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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ealhmund%20of%20Winchester
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Ealhmund of Winchester
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Ealhmund was a medieval Bishop of Winchester. He was consecrated between 801 and 803. He died between 805 and 814.
Citations
References
External links
Bishops of Winchester
9th-century English bishops
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23666623
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harti%20%28Gadag%20district%29
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Harti (Gadag district)
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Harti is a very small town in Gadag district, Karnataka, India, with many ancient and modern Hindu temples.
Importance
Harti is well known for Shri Basaveshwara Temple and for its annual festival Jatra that is held on the last Monday of Shravana Masa. It is amazing to watch the procession of the Dhyamamma statue on this festival day.
There are ancient temples build in Chalukya regime such as the Parvati Parameshwara Temple * with stone carvings.
Harti has only half a dozen Muslim families and it has a tiny mosque for them. They celebrate Moharram on the last day of every year and most of the Hindus also participate in this Muslim festival, while the Muslims also participate in Hindu Festivals.
Transport
Gadag is the nearest railway station. The nearest Airport is at Hubli, the next international Airport is at Bangalore.
See also
Venkatapura, Gadag
Pethalur
Halligudi
Harti (Gadag district)
Gadag
Lakkundi
Dambal
Hombal
References
Villages in Gadag district
Western Chalukya Empire
Chalukya dynasty
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20877284
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20White%20Road
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The White Road
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The White Road is a fantasy novel by American writer Lynn Flewelling, the fifth novel in her Nightrunner series. Set in a fictional universe, the novel follows the adventures of a complex thief and his apprentice. It is preceded by Luck in the Shadows, Stalking Darkness, Traitor's Moon and Shadows Return. The White Road was released on May 25, 2010.
Plot
Having escaped death and slavery in Plenimar, Alec and Seregil want nothing more than to go back to their nightrunning life in Rhíminee. Instead they find themselves saddled with Sebrahn, a strange, alchemically created creature—the prophesied “child of no woman”. Its moon-white skin and frightening powers make Sebrahn a danger to all whom Alec and Seregil come into contact with, leaving them no choice but to learn more about Sebrahn’s true nature.
As Sebrahn will never be accepted in the Sarikali, Seregil and Alec travel over to the Bôkthersa clan to talk to a "dragon friend" for guidance. He presents them to his dragon, who immediately recognizes Sebrahn, and tells them that the Hâzadriëlfaie have dragon blood in their veins and that the alchemists hunt them to create a serum to prolong life. As a result, to their problem he counsels that they must destroy Yhakobin's books. At the same time, Ulan's people find Ilar and bring him over to Virrése. He coaxes the story from him and takes Ilar over to Riga to recover the books.
The Hâzadriëlfaie receive word of Sebrahn from the retha'noi and, realizing that Alec is still alive, send the Ebrados, a group of hunters, to retrieve him and Sebrahn, along with Tyrmari, a male witch, as a guide. They catch Alec, Seregil and Micum on Tamír's Road with the help of the local retha'noi and Seregil manages to strike a bargain with them. Their leader, Rieser goes with them over to Riga to get the books and Sebrahn remains as a hostage.
They take board Green Lady and Thero creates a pair of brands for each of them, while Seregil forges warrants of ownership for Micum. On the port they recognize Ulan's Virrése ship and guess that he has come on the same errand. Unfortunately, he gets ahead of them and steals the books from Yhakobin's house the morning before the planned theft. Seregil spots Ilar and makes Alec remain outside while he ventures in Ulan's Riga house. Ilar spots him and begs him to forgive him, despite Ulan order that he turn Seregil in on sight. Instead he allows himself to be tricked into revealing the hiding place of the books before Seregil knocks him out.
He meets Rieser, Micum and Alec and they all speed toward the port, hoping to elude the chase, which they do, for a while. When they find out they cannot burn the books, Seregil cuts them in two and each of them takes half. The soldiers find them again and they make a stand at a cottage near the shore. Seregil sneaks out and, after encountering captain Rhal, he returns to the cottage and they all break through, but Rieser catches an arrow in his collarbone.
Back in Skala, Hâzadriën heals him and he announces that he will leave Alec alone as he doesn't believe he'll let himself be caught once again. This is received with anger by the retha'noi who resolve to destroy Sebrahn, which they call an abomination. He calls upon the owls, who blind the retha'noi archers while Sebrahn himself kills the witches. In the aftermath, Alec understands that he has to give up Sebrahn as he cannot care for him and he seems to need the presence of the other tayan'gil. They return to Rhíminee, and resume their Watcher lives.
Characters
Seregil
Alec
Micum
Thero
Ulan
Ilar
Sebrahn
External links
Lynn Flewelling's Official website
Talk in the Shadows (Lynn Flewelling's livejournal)
2010 American novels
American fantasy novels
Nightrunner series
American LGBT novels
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1644876
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%20World%20Women%27s%20Curling%20Championship
|
2008 World Women's Curling Championship
|
The 2008 World Women's Curling Championship (branded as 2008 Ford World Women's Curling Championship for sponsorship reasons) was held from March 22 to March 30, 2008 at the Wesbild Centre in Vernon, British Columbia, Canada. This championship also served as one of the qualifiers for the 2010 Winter Olympics.
Teams
Round robin standings
Round robin results
Draw 1
March 22, 13:00
Draw 2
March 22, 18:00
Draw 3
March 23, 10:30
Draw 4
March 23, 16:00
Draw 5
March 23, 20:00
Draw 6
March 24, 8:30
{{ Curlingbox
| sheet = D
| team1 = (Munro)
| 2|0|1|1|0|0|1|0|2|0| |7
| team2 = (McCormick)'
| 0|1|0|0|3|1|0|2|0|2| |9
}}
Draw 7March 24, 1:00 PMDraw 8March 24, 18:30Draw 9March 25, 8:30Draw 10March 25 13:00Draw 11March 25, 18:00Draw 12March 26, 8:30 AMDraw 13March 26, 13:00Draw 14March 26, 18:00Draw 15March 27, 8:30Draw 16March 27, 13:00Draw 17March 27, 18:00''
Tiebreaker
Playoffs
3 vs. 4
1 vs. 2
Semifinal
Bronze medal game
Gold medal game
Player percentages
Top five percentages per position during the round robin.
Broadcasts
Seven broadcasters presented the games both live and tape-delayed via television and the internet. Eurosport (Europe), NHK (Japan), TSN and CBC (Canada), WCSN and NBCOlympics.com (USA) and CurlTV.com (internet).
See also
2008 Brier
2008 World Men's Curling Championship
2008 World Junior Curling Championships
2008 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship
2008 Scotties Tournament of Hearts
References
External links
Tournament coverage on TSN
Sport in Vernon, British Columbia
World Women's Curling Championship
2008 Women
Curling in British Columbia
2008 in British Columbia
March 2008 sports events in Canada
Women's curling competitions in Canada
2008 in women's curling
Sports competitions in British Columbia
International sports competitions hosted by Canada
2008 in Canadian women's sports
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21340642
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Math%20Horizons
|
Math Horizons
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Math Horizons is a magazine aimed at undergraduates interested in mathematics, published by the Mathematical Association of America. It publishes expository articles about "beautiful mathematics" as well as articles about the culture of mathematics covering mathematical people, institutions, humor, games, cartoons, and book reviews.
The MAA gives the Trevor Evans Awards annually to "authors of exceptional articles that are accessible to undergraduates" that are published in Math Horizons.
Notes
Further reading
External links
Math Horizons at JSTOR
Math Horizons at Taylor & Francis Online
Mathematics journals
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54344273
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepody%20Healing%20Centre
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Shepody Healing Centre
|
Shepody Healing Centre, established in 2001, is a multi-level security facility at Dorchester Penitentiary in Dorchester, New Brunswick, serving male offenders with serious mental health conditions. As one of five regional treatment centres operated by Correctional Service Canada (CSC), the Centre also provides inpatient and outpatient emergency and consultative services to other facilities in the Atlantic Region.
The Centre houses those who are deemed not criminally responsible. With a maximum capacity of 53, the Centre has 38 multi-level beds, along with 15 mental health transition beds at Dorchester Penitentiary.
Gregory Despres is among the Centre's more notable inmates.
References
External links
Correctional Service Canada: Shepody Healing Centre
Correctional Service of Canada institutions
Buildings and structures in Westmorland County, New Brunswick
2001 establishments in New Brunswick
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56720002
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marley%20Brown%20Oval
|
Marley Brown Oval
|
Marley Brown Oval is a playing field located in the suburb of Clinton in the regional Queensland city of Gladstone. The field was named in honour of local rugby league identity Marley Brown who had died a year before the venue opened, with the first rugby league game played at Marley Brown Oval in 1976.
The Gladstone Leagues Club located at the ground opened in 1988, and a 1000-seat grandstand was constructed in 1995.
In 2017, it was announced Marley Brown Oval would benefit from state government funding, as part of the Works 4 Queensland program. The funding will be used to expand the amenities, make it more inclusive for female rugby league players and upgrade the venue to an NRL standard.
Marley Brown Oval was chosen to host its first NRL game in April 2018. The decision to host an NRL game in Gladstone came about due to the Gold Coast Titans needing to temporarily relocate their home games, including the Round 5 match against the Manly Warringah Sea Eagles, due to the 2018 Commonwealth Games being held on the Gold Coast.
Queensland Country hosted at Marley Brown Oval for the National Rugby Championship annual City-Country match in September 2019.
References
External links
Marley Brown Oval at Austadiums
Sports venues in Queensland
Gladstone, Queensland
Rugby league stadiums in Australia
Buildings and structures in Central Queensland
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6569922
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieve%20di%20Teco
|
Pieve di Teco
|
Pieve di Teco () is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Imperia in the Italian region Liguria, located about southwest of Genoa and about northwest of Imperia.
Pieve di Teco borders the following municipalities: Armo, Aurigo, Borghetto d'Arroscia, Borgomaro, Caprauna, Caravonica, Cesio, Pornassio, Rezzo, and Vessalico.
Twin towns — sister cities
Pieve di Teco is twinned with:
Bagnols-en-Forêt, France, since 1990
People
Mario Magnotta (1942-2009)
References
External links
Official website
Cities and towns in Liguria
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48775833
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carey%20Smith
|
Carey Smith
|
Carey Smith (born 16 October 1960) is an Australian former cricketer. He played one first-class cricket match for Victoria in 1985.
See also
List of Victoria first-class cricketers
References
External links
1960 births
Living people
Australian cricketers
Victoria cricketers
Cricketers from Melbourne
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4871800
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle%20College%20High%20School%20%28Santa%20Ana%29
|
Middle College High School (Santa Ana)
|
Middle College High School @ Santa Ana College (Commonly referred to as Middle College or MCHS) is located on the campus of Santa Ana College, in Santa Ana, California. The school serves an average of 300 students consisting of 80-90 pupils in each grade level. High school classes average around 20-30 students, including grade levels 9 through 12. The school's mascot is the wizard. The school's colors are Purple and Silver
Background
MCHS allows high school students to take high school classes and college courses at the same time, also known as Dual Enrollment. It was only in the year 2003 that they had ninth graders participating in the program as part of the transition to the Early College model conceptualized by the Middle College National Consortium.
Most students have the opportunity to earn credit and to complete from a year to even an AA Degree or an Honors AA Degree worth of college classes. Most students take 3 to 11 college units a semester. Students have educational plans that structure their learning so that they can complete their AA requirements at Santa Ana College, while completing their high school course work.
College courses are free to all MCHS students because educational partners such as the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation offer grants to pay for the students' college tuition and textbooks. MCHS has a high school academic counselor and a full-time SAC academic counselor who help students plan their courses. The school is staff by 13 teachers who are responsible for teaching the core curricula and many electives; the students spend their day taking both college and high school classes along with participating in many extra-curricular activities
Athletics
Middle College High School has sports such as volleyball, soccer, football and basketball. Middle college also offers college sports in which students must be 18 years or older to participate. Most universities only check the high school and college grades for the student's sophomore and junior year. In order to take college courses while at MCHS, student's parents have to sign the CAPP form, a permission slip, saying that the parents agree to let the student take the course that was assigned.
Students take college PE classes to fulfill their physical education classes. Such classes include yoga, dance (from ballet to hip hop), circuit training, track, swimming, aerobics, soccer, etc.
Achievements
Although the school is still growing, it has many achievements that are noteworthy: Honorable Mention as a CA Distinguished High School; growth in its API score; and a 100% pass rate on the CAHSEE for the last 7 consecutive years. Most recently, U.S. News & World Report ranks Middle College High among the 'Best High Schools' in the Nation. In 2008, based on its API score, Middle College High School was ranked the 5th best High School in Orange County, California. In 2009 and 2015 MCHS was awarded A Blue Ribbon Award and was named A California Distinguished School. In 2010, MCHS's score on the Star Tests was 890 and their goal on (2011) was to reach 900. On October 11, 2012, the current principal announced their Star Test score to be 906, making MCHS one of the only 10 schools in Orange County, CA to receive a score greater than 900. In 2016, MCHS was awarded A Blue Ribbon Award and was named A California Distinguished School once again.
Clubs
MCHS currently hosts the following clubs:Eco, Basketball Club, One Note Club, Robotics, Book Club, Film Club, M.A.G.E Club, Yearbook, The Spellbinder, Cheer Club, M.A.D. Club, Latin Dance Club, Dance Club, H.E.A.L. Club, Community Service Club, Art Club, Drama Club, Ladies First Club, M.E.T.A. Club, Esports Club, Soccer Club, Volleyball Club, Medical Club, and Stand Up 2 Cancer
References
External links
Middle College High School Website
Middle College Foundation
University-affiliated schools in the United States
High schools in Santa Ana, California
Public high schools in California
Educational institutions established in 1996
1996 establishments in California
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44731755
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20P.%20Lilly
|
Edward P. Lilly
|
Edward Paul Lilly (October 13, 1910 – December 1, 1994) was an American historian, author, educator, and government worker who specialized in the history of political and psychological warfare in the twentieth century.
Life and career
Lilly was born on October 13, 1910 in Brooklyn, New York. He attended the College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts, where he received an A.B. in philosophy in 1932. He then attended Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C., where he received his M.A. in history in 1933 and his Ph.D. in the same discipline in 1936. His doctoral dissertation, "The Colonial Agents of New York and New Jersey," was an expansion of his master's thesis and published as a book by the Catholic University of America Press a year later. His dissertation was supervised by Dr. Leo F. Stock of the Carnegie Institution, who also taught for many years at Catholic University.
Lilly began his teaching career as an instructor at Loyola University Chicago from 1936 to 1939, followed by post-doctoral research at Yale University, and then a Penfield Fellowship from Catholic University which enabled him to continue his research in Great Britain. Further research abroad was interrupted by the outbreak of World War II, so he returned to Yale and received a Sterling Fellowship. He joined Catholic University's history department in 1940 as an assistant professor, where he was the advisor for numerous master's theses during the 1940s. During the war, a department of the Army Specialized Training Program was set up at Catholic University, and Lilly became its director.
Although technically still a faculty member, Lilly moved into government service in 1944 when he took a leave of absence from Catholic University to become a special assistant to Elmer Davis, the Director of the Office of War Information, serving as OWI's historian. In 1946, he transferred to the staff of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, where he served as a special consultant on psychological warfare. He continued to teach part-time at Catholic University from 1946 to 1952, but also lectured on psychological warfare at Georgetown University, the Army War College, the Naval Intelligence School, and at NATO headquarters in Norfolk, Virginia. During this time, Lilly wrote two unpublished (and classified) studies on American psychological warfare that were used for background briefings.
Lilly officially left Catholic University and joined the staff of the U.S. National Security Council in 1952, where he worked at first as a planning officer for the Psychological Strategy Board from 1952 to 1953, and then deputy executive assistant in the Operations Coordinating Board from 1953 to 1961, then remaining on the NSC staff until 1965. One of his duties on the OCB was overseeing the U.S. Ideological Program, where books were selected for Information Centers and translation programs based on whether they would serve ideological purposes.
After leaving government work in 1965, Lilly joined the faculty at St. John's University, where he was an associate professor of history from 1966 to 1969. He then moved back to Washington and joined the faculty of the Washington Technical Institute in 1970. (The school became part of the University of the District of Columbia in 1976.) While there, Lilly helped to organize a local chapter of the American Federation of Teachers and became its president. He retired in 1977.
Lilly married Nancy M. Jones in 1936, and they had ten children. He fought to help preserve Bethany Beach, Delaware, where he owned a cottage, from exploitation by unscrupulous developers. Lilly suffered from Alzheimer's disease in his later years. Lilly's papers were donated by his family to the Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Museum and Boyhood Home in Abilene, Kansas.
Scholarship
Lilly's career as a historian of colonial America was permanently interrupted by his government work and interest in psychological warfare. He published one article ("A Major Problem for Catholic American Historians") in the Catholic Historical Review (Jan. 1939), and ten book reviews in the Catholic Historical Review and the Mississippi Valley Historical Review, all of which were in the first decade of his academic career, prior to beginning his government work. While working for the Office of War Information, he proposed to Director Elmer Davis that a history of OWI be prepared - and Lilly wrote 800 pages of a draft history of the agency before the OWI (along with many other wartime agencies) was terminated in late 1945. During his time at the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Lilly wrote a 1,400 page study of United States psychological warfare during World War II. He later attempted at various times without success to publish it in unclassified form. In December 1951, Lilly also wrote "The Development of American Psychological Operations 1945–1951," which has since been unclassified. Lilly contributed a chapter, "The Psychological Strategy Board and its Predecessors: Foreign Policy Coordination 1938–1953," in Gaetano L. Vincitorio (ed.), Studies in Modern History (St. John's University Press, 1968), 337-382. He was an active member of the American Historical Association and the American Catholic Historical Association.
Bibliography
Directory of American Scholars, 6th ed. (Bowker, 1974), Vol. I, p. 378.
"Guide to the Edward P. Lilly Papers, 1928–1992," Dwight D. Eisenhower Library, Abilene, Kansas.
Johnson, Neil M. "Oral History Interview with Edward D. Lilly" (sic.), Harry S. Truman Library & Museum, September 20, 1988.
Langley, Harold D. "Edward P. Lilly." Perspectives, Vol. 33 (Nov. 1995): 30-31.
Lilly, Edward P. "The Development of American Psychological Operations 1945–1951." Report prepared for the Psychological Strategy Board, Washington, DC, 1951.
Manning, Martin J. "Lilly, Edward Paul." In Historical Dictionary of American Propaganda, by Martin J. Manning (Greenwood Press, 2004), 172.
References
1910 births
1994 deaths
Catholic University of America faculty
St. John's University (New York City) faculty
20th-century American historians
American male non-fiction writers
Psychological warfare
Joint Chiefs of Staff
Cold War propaganda
United States National Security Council staffers
Writers from Brooklyn
People from Bethany Beach, Delaware
Catholics from Delaware
Catholics from New York (state)
Historians from New York (state)
Catholic University of America alumni
People of the United States Office of War Information
20th-century American male writers
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419777
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Cumae
|
Battle of Cumae
|
The Battle of Cumae is the name given to at least two battles between Cumae and the Etruscans:
In 524 BC an invading army of Umbrians, Daunians, Etruscans, and others were defeated by the Greeks of Cumae.
The naval battle in 474 BC was between the combined navies of Syracuse and Cumae against the Etruscans.
The Greek-colonised city of Cumae in southern Italy was founded in 8th century BC in an area towards the southern Etruscan border.
By 504 the southern Etruscans were defeated by the Cumaeans, but they still maintained a powerful force. In 474 they were able to raise a fleet to launch a direct attack on Cumae.
In the naval battle, after he was called on for military assistance, Hiero I of Syracuse allied with naval forces from the maritime Greek cities of southern Italy to defend against Etruscan expansion into southern Italy. In 474, they met and defeated the Etruscan fleet at Cumae in the Bay of Naples. After their defeat, the Etruscans lost much of their political influence in Italy. They lost control of the sea and their territories were eventually taken over by the Romans, Samnites, and Gauls. The Syracusans dedicated a captured Etruscan helmet at the great panhellenic sanctuary at Olympia, a piece of armour found in the German excavations there. The Etruscans would later join the failed Athenian expedition against Syracuse in 415 BC, which contributed even further to their decline.
The battle was later honored in Pindar's first Pythian Ode.
References
470s BC conflicts
Cumae
Cumae
Cumae
474 BC
Cumae (ancient city)
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35575648
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming%20at%20the%201998%20Central%20American%20and%20Caribbean%20Games
|
Swimming at the 1998 Central American and Caribbean Games
|
The Swimming competition at the 18th Central American and Caribbean Games was swum August 9–15, 1998 in Maracaibo, Venezuela. It featured events in a long course (50m) pool.
Results
Men
Women
Medal standings
References
The Oldest Regional Games: Central American & Caribbean Sports Games, by Enrique Montesinos. Published by CACSO in 2009; retrieved 2012–04.
Swimming at the Central American and Caribbean Games
1998 in swimming
1998 Central American and Caribbean Games
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14342539
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cy%20Gray
|
Cy Gray
|
Flying Officer Roderick Borden Gray, GC (2 October 191727 August 1944), known as Cy Gray, of the Royal Canadian Air Force was posthumously awarded the George Cross for his self-sacrifice in putting the lives of his comrades ahead of his own.
F/O Gray was attached to RAF 172 Squadron flying Vickers Wellington bombers on anti submarine patrols. On the night of 26/27 August 1944 his Wellington bomber attacked the Type IXC/40 U-534 in the Bay of Biscay. Anti aircraft return fire from the U boat brought the Wellington down into the sea. The surviving four members of the Wellington crew had only a single man dinghy between them, he helped two wounded crewmen into a dinghy but refused to climb aboard it himself, fearing it would capsize and imperil them all. Despite his own severe injuries he clung to the side of the dinghy instead, losing consciousness after several hours in the frigid water and drowning. His colleagues were eventually rescued by a Sunderland flying boat of 10 Squadron RAAF after 15 hours in the water and their account prompted the award. He was originally nominated for the Albert Medal. Notice of his award appeared in the London Gazette on March 13, 1945.
The 155 Royal Canadian Air Cadet Squadron is named in his honour.
References
External links
CWGC: Roderick Borden Gray
1917 births
1944 deaths
Canadian recipients of the George Cross
Royal Canadian Air Force personnel of World War II
People from Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario
Royal Canadian Air Force officers
Canadian military personnel killed in World War II
Canadian military personnel from Ontario
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5685498
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rukhaniyat%20Party
|
Rukhaniyat Party
|
The Rukhaniyat Party was a political party in Kazakhstan.
At the legislative elections, 19 September and 3 October 2004, the party won 0.4% of the popular vote and no seats. In the 18 August 2007 Assembly elections, the party won again 0.4% of the popular vote and no seats.
The party was founded in 1995 by Altynshash Zhaganova.
The name Rukhaniyat means spirituality, from the root Rukh. See the discussion of the etymology of the word spirit for a brief discussion of the Arabic origins of this word.
References
Defunct political parties in Kazakhstan
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62461367
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luiz%20Daniel
|
Luiz Daniel
|
Luiz Daniel (born 29 September 1936) is a Brazilian water polo player. He competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics and the 1964 Summer Olympics. Daniel was also a member of Brazil's bronze medal winning team at the 1959 Pan American Games and the gold medal winning team at the 1963 Pan American Games.
See also
Brazil men's Olympic water polo team records and statistics
List of men's Olympic water polo tournament goalkeepers
References
External links
1936 births
Living people
Brazilian male water polo players
Water polo goalkeepers
Olympic water polo players of Brazil
Water polo players at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Water polo players at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Pan American Games gold medalists for Brazil
Pan American Games bronze medalists for Brazil
Pan American Games medalists in water polo
Water polo players from São Paulo
Competitors at the 1959 Pan American Games
Water polo players at the 1963 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 1959 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 1963 Pan American Games
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60277297
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaifetz
|
Chaifetz
|
Chaifetz is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Jill Chaifetz (1964–2006), American lawyer and children's rights advocate
Richard Chaifetz (born 1953), American billionaire businessman, investor, licensed neuropsychologist, and philanthropist
See also
Chaffetz
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24163561
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inspiration%20%28car%29
|
Inspiration (car)
|
Inspiration is a British-designed and -built steam-propelled car designed by Glynne Bowsher and developed by the British Steam Car Challenge team.
