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51180082
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth%20Chapman%20%28disambiguation%29
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Elizabeth Chapman (disambiguation)
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Elizabeth Chapman is a children's author.
Elizabeth or Beth Chapman may also refer to:
Elizabeth Chapman in United States National Cyclo-cross Championships
Beth Chapman (politician), American politician
Beth Chapman (bounty hunter)
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30464863
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spritsail%20%28square-rigged%29
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Spritsail (square-rigged)
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On large sailing ships a spritsail is a square-rigged sail carried on a yard below the bowsprit. One of the earliest depictions of a spritsail is carved on Borobudur ship carving in Borobudur temple, Indonesia.
In some languages (such as German) it is known as a "blind" (German, (eine) Blinde) because it effectively blocks forward vision when set.
Spritsails were commonly used on sailing vessels from the first carracks until about 1800. Until the mid-18th century, most ships also flew a sprit-topsail from the short sprit topmast that rose vertically above the fore end of the bowsprit.
The full-rigged ships of the golden age of sail had no spritsails, as the area under the bowsprit was instead occupied by rigging (martingales and dolphin striker) that reinforced the bowsprit and jib-boom against the forces of an increasing number of jibs.
Notes
Sailing rigs and rigging
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14589142
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%20denna%20natt%20blir%20v%C3%A4rlden%20ny
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I denna natt blir världen ny
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"I denna natt blir världen ny" is a song by the Swedish singer Carola Häggkvist. It was released on 14 November 2007 in Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland. The song is from the Christmas album I denna natt blir världen ny - Jul i Betlehem II, which was recorded in Betlehem in mid-2007.
Release history
Charts
References
2007 singles
2007 songs
Carola Häggkvist songs
Swedish Christmas songs
Songs written by Carola Häggkvist
Universal Music Group singles
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63310023
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapkota%20%28crater%29
|
Sapkota (crater)
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Sapkota is a crater on Mercury, located near the north pole. It was named by the IAU in 2015, after Nepalese poet Mahananda Sapkota.
S band radar data from the Arecibo Observatory collected between 1999 and 2005 indicates a lack of a radar-bright area within the interior of Sapkota, despite the fact that the floor of the crater is in permanent shadow. Many nearby craters do have radar-bright areas which likely indicate water ice deposits.
References
Impact craters on Mercury
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28954833
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/When%20Boy%20Meets%20Girl
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When Boy Meets Girl
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"When Boy Meets Girl" is a song co-written and recorded by Canadian country music artist Terri Clark. It was released in October 1995 as the second single from her album Terri Clark. The song reached #3 on the RPM Country Tracks chart in February 1996 and #3 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. It was written by Clark, Tom Shapiro and Chris Waters.
Content
The song is about the changes brought about in a young man's life "when boy meets girl."
Critical reception
Deborah Evans Price, of Billboard magazine reviewed the song favorably, saying that Clark's "gutsy twang and the sharp production prowess of Keith Stegall and Chris Waters makes this a solid follow-up and another potential smash for Clark."
Music video
The music video was directed by Michael Merriman and premiered in October 1995.
Chart performance
"When Boy Meets Girl" debuted at number 75 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of October 28, 1995.
Year-end charts
References
1995 singles
Terri Clark songs
Songs written by Terri Clark
Songs written by Tom Shapiro
Songs written by Chris Waters
Song recordings produced by Keith Stegall
Mercury Records singles
1995 songs
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12661969
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partula%20producta
|
Partula producta
|
Partula producta was a species of air-breathing tropical land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Partulidae. This species was endemic to Tahiti, French Polynesia. It is now extinct.
References
Partula (gastropod)
Extinct gastropods
Taxa named by William Harper Pease
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Gastropods described in 1864
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31815472
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20Hodson%20Bayley
|
Edward Hodson Bayley
|
Edward Hodson Bayley (1841 – 7 March 1938) was a British businessman and Liberal Party politician.
Early life
Born in Accrington, Lancashire, he was the second son of the Reverend Dr Johnathon Bayley, a pastor with the Swedenborgian New Church and his wife Lydia née Hodson. He was educated in England, France and Germany.
Business Interests
He moved to the south east suburbs of London and established E H Bayley & Co., waggon builders, at Newington Causeway. In 1892 he was described as a "wheelwright and fire escape manufacturer". He was also the chairman of three other transport-related businesses: the West Metropolitan Tramways Company, the London Improved Cab Company and of the United Horseshoe and Nail Company. He also sat on the London board of the Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States. His first wife was an American woman, Josephine Simon. After her death in 1881, Bayley founded the New Church Orphanage in her memory.
Political career
Bayley was active in the Liberal Party, and in 1886 was chosen to contest the Camberwell North constituency, defending the seat of the retiring member of parliament, Richard Strong. He described himself as a "thorough Home Ruler" and a supporter of William Gladstone. Bayley had two opponents: John Richards Kelly of the Conservative Party and William Pirie Duff, described as a "Dissentient Liberal". Bayley was defeated, with Kelly gaining the seat with a majority of 365 votes.
Despite his defeat, Bayley was unanimously readopted as prospective parliamentary candidate by the North Camberwell Liberal and Radical Association in March 1887. The next general election was held in 1892, and he faced a straight fight against the incumbent, Kelly. A major issue in the election was the proposed extension of tramways over Westminster Bridge: Bayley was strongly in favour of bringing the tramlines into south London, but Kelly was opposed. Bayley easily won the seat, with a majority of 845 votes over Kelly.
In the following year Bayley was involved in a curious court case, having refused to pay the painter of his official portrait in House of Commons. Bayley claimed that it was a poor likeness, and "only like him in the tie", while his wife objected to it as it did not make him look "intellectual" enough. The court found against Bayley.
He was active in Parliamentary debates, questioning Government ministers on topics as varied as the state of Gibraltar, lifeboat services, and conditions of industrial workers. In 1894, he raised the question of the "great lack of school accommodation in Camberwell", his constituency.
In June 1895 the Liberal government led by Lord Rosebery lost a vote of confidence. A general election was duly called, and Bayley defended his seat against a new Conservative candidate, Major Philip Dalbiac. A third candidate, Nelson Palmer, subsequently entered the contest, claiming to be "independent of party", but representing the labouring classes. The Conservatives secured a large majority at the election, and Bayley was one of many Liberal MPs to lose their seats. Dalbiac secured a majority of 693 votes over Bayley. Palmer's intervention had no effect, as he received only 32 votes.
Later life
Bayley continued to hold directorships in various transport businesses, although the United Horseshoe and Nail Company was wound up in 1909. He was chairman of the London Road Car Company and was a director of the Premier Omnibus Company.
He died at Peacehaven, Sussex in March 1938 aged 96, and was buried in Highgate Cemetery.
References
External links
1841 births
Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1892–1895
Burials at Highgate Cemetery
People from Accrington
1938 deaths
People from Peacehaven
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23578850
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yarrowitch%20River
|
Yarrowitch River
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Yarrowitch River, a perennial stream of the Macleay River catchment, is located in the Northern Tablelands district of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
Yarrowitch River rises within Mummel Gulf National Park on the northern slopes of the Great Dividing Range southwest of Yarrowitch, and flows generally north northeast, joined by the Warnes River before reaching its confluence with the Apsley River, southwest of Tia. The river descends over its course; spilling over the Yarrowitch Falls in the Oxley Wild Rivers National Park.
In its middle reaches, the Yarrowitch River passes through rich grazing country used for rearing livestock, principally beef cattle.
See also
List of rivers of Australia
Rivers of New South Wales
References
External links
Rivers of New South Wales
Northern Tablelands
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32900705
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucia%20Vadlejch
|
Lucia Vadlejch
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Lucia Slaničková-Vadlejch (born 8 November 1988, in Považská Bystrica) is a retired Slovak athlete who specialises in the heptathlon.
Slaničková currently holds the national indoor record for the 4 × 400 metres relay.
International competitions
References
External links
1988 births
Living people
People from Považská Bystrica
Slovak heptathletes
European Games silver medalists for Slovakia
Athletes (track and field) at the 2015 European Games
European Games medalists in athletics
Competitors at the 2015 Summer Universiade
Athletes (track and field) at the 2019 European Games
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43134073
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20W.%20Sonnenfeldt
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Michael W. Sonnenfeldt
|
Michael W. Sonnenfeldt (born October 7, 1955) is an American entrepreneur, philanthropist, and political activist. Currently, he is the founder, owner and chairman of TIGER 21, chairman of Magnolia Purchasing Advisors, the chairman of publicly traded Canadian solar company, Carmanah Technologies, Ltd, and a board member of Earthjustice. Sonnenfeldt is the president of the Goldman-Sonnenfeldt Foundation and on the boards of several other philanthropic and political organizations.
Education
Michael Sonnenfeldt attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) from 1974 to 1978, where he received Bachelor's and master's degrees in Management. He is a member of the Phi Beta Kappa Society.
Awards
Sonnenfeldt was awarded a degree of Doctor Philosophiae Honoris Causa from the Ben Gurion University of the Negev in 1995.
Career
Early career
After graduating from MIT, Sonnenfeldt began his career as an associate at Goldman Sachs, from 1978 to 1979, in the Merger & Acquisitions Department and then transitioned to the Goldman Sachs Realty Corp.
In 1980, Sonnenfeldt conceived and initiated the then-largest commercial renovation in the country. With his partner, David Fromer, he transformed the 2.4 million square foot Harborside Terminal in Jersey City, New Jersey into The Harborside Financial Center. He and Fromer spearheaded the development team of over 100 professionals working on the project.
Sonnenfeldt and Fromer sold The Harborside Financial Center in 1986 for over $100 million to a major US pension fund in what is considered to be one of the most successful real estate deals in the history of the New York metropolitan area. The Harborside Financial Center continues to operate as one of the top-performing assets in the New Jersey marketplace. At the time, the complex was believed to be the most valuable single commercial real estate asset in the state of New Jersey.
After the sale, Sonnenfeldt founded Real Estate Resources Corp, which created online databases of Real Estate information prior to the widespread use of the internet. The business was closed in 1990. In 1991, he founded Emmes & Company, a private real estate investment group based in New York City, to invest in the portfolios of distressed real estate being sold by the Federal Government, from the inventories of the banks they had taken over in the savings and loan crises peaking at that time. When Sonnenfeldt sold his interest in the business in 1998, the company had grown to own and control more than 200 properties from New York to Florida, consisting of 20+ million square feet of real estate valued at over $1B.
Current businesses
In June 1998, after selling his interest in Emmes & Company, Sonnenfeldt founded MUUS & Company, a private investment company. Sonnenfeldt directs the company's portfolio of financial, real estate and private equity investments.
