diabetes, the higher their risk of developing some ocular problem. Between 40 and 45 percent of Americans diagnosed with diabetes have some stage of diabetic retinopathy. After 20 years of diabetes, nearly all patients with Type I diabetes and >60% of patients with Type II diabetes have some degree of retinopathy; however, these statistics were published in 2002 using data from four years earlier, limiting the usefulness of the research. The subjects would have been diagnosed with diabetes in the late 1970s, before modern fast-acting insulin and home glucose testing.
Prior studies had also assumed a clear glycemic threshold between people at high and low risk of diabetic retinopathy.
Published rates vary between trials, the proposed explanation being differences in study methods and reporting of prevalence rather than incidence values.
During pregnancy, diabetic retinopathy may also be a problem for women with diabetes. The US National Institutes of Health recommends that all pregnant women with diabetes have comprehensive eye examination.
People with Down syndrome, who have extra chromosome 21 material, almost never acquire diabetic retinopathy. This protection appears to be due to the elevated levels of endostatin, an anti-angiogenic protein, derived from collagen XVIII. The collagen XVIII gene is located on chromosome 21.
Genetics also play a role in diabetic retinopathy. Genetic predisposition to diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes consists of many genetic variants across the genome that are collectively associated with diabetic retinopathy (polygenic risk) and overlaps with genetic risk for glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure.
Pathogenesis
Diabetic retinopathy is the result of damage to the small blood vessels and neurons of the retina. The earliest changes leading to diabetic retinopathy include narrowing of the retinal arteries associated with reduced retinal blood flow; dysfunction of the neurons of the inner retina, followed in later stages by changes in the function of the outer retina, associated with subtle changes in visual function; dysfunction of the blood-retinal barrier, which protects the retina from many substances in the blood (including toxins and immune cells), leading to the leaking of blood constituents into the retinal neuropile. Later, the basement membrane of the retinal blood vessels thickens, capillaries degenerate and lose cells, particularly pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells. This leads to loss of blood flow and progressive ischemia, and microscopic aneurysms which appear as balloon-like structures jutting out from the capillary walls, which recruit inflammatory cells; and advanced dysfunction and degeneration of the neurons and glial cells of the retina. The condition typically develops about 10–15 years after receiving the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.
An experimental study suggests that pericyte death is caused by blood glucose persistently activating protein kinase C and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which, through a series of intermediates, inhibits signaling through platelet-derived growth factor receptors — signaling that supports cellular survival, proliferation, and growth. The resulting withdrawal of this signaling leads to the programmed cell death (apoptosis) of the cells in this experimental model.
In addition, excessive sorbitol in diabetics is deposited on retina tissue and it is also proposed to play a role in diabetic retinopathy.
Small blood vessels – such as those in the eye – are especially vulnerable to poor blood sugar (blood glucose) control. An overaccumulation of glucose damages the tiny blood vessels in the retina. During the initial stage, called nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), most people do not notice any change in their vision. Early changes that are reversible and do not threaten central vision are sometimes termed background retinopathy.
A genetic study showed that diabetic retinopathy shares a similar genetic predisposition with levels of glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure, indicating that glycemic control and cardiometabolic factors may be important in the development of diabetic retinopathy.
Some people develop a condition called macular edema. It occurs when the damaged blood vessels leak fluid and lipids onto the macula, the part of the retina that lets us see detail. The fluid makes the macula swell, which blurs vision.
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy
As the disease progresses, severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy enters an advanced or proliferative (PDR) stage, where blood vessels proliferate/grow. The lack of oxygen in the retina causes formation of new fragile blood vessels to grow along the retina and in the clear, gel-like vitreous humour that fills the inside of the eye. Without timely treatment, these new blood vessels can bleed and cause cloudy vision, and destroy the retina. Fibrovascular proliferation can also cause tractional retinal detachment. The new blood vessels can also grow into the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye and cause neovascular glaucoma.
Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy shows up as cotton wool spots, or microvascular abnormalities or as superficial retinal hemorrhages. Even so, the advanced proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) can remain asymptomatic for a very long time, and so should be monitored closely with regular checkups.
Diagnosis
Diabetic retinopathy is detected during an eye examination that includes:
Visual acuity test: Uses an eye chart to measure how well a person sees at various distances (i.e., visual acuity).
Pupil dilation: The eye care professional places drops into the eye to dilate the pupil. This allows him or her to see more of the retina and look for signs of diabetic retinopathy. After the examination, close-up vision may remain blurred for several hours.
Ophthalmoscopy or fundus photography: Ophthalmoscopy is an examination of the retina in which the eye care professional: (1) looks through a slit lamp biomicroscope with a special magnifying lens that provides a narrow view of the retina, or (2) wearing a headset (indirect ophthalmoscope) with a bright light, looks through a special magnifying glass and gains a wide view of the retina. Hand-held ophthalmoscopy is insufficient to rule out significant and treatable diabetic retinopathy. Fundus photography generally captures considerably larger areas of the fundus, and has the advantage of photo documentation for future reference, as well as availing the image to be examined by a specialist at another location and/or time.
Fundus Fluorescein angiography (FFA): This is an imaging technique which relies on the circulation of fluorescein dye to show staining, leakage, or non-perfusion of the retinal and choroidal vasculature.
Retinal vessel analysis detects abnormalities of the autoregulation of small retinal arteries and veins in diabetic patients even before the manifestation of diabetic retinopathy. Such an impairment of retinal responsiveness is seen as one of the earliest markers of vascular dysfunction in diabetes possibly indicating subsequent risk of stroke.
Optical coherence tomography (OCT): This is an optical imaging modality based upon laser beam interference. It produces cross-sectional images of the retina (B-scans) which can be used to measure the thickness of the retina and to resolve its major layers, allowing the observation of swelling.
The eye care professional will look at the retina for early signs of the disease, such as:
leaking blood vessels,
retinal swelling, such as macular edema,
pale, fatty deposits on the retina (exudates)signs of leaking blood vessels,
damaged nerve tissue (neuropathy), and
any changes in the blood vessels.
If macular edema is suspected, OCT and sometimes retinal angiography (FFA) may be performed.
Diabetic retinopathy also affects microcirculation thorough the body. A recent study showed assessment of conjunctival microvascular hemodynamics such as vessel diameter, red blood cell velocity and wall shear stress can be useful for diagnosis and screening of diabetic retinopathy. Furthermore, the pattern of conjunctival microvessels was shown to be useful for rapid monitoring and diagnosis of different stages of diabetic retinopathy.
Google is testing a cloud algorithm that scans photos of the eye for signs of retinopathy. The algorithm still requires FDA approval.
According to a DRSS user manual, poor quality retina images used for screening (which may apply to other methods) may be caused by cataract, poor dilation, ptosis, external ocular condition, or learning difficulties. There may be artefacts caused by dust, dirt, condensation, or smudge.
Screening
In the UK, screening for diabetic retinopathy is part of the standard of care for people with diabetes. After one normal screening in people with diabetes, further screening is recommended every two years. In the UK, this is recommended every year. Teleophthalmology has been employed in these programs.
In The U.S, a current guideline for diabetic retinopathy is recommendation of annual dilated exams for all patients with diabetes.
There are barriers to recommended screening that is contributing to the disparity. Such as the patient factor which includes education about diabetic retinopathy and the availability of the treatment. The health care system also contributes to the disparities in diabetic screening, which includes insurance coverage, long waiting time for the appointment and difficulty scheduling appointments which makes the person less likely to screen. Provider factors also influence the barrier to screening which is a lack of awareness of the screening guidelines, skills or having the right tools to perform eye exams which can affect the diagnosis and treatment. A cross-sectional study showed that when physicians treating black patients had more difficulty providing proper subspecialty care and diagnostic imaging for the patients.
There is evidence to support interventions to improve attendance for diabetic retinopathy screening. These might be specifically targeted at diabetic retinopathy screening, or could be general strategies to improve diabetes care.
In addition, significant differences in genetic risk for diabetic retinopathy raises the possibility of risk stratification and screening targeted to individuals with high genetic risk for diabetic retinopathy in the population.
Management
There are three major treatments for diabetic retinopathy, which are very effective in reducing vision loss from this disease. In fact, even people with advanced retinopathy have a 95 percent chance of keeping their vision when they get treatment before the retina is severely damaged. These three treatments are laser surgery, injection of corticosteroids or anti-VEGF agents into the eye, and vitrectomy.
Although these treatments are very successful (in slowing or stopping further vision loss), they do not cure diabetic retinopathy. Caution should be exercised in treatment with laser surgery since it causes a loss of retinal tissue. It is often more prudent to inject triamcinolone or anti-VEGF drugs. In some patients it results in a marked increase of vision, especially if there is an edema of the macula.
Although commonly used in some parts of the world, it is unclear whether herbal medicine (for example, Ruscus extract and Radix Notoginseng extract) are of benefit to people with diabetic retinopathy.
