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31820350	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012%20CONCACAF%20Women%27s%20Olympic%20Qualifying%20Tournament%20qualification	2012 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament qualification	The 2012 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament qualification determined five of the eight teams for the final tournament. Tiebreakers Per FIFA regulations the group tiebreakers for all qualifying tournaments will be: goal difference in all group matches greatest number of goals scored in all group matches If two or more teams are equal on the basis of the above criteria, their rankings shall be determined as follows: greater number of points obtained in all group matches between the teams concerned goal difference resulting from the group matches between the teams concerned greater number of goals scored in all group matches between the teams concerned play-off match on neutral ground (with extra time and penalty kicks, if necessary) Caribbean Zone On 17 May 2011 CONCACAF announced the groups for the Caribbean qualifying. The group winners and the best runner-up will advance to the final qualifying tournament. Group A To be played from June 29–3 July 2011 in Aruba. All time in UTC−4. Group B To be played from 5–9 July 2011 in the Dominican Republic. Ranking of second-placed teams Central American Zone UNCAF's two slots were contested in one group of five teams. The top two advanced to the final qualifying tournament. The matches were to be held in Guatemala from September 30 to October 8, 2011. References External links 2012 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualification Qual
49596766	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston%20Tea%20Party%20%28caf%C3%A9%20chain%29	Boston Tea Party (café chain)	Boston Tea Party is a British family-owned independent café group headquartered at its first café in Park Street, Bristol, which opened in 1995. The business has 22 cafés, predominantly in South West England. Each location adopts a unique interior design and the company emphasises the ethical sourcing of local produce. Charity In 2011, the company created a partnership with Coffee Kids, a charity which supports coffee farmers and their children. The company is very active in supporting local charities. Each cafe is active in choosing and supporting charities to support. Teams from Bristol attended Cock and Bull festival in 2018, raising £6,000 for Jamie's Farm, a charity which supports vulnerable inner city children. The company further support charities by donating 10p from the sale of each coffee to charities local to each cafe. Sustainability The company was the first coffee chain in the world to stop issuing single use coffee cups on 1 June 2018, in order to impact on the global plastic crisis. Customers wishing to have a takeaway coffee must now either bring their own cup, borrow a loan cup from the cafe, using a fully refundable deposit, or buy one. Boston Tea Party now offer reusable bamboo Ecoffee Cups at wholesale price to ensure there are no barriers to customers getting a takeaway coffee. The cost saved from the use of paper cups – 10p per cup – is donated to charities local to each cafe. They have run talks and workshops sharing their learning and practices with other companies wishing to be more sustainable. All food is ethically sourced from sustainable resources. Awards In 2015, Boston Tea Party won the award for Best Café in Food Magazine and best chain café in Café Life. In the same year it was also nominated for the Society, Large Group and Innovation awards at the Sustainable Restaurant Awards. Locations The company's head office is based in Park Street, Bristol, England. Current There are currently 23 cafés within England. Barnstaple Bath – Alfred Street & Kingsmead Square Birmingham – Corporation Street, Harborne & Edgbaston Bristol – Clifton Village, Gloucester Road, Park Street, Stokes Croft & Whiteladies Road Cheltenham Chichester Exeter - Queen Street Taunton - Fore Street, within the former Prezzo building. Honiton Plymouth Ringwood Salisbury Solihull Stratford-upon-Avon Worcester See also List of coffeehouse chains References External links Coffee houses of the United Kingdom British companies established in 1995 Restaurants established in 1995 Cafés Companies based in Bristol 1995 establishments in England
66088370	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%20raris%20fabulis	De raris fabulis	De raris fabulis ("On uncommon tales", "On curious tales" or "On rare expressions") is a collection of 23 or 24 short Latin dialogues from 9th- or 10th-century Celtic Britain. The dialogues belong to the genre known as the colloquy. These were pedagogical texts for teaching Latin in monastic schools. De raris fabulis survives in a single manuscript, the Later Oxford Codex (Codex Oxoniensis Posterior), now Oxford, Bodleian Library MS Bodley 572 (SC 2026), at folios 41v–47r. The manuscript was produced in Cornwall, and dates to the second quarter of the 10th century. The script is Anglo-Caroline. The text itself may have been composed in the 9th century in Wales. The manuscript was in Winchester by the 11th century (and possibly as early as the late 10th), and by the end of the 11th century was at St Augustine's Abbey in Canterbury. The unascetic nature of monastic living implied by the dialogues and a reference to a probably fictitious victory of the Britons over the Saxons situate De raris in a Celtic context. Based on its terminology, it has even been suggested that it originated in Brittany and subsequently passed through Wales to Cornwall, acquiring distinct features along the way. De raris fabulis consists of 23 or 24 distinct conversations. Their purpose was teaching spoken Latin to monastic oblates. For this reason they mostly concern daily life in a monastic environment, although there are also references to trade and pilgrimage. The text may be a combination of two earlier sets of colloquies. In structure, the dialogues typically contain questions and answers with strings of vocabulary to choose from, e.g., "Ring the bell because the hour called 'midnight' is here, or dawn or cockcrow or dusk or matins or prime or terce or midday or none or twilight or vespers." In practice, the oblates would select the appropriate word from the list. De raris fabulis contains around 200 vernacular glosses in Old Cornish, Old Welsh and Old English. There are both interlinear glosses and glosses that have been incorporated into the main text. While the Celtic glosses were originally read as Cornish, some of them are indisputably Welsh and the rest could be either. The two languages are not easily distinguished for the 9th century. Joseph Loth argued that the text may have originated in an area intermediate between Wales and Cornwall, such as Gloucestershire or Somerset, but Kenneth Jackson argued that these areas were already English-speaking in the 9th century. He argued instead that the glosses were the work of either "a Cornishman in Wales, or a Welshman in Cornwall". The only Old English glosses were scratched into the parchment with a stylus, but not inked. The text also shows certain Hiberno-Latin features, but no direct connection with Ireland can be made. De raris fabulis contains several notable literary references. One line—"don't stand between me and the light"—is derived from the story of Diogenes and Alexander, probably through the account of Valerius Maximus. Its meaning, however, is not entirely clear, suggesting a misunderstanding at some point in the transmission. A proverb (#14) from the probably Irish Proverbia Grecorum is also quoted, which probably reflects the independent transmission of this text in Wales. Although King Arthur is not named in the De raris fabulis, its account of a war between Britons and Saxons may depend on oral legends within the Arthurian tradition. De raris fabulis was edited into a new set of colloquies, Colloquia e libro De raris fabulis retractata, which was used by Ælfric Bata as a source for his own colloquies. The line from the Diogenes story is further garbled in Bata. Notes Bibliography Editions (at pp. 238–249) Secondary literature Latin-language education 9th-century Christian texts Cornish literature
58632976	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Frederick%20Worrall	Thomas Frederick Worrall	Thomas Frederick Worrall (1872–1957) was a Staffordshire-born manual worker and talented watercolourist. He lived for a time in Lancashire and in the upper Calder Valley area of Yorkshire but spent most of his adult life in Barry, in South Wales, where he was also deeply involved in politics and stood for parliament in the general election of 1923 representing the Labour Party. He was the elder brother of the pottery and fabric designer William Worrall. Early life Worrall was born in Wednesbury, the son of Thomas Worrall, a blacksmith. Thomas Frederick was the eldest of three boys but had two step sisters and a step brother. The family lived in the Woods Bank area of Darlaston which was heavily industrialized, with foundries, mines and metal works. They lived on the side of a tramway that connected various metal-working plants, and this tramway formed the site of what is now Moxley Road. By the early 1890s the whole family had moved to the village of Church in the county of Lancashire, where the elder siblings were involved in local industries. Worrall senior, however, worked for a time as a blacksmith in Cheshire so was living away from the family. Although the centre of Church was heavily built up, with close-packed, terraced housing and many mills, foundries and chemical works, the Worralls lived in Dill Hall Lane which was surrounded by fields and pleasant views of countryside. There was a vista from their house across the Leeds and Liverpool Canal to Dunkenhalgh Park. Thomas Frederick married Martha Green in the spring of 1899 and their first-born was Robert, born in 1900. Martha's family had built the Albion Mill, which became known locally as Green's Mill, It was while a young man in the north of England that Worrall's artistic leanings emerged. He attended art lessons in Manchester and created a series of watercolours of local scenes including Priestly Clough and Fern Gore, both in nearby Accrington, and Stoodley Pike in Yorkshire (see list of works, below). There is a photograph of him aged about 20 years in Haslingden public library, labelled Tom Worrall, artist. Not all of his pieces are signed, but when he did so he generally used the signature T. Worrall or sometimes the initials TW. Artistic ability and an eye for colour was clearly a family trait as Worrall's brother William became a cotton print designer, and his youngest brother, Simeon, a painter and decorator. By the time Thomas Frederick was in his late twenties, he himself was a working as a blacksmith in the neighbouring county of Yorkshire, at a quarry in Southowram. This was a much less industrialized part of the country, indeed the family’s residence was “West Fields” adjacent to farmland. There were more children, with daughters Bertha and Mary born in 1902 and 1906 respectively. Worrall continued to work as a blacksmith, but was a journeyman, not a master. Later life The family moved again, this time to south Wales, where Thomas Frederick now began to work as a gas fitter. Their residence in 1911 was a terraced house, typical of the type found in the industrialized south Wales valleys but their village, Nelson, was semi-rural and surrounded by views of distant coasts and mountains. Once again, as in Darlaston, they lived alongside a tramway that now forms the base of a metalled road, namely Crescent Street. They named their terraced house Primrose Cottage, which still exists. Worrall had visited this part of the country in 1910 to address meetings of socialists, illustrating his interest in left-wing politics, supporting at that time the Independent Labour Party. Such was his interest that he attended the I.L.P. conferences in 1906 and 1907 and addressed the delegates. The south Wales years were Worrall’s most active as a painter and when the family moved to live in the small town of Barry on the coast, his portfolio grew to include many observations of nearby maritime areas as well as further inland and further away. The Worralls' residence in Cardiff Road, gave a view over Swanbridge Bay and Sully Island which inspired many depictions of that seascape. Although it was work firstly as a time keeper then as a store man in the new cement plant to the west of the town that first occupied him, Worrall returned to working with gas. He became an oxy-acetylene welder and lived in Barry until the end of his life, latterly in Hywel Crescent, and painted numerous images of local scenes. His family expanded too, with daughters Bessie and Edith born in 1913 and 1916 respectively. He became increasingly politically active, was secretary of the Barry Labour Representative Committee, and tried to be selected as the Labour Party candidate for the Llandaff and Barry constituency in 1918. He was unsuccessful on that occasion but was selected and stood in the 1923 general election. He received nearly 8000 votes but came third behind the Unionist and Liberal contenders. He attended the I.L.P. annual conference in 1925. During this time Worrall made visits back to Lancashire and painted scenes including the war memorial in Great Harwood which had been unveiled in 1926. He and his wife and elder children attended Workers Educational Association courses in Oxford which gave him opportunities to sketch scenes of the waterways and colleges, and visits to his two brothers in London and Glastonbury provided further potential for artistic work. After retirement from gas fitting, Worrall collected subscriptions for the Barry and District Co-operative and Industrial Society, a group in which he was a committee member until 1948. In 1938 he and his wife travelled to the United States where he created a collection of scenes including around Niagara, the Potomac, Blue Ridge Mountains and the Californian and New Mexico deserts. Worrall also travelled to Greece and Italy, working as a stevedore to help fund the ventures, and some art from this period exists in private collections. By this time his creative work had moved away from mostly industrial and urban scenes to generally picturesque rural landscapes and included settings in the Lake District, Cornwall and Somerset. His depictions often included water, and he frequently used the technique of placing a house and/or tree in the foreground or middle distance. A good example of this is his painting of Stoodley Pike in Yorkshire, currently on display in Todmorden public library. Worrall sometimes used family visits as opportunities for art work. For example, a family get together in Haslingden in 1936 was a chance to paint scenes of West Yorkshire; visits to his daughter, Edith, who obtained a teaching post in Clitheroe led to depictions of the countryside around the River Whalley; and his brother's death and burial in Keswick led to Lake District landscapes. A visit to his brother-in-law in Mt. Rainier, Maryland, gave rise to paintings of the River Potomac, which are now in Washington DC Public Library, Killingley library and Brunswick Heritage Museum in Washington DC. Thomas Frederick Worrall suffered from stomach cancer and died of heart failure in 1957 at home at 7 Hywel Drive, Barry. His daughter, Bertha was present and reported the death to the local registrar. He is buried in Merthyr Dyfan cemetery in Barry. There is no headstone. Works in public collections Scenes of the Potomac and Washington – Washington DC Public Library, Special Collections. Scenes of the Potomac – Brunswick Heritage Museum, Maryland, US. River in Danielson, Connecticut – Killingly Public Library, Connecticut, US Goat Island, Niagara – Niagara Falls Library, Ontario, Canada Priestly Clough and Fern Gore – held at Accrington Library Stoodley Pike from Pecket Well – Todmorden Library Merthyr Dyfan Church – in possession of the Church in Wales View of the Atlantic from SS Laconia – Sayers Collection of Ocean Liner Ephemera, Bodleian Library, Oxford Tintern Abbey – Gwent Archives Elterwater Tarn, and view of Derwentwater, Lake District – Bishop of Carlisle's office, Keswick Sketch book containing various scenes including Monmouthshire, Pembrokeshire, Lancashire and Oxfordshire – Gwent Archives Llancaiach Fawr Manor – on display in the manor house in Nelson, South Wales Mumbles Lighthouse – Oystermouth Library Fifteen views of south Wales including Cwm-yr-Eglwys, Merthyr Dyfan and Porthkerry Park – National Library of Wales Gallery References External links Includes six of Worral's watercolours 1872 births 1957 deaths People from Wednesbury English watercolourists People from Barry, Vale of Glamorgan Labour Party (UK) parliamentary candidates
60879892	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor%20of%20Gore	Mayor of Gore	The Mayor of Gore officiates over the Gore District of New Zealand's South Island. Prior to local government reorganisation in 1989, the Mayor of Gore officiated over the Gore Borough. The current mayor is Tracy Hicks. List of mayors of Gore Borough List of mayors of Gore District References Gore Mayors of places in Southland, New Zealand Gore District, New Zealand
45111333	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred%20B.%20Lambert	Fred B. Lambert	Fred Bussey Lambert (May 16, 1873 – June 3, 1967) was a West Virginia educator and regional historian. He is best known for his role in establishing Guyan Valley High School, his production of The Llorrac, and the Fred B. Lambert Collection, an assemblage of regional history housed at Marshall University. Early life and education Born in Crown City, Gallia County, Ohio, Lambert was the son of Henry Lambert and the former Sarah Maria Swartwood. He lived in Lawrence County, Ohio in 1880. He was educated at Morris Harvey College in Barboursville, West Virginia, Marshall University at Huntington, West Virginia, and West Virginia University at Morgantown, West Virginia. Career Teaching Lambert organized several high schools, including Guyan Valley High School, at Pleasant View, West Virginia, in the 1920s. He served for forty-two years as a principal at Guyan Valley High School and Hamlin High School, both in Lincoln County, and at Milton High School in Cabell County. He was superintendent of the former Ceredo-Kenova Independent School District before institution of the countywide school system. Regional historian Lambert, best known for his compilation, The Llorrac (1926), devoted at least sixty years of his life to collecting history, centering his research on the Guyandotte and Mud river sections of southwestern West Virginia, particularly focusing upon Cabell, Wayne, and Lincoln counties. The historical range of his 500 notebook collection, which is housed at James E. Morrow Library at Marshall University, is 1840s to 1940s. The notebooks include genealogical and historical material, interview notes, and photographs. Lambert's The Llorrac (1926) is the second history compiled about Lincoln County, West Virginia. Civic life Lambert was a Mason for over fifty years. He taught the Men's Bible class at Barboursville Methodist Church for many years. He was a member of the Hebron Baptist Church on Tom's Creek, near Barboursville, West Virginia. Personal life On March 25, 1896, Lambert married Nannie Peyton in Cabell County, West Virginia. They had eleven children: Don W. Lambert of Dayton, Kentucky; Homer F. Lambert of Huntington, West Virginia; Henry E. Lambert of Wayne, West Virginia; Lt. Col. Charles E. Lambert of Washington, DC; Estelle Hanger of Huntington, West Virginia; Ruth L. Pierson of Huntington, West Virginia; Myrtle Drummond of Huntington, West Virginia; Dolly Byrne of Huntington West Virginia; Pearle L. Hoek of Chicago, Illinois; Dexter Harrington of Wheeling, West Virginia; and Gladys Dorr of Columbus, Ohio. The Lambert family lived in Cabell County in 1910. In 1918, Lambert lived at Glen White in Raleigh County, West Virginia, where he was employed as a schoolteacher. In a draft registration card for that year, Lambert was described as medium height and medium build, with blue eyes ("weak eyes") and dark brown hair. The Lambert family resettled in Cabell County by 1920. Death Lambert died of pneumonia on June 3, 1967 in Huntington, West Virginia. He is interred at White Chapel Memorial Gardens in Barboursville. References 1873 births 1967 deaths 20th-century American historians 20th-century American male writers American school superintendents Educators from West Virginia Historians of West Virginia Marshall University alumni People from Cabell County, West Virginia People from Gallia County, Ohio People from Lawrence County, Ohio People from Raleigh County, West Virginia American school principals Morris Harvey College alumni West Virginia University alumni Writers from West Virginia Historians from Ohio American male non-fiction writers
4188875	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warrior%20of%20the%20Lost%20World	Warrior of the Lost World	Warrior of the Lost World (also known as Mad Rider) is a 1983 Italian post-apocalyptic science fiction film written and directed by David Worth and starring Robert Ginty, Persis Khambatta, and Donald Pleasence. It was created and first released in Italy under the title Il Giustiziere della terra perduta ("Vigilante of the Lost Earth") in 1983 during the wide popularity of the Mad Max films, and many subsequently created post-apocalyptic films of the 1980s. Later the film was given another Italian title for VHS and television markets, I predatori dell'anno Omega ("Raiders of the Omega year"). Plot The Rider arrives on his advanced motorcycle with its artificial intelligence computer Einstein. He crashes but manages to pass through the "wall of illusion" and is found and brought back to health by the Enlightened Elders. They have chosen him to lead their fight against the evil Omega, an Orwellian state run by the evil Prossor. The Elders are allied with the resistance movement, the Outsiders. The Rider first helps Nastasia and the other Outsiders by rescuing McWayne, Nastasia's father and leader of the Outsiders. While the Rider and McWayne successfully escape, Nastasia is captured and subjected to brainwashing by Prossor. The Rider gains acceptance from various Marginals (amazons, martial artists, truckers, punks, soldiers, Omega defectors) by winning in the ritual brawl which determines who is the strongest. The Rider and the Outsiders launch their final attack on Prossor's regime, but are intercepted by the Omegas and a giant armored truck, called Megaweapon. As the rebels destroy the Omega patrols with their cars (Ford Taunus TCs), helicopters and tankers, the Rider manages to destroy the Megaweapon by short circuiting it, but not before his speedcycle is crushed under the truck's wheels. The Rider and McWayne storm Prossor's headquarters where they face the dictator and a brainwashed Nastasia. She wounds the Rider, but when ordered to kill her father, she rebels, turning on Prossor and shooting him instead. The Omega has been overthrown, and the Outsiders and Marginals celebrate, as the Rider prepares to move on with his repaired speedcycle. In a twist, it is revealed that the man Nastasia shot was actually a cyborg clone and the real Prossor is still alive. He flies away with an unnamed traitor of the New Way (Fred Williamson), plotting revenge against the "animals" that defeated him. Mystery Science Theater 3000 Warrior of the Lost World featured in the first episode of the fifth season of Mystery Science Theater 3000. A recurring joke is that the crew can't remember the lead actor Robert Ginty's name, referring to him as "the Paper Chase guy." The crew also find the voice of the speedcycle's display screen so irritating that they cheer when it is destroyed by Megaweapon, referring to Megaweapon onwards as "the only good thing in this movie" and even giving Megaweapon (voiced by Mike Nelson) a phone call after watching the film. According to Mary Jo Pehl, a writer and later cast member of the show, Ginty is "assisted and outacted by his supersonic speedcycle", and his kiss with Persis Khambatta in the climactic scene is "guaranteed to traumatize even the most-hardened maker-outer". The Warrior of the Lost World episode is a favorite of MST3K fans; it finished #27 out of 177 in a poll of MST3K Season 11 Kickstarter backers. Writer Jim Vorel holds the episode in lower esteem than the fans, ranking the episode #98 (out of 191 total MST3K episodes). Vorel believes star Robert Ginty has the most "purely punchable face in MST3k history" and that "the film is so dull, fuzzy and unengaging". The MST3K version of the film was released on DVD by Shout! Factory on July 20, 2010, as part of the Volume XVI box set; also included in the set were The Corpse Vanishes (episode #105), Santa Claus (episode #521), and Night of the Blood Beast (episode #701). The DVD includes an interview with director David Worth, who discussed the making of the film, his directorial debut. Worth previously appeared at the first ConventioCon ExpoFest-A-Rama in 1994, and describes himself as a fan of the show. References External links 1980s science fiction films 1980s road movies 1983 films 1980s dystopian films Italian films Italian science fiction films Italian post-apocalyptic films Italian road movies 1983 directorial debut films English-language Italian films Films directed by David Worth (cinematographer)
48544030	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This%20Week%20%28newspaper%29	This Week (newspaper)	This Week was the free national tourism newspaper for Wales published between 1988 and 2005, established by Steven Potter and Terry Jackson to provide Local Knowledge Nationwide to visitors. It laid claim to being the first colour tabloid newspaper published in the United Kingdom using new, digital pre-press technology on an Apple Macintosh 512K desktop computer, a claim that remains undisputed. It laid further claim in 1995 to being the first newspaper published online, to extend local knowledge Worldwide using the original Netscape Navigator v1.0 web browser within months of its 14 December 1994 launch. Despite these early successes, the newspaper faced the same challenge as its elder contemporaries in making well-curated content pay on the World Wide Web while maintaining a traditional print presence, costly by comparison. The last edition of the newspaper appeared in 2005 under its associated Staying in Wales masthead with a new "Insight" magazine supplement featuring The Countryside–Y Cefn Gwlad while This Week went into hibernation for an indefinite period of time. The newspaper's founders went their separate ways: Steven Potter leaving Wales for London in 1995 to set up LondonTown.com; Terry Jackson remaining in Wales to develop the beta Wales.info open web platform and the newspaper's online presence. History This Week was the brainchild of Steven Potter during the second year of his marketing degree course at Lancaster University. The previous year, having convinced friend and business mentor Terry Jackson that the newly launched Apple Macintosh 512K was essential to his university studies, he arrived at the City of Lancaster with his new possession and Steve Jobs (RIP) as his all-time hero. Jackson, meanwhile, had bought Cae Rhys farmhouse on three acres of land in the Snowdonia National Park to get away from the rat race and applied for planning permission to convert barn buildings on the land into a residential education centre. This was to be run in conjunction with the Snowdonia National Park Study Centre, and school visits to the Trawsfynydd nuclear power station whose parent company, Magnox Electric, was keen on educating the next generation of energy consumers. Destiny intervened when Potter came to stay at Cae Rhys during the 1988 summer recess, ostensibly to help lay out educational programmes for the new centre on his prized Apple Mac, while Jackson researched opportunities for students to let off steam at visitor attractions in the area. With planning permission a long way off and by no means certain, and with out-of-date tourist information leaflets spilling out of cupboards and gathering dust in the farmhouse, it was a light-bulb moment for the two protagonists who decided time would be better spent researching an apparent gap in the market for up-to-date information provision to visitors at their destinations in Wales, and the potential for publishing a free newspaper for visitors, vindicated by later research. It also gave Potter a substantial, in-depth project for his marketing degree, which coincided with a report to the Wales Tourist Board in June 1988 of a Study of the Social, Cultural and Linguistic Impact of Tourism in and Upon Wales. Three months later, after Wales Tourist Board research on the information gathering habits of visitors at their destinations revealed only 1% of visitors to Wales read local newspapers because they didn't contain information relevant to their stay, This Week was born with a distribution formula targeting visitors alone, with little leakage into the domestic market and few return copies. The first North Wales edition was launched in March 1989 by Secretary of State for Wales, Wyn Roberts at Penrhyn Castle, hosted by the National Trust in Wales The front cover featured a specially commissioned watercolour of Fishing Boats at Borth-y-Gest by local Porthmadog artist Rob Piercy The launch attracted much media attention and the newspaper became the subject in 1990 of a BBC TV documentary entitled Into Print, produced by Fleet Street journalist Michael Bywater and still airing occasionally on BBC2. Regional editions covering Mid Wales, South Wales and West Wales were launched the following year to give national coverage with Wythnos Yma, a special Welsh language edition, published annually for the National Eisteddfod of Wales. Trade Mark applications were filed on 24 July 1998 for THIS WEEK and WYTHNOS YMA under Class 16: Newspapers, printed publications and letterheads, all relating to tourism in Wales. The applications were successful and Trade Mark UK00002173032 was entered into the Intellectual Property Register on 7 January 2000. National coverage enabled a series of successful, pan-Wales campaigns with major sponsors and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) support in partnership with the three Regional Tourism Companies (RTCs) in Wales under contract. When support for the RTCs was withdrawn by the Wales Tourist Board in 2002, the companies struggled to stay in existence; the partnerships were dissolved and they became market competitors with the exception of the South Wales company, which went into voluntary liquidation in 2003. As a result, and with developments hampered by the negative effect on tourism of the 2001/ 2002 foot and mouth outbreak, the newspaper was unable to build on its online investment in Wales and maintain a presence in print at the same time. A final edition was published in 2005 and the online digital assets laid to rest until a new, commercially sustainable, online business model could be conceived based on the five Cs of the new tourism marketplace: content, community, culture, connectivity, commerce. Content The newspaper's content was a formulaic mix of regional features, news in brief items, comprehensive calendars of seasonal events, and campaigns targeting specific reader groups. Editors were selected based on local knowledge, cultural integrity, journalistic experience and readability, all supported by local area maps, guides and imagery. Electronic layout and typesetting was by QuarkXPress in five columns, three for editorial matter, two for standard format advertising. AGaramond 9pt was adopted as house font, 7pt for closely set events listings, and Bodonoi Bold 56pt for headlines. The THIS WEEK masthead was set in Walbaum Roman 88/ 77pt with the National Tourism Newspaper of Wales strapline set in Frutiger UltraBlack 10.5pt. Masthead The THIS WEEK masthead drew comment from a number of well-meaning critics who felt it at odds with a newspaper starting life as a biweekly (every other week) and later becoming a seasonal, magazine-style news-sheet. This, however, was formula publishing stretched to its logical limits to deliver just-in-time information to a changing readership of visitors staying no longer than a fortnight at their destinations. In fact, the average visitor stay in the 1980s across the traditional fortnightly summer holiday and short breaks at other times of the year was less than a week. This Week therefore became the visitors' week rather than marking a sequential period of time. Maps Prolific use was made of geographic information in laying out the newspaper's editorial, helping readers to navigate pages and locate things of interest on the ground. The development of an early geographic information system using Maps in Minutes facilitated colour map production using more than a hundred different data set layers of information. Maps became a distinguishing feature of the newspaper, giving it a unique selling proposition (USP) that it was able to carry through to online publishing in conjunction with the Taste of Wales/ Blas ar Gymru Campaign. THIS WEEK became an Ordnance Survey licensed development partner to explore new, online mapping applications in particular, but complicated licensing terms stalled any worthwhile developments. Campaigns The following newspaper campaigns were designed to enhance visitors' experience at their destinations in Wales; tell stories to friends and family about their visit, and encourage return visits to Wales for holidays and short breaks. Distribution outside Wales was to encourage impromptu decisions to come to Wales. Gerald's North Wales A cartoon strip about Gerald of Wales run in conjunction with Siriol Productions and Cadw to make learning about Wales easy and fun for young visitors. Taste of Wales-Blas ar Gymru A campaign that ran through the entire lifetime of the newspaper from the first edition, which carried a 4-page Taste of Wales pullout supplement. Food and drink became a recurring theme, which, as well as representing the second biggest spend by visitors to Wales after accommodation, was one of the few Welsh 'export' items that visitors could continue to purchase on their return home. Sponsorship from the Welsh Development Agency resulted in advanced, multi-layered, colour location mapping that became the campaign's hallmark, with Cordon Bleu cook Gilli Davies joining the editorial production team. The Four Seasons in North Wales A 1989 limited edition collection of four fine art prints signed and numbered by North Wales artists celebrated completion of the first phase of restoration of the Plas Glyn-y-Weddw mansion that housed the Oriel Plas Glyn-y-Weddw Gallery: Spring at Cwm Pennant (watercolour) by Dylan Evans Summer at Dinas Dinlle (watercolour) by Dylan Evans Autumn in Beddgelert (oil) by Gwyneth ap Tomos Winter at Drws-y-Coed (oil) by Gwyneth ap Tomos CC Rover Bus Campaign Public transport also became a recurring theme in the newspaper, aiming to persuade visitors to use scenic bus routes and railways to get around and discover new things to do at their destinations. Sponsorship from Crosville Cymru enabled the creation of a fun CC Rover cartoon character whose designer Paw-Mark trailed where to go in North Wales by bus for visitors. Yr Iaith Gymraeg–The Welsh Language Useful words and phrases for greetings, eating out and place names. Wales Arts and Culture Campaign A campaign incorporating Project Ffynnon to give Wales a new-media marketing edge for the promotion of Welsh cultural tourism. 