Inspiration holds the World Land Speed Record for a steam-powered vehicle on 25 August 2009, driven by Charles Burnett III with an average speed of over two consecutive runs over a measured mile. This broke the oldest standing land speed record set in 1906 by Fred Marriott in the Stanley Steamer. On 26 August 2009 the car, driven by Don Wales, broke a second record by achieving an average speed of over two consecutive runs over a measured kilometre.
The runs were made at Edwards Air Force Base in California, United States. The car is 7.6 m long, 1.7 m wide and weighs 3 tons. It is powered by a two-stage turbine driven by superheated steam from 12 boilers containing distilled water. The boilers are heated by burners which burn Liquid Petroleum Gas to produce 3 Megawatts (10.2 million BTU/hr) of heat. The steam produced is at a temperature of 400 °C (752 F) and a pressure of 4000 kN/m2 . The engine is capable of developing and consumes around 40 litres (8.8 Impgal) of water per minute).
The car has been retired to the National Motor Museum Trust at Beaulieu, England.
Notes
External links
Official website of the BSCC
BBC News item with video footage
Wheel-driven land speed record cars
Steam cars
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24763741
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vampirococcus
|
Vampirococcus
|
Vampirococcus is an informally described genus of ovoid Gram-negative bacteria, but the exact phylogeny remains to be determined. This predatory prokaryote was first described in 1983 by Esteve et al. as small, anaerobic microbe about 0.6 μm wide before being given the name of Vampirococcus in 1986 by Guerrero et al. This prokaryote is a freshwater obligate predator that preys specifically on various species of the photosynthetic purple sulfur bacterium, Chromatium. As an epibiont, Vampirococcus attaches to the cell surface of their prey and "sucks" out the cytoplasm using a specialized cytoplasmic bridge. They are commonly mentioned as an example of epibionts when discussing strategies employed by bacterial predators. This microbe still has yet to be classified based on genomic sequencing or 16S rRNA because it cannot be sustained long enough outside its natural environment to isolate a pure culture.
Characterization
Vampirococcus is a predatory prokaryotic genus that lives in anaerobic, aquatic conditions. This bacterium is distinguished from other predatory prokaryotes because it feeds upon its prey using epibiosis (also see epibiont). Vampirococcus cells are small and ovoid, being only 0.6μm wide. This small size is characteristic of prokaryotes - as they are smaller than eukaryotic cells - and is beneficial for predatory species, as discussed in the Prey and Predation section below. In addition, Vampirococcus specifically preys upon various species within the bacterial genus, Chromatium, a freshwater purple sulfur bacteria. Because Chromatium is a primary producer as a phototroph, it has been suggested that Vampirococcus could be considered a primary consumer as a predator of photosynthetic bacteria.
There is some disagreement in the scientific community regarding Vampirococcus's motility. Many papers have stated that this specific predatory prokaryote does not have cilia or flagella, rendering the prokaryote immotile. However, recent scientific papers have begun to describe Vampirococcus specifically with a single polar flagellum that allows it to interact with potential prey in its environment. Other recent articles have referred to Vampirococcus as part of a group of similar organisms known as BALOs (Bdellovibrio And Like Organisms) which are known to be very motile predatory microbes. It is difficult to find recent research specifically about Vampirococcus that elaborates on this topic, so the motility of this organism should be addressed with caution until further research clarifies the matter.
Genomics and phylogeny
As of now, the genome of Vampirococcus has not been sequenced, and the phylogeny and taxonomy of the microbe have not been determined. Despite this fact, Vampirococcus has now been included in a group of microbes known as BALOs, or Bdellovibrio And Like Organisms. These organisms are Gram-negative, obligate predators that exhibit either epibiotic predation or intracellular periplasmic predation. Although these microbes are similar in function, grouping them together does not indicate any close phylogenetic or evolutionary relationships. Only a small portion of the microbes included in BALO have been genetically sequenced. Because Vampirococcus is difficult to culture and sustain in a laboratory outside of its natural environment. Without a pure, isolated culture of this organism, more information regarding its genome, genes, evolutionary relationships with other microbes, cellular functions, and behavior cannot be attained.
Habitat
Currently, Vampirococcus has only been found in two freshwater lakes in northeastern Spain: Lake Estanya and Lake Cisó. These lakes were formed in karst areas where rocks underground have been dissolved by groundwater. High concentrations of calcium sulfate and hydrogen sulfide make the lakes anoxic, providing an anaerobic environment to sustain both Vampirococcus and its prey, Chromatium. Cell concentrations of Vampirococcus are highest during the fall months and are indirectly proportional to the cell concentrations of Chromatium, an indication of Vampirococcus's predation.
Prey and predation
Predatory microbes attack and feed off of prey through extracellular or intracellular methods. Since predatory prokaryotes are smaller than their prey, they cannot engulf, or phagocytize, the larger bacteria. This difference in ability and size may have led to the evolution of different predation methods. Vampirococcus utilizes epibiotic predation to feed on specifically on various species of Chromatium. Epibiosis is an extracellular method of predation and requires cell to cell contact between predator and prey. This is the only way in which this predatory acquires nutrients to grow. The steps of Vampirococcus's predation are as follows:
When the predator cell finds its prey – through chemotaxis or quorum sensing – it attaches to the prey's cell membrane via a cytoplasmic bridge structure. At first, this attachment is reversible but soon becomes permanent.
Vampirococcus then secretes hydrolytic enzymes into the Chromatium bacterium to digest and degrade the cytoplasm.
The nutrients are directly transported into the predator cell. According to observations, Vampirococcus appears to "suck" out the contents like a vampire.
Once the prokaryote has used all the prey's nutrients and reproduced, Vampirococcus leaves the Chromatium cell dead. All that remains of the prey are the cell membrane and a few intercellular components.
As stated previously, Vampirococcus solely preys upon species of Chromatium, a phototrophic purple sulfur bacterium that lives in freshwater. As a bacterium, Chromatium is much larger than Vampirococcus. The benefit of preying on larger microbes is the sheer abundance of nutrients and resources from one individual. In 1986, Guerrero et al. observed that a single Chromatium could sustain up to six Vampirococcus simultaneously. In contrast, predators larger than their prey must phagocytize multiple microbes in order to receive sufficient nutrition.
Reproduction
Vampirococcus can exist freely in its aquatic environment without being attached to another microbe. However, this prokaryote only reproduces when it is attached to a prey bacterium which makes it an obligate predator. Reproduction occurs via binary fission to produce two daughter cells. Vampirococcus does not use Chromatium's cellular machinery to reproduce like a virus. It only uses the bacterium as a source of nutrition, and attachment is merely a requirement for reproduction.
Future research
Research was being conducted in 2005 to evaluate whether or not predatory prokaryotes can be used in other ways to degrade biofilms and cancerous tumor cells. It has been suggested that if predatory microbes attack and kill a certain type of microbe, then they may exhibit the same behavior toward a cell with characteristics similar to their normal prey. Certain BALOs are already being considered for these specific tasks, particularly Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus. Once Vampirococcus is more thoroughly researched and understood, it too could potentially be used to treat cancer or biofilms.
See also
Myxococcus xanthus
Bdellovibrio
References
Gram-negative bacteria
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2072934
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QDA
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QDA
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QDA may refer to:
Qualitative Data Analysis as used in qualitative research
The .QDA extension is used for Quadruple D archives
Quadratic discriminant analysis as used in statistical classification or as a quadratic classifier in machine learning
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43983548
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%20Rouet%20d%27Omphale
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Le Rouet d'Omphale
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Le Rouet d'Omphale (The Spinning Wheel of Omphale or Omphale's Spinning Wheel), Op. 31, is a symphonic poem for orchestra, composed by Camille Saint-Saëns in 1871. It is one of the most famous of the four symphonic poems in a mythological series by Saint-Saëns. The other three in the series are Danse macabre, Phaëton, and La jeunesse d'Hercule.
The middle section of Le Rouet d'Omphale was used as the theme music to the radio drama, The Shadow.
Analysis
Apollo condemns Hercules to serve Omphale while disguised as a woman; for 3 years he slaves (while wearing woman's dress) spinning wool for her on a spinning wheel.
References
External links
Compositions by Camille Saint-Saëns
Symphonic poems
Music based on European myths and legends
Compositions for symphony orchestra
1871 compositions
The Shadow
Heracles
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27952217
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First%20National%20Bank%20of%20Charleroi
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First National Bank of Charleroi
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First National Bank of Charleroi is a historic building in Charleroi, Pennsylvania. The building was completed in 1922, served a series of banks, and is now home to Ductmate Industries. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 7, 2007.
History
The First National Bank of Charleroi was constructed out of the former Wilbur Hotel from 1919 to 1922 and was designed by the New York City-architect William Lee Stoddart.
The First National Bank of Charleroi was acquired by the First National of Bank and Trust Company of Washington, Pennsylvania in the 1970s, which was acquired by Gallatin Bank of Fayette County in 1980 A couple years later, Gallatin was acquired by Integra Bank of Pittsburgh. The building was closed in 1997 after Integra was bought out by National City Bank in Cleveland, Ohio. In 2002, the building was bought by Ductmate Industries in 2002 and was rehabilitated to serve as their headquarters.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington County, Pennsylvania
References
External links
Bank buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
Commercial buildings completed in 1922
Neoclassical architecture in Pennsylvania
Buildings and structures in Washington County, Pennsylvania
William Lee Stoddart buildings
National Register of Historic Places in Washington County, Pennsylvania
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65701899
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senator%20Prentice
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Senator Prentice
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Senator Prentice may refer to:
Judson Prentice (1810–1886), Wisconsin State Senate
Margarita Prentice (born 1931), Washington State Senate
See also
C. J. Prentiss (fl. 1980s–2000s), Ohio State Senate
Samuel Prentiss (1782–1857), U.S. Senator from Vermont from 1831 to 1842
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4668627
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Documentary%20channel
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Documentary channel
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A documentary channel is a specialty channel which focuses on broadcasting documentaries. Some documentary channels further specialize by dedicating their television programming to specific types of documentaries or documentaries in a specific area of knowledge. Documentary and The History Channel are examples of this. There is some overlap between news channels and documentary channels, but while a documentary channel may also broadcast programs about current affairs, it will, as a rule, air longer, more in-depth segments and not present up-to-the-minute news coverage. Also, many other TV channels regularly air documentaries, but unless a channel is significantly dedicated to documentary-type programming, it probably will not be considered a documentary channel. As of 2006, some of the most famous documentary channels are the Discovery Channel and the National Geographic Channel.
See also
List of documentary television channels
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18969093
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosnowiec%2C%20Piotrk%C3%B3w%20County
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Sosnowiec, Piotrków County
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Sosnowiec () is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Gorzkowice, within Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland.
Also Refer
The Sielecki Castle was built in the 17th century and it is the oldest building in the city.
References
Villages in Piotrków County
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3104409
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streak-backed%20oriole
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Streak-backed oriole
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The streak-backed oriole (Icterus pustulatus) is a medium-sized species of passerine bird from the icterid family (the same family as many blackbirds, meadowlarks, cowbirds, grackles, and others, including the New World orioles). It is native to Central America and Mexico and is an occasional visitor to the United States.
Distribution and habitat
It is native to Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico and an occasional visitor to the Southwestern United States.
Its natural habitat consists of woodland, savanna, grassland and shrubland. It prefers open arid woodland, typically with a strong presence of mimosa.
Subspecies
The following subspecies are currently recognized:
Icterus pustulatus alticola W. Miller & Griscom, 1925
Icterus pustulatus dickermani A. R. Phillips, 1995
Icterus pustulatus graysonii Cassin, 1867
Icterus pustulatus interior A. R. Phillips, 1995
Icterus pustulatus maximus Griscom, 1930
Icterus pustulatus microstictus Griscom, 1934
Icterus pustulatus pustulatus (Wagler, 1829)
Icterus pustulatus pustuloides Van Rossem, 1927
Icterus pustulatus sclateri Cassin, 1867
Icterus pustulatus yaegeri A. R. Phillips, 1995
References
External links
Streak-backed oriole videos - Internet Bird Collection
streak-backed oriole
streak-backed oriole
Birds of Mexico
Birds of Central America
Birds of Guatemala
Birds of El Salvador
Birds of Honduras
Birds of Nicaragua
Birds of Costa Rica
streak-backed oriole
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3457372
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garhwal%20District
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Garhwal District
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Garhwal District is a former district in Kumaon of British India of the United Provinces, and had an area of . It later became a part of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, today it is part of the Indian state Uttarakhand.
History
The first dynasty that ruled over Uttarakhand was Katyuri. It marked various milestones in the area of inscriptions and temples. After the downfall of Katyuris the whole of Garhwal region was broken up into more than sixty four principalities which were ruled by a chieftain. Originally Garhwal had 52 (fortresses). These were small and had their own chiefs who were responsible for the welfare of the fort. The Garhwal Kingdom was found by one of the chief named Ajay Pal, who reduced the petty forts and brought them under his own chieftainship. He and his ancestors ruled over Garhwal and Tehri till 1803. During their rule they encountered various attacks from "Mughals", "Sikhs", "Rohillas" and "Gorkhas". The Garhwalis started associating the term "Gorkhyani" with massacre. Despite the efforts of the Garhwalis the Gorkhas managed to capture till Langoorgarh but had to retreat due to an attack by the Chinese army. In 1803 the Gurkhas invaded Kumaon and Garhwal yet again and drove the Garhwal chief away. For the next 12 years the Gurkhas ruled over Garhwal. In 1814 they got into a war with the British for encroaching on their territory. Garhwal and Kumaon then became a British district. Garhwal had an area of 5629 sq. mil and was under the Kumaon division. After independence garhwal, Almora and Nainital were administered by the commissioner of Kumaon division. In 1960 Chamoli was removed out of the Garhwal region. In 1969 Garhwal division was established and Pauri was made its headquarters.
People
The people of Garhwal are known as Garhwalis. Very often they are called Pahari, meaning People from the mountains. Almost 99% of the Garhwalis are Hindus. Today they have migrated from the mountains to all over the world. People of almost all ethnicities can be found in the Garhwal region. Following are some of them:
Rajputs:: The Rajputs has been derived from the Sanskrit tatpurusha " Rajaputra" meaning "son of the King". They belong to the Indian Subcontinent and are also found in the northern region of Garhwal. They are believed to be of Aryan origin. The Rajputs came from the Hindu Kush through Kashmir and settled in parts of Himachal Pradesh and some areas of the South. They later migrated from there to Garhwal. Later they fled from the plains to the mountains when the Mughals invaded Rajasthan. They settled in the mountains and brought new skills and techniques along with them and practiced agriculture for a lot of time. Later they started joining other professions also. The Rajputs have also been a part of the Garhwal army. Today Garhwali Rajputs can be found all over the world.
Brahmins: The Brahmins settled in the Garhwal region are considered to be the descendants of the priests who migrated from the plains and settled in Garhwal. The Garhwali Brahmins are also believed to have fled from various regions to flee from the Mughal invasion. They penetrated through valleys into Garhwal and found many areas named similarly to those from where they had migrated.
Tribals: The Tribals of Garhwal are of Mongoloid origin and have settled in the upper tracts of Garhwal. They lead a nomadic or semi nomadic way of life and are involved in occupations like animal husbandry, trade etc. Following are some of the tribes of Garhwal: A. Jaunsaris of Jaunsar-Bawar
References
Districts of British India
Historical Indian regions
History of Uttarakhand
Pauri Garhwal district
Tehri Garhwal district
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5981979
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang%20Ti
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Zhang Ti
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Zhang Ti (236–280), courtesy name Juxian, was an official of the state of Eastern Wu during the late Three Kingdoms period (220–280) of China. He was the last Imperial Chancellor of Wu. In 280, when the Jin dynasty invaded Wu as part of its strategy to reunify China under Jin rule, Zhang Ti led the Wu forces into battle to resist the Jin invasion. He was killed in action during a battle around present-day He and Dangtu counties in Anhui. In the same year, the Wu emperor Sun Hao surrendered to the Jin dynasty, thus bringing an end to the existence of Wu and the Three Kingdoms period.
See also
Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms
References
Chen, Shou (3rd century). Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi).
Pei, Songzhi (5th century). Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi zhu).
Sima, Guang (1084). Zizhi Tongjian.
236 births
280 deaths
Eastern Wu politicians
Chinese chancellors
Politicians from Xiangyang
Eastern Wu generals
Generals from Hubei
Three Kingdoms people killed in battle
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24383961
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven%20Hayne
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Steven Hayne
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Steven Timothy Hayne (born 1942) is a pathologist from the US state of Mississippi who attracted significant controversy surrounding his medical practices and testimony in criminal trials, most notably those of Cory Maye, Jimmie Duncan, and Tyler Edmonds.
Biography
Hayne was born in Los Angeles, California. It is unknown when he adopted the use of the last name Hayne. He graduated from Oakland Technical High School in 1959 and from Brown Medical School in 1974. He interned until 1976 at Letterman Army Medical Center in San Francisco, California. After finishing his internship, he practiced medicine in California, Kentucky, and Alabama, before settling in Mississippi in 1987.
Practice in Mississippi
Until 2008, Hayne performed about 80 to 90 percent of criminal autopsies in Mississippi, even though he was never certified to do so. He testified to performing more than 1,500 autopsies per year, seven times the recommendation and considered a "Phase II deficiency" by the National Association of Medical Examiners, preventing the office from gaining accreditation. While performing these autopsies, Hayne also regularly appeared in court to testify as a forensic expert, and held down two hospital jobs. In August 2008 he was terminated from his medical examiner position and was barred from performing procedures for Mississippi. The Innocence Project was responsible for identifying Hayne's misconduct and his use of state laboratories for flawed and botched autopsies.
Cory Maye case
Hayne was the medical examiner in the Cory Maye case and testified at the trial for the murder of Ron Jones. In this testimony, "Hayne said he could tell from the damage to Jones’ body the trajectory the bullet took as it entered the officer. Based on that trajectory, he speculated that Maye was standing when he shot Jones, not lying on the floor, as Maye testified. Hayne’s testimony seriously damaged Maye’s credibility with the jury. However, according to a post-trial review by an actual, board-certified forensics expert whom Maye’s new legal team hired, it would be impossible to project the bullet’s trajectory based on the tissue damage in Jones’ corpse, because Jones might have been crouching, rolling, or prone when he was hit."
Jimmie Duncan case
Jimmie Duncan was convicted for the 1993 murder of Haley Oliveaux of West Monroe, Louisiana based primarily on the testimony of Hayne and Michael West, a dentist who claimed to identify bite marks and at the time coroner of Forrest County, Mississippi. Duncan had admitted to leaving Oliveaux in a bathtub unattended, and was initially charged with negligent homicide. Hayne examined Oliveaux and claimed to have found bite marks on her face that had not been seen by any of the other medical professionals who had previously examined her body, such as EMTs and hospital personnel. After this, a mold was taken of Duncan's teeth for use in bite mark analysis by Michael West. In performing this analysis, West repeatedly pressed the mold into the cheek of Oliveaux' corpse, creating bite marks which had not previously existed. This was recorded on videotape which surfaced in 2008. Michael Bowers, deputy medical examiner for Ventura County, California commented with regard to the bite marks that "Dr. West created them. It was intentional. He's creating artificial abrasions in that video, and he's tampering with the evidence. It's criminal, regardless of what excuse he may come up with about his methods."
Tyler Edmonds case
At 2004 the trial for the murder of Joey Fulgham (committed by his wife), in which his 13-year-old brother-in-law Tyler Edmonds was also tried and convicted, Hayne claimed to be able to determine from the bullet wounds received by Fulgham that Edmonds had also been holding the gun at the time the trigger was pulled. On appeal to the Mississippi Supreme Court this testimony was called "speculative" and "scientifically unfounded" by the court. Upon retrial in 2008, absent Hayne's testimony, Edmonds was acquitted.
Hayne's involvement in the wrongful convictions of Levon Brooks and Kennedy Brewer was documented in the book “The Cadaver King and the Country Dentist.”
References
Living people
American forensic pathologists
Place of birth missing (living people)
Alpert Medical School alumni
1942 births
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28938705
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mijovce
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Mijovce
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Mijovce is a village in the municipality of Vranje, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 67 people.
References
Populated places in Pčinja District
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46226396
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My%20Fairy%20Tales
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My Fairy Tales
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My Fairy Tales is the fifth album by singer Nneka, released on March 2, 2015. It was her first independent release on her own label Bushqueen Music. According to Nneka, the release is "a project as opposed to a whole album". Musically there are "reggae influences as well as Afrobeats and hi-life. Lyrically, it's conscious, it's empowering and it's motivating; discussing political issues, as well as issues that affect us on a day-to-day basis".
Track listing
Charts
References
2015 albums
Nneka (singer) albums
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36066592
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCmer%2C%20Mardin
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Sümer, Mardin
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Sümer is a town in Dargeçit district of Mardin Province, Turkey. Situated at it is west of Dargeçit. Distance to Mardin (prevencial center) is . The population of Sümer is 2364 as of 2011. Sümer was founded during Abbasid rule (9th century). In 1994 it was declared a seat of township. Major economic activity is agriculture and animal breeding. But the only notable crop is grapes.
References
Populated places in Mardin Province
Towns in Turkey
Dargeçit District
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22125302
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple%20Lot%20Case
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Temple Lot Case
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The Temple Lot Case (also known as the Temple Lot Suit and formally known as The Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, complainant, v. the Church of Christ at Independence, Missouri) was a United States legal case in the 1890s which addressed legal ownership of the Temple Lot, a significant parcel of land in the Latter Day Saint movement. In the case, the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (RLDS Church, now Community of Christ) claimed legal title of the land and asked the court to order the Church of Christ (Temple Lot) to cease its occupation of the property. The RLDS Church won the case at trial, but the decision was reversed on appeal.
Pre-trial ownership of Temple Lot
The Temple Lot is a small parcel of land in Independence, Missouri. In the early 1830s, the lot was designated by Joseph Smith as the site for a proposed temple for a prophesied city of "Zion" or "New Jerusalem". In 1831, Latter Day Saint Bishop Edward Partridge purchased the Temple Lot from Jones H. Flournoy and Clara Flournoy on behalf of Smith's Latter Day Saint church. Partridge held the property in trust for the church.
The proposed temple was never built on the site and the Latter Day Saints were ultimately driven out of Missouri. After this, legal title to the property became a matter of dispute, with three separate theories of who inherited legal title to the property. The Church of Christ (Temple Lot) (the "Hedrickites") ultimately found themselves in possession of the most prominent portion of the Bishop Partridge had purchased in 1831. On April 7, 1884, a Hedrickite conference authorized construction of a "house of worship" on the property, and on April 6, 1887, a building committee was formed and authorized by conference vote to immediately begin construction of the building. At their October 6, 1889 conference, the Hedrickites noted completion of the small church building on the northeast corner of the property, but no building was constructed on the exact site believed to have been designated for the temple—the central part of the sparsely-wooded field.
Pre-trial dispute
Observing lumber and other building materials rapidly accumulating on the site, on June 11, 1887, the RLDS Church served written notice to the Church of Christ (Temple Lot) to "cease and desist" performing any construction on the disputed site. However, construction continued and media reports of the day indicate that a habitable structure was in place as early as that summer of 1887. On September 10, 1888, visiting elders from the Utah-based The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) were welcomed and invited to lecture in the building, which apparently was completed by that time.