Avoiding tobacco use and correction of associated hypertension are important therapeutic measures in the management of diabetic retinopathy.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been associated with a higher incidence of diabetic eye disease due to blood desaturation caused by intermittent upper airway obstructions. Treatment for OSA can help reduce the risk of diabetic complications.
The best way of preventing the onset and delaying the progression of diabetic retinopathy is to monitor it vigilantly and achieve optimal glycemic control.
Since 2008 there have been other therapies (e.g. kinase inhibitors and anti-VEGF) drugs available.
Laser photocoagulation
Laser photocoagulation can be used in two scenarios for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Firstly, It can be used to treat macular edema which was common before eye injections were introduced. and secondly, it can be used for treating whole retina (panretinal photocoagulation) for controlling neovascularization. It is widely used for early stages of proliferative retinopathy. There are different types of lasers and there is evidence available on their benefits to treat proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Modified grid laser
A 'C' shaped area around the macula is treated with low intensity small burns. This helps in clearing the macular edema.
Panretinal
Panretinal photocoagulation, or PRP (also called scatter laser treatment), is used to treat proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). The goal is to create 1,600 – 2,000 burns in the retina with the hope of reducing the retina's oxygen demand, and hence the possibility of ischemia. It is done in multiple sittings.
In treating advanced diabetic retinopathy, the burns are used to destroy the abnormal new blood vessels that form in the retina. This has been shown to reduce the risk of severe vision loss for eyes at risk by 50%.
Before using the laser, the ophthalmologist dilates the pupil and applies anaesthetic drops to numb the eye. In some cases, the doctor also may numb the area behind the eye to reduce discomfort. The patient sits facing the laser machine while the doctor holds a special lens on the eye. The physician can use a single spot laser, a pattern scan laser for two dimensional patterns such as squares, rings and arcs, or a navigated laser which works by tracking retinal eye movements in real time. During the procedure, the patient will see flashes of light. These flashes often create an uncomfortable stinging sensation for the patient. After the laser treatment, patients should be advised not to drive for a few hours while the pupils are still dilated. Vision will most likely remain blurry for the rest of the day. Though there should not be much pain in the eye itself, an ice-cream headache like pain may last for hours afterwards.
Patients will lose some of their peripheral vision after this surgery although it may be barely noticeable by the patient. The procedure does however save the center of the patient's sight. Laser surgery may also slightly reduce colour and night vision.
A person with proliferative retinopathy will always be at risk for new bleeding, as well as glaucoma, a complication from the new blood vessels. This means that multiple treatments may be required to protect vision.
Medications
Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide
Triamcinolone is a long acting steroid preparation. Treating people with DME with intravitreal injections of triamcinolone may lead to a some degree of improvement in visual acuity when compared to eyes treated with placebo injections. When injected in the vitreous cavity, the steroid decreases the macular edema (thickening of the retina at the macula) caused due to diabetic maculopathy, and that may result in an increase in visual acuity. The effect of triamcinolone is not permnanent and may last up to three months, which necessitates repeated injections for maintaining the beneficial effect. Best results of intravitreal Triamcinolone have been found in eyes that have already undergone cataract surgery. Complications of intravitreal injection of triamcinolone may include cataract, steroid-induced glaucoma, and endophthalmitis.
Intravitreal anti-VEGF
There are good results from multiple doses of intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF drugs such as bevacizumab. A 2017 systematic review update found moderate evidence that aflibercept may have advantages in improving visual outcomes over bevacizumab and ranibizumab, after one year. In cases with vitreous hemorrhage, however, anti-VEGF injections proved to be less effective in restoring visual acuity than vitrectomy combined with panretinal laser-photocoagulation. Present recommended treatment for diabetic macular edema is multiple injections of anti-VEGF drugs sometimes combined with Modified Grid laser photocoagulation. Sustained delivery systems for anti-VEGF medications can reduce the chances of endophthalmitis development by reducing the number of intravitreal injections necessary for treatment. Hydrogels have shown great promise for this platform.
Topical medications
There is little evidence for the role of topical medications in the treatment of macular edema, for example, topical non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents.
Surgery
Instead of laser surgery, some people require a vitrectomy to restore vision. A vitrectomy is performed when there is a lot of blood in the vitreous. It involves removing the cloudy vitreous and replacing it with a saline solution.
Studies show that people who have a vitrectomy soon after a large hemorrhage are more likely to protect their vision than someone who waits to have the operation. Early vitrectomy is especially effective in people with insulin-dependent diabetes, who may be at greater risk of blindness from a hemorrhage into the eye.
Vitrectomy may be done under general or local anesthesia. The doctor makes a tiny incision in the sclera, or white of the eye. Next, a small instrument is placed into the eye to remove the vitreous and insert the saline solution into the eye.
Patients may be able to return home soon after the vitrectomy, or may be asked to stay in the hospital overnight. After the operation, the eye will be red and sensitive, and patients usually need to wear an eyepatch for a few days or weeks to protect the eye. Medicated eye drops are also prescribed to protect against infection. There is evidence which suggests anti-VEGF drugs given either prior to or during vitrectomy may reduce the risk of posterior vitreous cavity haemorrhage. Vitrectomy is frequently combined with other modalities of treatment.
Research
Light treatment
A medical device comprising a mask that delivers green light through the eyelids while a person sleeps was under development in 2016. The light from the mask stops rod cells in the retina from dark adapting, which is thought to reduce their oxygen requirement, which in turn diminishes new blood vessel formation and thus prevents diabetic retinopathy. As of 2016 a large clinical trial was underway. As of 2018, the results from the clinical trial showed no long-term therapeutic benefit from using the mask in diabetic retinopathy patients.
C-peptide
C-peptide had shown promising results in treatment of diabetic complications incidental to vascular degeneration. Creative Peptides, Eli Lilly, and Cebix all had drug development programs for a C-peptide product. Cebix had the only ongoing program until it completed a Phase IIb trial in December 2014 that showed no difference between C-peptide and placebo, and it terminated its program and went out of business.
Stem cell therapy
Clinical trials are under way or are being populated in preparation for study at medical centers in Brazil, Iran and the United States. Current trials involve using the patients' own stem cells derived from bone marrow and injected into the degenerated areas in an effort to regenerate the vascular system.
Blood pressure control
A Cochrane review examined 15 randomized controlled trials to determine whether interventions that sought to control or reduce blood pressure in diabetics had any effects of diabetic retinopathy. While the results showed that interventions to control or reduce blood pressure prevented diabetic retinopathy for up to 4–5 years in diabetics, there was no evidence of any effect of these interventions on progression of diabetic retinopathy, preservation of visual acuity, adverse events, quality of life, and costs.
Fundoscopic image analyses
Diabetic retinopathy is diagnosed entirely by recognizing abnormalities on retinal images taken by fundoscopy. Color fundus photography is mainly used for staging the disease. Fluorescein angiography is used to assess the extent of retinopathy that aids in treatment plan development. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is used to determine the severity of edema and treatment response.
Because fundoscopic images are the main sources for diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy, manually analyzing those images can be time-consuming and unreliable, as the ability of detecting abnormalities varies by years of experience. Therefore, scientists have explored developing computer-aided diagnosis approaches to automate the process, which involves extracting information about the blood vessels and any abnormal patterns from the rest of the fundoscopic image and analyzing them.
See also
Diabetic diet
Diabetic papillopathy
Purtscher's retinopathy, a disease with similar abnormalities in the eye, usually caused by trauma.
Retinal regeneration
References
This article incorporates text from a publication in the public domain:
Further reading
External links
Diabetic retinopathy resource guide courtesy of National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health (NEI/NIH)
Diabetic Eye Disease National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIDDK/NIH)
NHS Diabetic Eye Screening Programme
Diabetes
Blindness
Disorders of choroid and retina
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1101078
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finsch%27s%20wheatear
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Finsch's wheatear
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Finsch's wheatear (Oenanthe finschii) is a wheatear, a small insectivorous passerine that was formerly classed as a member of the thrush family, Turdidae, but is now more generally considered to be an Old World flycatcher of the family Muscicapidae.
This 15–16 cm long bird breeds in semi-desert and stony hillsides from Turkey east to Afghanistan and western Pakistan. It is a short-distance migrant, wintering in Egypt, Cyprus and the Greater Middle East. The nest is built in a rock crevice, and 4-5 eggs is the normal clutch.
In summer the male Finsch's wheatear is a white and black bird. The white crown, central back and belly contrast with the black face, throat and wings. The tail and rump are white, with an inverted black T giving a pattern like eastern black-eared wheatear, but with a uniformly wide terminal band.
The female is brown-grey above, becoming dirty white below. The tail pattern is similar to the male's.
Finsch's wheatear feeds mainly on insects. Its call is a whistled tsit, and the song is a mix of clear notes with whistles and crackling.
The common name and scientific name commemorate the German ethnographer, naturalist and colonial explorer Friedrich Hermann Otto Finsch (8 August 1839 – 31 January 1917, Braunschweig).
