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18514518	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fateh%20Mohammad%20Malik	Fateh Mohammad Malik	Fateh Mohammad Malik, ( ALA-LC: born 1936) is a Pakistani literary critic, linguist and a scholar. He has authored several books including an essay "Iqbal Inspired Humour: A Note on Parodies by Selected Urdu Poets" published in Of Clowns and Gods, Brahmans and Babus - Humour in South Asian Literatures. Iqbal had a key influence on him and he wrote at least six books on him including his book Iqbal's reconstruction of Muslim political thought published by University of Leicester, England. His major work while working for National Language Authority was a five-volume book on the origin of Urdu as a language. Career Malik is the chairman of the National Language Authority. He served as Rector of the International Islamic University, Islamabad until 2012 when he was sacked by then President Zardari under pressureof from the Saudi government. Before being sacked from his post, he criticized Saudi Arabia's practices as uncivilized and anti-women during a seminar. He also served this university as a dean of the faculty of languages, literature and humanities. Before starting his career in Pakistan, he taught at Columbia University, Heidelberg University, Humboldt University and Saint Petersburg University for ten years. Awards and recognition Sitara-i-Imtiaz Award (Star of Excellence) by the President of Pakistan in 2006 References 1936 births Living people International Islamic University, Islamabad faculty Pakistani literary critics Linguists of Urdu Recipients of Sitara-i-Imtiaz
32439061	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheatsheaf	Wheatsheaf	A wheatsheaf is a sheaf of wheat The name may also refer to: The Wheatsheaf, Fitzrovia, a public house in Camden, London The Wheatsheaf, St Helens, a public house in Merseyside, England The Wheatsheaf, Southwark, a public house in London The Wheatsheaf, Camberley, a public house in Surrey Druid Park, formally called Wheatsheaf Ground, Gosforth rugby union stadium near Newcastle-on-Tyne, England Wheatsheaf Junction, a rail junction on the Wheatsheaf branch line, named after The Wheatsheaf public house near Wrexham, Wales Wheatsheaf Park, sometimes called the Wheatsheaf, Staines Town football ground The Wheatsheaf, a name for The Wheatsheaf Players Co-Operative Theatre in Coventry, England Wallaroo Wheatsheaf, later just the Wheatsheaf, a newspaper published in Wallaroo, South Australia from 1911 to 1921
6220844	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winecoff%20House	Winecoff House	The Winecoff House (also known as the Winecoff Hotel, Central Hotel or Carter Hall) is a U.S. historic building in Micanopy, Florida, at 102 Northeast Seminary Avenue. It was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 2002. It is a Greek Revival-style house build before 1871. References External links Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Florida National Register of Historic Places in Alachua County, Florida Houses in Alachua County, Florida
63637307	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliot%20Smith%20%28American%20football%29	Elliot Smith (American football)	Elliot Smith (born August 14, 1967) is a former American football defensive back. He played for the San Diego Chargers in 1989, the Denver Broncos in 1990 and for the Montreal Machine in 1992. References 1967 births Living people American football defensive backs Alcorn State Braves football players San Diego Chargers players Denver Broncos players Montreal Machine players
19538358	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dench	Dench	Dench is an English surname which may refer to: Charles Dench (1873–1958), English cricketer and umpire David Dench (born 1951), former Australian rules footballer, father of Michelle Dench Doug Dench (1930–2012), Australian rules footballer Emma Dench, English ancient historian, classicist, and academic administrator Geoff Dench (1940–2018), British social scientist Ian Dench (born 1964), English songwriter and musician Jeffery Dench (1928–2014), English actor, older brother of Judi Dench Judi Dench (born 1934), English actress Michelle Dench, Australian sportswoman Patricia Dench (born 1932), Australian sports shooter Peter Dench (born 1972), English photojournalist Rosemarie Dench (born Rosemarie Stewart, 1914–2001), English pair skater Sacha Dench, Australian biologist, conservationist and adventurer William Dench (christened 1797), English cricketer See also Ethel Dench Puffer Howes (1872–1950), American psychologist and feminist organizer
34392994	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highland%20United%20Methodist%20Church	Highland United Methodist Church	Highland United Methodist Church (also known as Highland Station House) is a historic Victorian Gothic church building and library at 205 West Livingston Road in Highland, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1981. History The Methodist congregation in Highland was first organized in 1865, and met in the Hickory Ridge School. They continued to meet in the school house until 1886, when they had raised enough funds to build this structure. The church was built by local carpenters George and Lester St. John on three lots in Highland, donated by J. B. and Betsey Crouse, and was completed in late 1886. In 1946, the Hickory Ridge School (built in 1835) was moved to the site of the church and connected to serve as a parish hall. Another portion was added to the rear of the structure in 1957. In 1980, the building was purchased by Highland Township, renovated and expanded, and put into use as a library in 1982. The library moved into a new building in 2002. The structure is currently known as the Highland Station House and houses the Huron Valley Council for the Arts. Description The Highland United Methodist Church is a rectangular Victorian Gothic structure with a gable roof, clapboard siding, and a projecting square tower at one corner, topped with a belfry and spire. The windows are tall and narrow, with original wooden louvered blinds on the exterior. Scrollsaw filigree decorates the window heads, the front gable, and the tower. A double-door entrance is on the base of the tower, and is sheltered by a hood. The adjoining addition, originally the 1835 Hickory Ridge School, is a single-story, gable-roofed, wood frame structure. References External links Huron Valley Council of the Arts website Methodist churches in Michigan Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Michigan Gothic Revival church buildings in Michigan Churches completed in 1886 Churches in Oakland County, Michigan Michigan State Historic Sites National Register of Historic Places in Oakland County, Michigan Wooden churches in Michigan
33193257	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osazuwa	Osazuwa	Osazuwa is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Agnes Osazuwa (born 1989), Nigerian sprinter Uhunoma Osazuwa (born 1987), Nigerian heptathlete
6741235	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Ridley	William Ridley	William Ridley may refer to: William Ridley (engraver) (1764–1838), British engraver William Ridley (bishop) (1836–1911), Anglican bishop in Canada William Ridley (Presbyterian missionary) (1819–1878), Presbyterian missionary and linguist in Australia William Henry Ridley (1816–1882), Church of England priest and author
13308944	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gmina%20Rad%C5%82%C3%B3w	Gmina Radłów	Gmina Radłów may refer to either of the following administrative districts in Poland: Gmina Radłów, Lesser Poland Voivodeship Gmina Radłów, Opole Voivodeship
25342851	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques%20Cou%C3%ABlle	Jacques Couëlle	Jacques Couëlle (1902–1996) was a French architect, whose work was marked by the movement known as architecture-sculpture. Biography Jacques Couëlle is a self-taught architect. Uncategorised, he remains on the margins of major movements in architecture and in particular the Modern Movement. In 1946 he founded "the Research Centre of natural structures". Nicknamed "the architect of billionaires" he has made exceptional homes. The architecture of Jacques Couëlle, with its sculptural forms of concrete designed and carved, evokes the movement of architecture-sculpture born after the war. The specificity of Couëlle's architecture is its relationship to nature. His houses fit perfectly into their natural environment because they borrow their forms. They are "home-landscape". This relationship with nature is associated with Antoni Gaudí's organic architecture like the famous Park Güell (1900–1914) in Barcelona, where the paths carved into the slope as caves follow the contours of the land. An eccentric character, he was a friend of Pablo Picasso and Salvador Dalí. For his artistic merits, he was awarded the Legion of Honour at the French Academy. He worked together with his son Savin Jacques Couëlle (1929–2020). Achievements Bastide Saint-François (1925–1936) in the Alpes-Maritimes Villa Goupil in Chevreuse (78) Village Castellarras-le-Vieux (1955–1963) on the Côte d'Azur Hotel Cala di Volpe (1962) in Sardinia The House stones at Louveciennes (1994) Brochure Villa Super Cannes References Bibliography Michel Ragon, "Jacques Couëlle,inCimaise, No. 103, August–October 1971. Luigi Gilbert Couëlle Jacques:architectural brackets, Brussels, Peter Mardaga, 1982. Luigi Gilbert,Jacques Couëlle: live elsewhere now,the catalog of the exhibition at the Pompidou Center, Paris: Center Georges Pompidou, 1988. "Jacques Couëlle,Le Moniteur architecture AMC, No. 69, March 1996, p. 18-19. Frances Arnold, "Jacques Couëlle: houses carved in stone,Le Moniteur architecture AMC, No. 77, February 1997, pp. 56–59. Jacques-Couelle Castellaras-le-Vieux houses landscape a 52-minute documentary by Patricia Civel and Jerome Sadler External links Exhibition at the center of the archives of world of work Tribute to Wogensky Couëlle Video Footage of Couëlle's village Castelleras Villa Oxygene, Super Cannes, South of France Domaine Chateauneuf, Valbonne, South of France 20th-century French architects 1902 births 1996 deaths Architects from Marseille Members of the Académie des beaux-arts
32150039	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor%20Gojcaj	Victor Gojcaj	Victor Daniel Gojçaj (pronounced 'Goy-Chai) (born March 9, 1983) is an Albanian American actor. He is from Traboin, Tuzi, Montenegro. Career Gojcaj was spotted by film director Tony Scott while he was searching New York for ex-criminals to play the roles of the train hijackers, alongside John Travolta in the 2009 movie The Taking of Pelham 123. Scott enlisted the help of Drug Enforcement Administration agent Don Ferrarone to search through mug shots. He was later scripted into Scott's following movie of Unstoppable. Filmography References External links 1983 births Living people Male actors from Detroit American people of Albanian descent American male film actors 21st-century American male actors
67460873	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pudhu%20Pudhu%20Arthangal%20%28TV%20series%29	Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal (TV series)	Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal ( New New Meanings) is an Indian Tamil-language family television drama that airs on Zee Tamil and streams on Zee5. The series premiered on 22 March 2021 and starring actress Devayani and Abhishek Shankar with VJ Parvathy. It is an official remake of Zee Marathi series Aggabai Sasubai. This is a story that focuses on life of woman "Lakshmi". Lakshmi is a widow, she takes care of her family and faces all life issues with peace. She raised her son "Santhosh" and also takes care of her father-in-law "Thiruvenkadam" but she always pays less attention to herself while loving everyone else except herself. After the marriage of Santhosh, the show focuses on how Lakshmi's daughter in law "Pavithra" strives to bring a little joy in Lakshmi's life. After the marriage of Santhosh and Pavithra, the family celebrates their marriage party in Hari's restaurant. The chef, Hari Krishnan notices Lakshmi and falls in love with her and the story begins. Plot Lakshmi, a widow who lives in "Sneha Apartment", takes care of her family and faces all life issues with peace. She raised her son Santhosh as a single mother and also takes care of her father-in-law Thiruvenkadam. She always pays less attention to herself while loving everyone else except herself. After the marriage of Santhosh with Pavithra, they go to an restaurant and finish their meals. The hotel is owned by Hari Krishnan, a renowned chef . He notices Lakshmi and falls for her. Lakshmi's daughter-in-law Pavithra strives to bring some joy in Lakshmi's life. The family often visit him and become very close. Hari loves puliyodorai (tamarind rice) in a temple was the prasaadam cooked by a woman (not knowing that is Lakshmi) he wishes to find out that woman. One day he finds Lakshmi cooked puliyodorai in the temple every Friday and his love for Lakshmi increases. Days go on until Prathiba, a cunning lady who is in the next floor of Lakshmi and dislikes Lakshmi and humiliates her every time, ensuring that Lakshmi doesn't live happily. Hari Krishnan insists on making pumpkin cake from Lakshmi but she denies because of Kutty (Santhosh). Prathiba enters and tells that she had made the pumpkin cake. The next day she gets Hari's number from Lakshmi and calls him. A delighted Prathiba asks her friends to come to her home, but she fails to make the cake. Lakshmi, however, makes the cake. Hari thanks Lakshmi, which irritates Prathiba. She uses Santhosh as a weapon against Lakshmi & Hari. He dislikes Hari and confronts Lakshmi. Hari Krishnan doesn't like Santhosh's behavior and humiliates Santhosh in front of his colleagues. This irritates him very much and he confronts Lakshmi. Few months later In Sneha Apartment, Hari Krishnan moves in as a tenant because his restaurant had been closed due to Santhosh. This irritates Santhosh very much and he doesn't speak to Lakshmi. Hari Krishnan gets an order, but he rejects the order since he doesn't have a large kitchen and enough of vessels. But Lakshmi suggests getting the help of other flatmates, which leads to the order being successful. Then, Hari Krishnan cooks in a television show that they going to shoot in apartment parking area. This irritates Santhosh. He complaints to municipality corporation, but Pavithra clears the matter and helps the team. Santhosh thinks that Lakshmi had cleared the issue and quarrels with her. The election for secretary election is going to start. One week before the election, they need nominees. Prathiba stands for election. Pavithra tells Lakshmi to stand for election and Lakshmi stands. This irritates Prathiba very much. She uses Santhosh again. He confronts Lakshmi to not stand in upcoming election, but Pavithra saves Lakshmi. Pavithra cheers on Lakshmi. A frustrated Prathiba plans to swap the election boxes after election is over. But Maddy (Hari Krishnan personal secretary) finds out and records their conversation and shows it to Hari. After few months, Aravind (an engaged bridegroom who doesn't have parents but her fiancé belongs to an extended family) is introduced. Her father needs a bridegroom same like his family. But as Aravind loves her fiancé so much that he couldn't leave her, so he lied that his parents are abroad and they will come on the wedding day. Whilst giving out invitations to his friends, he was involved in an accident caused by Santosh with his new car. Lakshmi takes care of Aravind and he doesn't tell the police. Lakshmi visits his fiancé's house where she met Hari who had a plan to act like his father whereas Aravind is his worker. The fiancé's family misunderstood that Lakshmi is Aravind's mom. Then she took acts like his mom as she had no options. On the Wedding day, the fiancé's uncle speaks ill about Lakshmi who doesn't wear her Thali and metti chain, but she is a widow so she can't wear them. Then Hari ties the knot to Lakshmi, as he can't hear the words spoken by uncle. Cast Main Devayani as Lakshmi : A widow and turned Hari Krishnan's wife, dedicated house wife, kind hearted and innocent woman. She is Thiruvenkadam's daughter-in-law; Santhosh's mother, Pavithra's mother-in-law VJ Parvathy as Pavithra (Pavi): A bold and straight forward girl. She is Santhosh's lover and turns wife; Lakshmi's daughter-in-law; Thiruvenkadam's grand daughter-in-law; Raghavan and Vaidhei's daughter Abhishek Shankar as Hari Krishnan (Hari): A popular chef and Hari's kitchen owner and Lakshmi's husband Niyaz Khan as Santhosh (Kutty): Lakshmi's son; Pavithra's husband and Thiruvenkadam's grandson. Dindigul I. Leoni (2021) as Thiruvenkadam: Lakshmi's father-in-law; Santhosh's grandfather. Jayaraj Periyamayathevar as Thiruvenkadam (replaced Leoni, 2021–Present) Recurring Devi Priya as Prathiba: Lakshmi's neighbor; Natarajan's daughter-in-law and she hates Lakshmi K. S. Jayalakshmi as Parimalam: Lakshmi's neighbor Karpagavalli as Archana: Lakshmi's neighbor Swetha as Geetha: Lakshmi's neighbor; Anitha and Anu's mother; Saravanan's second wife Aishwarya as Leena: Lakshmi's neighbor and Divya's mother (2021) Jayashree Binuraj as Leena (Replaced Aishwarya, 2021–present) Vincent Roy as Natarajan: Prathiba's father-in-law, Thiruvenkadam's friend and Lakshmi's neighbor (2021) Vijay Krishnaraj as Natarajan (Replaced Vincent Roy, 2021–present) Akshaya Kimmy as Maddy: Hari Krishnan's assistant and Manager of Hari's kitchen Shanthi as Komathi: Natarajan's wife and Prathiba's mother-in-law Vedha Das as Saravanan: Geetha's second husband Ranjana Sudarshan as Anitha: Geetha's elder daughter Kamatchi as Anu: Geetha's younger daughter Ramesh Khanna as Raghavan: Pavithra and Arun's father; Santhosh's father-in-law Ashok as Raghavan (Replaced Ramesh, 2021–present) Sheela as Vaidehi: Pavithra and Arun's mother; Santhosh mother-in-law Saakshi Siva as Mahesh: Santhosh office Manager Kousalya Senthamarai as Mahesh's mother Tharun Appasamy as Arun: Pavithra's younger brother; Raghavan and Vaidehi's son Sreenidhi Sudarshan as Divya: Leena's daughter, Lakshmi's neighbor and Arun's love interest Rickna as Urmila: Divya's friend Mani Thangarasu as Mani: Arun's friend KPY Sarath as Lokesh: Arun's friend Neethu Chinju as Aadhira (2021-2022): Santhosh's Office Employee also Best Friend Sahana Shetty as Aadhira (Replaced Neethu, 2022-present) Cameo Aadukalam Naren as Ramanathan: Raghavan's friend Nithya Ravindran as Kamala: Ramanathan's wife Diwakar as an Auto driver Namitha as herself: She came to Sneha apartments for the cooking class from Harikrishnan Production Casting The series features film actress Devayani, make her comeback after 2 years on television in the main female role of Lakshmi. Actor Abhishek Shankar was chosen for the male role, who acted with Devayani as her pair in the TV series Kolangal, both made their combo after 12 years on television. "Sun TV" presenter Parvathy, made her first acting debut on television, was roped in the role of Lakshmi's daughter-in-law. Alongside TV actor Niyaz Khan was selected as the role of Lakshmi's son and debates anchor Dindigul I. Leonie role of Lakshmi's father-in-law. Development Popular film Master'''s producer Xavier Britto and Nivashini Divya, both of them producing this series after Neethane Enthan Ponvasantham under the studio Esthell Entertainers on Zee Tamil. Release Promo The first promo was released on 8 March 2021, International Women's Day, to implies the women's life. Then the second promo was released on 15 March 2021 with launching date and timing on YouTube. Special & Crossover episode On its launching, the series had been telecast one hour for two days with non-stop episode without any commercial breaks. On 17 October 2021, Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal helds a wedding episode titled as Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal Mega Thirumana Vaibhavam for Harikrishnan and Lakshmi's marriage, which aired for non-stop two and half hours on Sunday. From 13 December 2021 to 25 December 2021, this series held a forty-five minutes special episode in prime time. On 16 January 2022, this series held a two and half hour special episode on Sunday regarding pregnancy of Aathira titled as Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal MEGA Sunday Kondattam.'' Reception Times of India quoted the series that "The series deals with the hardships and emotional turmoil faced by a dutiful housewife despite her sacrifices to the family". Adaptations References External links Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal at ZEE5 Zee Tamil original programming Tamil-language romance television series 2020s Tamil-language television series 2021 Tamil-language television series debuts Tamil-language television shows
65883904	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy%20Mokwena	Sandy Mokwena	Sandy Mokwena (26 June 1949 – 25 January 2018), was a South African actor. He is best known for his roles in the popular serials Funeral for an Assassin, Tödliche Geschäfte and Scandal!. Personal life He was born on 26 June 1949 in Soweto, South Africa. He was married to Grace Mokwena. The couple had 4 kids, 3 daughters Ditshego , Keabetswe, Lebogang & 1 son Otsile Itumeleng He died on 25 January 2018 in the morning of natural causes at the age of 68. The funeral service was held at the Grace Bible Church in Soweto on 26 January 2018. He was then buried at Heroes Acre in West Park Cemetery, Johannesburg. Career In 1972, he performed in the stage play Iphi Ntombi with the role 'Cappie'. With the play, he toured internationally and continued to play the role until 1984. and then in the television serial Going Up. In 2005, he was selected for the role 'Bra Eddie Khumalo' in the television soap opera Scandal!. The show became highly popular where Sandy continued to play the role until his death in 2018. A memorial service was held at the Scandal! studios on Wednesday in honour of the 17 years he spent at the serial. Meanwhile, he played the role 'Ken Mokoena' in the serial Yizo Yizo 1. Apart from Scandal!, he contributed many television productions such as Generations, Khululeka, Soul City, Justice for All and Zero Tolerance. Meanwhile, he worked in the films: Taxi to Soweto (1992), The Principal (1996), Dead End (1999) and Scarback (2000). Filmography References External links Inside Sandy Mokwena's last day on set Scandal! stars remember Sandy Mokwena: His light will never fade Jerry Mofokeng pours his heart out about losing his friends, Bra Hugh & Sandy Mokwena South African television actors South African actors 1949 births 2018 deaths South African film actors People from Soweto
45019310	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambling%20Emperor%20Legend%20Zero	Gambling Emperor Legend Zero	is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Nobuyuki Fukumoto, who is renowned for his works Kaiji and Akagi. Similar to Fukumoto's other works, the story revolves around gambling with high stakes, this time with a greater focus on competition and rivalry. The first part was serialized in Kodansha's Weekly Shōnen Magazine from September 2007 to March 2009. The second part was serialized from July 2011 to May 2013. Plot Zero Ukai, a boy who causes a stir as a so-called "Robin Hood" of society, is invited along with his friends to the Dream Kingdom, a part-gambling part-amusement park under construction by the wealthy Muryō Zaizen. Zero and the others are brought together because Zaizen is in search of a "king," in other words his rep player, and he puts all his money on the line in order to succeed in that search, with the reward equaling no less than 100 billion yen. In order to save all the victims of the bank transfer scam with the prize money, Zero takes on the challenge to become the king, but the games are nothing short of the ultimate gambles of life, mind and body. Characters The Participants Portrayed by: Shigeaki Kato (live-action TV series) He is 17 years old at the start of the series. When he was in middle school, he was an honor student in the extra-advanced class of Kainan Junior High, being one of the three brightest people in the class. He has a clear mind and good athletic nerves, and he can make an accurate judgment of situations even if put in a tight spot. He has an extremely strong sense of justice and considers his three companions to be one and the same as him, and at the same time, he shows kindness to everyone without regard to his own interests, such as offering timely help to Shirube, who was in a direct confrontation with him. In the live-action TV series, he is changed into a 27-28 year old cram school lecturer, though much of his characteristics remains the same. One of Zero's 'robin hood' companions. At first, he was antagonistic towards Zero for stopping him from committing suicide, but by joining Zero's pact, he comes to appreciate the fact that he has changed his life, which he thought was meaningless. While working as a robin hood, he seems to have developed a strong sense of justice, and he hopes to save all the victims of the bank transfer scam when he gets the bounty as a rep player. He does not appear in the live-action TV series. Portrayed by: Amane Okayama (as , live-action TV series) One of Zero's 'robin hood' companions. He wears glasses and has a sullen but mild-mannered personality. Initially, he shows his selfishness and pretends to be aiming for the top like the other participants, but as he experiences the harshness of the games and the greatness of Zero, he becomes convinced that Zero should be the "king". As they continued to play the games, Zero advised him that it was dangerous for them to act together any longer, but they decided to continue because he wanted to see Zero through his fate for as long as possible and help him when he could. In the live-action TV series, his role is taken over by a character named Hiroshi Sashima, who takes on several traits that originally belonged to Suezaki, such as his father being a diplomat. Portrayed by: Ryō Katō (as , live-action TV series) One of Zero's 'robin hood' companions. He is noticeably more plump than the rest of Zero's friends and appears to have the strongest selfish desires of them all. Like with Yūki, Zero advised him to leave, and he parted ways with Zero in a half-hearted way, despite the fact that he couldn't survive without Zero's help due to his lack of strength. They later reunited in front of the venue for "The Lost Ring". Portrayed by: Kendo Kobayashi (live-action TV series) A yakuza who is the president of the bank transfer scam group that has been thwarted by Zero and the robin hoods. He was given the right to participate in the "test to decide the king" on Zaizen's whims. Despite playing a comic relief role most of the time, he also plays a major supporting role in giving Zero and the others sparks of inspiration. In the second arc, he teamed up with Zero to act as an intermediary for the games and as a manager, preparing the betting money. He also begins to speak mainly in a Kansai dialect. Portrayed by: Shotaro Mamiya (as , live-action TV series) The member of the bank transfer scam group. He is a shrewd, tall man and intellectual-type gangster who graduated from Keio University, and together with Suezaki, he has obtained the right to participate in Zaizen's test. He is treated as a younger brother figure to Suezaki, but perhaps because of Suezaki's own short-tempered nature, he secretly makes fun of him. He seems to respect those who are competent, and despite his aforementioned background, he truly appreciates the abilities of Zero and Shirube, who are younger than him. Portrayed by: Ryūga Satō (live-action TV series) A young boy whose real name and exact age are unknown. He is very intelligent and always maintains a composed attitude. At first glance, he appears to be cold, but deep down he holds a passionate desire to change the world, and he is willing to die to do so. He approaches Zero with a secret plan to defeat Zaizen, and promises to fight with him later on. He believes that it is young people like Zero and him who should lead the way in the times, not old people like Zaizen. The Sponsors Portrayed by: Tomio Umezawa (live-action TV series) The president of the Zaizen Group. He is Japan's richest man with more than 3 trillion yen in personal assets alone. Known by his nickname "Money God," he is 81 years old and uses a wheelchair. He was the organizer of the "test to decide the king" and scraped together blood relatives and influential people from all over Japan as participants. Seeing Zero and the others' qualities, he rescued them from their predicament, but since Zero was too wary to show his gratitude at the time, Zaizen came to dislike him. He has 365 mistresses tending to him on a daily basis, as well as children and grandchildren. Like Hyōdō in the Kaiji series, he is an extremely vicious sadist who takes great pleasure in injuring and killing disqualified people, and seems to value his innate "luck." In the live-action TV series, he is 71 years old and does not show hostility towards Zero as much as in the original manga. Portrayed by: Eiko Koike (as , live-action TV series) An executive of the Zaizen Group. He is 58 years old and the one who facilitates the test to decide the king. He presides over the Dream Kingdom and asks participants to take part in heinous gambles. However, he has never been unreasonable in his judging and acts fairly. He acknowledges that Zero is the best one of all, monitoring and favoring him over the other participants at the same time. In the live-action TV series, he was changed to a young woman named Mineko Gotō. Although she acknowledges that Zero is one of the best talents in the world, she tends to dislike Zero to an unusual degree. An old man who Zero fights against in the finger-cutting gamble. As a child, he suffered a serious injury to the right half of his face, which he hides with half his body and hair. In the case of gambling, he claims to have lost only once out of the many gambles he has participated in, and he faces Zero with absolute confidence, but there is a deep secret behind his win rate. He does not appear in the live-action TV series. Portrayed by: Yuya Tegoshi (live-action TV series) The DJ of the anchor gamble who wears clothes that seem to be of the punk fashion. Despite saying that his real name is "Kotarō Hill Mountain Williams Harrison Jaguar Satake James Shiroyama," his driver's license shows the above name. It is assumed by Zero that one of his parents might be American. Although he treats the participants with a friendly manner, in reality he is an ugly man who cannot hide his disgust at typical moving tales, hoping that the gambling process will destroy the bonds between the participating teams. Gyanki-hen A collegiate golf champion that Zero has to play against in an early morning golf game. He is a nice young man in public, but he looks down on others deep down. The self-proclaimed "Invincible Poker Queen" who sends a challenge letter to an underworld gambling contracting site set up by Zero. All her teeth, besides the front teeth, are canine. She is self-confident and only listens to reasons that are convenient to her, and takes great pleasure in pulling out all the teeth of the losers in a "100-card poker" game that she devised and crafted to her advantage. Her role as an opponent is replaced with Mineko in the TV drama series. A thirteen year old boy who was present at the scene of the beer-pouring match between Zero and the entertainment company president. Impressed by Zero's tact and sense of justice, he asks him to decipher the cryptogram "Yukichi's Soliloquy," which is believed to belong to his grandfather Kijūrō. He doesn't have any particular talent, but he does have a good sense of things. The senior managing director of Hōō Corporation, one of Japan's top-class giant corporations. She is Kijūrō's eldest daughter and Naoki's mother. She is unclingy by nature and seems to have little interest in her father's wealth, and is also quite an airhead. The president of Hōō Corporation, he is Kijūrō's eldest son and Sawako's older brother. He proposes that if Yukichi's soliloquy reveals the location of the hidden fortune, the distribution of the fortune will be first come first served, and he attempts to take all of it by using Hōō's ability to get things done and Tatsuki's intellect. Takamitsu's son. He is 13 years old, just like his cousin Naoki, but he is a genius who skipped a grade to attend the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in his third year. He believes that humanity's greatest treasure is its intellect, and he dreams of beating Shirube and Zero, who are considered to be the pinnacle of genius. He hears that Zero is trying to decipher Yukichi's soliloquy, so he joins the competition and confronts Zero. The senior managing director of Hōō Corporation. He was called founder Kijūrō's right-hand man, and claimed that "Yukichi's soliloquy" might be a sign of an SOS from him. The founder of Hōō Corporation. He had been locked up for three years, but he saw through the fact that the culprit was Takamitsu. His age is in his eighties (the same age as Zaizen), but his physical abilities are unimaginable for his age, such as showing Zero and the others a forward somersault immediately after rescue, and claiming that he can do a backward somersault if he is so inclined. In spite of being a wealthy and eccentric person, he is a good man who is adored by everyone, which is a rarity in Fukumoto's works. The deceased wife of Kijūrō, the mother of Takamitsu and Sawako and the grandmother of Naoki and Tatsuki. She used to have feelings for Zaizen, but when Zaizen became a billionaire and confessed to her, she was already attracted to Kijūrō. Media Manga Written and illustrated by Nobuyuki Fukumoto, Gambling Emperor Legend Zero was serialized in Kodansha's Weekly Shōnen Magazine from September 5, 2007, to February 25, 2009. Its chapters were collected in eight tankōbon volumes, released from November 11, 2007, to April 17, 2009. A second arc, , was serialized in Weekly Shōnen Magazine from July 13, 2011, to May 29, 2013. Its chapters were collected in ten tankōbon volumes, released from October 17, 2011, to July 17, 2013. In June 2020, Manga Planet announced the digital English-language publication of the manga. It was planned to start on June 23, 2020, however, it was postponed to November 17, 2020. Volume list Gambling Emperor Legend Zero Tobaku Haōden Zero: Gyanki-hen Drama A 10-episode Japanese television drama adaptation titled , also known as ZERO -The Bravest Money Game-, aired every Sunday evening from July 15 to September 16, 2018 on NTV's Sunday Drama block. The drama stars NEWS's Shigeaki Kato as Zero. After each episode finished airing, they later became available for video distribution on Hulu. The spin-off Zero: Episode ZERO, which depicts the past lives of the characters, also became available on the site. See also Gambling in Japan References Further reading External links 2007 manga 2018 Japanese television series debuts 2018 Japanese television series endings Action anime and manga Gambling in anime and manga Kodansha manga Manga adapted into television series Manga series Nippon TV dramas Nobuyuki Fukumoto Shōnen manga
9408273	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbols%20of%20Saskatchewan	Symbols of Saskatchewan	Saskatchewan is one of Canada's provinces, and has established several provincial symbols. Symbols References Saskatchewan Symbols Canadian provincial and territorial symbols Provincial symbols of Saskatchewan
52934240	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonight%20%28Emcee%20N.I.C.E.%20song%29	Tonight (Emcee N.I.C.E. song)	"Tonight" is a single by American/Puerto Rican rapper Emcee N.I.C.E. It was released on October 4, 2014. It was produced by Kelly Keys, and features guest vocals from Suhana Machete. The single made its debut on the "Billboard" Hot 100 Single Sales Chart at #13 and remained on the charts for 13 weeks. "Tonight" is the follow up single to Life of the Party (Emcee N.I.C.E. song) that featured famed Actress and Fox News Correspondent Stacey Dash. Commercial performance "Tonight" debuted at number #13 on the Billboard Hot Singles Sales chart for the week of November 1, 2014. Its debut was driven mostly by digital download sales, staying on the Billboard Charts for 13 weeks from November 1, 2014 through February 14, 2015 peaking at #8 Track listing Digital download "Tonight" — 3:39 Chart performance "Tonight" spent 13 weeks on the Billboard charts peaking at No. 8. Music video To coincide with the single release, Emcee N.I.C.E. Executive Produced a music video alongside Frank DeRozan, BJ Luster & Chani Gray who acquired the services of famed Director Earl "Slick Two Three" Bartlow (Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta, Stevie J & Joseline: Go Hollywood) of Sharp Team Entertainment based in Atlanta, Georgia. The story a mini-movie takes place in Atlanta, Georgia where Emcee N.I.C.E. does a live radio interview with prominent radio personality Lil Bankhead at hip-hop station Streetz 94.5 FM holding a night of your life contest for the tenth caller. The tenth caller "Tasha" played by actress/model Brittney Nicole calls in, wins the competition and invites her "party girls" co-stars Carly Daminga & Kita Hunt. Emcee N.I.C.E. with a party bus full of people, leaves station and picks up Tasha and her girls up dressed to impress. The party bus is filled with vibrant and festive party goers already partying as they head over to a premier nightclub in Atlanta with Emcee N.I.C.E. to really live it up. When Tasha and her friends walk into the club to the V.I.P. they are instantly the main attraction. They pass prominent producers Young Kros and "Tonight’s" remix producer Marvelous J who is seen talking to a beautiful patron of the club, forgets she is there watching Tasha. In between the party scenes Emcee N.I.C.E. and Suhana Machete perform together. The party shifts back to the bus this time joined by producer Marvelous J. At the 3-minute 48-second mark the song switches from the original version of the song, to the remix version as the night comes to an end. "Tonight" TV version available on YouTube. Liner notes Recorded and mixed by Dan "Deezy" Naim at The Cave, Woodland Hills, California Emcee N.I.C.E. – Lead Vocals and Backing Vocals Suhana Machete – Bridge Lead and Backing Vocals William "Kelly Keys" Armour – Producer Marvin "Marvelous J" White – Remix Producer Kenny "Mixx" Daniels – mastering at PatchWerk Recording Studios, Atlanta, Georgia Distributed by Gypsy City Music Executive Producers – Aulsondro "Novelist" Hamilton, Frank DeRozan, BJ Luster and Chani Gray References Songs about nights 2014 singles 2014 songs
50523877	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Jenkinson%20%28English%20footballer%29	Thomas Jenkinson (English footballer)	Thomas Jenkinson was an English professional footballer who played as an outside left. Career Born in Bradford, Jenkinson signed for Bradford City in April 1914 from Wapping, leaving the club in 1916 to play local football. During his time with Bradford City he made one appearance in the Football League. Sources References Year of birth missing Date of death missing English footballers Bradford City A.F.C. players English Football League players Association football outside forwards
20136257	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeppe	Jeppe	Jeppe may refer to several articles. Places Jeppe, Johannesburg, South Africa, named after Julius Jeppe; see: Jeppestown, Gauteng Jeppestown South, Gauteng Jeppe High School for Girls Jeppe High School for Boys People Jeppe (name) Fiction Jeppe of the Hill (da. Jeppe paa Bierget), a play by Ludvig Holberg, 1722. Jeppe på bjerget (a film version of the play) Jeppe: The Cruel Comedy (an opera based on the play)
22621347	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiqre%20Crockwell	Fiqre Crockwell	Fiqre Salassie Crockwell (8 July 1985 – 20 June 2016) was a Bermudian cricketer who represented the national team at One Day International level on two occasions, in April 2009. He was an opening batsman. Crockwell's ODI appearances, along with three other matches which had List A but not ODI status, were all during Bermuda's unsuccessful 2009 ICC World Cup Qualifier campaign in South Africa. Crockwell's top score of 45 came in one of the ODIs, a match against Kenya. Crockwell played Under-19 cricket for Bermuda and made his senior team debut as a 23-year-old at the 2009 World Cup Qualifier in South Africa. He opened the batting on debut, making 36 in a nine-wicket win over Denmark. His only two ODIs came against Kenya and Netherlands during the same tournament, where he made 45 and 23 respectively in a pair of losses. His last appearance for Bermuda came at the 2012 World T20 Qualifier in the UAE. He made 117 runs in four matches in the tournament at 29.25, with a best of 47 in his final match for the national team, a win over Uganda. Crockwell was included in a preliminary squad that toured Jamaica ahead of last year's ICC Americas Division One Twenty20 championship in Indianapolis but was not included in the final 14-man group that finished third at the tournament. Locally, Crockwell played for St. David's County Cricket Club and also played for St. George's on several occasions in the annual Cup Match holiday game played every summer, the biggest domestic match on the Bermuda cricket calendar dating back to 1872. Crockwell's sporting relatives include FIFA-certified referee Carlyle McNeil Eugene Crockwell and footballer Mikkail Kristopher Crockwell. On 20 June 2016, Crockwell was found dead in the Pembroke parish area of Bermuda. He was found fatally wounded shortly before 3 am. References External links 1985 births 2016 deaths Bermudian cricketers Bermuda One Day International cricketers Deaths by firearm in Bermuda People murdered in Bermuda Bermudian murder victims People from Pembroke Parish