150 Things to Do in North Wales Colour centre spreads with hallmark maps and tables showing the location of 150 visitor attractions in North Wales, sponsored by First North Western trains. First North Wales Events The First North Wales Events Campaign promoted festivals and events in North Wales, supported by leaflet distribution and on-train advertising sponsored by First North Western trains. Campaign success was reported in an 18 November 2004 Wales & Borders Trains Press Release, Wales & Borders Trains and quantified using Rail Journey Data in Numbers. Cymru'r Milflwydd; An Eventful Place Supporting the newspaper's Wales Millennium Tourism Showcase at the National Eisteddfod of Wales, Llanelli 2000 by staging the first historic re-enactment to take place on a National Eisteddfod field. The event celebrated the 600th anniversary of the revolt by Owain Glyndŵr on 16 September 1400 when he proclaimed himself Prince of Wales. Wales Holiday Tourism Trails A series of sections covering the twelve topographical areas of Wales, supported by editorial, tables, maps showing the location of attractions, seasonal What's On listings, local News in Brief items and readers' Letters. Wales Cymru 2001; Open for Business Newspaper special editions supporting tourism to Wales in face of the 2001 foot and mouth epidemic. It resulted in the Wales Country Escapades Campaign and introduction of a THIS WEEK Newspaper Insight Magazine Supplement to draw visitors back to the countryside. Wales Country Escapades Supporting nineteen tourism regeneration projects in Wales, sponsored by Adfywio recovery funding from the Wales Tourist Board and Countryside Council for Wales in the wake of the 2001 foot and mouth outbreak. The Countryside–Y Cefn Gwlad Building on the Wales Country Escapades campaign, this was the first featured campaign of the newspaper's new Insight Magazine Supplement launched in 2004. It coincided with launch of the Countryside Wales UK website as part of the Wales.info beta web platform development. The Greatest Show in Wales Sponsorship by This Week of the Wales Tourist Board's Welsh Event of the Year Award, rebranded The Greatest Show in Wales, won in 2000 by the Sesiwn Fawr Dolgellau folk festival, a uniquely Welsh experience for visitors in June to this old Meirionnydd town. The Award was made in the face of stiff competition from a South Wales golfing event, which was heavily tipped to win. The judges were unanimous in considering Sesiwn Fawr Dolgellau to be a celebration of Welsh culture at its best; a prime example of how, via tourism, culture can drive economic growth in a community. The festival sat perfectly within a developing strategy for arts and culture in Wales and was set to emerge onto a wider stage, strengthening rather than foregoing its sense of local identity as it progressed. Sustainable Transport for Tourism Wales Impelled by an urgent need to reduce high-season traffic congestion in tourism honeypot areas of Wales and encouraged by the success of its First North Wales Events Campaign, the newspaper embarked on a national campaign to get visitors out of their cars at destination, reduce their carbon footprint, and help sustain an environment that attracted millions of staying and day visitors to Wales in the first place. In addition to a comprehensive 1998–2001 Phases 2 Report and a Draft 2007–2011 Phase 3 Strategy Consultation, it resulted in a seminal short paper entitled Infostructure; Sustainable Transport and Tourism, which influenced forward thinking on the rôle of the Internet in future developments. Wales Calendar An online events campaign following publication of The Way Forward in 2000. Launched in 2001, WalesCalendar.com was one of a suite of online products launched by This Week Wales in conjunction with the Taste of Wales/ Blas as Gymru scheme. It's All On the Web An interactive, newspaper/ online campaign celebrating launch on the World Wide Web of the Welsh Development Agency's Taste of Wales-Blas are Gyrmru scheme with online mapping at its core. It marked launch of the first online edition of the newspaper billed as THIS WEEK Interactive. The number 1 online guide for Wales. (see also "Online presence" below). Regional titles This Week in Clwyd This Week in Meirionnydd This Week Metro This Week in Mid Wales This Week in North Wales This Week in South and West Wales Associated publications Freedom of Wales Insight Magazine Supplement On the Waterfront; Where the City Meets the Bay Staying in Wales Wythnos Yma Distribution Visitor accommodation in Wales: bed & breakfast, guest house, hotel, caravan park and campsite. Visitor Centres (TICs): England and Wales Door-to-door: North West England, The Midlands and Dublin. Supermarkets: Asda, Morrisons and Tesco in North West England and The Midlands. Filling stations: Shell Filling stations on main routes into Wales. National events: National Eisteddfod of Wales, Royal Welsh Show. Readership A, B, C1, C2, D, E demographic National events distribution team Alan Cunnington Phil Evans Tommy Graham Iwan Jones Freddie Tanner Newspaper production Production team Publishing chief executive: Terry Jackson Group publishing director: Steven Potter Market research: Stuart Riley Managing editor: Roger Thomas Features editor: Brenda Parry Food and drink: Gilli Davies News in brief: Medwyn Roberts Readers letters: Terry Jackson Photography: Robert Eames Sales and marketing: Jim Embrey Advertising executive: Lis Owen-Jones Advertising assistant: Paul Lilley National events distribution: Phil Evans Contributors Myrddin ap Dafydd John Davies Will Edwards Mererid Hopwood Iwan Llwyd Jan Morris Charles Quant Iorwerth Roberts Sponsors Cadw Countryside Council for Wales Crosville Cymru First North Western National Eisteddfod of Wales National Trust in Wales RSPB Cymru Taste of Wales-Blas ar Gymru Wales Tourist Board Welsh Development Agency Reader surveys A 1999/ 2000 Reader Survey demonstrated the effectiveness of the newspaper in reaching its target readership through a range of distribution outlets in Wales, England and Ireland. It carried a section entitled The Way Forward and a special article on Destination Management Systems entitled A Snapshot from the Middle of a Revolution A 2001 Online Survey yielded exceptionally fast results, with charts showing reader profiles, their interests and detailed comments. Online presence An article entitled The Virtual Wales Tourist appeared in 1995 editions of the newspaper announcing the online presence of This Week at thisweek.co.uk after release of the Netscape Navigator v1.0 web browser in December 1994. It is believed to be the first online newspaper of its kind. It was the Taste of Wales/ Blas ar Gymru Campaign, however, that provided the first real opportunity for This Week to demonstrate the significant advantages the World Wide Web held for Welsh tourism with online mapping at its core. The newspaper's status as an Ordnance Survey licensed development partner would have been key at this stage were it not for licensing problems not resolved until many years later following establishment of the Open Data Institute in 2012. Instead, an alliance was formed with Google Maps and a deal brokered by the newspaper for the Wales datasets to be brought up to the same standard as those for England. As a result, and following acquisition by the newspaper of the Wales.info national web domain, Google Maps was used extensively in the beta Wales.info web platform The platform was used to demonstrate proof of concept and validate markets for linked, geospatial data on the World Wide Web. The new Countryside Wales UK website gave an early indication of the newspaper's online direction of travel following publication on the web of the first THIS WEEK WALES interactive online edition in 2005. References External links This Week in Cottenham Cottenhan Village Publications established in 1988 Newspapers published in Wales 1988 establishments in Wales
8408142	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincenzo%20Paglia	Vincenzo Paglia	Vincenzo Paglia (born 20 April 1945) is an Italian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He is President of the Pontifical Academy for Life and Grand Chancellor of the John Paul II Pontifical Theological Institute for Marriage and Family Sciences. He was President of the Pontifical Council for the Family from 2012 to 2016 and Bishop of Terni-Narni-Amelia, Italy, from 2000 to 2012. He was a co-founder of the Community of Sant'Egidio in 1968. He is also postulator for the cause of canonization of Óscar Romero (1917 – 1980), the assassinated Archbishop of San Salvador in El Salvador, and of Venerable Father Felix Varela (1788 – 1853), a Cuban-American priest who worked in Havana, New York City, and St. Augustine, Florida, in the nineteenth century. Early years Paglia was born in Boville Ernica, Frosinone, Italy. He was educated at the Pontifical Roman Minor and Major Seminary. He earned a Licentiate in Philosophy and a degree in Theology from the Pontifical Lateran University, Rome. He also earned a master's degree in Pedagogy from the University of Urbino, Italy. As a student in 1968 he was one of the co-founders of the Community of Sant'Egidio, an association of lay Catholics. He was ordained a priest for the diocese of Rome on 15 March 1970 and served as a curate in Casal Palocco from 1970 to 1973. Later he was rector of the Church of Sant'Egidio in Trastevere. From 1981 to 2000 he was pastor of the Basilica parish of Santa Maria in Trastevere. There in 1982 he initiated the annual Christmas lunch (Pranzo di Natale) for the homeless and the poor, a project of the Community of Sant'Egidio held inside the church. On 4 March 2000 Pope John Paul II appointed him bishop of Terni-Narni-Amelia. He received episcopal consecration from Cardinal Camillo Ruini on 2 April and took possession of the diocese on 16 April. In September 2002 John Paul named him President of the Catholic Biblical Federation. From 2004 to 2009 he was chairman of the Commission for Ecumenism and Dialogue of the Italian Episcopal Conference, and from 2009 until 2012 he was president of the Episcopal Conference of Umbria. As President of the Conference of Bishops of Umbria, he promoted the Solidarity Fund, an initiative that provides economic support for families particularly affected by the recent economic crisis. He was ecclesiastical advisor of the Community of Sant'Egidio. On September 19, 2016, Paglia celebrated in Livorno the private funerals of the Italian President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi and the benediction of Pope Francis. For some decades, Paglia had been the personal friend and private confessor of Ciampi. He was the first priest to enter Albania after the elections in March and April 1991. He successfully negotiated the re-opening of the seminary and the return of the cathedral, and he paved the way for relations between Albania and the Holy See. In December 2010, the town of Narnia sold a castle to an Italian investment group whose head was also a financial officer of Paglia's diocese. A government investigation into the transaction found Paglia had not been involved. On 6 January 2011 he was named one of the first members, for a five-year renewable term, of the Pontifical Council for Promoting the New Evangelization. He has been responsible for inter-religious dialogue and has opposed a cooling of relations with Jewish leaders. He was also the postulator of the cause of beatification of Mgr. Oscar Romero and wore his pectoral cross that had been donated to Paglia by Mgr. Ricardo Urioste, the Romero's auxiliary bishop. Pontifical Council for the Family On 26 June 2012 Pope Benedict XVI named him President of the Pontifical Council for the Family and raised him to the rank of archbishop. In February 2013 he noted in an interview that homosexual couples should be safe from unjust discrimination in countries where homosexual acts are illegal. He later said that he was not suggesting a change in church doctrine and that he was restating the official teaching of the Church. As President of the Pontifical Council for the Family he was responsible for the Church's triennial World Meeting of Families. His tenure as head of the Pontifical Council on the Family ended when that department's functions were taken over by the new Dicastery for the Laity, Family and Life on 1 September 2016. Pontifical Academy for Life In August 2016, Pope Francis named him President of the Pontifical Academy for Life and Grand Chancellor of the Pontifical John Paul II Institute for Studies on Marriage and Family, later renamed the John Paul II Pontifical Theological Institute for Marriage and Family Sciences. References External links Vincenzo Paglia. Diocese of Terni Austen Ivereigh, "Head of Vatican’s Academy of Life: Dialogue is love, not compromise", CRUX, 18 July 2017 Edward Pentin, "Archbishop Paglia Lays Out His Vision for the Pontifical Academy for Life", National Catholic Register, 6 June 2017 Catholic Hierarchy entry 1945 births Living people 21st-century Italian Roman Catholic bishops People from Frosinone Pontifical Lateran University alumni Pontifical Roman Seminary alumni Members of the Pontifical Council for the Promotion of the New Evangelisation Pontifical Academy for Life
66216378	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dylan%20Giambatista	Dylan Giambatista	Dylan Giambatista is an American politician and musician who served in the Vermont House of Representatives from 2017 to 2021. Giambatista was born in Rutland, Vermont and was educated in public schools before leaving high school at age 16. A self-taught musician, throughout his childhood, he was a drummer and guitarist for several rock bands, and was a founding member of the Burlington-based band Rough Francis. Giambatista became interested in politics while touring in bands and eventually decided to continue his education at the Community College of Vermont. He later attended Johnson State College, where he met then-State Senator Bill Doyle. Giambatista completed his B.A. at Johnson and was later awarded the college's Rising Star Alumni Award in 2016. Giambatista worked on statewide political campaigns before joining the Office of the Vermont State Treasurer as an aide to Treasurer Beth Pearce. In 2014 he became Chief of Staff to Shap Smith, who was then serving as Speaker of the Vermont House of Representatives. Upon completion of the 2015-2016 legislative biennium in May, 2016, Giambatista launched a successful campaign for State Representative in the Chittenden 8-2 House District. After being sworn in, Giambatista was assigned to the House Education Committee. In 2018 he was elected by a Joint Assembly of the Vermont General Assembly to serve a 4-year term on the Vermont State Colleges System Board of Trustees. Giambatista was re-elected in 2018. He was elected Assistant Majority Leader of the Democratic Caucus and served in that capacity until his term concluded in January 2021. Giambatista was an unsuccessful candidate for Vermont State Senate in 2020. References Living people 21st-century American politicians Members of the Vermont House of Representatives Women state legislators in Vermont People from Rutland County, Vermont Year of birth missing (living people) Vermont Democrats 21st-century American women politicians
61037656	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giacomo%20Scalet	Giacomo Scalet	Giacomo Scalet (born 27 December 1909, date of death unknown) was an Italian cross-country skier. He competed in the men's 50 kilometre event at the 1936 Winter Olympics. References 1909 births Year of death missing Italian male cross-country skiers Olympic cross-country skiers of Italy Cross-country skiers at the 1936 Winter Olympics Place of birth missing
50859279	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Masquerade	New Masquerade	The New Masquerade was a Nigerian sitcom that aired on the Nigerian Television Network on Tuesday nights from 8:30pm – 9:00pm during the 1980s until the mid-1990s. It was created and written by James Iroha who also acted in the sitcom. It is one of Nigeria's longest running sitcoms. The TV show started out as radio program known as The Masquerade transmitted on the East Central State Broadcasting Corporation, Enugu. Synopsis The show started out a segment called Masquerade aired on In the Lighter Mood, radio program of the East Central Broadcasting Corporation. It was created after the civil war as a means to bring laughter to the homes of citizens after the devastation caused by the Nigerian Civil War. The creator was James Iroha who also played Giringori on the TV show. The protagonist of the show is Chief Zebrudaya, a World War II veteran who has visited various foreign countries and he is perceived by other characters to have attained some level of sophistication and enlightenment. Many of the shows' plot take place in Zebrudaya's sitting room. Zebrudaya has a wife, Ovularia, a daughter, Philo and two Houseboys, Clarus and Giringori.Though a comedy, the show also incorporate melodramatic plots about teaching morals and the consequences of some of society's problems if they are not corrected. Cast and characters Chika Okpala as Zebrudaya - also known by his alias 4:30 is a domineering husband; he has a range of experience as an ex-serviceman and resident in foreign countries. He uses a mixture of Queens English, Igbo language and Pidgin English as a means of communication Lizzy Evoeme as Ovularia - Zebrudaya's wife, a submissive lady who takes care of the house and also engage in petty trading. Claude Eke as Jegede Sokoya - Zeburudaya's friend whose arrogance and quest for easy money acts as a source of conflict between him and the more honest Zeburudaya. He calls himself a doctor and the youngest millionaire in the universe. He likes to demonstrate his ability to speak in Queens English by using bombast or pretentious style of speaking. James Iroha as Giringori Akabogu - Houseboy, speaks in pidgin English. Iroha was also the creator of the sitcom. Christy Essien-Igbokwe as Apena - Sokoya's wife. David Ofor as Clarus - Giringory's partner as houseboy to Zebrudaya References Nigerian comedy television series
45310963	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian%20Fencing%20Federation	Russian Fencing Federation	The Russian Fencing Federation (; ) is the governing body for the sport of fencing in Russia. It was created proper in 1992, but its previous incarnation was affiliated to the Fédération Internationale d'Escrime in 1914. FFR is a member of the European Fencing Confederation and of the Russian Olympic Committee. It is composed of 35 regional organizations. References External links National federations of the European Fencing Confederation Fencing Organizations based in Moscow Sports organizations established in 1992
52072501	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridge%20Creek%20%28Fabius%20River%20tributary%29	Bridge Creek (Fabius River tributary)	Bridge Creek is a stream in Knox and Lewis counties of the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of the Middle Fabius River. Bridge Creek was named for a covered bridge near its mouth. See also List of rivers of Missouri References Rivers of Knox County, Missouri Rivers of Lewis County, Missouri Rivers of Missouri
54214404	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCHA%20Members%20Hall%20of%20Fame	NCHA Members Hall of Fame	NCHA Members Hall of Fame was established in 1977 by the National Cutting Horse Association (NCHA) to honor those members who have demonstrated "through their own efforts and those of the horses they raise" over a period time, their dedication to the sport of cutting, as well as their outstanding and unusual contributions to the NCHA's basic mission in promoting the sport of cutting. In addition to their Member's Hall of Fame, the NCHA established the following: Non-Pro Hall of Fame, NCHA Rider Hall of Fame, NCHA Horse Hall of Fame, Youth Hall of Fame and Horse of the Year. Hall of Fame honorees Dave Batty, Coldstream BC, Canada Chris Benedict, Weatherford, TX Ernie Beutenmiller, Sr, Union, MO Bobby Brown, Collierville, TN E.C. Bryant, Jr., Weatherford, TX Lindy Burch, Weatherford, TX Don Bussey, Guin, AL Punk Carter, Celina, TX Bette Cogdell, Tulia, TX Carolyn Crist, Fort Worth, TX Paul Crumpler, Wichita Falls, TX Dennie Dunn, Salt Lake City, UT James Eakin, Hondo, TX Jo Ellard, Dallas, TX Ben Emison, Weatherford, TX Jonathan Foote, Livingston, MT Dick Gaines, Byers, TX Kenneth Galyean, Bentonville, AR Lee Garner, Batesville, MS Helen K. Groves, Baird, TX Leroy Hamann, Belleville, IL Rufus Hayes, Milton, FL Walter Hellyer, Canada Edley Hixson, Jr., DeRidder, LA Wayne Hodges, Weatherford, TX James Hooper, Decatur, AL Pat Jacobs, Burleson, TX Lisa Johnson, Clayton, NC Bob Joy, Cresson, TX Mike Kelly, Mansfield, TX Tom Lyons, Grandview, TX David McGregor, Santa Ynez, CA Tom McGuane, McLeod, MT Jim Milner, Southlake, TX Mary Jo Milner, Southlake, TX Tommy Moore, Aledo, TX W.S. "Billy" Morris, III., Augusta, GA Murlene Mowery, Millsap, TX Don Neuenschwander, Houston, TX Jimmy Orrell, Monticello, AR Harland Radomske, Weatherford, TX Bill Riddle, Ringling, OK Terry Riddle, Wynnewood, OK Dave Robson, Calgary, AB Mel Shearin, Villa Ridge, MO Sam Shepard, Verbena, AL Ray Smith, Mantachie, MS Don Strain, White River, SD Terry Strange, Houston, TX Mance Stark, Merryville, LA George Stout, Santa Ynez, CA Chubby Turner, Weatherford, TX Buster Welch, Rotan, TX Mike Wells, Houston, TX Deceased honorees S.J. Agnew Judy Burton Armstrong Beamon Ashley Dorris Letcher Ballew Emry Birdwell Grady Blue Gayle Borland Edd Bottom Norman Bruce Robert "Bob" Burton Stanley Bush H. Calhoun Jim Calhoun Don Carr John Carter Billy Cogdell Bill Collins Bobby Cook S.J. "Red" Cook J.D. Craft Willard Davis Chester Dennis Don Dodge Pat Earnheart Dan Evans Marion Flynt J.M. "Shorty" Freeman J.M. Frost, III. George Glascock Don Gould Harry J. Guffee Ike Hamilton Mary Harbinson Hensley Volney Hildreth C.P. Honeycutt Cletus Hulling Kenneth Jackson James Kenney Harold Knox, Sr. R. C. "Dick" Martin Byron Matthews Jack Mehrens Art Miller Douglas B. Mitchell Roger Odum L.M. "Pat" Patterson Albert H. Paxton Louis Pearce Jr. Jimmy Randals Jim Reno Matlock Rose Tom B. Saunders Fern Sawyer Modine Smith Don Taylor Dr. Lamar Thaggard Larry Townsend Ray Smyth Greg Welch Dale Wilkinson Philip Williams Sam Wilson Zack T. Wood Jr. W.H. (Dub) Worrell References National Cutting Horse Association Equestrian museums in the United States Halls of fame in Texas Awards established in 1977
67416243	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaohuang	Gaohuang	Gaohuang () is a town in Panji District, Huainan, Anhui. , it administers Qianwei Residential Community () and the following 24 villages: Gaohuang Village Shunhe Village () Zhugang Village () Houji Village () Minzhu Village () Daji Village () Longwo Village () Sungang Village () Caoyin Village () Laowei Village () Suju Village () Xiangdong Village () Duangang Village () Shengli Village () Zhaogang Village () Waxi Village () Huaishang Village () Antai Village () Duanwan Village () Guangming Village () Zhakou Village () Zhanggang Village () Huji Village () Laohu Village () References Panji District Township-level divisions of Anhui
3507671	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maris%20Martinsons	Maris Martinsons	Maris Martinsons is a professor of management currently associated with the City University of Hong Kong, the Stockholm School of Economics, and the University of Toronto. He received his B.A.Sc. in engineering science and MBA from the University of Toronto, and a PhD in industrial and business studies from the University of Warwick. He has served as editor for the following scholarly journals: IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, the Journal of Applied Management Studies, the Journal of Information Technology Management, the Journal of Management Systems, and the Communications of the ACM. Martinsons has worked as a business consultant for companies including Ernst & Young, DRI/McGraw-Hill, and McKinsey & Co., and has served as an external advisor to the governments of Hong Kong and Latvia. Martinsons exemplifies a new generation of global scholars. A Latvian-Canadian who was educated in both North America and Europe, Martinsons has been a visiting professor at universities on six continents and is now based in the Asia-Pacific region. He worked to internationalize the (U.S.) Academy of Management, primarily by bridging the East-West divide. Martinsons is a leading authority on strategic management, organizational change, and knowledge management/information systems. His research and insights have been published widely in Chinese, French, German, Japanese, Korean, Latvian, Russian and Spanish as well as English. Martinsons has researched the strategic management of competitive enterprises in uncertain business environments as well as the diagnosis, planning and implementation of transformational organizational change. The level of analysis in his studies has ranged from individuals (top management decision making) and small groups (knowledge management systems) to organisations (business performance management, links between business strategy and information technology/systems) and entire industries and economies (strategic intelligence in pre-handover Hong Kong, post-Soviet reform in Latvia, e-commerce in 21st century China). Martinsons also pioneered the research of both green business issues (sustainable development and environmental technologies) and information ethics in the context of Hong Kong and China. According to Google Scholar, Maris Martinsons has authored 3 of the 10 most cited articles on Chinese management while his publications have received more than 7,000 citations. According to a Stanford University study, Professor Martinsons ranks among the Top 2% of the world's scientists. Martinsons received the Distinguished Young Scholar Award from the International Association of Management in 1995. He has been a keynote speaker at meetings of scholarly societies, industry groups and professional associations, such as the Baltic Business Congress, the East Asian Executive Forum, the International Association of Management, the Pacific Rim Leadership Summit, the Peak Time international business case competition and the World Knowledge Forum. Martinsons has been a pioneer with action research and e-learning. Based on a philosophy that stresses the integration of theory and practice and the application of systematic frameworks/models and principles, the "Martinsons on Management" learning platform and a series of "Management by Martinsons" masterclasses have played significant roles in professionalizing management in transitional economies such as mainland China and the Baltic States. The programs incorporate various intellectual and physical challenges that take participants beyond their comfort zones to develop both greater confidence and competence. He has also used IT extensively to develop multimedia teaching materials and online education environments that take the learning process far beyond the classroom. Martinsons is also an accomplished athlete, having represented Canada, Latvia and Hong Kong in international sporting competitions . Publications Book Information technology and the challenge for Hong Kong / edited by Janice M. Burn and Maris G. Martinsons. Hong Kong : Hong Kong University Press, c1997. Dissertation Strategic Intelligence in Hong Kong, How chief executives managed information/knowledge amidst the environmental uncertainty of pre-handover Hong Kong / University of Warwick Scholarship According to Google Scholar, the most cited peer-reviewed journal articles by Maris Martinsons are: Martinsons, M., Davison, R., Tse, D. (1999). The balanced scorecard: A foundation for the strategic management of information systems, Decision Support Systems, 25(1), pp. 71–88. Cited more than 900 times in English and 200 times in other languages. Davison, R.M., Martinsons, M.G., Kock, N. (2004). Principles of canonical action research, Information Systems Journal, 14(1), pp. 65–86. Cited more than 1000 times. Martinsons, M.G., Westwood, R.I. (1997). Management information systems in the Chinese business culture: An explanatory theory, Information and Management, 32(5), pp. 215–228. Cited more than 700 times in Chinese and 300 times in English. Martinsons, M.G. (2008). Relationship-based e-commerce: Theory and evidence from China, Information Systems Journal, 18(4), pp. 331–356. Cited more than 600 times, including 250 times in English. Martinsons, M.G., Chong, P.K.C. (1999). The influence of human factors and specialist involvement on information systems success, Human Relations, 52(1), pp. 123–151. Cited 300 times. Davison, R.M., Ou, C.X.J., Martinsons, M.G. (2013). Information technology to support informal knowledge sharing, Information Systems Journal 23(1), pp. 89-109. Cited more than 200 times. Martinsons, M.G., Davison, R.M. (2007). Strategic decision making and support systems: Contrasting American, Japanese and Chinese Management, Decision Support Systems, 43(1), pp. 284–300. Cited more than 150 times. Martinsons, M.G. (1993) Outsourcing information systems: A strategic partnership with risks, Long Range Planning, 26 (3), pp. 18–25. Cited more than 150 times. Martinsons, M.G. (2002). Electronic commerce in China, Information & Management, 39(5), pp. 71–79. Cited more than 100 times in English and 200 times in Chinese. Martinsons, M.G. (2004). ERP in China, Communications of the ACM, 47(7), pp. 65–68. Cited more than 150 times. Burrows, G.R., Drummond, D.L., Martinsons, M.G. (2005). Knowledge management in China, Communications of the ACM, 48(4), pp 44–48. Cited more than 50 times in English and 150 times in Chinese. Martinsons, M.G., Hempel, P.S. (1995). Chinese management systems: historical and cross-cultural perspectives, Journal of Management Systems, 7(1), pp. 1–11. Cited more than 60 times in English and 200 times in Chinese. Martinsons, M.G., Martinsons, A.G.B. (1996). Conquering cultural constraints to cultivate Chinese management creativity and innovation, Journal of Management Development 15(9), pp. 18–35. Cited more than 100 times. Martinsons, M.G. (1994). Benchmarking human resource information systems in Canada and Hong Kong, Information & Management, 26 (6), pp. 305–316. Cited more than 100 times. External links Google Scholar profile {https://www.cb.cityu.edu.hk/News-and-Events/news/2021/02/Seven-CB-faculty-members-listed-the-worlds-top-2-scientists Top 2% Scientists list] City University scholarship profile SSRN author profile 1960 births Living people Alumni of the University of Warwick University of Toronto alumni City University of Hong Kong faculty
50925557	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carter%20High	Carter High	Carter High is a 2015 American sports film directed and written by Arthur Muhammad. The film is centered on the 1988 Cowboys of David W. Carter High School in Dallas, a team that fought through racial prejudice and a grades controversy to claim the 5A state title, only to be rocked when six of their players were involved in an armed robbery and the grades issue stripped them of their title. The film is produced by former Dallas Cowboys Defensive End Greg Ellis. Plot The film starts with a court sentencing procedure due to crimes committed by various Carter High football team members. We subsequently learn about each of the player's background. One student transferred classes due to an incomplete grade, that could have caused his ineligibility to stay on the football team. In 1988, the Carter High Cowboys football team was involved in a public scandal while in the midst of a run in the Texas 5A state playoffs, which included a semifinal victory over Odessa's Permian High that would become a central event in the book (and subsequent movie and television treatments) Friday Night Lights: A Town, a Team, and a Dream. Cast Charles S. Dutton ... Coach James Pooch Hall ... Coach Vonner David Banner ... Royce West John West Jr. ... Bryce Reginald C. Hayes ... Mr. Russeau Vivica A. Fox ... Mrs. James References External links Official website 2015 films American football films American films
48593621	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huehue%20Acamapichtli	Huehue Acamapichtli	Huehue Acamapichtli (Ācamāpichtli [aːkamaːˈpit͡ʃt͡ɬi] = "Handful of reeds", ) was a king (Nahuatl: tlatoani) of Culhuacán. He was a son — and successor — of King Coxcoxtli and his wife. His sister was Atotoztli I of Culhuacán — mother of tlatoani of Tenochtitlan, named also Acamapichtli. Diego Durán, Fernando Alvarado Tezozómoc and Fernando de Alva Cortés Ixtlilxochitl mentioned that Huehue Acamapichtli occupied the throne of Culhuacán in 1324. Sources Tlatoque
1483911	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardelegen%20massacre	Gardelegen massacre	The Gardelegen massacre was a massacre perpetrated by the German local population (Volkssturm, Hitlerjugend and local firefighters) with minor direction from the SS during World War II. On April 13, 1945, on the Isenschnibbe estate near the northern German town of Gardelegen, the troops forced over 1,000 slave laborers who were part of a transport train evacuated from the Mittelbau-Dora and Hannover-Stöcken concentration camps into a large barn, which was then set on fire. 1,016 prisoners, of which the largest number were Poles, were burned alive or shot trying to escape. The crime was discovered two days later by Company F, 2nd Battalion, 405th Infantry Regiment, U.S. 102nd Infantry Division, when the U.S. Army occupied the area. Eleven prisoners were found alive – seven Poles, three Russians and a Frenchman. The testimonies of survivors were collected and published by Melchior Wańkowicz in 1969, in the book From Stołpców to Cairo. Gardelegen became a part of the newly established German Democratic Republic in 1947 and is now in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Details The discovery of the massacre seems to have been by chance. The consensus account is that American Lieutenant Emerson Hunt, a liaison officer between 102nd Infantry Division headquarters and the 701st Tank Battalion, was captured by German forces on April 14, 1945, and bluffed the German forces defending the town of Gardelegen into believing that American tanks were approaching the city. This induced the German commander to surrender to the American forces. The Americans arrived at the site before the Germans had time to bury all of the bodies. On April 3–4, following the U.S. Army's crossing of the Rhine River and push into Germany, the SS camp administration at Dora-Mittelbau had ordered the evacuation of prisoners from the main camp and a number of its affiliated subcamps. The goal was to transport the inmates by train or by foot to the other north German concentration camps: Bergen-Belsen, Sachsenhausen, or Neuengamme. Within days, some 4,000 prisoners from Mittelbau-Dora, its satellite camps, and from the Neuengamme subcamp Hannover-Stöcken arrived in the Gardelegen area, where they had to deboard from the freight cars because the trains could not advance any further due to air raid damage to the rail lines. Greatly outnumbered by the prisoners, the SS guards began recruiting auxiliary forces from the local fire department, the air force, the aged home guard, the Hitler Youth, and other organizations to watch over the inmates. On April 13, more than a thousand prisoners, many of them sick and too weak to march any further, were taken from the town of Gardelegen to a large barn on the Isenschnibbe estate and forced inside the building. The assembled guards then barricaded the doors and set fire to gasoline-soaked straw. Prisoners who escaped the conflagration by digging under the barn's walls were killed by the guards. The next day, the SS and local auxiliaries returned to dispose of the evidence of their crime. They planned to incinerate what remained of the bodies and the barn, and kill any survivors of the blaze. The swift advance of the 102nd Infantry Division, however, prevented the SS and its accomplices from completely carrying out this plan. On April 14, the 102nd entered Gardelegen and, the following day, discovered the atrocity. They found the corpses of 1,016 prisoners in the still-smoldering barn and nearby trenches, where the SS had the charred remains dumped. They also interviewed several of the prisoners who had managed to escape the fire and the shootings. U.S. Army Signal Corps photographers soon arrived to document the Nazi crime and by April 19, 1945, the story of the Gardelegen massacre began appearing in the Western press. On that day, both the New York Times and The Washington Post ran stories on the massacre, quoting one American soldier who stated: I never was so sure before of exactly what I was fighting for. Before this you would have said those stories were propaganda, but now you know they weren't. There are the bodies and all those guys are dead. Eleven prisoners survived the burning of the barn and were found alive by U.S. soldiers – seven Poles, three Russians and one severely wounded Frenchman. On April 21, 1945, the local commander of the 102nd ordered between 200 and 300 men from the town of Gardelegen to give the murdered prisoners a proper burial. Over the next few days, the German civilians exhumed 586 bodies from the trenches and recovered 430 bodies from the barn, placing each in an individual grave. On April 25, the 102nd carried out a ceremony to honor the dead and erected a memorial tablet to the victims, which stated that the townspeople of Gardelegen are charged with the responsibility that the “graves are forever kept as green as the memory of these unfortunates will be kept in the hearts of freedom-loving men everywhere.” Also on April 25, Colonel George Lynch addressed German civilians at Gardelegen with the following statement: The German people have been told that stories of German atrocities were Allied propaganda. Here, you can see for yourself. Some will say that the Nazis were responsible for this crime. Others will point to the Gestapo. The responsibility rests with neither — it is the responsibility of the German people....Your so-called Master Race has demonstrated that it is master only of crime, cruelty and sadism. You have lost the respect of the civilized world. Investigation An investigation was undertaken by Lieutenant Colonel Edward E. Cruise, Investigating Officer, Ninth Army War Crimes Branch. Text of Lieutenant Colonel Cruise's report and text of other exhibits are stored in US Army file 000-12-242. SS-Untersturmführer , the transport leader for the prisoners evacuated from the Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp who subsequently wound up in Gardelegen, was put on trial in 1947 before a US military tribunal and was convicted and sentenced to life in prison. He died of leukemia in 1950. Statements of the survivors were gathered by Polish writer Melchior Wańkowicz and published in 1969. Memorials Gardelegen is now a national memorial, which was rearranged by the former German Democratic Republic from 1952 till 1971. The sign at the cemetery, founded by the U.S. Army, reads: The sign at the remaining wall of the barn, applied by officials of the German Democratic Republic, reads: Memorial barn Isenschnibbe Gardelegen The memorial is located at the historic scene of the massacre of Gardelegen. It is a reminder of the 1016 concentration camp prisoners from many European countries who were murdered there on 13 April 1945 in a field barn near the Hanseatic city of Gardelegen. The site also includes the Memorial Cemetery, where the victims of the massacre are buried. A visitor and documentation center with a permanent exhibition is being built on the site in 2018. References A Soldier's Story on Nazi Evil, Effingham Daily News, May 1, 1999 Daniel Blatman: Die Todesmärsche 1944/45. Das letzte Kapitel des nationalsozialistischen Massenmords. Reinbek 2011, . Andreas Froese-Karow: „Gedenken gestalten.“ Das neue Besucher- und Dokumentationszentrum der Gedenkstätte Feldscheune Isenschnibbe Gardelegen [archive], in: Gedenkstättenrundbrief Nr. 183 (2016), S. 35–43. Diana Gring: Das Massaker von Gardelegen. Ansätze zur Spezifizierung von Todesmärschen am Beispiel Gardelegen. In: Detlef Garbe, Carmen Lange (Hrsg.): Häftlinge zwischen Vernichtung und Befreiung. Bremen 2005, , S. 155–168. Diana Gring: Die Todesmärsche und das Massaker von Gardelegen – NS-Verbrechen in der Endphase des Zweiten Weltkrieges, Gardelegen 1993. Diana Gring: "Man kann sich nicht vorstellen, daß die Nacht jemals ein Ende hat": Das Massaker von Gardelegen im April 1945, in: Detlef Garbe, Carmen Lange, Carmen (Hrsg.): Häftlinge zwischen Vernichtung und Befreiung. Die Auflösung des KZ Neuengamme und seiner Außenlager durch die SS im Frühjahr 1945, Bremen 2005, , S. 52–56, (PDF;47 kB) [archive]. Torsten Haarseim: Gardelegen Holocaust (en allemand). Editions winterwork, 2013, (). Thomas Irmer: Neue Quellen zur Geschichte des Massakers von Gardelegen [archive], in: Gedenkstättenrundbrief 156 (2010), S. 14–19. Ulrich Kalmbach, Jürgen M. Pietsch: Zwischen Vergessen und Erinnerung. Stätten des Gedenkens im Altmarkkreis Salzwedel, Delitzsch 2001. Landeszentrale für politische Bildung Sachsen-Anhalt (Hg). Verortet. Erinnern und Gedenken in Sachsen-Anhalt. Magdeburg 2004. Joachim Neander: Gardelegen 1945. Das Ende der Häftlingstransporte aus dem Konzentrationslager "Mittelbau", Magdeburg 1998. Ingolf Seidel: Gedenkstätte Feldscheune Isenschnibbe – Ausbau mit Hindernissen [archive], LaG-Magazin, Sonderausgabe vom 15. März 2017. External links Official Website of Isenschnibbe Barn Memorial Gardelegen Gardelegen at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Memorial at the Stiftung für die ermordeten Juden Europas The memorial at the Gardelegen municipality site Video made by the DOD with title: "MURDER INC", GARDELEGEN, GERMANY Pictures from Gardelegen, April 1945 Das Massaker von Gardelegen, video by Offener Kanal Magdeburg at Youtube Notes This article incorporates text from the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, and has been released under the GFDL. Nazi war crimes in Germany Nazi SS Conflicts in 1945 1945 in Germany April 1945 events Massacres in the 1940s Massacres in Germany Mass murder in 1945