References
Finsch's wheatear
Birds of Afghanistan
Birds of Central Asia
Birds of Western Asia
Finsch's wheatear
Taxa named by Theodor von Heuglin
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13708557
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiro%20Stojanov
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Kiro Stojanov
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Kiro Stojanov (; born 9 April 1959 in the village of Radovo, Bosilovo Municipality) is the Roman Catholic Bishop of Skopje and the Eparchial Bishop of the Macedonian Catholic Eparchy of the Blessed Virgin Mary Assumed in Strumica-Skopje of the Macedonian Greek Catholic Church.
Biography
He was ordained as a priest in 1986, and from 1999 to 2005 he was simultaneously titular bishop of Centuriones and auxiliary of the Skopje diocese which was then led by Joakim Herbut. In 2003 he joined the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.
In 2005, he succeeded Joakim Herbut as both Roman Catholic Bishop of Skopje and Apostolic exarch of Macedonia, becoming the head of the Macedonian Greek Catholic Church. On 31 May 2018, the apostolic exarchate was elevated to the rank of an eparchy (diocese) as the Macedonian Catholic Eparchy of the Blessed Virgin Mary Assumed in Strumica-Skopje, of which Stojanov became the first eparch.
Bibliography
Kiro Stojanov: Dialogue based on the foundations that connect us. A contribution toward strengthening relations among the churches and religious communities in Macedonia. In: Journal of Ecumenical Studies 39(2002), Nr. 1-2, S. 73-76.
Neue Malteser in Makedonien aufgenommen. In: Malteser Kreuz 2003, Heft 3/4.
References
External links
1959 births
Living people
People from Bosilovo Municipality
20th-century Eastern Catholic bishops
21st-century Eastern Catholic bishops
21st-century Roman Catholic bishops in North Macedonia
Macedonian Eastern Catholics
Macedonian Greek Catholic Church
Bishops of Skopje
Macedonian Roman Catholic bishops
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61491470
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81ori%20history
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Māori history
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The history of the Māori began with the arrival of Polynesian settlers in New Zealand (Aotearoa in Māori), in a series of ocean migrations in canoes starting from the late 13th or early 14th centuries. Over several centuries of isolation, the Polynesian settlers formed a distinct culture that became known as the Māori.
Early Māori history is often divided into two periods: the Archaic period () and the Classic period (). Archaeological sites such as Wairau Bar show evidence of early life in Polynesian settlements in New Zealand. Many of the crops that the settlers brought from Polynesia did not grow well at all in the colder New Zealand climate, although many native bird and marine species were hunted, sometimes to extinction. An increasing population, competition for resources and changes in local climate led to social and cultural changes seen in the Classic period of Māori history. This period saw the emergence of a warrior culture and fortified villages (), along with more elaborate cultural art forms. One group of Māori settled the Chatham Islands around 1500, forming a separate, pacifist culture known as the Moriori.
The arrival of Europeans to New Zealand, starting in 1642 with Abel Tasman, brought enormous changes to the Māori, who were introduced to Western food, technology, weapons and culture by European settlers, especially from Britain. In 1840 the British Crown and many Māori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi, allowing New Zealand to become part of the British Empire and granting Māori the status of British subjects. Initial relations between Māori and Europeans (whom the Māori called "Pākehā") were largely amicable. However, rising tensions over disputed land sales led to conflict in the 1860s and large-scale land confiscations. Social upheaval and epidemics of introduced disease also took a devastating toll on the Māori people, causing their population to decline and their standing in New Zealand to diminish.
But by the start of the 20th century, the Māori population had begun to recover, and efforts have been made to increase their social, political, cultural and economic standing in wider New Zealand society. A protest movement gained support in the 1960s seeking redress for historical grievances. In the 2013 census, there were approximately 600,000 people in New Zealand identifying as Māori, making up roughly 15 per cent of the national population.
Origins from Polynesia
Evidence from genetics, archaeology, linguistics, and physical anthropology indicates that the ancestry of Polynesian people stretches all the way back to indigenous peoples of Taiwan. Language-evolution studies and mtDNA evidence suggest that most Pacific populations originated from Taiwanese indigenous peoples around 5,200 years ago. These Austronesian ancestors moved south to the Philippines where they settled for some time. From there, some eventually sailed southeast, skirting the northern and eastern fringes of Melanesia along the coasts of Papua New Guinea and the Bismarck Islands to the Solomon Islands where they again settled, leaving shards of their Lapita pottery behind and picking up a small amount of Melanesian DNA. From there, some migrated down to the western Polynesian islands of Samoa and Tonga while others island-hopped eastward, all the way from Otong Java in the Solomons to the Society Islands of Tahiti and Ra'iatea (once called Havai'i, or Hawaiki). From there, a succession of migrant waves colonised the rest of eastern Polynesia, as far as Hawai'i in the north, the Marquesas Islands and Rapa Nui (Easter Island) in the east, and lastly New Zealand in the far south.
Analysis by Kayser et al. (2008) discovered that only 21 per cent of the Māori-Polynesian autosomal gene pool is of Melanesian origin, with the rest (79 per cent) being of East Asian origin. Another study by Friedlaender et al. (2008) also confirmed that Polynesians are closer genetically to Micronesians, Taiwanese indigenous peoples, and East Asians, than to Melanesians. The study concluded that Polynesians moved through Melanesia fairly rapidly, allowing only limited admixture between Austronesians and Melanesians. The Polynesian population experienced a founder effect and genetic drift. Evidence of an ancestral phase in the southern Philippines comes from the discovery that Polynesians share about 40 per cent of their DNA with Filipinos from this area.
Settlement of New Zealand
In New Zealand, there are no human remains, artefacts or structures which are confidently dated to earlier than the Kaharoa Tephra, a layer of volcanic debris deposited by the Mount Tarawera eruption around 1314 CE. The 1999 dating of some kiore (Polynesian rat) bones to as early as 10 CE was later found to be an error. New samples of rat bone (and also of rat-gnawed shells and woody seed cases) gave dates later than the Tarawera eruption except for three which dated to a decade or so before the eruption.
Pollen evidence of widespread forest fires a decade or two before the eruption has led some scientists to speculate that humans may have lit them, in which case the first settlement date could have been somewhere in the period 1280–1320 CE which is now a widely quoted date. However, the most recent synthesis of archaeological and genetic evidence concludes that, whether or not some settlers arrived before the Tarawera eruption, the main settlement period was in the decades after it, somewhere between 1320 and 1350 CE, possibly involving a coordinated mass migration. This scenario is also consistent with a much debated third line of evidence – traditional genealogies () which point to 1350 AD as a probable arrival date for many of the founding canoes () from which most Māori trace their descent.
Māori oral history describes the arrival of ancestors in a number of large ocean-going canoes, or , from Hawaiki. Hawaiki is the spiritual homeland of many eastern Polynesian societies and is widely considered to be mythical. However, a number of researchers think it is a real place – the traditionally important island of Raiatea in the Leeward Society Islands (in French Polynesia), which, in the local dialect, was called Havai'i. Migration accounts vary among tribes (), whose members may identify with several waka in their genealogies.
With them the settlers brought a number of species which thrived: the kumara, taro, yams, gourd, tī, aute (paper mulberry) – and dogs and rats. It is likely that other species from their homeland were also brought, but did not survive the journey or thrive on arrival.
In the last few decades, mitochondrial-DNA (mtDNA) research has allowed an estimate to be made of the number of women in the founding population, of between 50 and 100.
Archaic period (1300–1500)
The earliest period of Māori settlement is known as the "Archaic", "Moahunter" or "Colonisation" period. The eastern Polynesian ancestors of the Māori arrived in a forested land with abundant birdlife, including several now extinct moa species weighing between and each. Other species, also now extinct, included the New Zealand swan, the New Zealand goose and the giant Haast's eagle, which preyed upon the moa. Marine mammals – seals in particular – thronged the coasts, with evidence of coastal colonies much further north than those which remain . Huge numbers of moa bones – estimated to be from between 29,000 and 90,000 birds – have been located at the mouth of the Waitaki River, between Timaru and Oamaru on the east coast of the South Island. Further south, at the mouth of the (Shag River), evidence suggests that at least 6,000 moa were slaughtered by humans over a relatively short period of time.
Archaeology has shown that the Otago region was the node of Māori cultural development during this time, and the majority of archaic settlements were on or within of the coast. It was common for people to establish small temporary camps far inland for seasonal hunting. Settlements ranged in size from 40 people (e.g., Palliser Bay in Wellington) to between 300 and 400 people, with forty buildings (such as at Shag River).
The best-known and most extensively studied Archaic site is at Wairau Bar in the South Island. The site is similar to eastern Polynesian nucleated villages and is the only New Zealand archaeological site containing the bones of people who were born elsewhere. Radiocarbon dating of charcoal, human bone, moa bone, estuarine shells and moa eggshell has produced a wide range of date estimates, from the early 13th to the early 15th centuries, many of which might be contaminated by "inbuilt age" from older carbon which was eaten or absorbed by the sampled organisms. Due to tectonic forces, including several earthquakes and tsunamis since human arrival, some of the Wairau Bar site is now underwater. Work on the Wairau Bar skeletons in 2010 showed that life expectancy was very short, the oldest skeleton being 39 and most people dying in their 20s. Most of the adults showed signs of dietary or infection stress. Anaemia and arthritis were common. Infections such as tuberculosis (TB) may have been present, as the symptoms were present in several skeletons. On average, the adults were taller than other South Pacific people, at for males and for females.