In 1999, Sonnenfeldt founded TIGER 21 (The Investment Group for Enhanced Results in the 21st Century), a network of peer-to-peer learning groups for high-net-worth investors, after recognizing that the skills that made him a successful entrepreneur did not necessarily translate into successfully managing his own portfolio of investments. Sonnenfeldt continues to operate the company as chairman and is regularly used by news outlets as a resource to discuss investing and high-net-worth investor activity.
Sonnenfeldt is also the chairman of SOL, Inc. (formerly Solar Outdoor Lighting, Inc), North America's largest and oldest dedicated manufacturer of commercial and industrial grade solar-powered outdoor lighting systems. SOL's systems are used to illuminate roadways, parking lots, jogging trails, billboards and transit shelters.
In 2013 Sonnenfeldt became non-executive Chairman of Carmanah Technologies (LTD), a publicly traded company in Canada (CMH) that manufactures solar LED lights and solar power systems. Sonnenfeldt is the company's largest shareholder.
Philanthropy
Sonnenfeldt is an active philanthropist and has been involved for over 25 years at senior levels in numerous non-profit organizations. He focuses on national security, Middle East peace, international peacekeeping, the US/UN relationship, the removal of land mines and communal development. In recent years the environment and the potentially devastating effects of climate change have been an increasing focus of his philanthropic activities.
Current
1980’s
As a past national president of American Associates Ben Gurion University (AABGU) from 1989 to 1991 and a national board member from 1991 to 2013, Sonnenfeldt is currently a member of the board of governors of Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU).
1990’s
Sonnenfeldt has been a supporter of the Arnold P. Gold Foundation, an organization that works with healthcare professionals, since 1993 and became a trustee in February 2002. He has served on various committees, including the Development, Investment and Nominating committees. The foundation is a non-profit organization dedicated to improving the quality of healthcare.
From 1997 to 2009, Michael Sonnenfeldt was a member of the board of directors of Synergos, a global nonprofit organization that tackles poverty and inequality by promoting and supporting collaborations among business, government, civil society, and marginalized communities. He is also a founding member of the Synergos Global Philanthropists Circle and a member since 2001.
In 1998, the Humpty Dumpty Institute was the established in order to extend and strengthen the work Sonnenfeldt had been engaged in during the previous decade. Sonnenfeldt was named founding co-chair (emeritus) and served on the board of directors from 1998 to 2006. The organization focuses on making UN peacekeeping more effective and bridging the gap between the UN and US Congress. The group also works to clear landmines and unexploded ordnance (UXO) around the world.
2000’s
In 2000, Sonnenfeldt and his wife launched the Goldman-Sonnenfeldt Foundation, through which he and his wife engage in philanthropic activities primarily focused on the environment, international security and peace, education and local communal activities. Sonnenfeldt serves as president of the foundation.
Since 2002 Sonnenfeldt has been a member of the international board of trustees of the Institute for National Security Studies in Israel.
2010’s
Since 2011 Sonnenfeldt has served as member of the board of trustees and chair of the investment committee of Earthjustice, the nation's largest public interest legal firm with over 100 lawyers dedicated to protecting the environment. In addition he has served on the Development & Marketing Committee since 2011 and is currently on the International Review Task Force.
Sonnenfeldt currently serves as a member of the board and the chairman of the development committee of Securing America's Future Energy (“SAFE”), a non-partisan, non-profit organization committed to reducing America's dependence on oil in order to strengthen the country's national security and economy.
Non-active positions
Sonnenfeldt served on the board of the Marlene Meyerson JCC Manhattan from 1995 to 2009, served on the security committee during 2005 and was the former co-chair of the organization's Capital Campaign from 1995 to 2005. This 14-year campaign, spearheaded by Sonnenfeldt and his wife as well as one other couple, provided the initial funds to build the new $100 million home for the JCC.
Sonnenfeldt was the former vice chairman and chairman of the executive committee of the United Nations Association of the United States of America (UNA-USA), which was then a preeminent non-governmental group which sought to strengthen the United Nations, and the United States’ role in it, through a combination of national public outreach, policy research and international dialogue. He conceived and led the Global Peacekeeping Inspection Team for nearly a decade, during which time his team visited and reported on UN Peacekeeping installations in over 25 sites around the globe. During Sonnenfeldt's tenure, the UNA was the nation's largest foreign policy organization, with over 30,000 members and 130 chapters nationwide.
Political activism
Current
Sonnenfeldt co-founded the Israel Policy Forum (IPF) in 1993 to support the Middle East peace process and promote Israel's future as a Jewish and democratic state by advancing a diplomatic resolution to the Arab-Israeli conflict. He served as chairman from 1997 until 2001. He remains actively involved in helping to develop American policies and initiatives to restore stability and bring peace to the region.
Sonnenfeldt has served on the board of trustees of the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, a leading think tank focused exclusively on the Middle East, since 1998.
Sonnenfeldt co-founded No Labels which was created with the intention of consensus building between parties and finding solutions to the nation's pressing problems. He has served on the executive board since 2010.
In 2004, Sonnenfeldt was co-chair of the Connecticut State Senator Joe Lieberman for President Campaign.
Non-active positions
Sonnenfeldt was the former chairman of the Resources Committee of Business Executives for National Security (BENS) from 1987 to 2012, served on the board of directors from 1982 to 2000 and was a member of the executive committee board. Sonnenfeldt traveled extensively on behalf of BENS and worked directly with members of Congress to help shape policies supported by the organization.
References
1955 births
Living people
American philanthropists
American political activists
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev alumni
American businesspeople
MIT Sloan School of Management alumni
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33864291
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulcs%C3%BA%20Hopp%C3%A1l
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Bulcsú Hoppál
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Bulcsú Kál Hoppál (b. 24 Sept. 1974) is a Hungarian theologian and philosopher.
Biography
In 1999 he received a Bachelor's degree in Sacred Theology at Pázmány Péter Katolikus Egyetem in Budapest. In 2002 he received a Licentiate there in the same subject—the equivalent of a Ph.D. In 2003, he received the degree of Magister der Philosophie from the International Academy for Philosophy in the Principality of Liechtenstein. He is one of the vice-presidents of the Hungarian Association for the Academic Study of Religion.
Publications
Books
Hoppál has written or edited several books, mostly on the subject of Saint Thomas Aquinas; most of them have been published by France-based international academic publisher L'Harmattan.
Other publications
Filmography
Hoppál is also a film-maker, and has been involved in the following productions:
…s mondják neki, csángó… (with Péter Csabá Kocsis); director, 2005. Presented at: Magyarkanizsa, Cnesa Kulturális Központ (SCG)
…visszafelé csak az Isten tudja… Gyón – 1956 (with Péter Csabá Kocsis); director, 2006. (supported by Hungarian Historical Film Foundation); MADE Festival 2006, winner.
…jó volt, hogy volt… Magyarfalusi Napok 2006., co-director. Subregional and Small Community Television, IX. Film Festival in memory of Geza Radvanyi: winner; Folk art film festival, 2007; Rákóczifalva, 2007: 3rd place). With Péter Csabával Kocsis.
Gáborok, experimental documentary, director. IV. National Independent Documentary History Review 2008: winner.
Volt az a pár nap…, director. With support of Újbuda XI. kerületi Önkormányzat.
Szadduceus (with Dániel Havasi), director, 2009. Faludi Akadémia "Csoda" Film Festival: winner.
Tamási, 1956 (with Dániel Havasi and András K. Németh), director, 2010.
Cigányok az 1956-os forradalomban [Gypsies of the 1956 Revolution]. (with Dániel Havasi), director and scenario, 2011.
References
Living people
1974 births
Hungarian philosophers
Hungarian Roman Catholic theologians
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3530514
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atopobium
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Atopobium
|
Atopobium is a genus of Actinomycetota, in the family Coriobacteriaceae, that may be associated with bacterial vaginosis.
Atopobium species are anaerobic, Gram-positive rod-shaped or elliptical bacteria found as single elements or in pairs or short chains.
Atopobium vaginae was discovered in 1999. This is a facultative anaerobic bacteria, which form small colonies on blood agar at 37 °C is also positive for acid phosphatase.
See also
List of bacterial vaginosis microbiota
References
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20070929134318/http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/Main/Classification/112091.htm
Coriobacteriaceae
Bacteria genera
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7014519
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%20Lorenzo%20Maggiore%2C%20Naples
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San Lorenzo Maggiore, Naples
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San Lorenzo Maggiore is a church in Naples, Italy. It is located at the precise geographic center of the historic center of the ancient Greek-Roman city, at the intersection of via San Gregorio Armeno and via dei Tribunali. The name "San Lorenzo" may also refer to the new museum now opened on the premises, as well as to the ancient Roman market beneath the church itself, the Macellum of Naples.
The church's origins derive from the presence of the Franciscan order in Naples during the lifetime of St Francis of Assisi, himself. The site of the present church was to compensate the order for the loss of their earlier church on the grounds where Charles I of Anjou decided to build his new fortress, the Maschio Angioino in the late 13th century.
San Lorenzo actually is a church plus monastery. The new museum takes up the three floors above the courtyard and is given over to the entire history of the area that centers on San Lorenzo, beginning with classical archaeology and progressing to a chart display of historical shipping routes from Naples throughout Magna Grecia and the Roman Empire. The museum provides a detailed account of the local "city hall" that was demolished in order to put up the church in the 13th century and continues up past the Angevin period and into more recent history.
Beneath San Lorenzo, about half of an original Roman market has been excavated. The site has been open since 1992, the result of 25 years of painstaking excavation. The market place is the only large-scale Greek-Roman site excavated in the downtown area.
In this church Boccaccio met his beloved Fiammetta (1338).
Chapels
Two of the chapels in this Gothic church are designed in baroque manner. These are the Cacace Chapel and the Chapel of Sant'Antonio. Both are designed by Cosimo Fanzago. The first of these chapels was commissioned by Giovan Camillo Cacace, lawyer and member of the Accademia degli Oziosi; while the latter chapel was made for the Carthusian Order. His use of richly colored inlaid marble contrasts with the more sober Gothic interior of the church.
Cacace Chapel
The Cacace Chapel is dedicated to Mary of the Rosary when it was acquired by the De Caro family in 1571. Giovan Camillo Cacace, nephew of Francesco and Giuseppe De Caro, decided to renovate the chapel in the 1640s. He commissioned Fanzago for the realization, but other artists were invited as well. Four of the sculptures in this chapel were executed by Andrea di Bolgi, a sculptor from the Bernini studio in Rome. The sculptures include: to the left the whole figure of Giuseppe De Caro, kneeling, with below the bust of his brother, Francesco De Caro. To the right is the praying and kneeling figure of Vittoria De Caro, sister of Giuseppe and Francesco, and mother of the commissioner, Giovan Camillo. His bust is shown below Vittoria.