80763	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softball	Softball	Softball is a game similar to baseball played with a larger ball (11 to 16 inches or 28 to 40 cm circumference) on a field that has base lengths of 60 feet, a pitcher's mound that ranges from 35 to 43 (professional is 43) feet away from home plate, and a home run fence that is 220–300 feet away from home plate, depending on the type of softball being played. Today, softball is played competitively at club levels, the college level, and the professional level. Women's Professional Fastpitch (WPF) is a professional women's softball league in the United States and was formerly the National Pro Fastpitch (NPF) and then the Women's Pro Softball League (WPSL). The new WPF league will launch in June 2022. There are two rules codes for softball generally: slow-pitch softball and fast pitch softball. Slow-pitch softball is the most common type, while women's fast pitch softball is a Summer Olympic sport. Sixteen-inch softball, a variant, is less common but remains a direct descendant of the original game created by George Hancock. Softball rules vary somewhat from those of baseball. Two major differences are that the ball must be pitched underhand—from 50 ft (15.2 m) in slow pitch, or 46/43 ft (14/13.1 m) for men/women in fast pitch as compared with 60.5 ft (18.4 m) in baseball—and that seven innings, or 1–2 hours depending on the league, constitute a regulation game compared with nine innings in baseball. The game moves at a faster pace than traditional baseball due to the field being smaller and the bases and the fielders being closer to home plate. There is less time for the base runner to get to first while the opponent fields the ball; yet, the fielder has less time to field the ball while the opponent is running down to first base. In fast pitch softball the entire infield is dirt, whereas the infield in baseball is grass except at the bases and on the pitcher's mound which are dirt. Softball mounds are also flat, while baseball mounds are a small hill. Softballs are pitched underhand, but baseballs are pitched overhand. This changes the arc of the ball when approaching the plate. For example, if the pitcher pitches a fastball, in softball the ball would most likely rise while in baseball because the pitcher is on a hill, the ball would drop. Despite the name, the ball used in modern softball is not soft, unless using a foam practice ball. It is about 12 in (about 30 cm) in circumference (11 or 12 in for slow-pitch), which is 3 in (8 cm) larger than a baseball. Softball recreational leagues for children use 11-inch balls until around age 13. The infield in softball is smaller than on an adult or high school baseball diamond but identical to that used by Little League Baseball; each base is 60 ft (18 m) from the next, as opposed to baseball's 90 ft (27 m). Softball was invented in 1887 in Chicago, Illinois, United States as an indoor game. The name "softball" was given to the game in 1926. A tournament held in 1933 at the Chicago World's Fair spurred interest in the game. Women's fast pitch softball became a Summer Olympic sport in 1996, but it and baseball were dropped from the 2012 program; they were to be reinstated in 2020 but the 2020 Olympics were delayed due to the COVID-19 international pandemic. In August 2021, the International Olympic Committee announced that softball would not be part of the 2024 Paris Olympics. History The earliest known softball game was played in Chicago, Illinois on Thanksgiving Day, 1887. It took place at the Farragut Boat Club at a gathering to hear the outcome of the Yale University and Harvard University football game. When the score was announced and bets were settled, a Yale alumnus threw a boxing glove at a Harvard supporter. The Harvard fan grabbed a stick and swung at the rolled up glove. George Hancock, a reporter there, called out "Play ball!" and the game began, with the boxing glove tightened into a ball, a broom handle serving as a bat. This first contest ended with a score of 41–40. The ball, being soft, was fielded barehanded. George Hancock is credited as the game's inventor for his development of a 17" ball and an undersized bat in the next week. The Farragut Club soon set rules for the game, which spread quickly to outsiders. Envisioned as a way for baseball players to maintain their skills during the winter, the sport was called "Indoor Baseball". Under the name of "Indoor-Outdoor", the game moved outside in the next year, and the first rules were published in 1889. In 1895 Lewis Rober, Sr. of Minneapolis organized outdoor games as exercise for firefighters; this game was known as kitten ball (after the first team to play it), lemon ball, or diamond ball. Rober's version of the game used a ball in circumference, rather than the ball used by the Farragut club, and eventually the Minneapolis ball prevailed, although the dimensions of the Minneapolis diamond were passed over in favor of the dimensions of the Chicago one. Rober may not have been familiar with the Farragut Club rules. Fire Station No. 19 in Minneapolis, Rober's post from 1896 to 1906, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in part for its association with the sport's development. The first softball league outside the United States was organized in Toronto in 1897. The name "softball" dates back to 1926. The name was coined by Walter Hakanson of the YMCA at a meeting of the National Recreation Congress. (In addition to "indoor baseball", "kitten ball", and "diamond ball", names for the game included "mush ball", and "pumpkin ball".) The name softball had spread across the United States by 1930. By the 1930s, similar sports with different rules and names were being played all over the United States and Canada. By 1936, the Joint Rules Committee on Softball had standardized the rules and naming throughout the United States. Sixteen-inch softball, also sometimes referred to as "mush ball" or "super-slow pitch" (although the ball is not soft at all), is a direct descendant of Hancock's original game. Defensive players are not allowed to wear fielding gloves. Sixteen-inch softball is played extensively in Chicago, where devotees such as the late Mike Royko consider it the "real" game, and New Orleans. In New Orleans, sixteen-inch softball is called "Cabbage Ball" and is a popular team sport in area elementary and high schools. By the 1940s, fast pitch began to dominate the game. Although slow pitch was present at the 1933 World's Fair, the main course of action taken was to lengthen the pitching distance. Slow pitch achieved formal recognition in 1953 when it was added to the program of the Amateur Softball Association, and within a decade had surpassed fast pitch in popularity. The first British women's softball league was established in 1953. The National Softball Hall of Fame and Museum was opened in Oklahoma City, United States in 1957. In 1991, women's fast pitch softball was selected to debut at the 1996 Summer Olympics. The 1996 Olympics also marked a key era in the introduction of technology in softball. The IOC funded a landmark biomechanical study on pitching during the games. In 2002, sixteen-inch slow pitch was written out of the International Softball Federation (ISF) official rules, although it is still played extensively in the United States under The Amateur Softball Association of America, or ASA rules. The 117th meeting of the International Olympic Committee, held in Singapore in July 2005, voted to drop softball and baseball as Olympic sports for the 2012 Summer Olympics. They were reinstated for the 2020 Summer Olympics held in 2021. Other sanctioning bodies of softball are AAU, NSA, PONY, Babe Ruth League, ASA, ISC, USSSA and Triple Crown. Overview Fast pitch softball is played between two teams on a large field, with 9 players (in 10u and above. 8u and below is usually played with 10 players on a field at once.) from one team on the field at a time. Slow-pitch softball is played with ten fielders but can be played with nine if needed. The softball field is usually composed of a dirt or brick-dust (colloquially called "sand") infield that contains the shape and running areas of a diamond and a grass outfield. However, the field can consist of other solid and dry surfaces such as artificial turf or asphalt. There are four bases on the infield: First base, second base, third base, and home plate. The bases are arranged in a square and are typically apart. Near the center of this square is the pitcher's mound, and within the circle is the "rubber", a small flat rectangular piece of rubber about a foot and a half in length. The rubber can be 40 or 43 feet away in fast pitch, or 43, 46 or 50 feet in slow pitch, from home plate, depending on age level and the league one is playing in. The object of the game is to score more runs (points) than the other team by batting (hitting) a ball into play and running around the bases, touching each one in succession. The ball is a sphere of light material, covered with leather or synthetic material. It is (or, rarely, ) in circumference. The game is officiated by one or more neutral umpires. Players and umpires are generally free to ask for a brief stoppage at any time when the ball is not in play (called a time out), or immediately following a play once its outcome is clear. The game is played in usually seven innings. Each inning is divided into a top half, in which the away team bats and tries to score runs, while the home team occupies the field and tries to record three outs; then a bottom half, when the teams' roles are reversed. Some leagues play with a reduced number of innings or with a time limit, rather than the traditional seven innings. To start play, the offense sends a batter to home plate. The batting order must be fixed at the start of the game, and players may not bat out of turn. The defense's pitcher stands atop the rubber and pitches the ball towards home plate using an underhand motion. In fast pitch, the pitcher is allowed to take one step back prior to releasing the ball during the forward movement. The batter attempts to hit the pitched ball with a bat, a long, round, smooth stick made of wood, metal or composite. If the pitcher throws three strikes against a batter, then the batter is out and the next batter in the order comes up to bat. A strike is recorded any time a batter swings at and misses a pitch or when a batter hits a ball foul (out of play). A strike is also recorded any time the batter does not swing at a pitch that crosses home plate within an area known as the strike zone. In fast pitch, to be within the strike zone, the pitch must cross over home plate, and as it crosses it must be above the knees and slightly below the shoulders (roughly the armpit or the shirt logo). The strike zone therefore varies from batter to batter. In slow pitch, the ball must land on a carpet or marked area behind the plate, therefore standardizing the strike zone. A pitch outside the strike zone is a ball. If the batter reaches four balls, the batter is awarded the first base in what is known as a "walk". The umpire behind home plate is the sole arbiter of balls and strikes. A foul ball may or may not result in a strikeout dependent upon what association and local league rules. However, bunting a foul ball does result in a strikeout. In some associations and leagues, bunting is not allowed and results in an out. Also, if a player has two strikes, swinging and partially hitting the ball can result in an out if the catcher manages to catch the tipped ball. The batter attempts to swing the bat and hit the ball fair (into the field of play). After a successful hit the batter becomes a base runner (or runner) and must run to first base. The defense attempts to field the ball and may throw the ball freely between players, so one player can field the ball while another moves to a position to put out the runner. The defense can tag the runner, by touching the runner with the ball while the runner is not on a base. The defense can also touch first base while in possession of the ball; in this case it is sufficient to beat the batter to first base and an actual tag of the batter is unnecessary. A runner is said to be "thrown out" when the play involves two or more defensive players. Runners generally cannot be put out when touching a base, but only one runner may occupy a base at any time and runners may not pass each other. When a ball is batted into play, runners generally must attempt to advance if there are no open bases behind them; for example, a runner on first base must run to second base if the batter puts the ball in play. In such a situation, the defense can throw to the base that the lead runner is attempting to take (a force out), and the defense can then also throw to the previous base. This can result in a multiple-out play: a double play is two outs, while a triple play, a very rare occurrence, is three outs. Runners with an open base behind them are not forced to advance and do so at their own risk; the defense must tag such runners directly to put them out rather than tagging the base. A ball hit in the air and caught before hitting the ground, in fair or foul territory, puts the batter out. A fly ball is a ball hit high and deep, a pop fly is a ball hit high but short, and a line drive is a ball hit close to the horizontal. After the catch, runners must return to their original bases; if the defense throws the ball to that base before the runner returns, the runner is out as well, resulting in a double play. A runner who remains on the base until the ball is touched, or returns to the base (tags up) after the catch, may try to advance to the next base, at the risk of being tagged out between bases. As in baseball, the infield fly rule applies in some game situations to prevent the defense from recording multiple force outs by deliberately dropping an easy catch. Offensive strategy is mostly just to hit the ball skillfully to let the batter reach base and advance other runners around the bases to score runs. The count of balls and strikes indicates how aggressive the batter should be. The offense may try to sacrifice, with the batter deliberately making an out in order to advance runners. Defensive strategy is more complex, as particular situations (number of outs and positions of base-runners) and particular batters call for different positioning of fielders and different tactical decisions. The defense may decide to allow a run if it can achieve one or multiple outs. Three games There are two rules codes for softball generally, slow-pitch softball and fast-pitch softball. However, a variant known as 16-inch softball is also played. Slow-pitch softball In the most common type, slow-pitch softball, the ball, which can measure either 11 inches, for a women's league, or 12 inches, for a men's league, in circumference, must arch on its path to the batter, and there are 10 players on the field at once. Bunting and stealing bases are not permitted. Fast-pitch softball In fast pitch softball, the pitch is fast, there are nine players on the field at one time, and while bunting and stealing bases are permitted, leading off is not. Fast pitch is the most common form of softball in some areas of the United States, such as Virginia. Sixteen-inch softball Sixteen-inch softball, a variant, is less common but remains a direct descendant of the original game created by George Hancock. Playing field The playing field is divided into 'fair territory' and 'foul territory'. Fair territory is further divided into the 'infield', and the 'outfield'. The field is defined by 'foul lines' that meet at a right angle at 'home plate'. The minimum length of the baselines varies classification of play (see below for official measurements). A fence running between the baselines defines the limits of the field; distance from home plate to the fence varies by field. The width of the field is the distance between the 'foul poles', which are erected where the foul lines meet the fence, and are about apart. Behind home plate is a 'backstop'. It must be between 25 and 30 feet (7.62 and 9.14 meters) behind home plate depending on the type of division that is playing. 'Home Plate' is one corner of a diamond with 'bases' at each corner. The bases other than home plate are 15 in (38 cm) square, of canvas or a similar material, and not more than 5 in (13 cm) thick. The bases are usually securely fastened to the ground. The bases are numbered counter clockwise as first base, second base, and third base. Often, but not always, outside first base (that is, in foul territory) and adjacent and connected to it, there is a contrast-colored "double base" or "safety base". It is intended to prevent collisions between the first baseman and the runner. The runner runs for the foul portion of the double base after hitting the ball while the fielding team tries to throw the ball to the regular first base before the runner reaches the safety base. However, not all softball diamonds have these safety bases and they are much more common in women's softball than in men's. The double base is required in ISF championships. The infield consists of the diamond and the adjacent space in which the infielders (see below) normally play. The outfield is the remaining space between the baselines and between the outfield fence and the infield. The infield is usually "skinned" (dirt), while the outfield has grass in regulation competitions. Near the center of the diamond is the pitching plate, or colloquially "rubber". In fast pitch, a skinned circle 16 feet (4.88 meters) in diameter known as the pitching circle is around the pitching plate. A field is officially required to have a warning track between 15 and 12 feet (5 and 4 meters) from the outfield fence. However, if the game is being played on a field larger than required, no warning track is required before the temporary outfield fencing. Located in foul territory outside both baselines are two coach's boxes. Each box is behind a line 15 feet (5 meters) long located 12 feet (3 meters) from each baseline. Official baseline dimensions Fast pitch pitching distances Slow pitch pitching distances Equipment Equipment required in softball includes a ball, a bat (composite, metal or wooden), gloves, uniforms and protective gear. For example, helmets for the offensive team and a helmet, shin guards, and chest protector for the defensive catcher. Also cleats, sliding shorts, face masks and knee sliders may be worn for softball. Ball Despite the sport's name, the ball is not soft at all. The size of the ball varies according to the classification of play; the permitted circumferences in international play are (), in mass between in fast pitch and adults and males 13 and older for slow pitch, (), mass between in slow pitch for females 18 and younger, and kids 12 and younger. For comparison, under the current rules of Major League Baseball, a baseball has a mass between , and is in circumference ( in diameter). A 12-inch circumference ball is generally used in slow pitch, although in rare cases some leagues (especially recreational leagues) do use a 14-inch circumference ball. Some balls have a raised seam, and others do not. The ball is most often covered in white or yellow leather in two pieces roughly the shape of a figure-8 and sewn together with red thread, although other coverings are permitted. The core of the ball may be made of long fiber kapok, or a mixture of cork and rubber, or a polyurethane mixture, or another approved material. Before 1993, white balls were standard at all levels of play. In that year, a new, optic-yellow colored ball first appeared in the NCAA; it has since become the official color of NCAA and NAIA softballs. Yellow softballs are fast becoming the standard for all levels of play for girls' and women's play as well. White balls are also still allowed, but are very uncommon today. 16-inch softball In Chicago, where softball was invented, it remains traditional to play with a ball in circumference. The fielders do not wear gloves or mitts. A 16" softball when new is rough and hard, with hand and finger injuries to fielders frequent if they do not "give" when receiving a ball, but the ball "breaks in" slightly during a game and continues to soften over time with continued play. A well-broken-in ball is called a mush ball and is favored for informal "pick-up" games and when playing in limited space, such as a city street (because the ball does not go as far). A 16-inch ball is also used for wheelchair softball. Bat The bat used by the batter can be made of wood, aluminum, or composite materials such as carbon fiber. Sizes may vary but they may be no more than long, in diameter, or in mass. The standard bat barrel diameter for both slow pitch and fast pitch softball is 2 inches. Many players prefer a smaller barrel, which reduces mass and allows higher swing speed. Although there are a variety of bats used, there are several that are banned due to performance enhancement. These bats are determined to be illegal by the Amateur Softball Association of America. For example, with a thinner wall, the ball recoils faster off the bat, allowing it to travel further. Major League Softball, played at Recreational Parks, include a variety of teams; Men's, Women's, Co-Ed. Each League has its own specific regulations with bats, but most must be approved by the Amateur Softball Association. Many bats may be "doctored" or "juiced" in a sense that they are end loaded, shaved and or painted. End loading of a cap refers to the addition of weight manually placed at the end of the barrel to distribute more weight at the tip. Shaving bats require machine use in order to remove the inner walls of the bat to improve elasticity. Lastly, painting bats is done because competitors purchase "illegal" bats that are dangerous and hazardous to the opposing team. These three "doctored" and "juiced" techniques are banned from Leagues, but are still done today. Gloves All defensive players wear fielding gloves, made of leather or similar material. Gloves have webbing between the thumb and forefinger, known as the "pocket". No part of the glove is allowed to be the same color as that of the ball, including that of its seams. Pitchers are also not allowed to have any white on their gloves including the seams. It is up to the umpire's discretion if he or she believes that any coloring on the glove interferes with or hinders the batter from seeing the ball clearly. Gloves used in softball are larger than the ones used in baseball. No glove larger than can be used in ASA (American Softball Association) sanctioned play. While extremely rare in recreational play, there are sometimes different size gloves for different positions on the field. Catchers and 1st baseman have what is called a mitt, whose pockets are larger than other gloves. These are more padded. An outfielder's glove is smaller than the catcher's, typically 12 inches to 13 inches for fast pitch softball or 12 to 15 inches for slow pitch. An infielder's glove is the smallest, typically from 11.5 inches to 13 inches. A pitcher's glove is typically 11.5 to 12.5 inches for fast pitch or 11.5 to 13 inches for slow pitch. However, in recreational and church leagues, these sizing rules do not apply, and everyone wears their own glove at a size that fits their hand. Uniform Each team wears a distinctive uniform. The uniform may include a cap, a shirt displaying team colors and the players' number, sliding undershorts/compression shorts (optional), socks, and pants/athletic shorts. The team is required to have all of its members wear the same uniform. Caps, visors, and headbands are optional for female players, and have to be the same color. Caps are mandatory for male players. A fielder who chooses to wear a helmet or face mask is not required to wear a cap. Many players use "sliding shorts", otherwise known as compression shorts in other sports. These can be outfitted with a pouch for fitting a protective cup for male players. These shorts also help to protect the upper thigh when sliding into a base. "Sliders" may also be worn for similar protection. These are somewhat padded shinguards that extend usually from the ankle to the knee of the wearer and wrap all the way around the leg(s). They protect the shin, calf, etc. from getting bruised or damaged while sliding into home plate and make it much more comfortable to slide into the plate. Some male players use long, baseball-style pants. However, some female players now wear a shorter version of baseball pants. At the back of the uniform, an Arabic numeral from numbers 0 through 99 must be visible. Numbers such as 02 and 2 are considered identical. Also, on the back of the uniforms players' names are optional. All players are required to wear shoes. They may have cleats or spikes. The spikes must extend less than away from the sole. Rounded metal spikes are illegal, as are ones made from hard plastic or other synthetic materials. High school athletes are sometimes permitted to wear metal cleats, such as in Ohio. Many recreational leagues prohibit the use of metal cleats or spikes to reduce the possible severity of injuries when a runner slides feet-first into a fielder. At all youth (under 15) levels, in co-ed (the official terminology for mixed teams) slow pitch, and in modified pitch, metal spikes are usually not allowed. Protective equipment A helmet must have two ear flaps, one on each side. Helmets and cages that are damaged or altered are forbidden. Helmets must be worn by batters and runners. In NCAA fastpitch softball, players have the option to wear a helmet with or without a face mask. Most female travel ball teams for fastpitch softball require the batter to wear a helmet with a face mask. In male fastpitch masks are generally only used for medical reasons. In fastpitch, the catcher must wear a protective helmet with a face-mask and throat protector, shin guards and body protector. Shin guards also protect the kneecap. In slow pitch, the catcher must wear a helmet, chest protector and mask at youth levels. At adult levels, there is no formal requirement for the catcher to wear a mask, although the official rules recommend it. A catcher may optionally wear a body protector in adult slow pitch. While mandatory for the pitcher in some slow pitch leagues, there is an option to wear a face mask on the field. It is recommended in lower age groups. It must be in proper condition and not damaged, altered, or the like. This is intended to prevent facial injuries. "Baseball and softball are the primary causes of severe sports-related eye injury in Indiana and in most over state." (Ronald Davis, M.D., professor of ophthalmology at Indiana University) Umpires Decisions about plays are made by umpires, similar to a referee in American football. The number of umpires on a given game can range from a minimum of one to a maximum of seven. There is never more than one "plate umpire"; there can be up to three "base umpires", and up to a further three umpires positioned in the outfield. Most fastpitch games use a crew of two umpires (one plate umpire, one base umpire). Official umpires are often nicknamed "blue", because of their uniforms – in many jurisdictions, most significantly ISF, NCAA and ASA games, umpires wear navy blue slacks, a light powder blue shirt, and a navy baseball cap. Some umpires wear a variant of the uniform: some umpires in ASA wear heather gray slacks and may also wear a navy blue shirt; umpires from the USSSA wear red shirts with grey slacks; National Softball Association (NSA) umpires wear an official NSA white-colored umpire shirt with black pants or black shorts; NSA fastpitch umpires wear the white NSA umpires shirt and heather gray slacks. Decisions are usually indicated by both the use of hand signals, and by vocalizing the call. Safe calls are made by signaling with flat hands facing down moving away from each other, and a verbal call of "safe". Out calls are made by raising the right hand in a clenched fist, with a verbal call of "out". Strikes are called by the plate umpire, who uses the same motion as the out call with a verbal call of "strike". Balls are only called verbally, with no hand gesture. The umpire also has the option of not saying anything on a ball. It is understood that when he stands up, the pitch was not a strike. Foul balls are called by extending both arms up in the air with a verbal call of "foul ball", while fair balls are indicated only by pointing towards fair territory with no verbal call. No signal is given for balls that are obviously foul and for closer calls that are not borderline; a mere acknowledgement signal is given. All decisions made by the umpire(s) are considered to be final. Only decisions where a rule might have been misinterpreted are considered to be protestable. At some tournaments there might be a rules interpreter or Tournament Chief Umpire (TCU) (also known as the Umpire In Chief, or UIC) available to pass judgment on such protests, but it is usually up to the league or association involved to decide if the protest would be upheld. Protests are never allowed on what are considered "judgment calls" – balls, strikes, and fouls. Gameplay A softball game can last anywhere from 3 to 7 innings, or 1–2 hours depending on the league, rules, and type of softball. The teams take turns batting. Officially, which team bats first is decided by a coin toss, although a league may decide otherwise at its discretion. The most common rule is that the home team bats second. Batting second is also called "last at-bat". Many softball players prefer to bat second because they feel they have more control in the last inning, since they have the last at-bat. In the event of a tie, extra innings are usually played until the tie is broken except in certain tournaments and championships. If the home team is leading and the road team has just finished its half of the seventh inning, the game ends because it is not necessary for the home team to bat again. In all forms of softball, the defensive team is the fielding team; the offensive team is at bat or batting and is trying to score runs. Pitching Play often, but not always, begins with the umpire saying "Play Ball". After the batter is ready and all fielders (except the catcher) are in fair territory at their respective positions, the pitcher stands at the pitching plate and attempts to throw the ball past the batter to the catcher behind home plate. The throw, or pitch, must be made with an underhand motion. The pitcher throws the ball in or around the "strike zone". However, in advanced play pitcher and catcher play a psychological game trying to get the batter to guess where the next pitch is going and if it will be a strike. In other instances, such as when an extremely powerful hitter comes up to bat and they are followed by a weaker hitter, a pitcher may deliberately walk the first batter based on the calculation that the next batter will be an easy out. The strike zone is slightly different in different forms of softball. A pitch that passes through that zone is a "strike". A pitch at which the batter swings is also a strike, as is any hit ball that lands in foul territory that is not caught out. A pitch that is not a strike and at which the batter does not swing is known as a "ball". The number of balls and strikes is called the "count". The number of balls is always given first, as 2 and 1, 2 and 2, and so on. A count of 3 and 2 is a "full count" since the next ball or strike will end the batter's turn at the plate unless the ball goes foul. Slow pitch and 16 inch In 16-inch softball, as well as a number of varieties of slow pitch, the pitch is lobbed so that the ball rises above the batter's head and lands on a small rectangular area on the ground behind the plate. These restrictions make it much easier to put the ball into play and extremely difficult to use pitching as a defensive strategy, as the physics of projectile motion limit how fast a ball can be thrown under such conditions and still be called a strike to a speed much slower than a traditionally thrown ball. Umpires will make calls based on where the ball lands behind the plate. A pitch-in "the well" (pictured) is considered a perfect pitch. In other varieties of slow pitch (sometimes known as "modified"), the only restriction is that the windmill cannot be used; thus the pitching arm cannot be raised above the shoulder and both the wind-up and the release must be underhand, still allowing for moderate speed and control in pitching. Fast pitch For fastpitch softball, the traditional pitching style is a "windmill" motion, extending the arm over the body and releasing the ball at about hip level at maximum speeds. Strength acquired in the underhand windmill motion is based on the open to close hip motion. Without correct form and hip movement, pitches can be inaccurate and can lose strength and speed. In girls' fastpitch, 12U up to 18U level can throw between 30 mph and 65 mph, or more. The fastest pitch ever recorded was at 77 mph by Monica Abbott on June 16, 2012. Speed is not always the most important factor in fastpitch softball. Pitchers can throw balls that curve inwards (screwball) and outwards (curveball) on right-handed batters. Curves may be thrown on the outside or off of the plate or inside off the plate moving into the strike zone. There are also riseballs that break upwards frequently starting in the strike zone and ending above it. Riseballs may be thrown low in the zone and move higher in the zone or even below the zone and move into it. Drop balls and drop curves (to cause the batter to miss or hit groundballs; this is important at the higher levels where strikeouts occur less often). The other common pitches are change-up and fastballs. A change of pace (off-speed) is also very important, good pitchers will be able to throw all their pitches at varying speeds and possibly even different pitching motions. Pitchers use deception as a primary tactic for getting batters out as the reaction times are approximately half a second or less. There is also an illegal form of pitching known as "crow-hopping". A "crow hop" occurs when the pitcher pushes with the pivot foot from somewhere other than the pitching plate. This often involves jumping from the pitching plate and replanting somewhere in front of the pitching plate. For an illegal pitch, the umpire extends his left arm straight out to the side and clenches his fist. This results in a ball being awarded to the batter, and any runners on base advancing to the next base. If the batter swings at the pitch that is deemed illegal and puts the ball in play, the offense is given the option to accept the results of the play or accept the penalty listed previously (exception: if the play results in the batter and any runners all advancing at least one base, the play stands and no option is given). The image to the right demonstrates a legal pitch as the push-off foot has not left the ground. The ball must be released simultaneously with the lead leg step. At higher levels of play, pitchers aim for the inner and outer corners of the plate when throwing fastballs and moving pitches. Pitchers also vary the location of the pitch by height to make hitting the ball even harder for the individual up at-bat. Similarly, both the dropball and the riseball are pitches that change heights. To the batter, the dropball appears to be coming in level but then as the ball reaches the plate, the pitch drops, trying to force the batter to hit the top of the ball. This should result in the batter missing or hitting a groundball. When pitchers throw riseballs, batters see the ball coming in straight, but as the ball approaches the plate, it rises. Frequently the purpose of the riseball is to have the batter attempt to chase a ball which ends up out of the strike zone and is either missed entirely or hit as an easy pop-fly. Another pitch that breaks at the last minute is the curveball. When pitchers throw curveballs they snap their wrist and follow their arm across their body, making the ball curve to the outside of the plate. There is also something called the inside curve where ball start off the plate on the inside and curves into the strike zone. The inside curve is frequently thrown at the batter's hands so as to jam them forcing a foul hit. Pitchers can also make the ball curve or screw to the inside of the plate. The one pitch that drastically changes speed is the changeup, disrupting the batter's timing. Pitchers also throw knuckleballs which are generally slower and move erratically. Pitches may reach high speeds: At the 1996 Summer Olympics one pitch reached . Male pitching can reach speeds around . To compare, MLB players average around 90 mph but can reach speeds up to 100 mph. There are various types of pitches. Some are the fastball, changeup, dropball, riseball, screwball, curveball, dropcurve, dropchange. Batters The offensive team sends one "batter" at a time to home plate to use the bat to try to hit the pitch forward into fair territory. The order the players bat in, known as the "batting order", must stay the same throughout the game. Substitutes and replacements must bat in the same position as the player they are replacing. In co-ed, male and female batters must alternate. The batter stands facing the pitcher inside a "batter's box" (there is one on each side of the plate to compensate for either right- or left-handed batters). The bat is held with both hands, over the shoulder, and away from the pitcher (90-degree angle). The ball is usually hit with a full swinging motion in which the bat may move through more than 360 degrees. The batter usually steps forward with the front foot, the body weight shifts forward, as the batter simultaneously swings the bat. A bunt is another form of batting. There are different types, including a sacrifice bunt, or slap bunt. There is also regular slapping in which a batter takes position on the left side of the plate and usually stands in the back of the box, but it is possible form anywhere. The batter takes a step back with their leading foot as the pitcher is in the middle of the windup, crosses over with their back foot and runs toward first base while they swing. There are many different types of slapping and they all vary depending on the batter and their strengths. There are half swing slaps, fake slaps, and full swing slaps. Each type of slap has a different purpose or goal. No matter what way the batter hits the ball, they must be inside the batter's box when the bat makes contact with the ball. If the batter steps out of the box while swinging, the batter is out. Once the ball is hit into fair territory, the runner must try to advance to first base or beyond. While running to first base, the batter is a "batter-runner". When she safely reaches first (see below) she becomes a "base-runner" or "runner". A batted ball hit high in the air is a "fly ball". A fly ball hit upward at an angle greater than 45 degrees is a "pop fly". A batted ball driven in the air through the infield at a height at which an infielder could play it if in the right position is a "line drive". A batted ball which hits the ground within the diamond is a "ground ball". If a batted ball hits a player or a base, it is considered to have hit the ground. A batter can also advance to first if hit by the pitch. If a batter is hit by the pitch it is a dead ball and she is rewarded first base. She must make an attempt to get out of the way and it is the umpire's judgmental call whether the batter attempted to move. If he feels the batter could have moved and avoided getting hit he or she will not reward the batter first base and the pitch will be recorded as a ball. Getting the batter out The batter is out if: the batter accrues three strikes (a "strikeout"); a ball hit by the batter is caught before touching the ground (a "flyout"); the batter goes to a base that is already tagged ("tagged" or "tag play"); a fielder holding the ball touches a base which is the only base towards which the batter may run before the batter arrives there (a "force out" or "force play"); or in certain special circumstances. There is also a not so common occurrence when the batter has two strikes and swings at strike three. If the catcher doesn't catch the ball, the batter has the chance to run to first base and the catcher can throw the batter out at first base. Advancing around the bases If the player hits the ball and advances to a base without a fielding error or an out being recorded, then that is called a "base hit". The bases must be reached in order counterclockwise, starting with first base. After hitting the ball the batter may advance as many bases as possible. An advance to first base on the one hit is a "single", to second base is a "double", to third base is a "triple", and to home plate is a "home run". Home runs are usually scored by hitting the ball over the outfield fence, but may be scored on a hit which does not go over the fence. A home run includes any ball that bounces off a fielder and goes over the fence in fair-territory (depending upon association and local league rules) or that hits the foul pole. If a batted ball bounces off a fielder (in fair territory) and goes over the fence in foul territory, or if it goes over the fence at a location that is closer than the official distance, the batter is awarded a double instead. If a runner becomes entitled to the base where another runner is standing, the latter runner must advance to the next base. For example, if a player hits the ball and there is a runner on first, the runner on first must try to advance to second because the batter-runner is entitled to first base. If the batter reaches first base without being put out, then that player can then be forced to run towards second base the next time a ball is driven into fair territory. That is because the player must vacate first base to allow the next batter to reach it, and consequently can only go to second base, where a force out may be recorded. Runners may advance at risk to be put out: on a hit by another player; after a fly ball has been caught, provided the player was touching a base at the time the ball was first touched or after; or (in fastpitch) automatically, when a pitch is delivered illegally. Runners advance without liability to be put out: when a walk advances another player to the runner's current base; or automatically in certain special circumstances described below. In the recent years, the NCAA rules changed when concerning the batters feet while in the box. The rule now states that as long as any part of the batter's foot is in the box the ball will stay live. It is not until the batter's entire foot is out of the box, that the play will be declared dead and the batter called out. The SEC (college ball), however, claims that if any part of the batter's foot is out of the box when she makes contact, she is out and the play is dead. Special circumstances If there is a "wild throw" (or "overthrow") in which the ball goes out of the designated play area, each runner is awarded two bases from the last base touched at the time of the throw. Retreating past a made base, negates the advance to that base. If a fielder intentionally carries a ball out of play, two bases are awarded from the time the ball leaves the field of play. If this is unintentional (fielder's momentum), the award is one base. If on a tag play, the fielder loses control (after establishing control) of the ball and it leaves the field of play, one base is awarded. If there is a "wild pitch" in which the ball goes out of the designated play area, each runner is awarded one base from the base occupied at the time of the pitch. In fastpitch, runners may try to steal bases by running to the next base on the pitch and reaching it before being tagged with the ball. The point at which a runner can steal a base varies. In fastpitch, the runner is allowed to begin stealing a base when the ball is released from the "windmill" pitching motion, but until recently, stealing was forbidden in slow pitch because a runner has the opportunity to get a larger head start while the slow pitch is making its way to the batter. As a result of rule changes initiated by the Independent Softball Association which later made its way to the Amateur Softball Association and the International Softball Federation in the 21st century, most levels of slow pitch permit stealing bases, provided the runner starts when the ball either touches the ground or crosses the plate. This rule encourages pitchers to be more responsible with the pitch and catchers to play defense, as balls which miss the catcher are now grounds to have stolen bases. No matter what level of play, all baserunners must keep one foot on a base until the pitcher throws the ball or until the ball crosses the front edge of home plate (depends on association). In fastpitch, if the catcher drops strike three (a "passed ball") with no less than two outs, the batter can attempt to run to first base if first base is unoccupied. The catcher must then attempt to throw the ball to first base ahead of the runner. If he or she cannot, the runner is safe. With two outs, the batter can attempt to run to first whether or not it is already occupied. Depending on the league in slow pitch only a foul ball with two strikes on the batter means the batter is out. Stealing in 16-inch softball is severely restricted, as a runner may only steal the base in front of them if it is open, and if they are thrown at, à la pickoff move or snap throw. This results in many inexperienced players being thrown or doubled off when they attempt to advance on a wild pickoff at another baserunner. Scoring runs A "run" is scored when a player has touched all four bases in order, proceeding counterclockwise around them. They need not be touched on the same play; a batter may remain safely on a base while play proceeds and attempt to advance on a later play. A run is not scored if the last out is a force out or occurs during the same play that the runner crosses home plate. For instance, if a runner is on third base prior to a hit, and he or she crosses home plate after an out is made, either on the batter or another runner, the run is not counted. Ending the game The team with the most runs after seven innings wins the game. The last (bottom) half of the seventh inning or any remaining part of the seventh inning is not played if the team batting second is leading. If the game is tied, play usually continues until a decision is reached, by using the international tie-breaker rule or if time is expired the score would be just tied. Starting in the top of the last inning, the batting team starts with a base-runner on second base, which is the player who is the last available to bat (in other words, the batter who last took their position in the batter's box; regardless whether they were the last out or another runner was put out). In games where one team leads by a large margin, the run ahead rule may come into play in order to reduce any potential embarrassment of weaker teams. In fastpitch and modified pitch, a margin of 15 runs after 3 innings, 10 after 4, or 7 after 5 is sufficient for the leading team to be declared the winner. In slow pitch, the margin is 20 runs after 4 innings or 15 after 5 innings. In the NCAA, the required margin after 5 innings is 8 runs. The mercy rule takes effect at the end of an inning. Thus, if the team batting first is ahead by enough runs for the rule to come into effect, the team batting second has their half of the inning to narrow the margin. A game may be lost due to a "forfeit". A score of 7–0 for the team not at fault is recorded (generally one run is awarded for each inning that would have been played). A forfeit may be called due to any of these circumstances: if a team does not show up to play; if one side refuses to continue play; if a team fails to resume play after a suspension of play ends; if a team uses tactics intended to unfairly delay or hasten the game; if a player removed from the game does not leave within one minute of being instructed to do so; if a player that cannot play enters the game and one pitch has been thrown; if a team does not have, for whatever reason, enough players to continue; or if after warning by the umpire, a player continues to intentionally break the rules of the game. This last rule is rarely enforced as players who break rules after being warned are usually removed. The plate umpire may suspend play because of darkness or anything that puts players or spectators in danger. If five innings have been played, the game is recorded as it stands. This includes ties. If fewer than four innings have been played, the game is not considered a "regulation" game. Games that are not regulation or are regulation ties are resumed from the point of suspension. If it is a championship game, it is replayed from the beginning. Team rosters may be changed. Positions There are nine players out on the field at one