The Archaic period is remarkable for the lack of weapons and fortifications so typical of the later "Classic" Māori, and for its distinctive "reel necklaces". From this period onward, some 32 species of birds became extinct, either through over-predation by humans and the kiore and (Polynesian Dog) they introduced; repeated burning of the vegetation that changed their habitat; or climate cooling, which appears to have occurred from about 1400–1450. For a short period – less than 200 years – the early Māori diet included an abundance of large birds and fur seals that had never been hunted before. These animals rapidly declined: many, such as the various moa species, the New Zealand swan and the kohatu shag becoming extinct; while others, such as kakapo and seals were reduced in range and number.
Work by Helen Leach shows that Māori were using about 36 different food plants, although many required detoxification and long periods (12–24 hours) of cooking. D. Sutton's research on early Māori fertility found that first pregnancy occurred at about 20 years and the mean number of births was low, compared with other neolithic societies. The low number of births may have been due to the very low average life expectancy of 31–32 years. Analysis of skeletons at Wairau Bar showed signs of a hard life, with many having had broken bones that had healed. This suggests that the people ate a balanced diet and enjoyed a supportive community that had the resources to support severely injured family members.
Classic period (1500–1642)
The cooling of the climate, confirmed by a detailed tree-ring study near Hokitika, shows a significant, sudden and long-lasting cooler period from 1500. This coincided with a series of massive earthquakes in the South Island Alpine fault, a major earthquake in 1460 in the Wellington area, tsunamis that destroyed many coastal settlements, and the extinction of the moa and other food species. These were likely factors that led to sweeping changes in the Māori culture, which developed into the "Classic" period that was in place at the time of European contact.
This period is characterised by finely made (greenstone) weapons and ornaments, elaborately carved canoes – a tradition that was later extended to and continued in elaborately carved meeting houses called – and a fierce warrior culture. They developed hillforts known as , practiced cannibalism, and built some of the largest war canoes () ever.
Around the year 1500, a group of Māori migrated east to Rēkohu, now known as the Chatham Islands. There they adapted to the local climate and the availability of resources and developed into a people known as the Moriori, related to but distinct from the Māori of mainland New Zealand. A notable feature of Moriori culture was an emphasis on pacifism. When a party of invading North Taranaki Māori arrived in 1835, few of the estimated Moriori population of 2,000 survived; they were killed outright and many were enslaved.
Early European contact (1642–1840)
European settlement of New Zealand occurred in relatively recent historical times. New Zealand historian Michael King in The Penguin History Of New Zealand describes the Māori as "the last major human community on earth untouched and unaffected by the wider world". Early European explorers, including Abel Tasman (who arrived in 1642) and Captain James Cook (who first visited in 1769), recorded their impressions of Māori. Initial contact between Māori and Europeans proved problematic and sometimes fatal, with several accounts of Europeans being cannibalised.
From the 1780s, Māori encountered European and American sealers and whalers. Some Māori crewed on the foreign ships, with many crewing on whaling and sealing ships that operated in New Zealand waters. Some of the South Island crews were almost totally Māori. Between 1800 and 1820, there were 65 sealing voyages and 106 whaling voyages to New Zealand, mainly from Britain and Australia. A trickle of escaped convicts from Australia and deserters from visiting ships, as well as early Christian missionaries, also exposed the indigenous population to outside influences. During the Boyd Massacre in 1809, Māori took hostage and killed 66 members of the crew and passengers of the sailing ship Boyd in apparent revenge for the captain whipping the son of a Māori chief. Given accounts of cannibalism in this attack, shipping companies and missionaries kept their distance, significantly reducing their contact with the Māori for several years.
The runaways were of various standing within Māori society, ranging from slaves to high-ranking advisors. Some runaways remained little more than prisoners, while others abandoned European culture and identified as Māori. These Europeans "gone native" became known as Pākehā Māori. Many Māori valued them as a means to acquire European knowledge and technology, particularly firearms. When Whiria (Pōmare II) led a war-party against Tītore in 1838, he had 131 Europeans among his warriors. Frederick Edward Maning, an early settler, wrote two lively accounts of life in these times, which have become classics of New Zealand literature: Old New Zealand and History of the War in the North of New Zealand against the Chief Heke. European settlement of New Zealand increased steadily. By 1839, estimates placed the number of Europeans living among the Māori as high as 2,000, two-thirds of whom lived in the North Island, especially in the Northland Peninsula.
Between 1805 and 1840, the acquisition of muskets by tribes in close contact with European visitors drove a desperate need to acquire muskets to avoid extermination by, and allow aggression against, their neighbours; the recent introduction of the potato allowed more distant campaigns and more time for campaigning among Māori tribes. This led to a period of particularly bloody intertribal warfare known as the Musket Wars, in which many groups were decimated and others driven from their traditional territory. The absolute requirement for trade goods – mostly New Zealand flax, though (tattooed heads) were also saleable – led many Māori to move to unhealthy swamplands where flax could be grown, and there to devote insufficient labour to the production of food, until any survivors were fully equipped, first with musket and ammunition, and then with iron tools. It has been estimated that during this period the Māori population dropped from about 100,000 (in 1800) to between 50,000 and 80,000 by the wars' end in 1843. The picture is confused by uncertainty over how or if Pākehā Māori were counted, and by the near-extermination of many of the less powerful and (subtribes) during the wars. The pacifist Moriori in the Chatham Islands similarly suffered massacre and subjugation at the hands of some Ngāti Mutunga and Ngāti Tama who had fled from the Taranaki region.
At the same time, the Māori suffered high mortality rates from Eurasian infectious diseases, such as influenza, smallpox and measles, which killed an unknown number of Māori: estimates vary between 10 and 50 per cent. The spread of epidemics resulted largely from the Māori lacking acquired immunity to the new diseases. The 1850s were a decade of relative stability and economic growth for Māori. A huge influx of European settlers in the 1870s increased contact between the indigenous people and the newcomers.
Te Rangi Hīroa documents an epidemic caused by a respiratory disease that Māori called . It "decimated" populations in the early 19th century and "spread with extraordinary virulence throughout the North Island and even to the South... Measles, typhoid, scarlet fever, whooping cough and almost everything, except plague and sleeping sickness, have taken their toll of Maori dead".
Contact with Europeans led to a sharing of concepts. The Māori language was first written down by Thomas Kendall in 1815, in A korao no New Zealand. This was followed five years later by A Grammar and Vocabulary of the New Zealand Language, compiled by Professor Samuel Lee and aided by Kendall, Waikato Māori and the chief Hongi Hika, on a visit to England in 1820. Māori quickly adopted writing as a means of sharing ideas, and many of their oral stories and poems were converted to the written form. Between February 1835 and January 1840, William Colenso printed 74,000 Māori-language booklets from his press at Paihia. In 1843, the government distributed free gazettes to Māori called Ko Te Karere O Nui Tireni. These contained information about law and crimes, with explanations and remarks about European customs, and were "designed to pass on official information to Māori and to encourage the idea that Pākehā and Māori were contracted together under the Treaty of Waitangi".
Treaty with the British Crown (1840)
With increasing Christian missionary activity and growing European settlement in the 1830s, and with growing lawlessness in New Zealand, the British Crown acceded to repeated requests from missionaries and some chiefs () to intervene. The British government sent Royal Navy Captain William Hobson with instructions to negotiate a treaty between the British Crown and the people of New Zealand. Soon after arrival in New Zealand in February 1840, Hobson negotiated a treaty with North Island chiefs, later to become known as the Treaty of Waitangi. In the end, 500 tribal chiefs and a small number of Europeans signed the Treaty, while some chiefs – such as Te Wherowhero in Waikato – refused to sign. The Treaty gave Māori the rights of British subjects and guaranteed Māori property rights and tribal autonomy, in return for accepting British sovereignty.
Considerable dispute continues over aspects of the Treaty of Waitangi. The original treaty was written mainly by James Busby and translated into Māori by Henry Williams, who was moderately proficient in Māori, and his son William, who was more skilled. They were handicapped by their imperfect Māori and the lack of exactly similar words in Māori, as well as by deep differences among the peoples on concepts of property rights and sovereignty. At Waitangi, the chiefs signed the Māori translation.
Land disputes and conflict
Despite conflicting interpretations of the provisions of the Treaty of Waitangi, relations between Māori and Europeans during the early colonial period were largely peaceful. Many Māori groups set up substantial businesses, supplying food and other products for domestic and overseas markets. Some of the early European settlers learned the Māori language and recorded Māori mythology, including George Grey, Governor of New Zealand from 1845–1855 and 1861–1868.