26877226	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alicella	Alicella	Alicella gigantea is the largest species of amphipod ever observed, with some individuals reaching up to long. Formerly included in the family Lysianassidae, a new family, Alicellidae, was erected in 2008 for Alicella and five related genera. The species lives only at great depths; the first specimens were collected at the end of the 19th century from the Madeira Abyssal Plain, and subsequent specimens have been found in other abyssal plains of both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, as well as from the Kermadec Trench in the southwest Pacific. One specimen was found in the stomach of a black-footed albatross, but is thought to have been dead before it was eaten. References Gammaridea Monotypic crustacean genera Crustaceans described in 1899
52441867	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi%20Guglielmo%20Cambray-Digny	Luigi Guglielmo Cambray-Digny	Luigi Guglielmo Cambray-Digny (8 April 1820 – 11 December 1906) was an Italian politician. He was born in Florence and he was the first mayor of his hometown. He was a recipient of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus. See also References External links Ulteriori informazioni nella scheda sul database dell'Archivio Storico del Senato, I Senatori d'Italia. 1820 births 1906 deaths 19th-century Italian politicians Finance ministers of Italy Mayors of Florence Recipients of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus Presidents of the Province of Florence
68381368	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koeharu%21	Koeharu!	is a Japanese television series starring members of the idol group Hinatazaka46. The show follows the students daily lives as they attend a voice acting school. The show aired on Nippon TV at 1:00 AM to 1:30 AM on Thursdays, and was available on Hulu after it finished airing. The series is the third television series to feature Hinatazaka46, after Re:Mind and Dasada, but Koeharu! is the first to not include every member. Premise Meiko Hinowa (Mirei Sasaki) decides to enroll in a voice acting academy named "Kirameki Academy" to audition for a role in her favorite manga series that is getting an anime adaptation. She befriends people at her dormitory and school as they all work towards their dream roles. Cast Hinatazaka46 Mirei Sasaki as , soft-spoken and introverted student that's inspired to become a voice actor due to Enjō Kinakuji's manga work. Akari Nibu as , student at the academy and self-proclaimed Meiko's rival. Miho Watanabe as , student at the academy. Attended the same high school as Meiko. Miku Kanemura as , older student at the academy. Aspires to be an idol. Hina Kawata as , student at the academy and admires Yukina. Hinano Kamimura as , student at the academy. Looks up to Meiko as a mentor. Ayaka Takamoto as , former student and dorm mother. Konoka Matsuda as , Chizue's classmate and part of the idol duo "Maririn & Ruby" Sarina Ushio as the voice of , the narrator and the character on Meiko's handkerchief. Also appears as herself in the final episode. Others Kōichi Yamadera as , headmaster at the academy Aya Hirano as , instructor at the academy Naoto Takenaka as , manga artist Keiko Toda as Meiko's grandmother Episodes Production The series was announced on March 27, 2021 during the second day of Hinatazaka46's 2nd anniversary concert. Koeharu aired on Nippon TV between April 29 and July 1, 2021, and was available on Hulu after its broadcast. An accompanying talk show was also included on Hulu where Sarina Ushio, the narrator of the series, interviewed other Hinatazaka46 cast members. Soundtrack The opening and closing theme song, "Koe no Ashiato", is included in Hinatazaka46's single "Kimi Shika Katan". In the storyline, there are also two musical groups who each record a song in the series' soundtrack: by Maririn & Ruby (Konoka Matsuda and Suzuka Tomita), and "Hell Rose" by Chocola Chocola (Hina Kawata, Hiyori Hamagishi, and Mei Higashimura). References Hinatazaka46 2021 Japanese television series debuts Nippon TV dramas
15304573	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Security%20Council%20Resolution%20521	United Nations Security Council Resolution 521	United Nations Security Council resolution 521, adopted unanimously on 19 September 1982, after condemning the massacre of Palestinians in Beirut, Lebanon, by the Lebanese Forces militia group, the Council reaffirmed resolutions 512 (1982) and 513 (1982) which called for respect for the rights of the civilian population without any discrimination and repudiates all acts of violence against that population. The resolution continued by authorising the Secretary-General to increase the number of United Nations observers in and around Beirut from 10 to 50 and insists that there shall be no interference with the deployment of the observers and that they shall full freedom of movement. It also requested the Secretary-General to, as a matter of urgency, initiate appropriate consultations and in particular consultations with the Government of Lebanon on additional steps which the Council might take, including the possible deployment of United Nations forces, to assist that Government in ensuring full protection for the civilian population in and around Beirut. Finally, Resolution 521 reminded Member States to accept and carry out resolutions by the Council under Article 25 of the Charter of the United Nations and requested the Secretary-General to report to the Council within forty-eight hours on developments in the region. See also 1982 Lebanon War Cedar Revolution Israeli–Lebanese conflict Lebanese Civil War List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 501 to 600 (1982–1987) Sabra and Shatila massacre Syrian occupation of Lebanon United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon References Text of the Resolution at undocs.org External links 0521 0521 Israeli–Lebanese conflict 1982 in Israel 1982 in Lebanon 0521 September 1982 events
56491135	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man%2C%20Woman%20%26%20Marriage	Man, Woman & Marriage	Man, Woman & Marriage is a 1921 American silent drama film produced and directed by Allen Holubar and starring Dorothy Phillips. It was released through Associated First National Pictures. It is also known under the title Man-Woman-Marriage. Cast Dorothy Phillips as Victoria Ralph Lewis as The Father Margaret Mann as The Mother James Kirkwood as David Courtney Robert Cain as Bruce Schuyler J. Barney Sherry as Henshaw Shannon Day as Bobo Frances Parks as Milly Emily Chichester as Jerry unbilled Bernice Gevurtz (uncredited) Robert Livingston (uncredited) Ramon Novarro as Dancer (uncredited) Derelys Perdue (uncredited) Production The film attracted publicity in 1920, months before its release, because 160 of the extras in its battle scene filed injury reports with California's State Industrial Commission on September 14, 1920. Reportedly, nine of the participants were hospitalized after being hurt during the filming near Chatsworth, California. Reception In his review for the first incarnation of Life, Robert E. Sherwood called the film "the world's worst movie". Sherwood described the film as "a grotesque hodgepodge about woman's rights through the ages (interminable ages they are, too) with a great deal of ham allegory and cheap religious drool, used to cloud the real motif — which is sex appeal." Preservation status The film is preserved in the EYE Institut collection Filmmuseum, Amsterdam. Image gallery References External links Man-Woman-Marriage, starring Dorothy Phillips: Big doings on the Iverson Movie Ranch way back in 1920! 1921 films American silent feature films Films directed by Allen Holubar First National Pictures films American films American black-and-white films
24816842	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruna%20Shanbaug%20case	Aruna Shanbaug case	Aruna Ramchandra Shanbaug (1 June 1948 – 18 May 2015), was an Indian nurse who was at the centre of attention in a court case on euthanasia after spending nearly 42 years in a vegetative state as a result of sexual assault. In 1973, while working as a junior nurse at King Edward Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Shanbaug was sexually assaulted by a ward boy, Sohanlal Bhartha Walmiki, and remained in a vegetative state following the assault. On 24 January 2011, after Shanbaug had been in this state for 37 years, the Supreme Court of India responded to a plea for euthanasia filed by journalist Pinki Virani, setting up a medical panel to examine her. The court rejected the petition on 7 March 2011. However, in its landmark opinion, it allowed passive euthanasia in India. Shanbaug died of pneumonia on 18 May 2015, after being in a persistent vegetative state for nearly 42 years. Sohanlal Walmiki was tracked down by journalist Dnyanesh Chavan. Victim Aruna Shanbaug was born in 1948 in Haldipur, Uttar Kannada, Karnataka. She worked as a nurse at the King Edward Memorial Hospital (KEM) in Mumbai. At the time of the attack, she was engaged to a doctor employed at the same hospital. Attack On the night of 27 November 1973, the then 25-year-old Shanbaug was sexually assaulted by Sohanlal Bhartha Walmiki, a sweeper on contract at the King Edward Memorial Hospital. Sohanlal attacked her while she was changing clothes in the hospital basement. He choked her with a dog chain and sodomized her. This cut off oxygen to her brain, resulting in a brain stem contusion, cervical cord injury, and cortical blindness. She was discovered at 7:45 am the following morning by a cleaner. Perpetrator Sohanlal was caught and convicted of assault and robbery, and he served two concurrent seven-year sentences, being released in 1980. He was not convicted of rape, sexual molestation, or unnatural sexual offense, the last of which could have been punished with life imprisonment. Journalist and human rights activist Pinki Virani attempted to track down Sohanlal; she believes that Sohanlal changed his name after leaving prison but continued to work in a Delhi hospital, and since neither the King Edward Memorial Hospital nor the court that tried Sohanlal kept a file photo of him, Virani's search failed. Other reports claimed he had subsequently died of AIDS or tuberculosis. Shortly after Shanbaug's death was announced, however, Sohanlal was tracked down by Mumbai based journalist Dnyanesh Chavan from marathi daily Sakal to his father-in-law's village of Parpa in western Uttar Pradesh. He was found to be still living, married with a family, and working as a labourer and cleaner in a power station. After his release from prison, he returned to his ancestral village of Dadupur in western Uttar Pradesh before moving to Parpa in the late 1980s. When interviewed, Sohanlal described his version of the assault, claiming it had been committed in a "fit of rage" and that he had no clear recollection of when it had taken place or what he may have done, though he denied raping her and said that it "must have been someone else". Sohanlal, then a hospital janitor, had a difficult relationship with Shanbaug, his superior. He says that "there was an argument and a physical fight" when Shanbaug refused to give him leave to visit his ill mother-in-law and said that she would write him up for poor work. Nurses' strike Following the attack, nurses in Mumbai went on strike demanding improved conditions for Shanbaug and better working conditions for themselves. In the 1980s, the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (BMC) made two attempts to move Shanbaug outside the KEM Hospital to free the bed she had been occupying for seven years. KEM nurses launched a protest, and the BMC abandoned the plan. Supreme Court case Shanbaug remained in a vegetative state from 1973 until her death in 2015. On 17 December 2010, the Supreme Court, while admitting the plea to end the life made by activist-journalist Pinki Virani, sought a report on Shanbaug's medical condition from the hospital in Mumbai and the government of Maharashtra. On 24 January 2011, a three-member medical panel was established under the Supreme Court's directive. After examining Shanbaug, the panel concluded that she met "most of the criteria of being in a permanent vegetative state". On 7 March 2011, the Supreme Court, in a landmark judgement, issued a set of broad guidelines legalizing passive euthanasia in India. These guidelines for passive euthanasia—i.e. the decision to withdraw treatment, nutrition, or water—establish that the decision to discontinue life support must be taken by parents, spouse, or other close relatives, or in the absence of them, by a "next friend". The decision also requires court approval. In its judgement, the court declined to recognize Virani as the "next friend" of Aruna Shanbaug, and instead treated the KEM hospital staff as the "next friend." We do not mean to decry or disparage what Ms. Pinky Virani has done. Rather, we wish to express our appreciation of the splendid social spirit she has shown. We have seen on the internet that she has been espousing many social causes, and we hold her in high esteem. All that we wish to say is that however much her interest in Aruna Shanbaug may be it cannot match the involvement of the KEM hospital staff who have been taking care of Aruna day and night for 38 years. Since the KEM Hospital staff wished that Aruna Shanbaug be allowed to live, Virani's petition to withdraw life support was declined. However, the court further stipulated that the KEM hospital staff, with the approval of the Bombay High Court, had the option of withdrawing life support if they changed their mind: However, assuming that the KEM hospital staff at some future time changes its mind, in our opinion in such a situation the KEM hospital would have to apply to the Bombay High Court for approval of the decision to withdraw life support. On 25 February 2014, while hearing a PIL filed by NGO Common Cause, a three-judge bench of the Supreme Court of India said that the prior opinion in the Aruna Shanubaug case was based on a wrong interpretation of the Constitution Bench's opinion in Gian Kaur v. State of Punjab. The court also determined that the opinion was internally inconsistent because although it held that euthanasia can be allowed only by an act of the legislature, it then proceeded to judicially establish euthanasia guidelines. The court referred the issue to a larger Constitution Bench for resolution, writing:In view of the inconsistent opinions rendered in Aruna Shanbaug (supra) and also considering the important question of law involved which needs to be reflected in the light of social, legal, medical and constitutional perspective, it becomes extremely important to have a clear enunciation of law. Thus, in our cogent opinion, the question of law involved requires careful consideration by a Constitution Bench of this Court for the benefit of humanity as a whole. Response Following the Supreme Court decision rejecting the plea, the nursing staff at the hospital—who had opposed the petition and had been looking after Shanbaug since she had lapsed into a vegetative state—distributed sweets and cut a cake to celebrate what they termed her "rebirth". A senior nurse at the hospital later said, "We have to tend to her just like a small child at home. She only keeps aging like any of us, does not create any problems for us. We take turns looking after her and we love to care for her. How can anybody think of taking her life?" Pinki Virani's lawyer, Shubhangi Tulli, decided not to file an appeal, saying "the two-judge ruling was final till the SC decided to constitute a larger bench to re-examine the issue." Pinki Virani said, "Because of this woman who has never received justice, no other person in a similar position will have to suffer for more than three and a half decades." Death A few days before her death, Shanbaug was diagnosed with pneumonia. She was moved to the medical intensive care unit (MICU) of the hospital and put on a ventilator. She died the morning of 18 May 2015. Her funeral was performed by the hospital nurses and other staff members. In popular culture A non-fiction book titled Aruna's Story was written about the case by Pinki Virani in 1998. Duttakumar Desai wrote the Marathi play Katha Arunachi in 1994–95, which was performed at college level and subsequently staged by Vinay Apte in 2002. A Gujarati fiction novel, Jad Chetan, was written by popular novelist Harkisan Mehta in 1985 based on Aruna Shanbaug's case. Anumol played Aruna in the 2014 Malayalam film Maram Peyyumbol. Aruna's story was also portrayed in the Crime Patrol series of Sony TV. In June 2020, the Ullu web series named "KASAK" was released, which is loosely based on this case. The role of Sheetal, Shanbaug's stand-in, is portrayed by Ihana Dhillon. Further reading Aruna's Story: the true account of a rape and its aftermath, by Pinki Virani. Viking, 1998 Arunachi Goshta (Aruna's story) , by Pinki Virani, 1998, Translator : Meena Karnik. Mehta Publishing House. 1998 References External links Court ruling, Aruna Shanbaug vs. Union of India, 7 March 2011 at Supreme Court of India Pinki Virani's Interview - 13 June 2008 1948 births 1973 crimes in India 2011 in case law 2011 in India 2015 deaths Crime in Mumbai Health law in India Indian case law Indian Hindus Indian nurses Medical controversies in India Rape in India Violence against women in India Deaths from pneumonia in India Incidents of violence against women People with hypoxic and ischemic brain injuries People with disorders of consciousness People from Uttara Kannada
15688816	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa%20Gertrudis%20Municipality	Santa Gertrudis Municipality	Santa Gertrudis is a municipality in the state of Oaxaca. Its municipal seat is also called Santa Gertrudis. Its territory encompasses 21.69 km2, representing 0.02% of the total area of the state. Its approximate distance to the capital city of Oaxaca is 41 km. It is part of the Zimatlán District in the west of the Valles Centrales Region Its climate is temperate, with prevailing winds from the north. According to the INEGI 2005 census, the municipality has a total of 2,661 people, with a total of 689 housing units. Its major economic activities are industries, products and services, agriculture and livestock. Agriculture is the economic basis, with 80% of the population taking part. The breeding and sale of livestock, small business activities, bureaucratic functions occupy approximately 20% of the population. The economically active population of the town amounts to 943. The regional cuisine consists of mole accompanied with white rice, beef stew, pork liver with scrambled egg ( for breakfast) and typical drinks as chocolate, chocolate atole, tejate, and mescal. References Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México – Estado de Oaxaca http://www.mapasmexico.net/santa-gertrudis-oaxaca.html Municipalities of Oaxaca
33357526	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental%20Transformation%20Fund	Environmental Transformation Fund	The Environmental Transformation Fund (ETF) is the UK’s financial commitment to tackling climate change within the UK and developing countries. There are two parts to the fund, managed separately, to reflect the different challenges of its international and national elements. The UK element of the ETF was formally launched in April 2008, its focus being to accelerate development of new low carbon energy and energy efficient technologies in the UK. The fund is administered by DECC (which was created from parts of both BIS and DEFRA). The international element of the ETF is managed jointly by DEFRA and DFID. References Climate change in the United Kingdom
25395149	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-person%20shooter	First-person shooter	First-person shooter (FPS) is a sub-genre of shooter video games centered on gun and other weapon-based combat in a first-person perspective, with the player experiencing the action through the eyes of the protagonist and controlling the player character in a three-dimensional space. The genre shares common traits with other shooter games, and in turn falls under the action game genre. Since the genre's inception, advanced 3D and pseudo-3D graphics have challenged hardware development, and multiplayer gaming has been integral. The first-person shooter genre has been traced back to Wolfenstein 3D (1992), which has been credited with creating the genre's basic archetype upon which subsequent titles were based. One such title, and the progenitor of the genre's wider mainstream acceptance and popularity, was Doom (1993), often considered the most influential game in this genre; for some years, the term Doom clone was used to designate this genre due to Dooms influence. Corridor shooter was another common name for the genre in its early years, since processing limitations of the era's hardware meant that most of the action in the games had to take place in enclosed areas, such as in cramped spaces like corridors and tunnels. 1998's Half-Life—along with its 2004 sequel Half-Life 2—enhanced the narrative and puzzle elements. In 1999, the Half-Life mod Counter-Strike was released and, together with Doom, is perhaps one of the most influential first-person shooters. GoldenEye 007, released in 1997, was a landmark first-person shooter for home consoles, while the Halo series heightened the console's commercial and critical appeal as a platform for first-person shooter titles. In the 21st century, the first-person shooter is the most commercially viable video game genre, and in 2016, shooters accounted for over 27% of all video game sales. Definition First-person shooters are a type of shooter game that relies on a first-person point of view with which the player experiences the action through the eyes of the character. They differ from third-person shooters in that, in a third-person shooter, the player can see the character they are controlling (usually from behind, or above). The primary design focus is combat, mainly involving firearms or other types of long range weapons. A defining feature of the genre is "player-guided navigation through a three-dimensional space." This is a defining characteristic that clearly distinguishes the genre from other types of shooting games that employ a first-person perspective, including light gun shooters, rail shooters, shooting gallery games, or older shooting electro-mechanical games. First person-shooter games are thus categorized as being distinct from light gun shooters, a similar genre with a first-person perspective which uses dedicated light gun peripherals, in contrast to the use of conventional input devices. Light-gun shooters (like Virtua Cop) often feature "on-rails" (scripted) movement, whereas first-person shooters give the player complete freedom to roam the surroundings. The first-person shooter may be considered a distinct genre itself, or a type of shooter game, in turn a subgenre of the wider action game genre. Following the release of Doom in 1993, games in this style were commonly referred to as "Doom clones"; over time this term has largely been replaced by "first-person shooter". Wolfenstein 3D, released in 1992, the year before Doom, has been often credited with introducing the genre, but critics have since identified similar, though less advanced, games developed as far back as 1973. There are occasional disagreements regarding the specific design elements which constitute a first-person shooter. For example, titles like Deus Ex or BioShock may be considered as first-person shooters, but may also fit into the role-playing games category, as they borrow extensively from that genre. Other examples, like Far Cry and Rage, could also be considered adventure games, because they focus more on exploration than simple action, they task players with multiple different objectives other than just killing enemies, and they often revolve around the construction of complex cinematic storylines with a well defined cast of secondary characters to interact with. Furthermore, certain puzzle or platforming games get also called first-person shooters, in spite of lacking any direct combat or shooting element, instead using a first-person perspective to help players immerse within the game and better navigate 3D environments (for example, in the case of Portal, the 'gun' the player character carries is used to create portals through walls rather than fire projectiles). Some commentators also extend the definition to include combat flight simulators and space battle games, whenever the cockpit of the aircraft is depicted from a first-person point of view. Game design Like most shooter games, first-person shooters involve an avatar, one or more ranged weapons, and a varying number of enemies. Because they take place in a 3D environment, these games tend to be somewhat more realistic than 2D shooter games, and have more accurate representations of gravity, lighting, sound and collisions. First-person shooters played on personal computers are most often controlled with a combination of a keyboard and mouse. This system has been claimed as superior to that found in console games, which frequently use two analog sticks: one used for running and sidestepping, the other for looking and aiming. It is common to display the character's hands and weaponry in the main view, with a heads-up display showing health, ammunition and location details. Often, it is possible to overlay a map of the surrounding area. Combat and power-ups First-person shooters generally focus on action gameplay, with fast-paced combat and dynamic firefights being a central point of the experience, though certain titles may also place a greater emphasis on narrative, problem-solving and logic puzzles. In addition to shooting, melee combat may also be used extensively. In some games, melee weapons are especially powerful, as a reward for the risk the player must take in manoeuvring his character into close proximity to the enemy. In other games, instead, melee weapons may be less effective but necessary as a last resort. "Tactical shooters" tend to be more realistic, and require the players to use teamwork and strategy in order to succeed; the players can often command a squad of characters, which may be controlled by the A.I. or by human teammates, and can be given different tasks during the course of the mission. First-person shooters typically present players with a vast arsenal of weapons, which can have a large impact on how they will approach the game. Some games offer realistic reproductions of actual existing (or even historical) firearms, simulating their rate of fire, magazine size, ammunition amount, recoil and accuracy. Depending on the context, other first-person shooters may incorporate some imaginative variations, including futuristic prototypes, alien-technology or magical weapons, and/or implementing a wide array of different projectiles, from lasers, to energy, plasma, rockets, and arrows. These many variations may also be applied to the tossing of grenades, bombs, spears and the like. Also, more unconventional modes of destruction may be employed by the playable character, such as flames, electricity, telekinesis or other supernatural powers, and traps. In the early era of first-person shooters, often designers allowed characters to carry a large number of different weapons with little to no reduction in speed or mobility. More modern games started to adopt a more realistic approach, where the player can only equip a handheld gun, coupled with a rifle, or even limiting the players to only one weapon of choice at a time, forcing them to swap between different alternatives according to the situation. In some games, there's the option to trade up or upgrade weapons, resulting in multiple degrees of customization. Thus, the standards of realism are extremely variable. The protagonist can generally get healing and equipment supplies by means of collectible items such as first aid kits or ammunition packs, simply by walking over, or interacting with them. Some games allow players to accumulate experience points in a role-playing game fashion, that can generally be used to unlock new weapons, bonuses and skills. Level design First-person shooters may be structurally composed of levels, or use the technique of a continuous narrative in which the game never leaves the first-person perspective. Others feature large sandbox environments, which are not divided into levels and can be explored freely. In first-person shooters, protagonists interact with the environment to varying degrees, from basics such as using doors, to problem solving puzzles based on a variety of interactive objects. In some games, the player can damage the environment, also to varying degrees: one common device is the use of barrels containing explosive material which the player can shoot, harming nearby enemies. Other games feature environments which are extensively destructible, allowing for additional visual effects. The game world will often make use of science fiction, historic (particularly World War II) or modern military themes, with such antagonists as aliens, monsters, terrorists and soldiers of various types. Games feature multiple difficulty settings; in harder modes, enemies are tougher, more aggressive and do more damage, and power-ups are limited. In easier modes, the player can succeed through reaction times alone; on more difficult settings, it is often necessary to memorize the levels through trial and error. Multiplayer First-person shooters may feature a multiplayer mode, taking place on specialized levels. Some games are designed specifically for multiplayer gaming, and have very limited single player modes in which the player competes against game-controlled characters termed "bots". Massively multiplayer online first-person shooters allow thousands of players to compete at once in a persistent world. Large scale multiplayer games allow multiple squads, with leaders issuing commands and a commander controlling the team's overall strategy. Multiplayer games have a variety of different styles of match. The classic types are the deathmatch (and its team-based variant) in which players score points by killing other players' characters; and capture the flag, in which teams attempt to penetrate the opposing base, capture a flag and return it to their own base whilst preventing the other team from doing the same. Other game modes may involve attempting to capture enemy bases or areas of the map, attempting to take hold of an object for as long as possible while evading other players, or deathmatch variations involving limited lives or in which players fight over a particularly potent power-up. These match types may also be customizable, allowing the players to vary weapons, health and power-ups found on the map, as well as victory criteria. Games may allow players to choose between various classes, each with its own strengths, weaknesses, equipment and roles within a team. Free-to-play There are many free-to-play first-person shooters on the market now, including Wolfenstein: Enemy Territory, Apex Legends, Team Fortress 2, and Planetside 2. Some games are released as free-to-play as their intended business model and can be highly profitable (League of Legends earned $2 billion in 2017), but others such as Eternal Crusade begin their life as paid games and become free-to-play later to reach a wider audience after an initially disappointing reception. Some player communities complain about freemium first-person-shooters, fearing that they create unbalanced games, but many game designers have tweaked prices in response to criticism, and players can usually get the same benefits by playing longer rather than paying. History Predecessors: 1970s–1980s The earliest two documented first-person shooter video games are Maze War and Spasim. Maze