time in fastpitch softball and 10 players in slow-pitch softball. Although the pitcher and catcher have the ball the most, each person has a specific job. In the infield there is the pitcher, catcher, first baseman, second baseman, shortstop, and third baseman. In the outfield there is a left fielder, center fielder, and right fielder. In slow-pitch softball there is an extra outfielder in the outfield, who is specified as a roamer or rover. Normally, the defensive team will play with four outfielders, meaning there is a left fielder, left-center fielder, right-center fielder, and right fielder. The recent trend with tournament and league slow pitch softball play is to field 5 infielders instead of 4 outfielders. The extra infielder is commonly placed behind the pitcher on either side of 2nd base. Designated player In fastpitch softball, it is common for teams to use a designated player in the lineup; this player, which functions like the designated hitter in baseball, hits in place of one of the position players but does not play defense. Unlike a designated hitter, a designated player can also become a temporary defensive substitute, and the player substituted by the designated player can return to their original position at a later point in the game. However, the only player that can be substituted as an offensive replacement (pinch runner or pinch hitter) is the defensive player the designated player originally replaced, known as the "flex." At any time, the designated player can be substituted back into the lineup in the place of the flex player, but once taken out, the designated player cannot take the place of any other player in the lineup. Pitcher The pitcher is the individual who throws the ball from the middle of the diamond. As in baseball, fastpitch softball has a rubber used to control the pitchers delivery. A pitcher must have both feet on the rubber at the start of their delivery but neither foot is on the rubber when the ball is released. In baseball, the rubber is on a mound of dirt as gravity is used to generate speed. In softball, the pitchers throw from within a circle and the rubber in the circle is not elevated. The circle is also used to control base runners. When the pitcher is in possession of the ball in the circle, a runner who has passed a base must either advance or return to the base. They cannot "bait" the pitcher to throw or they will be called out. The pitcher tries to throw the ball in the strike zone. In order to do that, they start while having the ball in their glove, they throw their arms behind their hips, they shoot forwards with their leg, which is on the same side as their glove, and leave their glove hand there and the other arm goes around the shoulder, bends the elbow, and turns their wrist toward the 3rd baseman, and brings their arm through at the end, flicks their wrist, (which affects the ball's speed, spin and subsequent motion), and brings the arm up, with the hand by their shoulder. They follow through with their legs turning their pitching stance into a fielding stance. They try to release the ball when they go past their hips. In softball, the pitcher uses an underarm motion to pitch the ball towards the strike zone. As soon as the pitcher makes a throw, the fielders are ready to field balls that are hit in the middle of the diamond. Pitchers usually tend to be tall, very flexible and have good upper body strength. Pitchers can be righthanded or lefthanded. The softball pitcher makes a windmill motion while throwing underhand, unlike baseball pitchers who throw overhand. Catcher The catcher is normally behind home plate in a squatted position (some plays may require the catcher to stand at an angle for intentional walks). At the plate the catcher is responsible for catching pitches, keeping mispitched balls in front of the plate, calling pitches that are normally done through hand signals, picking off runners, and they are considered the leaders of the field. Catchers must know how many outs there are, the number of strikes and balls on the batter so they can relay that to their teammates. They must also know how many runners are on base and where the ball should be thrown next in the following play. Catchers are strong, need to be smart and quick on their feet, and have accurate throws so they can pick runners off at each base. Catchers should be able to have strong and muscular legs to squat for a long period of time. The gear worn by a catcher protects them from balls thrown in the dirt or wild pitches. The catcher is allowed to take off his/her mask to catch a pop fly or to watch the play. First baseman The first baseman is the position to the left side of the diamond when facing home plate. The major role of the first baseman is to receive throws from other defensive players in order to get a force play at first base. Another role they play is to make fielding plays on all balls hit towards first base. The first baseman is usually involved in every play that occurs on the field. Individuals at first base have quick hands and good reach, and are always on the lookout to catch the player off base. They are also generally taller and left-handed throwing, which gives them an extended reach. First basemen however, can be both left- and right-handed. Just like the catcher, first basemen may wear specific first base mitts, usually having a longer web allowing them to reach the taller throws over their head. Second baseman The second baseman plays in between the first baseman and second base itself, usually closer to second base. If the ball is hit to the left side of the field, the second baseman covers second base. If the ball is hit to right-field or center field, they become the cut-off for the center fielder or the right fielder depending who the ball was hit to. If the ball is hit to the first baseman, the second baseman then is responsible for covering first. If the ball is hit to the second baseman, they either throw the ball to second if there was already a player on first, or they throw to first if there was nobody on. If there is a runner on first and the person up to bat hits the ball to the shortstop or the third baseman, the second baseman is in charge of covering second to receive the throw from the shortstop or third baseman. Then, depending where the runner is between home and first, the second baseman makes the decision to throw the ball to first or to hold the ball. Also, in the case of a bunt, the second baseman must cover first as the first baseman runs to get the ball from the bunt, then it is often thrown back to first base. Shortstop The shortstop fields all balls hit to the infield between the second and third bases. This individual also helps cover second and third bases, is frequently involved in force plays and double plays, and often throws the ball to the catcher to throw out runners at home plate. On steals to second base (when the runner from first is advancing to second on the pitch) the shortstop usually covers. The shortstop doesn't cover second base only when a right-handed batter is up. In this case, the second baseman covers the steal. Most shortstops are very quick, agile and think fast. Shortstops may play in a restricted zone but are faced with many types of hits and interact closely with the 2nd base, 3rd base and home plate. Often double plays are due to quick thinking/reaction by the shortstop. When a ball is hit up the middle and the shortstop catches it, they will flip the ball to the second baseman for the best result. Shortstop also takes the cut off for the left field when the play is at second base. When the ball is hit to the right side of the outfield, the shortstop then covers second base. If there is a runner on first base and there is a hit down the line or in the gap to right field, the shortstop will then go for the cut to third. Meaning the runner that is going from first to second will most likely be advancing to third, and in that case, the shortstop will be the cut off for the throw from right field to third base. Shortstop can be one of the most difficult positions to play due to the number of balls being hit in that direction. Third baseman The third baseman is the position on the right side of the diamond when you are facing home plate. They are responsible for fielding all balls hit their way including bunts. In fact, the third baseman fields more bunts than a pitcher and first baseman do. Third base is also called the "Hot Corner" because the ball can pop off the bat at the fielder very fast. Third baseman must have great reflexes and be very quick on their feet because not only to they need to be quick to field a bunt but also if they are unable to predict whether the batter will bunt or hit, a ball that is hit may be a line drive to the face. It also helps if they can run fast but it isn't a requirement. A third baseman must have a very strong arm so that they can throw a runner out from across the diamond. Any ball that the third baseman can get, they should. They will have more momentum towards first base when fielding the ball than a shortstop. They are also closer to first base when they cut off a slower ground ball towards shortstop. Third baseman are responsible for covering third base at all times unless the ball is hit to them. In that instance, the shortstop is responsible for third base. Third baseman must be smart, have great reflexes, have a strong accurate arm, and be quick with their hands. Outfielders The outfielders are players that cover the grassy area behind the infield. Outfielders are named for their positions in the field relative to home plate. Traditional outfield positions include a left fielder, a center fielder, and a right fielder. Each player has a specific job as being an outfielder. Right fielder The right fielder's position is on the right side of the field, in the opening between the 1st and 2nd basemen, when looking at the field from behind home plate. The right fielder is part of a group of two other fielders that make up the outfield. The right fielder has a multitude of jobs over the course of a softball game. Generally, outfielders act as a back-up to the infielders when they make plays or if the ball is hit past the infield. Right field has a particular job of covering the area behind first base if the ball is to be thrown in that area. Right field is meant to cover this area if the ball gets past the first baseman. This will prevent base-runners from advancing to unwanted bases. Traditionally in the game of softball, the right fielder will have the strongest arm out of the two other outfielders. The right fielder must have the strongest arm because they have the furthest possibility to throw the ball. A right fielder will throw the ball to each base more than the other outfielders will because of their position in respect to the bases. Center fielder The center fielder's position is in the middle of the outfield directly behind second base when looking at the field from behind home plate. The center fielder is part of a group of two other fielders that make up the outfield. Center fielders technically serve as the "captains" of the outfield. They are and should be the most vocal in effectively communicating with their outfielders. Since the outfielders are further apart from each other, it can be hard to hear each other. The center fielder covers the area behind second base if the ball is going to be thrown in that direction. By covering this area, if the ball does get past the infielder, the center fielder can prevent base-runners from advancing to unwanted bases. Within the game of softball, the center fielder is traditionally the fastest of the three outfielders. The center fielder needs to be the quickest because of the large area of field they must cover. Besides being a quick player, the center fielder must have a strong throwing arm because of the distance between the player and home plate. Left fielder The left fielder's position is on the left side of the outfield behind the third baseman when looking at the field from behind home plate. The left fielder is part of a group of two other fielders that make up the outfield. Generally, outfielders act as a back-up to the infielders when they make plays or if the ball is hit past the infield. The left fielder must field their position, but also cover the area behind third base if a ball is thrown or hit in that direction. The left fielder covers this area in the case that the ball will pass the infielders. The left fielder can then prevent the base runner from advancing to unwanted bases. Besides covering certain areas of the field, the left fielder must be the smartest of the outfielders. In the left field position, the player has full view of the field, the players, the base-runners, and the batter. The left fielder must constantly be aware of the situation on the field and know what must be done in different circumstances. More advanced levels require the left fielder to be able to field the ball during "slap hit" situations by playing shallow. Left fielders must also play a role in any run down situation between third base and home plate or back up any plays that happen at third base in case of an overthrow. Short fielder In some leagues and organizations, four outfield players are utilized by each team. The extra outfielder is sometimes called the short fielder and plays somewhere behind second base, adjusting position based on the handedness or other characteristics of the batter, while the regular center fielder plays a considerably deeper position. The short fielder used as such can take away a batting strategy in softball, which is to hit soft liners over the pitcher. However, some teams prefer to use the fourth outfielder like the others, with the center field position being shared between two players known as the left-center fielder and the right-center fielder. In this case the four outfielders are spaced equidistantly and play at roughly the same depth. Recreational play Types of leagues It is estimated that 14.62 million Americans played at least one game of softball during the spring of 2015. It is played by men and women both recreationally and competitively. Softball is especially popular as a recreational activity for adults. Leagues for such play are often characterized as either "fun leagues", in which the outdoor exercise and player camaraderie is more important than the final result, or "serious leagues". The distinction is not absolute and there can be gradations within each. Softball teams are often organized around groups of employees who play in the early evening after work in the summer. In many US cities, adult softball teams are organized by bars and clubs, hence the popular term "beer league" softball. The teams can be men's, women's or co-ed, and skill levels can range from novice to elite, with league composition reflecting that. These leagues are typically either slow-pitch or modified. Co-ed recreational leagues, where men and women play on the same team, generally have provisions to keep men from dominating the game. League rules may stipulate that there must be an equal number of men and women on the team, or that batting order alternate male and female batters. Some leagues only require three women to play but they must be present on the field at all times. Others will allow a game to proceed when a team does not have the requisite number of women available but charge the batting team with an automatic out whenever the missing woman's place in the batting order comes up. Modification of rules One reason for the popularity of softball is the ease of modification of its rules, thereby allowing the game to be adapted to a variety of skill levels. For example, in some slow pitch softball leagues a batter starts at bat with a count of one ball one strike. In some leagues, the number of home runs that can be hit by a team are limited. In other leagues, stealing of bases is prohibited. Some groups allow for a more defensive game by making home plate a force out for first base. This reduces scoring evenly on both sides, and allows for some margin of error. Co-ed leagues sometimes adopt live-play rules intended to reduce gender inequality, under the assumption that men will be generally more powerful. In most co-ed or mixed gender leagues there is something called an encroachment line. This requires the outfielders to stay behind a line till the ball is hit. If an outfielder passes in front of this line before the female batter hits a fair ball, the batter will receive a single base or the result of the play, and the base runners will advance accordingly. The line will be 180 feet from home plate. One possible rule requires male batters to "switch hit". Some leagues even use different balls for male and female batters. While these modified rules are common, there are questions as to their place in modern adult sports. Some leagues require teams to use limited flight softballs. These softballs, when hit, will not go as far as regular softballs. Other leagues limit the number of runs which can be scored in an inning. Five is a common limit. By allowing these and other modifications, softball can be enjoyed by children, teenagers, and adults. Senior leagues with players over the age of 60 are not uncommon. An example of a rule modification is the "offensive pitcher" (or "self pitch") often found in informal games where the emphasis is on the social rather than the competitive aspects of the game. The pitcher aids the batter by attempting to give the easiest pitch to hit. There are no walks, and a batter is normally given a fixed number of pitches to attempt to hit (usually 3 or 4). The batter is considered to strike out if the batter fails to hit the ball into fair territory after the given number of pitches. The pitcher does not act as a fielder, and a rule is often made that if a batted ball touches the pitcher, the batter is out. In some leagues the number of pitches to walk or strikeout can be reduced. For instance, one strike is an out, and two balls is a walk. This is common in leagues where doubleheaders are played, or in late season leagues when reduced daylight is an issue. It results in shorter games, as players are more apt to swing, even at marginal pitches, rather than risk striking out on one pitch. Many leagues also include a second first base immediately adjacent to the main one. This is usually orange and the batter running through first base is supposed to run straight through it. This minimizes the chances of a collision. By the same token some leagues have an alternate home plate and rule that plays at home are always force plays. In these cases there is typically a white line drawn approximately 1/3 of the way down the baseline that is considered a point of no return. This is designed to reduce the "Pickle" which can put a great strain on the ankles and knees of older baserunners. Indoor play Despite the fact that it was originally intended to be played indoors, softball is usually played outdoors. The indoor form is sometimes called Arena Softball. Indoor softball has generally the same rules as outdoor softball. Only the wall behind the batter is considered foul territory. The other walls are considered fair. Usually, there is a small area on one of the walls in the outfield that results in a home run being awarded if the batted ball hits it. Pitching is generally a little slower because of the indoor turf, or pitched through a pitching machine at younger levels. There is no limit to the number of batters a team may have available, although only so many can bat in one inning. Some indoor facilities do not allow the use of metal cleats on the field, which are what players at the age of 14 and up generally use. Also, some tournaments may require a time limit for games. Pitch In softball, a pitch is the act of throwing a softball toward home plate to start a play. The phases of throwing include the grip, stance, windup, stride, release and follow through. Pitchers throw a variety of pitches, each of which has a slightly different velocity, trajectory, movement, hand position, wrist position and/or arm angle. These variations are introduced to confuse the batter in various ways, and ultimately aid the defensive team in getting the batter or baserunners out. To obtain variety, and therefore enhance defensive baseball strategy, the pitcher manipulates the grip on the ball at the point of release. Variations in the grip cause the seams to "catch" the air differently, thereby changing the trajectory of the ball, making it harder for the batter to hit. The selection of which pitch to use can depend on a wide variety of factors including the type of hitter who is being faced; whether there are any base runners; how many outs have been made in the inning; and the current score. Signaling The responsibility for selecting the type of pitch is traditionally made by the catcher by relaying hand signals to the pitcher with the fingers. In more advanced play, coaches may give signs to batters and/or runners to initiate special plays in certain situations. A catcher may signal to a position player that they will be trying to throw the runner out. A runner on base may see the pitch sign given by the catcher and hint it to the batter using hand or body motions. Pitching styles The ISF recognizes three pitching styles: fastpitch "modified" fastpitch slowpitch Pitching styles of fastpitch softball The pitching distance can range between 35 feet for younger players and 43 feet for older players. Collegiate and international level pitchers pitch from 43 feet. Pitches can travel at speeds of more than 65 mph. Windmill or "Full-windmill" - The pitcher begins with her arm at the hip. Then she brings the ball in a circular motion over the head, completes the circle back down at the hip, and snaps the hand. Figure 8 - The ball is not brought over the head at all but down and behind the body and back in one smooth motion tracing out a figure eight. illegal forms of pitching "crow-hopping" "leaping" Pitching style of "modified" fastpitch softball "modified" windmill - A "modified" fastpitch is identical to a "windmill" pitch except the arm is not brought over the head in a full windmill motion, but instead is brought behind the body (restricted back swing) and is then thrust directly forward for the release. Pitching style of slowpitch softball The pitching distance is 50 feet. The pitch must be lofted in such a way that it falls onto the plate in order for it to be a called strike (the ball falls into the strike-zone instead of flying through). Strikeouts are rare in slowpitch. Pitchers strategize to pitch the ball with a high enough arc that the batter cannot hit a line-drive. The speed of the pitches ranges from 25 to 35 mph, resulting in plenty of reaction time. half windmill - High-arc pitching technique - The pitch must be thrown with an arc between 6-12 feet high. If the arc is not high enough, the umpire will call the pitch illegal. Types of pitches Fastballs The fastball is typically the first type of pitch a player will learn. Two-seam fastball Four-seam fastball Breaking balls Dropball Riseball Curveball Screwball Drop-curve Rise-curve Backdoor curve (the pitch starts out of the strike zone and curves back over the plate. Often, this pitch is thrown at a batters hip or hands with the intention of either moving them off the plate or inducing a foul ball) Drop screw Backdoor screw (the same as a backdoor curve except the ball spins in the opposite direction of a curveball) Drop curve Changeups The changeup is the staple off-speed pitch, usually thrown to look like a fastball but arriving much slower to the plate. Its reduced speed coupled with its deceptive delivery is meant to confuse the batter's timing. There are a variety of grips and techniques a pitcher may use to deliver a change up such as: Flip (or "Back-hand flip") release Stiff wrist release Circle grip changeup Knuckle grip changeup Other Off-Speed pitches Knuckle curveball Floater - This is a pitch used by pitchers in the slow-pitch game. To throw the floater accurately, pitcher holds the ball with just his or her fingertips and does not let them touch the laces. Then comes straight up with her hand and lets the ball go up to the 12-foot mark and come down. Knuckleball International competition Softball is played in over a hundred countries around the world. The highest governing body for the sport, the International Softball Federation (ISF), has 113 member countries (excluding dependent territories). The ISF holds world championships in several categories. The Amateur Softball Association is the National Governing Body of Softball for the United States pursuant to the 1976 Amateur Sports Act. Due to the popularity of the sport, there are a multitude of governing bodies such as the United States Specialty Sports Association, International Softball Congress and the National Softball Association. The ISF holds the ISF Women's World Championship tournaments in several categories. The tournament in each category is held every four years—two years from 2010. The most recent tournament was XII Women's World Championship in June, 2010. All World Championships use a Page playoff system and are in fastpitch. There are also several World Cups held at 4-year intervals in different categories. New Zealand became the Men's World Champions winning the world title in 2013. Prior to that, Australia won the World Championship in 2009 and New Zealand had won the previous three tournaments before that. In the Junior Men's World Champions in 2012, Team Argentina won the world title. Summer Olympics In the Women's Softball World Championships the United States is the most dominant team, having won three of the past four Olympic tournaments and the past seven World Championships. The current Junior Women's World Champion is the United States. Women's softball debuted at the 1996 Summer Olympics and was removed from the program following the 2008 Summer Olympics. Softball and Baseball were unable to have their sport included in the program at the 2012 and 2016 Summer Olympics. In 2012 the heads of the International Softball and Baseball Federations announced their united effort to be included in the program in 2020. "The proposal calls for men's baseball and women's softball to be played at a single venue during 7 to 10 days. Each tournament would feature eight teams. Baseball and softball would be two disciplines under a single sports banner. The proposal awaits formal endorsement from the congress of both federations. Other sports which sought to be included in the 2020 program, when only one spot is up for filling, were: karate, roller sports, squash, sports climbing, wakeboard and wushu. The IOC executive board were to decide at their May meeting which sport to recommend for inclusion. The final decision was made in a vote of the full IOC in Buenos Aires in September 2013. Participating countries and areas New Zealand New Zealand is the most successful nation at men's world championship softball, having won their eighth title in 2019. The New Zealand women's team have also won a number of World Championship titles in the past. The game is widely played in New Zealand and is the second most popular summer sport behind cricket. Australia Softball is played in all states and territories in Australia and at all levels of academic education. The game is widely promoted to maintain fitness, health, personal achievements and pleasure. Australia has produced several of the world's great men's softball players, including Adam Folkard and Andrew Kirkpatrick, widely considered all-time greats in men's softball. Australia has excellent softball teams which are a reflection of its coaching, education and training system. Japan Japan has had a long tradition of softball which is played at all levels in the country. Many high schools and colleges have sports programs which include softball. Like baseball, softball in Japan is intensely competitive. Japan's win over the United States at the 2008 Olympics reflects the advanced level of play in this East Asian country. China Since the silver medal at the Atlanta Olympics, the Chinese have now made softball a priority at all levels. The game is played in most schools and with a 1.3 billion population; the number of great players is turning out to be a boon for China. The Chinese have frequently toured the US and have now similar caliber coaching and training programs. Europe Softball is played in almost every country in Europe, mainly fastpitch. Every two years an open women's European fastpitch championship is held with over twenty nationals teams. Italy and Netherlands are the best nations, and both have an almost professional championship where athletes from the US, Australia and China play. In the men's division eight to ten national teams compete for the European championship, with the Czech Republic, the Netherlands and Denmark leading the way. United States In America, there are more than 1,500 college softball teams spanning five different levels: NCAA Division 1, Division 2, Division 3, NAIA, and NJCAA. There are 5 professional softball teams: the Aussie Peppers, the Chicago Bandits, the Cleveland Comets, the California Commotion, and the Canadian Wild. Competitive fastpitch softball for girls is growing increasingly popular. All over the US, there are thousands of teams that compete year-round at tournaments. During most of these tournaments the biggest goal is not winning the tournament, but attempting to get as many college coaches as possible to observe (a) particular player or players. Competitive teams are now beginning around eight years old, if not younger. Depending on the team they can travel all over the United States or even out of the country such as to Canada, the summer and fall for many weeks and days at a time. There are many different sanctioning bodies of softball: USSSA, ASA, ISA, NSA, WSL, USFA, Triple Crown and SASL just to name a few. One of the biggest is the Amateur Softball Association, also known as ASA. It is known as the national governing body of softball, was established in 1933 and has over 240,000 teams. The USSSA, founded in 1968 as the United States Slo-Pitch Softball Association, but renamed in 1997 to the United States Specialty Sports Association, is the only association that still has a men's major slow-pitch program alive. Currently, the USSSA program is run out of Viera, FL. The United States also has a competitive women's softball team that competes in international tournaments. They represented the US each time at the Olympics until softball was removed from the Olympics. The Amateur Softball Association (ASA) of America (founded 1933) is one of the largest governing bodies for the game in the United States and sponsors annual sectional and World Series championships. Other national and regional governing bodies also exist, including the USSSA. The World Baseball Softball Confederation (WBSC) regulates rules of play in more than 110 countries, including the United States and Canada; before the WBSC was formed in 2013, the International Softball Federation (ISF) filled this role. The USA Softball Men's Fast Pitch National Team has won five World Championships (1966, 1968, 1976, 1980 and 1988) and three other medals. In the Pan-American Games, Team USA has made the finals in all seven appearances at the Games when Men's Fast Pitch was played. See also National Pro Fastpitch, the main professional women's softball league in the United States Softball Australia, the governing body of softball in Australia Comparison of baseball and softball 16-inch softball Rounders – a similar game from which baseball and softball are thought to have evolved Tee-ball – a reformed version of baseball Baseball5, an international variant of softball involving only a rubber ball Dartball – a game of darts that uses rules similar to softball and is played on a large dartboard that resembles a softball field Safe haven games Men's Professional Softball Leagues Eddie Feigner Pekin Lettes, the oldest member-sanctioned ASA softball team in the United States Softball in Ireland European Softball Federation NCAA Division I Softball Championship References External links ASA Softball NCAA Softball Softball History USA 1887 introductions Articles containing video clips Sports originating in the United States Summer Olympic disciplines
10095588	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Otus%20%28ARG-20%29	USS Otus (ARG-20)	USS Otus (AS-20) was a submarine tender in service with the United States Navy from 1941 to 1946. In 1945, she was converted to an internal combustion engine repair ship and redesignated ARG-20. Decommissioned in 1946, she was scrapped in 1970. Construction The ship was laid down under Maritime Commission (MC) Contract 3 June 1940 by the Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company of Kearny, New Jersey, MC hull 70, yard hull 175, and launched as Fred Morris on 2 November 1940, sponsored by Mrs. Fred Allain Morris. Fred Morris, official number 240200, was the fourth in a series of five identical ships (Joseph Lykes, Zoella Lykes, Reuben Tipton (Torpedoed/lost 1942), Fred Morris, and John Lykes) built for Lykes Brothers Steamship Company of New Orleans and delivered to the company on 27 December 1940 after successful trials for the MC and Lykes. The ship was intended for service between the U.S. Gulf ports and ports in United Kingdom and Mediterranean. To meet requirements for river and canal navigation modifications were made for visibility on the bridge and masts were telescopic to meet Manchester ship canal height requirements. The ship was designed to accommodate a crew of eighteen deck department, sixteen engine department and nine in the steward's department for a total of forty-three crew with two owner's staterooms approximating liner cabins suitable for passengers. Characteristics as built were length overall, length between perpendiculars, beam (molded), loaded draft, , , with a displacement of 12,875 tons. Propulsion was a De Laval steam turbine driving a bronze, variable-pitch, three-bladed propeller in diameter. Two 250 kW De Laval steam turbine generators provided electrical power. The launch can be seen in stock footage used in the opening scenes of the 1964 film The Incredible Mr. Limpet. Navy acquisition The Fred Morris was acquired by the Navy on 1 March 1941 and commissioned as USS Otus (AS–20) on 19 March 1941 with Commander Joel Newsom in command. The lone ship in her class, she was named for Otus, a mythological son of Iphimedia (wife of Aloeus) and Poseidon. Submarine tender (1941-1945) Assigned to the Asiatic Fleet as a submarine tender, she was anchored in Mariveles Bay, Philippine Islands, on 7 December 1941. On 10 December 1941 she was slightly damaged during the Japanese air raid on the Cavite Navy Yard, when several bombs landed near her starboard side. Not wanting to risk one of the few tenders in his command, Admiral Hart, Commander Asiatic Fleet ordered Otus to leave the Philippines. Departing 10 December she arrived at Port Darwin, Australia on 28 December. Remaining at Port Darwin through January 1942 Otus steamed to Java and Trincomalee, Ceylon, during February and the first part of March. She returned to Australia on 10 March, where she tended submarines at Fremantle until departing for the United States on 25 July. Arriving Mare Island Naval Shipyard 24 August, Otus underwent an extensive overhaul until 23 January 1943. After a brief stop at Pearl Harbor she returned to Australia 22 February where she remained, steaming from port to port as the demand for her services dictated, until 1 September. From September 1943 until December 1944 Otus served at four different sites in New Guinea furnishing tender services for escort vessels, minecraft, and amphibious craft as well as submarines. Departing Hollandia Bay 25 December, Otus arrived at San Pedro Bay, Leyte Gulf, Philippines on 6 January 1945 and commenced providing routine upkeep and emergency repairs to the ships of the Southwest Pacific Area. Repair ship (1945-1946) On 25 June 1945 her classification was changed to ARG–20 (Repair Ship, Internal Combustion Engines). On 1 December 1945 Otus left San Pedro Bay en route to Portland, Oregon. Arriving 2 January 1946, she was assigned the duty of deactivating vessels. She carried out this work at both Portland and Astoria until 29 June 1946, when she steamed to Seattle to commence inactivation overhaul. Decommissioning and fate Otus decommissioned 20 August 1946 and was sold the following day. She was struck from the Naval Vessel Register 25 September 1946. In 1970 she was at Olympia, Washington with the National Defense Reserve Fleet. The ship was finally sold for scrap, 2 November 1970, to Zidell Explorations Inc. of Portland, OR. Otus received one battle star for service in World War II. References External links NavSource Online: Service Ship Photo Archive: USS Otus (ARG-20) Type C1-B ships Ships built in Kearny, New Jersey 1940 ships Submarine tenders of the United States Navy Repair ships of the United States Navy World War II auxiliary ships of the United States
48713	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20John%27s%20College%2C%20Cambridge	St John's College, Cambridge	St John's College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge (the full, formal name of the college is the College of St John the Evangelist in the University of Cambridge) founded by the Tudor matriarch Lady Margaret Beaufort. In constitutional terms, the college is a charitable corporation established by a charter dated 9 April 1511. The aims of the college, as specified by its statutes, are the promotion of education, religion, learning and research. It is one of the larger Oxbridge colleges in terms of student numbers. For 2018, St. John's was ranked 9th of 29 colleges in the Tompkins Table (the annual league table of Cambridge colleges) with over 30 per cent of its students earning first-class honours. The college's alumni comprise the winners of 12 Nobel Prizes (including physicists Paul Dirac, Roger Penrose and Max Born, the latter having been affiliated with the college in the 1930s), seven prime ministers and 12 archbishops of various countries, at least two princes and three saints. The Romantic poet William Wordsworth studied at St John's, as did William Wilberforce and Thomas Clarkson, the two abolitionists who led the movement that brought slavery to an end in the British Empire. Prince William was affiliated with the college while undertaking a university-run course in estate management in 2014. St John's is well known for its choir, its members' success in a wide variety of inter-collegiate sporting competitions and its annual May Ball. The Cambridge Apostles and the Cambridge University Moral Sciences Club were both founded by members of the college. The Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race tradition began with a St John's student and the college boat club, Lady Margaret Boat Club, is the oldest in the university. In 2011, the college celebrated its quincentenary, an event marked by a visit of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. History The site was originally occupied by the Hospital of St John the Evangelist, probably founded around 1200. The hospital infirmary was located where the east end of the current chapel now stands. By 1470 Thomas Rotherham Chancellor of the university, extended to the hospital the privileges of membership of the university. This led to St. John's House, as it was then known, being conferred the status of a college. By the early 16th century the hospital was dilapidated and suffering from a lack of funds. Lady Margaret Beaufort, having endowed Christ's College sought to found a new college, and chose the hospital site at the suggestion of John Fisher, her chaplain and Bishop of Rochester. However, Lady Margaret died without having mentioned the foundation of St John's in her will, and it was largely the work of Fisher that ensured that the college was founded. He had to obtain the approval of King Henry VIII of England, the Pope through the intermediary Polydore Vergil, and the Bishop of Ely to suppress the religious hospital, by which time held only a Master and three Augustinian brethren, and convert it to a college. The college received its charter on 9 April 1511. Further complications arose in obtaining money from the estate of Lady Margaret to pay for the foundation and it was not until 22 October 1512 that a codicil was obtained in the court of the Archbishop of Canterbury. In November 1512 the Court of Chancery allowed Lady Margaret's executors to pay for the foundation of the college from her estates. When Lady Margaret's executors took over they found most of the old Hospital buildings beyond repair, but repaired and incorporated the Chapel into the new college. A kitchen and hall were added, and an imposing gate tower was constructed for the College Treasury. The doors were to be closed each day at dusk, sealing the monastic community from the outside world. Over the course of the following five hundred years, the college expanded westwards towards the River Cam, and now has twelve courts, the most of any Oxford or Cambridge College. The first three courts are arranged in enfilade. The college has retained its relationship with Shrewsbury School since 1578, when the headmaster Thomas Ashton assisted in drawing up ordinances to govern the school. Under these rulings, the borough bailiffs (mayors after 1638) had power to appoint masters, along with Ashton's old college, St John's, having an academic veto. Since then, the appointment of Johnian academics to the Governing Body, and the historic awarding of 'closed' Shrewsbury Exhibitions, has continued. The most recent Master of St. John's, the late Chris Dobson, was an ex officio Governor of Shrewsbury from 2007. St John's College first admitted women in October 1981, when K. M. Wheeler was admitted to the fellowship, along with nine female graduate students. The first women undergraduates arrived a year later. Buildings and grounds The Great Gate St John's distinctive Great Gate follows the standard contemporary pattern employed previously at Christ's College and Queens' College. The gatehouse is crenelated and adorned with the arms of the foundress Lady Margaret Beaufort. Above these are displayed her ensigns, the Red Rose of Lancaster and Portcullis. The college arms are flanked by curious creatures known as yales, mythical beasts with elephants' tails, antelopes' bodies, goats' heads, and swivelling horns. Above them is a tabernacle containing a socle figure of St John the Evangelist, an Eagle at his feet and symbolic, poisoned chalice in his hands. The fan vaulting above is contemporary with tower, and may have been designed by William Swayne, a master mason of King's College Chapel. First Court First Court is entered via the Great Gate, and is highly architecturally varied. First Court was converted from the hospital on the foundation of the college, and constructed between 1511 and 1520. Though it has since been gradually changed, the front (east) range is still much as it appeared when first erected in the 16th century. The south range was refaced between 1772 and 1776 in the Georgian style by the local architect, James Essex, as part of an abortive attempt to modernise the entire court in the same fashion. The most dramatic alteration to the original, Tudor court, however, remains the Victorian amendment of the north range, which involved the demolition of the original medieval chapel and the construction of a new, far larger set of buildings in the 1860s. These included the chapel, designed by Sir George Gilbert Scott, which includes in its interior some pieces saved from the original chapel. It is the third tallest building in Cambridge. The alteration of the north range necessitated the restructuring of the connective sections of First Court; another bay window was added to enlarge the college's hall, and a new building constructed to the north of Great Gate. Parts of First Court were used as a prison in 1643 during the English Civil War. In April 2011, Queen Elizabeth II visited St John's college to inaugurate a new pathway in First Court, which passes close to the ruins of the Old Chapel. Dining hall The college's hall has a fine hammerbeam roof, painted in black and gold and decorated with the armorial devices of its benefactors. The hall is lined to cill level with linenfold panelling which dates from 1528 to 1529, and has a five-bay screen, surmounted by the Royal Arms. Above is a hexagonal louvre, dating to 1703. The room was extended from five to eight bays according to designs by Sir George Gilbert Scott in 1863. It has two bay windows, containing heraldic glass dating from the fifteenth to nineteenth centuries. In 1564, Queen Elizabeth rode into the college's Hall on horseback, during a state visit to Cambridge. Second Court Second Court, built from 1598 to 1602, has been described as 'the finest Tudor court in England'. Built atop the demolished foundations of an earlier, far smaller court, Second Court was begun in 1598 to the plans of Ralph Symons of Westminster, and Gilbert Wigge of Cambridge. Their original architectural drawings are housed in the college's library, and are the oldest surviving plans for an Oxford or Cambridge college building. It was financed by the Countess of Shrewsbury, whose arms and statue stand above the court's western gatehouse. The court's Oriel windows are perhaps its most striking feature, though the dominating Shrewsbury