However, rising tensions over disputed land purchases and attempts by Māori in the Waikato to establish what some saw as a rival to the British system of royalty – viz. the Māori King Movement () – led to the New Zealand wars in the 1860s. These conflicts started when rebel Māori attacked isolated settlers in Taranaki but were fought mainly between Crown troops – from both Britain and new regiments raised in Australia, aided by settlers and some allied Māori (known as kupapa) – and numerous Māori groups opposed to the disputed land sales, including some Waikato Māori.
While these conflicts resulted in few Māori (compared to the earlier Musket wars) or European deaths, the colonial government confiscated tracts of tribal land as punishment for what were called rebellions. In some cases the government confiscated land from tribes that had taken no part in the war, although this was almost immediately returned. Some of the confiscated land was returned to both kupapa and "rebel" Māori. Several minor conflicts also arose after the wars, including the incident at Parihaka in 1881 and the Dog Tax War from 1897–98.
The Native Land Acts of 1862 and 1865 established the Native Land Court, which was intended to transfer Māori land from communal ownership into individual household title as a means to assimilation and to facilitate greater sales to European immigrants. Māori land under individual title became available to be sold to the colonial government or to settlers in private sales. Between 1840 and 1890, Māori sold 95 per cent of their land (63,000,000 of in 1890). In total 4 per cent of this was confiscated land, although about a quarter of this was returned. 300,000 acres was returned to Kupapa Māori mainly in the lower Waikato River Basin area. Individual Māori titleholders received considerable capital from these land sales, with some lower Waikato Chiefs being given 1000 pounds each. Disputes later arose over whether or not promised compensation in some sales was fully delivered. Some claim that later, the selling off of Māori land and the lack of appropriate skills hampered Māori participation in developing the New Zealand economy, eventually diminishing the capacity of many Māori to sustain themselves.
The Māori MP Henare Kaihau, from Waiuku, who was executive head of the King Movement, worked alongside King Mahuta to sell land to the government. At that time the king sold 185,000 acres per year. In 1910 the Māori Land Conference at Waihi discussed selling a further 600,000 acres. King Mahuta had been successful in getting restitution for some blocks of land previously confiscated, and these were returned to the King in his name. Henare Kaihau invested all the money, 50,000 pounds, in an Auckland land company which collapsed; all 50,000 pounds of the Kīngitanga money was lost.
In 1884 King Tāwhiao withdrew money from the Kīngitanga bank, Te Peeke o Aotearoa, to travel to London to see Queen Victoria and try to persuade her to honour the Treaty between their peoples. He did not get past the Secretary of State for the Colonies, who said it was a New Zealand problem. Returning to New Zealand, the Premier Robert Stout insisted that all events happening before 1863 were the responsibility of the Imperial Government.
By 1891 Māori comprised just 10 per cent of the population but still owned 17 per cent of the land, although much of it was of poor quality.
Decline and revival
By the late 19th century a widespread belief existed amongst both Pākehā and Māori that the Māori population would cease to exist as a separate race or culture, and become assimilated into the European population. In 1840, New Zealand had a Māori population of about 50,000 to 70,000 and only about 2,000 Europeans. By 1860 the Europeans had increased to 50,000. The Māori population had declined to 37,520 in the 1871 census, although Te Rangi Hīroa (Sir Peter Buck) believed this figure was too low. The figure was 42,113 in the 1896 census, by which time Europeans numbered more than 700,000. Professor Ian Pool noticed that as late as 1890, 40 per cent of all female Māori children who were born died before the age of one, a much higher rate than for males.
The decline of the Māori population did not continue; it stabilised and began to recover. By 1936 the Māori figure was 82,326, although the sudden rise in the 1930s was probably due to the introduction of the family benefit, payable only when a birth was registered, according to Professor Pool. Despite a substantial level of intermarriage between the Māori and European populations, many ethnic Māori retained their cultural identity. A number of discourses developed as to the meaning of "Māori" and to who counted as Māori or not.
The parliament instituted four Māori seats in 1867, giving all Māori men universal suffrage, 12 years ahead of their European New Zealand counterparts. Until the 1879 general elections, men had to satisfy property requirements of landowning or rental payments to qualify as voters: owners of land worth at least £50, or payers of a certain amount in yearly rental (£10 for farmland or a city house, or £5 for a rural house). New Zealand was thus the first neo-European nation in the world to give the vote to its indigenous people. While the Māori seats encouraged Māori participation in politics, the relative size of the Māori population of the time vis à vis Pākehā would have warranted approximately 15 seats.
From the late 19th century, successful Māori politicians such as James Carroll, Āpirana Ngata, Te Rangi Hīroa and Maui Pomare, were influential in politics. At one point Carroll became Acting Prime Minister. The group, known as the Young Māori Party, cut across voting-blocs in Parliament and aimed to revitalise the Māori people after the devastation of the previous century. They believed the future path called for a degree of assimilation, with Māori adopting European practices such as Western medicine and education, especially learning English.
During the First World War, a Māori pioneer force was taken to Egypt but quickly was turned into a successful combat infantry battalion; in the last years of the war it was known as the "Māori Pioneer Battalion". It mainly comprised Te Arawa, Te Aitanga-a-Māhaki, Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti, Ngāti Porou and Ngāti Kahungunu and later many Cook Islanders; the Waikato and Taranaki tribes refused to enlist or be conscripted.
Māori were badly hit by the 1918 influenza epidemic when the Māori battalion returned from the Western Front. The death rate from influenza for Māori was 4.5 times higher than for Pākehā. Many Māori, especially in the Waikato, were very reluctant to visit a doctor and went to a hospital only when the patient was nearly dead. To cope with isolation, Waikato Māori, under Te Puea's leadership, increasingly returned to the old Pai Mārire (Hau hau) cult of the 1860s.
Until 1893, 53 years after the Treaty of Waitangi, Māori did not pay tax on land holdings. In 1893 a very light tax was payable only on leasehold land, and it was not till 1917 that Māori were required to pay a heavier tax equal to half that paid by other New Zealanders.
During the Second World War, the government decided to exempt Māori from the conscription that applied to other citizens. The Māori volunteered in large numbers, forming the 28th or Māori Battalion, which performed creditably, notably in Crete, North Africa and Italy. Altogether 16,000 Māori took part in the war. Māori, including Cook Islanders, made up 12 per cent of the total New Zealand force. 3,600 served in the Māori Battalion, the remainder serving in artillery, pioneers, home guard, infantry, airforce, and navy.
Recent history (1960s–present)
Since the 1960s, Māoridom has undergone a cultural revival concurrent with activism for social justice and a protest movement. Government recognition of the growing political power of Māori and political activism have led to limited redress for confiscation of land and for the violation of other property rights. In 1975 the Crown set up the Waitangi Tribunal, a body with the powers of a Commission of Enquiry, to investigate and make recommendations on such issues, but it cannot make binding rulings; the Government need not accept the findings of the Waitangi Tribunal, and has rejected some of them. Since 1976, people of Māori descent may choose to enrol on either the general or Māori roll for general elections, and may vote in either Māori or general electorates, but not both.
During the 1990s and 2000s, the government negotiated with Māori to provide redress for breaches by the Crown of the guarantees set out in the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840. By 2006 the government had provided over NZ$900 million in settlements, much of it in the form of land deals. The largest settlement, signed on 25 June 2008 with seven Māori iwi, transferred nine large tracts of forested land to Māori control. As a result of the redress paid to many iwi, Māori now have significant interests in the fishing and forestry industries. There is a growing Māori leadership who are using the treaty settlements as an investment platform for economic development.
Despite a growing acceptance of Māori culture in wider New Zealand society, the settlements have generated controversy on both sides. Some Māori have complained that the settlements occur at a level of between 1 and 2.5 cents on the dollar of the value of the confiscated lands; conversely, some non-Māori denounce the settlements and socioeconomic initiatives as amounting to race-based preferential treatment. Both of these sentiments were expressed during the New Zealand foreshore and seabed controversy in 2004.
See also
Pre-Māori settlement of New Zealand theories
Māori mythology
History of New Zealand
History of Oceania
References
External links
Māori history – New Zealand Government
History of New Zealand
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29218506
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byington
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Byington
|
Byington is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
A. Homer Byington (1826–1910), U.S. Consul in Naples, newspaper publisher, and Connecticut state politician
Cyrus Byington (1793–1868), American Christian missionary
Elia Goode Byington (1858–1936), American journalist
John Byington (1798–1887), Seventh-day Adventist minister and the first president of the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists
Lewis Francis Byington (1868–1943), American politician from California
Olivia Byington (born 1958), Brazilian singer
Robert Byington Mitchell (1823–1882), brigadier general in the Union Army during the American Civil War
Spring Byington (1886–1971), American actress
Steven T. Byington (1869–1957) American individualist anarchist
Abigail G. Byington (2005–present) American Chemist
Matthew R. Byington, D.O. (1978-present) American Orthopaedic Surgeon
See also
Byington Ford (1890–1985), American real estate developer
Byington Mill (Frisbie & Stansfield Knitting Company), historic knitting mill located in New York
Byington Vineyard, vineyard and winery in California
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55140721
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1860%20United%20States%20presidential%20election%20in%20Michigan
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1860 United States presidential election in Michigan
|
The 1860 United States presidential election in Michigan took place on November 6, 1860, as part of the 1860 United States presidential election. Voters chose six representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
Michigan was won by Illinois Representative Abraham Lincoln (R–Kentucky), running with Senator Hannibal Hamlin, with 57.23% of the popular vote, against Senator Stephen A. Douglas (D–Vermont), running with 41st Governor of Georgia Herschel V. Johnson, with 43.97% of the popular vote.