War was originally developed in 1973 by Greg Thompson, Steve Colley and Howard Palmer, high-school students in a NASA work-study program trying to develop a program to help visualize fluid dynamics for spacecraft designs. The work became a maze game presented to the player in the first-person, and later included support for a second player and the ability to shoot the other player to win the game. Thompson took the game's code with him to Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where with help from Dave Lebling to create an eight-player version that could be played over ARPANET, computer-run players using artificial intelligence, customizable maps, online scoreboards and a spectator mode. Spasim had a documented debut at the University of Illinois in 1974. The game was a rudimentary space flight simulator for up to 32 players, featuring a first-person perspective. Both games were distinct from modern first-person shooters, involving simple tile-based movement where the player could only move from square to square and turn in 90-degree increments. Such games spawned others that used similar visuals to display the player as part of a maze (such as Akalabeth: World of Doom in 1979), and were loosely called "rat's eye view" games, since they gave the appearance of a rat running through a maze. Another crucial early game that influenced first-person shooters was Wayout. It featured the player trying to escape a maze, using ray casting to render the environment, simulating visually how each wall segment would be rendered relative to the player's position and facing angle. This allowed more freeform movement compared to the grid-based and cardinal Maze War and Spasim. A slightly more sophisticated first-person shooting mainframe game was Panther (1975), a tank simulator for the PLATO system. Atari's first-person tank shooter arcade video game Battlezone (1980) was released for arcades and presented using a vector graphics display, with the game designed by Ed Rotberg. It is considered to be the first successful first-person shooter video game, making it a milestone for the genre. It was primarily inspired by Atari's top-down arcade shooter game Tank (1974). The original arcade cabinet also employed a periscope viewfinder similar to submarine shooting arcade games such as Midway's video game Sea Wolf (1976) and Sega's electro-mechanical game Periscope (1966). Battlezone became the first successful mass-market game featuring a first-person viewpoint and wireframe 3D graphics, with a version later released for home computers in 1983. Early first-person shooters: 1987–1992 MIDI Maze, an early first-person shooter released in 1987 for the Atari ST, featured maze-based gameplay and character designs similar to Pac-Man, but displayed in a first-person perspective. Later ported to various systems—including the Game Boy and Super NES—under the title Faceball 2000, it featured the first network multiplayer deathmatches, using a MIDI interface. It was a relatively minor game, but despite the inconvenience of connecting numerous machines together, its multiplayer mode gained a cult following: 1UP.com called it the "first multi-player 3D shooter on a mainstream system" and the first "major LAN action game". Id Software's Hovertank 3D pioneered ray casting technology in May 1991 to enable faster gameplay than 1980s vehicle simulators; and Catacomb 3-D introduced another advance, texture mapping, in November 1991. The second game to use texture mapping was Ultima Underworld: The Stygian Abyss, a March 1992 action role-playing game by Looking Glass Technologies that featured a first-person viewpoint and an advanced graphics engine. In October 1990, id developer John Romero learned about texture mapping from a phone call to Paul Neurath. Romero described the texture mapping technique to id programmer John Carmack, who remarked, "I can do that.", and would feel motivated by Looking Glass's example to do the same in Catacomb 3-D. Catacomb 3-D also introduced the display of the protagonist's hand and weapon (in this case, magical spells) on the screen, whereas previously aspects of the player's avatar were not visible. The experience of developing Ultima Underworld would make it possible for Looking Glass to create the Thief and System Shock series years later. First generation: Wolfenstein 3D and its clones Wolfenstein 3D (created by id Software as a successor of the successful 1980s video games Castle Wolfenstein and Beyond Castle Wolfenstein and released in 1992) was an instant success, fueled largely by its shareware release, and has been credited with inventing the first-person shooter genre. It was built on the ray casting technology pioneered in earlier games to create a revolutionary template for shooter game design, which first-person shooters are still based upon today. Despite its violent themes, Wolfenstein largely escaped the controversy generated by the later Doom, although it was banned in Germany due to the use of Nazi iconography; and the Super NES version replaced the enemy attack dogs with giant rats. Wolfenstein's popularity spawned a small number of "clones" based on nearly identical engines, such as The Terminator: Rampage and Ken's Labyrinth. A few of these games added textured floors and ceilings, while others features slightly greater environmental interactivity, but none were innovative or revolutionary enough to escape Wolfenstein's shadow. Apogee Software, the publisher of Wolfenstein 3D, followed up its success with Blake Stone: Aliens of Gold in 1993 which featured friendly non-player characters in the form of informants that would give the player hints and supplies. The game was initially well-received but sales rapidly declined in the wake of the success of id's Doom, released a week later. Other games based on the Wolfenstein engine, such as Corridor 7: Alien Invasion and Operation Body Count, were released after Doom and therefore attracted very little attention. Second Generation: Doom and its clones Doom, released as shareware in 1993, refined Wolfenstein 3D's template by adding support for higher resolution, variable-height floors and ceilings, diagonal walls that could be any length and meet at any angle, and rudimentary illumination effects such as flickering lights and areas of darkness, creating a far more believable 3D environment than Wolfenstein 3D's levels, all of which had a flat-floor space and corridors. Doom allowed competitive matches between multiple players, termed "deathmatches," and the game was responsible for the word's subsequent entry into the video gaming lexicon. According to creator John Romero, the game's deathmatch concept was inspired by the competitive multiplayer of fighting games such as Street Fighter II and Fatal Fury. Doom became so popular that its multiplayer features began to cause problems for companies whose networks were used to play the game, causing frequent bandwidth reductions. Doom has been considered the most important first-person shooter ever made. It was highly influential not only on subsequent shooter games but on video gaming in general, and has been made available on almost every video gaming system since. Multiplayer gaming, which is now integral to the first-person shooter genre, was first successfully achieved on a large scale by Doom. While its combination of gory violence, dark humor and hellish imagery garnered acclaim from critics, these attributes also generated criticism from religious groups and censorship committees, with many commentators labelling the game a "murder simulator". There was further controversy when it emerged that the perpetrators of the Columbine High School massacre were fans of the game; the families of several victims later unsuccessfully attempted to sue numerous video game companies - among them id Software - whose work the families claimed inspired the massacre. Rise of the Triad was released almost exactly a year later, on December 21, 1994. Based on a very heavily modified Wolfenstein engine, it did not feature Doom's variable-height ceilings or diagonal walls. However, various powerups and environmental features gave players the ability to fly or be launched through the air, and its use of GADs (Gravitational Anomaly Devices) provided staircases and a primitive form of rooms over rooms, both which Doom lacked. ROTT would become Doom's biggest competitor on the PC platform. In the same month, Marathon was released for the Macintosh. Its engine's capabilities were extremely similar to those of the Doom engine, but it featured a few improvements like mouselook and rooms over rooms in addition to a more sophisticated story. It was one of the earliest shooters, if not the earliest, to utilize alternate fire modes, reloading magazines, and dual-wielding. System Shock, which featured a "true" 3D engine like the later Quake, also featured a first-person perspective and sometimes involved shooting enemies, and is therefore sometimes considered a first-person shooter from this era, though it arguably owes more to its RPG predecessors Ultima Underworld and Ultima Underworld II. Unlike Quake, its enemies were represented as bitmapped sprites. Its engine also suffered some limitations not seen in Doom or even Wolfenstein, with walls seemingly only able to meet at 45-degree angles, and surfaces that moved only in discrete increments rather than smoothly. The Doom engine itself would be licensed for games like Hexen and Heretic. Those two titles, like System Shock, incorporated elements from role-playing games. One of the most unusual and unexpectedly popular games based on the Doom engine was Chex Quest. Star Wars: Dark Forces was released in 1995 after LucasArts decided Star Wars would make appropriate material for a game in the style of Doom. However, Star Wars: Dark Forces was based on the Jedi Engine, which, like Marathon's engine, incorporated several technical features that Doom lacked, such as rooms over rooms and the ability to look up and down. Dark Forces also was one of the first games to incorporate 3D-designed objects rendered into the game's 2.5D graphics engine. Back in the day, Blake Stone: Aliens of Gold was reportedly to be the best FPS before the release of Doom a week later. Despite these competitors and their innovations, Doom and its sequel, Doom II, remained by far the most popular first-person shooters of this era, and for years afterward, first-person shooters were referred to as "Doom clones". Third generation: Build and Quake engines The May 1997 issue of PC Gamer magazine said of one game, "This game would deserve a lot of credit just for being the first Doom clone to seriously attempt to be more than a Doom clone - but it gets even more credit for succeeding". That game was Apogee's Duke Nukem 3D, sequel to the earlier platformers Duke Nukem and Duke Nukem II, and "the last of the great, sprite-based shooters", winning acclaim for its highly interactive environments, humor based around stereotyped machismo, adrenalinic gameplay, and graphics. It helped to popularize the Build engine, which was radically more advanced than the Doom engine and included such features as mirrors, underwater areas, sloped floors and ceilings, destructible environments, and the ability to fly with the aid of a jetpack. Duke was followed a few months later by id Software's Quake, the first FPS to feature 100% 3-dimensional maps, enemies, and powerups with no limitations on angles or surface lengths. It was centered on online gaming and featured multiple match types still found in first-person shooter games today. It was the first FPS game to gain a cult following of player clans (although the concept had existed previously in MechWarrior 2'''s Netmech, with its Battletech lore as well as amongst MUD players), and would inspire popular LAN parties and events such as QuakeCon. The game's popularity and use of 3D polygonal graphics also helped to expand the growing market for video card hardware; and the additional support and encouragement for game modifications attracted players who wanted to tinker with the game and create their own modules. In the following years, the Build engine was licensed to create games such as Blood, Shadow Warrior, and Redneck Rampage, and Duke Nukem 3D was the yardstick by which they were all measured. This was the last generation of first-person shooters to be made for MS-DOS. 1997 also saw the release of Goldeneye for the Nintendo 64, which became a critical and commercial success and helped to demonstrate that first-person shooters were viable on consoles. This would have important consequences for the Xbox a few years later. Fourth generation: Windows support and 3D hardware acceleration Late 1997 brought yet another sweeping set of changes to the genre. Hexen II, based on a heavily modified Quake engine, was released in September. It was followed by Star Wars Jedi Knight: Dark Forces II, based on the Sith engine, in October, and Quake II, based on the Quake II engine, in December. First-person shooters of this generation were the first to offer 3D hardware acceleration via DirectX, OpenGL, and/or 3dfx Glide, and often offered a choice between that and software rendering. The difference was not just in frame rates: software rendering modes looked extremely pixelated due to nearest-neighbor resizing, just as previous generations of shooters did, while 3D hardware acceleration modes added support for features like linear filtering (which smoothed out the pixelation) and colored light sources. Unreal, released in May 1998, introduced the world to the Unreal Engine, which in its various iterations would go on to become the primary competitor to the various iterations of the Quake Engine (later renamed id Tech). This generation was the first to ditch DOS and require Microsoft Windows. Non-hostile NPCs became common during this generation, but true "allied" NPCs that helped the player in meaningful ways were rare. November 1998 saw the back-to-back releases of three titles. The first, on November 9, was SiN, based on the Quake II engine. The second, on the 19th, was Valve's Half-Life, based upon the GoldSrc engine, an extremely heavily modified Quake engine. Initially met with only mild anticipation, it went on to become a commercial success. While most of the previous first-person shooters on the IBM PC platform had focused on visceral gameplay with relatively weak or irrelevant plots, Half-Life placed a far bigger focus on strong narrative; the game featured no cut scenes but remained in the first-person perspective at all times. It capitalized heavily on the concepts of non-enemy characters (previously featured in many other titles, such as the Marathon series and Strife) and wider in-game interactivity (as first introduced by the likes of Duke Nukem 3D and System Shock) but did not employ power-ups in the traditional sense, making for a somewhat more believable overall experience. The game was praised for its artificial intelligence, selection of weapons, and attention to detail. It won over fifty "Game of the Year" awards and "has since been recognized as one of the greatest games of all time" according to GameSpot. On November 25, Blood II: The Chosen, based on the Lithtech Engine 1.0, was released. SiN and Blood II did not have anywhere near the impact on the genre that Half-Life did and were not as well-received. This was also the time period in which the FPS begat new spinoff genres and sub-genres. Dark Forces II allowed the player to switch between first-person and third-person views, an idea which would ultimately give rise to the "third-person shooter". Delta Force and Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six popularized the tactical shooter subgenre, while Thief: The Dark Project did the same for a genre sometimes called "first-person sneaker" or "first-person stealth". Fifth Generation: Bots and AI-controlled teammates Epic's Unreal Tournament, released on November 22, 1999, and id Software's Quake III Arena, released 2 weeks later on December 2, 1999, featured heavily improved AI that would go on to have huge implications for both single-player and multiplayer games. The two games themselves capitalized on this by allowing multiplayer matches to include AI-controlled players, commonly known as "bots", with adjustable skill levels. The dawn of "bots" also allowed first-person shooters, for the first time ever, to include "skirmish" games, offline faux-multiplayer matches between one human and any number of bots. Skirmishes had been common in other genres such as real-time strategy but had eluded shooters until this time. However, both games sacrificed story-driven single-player campaigns, instead featuring "tournaments" that were little more than a series of skirmishes with predefined attributes strung together. Other games, most of which were based on the Quake III or Unreal engines, or on the second iteration of the Lithtech engine, took the potential of "bots" and applied it to single-player campaigns to provide players with teammates who assisted the player in meaningful ways, such as by shooting at enemies. Such games also learned from the success of Half-Life and featured similarly detailed and story-driven single-player campaigns full of dialog and scripted events. This was the first generation of shooters to lack a software rendering mode and require a DirectX or OpenGL-compatible graphics card. Examples of first-person and third-person shooters made partially or completely in this mold include The Wheel of Time (Unreal Engine), released November 1999; Deus Ex (Unreal), released in June 2000; Star Trek: Voyager – Elite Force (Quake III engine), released in September 2000; Rune (Unreal), released October 2000; No One Lives Forever (Lithtech 2.0), released November 2000; American McGee's Alice (QIII), released December 2000; Aliens versus Predator 2 (Lithtech 2.2), released in October 2001; Medal of Honor: Allied Assault (QIII), released in January 2002; Jedi Outcast (QIII), released in March 2002; Tactical Ops: Assault on Terror (Unreal), released April 2002; Tron 2.0 (Lithtech Triton), released August 2003; Jedi Academy (QIII), released September 2003; and Call of Duty (QIII), released in October 2003. At the E3 game show in 1999, Bungie unveiled a real-time strategy game called Halo; at the following E3, an overhauled third-person shooter version was displayed. In 2000, Bungie was bought by Microsoft. Halo was then revamped and released as a first-person shooter; it was one of the launch titles for the Xbox console. It was a runaway critical and commercial success, and is considered a premier console first-person shooter. It featured narrative and storyline reminiscent of Bungie's earlier Marathon series but now told largely through in-game dialog and cut scenes like Half-Life. It also received acclaim for its characters, both the protagonist, Master Chief and its alien antagonists. However, in order to fit within the technical limitations of the Xbox controller and console, numerous features that were near-universally found in the genre were sacrificed. While PC shooters allowed their player to carry every weapon in the game simultaneously and switch between them using the 1-9 or 1-0 keys on the keyboard, the Xbox controller had no such keys, so players were limited to carrying only two weapons at a time and using a single button on the controller to switch between them (or to swap their currently held weapon for one on the ground). PC shooters allowed their player to save their game at any place and time of their choosing, and store many saved games, often with custom names. This allowed players to "bookmark" their favorite parts of the game, take turns playing a game on the same computer without interfering with each others' progress, and do other useful things. Halo instead automatically saved a player's progress upon reaching certain locations (called "checkpoints"), with only one checkpoint saved at any given time. This had the unwanted side effect of saving a player's progress when their health was extremely low, making progression difficult afterward; to compensate, players were given personal shields that automatically regenerated between fights. Halo was later ported to Windows. Efforts to develop early handheld video games with 3-D graphics have eventually led to the dawn of ambitious handheld first-person shooter games, starting with two Game Boy Advance ports of Back Track and Doom not long after the system was launched in 2001. The GBA eventually saw the release of several first-person shooter games specifically tailored for it, including Duke Nukem Advance, Ecks vs. Sever and Dark Arena, with a sizable amount of them being praised for pushing the hardware to the limit while providing satisfying gameplay. Despite their varying reception, they would demonstrate the viability of first-person shooters on handhelds, which became more apparent with new technological advances that accompanied future handheld systems. Sixth generation: Havok physics and advanced shading The Crytek game Far Cry, released in March 2004 and based on the all-new CryEngine, set new standards in terms of graphics, environmental detail, and large, open-ended level design.Doom 3, released in August 2004, placed a greater emphasis on horror and frightening the player than previous games in the series and was a critically acclaimed best seller,Fahey, Rob, UK Charts: Doom 3 scores first 2004 No.1 for PC platform , EuroGamer, August 17, 2004, Accessed March 9, 2009 though some commentators felt it lacked gameplay substance and innovation, putting too much emphasis on impressive graphics. Its engine featured advanced real-time lighting and shading effects and a physics system similar to the Havok physics engine, which allowed players to move loose objects around the environment by punching them or beating them with a flashlight. The engine was later used in Quake 4. Half-Life 2, released in November 2004 and based on the all-new Source engine, featured similar lighting and shading effects and the Havok physics engine. It won 39 "Game of the Year" awards but was not as revolutionary as its predecessor. In October 2005, F.E.A.R., based on the LithTech Jupiter EX engine, was acclaimed for successfully combining first-person shooter gameplay with a Japanese horror atmosphere. Prey, released in 2006, was among the last first-person shooters to feature traditional, PC-oriented gameplay mechanics such as non-regenerating health, the ability to save one's progress at any time and place, the ability to carry every weapon in the game at the same time. In the world of consoles, Halo 2 (2004) brought the popularity of online gaming to the console market through the medium of Xbox Live, on which it was the most played game for almost two years. Like its predecessor, it was eventually ported to Windows. 2007–present: "Consolization" 2007 brought a wave of shooters that were heavily influenced by Halo and by console controls in general, regardless of their intended platform. Irrational Games' Bioshock, released in August, retained traditional health and weapon systems but rejected a real save/load system in favor of Halo's checkpoint system. Crysis and Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare, both released in November, wholly embraced the Halo model of two-weapon switching, automatically regenerating health, and checkpoints. Unreal Tournament 3 did not feature checkpoints, two-weapon switching, or automatically regenerating health, but compared to its predecessors, its menus were redesigned and simplified for console controls. Nearly all first-person and third-person shooters since then, such as Duke Nukem Forever, Transformers: War for Cybertron, Wolfenstein: The Old Blood, the 2016 Doom remake, and all subsequent Call of Duty'' games have been made in the console pattern as well, exceptions have been rare. Recent first-person shooters in the more traditional style have included the 2013 Shadow Warrior remake by Flying Wild Hog and the upcoming System Shock remake by Nightdive Studios. Research In 2010, researchers at Leiden University showed that playing first-person shooter video games is associated with superior mental flexibility. Compared to non-players, players of such games were found to require a significantly shorter reaction time while switching between complex tasks, possibly because they are required to develop a more responsive mindset to rapidly react to fast-moving visual and auditory stimuli, and to shift back and forth between different sub-duties. See also First-person shooter engine List of first-person shooters Social interaction and first-person shooters References External links Video game genres Video game terminology Violence in video games
66238257	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottal	Ottal	Ottal () is a rural locality (a selo) in Kalyalskoye Rural Settlement, Rutulsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 400 as of 2010. There are 2 streets. Geography Ottal is located 48 km northwest of Rutul (the district's administrative centre) by road. Mishlesh and Muslakh are the nearest rural localities. Nationalities Tsakhur people live there. References Rural localities in Rutulsky District
2001996	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Bissell%20Prosser	Richard Bissell Prosser	Richard Bissell Prosser (25 August 1838 – 18 March 1918) was a patent examiner and a biographical writer. He was the eldest son of Richard Prosser, the Birmingham, England, engineer and inventor. R. B. Prosser was educated at University College School, London where he was a fellow pupil of Joseph Chamberlain. Richard Prosser was heavily involved with the introduction of the Patent Law Amendment Act 1852, and his 700-volume library, combined with that of Bennet Woodcroft,(1803-1879) formed the basis of the Patent Office Library, which opened on 5 March 1854. Richard Prosser died in 1854; in 1856 R. B. Prosser joined the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, London, where he later rose to become Chief Examiner. He was forced to retire early, in 1888, because of partial blindness, but continued to take an active part in local government and church life in St Pancras, London, where he lived. He was much involved in national Church of England organisations. He married Anne Ostell, daughter of William Ostell of Bloomsbury, London; she died in 1911. They had a daughter and three sons. R. B. Prosser was greatly interested in technical history, and in particular the biographies of inventors. This was due to his work on patents, where he needed to be able to assess the priority of them - a knowledge of patents history was vital for this. He wrote 58 lives for the Dictionary of National Biography, and supplied much material for the New English Dictionary. Prosser also wrote Birmingham Inventors and Inventions, 1881, in a limited edition of 50 copies. This was a cumulation of notes he had published earlier in the Birmingham Gazette. A similar work on Manchester inventors was never finished. His 315 contributions to 'St Pancras Notes and Queries' in the St. Pancras Guardian between 3 February 1897 and 2 January 1903 were later published in a book of 150 copies. He was a frequent contributor to Notes and Queries, as well as to technical periodicals. Prosser had in mind to write a history of invention, written around the abstracts of British Patent Specifications, but the project never got further than the planning stage. Prosser died, aged 79. His library was dispersed by auction, and his files of biographical notes were sold for about £50. They surfaced again in the 1970s, to be bought by the British Library, Dept of Manuscripts, Add Ms 54,496 - 54,507. They comprise 24 volumes and cover over 1600 names. More of Prosser's papers are in Birmingham and Manchester reference libraries, having been presented either by himself in his lifetime or by his family after his death. The on-line catalogue of the National Archives lists small collections of Prosser's papers for patentees in the South West of England, Northamptonshire and Buckinghamshire. These might be part of his history of inventions project, noted above. Prosser was a pioneer of the study of technical history, and his published biographies and manuscript records are an incomparable source for present-day researchers. References Anon, 'Some appreciations of Richard Bissell Prosser', 1918, privately printed, 18 pp (Reprints obituaries from: Engineering, The Engineer, Notes and Queries, The Birmingham Daily Post, The Guardian, The Church Times, Free and Open Church Association, The Church Union Gazette, Kentish Town Parish Magazine) Charles E. Lee, 'Richard Bissell Prosser', Newsletter of the Camden History Society, October 1974.This has references to published obituaries. Gillian Fenwick, The Contributor's Index to the Dictionary of National Biography 1885-1901, 1989, p 321 for a list of Prosser's contributions. C. MacLeod & A. Nuvolari, 'The ingenious crowd': A critical prosopography of British inventors, 1650-1850, Eindhoven Centre for Innovation Studies Working Paper n.05.04, p11 of the PDF of the current version. External links Patent examiners People educated at University College School 1838 births 1918 deaths Members of the London School Board
5160593	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ori%20station	Ori station	Ori Station is a subway station on the Bundang Line. Prior to the opening of Bojeong Station in 2004, it was the southern terminus of the Bundang Line. It is the first underground railway station built in Korea to have two island platforms and four rail tracks. Seoul Metropolitan Subway stations Bundang Metro stations in Seongnam Railway stations opened in 1994
459818	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dnai%2C%20%C5%8Cita	Shōnai, Ōita	was a town located in Ōita District, Ōita Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 June 2005, the town had an estimated population of 9,586 and the density of 68.33 persons per km². The total area was 140.29 km². On October 1, 2005, Shōnai, along with the towns of Hasama and Yufuin (all from Ōita District), was merged to create the city of Yufu. External links Yufu official website Dissolved municipalities of Ōita Prefecture
38286120	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entoconcha%20mirabilis	Entoconcha mirabilis	Entoconcha mirabilis is a species of very small parasitic sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eulimidae. This species is the only one known to exist within the genus, Entoconcha. The species is parasitic on holothuroidea, sea cucumbers. As an adult it resembles a worm and has no shell. Distribution This species occurs in the following locations: European waters (ERMS scope) References External links Eulimidae Gastropods described in 1852
29499709	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny%20DuPree	Johnny DuPree	Johnny DuPree (born November 18, 1953) is an American politician and member of the Democratic Party who served as the mayor of Hattiesburg, Mississippi from 2001 to 2017. He was the Democratic Party nominee for Governor of Mississippi in 2011, the first African-American major party nominee for Governor in Mississippi since the Reconstruction era. DuPree won the Democratic nomination for Secretary of State of Mississippi in the August 2019 primary, but lost in the November 2019 general election. Early life and education Johnny DuPree was born in Fort Benning, Georgia. As a small boy, he moved to Hattiesburg, Mississippi, with his mother, brother, and sister. DuPree has bachelors and Master's degrees from the University of Southern Mississippi, and a PhD from Jackson State University. He is a member of Omega Psi Phi fraternity. Career DuPree entered public service in 1987 when he was appointed to the Hattiesburg Public School Board. A year later, he and his wife established a small real estate business. In 1991, he was elected to the Forrest County Board of Supervisors, where he served for 10 years before running for mayor of Hattiesburg in 2001. Mayor of Hattiesburg In 2001, DuPree became the first African-American mayor of Hattiesburg, after winning 53% of the vote. He was re-elected in 2005 and 2009. During his first campaign for mayor, DuPree ran on a platform of shoring up education and protecting small business. At the time, Robert Ingram, the executive director of economic development at the University of Southern Mississippi, predicted that DuPree would support locally owned small business while also being active in industrial recruitment. Despite damage to the city resulting from Hurricane Katrina in 2005, and a global recession in 2008, the health of Hattiesburg's small businesses remained steady during DuPree's tenure as mayor. Ingram's predictions for Hattiesburg under the DuPree administration were largely accurate. In 2010, employment statistics showed Hattiesburg registering only 8.6 percent unemployment at a time when the rate in the state was 11.2 and the national rate was 11.1. Also during DuPree's tenure as mayor, annual crime statistics released by the Hattiesburg Police Department showed a 10 percent overall decrease in reported crime since 2008. Response to Katrina On the Sunday before Hurricane Katrina hit the Gulf Coast in 2005, DuPree was invited to address the congregation of Mt Carmel Baptist Church, where he warned the congregation about the "devastation churning its way across the Gulf of Mexico." In the aftermath of the storm, the city lost power and water for several days. Due to the lack of a response from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the city under DuPree resorted to leasing essential equipment and goods on its own, items such as generators, which would normally be available through federal and state emergency services. Because of Hattiesburg's position as a regional hub and as the first major metropolitan area outside of New Orleans, the city was flooded with thousands of evacuees. In the immediate aftermath of the storm, DuPree's government worked to meet the needs of the displaced evacuees without assistance from federal agencies. In the weeks following Katrina, DuPree was a vocal critic of FEMA's inept performance and perceived indifference. Although the federal response to the Katrina disaster resulted in many high-profile accusations of racism, DuPree was among those who emphasized the role of income disparity. He also stated that "those charged with providing to those in need simply failed when called upon." Elections In the Democratic primary of the 2011 Mississippi gubernatorial election, DuPree faced businessman and future Clarksdale mayor Bill Luckett and two minor candidates. Despite a significant fundraising disadvantage, on August 23, 2011, DuPree defeated Luckett by 179,748 votes (43.6%) to 161,833 (39.2%). He lost to Republican nominee Phil Bryant in the general election on November 8, 2011. In his 2013 mayoral re-election bid, DuPree faced fourth ward councilman Dave Ware, a Republican who ran as an independent, along with three minor candidates. In the June 4 election, DuPree was believed to be the winner by 37 votes out of over 9,600 cast, but concerns were raised about possible voter fraud, eligibility of some voters, and the fact that the city clerk left ballots unsecured in city hall the night before the election. Ware filed an election challenge on June 24, and a special judge was appointed by the state Supreme Court to hear the case. The jury initially found in favor of Ware in a 9-3 vote, the bare minimum for a verdict, however after Judge William Coleman polled the jurors, the count shifted to 8-4 and a mistrial was declared. After a new election was ordered, another dispute arose over choosing replacements for two election commissioners who resigned. Ultimately, a clean slate of commissioners was chosen to oversee the special election. On election day, one precinct's ballot box was returned unsealed and, despite state law stating boxes must be locked and sealed at the precinct, the ballots were counted anyway. In the end, DuPree again narrowly bested Ware, this time by a margin of 217 votes. In 2017, DuPree was defeated in a bid for a fifth consecutive term as mayor, losing to Toby Barker, a Republican member of the state House of Representatives, who ran as an independent. In 2019, DuPree ran for Secretary of State of Mississippi and won the Democrat nomination in August. He lost the November 2019 general election to Republican candidate Michael Watson. In 2021, DuPree announced his candidacy for Mississippi's 4th Congressional District. Personal life DuPree has been married to Johniece since 1972. They have two daughters, April and Monica and two grandsons, Chandler DuPree Taylor and Chesney DuPree Taylor. As of 2011, his older daughter, April DuPree Taylor (Coustaur Taylor), worked at the Department of Communication at the University of South Alabama, and his younger daughter, Monica DuPree, was an educator in the Hattiesburg Public School District. References External links Campaign website Mayor DuPree at the City of Hattiesburg website Collected news at Hattiesburg American Collected news at Mississippi Business Journal 1953 births African-American Christians African-American mayors in Mississippi County supervisors in Mississippi Living people Mayors of Hattiesburg, Mississippi Mississippi Democrats School board members in Mississippi 21st-century African-American people 20th-century African-American people