Trial
On August 6, 1891, the RLDS Church filed suit in the United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri claiming equitable title to the Temple Lot, which was under the control by the Temple Lot church. After Joseph Smith's death, the Latter Day Saint movement had splintered into a number of separate churches; Smith's son Joseph Smith III was the president of the RLDS Church and claimed that the RLDS Church was the rightful successor to the original Latter Day Saint church. The Temple Lot church originally claimed the property on the basis of legal title, but later in the case also argued that it was entitled to the land as the rightful successor of the original church. The Utah-based LDS Church also participated in the case, providing funds and legal advice to the Hedrickites.
Perhaps to bolster their legal claim to the property, a Hedrickite conference announced Sunday, April 9, 1893 that construction of a long-awaited Latter-day Saint Temple would begin on the disputed property. Evidently on advice of their attorney, however, the strategy was abandoned, and soon forgotten in the confusion of rumors. The Chicago Tribune reported:
After days of hearings which commenced February 7, 1894, the trial court ruled in March 1894 that the RLDS Church was the rightful successor to the original Latter Day Saint church, and that as such it was entitled to ownership of the property. The court also held that the doctrine of laches did not apply since the Latter Day Saints had been driven out of Missouri and were therefore unable to assert their rights to the property.
Appeal
The Church of Christ (Temple Lot) appealed the trial court's decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit. The appeals court disagreed with the trial court on the issue of laches, suggesting that the RLDS Church had unnecessarily delayed in asserting its rights over the property, and that in any case the legal title claims of the Hedrickites were probably superior to those of the RLDS Church. However, rather than reversing the decision of the trial court, the appeals court dismissed the case from the courts entirely, which meant that the controversy stood as though no case had ever been brought. In the result, the Hedrickites remained in possession of the Temple Lot by default.
The RLDS Church requested a second hearing by the Court of Appeals en banc but the motion was dismissed. The RLDS Church then sought to appeal the decision to the United States Supreme Court, but that court denied certiorari, which brought the case to a close.
Reactions
Leaders of the RLDS Church widely interpreted the result of the case as a technical vindication of the church's claim as being the rightful successor to the original Latter Day Saint church. Joseph Smith III and his successor, Israel A. Smith, both argued that the RLDS Church had been denied title to the Temple Lot merely because of the doctrine of laches, and that the courts had confirmed that otherwise their title was superior. The Temple Lot church has consistently maintained that the case stands as the final validation of their right to possess the Temple Lot. The LDS Church, although it assisted the Hedrickites in the case, has not taken an official position on the outcome of the case.
Impact
The case became an important source for documents related to Mormon plural marriage. To counteract RLDS claims to be the true successors to Joseph Smith Jr., the LDS Church assisted by having women give court testimony about their polygamist relationships with him.
See also
Kirtland Temple Suit
Notes
References
The Temple Lot Case [trial and appeal transcripts] (Lamoni, Iowa: Herald Publishing House, 1893)
Bert C. Flint, An Outline History of the Church of Christ (Temple Lot) (Independence, Mo.: Church of Christ, Temple Lot, 1979)
External links
"Decision of John F. Philips, judge, in Temple Lot case : the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints versus the Church of Christ, et al (1894)"
Full text of Complainant's abstract of pleading and evidence in The Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, complainant, vs. the Church of Christ at Independence, Missouri Published in 1893 by the RLDS Herald Publishing House, 507 pages of information about the "Temple Lot Suit"
1894 in United States case law
1895 in United States case law
Community of Christ
History of the Latter Day Saint movement
Independence, Missouri
Latter Day Saint movement in Missouri
Mormonism and law
Mormonism-related controversies
United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit cases
Law articles needing an infobox
Temple Lot
1894 in Christianity
1895 in Christianity
Church of Christ (Temple Lot)
19th-century Mormonism
1895 in Missouri
Christianity and law in the 19th century
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White%20Pine%20Series%20of%20Architectural%20Monographs
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White Pine Series of Architectural Monographs
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The White Pine Series of Architectural Monographs, subtitled "A Bi-Monthly Publication Suggesting the Architectural Use of White Pine and Its Availability Today as a Structural Wood", was a landmark publication of drawings, photographs and descriptions of early American architecture. The original series was first published in 1915 and was out of print by World War II; it was revived from 2006 to 2014. Both the original series and revival were discovered to have published content based on fabricated New England communities.
History
The series was launched in 1915 as an advertising campaign by the White Pine Bureau, a joint venture of the Northern Pine Manufacturer's Association of Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan and the Associated White Pine Manufacturers of Idaho. Architect Russell F. Whitehead was hired to supervise the series with Julian Buckly as photographer.
During the first 10 years, the series was limited to the exterior details of residences constructed with Eastern white pine, as suited its advertising purpose. Often the notable structures of a single village would be documented together in one issue. By 1920, the editor's collection of unpublished photographs became so extensive that Whitehead and his colleague Hubert Ripley invented the fictional town of Stotham, Massachusetts, to justify their use. The fiction went undiscovered until the late 1940s when Leicester Bodine Holland, head of the Library of Congress' Department of Fine Arts related his inability to locate the town to Whitehead, eliciting an explanation of the subterfuge.
In 1924, the White Pine Bureau ceased its advertising campaign and Whitehead determined to continue the series independently, selling advertising space to Weyerhauser Forest Products. He also modified the focus of the series, including documentation of churches and public buildings and the recording of interiors and millwork details He also expanded the geographic scope of the project, documenting buildings in the southern states, many of which had been framed with Southern pine or Cypress.
In 1932, the Monograph series became absorbed into the Pencil Points architectural journal as a regular feature. The documentation of historic structures with photographs and measured drawings complemented the "Comparative Details" feature which published construction details for contemporary projects. The Monograph series was ended abruptly in June 1940. Many of its contributors became involved in the Historic American Buildings Survey.
Re-issue and revival
Eagerly collected by architects and historians, the monographs have been re-issued in bound editions several times. In 1987, the National Historical Society of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, began publishing a series of hardbound books, the Architectural Treasures of Early America, drawn entirely from the White Pine Monographs. They reorganized the individual editions into geographic regions and re-set all the type in order to produce a consistent presentation. They were also able, in many cases, to make use of the original photographs which had been given to Weyerhauser by Whitehead's widow.
In 2006, the Northeastern Lumber Manufacturers Association (NELMA) revived the title for a new series of publications documenting the production and use of Eastern white pine lumber in construction. In 2011, another hoax was discovered; similar to the 1920s hoax about Stotham, Massachusetts, a 2010 monograph discussing the town of New Milford, New Hampshire, was found to have been a fabrication. The series has not been published since 2014.
References
Magruder, C. (March, 1963). “The White Pine Monograph Series.“ The Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 22(1): pp. 39–41
Davis, William C. (1987) "Historical Introduction to the Series." Survey of Early American Design, Vol. 1 of Lisa C. Mullins, ed., Architectural Treasures of Early America. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. pp. 5–7
External links
Revived monograph series at www.nelma.org
White Pines Series of Architectural Monographs Collection at Historic Charleston Foundation
Advertising campaigns
Architecture magazines
Publications established in 1915
Architecture books
1987 non-fiction books
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41570881
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City%20Hall%20station%20%28Rochester%29
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City Hall station (Rochester)
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City Hall is a former Rochester Industrial and Rapid Transit Railway station located in Rochester, New York. It was closed in 1956 along with the rest of the line.
The station was in the former Erie Canal tunnel under West Broad Street in front of City Hall and the Times Square Building. Beside each building there were covered stairwells to provide access between street level and both ends of the platform.
The Rochester, Lockport and Buffalo Railroad Interurban line used this station as its eastern terminus from the opening of the subway until 1931 when the line became defunct. The Rochester, Syracuse and Eastern used the station as its western terminus. Passengers could transfer between the BL&R, Rochester & Eastern and the subway at this station.
The Broad Street Tunnel Project rehabilitated this section of the tunnel west of Exchange Boulevard in 2011 and paved the street. The subway tunnel between Main Street and Brown Street was filled in.
References
Railway stations in Rochester, New York
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1918
Railway stations closed in 1956
1918 establishments in New York (state)
1956 disestablishments in New York (state)
Railway stations located underground in New York (state)
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18069090
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopian%20district
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Shopian district
|
Shopian or Shupiyan (کٲشر: شوپؠن ) (), known as Shupyan () in Kashmiri, is a hill district with its administrative division in Shopian, located in the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, since it is situated on the historical road commonly known as Mughal Road, most of its area is occupied by forests. Shopian district comes under the Pir Panjal Range which makes it very cold in winter. After partition of India, it was a tehsil of Pulwama district. In March, 2007, the district status was granted by the Government of India. The economy of the district depends on agriculture, particularly apple growing. Shopian is from Aglar which connects it with Pulwama district and is one of the border towns of the district.
Shopian district is called "the apple bowl of Kashmir".
Demographics
According to the 2011 census, the Shopian district has a population of 266,215. This gives the Shopian district a ranking of 577th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of . Its population growth rate over the 2001–2011 decade was 25.85%. Shopian has a sex ratio of 951 females for every 1,000 males (this varies with religion), and a literacy rate of 62.49%.
At the time of the 2011 census, 87.99% of the population spoke Kashmiri, 8.80% Gojri and 1.78% Pahari as their first language.
Education
In 1988, The Government of Jammu and Kashmir established a college namely Government Degree College, Shopian which provides higher education infrastructure to the people of Shopian district. The Government Polytechnic college was established recently in the Shopian town, which provides technical engineering diploma level education.
Some of the other notable educational institutions are:
Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Shopian
Government higher secondary, Shopian
And also various private higher secondary and high schools
Economy
The local economy depends on agriculture. Apple growing "provides employment to about 60% of the population and is the main source of livelihood of many households." Apple growing is more profitable than other crops, partly because the hilly nature of the land makes it harder to cultivate other crops than apples.
Healthcare
The district has a number of hospitals and healthcare facilities, some of which include its adjoining areas they are:
Government District Hospital Shopian
Sub District Hospital Zainapora,
Sub District Hospital Keller
Primary Health centre Aglar
NTPHC Ramnagri
PHC Herman
PHC Pinjura
PHC DK Pora
Places of interest
Shopian district has many places with tourism potential: Arshi Pora Lahanthour, Sedow, Hirpora Wildlife Sanctuary, Dubijan - from Heerpora Village; Peer Marg/Peer Gali - away from Heerpora on the historical Mughal Road; Lake Nandansar - away from the Peer Ki Gali; Hash Wang Bagam Pather, Sok Saray, and Mughal Saray at Jajinar. The Jamia Masjid in Shopian is one of the famous historical monuments built during the Mughal reign resembling that of jamia Masjid Srinagar.
The Aasar-i-Sharief Dargah at Pinjura, attracts thousands of devotees on the occasion of Eid-i-Milad-un- Nabi and Shab-i-Mehraj.
Darul Uloom Islamia Pinjura where large people gather to seek (spiritual and moral) knowledge and propagate to others.
On the outskirts of Shopian town near Nagbal area, there is a Siva temple called Kapalmochan Mandir with three natural springs and a unique Shivling with small Rudraksh shaped knots spread all over it.
Transport
The major roads connecting Shopian with neighbouring districts are:
Shopian-Pulwama-Srinagar Road
Shopian-Anantnag Via Chitragam
shopian to Aglar via heff turkuwangam
Shopian -Anantnag via Kaider
Shopian Anantnag Via Kulgam khudwani Wanpoh khanabal
shopian to sangam via Aglar
Shopian-Rajouri-Poonch via Mughal Road
Shopian-Zawoora-Keller
Shopian-Sedow-Aharbal
Shopian-Hirpora
Shopian-Bijbehara via Malik Gund Imamsahib,
Shopian-Pinjoor
Shopian-Zainapora( Babapora)- Frisal- khudwani
Shopian-Zainapora( Babapora)- wachi - Sangam
Shopian to Kulgam Kachdoora, Sehpora Mohan Pora or Okay
Shopian to Reshnagri via Narwaw, Saidpora
Shopian to Nehama via Vehil Nowgam, Kanjiullar
Shopian to Ramnagri via Narwaw, Saidpora, Amshipora.
Shopian to Kangiullar via Ramnagri and Gadiporahir
Shopian to Kheer Bhawani at Mamzam via Ramnagri, Kanjiuller Nihama
Shopian to Aharbal via Ramnagri, Gadipora and Nihama
Shopian to Zawoora via Rambiara.
Shopian to Shadab Karewa Via Zowoora.
Shopian to Narapora, keller via Zawoora
Shopain to Aharbal via Saidow
Shopian Arshi pora road to link Via Herman Kadder Road
Shopian to Manzimpara via Kundalan.
Shopian to Anantnag via Manihall and Yaripora
Shopian to Toolihalan
Shopian to Aharbal via Ramnagri, Reshnagri, Bridge Completed in Last year.
.
See also
Anantnag district
Pulwama district
Manzimpara
Mughal Road
Pir Panjal Pass
Kausar nag
Hirpora Wildlife Sanctuary
References
External links
Official website
Districts of Jammu and Kashmir
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12919189
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stachytarpheta%20svensonii
|
Stachytarpheta svensonii
|
Stachytarpheta svensonii is a species of plant in the family Verbenaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests.
References
Endemic flora of Ecuador
svensonii
Critically endangered plants
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
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37669105
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eaml%C4%B1%20Wind%20Farm
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Şamlı Wind Farm
|
The Şamlı Wind Farm () is an onshore wind power plant located in Şamlı town of Balıkesir in western Turkey.
The wind farm consists of three fields operated by different companies. A total of 91 wind turbines have an installed output power of 150 MW generating an average annual electric energy of 375 GWh. Currently, the wind farm is the country's fourth largest one.
Technical details
Field 1 consists of 38 turbines of type Vestas V90/3000 each with rotor diameter at a hub height of generating 3.0 MW power. Total installed power increased from 90 MW to 114 MW with the expansion completed in November 2011. Operated by Borasco.
Field 2 has a total installed power is 30.0 MW. Operated by Yapısan company.
Field 3 consists of 20 turbines of type Vestas. Total installed power is 30.0 MW. The field is operated by Bares company.
References
Buildings and structures in Balıkesir Province
Wind farms in Turkey
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14260318
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC%20Carl%20Zeiss%20Jena%20%28women%29
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FC Carl Zeiss Jena (women)
|
FC Carl Zeiss Jena is a German women's football club from Jena, Thuringia. The club currently plays in the Bundesliga, the highest level of women's football in Germany.
Carl Zeiss Jena played regional women's football since 2016/17 but became more prominent, when it merged with FF USV Jena in 2020.
History
HSG Uni Jena, USV Jena, FF USV Jena
After becoming the last East German women's football champion in 1991, Uni Jena was admitted to the Bundesliga after the reunification of Germany. They were relegated after one season and have remained in the 2nd tier league (then Regionalliga, later 2nd Bundesliga) since then. In 2003 Jena became champions of the northeastern Regionalliga but failed to achieve promotion to the Bundesliga. The decisive match was lost at home against Hamburger SV. A year later they qualified for the newly founded 2nd Bundesliga and were grouped into the southern division.
In 2004 a new women's club was founded, so the USV Jena became the FF USV Jena (FF for Frauenfußball, women's football)
In 2005 and 2006 they came in third, in 2007 even in second place. In the 2007–08 season, Jena finished first in the 2nd Bundesliga Süd and got promoted to the Bundesliga. In 2008–09 the managed a 9th place and improved to an 8th place the next season. The team's biggest success was reaching the final of the 2009–10 Frauen DFB-Pokal, where they lost 0–1 to FCR 2001 Duisburg.
From 1 July 2020 on, the club will play under a new name, after agreeing to a merger with the men's football club FC Carl Zeiss Jena.
Carl Zeiss's women's section
Carl Zeiss entered a women's team in the Thüringenliga, the 4th level, for the first time in the 2017/18 season. It remained in that league for three years, finishing first eventually. The team was created by transferring over USV Jena III. USV Jena kept their first two teams.
Merger with Carl Zeiss
After the 2019/20 season FF USV Jena, transferred all their teams to FC Carl Zeiss Jena, in order to combine forces and benefit of the larger club with its image.
Current squad
Staff
Head coach: Christopher Heck
Assistant coach: Thilo Osterbrink, Susann Utes
Goalkeeper coach: Stephan Fleischhauer
Fitness coach: Martin Buder
Former notable players
Anna Blässe
Carolin Schiewe
Ivonne Hartmann
Sabrina Schmutzler
Carol Carioca
Genoveva Añonman
Adjoa Bayor
Abby Erceg
Fata Salkunič
Lara Keller
References
External links
Women's football clubs in Germany
Football clubs in Thuringia
Sport in Jena
University of Jena
Association football clubs established in 2004
2004 establishments in Germany
Frauen-Bundesliga clubs
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26351161
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandro%20Vanello
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Sandro Vanello
|
Sandro Vanello (born February 15, 1948 in Tarcento) is a retired Italian professional football player.
References
1948 births
Living people
Italian footballers
Serie A players
Serie B players
Inter Milan players
Hellas Verona F.C. players
Palermo F.C. players
Bologna F.C. 1909 players
S.S. Sambenedettese Calcio players
Association football midfielders
Sportspeople from Friuli-Venezia Giulia
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48669861
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taygete%20citrinella
|
Taygete citrinella
|
Taygete citrinella is a moth in the family Autostichidae. It was described by William Barnes and August Busck in 1920. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Arizona and California.
The wingspan is 8–10 mm. The forewings are light lemon yellow with the base of the costal edge black. There is a black costal spot at the basal fourth and another just beyond the middle. A small black spot is found on the dorsal edge at the end of the fold and there are three small black dots along the terminal edge. The hindwings are light silvery fuscous.
References
Moths described in 1920
Taygete (moth)
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47432518
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abeille-class%20brig
|
Abeille-class brig
|
The Abeille class was a type of 16-gun brig-corvette of the French Navy, designed by François Pestel with some units refined by Pierre-Jacques-Nicolas Rolland. They were armed with either 24-pounder carronades, or a mixture of light 6-pounder long guns and lighter carronades. Twenty-one ships of this type were built between 1801 and 1812, and served in the Napoleonic Wars.
The four first ships were ordered in bulk on 24 December 1800, but two (Mouche and Serin) could not be completed due to shortages of timbers.
As the forerunner of the series, Abeille, is not always identified as such in British sources, the type is sometimes referred to as the Sylphe class, after Sylphe, which served as model for subsequent constructions.
Ships
Mouche
Builder: Toulon
Begun: 24 December 1800
Launched:
Completed:
Fate: Never completed due to lack of timber.
Abeille
Builder: Toulon
Begun: 24 December 1800
Launched: 24 June 1801
Completed: 21 May 1801
Fate: Hulked in 1844, renamed Molène and used as an achor depot in Brest in 1865
Furet
Builder: Toulon
Begun: September 1801
Launched: 24 December 1801
Completed: 25 February 1802
Fate: Captured by HMS Hydra on 27 February 1806
Serin
Builder: Toulon
Begun: 1802
Launched:
Completed:
Fate: Never completed due to lack of timber.
Faune
Builder: Nantes
Begun: 1803
Launched: 8 July 1804
Completed:
Fate: Captured by HMS Goliath on 2 August 1805 and commissioned in the Royal Navy as HMS Fawn
Néarque
Builder: Caudan, Lorient
Begun: 15 June 1803
Launched: 27 April 1804
Completed: 13 July 1804
Fate: Captured by HMS Niobe on 28 March 1806.
Sylphe
Builder: Dunkerque
Begun: June 1803
Launched: 10 July 1804
Completed: 29 September 1804
Fate: Captured by HMS Comet on 18 August 1808, commissioned in the Royal Navy as HMS Seagull
Adonis
Builder: Genoa (Italy)
Begun: April 1805
Launched: 18 August 1806
Completed: 21 November 1806
Fate: Broken up in 1823
Cygne
Builder: Le Havre Dockyard
Begun: 28 April 1806
Launched: 12 September 1806
Completed:
Fate: Ran aground and scuttled by fire to avoid capture
Écureuil
Builder:
Begun:
Launched:
Completed:
Fate:
Requin
Builder:
Begun:
Launched:
Completed:
Fate:
Béarnais
Builder:
Begun:
Launched:
Completed:
Fate:
Génie
Builder:
Begun:
Launched:
Completed:
Fate:
Pluvier
Builder:
Begun:
Launched:
Completed:
Fate:
Basque
Builder:
Begun:
Launched:
Completed:
Fate:
Hussard
Builder:
Begun:
Launched:
Completed:
Fate:
Renard
Builder: Genoa Dockyard
Begun: November 1808
Launched: 12 May 1810
Completed:
Fate: Seized by the British in 1814 with the capitulation of Genoa
Zèbre
Builder:
Begun:
Launched:
Completed:
Fate:
Faune
Builder:
Begun:
Launched:
Completed:
Fate:
Actéon
Builder:
Begun:
Launched:
Completed:
Fate:
Inconstant
Builder:
Begun:
Launched:
Completed:
Fate:
Notes and references
Notes
References
Bibliography
1800s ships
Corvette classes
Age of Sail corvettes of France
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5119269
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr%20Khvostunov
|
Aleksandr Khvostunov
|
Aleksandr Khvostunov (born 9 January 1974) is an Uzbekistani football defender currently playing for NBU Osiyo.
Playing career
Club
He played for Bunyodkor in 2007–2010. In July 2011 he joined FK Samarqand-Dinamo before playing in Qizilqum Zarafshon. In 2013, he joined NBU Osiyo, club playing in Uzbekistan First League.
National team
He earned 49 caps scoring 3 goals for the national team between 1997 and 2004.
Career statistics
International goals
Honours
Pakhtakor
Uzbek League (1): 1998
Bunyodkor
Uzbek League (3): 2008, 2009, 2010
Uzbek Cup (1): 2010
References
External links
1974 births
Living people
People from Qashqadaryo Region
Soviet footballers
Uzbekistani footballers
Uzbekistan international footballers
Uzbekistani expatriate footballers
Pakhtakor Tashkent FK players
FC Lada Togliatti players
Expatriate footballers in Kazakhstan
FC Chornomorets Odesa players
FC Bunyodkor players
Navbahor Namangan players
Uzbekistani expatriate sportspeople in Kazakhstan
Expatriate footballers in Ukraine
Uzbekistani expatriate sportspeople in Ukraine
2000 AFC Asian Cup players
FK Dinamo Samarqand players
Footballers at the 1998 Asian Games
Uzbekistani people of Russian descent
Association football defenders
FC Krylia Sovetov Samara players
Asian Games competitors for Uzbekistan
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2744148
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.%20Clarke%20Richardson%20Collegiate
|
J. Clarke Richardson Collegiate
|
J. Clarke Richardson Collegiate is a secondary school in Ajax, Ontario, Canada. J. Clarke Richardson is run under the Durham District School Board. Richardson offers a wide range of academic and co-curricular activities for students, such as the enriched specialist high skills major program, laptop program and other activities that aid student success.
Richardson Collegiate laptop program is now a 'bring your own technology' program where students use appropriate laptops and tablets, wireless network access and cloud computing as integral parts of their learning.
Academic co-curricular activities include Robotics, DECA, math club, science club, and dance club.
Leadership co-curricular activities include Student Government, Richardson Athletic Council, Music Council, The Diaspora Collective, South Asian club, Culture of Richardson, and CLIC (Character Education group)
Name
The school's name originates from a well known local educator. He was the principal at Pickering High School (Ajax) in 1958, he was the Superintendent of the Pickering secondary schools, and in 1969, he was the Superintendent of Operations for the new Ontario county board, which included all of the Ajax high schools. Richardson was well respected by colleagues and students and was key in making it possible for students to further their education by helping financially.