The 1860 presidential election in Michigan began a trend in which the state would vote the same as neighboring Pennsylvania, as the two states would vote in lockstep with each other on all but three occasions since Lincoln’s victory - 1932, 1940, and 1976.
Results
See also
United States presidential elections in Michigan
References
Michigan
1860
1860 Michigan elections
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69579907
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrage%20de%20Corscia
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Barrage de Corscia
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The Barrage de Corscia is a dam in the Haute-Corse department of France on the Golo river.
It impounds an intermediate reservoir in the Golo hydroelectric complex.
The Corscia hydroelectric power station fed by water channeled from Lac de Calacuccia has a capacity of 13 mW and discharges into the Corscia reservoir.
Downstream from the Corscia reservoir there is another power station at Castirla.
Location
The dam impounds the Golo river in the commune of Corscia to the south of the village of Corscia.
It is upstream from the Scala di Santa Regina gorge.
The D84 road runs along the north shore of the reservoir, which is elongated in a northeast direction.
The reservoir covers and holds of water.
It has a watershed of .
Dam
The dam is owned and operated by Électricité de France (EDF).
It is a concrete arch-gravity dam.
Construction began in 1966 and was completed in 1967.
It was put into service in 1968.
The width at the crest and at the base is .
It is high, long with a crest elevation of .
Hydroelectric system
The dam is part of the Golo hydroelectric system, which also includes the Lac de Calacuccia and the Sovenzia, Corscia and Castirla hydroelectric plants.
The Sega dam on the Tavignano at an altitude of feeds a conduit that carries of water to the Sovenzia plant, which discharges into the Calacuccia reservoir.
This is the main water storage facility, capturing water during snow melt or rainy periods and releasing it during dry periods.
Water is taken from a point just east of the Barrage de Calacuccia and fed through a conduit to the Usine Hydroéléctrique de de Corscia.
This hydroelectric power plant is at the south end of the Corscia reservoir.
It is about upstream from the dam.
It has one generator with a capacity of 13 mW.
Further downstream there is another plant at Castirla.
A power line carries the electricity from the Sovenzia, Corscia and Castirla plants down the river valley, then north and northwest to L'Île-Rousse.
Notes
Sources
Reservoirs of Haute-Corse
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52737390
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fullam
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Fullam
|
Fullam is a surname, and may refer to:
Bob Fullam (1897–1974), Irish footballer
Everett L. Fullam (1930–2014), Episcopalian priest and scholar
John P. Fullam (1921-2018), American judge
Johnny Fullam (1940–2015), Irish association footballer
Patrick Fullam (1847–1924), Irish nationalist politician
William Fullam (1855–1926), American naval officer
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68091037
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohartilla
|
Bohartilla
|
Bohartilla is a genus of insects belonging to the monotypic family Bohartillidae.
The species of this genus are found in Caribbean.
Species:
Bohartilla joachimscheveni
Bohartilla kinzelbachi
Bohartilla megalognatha
References
Strepsiptera
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55932937
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wladimir%20Klitschko%20vs.%20Hasim%20Rahman
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Wladimir Klitschko vs. Hasim Rahman
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Wladimir Klitschko vs. Hasim Rahman, billed as "X-Plosive", was a professional boxing match contested on 13 December 2008 for the IBF, WBO, and IBO heavyweight championship.
Background
After unifying the IBF & WBO title by defeating Sultan Ibragimov, Wladimir Klitschko made one title defence against WBO mandatory challenger Tony Thompson before agreeing to face his IBF mandatory Alexander Povetkin. In October 2008 Povetkin withdrew with a leg injury, and with the second and third ranked contenders Alexander Dimitrenko and Chris Arreola unavailable, Klitschko agreed to face former unified champion and fourth ranked IBF contender Hasim Rahman.
Before agreeing to face Klitschko, Rahman had won four of his five fights since losing his WBC title in a close fight to Oleg Maskaev, the fifth was a no contest with James Toney. He was the NABF continental champion, having defeated Zuri Lawrence for the title in 2007, and was retroactively ranked the world's 8th best heavyweight that year by BoxRec.https://[boxrec.com/media/index.php/Wladimir_Klitschko_vs._Hasim_Rahman BoxRec: Wladimir Klitschko vs. Hasim Rahman.] He was also ranked within the top ten by both the IBF and WBO, and 12th by the WBC. He was aiming to join Muhammad Ali, Evander Holyfield, and Lennox Lewis as the only boxers ever to win a heavyweight title on three or more occasions.
On the undercard, former Undisputed Heavyweight Champion Riddick Bowe fought what would turn out to be the final fight of his career, beating journeyman Gene Pukall by an 8-round unanimous decision.
The fight
Klitschko dominated the fight winning every round on the scorecards (two judges had it 60-53, the third scored it 60-47), scoring a knockdown the 6th round with a series of jabs followed by a right hand to the chin of Rahman who survived before referee Tony Weeks ended the fight in the seventh round. According to CompuBox Klitschko landed 178 punches with 48% accuracy, against Rahman's 30 punches with 14% accuracy.
Aftermath
After his victory, Klitschko agreed to face former unified cruiserweight champion David Haye in Germany in June 2009, however, Haye pulled out and was replaced by the WBA "Champion In recess" Ruslan Chagaev.
Rahman would spend 15 months out of the ring after this fight before returning to knockout his next five opponents before losing in two rounds to Povetkin. He would retire after a decision loss to the unknown Anthony Nansen in June 2014.
Undercard
Confirmed bouts:
Broadcasting
References
2008 in boxing
International Boxing Federation heavyweight championship matches
World Boxing Organization heavyweight championship matches
Klitschko brothers
December 2008 sports events in Europe
Sports competitions in Mannheim
Boxing in Germany
2008 in German sport
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41121803
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20Polynesian%20Americans
|
French Polynesian Americans
|
French Polynesian American are Americans with French Polynesian ancestry. The number of French Polynesian Americans is unknown. According to the 2010 US census, there were 5,062 people whose origins are in Tahiti, but other origins of the French Polynesia were not mentioned. While others 9,153 people asserted be of Polynesian origins, but they indicated no specific origin.
History
Between 1800s and 1860s Pacific Islander sailors arrived in the USA. Some of them were Tahitians, who settled in Massachusetts and later California. In 1889 the first Polynesian mormon colony was founded in Utah and consisted of Tahitians, Hawaiian natives, Samoans and Maori people.
During the twentieth century, the annual number of French Polynesians who moved to the US was small but with certain growth between the 1950 and 70s. So, while in 1954 just three French Polynesians arrived in the United States, in 1956 entry of 14 French Polynesian immigrants it was recorded and in 1965 were admitted other 49 people of same origin.
However, since the 1970s the number of French Polynesians admitted each year was more varied: So, in 1975, the number of admissions was reduced compared to previous years, because only 47 people of this origin were admitted. Also in 1984 were admitted 59 French Polynesians, a number that was reduced to 19 people of same origin in 1986. For its part, in 1991 it was registered that 31 French Polynesians emigrated to US with legal status in this year and, in 1997, other 21 French Polynesians obtained the admission for live in US.
Culture and Demography
Tahitian Americans celebrate the French Polynesian celebration of Bastille Day on July 14. This date is known as France's independence day in French-speaking countries.
Half of Tahitian Americans reside in the state of Hawaii. Hawaii's population is 0.2% Tahitian.
Notable people
Vaitiare Bandera, actress
Frank Grouard, Scout and interpreter in the American Indian Wars
Conrad Hall, cinematographer
Cole Hikutini, American football player
References
American people of French Polynesian descent
Oceanian American
Pacific Islands American
Polynesian American
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32176338
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bansk%C3%A1%20Bystrica%20Ice%20Stadium
|
Banská Bystrica Ice Stadium
|
Zimný štadión Banská Bystrica is an indoor ice hockey arena in Banská Bystrica, Slovakia.
The arena, opened in 1956, seats 3,000 people, and is home to HC 05 Banska Bystrica.
Notable events
An overview of some sport events:
1977
1977 IIHF World Under-20 Championship
References
External links
Profile on hockeyarenas.net
Indoor ice hockey venues in Slovakia
Buildings and structures in Banská Bystrica
Sport in Banská Bystrica Region
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53394914
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huang%20Erh-hsuan
|
Huang Erh-hsuan
|
Huang Erh-hsuan (; 5 March 1936 – 9 February 2019) was a Taiwanese politician. He served in the Legislative Yuan from 1993 to 2002.