Tower to the west is undoubtedly the most imposing. This gatehouse, built as a mirror image of the college's Great Gate, contains a statue of the benefactress Mary Talbot, Countess of Shrewsbury, added in 1671. Behind the Oriel window of the north range lies the Long Gallery, a promenading room that was, prior to its segmentation, 148 feet long. In this room, the treaty between England and France was signed that established the marriage of King Charles I of England to Queen Henrietta Maria. In the 1940s, parts of the D-day landings were planned there. Second Court is also home to the college's famous 'triple set', K6. Library The Old Library was built in 1624, largely with funds donated by John Williams, Bishop of Lincoln. Hearing of the college's urgent need for greater library space, Williams donated £1,200 anonymously, later revealing his identity and donating a total of £2,011 towards the library's total cost of £3,000. The library's bay window overlooks the River Cam and bears the letters "ILCS" on it, standing for Iohannes Lincolniensis Custos Sigilli, or "John of Lincoln, Keeper of the Seal". The original intention of the college had been to construct an elegant classical building supported by pillared porticos, but Bishop Williams insisted on a more traditional design. Thus, though the college lays claim to few examples of neo-classical design, the library stands as one of the earliest examples of English neo-Gothic architecture. Third Court Third Court is entered through Shrewsbury Tower, which from 1765 to 1859 housed an observatory. Each of its ranges was built in a different style. Following the completion of the college library in 1624, the final sides of Third Court were added between 1669 and 1672, after the college had recovered from the trauma of the English Civil War. The additions included a fine set of Dutch-gabled buildings backing onto the River Cam, and a 'window-with-nothing-behind-it' that was designed to solve the problem of connecting the windowed library with the remainder of the court. Kitchen or Wren Bridge This was the first stone bridge erected at St John's college, continuing on from Kitchen lane. The crossing lies south of the Bridge of Sighs, and was a replacement for a wooden bridge that had stood on the site since the foundation's early days as a hospital. Though Sir Christopher Wren submitted designs for the bridge, it was eventually built on a different site by a local mason, Robert Grumbold, who also built Trinity College Library. As with the Library, Grumbold's work was based on Wren's designs, and the bridge has become known more famously as 'the Wren Bridge'. Kitchen Court This tiny court, formed within the walls of the old Kitchen Lane, is used as an outdoor dining area. The Bridge of Sighs Though it bears little resemblance to its namesake in Venice, the bridge connecting Third Court to New Court, originally known as New Bridge, is now commonly known as the Bridge of Sighs. It is one of the most photographed buildings in Cambridge, and was described by the visiting Queen Victoria as "so pretty and picturesque". It is a single-span bridge of stone with highly decorative Neo-Gothic covered footwalk over with traceried openings. There is a three-bay arcade at the east end of the bridge. The architect was Henry Hutchinson. New Court The 19th-century neo-Gothic New Court, probably one of the best known buildings in Cambridge, was the first major building built by any of the colleges on the west side of the river. Designed by Thomas Rickman and Henry Hutchinson, New Court was built between 1826 and 1831 to accommodate the college's rapidly increasing numbers of students. Despite the college's original intention to get the architects to build another copy of Second Court, plans were eventually accepted for a fashionably romantic building in the 'Gothic' style. It is a three-sided court of tall Gothic Revival buildings, closed on the fourth side by an open, seven-bayed cross-vaulted cloister and gateway. It is four storeys high, has battlements and is pinnacled. The main portal has a fan vault with a large octagonal pendant, and the interior of the main building retains many of its original features including ribbed plaster ceilings in the mock-Gothic style. Its prominent location (especially when seen from the river) and flamboyant design have led it to be nicknamed "The Wedding Cake". Chapel The Chapel of St John's College is entered by the northwest corner of First Court. It was constructed between 1866 and 1869 to replace the smaller mediaeval chapel which dated back to the 13th century. When in 1861 the college's administration decided that a new building was needed, Sir George Gilbert Scott was selected as architect. He had recently finished work on the chapel at Exeter College, Oxford, and went about constructing the chapel of St John's College along similar lines, drawing inspiration from the Saint Chapelle church in Paris. The benefactor Henry Hoare offered a downpayment of £3000 to finance the chapel's construction, in addition to which he promised to pay £1000 a year if a tower were added to Scott's original plans, which had included only a small flèche. Work began, but Hoare's death from a railway accident left the college £3000 short of his expected benefaction. The tower was completed, replete with louvres but left without bells. It is based on Pershore Abbey. The tower is high. The chapel's antechamber contains statues of Lady Margaret Beaufort and John Fisher. Inside the building is a stone-vaulted antechapel, at the end of which hangs a 'Deposition of the Cross' by Anton Rafael Mengs, completed around 1777. The misericords and panelling date from 1516, and were salvaged from the old chapel. The chapel contains some fifteenth-century glass, but most was cast by Clayton and Bell, Hardman, and Wailes, in around 1869. Freestanding statues and plaques commemorate college benefactors such as James Wood, Master 1815–39, as well as alumni including William Wilberforce, Thomas Clarkson and William Gilbert. The college tower can be climbed, and is accessed via a small door on First Court. However, this access was closed in 2016 for the duration that important structural repairs were carried out to the tower Pinnacles and roof. The chapel is surrounded on three sides by large tabernacles which form part of the external buttresses. Each contains a statue of a prominent college alumnus, alumna or benefactor. The persons commemorated are, beginning with the buttress next to the transept on the south side: The Master's lodge and garden St John's Master's lodge is located in a grassy clearing to the north of Third Court. It was built at the same time as the new chapel was being constructed, and has Tudor fittings, wainscot, portraits and other relics from the demolished north wing of First Court. It has a large garden, and in the winter its westmost rooms have excellent views of the college's old library, the River Cam, and the Bridge of Sighs. The architect was Sir George Gilbert Scott. Buildings and courts since 1900 Located to the west of the chapel tower lies Chapel Court, which was constructed together with North Court' and Forecourt in the 1930s to account for an increase in student numbers. North Court is located just north of Chapel Court and Forecourt is situated to the east, facing St John's Street. The latter is used partly as a car park for fellows and night entrance to the college. All three courts were designed by the architect Edward Maufe. Further increases in student numbers following WWII prompted the college to again increase the number of accommodation buildings. Cripps Court was built in the late 1960s to satisfy this demand. It is located just behind New Court and forms two courts (Upper & Lower River Court). Designed by architects Philip Powell and Hidalgo Moya, the building is Grade II* listed having received an award from the British Architectural Institution. It is considered an exemplar of late 20th-century architectural style and is named after its main benefactor, Humphrey Cripps. In 2014, the building went through an extensive refurbishment program, which saw renovated accommodation and structural repairs, including the cleaning of the Portland stone which the building is made of. To the west of Cripps Court lies the School of Pythagoras. Built around 1200, it predates the college with 300 years and is both the oldest secular building in Cambridge and the oldest building continuously in use by a university in Britain. The building now serves as the location for the College Archives. Next to the School of Pythagoras lies Merton Hall. From 1266 until 1959 both the School of Pythagoras and Merton Hall were property of Merton College, Oxford. Merton Court is the college's eleventh and westernmost court. In 1987 the construction of the Fisher Building was completed. Named after Cardinal John Fisher, the building contains teaching rooms, conference facilities, and the student-run college cinema. It was designed by the architect Peter Boston. Located directly opposite the college's Great Gate is All Saints' Yard. The complex is formed from the buildings of the so-called "Triangle Site", a collection of structures owned by the college. An extensive renovation project finished in Michaelmas Term 2012 had a budget of approximately £9.75 million. The centrepiece of the Yard is Corfield Court, named after the project's chief benefactor, Charles Corfield. The site can be entered through one of two card-activated gates, or through the School of Divinity. The School of Divinity is the largest building on the site, and was built between 1878 and 1879 by Basil Champneys for the University of Cambridge's divinity faculty on land leased by St John's College. Control of the building reverted to St John's when the faculty of divinity moved to a new building on the Sidgwick site in 2000. College choirs The Choir of St John's College has a tradition of religious music and has sung the daily services in the College Chapel since the 1670s. The services follow the cathedral tradition of the Church of England, Evensong being sung during Term six days a week and Sung Eucharist on Sunday mornings. The choir is currently directed by Mr Andrew Nethsingha, who has previously been Director of Music at Gloucester and Truro Cathedrals. The boys of the choir are all educated and board at St John's College School. During university vacations the choir carries out engagements elsewhere. Recent tours have taken it to places including the Netherlands, the US and Japan. The choir has an extensive discography of nearly 100 commercial releases dating back to the 1950s, when it was signed to the Decca/Argo label under George Guest. The Choir has since had successful recording contracts with Hyperion Records and Chandos Records, resulting in many critical accolades including a Gramophone Editor's Choice selection for 2015's collection The Call. In 2016 the choir signed to Signum Records on its own St John's College imprint. The first recording of this new venture was a collection of music by the contemporary composer Jonathan Harvey (composer) released in May 2016 to a number two position in the UK specialist classical charts. The imprint will also release non-choral recordings by current and former members of the college. The men of the choir, or choral scholars, also form their own close harmony group, The Gentlemen of St John's. Their repertoire spans the 15th century through to the modern day, and concert tours have taken them to Europe, the US and Japan. They provide a mixture of classical a cappella music and folksongs, as well as covers of recently chart hits and light-hearted entertainment, and host an annual Christmas concert and garden party. The college also has a mixed-voice choir, St John's Voices, which was founded in 2013 to allow female members of the college to take part in the college's choral tradition. It comprises around 30 members, and has premiered 3 works thus far In October 2021, it was announced that girls and women would be permitted to join the Choir of St. John's College for the first time. Traditions and legends Consumption of Swan Fellows of St John's College are the only people outside the Royal Family in the United Kingdom legally allowed to eat unmarked mute swans. The Crown (the British monarch) retains the right to ownership of all unmarked mute swans in open water, but the Queen only exercises her ownership on certain stretches of the Thames and its surrounding tributaries. This ownership is shared with the Vintners' and Dyers' Companies, who were granted rights of ownership by the Crown in the fifteenth century, and was extended to the college via ancient Royalist ties. Ghosts According to popular legend, St John's College is inhabited by a number of ghosts. In 1706, four fellows exorcised some ghosts from a house opposite the college by the simple method of threatening to fire their pistols at the positions the moans and groans were coming from. Second court is apparently still haunted by the ghost of the former undergraduate and master, James Wood. Wood was so poor that he could not afford to light his room, and would often do his work in the well-lit stairway. New Court's Clock Tower New Court's central cupola has four blank clock-faces. These are subject to various apocryphal explanations. One legend maintains that a statute limiting the number of chiming clocks in Cambridge rendered the addition of a mechanism illegal. No such limitation is known to exist. More likely explanations include Hutchinson's fear that the installation of a clockface would spoil the building's symmetry, and that the college's financial situation in the early nineteenth century made completion impossible. Other legends explaining the absence of clockfaces claim that St John's College and its neighbour, Trinity College, Cambridge were engaged in a race to build the final (or tallest) clocktower in Cambridge. Supposedly, whichever was finished first (or was tallest) would be permitted to house the 'final' chiming clock in Cambridge. Trinity's Tower was finished first (or, in another version of the same story, was made taller overnight by the addition of a wooden cupola), and its clock was allowed to remain. In truth, the completion of New Court and Trinity's Clock (which is in King Edward's Tower) was separated by nearly two centuries. Trinity's famous double-striking was installed in the seventeenth century by its then-Master, Richard Bentley, a former student of St John's, who dictated that the clock chime once for Trinity, and once for his alma mater, St John's. College rivalry St John's remains a great rival of Trinity College, which is its main competitor in sports and academia. The rivalry can be traced to Henry VIII founding Trinity after having ordered the execution of Saint John Fisher, the man whose efforts had ensured the foundation of St John's. Over the years, numerous anecdotes and myths have arisen, involving students and fellows of both colleges alike. The rivalry is often cited as the reason why the older courts of Trinity have no "J" staircases, despite including other letters in alphabetical order (it should be mentioned that a far more likely reason is the absence of the letter "J" in the Latin alphabet). There are also two small muzzle-loading cannons on Trinity's bowling green pointing in the direction of John's, though this orientation may be coincidental. In similar fashion, the eagle on top of the entrance to St John's New Court is said to have been sculptured so that it shuns even the sight of its neighbouring rival. Generally, however, the colleges maintain a cordial relationship with one other; compatriotism led famously to the splitting of the atomic nucleus in 1932 by Ernest Walton (Trinity) and John Cockcroft (St John's). Shield and arms St John's College and Christ's College, Cambridge both bear the arms of the Lady Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby, mother of Henry VII. These arms are recorded in the College of Arms as being borne by right, and are described as: Quarterly: 1 and 4 azure three fleurs-de-lis gold (France, Modern); 2 and 3 gules three lions passant gardant or (England); all within a border compony silver and azure. In addition, both foundations use the Beaufort crest, an eagle displayed arising out of a coronet of roses and fleurs-de-lis all gold, but their title to this is more doubtful. When displayed in their full achievement, the arms are flanked by mythical yales. Motto The college motto is souvent me souvient, supplied by Lady Margaret Beaufort, and written in Mediaeval French. It is inscribed over gates, lintels and within tympana throughout the college, functioning as a triple pun. It means 'often I remember', 'think of me often' and, when spoken (exploiting the homonym souvent me sous vient), 'I often pass beneath it' (referring to the inscriptions). The college shares its motto with Christ's College, Cambridge and Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford. Prayer The College Prayer is spoken at the end of chapel services. It alludes to the gospel of John in which it is presumed the author mentions himself anonymously as the disciple Jesus loved: "Bless, O Lord, the work of this College, which is called by the name of thy beloved disciple; and grant that love of the brethren and all sound learning may ever grow and prosper here, to thy honour and glory, and to the good of thy people, who, with the Father and the Holy Spirit, livest and reignest, one God, world without end. Amen." Grace The college grace is customarily said before and after dinner in hall. The reading of grace before dinner (ante prandium) is usually the duty of a scholar of the college; grace after dinner (post prandium) is said by the president or the senior fellow dining. The graces used in St John's have been in continuous use for some centuries and it is known that the ante prandium is based upon mediaeval monastic models. The grace is said shortly after the fellows enter the hall, signalled by the sounding of a gong, and accompanied by the ringing of the college's Grace Bell. The ante prandium is read after the fellows have entered, the post prandium after they have finished dining: Student life The buildings of St John's College include the chapel, the Hall, the old library, a more contemporary "new" library, a bar, and common rooms for fellows, graduates and undergraduates. There are also extensive gardens, lawns, a neighbouring sportsground, College School and boat-house. On-site accommodation is provided for all undergraduate and most graduate students. This is generally spacious, and many undergraduate rooms comprise 'sets' of living and sleeping rooms, where two students share a suite of two bedrooms, a kitchen and a bathroom. Members of the college can choose to dine either in the Hall, where silver service three-course meals are served six evenings per week, or in the buttery, where food can be purchased from a cafeteria-style buffet. College catering is organised by Bill Brogan, overseer of the intercollegiate Stewards' Cup. The college maintains an extensive library, which supplements the university libraries. Most undergraduate supervisions are carried out in the college, though for some specialist subjects undergraduates may be sent to tutors in other colleges. The college has two official combination rooms for junior members, which represent the interests of students in college and are responsible for social aspects of college life. Undergraduates are members of the Junior Combination Room (JCR). Graduate students have membership to the JCR, but also belong to the Samuel Butler Room, which is the Middle Combination Room (MCR) of St John's College. The fleet of punts is kept in a purpose-built punt pool behind the Cripps Building. Punt boats are available for use by all members of the college as well as alumni. St John's tends to be ranked near the middle of the Tompkins Table of undergraduate degree results, with an average position of 12.8 since 1997. Samuel Butler Room Society The Samuel Butler Room Society (SBR) is the Middle Combination Room (MCR) of St John's College. The Society traces its foundation to 1960, when graduate student members submitted an application to College Council for official separation from the Junior Combination Room (JCR). The name of the Society refers to the physical rooms which are used by members of the Society. The rooms were named after the noted Johnian author and polymath Samuel Butler. The membership of the Society comprises all members of the College who are registered graduate students of the College and affiliated students of the College. Sports The college has a sporting history, enjoying success in most of the major sports on offer in Cambridge. The college has a cardio gym and a weights gym on site, and has pristine pitches right behind college. The Red Boys, St John's College Rugby Club, won the Division One League title for nine years in a row, before finally losing to Jesus in 2010–11, and the cuppers trophy for 6 years in a row from 2006 to 2011, making it one of the most successful collegiate sports teams in Cambridge's history. The Redboys occupy eighteen out of the twenty-four plates on the current Division One League Shield, and thirteen out of the seventeen names on the Cuppers trophy. Since 2014, the club has taken home two Cuppers trophies, three Division One League Shields, and the inaugural Sevens Shield in 2016–17. In the 2016–17 season, the Redboys went undefeated. St John's regularly produces a strong contingent of university players, but also ensures new players develop and get game time swiftly. The rugby club has produced several notable alumni including former RFU executive Francis Baron, former Newcastle, England and Lions fly-half and former RFU Director of Elite Rugby Rob Andrew, and Battlestar Galactica actor Jamie Bamber. The college rowing club, the Lady Margaret Boat Club (LMBC), is the oldest in the university, and was founded in 1825. Despite many gruesome rumours concerning the name of the club, it was merely the most successful of the many boat clubs established in the college in the 19th century. In a similar fashion the traditional rival of the LMBC, the Boat Club of Trinity College, is known as 'First and Third' in a reference to its formation from two original clubs. Scholarships and prizes Every year the college awards scholarships to a handful of graduate students under the Benefactors' and Scholarships Scheme. The most generous of all the early benefactors of St John's College was Dr Roger Lupton (died 1540), Provost of Eton and chaplain to Henry VIII. Lupton had amassed immense wealth through a lifetime of royal service and ecclesiastical pluralism and his scholarships exist today as the Lupton and Hebblethwaite Exhibitions. Other scholarships include the Craik Scholarship, the J.C. Hall Scholarship, the Luisa Aldobrandini Studentship Competition, the Paskin Scholarship and the Pelling Scholarship. Competition for these scholarships is very fierce as students from any country reading for any graduate degree—not only members of the college—can apply. There is also the famous Adams Prize in mathematics, named after the mathematician (and alumnus of St John's) John Couch Adams for his discovery of Neptune – it is an annual competition and can be awarded to any mathematician resident in the UK, with an age limit of under 40. The college is also associated with the Dr Manmohan Singh Scholarship, first awarded in 2008. Students at the college wishing to practice law can apply for a McMahon Law Studentship to cover the expense of further study or obtaining professional qualifications. Every year, students who excel academically and contribute to the life of the college, can be nominated for the prestigious Larmor awards. The Awards are named after Sir Joseph Larmor, former student at St John's. Winners of the prize receive a unique handcrafted piece of silverware and a financial prize. Recent award winners include the actor Jonah Hauer-King and the violinist Julia Hwang. May Ball St John's hosts a large and typically spectacular May Ball, which is traditionally held on the Tuesday of May Week. In recent years, tickets have only been available to Johnians and their guests. Highlights include an extravagant fireworks display and a variety of musical acts which in recent years have included Rudimental, Gorgon City and Katy B. The May Ball is organised by the committee, usually composed up of 10 students from the college, with roles ranging from Head of Food, Drink, Security, Scene, Creative, Logistics, Employment, and the executive committee with a President, Vice-President and Junior Treasurer. The first ball took place in 1888 and has since been considered one of the most lavish end-of-year university parties. Famously, the theme is kept a closely-guarded secret until the night itself. People associated with the college See also :Category:Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge, :Category:Fellows of St John's College, Cambridge. Notable Johnians include former Heads of State, politicians, academics, Nobel laureates, poets and writers. Over 1000 former members of St John's College appear in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Prime Ministers: Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham (briefly admitted) , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, 1765–66 and 1782, F. J. Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, 1827–28, George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, 1852–55, Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, 1855–58 & 1859–65, Alfred Domett, Prime Minister of New Zealand, 1862–63, Sir Francis Bell, Prime Minister of New Zealand, 1925, Manmohan Singh, Prime Minister of India, 2004–14. Nobel Prize winners: Paul Dirac, Nobel Prize in Physics 1933, "for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory". Edward Appleton, Nobel Prize in Physics 1947, "for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton Layer". John Cockcroft, Nobel Prize in Physics 1951, "for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles". Max Born, Nobel Prize in Physics 1954, "for fundamental research in Quantum Mechanics, especially in the statistical interpretation of the wavefunction". Frederick Sanger, Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1958, "for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin". Maurice Wilkins, Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973, "for their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich compounds". Nevill Francis Mott, Nobel Prize in Physics 1977, "for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems" Abdus Salam, Nobel Prize in Physics 1979, "for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current". Allan Cormack, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1979, "for the development of computer assisted tomography" Frederick Sanger, Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980, "for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids". Eric Maskin, Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2007, "for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory". Roger Penrose, Nobel Prize in Physics 2020, "for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity". Copley Medallists: John Frederick William Herschel (1821), John Frederick William Herschel (1847), John Couch Adams (1848), James Joseph Sylvester (1880), George Howard Darwin (1911), Joseph Larmor (1921), Charles Algernon Parsons (1928), Arthur Schuster (1931), Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac (1952), Harold Jeffreys (1960), Nevill Francis Mott (1972), William Valance Douglas Hodge (1974), Frederick Sanger (1977), Rudolf Ernst Peierls (1986), Abdus Salam (1990), Roger Penrose (2008), David Roxbee Cox (2010) St John's and the abolition of the British slave trade Several of St John's graduates were involved in the efforts to abolish the British Slave Trade that culminated in the Act of 1807. In particular, Thomas Clarkson, William Wilberforce, Thomas Gisborne and Thomas Babington were active in the Committee for the Abolition of the Slave Trade and other abolitionist efforts. As part of the commemoration of the bicentenary of the 1807 Act, and as a representative of one of the Ivy League universities offering American historical perspective on the Triangular Trade, President Ruth J. Simmons of Brown University (herself a descendant of American slaves) gave a public lecture at St John's College entitled "Hidden in Plain Sight: Slavery and Justice in Rhode Island" on 16 February 2007. St John's College hosted some of the events relating to the commemoration, including an academic conference and a Gospel Mass in the College Chapel with the London Adventist Chorale. See also Cambridge University Moral Sciences Club References Further reading Baker, Thomas, History of the College of St. John the Evangelist, Cambridge, edited by John E.B. Mayor, 2 vols.; Cambridge University Press, 1869 (reissued by the publisher, 2009; ) Crook, Alec C., From the foundation to Gilbert Scott. A history of the buildings of St John's College, Cambridge 1511 to 1885; Cambridge, 1980. Crook, Alec C., Penrose to Cripps. A century of building in the College of St John the Evangelist, Cambridge; Cambridge, 1978. Henry, N.F.M. & Crook, A.C. (eds), Use and Occupany of Rooms in St John's College. Part I: Use from Early Times to 1983; Cambridge, 1984. James, M. R., A Descriptive Catalogue of the Manuscripts in the Library of St John's College, Cambridge; Cambridge University Press, 1913 (reissued by the publisher, 2009; ) Linehan, P. A. (ed.), St. John's College Cambridge. A History, Woodbridge; The Boydell Press, 2011; Miller, Edward, Portrait of a College. A history of the College of Saint John the Evangelist in Cambridge; Cambridge University Press, 1961 (reissued by the publisher, 2009; ) Mullinger, James Bass, St. John's College; (University of Cambridge College Histories) London, 1901. Pevsner, Nikolaus, The Buildings of England. Cambridgeshire; 2nd ed.; Harmondsworth, 1970; pp. 148–149. Roach, J. P. C., A History of the County of Cambridge and the Isle of Ely, Volume 3, 1959 Scott, Robert Forsyth, St. John's College, Cambridge , Dent, London, 1907. Willis, Robert & John Willis Clark, The Architectural History of the University of Cambridge. And of the Colleges of Cambridge and Eton''; Vol. II; Cambridge, 1886. pp. 263–271. External links St John's College St John's College JCR St John's College SBR (equivalent to the MCR of other colleges) Boat Club Colleges of the University of Cambridge 1511 establishments in England Educational institutions established in the 1510s Grade I listed buildings in Cambridge Grade I listed educational buildings Thomas Rickman buildings Grade II* listed parks and gardens in Cambridgeshire
8231973	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byst%C5%99ice%20%28Fr%C3%BDdek-M%C3%ADstek%20District%29	Bystřice (Frýdek-Místek District)	(, ) is a municipality and village in Frýdek-Místek District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 5,400 inhabitants and it is the second most populated municipality in the Czech Republic without the town status. Polish minority makes up 29.7% of the population. Etymology The name is topographic in origin (compare bystry: fast, rapid [flow of a river or stream]). Geography It lies between the Silesian and Moravian-Silesian Beskids mountain ranges, in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia. The Hluchová River flows to the Olza River in the municipality. History It was first mentioned in a written document in 1523 as Bistrzicze. Politically it belonged then to the Duchy of Teschen, a fee of the Kingdom of Bohemia, which after 1526 became part of the Habsburg Monarchy. After the 1540s Reformation prevailed in the Duchy of Teschen and a local Catholic church was taken over by Lutherans. Local Protestants built there a wooden church in 1587. It was taken from them (as one from around fifty buildings) in the region by a special commission and given back to the Roman Catholic Church on 21 March 1654. In spite of being bereft of place of worship many of the local inhabitants remained to be Lutherans. After issuing the Patent of Toleration in 1781 they subsequently organized a local Lutheran parish as one of over ten in the region. The Catholic church was dismantled in 1897. In the place of this wooden church was later built a current Exaltation of the Cross Catholic wooden church. Lutherans built a wooden church in 1782 and current bricked one in 1811-1817. Settlers have lived mainly off farming and pastures. After the construction of Třinec Iron and Steel Works in 1839, some of villagers went there working as workers. Many traditional old wooden houses still remain in some parts of the village. After Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire a modern municipal division was introduced in the re-established Austrian Silesia. The village as a municipality was subscribed to the political district of Cieszyn and the legal district of Jablunkov. According to the censuses conducted in 1880, 1890, 1900 and 1910 the population of the municipality grew from 1,933 in 1880 to 2,442 in 1910 with the majority being native Polish-speakers (between 98.2% and 98.9%) accompanied by German-speaking (at most 37 or 1.7% in 1900) and Czech-speaking people (at most 13 or 0.5% in 1910). In terms of religion in 1910 the majority were Protestants (88,2%), followed by Roman Catholics (10.9%) and Jews (20 or 0.9%). Bystřice was also traditionally inhabited by Cieszyn Vlachs, speaking Cieszyn Silesian dialect. After World War I, fall of Austria-Hungary, Polish–Czechoslovak War and the division of Cieszyn Silesia in 1920, it became a part of Czechoslovakia. Following the Munich Agreement, in October 1938 together with the Zaolzie region it was annexed by Poland, administratively adjoined to Cieszyn County of Silesian Voivodeship. It was then annexed by Nazi Germany at the beginning of World War II. After the war it was restored to Czechoslovakia. Notable people Karol Śliwka (1894–1943), Polish communist politician Twin towns – sister cities Bystřice is twinned with: Goleszów, Poland Pińczów, Poland Svodín, Slovakia Tata, Hungary References External links Official website Bystřice congregation of SCEAV Villages in Frýdek-Místek District Cieszyn Silesia
31595561	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20L.%20Aaron	David L. Aaron	David Laurence Aaron (born August 21, 1938) is an American diplomat and writer who served in the Jimmy Carter and Bill Clinton administrations. He graduated from Occidental College with a BA, and from Princeton University with an MPA. He later received an honorary Ph.D from Occidental College. He is currently director of the RAND Corporation's Center for Middle East Public Policy. Background and early career Aaron was born in Chicago, Illinois, United States. He entered the U.S. foreign service in 1962, where he served as a political and economic officer in Guayaquil, Ecuador. In 1964 he was assigned to the NATO desk at the Department of State. He subsequently served as a political officer to NATO where he worked on the Nuclear Planning Group and on the Non Proliferation Treaty. He then joined the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency where he served as a member of the U.S. Delegation to the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT), during which Aaron was a key negotiator of an agreement with the Soviet Union to reduce the risk of nuclear weapon accidents. He was then recruited to serve on Henry Kissinger's National Security Council staff during the Nixon administration, from 1972 to 1974. During that time, Aaron drafted NSSM 242 on Nuclear Strategy, which came to be known as the Schlesinger Doctrine. In 1974, on the recommendation of Zbigniew Brzezinski, Aaron became Senator Walter Mondale's legislative assistant. The following year, Aaron was task force leader of the Senate's Select Committee on Intelligence. He was the principal architect of the Committee's recommendations. Aaron later followed Mondale to the Jimmy Carter Presidential campaign. Deputy National Security Advisor In 1977, Aaron was asked by Brzezinski, who had been appointed the National Security Advisor, to become Deputy National Security Advisor in the administration of Jimmy Carter. Aaron was one of several former Kissinger aides appointed by Jimmy Carter to foreign policy and defense positions. During his time at the White House, Aaron made a name for himself in foreign policy circles and was recognized as a rising star in the Democratic Party. Aaron was a special envoy to Africa, Latin America, China, Israel and Europe, and became a trusted envoy on Presidential missions. Shortly after Carter's inauguration, Aaron attended the Bilderberg Conference, in which he undertook lengthy private discussions with German Chancellor Helmut Schmidt. In Israel, Aaron worked with Moshe Dayan on the concept of "autonomy" for the Palestinians. This concept helped to open the door for the Camp David Agreements, which are understood to have structured peace between Egypt and Israel. Aaron also represented the White House in talks with the Office of French President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing in Paris, as well as with the Cabinet Office at 10 Downing Street in London. President Carter tapped Aaron to lead an inter-agency mission to structure an agreement with European nations to deploy U.S. Pershing Missiles and Ground Launched Cruise Missiles in Europe, in response to the deployment of SS-20 Intermediate Missiles by the Soviet Union. He persuaded key governments to accept the U.S. deployments, as well as to seek negotiations with the U.S.S.R. for the future bilateral elimination of the deployments. Aaron was also seen as a tough and sometimes controversial figure. The U.S. Ambassador in Paris complained that he was going behind his back in secret dealings with French President Giscard d'Estaing's office. In 1978, he came head to head with Director of Central Intelligence Turner of the CIA, on Turner's cutbacks and at the CIA. Aaron's image as a "tough customer" was intensified during an attack on North Yemen by South Yemen which was backed by the Soviet Union. President Carter, Brzezinski and Cyrus Vance were on a mission to Egypt and Israel. He remained in Washington to coordinate the U.S. response. Aaron's hard-line against Communist expansion led him to push for the dispatch of $400 million in arms to North Yemen. White House staff commented on his tough rule, one staff member was quoted as saying, "Believe it or not, people were relieved when Brzezinski got back to town". Post-government career When Reagan became President in 1981, Aaron moved into the private sector, becoming Vice President for Mergers and Acquisitions at Oppenheimer and Co. and Vice Chairman of Oppenheimer International. Aaron left Oppenheimer in 1985, to write and lecture, but went on to serve on the board of directors of Oppenheimer's Quest for Value Dual Purpose Fund. Over the next several years he published three novels (State Scarlet; Agent of Influence and Crossing By Night) which were translated into ten languages. He also wrote a television documentary, "The Lessons of the Gulf War", hosted by former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff William J. Crowe. He was also a consultant for the 20th Century Fund, from 1990 to 1992. Aaron was involved in the election campaigns of Walter Mondale and Bill Clinton. In Mondale's campaign, Aaron played a leading role as senior consultant on foreign policy and defense. Aaron served in Clinton's foreign policy team during his election campaign. OECD Ambassador tenure and aftermath In 1993 he became United States Permanent Representative to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in Paris, and in 1996 was assigned the additional job of White House Special Envoy for Cryptography. At the OECD he successfully negotiated the Convention to Prohibit Bribery in International Business Transactions. As Special Envoy for Cryptography, Aaron pushed for a global standard that would require computer users with high grade encryption to submit keys to their codes for scrambling data to an independent authority, which would hold them in escrow and make them available to law enforcement only under a court order. At the time, he argued that unbreakable codes in the hands of terrorists would threaten every country's security. However, he was attacked by advocates of privacy rights, who said that the compromise could easily be misused by Governments and corporations. In 1997 he was appointed Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade, where ironically he negotiated privacy rules with the European Union on the handling of personal data. After Clinton's second term in office, Aaron became senior international advisor at Dorsey & Whitney. He left Dorsey & Whitney in 2003 to join the RAND Corporation as a senior fellow. At RAND, he directs The Center For Middle East Public Policy and recently produced a non fiction book, "In their Own Words: Voices of Jihad", published by the RAND Corporation. Personal life David married Chloe Aaron in 1962, with whom he had a son; his wife died in early 2020. He is a member of the American Ditchley Foundation, the Atlantic Council, the Council on Foreign Relations, the International League of Human Rights, the National Democratic Institute, and the Pacific Council on International Policy. References The Other Side of the Story, Jody Powell, Morrow 1984 External links David L. Aaron Papers at the Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library, Princeton University Occidental College alumni 1938 births Living people United States Under Secretaries of Commerce Ambassadors of the United States to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development United States Deputy National Security Advisors Princeton School of Public and International Affairs alumni American expatriates in Ecuador
17370524	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20L.%20King	Robert L. King	Robert L. King (born December 27, 1946) is an American higher education leader and former Assistant Secretary for Postsecondary Education at the U.S. Department of Education. He previously served as president of the Kentucky Council on Postsecondary Education. Other notable positions include having served Monroe County, New York Executive and as Chancellor of the State University of New York. On July 11, 2019, He was confirmed by the United States Senate as Assistant Secretary for Postsecondary Education. Early life and education King was born and raised in Brighton, Monroe County, New York and graduated from Brighton High School. He graduated from Trinity College (Connecticut) and earned a Juris Doctor at the Vanderbilt University School of Law. Early career He began his career as a Deputy District Attorney in California. He returned to Rochester where he served as an Assistant District Attorney, as well as a Special Assistant United States Attorney working for the Organized Crime Strike Force, and ran unsuccessfully for Monroe County District Attorney against Howard M. Relin in 1983. Politics He was a member of the New York State Assembly from 1987 to 1991, sitting in the 187th, 188th and 189th New York State Legislatures. It was there that he met fellow Assemblyman George Pataki, who greatly influenced his later career. In 1991, he unseated Thomas Frey to become Monroe County Executive. In 1995, King resigned his office to join then-Governor Pataki as director of the State Office of Regulatory Reform. He cited his proposals to reform welfare, his introduction of Total Quality Management to county offices, the development of Frontier Field, education reforms, and collaboration with the city as his proudest achievements and his inability to achieve privatization of government services as his biggest disappointment. Education In 1998, King became Pataki's budget director. In 1999, after a nearly year-long search, Pataki advanced King as a candidate to fill the shoes of John W. Ryan, the ailing Chancellor of the State University System, a move applauded by fiscal conservatives, but criticized by the SUNY rank and file. King had little experience in higher education and had authorized a SUNY budget freeze only two months prior. Additionally, Pataki had a longstanding desire to reduce the role of the state in the University's funding which already led to one Chancellor's departure. SUNY's board of trustees unanimously approved him and he took office on January 1, 2000. During his time as Chancellor, funding for the University System began to shift from state taxpayers to private hands, which required campuses to seek revenue from tuition increases, from outside research grants and contracts, and from outside donations. King also sought to index tuition to inflation for the first time in the University System's history. Also the system made significant gains in enrollment, average SAT scores, research and fundraising. Total headcount enrollment grew by 40,000 students from 2000 to 2004, and the number of minority students grew 20 percent. SAT scores of incoming freshmen improved at every campus, and the average SAT score for the system was 1150 in 2004, 100 points above the national public mean score. From 2000 to 2005, SUNY research grew from $554.6 million to $918.9 million while fundraising grew $186.9 million in 2000 to $323.6 million in 2003. After five years on the job, King sought a leave of absence, citing family issues, but the paid sabbatical raised the ire of the New York State Legislature. King publicly rescinded his request, and spent the next few months negotiating an agreement to move from his position into that of Interim President of State University of New York at Potsdam. After retiring from SUNY, he joined the Arizona Community Foundation as its President and CEO. At the end of 2008, King retired from the Arizona Community Foundation to take up the position of president of the Kentucky Council on Postsecondary Education in January 2009. King served as the Council's third president, succeeding Gordon Davies and Thomas Layzell, until November 2018. As president, King led Kentucky's efforts to implement legislation regarding college readiness (KRS 164.302), college transfer (KRS 164.020) and training college board members (KRS 164.020). He also encouraged significant reform in teacher and principal training through the Kentucky Rising initiative. During King's tenure as the state's higher education leader, Kentucky's public institutions saw steady growth in degrees and credentials, as well as student readiness rates. From 2009 to 2014, degrees and credentials grew 18.8 percent and transfers from the Kentucky Community and Technical College System to four-year colleges increased 31.4 percent. College readiness rates of all high school graduates increased 31 percentage points, of 32 to 63 percent. Readiness of Kentucky college entrants also experienced an increase of 18 percentage points, or 52 to 70 percent. In addition, King moved to limit tuition increases at Kentucky's colleges and universities. Between 2009–10 and 2016–17, resident undergraduate tuition and fees represented a 60 percent reduction in the average rate of increase compared to the previous seven years. King also led efforts to move a portion of state funding for higher education to an outcomes-based model. King is a member of numerous boards and organizations. He has served as vice chair and chair of the Executive Committee of the State Higher Education Executive Officers (SHEEO). Other notable board positions include the Board of Trustees of A.T. Still University and the National Center on Education and the Economy. Trump administration On August 21, 2018, President Donald J. Trump announced his intent to nominate King to the position of Assistant Secretary for Postsecondary Education at the U.S. Department of Education. King's nomination was formally submitted on August 27, 2018. On July 11, 2019, the United States Senate confirmed his nomination by a vote of 56–37. References 1946 births County executives in New York (state) Living people Members of the New York State Assembly New York (state) lawyers New York (state) Republicans Politicians from Rochester, New York Chancellors of the State University of New York Vanderbilt University alumni Trinity College (Connecticut) alumni