Building
J. Clarke Richardson Collegiate was opened in September 2002. It is a part of a project that combines two high schools, J. Clarke of the Durham District School Board and Notre Dame Catholic Secondary of the Durham Catholic District School Board. The schools are separated by a shared cafeteria and theatre on the inside, directly in the middle of both schools. It also shares a main sports field east of the building, all of which is on the same property. J. Clarke occupies the south half of the complex and Notre Dame (ND) occupies the north half. J. Clarke owns a state-of-the-art kitchen for its culinary program and provides lunch for both J. Clarke and ND.
Sports
Athletic co-curricular activities include basketball, soccer, ice hockey, football, volleyball, track and field, field hockey, badminton, tennis, baseball and cross-country running. Cricket is also played by some students in J. Clarke Richardson. The Richardson teams are known as the Richardson Storm.
In recent years, J Clarke Richardson has become known as a dominant basketball school and have consistently been ranked in the top 10 basketball schools in the GTA. They have participated in back-to-back LOSSA championships, one of which they won. They competed the OFSAA basketball tournament in the years 2010 and 2011 respectively; in 2011 they finished fourth. In 2010, J. Clarke's basketball was once ranked number 1 in the GTA and all of Canada.
The 2014 robotics won regional competition GTR west and progressed to the world robotics championship in St.Louis, Missouri.
The school has also done well in track and field, particularly in the 100 m sprinting, in which they hold the senior boys record in Central Ontario with a time of 10.73 s (2011).
J. Clarke has also sent an alumnus to the United States on Division 1 NCAA soccer scholarships.
The NFL's New York Jets Nathan Shepherd, was the only Canadian 2018 NFL Draft pick and graduate of J Clarke Richardson.
Other
J. Clarke Richardson is an award winner for their technology education an integration program. From its inception, JCR has implemented information literacy skills across its curriculum program. The goals of the ICT programs are to ensure that technology is used to improve student learning and to guarantee that all students graduate high school with the basics about how to use technology. J Clarke’s EcoTeam has created and fund-raised for the production of an outdoor classroom. This classroom provides an opportunity for students to learn and engage in hands-on activities. This space is available for all classes, in all of the subjects, and depending on the subject there are many different activities.
JCR's main feeder schools are:
Applecroft Public School
DaVinci Public School
Dr. Roberta Bondar Public School
Lester B. Pearson Public School
Nottingham Public School
Romeo Dallaire Public School
Terry Fox Public School
Valley View Public School
Viola Desmond Public School
JCR's overflow feeder schools are:
Lincoln Alexander Public School
Westney Heights Public School
See also
List of high schools in Ontario
References
External links
*
DurhamRegion.com - J. Clarke Richardson
J..ca Eye on the Storm, J. Clarke Richardson's student newspaper
[www.hooptowngta.com]
High schools in the Regional Municipality of Durham
Ajax, Ontario
2002 establishments in Ontario
Educational institutions established in 2002
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2163759
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991%20Polish%20parliamentary%20election
|
1991 Polish parliamentary election
|
Parliamentary elections were held in Poland on 27 October 1991 to elect deputies to both houses of the National Assembly. The 1991 election was notable on several counts. It was the first parliamentary election to be held since the formation of the Third Republic, the first entirely free and competitive legislative election since the fall of communism, the first completely free legislative election of any sort since 1928, and only the fifth completely free election in all of Polish history. Due to the collapse of the Solidarity movement's political wing, the 1991 election saw deep political fragmentation, with a multitude of new parties and alliances emerging in its wake. Low voting thresholds within individual constituencies, along with a five percent national threshold allocated to a small portion of the Sejm, additionally contributed to party fragmentation. As a result, 29 political parties gained entry into the Sejm and 22 in the Senate, with no party holding a decisive majority. Two months of intense coalition negotiations followed, with Jan Olszewski of the Centre Agreement forming a minority government along with the Christian National Union, remnants of the broader Center Civic Alliance, and the Peasants' Agreement, with conditional support from Polish People's Party, Solidarity and other minor parties.
460 members of parliament (poseł) were elected; 391 from 6980 candidates from 37 regional lists of candidates and 69 from country-wide lists of candidates. In the Sejm elections, 27,517,280 citizens were eligible to vote, 11,887,949 (43.2%) of them cast their votes and 11,218,602 (94.4%) of the votes were counted as valid. In the Senate elections, 43.2% of citizens cast their votes, 96.5% were valid.
Elections were supervised by the National Electoral Commission (Państwowa Komisja Wyborcza). 37 regional (okręgowe) commissions were formed, and 22,341 district (obwodowe), staffed by 197,389 citizens.
A remarkable 111 parties competed and 29 parties (listed below) won Parliamentary seats. The success of the satirical Polish Beer-Lovers' Party with 16 seats gained news coverage worldwide.
Results
Sejm
Senate
References
Obwieszczenie Państwowej Komisji Wyborczej z dn. 31 X 1991 r., Monitor Polski. Nr 41, poz. 288
Obwieszczenie PKW z dn. 30 X 1991 r., M.P. Nr 41, poz. 287
Poland
Parliamentary elections in Poland
1991 elections in Poland
History of Poland (1989–present)
October 1991 events in Europe
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58994670
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian%20Hanlin
|
Ian Hanlin
|
Ian Stuart Hanlin is a Canadian voice actor based in Vancouver, British Columbia.
Originally from Cole Harbour, Nova Scotia, he is known for his voice roles of Sunburst in My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic, Lance Richmond in Nexo Knights, Acronix in Ninjago: Masters of Spinjitzu and Ralph in Fruit Ninja: Frenzy Force.
Personal life
Hanlin has been dating Caitlyn Bairstow since 2017. They first met while recording Nexo Knights. They live together and own a dog named Nester.
Filmography
Animation
Film
Video games
Live-action
Awards and nominations
Leo Awards Best Performance in an Animation Program (2021) – Winner
References
External links
Ian Hanlin at Behind the Voice Actors
Living people
Canadian male video game actors
Canadian male voice actors
Male actors from Nova Scotia
Male actors from Vancouver
People from Cole Harbour, Nova Scotia
Year of birth missing (living people)
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57689313
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Council%20of%20the%20Aeronautical%20Sciences
|
International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences
|
The International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences (ICAS) is a worldwide institution, established as an international forum for individual national aeronautical professional associations.
History
It was formed on 29 January 1957 at a conference in the US. The first ICAS Congress was held in Spain in 1958. Frank Wattendorf, of AGARD, was the first Director.
A second meeting was held in Paris, with Hugh Latimer Dryden of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, and representatives from ONERA (Office National d'Etudes et de Recherches Aérospatiales), the Royal Aeronautical Society (RAeS), the WGL (now the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt), the Association Française des Ingénieurs et Techniciens de l'Aéronautique (now the Association Aéronautique et Astronautique de France), and the Aeronautical Research Institute of Sweden.
Congress
It holds a biennial international congress in September. In 1986 it was held in London. In 2000 the congress was held in North Yorkshire. The 2018 Congress was held by Associação Brasileira de Engenharia e Ciências Mecânicas (ABCM) in Brazil. The 2020 congress will be held in Shanghai, China.
Presidents
Raymond Bisplinghoff 1978
Boris Laschka 1986
Paolo Santini 1990
Murray Scott 2013
Christian Mari 2015
Susan Ying 2017
Shinji Suzuki 2017
Structure
The secretariat of ICAS is at Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) in Bonn. It was first headquartered at the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), the DLR from 1978, the RAeS in 1986, the Nederlandse Vereniging voor Luchtvaarttechniek from 1990, the AAAF (Association Aéronautique et Astronautique de France) from 1997, then Sweden from 2002, and Germany from January 2011.
See also
Council of European Aerospace Societies (CEAS)
Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI)
International Astronautical Federation
International Energy Forum
References
External links
ICAS
ICAS 2020
1957 in aviation
Aerospace engineering organizations
Aviation organisations based in Germany
International aviation organizations
International organisations based in Bonn
Scientific organizations established in 1957
Scientific organisations based in Germany
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1997334
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masters%20of%20Doom
|
Masters of Doom
|
Masters of Doom: How Two Guys Created an Empire and Transformed Pop Culture is a 2003 book by David Kushner about id Software and its influence on popular culture, focusing chiefly on the video-game company's co-founders John Carmack and John Romero.
Upon release, Masters of Doom received positive reviews from critics and has been placed on numerous "best of" lists for video game books. The book would later influence Palmer Luckey to establish the technology company Oculus VR, and Alexis Ohanian and Steve Huffman to found reddit. In 2019, it was announced that the USA Network had greenlit a pilot episode of a potential series based on the book.
Background
David Kushner was a contributor for news outlets such as The New York Times, Rolling Stone, and Wired. Since this was his first book, Kushner spent five years on research. He moved to Dallas, Texas to conduct the interviews with the subjects, interviewing them late into the night.
Content
The book describes the "Two Johns'" respective childhoods, their first meeting at Softdisk in 1989 and the eventual founding of their own company, id Software. It discusses in detail the company's first successes, the popular and groundbreaking Commander Keen and Wolfenstein 3D games, as well as the new heights the company reached with Doom, which granted the company unprecedented success, fame and notoriety. It also discusses id's next project, Quake, as well as the aftermath of Romero's departure from the company and his founding – and the eventual collapse – of Ion Storm, his new game development studio. Kushner also describes the new gamer culture created by Doom and its impact on society.
While the games themselves are discussed in detail, Kushner's main focus is in the work dynamic and personalities that enabled their creation. He describes Carmack and Romero as the driving forces of id Software, but with very different personalities: Romero is presented as having unbridled creativity and considerable skill, but he loses focus when the spectacular success of the games allows him to adopt a rock star-like public persona. Carmack, on the other hand, is depicted as an introvert, whose unparalleled programming skills are the backbone of id Software, enabling the company to create extremely sophisticated games. However, he has little interest in – or even understanding of – the social niceties that enable people to enjoy working together.
Much of the book concentrates on this dynamic. While the two men initially complement each other well, eventually conflicts develop, leading Romero to be fired from the company. Carmack, the skilled creator of the complicated and fast game engines the company's products use, is repeatedly referred to as the only person in the company who isn't expendable, and this gives him a great degree of authority and influence. However, this influence transforms id Software into a considerably less pleasant and fun place to work and causes the company's games to become increasingly repetitive, despite their technological sophistication. Romero is on the opposite end of the spectrum; his Ion Storm is intended to be a very fun place to work, where "[game] design is law" (Ion Storm's slogan was "Design is Law") and that technology must be created to realize the designer's vision, instead of the other way around. However, his lack of management and organizational focus leads to poor and financially disastrous results.
Although Kushner adopts a novel-like narrative, Masters of Doom is a work of journalism. According to Kushner's notes in the book, it is based on hundreds of interviews conducted over a six-year period. Kushner was an early entrant into the field of video-game journalism, and recycled some of his own original reporting in the book.
Publication
Masters of Doom: How Two Guys Created an Empire and Transformed Pop Culture was first published in May 2003 by Random House in hardcover and ebook form. Random House released an excerpt of the book before its release. Random House later negotiated a deal with UK publisher Piatkus, releasing a trade paperback in autumn 2003.
Critical reception
Seth Mnookin for The New York Times described the book for its pacing and detail, calling it "an impressive and adroit social history." Jeff Jensen for Entertainment Weekly gave it a "B" rating. Thomas L. McDonald for Maximum PC offered praise for its prose and its representation of the subjects. Edge described the book as being akin to a Greek drama without the pathos, adding that the story was "a cautionary tale of relationships in the games industry." Hardcore Gaming 101 considered the book to be "a highly entertaining and quite informative read." Scott Juster for PopMatters gave praise to Kushner's extensive research and interviews of Carmack and Romero. Since its release, the book been placed on several "best video game books" lists.
Salon contributor Wagner James Au, while declaring the book to be "excellent", criticized David Kushner for giving too much credit to Catacomb 3-D in terms of technical merit in comparison to Ultima Underworld. Ann Donahue for Variety considered the character study of "the two Johns" to be interesting but thought the book had "problematic tunnel vision" by rarely taking a broader look at the impact Doom had outside of the gaming industry. Computer Gaming Worlds Charles Ardai called it "clumsily written but nonetheless compelling". Publishers Weekly considered Kushner to have given too much leeway about the violence in the two Johns games. The magazine also criticized the narration to be dry in parts of the book.
Legacy
Palmer Luckey, the founder of the technology company Oculus VR, first became interested in virtual reality after reading Masters of Doom. John Carmack would later leave id Software in 2013 to work for Oculus as their chief technology officer. In 2016, Kushner released an audiobook follow-up titled "Prepare to Meet Thy Doom and More True Gaming Stories". The book is a compilation of Kushner's long-form journalism which included a “where-they-are-now” article on Carmack and Romero. The book was read by Wil Wheaton.
Lawsuit
In 2005, former Ion Storm chief executive officer Michael Wilson sued publisher Random House Inc., claiming the book made false allegations against him making a dodgy business deal to purchase a BMW with funds from the company. Wilson sought $50 million in damages, with further punitive damages from the publisher. A spokesperson for Random House issued a statement announcing the publishing company's support of David Kushner. As of 2020, the outcome of the lawsuit is unknown.
Adaptation
Plans to adapt the book was first conceived in 2005, when it was announced that producer Naren Shankar was planning a television movie for Showtime based on the story. The movie never materialized beyond the initial announcement.
In June 2019, USA Network greenlit a pilot episode of a potential series based on the book, to be written and produced by Tom Bissell under James and Dave Franco's Ramona Films label. The series, if it should continue, is expected to be an anthology series. The series will feature Eduardo Franco as Romero, Patrick Gibson as Carmack, and will also star John Karna, Jane Ackermann, Siobhan Williams, and Peter Friedman, and will be directed by Rhys Thomas.
See also
List of books about video games
References
This article uses content from the GFDL Doom Wiki article "Masters of Doom"
Notes
Citations
Further reading
External links
Audiobooks.com's Masters of Doom Release Page
Author David Kushner's Website
Masters of Doom GameSpy Coverage
2003 non-fiction books
Books about video games
Doom (franchise)
Random House books
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/413th%20Flight%20Test%20Squadron
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413th Flight Test Squadron
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The 413th Flight Test Squadron is part of the 96th Test Wing and is based at Duke Field, Eglin Air Force Base, Florida. It performs flight testing on C-130 Hercules (to include AC-130, HC-130 and MC-130), CV-22 Osprey, MH-53 Pave Low, UH-1 Iroquois, and HH-60 Pave Hawk aircraft.
The first predecessor of the squadron was first activated during World War II as the 413th Bombardment Squadron. It served in the European Theater of Operations, where it earned two Distinguished Unit Citations for its combat actions. Following V-E Day, the squadron returned to the United States and was inactivated.
This squadron was again active from 1947 to 1949 in the reserves, although it was apparently never fully manned or equipped. It was active as a Boeing B-47 Stratojet squadron in Strategic Air Command from 1958 to 1962.
The second predecessor of the squadron, the 6513th Test Squadron was activated in 1977 at Edwards Air Force Base, California. In 1992, the two squadrons were consolidated as the 413th Test Squadron. The squadron was inactivated in 2004, but reactivated the following year at Hurlburt Field, Florida.
Overview
The squadron planned, provided for, and conducted tests of electronic warfare and avionics systems and equipment, on aircraft assigned to the Air Force Flight Test Center between 1977 and 2004. It has planned, executed and managed Development and Qualification Test and Evaluation of fixed-wing aircraft assigned to Air Force Special Operations Command and of all Air Force helicopters since 2005.
History
World War II
Initially established as a Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress reconnaissance squadron in early 1942, redesignated as a heavy bombardment squadron and activated in July. Trained under II Bomber Command in the northwestern United States, then moved to Texas for better flying weather in early 1943. Deployed to England and assigned to VIII Bomber Command.
Flew first combat mission over Occupied Europe on 14 May 1943, Participated in the famous Regensburg shuttle mission to North Africa. Took part in the Big Week Schweinfurt mission of 14 October 1943. In addition, the squadron attacked shipyards, harbours, railway yards, aerodromes, oil refineries, aircraft factories, and other industrial targets in Germany, France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Norway, Poland, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia.
Participated in very long-range mission through heavy clouds and intense anti-aircraft fire to raid important aircraft component factories in Poland on 9 April 1944. Other significant targets included airfields at Bordeaux and Augsburg; marshalling yards at Kiel, Hamm, Brunswick, and Gdynia; aircraft factories at Chemnitz, Hanover, and Diósgyőr; oil refineries at Merseburg and Brüx, and chemical works in Wiesbaden, Ludwigshafen, and Neunkirchen
In addition to strategic operations, missions included bombing coastal defences, railway bridges, gun emplacements, and field batteries in the battle area prior to and during the invasion of Normandy in June 1944; attacking enemy positions in support of the breakthrough at Saint-Lô in July 1944; aiding the campaign in France in August by striking roads and road junctions, and by dropping supplies to the Maquis; and attacking, during the early months of 1945, the communications supplying German armies on the western front.
After V-E Day, flew food missions to the Netherlands and hauled redeployed personnel to French Morocco, Ireland, France, and Germany. In November 1945 its aircraft were flown back to the United States, and was inactivated on 19 December 1945.
Reserves
Was reactivated as a Boeing B-29 Superfortress reserve squadron in 1947 at Keesler Field (later Air Force Base), Mississippi. Unit may or may not have been equipped with aircraft, possibly was an administrative unit with no personnel assigned. Was inactivated on 27 June 1949 due to budget reductions.
Strategic Air Command
From 1958, the Boeing B-47 Stratojet wings of Strategic Air Command (SAC) began to assume an alert posture at their home bases, reducing the amount of time spent on alert at overseas bases. The SAC alert cycle divided itself into four parts: planning, flying, alert and rest to meet General Thomas S. Power's initial goal of maintaining one third of SAC’s planes on fifteen minute ground alert, fully fueled and ready for combat to reduce vulnerability to a Soviet missile strike. To implement this new system B-47 wings reorganized from three to four squadrons. The 413th was activated at Dyess Air Force Base as the fourth squadron of the 96th Bombardment Wing. The alert commitment was increased to half the squadron's aircraft in 1962 and the four squadron pattern no longer met the alert cycle commitment, so the squadron was inactivated on 1 January 1962.
Flight testing
The 6513th Flight Test Squadron (known as the "Red Hats") was activated at Edwards Air Force Base, California on 1 December 1977 as part of the USAF Flight Test Center. The squadron was assigned to Edwards, although it operated from Tonopah Test Range Airport, Nevada to perform technical evaluations of acquired Soviet Aircraft. A similar organization, the 4477th Test and Evaluation Squadron ("Red Eagles") performed clandestine flight testing of the aircraft. In October 1992 at the end of the Cold War, the squadrons were inactivated with the 6513th being consolidated with the 413th Test Squadron which was reactivated. The Red Hats, however, possibly continued to conduct FME projects, apparently as an unnumbered squadron at an undisclosed location in Nevada.
The 413th performed flight testing of electronic warfare assets at Edwards. Inactivated in March 2004 as part of a consolidation and realignment of EW assets, remaining personnel and assets were transferred to Electronic Warfare Directorate North Base.
Reactivated at Hurlburt Field, Florida in February 2005, providing flight testing of special operations aircraft and helicopters under the 46th Test Wing. Moved to Duke Field in 2012 due to budget reductions and rreassigned to 96th Test Wing in July 2012.
Lineage
413th Bombardment Squadron
Constituted as the 23d Reconnaissance Squadron (Heavy) on 28 January 1942
Redesignated 413th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) on 22 April 1942
Activated on 15 July 1942
Redesignated 413th Bombardment Squadron, Heavy on 20 August 1943
Inactivated on 19 December 1945
Redesignated 413th Bombardment Squadron, Very Heavy on 3 July 1947
Activated in the reserve on 17 July 1947
Inactivated on 27 June 1949
Redesignated 413th Bombardment Squadron, Medium on 20 August 1958
Activated on 1 November 1958
Discontinued and inactivated, on 1 January 1962
Consolidated with the 6513th Test Squadron as the 6513th Test Squadron on 1 October 1992
413th Flight Test Squadron
Designated as the 6513th Test Squadron and activated on 1 December 1977
Consolidated with the 413th Bombardment Squadron on 1 October 1992
Redesignated 413th Test Squadron on 2 October 1992
Redesignated 413th Flight Test Squadron on 1 March 1994
Inactivated on 6 May 2004
Activated on 25 February 2005
Assignments
96th Bombardment Group, 15 July 1942 – 19 December 1945
96th Bombardment Group, 17 July 1947 – 27 June 1949
96th Bombardment Wing, 1 November 1958 – 1 January 1962
Air Force Flight Test Center, 1 December 1977
6510th Test Wing (later 412th Test Wing), 1 March 1978
412th Operations Group, 1 October 1993 – 6 May 2004
46th Operations Group, 25 February 2005 – 18 July 2012
96th Operations Group, 18 July 2012 – present
Stations
Salt Lake City Army Air Base, Utah, 15 July 1942
Gowen Field, Idaho, 6 August 1942
Walla Walla Army Air Base, Washington, 16 August 1942
Rapid City Army Air Base, South Dakota, 29 September 1942
Pocatello Army Airfield, Idaho, 1 November 1942
Pyote Army Air Base, Texas, 3 January–16 April 1943
RAF Great Saling (AAF-485), England, 12 May 1943
RAF Snetterton Heath (AAF-138), England, 12 June 1943 – 11 December 1945
Camp Kilmer, New Jersey, 17–19 December 1945
Keesler Field (later Keesler Air Force Base), Mississippi, 17 July 1947 – 27 June 1949
Dyess Air Force Base, Texas, 1 November 1958 – 1 January 1962
Edwards Air Force Base, California, 1 December 1977 – 6 May 2004
Hurlburt Field, Florida, 25 February 2005
Duke Field, Florida, 2012 – present
Aircraft
Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress, 1942–1945
Boeing B-47 Stratojet, 1958–1961
Lockheed C-130 Hercules, 2005–present
MH-53 Pave Low, 2005–2008
Bell UH-1 Iroquois, 2005–present
HH-60 Pave Hawk, 2005–present
CV-22 Osprey, 2007–present
Lockheed HC-130J Combat King II, 2010–present
MC-130J Commando II, 2011–present
Lockheed AC-130J Ghostrider, 2014–present
See also
List of United States Air Force test squadrons
References
Notes
Bibliography
Davies, Steve (2008), Red Eagles, Oxford, United Kingdom: Osprey, pp. 352,
Freeman, Roger A. (1978) Airfields of the Eighth: Then and Now. After the Battle
0412
Military units and formations in Florida
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18826210
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005%E2%80%9306%20Brunei%20Premier%20League
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2005–06 Brunei Premier League
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Statistics of Brunei Premier League for the 2005–06 season.
Overview
It was contested by 10 teams, and QAF FC won the championship.
League standings
References
Brunei 2005/06 (RSSSF)
Brunei Premier League seasons
Brunei
1
1
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60503184
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapperley%20Hospital
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Mapperley Hospital
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Mapperley Hospital is a mental health facility on Porchester Road in Nottingham, England.
History
The hospital, which was designed by George Thomas Hine using a linear corridor layout, opened as the Nottingham Borough Lunatic Asylum in August 1880. It was extended in 1889 and joined the National Health Service as Mapperley Hospital in 1948.
After the introduction of Care in the Community in the early 1980s, the hospital went into a period of decline and closed in December 1994. The north end of the main building has been renamed "Duncan Macmillan House" and is now used as the headquarters of the Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust while the south end of the main building has been renamed "Nightingale House" and has been converted into apartments. Meanwhile, a modern mental health facility, known as the Wells Road Centre, has been established to the west of the site and provides low secure in-patient services.
References
Hospitals in Nottinghamshire
Hospital buildings completed in 1880
Hospitals established in 1880
1880 establishments in England
1994 disestablishments in England
Hospitals disestablished in 1994
Defunct hospitals in England
Former psychiatric hospitals in England
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3300105
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bournheath
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Bournheath
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Bournheath is a village and civil parish in the Bromsgrove District of Worcestershire, England, about three miles north of Bromsgrove. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 454.