Education and early career
Huang earned a Ph.D from National Chengchi University after completing a bachelor's degree from National Taiwan University. He later taught at NCCU, Soochow University and National Chung Hsing University. Huang wrote for the Independence Evening Post and published CommonWealth Magazine.
Political career
Huang was a member of the Democratic Progressive Party's New Tide faction, and was the party's first secretary general between 1986 and 1988. He was elected to three terms on the Legislative Yuan via party list proportional representation from 1993 to 2002. Upon stepping down from the legislature, Huang was named the president of a Pan-Green Internet radio station hosted at TaiwaneseVoice.net.
Death
Huang died of heart failure on 9 February 2019, aged 82. Following his death, the Transitional Justice Commission probed Huang's 1983 firing from Soochow University. The agency concluded in April 2019 that the departure of Huang from Soochow was a result of political persecution from Ministry of Education and intelligence agencies in Taiwan.
References
1936 births
2019 deaths
National Chengchi University alumni
National Chengchi University faculty
Soochow University (Taiwan) faculty
Politicians of the Republic of China on Taiwan from Tainan
Democratic Progressive Party Members of the Legislative Yuan
Party List Members of the Legislative Yuan
Members of the 2nd Legislative Yuan
Members of the 3rd Legislative Yuan
Members of the 4th Legislative Yuan
National Chung Hsing University faculty
National Taiwan University alumni
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28785189
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald%20Stade
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Ronald Stade
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Ronald Stade (born Berlin, Germany, 1953) is a Swedish anthropologist. He is best known for his writings on cosmopolitanism and conceptual history. His fieldwork in Guam resulted in a book-length ethnography called Pacific Passages: World Culture and Local Politics in Guam (1998).
Ronald Stade is professor of peace and conflict studies with specialization in anthropology at Malmö University. He has been affiliated to Stockholm University, the Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study, and Hitotsubashi University in Tokyo.
References
Pacific Passages: World Culture and Local Politics in Guam. .
External links
IMROST
1953 births
Living people
Swedish anthropologists
Social anthropologists
Stockholm University faculty
Malmö University faculty
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48254978
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoff%20Barwick
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Geoff Barwick
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Geoffrey Herbert Barwick (29 September 1919 – 7 September 2004) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Hawthorn in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Prior to playing with Hawthorn, Barwick served for 18 months in the Australian Army during World War II.
Notes
External links
1919 births
2004 deaths
Australian rules footballers from Tasmania
Hawthorn Football Club players
New Norfolk Football Club players
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19049630
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C4%9Flar
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Bağlar
|
Bağlar may refer to:
Bağlar, Diyarbakır, Turkey
Zağulba Bağları, Azerbaijan
Bağlar, Üzümlü
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63160392
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freakens
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Freakens
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Freakens is a 2019 Indian Malayalam-language comedy film written and directed by Anish J. Karrinad. Film produced by Edakunnil Sunil under the banner of Best Films. The film features Anandhu Mukundan, Biju Sopanam, Indrans and Kalabhavan Navas in lead roles.
Cast
Music
The film score is composed by Saanand George after Jayaram's Thinkal Muthal Velli Vare, lyrics for which are written by O.S.A. Rasheed and Anish J. Karrinad.
Release
Freakens was released in India on 13 December 2019.
References
External links
2010s Malayalam-language films
Indian films
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618966
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northgate%20Shopping%20Centre
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Northgate Shopping Centre
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Northgate Shopping Centre is the third largest shopping centre in Tasmania. located in Glenorchy approximately 10 kilometres northwest of Hobart. The shopping centre is located on the Main Road within the CBD of Glenorchy with all stores located on the one level and a large undercover carpark situated below the main building.
The centre was opened in November 1986 as a convenience centre anchored by a Coles Supermarket along with 46 speciality stores. The centre has since been refurbished and expanded in October 1995. This included the addition of Target and Best & Less to the centre as major anchor retailers. There are also approximately 65 other speciality stores. As of 2009, the centre has been owned by Novion Property Group (CFSGAM) who merged into Vicinity Centres in 2015. In 2016, the centre introduced a freshly renovated main entrance, and rebranded the store to use Vicinity's ribbon as their logo. The anchoring Target Store would close permanently in early 2022.
External links
Northgate Shopping Centre
1986 establishments in Australia
Shopping malls established in 1986
Shopping centres in Tasmania
Glenorchy, Tasmania
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33771185
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20F.%20Williams
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John F. Williams
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John Francis Williams (January 7, 1887 – May 29, 1953) was an Army National Guard Major General who served as Chief of the National Guard Bureau during World War II.
Early life
John Francis Williams was born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania on January 7, 1887, and raised in Pierce City, Missouri. He enlisted in the 2nd Infantry Regiment of the Missouri National Guard in March 1903 and was discharged in September 1904 with the rank of private.
He worked as the manager of zinc mines in Missouri until attending college, graduating from the University of Missouri in 1911. He then became a reporter and editor for the St. Louis Star and other Missouri newspapers.
World War I
When the United States entered World War I in April 1917, he was commissioned a first lieutenant in the 128th Machine Gun Battalion, 35th Infantry Division, and served in France until returning home in 1919.
Following the war, Williams became a reporter for the Kansas City Star and editor for the Joplin Globe, later the Joplin News-Herald.
Post World War I
From 1922 to 1936 Williams was director of publications for the University of Missouri.
Williams again entered the military when he was appointed major in June 1921 and became commander of the 128th Field Artillery Regiment with the rank of colonel in April 1923.
In 1935 he was appointed Deputy Chief of the National Guard Bureau as a brigadier general, and also served as Chief of the NGB Regulations and Personnel Divisions. In 1936 he acted as Chief of the National Guard Bureau prior to Albert H. Blanding assuming the post.
World War II
He was appointed as Chief of the National Guard Bureau in January 1940, with the rank of major general, and served for the entire duration of the US involvement in World War II.
During his tenure Williams lobbied to ensure that the National Guard would be considered in the Army's post-war plans, and that it would be included in the newly organized United States Air Force.
Awards and decorations
Williams received the Distinguished Service Medal in recognition of his World War II service.
Death and burial
Following retirement in January 1946, Williams moved to Pasadena, California, where he died from cancer on May 29, 1953. Williams and his wife Mary Way Williams (1889–1952) are buried at Arlington National Cemetery
References
External links
John F. Williams at ArlingtonCemetery•net, an unofficial website
Generals of World War II
1887 births
1953 deaths
People from Pierce City, Missouri
University of Missouri alumni
American military personnel of World War I
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
National Guard of the United States generals
United States Army generals
Chiefs of the National Guard Bureau
People from Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
People from Pasadena, California
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
United States Army generals of World War II
Military personnel from California
Military personnel from Pennsylvania
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18307853
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L.%20Russell%20Brown
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L. Russell Brown
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Lawrence "Larry" Russell Brown (born June 29, 1940), known as L. Russell Brown, is an American lyricist and composer. He is most noted for his songs, co-written with Irwin Levine, "Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree" and "Knock Three Times"—international hits for the 1970s pop music group Tony Orlando and Dawn. He also co-wrote "C'mon Marianne" for The Four Seasons, and The Partridge Family 1971 song, "I Woke Up In Love This Morning".
Biography
Born in Newark, New Jersey, Brown began his songwriting career when he was sixteen with the R&B label Fury Records. Co-writing with Ray Bloodworth in the mid-1960s, and working for Bob Crewe, he wrote the hits "C'mon Marianne" and "Watch the Flowers Grow" for the Four Seasons. "C'mon Marianne" featured in Jersey Boys, the Broadway musical. With Crewe, Brown also wrote "Sock It to Me Baby!", a 1967 hit for Mitch Ryder and the Detroit Wheels.
Brown started writing with Irwin Levine in 1970, and found success with several hits for Dawn, including "Knock Three Times", "Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree" - both songs reaching #1 in the US and UK – and "Say, Has Anybody Seen My Sweet Gypsy Rose". "Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree" appears in such films as Wallace and Gromitt, Fargo, and Forrest Gump, and has reputedly been recorded over one thousand times. One of Brown's later successes as a writer was "Use It Up and Wear It Out", co-written with Sandy Linzer, which was a #1 hit in the UK for Odyssey in 1980.
Other musicians who have recorded his songs include Frank Sinatra, Bing Crosby, Perry Como, Lesley Gore, Ray Conniff, Johnny Mathis, and Donny Osmond.
References
External links
Entry at discogs.com
1940 births
Living people
Musicians from Newark, New Jersey
American lyricists
American male composers
21st-century American composers
Songwriters from New Jersey
21st-century American male musicians
American male songwriters
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20465372
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauri%20Asikainen
|
Lauri Asikainen
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Lauri Asikainen (born 28 May 1989) is a Finnish Nordic combined athlete. He was born in Savonlinna, and made his senior Nordic combined debut in 2009, at the world championships in Liberec. He was previously a ski jumper, winning team bronze in 2007 at the World Junior Championships in Tarvisio.