2894298	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dried%20meat	Dried meat	Dried meat is a feature of many cuisines around the world. Examples include: Kulen Slanina Pečenica Aliya, sun-dried meat from Kenya Bakkwa or rougan, Chinese salty-sweet dried meat sheets. Biltong, a cured meat that originated in Southern Africa. Bògoǫ, a dried and smoked meat, often caribou, of the Dené people of northern Canada. Borts, air-dried strips of horse or cow meat used as traveling food or to last the winter in Mongolia. Often ground into powder and mixed with water to create soup. Bresaola, air-dried salted beef originally from the Valtellina valley in northern Italy. Brési, made in the canton of Jura and in Jura Bernois in Switzerland and in the department of Doubs in France. Bündnerfleisch, air-dried meat from Kanton Graubünden in Switzerland. Carne-de-sol, sun-dried salt beef from Brazil. Carne seca, air-dried meat from Mexico. Cecina, lightly smoked, dried, and salted meat from northwestern Spain (Asturias, León, Cantabria), Cuba, Nicaragua and Mexico. Charqui, made from llama or alpaca, in South America. Chipped beef, partially dried beef sold in small, thin, flexible leaves in jars or plastic packets. Droëwors, from South Africa, dried sausage Fenalår from Norway is the salted, dried thigh of a sheep predominately, but it can also come from other animals such as roe deer, deer, moose or reindeer. Hunter beef, a corned beef from Pakistan marinated and baked for use in sandwiches and salads. Idiyirachi is a traditional Kerala-style delicacy made of pounded and shredded buffalo dry meat. Jerky, meat that has been trimmed of fat, cut into strips, marinated, and dried or smoked. Kawaab, air-dried, spiced meat of the Hyderabadi community of India. Kilishi, a dried, spicy Nigerian meat. Coated with a peanut sauce as well as other spices. Kuivaliha, air-dried salted meat (often reindeer) of northern Finland. Laap mei, also called "wax meats" or air-dried meats, are a southern Chinese speciality. Lahndi or qadid, air-dried salted meat (often lamb) of Pushtoon Tribe of Pakistan, Northern Afghanistan and Northern Africa (gueddid). Mipku, air-dried strips of meat, often caribou or reindeer, of the Inuvialuit people of Northern Canada. Pânsâwân, smoked dried strips of bison meat traditionally of the plains Cree peoples of Western Canada and the United States. Pastirma, air-dried salted and often spiced meat of in Armenia, Greece, Turkey, and the Balkans. Pemmican, a meat mixture, sometimes with dried fruit, used by the native peoples of North America. Pindang, dried buffalo meat from the Philippines. Po, dried meat in Korean cuisine. Yukpo, dried beef in Korean cuisine. Uppukandam, dried boneless salted mutton from Tamilnadu in India Sukhad is a dried game meat from Bhopal,India. Suho meso, a smoked beef eaten in Bosnia. Sukuti, air-dried, spiced meat of the Newari community of Nepal. Walliser Rohschinken, air-dried ham from Kanton Wallis in Switzerland. Walliser Trockenfleisch, air-dried beef from Kanton Wallis in Switzerland. Walliser Trockenspeck, air-dried bacon from Kanton Wallis in Switzerland. Walliser Trockenwurst, air-dried sausage from Kanton Wallis in Switzerland. Gakhaj, sun or oven-dried meat from Gakh region in Azerbaijan. See also List of dried foods List of smoked foods Different types of dried meat around the world References
46876332	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S5.92	S5.92	The S5.92 is a Russian rocket engine, currently used on the Fregat upper stage. Design S5.92 burns a hypergolic mixture of UDMH and nitrogen tetroxide in the gas-generator cycle. It has two throttle settings. The highest produces of thrust, a specific impulse of 327 seconds, and a 3-second ignition transient. The lower throttle level produces of thrust, specific impulse of 316 seconds, and a 2.5 second ignition transient. It is rated for 50 ignitions, and 300 days between ignitions. History It was originally designed by the famous A.M. Isayev Chemical Engineering Design Bureau, for the two spacecraft of the Phobos program. While the Mars missions were unsuccessful, the spacecraft manufacturer, NPO Lavochkin, found a market niche for the technology. Thus, the engine was adapted for use on the optional Fregat upper stage of the Soyuz and Zenit launch vehicles. See also Fregat - The upper stage that is powered by the S5.92. Soyuz - A medium lift rocket that uses the Fregat stage. Zenit-3F - A heavy lift rocket that uses the Fregat stage. References External links KB KhIMMASH Official Page (in Russian) NPO Lavochkin Fregat Page (in Russian) Rocket engines of Russia Rocket engines of the Soviet Union Rocket engines using hypergolic propellant Rocket engines using the gas-generator cycle KB KhimMash rocket engines
40934288	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahrak-e%20Shahid%20Rejai%2C%20Mazandaran	Shahrak-e Shahid Rejai, Mazandaran	Shahrak-e Shahid Rejai (, also Romanized as Shahrak-e Shahīd Rejā’ī) is a village in Kelarestaq-e Gharbi Rural District, in the Central District of Chalus County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 460, in 127 families. References Populated places in Chalus County
47790535	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grefsen%20Church	Grefsen Church	Grefsen Church is a long church () located in Grefsen, a neighborhood of Oslo, Norway. The church was consecrated by Bishop Eivind Berggrav on March 3, 1940 and it is the parish church of the Grefsen Parish. It is built of brick, has a frescoed ceiling, and can accommodate 600 people. It was designed by the architect Georg Greve. The building has elements of the Norwegian Romanesque style, but has rectangular window openings instead of Romanesque arches. It is sparsely decorated. The stained glass in the chancel was created by Oddmund Kristiansen. Grefsen Church has protected status as a church listed by the Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage. Magne Elvestrand served as organist at the church from 1940 to 1967. References Further reading Rasmussen, Alf Henry (ed.). 1993. Våre kirker - norsk kirkeleksikon. Oslo: Vanebo forlag, p. 709. Tvedt, Knut Are (ed). 2010. Oslo byleksikon. Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget, p. 208. External links Kirkesøk: Grefsen kirke. Kulturminnesøk: Grefsen kirkested. Lutheran churches in Oslo Cultural heritage of Norway Churches completed in 1940 Cemeteries in Oslo
32743917	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Meier%20%28statistician%29	Paul Meier (statistician)	Paul Meier (July 24, 1924 – August 7, 2011) was a statistician who promoted the use of randomized trials in medicine. Meier is known for introducing, with Edward L. Kaplan, the Kaplan–Meier estimator, a method for measuring how many patients survive a medical treatment from one duration to another, taking into account that the sampled population changes over time. Meier's 1957 evaluation of polio vaccine practices published in Science has been described as influential, and the Kaplan-Meier method is thought to have indirectly extended tens of thousands of lives. Bibliography References External links 1924 births 2011 deaths American statisticians Fellows of the American Statistical Association Presidents of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science Oberlin College alumni
49942607	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9%20Silva	André Silva	André Silva may refer to: Sportspeople Association football André Silva (footballer, born 1980), Brazilian football defensive midfielder André Silva Batista (born 1980), Brazilian football midfielder André Silva Gomes (born 1973), Brazilian footballer who played for Grêmio, Vasco da Gama, and Ponte Preta André Silva (footballer, born 1995), Portuguese football striker for RB Leipzig André Silva (footballer, born 1997), Brazilian football winger for Arouca Rugby André Silva (rugby union, born 1975), French-born Portuguese rugby union player André Silva (rugby union, born 1988), played for Brazil at the 2015 Pan American Games Other sports André Silva (handballer), Brazilian handballer, playing for Handebol Clube Taubaté André Silva (table tennis), Portuguese table tennis player, playing for Sporting Clube de Portugal André da Silva (born 1972), Brazilian track athlete Musicians André da Silva Gomes (1752–1844), Portuguese-Brazilian composer Politicians André Lourenço e Silva (born 1976), Portuguese politician See also Paulo Silva (volleyball) (Paulo André Jukoski da Silva, born 1963), Brazilian volleyballer Pinga (footballer) (André Luciano da Silva, born 1981), Brazilian footballer Sandro André da Silva (born 1974), former Brazilian footballer Fábio André da Silva (born 1990), Swiss footballer Luís André da Silva (born 1972), former Brazilian footballer Andrés Silva (born 1986), Uruguayan track athlete André Ramalho (André Ramalho Silva, born 1992), Brazilian footballer
41993938	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zix%20Corp	Zix Corp	Zix Corporation (ZixCorp) was a security technology company that provides email encryption services, email data loss prevention (DLP) and mobile applications designed to address bring your own device (BYOD) corporate technology trend. Before being acquired by OpenText, Zix was headquartered in Dallas, Texas, and served customers that include divisions of the U.S. Treasury, federal financial regulators, health insurance providers and hospitals, and financial companies. As of December 2011, the company has served over thirty Blue Cross Blue Shield organizations, 1,200 hospitals, 1,600 banks, credit unions and associations. Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC) regulators are also the customers of the company. CIPROMS has signed a three-year renewal for the company in 2014. The company generated money based on a software-as-a-service (SaaS) strategy and charge annual fees from its customers. ZixCorp was founded in 1983. The company operated its service supported by ZixData Center, a data center storing transaction processing data. In 2002, the company changed its name from Zixlt Corporation to Zix Corporation. In 2017, Zix acquired Greenview Data for $6.5 million. In 2019, it acquired AppRiver, a provider of cloud-based cybersecurity solutions, for $275 million. Products and services The court case between Apple and the FBI, along with a slew of major security breaches from Experian to Ashley Madison, have popularized encryption as a way to protect messages, yet email encryption is also reported to be difficult to use for people unfamiliar with the encryption process. To simplify the encryption process, Zix email encryption uses an e-mail encryption directory called ZixDirectory that lists other email addresses protected by the encryption service to maintain a community of users who can send and receive e-mails to each other without having to use encryption keys. Customers install a ZixGateway application and configure compliance and security policy requirements, then the application monitors outbound emails to determine whether messages should be encrypted, and then works in conjunction with secure servers in a SaaS (software-as-a-service) environment to encrypt outgoing communications and securely decrypt inbound messages from other users listed within the ZixDirectory. The email encryption service, ZixDirectory, is an international community with 30 million members. In 2014, Google announced a partnership with ZixCorp to introduce a new commercial product for Google Apps accounts dubbed Google Apps Message Encryption (GAME), based on Zix Email Encryption. For a per-user subscription, the service allows Google Apps admins to configure encryption settings and routes from the Google Apps dashboard. Several market and policies have emerged to address BYOD security concerns, including mobile device management (MDM), containerization and app virtualization. In 2013, ZixCorp introduced ZixOne, a mobile email application for businesses coping with the BYOD trend of employees using personal devices for work, by protecting corporate data in email, while allowing employees to maintain privacy and control of their personal devices. The service provides access to corporate email in the cloud-based service, allowing employees to view messages and attachments without storing any data on the device. This approach differs mobile device management (MDM), which provides organizations with the ability to control applications and content on the device. Research has revealed controversy around MDM related to employee privacy and usability issues that lead to resistance in some organizations. Corporate liability issues have also emerged when businesses use MDM to wipe devices after employees leave the organization. To help organizations that must comply with industry and federal regulations restricting content that can be sent via email, the company introduced ZixDLP to quarantine emails violating policies, and ZixDLP Insight to detect and analyze email policy violations without impeding communications or business workflows. The data protection service is offered as an add-on solution for customers who use ZixGateway, a policy-based email encryption service that automatically scans and encrypts outbound email containing sensitive information. On November 8, 2021, Zix announced would be acquired by OpenText for $860 million. OpenText purchased all outstanding stocks, delisting Zix from Nasdaq, as well as acquiring all its outstanding cash and debt. References External links Software companies established in 1988 Companies formerly listed on the Nasdaq Companies based in Dallas 2021 mergers and acquisitions
54341022	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christophoros%20Nungovitch	Christophoros Nungovitch	Christophoros Nungovitch (born 14 December 1989 in Kinshasa, DR Congo) is a Cypriot professional handball player who plays as a goalkeeper for the Cypriot side Sabbianco Anorthosis Famagusta HC and captains the Cyprus men's national handball team. Nungovitch played for professional teams in Cyprus, Greece, France, Slovakia, Switzerland, Russia and Germany. Honours Club EHF Challenge Cup Winner: 2011–2012 Swiss NLB Champion: 2018-2019 Greek 1st League Champion: 2011-2012, 2013-2014 Runner-up: 2012-13, 2014-2015 Greek Cup Runner-up: 2013-14 Cypriot 1st League Champion: 2008-2009, 2009-2010, 2010–2011 Cypriot Cup Winner: 2008-2009, 2010-2011 National Team Weihai International Beach Handball Tournament, China Champion 2017 Individual Russian Super Cup Final (against Chekhovskiye Medvedi) MVP: 2019 International Tournament GoEasy-Cup Best Goalkeeper award: 2018 EBT Petrolina Beach Handball Tournament Best Goalkeeper award: 2017 4° International Handball Tournament Arminius Cup Best Goalkeeper award: 2017 2° IHF Men’s Emerging Nations Championship All-Star: 2017 Hellenic Handball Federation Best Goalkeeper: 2012, 2015 Cyprus Handball Federation Best Young Goalkeeper: 2008 References https://www.hsg-bieberau-modau.de/hsg-bieberau-modau-bindet-hauptsponsoren-und-praesentiert-fuenf-neuzugaenge/ http://www.tvendingen.ch/news-detailseite/saison-2017-18/nla/neuer-torhueter/ https://web.archive.org/web/20170817203748/http://slovakhandball.sk/article/5991ff5bb4ae2b010032d4d9 https://mynitra.sme.sk/c/20625022/hadzanari-sale-doma-strieborni.html http://www.chf.com.cy/7977 http://www.newsincyprus.com/news/81475/cyprus-men-national-team-in-beach-handball-secures-1st-place-in-international-tournament-in-china http://www.sigmalive.com/sports/all-other-sports/handball/440233/o-andreas-andreou-gia-tin-epityxia-tis-ethnikis-andron http://www.chf.com.cy/7919 https://www.handball.ch/de/news/2019/nlb-finalserie-der-tv-endingen-steigt-in-die-nla-auf/ https://nungovitchristopho.wixsite.com/christophorosnungo References Cypriot male handball players 1989 births Living people
29065311	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxing%20at%20the%202010%20Commonwealth%20Games%20%E2%80%93%20Light%20welterweight	Boxing at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Light welterweight	The Light Welterweight class in the boxing at the 2010 Commonwealth Games competition is the fifth lightest class. Light welterweights were limited to those boxers weighing less than 63.5 kilograms (140 lbs). 27 boxers competed in the event. Like all Olympic boxing events, the competition was a straight single-elimination tournament. Both semifinal losers were awarded bronze medals, so no boxers competed again after their first loss. Bouts consisted of three rounds of three minutes each, with one-minute breaks between rounds. Punches scored only if the front of the glove made full contact with the front of the head or torso of the opponent. Five judges scored each bout; three of the judges had to signal a scoring punch within one second for the punch to score. The winner of the bout was the boxer who scored the most valid punches by the end of the bout. Medalists Tournament Light Welterweight Bracket References Boxing at the 2010 Commonwealth Games
69841016	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN%202020oi	SN 2020oi	SN 2020oi was a supernova event in the grand design spiral galaxy known as Messier 100, or NGC 4321. It was discovered January 7, 2020 at an apparent magnitude of 17.28 by F. Forster and associates using the Zwicky Transient Facility. The position places it north of the galactic nucleus. The supernova was not detected on an observation made three days before the discovery, and thus it must have begun during that brief period. The light curve peaked around January 13–18, depending on the wavelength, then declined rapidly over a period of 25 days before flattening into a more gradual decline. Observations of the spectrum made with the SOAR telescope showed this to be a type Ic supernova, with the progenitor being a massive star that had its outer envelope stripped. The initial velocity of the expanding photosphere was . Models of the event give an initial (zero age main sequence) estimated mass of or for the progenitor. It was a member of a binary star system and lost its outer envelope of hydrogen and helium due to interaction with its companion. The resulting helium-poor star was primarily made of carbon and oxygen with a mass of about . The supernova explosion was the result of a collapse of an inert iron core. The event ejected of material and left behind a neutron star remnant with a presumed mass of . The explosion released about of energy, of which 60% was expended on kinetic energy. This is one of the few type Ic supernovae for which radio emission has been detected. Based on this data, the shock wave from the explosion advanced through the surrounding interstellar matter with a velocity of 3−. In order to produce the observed emission, the progenitor star underwent mass loss at an average rate of ·yr−1 at a typical wind velocity of . Images of the location taken prior to the event using the Hubble Space Telescope show a stellar cluster at that location. References Further reading </ref> Supernovae Messier 100 Coma Berenices Astronomical objects discovered in 2020
50872965	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016%20Martyr%27s%20Memorial%20C-Division%20League	2016 Martyr's Memorial C-Division League	The 2016 Martyr's Memorial C-Division League season is the third-tier club football competition in Nepal. A total of 13 teams competed in the league. 9 teams from the previous season were joined by 3 teams relegated from 2014 Martyr's Memorial B-Division League and 1 team from the 32-team qualifiers. The qualifiers were played at the Sanogaucharan Ground. The league was played at the ANFA Complex at Satdobato, Lalitpur. Qualifiers Teams Group stage Group A Group B Super League Awards References Martyr's Memorial C-Division League seasons 4
41473863	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir%20Robert%20Pigot%2C%207th%20Baronet	Sir Robert Pigot, 7th Baronet	Major-General Sir Robert Anthony Pigot, 7th Baronet CB OBE DL RM (6 July 1915 – 29 November 1986) was a Royal Marines officer. Son of George Douglas Hugh Pigot (2 August 1883 – 26 May 1959) and Hersey Elizabeth Maltby. He was educated at Stowe. He was commissioned into the RM in 1934 and served during the Second World War, and afterwards. His first marriage was on 7 October 1942 to Honor Amilia Gibbon (18 July 1915 – 26 November 1966), daughter of Captain Wilfred St Martin Gibbon. They had 2 children. Louise, born 21 July 1943, who married Peter Mellor of Newton, IOW. George Hugh, (8th Baronet) born 28 November 1946. He was appointed OBE in 1959 and CB in the 1964 New Year Honours. He succeeded his uncle as 7th Baronet in 1977. In 1968, he married secondly, Sarah Anne Colville. The couple lived at Bembridge. They had 2 children, Robert and Sophie. References 1915 births 1986 deaths High Sheriffs of the Isle of Wight Companions of the Order of the Bath Officers of the Order of the British Empire Baronets in the Baronetage of Great Britain Royal Marines personnel of World War II Royal Marines generals
35984507	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreshk%2C%20South%20Khorasan	Koreshk, South Khorasan	Koreshk (; also known as Qoreysh and Quraish) is a village in Sedeh Rural District, Sedeh District, Qaen County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 46, in 22 families. References Populated places in Qaen County
46221000	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jung%20Jong-kwan	Jung Jong-kwan	Jung Jong-Kwan (; 9 September 1981 – 30 May 2011) was a South Korean footballer. He was involved in the 2011 South Korean football betting scandal. He was found dead of a suspected suicide by hanging himself at his hotel room in Seoul. References External links 1981 births 2011 deaths Association football midfielders South Korean footballers Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors FC players K League 1 players K3 League players People from Changwon Soongsil University alumni Suicides by hanging in South Korea 2011 suicides
52669228	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park%20Chan-jong	Park Chan-jong	Park Chan-jong (Hangul: 박찬종; born 2 September 1989 in Ulsan) is a South Korean footballer was last played for Hong Kong Premier League club Yuen Long. He is a versatile midfielder and can play as Attacking midfielder or Winger. References External links 1989 births Living people Association football midfielders South Korean footballers South Korean expatriate footballers NK Moslavina players NK Croatia Sesvete players NK GOŠK Gabela players Yuen Long FC players Hong Kong Premier League players Expatriate footballers in Hong Kong South Korean expatriate sportspeople in Hong Kong People from Ulsan
65415424	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain%20Ash%20Urban%20District	Mountain Ash Urban District	Mountain Ash Urban District was a local authority in Mountain Ash, in the Cynon Valley, Glamorgan, Wales. It was created in 1894 as a result of the 1894 Local Government of England and Wales Act.The Council existed until 1973 and replaced the Mountain Ash Local Board of Health which had functioned since the 1870s. Initially, the Council had fifteen members, but this was increased to eighteen in 1898. The council was based at Mountain Ash Town Hall. Election Results in the 1890s 1894 Election The inaugural election wa held in December 1894. Among those elected were two checkweighers at local collieries, John Powell and John Williams. Williams later served as MP for Gower from 1906 until 1922. East Ward South Ward West Ward 1896 Election In two of the three wards candidates were returned unopposed. East Ward South Ward West Ward The only contested election in the West Ward was contested by four Liberals. 1898 Election Following significant growth in the population of the locality the wards were redrawn for this election and all members were obliged to seek re-election for six new wards, each of which returned three members. A number of nominated candidates withdrew before the election. Several retiring councillors were defeated. Abercynon Ward Darranlas Ward Duffryn Ward Miskin Ward Penrhiwceiber Ward Ynysybwl Ward 1899 Election Only one ward was contested, namely Miskin, where Adam Clark regained a seat he has lost the previous year. In Duffryn Ward the sitting councillor William Litle was nominated but withdrew in favour of Gwilym Jones, a former member defeated in 1898. Abercynon Ward Darranlas Ward Duffryn Ward Miskin Ward Penrhiwceiber Ward Ynysybwl Ward 1908 Election There were elections in all four wards. Darranlas Ward Duffryn Ward Penrhiwceiber Ward Abercynon Ward References Urban districts of Wales Rhondda Cynon Taf
13732450	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony%20Jenkinson	Anthony Jenkinson	Anthony Jenkinson (1529 – 1610/1611) was born at Market Harborough, Leicestershire. He was one of the first Englishmen to explore Muscovy and present-day Russia. Jenkinson was a traveller and explorer on behalf of the Muscovy Company and the English crown. He also met Ivan the Terrible several times during his trips to Moscow and Russia. He detailed the accounts of his travel through several written works over his life. Family life Anthony Jenkinson's father, William Jenkinson, was a man of great property and wealth. Anthony Jenkinson was thus trained in his earlier years for a mercantile career. By the year 1568, Jenkinson had become a pivotal researcher for the Muscovy Company. On 26 January 1568 Jenkinson married his wife Judith Marshe, daughter of John Marshe and his wife Alice. Marshe had extensive business ties, including being one of the founding members of the Company. Jenkinson thus benefited greatly through these financial ties. Jenkinson and his wife had six daughters and five sons, of whom only four daughters and a son survived. There exists speculation that Jenkinson had an illegitimate daughter, Anne Beck or Whateley, who may at one point have been engaged to be married to William Shakespeare. However, these claims are widely disregarded as mere speculation on the part of their originator, William Ross. By 1606 Jenkinson was living in a manor house in Ashton. His wife died before him from a bad case of palsy. Jenkinson was buried on 16 February 1611 at Holy Trinity Church in Teigh, Rutland. Anthony's son Sir Robert was the father of the first of the Jenkinson Baronets of Hawkesbury, Gloucestershire. Travels to Muscovy Jenkinson traveled to Muscovy several times during his life on behalf of the Muscovy Company. Following the establishment of official diplomatic relations and trade between Russia and England which had occurred with Richard Chancellor and the ship Edward Bonaventure, Anthony Jenkinson, who became the first English Ambassador to Russia in 1566, sailed from London, England, to land at Russia near the mouth of the Dvina River close to the convent of St. Nicholas at Nyonoksa. He was aboard the Primrose in charge of a fleet of four ships: the other three were the John the Evangelist, Anne, and Trinity. Of the previous ships which had sailed this route, the Edward Bonaventure was lost at sea in 1556 and both the Bona Confidentia and Bona Esperanza had been lost at sea in 1557 with only Philip and Mary returning to London in July 1557. First Expedition, 1558 Jenkinson was in Moscow in the year 1558. He began his journey by traveling south down the Oka and Volga Rivers, passing through the Khanate of Kazan (conquered by Russia in 1552), and arrived at the town of Astrakhan, (conquered 1556). His party continued their journey south-east after traveling across the Caspian Sea to Serachik (Serakhs), where they joined a merchant caravan and traveled for several months across the Tatar lands of the Nogai Horde. They reached Bokhara after fighting off bandits in the desert, but found that though the routes to China and India were well known, they were impassable due to wars and banditry along the way. The hostility of the local authorities made their stay precarious, and ultimately they were forced to retrace their steps, leaving Bokhara only shortly before the army of Samarkand arrived to besiege it. After many more hardships, including having to completely re-rig the boat they had left on the Caspian (making their own sails, ropes and cables), they arrived back in Moscow in 1559, but could not travel back to England until the spring of 1560 opened the sea passages again. On this journey, however, Jenkinson did manage to make a map of some of the Russian and Tatar territories, though he fell into the common mistake of assuming the Aral Sea was a gulf of the Caspian. His map was incorporated into Ortelius' atlas Theatrum orbis terrarum. Ippolyta Jenkinson brought a young woman or child from Russia to England, who joined the court of Queen Elizabeth. She became known as "Ippolyta the Tartarian". A pewter metal doll was bought for her to play with, and she was given gifts of lavish clothing, and some of the queen's old clothes. Second Expedition, 1561 Upon his arrival back from his first expedition into Russia, Jenkinson immediately began to prepare for a second expedition there. His intent was to travel to Russia and continue through to Persia. He arrived in Moscow in August 1561, with the intent to talk trade terms with Ivan the Terrible. However, he was not capable of having an audience with him until March 1562. From there, Jenkinson traveled across Russia, down the Caspian and into Persia, where he reached the court of Shah Tahmasp, then at Qazvin, and managed to obtain preferential trading deals on behalf of the Muscovy Company. However, he found that the wider objective of breaking into the Indian Ocean trade was blocked by the Portuguese outpost at Ormuz on the Persian Gulf, and the sale of English goods was limited by competition from the Venetians operating via the much shorter route from the Mediterranean through Syria. Also during this expedition, he made a great impression on Ivan the Terrible who granted a large extension of trading rights to the Muscovy Company. In his travels into Central Asia and Persia, Jenkinson had a relationship of mutual advantage with the Tsar, buying commodities on the Tsar's behalf, but also benefiting from Ivan's letters of credence, which had considerable weight with local powers in the aftermath of Russia's triumphs at Kazan and Astrakhan. In July 1564 Jenkinson returned to London. Service off the coast of Scotland, 1565 Jenkinson was sent in the Ayde to Scotland during the political crisis of the Chaseabout Raid. He sailed into the Firth of Forth on 25 September 1565. Jenkinson's mission was to blockade Leith to prevent Lord Seton landing munitions for Mary, Queen of Scots sent from France. An adverse wind brought him within range of the cannon of the fortress isle of Inchkeith. In the previous month, Lord Darnley had personally inspected the garrison and guns of the island. Jenkinson had been ordered not to declare that he had been sent by the English government, and told the Scottish authorities that he was looking for pirates. Queen Mary sent aboard Anthony Standen with a present of a bow and arrows and a "box of conserve" for Queen Elizabeth and a gold chain worth 500 merks and a gilt cup for the captain, and he sailed back to Berwick-on-Tweed. In October 1565 Jenkinson captured a ship belonging to Charles Wilson near Dunbar, frustrating a plan of the English diplomat in Scotland, Thomas Randolph. Wilson was intending to sail to Fife, Scotland and pick up Agnes Keith, the pregnant wife of the rebel Scottish Earl of Moray, and take her to England. Jenkinson's failure to blockade the Forth and his other activities resulted in a dispute with the Earl of Bedford who was England's leading diplomat in Scottish affairs Third Expedition, 1566 Jenkinson was sent to Russia for a third time in order to settle a dispute regarding the trade deals that England had made with Russia during Jenkinson's last voyage there in 1564. Upon his arrival, in a letter sent back to his friend, Jenkinson mentioned the cruelty that had swept over the Russian territories due to Ivan. In order to successfully negotiate the trade terms, Jenkinson was sent back to England. He was ordered to bring war experts to Russia to help Ivan with his wars. Due to this voyage, Jenkinson successfully negotiated new trade terms with the Russian monarch in September 1567. Fourth Expedition, 1571 In July 1571, Jenkinson was sent to Russia on his fourth and final expedition there. In 1568, Ivan had revoked the trading privileges that Jenkinson had successfully obtained in 1566. On behalf of Queen Elizabeth I, Jenkinson was sent to reinstate the trade agreement. After being held up at Kholmogory for six months due to plague, Jenkinson was finally able to arrive in Moscow by May 1572. During his voyage Jenkinson remarked on the devastation that the Crimean Tatars had committed upon parts of the country. By 23 July, Jenkinson had successfully reinstated all trading privileges with Ivan and Russia. Writings Jenkinson's maps of Russia were incorporated into Ortelius' famous atlas Theatrum orbis terrarum. Also, historians have mined many of Jenkinson's surviving personal letters, in which he describes Russia. Particularly, he makes mention of Ivan's terrible and atrocious form of rule. Also, Jenkinson's travel accounts were used in Richard Hakluyt's compendium of geographic, trade and exploration material The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation. See also Chronology of European exploration of Asia Anne Whateley References External links Oxford Dictionary of National Biographies (http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/14736) 1529 births 1610s deaths Ambassadors of England to Russia 16th-century English writers 16th-century male writers 17th-century English diplomats People from Market Harborough People of the Muscovy Company Writers about Russia Historians of Iran People from Peterborough Burials in Rutland