57216484	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aradus%20intectus	Aradus intectus	Aradus intectus is a species of flat bug in the family Aradidae. It is found in North America. References Aradidae Articles created by Qbugbot Insects described in 1921
982741	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam%20and%20Amanda%20Fowler	Sam and Amanda Fowler	Sam Fowler and Amanda Cory are fictional characters from the American soap opera Another World. Sam was played by Robert Kelker-Kelly, Danny Markel, and Brian Lane Green. Amanda was played by Sandra Ferguson, Christine Tucci, and Laura Moss. The couple were a popular super couple for fans during the late 1980s and early 1990s. Their love affair lasted from 1987, shortly after their first meeting, until 1990. They remarried in 1991 and the second try lasted until early 1993 when it ended in divorce. History Amanda Cory is the only biological child of wealthy publisher Mac (Douglass Watson) and Rachel Cory (Victoria Wyndham). She had a rocky childhood with her parents constantly splitting up, among other events. She still led a life of privilege and enjoyed a close bond with her family. In 1987, Amanda returned to Bay City from Paris, where she was attending school. At the same time, a man named Sam Fowler came to town. He was there to find his half-brother, Mitch Blake (William Gray Espy), who was also the biological father of Amanda's brother, Matthew. Sam was a budding artist and needed a place to stay. When Amanda returned to town, she was informed by her brother that their parents were throwing a cotillion for her. She was angry as she did not want to have people perceive her as spoiled, rich, or glamorous. When Amanda told Rachel that she didn't want the party (mere hours before it was to be held), Rachel was crushed because all she wanted was to give Amanda the perks that she was denied when she grew up poor. Rachel's mother Ada (Constance Ford) understood Rachel's sadness but she implored her to understand her daughter's right to have a say on events that impacted her life. Amanda did not want to hurt her mother, however, and showed up at the cotillion on time, in full debutante regalia. Mitch had the idea to have Sam work as a valet at Amanda's party to earn some money. Mitch had to promise his fiancée Felicia Gallant (Linda Dano) that Mac was not to know that Sam was related to him, due to previous issues between the Cory family and him. When Amanda first showed up at the Cory mansion, Sam mistook Amanda for another valet, and was fairly bossy toward her. Amanda just wanted to be treated like any other person, so she did not tell him who her parents were, and since he did not see her at the debutante ball, he remained blissfully unaware. She made up this persona called "Mandy Ashton" and started working on Brava Magazine at Cory Publishing, her father's company. She made her father promise not to tell anyone who she was, and that he could only talk about it to people who knew (such as her mother, and her best friend Julie Ann). He agreed, under the guise that she did not want to be treated differently due to who her parents were. Mac also hired Sam as a cover art designer, with Felicia pulling some strings with Rachel to get him the job. "Mandy" buddied up to Sam and eventually started working as his assistant. Over time, they fell in love. Sam's friend Joyce came to break them up but was unsuccessful. Eventually, however, Sam found out, fired "Mandy", and became very resentful toward Amanda; this stemmed from Sam's long animosity against anyone who had money. After Amanda pleaded with him that she was still the same person he fell in love with, he took her back. Amanda lost her virginity to Sam and later found out that she was pregnant with his child. At first she did not tell him, as she found out when they were estranged, but she eventually told him the truth when they reconciled. While he had mixed feelings, he realized that he was going to love this baby with all of his heart. Mac Cory, who did not know that Sam was related to Mitch, was finally let in on the information. Liz Matthews (Irene Dailey), who had come back to town and resumed secretarial duties for Mac, found Sam's file and told Mac that his next of kin was Mitch and that they were brothers. Mac saw red and wanted to fire Sam, and was very disillusioned that his wife would also lie about the situation (she had been sworn to secrecy by Felicia, and understood that she would be more accepting of Sam than Mac would). After a while, however, Mac's emotions cooled and he grew to accept Sam, or as much as Mac knew how. With everyone in the know, Sam and Amanda got engaged and planned a wedding. Sam and Mitch's mother Loretta (Rosemary Murphy) came to town, and her big secret was revealed fairly early: she was a kleptomaniac. When Loretta stole a wedding present to give to Amanda, Sam confronted her on his wedding day and ordered her to take it back. When Loretta denied that she ever stole anything, Sam yelled at her and said he was fed up with having such a horrible mother. Shocked, Loretta slapped him and walked out. Sam took matters into his own hands and went to Chicago, where his mother stole the present, with the intent of returning it. When he got there, however, he was accused of thieving the item. Sam, pushed over the edge, punched the security guard and was arrested. Amanda did not know what was going on and waited for Sam at the chapel. She was heartbroken when he didn't show up, but believed, deep down in her heart, that he would not do this to her without a good reason. Mac told everyone that he knew that Sam would break her heart the whole time, because he was related to Mitch. Squabbling ensued, with Ada finally ordering everyone to be quiet. Loretta admitted that they had a fight, and told the Corys what it involved. Sam was freed from the jail and raced back to town, only to find that he was too late. He drove up to the Cory mansion and spied on the squabbling guests, finally deciding on climbing up to Amanda's window. She started to yell at him for missing their important day, but as soon as he explained, Amanda hugged him and knew their love was real. They decided to go back to the church and the two held a late-night wedding. They wed shortly before Amanda gave birth to her only child, Alexandra "Alli" Fowler (named after Mac's mother). Amanda, who was always very close to her father, was devastated when he died of a heart attack. Their marriage fell apart when Sam found out she was sleeping with Evan Frame (Charles Grant), but the two got back together again for a short time, until Sam left Amanda to focus on his music career. Amanda began writing a biography on Senator Grant Harrison (Mark Pinter), and after his marriage to Vicky Hudson (Jensen Buchanan) fell apart, the two of them began a romantic relationship. Then Evan Frame came back to town. He tried to start up a relationship, but Amanda wasn't interested in cheating on her fiance. When Amanda and Evan were in a car accident together, Grant assumed she'd been unfaithful, but married her while she was still recovering. She spent months in a wheelchair with Grant calling all the shots, but as soon as she could walk again and realized what a skunk her husband was, she divorced him. When his mother showed up in town pretending to be Rachel, Amanda left, feeling like her mother didn't want her around. Amanda returned a few months later, determined to break her mother and Carl up. She pretended to be a woman named "Hadley Prescott", who was having an affair with Amanda. Eventually she was found out, but not before developing feelings for IAD officer Neil Johansen, co-owner of the Herald Jake McKinnon (Matt had given Amanda his half), and carpenter-turned-doctor Shane Roberts. After Carl was presumed dead, Amanda put her anger with Carl behind her to support her mother. Amanda began a romantic relationship with Frank Cameron, a convict-turned-FBI-agent who was sent to infiltrate the Cory household. Despite misgivings about his past, Amanda fell in love with Cameron, who she discovered was really Cameron Sinclair, and the two began to plan their future together, until Amanda discovered that while she and Gary were fighting for their lives, Cameron and Josie were making love on the beach. She was able to forgive him for the affair, and the two began planning for their wedding. On the day of the ceremony, Amanda learned that Josie was pregnant with Cameron's baby, and he'd been lying to her all along. She called off the ceremony, then spent a time being stalked by Jordan Stark, who knew that Amanda was the reincarnation of his dead wife, Amalie Kittridge. Cameron was instrumental in saving her, and the two ended up getting married after all. Television characters introduced in 1978 Television characters introduced in 1987 Fowler
4106977	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queue	Queue	Queue () may refer to: Queue area, or queue, a line or area where people wait for goods or services Arts, entertainment, and media ACM Queue, a computer magazine The Queue (publishing company), an American publishing company The Queue (Sorokin novel), a 1983 novel by Russian author Vladimir Sorokin The Queue (Abdel Aziz novel), a 2013 novel by Egyptian author Basma Abdel Aziz Mathematics and technology Queue (abstract data type), a type of data structure in computer science Circular queue Double-ended queue, also known as a deque Priority queue FIFO (computing and electronics) Load (computing) or queue, system load of a computer's operating system Message queue Queueing theory, the study of wait lines Other uses Queue (hairstyle), a Manchurian pigtail See also Cue (disambiguation) FIFO (disambiguation) First-come, first-served Q (disambiguation) Q, the letter Que (disambiguation) ja:待ち行列 pl:Kolejka sv:Kö
34983554	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanthocrambus%20caducellus	Xanthocrambus caducellus	Xanthocrambus caducellus is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in Spain, France, Switzerland and Italy. References Moths described in 1909 Crambinae Moths of Europe
66122870	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boro%20River	Boro River	The Boro River is a river of South Sudan, a headwater of the Magadhik River, which in turn is a headwater of the Lol River. Course The Boro River rises in Western Bahr el Ghazal near the border with Haute-Kotto in the Central African Republic and flows in an easterly direction. It is joined from the right by the Raja River to the northeast of the town of Raga. At its confluence with the Sopo River on the border with Northern Bahr el Ghazal the combined streams form the Magadhik River, which flows east to its junction with the Chel River near Nyamlell to form the Lol River, a tributary of the Kiir or Bahr al-Arab. Notes Sources Rivers of South Sudan
47790085	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetrischema%20alternatum	Symmetrischema alternatum	Symmetrischema alternatum is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Povolný in 1990. It is found in Peru. References Symmetrischema Moths described in 1990
37208678	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emam%20Safi	Emam Safi	Emam Safi (, also Romanized as Emām Şafī; also known as Emām and Imām Shāfī) is a village in Gazin Rural District, Raghiveh District, Haftgel County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 224, in 32 families. References Populated places in Haftkel County
12666865	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broughton%20Island%2C%20New%20Zealand	Broughton Island, New Zealand	Broughton Island is the second largest island of The Snares, at . It sits just off the South Promontory of the main island North East Island, which itself lies approximately south of New Zealand's South Island. The island is some in size, with the main axis running northeast to southwest, and the highest elevation is . The island is named after William Robert Broughton. See also New Zealand Subantarctic Islands List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands#List of subantarctic islands List of islands of New Zealand List of islands Desert island References Islands of the Snares Islands / Tini Heke Important Bird Areas of the Snares Islands
26530284	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batsford%20Books	Batsford Books	Batsford Books is an independent British book publisher. Batsford was founded in 1843 by Bradley Thomas Batsford. For some time it was an imprint of Pavilion Books. Upon the purchase of Pavillion Books by HarperCollins, on 1 December 2021 B. T. Batsford Ltd once again became an independent publishing house, with Pitkin as an imprint. Polly Powell, former owner of Pavillion Books, became the owner of Batsford Books and John Stachiewicz was appointed chairman A prominent chairman of the firm from 1952 until 1974 was Brian Batsford, known as Brian Cook, who designed many of its dust-jackets. Notable series in past years have included The Face of Britain series, the English Heritage series, the Batsford Paperbacks and Batsford's Half-Guinea Library. Batsford publishes books in various specialty categories such as applied arts, bridge, chess, horticulture and industrial archaeology. Current publications include Millie Marotta's colouring books which have sold in excess of 5 million copies world-wide. Batsford has co-published books with organisations such as the Twentieth Century Society. Under Pavillion, Pitkin Publishing was bought from The History Press in 2017. Pitkin was founded c.1947 and publishes works on English cathedrals and other places of historic and cultural interest. Batsford organises the Batsford Prize in conjunction with Cassart. The prize is an annual student award open to national and international undergraduate and postgraduate students of fine and applied art, fashion and illustration. There are five categories for entrants: Fine Art, Applied Arts, Fashion, Illustration and Children's Illustration. References Publishing companies of the United Kingdom 1843 establishments in England
43143866	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequatchie%20Formation	Sequatchie Formation	The Sequatchie Formation is a geologic formation in Alabama, Georgia, and Tennessee. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period. See also List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Tennessee Paleontology in Tennessee References Ordovician geology of Tennessee Ordovician southern paleotemperate deposits
14096768	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gmina%20Mi%C4%99dzylesie	Gmina Międzylesie	Gmina Międzylesie is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Kłodzko County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Międzylesie, which lies approximately south of Kłodzko, and south of the regional capital Wrocław. The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2019 its total population is 7,186. Neighbouring gminas Gmina Międzylesie is bordered by the gminas of Bystrzyca Kłodzka and Stronie Śląskie. It also borders the Czech Republic. Villages Apart from the town of Międzylesie, the gmina contains the villages of Boboszów, Czerwony Strumień, Długopole Górne, Dolnik, Domaszków, Gajnik, Gniewoszów, Goworów, Jaworek, Jodłów, Kamieńczyk, Lesica, Michałowice, Nagodzice, Niemojów, Nowa Wieś, Pisary, Potoczek, Różanka, Roztoki, Smreczyna and Szklarnia. Twin towns – sister cities Gmina Międzylesie is twinned with: Dolsk, Poland Králíky, Czech Republic Lohne, Germany References Miedzylesie Kłodzko County
37192365	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheelchair%20tennis%20at%20the%202004%20Summer%20Paralympics%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20doubles	Wheelchair tennis at the 2004 Summer Paralympics – Men's doubles	The men's doubles wheelchair tennis competition at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in Athens was held from 19 September to 26 September at the Athens Olympic Tennis Centre. Draw Key INV = Bipartite invitation IP = ITF place ALT = Alternate r = Retired w/o = Walkover Finals Top half Bottom half References Men's doubles
68313213	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacco%20taliensis	Zacco taliensis	Zacco taliensis is a species of cyprinid of the genus Zacco. It inhabits Erhai Lake in Yunnan, China. It has a maximum length among unsexed males of , a common length among unsexed males of and a maximum published weight of . It was described by Charles Tate Regan in 1907, is considered harmless to humans and has not been classified on the IUCN Red List. References Cyprinid fish of Asia Freshwater fish of China Fish described in 1907
39526618	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Alejandro%20Hern%C3%A1ndez%20Show	The Alejandro Hernández Show	The Alejandro Hernández Show (sometimes shortened to TAHS) is a web series broadcast on YouTube, which tells the reality of the Facebook generation and reflects Venezuelan customs. It was created in 2009 by Alejandro Hernández who also writes, directs and edits the episodes himself. It is the first web series to become successful in Venezuela. His first episode, "Cita de salir + el @", which talks about Facebook's "favorite quotations" and the use of the At sign, occurred to Hernández while he was browsing his Facebook profile and noticed they were used in wrong ways, which motivated him to create his show. Hernández said that the idea started because he wanted to "vent to the world" and the episodic content mainly included criticism about recurring grammatical mistakes, but it became a more elaborated program in the future. The appeal of the show is in the way it mixes local customs with pop culture and technology. Hernández believes that show's success relies on his ability to make people identify with the things he says. He stated that he enjoys giving his show "a touch of Hollywood". He added "in my country, people aren’t used to this type of production because most Venezuelan movies have a soap opera look, but thanks to the digital revolution, this is starting to change. His 18th episode, "Voz orgasmicangelical, profesores necios y la chama que no se calla la jeta", has been the most viewed to date, surpassing the million mark. The show was spoofed by Venezuelan comedian Luis Chataing in his program "Sí Luis". Plot Storyline and themes The show presents a series of sketches that usually narrate the everyday life of the Venezuelan citizen, especially from a juvenile point of view, targeting the Web 2.0 generation. The scripts reference, for the most part, popular phrases told by Venezuelan mothers, users behavior in social networks, movie trailer spoofs and generally a great amount of social satire. Recurring elements The excessive use of jump cuts and transitions is always present and it became the trademark of the show. It also includes sound effects of drum and trumpet hits in cut-to-black transitions, popularized by science fiction television series such as Lost and Fringe, both created by J. J. Abrams. In several interviews, Hernández has stated that Abrams is one of his main influences and he even paid tribute to the title sequence of Lost in episode 11. Production The series is not financed by a company and it is produced entirely by Hernández. Contrary to popular belief, the background with the show's logo that appears on most of the episodes is not digitally generated with the use of a green screen. Instead, a large LCD TV is used displaying the logo image in full screen. Hernández has stated several times that he uses Adobe Premiere Pro for non-linear editing, and Adobe After Effects for the colorization process and motion graphics. He uses his own 3x3 room where he recreates a filming set. The equipment used to shoot the series is a Canon EOS 550D DSLR camera. PlanetaUrbe TV and El Mostacho transition After the first episodes were uploaded to YouTube, Hernández signed a contract providing exclusive rights to PlanetaUrbe TV, where he was required to upload all of his content to PlanetaUrbe's video platform. However, several users could illegally extract the videos and they were eventually uploaded to YouTube, although with lower quality. From that point, episodes with shorter length categorized as Special Features started to air. They focused on a single subject and their numeric classification ended with ".5", depending on the episode that preceded. After the contract ended, the show came back to its traditional format and new episodes were uploaded to El Mostacho's YouTube channel, where it stayed for three months until episode 29 was released on June 17, 2012. Since then, there hasn't been any official announcements of new episodes, so the show's destiny remains unclear. Episodes The series consists of total of 29 episodes to date over one unique season, with episode 1 being released on September 12, 2009. The first six episodes were uploaded to Hernández's official Facebook page. It wasn't until episode 7 that they started airing on YouTube. Critical reception The Alejandro Hernández Show received mostly favorable reviews by the online community and by both Venezuelan and international press. In an article by Venezuelan renowned newspaper Diario Panorama, the show received a positive review, stating that Hernández became «one of the most influential Venezuelan figures in the 2.0 world». InfoSur Hoy, news source from Latin America and the Caribbean, considered Hernández as «the voice of Venezuelan youth» and also added that the show became «one of the most popular and talked-about programs in Venezuela». However, La Hojilla, a notable opinion program that airs on the government's official TV channel Venezolana de Televisión, loathed the content of the show, qualifying it as «stupid» and «a bad influence to Venezuelan youth». Mario Silva, the program's host, despite admitting that the series has «good editing and production», labeled Hernández as «dangerous», and someone to be careful about. Venezuelan host and comedian Luis Chataing mentioned Hernández in his Televen's talk show Chataing TV where he said that Hernández «is a maracucho that does an excellent work». When the show transitioned to PlanetaUrbe TV and El Mostacho, fan reaction was mostly unfavorable. They considered that the show was sacrificing quality content over revenue. In response to the criticism and appearance of product placement, a parody to the show's own audience was made in episode 25 (the last one broadcast on PlanetaUrbe TV) where Hernández mocks some of the criticism he was getting by including quotes such as «Alejandro, you're a sell-out!», affirmations to which Hernández responded with «Don't I have the right to make money? God dammit!». References External links Official YouTube Channel Official Twitter Official Facebook 2000s YouTube series 2009 web series debuts 2010s YouTube series Comedy web series
32252468	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahary	Bahary	Bahary () is a neighborhood in Alexandria, Egypt. See also Neighborhoods in Alexandria Populated places in Alexandria Governorate Neighbourhoods of Alexandria
60503629	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sashi%20Chalwe	Sashi Chalwe	Sashi Triehimus Chalwe (born 16 February 1983) is a former Zambian footballer. Career statistics Club Notes International International goals Scores and results list Zambia's goal tally first. References Living people 1983 births Zambian footballers Zambian expatriate footballers Association football defenders Hong Kong Premier League players Lusaka Dynamos F.C. players Mamelodi Sundowns F.C. players Bloemfontein Celtic F.C. players F.C. AK players Al Ahed FC players NAPSA Stars F.C. players Hong Kong Rangers FC players Expatriate soccer players in South Africa Zambian expatriate sportspeople in South Africa Expatriate footballers in Lebanon Expatriate footballers in Hong Kong Zambian expatriate sportspeople in Lebanon Lebanese Premier League players Zambia international footballers
66663098	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diawisie%20Taylor	Diawisie Taylor	Charles Diawisie Taylor (born 1 January 2000) is a Ghanaian professional footballer who currently plays as a striker for Sudanese club Al-Merrikh on loan from Egyptian Premier League club Future FC. He previously played for Bibiani Gold Stars. Career Karela United Taylor joined Karela United in January 2017. In his debut season, the 2016–17 Ghana Division One season, he had a slow start after playing 7 matches for the Nzema-based outfit without scoring. Taylor scored his debut goal in a 2–1 away win against Bekwai Youth Football Academy, before picking a knee injury a week later in the MTN FA Cup round of 64 match against Samraboi-based Samartex. He returned from injury to play the latter part of the season featuring in the last 4 matches of the season as Karela United were crowned champions of the Ghana Division One League Zone II and qualify to the Premier League for the first time in the club's history. He made his premier league debut for Karela in the Ghana Premier League on 17 March 2018, in a 1–0 home defeat to title favourites Medeama, he started and played the full game. On 1 April 2018, Taylor made history by scoring Karela's first ever Ghana Premier League goal via an assist from Donald Wellington, who also scored the third in a 3–0 win at home against Ebusua Dwarfs to grant Karela the club's first ever win in the Ghana Premier League after losing two and drawing one in their first three matches. Taylor's goal was scored in the 14th second after kick off making it the fastest goal in the Ghana Premier League history. In July 2018, the season was halted due to the suspension of the Ghana Football Association after the release of the Anas Number 12 expose. He ended the season with 7 appearances and a goal. On the opening week of the 2019 GFA Normalization Competition, Taylor scored the second goal in Karela's 2–1 victory over Ebusua Dwarfs. He went on to score a brace in three consecutive matches against Liberty Professionals, West African Football Academy and International Allies. Karela placed second in Group B behind Hearts of Oak and qualified to the Championship playoff. In the semi-final play-off on 19 June 2019, Taylor scored the winning goal connecting a pass from Solomon Sarfo Taylor in the fourth minute of second-half stoppage time to give Karela a 1–0 victory over Ashanti Gold at the Len Clay Stadium. On 23 June, he played in the championship final, where Karela lost 4–1 on penalties against Asante Kotoko after the match ended 1–1. Taylor scored a brace in the 2020–21 Ghana Premier League match against Berekum Chelsea on 17 January 2021. Future In October 2021, Taylor joined Egyptian club Future FC on a three-year deal for an undisclosed fee. Honours Karela United Ghana Division One League Zone II: 2017 Individual Ghana Division One League Top Scorer: 2016 GFA Special Competition Top Scorer: 2019 Ghana Premier League Top Scorer: 2020–21 References External links 2000 births Living people Ghanaian footballers Ghana Premier League players Association football forwards Karela United FC players
4454580	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%20Barroux	Le Barroux	Le Barroux (; ) is a village and commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France. It had a population of 629 in 2017. History Its current name derives from the Latin Albaruffum. Its castle was built in the 12th century to oppose Saracen and Italian incursions, and went through major overhauls in the 16th and 17th centuries. The castle was damaged during the French Revolution, was repaired in 1929 using private funds, was set on fire by German occupation troops in 1944 as a reprisal for acts of resistance, and restored again after 1960. In its chapel are 18th-century wall paintings that are registered as historical monuments. Its parish Church is dedicated to Saint John the Baptist. Outside the village is the traditionalist Roman Catholic Benedictine Abbey named Sainte-Madeleine du Barroux, founded in 1978 by Dom Gérard Calvet (1927–2008). Charles, Prince of Wales spent a week in the village in November 1990, convalescing after an operation. Le Barroux is sister town with the English village of Much Marcle. Economy Agriculture. Vineyards around the village produce Côtes du Ventoux AOC wine. Other productions are olive oil, cherries and apricots. Tourism. Visitors are attracted to the picturesque medieval village and castle and to the Benedictine abbey. Cyclists are attracted by the proximity of the Mont Ventoux, a mountain often featured in the Tour de France. See also Dentelles de Montmirail Communes of the Vaucluse department References Communes of Vaucluse
70139907	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LYRa11	LYRa11	LYRa11 is a SARS-like coronavirus (SL-COV) which was identified in 2011 in samples of intermediate horseshoe bats in Baoshan, Yunnan, China. The genome of this virus strain is 29805nt long, and the similarity to the whole genome sequence of SARS-CoV that caused the SARS outbreak is 91%. It was published in 2014. Like SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, LYRa11 virus uses ACE2 as a receptor for infecting cells. Phylogenetic See also Bat coronavirus RaTG13 References References Bat virome Coronaviridae Infraspecific virus taxa
397155	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloodscream	Bloodscream	Bloodscream (originally Bloodsport) is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is usually depicted as an enemy of Wolverine. Publication history Bloodscream's first appearance was in Wolverine vol. 2 #4 (February, 1989), and he was created by Chris Claremont and John Buscema. Fictional character biography Bloodscream is a being with traits and abilities that are similar to those of vampires, though he himself is not a vampire. Bloodscream was born in England in the 16th century. In his youth, he served as an apprentice to an unknown doctor before adulthood, in the manner typical of the Tudor period. He later served in Sir Francis Drake's pirate fleet as a naval surgeon between 1577 and 1580. In 1580, the surgeon is mortally wounded during an attack on a Spanish galleon and Drake personally directs him to be treated by a Native American shaman named Dagoo. The shaman, however, is actually a necromancer and is only able to save his life by transforming him into a vampire-like being. Enraged by his new condition, Bloodscream forces Dagoo to reveal the ingredients of the potion that had saved him and how to reverse the effects. Before he kills Dagoo, the necromancer reveals that the effects will only be reversed if the potion contains the blood of a man who doesn't age. Most of his activities over the centuries aren't known, with the exception that he continuously fights in any war he can, as Dagoo told him that was where he might find an immortal. During the 20th century, he serves as a soldier in the Wehrmacht, the armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. He sees action during World War II and first encountered the man then known only as Logan, who would later become Wolverine, during the Battle of Normandy (June 6 - August 25, 1944), when Wolverine is a corporal of the Canadian Forces. The two engage in a brief battle with Bloodscream being stabbed and left for dead. He runs into Wolverine decades later in Madripoor and notices that Wolverine hasn't aged since his encounter with him decades earlier. This leaves Bloodscream to believe that Wolverine's blood will work in the formula to transform him back into a human. He properly introduces himself to Wolverine while working in Madripoor as a criminal enforcer with his partner, Roughouse. During this time, he often comes into conflict with Wolverine, who was at the time in his alter-ego as "Patch", though he's never able to defeat him. He nearly kills one of Wolverine's close friends, Archie Corrigan, managing to scar his chest with a handprint before being interrupted. After he parts company with Roughouse, Bloodscream enters a partnership with Cylla Markham of the Reavers, who at that point is tracking Wolverine for reasons of her own. He joins her in tracking Wolverine all throughout the high Canadian wilderness and they finally locate him, though both he and Cylla are near death from hunger and fatigue. Knowing he has no chance against Wolverine unless he's at his peak, Bloodscream turns on Cylla and drains her of blood. Bloodscream then confronts Wolverine, who is armed with the honor sword of Clan Yashida. The sword is a katana forged by demon blacksmiths from a fallen meteorite. As the sword wasn't forged by mortal man, Bloodscream is vulnerable to it and is struck down by Wolverine, who again leaves him for dead. However, Bloodscream later reappears, and revives the androids Albert and Elsie-Dee, hoping to use them to locate Wolverine. Bloodscream later begins working as a mercenary again with Roughouse, the two being hired by villain the Black Tarantula for a time before being defeated and captured by Spider-Man- although they were unaware of this as Spider-Man fought them using his four new identities- exchanging knowledge of the Tarantula's plans for their freedom. He encounters Wolverine a few more times and has recently been involved in a confrontation with Iron Man in which he was beaten. Iron Man stabbed him with a blade in his armour normally used to interface with outside systems. Maintaining Bloodscream's inability to be hurt with mortally forged weapons, this blade was created by a Stark Enterprises engineering robot rather than a man. Recently, Bloodscream and Roughouse have come into employment by HYDRA. They came into conflict with the Shadow Initiative. Already beheaded by Typhoid Mary, Bloodscream is defeated by the appearance of Ant-Man, who destroys Bloodscream's body by growing inside of it. However, Ant-Man states Bloodscream would have pulled himself back together, thus urging the Shadow Initiative to evacuate the HYDRA headquarters. Powers and abilities Bloodscream possesses a variety of superhuman abilities that are reminiscent of those possessed by supernatural vampires, even though he himself is not a true vampire. He possesses none of the supernatural or mystical vulnerabilities common to true vampires. He suffers no harm from sunlight, silver, or any other traditional weakness from folklore. Like true vampires, however, Bloodscream possesses superhuman strength, speed, stamina, agility, and reaction time. The full limits of Bloodscream's physical capabilities are unknown but are well beyond those of most known true vampires. Bloodscream must regularly feed from the blood or the lifeforce of other human beings in order to maintain his physical vitality. There are times in which he merely ingests blood and there are others when he drains an individual of his or her life energy. He is able to accomplish either by touching a victim's bare skin. If a victim survives, the victim is left with a red scar in the shape of Bloodscream's hand at the exact point where he touches a victim. It also can result, if Bloodscream chooses to absorb a victim's entire lifeforce, in the victim's body quickly withering into rapidly aged husk. Bloodscream is able to transform a dead victim into a mindless, zombie-like being that is forced to do his bidding, though he rarely does so. Bloodscream is functionally immortal in the sense that he is immune to the effects of aging and to all known diseases. He has also shown the ability to rapidly heal from physical injury and to regenerate damaged or destroyed tissues, similar to Wolverine's mutant healing factor. Bloodscream has, in the past, reattached his own head after being decapitated by Wolverine. According to the necromancer who transformed him into his current form, Bloodscream cannot be slain by any weapon created by a mortal being, though it is unknown this is true or not. It is known that he can at least be injured by weapons created by mortal hands, and Iron Man once managed to seriously injure him with a blade function in his armor that had been created by a Stark Industries robot rather than a living being. Bloodscream also possesses limited shape-shifting powers, able to transform from his 'normal' pale-skinned vampire likeness into a more monstrous form. His jaw expands to several feet deep, and his teeth grow to almost a foot long. Bloodscream's arms, hands, and fingers also elongate, with his fingernails growing out to a similar length as his teeth. In this state, Bloodscream is little more than an animal and his craving for blood reaches frenzied levels. Special skills Bloodscream is a good hand-to-hand combatant and has many connections throughout the criminal underworld, adding to his reputation as a mercenary for hire. His extended lifespan has granted him great experience in matters of naval warfare and piracy. In other media Television Bloodscream had a cameo in episode of the X-Men series along with Roughouse just as with the first ongoing Wolverine comic series. Video games Bloodscream appears as a boss in Wolverine: Adamantium Rage. Though he is not seen in the game, Bloodscream is briefly mentioned as having been murdered by a cult group called "The Circle of Eight" in the Facebook game Marvel: Avengers Alliance. References External links UncannyXmen.net Character Profile on Bloodscream Characters created by John Buscema Comics characters introduced in 1989 Fictional sailors Marvel Comics characters who are shapeshifters Marvel Comics characters who can move at superhuman speeds Marvel Comics characters with accelerated healing Marvel Comics characters with superhuman strength Marvel Comics supervillains Marvel Comics vampires Marvel Comics Nazis Characters created by Chris Claremont
10816465	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consulate%20General%20of%20the%20United%20States%2C%20Frankfurt	Consulate General of the United States, Frankfurt	The Consulate General of the United States in Frankfurt am Main represents the interests of the United States government in Frankfurt, Germany and nearby surrounding areas. It is the United States' largest Consulate General, and is larger, in terms of both personnel and facilities, than many U.S. Embassies. Technically a part of Mission Germany, and reporting through the Embassy of the United States in Berlin, the Frankfurt Consulate General operates with a significant degree of autonomy when compared to other U.S. Consulates. This is due in part to several large U.S. government regional centers housed within the Consulate, which provide support in the areas of security, construction, and financial matters to a number of other U.S Diplomatic posts located throughout Europe, the Middle East and Africa. In 2006 the Frankfurt Consulate General relocated most all of its operations to a single facility - a former hospital, once operated by the U.S military, and before that by the German military during World War II. The refurbished and now modified building is quite large and expansive. The Frankfurt Consular district covers the German states of Hesse, Rhineland-Palatinate, Baden-Württemberg, and Saarland. Use by intelligence agencies In March 2017 a series of documents, referred to as Vault 7, released by WikiLeaks revealed that the US government uses the consulate as a base for cyber operations. This diplomatic representation was known to be the largest US consulate worldwide, in terms of both personnel and facilities, and has played a prominent role in the US government's intelligence architecture for years. The intelligence personnel including CIA agents, NSA spies, military secret service personnel, the US Department of Homeland Security employees and the Secret Service employees are working in the building complex with high walls and barbed wire in the north of the city. In a radius of about 40 kilometers around Frankfurt, the Americans had also established a dense network of outposts and shell companies in Frankfurt. WikiLeaks documents reveal the Frankfurt hackers, part of the Center for Cyber Intelligence Europe (CCIE), were given cover identities and diplomatic passports to obfuscate customs officers to gain entry to Germany. The CIA station, in the consulate, is said to also collect Iranian intelligence in Europe, surveil on Iranian officials and target possible defectors who work in Iran's nuclear weapons program. References External links Official U.S. Consulate General Frankfurt web page Frankfurt United States Germany–United States relations