The cupola of the chapel is frescoed by Niccolò De Simone, who substituted the prior artist, Massimo Stanzione. It depicts the Trinity and Glory of the Virgin, though the fresco is severely damaged and hardly visible nowadays. At the sides are the Friendship between Saints Francis and Dominic and the Sleep of Innocent XIII Who Sees Saints Francis and Dominic rule over the ruined Lateran. The four pendants the painter depicted Saints John the Baptist, Joseph, Anne and Joachim.
The altarpiece is painted by Massimo Stanzione and depicts the Our Lady of the Rosary, a subject that became popular after the Council of Trent of 1563. His style annamolla of Caravaggio, though with brighter use of color and more attention to physiology.
See also
Delivery of the Franciscan Rule
Gotico Angioiano
References
External links
Lorenzo Maggiore
Religious organizations established in the 13th century
Gothic architecture in Naples
Baroque architecture in Naples
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2894917
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center%20for%20Science%2C%20Technology%2C%20and%20Society
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Center for Science, Technology, and Society
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Founded in 1997, the Miller Center for Social Entrepreneurship, formerly known as the Center for Science, Technology, and Society, is one of three Centers of Distinction at Santa Clara University. The Centers embody the University's mission to unite students and faculty with Silicon Valley leaders to address significant public issues. The Miller Center accelerates global, innovation-based entrepreneurship in service to humanity. Its strategic focus is on poverty eradication through its three areas of work: The Global Social Benefit Institute, Impact Capital, and Education and Action Research.
References
https://www.scu.edu/centers/
External links
http://www.scu.edu/MillerCenter
Santa Clara University Centers
1997 establishments in California
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11269676
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20Pleimelding
|
Pierre Pleimelding
|
Pierre Pleimelding (19 September 1952 – 1 May 2013) was a French football striker and manager who obtained a cap for France. He is the son of another professional football player, René Pleimelding and the brother of Gérard Pleimelding.
External links
Player bio at the official web site of the French Football Federation
Stats
1952 births
2013 deaths
People from Laxou
French footballers
France international footballers
French expatriate footballers
Ligue 1 players
Ligue 2 players
AS Nancy Lorraine players
ES Troyes AC players
AS Monaco FC players
Lille OSC players
Servette FC players
AS Cannes players
FC Mulhouse players
SAS Épinal players
Expatriate footballers in Switzerland
French football managers
Ivory Coast national football team managers
1996 African Cup of Nations managers
Association football forwards
Sportspeople from Meurthe-et-Moselle
SAS Épinal managers
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44960464
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicente%20Cerna%20y%20Cerna
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Vicente Cerna y Cerna
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Vicente Cerna y Cerna (22 January 1815 – 27 June 1885) was president of Guatemala from 24 May 1865 to 29 June 1871. Loyal friend and comrade of Rafael Carrera, was appointed army's Field Marshal after Carraera's victory against Salvadorian leader Gerardo Barrios in 1863. He was appointed Carrera's successor after the caudillo's death in 1865 even though Guatemalan leaders would have preferred Field Marshal José Víctor Zavala.
After the presidential elections of 1869, that Cerna won over liberal candidate Zavala, there were severe fraud accusations, and from then on Cerna's presidency was marred by constant uprising until he was eventually ousted by the liberal leaders Miguel Garcia Granados and Justo Rufino Barrios on 30 June 1871.
Biography
Cerna y Cerna was from Ipala, Chiquimula where he later served as major and "Corregidor". He was a loyal friend and camarade of Rafael Carrera and was a distinguished officer of the caudillo's army. He was one of the Guatemalan officers in the Battle of La Arada as colonel, when he was Chiquimula in 1851. Later on, he was among those who signed the act that declared Carrera, "Guatemalan president for life" in 1854. His high army and government ranks allowed him to reach the presidency after Carrera's death in 1865.
Battle of La Arada
Salvadorian president Doroteo Vasconcelos granted asylum to many Guatemalan liberals, among which was José Francisco Barrundia who started a newspaper to attack Carrera's conservative regime. Vasconcelos also supplied money and weapons and supported for a whole year the rebels of "La Montaña" in the east of Guatemala. By the en of 1850, Vasconcelos grew tired of the slow war against Guatemala and decided to act openly. Then, he started a liberal crusade against the conservative regime of Guatemala and invited Honduras and Nicaragua to join; however, only Honduran president Juan Lindo accepted to join the invasion. Meanwhile, in Guatemala, where they well aware of Vasconcelos' plans, president Paredes made the necessary preparations for an invasion and archbishop Francisco de Paula García Peláez asked his archdioceses to pray for peace.
On 4 January 1851, in Ocotepeque met the presidents from Honduras and El Salvador, to seal the alliance against Guatemala. The Salvadorian forces were four thousand men well equipped and with artillery support, while the Honduras forces were two thousand men. The main force settled in Metapán, as this place was close to all three countries.
The "Battle of La Arada", in which Cerna y Cerna had a brilliant role commanding one of the Guatemalan battalions, was fought on 2 February 1851 close to Chiquimula in Guatemala. The battle was the largest threat to Guatemala republican sovereignit; however, Guatemalan Commander in Chief Carrera's strategy resulted in a complete victory for his forces who only suffered 125 casualties between dead and wounded, while the enemy forces had more than 1500 casualties.
After Battle of La Arada, on 22 October 1851 president Paredes resigned; the National Assembly then named Carrera his successor, being inaugurated on 6 de November 1851 after modifying the Constitution to suit his needs. Paredes went on to the army staff and was a loyal officer until his death in 1856.
Campaign against Gerado Barrios
In 1863 Honduran general José María Medina, along his Army Staff -which included Florencio Xatruch, and lieutenant colonel Juan Antonio Medina Orellana, were in talks with Rafael Carrera, who formed an army of Hondurans, Salvadorians and Guatemalans who, led by brigadier general Vicente Cerna y Cerna invaded Honduras. Cerna forces took Cucuyagua on 10 June 1863 and then "Los Llanos" de Santa Rosa on 15 June, eventually occupying Gracias a Dios and declaring José María Medina as President of Honduras;. Finally, Cerna and his men marched over capital Comayagua to overthrow interim president José Francisco Montes Fonseca. Government forces set Comayagua in flames before fleeing given the superiority of Cerna's army.
Gobierno
Several liberal authors, like Alfonso Enrique Barrientos describe Marshal Cerna's government as this:
"A conservative and archaic government, badly organized and with worse intentions, was in charge of the country, centralizing all powers in Vicente Cerna, ambitious military man, who not happy with the general rank, had promoted himself to the Army Marshal rank, even though that rank did no exist and it does not exist in the Guatemalan military. The Marshal called himself President of the Republic, but in reality he was the foreman of oppressed and savaged people, cowardly enough that they had not dared to tell the dictator to leave threatening him with a revolution".
It is necessary to make the following observations about the liberal comments:
By "conservative and archaic government, badly organized and with worse intentions", Barrientos means that State and Church were a single unit and that the conservative regime was strongly allied to the power of regular clergy of the Catholic Church, who then were among the largest landowners in Guatemala. The tight relationship between Church and State had been ratified by the Concordat of 1852, which was the law until Cerna was deposed in 1871.
Oppressed and savaged people: Barrientos refers here to the liberal criollos, who had not dare to rise against Rafael Carrera presidency (1840-1865). Even the liberal generals like Serapio Cruz had realized the undeniable Carrera's political and military presence who was practically invincible, and even fought under his command. Actually, the liberals waited for a long time until Carrera's death to begin their revolt against the more tamed Cerna.
The Army Marshal rank did exist in the Conservative Guatemalan Army: after the invasion to El Salvador, officers Serapio Cruz -Tata Lapo- and José Víctor Zavala also were promoted to the Marshal rank, along Cerna. They all were of great importance to the military life of Guatemala during Carrera's presidency.
During his presidency liberal party members were prosecuted and sent into exile; among them, those who started the Liberal Revolution of 1871. Around that time, Honduran liberal intellectual Ramón Rosa lived in Guatemala and started publishing a newspaper called El Centroamericano (The Central American), a liberal pamphlet that strongly attacked the conservative regime.
Finally, the Mexican president Benito Juárez sent reinforcement to the troops in Chiapas, commanded by Miguel García Granados and Justo Rufino Barrios. After two devastating defeats on 23 June in Totonicapán and on 28 June in San Lucas Sacatepequez, Cerna resigned on 28 June 1871.
Notes and references
Notes
References
Bibliography
Presidents of Guatemala
People from Jalapa Department
Conservative Party (Guatemala) politicians
1815 births
1885 deaths
19th-century Guatemalan people
Rafael Carrera
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7797941
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris%20Brien
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Chris Brien
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Christian John Brien is a drummer, percussionist and drum clinician. From 1992 he was a member of the Australian rock, funk and disco band Swoop and appears on all three of their studio albums, Thriller (October 1993), Woxo Principle (November 1995), and Be What You Is (January 1999).
Swoop's most popular single, "Apple Eyes", was released in 1995, which reached No. 9 on the ARIA Singles Chart. At the ARIA Music Awards of 1994, Swoop were nominated for 'Best New Talent' for Thriller, while at the 1996 awards they were nominated for 'Song of the Year' and 'Best Video' for "Apple Eyes", and for 'Best Pop Release' for Woxo Principle.
Late in 1999 Swoop disbanded, and Brien became a session musician and drum clinician and released solo material. He has also released a number of instructional DVDs including Independence (2002) and Independence, Part 2 (2004). In November 2006 he relocated to Hong Kong, where in 2010 he issued his instructional book, The Chris Brien Drumming System (Level One).
Biography
Christian John Brien grew up in Sydney as the youngest of five children, both his father and grandfather are former drummers. He started playing drums in 1980, from 1986 he taught drum and percussion, and in 1988 he established his first drumming studio. In 1992 he joined a rock, funk and disco band, Swoop, which had formed as a duo, the previous year, with Roland P. Kapferer on lead vocals and Joshua Beagley on guitar and keyboards. He appears on all three of their studio albums, Thriller (October 1993), Woxo Principle (November 1995), and Be What You Is (January 1999). Their most popular single, "Apple Eyes", was released in 1995, which reached No. 9 on the ARIA Singles Chart. At the ARIA Music Awards of 1994 Swoop were nominated for 'Best New Talent' for Thriller; at the 1996 awards they were nominated for 'Song of the Year' and 'Best Video' for "Apple Eyes", and for 'Best Pop Release' for Woxo Principle. Late in 1999 Swoop disbanded.