References
Villages in Worcestershire
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871109
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaventure%20Island
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Bonaventure Island
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Bonaventure Island (officially in French: île Bonaventure) is a Canadian island in the Gulf of St. Lawrence located off the southern coast of Quebec's Gaspé Peninsula, southeast of the village of Percé. Roughly circular in shape, it has an area measuring .
History
Bonaventure Island (Île Bonaventure), with Percé, was among the early seasonal fishing ports of New France, and was associated with the lineage of Nicolas Denys. Settlers from southern Ireland came in the early 1790s. Peter Du Val, a native of Jersey, set up a fishery company on lot number one before 1819, population rose to an apex, but the company endured until 1845.
The island became a migratory bird sanctuary in 1919 due to the 1916 Migratory Bird Convention between Canada and the United States. The Province of Quebec acquired ownership of the entire island by act of expropriation in 1971, evicting the whole population. At this time approximately 35 families were forced to move elsewhere, all residents were evicted. Later the Province of Quebec grouped it together with Percé Rock into the Parc national de l'île-Bonaventure-et-du-Rocher-Percé (Bonaventure Island and Percé Rock National Park) in 1985. One of the largest and most accessible bird sanctuaries in the world, with more than 280,000 birds, Bonaventure Island is a major tourist destination with boat and island tours from May to October.
The aircraft carrier HMCS Bonaventure was named after the island.
Birds
218 different species of birds have been recorded as visiting, migrating to, or living on Bonaventure island.
The most common bird found on the island is the northern gannet. The island is home to one of the largest colonies of gannets in the world, with 51,700 pairs in 2011.
Other populous colonies include the black-legged kittiwake and the common murre. Terns, black guillemots, herring gulls, great black-backed gulls, razorbills, Leach's storm-petrels, great cormorants, double-crested cormorants, Atlantic puffins, boreal chickadees and blackpoll warblers can also be observed on Bonaventure.
Poetic landmark
Bonaventure Island has been an important source of inspiration to numerous artists and poets. The surrealist writer André Breton declared that, while working on his novel Arcane 17, as he stayed in Percé (1944), he would never tire watching the birds of the Island. The island never ceased attracting painters and writers : the American painter Frederick James (d. 1905), Franco-Germans Claire et Yvan Goll (1946) — by the sixties several artists would spend the summer on the island, and would stay over the summer with the inhabitants—descendants of Irish and Norman settlers—the best known of whom was the naturalist William Du Val. Among these inspired visitors: painter Jacques Hurtubise and Kittie Bruneau, the sculptor Morton Rosengarten, the poet Michaël La Chance. Artists and landowners were evicted in the seventies.
References
External links
Environment Canada's Bonaventure Page
See also
List of islands of Quebec
Gaspé Peninsula
Coastal islands of Quebec
Seabird colonies
Landforms of Gaspésie–Îles-de-la-Madeleine
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19444169
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1971%20Individual%20Speedway%20World%20Championship
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1971 Individual Speedway World Championship
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The 1971 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 26th edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.
Ole Olsen became the first Danish winner of the Championship. His 15 point maximum denied Ivan Mauger from winning a fourth consecutive title. Mauger won the silver medal run-off against Bengt Jansson.
Format changes
The format of the Championship changed again for the 1971 event. This time the Swedish riders were allowed six places in the World Final to be held in Sweden. All other nations had to go through the European Final route to provide the remaining 10 riders for the World Final.
First Round
British/Commonwealth Qualifying - 16 to British/Commonwealth Final
Continental Qualifying - 16 to Continental Final
Swedish Qualifying - 16 to Swedish Finals
British/Commonwealth Qualifying
Swedish Qualifying
Continental Qualifying
Second Round
British/Commonwealth Final - 12 to British/Commonwealth/Nordic final
Nordic Final - 4 to British/Commonwealth/Nordic final
British/Commonwealth Final
June 16, 1971
Coventry
First 12 to British-Nordic Final
Nordic Final
June 6, 1971
Hillerød
First 4 to British-Nordic Final
Third Round
British/Commonwealth/Nordic Final - 8 to European Final
Continental Final - 8 to European Final
British/Commonwealth/Nordic Final
July 30, 1971
Glasgow
First 8 to European Final
Continental Final
June 26, 1971
Slany
First 8 to European Final plus 1 reserve
Fourth Round
European Final - 10 to World Final
Swedish Finals - 6 to World Final
Swedish Finals
Three races held on 1 June at Eskilstuna, 2 June at Norrköping and 3 June in Stockholm
European Final
August 21, 1971
Wembley
First 10 to World Final plus 1 reserve
World Final
September 10, 1971
Göteborg, Ullevi
Referee: Georg Traunspurger
Note : Vladimir Gordeev was disqualified after illegal additives were found in his fuel.
References
1971
World Individual
World
Speedway competitions in Poland
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31107115
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petra%20National%20Trust
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Petra National Trust
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Established in 1989, Petra National Trust (PNT) is a registered Jordanian nongovernmental (not-for-profit) organization whose function is to promote the preservation, protection, and conservation of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Petra. PNT has coordinated preservation projects and studies on such issues as the Nabataean hydrological systems, biodiversity, the geophysical stability of the Siq, and the unique Nabataean wall painting at Beidha. It has also implemented projects related to site management and zoning, capacity building for employees of the Petra Archaeological Park (PAP), and the safeguarding of Petra's natural heritage. Princess Majda Ra'ad was one of the trust's founding members.
PNT also works with local communities to raise awareness about the cultural and natural values of Petra.
References
Non-profit organisations based in Jordan
Petra
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21078796
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourem%20Airport
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Bourem Airport
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Bourem Airport is a small airport serving Bourem in Mali.
Airports in Mali
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29551212
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moider%20Glacier
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Moider Glacier
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Moider Glacier () is a glacier flowing west into the east side of Dalgliesh Bay, Pourquoi Pas Island, in Marguerite Bay, Antarctica. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1979 in association with nearby Perplex Ridge; the word "moider" can be a synonym for "perplex".
References
Glaciers of Fallières Coast
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31950477
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoja%20Rudnova
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Zoja Rudnova
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Zoja Rudnova (19 August 1946 - 12 March 2014) was an international table tennis player from the former Soviet Union.
Table tennis career
From 1964 to 1976 she won several medals in singles, doubles, and team events in the Table Tennis European Championships and in the World Table Tennis Championships. She was twice European champion in women singles, three time European champion with the USSR team, once in women doubles and four times in mixed doubles. She was the first woman ever to become an absolute European champion in 1970 winning all four possible gold medals (singles, team, doubles, mixed doubles) - great feat which has only been repeated once since.
She was a member of USSR women team who won gold medal at 1969 World Championships which was the only time USSR or Russia ever won gold medal as a team (she also has team silver medal from 1967 Worlds). She also has one of only two non-team world championship gold medals in table tennis ever won by USSR or Russia - in doubles in 1969 with Svetlana Grinberg.
She also won four English Open titles.
Zoja Rudnova died on 12 March 2014, at the age of 67.
See also
List of table tennis players
List of World Table Tennis Championships medalists
References
Soviet table tennis players
Russian female table tennis players
1946 births
2014 deaths
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27363453
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20railway%20stations%20in%20Kent
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List of railway stations in Kent
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This is a list of railway stations in Kent, a county in the South East of England. It includes all railway stations that are part of the National Rail network, and which are currently open and have timetabled train services. Southeastern provides most of these services, with Southern and Thameslink providing the remainder.
The majority of services run into one of the London terminals of Blackfriars, Cannon Street, Charing Cross, London Bridge and Victoria.
Stations
See also
List of railway stations in Dover
List of railway stations in Essex
References
Kent
Railway stations
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16057140
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia%20Workshop
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Columbia Workshop
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Columbia Workshop was a radio series that aired on the Columbia Broadcasting System from 1936 to 1943, returning in 1946–47.
Irving Reis
The series began as the idea of Irving Reis. Reis had begun his radio career as an engineer and developed a fascination with the possibilities of the relatively new medium. His idea was to use experimental modes of narrative to enhance the way a narrative was conveyed over the radio. Reis had isolated attempts to experiment on the radio: Before the Columbia Workshop'''s debut, he had directed at least a few radio dramas. For Reis, the Columbia Workshop was a platform for developing new techniques for presentation on radio as noted in the debut broadcast:
The Columbia Workshop dedicates itself to the purposes of familiarizing you with the story behind radio, both in broadcasting, as well as in aviation, shipping, communication and pathology, and to experiment in new techniques with a hope of discovering or evolving new and better forms of radio presentation, with especial emphasis on radio drama; to encourage and present the work of new writers and artists who may have fresh and vital ideas to contribute.
As a sustaining program, the Workshop served as a symbol to prove to the public (and the Federal Communications Commission) that CBS was concerned with educating and serving the public.
Early shows on the Workshop exemplified Reis's penchant for experimentation through narrative and technical means. The second program, Broadway Evening followed a couple as they meandered down Broadway during an evening. A subsequent show had at least 30 characters functioning within a half-hour drama. Among the technical demonstrations were sound effects, the use of various kinds of microphones to achieve various aural effects and voice impersonators (including sound effects produced by voice).
Reis called upon others to try their hand in writing new or adapting existing material for the experimental nature of the Workshop. Orson Welles did a two-part adaptation of Shakespeare's Hamlet (mentioned along with the Workshop in the fictitious film Me and Orson Welles), as well as a 30-minute condensation of Macbeth. Irwin Shaw contributed one show, and Stephen Vincent Benét adapted several of his short stories. Reis also experimented with readings and dramatizations of poetry, including works by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, John Masefield and Edgar Allan Poe. One of the most notable presentations of Reis's tenure was Archibald MacLeish's original radio play, The Fall of the City. With a cast that included Burgess Meredith, Orson Welles and 300 students, the play was notable for its portrayal of the collapse of a city under an unnamed dictator, a commentary on fascism in Germany and Italy.
Reis recognized music as an important part of radio presentation. As part of CBS's commissioning of five classical composers to write original works for radio, Deems Taylor narrated a concert (November 7, 1936) which demonstrated the possibilities of idiomatic music composition for radio by playing orchestrations of three works by staff arranger Amadeo de Fillipi.
Among the most significant musical contributions Reis made was appointing Bernard Herrmann music director of the Workshop. Herrmann had previously worked on CBS primarily as a conductor. He had composed his first radio drama for the Workshop, but it was only after his second program, Rhythm of the Jute Mill (broadcast December 12, 1936) that the appointment was made. Thereafter Herrmann composed many radio shows himself, also conducting the music of others and even proposing a show entirely devoted to music composed for the Workshop.
Other significant musical contributions during Reis's directorship include Paul Sterrett's and Leith Stevens's score for a two-part presentation of Alice in Wonderland in which music took the place of all sound effects, and Marc Blitzstein's half-hour musical I've Got the Tune, which similarly tried to convey sound effects and long-distance travel through purely musical means.
William N. Robson
On the broadcast of December 23, 1937 (the first of a two-part dramatization of Lewis Carroll's Alice Through the Looking Glass), it was announced that William N. Robson had succeeded Irving Reis as director of the Columbia Workshop. Reis moved to Hollywood and continued his career in the film industry. Though the Workshop continued some experimentation, Robson placed greater emphasis on good dramatic adaptations, rather than didactic explanations of radio techniques.
Robson was not averse to experimentation. His San Quentin Prison Break, originally broadcast prior to the Workshop on January 16, 1935 was based on an actual incident. To achieve a sense of realism, the dramatization was a combination news report or documentary. Unlike most radio dramas, there was no narrator involved. This was later rebroadcast as part of the Workshop on September 10, 1936.
Under Robson's aegis, the Workshop was able to broadcast a number of notable shows. Known more as a film director, Pare Lorentz wrote and directed Ecce Homo, a story concerning the relationship of man and technology. Both Irwin Shaw and Archibald MacLeish were invited back to write and direct shows as they had done under Reis's leadership. The Workshop extended its experimental mode by preceding the new MacLeish play, Air Raid with a broadcast of its rehearsal. Stephen Vincent Benèt continued to write for the Workshop, and author Wilbur Daniel Steele made his own adaptations of his previously written short stories. Arch Oboler, known for Lights Out! series, contributed one script, as did Thornton Wilder and budding writer Arthur Laurents.
At times, Robson reached beyond the typical crop of radio authors, selecting at least one script (Anita Fairgrieve's Andrea del Sarto), from his class in radio writing at New York University as well as soliciting scripts on the air from the listening audience.
With Bernard Herrmann continuing as music director, Robson (probably at Herrmann's insistence) included a few extended musical works and opera on the Workshop. Frederick Delius's Hassan, and two operas by Vittorio Giannini, Beauty and the Beast and Blennerhasset, were among those heard. Robson apparently stepped down sometime in mid-1939, after which the Workshop was somewhat adrift. Brewster Morgan and Earle McGill are credited as being those responsible for continuing the series.
Norman Corwin
Norman Corwin had been a rising star at CBS for a few years, and had even some of his work aired on the Workshop as early as 1938, when his adaptation of Stephen Crane's The Red Badge of Courage aired. But his sense of social justice again changed the direction of the Workshop into one frequently addressing current issues. By the fall 1940, Corwin was leading the Workshop, and in 1941, the series was giving the subtitle 26 by Corwin, attesting to the author's seemingly indefatigable energy. Given Corwin's strong interest in issues of the day, it is ironic he left the Workshop just one month prior to the bombing of Pearl Harbor.
Final years
It is not entirely clear who led the Columbia Workshop during 1942, but interest in the program was clearly waning. There were a few significant programs (historically the most interesting of them is probably the airing of John Cage's and Kenneth Patchen's The City Wears a Slouch Hat). There are only a few references to shows in 1943. The show had a revival in the 1946–47 season. When it was revived in 1956, it was retitled the CBS Radio Workshop.
Radio techniques
The Columbia Workshop gave authors, directors, sound engineers and composers many opportunities to experiment with the use of sound as a device for enhancing narrative.
Sound filters Buck Rogers was broadcast from a 21st-floor studio that had been troubled with air conditioning noises. At a bend in a duct the air gave a whoosh that had been difficult to dampen. Later, when it became necessary to suggest a rocket traveling through outer space, someone remembered the duct and put a microphone in the bend. Whenever Buck Rogers was on the move, the microphone was opened, producing the sound of a spaceship. This was the first development in sound filters.
Filters developed upon the need for radio directors to find a way to portray a voice over the telephone. The filters were generally small boxes through which a microphone circuit could be shunted. The box had dials on its surface. Its inner mechanism could remove upper or lower tones or a combination of them to give an incomplete reproduction, as given by a telephone. The dials allowed the engineer to vary the effect, creating varieties of incompleteness. It became common for radio personnel to play around with the filters to find new sounds, and then having radio shows based upon their discoveries.
Staff
Many of the staff who worked on the Columbia Workshop would continue with CBS and work for television.
Bernard Herrmann, composer
Earle McGill, writer, director
Irving Reis, writer, director
William N. Robson, writer, director
Leith Stevens, composer
Guy Della-Cioppa, writer
Award
The Columbia Workshop received a 1946 Peabody Award for Outstanding Entertainment in Drama.
List of Columbia Workshop programs
This is a list of all the Columbia Workshop'' programs, giving known information about authors, adaptors, directors/producers, composers. Occasional remarks have been included. Gaps in dates usually refer to programs that were pre-empted. Information for the years 1942–43 is difficult to come by.
Sources
References
Listen to
Columbia Workshop: "Meridian 7-1212" (rebroadcast of August 24, 1939)
External links
The Definitive: Columbia Workshop
Jerry Haendiges Vintage Radio Logs: Columbia Workshop
American radio dramas
1930s American radio programs
1940s American radio programs
1950s American radio programs
CBS Radio programs
Peabody Award-winning radio programs
1936 radio programme debuts
1943 radio programme endings
1946 radio programme debuts
1947 radio programme endings
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraguayan%20Legion
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Paraguayan Legion
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Paraguayan Legion (spanish: Legión Paraguaya) was a military unit led by colonel Juan Francisco Decoud and Fernando Iturburu that was formed in Argentina during the Paraguayan War and consisted mainly of Paraguayan exiles and opponents of Francisco Solano López regime. Due to mistrust between the allied Argentina and Brazil, the Legion never developed into a strong fighting unit, as Brazilians distrusted this unit created by Argentina. They started fighting only in March 1869 but under Paraguayan flag.
Legionnaires dominated the political scene during the Liberal period of the first post-war years. The first Provisional government, the Triumvirate of 1869 included two Legionnaires José Díaz de Bedoya and Carlos Loizaga.
Politically legionnaires quickly split into Decoud faction and Bareiro faction. Decoud faction was involved in the formation of Liberal Party in 1887. The former Lopez supporters and nationalists who in 1887 established the Colorado Party, used this to portray Liberals as a product of traitors, despite the fact, that many signers of the Colorado 1887 founding manifesto were former legionnaires as well.
References
History of Paraguay
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon%20Roberts%20%28footballer%29
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Gordon Roberts (footballer)
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Douglas Gordon Roberts (30 May 1925 – October 1991) was an English professional footballer who made 113 appearances in the Football League playing as an outside forward for Northampton Town, Brighton & Hove Albion and Accrington Stanley.
Roberts was born in Foleshill, Warwickshire, in 1925. He worked for many years as a draughtsman for British Timken at Duston, Northamptonshire. He died in Northampton in 1991 at the age of 66.
References
1925 births
1991 deaths
Footballers from Coventry
English footballers
Association football outside forwards
Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. players
Northampton Town F.C. players
Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. players
Accrington Stanley F.C. (1891) players
Rugby Town F.C. players
Cheltenham Town F.C. players
English Football League players
Southern Football League players
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13007
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geelong%20Football%20Club
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Geelong Football Club
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The Geelong Football Club, nicknamed the Cats, is a professional Australian rules football club based in Geelong, Victoria, Australia. The club competes in the Australian Football League (AFL), the sport's premier competition.
The club formed in 1859, making it the second oldest club in the AFL after Melbourne and one of the oldest football clubs in the world. In the 1860s, Geelong participated in a series of Challenge Cup competitions, and was a foundation member of both the Victorian Football Association (VFA) in 1877 and the Victorian Football League (VFL) in 1897, now the national AFL. The club won a then-record seven VFA premierships and a further six VFL premierships by 1963, after which it experienced a 44-year waiting period until it won its next premiership—a grand final-record 119-point victory in the 2007 AFL Grand Final. Geelong won a further two premierships in 2009 and 2011.
Geelong play most of their home games at Kardinia Park (known for sponsorship reasons as GMHBA Stadium) and play the remainder at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. Geelong's traditional guernsey colours are navy blue and white hoops. The club's nickname was first used in 1923 after a run of losses prompted a local cartoonist to suggest that the club needed a black cat to bring it good luck. Geelong also field teams in other competitions; a reserves men's team in the Victorian Football League (VFL), a senior women's team in the AFL Women's (AFLW) and a reserves women's team in the VFL Women's (VFLW) competitions. The club's official team song and anthem is "We Are Geelong".
History
The history of the Geelong Football Club, began in 1859 in the city of Geelong, Australia, is significant as the club is the second oldest AFL club, is believed to be the fourth oldest football club in Australia and one of the oldest in the world and one of the most successful. Initially playing under its own rules, some of which, notably, were permanently introduced into Australian Football. It adopted the Laws of Australian Football in the early 1860s after a series of compromises with the Melbourne Football Club.
Geelong went on to play for most of its existence in the premier competitions, the first competition, the Caledonian Society Cup, a foundation club of both the Victorian Football Association (VFA) in 1877 and the Victorian Football League (VFL) in 1897., VFL and continues in the elite Australian Football League (AFL). The Cats have been the VFL/AFL premiers nine times, with three in the AFL era (since 1990) to be the joint third most successful club over that period. They have also won nine McClelland Trophies, the most of any AFL/VFL club.
Many of the club's official records before 1920 have disappeared.
Club identity and culture
Guernseys
Geelong's traditional navy blue and white hooped guernsey has been worn since the club's inception in the mid-1800s. The design is said to represent the white seagulls and blue water of Corio Bay.
The team has worn various away guernseys since 1998, all featuring the club's logo and traditional colours.
Moniker
Geelong has been nicknamed the 'Cats' since 1923. A run of losses prompted a local cartoonist to suggest that the club needed a black cat to bring it good luck.
Song: "We Are Geelong"
"We Are Geelong" is the song sung after a game won by the Geelong Football Club. It is sung to the tune of "Toreador" from Carmen. The lyrics were written by former premiership player John Watts. Only the first verse is used at matches and by the team after a victory. The song currently used by the club was recorded by the Fable Singers in April 1972.
We are Geelong, the greatest team of all
We are Geelong; we’re always on the ball
We play the game as it should be played
At home or far away
Our banners fly high, from dawn to dark
Down at Kardinia Park
So! Stand up and fight, remember our tradition
Stand up and fight, it's always our ambition
Throughout the game to fight with all our might
Because we’re the mighty blue and white
And when the ball is bounced, to the final bell
Stand up and fight like hell
Stadium and training facilities
Geelong's administrative headquarters is its home stadium, GMHBA Stadium or also known as Kardinia Park. The club trains here during the season, however it also trains at its alternate training venue, Deakin University's Elite Sport Precinct. The latter features an MCG-sized oval and is used often by the club in the pre-season, when Kardinia Park is being used for other events.
Rivalries
Hawthorn
The rivalry between Hawthorn and Geelong is defined by two Grand Finals: those of 1989 and 2008. In the 1989 Grand Final, Geelong played the man, resulting in major injuries for several Hawks players, Mark Yeates knocking out Dermott Brereton at the opening bounce; Hawthorn controlled the game, leading by approximately 40 points for most of the match; in the last quarter, Geelong almost managed to come from behind to win, but fell short by six points. In 2008 Grand Final, Geelong was the heavily backed favourite and had lost only one match for the season, but Hawthorn upset Geelong by 26 points; Geelong won its next eleven matches against Hawthorn over the following five years, under a curse, which was dubbed the "Kennett curse" which was attributed to disrespectful comments made by Hawthorn president Jeff Kennett following the 2008 Grand Final. It was later revealed that after the 2008 grand final, Paul Chapman initiated a pact between other Geelong players to never lose to Hawthorn again. The curse was broken in a preliminary final in 2013, after Paul Chapman played his final match for Geelong the previous week. Hawthorn went on to win the next three premierships. In 2016 Geelong again defeated Hawthorn in the qualifying final. In 20 matches between the two sides between 2008 and 2017, 12 were decided by less than 10 points, with Geelong victorious in 11 of those 12 close games.
Collingwood
In 1925, Geelong won their first flag over Collingwood. In 1930, Collingwood defeated Geelong in the grand final making it four flags in-a-row for the Pies. Geelong would later deny Collingwood three successive premierships in 1937, winning a famous grand final by 32 points.
The two sides played against each other in 6 finals between 1951 and 1955, including the 1952 Grand Final when Geelong easily beat Collingwood by 46 points. In 1953, Collingwood ended Geelong's record 23-game winning streak in the home and away season, and later defeated them by 12 points in the grand final, denying the Cats a third successive premiership.
Since 2007, the clubs have again both been at the top of the ladder and have met regularly in finals. Geelong won a memorable preliminary final by five points on their way to their first flag in 44 years. In 2008, Collingwood inflicted Geelong's only home-and-away loss, by a massive 86 points, but the teams did not meet in the finals. They would meet in preliminary finals in 2009 and 2010, each winning one en route to a premiership. They finally met again in a Grand Final in 2011, which Geelong won by 38 points; Geelong inflicted Collingwood's only three losses for the 2011 season.