12693819	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uner%20Tan%20syndrome	Uner Tan syndrome	Uner Tan Syndrome, Unertan syndrome or UTS is a syndrome proposed by the Turkish evolutionary biologist Üner Tan. According to Tan, persons affected by this syndrome walk with a quadrupedal locomotion, make primitive noises and often have severe learning disabilities. Tan postulated that this is an example of "reverse evolution" (atavism). The proposed syndrome was featured in the 2006 BBC2 documentary The Family That Walks On All Fours. History The Ulaş family of nineteen from rural southern Turkey has been the primary example of the proposed syndrome. Tan described five members as walking with a quadrupedal gait using their feet and the palms of their hands. In infants, where this is a rare but a normal stage prior and sometimes following bipedal walking, such a gait is called "bear crawl". The affected family members also have learning disabilities and their speech is affected. Tan proposed that these are symptoms of Uner Tan syndrome. In January 2008, Tan reported on another family (four males and two females) located in southern Turkey. Four other unrelated cases in families are described as having various degrees of UTS. Two males are unable to stand up, while in other cases, can stand up but cannot make a step when standing. Less severe cases use toe walking, which is a normal phase in child gait development. Genetics Uner Tan syndrome has been linked to intrafamilial marriage and reproduction, which suggests that it is an autosomal recessive disorder. The main characteristic of this syndrome is habitual quadrupedalism, meaning they can stand up straight until they try to move, then they walk on their hands and knees. According to Tan, the syndrome may be placed in its own category under types of cerebellar ataxias. This simply means it is a type of disorder that involves the cerebellum becoming inflamed, resulting in lack of control of voluntary movements. Uner Tan syndrome falls into this category because it has similar symptoms to other cerebellar ataxia disorders such as Disequilibrium Syndrome (DES-H) and Cayman Syndrome. These symptoms include dysarthria, nystagmus, and hypoplasia of the cerebellum and vermis. Human geneticist Tayfun Ozcelik discovered homozygosity in a region on chromosome 9p24 in Uner Tan syndrome individuals. The very low density lipoprotein receptor gene (VLDLR) is located in this region, which is involved in the migration of neuroblasts within the brain. Ozcelik found mutations in the VLDLR gene in affected individuals, and suggested that these specific mutations may lead to VLDLR deficiency during the development of the brain. This may affect the proper formation of cerebrocerebellar structures critical for upright walking, resulting in quadrupedal locomotion. Other genes may also be involved in habitual quadrupedalism. For example, in some affected families, chromosome 17p13 was involved, while in other families 17p13 and 9p24 had no effect. This suggests the syndrome is genetically heterogeneous. The researchers took a different approach to isolate the gene that causes this syndrome by comparing the genealogy of all the families in which the syndrome had been reported. The two types of Uner Tan Syndrome, UTS type I and type II show genetic heterogeneity. In two of the first families (Antep and Çanakkale families) it was the VLDLR gene on chromosome 9p24. This is the only family so far to express homozygosity. It is possible for dissimilar mutations in the VLDLR gene to result in the same phenotype as a result of allelic heterogeneity. In the Iskenderun family, a different gene, WDR81 on chromosome 17p13.1-13.3 was isolated . The Iraqi family had CA8 on chromosome 8q isolated. In the last family studied (the Adana family), the researchers were not able to isolate any gene, only a locus on chromosome 13q. This isolation led to the implication of more genes as the causes of quadrupedalism. The fact that chromosome 9p24 had no effect on some families points to the genetic heterogeneity of the syndrome. Another approach for establishing the genealogy has been to compare UTS with similar syndromes such as disequilibrium syndrome (DES) and Joubert syndrome. UTS seems to be genetically different from DES in that DES can be linked to a single gene, VLDLR, located on chromosome 9p24. When compared with DES, Joubert syndrome has shown links to 7 gene mutations. As is the case with almost all diseases, the three syndromes compared show allelic heterogeneity. Researchers recently isolated a recessive TUBB2B mutation in one of the families diagnosed with UTS. This makes TUBB2B the fifth gene after VLDLR, WDR81, CA8 and ATP8A2, associated with this syndrome. Patients with mutations of TUBB2B are phenotypically similar to those with VLDLR, WDR81 and ATP8A2 mutations. The researchers proposed a tentative reclassification of UTS into three types based on how they present themselves clinically. They attribute the first type (referred to as developmental UTS) to mutations in TUBB2B and VLDLR. Type II (degenerative UTS) is linked to ATP8A2 and WDR81 while type III (UTS without cerebral malformations) implicates CA8. The problem with identifying the specific mutation that leads to Uner Tan syndrome is the fact that different mutations in a single gene can lead to a wide range of phenotypes. In the VLDLR gene, similar mutations may be responsible for different types of cerebellar ataxias that affect proper locomotion in humans. Criticism Neuroscientist and evolutionary psychologist Roger Keynes, psychologist Nicholas Humphrey and medical scientist John Skoyles have argued that the gait of these individuals is due to two rare phenomena coming together, not atavism. First, instead of initially crawling as infants on their knees, they started off learning to move around with a "bear crawl" on their feet. Second, due to their congenital brain impairment, they found balancing on two legs difficult. Because of this, their motor development was channeled into turning their bear crawl into a substitute for bipedalism. Üner Tan and colleagues claim that UTS differs from disequilibrium syndrome. See also The Family That Walks On All Fours, documentary about the Ulas family VLDLR-associated cerebellar hypoplasia References Further reading Syndromes Gait abnormalities
5731275	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robbie%20Hedges	Robbie Hedges	Robbie Hedges was the chief of the Peoria tribe of Indians of Oklahoma. In 2000 she was the first woman to be elected to the position. Hedges, a former office manager, found that there were no other candidates when Chief Joe Goforth resigned. She decided to run in part based on the tradition of tribal service set by her grandmother, who had lived to age 108. References Year of birth missing (living people) Living people Female Native American leaders
2598371	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You%20Can%27t%20Be%20True%2C%20Dear	You Can't Be True, Dear	"You Can't Be True, Dear" is a popular German song. History It was originally written as a German language song, "Du Kannst Nicht Treu Sein," by composer Hans Otten and lyricist Gerhard Ebeler. English language lyrics and title were written by Hal Cotten. In 1948, Ken Griffin recorded the song, first released as an instrumental and later with vocalist Jerry Wayne dubbing the lyrics, both of which became popular in releases by an independent company, Rondo Records. A number of other versions were also recorded that year. The recording by Ken Griffin and Jerry Wayne was released by Rondo Records as catalog number 228. It first reached the Billboard magazine Best Seller chart on April 2, 1948 staying at #1 for seven weeks. The instrumental recording by Ken Griffin was released by Rondo Records as catalog number 128. It first reached the Billboard magazine Best Seller chart on July 2, 1948 peaking at #2. Both the vocal and solo organ versions charted for 23 weeks and sold an estimated 3,500,000 copies. Note that this version was recorded and released first, but charted after the vocal version. Renditions A number of other versions were also recorded in 1948. The recording by Dick Haymes with The Song Spinners was released by Decca Records as catalog number 24439. It first reached the Billboard Best Seller chart on May 28, 1948, and lasted 13 weeks on the chart, peaking at #9. Both sides of this recording were cover versions of bigger hits, but both charted; the flip side was "Nature Boy", a major hit for Nat King Cole. The recording by The Sportsmen was released by Capitol Records as catalog number 15077. It first reached the Billboard Best Seller chart on May 28, 1948, and lasted 13 weeks on the chart, peaking at #11. The flip side, "Toolie Oolie Doolie," also charted. The recording by The Marlin Sisters was released by Columbia Records as catalog number 38211. It first reached the Billboard magazine Best Seller chart on June 4, 1948, and lasted 4 weeks on the chart, peaking at #19. The flip side, "Toolie Oolie Doolie," also charted (oddly enough, in both The Sportsmen's and the Marlin Sisters' version, the same song was the flip side and in both cases, both sides made the charts). The recording by Dick James was released by RCA Victor Records as catalog number 20-2944. It first reached the Billboard magazine Best Seller chart on June 25, 1948, and lasted 2 weeks on the chart, peaking at #19. This was his only charting hit. Two artists in the United Kingdom also recorded the song at about the same time. Vera Lynn recorded the song on March 10, 1948, which was released by the UK Decca label under catalog number F-8883, and Dolores Gray made a recording on August 13, 1948, released by the UK Columbia label under catalog number DB 2451. Vera Lynn's recording also charted in the United States. This recording was released by London Records as catalog number 202. It first reached the Billboard magazine Best Seller chart on May 21, 1948, and lasted 7 weeks on the chart, peaking at #14. A revival of the song by Patti Page (Columbia Records catalog number 4-44345) became popular in 1965, spending 8 weeks on the Billboard Easy listening music chart, peaking at #11. Other recordings Eddy Arnold (1954) Pat Boone (1959) Carol Channing and Webb Pierce (1976) Connie Francis (1963) Will Glahe (1948) Ken Griffin (vocal: Jerry Wayne) (1948) Ken Griffin (Instr.) (1948) Dick Haymes and The Song Spinners (1948) Dick James (1948) Die Lustige München Musikanten (under the title "Du Kannst Nicht Treu Sein") Henry Lindblom with Stig Holm's "Rhythm Masters". Swedish lyrics written by Fritz-Gustaf, entitled "Som vind om våren". Recorded in Stockholm on December 28, 1948. It was released on the 78 rpm record His Master's Voice X 7464. Vera Lynn (1948) The Marlin Sisters with Eddie Fisher (1948) Mary Kaye Trio (1959) Patti Page (1965) Bob Ralston Somethin' Smith and the Redheads The Sportsmen (1948) Gale Storm Billy Vaughn Lawrence Welk References American songs German songs 1948 songs Vera Lynn songs
68107397	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arenopsaltria	Arenopsaltria	Arenopsaltria is a genus of true bugs belonging to the family Cicadidae. The species of this genus are found in Australia. Species: Arenopsaltria fullo Arenopsaltria nubivena Arenopsaltria pygmaea References Cicadidae
10850859	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Nichols%20%28Worcestershire%20cricketer%29	John Nichols (Worcestershire cricketer)	John Ernest Nichols (20 April 1878 – 29 February 1952) was an English first-class cricketer who played five games for Worcestershire between 1902 and 1904, as well as making one first-class appearance for Minor Counties in 1912. He had little success in any of these matches. Nichols also played for Norfolk and Staffordshire in the Minor Counties Championship, playing into his fifties for Norfolk. In 1927 he returned an analysis of 12.2–6–14–7 for Norfolk against Leicestershire Second XI. He stood in one match as an umpire: that between Minor Counties and the South Africans at Lakenham in 1924. Nichols was born in Acle, Norfolk; he died at the age of 73 in Thorpe St Andrew, also in Norfolk. References External links Statistical summary from CricketArchive English cricketers Worcestershire cricketers English cricket umpires 1878 births 1952 deaths People from Broadland (district) Norfolk cricketers Staffordshire cricketers Minor Counties cricketers
61609194	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmen%20Jeitler-Cincelli	Carmen Jeitler-Cincelli	Carmen Jeitler-Cincelli (born July 27, 1980 in Innsbruck), often shortened as Carmen Jeitler, is an Austrian entrepreneur, politician (ÖVP) and member of the Austrian National Council. She is Deputy General Secretary of the Austrian Business Association and City Councilor for Economics and City Marketing of the spa town of Baden bei Wien. Education Carmen Jeitler-Cincelli (née Cincelli) attended the elementary school in Sistrans and then the Akademisches Gymnasium Innsbruck, where she graduated in 1999 with the Matura. She completed her bachelor's degree and then master's degree in journalism and communication science at the University of Vienna. She took electives from law and philosophy. In 2018 she completed an executive course at the Executive School of Management, Technology and Law at the University of St. Gallen. Work Carmen Jeitler-Cincelli has been a partner since 2002 and a member of the management board of a communication and consulting firm established together with her husband. Since 2014 she is the sole managing director of the company. Her professional interests include location marketing, design and staging in commerce and communication for public institutions. As a speaker, she speaks on the topics of courage culture, leadership and city marketing, and destination branding. Politics and public functions Carmen Jeitler-Cincelli was already involved politically and socially in various fields during her schooling and studies. From the year 2007, she worked as district chairwoman of the association Woman In The Economy for the district Baden, which she held until the year 2015. In 2009, she ran for the European Parliament in the European elections of that year. In 2012, she was elected as the chairwoman of the Wirtschaftsbundes Baden. She unsuccessfully ran for the National Council in 2013. In 2014, she assumed the honorary position of chairwoman of the City Marketing Baden association with the aim of reviving the inner city of Baden and founded the non-profit regional lifestyle magazine Baden Passion, as its editor and editor-in-chief. As part of the 2014 program Evolution People's Party, she was Evolution Ambassador and participated in the substantive reorientation of the People's Party. In 2015, she ran for the city council of Baden and was appointed to the municipal council after the election as a councilor for business and city marketing. In her function as city councilor, she was responsible for the new development of the destination brand Baden bei Wien. In the National Council election of 2017, Carmen Jeitler-Cincelli ran as a leading candidate of the new People's Party in the newly created regional constituency Thermenregion and gained a seat in the XXVI. National Council. Carmen Jeitler-Cincelli negotiated the chapter on women in the coalition contract in the coalition negotiations on government formation following the election. On 8 March 2018, her appointment as Deputy Secretary General of the Austrian Business Association was announced with the task of strengthening and expanding the area of social policy. Parliamentary tasks Carmen Jeitler-Cincelli is a member of the following parliamentary committees: Foreign Policy Committee Permanent Subcommittee on European Union Affairs Permanent Subcommittee on matters relating to the European Stability Mechanism Equal Treatment Committee (deputy chairwoman) Committee on Family and Youth (secretary) Committee on Human Rights She is a substitute member of the Committee on Internal Affairs, the Committee on Economic Affairs, Industry and Energy, the Tourism Committee, and the Education Committee. Awards Carmen Jeitler-Cincelli has received numerous awards for her work in her communications company and has won more than 40 prizes in creative competitions over the years. Her company was repeatedly the most awarded advertising agency in Lower Austria. On a personal level, Carmen Jeitler won a runner-up in the young talent competition Cannes Young Lions Austria twice. Personal life Carmen Jeitler-Cincelli is married to the entrepreneur and anti-corruption expert Georg H. Jeitler and is the mother of three children. The children of the couple were born in the years 2002, 2005 and 2009. Carmen Jeitler lives and works in Baden bei Wien since 2001. She is a member of the Christian secondary school association Ch.Ö.M.M.V. Veldidena Innsbruck. Publications Erwartungen, mediale Bilder und ein möglicher Weg. In Poier, K. / Konschegg, K. / Spannring, J. (Hg.): Jugend und Soziale Gerechtigkeit. Leykam, Graz 2008, Vom Point of Sale zum Point of Tale – Der Verkaufsort als Träger von Geschichten. Magisterarbeit, Universität Wien 2012 Baden bei Wien: Mit viel Mut zur starken Stadtmarke. Der Faktor Mensch im Destinationsbranding. In Kausch, T. / Pirck, P. / Strahlendorf, P. (Hg.): Städte als Marken 2: Herausforderungen und Horizonte. New Business, Hamburg 2017, References External links Personal website of Carmen Jeitler-Cincelli Carmen Jeitler-Cincelli on Facebook Carmen Jeitler-Cincelli on the Austrian Parliament website Website of the city of Baden Website of the association Stadtmarketing Baden Website of the non-profit regional lifestyle magazine "Baden Passion Carmen Jeitler-Cincelli in www.meineabgeordneten.at 1980 births Living people Austrian People's Party politicians University of Vienna alumni Austrian businesspeople Austrian women in business Members of the National Council (Austria) 21st-century Austrian women politicians
20020963	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kikore	Kikore	Kikore is an administrative ward in the Kondoa district of the Dodoma Region of Tanzania. According to the 2002 census, the ward has a total population of 10,438. References Kondoa District Wards of Dodoma Region
38630249	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savin%20Rock%20Amusement%20Park	Savin Rock Amusement Park	Savin Rock was an American amusement park in West Haven, Connecticut. It was previously called The White City and was established in the 1870s . The park included a number of roller coasters, other rides and numerous funhouses. The park has been mentioned several novels such as Eleanor Estes's Rufus M., Stephen King's Low Men in Yellow Coats and The Boogeyman. History The amusement park was established in the 1870s after entrepreneur George Kelsey extended the trolley lines and built a 1,500-foot pier at the end of Beach Street to accommodate a ferry service. Kelsey built the nearby Seaview Hotel, with rooms for up to 150 guests. A beachside resort grew around the hotel and pier, including a bandstand, a fountain, an observatory, a wooded area for picnics, and a carousel which was revolved first by manpower and later by a horse on a treadmill. Amusements were built by other businessmen, and soon the park had a zoo, a museum and a dance hall. Promoters organized cock fights, horse races and prize fights. In 1903 carnival rides were added and the area was officially opened as an amusement park called the White City with an entrance at the corner of Savin Avenue and Thomas Street. Around it, taking in Rock, Campbell and Beach streets, were theaters, restaurants and hotels. At its peak, “The Rock” took in a mile-long midway, with roller coasters, water chutes and carousel rides, There were bumper cars, fun houses, concerts and marathon dances. Visitors could enjoy shore dinners with frozen custard or split hot dogs, drink "honeydew," munch on popcorn, and consult mechanical fortune tellers or The Laughing Lady. Visitors could take in an auto race at the adjacent West Haven Speedway. The Rock had a variety of rides for its tourists. Its oldest ride was The Old Mill, built in 1904. Another ride was Shoot-the-Chutes, which was rebuilt and renamed The Mill Chutes, featuring a moving stairway saving ride-goers a hike to the ride entrance. Among the other rides were the Jitterbug, The Virginia Reel, and The Seaplane Swing. It also had several rollercoasters such as The Sky Blazer, The Racer, The Whirlwind Racer, The White City Flyer, and The Thunderbolt. By 1919, the park, now called Savin Rock Amusement Park, was attracting 1.2 million visitors each year. Liberty Pier was added to the park in 1922 and it brought a new roller coaster, The Devil, and a funhouse, Bluebeard’s Castle. The pier was destroyed in a fire in 1932. The Rock also had an array of funhouses. Noah’s Ark funhouse was decorated with Noah and his family on the deck, while the inside was filled with shaker boards and startling animal stunts. A Death Valley patented PTC funhouse was built on Beach Street, however its skull and cross bone façade was replaced with a Laffing Sal. Inside it is a swinging bridge a, a stretch of floor covered by a pillow, and a tilt room. Another funhouse was Bluebeard’s Castle which used Bluebeard’s mouth as an entrance and exit; it included “two tilt room, a floor with rollers, and lots of air holes. The stunts were plywood cutouts of Bluebeard and his gang…” Inside the White City was a movie theater, The Orpheum Theater, which was open all year round was owned by Doc Dewaltop from 1913 until it was destroyed by a fire in 1921. Jimmie’s Restaurant started out as Jimmie’s Hotdog Stand. It was famous for its split-top hotdogs. The Great Hurricane of 1938 flattened Beach Street and destroyed The Devil and The Thunderbolt rollercoaster. The park endured and another Thunderbolt was created. Although there were plans to enlarge the park during the 1950s, by the 1960s industrial and residential development had grown up around the park, and it gradually lost popularity and became run down. The park was finally closed in 1966. Many artifacts from the amusement park are preserved in the Savin Rock Museum and Learning Center in West Haven. In popular culture In Eleanor Estes's 1943 children's novel Rufus M., the chapter "The Flying Horse Named Jimmy" takes place at a fictionalized version of the park during the World War I era. Estes grew up in West Haven, which she called Cranbury in her novels. Savin Park also is the setting for chapter 4 of Stephen King's novella "Low Men in Yellow Coats", which appears in the 1999 collection "Hearts in Atlantis," and is mentioned in his short story "The Boogeyman." References Further reading "History." Discover West Haven. Genesis Framework, 10 Aug. 2009. Web. 10 Feb. 2013. External links Amusement parks in Connecticut Buildings and structures in West Haven, Connecticut Defunct amusement parks in the United States 1966 disestablishments in Connecticut
15891130	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS%20Fest	MS Fest	MS Fest was a music festival, held annually in Launceston, Tasmania Australia since 2006 until 2011 when the MS Society unsuccessfully attempted to establish a new event under the brand. Hobart, Tasmania. It was a single day event, held in February or March on a Saturday. The festival started in 2006 with a concert at Launceston's Regatta Ground to mark the 50th anniversary of the MS Society. The event sold out, and quickly became known as one of Tasmania's premier music events. In 2007 the event operation and funding was taken over by Launceston-based events company Opcon and relocated to Inveresk Showground to accommodate a larger crowd. There was a main stage, featuring mostly rock and hip hop, and a secondary stage, the Ministry of Sound arena, which featured DJ and electronic music throughout the day. In 2010, the festival returned to Inveresk Showground and sold over 13,000 tickets, the largest number of ticket sales to date. Over the years of operation Opcon attempted to negotiate an arrangement with the MS Society of Tasmania that would be sustainable and respectful of the huge financial risk the company was undertaking to deliver the event. In 2011 the MS Society of Tasmania announced that instead of negotiating a sustainable position with Opcon they would take the MS Fest brand and operate a new event, relocating to the Hobart TCA Grounds at Hobart for the 2012 show. The MS Society and its new operator commented "The commercial environment in Launceston for the event changed and MS Fest’s future became unsound. This and the opportunity to host the event at such an iconic and pristine venue such as the TCA grounds in Hobart made this the clear and sensible choice for MS Tasmania. We look forward to people making a weekend of it and travelling down for a great show." However, mere days before it was scheduled to begin, the 2012 festival was cancelled due to lack of ticket sales and the overwhelming success of Opcons rebranded festival, Breath of Life continuing in Launceston. The MS Society of Tasmania accrued huge loses with the failed 2012 event effectively losing all the funds which have been delivered to the charity over the successful years of operation by Opcon. As of now nowhere is no immediate future for the MS Fest at this point, but organisers hope to resurrect it in the not-too-distant future. Line-Ups by Year MS Fest 2006 The 2006 festival was the first installment of MS Fest, held on Saturday, 11 March 2006 at the Royal Park Regatta Grounds, Launceston. The line-up of artists included: MS Fest 2007 The 2007 event saw Silverchair's first Tasmanian performance in 7 years. The event was staged at Inveresk Showgrounds, Launceston, on Saturday, 10 March 2007. It featured a main stage and a Ministry of Sound arena, which featured DJs and electronic acts throughout the day. The event was emceed by Jabba. Artists who performed at the 2007 event include: MS Fest 2008 The 2008 installment took place on Saturday, 16 February 2008. The 2008 event was the biggest so far, with over 11,000 in attendance. The artists who performed are: MS Fest 2009 MS Fest 2010 The first installment of the line-up was announced on 15 September 2009. MS Fest 2011 MS Fest 2012 Line-up announced via the festival's Facebook page on Friday 18 November 2011. The festival was cancelled in early 2012 due to low ticket sales and poor weather predictions. As of now, there is no immediate future for the MS Fest, but hopefully, it will be resurrected in the near future. References External links MS Fest official website MS Fest official MySpace Music festivals in Australia Recurring events established in 2006
38077830	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huangdian	Huangdian	Huangdian (黄店镇) may refer to the following locations in China: Huangdian, Henan, town in Zhongmu County Huangdian, Shandong, town in Dingtao County Huangdian, Zhejiang, town in Lanxi
22280444	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arteriosclerosis%20obliterans	Arteriosclerosis obliterans	Arteriosclerosis obliterans is an occlusive arterial disease most prominently affecting the abdominal aorta and the small- and medium-sized arteries of the lower extremities, which may lead to absent dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial, and/or popliteal artery pulses. It is characterized by fibrosis of the tunica intima and calcification of the tunica media. See also Arteriosclerosis Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis Skin lesion References Vascular-related cutaneous conditions
28024767	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%20Richmond	Don Richmond	Donald Lester Richmond (October 27, 1919 – May 24, 1981) was a professional baseball third baseman. Minor leagues Richmond began his playing career in 1940, but it was interrupted for four years due to World War II. He won the International League batting crown in 1950 and 1951 while playing for the Rochester Red Wings, posting an amazing .350 average in 1951. Richmond served as player-manager for the Batavia Indians in 1959. Richmond was elected to the Rochester Red Wings Hall of Fame in 1990, and to the International League Hall of Fame in 2013. Major leagues Richmond played in the major leagues over parts of four seasons (1941, 1946–47, 1951) with the Philadelphia Athletics and St. Louis Cardinals. For his career, he compiled a .211 batting average in 152 at-bats, with two home runs and 22 runs batted in. Personal life Richmond was born in Gillett, Pennsylvania and died in Elmira, New York at the age of 61. References External links 1919 births 1981 deaths Philadelphia Athletics players St. Louis Cardinals players Major League Baseball third basemen Baseball players from Pennsylvania Elmira Pioneers players Anniston Rams players Greenwood Dodgers players Mobile Shippers players Temple University alumni Williamsport Grays players Toronto Maple Leafs (International League) players Birmingham Barons players Toledo Mud Hens players Baltimore Orioles (IL) players Rochester Red Wings players Syracuse Chiefs players Miami Marlins (IL) players Batavia Indians players
62442871	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karpovskoye	Karpovskoye	Karpovskoye () is a rural locality (a village) in Staroselskoye Rural Settlement, Vologodsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 25 as of 2002. Geography Karpovskoye is located 45 km southwest of Vologda (the district's administrative centre) by road. Korytovo is the nearest rural locality. References Rural localities in Vologodsky District
56671375	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trebouxiaceae	Trebouxiaceae	Trebouxiaceae is a family of green algae in the order Trebouxiales. References Green algae families Trebouxiales
67144267	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Averrhoidium	Averrhoidium	Averrhoidium is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Sapindaceae. Its native range is Southern Mexico, Brazil to Paraguay. Species: Averrhoidium dalyi Averrhoidium gardnerianum Averrhoidium paraguaiense Averrhoidium spondioides References Sapindaceae Sapindaceae genera
35765858	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics%20at%20the%201952%20Summer%20Olympics%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20long%20jump	Athletics at the 1952 Summer Olympics – Women's long jump	The Women's long jump at the 1952 Olympic Games took place on July 23 at the Helsinki Olympic Stadium. Yvette Williams from New Zealand won the gold medal and set a new Olympic record. Records Prior to this competition, the existing world and Olympic records were as follows. The following new Olympic records was set during this competition. Results Qualifying round Qualifying Performance 5.30 advance to the Final. Final NM — No Mark References External links Official Olympic Report, la84.org. Athletics at the 1952 Summer Olympics Long jump at the Olympics 1952 in women's athletics Women's events at the 1952 Summer Olympics
41260316	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuzbashi%20Kandi	Yuzbashi Kandi	Yuzbashi Kandi (, also Romanized as Yūzbāshī Kandī; also known as Yūzbāsh Kandī) is a village in Obatu Rural District, Karaftu District, Divandarreh County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 346, in 61 families. The village is populated by Kurds. References Towns and villages in Divandarreh County Kurdish settlements in Kurdistan Province
3884824	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upsetter%20Records	Upsetter Records	Upsetter Records was a Jamaican record label set up by Lee "Scratch" Perry in 1968. Perry also opened the Upsetter Record Shop where he sold the records he produced. Lee "Scratch" Perry worked for Coxsone Dodd's Studio One record label and later for Joe Gibbs's Amalgamated Records through the 1950s and 1960s. Amid personal and financial disagreements, he left, and in 1968 he formed his own label as an outlet for music he produced and his own recordings. The label was named Upsetter Records, and the house band was The Upsetters. "The Upsetter" was Perry's nickname after his 1968 single "I Am The Upsetter", a musical dismissal of his former boss Coxsone Dodd. Upsetter Records signed a distribution deal with the U.K. based Trojan Records, and had its first success with Perry and The Upsetters' 1969 album Return of Django, which became a hit in the U.K. The label proceeded to release productions by many major Jamaican performers, including The Wailers and early sessions of Bob Marley and the Wailers. In 1973, The Wailers left and signed up with Island Records. Aston "Family Man" Barrett and his brother Carlton (Carlie) Barrett left The Upsetters and formed the Wailers Band, the backing band of The Wailers, and later part of Bob Marley and the Wailers. Despite the setback, Perry turned his fortunes around when, in the same year, he built Black Ark Studios — which recorded for Upsetter Records and other labels, becoming a center of creativity in reggae music. Upsetter Records continued to release records throughout the 1970s, and in 1981, Perry had a breakdown and burned down Black Ark Studios. In 1989, after King Tubby's death, the studio was looted. In 2014, Lee Perry reopened the label exclusively for the release of his new album "Back On the Controls" with London producer Daniel Boyle. References Reggae record labels Jamaican record labels Record labels established in 1968 Defunct record labels of Jamaica 1968 establishments in Jamaica Companies based in Kingston, Jamaica
10111624	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remixed%20%26%20Covered	Remixed & Covered	Remixed & Covered is a 2007 double album by Xiu Xiu. One disc contains cover versions of the band's songs, whilst the other contains remixes of their originals. Track listing Disc One (Covered) Larsen - "Mousey Toy" Oxbow - "Saturn" Sunset Rubdown - "Apistat Commander" Marissa Nadler - "Clowne Towne" Good For Cows - "Sad Pony Guerilla Girl" Kid 606 - "Fabulous Muscles" Why? - "The Wig Master" Her Space Holiday - "I Love The Valley OH!" Devendra Banhart - "Support Our Troops" Disc Two (Remixed) "Hello From Eau Claire" (Remixed by Gold Chains) "Ceremony" (Remixed by Xiu Xiu) "Suha" (Remixed by Warbucks) "Ale" (Remixed by Cherry Point) "Over Over" (Remixed by Son) "Buzz Saw" (Remixed by This Song is a Mess but So Am I) "Bishop, CA" (Remixed by Kid 606) "Tonite & Today" (Remixed by Grouper) "The Air Force" (Remixed by To Live and Shave in L.A.) iTunes/eMusic exclusives "Apistat Commander" (Covered by Parts & Labor) "Clowne Towne" (Covered by So So Modern) "I Broke Up" (Remixed by Kill Me Tomorrow) "I Love The Valley Oh" (Covered by XO Skeletons) References 2007 albums Xiu Xiu albums Covers albums 5 Rue Christine albums 2007 remix albums 5 Rue Christine remix albums
41718067	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This%20Is%20Lone%20Justice%3A%20The%20Vaught%20Tapes%2C%201983	This Is Lone Justice: The Vaught Tapes, 1983	This Is Lone Justice: The Vaught Tapes, 1983 is a compilation album by American band Lone Justice, released in January 2014 by Omnivore Recordings. The twelve songs include nine previously unissued tracks recorded at Suite 16 Studios, Los Angeles, in December 1983 by engineer David Vaught with direct to two-track tape and no overdubs. "Rattlesnake Mama", "Working Man's Blues" and "This World Is Not My Home" have previously been released on the 1999 compilation album This World Is Not My Home. Accompanying the music was an essay by guitarist Ryan Hedgecock, a remembrance of Vaught written by baisst Marvin Etzioni, liner notes by veteran L.A. music journalist Chris Morris and a shout-out to the band from Dolly Parton, to whom lead singer Maria McKee was frequently compared. Track listing Writing credits adapted from the album's liner notes. Personnel Adapted from the album's liner notes. Lone Justice Maria McKee – vocals, guitar Ryan Hedgecock – guitar, vocals Marvin Etzioni – bass, vocals Don Heffington – drums Production Lone Justice – producer David Vaught – engineer Bernie Grundman – mastering References 2014 compilation albums Lone Justice albums Omnivore Recordings albums
36854006	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim%20Hyung-sung	Kim Hyung-sung	Kim Hyung-sung (; born 12 May 1980) is a South Korean professional golfer. Kim has played on the Japan Golf Tour since 2009. He won his first tour event in 2012 at the Vana H Cup KBC Augusta. Professional wins (7) Japan Golf Tour wins (4) Japan Golf Tour playoff record (1–0) Korean Tour wins (3) 2006 SBS LIG KPGA Championship 2008 SBS Tomato Savings Bank Open, SBS Ace Savings Bank Montvert Open Results in major championships CUT = missed the half-way cut "T" = tied Results in World Golf Championships "T" = Tied Team appearances this list may be incomplete World Cup (representing South Korea): 2011 Royal Trophy (representing Asia): 2013 EurAsia Cup (representing Asia): 2014 References External links South Korean male golfers Japan Golf Tour golfers 1980 births Living people
1050624	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Walrus%20%28SS-437%29	USS Walrus (SS-437)	USS Walrus (SS-437), a World War II Tench-class submarine, was the third ship of the United States Navy to be named for the walrus, a gregarious, aquatic mammal found in Arctic waters, related to the seal and a prime source of leather, oil, ivory, and food. Like the second USS Walrus (SS-431), she was not completed. Walruss keel was laid down on 21 June 1945 by the Electric Boat Company at Groton, Connecticut. Work on the submarine was suspended on 7 January 1946 when the contract for her construction was cancelled, although she was launched on 20 September 1946, sponsored by Miss Winifred P. Nagle. Walruss hull was assigned to the New London Group of the Atlantic Reserve Fleet on 9 December 1952. Her name was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 9 June 1958 and she was sold incomplete for scrapping. References Walrus Cancelled ships of the United States Navy Ships built in Groton, Connecticut 1946 ships
12241608	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%27Brien%20Provincial%20Park	O'Brien Provincial Park	O'Brien Provincial Park is a provincial park in Alberta, Canada, located south from Grande Prairie, on Highway 666. The park is situated in the Wapiti River valley, at an elevation of and has a surface of . It was established on June 29, 1954 and is maintained by Alberta Tourism, Parks and Recreation. The park is named for Lewis O'Brien, a pioneer doctor in the Grande Prairie region and former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta. Activities The following activities are available in the park: Canoeing and kayaking Fishing (Arctic grayling, bull trout, burbot, emerald shiner, fathead minnow, flathead chub, lake chub, largescale sucker, longnose dace, longnose sucker, mountain whitefish, northern pike, peamouth chub, northern pearl dace, redside shiner, slimy sculpin, spoonhead sculpin, spottail shiner, walleye, white sucker) Power boating Swimming See also List of provincial parks in Alberta List of Canadian provincial parks List of National Parks of Canada References External links Municipal District of Greenview No. 16 Provincial parks of Alberta
39813914	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirhut%20Railway	Tirhut Railway	Tirhut Railway (originally Tirhoot State Railway) was originally owned by the Raj Darbhanga and later by the provincial government. Its ownership was later transferred to the Government of India which operated it as part of the Indian State Railways from opening to late 1886, as the Tirhoot Railway from late 1886 to 30 June 1890 and by the Bengal and North Western Railway from 1 July 1890. Tirhoot Railway absorbed the Segowlie-Raxaul Railway is around 1920. The Tirhut Railway was merged into the Oudh and Tirhut Railway on 1 January 1943. The first railway line in Tirhoot was laid from the Darbhanga palace compound (where the place is still marked by the now Kameshwar Singh University) to Bajitpur in Sakri. A second line was laid down from Darbhanga to Samastipur as the first line for general transport in the Tirhoot Division. See also History of rail transport in India Notes Rao, M.A. (1988), Indian Railways, New Delhi: National Book Trust Evolution of Indian Railways, Chapter 1 - Historical Background Defunct railway companies of India Railway companies disestablished in 1943 History of rail transport in Bihar Indian companies disestablished in 1943 Year of establishment missing
42666568	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houstonia%20humifusa	Houstonia humifusa	Houstonia humifusa, commonly called matted bluet, is a plant species in the coffee family (Rubiaceae). It is native to the United States, where it is found in Texas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico. It is typically found in sandy areas, or sometimes over gypsum. Houstonia humifusa is an herbaceous annual, growing to around 15 cm tall. It produces light pink and purple flowers in spring and early summer. References External links Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, Native Plant Database H Flora of New Mexico Flora of Oklahoma Flora of Texas Taxa named by George Engelmann Taxa named by Asa Gray
14252831	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wollaston%2C%20Ontario	Wollaston, Ontario	Wollaston is an incorporated township in Hastings County, Ontario, Canada. The township had a population of 670 in the Canada 2016 Census. Property taxes provide the primary source of income for the township accounting for 61% of the revenue required to balance the 2017 budget. Another major source of revenue for the township was provincial funding via the Ontario Municipality Partnership Fund (OMPF) which provided approximately 80% of non-tax revenue. The Township's mayor Brandon Carter has stood behind the fund since it was first introduced, and has gone on record stating " This fund keeps the town alive". This revenue provides the income to fund municipal programs. Among these programs is the Community Improvement Plan, the goal of which is to "promote the co-ordinated [sic] implementation of community planning and land use planning programs maintenance, rehabilitation and redevelopment of the physical, social, and economic environments." Communities The township of Wollaston comprises a number of villages and hamlets, including the following communities such as Coe Hill and The Ridge Coe Hill Coe Hill () is the main community in Wollaston Township and is located approximately 230 km north-east of Toronto, Canada. While referred to as the Hamlet of Coe Hill, it is not truly a hamlet in the strictest British meaning of the word as there are two churches located within the village; the Coe Hill Gospel Church and the Coe Hill United Church. The local post office serves residents with lock boxes and four rural routes, two of which are for a neighbouring village, Gilmour in Tudor and Cashel Township. Wollaston Township Road 620 is the main road that runs through the community, connecting it to Highways 28 to the west and 62 to the east. Coe Hill is named after William Pardee Coe, originally from Norfolk, England, and was incorporated in 1880. Original names for this community were Salem, Welch Corners and Coe Hill Mines. In 1882, iron-ore deposits were discovered in the area. Coe, who was living in Madoc, Ontario at the time, formed the Coe Hill Mines company to commercialize these newly discovered deposits. Coe was also instrumental in getting the Central Ontario Railway (COR) to build a line that reached Coe Hill in 1884. Shipments began that same year. However, once the shipments were analyzed, it was discovered that the ore was too low-grade to be mined viably leading to the near bankruptcy of the Coe Hill Mines company. William Coe died in 1891 and is interred at the Lakeview Cemetery in Madoc. With the failure of mining in the area, the main economic focus turned to lumber. Coe Hill remained the primary shipping point for the Rathburn Lumber company. Up to 100 loads of lumber a day were shipped south on the COR. The rail lines have now been abandoned, but have been repurposed as hiking, biking, and snowmobile trails that are used throughout the year. The old Coe Hill railway station still exists and is currently located on the grounds of the annual Coe Hill Fair. There are several restaurants and shops along the main street offering arts and crafts, a range of services including a garage and a fully licensed bar complete with summertime patio. There is also a well-stocked grocery store and a Liquor Control Board of Ontario (LCBO) outlet often referred to as the "liquor trailer." Wollaston Lake - Ontario There are many lakes within Wollaston township including: King Lake, Bear Lake, and Snow Lake. However, the largest lake in the township lies just adjacent to Coe Hill: Wollaston Lake This lake should not be confused with Wollaston Lake in Saskatchewan. Although Wollaston Lake is the largest lake in the township, it is still relatively small, approximately 6.5 kilometres long and covering just 360 hectares. It is a deep coldwater lake deemed "at capacity" with a maximum depth of 31.1 meters and a mean depth of 9.4 meters. The five principal fish species in the lake are lake trout, largemouth and smallmouth bass, northern pike, and walleye. Other nuisance species include rock bass and northern sunfish. Seasonal cottages provide the largest part of the population on the lake, although some cottage owners have winterized cottages that they utilize year-round. The lake is serviced by two camp grounds, a public boat launch, and a public beach that is maintained by the township. Activities Coe Hill Agricultural Fair The Coe Hill Agriculture Fair was founded in 1882 and is held every year on the last weekend of August The first year, the fair was held in Salem, but moved to Coe Hill the following year where there were exhibits in the town hall. It was not until the early 1900s that the fair was moved to its current location at the Coe Hill Agricultural Fair grounds on Township Road 620 on the east side of town. In 1920, the grandstand was built, and in 1969, the Canadian National Railroad (formerly the COR) station was moved to the grounds. Some of the activities at the fair include: a midway (carnival rides), agricultural and horticultural competitions, rodeo events, a demolition derby, live music, and of course food. Canada Day Every July 1, Coe Hill celebrates Canada Day with a parade through the main street and a fireworks display on nearby Wollaston Lake. For such a small village, the fireworks display is very good and is often better than those of the bigger town of Bancroft, some 30 km north. Royal Canadian Legion On the main street, almost in the very middle of town, lies the Royal Canadian Legion - Branch 581 building. The Legion hosts a community supper at the end of each month as well as a range of weekly activities, such as: darts, euchre, chair volleyball, fitness classes, yoga, and BINGO. There is also a fitness facility located on site, though, unfortunately, the fitness facility closed a couple years ago. Demographics Mother tongue (per 2016 census): English as first language: 94.7% French as first language: 0.8% Other as first language: 4.5% See also List of townships in Ontario References Other map sources: External links Township municipalities in Ontario Lower-tier municipalities in Ontario Municipalities in Hastings County