After Swoop, Brien became a touring and studio session drummer. He also ran drum workshops around Australia and into other parts of the world. His style incorporates the sound of multiple drummers by use of "hand and foot techniques ... playing fast single stroke rolls with one hand or playing 7 or more rhythms simultaneously". A friend dubbed him the "Drumming Wizard of Oz". In October 2005 he issued his instructional book, Progressive Rhythms, which included access to his on-line video lessons. In November 2006 he relocated to Hong Kong and set up his drumming course there from April 2007 while still operating two drumming studios in Sydney. In late 2010 he issued a second instructional book, The Chris Brien Drumming System (Level One).
Bibliography
Equipment
2004–2006, kit
SONOR Delight Series Drums (Piano Black), Ufip Cymbals and LP Percussion: Sonor Drums – Birdseye Azure or Brillant Black
14x5" Snare
12x5" Sonor Designer Snare
12x5" Sonor 3001 Snare (kicks with pedal)
10x4" Jungle Snare
8x8" Tom
10x10" Tom
12x14" Tom
17x22" Bass Drum
14" Sonor Jungle Bass Drum
14" Bionic Series Hi-hats
10" Bionic Series Hi-hats
10" Experience Splash (x2)
5" Ufip Cup Chime (x3)
8" Bionic Series Hi-hats
20" Bionic Series Ride
18" Bionic Series China
16" Bionic Series Crash
18" Bionic Series Crash
L.P Bongo Small"
L.P Bongo Large"
L.P Quito (Classic)
L.P Tumba (Classic)
Chris mostly used SONOR Hardware and Pedals, but also had been seen using other brands.
Chris used Attack drum heads and Silverfox Sticks.
2007–present, kit
Chris Brien has switched to Gretsch Drums, Zildjian Cymbals and Vic Firth Sticks.
References
External links
Australian drummers
Male drummers
Australian music educators
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
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2650170
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Middle%20%28Jimmy%20Eat%20World%20song%29
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The Middle (Jimmy Eat World song)
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"The Middle" is a song by American rock band Jimmy Eat World. It was released in October 2001 as the second single of their fourth album Bleed American. It was a number-five hit on the US Billboard Hot 100 in 2002 and reached the top 50 in Australia, Ireland, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. The song was a breakthrough hit for Jimmy Eat World, who had self-financed the recording of the Bleed American album after being dropped by Capitol Records in 1999.
Background and composition
"The Middle" was written after Jimmy Eat World had been dropped from Capitol Records following the release of Clarity, previous album. Their second album, Static Prevails, had sold just 10,000 copies in 1996 and Capitol Records decided to drop the band in 1999 due to a change in priorities. Singer and guitarist Jim Adkins explained to the Dallas Observer: "We were just about invisible there and it wasn't going to get any better."
"The Middle" reflects these trying times for the band with lyrics about "Don't write yourself off yet" when feeling "left out or looked down on." The band decided to finance the recording of the album and keep things simple on the new record rather than experiment, as they had done on previous records. "On our new stuff, rather than challenging ourselves [by] getting real experimental, we kind of went in the other direction, challenging ourselves by getting very simple."
Once completed, Jimmy Eat World took Bleed American to record companies and was signed to DreamWorks Records. Bleed American was released in the middle of 2001 with the title track as the lead single. However, following the September 11 attacks the album's title was changed to Jimmy Eat World and the lead single failed to win airplay, although it reached the top 20 of the Billboard Hot Modern Rock Tracks.
Release and reception
When "The Middle" was released, the success of the album and the band was dependent on the single breaking through. By early 2002, the song had reached the top of the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart. The song then crossed over to top 40 radio, resulting in it reaching a peak of number five on the Billboard Hot 100. Although they would have more Top 40 hits on the former chart, "The Middle" remains their sole Top 40 hit on the Hot 100 to date. It was also the band's only appearance on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, peaking at number 39. The song also charted in the UK, reaching a peak of number 26 in 2002. "The Middle" was the most commercially successful single released from Bleed American. The band toured extensively behind the album, touring with Weezer, Tenacious D, Green Day, Blink-182, and the Vans Warped Tour as well as the band's own headlining tour.
"The Middle" was the most played song on radio in Canada in 2002. "Pitchfork Media named the track number 165 on its list of the top 500 tracks of the 2000s. Reviewer Mark Richardson wrote of the track: "And if your band delivers that message of hope with the kind of power-pop chorus hook that gives the best couple of Weezer songs a run for their money, you've accomplished something."
In 2012, The A.V. Club published an article entitled, "How Jimmy Eat World's 'The Middle' Became the Best Song for a Bad Time", with Jason Heller noting, "'The Middle' wasn't a sellout. It was a return to form, one made by a band that had a lot more wisdom, scars, and songwriting talent than it did seven years prior—and a band that was in a position where do or die looked like the only options."
Critics compared Kelly Clarkson's single "Heartbeat Song" (2015) to "The Middle" due to a notable similarity between the melodies of the songs' verses, as well as their choruses. In his review for Idolator, Stern observed both songs' similitude. Hunter Hauk of The Dallas Morning News also remarked of the two songs' similarities, but was ambivalent of "Heartbeat Song"'s lack of innovation as compared to Clarkson's previous lead singles.
Music video
The song's video (directed by Paul Fedor) featuring young people in underwear received plenty of play on MTV, especially on Total Request Live.
The music video features a fully clothed teenage boy (Josh Keleher) who attends a pool party at which Jimmy Eat World is playing, only to find everyone, except the band, in their underwear. Much of the crowd is making out, but the boy is excluded. Finally, out of frustration, he starts to strip to be like the others, only to bump into a teenage girl doing the same thing in the closet he is in. The kids keep their clothes on and leave the party, arms around each other, as the song concludes.
Usage in media
The track is featured in the videogames Rock Band 2, Guitar Hero On Tour: Decades and Guitar Hero World Tour.
The song is featured in a season 4 episode of the American television series The Blacklist.
Singer Taylor Swift lip-synced the song in an Apple Music commercial that debuted on April 18, 2016.
The song was used in the TV show The Middle pilot episode.
The song is featured in the movie Zoom and in the trailer for The New Guy.
The song is also used in the opening sequence for the movie The Sorcerer's Apprentice (2010 film)
Track listings
US enhanced CD single
"The Middle"
"If You Don't Don't" (XFM Session)
"Game of Pricks" (Radio 1 Session)
"The Middle" (CD-ROM video)
UK 7-inch red vinyl single
A. "The Middle"
B. "A Praise Chorus" (Radio 1 Session)
UK CD single
"The Middle" (LP version) – 2:48
"No Sensitivity" – 3:41
European and Australian enhanced CD single
"The Middle" (LP version) – 2:48
"No Sensitivity" – 3:41
"The Middle" (early demo) – 2:48
"The Middle" (video)
Charts and certifications
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
Release history
References
Contemporary Musicians 2002 article on Jimmy Eat World. Gale.
Entertainment Weekly, June 21, 2002.
Review of Futures. Spin, November 2004.
Vanderhoff, Mark. [ Review of Bleed American]. Allmusic.
External links
2001 singles
2001 songs
DreamWorks Records singles
Jimmy Eat World songs
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59695965
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis%20Montsma
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Lewis Montsma
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Lewis Lee Montsma (born 25 April 1998) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a defender for League One club Lincoln City. He also works as a model.
Early life
Montsma’s mother is Swedish, making him eligible to play for Sweden internationally. He attended St Nicolaaslyceum alongside Matthijs de Ligt, where he regularly played football with him.
Career
He made his Eerste Divisie debut for FC Dordrecht on 31 August 2018 in a game against NEC, as a starter.
Lincoln City
On the 14 July 2020, Montsma joined English League One club Lincoln City on a three year contract, on a free transfer. He made his Lincoln City debut and scored his first Lincoln goal in the EFL Cup on 5 September 2020 against Crewe Alexandra. He would continue his goal scoring run, scoring in the second and third round of the EFL Cup against Bradford City and Liverpool. And his run of scoring would continue in the next game against Charlton Athletic, scoring his first goal in League One. On 8 January 2022, Lewis Montsma was injured against Oxford United, which was later confirmed as an ACL injury which would rule him out of action for up to 9 months. Following his surgery on his ACL, he would sign a new contract until the summer of 2024.
Career statistics
References
External links
1998 births
Living people
Footballers from Amsterdam
Dutch footballers
Association football defenders
FC Dordrecht players
Lincoln City F.C. players
Eerste Divisie players
English Football League players
Dutch expatriate footballers
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in England
Expatriate footballers in England
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23505735
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piau%C3%AD%20River
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Piauí River
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The Piauí River is a river of Piauí state in northeastern Brazil.
See also
List of rivers of Piauí
References
Brazilian Ministry of Transport
Rivers of Piauí
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473482
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden%2C%20Lower%20Saxony
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Baden, Lower Saxony
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Baden is a town near Bremen, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is known to Africanists and Phoneticians as the place where Diedrich Hermann Westermann was born and died. It is a borough of the town of Achim.
Baden is on the train line from Hanover to Verden to Bremen.
Baden's 1000th anniversary was celebrated in 2013.
Badener Mountains
The Badener Mountains are located in the town of Baden, Lower Saxony, which is a locality within Achim. The location is shaped by the Weser-Marsh to the west, and the collection of sand dunes of up to 40m high and the Badener-Moorland to the east. Until the 19th Century the area was only sparsely settled; the people lived by cultivating potatoes, breeding sheep, and working at the outlying factories in Bremen.
Hans Höppner observed about 200 of the 250 types of bees in Germany in Badener Mountains from 1898 until 1900.
Oil Camp
The Badener Oil Camp has been part of a bunker from the first World War. It was erected in 1917 by Jürgen Daybridge. It served as a shipping station for raw oil, heating oil, and fuel. It was put into 14 subterranean containers; the last containers have been scrapped, however. During the Weimar Republic, the oil camp was rented to an oil company. As part of the re-militarization of Germany in preparation for the second World War, the oil camp was built up and extended (to 36 containers). Although the camp got through the war intact, it was blown up by English occupying troops in 1946.
The Area remained in military use, and was made into a military practice ground for the German Federal Armed Forces in 1956, housing the Steuben-Kaserne/ Steuben-barracks, named after Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben as well as the local practice area. It used to be home to the 11th Flugabwehrregiment (AAA-Regiment 11) until the area was disbanded completely in 2003.
References
Towns in Lower Saxony
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22209212
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanine%20Bapst
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Jeanine Bapst
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Jeanine Bapst (born September 11, 1968) is a Swiss ski mountaineer.