45314810	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progress%20Pledge/Bretton%20Woods%20II	Progress Pledge/Bretton Woods II	The Bretton Woods II initiative works with very large, long-term asset holders to reduce their exposure to risk and volatility through strategic investments in social impact and development. The initiative has three main components: 1) Participants dedicate a percentage of their assets to social impact investment and development finance. 2) These resources are focused on countries that adopt basic standards of accountability, transparency, and citizen engagement with the goal of encouraging better governance. 3) Participants support regulatory reforms developed by the G-8 Social Impact Investment Task Force and National Advisory Boards on Impact Investment. These changes eliminate red tape around impact investment and incentivize asset holders to direct resources toward projects that provide broader benefits to society. Context Pension funds, charitable endowments, and sovereign wealth funds control over $25 trillion in assets worldwide. As investors, these groups share two key attributes: first, they have unusually long time horizons. Pension liabilities extend across decades, and endowments and sovereign wealth funds are often designed to operate in perpetuity. Second, the holdings of these investors span every region and sector. They are too big and too broadly diversified to hide from market volatility. When the world economy prospers, their assets grow. Conversely, when world markets falter, it undermines the ability of these investors to realize their long-term financial objectives. Asset holders in these groups derive significant benefits from reductions in market volatility. However, despite the fact that large asset holders clearly benefit from reduced volatility and related improvements in the investment climate, they rarely use their assets to influence these variables. The core of the Bretton Woods II initiative is the reality that large, long-term asset holders can use their investment strategies to shape a landscape that will be more conducive to stability, prosperity, and sustainability. Supporters Dr. Tomicah Tillemann, who previously served as Senior Advisor to Hillary Clinton, John Kerry, and Joe Biden, directs the initiative from the New America Foundation. The Pledge has drawn support from a broad range of leaders and experts at organizations in civil society and the private sector including Bono's ONE Campaign, the United Nations Foundation, the Center for Global Development, the Aspen Institute, the State Department, and the World Bank. The Initiative The Bretton Woods II initiative brings together large asset holders around three goals designed to address this opportunity: 1) Investors dedicate at least 1% of their assets or profits to social impact investment, development finance, or civil society support. 2) These resources are focused on countries that adopt basic standards of governance, accountability, and citizen engagement. CalPERS, the largest non-federal pension fund in the United States, has pioneered similar guidelines. A version of these rules would be developed to serve the needs of a broader array of investors. This effort will create a multibillion-dollar incentive for good governance and citizen engagement grounded in successful principles in use by the Millennium Challenge Corporation. 3) Providing support for regulatory reforms developed by the G-8 Social Impact Investment Task Force and National Advisory Boards on Impact Investment. These changes will eliminate red tape around impact investment and incentivize asset holders to direct resources toward projects that provide broader benefits to society. A large consortium of organizations working with the New America Foundation have joined the effort to build out the analytical case for impact investment, assess potential returns from different impact investment strategies, and develop metrics for gauging impact. The partners are working to demonstrate that asset holders have both a vested interest and a fiduciary obligation to pursue impact investments that reduce market volatility, improve governance, and advance Sustainable Development Goals. References International finance Social economy
24334447	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodard%20of%20Utrecht	Theodard of Utrecht	Theodard (Thiatbraht) was Bishop of Utrecht from around 784 to around 790. It is believed that because of his name Théodard, like his predecessors Gregory and Alberic, he was related to the Carolingian house. There is nothing known of his administration. In Vienna there is a 6th-century Livy manuscript written with a note from the 8th century: Codex iste est episcopi Theutberti the Dorestat (translation: this book is owned by Theutbert, bishop of Dorestad). Further reading Dekker, C., history of the province of Utrecht, Utrecht, 1997 Dick Block, The Netherlands Franconia, Haarlem, 1979 Bishops of Utrecht 8th-century Frankish bishops 8th-century deaths Year of birth unknown
47206529	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriarch%20Cosmas%20II	Patriarch Cosmas II	Patriarch Cosmas II may refer to: Cosmas II of Constantinople, Ecumenical Patriarch in 1146–1147 Cosmas II of Alexandria, Greek Patriarch of Alexandria in 1723–1736
13676290	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Howard%20Fraleigh	Thomas Howard Fraleigh	Thomas Howard Fraleigh (June 28, 1877 – January 29, 1946) was an Ontario farmer and political figure. He represented Lambton East in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1929 to 1934 as a Conservative member. He was born in St. Marys, Ontario, the son of Sidney Fraleigh, and was educated there. In 1902, he married Winnifred Anderson. He belonged to the local Masonic lodge. Fraleigh grew flax and hemp near Forest, Ontario. Fraleigh also pioneered techniques to make more efficient use of pasture land when raising of livestock. Fraleigh coordinated Canadian flax production in World War I: flax was shipped to Ireland to produce linen for use in the manufacture of airplane wings. Fraleigh also experimented with the production of hemp for use in manufacturing fibres. The cultivation of hemp was later banned in Canada because of its association with cannabis. He died at his home in Forest, Ontario, on January 29, 1946. References Canadian Parliamentary Guide, 1930, AL Normandin External links Lambton County's Hundred Years, 1849 - 1949, V Lauriston (1949) 1877 births 1946 deaths Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario MPPs
34910114	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith%20Behrman	Keith Behrman	Keith Behrman (born April 1, 1963, in Shaunavon, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian film and television director and writer, who won the Claude Jutra Award in 2003 for his debut film Flower & Garnet. Behrman also won the Vancouver International Film Festival's Telefilm Canada Award for best emerging Western Canadian feature film director in 2002, and the film was named to the Toronto International Film Festival's annual Canada's Top Ten list for 2002. His second feature film, Giant Little Ones, premiered in 2018. Behrman also wrote and directed the short films Thomas, White Cloud, Blue Mountain, Ernest and Cape Breton Highlands, and has directed episodes of the television series Da Vinci's Inquest, Godiva's, This Is Wonderland, and The Stagers. References External links Film directors from Saskatchewan Canadian television directors Canadian screenwriters Canadian television writers Writers from Saskatchewan Living people People from Shaunavon, Saskatchewan 1963 births Best First Feature Genie and Canadian Screen Award winners Canadian Film Centre alumni
18657086	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%C5%BCyce	Giżyce	Giżyce may refer to the following places: Giżyce, Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland) Giżyce, Lublin Voivodeship (east Poland) Giżyce, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
17789524	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%20donne%20vendicate	Le donne vendicate	Le donne vendicate (also titled The Revenge of the Women, Il vago disprezzato and Le fat méprisé) is a musical farce that consists of two intermezzi by composer Niccolò Piccinni with an Italian libretto by Carlo Goldoni. Goldoni's text had already been used twice previously, in operas by Gioacchino Cocchi (1751) and Giuseppe Scolari (1757). Piccinni's version was first performed at the Teatro alla Valle in Rome in 1763. Historical background Le donne vendicate was commissioned by Cecilia Mahony Giustiniani, Princess of Bassano Romano, to be performed for Carnival in 1763. The publisher of the original score, Agostino Palombini, dedicated the printed libretto to her. The production was a critical success at its premiere with particular praise for the beautiful scenery painted by Sig. Giacomo Castellari, the elaborate costumes prepared by Giuseppe Griselli, the moving performances by the singers, and the beauty of the music. The opera ranks as one of the composer's more successful ventures, as witnessed by the large number of scores that survived in Austria, Germany, France, Poland, Italy and elsewhere. The exact date of the first performance is now unknown but it was sometime during Carnival in 1763. The two intermezzi tell one complete story and are meant to be performed together, in between acts of an opera seria. Roles Recordings Le donne vendicate with conductor Diego Fasolis and I Barocchisti. Cast includes: Vincenzo Di Donato as Count Bellezza, Giuliana Castellani as Lindora, Mauro Buda as Ferramonte, and Sylva Pozzer as Aurelia. Released on the Chandos label in 2004. References Notes Sources Original libretto: Le donne vendicate : intermezzi per musica a quattro voci da rappresentarsi nel Teatro alla Valle nel carnevale dell'anno 1763 : dedicati a Sua Eccellenza la Sig. principessa D. Cecilia Mahony Giustiniani : principessa di Bassano duchessa di Corbara &c., Rome, Stamperia di San Michele a Ripa, 1763 (accessible for free online at the Library of Congress website) Holden, Amanda (Ed.), The New Penguin Opera Guide, New York: Penguin Putnam, 2001. Warrack, John and West, Ewan, The Oxford Dictionary of Opera New York: OUP: 1992 1763 operas Operas Italian-language operas Libretti by Carlo Goldoni Intermezzi Operas by Niccolò Piccinni
10413964	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carinthian%20Slovenes	Carinthian Slovenes	Carinthian Slovenes or Carinthian Slovenians (; ) are the indigenous minority of Slovene ethnicity, living within borders of the Austrian state of Carinthia, neighboring Slovenia. Their status of the minority group is guaranteed in principle by the Constitution of Austria and under international law, and have seats in the National Ethnic Groups Advisory Council. History The present-day Slovene-speaking area was initially settled towards the end of the early medieval Migration Period by, among others, the West Slavic peoples, and thereafter eventually by the South Slavs, who became the predominant group (see Slavic settlement of Eastern Alps). A South Slavic informal language with western Slavonic influence arose. At the end of the migration period, a Slavic proto-state called Carantania, the precursor of the later Duchy of Carinthia, arose; it extended far beyond the present area of the present state and its political center is said to have lain in the Zollfeld Valley. In the mid 8th century, the Carantanian Prince Boruth, embattled by the Avars, had to pledge allegiance to Duke Odilo of Bavaria. The principality became part of Francia and the Carolingian Empire under Emperor Charlemagne, and, in consequence, was incorporated as the Carinthian march of the Holy Roman Empire. As a result of this, German noble families became gradually prevalent, while the rural population remained Slavic. Finally, Bavarian settlers moved into Carinthia, where they established themselves in the hitherto sparsely populated areas, such as wooded regions and high valleys. Only here and there did this lead to the direct displacement of Slavs (the development of the Slovene nation did not take place until later). A language border formed which kept steady until the 19th century. The local capital Klagenfurt, at this time a bilingual city with social superior German usage and Slovene-speaking environs, was also a centre of Slovene culture and literature. Carinthian Plebiscite With the emergence of the nationalist movement in the late Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, there was an acceleration in the process of assimilation; at the same time the conflict between national groups became more intense. In the course of the dissolution of Austria-Hungary at the end of World War I, the Carinthian provisional assembly proclaimed the accession to German-Austria, whereafter the newly established State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs for a short time occupied the districts where the greater majority still used Slovene. Armed clashes followed and this issue also split the Slovene population. In the plebiscite zone in which the Slovene-speaking proportion of the population constituted about 70%, 59% of those who voted came out to remain with the First Austrian Republic. In the run-up to the plebiscite the state government gave an assurance that it would promote and support the retention of Slovene culture. These conciliatory promises, in addition to economic and other reasons, led to about 40% of the Slovenes living in the plebiscite zone voting to retain the unity of Carinthia. Voting patterns were, however, different by region; in many municipalities there were majorities who voted to become part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (mainly in the south). Initially, the Slovene community in Carinthia enjoyed minority rights like bilingual schools and parishes, Slovene newspapers, associations and representatives in municipal councils and in the Landtag assembly. Interwar Period Similar to other European states, German nationalism in Austria grew in the interwar period and ethnic tensions led to an increasing discrimination against Carinthian Slovenes. Promises made were broken, assimilation was forced by dividing the Carinthian Slovenes into "nationalist" Slovenes proper and "Germanophile" Windisch, even by denying that their language – a Slovene dialect with a large number of words borrowed from German – was Slovene at all. Nazi persecution during World War II The persecution increased with the 1938 Anschluss and escalated in 1942, when Slovene families were systematically expelled from their farms and homes and many were also sent to Nazi concentration camps, such as Ravensbrück concentration camp, where the multiple-awarded writer Maja Haderlap's Grandmother was sent to. Anti-Nazi military resistance of Austria Following the Nazi persecution, Slovene minority members – including the multiple-awarded writer Maja Haderlap's grandfather and father – joined the only Anti-Nazi military resistance of Austria, i.e. Slovene Partisans. Many returned to Carinthia, including its capital city Klagenfurt, as part of Yugoslav Partisans. Families whose members were fighting against Nazis as resistance fighters, were treated as 'homeland traitors' by the Austrian German-speaking neighbors, as described by Maja Haderlap, after the WWII when they were forced by the British to withdrew from Austria. Austrian State Treaty As the Nazi rule had strongy reinforced the stigmatization of Slovene language and culture, anti-Slovene sentiments continued after WWII amongst large swaths of the German-speaking population in Carinthia. On 15 May 1955, the Austrian State Treaty was signed, in Article 7 of which the “rights of the Slovene and Croat minorities” in Austria were regulated. In 1975, the electoral grouping of the Slovene national group (Unity List) only just failed to gain entry to the state assembly. With the argument that in elections the population should vote for the political parties rather than according to their ethnic allegiance, before the next elections in 1979 the originally single electoral district of Carinthia was divided into four constituencies. The area of settlement of Carinthian Slovenes was divided up and these parts were in turn combined with purely German-speaking parts of the province. In the new constituencies, the Slovene-speaking proportion of the population was reduced in such a way that it was no longer possible for the representatives of national minorities to succeed in getting into the state assembly. The Austrian Center for Ethnic Groups and the representatives of Carinthian Slovenes saw in this way of proceeding a successful attempt of gerrymandering in order to reduce the political influence of the Slovene-speaking minority group. In 1957, the German national Kärntner Heimatdienst (KHD) pressure group was established, by its own admission in order to advocate the interests of "patriotic" Carinthians. In the 1970s, the situation again escalated in a dispute over bilingual place-name signs (Ortstafelstreit), but thereafter became less tense. However, continuing up to the present, individual statements by Slovene politicians are interpreted by parts of the German-speaking population as Slovene territorial claims, and they therefore regard the territorial integrity of Carinthia as still not being guaranteed. This interpretation is rejected both by the Slovene government and by the organizations representing the interests of Carinthian Slovenes. The territorial integrity of Carinthia and its remaining part of Austria are said not to be placed in question at all. Current developments Since the 1990s, a growing interest in Slovene on the part of the German-speaking Carinthians has been perceptible, but this could turn out to be too late in view of the increase in the proportion of elderly people. From 1997, Slovene and German traditionalist associations met in regular roundtable discussions to reach a consensus. However, the success of Jörg Haider, former governor of Carinthia from 1999 to 2008, in making again a political issue out of the dispute over bilingual place-name signs showed that the conflict is, as before, still present. Area of settlement and proportion of the population At the end of the 19th century, Carinthian Slovenes comprised approximately one quarter to one third of the total population of Carinthia, which then, however, included parts that in the meantime have been ceded. In the course of the 20th century, the numbers declined, especially because of the pressure to assimilate, to an official figure of 2.3% of the total population. As the pressure from German came above all from the west and north, the present area of settlement lies in the south and east of the state, in the valleys known in German as Jauntal (Slovene: ), Rosental (Slovene: ), the lower Lavanttal (), the Sattniz (Gure) mountains between the Drau River and Klagenfurt, and the lower part of Gailtal / (to about as far as Tröpolach). Köstenberg and Diex are approximately the most northerly points of current Slovene settlement. The municipalities with the highest proportion of Carinthian Slovenes are Zell (89%), Globasnitz (42%), and Eisenkappel-Vellach (38%), according to the 2001 special census which inquired about the mother tongue and preferred language. The actual number of Carinthian Slovenes is disputed, as both the representatives of Slovene organizations and the representatives of Carinthian traditional organizations describe the census results as inaccurate. The former point to the, in part, strongly fluctuating census results in individual municipalities, which in their opinion correlate strongly with political tensions in national minority questions. Consequently, the results would underestimate the actual number of Carinthian Slovenes. The South Carinthian municipality of Gallizien is cited as an example: according to the 1951 census the proportion of Slovene speakers was 80%, whereas in 1961—in absence of any significant migratory movements and with approximately the same population—the proportion dropped to only 11%. As a further example, the results of the former municipality of Mieger (now in the municipality of Ebental) are cited, which in 1910 and 1923 had a Slovene-speaking population of 96% and 51% respectively, but in 1934 only 3%. After World War II and a relaxation of relations between both population groups, the municipality showed a result of 91.5% in the 1951 census. Ultimately, in 1971 in the run-up to the Carinthian place-name signs dispute, the number of the Slovenes was reduced again to 24%. The representatives of Carinthian Slovenes regard the census results as the absolute lower limit. They refer to an investigation carried out in 1991 in bilingual parishes, in the process of which there was a question about the colloquial language used by members of the parish. The results of this investigation (50,000 members of national minority groups) differed significantly from those of the census that took place in the same year (about 14,000). Carinthian traditional organizations, on the other hand, estimate the actual number of self-declared Slovenes as being 2,000 to 5,000 persons. Language Dialects The Carinthian group of Slovene dialects extends beyond the present borders of Carinthia. Carinthian Slovene dialects are spoken throughout Slovenian Carinthia and extend into the Pohorje Mountains and along the upper Drava Valley in Slovenian Styria. Additionally, a Carinthian Slovene dialect is spoken in the Upper Carniolan locality of Rateče in Slovenia (close to the border with Italy), whereas in the nearby town of Kranjska Gora, a transitional dialect between Carinthian and Upper Carniolan is spoken. Carinthian Slovenes traditionally speak four dialects, all of them belonging to the Carinthian dialect group. These are the Jaun Valley dialect, the Rosen Valley dialect, the Gail Valley dialect, and the Ebriach dialect. The former, which is influenced by the Upper Carniolan dialect, can also be regarded as a subgroup of the Jaun Valley dialect. The Carinthian dialects are particularly unadulterated. In the present German-speaking areas, the Slavic basis of place and pasture names as far as into the upper part of the Möll Valley can be demonstrated. German and Slovene have in any case exercised a reciprocal influence in tone and vocabulary on each other in the course of the centuries. Windisch The historic description Windisch was applied in the German-speaking area to all Slavic languages (confer Wends in Germania Slavica) and in particular to the Slovene spoken in southern Austria until the 19th century. The term is still used in part (predominantly by German nationalist circles) as an overall term for Slovene dialects spoken in Carinthia. However, because of the historical associations of the term, “a German word with pejorative overtones”, it is rejected by a large part of the Carinthian Slovene population. According to linguistic standards, the assumption of a Windisch language or an eponymous Slovene dialect (as distinct from the Carinthian dialect group) is not sustainable. For political reasons, Windisch is sometimes counted in addition to Slovene as a separate language category or as a mixed language. This perspective is also being revived by certain backward-looking groups in Slovenia and elsewhere through the rejected Venetic theory. Actually the German term Wenden is derived from the Latin Venetae, a denotation for both the ancient Adriatic Veneti and the Celtic Veneti in Gaul. From the 6th and 7th centuries onwards, the—neutral—term was applied to the people living in the Slavic principality of Carantania by German immigrants descending from Bavaria. It was perpetuated by Primož Trubar's Catechismus in der windischen Sprach, the first printed book in Slovene published in 1550, and still common during the Protestant Reformation, as noted by scholar Jernej Kopitar (1780–1844). Literature after the Second World War In early 1981, the novel Der Zögling Tjaž by Florjan Lipuš appeared in a German translation by Peter Handke, which led to Handke being described by the Wiener Extrablatt as "Article 7 personified" for this literary achievement. In addition to Lipuš, Handke later translated Gustav Januš. However, Slovene literature in Carinthia is made up not only of Januš and Lipuš, but also a number of other authors. Mirko Kumer, Kristo Srienc and Valentin Polanšek were part of the tradition, but in addition to Lipuš, Janko Messner was part of a small, more innovative group that is nevertheless committed to the literary tradition. Lipuš himself has developed into an outstanding belletrist. Younger prose authors include Jože Blajs, Martin Kuchling, Kristijan Močilnik and the internationally known Janko Ferk. There are a considerable number of lyric poets, Milka Hartman being outstanding. Anton Kuchling was part of this generation. Gustav Januš and Andrej Kokot, as well as those lyric poets not currently writing, namely Erik Prunč and Karel Smolle, form the next generation. A group including Janko Ferk, Maja Haderlap, Franc Merkac, Jani Oswald, Vincenc Gotthardt, Fabjan Hafner and Cvetka Lipuš that formed itself predominantly around the literary periodical Mladje (Youth) follows these lyric poets. Rezka Kanzian and Tim O. Wüster, whose works have not (as of 2006) appeared in books of their own, are part of the youngest generation. Slovene literature in Carinthia since the Second World War has displayed a clear will to live; in the 2000s, it is an emancipated literature free from provincialism. Johann (Janez) Strutz in particular has rendered outstanding services to the literature of Carinthian Slovenes from the point of view of the sociology, theory and history of literature. His book Profile der neuen slowenischen Literatur in Kärnten (“Profiles of modern Slovene literature in Carinthia”), published in 1998 in a revised and extended edition, is a much respected standard work. Maja Haderlap has taken a much-needed literary theme: the Austria's only militarily organized resistance against National Socialism – the Carinthian minority – Carinthian Slovenes as one of the non-Jewish Holocaust's victims. Educational system In 1848, the Ministry of Education decreed that compulsory school pupils should be taught in their respective native language. The efforts of German nationalist forces in Carinthia to change this regulation were unsuccessful until the end of the 1860s. Between 1855 and 1869, the Slovene compulsory school system lay in the hands of the Roman Catholic Church, which was traditionally friendly to the Slovenes. From 1869, there was a major alteration in the instructions regarding the use of the native language in teaching, resulting from the Imperial law on state schools, as from this time the authority maintaining the school could lay down the language of instruction. This led to a large proportion of compulsory schools being converted into so-called utraquist schools, in which Slovene was regarded as an auxiliary language to be used in teaching only until pupils had acquired an adequate command of German. Only few schools remained purely Slovene (in 1914: St Jakob in Rosental, St Michael ob Bleiburg and Zell Parish). The utraquist form of school remained in existence until 1941. This school system was rejected by the Slovene national minority as an “instrument of Germanization”. On 3 October 1945, a new law on schools that envisaged a bilingual education for all children in the traditional area of settlement of the Carinthian Slovenes, regardless of the ethnic group to which they belonged, was passed. Bilingual education took place in the first three school years, after which Slovene was a compulsory subject. After the signing of the State Treaty in 1955 and the solution of the hitherto open question of the course of the Austrian–Yugoslav border that was implicitly associated with this, there were protests against this model, culminating in 1958 in a school strike. As a result of this development, the state governor (Landeshauptmann), Ferdinand Wedenig, issued a decree in September 1958 that made it possible for parents or guardians to deregister their children from bilingual teaching. In March 1959, the educational system was again altered to the effect that henceforth pupils had to register explicitly for bilingual education. As a result of what in effect was an associated compulsion to declare one’s allegiance to an ethnic minority, the numbers of pupils in the bilingual system sank considerably. In 1958, only 20.88%, and in the 1970s, only 13.9% of bilingual pupils registered for German–Slovene teaching. The minorities’ school law that was altered in the course of a three-party agreement SPÖ (Social Democratic Party of Austria), ÖVP (Austrian People's Party), and FPÖ (Austrian Freedom Party) that envisaged a far-reaching separation on the basis of classes of primary school pupils into those taught bilingually and those taught only in German. The issue of whether headteachers of bilingual schools must be able to produce a bilingual qualification remains controversial. An extension of what is being offered by schools is faced with the general development in the bilingual education system that has been described and that is viewed critically by Slovene organizations In 1957, the federal grammar school and federal secondary school for the Slovenes (Bundesgymnasium and Bundesrealgymnasium für Slowenen/Zvezna gimnazija in Zvezna realna gimnazija za Slovence) was founded, in whose building the bilingual federal commercial school (Zweisprachige Bundeshandelsakademie/Dvojezična zvezna trgovska akademija) has also been accommodated since 1991. Since 1989, there has been a secondary school (Höhere Lehranstalt) operated by the Roman Catholic Church in St Peter in Rosental (municipality of St Jakob). Following a decision by the Constitutional Court, school pupils in Klagenfurt are able to attend a public-funded bilingual primary school, in addition to the one operated by the Church. As a result of a private initiative, the Slovene music school (Kärntner Musikschule/Glasbena šola na Koroškem) was founded in 1984 and has received public funds since 1998 when a co-operation agreement was concluded with the State of Carinthia. However, the amount of this financial support (in relation to the number of pupils) contravenes the law on equality of treatment in the view of the Austrian National Minorities Center, as the other operator in the Carinthian music school system, the Musikschulwerk, receives, on a per capita basis, a higher amount. The Glasbena šola is able to continue its operations, however, with the help of contributions from the Republic of Slovenia. An increased interest by people in South Carinthia in bilingual education has been generally perceptible since the 1990s. In the 2007/08 school year, 41% of the pupils in primary schools in the area in which the minority school system applied were registered for bilingual teaching – the proportion of children without previous knowledge of Slovene amounted to over 50%. Civil society institutions The Slovene minority in Carinthia has a well-developed network of civil society institutions. The main "umbrella organizations" are the National Council of Carinthian Slovenes (Narodni svet koroških Slovencev – Rat der Kärntner Slowenen), representing Christian and conservative views, and the Association of Slovene Organisations (Zveza slovenskih organizacij – Zentralverband slowenischer Organisationen), closer to left-wing and liberal policies. The main political association is the Carinthian Unity List (Kärntner Einheitsliste), a joint political platform that runs at local elections. Other important organizations include: Krščanska kulturna zveza (Christlicher Kulturverband) – Christian Cultural Association Slovenska prosvetna zveza (Slowenischer Kulturverband) – Slovene Cultural Association Slovenska gospodarska zveza (Slowenischer Wirtschaftsverband) – Slovene Economic Organization Skupnost južnokoroških kmetov (Gemeinschaft der Südkärntner Bauern) – Community of South Carinthian Farmers Slovenska planinska Družba (Alpenverein der Kärntner Slowenen) – Alpine Climbing Club of Carinthian Slovenes Slovenski atletski klub (Slowenischer Athletikklub) – Slovene Athletic Club Koroška dijaška zveza (Slowenischer Studenten Verband) – Slovene Students’ Association Media Nedelja – Slovene-language weekly newspaper of the diocese of Gurk Novice – Slovene-language weekly news-sheet Mohorjeva družba-Hermagoras – Catholic bilingual publisher (Klagenfurt) Drava Verlag – bilingual publisher (Klagenfurt) Lobbying The Christian cultural association and the National Council have endowed an annual award, the Einspieler Prize (named after the founder of the Hermagoras Society Publishing House, Andrej Einspieler), to individuals who have rendered outstanding services to the cause of co-existence. The prize has been awarded to, among others, the industrialist Herbert Liaunig, the governor of South Tyrol Luis Durnwalder, and professor of general and diachronic linguistics at the University of Klagenfurt Heinz Dieter Pohl, scholar and professor at the Central European University Anton Pelinka Roman Catholic prelate Egon Kapellari, Austrian politician Rudolf Kirchschläger and others. Notable personalities of Slovene ethnicity from Carinthia Matija Ahacel (1779–1845) – philologist, publicist, collector of folk songs Tomaz Druml (born 1988) – Nordic combined skier Lambert Ehrlich (1878–1942) – theologian, ethnologist and political activist Andrej Einspieler (1813–1888) – priest, author and politician Ivan Grafenauer (1880–1964) – literary critic and ethnologist Maja Haderlap (born 1961) – multiply awarded writer of the Angel of Oblivion novel, and poet Marko Hanžič (1683–1766) – Jesuit historian Milka Hartmann (1902–1997) – poet Valentin Inzko (born 1949) – diplomat, High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina Anton Janežič (1828–1869) – philologist Urban Jarnik (1784–1844) – ethnographer Martin Kušej (born 1961) – theatre and opera director Cvetka Lipuš (born 1966) – poet Florjan Lipuš (born 1937) – writer and translator Matija Majar (1809–1892) – priest, philologist, ethnographer and political activist, author of the United Slovenia program Angelika Mlinar (born 1970) – MEP Vinko Ošlak (born 1947) – essayist Wolfgang Petritsch (born 1947) – diplomat, former High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina Hubert Petschnigg (1913–1997) – architect Angela Piskernik (1886–1967) – botanist and conservationist Gregorij Rožman (1883–1959) – Bishop of Ljubljana Josef Stefan (1835–1893) – mathematician and physicist Rudi Vouk (born 1965) – lawyer, political activist Peter Wrolich (born 1974) – racing cyclist Notable personalities of partial Slovene ethnicity/ancestry from Carinthia Bogo Grafenauer – Slovenian historian (1915–1995; both parents Slovenes) Peter Handke – writer, Nobel laureate in literature (born 1942; mother Slovene committed suicide in 1971) Ciril Kotnik – Yugoslav diplomat, antifascist hero (1895–1948; both parents Slovene) Julius Kugy – Italo-Slovenian alpinist and writer (1858–1944; father Slovene) Ursula Plassnik – Austrian foreign minister (born 1956; grandfather Slovene) Kurt Schuschnigg – Austrian chancellor (1897–1977; grandfather Slovene) Walter Veltroni – Mayor of Rome (born 1955; great-grandfather Slovene) Fran Zwitter – Slovenian historian (1905–1988; both parents Slovene) See also Carantanians Slovene Lands Demographics of Austria Burgenland Croats Kärntner Heimatdienst Jörg Haider Duke's Chair Black panther (symbol) Sources Amt der Kärntner Landesregierung – Volksgruppenbüro (Hrsg.), Die Kärntner Slowenen, 2003 Heinz Dieter Pohl, Die ethnisch-sprachlichen Voraussetzungen der Volksabstimmung Bratt Paulston and D. Peckham (eds.) ‘‘Linguistic Minorities in Central and Eastern Europe’’, 1998, p. 32 ff., Clevedon (UK), Multilingual Matters, . Bericht des Österreichischen Volksgruppenzentrums zur Durchführung des Europäischen Rahmenübereinkommens zum Schutz nationaler Minderheiten in der Republik Österreich Teil II (Accessed on 3 August 2006) Volksgruppenarchiv des ORF Kärnten (Accessed on 3 August 2006) Literature Andreas Moritsch (Hrsg.): ‘‘Kärntner Slovenen/Koroški Slovenci 1900-2000’’ Hermagoras/Mohorjeva, Klagenfurt 2003 Albert F. Reiterer: ‘‘Kärntner Slowenen: Minderheit oder Elite? Neuere Tendenzen der ethnischen Arbeitsteilung.’’ Drava Verlag/Založba Drava, Klagenfurt 1996, Johann Strutz: Profile der neuen slowenischen Literatur in Kärnten, by Hermagoras Verlag, Klagenfurt, 1998, Arno Tausch (1978) 'Nicht nur der Artikel 7' Mladje-Literatura in Kritika, 29: 58–90 External links Politics Volksgruppenbüros des Landes Kärnten Kärntner Einheitsliste Rat der Kärntner Slowenen Zentralverband slowenischer Organisationen Interview with the former chairman of the Rat der Kärntner Slowenen, Bernhard Sadovnik Culture and history Dokumentation des ORF Kärnten über die Kärntner Slowenen von 1945 bis heute (.wmv – 15 minutes) Slawisches Österreich – Geschichte und Gegenwart der Minderheiten, Die Slowenen in Kärnten (pdf) Broschüre über die Geschichte und aktuelle Lage der Kärntner Slowenen (pdf) Die Lyrik der Kärntner Slowenen im zwanzigsten Jahrhundert – von Janko Ferk Notes Carinthia (state) Ethnic groups in Austria Slovenian diaspora
21682377	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann%20Lieb	Hermann Lieb	Hermann Lieb (also known as Herman Lieb; May 24, 1826 – March 5, 1908) was a Swiss immigrant to the United States who served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. He is best remembered as the commander of the Union forces at the Battle of Milliken's Bend in 1863. Early life Lieb was born in 1826 in Ermatingen, Switzerland, to Sigmund Friedrich Lieb and Christine Vasmer, and was educated in Zürich, Vevey and France. In 1846 he settled in Paris as a merchant, where he fought with the Republicans in the French Revolution of 1848. Lieb emigrated to the United States and settled in 1856 in Decatur, Illinois, where he began practicing law. He also worked as editor of the Chicago Democrat. American Civil War At the outbreak of the war, he enlisted for ninety days as a private in Company B of the 8th Illinois Infantry. Upon reorganization of the regiment as a three-year unit in July 1861, Lieb was elected captain and the following year was promoted to major. He fought at the battles of Fort Donelson, Shiloh and the siege of Corinth. On April 14, 1863 he was appointed colonel of the 9th Louisiana Regiment of African Descent. During the Vicksburg campaign Lieb commanded the post of Milliken's Bend along the Mississippi River. Here, on June 7, 1863, Lieb defeated Confederate forces under General Henry E. McCulloch and was wounded during the fighting. On August 7 his unit was converted into an artillery unit which eventually became the 5th U.S. Colored Heavy Artillery. With his regiment he performed garrison duty in the Vicksburg area for the remainder of 1863. On May 6, 1864, he was given command of the artillery forces of the Post of Vicksburg. On March 13, 1865 Lieb was promoted to brevet brigadier general of U.S. Volunteers and was mustered out of the volunteer service on March 20, 1866. After the War Lieb returned to Illinois where he worked as a newspaper editor, postal worker and author. He died in 1908. References Eicher, John H., & Eicher, David J., Civil War High Commands, Stanford University Press, 2001, . Five Generals from Decatur Vicksburg NMP: Battle of Milliken's Bend Notes External links 1826 births 1908 deaths People from Kreuzlingen District People of the Revolutions of 1848 Swiss emigrants to the United States Union Army colonels People of Illinois in the American Civil War Illinois lawyers People from Decatur, Illinois