Corporate
Sponsorship
Supporter base
Players and staff
Current playing list and coaches
Officials
President: Craig Drummond
Vice President: Bob Gartland
Chief Executive Officer: Steve Hocking
General Manager – Football: Simon Lloyd
Club records
Premierships and awards
Win-loss record
Statistics are correct to end of 2019 season
Match records
Reserves team
The Geelong reserves team began competing in the VFL Reserves competition with the league's other reserves teams from 1919. From 1919 to 1991 the VFL/AFL operated a reserves competition, and from 1992 to 1999 a de facto AFL reserves competition was run by the Victorian State Football League. The Geelong Football Club fielded a reserves team in both of these competitions, allowing players who were not selected for the senior team to play for Geelong in the lower grade. During that time, the Geelong reserves team won thirteen premierships (1923, 1924, 1930, 1937, 1938, 1948, 1960, 1963, 1964, 1975, 1980, 1981, 1982), the most of any club.
Since the demise of the AFL reserves competition, the Geelong reserves team has competed in the new Victorian Football League, having won three premierships in that time. Unlike all other Victorian AFL clubs, Geelong has never operated in a reserves affiliation with an existing VFL club, having instead operated its stand-alone reserves team continuously. The team is composed of both reserves players from the club's primary and rookie AFL lists, and a separately maintained list of players eligible only for VFL matches. Home games are played at GMHBA Stadium, with some played as curtain-raisers to senior AFL matches.
Premierships (3): 2002, 2007, 2012
Runners-ups (2): 2006, 2013
Minor premierships (2): 2002, 2013
Wooden spoons (1): 2005
AFL Women's team
In 2017, following the inaugural AFL Women's (AFLW) season, Geelong was among eight clubs that applied for licenses to enter the competition from 2019 onwards. In September 2017, the club was announced as one of two clubs, along with , to receive a license to join the competition in 2019. The club has also had a team in the second-tier VFL Women's league since 2017.
AFLW season summaries
^ Denotes the ladder was split into two conferences. Figure refers to the club's overall finishing position in the home-and-away season.
VFLW season summaries
† In 2019, the team captaincy rotated through the following 5 players: Kate Darby, Danielle Higgins, Jordan Ivey, Maddy Keryk, Amy McDonald.
Sources: Club historical data and VFLW stats
See also
Sport in Australia
Sport in Victoria
List of Geelong Football Club players, captains and coaches
1963 Miracle Match
Notes
Footnotes
References
Bibliography
External links
Official website of the Geelong Football Club
Official AFL website
Geelong Football Club Honour Roll – list of all Presidents, captains, coaches and Best & Fairest winners since 1879.
Australian rules football clubs established in 1859
Australian Football League clubs
AFL Women's clubs
Australian rules football clubs in Victoria (Australia)
1859 establishments in Australia
Former Victorian Football League clubs
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34938050
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chittaranjan%20College
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Chittaranjan College
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Chittaranjan College, established in 1967, is an undergraduate college in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. It is affiliated with the University of Calcutta.
Departments
Arts and Commerce
Education
Bengali
English
Hindi
History
Political Science
Philosophy
Commerce
Accreditation
Chittaranjan College is recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC).
See also
List of colleges affiliated to the University of Calcutta
Education in India
Education in West Bengal
References
External links
Chittaranjan College
Educational institutions established in 1967
University of Calcutta affiliates
Universities and colleges in Kolkata
1967 establishments in West Bengal
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3655944
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YRM
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YRM
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YRM, or yrm, may refer to:
Yorke Rosenberg Mardall, a British architectural firm
YRM, the IATA code for Rocky Mountain House Airport in Alberta, Canada
yrm, the ISO 639-3 code for the Yirrk-Thangalkl dialect, spoken on the Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia
YRM, the National Rail code for Yarm railway station in North Yorkshire, UK
See also
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65277729
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rak%20Island
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Rak Island
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Rak Island (, ) is the rocky island 615 m long in west–east direction and 200 m wide in the Vedel Islands group of Wilhelm Archipelago in the Antarctic Peninsula region. Its surface area is 6.87 ha.
The feature is so named because of its shape supposedly resembling a crab (‘rak' in Bulgarian), and in association with other descriptive names of islands in the area.
Location
Rak Island is located at , which is 5.25 km west-northwest of Hovgaard Island, 652 m west-northwest of Kostenurka Island, 245 m northeast of Bager Island and 805 m west-southwest of Lapa Island. British mapping in 2001.
Maps
British Admiralty Nautical Chart 446 Anvers Island to Renaud Island. Scale 1:150000. Admiralty, UK Hydrographic Office, 2001
Brabant Island to Argentine Islands. Scale 1:250000 topographic map. British Antarctic Survey, 2008
Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated
See also
List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands
Notes
References
Rak Island. SCAR Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica
Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)
External links
Rak Island. Adjusted Copernix satellite image
Islands of the Wilhelm Archipelago
Bulgaria and the Antarctic
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24938595
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund%20Smyth
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Edmund Smyth
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William Edmund Smyth (1858–1950) was an Anglican bishop in the last decade of the nineteenth century and the first two of the twentieth.
Biography
He was educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge. Made a deacon in 1882 at Ely Cathedral and ordained priest in 1883 also at Ely his first posts were curacies at St Mary the Less, Cambridge and St Peter's, London Docks. Next he was chaplain to Douglas MacKenzie, Bishop of Zululand. From 1889 to 1892 he was a Missionary and Theological Tutor at Isandhlwana before elevation to the episcopate as the first Bishop of Lebombo. He was consecrated a bishop on 5 November 1893 in Grahamstown Cathedral, by the Bishops of Cape Town, of Bloemfontein, of Grahamstown, of Pretoria, of St John's, of Kaffraria and of Zululand. Retiring as bishop in 1912, he was warden of the Anglican Hostel at the South African Native College, now the University of Fort Hare until retirement in 1932.
Notes and references
External links
Open Library
St Peter's, London Docks
1858 births
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of King's College, Cambridge
English Anglican missionaries
Anglican bishops of Lebombo
1950 deaths
Anglican missionaries in South Africa
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28228079
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar%20Hassan%20%28skateboarder%29
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Omar Hassan (skateboarder)
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Omar Hassan is a professional skateboarder from Costa Mesa, California. He has competed in numerous competitions, including the X Games.
He is sponsored by PRO-TEC, Black Label, Independent Trucks, Vans, Quiksilver, Ford, and Black Flys.
References
American skateboarders
X Games athletes
Living people
American people of Lebanese descent
Year of birth missing (living people)
People from Costa Mesa, California
Sportspeople from Orange County, California
Sportspeople of Lebanese descent
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23936616
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%20Ward%2C%206th%20Viscount%20Bangor
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Maxwell Ward, 6th Viscount Bangor
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Maxwell Richard Crosbie Ward, 6th Viscount Bangor (4 May 1868 – 17 November 1950), was an Irish peer and politician.
Early life and education
Ward was born to Henry Ward, 5th Viscount Bangor, and his first wife, scientific illustrator Mary Ward, who died in the world's first motoring accident.
He was educated at Harrow School and the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich.
Military service
Ward was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Royal Artillery on 23 July 1887, and promoted to lieutenant on 23 July 1890. He was promoted to captain on 1 April 1898, appointed divisional adjutant in February 1900, and Instructor at the School of Gunnery on 10 October 1900. Promotion to major came in 1906. After his father's death in 1911, he succeeded to the title of Viscount Bangor. He retired from active duty in 1912 and commanded the Antrim Royal Garrison Reserve Artillery. He was recommissioned in 1914 after the start of the First World War. He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 1919 New Year Honours.
Political career
He was a representative peer in the House of Lords from 1913 to 1950 and an Ulster Unionist member of the Senate of Northern Ireland from 1921 until his death in 1950. He was Deputy Leader of the Senate and Parliamentary Secretary in the Department of the Prime Minister from 1929 to 1930 before serving as Speaker of the Senate from 1930 to 1950.
Family
Ward married, in 1905, Agnes Elizabeth (née Hamilton), with whom he had one son and three daughters. He was succeeded by his son Edward Ward, a journalist who made his name as a BBC foreign correspondent.
He died at his home, Castle Ward, at the age of 82.
References
1868 births
1950 deaths
Ulster Unionist Party members of the Senate of Northern Ireland
Members of the Privy Council of Northern Ireland
Members of the Senate of Northern Ireland 1921–1925
Members of the Senate of Northern Ireland 1925–1929
Members of the Senate of Northern Ireland 1929–1933
Members of the Senate of Northern Ireland 1933–1937
Members of the Senate of Northern Ireland 1937–1941
Members of the Senate of Northern Ireland 1941–1945
Members of the Senate of Northern Ireland 1945–1949
Members of the Senate of Northern Ireland 1949–1953
Northern Ireland junior government ministers (Parliament of Northern Ireland)
Irish representative peers
People educated at Harrow School
Graduates of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich
Royal Artillery officers
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Maxwell
Maxwell
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63651204
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dexys%20Midnight%20Runners%20discography
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Dexys Midnight Runners discography
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This is the discography of British pop rock band Dexys Midnight Runners, currently known officially as Dexys.
Albums
Studio albums
Live albums
Compilation albums
Video albums
Singles
References
Discographies of British artists
Pop music group discographies
Rock music group discographies
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18484924
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiscoy%20Creek
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Wiscoy Creek
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Wiscoy Creek is a stream, approximately long, in western New York in the United States. It is a tributary of the Genesee River. The creek was known to Native Americans as O-wa-is-ki, meaning "under the banks".
Course
The Wiscoy rises in the Town of Eagle in Wyoming County. In the hamlet of Bliss the creek is joined by its North Branch, which flows south from its source in the Town of Wethersfield. From there, the creek flows southeast through the village of Pike, and is joined by East Koy Creek shortly before joining the Genesee River in the town of Hume in northern Allegany County.
Trout fishing
Nursed by cold springs, the water temperature in this stream rarely exceeds , enabling the Wiscoy to provide good trout fishing all season long. The stream is managed almost exclusively as a wild trout fishery; the only stretch that is stocked is a section in Allegany County.
A 2006 New York State Department of Environmental Conservation survey estimated 1,600 adult wild brown trout per stream mile in the Wyoming County section of Wiscoy Creek. The stream typically does not produce large trout due to the high number of fish overall, however a fish was reported during the survey. Angler access to the stream is facilitated by of public fishing easements, 12 angler footpaths and three angler parking areas. Other areas are open by landowner permission.
See also
List of rivers of New York
References
Rivers of New York (state)
Rivers of Wyoming County, New York
Rivers of Allegany County, New York
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65124612
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mart%C3%AD%20Pujol
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Martí Pujol
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Martí Pujol i Planas (1859-1926) was a Spanish landowner and politician, who was mayor of Badalona twice, from 1906 to 1910 and from 1912 to 1913.
Born in 1859 in the village of Badalona. He was an important landowner whose lands were next to stream of Canyet, in the current neighbourhood of Bufalà. His manor house was known as Can Martinet Pujol. He was one of the founders of the Foment de l'Agricultura in 1884, a local agrarian association appeared during the plague of the phylloxera which seriously affected and destructed many vineyards.
He participated in local politics, as a catalanist and militant of the Regionalist League of Catalonia. In 1892 he was representative for Badalona in the assembly that wrote Bases de Manresa. After a political and administrative period of chaos in the city council because of caciquism, in 1905 he was elected councilor along other members of their political candidacy formed in 1899, linked to a catalanist local center named Gent Nova. He was mayor from 1906 to 1910. During his term were created different public institutions like Casa Empar for orphans, or a School of Agriculture, Arts and Jobs. There were also urbanistic reforms, the most important was the urbanization of the Canyet stream, for which he ceded an important amount of land. Pujol was very popular among citizens and become again mayor of the city from 1912 to 1913.
He died in Badalona in 1926 and was buried in the current old cemetery of Badalona. After his death, on 29 October 1930 the City Council named the avenue that covered all the stream of Canyet with his name as an act of homage for the cession of terrains to urbanise the street.
References
1859 births
1926 deaths
Mayors of Badalona
People from Badalona
Regionalist League of Catalonia politicians
Spanish landowners
20th-century Spanish politicians
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14956640
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skateball
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Skateball
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Skateball is a video game developed by Ubi Soft. It features a violent futuristic sports game part ice skating, part soccer. It was released in 1989 for the Amstrad CPC and GX4000, Atari ST, Commodore 64 and ZX Spectrum.
In 1990, Ubi Soft re-issued the game with a new title: Skate Wars. This title was also used by Ocean Software for the 1992 budget release on their Hit Squad label.
Gameplay
A Skateball match is played by two teams on an ice court with steel walls and ball. There are several different courts with holes and other lethal obstacles. The game lacks any rules and any kind of contact is allowed.
The game can be played by one or two players. Each team has three players, one of them a goalkeeper. The object of the game is to score five goals or kill the three players of the opposite team.
References
External links
Skateball at games.db.com
1989 video games
1990 video games
Amiga games
Atari ST games
ZX Spectrum games
Commodore 64 games
Amstrad CPC games
Amstrad GX4000 games
Fantasy sports video games
Ubisoft games
Europe-exclusive video games
Video games developed in France
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61464115
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan%20Moore%20%28gymnast%29
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Joan Moore (gymnast)
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Joan Moore (born August 14, 1954) is an American gymnast. She competed in six events at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1954 births
Living people
American female artistic gymnasts
Olympic gymnasts of the United States
Gymnasts at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Gymnasts from Philadelphia
21st-century American women
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59507838
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graforreia%20Xilarm%C3%B4nica
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Graforreia Xilarmônica
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Graforreia Xilarmônica is a Brazilian Prêmio Açorianos-winning rock group from Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. Famous for their humorous, unpretentious lyrics and for their sonority influenced by 1960s-era bands, the Jovem Guarda movement and traditional gaúcho music, they amassed a strong cult following throughout the 1980s and 1990s which lasts to the present day.
History
Graforreia Xilarmônica was founded in 1987 by Carlo Pianta, brothers Alexandre and Marcelo Birck, and Frank Jorge. All four had previous experiences with music: Pianta was a founding member of experimental rock group DeFalla, and the Birck brothers, alongside Jorge (who was also a founding member of Os Cascavelletes), played alongside future TNT guitarist Tchê Gomes in the short-lived project Prisão de Ventre during the early 1980s. (Only one year after the founding of Graforreia Xilarmônica, the Birck brothers had already founded a side project named Aristóteles de Ananias Jr.) According to the band members, their unusual name (very roughly translated to English as "Xylophone[-like] Graphorrhea) was chosen after looking for random words at a dictionary.
In 1988 they released the demo tape Com Amor, Muito Carinho, a massive underground hit which spawned some of their most memorable songs, such as "Empregada", "Amigo Punk", "Fúlvio Silas", "Dênis" and "Colégio Interno", which was included in the soundtrack of the film O Mentiroso, by Werner Schünemann. Years later they signed with Carlos Eduardo Miranda's Banguela Records to release their first full-length album, Coisa de Louco II, in 1995, which was critically acclaimed and quickly sold out. A follow-up, Chapinhas de Ouro, came out in 1998 through Zoon Records and awarded the band a Prêmio Açorianos for Best Album the following year. Soon the band members got occupied with more personal projects though, and Graforreia Xilarmônica split up in early January 2000.
In 2005 the band announced a reunion, and have been playing around Brazil since then. In 2006 they released their first live album, Graforreia Xilarmônica ao Vivo, produced by Alexandre Kassin and Berna Ceppas and released through webzine Senhor F. In 2011 they played at the Morrostock festival in Sapiranga, and celebrated their 25th anniversary in 2012 playing at the Lollapalooza in São Paulo. Later on they released through their Bandcamp page a special EP as a gift for their fans.
The band had their songs "Nunca Diga" and "Eu" covered by alternative rock band Pato Fu. Wander Wildner, formerly a vocalist of Os Replicantes, covered the songs "Empregada" and "Amigo Punk".
Members
Frank Jorge – lead vocals, bass guitar (1987–present)
Carlo Pianta – electric guitar, additional vocals (1987–1989, 1992–present)
Alexandre Birck – drums (1987–present)
Marcelo Birck – electric guitar, additional vocals (1987–1990, 2001, 2011–2015)
Session musicians
Tasso Ferreira – electric guitar (1987)
Eduardo Christ – electric guitar, additional vocals (1996–2000)
Discography
Studio albums
Extended plays
Demos
Live albums
References
External links
Musical groups established in 1987
Musical groups disestablished in 2000
Musical groups reestablished in 2005
1987 establishments in Brazil
2000 disestablishments in Brazil
2005 establishments in Brazil
Musical groups from Porto Alegre
Brazilian pop rock music groups
Comedy rock musical groups
Folk rock groups
Brazilian psychedelic rock music groups
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43062708
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renhe%20Road%20station
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Renhe Road station
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Renhe Road Station (), is a station of Line 4 of Wuhan Metro. It entered revenue service on December 28, 2013. It is located in Hongshan District.
Station layout
Gallery
References
Wuhan Metro stations
Line 4, Wuhan Metro
Railway stations in China opened in 2013
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47082337
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raid%20on%20Paombong
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Raid on Paombong
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The Raid on Paombong was organized and executed on September 3, 1897, between the Philippine revolutionaries led by Captain Gregorio del Pilar on a blitzkrieg attack on the Spanish church and convent in the municipality of Paombong.
Attack
The following day, Sunday, Del Pilar and his men stationed themselves at the Church as soon as the Mass was about to begin. When the men who were dressed in their Sunday best got close to the church doors, they surprised the Spanish troops with a shot to the sentry guarding the convent. Del Pilar himself began shooting at the guards who were about to station to the windows, forcing the Spanish soldiers to leave and abandon their guns. The attack was successfully carried out with the capture of 14 Mauser rifles and other supplies. It is often described as one of the finest assaults during Philippine Revolution. Shortly thereafter, Philippine President Emilio Aguinaldo raised Gregorio del Pilar to the rank of lieutenant colonel.
References
Battles of the Philippine Revolution
History of Bulacan
Battles involving Spain
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53508044
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995%E2%80%9396%20Clydebank%20F.C.%20season
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1995–96 Clydebank F.C. season
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The 1995–96 season was Clydebank's thirtieth season in the Scottish Football League. They competed in the Scottish First Division where they finished 7th. They also competed in the Scottish League Cup, Scottish Challenge Cup and Scottish Cup.
Results
Division 1
Final League table
Scottish League Cup
Scottish Challenge Cup
Scottish Cup
References
Clydebank
Clydebank F.C. (1965) seasons
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9818160
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalmaison
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Chalmaison
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Chalmaison () is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region of north-central France.
Demographics
The inhabitants are called Chalmasonais.
See also
Communes of the Seine-et-Marne department
References
External links
1999 Land Use, from IAURIF (Institute for Urban Planning and Development of the Paris-Île-de-France région)
Communes of Seine-et-Marne
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29132147
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%20Open%20de%20Rennes%20%E2%80%93%20Doubles
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2010 Open de Rennes – Doubles
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Eric Butorac and Lovro Zovko were the defending champions, but decided to not compete together this year.
Butorac partnered with Harsh Mankad and Zovko with Dušan Vemić, but they all lost in the first round (Butorac/Mankad was eliminated by Denis Gremelmayr and Björn Phau, Vemić/Zovko was eliminated by Johan Brunström and Lukáš Rosol).Scott Lipsky and David Martin won the final against Gremelmayr and Phau 6–4, 5–7, [12–10].
Seeds
Draw
Draw
External links
Main Draw
Open de Rennes - Doubles
2010 Doubles
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42308404
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faruk%20Ochimi
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Faruk Ochimi
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Faruk Ochimi (born 19 December 1995) is a Ugandan cricketer. He played for Uganda in the 2014 Cricket World Cup Qualifier tournament.
References
1995 births
Living people
Ugandan cricketers
Cricketers from Kampala
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57308372
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apateticus%20lineolatus
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Apateticus lineolatus
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Apateticus lineolatus is a species of predatory stink bug in the family Pentatomidae. It is found in Central America, North America, and South America.
References
Asopinae
Articles created by Qbugbot
Insects described in 1840
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58107007
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary%20K.%20Nelson
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Gary K. Nelson
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Gary K. Nelson (July 12, 1935 – May 17, 2013) was an American lawyer, politician, and jurist who served as the Attorney General of Arizona from 1968 to 1974. Appointed to the court of appeals, Nelson is the only appellate judge in Arizona history to not be retained by the voters.
Life and career
Nelson was born in La Crosse, Wisconsin in 1935. He attended Arizona State University, receiving his B.S. in 1957. Graduating from ROTC, Nelson then served in the United States Army from 1957 to 1959 in the intelligence service with the rank of captain. He earned his law degree from the University of Arizona in 1962. After graduating law school Nelson served as a law clerk to then-Chief Justice Fred C. Struckmeyer, Jr. He briefing worked in private practice before becoming an assistant attorney general. In 1966, Nelson argued, and lost, the landmark supreme court case Miranda v. Arizona.
Nelson was elected attorney general in 1968. In 1974, he resigned to accept an appointment to the Arizona Court of Appeals. He lost his retention election in 1978. His retention was clouded by "allegations that he took bribes during his service as attorney general and failed to pay income taxes on the alleged payoff money. He was cleared of the accusations after federal and state investigations."
He worked as the Chief Staff Attorney for the Arizona Supreme Court from 1979 until his retirement in 1997. In 1988, Nelson was a finalist for an appointment to the state supreme court, but governor Rose Mofford selected Robert J. Corcoran instead.
Nelson died on May 17, 2013, in Mesa, Arizona at age 77.
Election results
References
1935 births
2013 deaths
Arizona Attorneys General
Arizona Republicans
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32497588
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regjeringskvartalet
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Regjeringskvartalet
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Regjeringskvartalet (the Government Quarter) is a collection of buildings located in the centre of Norway's capital city Oslo, housing several offices for the Norwegian Government. The complex is situated approximately 300m northeast of the Parliament Building, and consists of nine buildings with about 1,960,000 sq f (182,000 m²) of office space for approximately 4,430 people.
History
The current site was originally occupied by a district, named Empirekvartalet for its numerous neoclassical buildings, constructed in Empire style. As early as 1885, plans existed for constructing a governmental district in central Oslo. After numerous attempts were made to finalise plans, the Empirekvartalet was finally razed in the early 1950s. The destruction of the district was widely opposed by many members of the citizenry and conservator authorities. Select wooden buildings were deconstructed and placed in storage and were later re-assembled at other sites in the city.
The new Regjeringskvartalet was subsequently established and constructed in a contemporary modernist style.
On 22 July 2011, Regjeringskvartalet was the site of a car bombing in connection with the 2011 Norway attacks. Eight people were killed and over 200 others injured, and several buildings were heavily damaged. Following the damage, the decision was taken by the government to demolish and reconstruct the Regjeringskvartalet to meet updated standards for security, working space and environmental regulations.
Overview
Regjeringskvartalet consists of the following buildings:
Akersgata 40 (G-blokken - "The G-Building") from 1905, the first phase of development from the original plan; now the Ministry of Finance.
Akersgata 42 (Regjeringsbygget - "The Cabinet Building" a.k.a. høyblokken - "the highrise") from 1958, designed by Erling Viksjø in the modernist style; until 22 July 2011 the Office of the Prime Minister and the Ministry of Justice and the Police.
Akersgata 44 (Y-blokken - "The Y-Building"), from 1969, another modernist building by Erling Viksjø; until 22 July 2011 the Ministry of Education and Research.
Akersgata 59 (R5)—departementsgården from 1996 designed by Torstein Ramberg; houses the Ministry of Transport and Communications, the Ministry of Culture, the Ministry of Agriculture and Food, the Ministry of Government Administration, Reform and Church Affairs, the Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development, and the Ministry of Children, Equality and Social Inclusion.
Einar Gerhardsens plass 1 (R4); housed the Ministry of Petroleum and Energy and the Ministry of Trade and Industry.
Einar Gerhardsens plass 3 and Møllergata 19 (S-block); housed the Ministry of Health and Care Services and the Ministry of Labour.