Selected results
2001:
2nd, Swiss Cup, scratch
2003:
2nd, Trophée des Gastlosen, together with Maroussia Rusca
2004:
2nd, World Championship team race (together with Isabella Crettenand-Moretti)
3rd, Trophée des Gastlosen, together with Marie Troillet
2006:
3rd, Trophée des Gastlosen, together with Gabrielle Magnenat
Patrouille des Glaciers
2000: 4th, together with Hélène Romagnoli and Ingrid Maret
2004: 2nd, together with Andréa Zimmermann and Gabrielle Magnenat
Pierra Menta
2003: 7th, together with Annick Rey
2005: 5th, together with Andréa Zimmermann
External links
Jeanine Bapst at Skimountaineering.org
References
1968 births
Living people
Swiss female ski mountaineers
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10657251
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galgano%20Guidotti
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Galgano Guidotti
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Galgano Guidotti (1148 – 3 December 1181) was a Catholic saint from Tuscany born in Chiusdino, in the modern province of Siena, Italy. His mother's name was Dionigia, while his father's name (Guido or Guidotto) only appeared in a document dated in the 16th century, when the last name Guidotti was attributed.
The canonization process to declare Galgano a saint started in 1185, only a few years after his death, and his canonization was the first conducted with a formal process by the Roman Church. A lot of Galgano's life is known through the documents of the canonization process in 1185 and other Vitae: Legenda beati Galgani by anonymous, Legenda beati Galgani confessoris by an unknown Cistercian monk, Leggenda di Sancto Galgano, Vita sancti Galgani de Senis, Vita beati Galgani.
Life
Born in 1148 in the small town of Chiusdino, Galgano is said to have led a ruthless life in his early years. Though he became a knight and trained in the art of war, he was said to be arrogant and led the life of a thug, until Archangel Michael appeared before him and showed him the way to salvation. In his vision, Galgano followed Archangel to the hill of Montesiepi where he met the twelve Apostles and the Creator himself. After the vision, Galgano's horse refused to obey his orders and led him to the hill where his vision happened. Convinced that this was a sign, Galgano decided then and there to renounce his villainous life.
A voice then told him to renounce all material things, to which Galgano replied that it would be as hard as splitting a rock. To prove his point, Galgano drew his sword and plunged it into the rocky ground. To his surprise, the rock yielded like butter and the blade went through. Galgano got the message, and took up permanent residence on that hill as a humble hermit. He never left the hill, living in poverty, accompanied by wild animals and occasionally visited by villagers and monks.
According to another version of the story, Galgano wanted to make a cross on the hill but with no wood around, he decided to plant his sword in the ground. The sword is said to have immediately become one piece with the ground so that nobody could remove it.
St. Galgano Guidotti died in 1181.
Veneration
In 1184, a round chapel was built over his claimed tomb to commemorate him; pilgrims came there in large numbers, and miracles were claimed. In that year, Cistercian monks took over Montesiepi at the request of Hugh, bishop of Volterra, but most of Galgano's monks left, scattered over Tuscany, and became Augustinian hermits. By 1220, San Galgano Abbey, a large Cistercian monastery, had been built below Galgano's hermitage: he was then claimed and recognized as a Cistercian saint. His cult was lively in Siena and Volterra, where numerous representations survive. The ruins of his hermitage can still be seen, while his cloak is kept in the church of Santuccio at Siena.
The sword in the stone
The sword in the stone can be seen at the Rotonda at Montesiepi, near the ruins of the Abbey of San Galgano. The handle of a sword protrudes from a stone, and is said to be the sword of Galgano.
For centuries, the sword was assumed to be a fake. But after examining the composition of the metal in 2001, researcher Luigi Garlaschelli confirmed that the "composition of the metal and the style are compatible with the era of the legend". The analysis also confirmed that the upper piece and the invisible lower one are authentic and belong to one and the same artifact. Ground-penetrating radar analysis also revealed that beneath the sword there is a cavity, about two meters by one meter, which is thought to be a burial recess, possibly containing the knight's body.
It has been argued that the legend of Saint Galgano formed the inspiration for the medieval legends about King Arthur and the Sword in the Stone.
“A story like that of Saint Galgano could travel all over Europe, and it is interesting to note that the first story about Arthur pulling a sword from a stone (or more exactly an anvil on top of the stone) appears in the decades following Saint Galgano's canonization in one of the poems by the Burgundian poet Robert de Boron,” says Björn Hellqvist, one of the researchers.
In the media
Television
Galgano's "sword in the stone" story was featured in a season 7 episode of TV series, Forged in Fire. Bladesmiths had to recreate "Excalibur", a medieval broadsword inspired by Galgano's story. The episode explained the story as follows: the actual Sword in the Stone is located in Siena, Italy, and believed to have belonged to Galgano.
See also
Excalibur
References
Footnotes
Citations
External links
The Life of Saint Galgano on Audiobook by Alleluia Audiobooks (on mp3)
What to do in and around San Galgano Abbey (with Google Map)
website with information about San Galgano Abbey
Discovering San-Galganos Abbey
San-Galgano and the sword in the stone; King Arthur in Tuscany
Very informative website about the Abbey of San Galgano, history, pictures, info, map, accommodation and lots more
Reaudrigue Kazarian, anthropologist
1148 births
1180s deaths
People from the Province of Siena
Medieval Italian saints
12th-century Christian saints
Angelic visionaries
Medieval legends
Medieval Italian knights
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47136286
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%20in%20Jewels
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2009 in Jewels
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The year 2009 is the 2nd year in the history of Jewels, a mixed martial arts promotion based in Japan. In 2009 Jewels held 6 events beginning with, Jewels 2nd Ring.
Events list
Jewels 2nd Ring
Jewels 2nd Ring was an event held on February 4, 2009 at Shinjuku Face in Tokyo, Japan.
Results
Jewels: Rough Stone: First Ring
Jewels: Rough Stone: First Ring was an event held on April 19, 2009 at the Isami Wrestle Budokan in Wairabi, Saitama, Japan.
Results
Jewels 3rd Ring
Jewels 3rd Ring was an event held on May 16, 2009 at Shinjuku Face in Tokyo, Japan.
Results
Jewels 4th Ring
Jewels 4th Ring was an event held on July 11, 2009 at Shin-Kiba 1st Ring in Tokyo, Japan.
Results
Jewels 5th Ring
Jewels 5th Ring was an event held on September 13, 2009 at Shinjuku Face in Tokyo, Japan.
Results
Jewels 6th Ring
Jewels 6th Ring was an event held on December 11, 2009 at Shinjuku Face in Tokyo, Japan.
Results
See also
Jewels
References
Jewels (mixed martial arts) events
2009 in mixed martial arts
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47011240
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce%20Buchanan
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Bruce Buchanan
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Bruce Buchanan (born 1958 or 1959) is a Canadian retired sportscaster. He was the play-by-play announcer for the Edmonton Oilers television broadcasts on ITV, CKEM and Sportsnet West from 1984 until 2001 with analyst John Garrett. During the 1986–87 season, he split play-by-play duties on CHCH-TV's Toronto Maple Leafs broadcasts with Calgary Flames announcer Peter Maher. He has also done play-by-play for the Red Deer Rebels, Winnipeg Jets and Calgary Flames and got occasional play-by-play assignments on Hockey Night in Canada in the late 1980s. Buchanan later worked for Sportsnet, and as a sports anchor for A-Channel in Edmonton. As of 2005, he was working as a real estate agent.
References
Living people
1950s births
Canadian sports announcers
Calgary Flames announcers
Edmonton Oilers announcers
People from Brandon, Manitoba
Toronto Maple Leafs announcers
Winnipeg Jets announcers
North American Soccer League (1968–1984) commentators
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27109926
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A9%20Lu%C3%ADs
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Zé Luís
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José Luís Mendes Andrade (born 24 January 1991), known as Zé Luís, is a Cape Verdean professional footballer who plays as a striker for Saudi Professional League club Al Taawoun.
He spent most of his career in Portugal, playing 68 Primeira Liga games and scoring 23 goals for Gil Vicente, Braga and Porto, winning a league title with the last of those teams in 2020. He also competed in the Russian Premier League with Spartak Moscow and Lokomotiv Moscow, picking up a winners' medal with the former in 2017.
Club career
Gil Vicente and Braga
Born in Fogo, Zé Luís began his professional career at the age 18 with his last youth club, Gil Vicente FC. In his first season he played only five Segunda Liga games – his debut coming on 29 November 2009 in a 0–3 home loss against G.D. Chaves – but managed to score four goals.
In 2010–11, under new manager Paulo Alves, Zé Luís netted ten times for the Barcelos side as they achieved promotion to the Primeira Liga after a five-year absence, as champions. On 2 June 2011, he signed for S.C. Braga on a five-year contract.
Zé Luís served two loan spells during his tenure in Minho, spending three months with former club Gil and one full season with Videoton FC in Hungary; he also featured regularly for Braga B in the second tier. In between, he played for the main squad in the 2013 Taça da Liga Final, as a substitute in a 1–0 win over FC Porto at the Estádio Cidade de Coimbra. On 7 April 2015, he scored his first career hat-trick, helping defeat Rio Ave F.C. 3–0 at home in the semi-finals of the Taça de Portugal (4–1 on aggregate). He battled for position with Eder during the campaign, finishing with 11 goals in all competitions.
Spartak Moscow
On 7 July 2015, Zé Luís joined Russian Premier League club FC Spartak Moscow. He scored five times in the 2016–17 season, as his team won the domestic championship for the 22nd time in history.
In July 2017, Zé Luís extended his link to Spartak until 2021. In the same month, he won the Super Cup in a 2–1 victory over city rivals FC Lokomotiv Moscow. During the 2018–19 campaign, he contributed ten league goals – 14 in all competitions – to a fifth-place finish.
Porto
On 2 July 2019, Spartak announced that the transfer of Zé Luís to Porto had been agreed on, and a four-year contract was signed three days later. He scored three times in only his second league appearance, a 4–0 home rout of Vitória de Setúbal.
Zé Luís scored seven league goals in his only season at the Estádio do Dragão for the eventual champions, and ten overall as the team secured the double.
Lokomotiv Moscow
On 6 October 2020, Zé Luís returned to the Russian capital, when he joined Lokomotiv Moscow on a three-year deal for a €5 million fee. On 13 January 2022, his contract was terminated by mutual consent.
International career
Zé Luís made his debut for Cape Verde on 24 May 2010, playing one minute in a friendly in Covilhã with Portugal, who were preparing for the FIFA World Cup in South Africa. He was selected by manager Lúcio Antunes for the squad that appeared at the 2013 Africa Cup of Nations, but withdrew for personal reasons.