850280	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyhedron%20%28magazine%29	Polyhedron (magazine)	Polyhedron (formerly Polyhedron Newszine) was a magazine targeting consumers of role-playing games, and originally the official publication of the RPGA (Role Playing Gamers Association). 1981 to 2002 Publication of the Role Playing Gamers Association magazine began in the year 1981, targeting players of the Dungeons & Dragons roleplaying game. Articles were written by gamers for other gamers in the style of the Dragon magazine, and information was included on RPGA membership and events. The magazine was nominally quarterly from May, 1981 through February, 1982; bimonthly from April, 1983 through May, 1991; and monthly from June, 1991 through November, 1996; publication then ceased until October, 1997, and thereafter was bi-monthly (with some irregularity) through May, 2003; finally it was again monthly from June, 2003 until the final issue in August, 2004. For several years it was available only to RPGA members; for some, joining the RPGA essentially amounted to a subscription to Polyhedron. Polyhedron was produced by members of the RPGA, including some professionals working in the game industry, and was intended for RPGA members. The magazine was initially referred to as the "RPGA Newsletter" (or RPGA News) inside the cover of the initial 4 issues and the title read "TSR RPGA" on the cover. Starting with Issue 4 (p3) the new title "The Polyhedron" would be used. From issue 5 through 9 the covers were titled with "The Polyhedron" and from issue 10 onward as "Polyhedron Newszine". The masthead lists several formal publishers (occasionally omitting this information) including E. Gary Gygax (Issues 1-11); Kim Eastland (12-15); Mike Cook (irregularly 32-50); Jack Beuttell (51-68); Rick Behling (69-76 and 91-111); James Ward (77-90); TSR (112-141); Wizards of the Coast (irregularly 142-149); and Paizo (153 onward). Notable editors include Frank Mentzer (1-4); Mary Kirchoff (5-21); Penny Petticord (22-31); Skip Williams (33, 34, 37, 39); Jean Rabe (36, 38, 40-103); Dave Gross (104-107); Duane Maxwell (107-118); Jeff Quick (122-134); and Erik Mona (138 onward). Two special issues were also published—an Introductory Issue (Jean Rabe, 1989) that was sent thereafter to new RPGA members, and a Gen Con Issue (Sean Glenn, 1999) that was distributed only at that year's Gen Con. The magazine's publication was fairly erratic and the contents very uneven until Jean Rabe's period as editor where the magazine was put on a regular schedule and contents were developed into recurring topical columns and monthly themed materials. Rabe also strengthened the quality of content and applied more rigorous editing to articles which had previously tended to be somewhat amateurish and personal. During this time also, cover art improved markedly and, notably, focused on strongly presented (and fully clothed) female adventurers. Rabe also converted the magazine from bi-monthly to monthly. Pagination of Polyhedron is problematic, because often (but not always) the mailing wrapper (generally containing printed matter) was counted in the pagination, and often (but not always) the cover was counted in the pagination as well. Given this, the magazine generally was 16-20 pages in length for issues 1-8; 32-36 pages in length for issues 9-128; and 32-48 pages in length for issues 131-143 (at this point, the magazine started to carry advertisements). From issue 144 onwards page counts became fairly variable but generally ran near to either 60 or 40 pages. Polyhedron featured several notable cover styles, including black and white art on issues 1-39; a single-colored left-hand stripe with hexes on issues 40-51; a single colored cover (retaining the hex stripe) from issues 52-74; single color cover with a cluster of hexes in the top-left corner on issues 78-119; increasingly variable covers on 120-143; and full-glossy covers from 144 onwards. Collectors should note that the magazine was serially issued but also published in volumes and numbers for issues 1-148 and then again for issue 161. However, the volume and numbers printed in the magazine frequently were wrong (at least fifteen errors are known during the 148 issues); the issue number should be taken as authoritative. 2002 to 2004 In September, 2002, Paizo Publishing acquired publishing rights and merged the Polyhedron magazine with the sister publication Dungeon to form a single magazine (issue 90 of Dungeon and issue 149 of Polyhedron were one and the same magazine, and this dual numbering continued throughout this period). This ended the association of Polyhedron with the RPGA. It also marked a major change in the magazine's focus, from a primarily Dungeons & Dragons-oriented magazine similar to Dragon to a general d20 system magazine that often featured entirely new, simple role-playing games based on this system, along with support for non-D&D d20 games such as d20 Modern. Eventually another formerly separate magazine, the Living Greyhawk Journal, briefly became a section in Polyhedron as well. Though this version of Polyhedron had many vocal supporters, sales were poor, a situation many blamed on putting two magazines with distinct target audiences together in one somewhat higher-priced package. The Polyhedron section was removed from Dungeon as part of a major revamp of the latter magazine in 2004 and Polyhedron is no longer published in any form. 2005 From March to November, 2005, Wizards of the Coast used the name "Polyhedron" for a Dungeons & Dragons email newsletter with links pointing to content on their website. The newsletter typically contained product reviews and announcements and a cartoon. Reception Polyhedron was awarded the Origins Award for "Best Amateur Adventure Gaming Magazine of 1987". References Defunct magazines published in the United States Dungeons & Dragons magazines Magazines disestablished in 2004 Magazines established in 1981 Origins Award winners TSR, Inc. magazines Wizards of the Coast magazines
11611474	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunters%20of%20the%20Golden%20Cobra	Hunters of the Golden Cobra	Hunters of the Golden Cobra (Italian: I Cacciatori del Cobra d'Oro) is an Italian 1982 action film starring David Warbeck. It was directed by Antonio Margheriti, and is one of several Italian imitations of Raiders of the Lost Ark, shot in an exotic location involving the recovery of supernatural relics. Cast David Warbeck as Bob Jackson Almanta Suska as Julie / April Luciano Pigozzi as Greenwater (as Alan Collins) John Steiner as David Franks Protacio Dee as Yamato Rene Abadeza as Kamutri Rosemarie Lindt as Maude Release Hunters of the Golden Cobra was released in the United States in March 1984. Critical reception Fantastic Movie Musings & Ramblings wrote, "the violence is a bit nastier than that of RAIDERS, and the script seems like it was thrown together without much care, but I rather like the British soldier who is paired with the hero. Still, this one is routine at best." See also List of Italian films of 1982 References Sources External links 1982 films 1980s action adventure films Italian films Italian-language films Films directed by Antonio Margheriti Films scored by Carlo Savina Treasure hunt films Italian action adventure films Films shot in the Philippines
64635518	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankylorhiza	Ankylorhiza	Ankylorhiza (meaning "fused roots"; in reference to the type of dentition seen in early toothed whales) is an extinct genus of toothed whale that lived in what is now the United States during the Oligocene epoch, between 29 and 23.5 million years ago. The type and only known species is A. tiedemani, though two fossil skeletons may represent an additional, second species within the genus. Ankylorhiza was about long, with a long, robust skull bearing conical teeth that were angled forwards at the tip of the snout. Ankylorhiza is the largest known Oligocene toothed whale and represents one of the most completely known early members of this group, with characteristics intermediate between basal and derived cetaceans. Ankylorhiza would have had powerful jaw musculature and probably fed on large prey by seizing it and puncturing it with its robust teeth. The animal likely occupied a fast-swimming predator niche similar to that of living orcas. Discovery and naming The holotype of Ankylorhiza (cataloged under specimen number AMNH 10445) consists of a partial snout fossil discovered in the Ashley Formation of South Carolina, United States. The layers the bones were found in date to the Oligocene epoch of the Paleogene period, between 29 and 23.5 million years ago. In 1887, zoologist Joel Asaph Allen attributed AMNH 10445 to the extinct river dolphin Squalodon—now considered a wastebasket taxon—as a new species he named Squalodon tiedemani. The specific name tiedemani is in honor of I. B. Tiedeman, who discovered the fossils and donated them to the American Museum of Natural History, where they're currently stored. In a 2020 publication, paleontologist Robert Boessenecker and colleagues found the fossil snout to represent the same taxon as CCNHM 103, a nearly complete skeleton of large toothed whale found in the same formation; and CCNHM 220, a partial skull with associated vertebrae. They referred all of these fossils to the newly named and described dolphin genus Ankylorhiza, which "S." tiedemani was synonymized with A. tiedemani as the only species. The generic name Ankylorhiza is Ancient Greek for "fused roots", alluding to the type of dentition exhibited by stem Odontoceti. Description Ankylorhiza had a long skull that measured at its widest point, and a total body length of around , making it the largest known toothed whale from the Oligocene epoch. In the early Miocene, greater lengths were attained by physeteroids (the ancestral group including modern sperm whales) within this group of whales. Ankylorhiza's skull was relatively elongated, and had the largest temporal fossae (shallow depressions on the sides of the skull) of any known toothed whale; they composed 24% of the skull's total length and 36% of its width at the rear. Each side of Ankylorhiza's upper jaw bore 13 teeth; three incisors, one canine, and nine postcanines. Between the first canine and the fifth postcanine tooth, the maxilla (main upper jaw bone) became thicker and formed bony supports divided by deep furrows between each tooth, which would have helped the animal's dentition precisely interlock when it closed its jaws. Ankylorhiza's sharp-tipped teeth had carinae (cutting edges) on both edges that bore occasional serrations, and its tooth enamel was adorned with lengthwise ridges. The lower incisors in the upper jaw were tusk-like and angled forwards. The morphology of Ankylorhiza's forelimbs was between that of basal (early-diverging or "primitive") and living cetaceans. Ankylorhiza's humerus (upper arm bone) had an enlarged head and flattened attachment sites for the ulna and radius (lower arm bones), as well as a shaft that was short relative to those of basilosaurids, but still longer than in extant toothed whales. In comparison to modern toothed whales, the hands and fingers were much longer. In the spinal column, the vertebrae (backbones) at the base of the tail formed a more rigid structure than in earlier cetaceans, while the lumbar region–consisting of vertebrae between the rib cage and pelvis—was very flexible. The height and width of the vertebral centra (bodies of the vertebrae) increase in height from the back of the chest to the basal part of the tail, with the second caudal (tail) vertebra being the tallest and broadest, indicating this region of the body experienced the most undulation when the animal was swimming. Classification Ankylorhiza was a member of the toothed whale parvorder Odontoceti. This group contains all cetaceans that feed with teeth, including dolphins, porpoises, beaked whales, sperm whales and others; baleen whales (Mysticeti), in contrast, filter-feed using baleen plates in their mouths. In 2020, Boessenecker and colleagues phylogenetically placed A. tiedemani as a basal odontocete that split off between the xenorophids and squalodontids, in a position between the more basal family Basilosauridae and modern toothed whales. Along with Microcetus, Ankylorhiza is one of the most completely known early toothed whales. Boessenecker and colleagues found A. tiedemani to form a clade with specimens CCNHM 1075 and ChM PV2764, two undescribed Oligocene toothed whale skeletons found in Charleston, both of which may turn out to represent another species within the genus Ankylorhiza. The following cladogram is adapted from the results of Boessenecker and colleagues' analysis in 2020. Paleobiology The jaws were shorter and more well-built than those of earlier toothed whales, indicating an overall stronger snout. The deep and enlarged temporal fossae at the back of the skull would have served to anchor large, powerful jaw muscles; which together with the thick dental cementum indicates Ankylorhiza employed a high bite force for feeding on large prey. This may also explain why the upper jaw became so thick towards the front of the snout for additional reinforcement. Known skull remains of Ankylorhiza often show severe breakage of the postcanine teeth, possibly caused during impacts with solid bone when the animal was feeding. Ankylorhiza's conical teeth with lengthwise ridges suggest they were adapted for seizing and piercing into prey animals. The unique forward-pointing incisors of Ankylorhiza were potentially used for intraspecific combat, though Boessenecker and colleagues note that use for ramming, a method used by living orcas to injure whales, may be more likely. Paleoecology The jaw, tooth, and vertebral anatomy of Ankylorhiza, as well as its large body size all indicate that it was a fast-swimming predator, and probably occupied an ecological niche similar to that of modern orcas, thus making it the earliest known large macrophagous toothed whale. After the genus became extinct around the beginning of the early Miocene epoch, its niche was probably reoccupied successively by Squalodon, macroraptorial sperm whales, and extant orcas. References Prehistoric toothed whales Oligocene cetaceans Oligocene mammals of North America Fossil taxa described in 2020
24123469	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian%20African%20Relief%20Trust	Christian African Relief Trust	The Christian African Relief Trust (CART) is an independent humanitarian agency operated by volunteers for the specific purpose of providing individual and community development and disaster relief. The company was founded in 1982 and is currently active in Africa and India. The non profit organization is based in Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, England. History Christian African Relief Trust was founded in 1982 by Guildford Tompkins. Purpose CART serves people without regard to their ethnic, political, or religious association. It simply helps people in need, especially those most who are vulnerable, such as women, children, and senior citizens. CART facts CART serves in 17 different African countries. The agency also has more than 90 percent of private donations, used for direct humanitarian services. References External links CART International website International charities Christian charities based in the United Kingdom Christian organizations established in the 20th century Organisations based in Huddersfield
68415359	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/80%20Medium%20Regiment%20%28India%29	80 Medium Regiment (India)	80 Medium Regiment is part of the Regiment of Artillery of the Indian Army. Formation 80 Medium Regiment was raised on 1 March 1965 at Chardwar under the command of Lieutenant Colonel NGK Nair. Equipment The regiment has been equipped with 130 mm guns since 2012. Prior to 2012, the regiment had the following guns in the chronological order- 3.7 inch gun 75/24 pack howitzer 25-pounder gun 122 mm howitzer 105 mm light field gun Indian Field Gun Operations The regiment has taken part in the following operations – Indo-Pakistani War of 1965: In the nascent days of the regiment, when the guns and equipment were yet to be issued, a company strong column under Major SK Verma saw action in Golakganj in an infantry role. Operation Meghdoot: In 1984, 2nd Lieutenant DS Bisht was tasked to occupy the observation post at Siachen glacier. Before he could reach the location, he was informed that the post was occupied by the Pakistan Army. He engaged the enemy using mortars providing effective artillery fire to destroy them. He was subsequently awarded the Sena Medal. Two gun detachments of the regiment were heli-dropped and assembled under the guidance of Captain Vijay Kohli. These guns occupied the highest known gun position in the world at 18,000 feet. In 2002, Captain Badal Singh Sikarwar was posthumously awarded the Sena Medal for his gallant action, when he destroyed an enemy mortar position and a heavy machine gun post. Operation Kasba : In August – September 1991, the unit was deployed in Poonch sector to provide fire support to the infantry engaged in evicting Pakistani troops who had crossed the Line of Control into the Kasba village. The regiment carried guns along mountainous terrain and was especially effective on the night of 1/2 September 1991. It supported 93 Infantry Brigade and 192 Mountain Brigade for the re-capture of Kirni village between 28 August and 3 September 1991. During these operations, Havildar S Nagarajan was awarded the Sena Medal and Gunner Virupaxappa was awarded the COAS Commendation Card. Operation Vijay : The regiment was part of an Infantry Division during the Kargil war. In 2001, the regiment was inducted into the Nowshera sector, where it provided artillery fire support at the Line of Control. In 2011, the regiment was located at Gangtok and occupied the highest observation post in the Eastern sector. It was also responsible for raising four porter companies. The regiment provided timely assistance and relief during the earthquake which hit Sikkim on 18 September 2011. Operation Parakram : 2000-2003 - counter insurgency operations Operation Rakshak : 2005-2009 - counter insurgency operations Honours and Awards Personnel from the regiment have been awarded the following – Sena Medals – 5 COAS Commendation Cards – 4 GOC-in-C Commendation Cards – 7 The regiment has produced five Generals and three Brigadiers Motto The motto of the regiment is Veluvom Veluvom Vetricondu Selluvom which translates to Victory, Victory, Ahead with Victory. Notable personnel Brigadier Gurmeet Kanwal – He was commissioned into the regiment and was a noted author and strategic analyst. References Military units and formations established in 1965 Artillery regiments of the Indian Army after 1947
53108417	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundless%20%28video%20game%29	Boundless (video game)	Boundless is a massively multiplayer online sandbox game, developed by Guildford-based studio Wonderstruck Games. It was released through Early access on Steam for Microsoft Windows and OS X on November 13, 2014. It was fully released on September 11, 2018, and features online cross-play across all regions with PlayStation 4. Gameplay Played in either first-person or third-person perspective, players control a customisable avatar around procedurally generated planets, made up of various types and shapes of blocks. Players interact with these blocks and discover ancient technologies to help craft tools, weapons and machines which can then be used to shape the world around them into buildings, vast cities and guilds, and eventually allow players to open warps and portals to other worlds. Players are able to gather resources from their local environment, which are then used to survive and build equipment. Bases are built in the form of Beacons, which reserve an area for a particular player, protecting the land from being mined or otherwise edited by others. Players must also deal with hostile wildlife and survival matters such as hunger to survive in the alien universe of the game. Players are able to explore solo, or to play together in groups. Large groups of players collaborate to build intricate projects or undertake large-scale hunts. Development In July 2014, the game was announced as a goal-funded project under the title of Oort Online. It quickly gained traction with its online audience as a browser-based game and reached its first funding goal in early August 2014. After quickly outgrowing the capabilities of the browser and the scope of the original game, it was decided that Oort Online would appeal to a wider audience under the Steam Greenlight system and was successfully greenlit in September 2014. Oort Online underwent a name change in October 2015 to the current title Boundless. Also in October 2015, it was announced that Boundless had been backed by Sony to be a console exclusive on their PlayStation 4 platform, allowing both PS4 and PC players to share the same online universe and play together. Development on the game continues, with the Wonderstruck team working towards a public roadmap of upcoming features and updates to the game including new creatures and materials, as well as a farming system. All planets in Boundless can be visited by using Portal technology, allowing players to step from one world to another in real time. Release Boundless is developed and published (on PlayStation 4) by Wonderstruck. Square Enix Collective are the publishers of the PC Version. Boundless was released on Steam Early Access for Microsoft Windows and OS X on November 13, 2014. Boundless was released on PlayStation 4 on September 11, 2018, officially coming out of Early Access the same day on PC. Reception References External links 2018 video games Crowdfunded video games Early access video games MacOS games Open-world video games PlayStation 4 games Steam Greenlight games Windows games Video games using procedural generation Video games with voxel graphics Video games developed in the United Kingdom Video games set on fictional planets Video games with cross-platform play
45048752	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20E.%20Allen%20%28politician%29	Robert E. Allen (politician)	Robert Edward Allen (April 1, 1924 – November 22, 2014) was an American lawyer and legislator in Colorado. Born in New York City, Allen was a lawyer and was the executor director for the city of Denver War on Poverty in 1965 and then was an assistant public defender in 1969. Allen was a Democrat. Allen served in the Colorado House of Representatives from 1951 to 1960 and then in the Colorado State Senate from 1961 to 1964. He was majority leader of the House of Representatives from 1959 to 1960. Notes 1924 births 2014 deaths Politicians from New York City Politicians from Denver Colorado lawyers Colorado Democrats Colorado state senators Members of the Colorado House of Representatives Public defenders 20th-century American lawyers
43007	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blur%20%28band%29	Blur (band)	Blur are an English rock band. Formed in London in 1988, the group consists of singer Damon Albarn, guitarist Graham Coxon, bassist Alex James and drummer Dave Rowntree. Blur's debut album Leisure (1991) incorporated the sounds of Madchester and shoegazing. Following a stylistic change influenced by English guitar pop groups such as the Kinks, the Beatles and XTC, Blur released Modern Life Is Rubbish (1993), Parklife (1994) and The Great Escape (1995). As a result, the band helped to popularise the Britpop genre and achieved mass popularity in the UK, aided by a chart battle with rival band Oasis in 1995 dubbed "The Battle of Britpop". Blur's self-titled fifth album (1997) saw another stylistic shift, influenced by the lo-fi styles of American indie rock groups, and became their third UK chart-topping album. Its single "Song 2" brought the band mainstream success in the US for the first time. Their next album, 13 (1999) saw the band experimenting with electronic and gospel music, and featured more personal lyrics from Albarn. Their seventh album, Think Tank (2003), continued their experimentation with electronic sounds and was also shaped by Albarn's growing interest in hip hop and world music, featuring more minimal guitar work. Coxon left the band during early recording sessions for Think Tank, and Blur disbanded for several years after the end of the album's associated tour, with the members engaged in other projects. In 2009, Blur reunited with Coxon back in the band and embarked on a European reunion tour. In the following years, they released several singles and compilations and toured internationally. In 2012, they received a Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music. Their eighth album, The Magic Whip (2015), was the sixth consecutive Blur studio album to top the British chart. The group have largely been on hiatus ever since the end of The Magic Whip tour. History Formation and Leisure, 1988–1991 Blur were formed in December 1988 when bassist Alex James joined Damon Albarn's band, Circus, and they changed the name to Seymour after J. D. Salinger's Seymour: An Introduction. Already in the band were drummer Dave Rowntree, who had joined in October, and guitarist Graham Coxon, Albarn's childhood friend from Essex, who was studying at London's Goldsmiths College along with Albarn and James. The group performed live for the first time in summer 1989. In November, Food Records' A&R representative Andy Ross attended a Seymour performance that convinced him to court the group for his label. The only concern held by Ross and Food was that they disliked the band's name. Food drew up a list of alternatives, from which the group decided on "Blur". Food Records finally signed the newly christened band in March 1990. From March to July 1990, Blur toured Britain, opening for the Cramps, and testing out new songs. In October 1990, after their tour was over, Blur released the single "She's So High", which reached number 48 in the UK Singles Chart. The band had trouble creating a follow-up single, but they made progress when paired with producer Stephen Street. The resulting single release, "There's No Other Way", became a hit, peaking at number eight. As a result of the single's success, Blur became pop stars and were accepted into a clique of bands who frequented the Syndrome club in London dubbed "The Scene That Celebrates Itself". NME magazine wrote in 1991, "[Blur] are [the] acceptable pretty face of a whole clump of bands that have emerged since the whole Manchester thing started to run out of steam." The band's third single, "Bang", performed relatively disappointingly, reaching only number 24. Andy Ross and Food owner David Balfe were convinced Blur's best course of action was to continue drawing influence from the Madchester genre. Blur attempted to expand their musical sound, but the recording of the group's debut album was hindered by Albarn having to write his lyrics in the studio. Although the resulting album Leisure (1991) peaked at number seven on the UK Albums Chart, it received mixed reviews, and according to journalist John Harris, "could not shake off the odour of anti-climax". Britpop years, 1992–1995 After discovering they were £60,000 in debt, Blur toured the United States in 1992 in an attempt to recoup their financial losses. The group released the single "Popscene" to coincide with the start of the tour. Featuring "a rush of punk guitars, '60s pop hooks, blaring British horns, controlled fury, and postmodern humor", "Popscene" was a turning point for the band musically. However, upon its release it only charted at number 32. "We felt 'Popscene' was a big departure; a very, very English record", Albarn told the NME in 1993, "But that annoyed a lot of people ... We put ourselves out on a limb to pursue this English ideal and no-one was interested." As a result of the single's lacklustre performance, plans to release a single named "Never Clever" were scrapped and work on Blur's second album was pushed back. During the two-month American tour, the band became increasingly unhappy, often venting frustrations on each other, leading to several physical confrontations. The band members were homesick; Albarn said, "I just started to miss really simple things ... I missed everything about England so I started writing songs which created an English atmosphere." Upon the group's return to Britain, Blur (Albarn in particular) were upset by the success rival group Suede had achieved while they were gone. After a poor performance at a 1992 gig that featured a well-received set by Suede on the same bill, Blur were in danger of being dropped by Food. By that time, Blur had undergone an ideological and image shift intended to celebrate their English heritage in contrast to the popularity of American grunge bands like Nirvana. Although sceptical of Albarn's new manifesto for Blur, Balfe gave assent for the band's choice of Andy Partridge (of XTC) to produce their follow-up to Leisure. The sessions with Partridge proved unsatisfactory, but a chance reunion with Stephen Street resulted in him returning to produce the group. Blur completed their second album Modern Life Is Rubbish in December 1992, but Food Records said the album required more potential hit singles and asked them to return to the studio for a second time. The band complied and Albarn wrote "For Tomorrow", which became the album's lead single. "For Tomorrow" was a minor success, reaching number 28 on the charts. Modern Life Is Rubbish was released in May 1993. The announcement of the album's release included a press photo which featured Blur, dressed in a mix of mod and skinhead attire, posing alongside a mastiff with the words "British Image 1" spraypainted behind them. At the time, such imagery was viewed as nationalistic and racially insensitive by the British music press; to quieten concerns, Blur released the "British Image 2" photo, which was "a camp restaging of a pre-war aristocratic tea party". Modern Life Is Rubbish peaked at number 15 on the British charts, but failed to break into the US Billboard 200, selling only 19,000 copies there. The success of Parklife (1994) revived Blur's commercial fortunes. The album's first single, the disco-influenced "Girls & Boys", found favour on BBC Radio 1 and peaked at number 5 on the UK Singles Chart, and number 59 in the US Billboard Hot 100 where it remains the band's highest-charting single. Parklife entered the British charts at number one and stayed on the album charts for 90 weeks. Enthusiastically greeted by the music press—the NME called it "a Great Pop Record ... bigger, bolder, narkier and funnier [than Modern Life is Rubbish]"—Parklife is regarded as one of Britpop's defining records. Blur won four awards at the 1995 Brit Awards, including Best Band and Best Album for Parklife. Coxon later pointed to Parklife as the moment when "[Blur] went from being regarded as an alternative, left field arty band to this amazing new pop sensation". Blur began working on their fourth album The Great Escape at the start of 1995. Building upon the band's previous two albums, Albarn's lyrics for the album consisted of several third-person narratives. James reflected, "It was all more elaborate, more orchestral, more theatrical, and the lyrics were even more twisted ... It was all dysfunctional, misfit characters fucking up." The release of the album's lead single "Country House" played a part in Blur's public rivalry with Manchester band Oasis termed the "Battle of Britpop". Partly due to increasing antagonisms between the groups, Blur and Oasis released their new singles on the same day, an event the NME called "The British Heavyweight Championship". The debate over which band would top the British singles chart became a media phenomenon, and Albarn appeared on the News at Ten. At the end of the week, "Country House" ultimately outsold Oasis' "Roll With It" by 274,000 copies to 216,000, becoming Blur's first number one single. The Great Escape, which Albarn told the public was the last instalment in the band's Life Trilogy, was released in September 1995 to ecstatic reviews. The NME hailed it as "spectacularly accomplished, sumptuous, heart-stopping and inspirational", while Mojo argued "Blur are the very best that '95 Britpop has to offer and this is a most gong-worthy sound, complete with head-slicing guitars, catchy tunes and very funny words". Entering the UK charts at number one, the album sold nearly half a million copies in its first month of sale. However, opinion quickly changed and Blur found themselves largely out of favour with the media once again. Following the worldwide success of Oasis' (What's the Story) Morning Glory? (which went quadruple platinum in the United States), the media quipped "[Blur] wound up winning the battle but losing the war." Blur became perceived as an "inauthentic middle class pop band" in comparison to the "working class heroes" Oasis, which Albarn said made him feel "stupid and confused". Alex James later summarised, "After being the People's Hero, Damon was the People's Prick for a short period ... basically, he was a loser – very publicly." Reinvention after Britpop, 1996–2000 An early 1996 Q magazine interview revealed that relations between Blur members had become very strained; journalist Adrian Deevoy wrote that he found them "on the verge of a nervous breakup". Coxon, in particular, began to resent his bandmates: James for his playboy lifestyle, and Albarn for his control over Blur's musical direction and public image. The guitarist struggled with drinking problems and, in a rejection of the group's Britpop aesthetic, made a point of listening to noisy American alternative rock bands such as Pavement. In February 1996, when Coxon and James were absent for a lip-synced Blur performance broadcast on Italian television, they were replaced by a cardboard cutout and a roadie, respectively. Blur biographer Stuart Maconie later wrote that, at the time, "Blur were sewn together very awkwardly". Although he had previously dismissed it, Albarn grew to appreciate Coxon's tastes in lo-fi and underground music, and recognised the need to significantly change Blur's musical direction once again. "I can sit at my piano and write brilliant observational pop songs all day long but you've got to move on", he said. He subsequently approached Street, and argued for a more stripped-down sound on the band's next record. Coxon, recognising his own personal need to—as Rowntree put it—"work this band", wrote a letter to Albarn, describing his desire for their music "to scare people again". After initial sessions in London, the band left to record the rest of the album in Iceland, away from the Britpop scene. The result was Blur, the band's fifth studio album, released in February 1997. Although the music press predicted that the lo-fi sonic experimentation would alienate Blur's teenage girl fan-base, they generally applauded the effort. Pointing out lyrics such as "Look inside America/She's alright", and noting Albarn's "obligatory nod to Beck, [and promotion of] the new Pavement album as if paid to do so", reviewers felt the band had come to accept American values during this time—an about-face of their attitude during the Britpop years. Despite cries of "commercial suicide", the album and its first single, "Beetlebum", debuted at number one in the UK. Although the album could not match the sales of its predecessors in Britain, internationally Blur was more successful. In the US, the album received strong reviews, reached number 61 on the Billboard 200 and was certified gold. The album's "Song 2" single was also popular on alternative radio, reaching number six on the Modern Rock chart. After it was licensed for use in various media—such as soundtracks, advertisements and television shows—"Song 2" became the most recognisable Blur song in the US. After the success of Blur, the band embarked on a nine-month world tour. In February 1998, a few months after completing the tour, Blur released Bustin' + Dronin' for the Japanese market. The album is a collection of Blur songs remixed by artists such as Thurston Moore, William Orbit and Moby. Among the tracks, the band were most impressed by Orbit's effort and enlisted him to replace Street as producer for their next album, citing a need to approach the recording process from a fresh perspective. Released in March 1999, Blur's sixth studio album 13 saw them drift still further away from their Britpop-era attitude and sound. Orbit's production style allowed for more jamming, and incorporated a "variety of emotions, atmospheres, words and sounds" into the mix. 13 was creatively dominated by Coxon, who "was simply allowed to do whatever he chose, unedited", by Orbit. Albarn's lyrics—more heart-felt, personal and intimate than on previous occasions—were reflective of his break-up with Elastica frontwoman Justine Frischmann, his partner of eight years. The album received generally favourable reviews from the press. While Q called it "a dense, fascinating, idiosyncratic and accomplished art rock album", the NME felt it was inconsistent and "(at least) a quarter-of-an-hour too long". 13 debuted at the top of the UK charts, staying at that position for two weeks. The album's lead single, the gospel-based "Tender", opened at the second spot on the charts. After "Coffee & TV", the first Blur single to feature Coxon on lead vocals, only reached number 11 in the UK, manager Chris Morrison demanded a chart re-run because of what he deemed was a sales miscalculation. In July 1999, in celebration of their tenth anniversary, Blur released a 22-CD limited edition box-set of their singles. The accompanying tour saw Blur play the A-sides of the 22 singles in their chronological order of release. In October 2000, the group released the compilation Blur: The Best Of, which debuted at number three in the UK and received a Platinum certification for 300,000 copies shipped. Dismissed by the band as "the first record we have seen as product", the track listing and release dates of Blur: The Best Of were determined on the basis of market research and focus groups conducted by Blur's record label, EMI. By this time, the group had largely disowned the upbeat pop singles from the Britpop era, and favoured the more arty, experimental work on Blur and 13. In an otherwise highly enthusiastic review of the best-of for the NME, Steve Sutherland criticised the band's "sheer disregard" for their earlier work; "Just because these songs embarrassed them once they started listening to broadsheet critics and retreated wounded from the big-sales battle with Oasis doesn't mean that we're morons to love them." Coxon's departure, Think Tank and hiatus, 2001–2007 After 13 and the subsequent tours in 1999–2000, band members pursued other projects. Graham Coxon recorded a string of solo albums, while Damon Albarn dedicated his time to Gorillaz, the animated band he had created with Jamie Hewlett. Alex James worked with Fat Les and co-wrote several songs with Sophie Ellis-Bextor and Marianne Faithfull. Recording for Blur's next album began in London in November 2001, but concerted work started in June 2002, with the sessions moving to Marrakech, Morocco soon after, and then to Devon back in the UK. Not long after the sessions began, Coxon left the group. Coxon said "there were no rows" and "[the band] just recognised the feeling that we needed some time apart". Before the album was released, Blur released a new single, "Don't Bomb When You Are the Bomb" as a very limited white label release. The song is largely electronic, and was part of the band's protest against war in the Middle East. Albarn, however, attempted to assuage fans' fears that the album would be electronic by providing reassurances that the band's new album would be "a rockin' record", and also said that it has "a lot of finely crafted pop songs". Early in 2002, Blur recorded a song that would be played by European Space Agency's Beagle 2 lander once it touched down; however, attempts to locate the probe after it landed on Mars were fruitless. Think Tank, released in May 2003, was filled with atmospheric, brooding electronic sounds, featuring simpler guitar lines played by Albarn, and largely relying on other instruments to replace Coxon. The guitarist's absence also meant that Think Tank was almost entirely written by Albarn. Its sound was seen as a testament to Albarn's increasing interest in African and Middle Eastern music, and to his complete control over the group's creative direction. Think Tank was yet another UK number one and managed Blur's highest US position of number 56. It was also nominated for best album at the 2004 Brit Awards. The band did a successful tour in 2003, with former Verve guitarist Simon Tong filling in for Coxon. In 2005, XFM News reported that Blur would record an EP, and denied that they would hire a replacement guitarist for Coxon. There were also some aborted recordings made in 2005. Overall the band kept a low profile and did no studio or touring work as a three-piece. After Coxon significantly thawed on the subject of rejoining Blur, in 2007 band members announced that they would reunite, and that they intended to record together first in August, with the date later being pushed back to September, then October. Though the band members finally met up in October, they posted on their website that they had only "met up for an enjoyable lunch" and that there were no "other music plans for Blur". Reunion, The Magic Whip, and second hiatus, 2008–present In December 2008, Blur announced they would reunite for a concert at London's Hyde Park on 3 July 2009. Days later, the band added a second date, for 2 July. A series of June preview shows were also announced, ending at Manchester Evening News arena on the 26th. All the shows were well received; The Guardians music critic Alexis Petridis gave their performance at Goldsmiths college a full five stars, and wrote "Blur's music seems to have potentiated by the passing of years ... they sound both more frenetic and punky and more nuanced and exploratory than they did at the height of their fame". Blur headlined the Glastonbury Festival on 28 June, where they played for the first time since their headline slot in 1998. Reviews of the Glastonbury performance were enthusiastic; The Guardian called them "the best Glastonbury headliners in an age". The band released their second greatest hits album Midlife: A Beginner's Guide to Blur in June 2009. Blur also headlined at other summer festivals, including Oxegen 2009 in Ireland, and the Scottish outdoor show of T in the Park. Their T in the Park headline slot was put in jeopardy after Graham Coxon was admitted to hospital with food poisoning. Ultimately, the band did play, albeit an hour and a half after they were scheduled to appear. After the completion of the reunion dates, James said the group had not discussed further plans, and Albarn told Q soon after that Blur had no intention of recording or touring again. He said, "I just can't do it anymore", and explained that the main motivation for participating in the reunion was to repair his relationship with Coxon, which he succeeded at. Coxon also said that no further Blur activity was planned, telling NME.com in September, "We're in touch and we say 'Wotcha' and all that but nothing has been mentioned about any more shows or anything else". In January 2010, No Distance Left to Run, a documentary about the band, was released in cinemas and a month later on DVD. In April 2010, Blur released their first new recording since 2003, "Fool's Day", for the Record Store Day event, as a vinyl record limited to 1000 copies; it was later made available as a free download on their website. No Distance Left to Run was nominated as Best Long Form Music Video for the 53rd Grammy Awards, Blur's first-ever Grammy nomination. In February 2012, Blur were awarded the Outstanding Contribution to Music award at the 2012 Brit Awards. Later that month, Albarn and Coxon premiered a new track together live, "Under the Westway". In April, the band announced that a box-set entitled Blur 21—containing all seven Blur studio albums, four discs of unreleased rarities and three DVDs—would be released in July. Blur had also entered the studio early that year to record material for a new album, but in May producer William Orbit told the NME that Albarn had halted recording. Blur's official Twitter and Facebook pages announced that the band would release two singles "The Puritan" and "Under the Westway" on 2 July. That August, Blur headlined a show at Hyde Park for the 2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony. In 2013, the band performed at the Rock Werchter in Belgium, the Spanish and Portuguese dates of the Primavera Sound festival, and the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival in the United States. In April 2015, Blur released their first studio album in twelve years, The Magic Whip. Conceived over five days in Hong Kong after a cancelled Japan tour in 2013, the album was inspired by the city as well. "There's nothing pastoral about it", Albarn said, "it's very urban". The Magic Whip also marks the return of Coxon, absent on all but one track on Think Tank, and Stephen Street, Blur's producer during the Britpop era. Upon its release, the record was greeted with applause both by the music press and the mainstream media. Awarding the album a full five stars, The Daily Telegraph called The Magic Whip "a triumphant comeback that retains the band's core identity while allowing ideas they'd fermented separately over the past decade to infuse their sound with mature and peculiar new flavour combinations". The NME concurred, saying Blur were "a reunited band making music to rival their very best". It was also a commercial success, becoming the sixth consecutive Blur LP since Parklife (1994) to top the British charts. The Guardian also noted that at times during its first week of release, The Magic Whip sold "more than the rest of the top five combined". That December New World Towers, a documentary on the recording process of The Magic Whip, was released in select British theatres. Blur have been on hiatus once again since the 2015 tour promoting The Magic Whip. In 2018, Albarn said that a Blur reunion is "Never not a possibility", and confessed "I'd hate to think I'd never play with those musicians again." The band briefly reunited in March 2019 for a surprise performance at an Albarn-organized Africa Express event in London. Discography Leisure (1991) Modern Life Is Rubbish (1993) Parklife (1994) The Great Escape (1995) Blur (1997) 13 (1999) Think Tank (2003) The Magic Whip (2015) See also Cool Britannia List of awards and nominations received by Blur Notes References Dower, John (dir). Live Forever: The Rise and Fall of Brit Pop. 2004. Passion Pictures. Harris, John. Britpop! Cool Britannia and the Spectacular Demise of English Rock. 2004. Da Capo Press. Strong, Martin C. The Great Indie Discography. 2003. Canongate. Thompson, Dave. Alternative Rock. 2004. Miller-Freeman. Further reading Maconie, Stuart. Blur: 3862 Days – The Official History. 1999. Virgin Books. External links 1988 establishments in England Britpop groups English indie rock groups Brit Award winners MTV Europe Music Award winners Ivor Novello Award winners Musical groups established in 1988 Musical groups from London Musical quartets NME Awards winners Parlophone artists Virgin Records artists Warner Records artists Musical groups from Essex