The Government Administration Services, centred in Møllergata 19, provides administrative services to other Government departments. Statsbygg manages the buildings on behalf of the Norwegian state, and is responsible for running and maintaining Regjeringskvartalet.
At Teatergata 9, a new building, R6, was completed in 2012. The 16 story building houses the Ministry of Health and Care Services and the Ministry of Agriculture and Food.
Art
Between the late 1950s and the early 1970s, artist Pablo Picasso made sketches for his first five monumental concrete murals to be executed on the buildings’ interiors and exteriors. The largest, The Fisherman (1970) is still in Akersgata (as of the 4th quarter of 2020); it is standing in a temporary edifice, and some of the mural's surface can be seen thru the edifice's windows; the mural was removed from the façade of Y-block, in July 2020. Norwegian artists Inger Sitter, Kai Fjell and Carl Nesjar, among others, also made works for the buildings. When the government considered whether to demolish the buildings after the 2011 attacks, the Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage expressed its fears that Picasso’s murals for two of them might be destroyed in the process.
References
External links
Buildings and structures in Oslo
2011 Norway attacks
Office buildings in Norway
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32467017
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beth%20Soll
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Beth Soll
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Beth Soll is an American dancer. She began training with Romanian modern dancers Iris Barbura and Vergiu Cornea and then continued studying in the European tradition at Essen Volkwangschule, and at the Kreutzbergschule in Switzerland. She received a degree in modern dance from the University of Wisconsin.
Since then she has taught at University of Wisconsin, the Boston Conservatory, Boston University, UC Santa Barbara, Hofstra University, the New School and Manhattanville College. She directed the Dance Program at MIT for 20 years.
She has performed with many dance companies in America and has collaborated with several independent choreographers including Bill Evans, Ze’eva Cohen, Martha Gray, Rosalind Newman, Wendy Perron and Mel Wong.
In 1979 she founded her own company called Dance Projects, Inc./Beth Soll & Company in Boston, Massachusetts. The company remained in Boston until it moved to New York City in 2000. The company has presented the work of choreographers such as Bill Evans, Fiona Marcotty, Wendy Perron and Pamela Raff. Beth Soll has also collaborated with various composers such as Robert Aldridge, Richard Cornell, John Funkhouser and Dennis Miller. She has also collaborated with artists such as Ed Andrews, Liese Bronfenbrenner, Mira Cantor, Katherine Finkelpearl and Nancy Hotchkiss. The company has presented a new work each year since 2001 including most recently Lament, Kvetch… and Romp!(2009) and Restless Geometry (2010). Much of her work focuses on coded gestures that depict a personal narrative, without explicit references. Beth Soll has received many Choreography Fellowships and Dance Company Grants from the National Endowment for the Arts for work with her company. In 1993 she won an Eliot Norton Award for her work as a dancer, choreographer and teacher.
References
External links
Beth Soll & Company Records, circa 1959-2015, Houghton Library, Harvard University.
Archival footage of Beth Soll and Company performing A Shaker Dance in 1988 at Jacob's Pillow
Living people
American female dancers
Dancers from Massachusetts
Year of birth missing (living people)
Artists from Boston
Modern dance
American choreographers
Manhattanville College faculty
American women academics
21st-century American women
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermind%20%28novel%29
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Supermind (novel)
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Supermind is a science fiction novel by A. E. van Vogt first published in complete form in 1977 by publisher DAW Books. It is a fix-up of three earlier short stories published separately, "Asylum", "The Proxy Intelligence" and "Research Alpha".
Plot
As with many van Vogt works, the novel uses a psychological element, in this case Intelligence Quotient or IQ. The novel shows various alien races whose social roles within the galaxy are based upon their IQ. The story also includes the concept that at certain IQ levels various effects become manifest. For instance, at IQs in the thousands, individuals gain complete control over their body, allowing them to move at extreme speeds.
The book has three distinct sections, corresponding to the three original stories.
In the first section, two fugitive members of the Dreegh race arrive on Earth. They are vampires and set up an underground base where they plan to call on the other Dreegh to invade Earth and use humanity as food. The two are concerned that a famous doctor living on Europa, Ungard, is actually a member of the galactic civilization that is tasked with protecting lesser races like humanity. Using their mental powers, they take control of a reporter, Bill Leigh, and send him to track down the doctor and his daughter. During the mission, Leigh "awakes" to find he is actually a member of the Great Galactics, a race formerly believed to have left the material realm. He easily kills the Dreegh.
In the second section, another Dreegh arrives at Europa and takes the Ungards hostage, along with Hanardy, the captain of a freighter that makes the Earth-Europa run. Several other Dreegh arrive and they begin harvesting blood from the Europan public. Hanardy also turns out to be a supermind, this time a human boosted by Research Alpha. Using his mental powers, he propels the Dreegh thousands of light-years into space.
The third section takes place at Research Alpha, where one of the researchers is experimenting with a serum to rewrite human genetic code to create superminds. It follows a secretary as she undergoes two treatments, eventually reaching IQ 10,000 and gaining omniscience. The scientists at Research Alpha, members of the galactic civilization, become concerned with her power as it now outstrips their own. She is lured back to the lab where she is told her role is to marry Bill Leigh and recreate the Great Galactics.
References
External links
http://www.andrew-may.com/asf/fixup.htm
http://brianbookreviews.blogspot.com/2011/10/supermind-by-ae-van-vogt.html
1977 Canadian novels
1977 science fiction novels
Novels by A. E. van Vogt
DAW Books books
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1414962
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative%20news%20agency
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Alternative news agency
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An alternative news agency (or alternative news service) operates in a similar fashion to a commercial news agency, but defines itself as an alternative to commercial or "mainstream" operations. They span the political spectrum, but most frequently are progressive or radical left. Sometimes they combine the services of a news agency and a news syndicate. Among the primary clients are alternative weekly newspapers.
Examples
Active
The International Human Press
All Headline News
Alternet
AltWeeklies.com
Choike.org (North/South issues)
College Press Service (in its commercial incarnation)
Compass Direct
Inter Press Service (North/South issues)
Mathaba News Agency
Openreporter
Pacific Free Press
Pressat
Pacific News Service
Syndicated News
Scoop Analytics
The Reggae News Agency
Defunct
Associated Negro Press (1919–1964)
Atlantic Free Press
Liberation News Service Splintered off from College Press Service.
New Liberation News Service
Underground Press Service renamed Alternative Press Syndicate|Alternative Press Service
College Press Service (student-run - in Washington, D.C. project of the United States Student Press Association)
College Press Service (transformed into independent collective - in Denver)
Alternative Press Features
Community Press Features Founded c. 1971
FPS Founded c. 1971 as a high school student news service with a sanitized name: "Free Public Schools."
Dispatch News Service- the original outlet to purchase Seymour Hersh's story about the My Lai Massacre during the Vietnam War
People’s Translation Service Founded c. 1972
Zodiac News service Founded c. 1972
Zoo World Newservice Founded c. 1972
Earth News Service Founded c. 1972
Newscript Dispatch Service Renamed from Earth News Service
Tricontinental News Service Founded c. 1973
New York News Service Founded c. 1973 by Rex Weiner and Deanne Stillman
Appalachian News Service Founded c. 1974
Her Say Founded c. 1977 by Marlene Edmunds of Zodiac News Service.
See also
Alternative media
References
Voices from the Underground (Vol. 2): A Directory of Resources and Sources on the Vietnam Era Underground Press. Has article about the Underground Press Syndicate and other period alternative news services.
Alternative press
News agencies
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3829650
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyfrydol
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Hyfrydol
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Hyfrydol (, meaning "delightful, agreeable, pleasing, pleasant, beautiful, fair, fine; sweet, melodious") is a Welsh hymn tune that appears in a number of Christian hymnals in various arrangements. Composed by Rowland Prichard, it was originally published in the composer's handbook to the children's songbook Cyfaill y Cantorion ("The Singers' Friend") in 1844. Prichard composed the tune before he was twenty years old.
Metre and arrangement
Hyfrydol has a metre of 8.7.8.7.D (alternating lines of eight and seven syllables, usually in trochaic feet, other examples of which include Blaenwern and Abbots Leigh).
The best-known arrangement is probably that by Ralph Vaughan Williams, which he originally produced for his revision of the English Hymnal; Vaughan Williams also composed some variations on this theme and it plays an important role as the third of his Prelude on Three Welsh Hymn Tunes (1955) for brass band.
In addition to its use as a hymn tune, Hyfrydol has been arranged for brass bands and other instrumental groups.
Settings
Hyfrydol has been used as a setting for William Chatterton Dix's hymn "Alleluia! Sing to Jesus!", Charles Wesley's "Love Divine, All Loves Excelling" and "Come, Thou Long Expected Jesus", Francis Harold Rowley's "I Will Sing the Wondrous Story" (1886), John Wilbur Chapman's "Our Great Savior (Jesus What A Friend of Sinners)" (1910) and Philip Bliss's "I Will Sing of My Redeemer" (1876), the 1948 LDS hymn "In Humility, Our Savior", included in LDS hymnals in multiple languages, as well as many other hymns from a variety of church traditions.
References
1844 compositions
Hymn tunes
Welsh music
Songs about Jesus
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66646992
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%B1z%C4%B1ltepe%20%28disambiguation%29
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Kızıltepe (disambiguation)
|
Kızıltepe can refer to:
Kızıltepe
Kızıltepe, Ezine
Kızıltepe, Maden
Kızıltepe, Osmancık
Cansel Kiziltepe (born 1975), German politiciam
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38968902
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%20Jos%C3%A9%20y%20San%20Maximiliano%20Kolbe%2C%20Montevideo
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San José y San Maximiliano Kolbe, Montevideo
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The Church of Saint Joseph and Saint Maximilian Kolbe (), popularly known as Iglesia de los Conventuales (due to its history as a former claustration convent), is a Roman Catholic parish church in Montevideo, Uruguay.
History
The temple and its convent were built by French architect Víctor Rabú between 1860 and 1867 for the Order of the Visitation of Holy Mary, whose nuns lived in claustration. The architectural inspiration, mix of Renaissance and Baroque, was taken from the Italian Basilica of Sant'Andrea, Mantua.
For some time the remains of the patriot priest Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga were held here, before being brought to the Cathedral.
The parish was established much later, on 17 February 1966.
Today it is held by the Conventual Franciscans. It is dedicated to Saint Joseph; later it was also dedicated to the Polish martyr St. Maximilian Kolbe, O.F.M. Conv.
References
External links
Pictures of "Conventuales"
Barrio Sur, Montevideo
1966 establishments in Uruguay
Roman Catholic churches completed in 1867
Roman Catholic church buildings in Montevideo
Franciscan churches in Uruguay
Baroque Revival architecture in Uruguay
19th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Uruguay
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26071242
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udupiddy
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Udupiddy
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Udupiddy is a small town in Sri Lanka located south of Valvettithurai within the Northern Province. Uduppiddy has two national schools. They are; Uduppiddy American Mission College and Uduppiddy Girls' College.
See also
List of towns in Northern Province, Sri Lanka
External links
Towns in Jaffna District
Vadamarachchi South West DS Division
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39560169
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%20coronavirus%20HKU1
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Human coronavirus HKU1
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Human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1) is a species of coronavirus in humans and animals. It causes an upper respiratory disease with symptoms of the common cold, but can advance to pneumonia and bronchiolitis. It was first discovered in January 2004 from one man in Hong Kong. Subsequent research revealed it has global distribution and earlier genesis.
The virus is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus which enters its host cell by binding to the N-acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid receptor. It has the Hemagglutinin esterase (HE) gene, which distinguishes it as a member of the genus Betacoronavirus and subgenus Embecovirus.
History
HCoV-HKU1 was first detected in January 2004, in a 71-year-old man who was hospitalized due to acute respiratory distress syndrome and radiographically confirmed bilateral pneumonia. The man had recently returned to Hong Kong from Shenzhen, China.
Virology
Woo and coworkers were unsuccessful in their attempts to grow a HCoV-HKU1 isolate but were able to obtain the complete genomic sequence. Phylogenetic analysis showed that HKU1 is most closely related to the mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), and is distinct in that regard from other known human betacoronaviruses, such as HCoV-OC43.
When the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), spike (S), and nucleocapsid (N) genes were analyzed, incompatible phylogenetic relationships were discovered. Complete genome sequencing of 22 strains of HCoV-HKU1 confirmed this was due to natural recombination. HCoV-HKU1 likely originated from rodents.
HCoV-HKU1 is one of seven known coronaviruses to infect humans. The other six are:
Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E)
Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63)
Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43)
Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV)
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1)
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
The structures of HCoV-HKU1 spike (S) and hemagglutinin esterase (HE) proteins have been resolved by Cryo-EM in 2016 and 2020, respectively. The S protein () has been noted for its large size. The HE protein () differs from conventional ones (such as the one in OC43) by having a much smaller vestigial lectin domain. This domain is shielded from recognition by the immune system via size changes and glycosylation.
Epidemiology
A trace-back analysis of SARS negative nasopharyngeal aspirates from patients with respiratory illness during the SARS period in 2003, identified the presence of CoV-HKU1 RNA in the sample from a 35-year-old woman with pneumonia.
Following the initial reports of the discovery of HCoV-HKU1, the virus was identified that same year in 10 patients in northern Australia. Respiratory samples were collected between May and August (winter in Australia). Investigators found that most of the HCoV-HKU1–positive samples originated from children in the later winter months.
The first known cases in the Western hemisphere were discovered in 2005 after analysing older specimens by clinical virologists at Yale-New Haven Hospital in New Haven, Connecticut who were curious to discover if HCoV-HKU1 was in their area. They conducted a study of specimens collected in a 7-week period (December 2001 – February 2002) in 851 infants and children. Specimens of nine children had human coronavirus HKU1. These children had respiratory tract infections at the time the specimens were collected (in one girl so severe that mechanical ventilation was needed), while testing negative for other causes like Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza viruses (types 1–3), influenza A and B viruses, and adenovirus by direct immunofluorescence assay as well as human metapneumovirus and HCoV-NH by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
The researchers reported that the strains identified in New Haven were similar to the strain found in Hong Kong and suggested a worldwide distribution. These strains found in New Haven is not to be confused with HCoV-NH (New Haven coronavirus), which is a strain of Human coronavirus NL63.
In July 2005, six cases were reported in France. In these cases, French investigators utilized improved techniques for recovering the virus from nasopharyngeal aspirates and from stool samples.
See also
Tylonycteris bat coronavirus HKU4
Rousettus bat coronavirus HKU9
References
External links
Betacoronaviruses
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64802611
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline%20Colman
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Caroline Colman
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Caroline Colman (9 May 1831 - 5 July 1895) was the wife of Jeremiah James Colman, the third member of the third member of the family in charge of the eponymous company Colman's mustard. Caroline Colman had exerted significant influence over the social welfare of the company and later go on to introduce numerous social measures for the employees of Carrow Works, between 1857 and her death in 1895.
Early life
Colman, née Cozens-Hardy, was born to William Hardy and Sarah Cozens of Letheringsett Hall on 9 May 1831. She was the eldest of the family's four sons and five daughters.
Before her marriage, Colman dedicated her time to largely helping within the home and the local village. Colman helped her father write and by the age of 20 she had produced her own articles for two separate Wesleyan magazines. She also dedicated time to leading Bible studies, exchanging books with local villagers and reading to inmates of the workhouse.
Personal life
Caroline Colman became engaged to Jeremiah James Colman on 30 January 1855 with the couple being married on 25 September 1856. The wedding celebrations concluded with a fireworks display for the villagers. Upon returning from their honeymoon, it was decided that the Colman's would take up residence in Carrow House, the same Norfolk village in which Jeremiah James Colman's work was based. Caroline would eventually go on to have a significant influence upon the works of her husband.
Influence at Carrow
Carrow School
In October 1857, Colman opened up a school for the Children of the Carrow Works employees. The school was located in the upper room on King Street and initially taught 22 children in 1857, growing to accommodate 324 children by 1870. Colman oversaw the functioning of the school. In 1859, The Carrow Girls' School was described as 'a picturesque garden in which is a cottage and lofty tower'.
Carrow Works
The Colmans' married life concentrated largely around the operations of J. & J. Colman factory. The company's scattered factory locations between Stoke and Carrow influenced the first six years of their marriage, with Jeremiah James alternating between these locations.
Despite her husband's absence, Caroline was greatly intrigued by the people employed at Carrow Works, which went on to employ over 2,000 people, mostly recruited from the town of Norwich by 1893. Colman routinely cared for aspects of the business that would benefit from a woman's instruction. These included the School and Kitchen departments. In 1868, Colman began a works' kitchen at Carrow, one of her greatest ventures during her life. The works' kitchen provided hot meals to Carrow Works' employees at affordable prices; vegetable stew and a pint of coffee was available to purchase at just 4d. In the kitchens, Colman acted as 'lady superintendent' and particularised the opening of the kitchens at 5:45 am to provide for those employees who undertook long journeys to work. The development of these work kitchens came almost half a century before the introduction and normalization of work canteens.
In 1864, a dispensary was founded on King Street as part of the Colman's group.
Carrow Girls' Home
Colman showed much concern over the loneliness of the single girls employed at Carrow and the 'moral danger surrounding them', leading her to establish a residential home to house the girls. A matron was employed to manage the home. Colman instructed that a calendar was to be published and issued to every worker at Christmas, containing religious passages for every day of the upcoming year. Just as she had cared for her neighbors in her home village, Colman directed the annual distribution of care packages for deprived families.
Death and legacy
Colman's health deteriorated in 1895, and she died on the evening of 5 July that same year, aged 64. Colman was buried in Rosary Cemetery, Norwich. Caroline and Jeremiah James had 6 children: Laura (who married the academic and MP James Stuart), Russell, Ethel (who was the first woman to be Lord Mayor of Norwich), Helen, Alan and Florence (who married the architect Edward Boardman, son of the architect Edward Boardman).
As for her earlier achievements within the education sector, it was not until 1990 that Carrow Works school came under the management of the Education Department. Jeremiah James Colman's business was the first to employ an Industrial Nurse, Philippa Flowerday, in 1878. Flowerday was employed to assist the company's doctor in the dispensary as well as paying home visits to the sick. Flowerday's employment and influence on Carrow Works was likely influenced by Caroline.
References
1831 births
1895 deaths
Social history
Nursing
Teaching
Colman family
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauron
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Sauron
|
Sauron (pronounced ) is the title character and the primary antagonist, through the forging of the One Ring, of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, where he rules the land of Mordor and has the ambition of ruling the whole of Middle-earth. In the same work, he is identified as the "Necromancer" of Tolkien's earlier novel The Hobbit. The Silmarillion describes him as the chief lieutenant of the first Dark Lord, Morgoth. Tolkien noted that the Ainur, the "angelic" powers of his constructed myth, "were capable of many degrees of error and failing", but by far the worst was "the absolute Satanic rebellion and evil of Morgoth and his satellite Sauron". Sauron appears most often as "the Eye", as if disembodied.
Tolkien, while denying that absolute evil could exist, stated that Sauron came as near to a wholly evil will as was possible. Commentators have compared Sauron to the title character of Bram Stoker's 1897 novel Dracula, and to Balor of the Evil Eye in Celtic mythology. Sauron is briefly seen in a humanoid form in Peter Jackson's film trilogy, which otherwise shows him as a disembodied, flaming Eye.
Fictional history
Before the world's creation
The Ainulindalë, the cosmological myth prefixed to The Silmarillion, explains how the supreme being Eru initiated his creation by bringing into being innumerable good, immortal, angelic spirits, the Ainur, including Sauron, one of the lesser Ainur, the Maiar. In his origin, Sauron therefore perceived the Creator directly. He was of a "far higher order" than the Maiar who later came to Middle-earth as the Wizards, such as Gandalf and Saruman. The Vala Melkor (later called Morgoth) rebelled against Eru, breaking the cosmic Music that Eru had used in the world's creation with discord. So began "the evils of the world", which Sauron continued.
Sauron's fall in the First Age
Servant of Aulë
Sauron served Aulë, the smith of the Valar, acquiring much knowledge; he was at first called Mairon ("The Admirable", in Tolkien's invented language of Quenya) until he joined Melkor. In Beleriand, he was called Gorthu "Mist of Fear" and Gorthaur "The Cruel" in Sindarin, another of Tolkien's invented languages. Sauron was drawn to the power of Melkor, who attracted him by seeming to have power to "effect his designs quickly and masterfully", as Sauron hated disorder. Sauron became a spy for Melkor in Almaren. Melkor soon destroyed Almaren, and the Valar moved to the Blessed Realm of Valinor, still not perceiving Sauron's treachery. Sauron left the Blessed Realm and went to Middle-earth, the central continent of Arda, where Melkor had established his stronghold. Sauron openly joined the Valar's enemy, now renamed Morgoth.
Lieutenant of Morgoth
Sauron became Morgoth's capable servant, helping him in all the "deceits of his cunning". By the time Elves awoke in the world, Sauron had become Melkor's lieutenant and was given command over the new stronghold of Angband. The Valar made war on Melkor and captured him, but Sauron escaped. He hid in Middle-earth, repaired Angband, and began breeding Orcs. Melkor escaped back to Middle-earth with the Silmarils. Sauron directed the war against the Elves, conquering the Elvish fortress of Minas Tirith (not to be confused with the later city in Gondor of the same name) on the isle of Tol Sirion in Beleriand. Lúthien and Huan the Wolfhound came to this fallen stronghold to save the imprisoned Beren, Lúthien's lover. Sauron, transformed into a werewolf, battled Huan who took him by the throat; he was defeated and left as a huge vampire bat. Lúthien destroyed the tower and rescued Beren from the dungeons. Eärendil sailed to the Blessed Realm, and the Valar moved against Morgoth in the War of Wrath; he was defeated and cast into the Outer Void beyond the world, but again Sauron escaped. After Morgoth's defeat, Sauron made himself the second Dark Lord.
The Rings of Power in the Second Age
About 500 years into the Second Age, Sauron reappeared, intent on taking over Middle-earth and ruling it as a God-King. To seduce the Elves into his service, Sauron assumed a fair appearance as Annatar, "Lord of Gifts", befriended the Elven-smiths of Eregion, led by Celebrimbor, and counselled them in arts and magic. With Sauron's assistance, the Elven-smiths forged the Rings of Power. He then secretly forged the One Ring, to rule all other rings, in the volcanic Mount Doom in Mordor. The Elves detected his influence when he put on the One Ring, and removed their Rings. Enraged, Sauron initiated a great war and conquered much of the land west of Anduin. Sauron overran Eregion, killed Celebrimbor, and seized the Seven and the Nine Rings of Power. The Three Rings were saved by the Elves, specifically Gil-galad, Círdan, and Galadriel. Sauron besieged Imladris, battled Khazad-dûm and Lothlórien, and pushed further into Gil-galad's realm. The Elves were saved when a powerful army from Númenor arrived to their aid, defeating Sauron's forces and driving the remnant back to Mordor. Sauron fortified Mordor and completed the Dark Tower of Barad-dûr. He distributed the remaining rings of the Seven and the Nine to lords of Dwarves and Men, respectively. Dwarves proved too resilient to bend to his will, but he enslaved Men as the Nazgûl, his most feared servants. Orcs and Trolls became his servants, along with Easterlings and men of Harad.
Downfall of Númenor
Toward the end of the Second Age, Ar-Pharazôn, king of Númenor, led a massive army to Middle-earth. Sauron surrendered, to corrupt Númenor from within. With the One Ring, Sauron soon dominated the Númenóreans. He used his influence to undermine the religion of Númenor, making people worship Melkor with human sacrifice; Sauron was his high priest.
Sauron convinced Ar-Pharazôn to attack Aman by sea to steal immortality from the Valar. The Valar laid down their guardianship of the world and appealed to Eru. Eru destroyed the attacking fleet and armies, but also drowned Númenor, which was removed from the physical world, and destroyed Sauron's body, with his ability to appear beautiful.