48168692	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberbully%20%28disambiguation%29	Cyberbully (disambiguation)	A cyberbully is a person who engages in cyberbullying. Cyberbully may also refer to: Cyberbully (2011 film), an American television film Cyberbully (2015 film), a British television film
649743	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental%20representation	Fundamental representation	In representation theory of Lie groups and Lie algebras, a fundamental representation is an irreducible finite-dimensional representation of a semisimple Lie group or Lie algebra whose highest weight is a fundamental weight. For example, the defining module of a classical Lie group is a fundamental representation. Any finite-dimensional irreducible representation of a semisimple Lie group or Lie algebra can be constructed from the fundamental representations by a procedure due to Élie Cartan. Thus in a certain sense, the fundamental representations are the elementary building blocks for arbitrary finite-dimensional representations. Examples In the case of the general linear group, all fundamental representations are exterior products of the defining module. In the case of the special unitary group SU(n), the n − 1 fundamental representations are the wedge products consisting of the alternating tensors, for k = 1, 2, ..., n − 1. The spin representation of the twofold cover of an odd orthogonal group, the odd spin group, and the two half-spin representations of the twofold cover of an even orthogonal group, the even spinor group, are fundamental representations that cannot be realized in the space of tensors. The adjoint representation of the simple Lie group of type E8 is a fundamental representation. Explanation The irreducible representations of a simply-connected compact Lie group are indexed by their highest weights. These weights are the lattice points in an orthant Q+ in the weight lattice of the Lie group consisting of the dominant integral weights. It can be proved that there exists a set of fundamental weights, indexed by the vertices of the Dynkin diagram, such that any dominant integral weight is a non-negative integer linear combinations of the fundamental weights. The corresponding irreducible representations are the fundamental representations of the Lie group. From the expansion of a dominant weight in terms of the fundamental weights one can take a corresponding tensor product of the fundamental representations and extract one copy of the irreducible representation corresponding to that dominant weight. Other uses Outside of Lie theory, the term fundamental representation is sometimes loosely used to refer to a smallest-dimensional faithful representation, though this is also often called the standard or defining representation (a term referring more to the history, rather than having a well-defined mathematical meaning). References . Specific Lie groups Representation theory
42028280	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandra%20Johnes	Alexandra Johnes	Alexandra Johnes (born December 3, 1976) is an American documentary film producer and former actress. As a producer, Johnes is known for films including The Square, Gonzo: The Life and Work of Dr. Hunter S. Thompson, and Doubletime. She has worked as a Producer with various directors, including Alex Gibney, Eugene Jarecki and Jehane Noujaim. In 2013, Johnes received a Primetime Emmy Award for producing Mea Maxima Culpa: Silence in the House of God. During her acting career, Johnes' film credits include starring roles as the Childlike Empress in The NeverEnding Story II: The Next Chapter, and Phoebe in Zelly and Me, alongside Isabella Rossellini and David Lynch, as well as guest appearances on Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Sabrina, the Teenage Witch. Biography Johnes graduated with a BFA from the Tisch School of the Arts at New York University (NYU). From 2007 through 2012, Johnes ran Jigsaw Productions for Academy Award-winning director Alex Gibney, managing aspects of development and production. In 2012, Johnes received a Transatlantic Partnership (TAP) Producing Fellowship from the Independent Filmmaker Project. Johnes leads the production company Special Projects. Johnes' sister Stephanie also works in film. Stephanie directed and filmed the 2007 documentary Doubletime, on which Alexandra worked as a producer. Filmography Producer Actor Awards and nominations References External links "Dov Charney’s American Dream", 2017 Gerald Loeb Award winner for Audio Living people American film producers American child actresses Tisch School of the Arts alumni Place of birth missing (living people) American women film producers Gerald Loeb Award winners for Audio and Video 1976 births
43852296	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemapogon%20echinata	Nemapogon echinata	Nemapogon echinata is a moth of the family Tineidae. It is found in the Russian Far East (Primorskij kraj). References Moths described in 2000 Nemapogoninae
52563051	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To%20Better%20Days%20%28film%29	To Better Days (film)	To Better Days () is a 2012 Turkish drama film directed by Hasan Tolga Pulat. Cast Uğur Polat as İzzet Nesrin Cavadzade as Anna Buğra Gülsoy as Cumali Feride Çetin as Figen Barış Atay as Ali References External links 2012 drama films 2012 films Turkish films Turkish drama films
2722715	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans%20von%20Berlepsch	Hans von Berlepsch	Count Hans Hermann Carl Ludwig von Berlepsch (29 July 1850 – 27 February 1915) was a German ornithologist. Berlepsch studied zoology at the University of Halle. He used his inherited wealth to sponsor bird collectors in South America, including Jan Kalinowski and Hermann von Ihering. His collection of 55,000 birds was sold to the Senckenberg Museum at Frankfurt on Main after his death. Species commemorating Berlepsch include Berlepsch's six-wired bird-of-paradise, and Berlepsch's tinamou. External links Biography (in German), Biography (in English), German ornithologists 1850 births 1915 deaths
1036613	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seaforth%20Dock	Seaforth Dock	Seaforth Dock (also known as the Royal Seaforth Dock) is a purpose-built dock and container terminal, on the River Mersey, England, at Seaforth, to the north of Liverpool. As part of the Port of Liverpool and Liverpool Freeport, it is operated by the Mersey Docks and Harbour Company. Situated at the northern end of the dock system, it is connected to Gladstone Dock to the south, which via its lock entrance provides maritime access to Seaforth Dock from the river. History Despite planning permission having been obtained almost sixty years previously, work commenced during the 1960s on Liverpool's largest dock facility. In part the work was intended to reconstruct or compensate for damage suffered during World War II. The dock was the largest built in the United Kingdom for some time, with of quay and a depth of and world's largest lock gates. Opened in 1971, the site consists of about , of which is water. Technological changes, such as containerization, caused the loss of numerous jobs on the docks. In the 21st century, the dock handles mainly containers, oils, timber, fruit and vegetables, grain and animal feed. The dock became a free port in 1984. A fruit and vegetable terminal opened at the dock in 2008. The terminal primarily received produce from Spain. However, this facility closed in 2013. Wind turbines In 1999, Peel Energy installed six Vestas V44-600 kW wind turbines along the river wall for a total nameplate capacity of 3.6MW. Rail connection Seaforth Dock is served by one rail line, the Canada Dock branch line. The Olive Mount rail chord at Edge Hill junction was re-opened early 2009 to increase the throughput of the service to Seaforth Dock, giving direct access for freight from the Port of Liverpool to the West Coast Main Line. In May 2016 it was announced that the line's final section into the dock estate would be upgraded to double track from single track to increase capacity to the port. Combined with improved signalling at Earlestown, the improvements will enable up to 48 trains a day to enter the port. Work on the line is expected to be completed by 2019. Liverpool2 Liverpool2 is a Post-Panamax container terminal extension which opened in November 2016 as an expansion to Seaforth dock. Gallery References Sources Further reading External links Peel Ports - Liverpool Liverpool docks Container terminals Wind farms in England
36534718	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eero%20Lohi	Eero Lohi	Eero Lohi (born 14 July 1927) is a Finnish modern pentathlete. He competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics. References 1927 births Possibly living people Finnish male modern pentathletes Olympic modern pentathletes of Finland Modern pentathletes at the 1960 Summer Olympics People from Ranua
5954184	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%20Haas%E2%80%93Van%20Alphen%20effect	De Haas–Van Alphen effect	The De Haas–Van Alphen effect, often abbreviated to DHVA, is a quantum mechanical effect in which the magnetic susceptibility of a pure metal crystal oscillates as the intensity of the magnetic field B is increased. It can be used to determine the Fermi surface of a material. Other quantities also oscillate, such as the electrical resistivity (Shubnikov–de Haas effect), specific heat, and sound attenuation and speed. It is named after Wander Johannes de Haas and his student Pieter M. van Alphen. The DHVA effect comes from the orbital motion of itinerant electrons in the material. An equivalent phenomenon at low magnetic fields is known as Landau diamagnetism. Description The differential magnetic susceptibility of a material is defined as where is the applied external magnetic field and the magnetization of the material. Such that , where is the vacuum permeability. For practical purposes, the applied and the measured field are approximately the same (if the material is not ferromagnetic). The oscillations of the differential susceptibility when plotted against , have a period (in teslas−1) that is inversely proportional to the area of the extremal orbit of the Fermi surface (m−2), in the direction of the applied field, that is , where is Planck constant and is the elementary charge. The existence of more than one extremal orbit leads to multiple periods becoming superimposed. A more precise formula, known as Lifshitz–Kosevich formula, can be obtained using semiclassical approximations. The modern formulation allows the experimental determination of the Fermi surface of a metal from measurements performed with different orientations of the magnetic field around the sample. History Experimentally it was discovered in 1930 by W.J. de Haas and P.M. van Alphen under careful study of the magnetization of a single crystal of bismuth. The magnetization oscillated as a function of the field. The inspiration for the experiment was the recently discovered Shubnikov–de Haas effect by Lev Shubnikov and De Haas, which showed oscillations of the electrical resistivity as function of a strong magnetic field. De Haas thought that the magnetoresistance should behave in an analogous way. The theoretical prediction of the phenomenon was formulated before the experiment, in the same year, by Lev Landau, but he discarded it as he thought that the magnetic fields necessary for its demonstration could not yet be created in a laboratory. The effect was described mathematically using Landau quantization of the electron energies in an applied magnetic field. A strong homogeneous magnetic field — typically several teslas — and a low temperature are required to cause a material to exhibit the DHVA effect. Later in life, in private discussion, David Shoenberg asked Landau why he thought that an experimental demonstration was not possible. He answered by saying that Pyotr Kapitsa, Shoenberg's advisor, had convinced him that such homogeneity in the field was impractical. After the 1950s, the DHVA effect gained wider relevance after Lars Onsager (1952), and independently, Ilya Lifshitz and Arnold Kosevich (1954), pointed out that the phenomenon could be used to image the Fermi surface of a metal. In 1954, Lifshitz and Aleksei Pogorelov determined the range of applicability of the theory and how described how to determine the shape of any arbitrary convex Fermi surface by measuring the extremal sections. Lifshitz and Pogorelov also found a relation between the temperature dependence of the oscillations and the cyclotron mass of an electron. By the 1970s the Fermi surface of most metallic elements had been reconstructed using De Haas–Van Alphen and Shubnikov–de Haas effects. Other techniques to study the Fermi surface have appeared since like the angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). References External links Magnetism
66914997	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suluba%C4%9F%2C%20Silvan	Sulubağ, Silvan	Sulubağ is a neighbourhood in the Silvan District of Diyarbakır Province in Turkey. References Villages in Silvan District
35871596	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy%20M%C3%B6rth	Tommy Mörth	Tommy Jan Mörth (born July 16, 1959) is an ice hockey player who played for the Swedish national team. He won a bronze medal at the 1984 Winter Olympics. Career statistics Regular season and playoffs International References 1959 births Living people Ice hockey players at the 1984 Winter Olympics Olympic bronze medalists for Sweden Olympic ice hockey players of Sweden Swedish ice hockey players Olympic medalists in ice hockey Medalists at the 1984 Winter Olympics Djurgårdens IF Hockey players
37819128	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament%20Square%2C%20Edinburgh	Parliament Square, Edinburgh	Parliament Square, Edinburgh, is located off the High Street, part of the Royal Mile. The square is not a formal square, but consists of two sections surrounding St Giles Kirk on three sides: an L-shaped area to the east and south and another area on the west side of the church called West Parliament Square. The Edinburgh Mercat Cross is located on the east side of the square while an equestrian statue of Charles II of Scotland stands in front of the entrance to the Supreme Courts of Scotland adjoining Parliament House, on the west side. The Queensberry Memorial to the 5th Duke of Buccleuch, stands in West Parliament Square. The square also includes a statue of James Braidwood, erected in 2008, who founded what is asserted to be the world's first municipal fire service, in Edinburgh, after the Great Fire of Edinburgh in 1824. History The square came into existence in 1632 as a forecourt to the Parliament House on the old graveyard of St Giles Kirk. Parliament House not only housed the pre-union Parliament of Scotland but also the Court of Session (the supreme civil court in Scotland). This made the square a centre for the meeting of politicians and lawyers before they entered the building, from the time of its creation until the dissolution of the Scottish parliament with the Act of Union in 1707. Another building adjacent to the square was the Old Tolbooth, which was "used variously as a meeting place for the Town Council, a tax office, law court and prison, it was finally torn down in 1817". It was from there in 1661 that those found guilty of high treason after the Restoration were taken to be executed next to the mercat cross. Henry Cockburn lamented the loss of the square's historical name, Parliament Close, a change he attributed to the silliness of fashion ("foppery") when he wrote his memoir of life in Edinburgh in the 1820s. Notes References Citations Sources Royal Mile Scottish parliamentary locations and buildings History of Edinburgh 17th century in Scotland 17th century in Edinburgh
1005689	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandyville	Sandyville	Sandyville may refer to: Sandyville, Iowa, United States Sandyville, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada Sandyville, Ohio, United States Sandyville, West Virginia, United States
59500054	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yenice%2C%20Midyat	Yenice, Midyat	Yenice () is a former Yazidi village located in the Midyat district of the Mardin Province in southeastern Turkey. The village is located ca. southeast of Midyat in the Tur Abdin region of southeastern Anatolia. Kherabya is located ca. southeast of the Yazidi village Taqa. References Villages in Midyat District Tur Abdin Yazidi villages in Turkey
18788585	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labola%20Koumoussanra	Labola Koumoussanra	Labola Koumoussanra is a village in the Tiéfora Department of Comoé Province in south-western Burkina Faso. The village has a population of 453. References Populated places in the Cascades Region Comoé Province
65666206	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963%20North%20Sumatra%20gubernatorial%20election	1963 North Sumatra gubernatorial election	The 1963 North Sumatra gubernatorial election was an indirect election held to elect the Governor of North Sumatra for the 1963–1968 term. All members of the Regional People's Representative Council of North Sumatra were eligible to vote for this election. Background Following the resignation of Raja Junjungan Lubis as the Governor of North Sumatra, Eny Karim was appointed by the Minister of Internal Affairs as the acting governor of North Sumatra. His main task was to held the elections for a new governor. Candidates There were several names were nominated for the candidate of the election, but only two names managed to become the candidate in the election. The first candidate, Abdul Munir Hamid, was supported by almost all of the political parties in the council, except the Indonesian Communist Party. Hamid a manager of several provincial owned companies, such as the Dirga Surya Hotel and the Puri Kayangan public company, which produces cooking oil and washing soap. Meanwhile, the second candidate, Ulung Sitepu, was supported by the Indonesian Communist Party. Sitepu was a military officer who served as the former chief of staff of the Bukit Barisan Military Regional Command. Election results Inauguration Although Abdul Munir Hamid won the election, the Minister of Internal Affairs inaugurated Ulung Sitepu instead. Sitepu was inaugurated as the Governor of North Sumatra on 15 July 1963. Aftermath Reaction The inauguration of Ulung Sitepu as the Governor of North Sumatra was protested by the supporters of Abdul Munir Hamid. Afterwards, clashes occurred between the supporters of Hamid and Sitepu. Trial of Hamid The conflict between Sitepu and Hamid lasted long after the election. Sitepu accused Hamid of corruption, and the communist masses — the main support base for Sitepu — demanded Hamid to be tried at the court. The chairman of the Medan District Court, Marthias, rejected the accusation, citing the lack of evidence. According to Effendi Nasution, a staunch anti-communist, the communist masses launched another demonstration, demanding Marthias to be fired from his office and Hamid to be hanged. Marthias was later replaced by Palti Raja Siregar, who tried Hamid and sentenced him to 12 years in prison. Hamid appealed his case, and in 1966, his sentence was reduced to 7 years. Raja Maimunah, the wife of Hamid, recalled that during the trial of Hamid, the communist masses threatened to destroy Hamid's house and the district court building if Munir was not sentenced. Maimunah also stated that Hamid's house was regularly guarded by soldiers due to this threat. An investigative team formed by the efforts of Hamid supporters began looking into the accusations. The team concluded that there was no corruption conducted by Hamid in the companies. Following the publication of the conclusions, Hamid appealed a review of his case to the Supreme Court of Indonesia in 1967, but his appeal was rejected. He appealed his case again on 16 March 1982, and the Supreme Court instructed the Medan District Court to investigate the issue on 13 August 1983. The district court stated that it could not investigate the issue due to the loss of documents relating to the case. References Notes Elections in North Sumatra
28480297	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otterburn%20Training%20Area	Otterburn Training Area	The Otterburn Army Training Estate (ATE) is a military training area near Otterburn, Northumberland, in northern England. It is owned by the UK's Ministry of Defence (MoD) and operated by Landmarc on contract from the MoD's Defence Infrastructure Organisation. The range is used for training up to 30,000 soldiers per year. The site was established in 1911 and covers about of the southern Cheviot Hills, 23% of the Northumberland National Park. The National Park was established in 1956, 45 years after establisment of the Artillery Range. Otterburn is the UK's largest firing range, and is in frequent use. The ranges are used by AS-90 artillery and M270 Multiple Launch Rocket Systems; Otterburn is the only place in the UK where the MLRS can be fired, requiring an 11 mile long via 2 mile wide firing range. Because of the danger posed by live fire exercises, recreational use of the area is restricted, although it is possible for the public to use some parts of the estate subject to the relevant bylaws. The MoD publishes a booklet, Walks on Ministry of Defence Lands, which offers advice on this. Gallery References External links DTE Otterburn - Public information leaflet, Defence Estates, Ministry of Defence Otterburn firing times, Defence Infrastructure Organisation, Ministry of Defence Bombing ranges Cheviot Hills Geography of Northumberland Otterburn, Northumberland Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Northumberland Training establishments of the British Army Military training areas in the United Kingdom
44113750	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harald%20J%C3%A4ger	Harald Jäger	Harald Jäger (born 27 April 1943) is a former East German Passport Control Unit (PKE), lieutenant colonel who was in charge of the passport control unit. On 9 November 1989, he disobeyed orders and opened the Bornholmer Straße border crossing of the Berlin Wall. Biography Early life and education Jäger grew up in Bautzen, and was educated in the manufacture of stoves. In 1961, he volunteered with the border police (who later became troops of the Nationale Volksarmee). Three years later, he entered service with the Stasi. Between 1976 and 1979, he attended the University of the Ministry of State Security in Potsdam. His final thesis to graduate before attaining the rank of major in 1981 was titled "The education of specialist forces, security and counter-terrorism in the border customs offices of the Customs Administration of the GDR as a prerequisite for targeted and differentiated inclusion of the members of the customs administration of the GDR in the system of counter-terrorism at the border crossing points of the GDR." Opening of the Wall Jäger later said that for him, the Wall had partially lost its meaning after Hungary had opened its border to Austria in September 1989—making it possible to circumvent the Berlin Wall—and he expected further changes. On 9 November, he was eating a sandwich in the break room for border crossing guards when Günter Schabowski delivered a speech on the impending passport changes for the republic's citizens. On hearing this speech, he almost choked on his sandwich. On the same day, Major Manfred Sens had informed the guards as usual to "capture or destroy trespassers" ("Grenzverletzer festzunehmen bzw. zu vernichten). Jäger called his superior Rudi Ziegenhorn and other border crossing officers along the Wall, who told him to turn people away from the Bornholmer Straße border crossing, but allow through the "provocateurs"—but without telling them that they could never return. After realizing that keeping the gate closed could imperil the lives of people in the crowd and his own officers, he ordered the border open at 11:30 pm. The claim that he was the first to open the Wall was questioned in 2009 when Heinz Schäfer, a former Stasi colonel, claimed that he had opened his crossing at Waltersdorf in the south of the city a few hours earlier, which would explain the supposed presence of East Berliners in the area before Jäger opened his gate. Later life Following the fall of the Wall, he was unemployed. In 1997, he was able to save up enough to open a newspaper shop in Berlin with his wife. He has since written a book about his experience called The Man Who Opened the Berlin Wall. References 1943 births Stasi officers People from Bautzen Berlin Wall Living people 1989 in Berlin
51641635	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaczorowo%20railway%20station	Kaczorowo railway station	Kaczorowo railway station is a railway station in Kaczorowy, Płońsk, Masovian, Poland. It is served by Koleje Mazowieckie. References Station article at kolej.one.pl Railway stations in Warsaw
25257047	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%20Tuvaluan%20general%20election	2010 Tuvaluan general election	A parliamentary election was held in Tuvalu on 16 September 2010. Voters elected fifteen members of the Parliament to a four-year term. All candidates were independents, as there are no political parties in the country. Ten out of the fifteen incumbent members were re-elected. The remaining five incumbents, including Deputy Prime Minister Tavau Teii, did not retain their seats. The incumbent Prime Minister, Apisai Ielemia, retained his seat in Vaitupu constituency. On 29 September, Maatia Toafa from Nanumea won eight of the fifteen votes to become Prime Minister. However, on 24 December 2010, after a motion of no confidence, carried by eight votes to seven, Maatia Toafa was replaced by Willy Telavi as Prime Minister of Tuvalu. Willy Telavi retained a bare majority through the term of his ministry until by-elections were won by candidates that supported the opposition. Willy Telavi attempted to avoid facing a vote of the parliament until he was forced to call parliament following the intervention of the governor-general. On 2 August 2013 Willy Tevali faced a motion of no confidence in the parliament: the voting was eight for the motion, four against. On 4 August the parliament elected Enele Sopoaga as Prime Minister. Background Parliament was dissolved on 13 August 2010, and registration began on 28 August. There are no political parties in Tuvalu, so all candidates are non-partisan. Twenty-six candidates, including all sitting Members of Parliament, stood for the fifteen seats in Parliament. Tuvalu has "about 6,000 eligible voters" – a little over half the country's population. Many candidates focused on climate change issues including Enele Sopoaga, a former Tuvalu Ambassador to the United Nations and Tuvalu's representative at the UN Climate Change Conference held in Copenhagen in 2009. Sopoaga stood for election in the Nukufetau constituency, and is reportedly considered a "national hero" for his diplomatic work at the Copenhagen Summit on climate change in December 2009. Enele Sopoaga was elected by the voters of Nukufetau. Controversy Prime Minister Apisai Ielemia and Communications Minister Taukelina Finikaso, who are relatives, stood for election in the same Vaitupu constituency in the 2010 election. (The top two vote earners in Vaitupu are elected to parliament). Finikaso filed a complaint against Ielemia prior to the election, accusing the Prime Minister of distributing voter registration forms before the official registration date. Results There were 6,008 registered voters in the election, and voter turnout was reportedly strong. Voting began at 8 a.m. and closed at 4 p.m. before counting commenced at the country's twelve polling stations. Prime Minister Ielemia retained his seat to win re-election from his Vaitupu constituency. Ielemia's re-election prospects had been thought to be tenuous before the election. In total, ten MPs were re-elected, including Speaker Kamuta Latasi, while five incumbent MPs – including deputy Prime Minister Tavau Teii – lost their seats. The announcement that ten sitting MPs had been re-elected was made by Speaker Kamuta Latasi the following day. Formation of new government Speaker Latasi originally announced that all fifteen MPs will meet the following week to form a new government. However, the election of a new Prime Minister was not be held until 29 September 2010. Incumbent Apisai Ielemia, who became caretaker prime minister after the election, hoped to form a new government, though he ultimately did not have the support in the new parliament. Enele Sopoaga was reported as being a possible challenger for the premiership. A secret ballot to determine the next prime minister was held on 29 September 2010. Maatia Toafa, who had served as Prime Minister from 2004 to 2006 and the Leader of the Opposition from 2006 to 2010, won the ballot to become Tuvalu's next prime minister with five new members and three members of the previous government. Toafa narrowly defeated Kausea Natano, who received seven votes in the ballot. Toafa took office on the day of his election and named his Cabinet almost immediately. He included a number of first time MPs who had supported his bid for the premiership – including Enele Sopoaga, who became Minister for Foreign Affairs. Isaia Taeia Italeli, the younger brother of Governor General Iakopa Taeia Italeli, became the speaker of parliament. However, on 15 December 2010, Prime Minister Maatia Toafa's government was ousted in a motion of no confidence, which followed Willie Telavi withdrawing his support for the government. On 25 December 2010 Willy Telavi was elected prime minister with an (8:7) majority over Enele Sopoaga. Kamuta Latasi, was appointed Speaker. Subsequent by-elections & change of government in 2013 Minister of Works Isaia Italeli died suddenly in July 2011, which led to the 2011 Nui by-election in the following month. The election was won by his widow, Pelenike Isaia, who became only the second woman ever to have sat in the Tuvaluan Parliament. The by-election was described as "pivotal", as Italeli's death had deprived Prime Minister Willy Telavi of his government's one seat majority in Parliament. Pelenike Isaia's election restored the one seat majority, of the government of Willy Telavi. Lotoala Metia, the MP for Nukufetau and Minister of Finance, died on 21 December 2012. The 2013 Nukufetau by-election was held on 28 June. The Nukufetau by-election was won by the opposition candidate Elisala Pita. A constitutional crisis developed when Prime Minister Telavi responded that, under the Constitution, he was only required to convene Parliament once a year, and was thus under no obligation to summon it until December 2013. Tuvalu's opposition then requested the Governor-General Iakoba Italeli to intervene against the Prime Minister's decision. On 3 July, Italeli exercised his reserve powers in ordering Parliament to convene, against the Prime Minister's wishes, on 30 July. The Governor-General, Iakoba Italeli, then proceeded to exercise his reserve powers to order Telavi to stand down as prime minister and appointed Enele Sopoaga as interim prime minister. The Governor-General also ordered that parliament sit on Friday 2 August to allow a vote of no-confidence in Telavi and his government. On 2 August 2013 Willy Tevali faced a motion of no confidence in the parliament: the voting was eight for the motion, four against and one abstention. On 4 August the parliament elected Enele Sopoaga as Prime Minister. Sopoaga gained further support in the parliament following the 2013 Nui by-election, and the 2014 Nanumaga by-election. Willy Telavi resigned from parliament in August 2014. The result of the 2014 Nanumea by-election provided further support for the government of Enele Sopoaga. A general election was set down for 19 March 2015. Members of Parliament immediately prior to the 2015 general election References External links Tuvalu News: Tuvalu Election Results Elections in Tuvalu Tuvalu General election Non-partisan elections Election and referendum articles with incomplete results
47801906	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital%20Impact%20Awards%20Africa	Digital Impact Awards Africa	Digital Impact Awards Africa (DIAA) is a platform that promotes Digital inclusion, financial inclusion and Cybersecurity under the theme Maximizing the Digital Dividend. The Awards seek to recognize and appreciate different organizations that are spearheading the use of digital media in this respect. Digital Impact Awards Africa is organized by HiPipo Eligibility To be considered, nominees must have substantially contributed to digital space in Africa. Entries should be offering innovative, useful or engaging digital (web, mobile, social media) content, applications, services or utilities including digital financial services with good cybersecurity practices. Nominees may be of companies (Corporate/SMEs), nonprofit organizations, digital applications, projects, platforms and promotions. The scope of eligible organisations excludes media houses. The project covers 3 main domains: Digital Inclusion, Financial Inclusion and Cybersecurity. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the United Nations specialized agency for Information and Communication Technologies- ICTs; listed Digital Impact Awards Africa among the ICT projects and events that celebrated ITU's 150th Anniversary ITU Listing. Jury and Research Panel voting Submission for nomination is evaluated and decided by the Research Panel whereas final awards winners are decided by the Jury Panel and Public Vote. The Awards Jury and Research Panel comprise people with extensive knowledge and experience in ICT roles such as entrepreneurs, innovators, academic, consultants, policy makers and thought-leaders. Award winners The winners of the 2nd Digital Impact Awards Africa were: Best Payments/Transfers Service: Payway Best Online/Mobile Banking Service: Standard Chartered Bank (Uganda) Best Mobile Money Service: MTN Mobile Money Best Government Agency on Social Media: National Water and Sewerage Corporation (NWSC) Best Corporate Brand on Social Media: MTN Uganda Most Promising Social Media Presence: Crown Beverages Limited (Pepsi, Mirinda, Mountain Dew) Best E-Commerce (Classifieds / Marketplace): Cheki Best E-Commerce (Store/Service): HelloFood Best E-Service: UMEME Best Mobile App: Kaymu Best Mobile App for Africa: Vodacom My App (South Africa) Best Digital Marketing Campaign: Aritel Trace Music Star Best Digital Customer Service: National Water and Sewerage Corporation (NWSC) COMMENDED New Website: PostBank Uganda Best Corporate Website: Standard Chartered Bank (Uganda) Best Cybersecurity Practice: Standard Chartered Bank (Uganda) Best Digital Inclusion Impact: Airtel Uganda COMMENDED Financial Inclusion Impact: Pride MicroFinance Ltd Best Financial Inclusion Impact: Centenary Bank Uganda Digital Brand of the Year MTN Uganda Award Winners 2016 Africa Medal of Honor Africa's Financial Inclusion Medal of Honor Mr. Michael Joseph Dr. Nick Hughes Ms. Susie Lonie Africa's Digital Inclusion Medal of Honor: Mr. Ren Zhengfei AWARD of Excellence Digital Brand of the year – MTN Best Digital Bank for Africa - Standard Chartered Bank Best Mobile Financial Service for Africa - Safaricom/Vodafone M-Pesa Best Mobile Financial Service Platform for Africa - Mahindra Comviva Mobiquity Best Digital Remittances Service for Africa – Money Gram Best Digital Payments Service For Africa – Payway Best Cybersecurity Practice by Bank in Africa - First National Bank Best Smartphone Brand for Africa – Huawei Best Mobile App Innovation for Africa - My Vodacom App Best E-Commerce Service for Africa – Jumia Best Connectivity Initiative for Africa - Google Project Link (Wi-Fi with Roke Telecom) Best Pay TV Service for Africa – DSTV Best Digital Marketing Campaign for Africa - Coke Studio Africa COMMENDATIONS Transformative Mobile Banking Platform for Africa - RedCloud One Platform Interoperable Digital Payment Enablement for Africa – InterSwitch Award Winners 2016 Uganda AWARD of Excellence Best Brand on Social Media - Centenary Bank Best Corporate Website - Stanbic Bank – Uganda Best Cybersecurity Practice by Corporate - Standard Chartered Bank Best Digital Customer Service – NWSC Best E-Service - Umeme (E-Pay Yaka and Mobile App) Best Financial Inclusion Initiative - Airtel Weza Best Government Agency on Social Media – KCCA Best Mobile App - MyMTN App Best Mobile Banking - Centenary Bank Best Mobile Financial Service - MTN Mobile Money Best Online Banking - Standard Chartered Bank Most Promising Social Media Embrace - Stanbic Bank Certificate of Commendation; Use of Digital for Travel - Modern Coast Express Use of Digital for Engineering & Manufacturing - Movit Products Limited Use of Digital for Foods & Beverage - Hariss International (Riham, Rockboom) Use of Digital for Energy - Total Uganda Limited Use of Digital for Agriculture & Agro Processing - Jesa Farm Dairy Limited Use of Digital for Insurance – UAP Use of Digital for Healthcare - Vine Pharmaceuticals Ltd Use of Digital for Real Estate & Construction - National Housing and Construction Company Use of Digital for Retail & Distribution - Footsteps Furniture Use of Digital for Hospitality - Kampala Serena Hotel Use of Digital for Technology - Yo Dime Use of Digital for Education – UTAMU Use of Digital for Tourism - Great Lakes Safari Limited Use of Digital for Finance and Credit - Mercantile Credit Bank Cybersecurity Practice by Government Institution – Bank of Uganda Championing Digital in Creative Arts Industry – Mr. Moses Ssali See also Africa Digital Awards References African music awards