Zé Luís scored his first goal for the national team on 6 September 2014, in a 3–1 away win against Niger for the 2015 Africa Cup of Nations qualifiers. His second came in the 2–1 home victory over Zambia for the same competition four days later, as the Blue Sharks eventually reached the finals in Equatorial Guinea. However, he was not picked for the tournament.
On 10 October 2019, Zé Luís scored the equaliser as Cape Verde came from behind to win 2–1 against Togo in an exhibition game in Fos-sur-Mer, France. It was his first appearance for over two years, and his first goal in more than five.
Career statistics
Club
Notes
International
(Cape Verde score listed first, score column indicates score after each Zé Luís goal)
Honours
Club
Gil Vicente
Segunda Liga: 2010–11
Braga
Taça da Liga: 2012–13
Spartak Moscow
Russian Premier League: 2016–17
Russian Super Cup: 2017
Porto
Primeira Liga: 2019–20
Taça de Portugal: 2019–20
International
Cape Verde
Lusofonia Games: 2009
Individual
Russian Premier League Player of the Month: October 2016
Russian Premier League Top 33 Players of the Season: 2016–17 (right forward Nº2), 2018–19 (left forward Nº3)
Primeira Liga Forward of the Month: August 2019
References
External links
1991 births
Living people
People from Fogo, Cape Verde
Cape Verdean footballers
Association football forwards
Primeira Liga players
Liga Portugal 2 players
Gil Vicente F.C. players
S.C. Braga B players
S.C. Braga players
FC Porto players
Nemzeti Bajnokság I players
Fehérvár FC players
Russian Premier League players
FC Spartak Moscow players
FC Lokomotiv Moscow players
Saudi Professional League players
Al-Taawoun FC players
Cape Verde international footballers
Cape Verdean expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Portugal
Expatriate footballers in Hungary
Expatriate footballers in Russia
Expatriate footballers in Saudi Arabia
Cape Verdean expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
Cape Verdean expatriate sportspeople in Hungary
Cape Verdean expatriate sportspeople in Saudi Arabia
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46765392
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonnemaisonia%20hamifera
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Bonnemaisonia hamifera
|
Bonnemaisonia hamifera is a species of red alga in the family Bonnemaisoniaceae. Originally from the Pacific Ocean, it has been introduced into the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, where it is considered invasive on European coasts. It exists in two phases which, at one time, were thought to be different species; a medium-sized feathery form attached to other seaweeds, and a small tufted form known as Trailliella.
Description
This algal species exists in two phases. The gametangial phase is always epiphytic, growing on Cystoseira and other algae. It forms erect, brownish-red, feathery fronds and grows to a length of up to . The fronds are flattened and bear crozier-shaped hooks which cling on to and get tangled with the host seaweed. The tetrasporangial phase forms much-branched, brownish-red tufts of fine filaments growing in small clumps with a width of and resembling cotton wool. They are epiphytic on coralline algae or occasionally grow direct on rock or other hard substrate. The red colour of this species comes from the presence of the pigments phycoerythrin and phycocyanin which mask the chlorophyll a, beta-Carotene and various xanthophylls which are also present.
Distribution
B. hamifera is native to the northwestern Pacific Ocean and the coasts around Japan. It was introduced into the northeastern Atlantic Ocean in the late nineteenth century, possibly arriving on the hull of a ship or among shellfish. It is now present from Iceland and northern Norway southward to Portugal, as well as in the Canary Islands, Algeria, Tunisia and the Adriatic Sea. It was first noticed in Britain, on the coast of Dorset in 1890, when the form "Trailliella" was collected. The first record in Ireland was in A. D. Cotton's 1915 survey of the marine algae of Clare Island, County Mayo. The first record in Northern Ireland was in 1972 from Sandeel Bay. It grows in the low intertidal zone and to depths of about and can be abundant in lagoon-like areas on the lower shore.
Life cycle
This seaweed displays a complex life cycle with an alternation of generations between the gametophytes and the tetrasporophytes. In the spring, gametophytes occur. The sperm produced is not motile and relies on currents to bring it to the female reproductive structures. Fertilisation results in the production of carposporophytes, which in turn produce carpospores which develop into the original tetrasporophytes. The tetrasporophyte occurs throughout the year, but is most common between October and March. It was at one time thought to be a different species and was given the name Trailliella intricata. Vegetative reproduction is uncommon, but asexual reproduction occurs as a result of fragmentation of the thallus.
References
Bonnemaisoniales
Plants described in 1891
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16577615
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry%20B.%20Levine
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Barry B. Levine
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Barry B. Levine (1941-2020) was an American academic and founding professor of Sociology at the Florida International University.
Background
Barry B. Levine was born on January 22, 1941, in Brooklyn, New York. His parents were labor lawyer Nathan Levine and Miriam Margolies; he had a younger brother David (who also became an academic). He attended Brooklyn Tech. He received his B.A. in 1961 from the University of Pennsylvania and his M.A. in 1965 and Ph.D. in 1973 from the New School for Social Research.
Career
Levine held a teaching position at the University of Puerto Rico for seven years before leaving for FIU, of which he was a founding professor in 1972 through his retirement in 2007, after which he was professor emeritus of sociology.
In 1969, he co-founded and edited Caribbean Review, an English-language journal focused on the culture and ideals of the Caribbean, Latin America and their emigrant groups; subscribers included the White House under Presidents Ronald Reagan and George Herbert Walker Bush. In 1981, Caribbean Review was a finalist for the National Magazine Award.
Personal life and death
Levine married Rosario Aycardi; they had two sons.
Barry B. Levine died aged 79 on August 10, 2020, in Miami.
Works
Levine is perhaps best known for penning Benjy Lopez which received much acclaim; most recently in a February, 2008, Newsweek article written by art historian Robert Farris Thompson.
In 2014, he was writing on the topic of "The Impermanence of Industry: Lessons Learned from the Last Great American Garment Maker," a first-person testimonial about a 77-year-old garment manufacturer who has had factories throughout the US, the Caribbean, Asia, and Latin America.
His works include:
Books:
El Desafío Neoliberal: El Fin del Tercermundismo en América Latina, 1992
The Caribbean Exodus, 1987
The New Cuban Presence in the Caribbean, 1983
Benjy Lopez, A Picaresque Tale of Emigration and Return, 1980
Problemas de Desigualdad Social en Puerto Rico, 1972
Articles:
1999: “A Socioeconomic Approach to Market Transactions,” The Journal of Socio-Economics, with Milan Zafirovski
1997: “Economic Sociology Reformulated: The Interface Between Economics and Sociology," The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, with Milan Zafirovski
1994: “Watching Eastern Europe, Thinking about Latin America,” in Transition to Capitalism? The Communist Legacy in Eastern Europe ed. by János Mátyás Kovács (Transaction Publishers)
1990: “16 Tomes and What Do You Get... The Caribbean Review Index: 1969-1989” Caribbean Review
1989:
“A Return to Innocence? The Social Construction of the Geopolitical Climate of the Post-Invasion Caribbean,” Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs
“Policy Challenges of Puerto Rico’s 936 Program.” in Caribbean Basin Development: Challenges and Priorities for 1989 ed. by Catherine A. Pearson, Washington: Caribbean/Central American Action (Published under the byline of Eugenia Charles, prime minister of Dominica. Upon review, she changed two words.)
1988:
“An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Caribbean Nations. A Revision of Mr. Adam Smith’s Original Work, some 212 years later.” Report on “Enhancing Public/Private Partnerships for Trade, Development and Investment in the Caribbean,” for Global Economic Action Institute
“The Shifting Sands of Haitian Legitimacy,” and “After the Fall, Interviews with Leslie Manigat & Gerard Latortue,” Caribbean Review
1987: “Salpicar and Self-hate Among Puerto Ricans,” in Images and Identities: The Puerto Rican in Literature, ed. Asela Rodríguez de Laguna
1986: “Methodological Ironies in Marx and Weber,” International Journal of Moral and Social Studies (Oxford)
1985:
“Miami: The Capital of Latin America,” The Wilson Quarterly
“Model Wars in the Caribbean. Economic Strategies and Geopolitical Competition,” in John Tesatore and Susan Wolfson’s The Asian Development Model and the Caribbean Basin Initiative
1983: “Reseña de la confrontación Latino-Caribeña: Ia interpretación social sobre ‘el Caribe’,” in Juan Tokatlian and Klaus Shubert’s Relaciones Internacionales en la Cuenca del Caribe y la Política de Colombia
1982: “Puerto Rico: Cashing Out Food Stamps,” Journal of the Institute of Socioeconomic Studies
1981: “Abundance and Scarcity in the Caribbean,” AMBIO, Journal of the Human Environment, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
References
External links
Reflections on a Life
1941 births
2020 deaths
American sociologists
University of Pennsylvania alumni
The New School alumni
Florida International University faculty
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38004928
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowe%2C%20Virginia
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Rowe, Virginia
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Rowe is an unincorporated community in Buchanan County, Virginia, United States. Rowe is located on State Route 624 south-southeast of Vansant. Rowe has a post office with ZIP code 24646, which opened on January 25, 1939.
It was likely named for John S. Rowe, a pioneer settler.
References
Unincorporated communities in Buchanan County, Virginia
Unincorporated communities in Virginia
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7350019
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nain%20County
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Nain County
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Nain County () is a county in Isfahan Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Nain. As of the 2016 census, the county's population was 39,261, in 13,378 households. The county is subdivided into two districts: the Central District and Anarak District. The county has three cities: Nain, Anarak & Bafran.
References
اطلس گیتاشناسی استانهای ایران [Atlas Gitashenasi Ostanhai Iran] (Gitashenasi Province Atlas of Iran)
Nain
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4728103
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellsworth%20Community%20College
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Ellsworth Community College
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Ellsworth Community College is a community college in Iowa Falls, Iowa. It was founded as Ellsworth College in 1890 by Eugene S. Ellsworth. Originally a private business academy, it later became a four-year college, a music conservatory, and a public junior college before being absorbed into the Iowa Valley Community College District.
Academics
Ellsworth Community College offers three distinct degree programs. Arts and Science Degrees are two-year degrees geared toward students who wish to enter the professional workforce but do not plan to earn a degree from a four-year college. Some of the credits earned under this degree program can be transferred to a four-year university, however. Career/Technical Degrees & Diplomas provide hands-on training in a wide variety of vocational fields. The course of study lasts anywhere from nine months to two years. Associate in Arts Degrees are intended for students who plan to continue their education at a four-year college. The coursework for these degrees is identical to that offered during the freshman and sophomore years at the three state universities in Iowa; any student who transfers into one of those universities having earned an associate degree will be automatically granted junior (third-year) standing.