War of the Last Alliance
Led by Elendil, nine ships carrying faithful Númenóreans were saved from the Downfall; they founded the kingdoms of Gondor and Arnor in Middle-earth. Sauron returned to Mordor; Mount Doom again erupted. Sauron captured Minas Ithil and destroyed the White Tree; Elendil's son Isildur escaped down the Anduin. Anárion defended Osgiliath and for a time drove Sauron's forces back to the mountains. Isildur and Anárion formed an alliance and defeated Sauron at Dagorlad. They invaded Mordor and laid siege to Barad-dûr for seven years. Finally Sauron came out to fight Elendil and Gil-galad face to face. When Elendil fell, his sword Narsil broke beneath him. Isildur took up the hilt-shard of Narsil and cut the One Ring from Sauron's hand, vanquishing Sauron. Elrond and Círdan, Gil-galad's lieutenants, urged Isildur to destroy the Ring by casting it into Mount Doom, which would have banished Sauron from Middle-earth for ever, but he refused and kept it for his own.
Third Age
Sauron spent a thousand years as a shapeless, dormant evil. A few years after the War of the Last Alliance, Isildur's army was ambushed by Orcs at the Gladden Fields. Isildur put on the Ring and attempted to escape by swimming across Anduin, but the Ring, trying to return to Sauron, slipped from his finger. Isildur was killed by Orc archers.
The Necromancer of Dol Guldur
Sauron concealed himself in the south of Mirkwood as the Necromancer, in the stronghold of Dol Guldur, "Hill of Sorcery". The Valar sent five Maiar as Wizards to oppose the darkness, believing the Necromancer to be a Nazgûl rather than Sauron himself. The chief of the Nazgûl, the Witch-king of Angmar, repeatedly attacked the northern realm of Arnor, destroying it. When attacked by Gondor, the Witch-king retreated to Mordor, gathering the Nazgûl there. The Nazgûl captured Minas Ithil, which was renamed Minas Morgul, and seized its palantír, one of the seven seeing stones brought from Númenor.
Around this time, a Stoorish Hobbit named Déagol found the One Ring in the River Anduin, Déagol's relative Sméagol murdered him in order to get the Ring, and was swiftly corrupted by it, degenerating into the creature Gollum. Banished, he went to hide in the Misty Mountains.
The White Council of Wizards discovered Sauron in Dol Guldur, and drove him from Mirkwood; he returned to Mordor, openly declared himself, rebuilt Barad-dûr, and bred armies of specially large Orcs - the Uruks. In 2951, the Hobbit Bilbo Baggins found the One Ring while accompanying Gandalf and Thorin Oakenshield in The Quest of Erebor, Gollum having lost it in the network of caves beneath the Misty Mountains. Bilbo took the Ring home with him to the Shire, despite Gandalf's misgivings.
Saruman, seeking power, used Orthanc's palantír, and was corrupted by Sauron; Saruman desired the Ring for himself in the hopes that he could rule Middle-earth at the Dark Lord's side before overthrowing him. Sauron captured Gollum, who had left his cave a few years after losing the Ring in search of his "precious", and learned that the Ring had been found by a Hobbit named "Baggins".
The War of the Ring
In 3017, Gandalf identified Bilbo's Ring, now passed down to Bilbo's nephew Frodo, as Sauron's One Ring. He tasked Frodo and his friend Sam Gamgee with bringing the Ring to Bree, where Gandalf and Saruman would decide what to do. Soon afterward, however, Gandalf discovered Saruman's treachery. Sauron sent the Nazgûl to the Shire; they pursued Frodo, who escaped to Rivendell. There, Elrond convened a council. It determined that the Ring should be destroyed in Mount Doom, and formed the Fellowship of the Ring to achieve this. Saruman attempted to capture the Ring, but his army was destroyed and his stronghold at Isengard was overthrown. The palantír of Orthanc fell into the hands of the Fellowship; Aragorn, Isildur's descendant and heir to the throne of Gondor, used it to show himself to Sauron as if he held the Ring. Sauron, troubled by this revelation, attacked Minas Tirith sooner than he had planned. His army was destroyed at the Battle of the Pelennor Fields. Meanwhile, Frodo and Sam entered Mordor through the pass of Cirith Ungol. Aragorn diverted Sauron's attention with an attack on the Black Gate of Mordor. Frodo and Sam reached Mount Doom, but at the last minute Frodo was entranced by the Ring and claimed it for himself. Gollum then seized the Ring and fell into the Cracks of Doom, destroying the Ring and himself. Thus Sauron was utterly defeated, and vanished from Middle-earth. Tolkien describes Sauron's destruction:
Appearance
Physical body
Tolkien never describes Sauron's appearance in detail, though he painted a watercolour illustration of him. Sarah Crown, in The Guardian, writes that "we're never ushered into his presence; we don't hear him speak. All we see is his influence". She calls it "a bold move, to leave the book's central evil so undefined – an edgeless darkness given shape only through the actions of its subordinates", with the result that he becomes "truly unforgettable ... vaster, bolder and more terrifying through his absence than he could ever have been through his presence".
He was initially able to change his appearance at will, but when he became Morgoth's servant, he took a sinister shape. In the First Age, the outlaw Gorlim was ensnared and brought into "the dreadful presence of Sauron", who had daunting eyes. In the battle with Huan, the hound of Valinor, Sauron took the form of a werewolf. Then he assumed a serpent-like form, and finally changed back "from monster to his own accustomed [human-like] form". He took on a beautiful appearance at the end of the First Age to charm Eönwë, near the beginning of the Second Age when appearing as Annatar to the Elves, and again near the end of the Second Age to corrupt the men of Númenor.
He appeared then "as a man, or one in man's shape, but greater than any even of the race of Númenor in stature ... And it seemed to men that Sauron was great, though they feared the light of his eyes. To many he appeared fair, to others terrible; but to some evil." After the destruction of his fair form in the fall of Númenor, Sauron always took the shape of a terrible dark lord. His first incarnation after the Downfall of Númenor was hideous, "an image of malice and hatred made visible". Isildur recorded that Sauron's hand "was black, and yet burned like fire".
Eye of Sauron
Throughout The Lord of the Rings, "the Eye" (known by other names, including the Red Eye, the Evil Eye, the Lidless Eye, the Great Eye) is the image most often associated with Sauron. Sauron's Orcs bore the symbol of the Eye on their helmets and shields, and referred to him as the "Eye" because he did not allow his name to be written or spoken, according to Aragorn. The Lord of the Nazgûl threatened Éowyn with torture before the "Lidless Eye" at the Battle of the Pelennor Fields. Frodo had a vision of the Eye in the Mirror of Galadriel:
Later, Tolkien writes as if Frodo and Sam really glimpse the Eye directly. The mists surrounding Barad-dûr are briefly withdrawn, and:
This raises the question of whether an "Eye" was Sauron's actual manifestation, or whether he had a body beyond the Eye. Gollum (who was tortured by Sauron in person) tells Frodo that Sauron has, at least, a "Black Hand" with four fingers. The missing finger was cut off when Isildur took the Ring, and the finger was still missing when Sauron reappeared centuries later. Tolkien writes in The Silmarillion that "the Eye of Sauron the Terrible few could endure" even before his body was lost in the War of the Last Alliance. In the draft text of the climactic moments of The Lord of the Rings, "the Eye" stands for Sauron's very person, with emotions and thoughts:
Christopher Tolkien comments: "The passage is notable in showing the degree to which my father had come to identify the Eye of Barad-dûr with the mind and will of Sauron, so that he could speak of 'its wrath, its fear, its thought'. In the second text ... he shifted from 'its' to 'his' as he wrote out the passage anew."
Concept and creation
Since the earliest versions of The Silmarillion legendarium as detailed in the History of Middle-earth series, Sauron underwent many changes. The prototype or precursor Sauron-figure was a giant monstrous cat, the Prince of Cats. Called Tevildo, Tifil and Tiberth among other names, this character played the role later taken by Sauron in the earliest version of the story of Beren and Tinúviel in The Book of Lost Tales in 1917. The Prince of Cats was later replaced by Thû, the Necromancer. The name was then changed to Gorthû, Sûr, and finally to Sauron. Gorthû, in the form Gorthaur, remained in The Silmarillion; both Thû and Sauron name the character in the 1925 Lay of Leithian.
The story of Beren and Lúthien also features the heroic hound Huan and involved the subtext of cats versus dogs in its earliest form. Later the cats were changed to wolves or werewolves, with the Sauron-figure becoming the Lord of Werewolves.
Before the publication in 1977 of The Silmarillion, Sauron's origins and true identity were unclear to those without access to Tolkien's notes. The poet W. H. Auden, however, conjectured as early as 1968 that Sauron might have been one of the Valar.
Interpretations
Wholly evil will
Tolkien stated in his Letters that although he did not think "Absolute Evil" could exist as it would be "Zero", "in my story Sauron represents as near an approach to the wholly evil will as is possible." He explained that, like "all tyrants", Sauron had started out with good intentions but was corrupted by power, and that he "went further than human tyrants in pride and the lust for domination", being in origin an immortal (angelic) spirit. He began as Morgoth's servant; became his representative, in his absence in the Second Age; and at the end of the Third Age actually claimed to be 'Morgoth returned.
Destructive Dracula-figure
Gwenyth Hood, writing in Mythlore, compares Sauron to Count Dracula from Bram Stoker's 1897 novel Dracula. In her view, both of these monstrous antagonists seek to destroy, are linked to powers of darkness, are parasitical on created life, and are undead. Both control others psychologically and have "hypnotic eyes". Control by either of them represents "high spiritual terror" as it is a sort of "damnation-on-earth".
Celtic Balor of the Evil Eye
Edward Lense, also writing in Mythlore, identifies a figure from Celtic mythology, Balor of the Evil Eye, as a possible source for the Eye of Sauron. Balor's evil eye, in the middle of his forehead, was able to overcome a whole army. He was king of the evil Fomoire, who like Sauron were evil spirits in hideously ugly bodies. Lense further compares Mordor to "a Celtic hell", just as the Undying Lands of Aman resemble the Celtic Earthly Paradise of Tír na nÓg in the furthest (Atlantic) West; and Balor "ruled the dead from a tower of glass".
Antagonist
The Tolkien scholar Verlyn Flieger writes that if there was an opposite to Sauron in The Lord of the Rings, it would not be Aragorn, his political opponent, nor Gandalf, his spiritual enemy, but Tom Bombadil, the earthly Master who is entirely free of the desire to dominate and hence cannot be dominated.
Adaptations
Film
In film versions of The Lord of the Rings, Sauron has been left off-screen as "an invisible and unvisualizable antagonist" as in Ralph Bakshi's 1978 animated version, or as a disembodied Eye, as in Rankin/Bass' 1980 animated adaptation of The Return of the King.
In the 2001–2003 film trilogy directed by Peter Jackson, Sauron is voiced by Alan Howard. He is shown as a large humanoid figure clad in black armour when he forges and possesses the Ring, but appears only as the disembodied Eye throughout the rest of the storyline. In earlier versions of Jackson's script, Sauron does battle with Aragorn, as shown in the extended DVD version of The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King. The scene was removed as too large a departure from Tolkien's text and was replaced with Aragorn fighting a cave troll.
Sauron appears as The Necromancer and one of the main antagonists in Jackson's The Hobbit film adaptations, where he is voiced by Benedict Cumberbatch.
Video games
Sauron appears in the merchandise of the Jackson films, including computer and video games. These include The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II, The Lord of the Rings: Tactics, and The Lord of the Rings: The Third Age.
Sauron is a playable character in games such as The Lord of the Rings: Conquest, voiced by Jon Olson. He appears in Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor and its sequel Middle-earth: Shadow of War, voiced by Steve Blum. In the Lord of the Rings Online (LOTRO) game, he is featured as an enemy.
Sauron appears as a boss in Lego Dimensions, again voiced by Steve Blum.
In culture
The nickname "Eye of Sauron" has been given to multiple eye-like objects, namely the planetary nebulae M 1-42 and Helix Nebula, the star system HR 4796A, and the intermediate spiral Seyfert galaxy NGC 4151.
Also in astronomy, the SAURON project is an integral-field spectrograph for the William Herschel Telescope with "a large field of view and high throughput" for study of "nearby early-type galaxies".
The Eye of Sauron is mentioned in The Stand, a post-apocalyptic novel written by Stephen King. The villain Randall Flagg possesses an astral body in the form of an "Eye" akin to the Lidless Eye. The novel itself was conceived by King as a "fantasy epic like The Lord of the Rings, only with an American setting". The idea of Sauron as a sleepless eye that watches and seeks the protagonists also influenced King's epic fantasy series The Dark Tower; its villain, the Crimson King, is a similarly disembodied evil presence whose icon is also an eye.
In the Marvel Comics Universe, the supervillain Sauron, an enemy of the X-Men, names himself after the Tolkien character.
In the comic series Fables, by Bill Willingham, one character is called "The Adversary", an ambiguous figure of immense evil and power believed to be responsible for much of the misfortune in the Fables' overall history. Willingham has stated "The Adversary", in name and in character, was inspired by Sauron.
Ainur Sauron and Ainur Narsil, a Russian-based Android audio modification tool, were named after Sauron and Narsil.
Sauron appears via his eye form in The Lego Batman Movie voiced by Jemaine Clement. He is one of the many pre-existing villains the Joker frees from the Phantom Zone to run amok in Gotham City. He is later defeated after being hit by a fireball from a Kraken from Clash of the Titans.
In zoology, the Sauron genus of Linyphiid sheet weaver spiders is named after him.
Notes
References
Primary
This list identifies each item's location in Tolkien's writings.
Secondary
Sources
Bearers of the One Ring
The Lord of the Rings characters
Characters in The Silmarillion
Literary characters introduced in 1937
Fictional characters who use magic
Fictional necromancers
Fictional shapeshifters
Fictional warlords
Fictional torturers
Fictional demons and devils
Middle-earth Maiar
Middle-earth rulers
Video game bosses
Middle-earth monsters
de:Figuren in Tolkiens Welt#Sauron
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle%20of%20Aguas%20Mansas
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Castle of Aguas Mansas
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The so called castle of Aguas Mansas (which could be translated as castle of Calm Waters or Quiet Waters) is a remarkable medieval castle, which is in an excellent state of conservation, located in the municipality of Agoncillo in La Rioja, Spain. It was built during the 13th and 14th centuries.
The coat of arms of the House Medrano with the Calatrava Cross can be found of the eastern facade, sign of its Dominion and its most recent historical ownership.
The monument complex is right now occupied by the Town hall, Library and other Agoncillo Town Departments and can be visited -always after booking the aforementioned dependencies- on working days during the opening hours of the administration.
History
The Codex Vigilanus mentions the conquest of a Muslim castle in this in this area by Sancho Garcés, king of Pamplona at the beginning of the 10th century. Subsequently, several documents of the 11th and 12th centuries name a fortress called Aguas Mansas (Calm Waters) or Aguas Muertas (Dead Waters) and draw the attention to the high quality of its defences. This may be the cause this site was so coveted and in 1191, Alfonso VIII reached an agreement with Pedro and Gómez García about the state surrounding lands.
In 1337 Rodrigo Alfonso de Medrano, crossbowman of Alfonso XI, bought the village and the castle and started carrying out several remodelling works adapting it to the style of the 14th century. In his testament in 1345 he noted having spent big amounts of money in "...building the castle and the village" (in Old Spanish "...fazer el castillo e la villa"). During the battles between Peter the Cruel and Henry of Trastámara, the castle passed onto the hands of Charles II of Navarre, although for a short period. In 1392, it was owned was Rodrigo Alfonso de Algoncillo (sic.) who bequeathed it to his nephew Diego López de Medrano and to his heirs, the Counts of Siruela who inhabited it until the 19th century.
Architecture
The floor plant of the castle is almost rectangular with four prism-shaped towers on each corner whose machicolations are still preserved to the current day. Built with dimension stones and in two stages, the first in the middle of the 14th century over a former building and other at the end of the 15th century. The highest tower hast four floors and a door with a pointed arch. The smallest tower, called de las palomas (of the doves), has some well preserved modillions which supported the machicolation.
The parade ground, restored in the 16th century, has a cloister shape, is built at two levels and the gallery of the main floor rests on semicircular arches.
An integral restoration was carried out in 1990, removing some removing some utilitarian rooms created in the 18th and 19th century returning it to its former appearance.
Bibliography
External links
Castles in La Rioja
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic%20campus%20ministry
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Catholic campus ministry
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Catholic campus ministry is the practice of organizing and coordinating ministry or service of the Catholic Church on the campus of a school, college, or university. The activities of a Catholic campus ministry organization may entail the establishment of clubs, groups, and organizations, as well as the orchestration and execution of liturgies, retreats, or recollections. In addition, a Catholic campus ministry organization may conduct religion classes, workshops, or seminars. Some examples of Catholic campus ministry organizations include Newman Centers and the Catholic Student Association. Many Catholic campus ministry programs exist today because of the efforts of Cardinal Saint John Henry Newman.
United States
In the United States, there are five organizations that coordinate Catholic campus ministry programs throughout the country. They are:
Campus Ministry Association (CCMA)
National Catholic Student Coalition (NCSC)
Evangelical Catholic
Newman Connection
Fellowship of Catholic University Students (FOCUS)
United Kingdom
Oxford University Newman Society
Catholic youth organizations
Catholic universities and colleges
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaja%20Rogulj
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Kaja Rogulj
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Kaja Rogulj (born 15 June 1986) is a retired Croatian football player who played as a defender.
Club career
Rogulj started his football career at the NK BŠK Zmaj Blato on the island of Korčula, before moving to the HNK Hajduk Split, where he spent most of his formative years in a generation that featured, among others, Drago Gabrić and Tomislav Bušić. In 2003, however, he moved on to the NK Omiš U-19 team, where he spent the following two years.
He played his first senior team matches, however, in Bosnia and Herzegovina, at NK Posušje where he moved in 2005, and where he spent, apart from a half-season stint at HNK Segesta the following three years.
In 2008, he moved back to Croatia, to NK Slaven Belupo, featuring soon in a 2-1 aggregate UEFA Cup second qualifying round upset against Aris Thessaloniki FC before being eliminated by CSKA Moscow. On 3 March 2009, in a match against Dinamo Zagreb Kaja received an instant red card after a particularly nasty tackle on Mario Mandžukić. Later on, he was suspended for two games and had to pay a fine of around €700. He remained a first team regular until the end of his stint at Slaven, and featured in the 2009–10 UEFA Europa League qualifiers, until his team was eliminated by Tromsø IL.
In the summer of 2011, he moved to Austria Wien, signing a 2+1 year contract, with director Thomas Parits praising his jumping, timing and tackling. After a rocky first season, he established himself as a first-team player in the 2012/13 season, winning the 2012–13 Austrian Football Bundesliga with his club, and making his debut in the UEFA Champions League in 2013. After eliminating GNK Dinamo Zagreb with 4-3 on aggregate, Rogulj played in all group matches against Zenit Staint Petersburg, Atlético Madrid and FC Porto but one.
In the summer of 2014, he moved on to the Swiss team FC Luzern.
In 30 October 2017, he became a member of FK Žalgiris in Lithuania.
Rogulj retired at the end of the 2018–19 season.
References
External links
1986 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Split, Croatia
Croatian footballers
Croatian expatriate footballers
HŠK Posušje players
HNK Segesta players
NK Slaven Belupo players
FK Austria Wien players
FC Luzern players
NK Dugopolje players
SV Horn players
FC Le Mont players
2. Liga (Austria) players
Croatian First Football League players
Austrian Football Bundesliga players
Swiss Super League players
Expatriate footballers in Austria
Expatriate footballers in Switzerland
Association football defenders
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalkh%C3%BCgel
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Kalkhügel
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Kalkhügel is a district of Osnabrück, Germany with a population of roughly 5,900 residents. It is home to both a Protestant and a Catholic church (the Melanchthonkirche and St. Pius Kirche respectively). There is also a school centre (Schulzentrum) located in the district.
Location
The Kalkhügel district is situated in the south-west of Osnabrück. It borders on the districts of Wüste, Innenstadt, Schölerberg, Nahne, Sutthausen and Hellern (in a clockwise direction, starting from 12 o’clock).
Literature
Haubrock, O’Brien, Der Luftschutzstollen am Kalkhügel – Ein ehemaliger Luftschutzbunker in Osnabrück ()
References
Links
City of Osnabrück, Referat für Stadtentwicklung und Bürgerbeteiligung – statistics -, 4/2008 (PDF file, 1.49 MB)
City of Osnabrück, Referat für Stadtentwicklung und Bürgerbeteiligung – statistics -, 11/2009 (PDF file, 35.4 KB)
Geography of Osnabrück
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry%20Silver
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Jerry Silver
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Jerry Silver is an American neuroscientist and professor in the Department of Neurosciences at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine. He is known for his research using rat models to develop treatments for spinal cord injuries. He became a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2011.
References
External links
Faculty page
Living people
American neuroscientists
Case Western Reserve University faculty
Case Western Reserve University alumni
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Year of birth missing (living people)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte%20E.%20Carr
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Charlotte E. Carr
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Charlotte Elizabeth Carr (May 3, 1890 – July 12, 1956) was an American labor activist and state official. She was appointed Pennsylvania's Secretary of Labor and Industry in 1933. She was the head resident at Chicago's Hull House from 1937 to 1942.
Early life and education
Charlotte Elizabeth Carr was born in Dayton, Ohio, the daughter of businessman Joseph Henry Carr and Edith Carver Carr. She attended the Madeira School in Washington, D.C., and graduated from Vassar College in 1915. She pursued further studies at Columbia University.
Career
After college, Carr worked in New York City in several jobs, including as a charities aid investigator for the state, and as a probation officer. She worked in personnel at American Lithographic and at Knox Hat Company during and after World War I, and at Stark Mills in New Hampshire for a time. She worked for the American Association of Social Workers in New York. In 1923, she became assistant director of the Bureau of Women in Industry, part of the New York State Department of Labor under Frances Perkins. In 1925, she took a similar position with the Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry. Following several other promotions within the state bureaucracy, Carr became Pennsylvania's first female Secretary of Labor and Industry in 1933, appointed by Governor Gifford Pinchot.
In 1934, she returned to New York City, where she was a governor's advisor on relief programs. In 1935, Mayor Fiorello La Guardia appointed Carr head of the city's Emergency Relief Bureau. In 1937, Carr moved to Chicago, when she was chosen by the Hull House board as the new head resident, replacing Adena Miller Rich. Carr's tenure included welcoming the first black residents to Hull House. She was fired in 1942, after repeated clashes with the board of trustees over her political activities and the direction of the program.
After Hull House, Carr held leadership positions with the War Manpower Commission and the Congress of Industrial Organizations. From 1944 to 1952, she was the founding director of the Citizens Committee on Children of New York City. She continued working in a variety of projects involving labor in the city until her death in 1956.
Personal life and legacy
Carr was involved in a fatal car accident in 1931, when the state car she was driving from Harrisburg to Philadelphia hit a truck, and the truck's driver died. The Dauphin County coroner's office ruled the Carr was driving "in a reckless manner" and recommended she be charged with involuntary manslaughter, and she lost her driver's license.
Carr attended a meeting about housing rehabilitation hours before she died in her sleep in 1956, aged 66 years, in New York. Eleanor Roosevelt attended Carr's funeral and wrote a column in her memory. "Her life was so full and so valuable to so many people that one can only be thankful that she had 66 years in which to give of her extraordinary powers," wrote Roosevelt, adding "I don't think she was ever afraid of any situation." There is a collection of Charlotte E. Carr's papers at the Schlesinger Library, Harvard University.
References
1890 births
1956 deaths
People from Dayton, Ohio
Vassar College alumni
Madeira School alumni
American social activists
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