22398664	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fintan%20Goold	Fintan Goold	Fintan Goold (born 1986 in Macroom, County Cork) is an Irish sportsperson. He plays Gaelic football with his local club Macroom and has been a member of the Cork senior inter-county team since 2005. Playing career Club Goold plays his club football with his local club in Macroom. He first came to prominence as a member of the club’s under-21 team in the early 2000s. He lined out in the final of the county under-21 championship in 2006, however, Beara were the winners on that occasion. Goold lined out in a second consecutive county final in that grade in 2007, however, on this occasion Castlehaven defeated Macroom. Goold has enjoyed success with his club by captaining them to Intermediate County success in 2010 by defeating Kildorrery. Minor & under-21 Goold first came to prominence on the inter-county scene as a member of the Cork minor football team in the early 2000s. He lined out in his first Munster final in that grade in 2003, however, Kerry were a much better team and won the game by 1-14 to 0-10. Goold was still eligible for the minor grade again in 2004. That year Cork contestes another provincial decider, however, after a draw and a replay Cork were defeated by Kerry by 0-13 to 1-7. In 2005 Goold also became a member of the Cork under-21 football team. He won a Munster title in that grade that year, however, Cork were subsequently defeated in the All-Ireland semi-final. In 2006 Goold captured a second consecutive Munster under-21 winners’ medal, however, an All-Ireland medal eluded him. He made it three Munster titles in-a-row in 2007; however, on this occasion Goold later added an All-Ireland medal to his collection. Senior Goold was just out of the minor grade when he became a key member of the county’s senior football team. He was a key member of the team for the provincial championship campaign which Cork reached the final of. Reigning All-Ireland champions Kerry provided the opposition, however, Cork were no match for ‘the Kingdom’. The 1-11 to 0-10 defeat was not the end of the road as Cork still had another chance to claim the All-Ireland title. Kerry subsequently trounced their greatest rivals by 1-19 to 0-9 in the All-Ireland semi-final; however, Goold played no part in this game. In 2006 Cork lined out against Kerry in the Munster final once again. That game ended in a 0-10 apiece draw. The replay saw a much fresher Cork team defeat Kerry by 1-12 to 0-9. James Masters proved the hero of the day, as he scored 1-7 and Goold came on as a substitute to win his first Munster title. The quirks of the championship saw Cork face Kerry again in the subsequent All-Ireland semi-final for the second year in-a-row. In a similar pattern to the previous year Cork failed to beat Kerry at Croke Park. A 0-16 to 0-10 resulted in Goold's side being dumped out of the championship. In 2007 Cork narrowly lost their Munster crown to Kerry. In spite of the 1-15 to 1-13 defeat Cork still had another chance to claim the All-Ireland title. Cork later did well in the All-Ireland series and finally qualified for the championship decider. Reigning champions Kerry, however, were the opponents. Goold was not listed on the starting fifteen, however, he came on as a substitute during the match. While the first-half was played on an even keel, 'the Kingdom' ran riot in the second-half and a rout ensued. At the full-time whistle Cork were trounced by 3-13 to 1-9. In 2008, Cork won the Munster title, beating Kerry in the final. It was Goold's second Munster winners' medal in three years. Kerry, however, again defeated Cork in a thrilling replay in the All-Ireland semi-final despite an outstanding performance by ‘the Rebels’. Honours Cork Munster Senior Football Championship (4): 2006, 2008, 2009, 2012 Munster Under-21 Football Championship (3): 2005, 2006, 2007 National Football League Division 1 (3): 2010, 2011, 2012 National Football League Division 2 (1): 2009 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (1): 2010 All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship (1): 2007 Club Cork Intermediate Football Championship (1): 2010 Cork Minor A Football Championship (1): 2004 Awards Cadbury Under-21 Hero of The Future (1): 2007 References 1986 births Living people Macroom Gaelic footballers Cork inter-county Gaelic footballers People from Macroom
5840402	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schenectady%20Packers	Schenectady Packers	The Schenectady Packers were an American basketball team based in Schenectady, New York that was a member of the New York State Professional Basketball League and the American Basketball League. During the 1949/50 season, the team dropped out of the league on November 23, 1949. Year-by-year References Basketball teams in New York (state) Defunct basketball teams in the United States Basketball teams established in 1948 Basketball teams disestablished in 1949 1948 establishments in New York (state) 1949 disestablishments in New York (state)
43753705	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcending%20Fear	Transcending Fear	Transcending Fear: The Story of Gao Zhisheng is a 2013 biography documentary film covering the life of Chinese human rights lawyer Gao Zhisheng. The film was directed by Wenjing Ma. References External links 2013 films
21934567	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%20Memphis%20Tigers%20football%20team	2008 Memphis Tigers football team	The 2008 Memphis Tigers football team represented the University of Memphis in the 2008 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Memphis competed as a member of the Conference USA. The team was led by head coach Tommy West. The Tigers played their home games at the Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium. The Tigers finished the regular season with a 6–6 record, which was enough to attain bowl eligibility. Memphis accepted a bid to play against South Florida in the inaugural St. Petersburg Bowl in St. Petersburg, Florida. The Tigers lost, 41–14. Schedule Game summaries Mississippi Recap: Ole Miss tops Memphis to give Nutt win in debut Rice Recap: Rice 42, Memphis 35 Marshall Recap: Memphis 16, Marshall 17 Nicholls State Recap: Nicholls State 10, Memphis 31 Arkansas State Recap: Memphis 29, Arkansas St. 17 Alabama-Birmingham Recap: Memphis 33, UAB 30 Louisville Recap: Louisville's offense lags, so special teams and defense pick up slack vs. Memphis East Carolina Recap: Memphis 10, East Carolina 30 Southern Mississippi Recap: Steele (178 yards, 2 TDs) keys Memphis past Southern Miss Southern Methodist Recap: Memphis 31, SMU 26 Central Florida Recap: UCF 28, Memphis 21 Tulane Recap: Memphis 45, Tulane 6 South Florida (St. Petersburg Bowl) Recap: Grothe throws for 236 yards, three TDs as South Florida dominates Memphis References External links 2008 Memphis Tigers Football Media Guide, University of Memphis Memphis Memphis Tigers football seasons Memphis Tigers football
69525285	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%20FINA%20World%20Swimming%20Championships%20%2825%20m%29%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20400%20metre%20individual%20medley	2021 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m) – Women's 400 metre individual medley	The Women's 400 metre individual medley competition of the 2021 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m) was held on 16 December 2021. Records Prior to the competition, the existing world and championship records were as follows. Results Heats The heats were started at 11:10. Final The final was held at 18:49. References Women's 400 metre individual medley
25656275	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic%20ghost%20crab	Atlantic ghost crab	The Atlantic ghost crab, Ocypode quadrata, is a species of ghost crab. It is a common species along the Atlantic coast of the United States, where it is the only species of ghost crab; its range of distribution extends from its northernmost reach on beaches in Westport, Massachusetts, south along the coasts of the tropical Western Atlantic Ocean to the beach of Barra do Chui, in Rio Grande do Sul in southern Brazil. Description Adults are greyish or the color of straw, and around wide at maturity. They must return to water periodically to moisten their gills, and when larvae must be released into the sea, but are otherwise terrestrial. Their stalked compound eyes can swivel to give them 360° vision. Young crabs are cryptically colored to blend in with their sandy habitats. Distribution Atlantic ghost crabs are found from Block Island, Rhode Island, and Nantucket, Massachusetts, northern Virginia beaches, the Outer Banks of North Carolina to Santa Catarina, Brazil, on Fernando de Noronha, and Bermuda. Its planktonic larvae have been found even farther north, at Woods Hole, Massachusetts, although the adults cannot survive there. Fossil record Fossil specimens of O. quadrata have been found in rocks dating from the Pleistocene. Ecology The Atlantic ghost crab lives in burrows in sand above the strandline. Older individuals dig their burrows farther from the sea, some starting as much as inland. Burrows can be up to deep, and can be closed off with sand during hot periods. This crab can produce a variety of sounds by striking the ground with the claw, by stridulation with the legs, and an incompletely explained "bubbling sound". Males compete in a heavily ritualised manner which prevents the need for physical contact. O. quadrata is more active at night than in the day, and is an omnivore, eating clams (such as conquina clams and Donax spp.), mole crabs (including Emerita talpoida), insects, plant material, detritus, and even other crabs. They also feed on the eggs and hatchlings of sea turtles, such as the loggerhead sea turtle. Sandy beaches, a habitat frequented by ghost crabs, have had a decrease in the abundance of ghost crabs due to human behavior. Ghost crabs are negatively impacted by human and vehicle trampling, which results in direct crushing of crabs, as well as indirect damage such as compression of sediment which reduces habitat suitability, interference with reproductive behaviors, reduction in food supply, and light pollution. Consequently, it is less common on beaches frequented by people. References External links Atlantic ghost crab Atlantic ghost crab Fauna of Bermuda Fauna of the Eastern United States Arthropods of the Dominican Republic Crustaceans described in 1787
22597763	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Montgomery%20House	William Montgomery House	William Montgomery House may refer to: in the United States William Montgomery House (Elizabethtown, Kentucky), listed on the NRHP in Kentucky William Montgomery House (Lancaster, Pennsylvania), listed on the NRHP in Pennsylvania See also Montgomery House (disambiguation)
25572808	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archie%20Comics%20in%20popular%20culture	Archie Comics in popular culture	The following is a list of reference to Archie Comics in popular culture. Film In 1998, director Tommy O'Haver was hired by Universal to write and direct a big-budget Archie movie, but the project never went before the cameras. In the 1985 feature film Police Academy 2, Officer Mahoney goes undercover to infiltrate a gang that is taking over their city. When first making contact with members of the gang, he claims that his name is Jughead and that he runs with a gang called The Archies. The 1970s soft-core porn movie Hot Times was loosely based on the Archie characters. In Chasing Amy, two characters argue over the sexual orientation of Archie, one claiming he is gay, the other that he is straight. In The Right Stuff, Gus Grissom wryly refers to fellow future Mercury astronauts John Glenn and Scott Carpenter as "Archie and Jughead" due to their friendly sense of competition during the grueling testing sessions conducted by government medical personnel. Television In the Seinfeld episode "The Wink", Jerry, Elaine, Kramer and George were once referred to as 'Archie', 'Veronica', 'Jughead' and 'Mr. Weatherbee' respectively In an episode of Hey Arnold!, Helga mentions Jughead. Also Harold Berman originally had a crown beanie resembling that of Jughead. In Ed, Ed's friend compares him to Archie. In Corner Gas, the characters compare themselves to the Archies and later dress up as them. Animation In The Simpsons episode "Sideshow Bob Roberts", Archie, Reggie, Moose, and Jughead make a brief cameo; they pull up to the Simpsons' house tossing Homer Simpson out of Archie's car as Moose warns Homer, "Duh, stay out of Riverdale!". Later in the episode, Homer is seen reading Archie Comics, plotting revenge on "those Riverdale punks." In The Simpsons episode "Lisa the Tree Hugger", Bart is shown reading an "Itchy & Veronica" comic book where he sighs and says aloud, "Oh, Betty..." In an episode of Smart Guy, TJ pretends to be stupid and reads a Jughead comic. In the Drawn Together episode "Xandir and Tim, Sitting in a Tree", a red-haired character, shown playing Whac-A-Mole, is modeled after Archie Andrews. In the Johnny Bravo crossover episode with Scooby-Doo, Johnny, assigned to search for clues with Shaggy who would rather search for food, comments, "Why did I have to get stuck with Jughead?" In the Family Guy episode "North by North Quahog", Peter is caught reading an Archie comic book while driving the car, as he picks on Jughead for eating a large pile of hamburgers. On an episode of Robot Chicken, there's a parody with the Archie characters called "Archie's Final Destination" which mashes up Archie Comics and Final Destination. In the sketch, Archie and friends try to cheat Death. There was a later skit that put them on the reality show Are You the One? Jughead was featured in a Filmation-animated segment for Sesame Street about the letter J. Music The Firesign Theatre's album Don't Crush That Dwarf, Hand Me the Pliers has a segment called "High School Madness" about two characters based on Archie and Jughead. Trip-hop band Lovage wrote a song called "Archie & Veronica". Punk band Jughead's Revenge. Punk band The Riverdales wrote the song "Riverdale Stomp". Comics In a The Simpsons comic, Archie appears in a flashback of Homer's teenage years, holding a sign that says "Riverdale". In 1954, Mad Magazine released the comic story Starchie, whose characters Starchie, Bottleneck, Biddy and Salonica were clear parodies of the Archie Comics teenagers. It has been reprinted numerous times. Lawsuits The February 1962 issue of Harvey Kurtzman's Help! magazine featured a parody of the Archie characters in its Goodman Beaver story, Goodman Goes Playboy, written by Kurtzman and illustrated by frequent collaborator, Will Elder (the magazine itself hit newsstands on December 1960). Attorneys for Archie Comics filed suit shortly thereafter, for copyright infringement. An agreement was reached in March 1964, with $1000 in damages paid, and an apology was issued. Later attempts to reprint the Goodman Beaver story, with names and artwork altered by NBN and Elder to minimize similarities to Archie characters and trademarks, were again met with threatened legal action by Archie Comics. However, according to a May 2008 posting on The Comics Journal website: "It resulted in waves of lawyers raining upon the strip’s creators, ultimately leading to Kurtzman and Elder handing the copyright to the story over to Archie and signing an agreement promising never to reproduce it again. Some 40 years or so later, Gary Groth discovered that Archie had forgotten to renew the copyright to the strip, and that it had fallen into the public domain." As a result, Goodman Goes Playboy can now be reprinted by anyone, anywhere, at any time, since it is no longer copyrighted by anyone. Ironically, despite the above legal wrangling, Archie Comics never took any action against Kurtzman, Elder nor publisher William Gaines for the 1954 Mad Magazine story Starchie, which has been reprinted numerous times. Archie Comics prohibits any fan fiction stories based on Archie Comics characters. Fans sometimes include adult and erotic content, and Archie Comics does not want to tarnish the clean and good-natured image of the characters or allow them to stray too far from the canon. Fanfiction.Net received a cease and desist order from Archie Comics to remove any stories based on Archie Comics' characters from its site. However, this did not include Archie Sonic Comic and its spin-offs due to Sega's copyrights. (However, story contests are frequently run through the official Archie website, allowing fans to create their own stories in accordance with site's rules). On April 4, 2003, Dad's Garage Theatre of Atlanta, was scheduled to debut a new play, Archie's Weird Fantasy, which depicted Riverdale's most famous resident coming out of the closet and moving to New York. The day before the play was scheduled to open, Archie Comics issued a cease and desist order threatening litigation if the play proceeded as written: "The play was to depict Archie and his pals from Riverdale growing up, coming out and facing censorship. 'Archie Comics' thought if Archie was portrayed as being gay, that would dilute and tarnish his image." For full report, see the "Archie satire lawsuit." Some believe the pop duet The Veronicas are named after Veronica Lodge, as it is reminiscent of The Archies. Archie Comics launched legal action against the group for trademark infringement. However, The Veronicas claimed that they merely liked the sound of the name Veronica, making it only a coincidence. A settlement was reached that included a cross-promotion deal where the duet appeared in some comics. Jughead's Revenge, an American punk rock, band was forced to split up after a lawsuit from Archie Comics in April 2001. References Archie Comics Creative works in popular culture
1337514	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mabel	Mabel	Mabel is an English female given name derived from the Latin amabilis, "lovable, dear". History Amabilis of Riom (died 475) was a French male saint who logically would have assumed the name Amabilis upon entering the priesthood: his veneration may have resulted in Amabilis being used as both a male and female name, or the name's female usage may have been initiated by the female saint Amabilis of Rouen (died 634), the daughter of an Anglo-Saxon king who would have adopted the name Amabilis upon becoming a nun. Brought by the Normans—as Amable—to the British Isles, the name was there common as both Amabel and the abbreviated Mabel throughout the Middle Ages, with Mabel subsequently remaining common until circa 1700, from which point its usage was largely restricted to Ireland, Mabel there being perceived as a variant of the Celtic name Maeve, until the name had a Victorian revival in Britain, facilitated by the 1853 publication of the novel The Heir of Redclyffe by Charlotte M. Yonge, which features an Irish character named Mabel Kilcoran; Yonge's novel also features a character named Amabel, but her novel only significantly boosted the popularity of the name in the form Mabel, which became immensely popular in both the British Isles and the United States. At the start of the 20th century, Mabel's popularity began a slow decline which accelerated from the 1930s; the name has seen very light usage since the 1960s. Due to its origin as an abridgement of Amabel it has been surmised that Mabel was originally pronounced with a short A, the name's pronunciation with a long A dating only from its mid-19th-century revival. Notable people Mabel of Bury St. Edmunds, 13th-century embroiderer Princess Mabel of Orange-Nassau (born 1968), member of the Dutch royalty Mabel Albertson (1901–1992), American character actress Mabel Esther Allan (1915–1998), British author Mabel Lucie Atwell (1879–1964) British children's illustrator and author Mabel Marks Bacon (1876–1966), American hotelier Mabel Ballin (1887–1958), American actress Mabel de Bellême (died 1079), Countess of Shrewsbury and Lady of Arundel Mabel Besant-Scott (1870–1952), British occultist Mabel Thorp Boardman (1860–1946), American philanthropist involved with the American Red Cross Mabel Browne, Countess of Kildare (c. 1536 – 1610) Mabel Cheung (born 1950), film director from Hong Kong Mabel Colhoun (1905–1992), Irish photographer, teacher and archaeologist Mabel Condemarín (1931–2004), Chilean educator Mabel Wheeler Daniels (1877–1971), American composer, conductor, and teacher Mabel Dove Danquah (1905–1984), Ghanaian journalist, political activist and creative writer Mabel Dearmer (1872–1915), English novelist, dramatist and children's book author/illustrator Mabel DeWare (born 1926), Canadian politician, curler, and retired Senator Mabel Smith Douglass (1874–1933), American academic Mabel Fairbanks (1915–2001), American figure skater Mabel FitzRobert, Countess of Gloucester (c. 1100 – 1157), Anglo-Norman noblewoman Lady Mabel Wentworth-Fitzwilliam (1870–1951), English politician Mabel B. Holle (1920–2011), player in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball Mabel Gardiner Hubbard (1857–1923), wife of Alexander Graham Bell Mabel Grammer (1915–2002), American journalist Mabel Farrington Gifford (1880–1962), American speech therapist Mabel Jones (c. 1865-1923), British physician and suffragette sympathiser Mabel King (1932–1999), American singer and actress Mabel Hyde Kittredge (1867–1955), home economist and social worker Mabel Lang (1917–2010), American archaeologist Mabel Ping-Hua Lee (1896-1966), Chinese advocate for women's suffrage in the United States Mabel Lee, Australian translator Mabel Lockerby (1882–1976), Canadian artist Mabel Dodge Luhan (1879–1962), American patron of the arts Mabel Manzotti (1938–2012), Argentine film, stage and television actress Mabel McVey (born 1996), Swedish-English singer and songwriter Mabel Mercer (1900–1994), American cabaret singer Mabel Mosquera (born 1969), Colombian weightlifter Mabel Normand (1892–1930), American comic actress Mabel Paige (1880–1954), American stage and film actress Mabel Parton (1881–1962), British tennis player Mabel Cosgrove Wodehouse Pearse, Irish writer Mabel Poulton (1901–1994), British actress Mabel Pryde (1871–1918), artist Mabel Rayner (c.1890-1948), English botanist Mabel Sonnier Savoie (1939–2013), American singer and guitar player Mabel Seeley (1903–1991), American mystery writer Mabel A. Shaw (1880 – June 15, 1962) Mabel L. Smith (1924–1972), known professionally as Big Maybelle, American R&B singer Mabel Stark (1889–1968), tiger trainer Mabel Keaton Staupers (1890–1989), pioneer in the American nursing profession Mabel St Clair Stobart (1862–1954), British suffragist and aid-worker Mabel Strickland (1899–1988), Maltese journalist and politician Mabel Taliaferro (1887–1979), American actress Mabel Loomis Todd (1856–1932), American editor and writer Mabel Todd (disambiguation), several people Mabel Landrum Torrey (1886–1974), American sculptor Mabel Vernon (1883–1975), American suffragist Mabel Rose Welch (1871–1959), American painter of portrait miniatures Mabel Walker Willebrandt (1889–1963), U.S. Assistant Attorney General from 1921 to 1929 under the Warren G. Harding administration Mabel Sine Wadsworth (1910–2006), American birth control activist and women's health educator Mabel May Woodward (1877–1945), American impressionist painter Mabel Martin Wyrick (1913–2003), American writer Mabel Yuan (born 1987), Chinese actress and singer Stage name or ring name Mabel Matiz (born 1985), Turkish pop singer Mabel (singer) (born 1996), English pop singer, daughter of singer Neneh Cherry Mabel (wrestler), a ring name of American professional wrestler Nelson Lee Frazier Jr. (1971–2014) Fictional characters Mabel Mora, a female lead character in the Hulu web television series Only Murders in the Building Mabel Darcy, daughter of Bridget Jones and Mark Darcy, in the Bridget Jones's Diary series Mabel Motley, female lead character on the 1976–2000 comic strip Motley's Crew Mabel Pines, a main character in the animated series Gravity Falls Mabel Stanley, a lead character in The Pirates of Penzance Mabel Timbertoes, a child character in the Timbertoes series for Highlights for Children Mabel the Ugly Stepsister, from the animated film Shrek the Third Mabel Foyle, Viscountess Gillingham (born The Honourable Mabel Lane Fox), wife of Anthony “Tony” Foyle, Viscount Gillingham in the TV show Downton Abbey References Feminine given names English feminine given names
5858880	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon%20Taylor%20%28footballer%29	Gordon Taylor (footballer)	Gordon Alexander Taylor OBE (born 28 December 1944) is an English former professional footballer who played as a winger. He was chief executive of the English footballers' trades union, the Professional Footballers' Association, for over 40 years, between 1981 and 2021. In March 2019 it was reported that he is to stand down after the completion of a "full and open review" into the PFA's finances is presented at its 2019 AGM, along with its entire management committee and chairman Ben Purkiss. He is reputed to be the highest paid union official in the world. The 2020 PFA AGM is scheduled for 26 November, and is expected to appoint four non-executive directors. In September 2020 the chair of the all party group on gambling, Carolyn Harris voiced her reservations on gambling related harm exampled by the Union's CEO. Taylor was born in Ashton-under-Lyne, Lancashire. He played over 250 matches for Bolton Wanderers and scored more than 50 goals before being transferred to Birmingham City in 1970. He joined Blackburn Rovers in 1976 and spent the 1977 close season playing in the North American Soccer League for the Vancouver Whitecaps. He returned to play for Blackburn and finally Bury before retiring in 1980 to work full-time for the PFA. Taylor earned a Bachelor of Science in economics from University of London in 1969 as an external student. In 2007, he was a member of FIFA's football committee. He is an alumnus of Manchester Metropolitan University. He was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2008 New Year Honours. His mobile phone messages were allegedly hacked by a private investigator employed by the News of the World newspaper. The Guardian reported that News International (the owner of the News of the World) paid Taylor £700,000 in legal costs and damages in exchange for a confidentiality agreement barring him from speaking about the case. References Infobox statistics Specific 1944 births Living people Footballers from Ashton-under-Lyne English footballers Association football wingers Leaders of British trade unions Bolton Wanderers F.C. players Birmingham City F.C. players Blackburn Rovers F.C. players Vancouver Whitecaps (1974–1984) players Bury F.C. players English Football League players North American Soccer League (1968–1984) players Officers of the Order of the British Empire People educated at Ashton-under-Lyne Grammar School Alumni of University of London Worldwide Alumni of the University of London Alumni of Manchester Metropolitan University English expatriate sportspeople in Canada Expatriate soccer players in Canada English expatriate footballers English sports executives and administrators
67095524	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hai%20B%C3%A0%20Tr%C6%B0ng%20Temple	Hai Bà Trưng Temple	Hai Bà Trưng Temple is the name of several temples to the two Trưng Sisters in Vietnam: Hai Bà Trưng Temple (Đồng Nhân), a temple in Hai Bà Trưng District, Hanoi Hai Bà Trưng Temple (Mê Linh), a temple in Mê Linh District, Hanoi (the sisters' homeland)
62553574	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948%20Michigan%20gubernatorial%20election	1948 Michigan gubernatorial election	The 1948 Michigan gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1948. Democratic nominee G. Mennen Williams defeated incumbent Republican Kim Sigler with 53.41% of the vote. General election Candidates Major party candidates G. Mennen Williams, Democratic Kim Sigler, Republican Other candidates Seth A. Davey, Prohibition Emanuel Seidler, Socialist Arthur Chenoweth, Socialist Labor Howard Lerner, Socialist Workers Results Primaries The primary elections occurred on September 14, 1948. Democratic primary Republican primary References 1948 Michigan Gubernatorial November 1948 events
56274596	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowhera%20Shaik	Nowhera Shaik	Aalima Nowhera Shaikh is an Indian entrepreneur and politician. She is the executive chairperson and founder of Heera Group and founder and current president of the All India Mahila Empowerment Party. Shaik received award by UAE Minister for Business Leadership Icon In 2018. Heera Group As per its website, Heera Group claimed that it was a company with diversified operations in various sectors including gold importing, gold trading, textiles, jewellery, mineral water, granite, tours and travels, real estate and e-commerce. Heera Mart, the group's shopping mall is located at Kukatpally, Hyderabad. As per the chargesheet filed by Telangana police at the behest of investors, its subsequent investigation, and the declaration by the company itself the company started operation in 2008 as a small import and export company called "Hera Exim", renting 5 shop spaces in malls in Hyderabad, namely F1, F2, F3, F14 and F15. The company subsequently bought these spaces, and sold them to Indian Overseas bank and Corporation bank for Rs. 4 crores, the beginning capital investment for the group's subsequent activities. Subsequently, the shop shifted to Poatpally, and opened a large head office and call center in Banjara Hills, claiming to have international operations and floating investment schemes for small investors. Political life On 16 November 2017, Nowhera founded the All India Mahila Empowerment Party. The party contested the 2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election and fielded candidates for all 224 constituencies garnering 0.3% vote share. The party contested from all the 119 constitutencies in the 2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election and aims to contest in the 2019 Indian general election. Awards and recognition Business Leadership Icon - 2018 Extraordinaire – Powerful Women Achiever by NexBrands – Brand Vision Summit - 2017-2018 Stardust Achievers Award - 2017 Gulfood Award - Best New Comer Brand - 2016 Woman of Integrity and Purpose Award - 2016 Fastest Growing Indian Company Excellence Award - 2013 Controversy In 2018 Shaik was arrested for allegedly running a Ponzi scheme assuring returns of 36% per annum for the investment under the disguise of Heera Group and the total amount involved was more than ₹5000 crore from 1.72 lakh investors. In 2016 also a complaint filed filed angaint Heera Group by Asaduddin Owaisi alleging for cheating a number investors from his constituency Hyderabad. Shaik was released on conditional bail by the Supreme Court of India with a direction to repay the investors. After, the release Shaik had alleged that, she was targeted as a part of political rivalry. References Indian women business executives Businesspeople from Andhra Pradesh Living people Businesswomen from Andhra Pradesh 1973 births
4660891	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie%20Jackson%20%28musician%29	Eddie Jackson (musician)	Eddie Jackson (born January 29, 1961), also known as EdBass and One Take, is an American bass guitarist for the progressive metal band Queensrÿche, which he co-founded in 1982. Career Jackson was born in Robstown, Texas. He began playing the acoustic guitar at age 14. Two years later, he switched to electric guitar and bass guitar. He also experimented with singing and drums. Jackson met drummer Scott Rockenfield in late 1979 at Redmond High School, and joined Rockenfield's band Cross+Fire in 1980. The band's name later was changed to The Mob, and in 1982 to Queensrÿche. Jackson has been with the band since, and is notoriously known for putting pranks on the inside of album covers, especially in the liner notes. Endorsements and equipment Jackson endorsed Kramer basses during the mid-1980s, until Kramer bought out Spector. The NS-2s were his primary bass guitars throughout the late 1980s and into the 1990s, and were among others used on Operation: Livecrime, until his black Spector was stolen in the mid-'90s, after which Jackson retired his white model from touring, and switched to using Spector's Euro 5LX and ReBop bass guitars. Jackson briefly endorsed Fernandes basses from 1994 to 1996, during Queensrÿche's Promised Land tour, before endorsing Bellevue-based master luthier Michael Lull, who had done all of the repair and upkeep work on Queensrÿche's guitars. He also used a rackmount Line 6 Bass Pod Pro at some point as well in the late 90's and early 2000's. Jackson specifically uses the following bass guitars and amplifiers: Bass guitars Spector "Kramer-era" (late 1980s) NS-2 in black (stolen in the mid-'90s). Spector "Kramer-era" (late 1980s) NS-2 in white. Spector Euro 5LX 5-string neck-through, with custom gloss white finish, black hardware and active EMG pickups and preamp. Spector ReBop 5 DLX FM (Deluxe Figured Maple) 5-string bolt-on, in Black Cherryburst with active EMG pickups and preamp. Mike Lull M4V "Modern/Vintage" 4-string in sunburst, with custom Seymour Duncan Bassline Jazz Bass-style pickups, Bartolini preamp and Hipshot Bass Xtender. Mike Lull M4V "Modern/Vintage" 4-string in black with active EMG Jazz Bass-style pickups, preamp and Hipshot Bass Xtender. Mike Lull M5V "Modern/Vintage" custom 5-string in black, rear-routed with no pickguard, custom Seymour Duncan Bassline Jazz Bass-style pickups and Bartolini preamp. Mike Lull M5V "Modern/Vintage" 5-string in sunburst with custom Seymour Duncan Bassline Jazz Bass-style pickups and Bartolini preamp. Mid-'90s Tobias 5-string in black Mid-'90s Tobias 5-string with an Operation: Mindcrime graphic on the front, with Bartolini pickups and preamp. Ibanez 4-string acoustic bass in black. Bass amplifiers Hartke LH1000 bass amplifier. Hartke HX410 4x10" and Hartke HX115 1x15" HyDrive series bass cabinets. Discography Queensrÿche References 1961 births Living people Queensrÿche members American heavy metal bass guitarists American male bass guitarists Musicians from Texas Progressive metal bass guitarists Guitarists from Texas American male guitarists 20th-century American guitarists People from Robstown, Texas Glam metal musicians pl:Eddie Jackson
57245676	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istvan%20Korpa	Istvan Korpa	Istvan Korpa is a male former international table tennis player from Serbia. He won a bronze medal at the 1969 World Table Tennis Championships in the Swaythling Cup (men's team event) with Zlatko Cordas, Antun Stipančić, Dragutin Šurbek and Edvard Vecko for Yugoslavia. Two years later he won a bronze medal at the 1971 World Table Tennis Championships in the Swaythling Cup (men's team event) with Milivoj Karakašević, Cordas, Stipančić and Šurbek. He also won nine European Table Tennis Championships medals. He was later a very successful coach. See also List of table tennis players List of World Table Tennis Championships medalists References Yugoslav table tennis players Serbian male table tennis players 1945 births Living people World Table Tennis Championships medalists
54577344	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNG%20Th%C3%A1i%20Nguy%C3%AAn%20W.F.C.	TNG Thái Nguyên W.F.C.	Thai Nguyen T&T Women's Football Club () is a Vietnam women's football club, based in Thái Nguyên, Vietnam. The team will play in the Vietnam women's football championship. The team is currently playing at Thái Nguyên Stadium. History The club was founded in 2003 as Thái Nguyên W.F.C. in Thái Nguyên, Vietnam. Honours Domestic competitions League Vietnam women's football championship Winners (0): Current squad As of May 2017 References Women's football in Vietnam
5691048	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20Cline	Edward Cline	Edward Cline (born October 22, 1946 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American novelist, essayist and an air force veteran. He is best known for his Sparrowhawk series of novels, which are set in England and Virginia before the American Revolutionary War. His other fiction includes a suspense series (featuring American entrepreneur Merritt Fury), a contemporary detective series (featuring Chess Hanrahan, who solves paradoxical murders), and a period detective series (featuring Cyrus Skeen in 1920s San Francisco). Outside of his work as a novelist, Cline is known for his writings on aesthetics, his defenses of capitalism and of free speech, and his criticisms of contemporary political trends and of Islam (and religion in general). Cline has written on freedom of speech and censorship issues for The Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science and The Journal of Information Ethics. He has written feature and cover stories, as well as book reviews, for Marine Corps League Magazine, The Colonial Williamsburg Journal, The Wall Street Journal, and The Intellectual Activist. His article on English political philosopher John Locke was carried in two editions of Western Civilization (McGraw-Hill). He has written the Rule of Reason blog for the Center for the Advancement of Capitalism since 2003. His columns have also appeared on Capitalism Magazine, Family Security Matters, and other blog sites. As a writer, his strongest influence has been novelist-philosopher Ayn Rand. In May 2016, Cline was informed by the FBI that his name was on a list of over 8,000 names that was characterized as an ISIS kill list. Cline's landlord promptly evicted him. In an interview with Vocativ Cline said, "The situation is unprecedented in my lifetime experience. I've never before been evicted or thrown under the bus for what I think and write." Bibliography First Prize, Mysterious Press/Warner Book, 1988, Whisper the Guns, Atlantean Press, 1992, Whisper the Guns, Patrick Henry Press, 2011, Sparrowhawk One: Jack Frake, MacAdam/Cage Publishing, 2001, Sparrowhawk Two: Hugh Kenrick MacAdam/Cage Publishing, 2002 Sparrowhawk Three: Caxton, MacAdam/Cage Publishing, 2004, Sparrowhawk Four: Empire, MacAdam/Cage Publishing, 2004, Sparrowhawk Five: Revolution, MacAdam/Cage, 2005, Sparrowhawk Six: War, MacAdam/Cage, 16 January 2007, Sparrowhawk Companion, MacAdam/Cage, 2008, (in collaboration with Jena Trammell, editor) Sparrowhawk: Book One, Jack Frake, Patrick Henry Press, July 2013, Sparrowhawk: Book Two, Hugh Kenrick, Patrick Henry Press, August 2013, Sparrowhawk: Book Three, Caxton, Patrick Henry Press, August 2013, Sparrowhawk: Book Four, Empire, Patrick Henry Press, August 2013, Sparrowhawk: Book Five, Revolution, Patrick Henry Press, August 2013, Sparrowhawk: Book Six, War, Patrick Henry Press, August 2013, The New Sparrowhawk Companion, Patrick Henry Press, December 2013, Presence of Mind, Perfect Crime Books, 2010, Honors Due, Perfect Crime Books, 2011, First Prize, Perfect Crime Books, 2010, With Distinction, Perfect Crime Books, 2012, Run From Judgment, Patrick Henry Press, 2012, We Three Kings, Patrick Henry Press, 2012, China Basin, Patrick Henry Press, 2012, The Head of Athena, Patrick Henry Press, 2012, The Daedâlus Conspiracy, Patrick Henry Press, 2012, The Chameleon, Patrick Henry Press, 2012, A Crimson Overture, Patrick Henry Press, 2013, The Black Stone, Patrick Henry Press, 2014, Running Out My Guns, Patrick Henry Press, 2012, Broadsides in the War of Ideas, Patrick Henry Press, 2012, Corsairs and Freebooters, Patrick Henry Press, 2012, Boarding Parties & Grappling Hooks, Patrick Henry Press, 2013, Letters of Marque, Patrick Henry Press, 2013, From The Crow's Nest, Patrick Henry Press, 2014, The Pickwick Affair, Patrick Henry Press, 2014, Islam's Reign of Terror, Patrick Henry Press/Voltaire Press, 2014, Rational Scrutiny: Paradoxes and Contradictions in Detective Fiction, Patrick Henry Press, 2014, Silver Screens, Patrick Henry Press, 2015, The Circles of Odin, Patrick Henry Press, 2015, Sleight of Hand, Patrick Henry Press, 2015, Stolen Words, Patrick Henry Press, 2015, An August Interlude, Patrick Henry Press, 2015, Cogitations: Recent Reflections on the State of Things, Patrick Henry Press, 2015 Wintery Discontent, Patrick Henry Press, 2015 Manhattan Blues, Patrick Henry Press, 2016 The Janus Affair, Patrick Henry Press, 2016 First Things, Patrick Henry Press, 2016 Civic Affairs, Patrick Henry Press, 2016 Exegesis, Patrick Henry Press, 2016 Seeing Double, Patrick Henry Press, 2016 Trichotomy, Patrick Henry Press, 2016 Routing Islam, Patrick Henry Press, 2016 Beginnings, Patrick Henry Press, 2016 Reciprocity, Patrick Henry Press, 2016 Saving Athena, Patrick Henry Press, 2017 Split Infinitives, Patrick Henry Press, 2017 Passions, Patrick Henry Press, 2017 Celebrity News, Patrick Henry Press, 2017 Inquest, Patrick Henry Press, 2017 Double Entendre, Patrick Henry Press, 2017 Sufferance, Patrick Henry Press, 2017 The Skeen Chronicles, Patrick Henry Press, 2017 Reprisals, Patrick Henry Press, 2017 The Pendulum, Patrick Henry Press, 2017 School Days, Patrick Henry Press, 2018 The Gumshoe Guild, Patrick Henry Press 2018 (()) Serenity Patrick Henry Press 2018 (()) Chicago Serenade Patrick Henry Press 2018 (()) Collectables Patrick Henry Press 2018 (()) Flute Patrick Henry Press 2018 (()) A Final Canvas Patrick Henry Press 2019 ((((978-1790771110)))) Gallery Patrick Henry Press 2019 ((((978-1795164436)))) The Ghouls of Grammatical Egalitarianism Patrick Henry Press (((()))) References External links Edward Cline's articles at Capitalism Magazine "Interview with novelist, Ed Cline, author of Sparrowhawk Series", Egoist'', 2008 11 21 1946 births Living people American essayists American historical novelists Objectivists American atheists Novelists from Virginia People from York County, Virginia Writers from Pittsburgh American male novelists American male essayists Novelists from Pennsylvania Anti-Arabism in North America Anti-Pakistan sentiment
68860055	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chong%20Samran%20railway%20station	Chong Samran railway station	Chong Samran railway station is a railway station located in Wa Tabaek Subdistrict, Thep Sathit District, Chaiyaphum Province. It is a class 3 railway station located from Bangkok railway station. References Railway stations in Thailand Chaiyaphum province
66299605	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1939%20Southwestern%20Louisiana%20Bulldogs%20football%20team	1939 Southwestern Louisiana Bulldogs football team	The 1939 Southwestern Louisiana Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented the Southwestern Louisiana Institute of Liberal and Technical Learning (now known as the University of Louisiana at Lafayette) in the Louisiana Intercollegiate Conference during the 1939 college football season. In their third year under head coach Johnny Cain, the team compiled a 3–5–1 record. Schedule References Southwestern Louisiana Louisiana Ragin' Cajuns football seasons Southwestern Louisiana Bulldogs football
58878946	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1915%20Limerick%20Senior%20Hurling%20Championship	1915 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship	The 1915 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 23rd staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887. Claughaun were the defending champions. Claughaun won the championship after being granted a walkover by Fedamore in the final. It was their second championship title overall and their second championship title in succession. Results Final References Limerick Senior Hurling Championship Limerick Senior Hurling Championship

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