Athletics
The Ellsworth Community College Panthers compete in seven intercollegiate sports as a member of the National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA). The Ellsworth football team has won two NJCAA national championships. The sports offered for men are football, basketball, wrestling, and baseball. The women's sports are volleyball, basketball and softball. The school competes in the competitive Iowa Community College Athletic Conference at the Division 1 and 2 level. The Panthers' mascot is named Pounce. The school also won an NJCAA national championship in basketball in 1971.
Notable alumni
Ken Bishop, NFL and CFL defensive tackle
Dale Carter, 1992 NFL Rookie of the year
Joseph Gomer, Tuskegee Airman
Mistral Raymond, NFL safety
Andre Tippett, Pro Football Hall of Fame linebacker
Tanner Varner, Professional Arena football player
Jaleel Scott, Professional football player (Baltimore Ravens)
Hernan Ramos, Minor League Player with the Chicago Cubs
See also
Homer D. Calkins
References
External links
Official athletics website
Community colleges in Iowa
Educational institutions established in 1890
Education in Hardin County, Iowa
Buildings and structures in Hardin County, Iowa
NJCAA athletics
1890 establishments in Iowa
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35905924
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McWalter
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McWalter
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McWalter is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
David McWalter (1891–1918), Scottish footballer
Mark McWalter (born 1968), Scottish footballer
Patrick McWalter (born 1984), Irish footballer
Tony McWalter (born 1945), English politician
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27283419
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007%20Superstars%20Series
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2007 Superstars Series
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The 2007 Superstars Series season was the fourth season of the Campionato Italiano Superstars (Italian Superstars Championship) and the inaugural season of the International Superstars Series.
The Italian championship was won by Gianni Morbidelli driving for Audi, while the international series was won by Giuliano Alessi driving for BMW.
Teams and drivers
Audi Sport Italia and its drivers entered only the Italian Championship.
Calendar
Scoring system
Results
Championship standings
Campionato Italiano Superstars – Drivers
International Superstars Series – Drivers
International Superstars Series – Teams
External links
Official Superstars website
Superstars Series
Superstars Series seasons
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12422105
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uropsalis
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Uropsalis
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Uropsalis is a genus of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae.
It contains the following species:
Lyre-tailed nightjar (Uropsalis lyra)
Swallow-tailed nightjar (Uropsalis segmentata)
Bird genera
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
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11262722
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia%20State%20Route%20241
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Georgia State Route 241
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State Route 241 (SR 241) is a southwest-northeast state highway located in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. It exists entirely within Decatur County.
Route description
SR 241 begins at the Florida state line in southern Decatur County, where the roadway continues as County Road 65 (Attapulgus Highway). It heads east-northeast to an intersection with SR 309 (Fowlstown Road). Then, the road curves to the northeast, crossing over Little Attapulgus Creek and a CSX Transportation railroad line. It then heads north-northeast, until it enters Attapulgus, where it meets its northern terminus, an intersection with US 27 Business/SR 1 Business. Here, the roadway continues as Main Street.
No section of SR 241 is part of the National Highway System, a system of routes determined to be the most important for the nation's economy, mobility and defense.
History
SR 241 was established in 1946 along the same alignment as it runs today. Approximately half the route was paved. By 1948, the remainder of the highway was paved.
Major intersections
See also
References
External links
241
Transportation in Decatur County, Georgia
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1189142
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bostrichiformia
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Bostrichiformia
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Bostrichiformia is an infraorder of polyphagan beetles.
It contains two superfamilies, Derodontoidea and Bostrichoidea, which includes the Dermestidae, Ptinidae, Bostrichidae and others.
References
Insect infraorders
Taxa named by William Trowbridge Merrifield Forbes
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35875722
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313%20Coppa%20Italia
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2012–13 Coppa Italia
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The 2012–13 Coppa Italia, also known as TIM Cup for sponsorship reasons and also known as Cup in the Face, was the 66th edition of the competition. As in the previous year, 78 clubs have taken part in the tournament. Napoli were the cup holders. Lazio were the winners, thus qualifying for the group stage of the 2013–14 UEFA Europa League.
Participating teams
Serie A (20 teams)
Atalanta (Round of 16)
Bologna (Quarter-finals)
Cagliari (Round of 16)
Catania (Quarter-finals)
Chievo (Fourth Round)
Fiorentina (Quarter-finals)
Genoa (Third Round)
Internazionale (Semi-finals)
Juventus (Semi-finals)
Lazio (Winner)
Milan (Quarter-finals)
Napoli (Round of 16)
Palermo (Fourth Round)
Parma (Round of 16)
Pescara (Fourth Round)
Roma (Runner Up)
Sampdoria (Third Round)
Siena (Round of 16)
Torino (Fourth Round)
Udinese (Round of 16)
Serie B (22 teams)
Ascoli (Third Round)
Bari (Second Round)
Brescia (Second Round)
Cesena (Fourth Round)
Cittadella (Fourth Round)
Crotone (Third Round)
Empoli (Second Round)
Grosseto (Second Round)
Juve Stabia (Fourth Round)
Lecce (Third Round)
Livorno (Fourth Round)
Modena (Third Round)
Novara (Third Round)
Padova (Third Round)
Pro Vercelli (Second Round)
Reggina (Round of 16)
Sassuolo (Third Round)
Spezia (Third Round)
Ternana (Third Round)
Varese (Third Round)
Hellas Verona (Round of 16)
Virtus Lanciano (Second Round)
Lega Pro (27 teams)
AlbinoLeffe (First Round)
Andria BAT (First Round)
Avellino (Second Round)
Barletta (First Round)
Benevento (Second Round)
Carpi (Third Round)
Carrarese (Second Round)
Catanzaro (First Round)
Chieti (Second Round)
Cremonese (Third Round)
Cuneo (First Round)
Frosinone (Second Round)
Gubbio (First Round)
Lumezzane (Second Round)
Nocerina (Second Round)
Paganese (First Round)
Perugia (Third Round)
Pisa (Second Round)
Portogruaro (Second Round)
Reggiana (First Round)
San Marino (First Round)
Sorrento (Second Round)
Südtirol (Second Round)
Trapani (Second Round)
Treviso (First Round)
Vicenza (Third Round)
Virtus Entella (Second Round)
LND – Serie D (9 teams)
Arezzo (First Round)
Chieri (First Round)
Marino (First Round)
Cosenza (First Round)
Delta Porto Tolle (First Round)
Este (First Round)
Pontisola (Second Round)
Sambenedettese (First Round)
Sarnese (First Round)
Format and seeding
Teams enter the competition at various stages, as follows:
First phase (one-legged fixtures)
First round: 36 teams from Lega Pro and Serie D start the tournament
Second round: the 18 winners from the previous round are joined by the 22 Serie B teams
Third round: the 20 winners from the second round meet the 12 Serie A sides seeded 9–20
Fourth round: the 16 survivors face each other
Second phase
Round of 16 (one-legged): the 8 fourth round winners are inserted into a bracket with the Serie A clubs seeded 1–8
Quarter-finals (one-legged)
Semi-finals (two-legged)
Final (one-legged) at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome
Elimination rounds
The draw for 2012–13 Coppa Italia took place on 25 July.
Section 1
Match details
First round
Second round
Third round
Fourth round
Section 2
Match details
First round
Second round
Third round
Fourth round
Section 3
Match details
First round
Second round
Third round
Fourth round
Section 4
Match details
First round
Second round
Third round
Fourth round
Section 5
Match details
First round
Second round
Third round
Fourth round
Section 6
Match details
First round
Second round
Third round
Fourth round
Section 7
Match details
First round
Second round
Third round
Fourth round
Section 8
Match details
First round
Second round
Third round
Fourth round
Final stage
Bracket
Round of 16
Quarter-finals
Semi-finals
First leg
Second leg
Final
Top goalscorers
References
General
Specific
Coppa Italia seasons
Italy
Coppa Italia
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11122203
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DJ-Kicks%3A%20Hot%20Chip
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DJ-Kicks: Hot Chip
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DJ-Kicks: Hot Chip is a DJ mix album, mixed by Hot Chip. It was released on the Studio !K7 independent record label as part of the DJ-Kicks series on May 22, 2007. It features a new song by Hot Chip, "My Piano".
Background
In an interview with Pitchfork Media, Alexis Taylor said that some of Hot Chip's main influences weren't represented on the album because they wanted to create an album that would be "an interesting experience for people to listen to at home" and not "Hot Chip's Biggest Influences CD". In terms of the band's song choices, Owen Clarke was the least vocal in the song selection, whilst Joe Goddard and Felix Martin "lead the proceedings". Taylor said that parts of the album included artists that all the members of Hot Chip appreciated, such as Grovesnor, Ray Charles and New Order.
Taylor felt "it would've been nice for [the song "Radio Prague"] to take up a little bit more room" as his purpose in choosing it was to "change the mood at that point in the record", but felt the song seemed "a little buried".
Before Hot Chip began work on DJ-Kicks: Hot Chip, "My Piano" was created. The lyrics of the verses are about "accepting failure when you're trying to write or create something", with piano elements inspired by Diana Ross', "My Old Piano".
Track listing
"Nitemoves" - Grovesnor
"I Got a Man" - Positive K
"Like You" - Gramme
"Persuasion" - Subway
"B1" - Soundhack
"Cademar" - Tom Zé
"My Piano" - Hot Chip
"Short Road" - Wax Stag
"Bizarre Love Triangle [Shep Pettibone extended remix]" - New Order
"Jiggle It" - Young Leek
"In the Basement" - Etta James & Sugar Pie DeSanto
"On Just Foot" - Black Devil Disco Club
"Der Buchdrucker" - Dominik Eulberg
"Film 2" - Grauzone
"Radio Prague" - This Heat
"Far East" - Wookie
"Doppelwhipper [live]" - Gabriel Ananda
"You Got Good Ash" - Marek Bois
"Stone That the Builder Rejected" - Lanark
"Man's Got Me Beat" - UM
"Love Affair" - Noze
"Just Fucking [Roman Flügel's 23 Positions in a One-Night Stand remix]" - Audion
"Steppin' Out" - Joe Jackson
"Mess Around" - Ray Charles
References
External links
DJ-Kicks website
Hot Chip
Hot Chip albums
2007 compilation albums
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55458869
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bommanahalli%20%28Vidhana%20Sabha%20constituency%29
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Bommanahalli (Vidhana Sabha constituency)
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Bommanahalli (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is one of the 225 constituencies in the Karnataka Legislative Assembly of Karnataka a south state of India. Bommanahalli is also part of Bangalore South Lok Sabha constituency.