23430480	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaikom%20Chandrasekharan%20Nair	Vaikom Chandrasekharan Nair	Vaikom Chandrasekharan Nair (; 1920 – 12 April 2005), popularly known as Vaikom (), was an Indian writer and journalist who wrote primarily in Malayalam. He was born in Vaikom, a village in Kottayam district of Kerala. Career He started writing early in his life and became an activist of the communist party during his college days. Though by career he was a journalist, Vaikkom was a multi-faceted person – a poet, playwright, novelist, actor, orator, singer, artist, and activist. He has been the editor of various magazines such as Janayugam, Malayala Manorama, Kerala Bhooshanam, Kaumudi, Pouraprabha, Kunkumam, Chithrakarthika, Kumari, and Keralam. Some of his famous novels like Nakhangal, Panchavankadu and Madhavikkutty have been turned into movies. The play Jathugriham was given the Kerala Sahithya Academy award in 1980. He was chairman of Kerala Sangeetha Nadaka Academy from 1978 to '81. In 1999 he was given the Kerala Sahithya Academy Award for lifetime contribution. Vaikkom has written more than 60 books Major works Kuttavum Shikshayum Alohari Thanneerpanthal Mississ Mayavathy Nakhangal Panchavankadu Madhavikkutty Smrithikavyam Ashramam Mamanka rathri Jathugriham (Play) Anubhavangale Nandi (Autobiography) Gothradaham (Novel) Kayeente Vamsham Swathi Thirunal References Indian communists Malayali people People from Vaikom Malayalam-language writers 1920 births Year of death missing Recipients of the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award Malayalam-language dramatists and playwrights Indian male dramatists and playwrights 20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights Indian Communist writers Indian autobiographers 20th-century Indian biographers Dramatists and playwrights from Kerala Novelists from Kerala
28028774	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reparation%20order	Reparation order	A Reparation Order (aka Community reparation order) is a remedy available in UK courts for any juvenile (10 to 17 years old) who has been convicted of an offence. It has a two-fold aim: "to take into account the feelings and wishes of the victims of crime; to prevent the young offender from committing further offences by confronting them with the consequences of their criminal behaviour, and allowing them to make some amends." References Sentencing (law)
2838056	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlubok%C3%A1	Hluboká	Hluboká () is a name of several locations in the Czech Republic: Hluboká nad Vltavou, town in South Bohemian Region (České Budějovice District) Hluboká Castle, the castle in Hluboká nad Vltavou Hluboká (Chrudim District), a village in Pardubice Region
3246610	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Wotton	Paul Wotton	Paul Anthony Wotton (born 17 August 1977) is an English former professional footballer who is the manager of Truro City. Having begun his career with his home-town side, Wotton went on to become the club's most successful captain as they won two Football League titles in three seasons. By the time he left Plymouth in 2008, Wotton had broken into the top ten of the club's all-time appearance list – playing in more than 400 matches – and won their Player of the Year award twice. A year later, he was inducted into the club's Hall of Fame. Wotton went on to spend three seasons with Southampton, with whom he won the Football League Trophy at Wembley Stadium during the 2009–10 season. Towards the end of his time with the club, he was loaned out to Oxford United and Yeovil Town before joining the latter permanently. A year later, Wotton returned to Plymouth Argyle. He was appointed player-coach at Argyle at the end of the 2013–14 season and formally retired from playing the following year. Renowned for his leadership and powerful shot, Wotton played at both centre half and defensive midfield and was considered a specialist at set pieces. Wotton also got recognised as for all but one of his seasons at Plymouth, he had worn the no.15 shirt. "It was my first squad number. I came in for pre-season while I was in a contract dispute with the club. I was raging. I thought, me being me, if you weren't (numbers) 1–11, you weren't fancied. I was really disappointed because I was a regular in the team. When I came back and things went really well, I just stayed (number) 15." Playing career Plymouth Argyle Wotton was born in Plymouth, Devon, and started his playing career with his hometown club. His first season for Plymouth Argyle was also his first as a professional, under Steve McCall in 1994–95. After Argyle were relegated from the Second Division at the end of the 1997–98 season following defeat at Burnley he famously vowed that he would be part of the side that won promotion, and captained the side to the title with a record 102 points in 2001–02 whilst being named in the PFA Division Three team of the year. Two seasons later he again lifted some silverware, this time the Division Two championship. He was named the player of the season for Argyle for the following 2004–05 season, in which the team finished 17th. He appeared in the famous Jimmy Glass game against Carlisle, in which the goalkeeper scored in the 94th minute to keep Carlisle United in the Football League. Wotton could be described as a solid and mature defender with a ferocious shot taking ability that resulted in him taking the majority of free-kicks and penalties during his first spell at Argyle. Playing at centre back during Argyle's Third and Second Division championship winning seasons, his slight lack of pace meant that in the Championship he usually played holding midfield role in front of the defence. He was the top-scorer in 2004–05 with 12 league goals, an excellent return for a non-striker, and again in 2005–06 with 8 goals. In the summer of 2006, he was involved in an incident with young striker Chris Zebroski during a pre-season tour of Austria, which required Wotton to have more than a hundred stitches in his head. Zebroski was sacked less than a month later, having been found guilty of gross misconduct. In the Championship match against Hull City on 9 December 2006 he damaged his cruciate and medial ligaments to his left knee and missed the rest of the 2006–07 Championship season. He returned from injury in time for Paul Sturrock's return to the club as manager, and after making a handful of substitute appearances he returned to the side for his first start in 15 months in the 2–1 win at Bristol City on 15 March 2008. He later went on to score a penalty in his final ever game for Plymouth against Preston North End, shortly before being released. His autobiography, My Journey: The First Ten Years, was published in 2004. Southampton In June 2008, Wotton was released by Plymouth. On 18 June he joined Southampton. In his first start he came up against former club Plymouth's archrivals, Exeter City, in the first round of a League Cup match that Southampton comfortably won 3–1. In March of the 2009-10 season, Wotton got his first taste of silverware away from Argyle, when he played in central midfield for 85 minutes of the 2010 Football League Trophy Final, winning 4–1 against Carlisle United. On 8 November 2010, he joined Oxford United until the end of December on an emergency loan. On 31 December 2010, Wotton joined Yeovil Town on a one-month loan. Yeovil Town On 1 January 2011, Wotton made his debut for Yeovil away in a 0–0 draw to his old side Plymouth, for whom he played for 13 years clocking up nearly 400 appearances, and he received a standing ovation from the Argyle fans when his name was called out on the PA system. He played the full 90 minutes as the two sides played out a 0–0 draw. On 28 January 2011, Wotton's contract with Southampton was terminated "by mutual consent", and he made a permanent move to Huish Park on an 18-month contract. He scored his first Yeovil goal in the 2–1 win away to Brentford; a characteristic free kick from 25 yards out. On 12 January 2012, his contract was cancelled by mutual consent. Return to Argyle Wotton rejoined Plymouth Argyle later that day, three and a half years after being released when the club were in the Championship. He signed an 18-month contract. "Paul has got a lot of experience, has a good knowledge of the game, he's determined and has a real will to win. We are pleased to have him on board," said manager Carl Fletcher. "When I spoke to Paul about coming back he made it clear he would have walked here on broken glass." Wotton made a winning return to the Argyle side as they defeated Burton Albion 2–1 at Home Park on 14 January. At the end of the 2013–14 season, Wotton signed a new one-year contract to become a player-coach at Home Park replacing Gary Owers who had left the club. Wotton at this point was Argyle's second highest appearance maker on 491 games, but still some way behind Kevin Hodges. Wotton formally retired from playing on 15 May 2015, having not played for the entirety of the 2014-15 season. Wotton's last competitive game for the club was in a 3–3 draw with Portsmouth, on the final day of the 2013-14 season. Coaching career New Argyle manager Derek Adams kept Wotton on as first-team coach at Argyle for the 2015-16 season, with Adams stating that he needed someone on board who knew the club. Wotton became a main-stay as a staff member under Adams, and for the 2017-18 season took on management duties for Argyle's Central League South team. On 8 May 2018, it was announced that Wotton would step up to the role of assistant manager for the 2018–19 season, following the departure of Craig Brewster. On 28 April 2019, Wotton and Adams were both sacked by Argyle with the club in the League One relegation zone with one game left of the season, following a 5–1 defeat at Accrington Stanley. Wotton's dismissal came hours after he completed the London Marathon. On 4 July 2019, it was announced that Wotton had agreed to become the manager of Truro City of the Southern League Premier Division South. Career statistics Honours Plymouth Argyle Football League Third Division: 2001–02 Football League Second Division: 2003–04 Southampton Football League Trophy: 2009–10 Individual PFA Third Division Team of the Year: 2001–02 Plymouth Argyle Player of the Season: 2002–03 Plymouth Argyle Player of the Season: 2004–05 References External links 1977 births Sportspeople from Plymouth Living people English footballers Association football defenders Association football midfielders Plymouth Argyle F.C. players Southampton F.C. players Oxford United F.C. players Yeovil Town F.C. players English Football League players Plymouth Argyle F.C. non-playing staff Truro City F.C. managers English football managers
23603505	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukkadam	Ukkadam	Ukkadam is a part of Townhall locality in the core part of the city of Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India. Ukkadam bus station, which is one of the seven major bus stands in the city, is located in this neighborhood. Ukkadam is famous for its Fish Market, Jackfruit Market. Transport Ukkadam Bus Terminus is located at Ukkadam serving the intracity bus services within the Coimbatore metropolitan area and intercity bus services to Pollachi, Palakkad, Palani, Valparai and Thrissur. Ukkadam Flyover To ease the traffic congestion in Ukkadam signal and Aathupalam, a overpass flyover is being constructed at a cost of ₹265 crore in Ukkadam covering Sungam Bypass, Perur Bypass, Pollachi Road and Palakkad Road. Politics Ukkadam is a part of Coimbatore South (state assembly constituency) and Coimbatore (Lok Sabha constituency). Coimbatore Metro Coimbatore Metro feasibility study is completed and Ukkadam would be the hub for the metro trains with a three corridors towards Kaniyur, Coimbatore Integrated Bus Terminus and Bilichi. Whereas the other two corridors would pass through Ukkadam connecting Ganeshapuram with Karunya Nagar and connecting Karanampettai with Thaneerpandal. Gallery References Neighbourhoods in Coimbatore
27966742	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koldam%C3%A4e	Koldamäe	Koldamäe is a village in Alutaguse Parish, Ida-Viru County in northeastern Estonia. References Villages in Ida-Viru County
57647336	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ing%20Off%20the%20Days	X-ing Off the Days	"X-ing Off the Days" is a song by English alternative rock band Queenadreena, released as their debut single from their album Taxidermy (1999). Release "X-ing Off the Days" was released as a CD single by Blanco y Negro records in 1999. Track listing Personnel Musicians KatieJane Garsidevocals Crispin Grayguitar Orson Wajihbass Billy Freedomdrums Technical Ken Thomasproduction, engineering References 2000 singles 2000 songs Queenadreena songs Blanco y Negro Records singles
2550712	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistolary	Epistolary	Epistolary means "in the form of a letter or letters", and may refer to: Epistolary (), a Christian liturgical book containing set readings for church services from the New Testament Epistles Epistolary novel Epistolary poem The adjectival form of epistle
10700567	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%26W	G&W	G&W may refer to: Game & Watch, handheld electronic games produced by Nintendo Genesee and Wyoming Railroad Genesee & Wyoming Grote & Weigel, American meat company Gulf+Western
40129310	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Calderwood%2C%20Lord%20Polton	William Calderwood, Lord Polton	Sir William Calderwood, Lord Polton (1660?–1733) was a Scottish lord of session. Life He was the son of Alexander Calderwood, baillie of Dalkeith, and was admitted advocate at the Scottish bar in July 1687. After the Glorious Revolution he was made deputy-sheriff of the county of Edinburgh, and some time before 1707 received the honour of knighthood. He was appointed to succeed Sir William Anstruther of Anstruther as an ordinary lord in 1711, under the title of Lord Polton. He was at the same time nominated a lord of justiciary. Calderwood died on 7 August 1733, in his seventy-third year. He is buried in the Old Kirkyard of Lasswade on the outer south side of the Dundas Vault. In 1723 Rev Robert Stark (1697-1766) began a period as chaplain to Calderwood's family prior to being ordained at Torryburn in 1725. Notes Attribution 1660 births 1733 deaths Members of the Faculty of Advocates Polton People from Dalkeith Scottish knights
24751935	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichfield%20District%20Council	Lichfield District Council	Lichfield District Council is a non metropolitan district council, which covers the district of Lichfield in Staffordshire, England. It was formed in 1974 from Lichfield City Council and Lichfield Rural District Council. The council offices are located at the District Council House on Frog Lane, in the centre of Lichfield. Since 2011, Lichfield has formed part of the Greater Birmingham & Solihull Local Enterprise Partnership along with neighbouring authorities Birmingham, Bromsgrove, Cannock Chase, East Staffordshire, Redditch, Solihull, Tamworth and Wyre Forest. Responsibilities Sport, leisure and recreation Parks Arts and tourism (including the Lichfield Garrick Theatre) Housing advice Housing and council tax benefits Local plans Planning and building control Environmental health Waste and recycling collections Street cleaning Licensing and inspections of food, taxis, etc. Off street parking and car parks Collection of council tax and business rates Community safety and community development Political control The council is majority Conservative controlled and the leader since 2019 has been Doug Pullen, who succeeded Mike Wilcox. Before May 2011, the second largest group was the Liberal Democrat and Independent Alliance set up after the 2007 elections. They were made up of Liberal Democrat and independent councillors. At the 2011 elections the Conservatives retained overall control. The Liberal Democrats and Independent councillors lost all of their 7 seats at the election. Of the 56 seats, the council is divided between Conservatives (46) and Labour (10). Wards Lichfield District’s 22 wards are: Lichfield City Boley Park, Chadsmead, Curborough Leomansley, St John’s, Stowe, Burntwood Boney Hay and Central, Chase Terrace, Chasetown, Highfield Summerfield and All Saints Outlying villages Alrewas and Fradley, Armitage with Handsacre, Bourne Vale, Colton and the Ridwares (including Mavesyn Ridware), Fazeley Hammerwich with Wall, Little Aston, and Stonnall Longdon Mease Valley Shenstone, Whittington and Streehay See also Lichfield District Council elections References External links Lichfield District Council Performance - Lichfield District Council Lichfield District Council on Openly Local Local government in Staffordshire Non-metropolitan district councils of England
13908615	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fazlullah%20%28militant%20leader%29	Fazlullah (militant leader)	Fazal Hayat (1974 – 14 June 2018), more commonly known by his pseudonym Maulana Fazlullah (), was an Islamist militant who was the leader of the Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi, and was the leader of the Tehreek-e-Taliban in Swat Valley. On 7 November 2013, he became the emir of the Tehrik-i-Taliban, and presided over the descent of the group into factions who are often at war with each other. Fazlullah was added to the U.S. State Department's Rewards for Justice wanted list on 7 March 2018. Fazlullah was killed in a U.S. drone strike in Afghanistan on 14 June 2018. Personal life Fazlullah was born Fazal Hayat in 1974 to Biladar Khan, a Pashtun of Babukarkhel clan of the Yusufzai tribe of the Swat District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. He married the daughter of Sufi Muhammad, the founder of Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi. It is rumoured that Fazlullah kidnapped Sufi Muhammmad's daughter as a student in Sufi Muhammad Madrassa. MSNBC, a news channel in the United States, obtained a photo of Fazlullah in January 2008. Militant activity Operations in Pakistan TNSM in Swat On 12 January 2002, Fazlullah became the leader of Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi (TNSM) due to the enforcement of a ban by Pervez Musharraf, former President of Pakistan. The ban led to the arrest and capture of Sufi Muhammad, which placed Fazlullah into the leadership role. Sufi Muhammad was freed in 2008 after he renounced violence. Fazlullah managed to restore the organization, bootstrapping on the relief efforts by Islamist extremist groups following the 8 October 2005-earthquake. New cadres then began moving into the Swat Valley. Alliance with Tehrik-e-Taliban In the aftermath of the 2007 siege of Lal Masjid, Fazlullah's forces and Baitullah Mehsud's Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) formed an alliance. Fazlullah and his army henceforth reportedly received orders from Mehsud. A temporary cease-fire from May to September 2007 allowed Fazlullah to consolidate his political forces in Swat. Parallel government With the support of more than 4,500 militants, by late October 2007 Fazlullah had established a "parallel government" in 59 villages in Swat Valley by starting Islamic courts to enforce sharia law. Reports of wounding On 10 July 2009, BBC reported that Fazlullah was near death after being critically wounded, corroborating statements made by senior government and security officials in Pakistan. This was a day after the army announced it had wounded the Taliban chief in the Swat valley. The Taliban have denied that Fazlullah was critically injured. The Pakistan army, however, refuted this claim and insisted that a man impersonated Fazlullah when he allegedly denied that he was critically injured. Madrassa Fazlullah developed a $US2.5 million madrassa with assistance from the Taliban which was used as his base of operations. It was funded by the JEI faction led by Maulana Sami-ul-haq. Operations from Afghanistan On 29 November 2007, Pakistani security forces captured Fazlullah's headquarters and arrested his brother. Fazlullah himself had already fled to another village. Security Forces have now retaken most of the Swat region. In 2007, Fazlullah was allegedly hiding in the Konar province in Afghanistan. On 26 January 2008, it was reported that Maulvi Abdul Raziq, a close aide of Fazlullah, was arrested in the Kot area of Charbagh. In November 2009, Fazlullah told the BBC's Urdu Service that he had escaped from Pakistan to Afghanistan and warned that he would continue to attack Pakistani forces in Swat. In October 2011, Maj Gen Athar Abbas complained to Reuters that Pakistan had urged Afghanistan and the US to take action against Fazlullah in response to cross-border raids in Dir, Bajaur and Mohmand from April 2011 to August 2011 but that no efforts had been made. Abbas elaborated, "Fazlullah and his group are trying to re-enter Swat through Dir." In June 2012, a TTP spokesman claimed that Fazlullah was leading attacks on Pakistan from Afghanistan's border provinces. Reuters indicated that he controlled a 20-km stretch of area in Nuristan province along the Pakistani border. On 3 December 2013, it was revealed to the media by TTP spokesperson that Fazlullah has crossed the Pak-Afghan border into Pakistan's tribal areas, he was expected to end the squabbling among the Taliban leadership relating to his appointment as new TTP Chief. Tehrik-e-Taliban leadership After the death of Hakimullah Mehsud in a drone attack, Fazlullah was appointed the new "Emir" (Chief) of the Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan on 7 November 2013. According to Ehsanullah Ehsan, the former spokesperson for TTP, Mullah Fazlullah became the leader via lucky draw. Army Public School attack in Peshawar On 16 December 2014, six militants reportedly dressed as Pakistani Army soldiers entered the school through the graveyard situated on the backside of school and killed around 141 people including 132 students and the principal. In reaction to this massacre, Pakistan intensified its ongoing operation Zarb-e-Azab against the militants. Some Pakistani officials claim that Fazlullah masterminded the attack and subsequently hid on the Afghan side of the Durand Line. He narrowly escaped a U.S. drone strike on 25 November 2014. Interpretation of Sharia Radio broadcasts Fazlullah started an illegal local FM channel in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa's Swat Valley in 2006. He preached forcing vice and virtue and had an anti-Western Jihadi stance. He was considered pro-Taliban and was a very powerful figure in the area. He considered most communication-based electronics as "major sources of spreading Jihad" and transmitted broadcasts of his sermons on an illegal local FM radio channel, hence the nickname "Radio Mullah" or "Maulana Radio". FM signals were relayed from mobile transmitters mounted on motorcycles and trucks. During nightly broadcasts, prohibited activities were routinely declared and violators' names announced for assassination, which often included beheading. Introduction of Sharia courts With Swat under Fazlullah's control he and his followers quickly moved to set up the Sharia Courts as primary judicial courts instead of when he was running them parallel to the Pakistani National Judicial Courts. Eradication of sins and the attacks on music shops He led a drive of eradicating vices such as music, dancing, and of what he calls "major sources of sin" such as TVs, CDs, computers and other video equipment by burning the electronics or the shops in which they are housed. Fazlullah threatened barbers who shaved their customers' beards and warned against girls attending schools. Anti-polio vaccination stance He opposed a polio vaccination drive in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa claiming that aid workers were seeking to proselytise in the region, as well as spy for foreign forces. In some sermons he had also considered it against Islamic norms. He considered Hepatitis C as a more important health issue than polio and questioned the West's intentions. The propaganda had hindered the drive immensely as the local people saw volunteers and workers for the World Health Organization vaccination program as a threat and in some cases the immunization teams were physically beaten. Opposition to women voting In 2001, many seats reserved for women in northern Pakistan went unfilled due in large part to the actions of the TNSM. In 2005, Fazlullah was quoted as saying: We have our tradition that bans women from taking part in the elections and violators will be punished. Opposition to female education A 21 January 2009 issue of the Pakistan daily newspaper The News, reported Taliban enforcement of a complete ban on female education in the Swat District. Some 400 private schools enrolling 40,000 girls were shut down. At least 10 girls' schools that tried to open after the 15 January 2009 deadline by the Fazlullah-led Taliban were blown up by the militants in the town of Mingora, the headquarters of the Swat District. "More than 170 schools have been bombed or torched, along with other government-owned buildings." On 9 October 2012, an assassin instructed by Fazlullah shot Malala Yousafzai. Although the attack was meant to kill Malala Yousafzai it made her a very respected and prominent leader. Death On 23 March 2015, Pakistani military forces and the Pakistani media reported that Fazlullah was killed on the border between Pakistan and Afghanistan. This claim was denied by the Tehrik-i-Taliban. On 14 June 2018, Fazlullah was killed in an American drone strike in Kunar Province, Afghanistan. The TTP confirmed his death and announced Mufti Noor Wali Mehsud alias Abu Mansoor Asim as their new leader. See also Hasba bill Abdul Rashid Ghazi Adnan Rashid References External links "Imam warns police against his arrest; FIR registered" 3 March 2007 NBC News obtains photograph of Fazlullah 1979 births 2018 deaths Pashtun people Pakistani radio personalities Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan members People from Swat District Pakistani expatriates in Afghanistan Pakistani Islamists Deaths by United States drone strikes in Afghanistan
19228635	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Molev	Alexander Molev	Alexander Ivanovich Molev () (born 1961) is a Russian-Australian mathematician. He completed his Ph.D. in 1986 under the supervision of Alexandre Kirillov at Moscow State University. He was awarded the Australian Mathematical Society Medal in 2001. Amongst other things, he has worked on Yangians and Lie algebras. He is currently a Professor in the School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney. Bibliography Alexander Molev, Yangians and classical Lie algebras, Mathematical Surveys and Monographs, 143. American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 2007. xviii+400 pp. Alexander Molev, Sugawara Operators for Classical Lie Algebras, Mathematical Surveys and Monographs, 229. American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 2018 304 pp. External links University home page The Molev Appreciation Society - A fan page created by his students Australian mathematicians Russian mathematicians Living people 1961 births University of Sydney faculty
33392438	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harald%20Walach	Harald Walach	Harald Walach (born 1957) is a German parapsychologist and advocate of alternative medicine. Background Walach was born in 1957. He received a degree in Psychology from the University of Freiburg in 1984, a PhD in Clinical Psychology from the University of Basel in 1991, and a PhD in History of Science from the University of Vienna in 1995. In 1998 he received his habilitation in psychology from the University of Freiburg. He was affiliated for a time with the Samueli Institute before its closure in 2017. He worked for a time at the University of Northampton, then as director of the Institute of Transcultural Health Studies at Europa Universität Viadrina, where he led a training course for doctors in complementary medicine and cultural sciences. In 2012, the state of Brandenburg's commission for reviewing Universities concluded that Walach's institute should not be continued within the university. In 2017, he was a part-time associate professor at Poznań University of Medical Sciences, teaching mindfulness to the international medical students. In July 2021 the university cut its ties with Walach, in response to a paper that he published in Vaccines, stating that Walach's work "misleadingly used data to yield conclusions that are wrong and may lead to public harm." Research and professional activities Walach has conducted studies examining elements of complementary and alternative medicine, and developed the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory. He was an editor of an essay series on Neuroscience, Consciousness, Spirituality, and until 2021 was editor-in-chief of the Karger journal Forschende Komplementärmedizin. In 2017, he started the CHS Institute to publish his own writing, including COVID-19 satire and denial. Controversy Walach has advocated for revision of the concept of evidence-based medicine, promoting holistic and homeopathic alternatives in his publications. Starting in 2001, along with theoretical physicists Hartmann Römer and Harald Atmanspacher, Walach developed a model of "weak quantum theory" or "generalised entanglement" that attempted to explain anomalous phenomena, such as non-specific therapy effects and parapsychological phenomena. This was not taken seriously by other physicists, and referenced mainly in the fields of homeopathic medicine and consciousness studies. In 2012, Walach received the negative prize "Goldenes Brett" from Austrian skeptics, an annual award for the "most astonishing pseudo-scientific nuisance" of the year. The prize was awarded in part for a masters thesis about the Kozyrev mirror conducted under his supervision, which was widely regarded as unscientific. Walach is on the scientific advisory board of a blog called "CAM-Media Watch", which is run by the alternative medicine company Heel. The blog describes itself as a "spin doctor" for promoting Complementary and Alternative Medicine ("CAM"). In 2012, it was reported that the blog had been paid to smear Edzard Ernst, a scientist critical of homeopathy. Retracted papers In June 2021, Walach published two high profile papers containing research pertaining to the COVID-19 pandemic, one exaggerating the risks of vaccination, and the other concluding that children should not wear masks. Both papers were retracted the following month. The first paper, published in Vaccines, was retracted within a week because of “misrepresentation of the COVID-19 vaccination efforts and misrepresentation of the data,” "several errors that fundamentally affect the interpretation of the findings," and "incorrect and distorted conclusions". Five members of the editorial board of Vaccines resigned when the article was published, protesting it as "grossly irresponsible". The second paper was published in JAMA Pediatrics, to immediate criticism. This study was funded by an organization (MWGFD) that was founded to fight governmental pandemic protocols, and is known in Germany for promoting COVID conspiracy theories and distributing anti-vaccine flyers. The journal retracted the paper 12 days later, after the authors did not provide sufficiently convincing evidence to resolve the scientific issues raised about the study. In a press statement, the Poznań University of Medical Sciences dissociated itself from Walach and asserted that his vaccine study "misleadingly used data to yield conclusions that are wrong and may lead to public harm." References External links Harald Walach's personal homepage and blog (German) Curriculum vitae Harald Walach at Academia.edu Living people 1957 births German psychologists Parapsychologists Consciousness studies Medical journal editors Alternative medicine researchers University of Freiburg alumni University of Basel alumni University of Vienna alumni People in alternative medicine
32233609	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phalanx%2C%20New%20Jersey	Phalanx, New Jersey	Phalanx is an unincorporated community located within Colts Neck Township in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. It is located near the Swimming River Reservoir and is across from Brookdale Community College in Lincroft. The community is named for the North American Phalanx, a communal agricultural community that existed in the 19th century. The community disbanded in 1854 following a fire but the main residence stood until November 14, 1972 when another fire destroyed it. Homes began to replace the former farmland beginning in the late 1970s and is now the primary composition of the area. References Colts Neck Township, New Jersey Unincorporated communities in Monmouth County, New Jersey Unincorporated communities in New Jersey
11685132	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cor%20Veldhoen	Cor Veldhoen	Cor Veldhoen (6 April 1939 – 11 October 2005) was a Dutch footballer who was active as a defender. Veldhoen played his whole professional career at Feijenoord and won 27 caps for the Netherlands. Honours 1960-61 : Eredivisie winner with Feijenoord 1961-62 : Eredivisie winner with Feijenoord 1964-65 : Eredivisie winner with Feijenoord 1964-65 : KNVB Cup winner with Feijenoord 1968-69 : Eredivisie winner with Feijenoord 1969-70 : European Cup winner with Feijenoord References Profile External link 1939 births 2005 deaths Dutch footballers Feyenoord players Eredivisie players Footballers from Rotterdam Netherlands international footballers Association football defenders
52195835	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf%20Pen%20Hollow	Wolf Pen Hollow	Wolf Pen Hollow is a valley in McDonald County in the U.S. state of Missouri. Wolf Pen Hollow took its name from the wolf pen, a device used to trap wolves. References Valleys of McDonald County, Missouri Valleys of Missouri
41067391	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gugum%20Gumilar	Gugum Gumilar	Gugum Gumilar (born on August 15, 1994) is an Indonesian footballer who currently plays for Semen Padang in the Indonesia Super League. References External links 1994 births Association football forwards Association football midfielders Living people Indonesian footballers Liga 1 (Indonesia) players Pelita Bandung Raya players

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