References
External links
Lauri Asikainen's web site
1989 births
Living people
People from Savonlinna
Finnish male ski jumpers
Finnish male Nordic combined skiers
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4261635
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim%20Cavanaugh
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Tim Cavanaugh
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Tim Cavanaugh is a journalist and screenwriter based in Alexandria, Virginia. He is a news editor at The Washington Examiner. Prior to that, he was News Editor for National Review Online, Executive Editor for The Daily Caller, Managing Editor for Reason magazine, Web editor of the Los Angeles Times opinion page, and was the editor in chief of Suck.com from 1998 to 2001.
Cavanaugh was born and raised in Margate City, New Jersey and attended Atlantic City High School.
Cavanaugh is a winner of two Los Angeles Press Club awards and a Webby Award. His work has appeared in The Washington Post, The Boston Globe, Slate, The San Francisco Chronicle, The Beirut Daily Star, San Francisco Magazine, Mother Jones, Agence France-Presse, Wired, Newsday, Salon, Orange County Register, The Rake magazine, and other publications.
His satirical 2002 article mocking weblogs, "Let Slip the Blogs of War" (an update of an earlier article in Suck), infuriated many bloggers and was included in Perseus Publishing's anthology We've Got Blog. Nonetheless, Cavanaugh instituted Reason's popular blog Hit & Run, which won a Weblog Award in 2005.
Cavanaugh wrote the screenplay for Home Run Showdown, a 2012 direct-to-video family baseball film starring Matthew Lillard, Dean Cain and Annabeth Gish.
References
External links
National Review Online
The Simpleton
Suck bio
Living people
American male bloggers
American bloggers
American libertarians
American magazine editors
Atlantic City High School alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
American online journalists
People from Margate City, New Jersey
21st-century American non-fiction writers
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3937926
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rob%20Leatham
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Rob Leatham
|
Robert Jennings Leatham (born January 27, 1961 in Mesa, Arizona) is a professional shooter who is a 24-time USPSA National champion and 7-time International Practical Shooting Confederation (IPSC) World Champion.
Biography
On Leatham's twelfth birthday, he received his first gun. His family surprised him with a new Smith & Wesson Model 34 revolver on one of their trips to shoot in the desert.
He continued desert shooting throughout his teenage years and became involved in other sports such as basketball.
Competition shooting
Leatham's first competition took place in the late 1970s at a night shoot at the Mesa Police Department range. He shot a Smith & Wesson Model 27 revolver with a 6-inch barrel loaded with 200-grain round-nose bullets that Leatham loaded himself, including a custom holster made by local leather worker, Jess Bird, who had built holsters for Leatham's father for years. Leatham finished third revolver behind Mike Henry and Charlie Mills and cites this competition for causing his addiction to competitive shooting.
He invented the Modern Isosceles shooting stance in the 1980s. A few years later he began shooting the 9x25 dillon handgun round and brought that cartridge into the mainstream.
Leatham first shot the Steel Challenge and The Bianchi Cup in 1982. In 1985, he won the Triple Crown of practical pistol shooting: the IPSC US Nationals, the Bianchi Cup and the Steel Challenge. He is the only competitor to ever win all three matches in the same year.
In 1989, he was offered a major contract with Springfield Armory, Inc. that enabled him to become a full-time, professional shooter. Since that time, Leatham has been practicing, competing, and conducting live-fire demonstrations for sponsors around the world.
Personal life
Leatham married fellow Team Springfield member Kippi Boykin, a three-time USPSA National Champion. They have one daughter together, Patience Leatham, and Leatham has 2 sons, Robert and Thomas, from a previous marriage.
Titles
24-Time USPSA National Champion: 1983–1986, 1988, 1989, 1994, 1995, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2002 (Limited), 2002 (Limited-10), 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 (Single-Stack and Production), 2007 (Single-Stack and Limited), 2008 (Single-Stack), 2009 (Single-Stack), 2010 (Single-Stack)
6-Time IPSC World Champion as a member of 7-time winning "Team USA":
1983 - Virginia, USA
1986 - Florida, USA
1988 - Caracas, Venezuela,
2002 - Pietersburg, South Africa
2005 - Guayaquil, Ecuador
2014 - Florida, USA (Classic Division)
16-Time Single Stack Classic Champion: 1995–2010
7-Time Steel Challenge Champion: 1985, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2002 (Limited), 2002 (Open), 2009 (Production)
6-Time IDPA Custom Defensive Pistol (CDP) National Champion: 1997, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004
7-Time NRA Bianchi Cup Champion: 1985, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009
3-Time American Handgunner World Shootoff Champion: 1996, 2003, 2004
Triple Crown Winner: 1985 (Bianchi Cup, Steel Challenge, and the IPSC/USPSA Nationals) - Leatham is the only person to ever achieve this
Captain, Team Springfield: Since its inception in 1985
See also
Brian Enos
Ron Avery
References
External links
Rob Leatham's Official Website
1961 births
Living people
American male sport shooters
IPSC shooters
IPSC World Shoot Champions
Sportspeople from Mesa, Arizona
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38584409
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4the%20Schirmacher
|
Käthe Schirmacher
|
Käthe Schirmacher (Danzig, 6 August 1865 – Meran, 18 November, 1930) was a German writer, journalist, and political activist who was considered to be one of the leading advocates for women's rights and the international women's movement in the 1890s.
Life
Käthe Schirmacher was the daughter of a wealthy merchant, but her family fortune was lost in the 1870s early on in her life. Schirmacher was one of the first women in Germany to earn a doctorate, studying at the Sorbonne and from Autumn of 1893 to the Spring of 1895 in Germany and earning her doctorate in Romance studies in Zürich under Heinrich Morf. Something that was unknown to the public was her homosexuality. Over the course of her life Schirmacher would have multiple partners, but her time in Zurich was spent with Margarethe Böhm.
In 1899, Schirmacher was one of the principal founders of the Association for Progressive Women's Organizations in Berlin. In 1904 she was also involved with the International Alliance of Women. During this period of time between the 1890s and the early 1900s, Schirmacher travelled around Europe and the United States and have lectures on German culture and women's issues. One of the things that Schirmacher wrote and lectured about was the idea of the "modern woman." In both her lectures and her personal writing, she expressed the necessary traits to be a modern woman; they are highlighted in Die moderne Frauenbewegung (The Modern Woman's Rights Movement, 1909).
The first was for in education and instruction, women should enjoy the same opportunities as men. The second dictated that in the field of labour, women should have the freedom to choose any occupation and to be compensated equally as any man. The third was that women should be given full legal status before the law and full civil ability. The fourth was in the social field: recognition of the value of women's work, whether in the home or in professional circles. They were extreme views for her time, but in 1904, Schirmacher pivoted to more extreme circles of political ideology and began expressing nationalist sentiments. It was the same year that Schirmacher began to break her ties with the leftist groups that she had founded, led and organised. In 1913, with the prospect of war and the wave of nationalism that was hitting Western Europe, Schirmacher broke her ties completely with the women's organisations.
At the outbreak of the World War I, Schirmacher was involved in the writing and publishing of German propaganda, mostly in the form of pamphlets, which were distributed across Germany and France.
After the war, she was involved with the right-wing German National People's Party (DNVP). She shared their nationalist and anti-Semitic views.
Published works
The Libertad. Novella Publishing House Magazine, Zurich, 1891. 81 p.
The International Women's Conference in Chicago 1893. A lecture held in which the intellectuals and leaders of the International Women's Movement (IWM) gathered. Schirmacher was one of the lecturers featured.
Le Féminisme Aux États-Unis, En France, Dans La Grande-Bretagne, En Suède Et En Russie: Questions Du Temps Présent (1898)
Die Frauenbewegung, "The Women's Movement, Their Causes and Means" (1902)
Die moderne Frauenbewegung (The Modern Woman's Rights Movement, 1909)
Die Suffragettes (1912)
References
External links
Datenbank der deutschen Parlamentsabgeordneten
Nachlassverzeichnis der Universitätsbibliothek Rostock
FemBiografie Käthe Schirmacher von Hiltrud Schroeder mit Zitaten, Links und Literaturangaben
Käthe Schirmacher in den Akten der Reichskanzlei
German women's rights activists
1865 births
1930 deaths
Writers from Gdańsk
German feminists
Members of the Weimar National Assembly
German National People's Party politicians
People from the Province of Prussia
LGBT politicians from Germany
Politicians from Gdańsk
Lesbian feminists
20th-century German women politicians
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42521497
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%20Zeh
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Stephen Zeh
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Stephen Zeh is a basket weaver in rural Temple, Maine in the U.S. He uses brown ash that he harvests from the woods near his home, strips it into splints, and enlaces them into baskets. He is mostly self-taught and has been weaving for more than 30 years.
References
External links
Stephen Zeh; Basketmaker website
Living people
Basket weavers
People from Temple, Maine
Year of birth missing (living people)
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