Member of Legislative Assembly
Election results
See also
Bommanahalli
Bangalore Urban district
List of constituencies of Karnataka Legislative Assembly
References
Assembly constituencies of Karnataka
Bangalore Urban district
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1095655
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel%20Johnson%20%28pamphleteer%29
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Samuel Johnson (pamphleteer)
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Samuel Johnson (1649–1703) was an English clergyman and political writer, sometimes called "the Whig" to distinguish him from the author and lexicographer of the same name. He is one of the best known pamphlet writers who developed Whig resistance theory.
Life
From a humble background, Samuel Johnson was educated at St. Paul's School and Trinity College, Cambridge, and took orders. He attacked James, Duke of York in Julian the Apostate (1682).
Johnson was illegally deprived of his orders, flogged, and imprisoned. He continued, however, his attacks on the Government by pamphlets, and did much to influence the public mind in favour of the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Dryden gave him a place in Absalom and Achitophel as "Benjochanan". After the Revolution he was restored to his orders and received a pension, but considered himself insufficiently rewarded by a deanery, which he declined. He was married for many years and suffered from many illnesses.
The Julian tracts
Johnson's 1682 pamphlet Julian the Apostate was a reply to a sermon A Discourse of the Sovereign Power earlier the same year by George Hickes; it was printed by John Darby. With its sequels, it employed a technique of vilification by the use of parallels in classical literature. In 1683 he followed it with Julian's Arts, but the timing turned out badly, with the revelations of the Rye House Plot, and the pamphlet was held back.
Julian the Apostate met with seven published replies, as well as becoming the target of Oxford sermons. These included pamphlets from Hickes (Jovian), John Bennet (Constantius the Apostate), Edward Meredith, and Thomas Long. He was defended by William Atwood in A Letter of Remarks upon Jovian. William Sherlock backed up Jovian and passive obedience in Case of Resistance (1684).
Whig partisan
Johnson was chaplain to Lord William Russell, a Whig leader, from 1679. Russell directed Johnson's attention to constitutional theory. The result of Johnson's researches was posthumously published in 1769 as A History and Defence of Magna Charta; a second edition appeared in 1772. Russell was later caught up in the Rye House trials. Russell's final speech before his execution was printed, and Johnson, Darby, and Gilbert Burnet were questioned about their involvement in its publication.
References
External links
1649 births
1703 deaths
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
English political writers
People educated at St Paul's School, London
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22370820
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim%20Rawlings
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Tim Rawlings
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Charles John "Tim" Rawlings (4 November 1932 – 28 September 2014) was an English footballer. A half-back, he made 231 league appearances in a 15-year career in the Football League. He made the bulk of these appearances for Walsall in between 1956 and 1963, but also had six years without a game at West Bromwich Albion, and also spent two years at Port Vale. He helped Walsall to win two consecutive promotions from the Fourth Division to the Second Division in 1959–60 and 1960–61.
Playing career
Rawlings played for Erdington Albion, before joining West Bromwich Albion in 1950. He spent six seasons at The Hawthorns, but was not handed his First Division debut either by Jack Smith or Vic Buckingham, and was instead allowed to leave the "Throstles" for Walsall in 1956. The "Saddlers" finished 15th in the Third Division South in 1956–57 under the stewardship of John Love. New boss Bill Moore could only take the club to a 20th-place finish in 1957–58, which led them to become founder members of the Fourth Division. They then posted a sixth-place finish in 1958–59, six points and two places outside of the promotion places. Walsall then topped the division in 1959–60 by a five-point margin, to win a place in the Third Division. Walsall then finished second in 1960–61, six points behind champions Bury, to win a second successive promotion. The Fellows Park club finished 14th in the Second Division in 1961–62, before suffering relegation in 1962–63 due to their inferior goal average to 20th placed Charlton Athletic. In his seven years at the club Rawlings played a total of 201 league games, scoring five goals.
Rawlings was signed by Port Vale manager Freddie Steele for a £4,000 fee in June 1963. He made 22 appearances in the 1963–64 season, and played 14 games in the 1964–65 campaign, as the "Valiants" suffered relegation out of the Third Division under Jackie Mudie. Rawlings was given a free transfer to Southern League side Nuneaton Borough in April 1965. He later turned out for hometown club Coleshill Town. He later worked for Lucas Industries.
Statistics
Source:
Honours
Walsall
Football League Fourth Division champion: 1959–60
Football League Third Division runner-up: 1960–61
References
1932 births
2014 deaths
People from Coleshill, Warwickshire
English footballers
Association football midfielders
West Bromwich Albion F.C. players
Walsall F.C. players
Port Vale F.C. players
Nuneaton Borough F.C. players
Coleshill Town F.C. players
English Football League players
Southern Football League players
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68803319
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Untitled%20Mario%20film
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Untitled Mario film
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The untitled Mario film is an upcoming computer-animated film to be produced by Illumination in association with Nintendo, with distribution by Universal Pictures. It is the third feature film adaptation of Nintendo's Mario video game series, following the 1986 Japanese-only anime film Super Mario Bros.: The Great Mission to Rescue Princess Peach! and the 1993 live-action film Super Mario Bros. The film is being directed by Aaron Horvath and Michael Jelenic from a screenplay by Matthew Fogel and features an ensemble voice cast including Chris Pratt, Anya Taylor-Joy, Charlie Day, Jack Black, Keegan-Michael Key, Seth Rogen, Fred Armisen, Kevin Michael Richardson, Sebastian Maniscalco, and Charles Martinet.
After the critical and commercial failure of the 1993 film, Nintendo was reluctant to license its intellectual properties for film adaptations. Mario creator Shigeru Miyamoto became interested in developing another Mario film when Nintendo was bringing its older games to the Virtual Console service, and through Nintendo's work with Universal Parks & Resorts to create Mario-based attractions he met Illumination founder Chris Meledandri. By 2016, the two were discussing a Mario film, and in January 2018 Nintendo announced that it would collaborate with Illumination and Universal to produce it. Production was underway by 2020.
The film is scheduled to be released in the United States on December 21, 2022.
Voice cast
Chris Pratt as Mario
Anya Taylor-Joy as Princess Peach
Charlie Day as Luigi
Jack Black as Bowser
Keegan-Michael Key as Toad
Seth Rogen as Donkey Kong
Fred Armisen as Cranky Kong
Kevin Michael Richardson as Kamek
Sebastian Maniscalco as Foreman Spike
Charles Martinet, who voices Mario and various other characters in the franchise, will also appear in undisclosed cameo roles.
Production
Development
After the critical and commercial failure of the 1993 Super Mario Bros. film adaptation, Japanese video game company Nintendo became wary of licensing its properties for film adaptations. According to Mario creator Shigeru Miyamoto, the idea for a new Mario film came from bringing their older games to the Virtual Console and other services; such transitions took time for the company, and Miyamoto recognized that "our content business would be able to develop even further if we were able to combine our long-beloved software with that of video assets, and utilize them together for extended periods." Miyamoto knew that the process of making a film was far different from that of making a video game, and wanted a film expert to lead the effort.
Following the November 2014 hack of Sony Pictures, emails between producer Avi Arad, studio chief Amy Pascal, TriStar Pictures head Tom Rothman, and Sony Pictures Animation president of production Michelle Raimo Kouyate were released revealing that Sony had been attempting to secure the film rights to the Mario franchise for several years. Arad visited Nintendo in Tokyo in February and July 2014 in an attempt to secure a deal. In October, Arad emailed Pascal and said he had closed the deal with Nintendo. Pascal suggested recruiting Hotel Transylvania director Genndy Tartakovsky to help develop the project, while Kouyate said she could "think of 3–4 movies right out of the gate" and expressed hope in "build[ing] a Mario empire." However, after the emails leaked, Arad denied that a deal had been made, stating that negotiations had only begun. BuzzFeed News noted that the emails did not take into account potential conflicts with Sony Pictures' corporate sibling Sony Interactive Entertainment, one of Nintendo's chief competitors.
Through Nintendo's work with Universal Parks & Resorts to create Mario-based attractions, Miyamoto met Chris Meledandri, founder of Universal Pictures' Illumination animation division. Miyamoto found Meledandri's creative process similar to his own, and felt he would be the proper lead for a Mario film. They had started more earnest discussions by 2016, knowing that if they felt it would not work that they could easily walk away. In November 2017, reports emerged that Nintendo was collaborating with Universal and Illumination to make an animated Mario film. Then-Nintendo president Tatsumi Kimishima clarified that a deal had not been finalized, but that an announcement would come soon. Kimishima hoped that if the deal was successful, a 2020 release date would be possible. In January 2018, Nintendo announced that the film would progress with Miyamoto and Meledandri co-producing. Meledandri said the film was a "priority" for Illumination and that it will most likely come out in 2022. He added that Miyamoto would be "front and center" during production. In January 2020, Nintendo president Shuntaro Furukawa stated that the film was "moving along smoothly" with an expected 2022 release date. Furukawa also said Nintendo would own the rights to the film, and both Nintendo and Universal would fund the production.
In August 2021, it emerged that Aaron Horvath and Michael Jelenic were directing the film after the discovery of an Illumination animator's LinkedIn profile that included the film in their list. Following the full casting announcement, Horvath and Jelenic were confirmed to be directing, with Matthew Fogel attached as the screenwriter.
Casting
In February 2021, Mario voice actor Charles Martinet said the possibility of reprising his role in the film would be a "marvelous thing" and that if he were asked to voice Mario, "I'll go in and play with great joy and happiness." In August 2021, Sebastian Maniscalco revealed he was voicing Spike, Mario and Luigi's boss from the game Wrecking Crew (1985).
During a September 2021 Nintendo Direct presentation, Shigeru Miyamoto announced that Chris Pratt, Anya Taylor-Joy, Charlie Day, Jack Black, Keegan-Michael Key, Seth Rogen, Kevin Michael Richardson, Fred Armisen, and Maniscalco would headline the voice cast, and that Martinet would be featured in "surprise cameos". This announcement was met with a mixed reaction from longtime fans; while some welcomed the idea of celebrity actors voicing the characters, others questioned the choices, in particular Pratt as Mario instead of Martinet (who has voiced the character since 1992) or an Italian actor. Meledandri said Pratt would not be voicing Mario with a thick Italian accent.
Animation
The film is being animated by Illumination Mac Guff, which has animated many of Illumination's previous films, in Paris, France. Production was underway by September 2020.
Release
The film is currently scheduled to be released in the United States on December 21, 2022, by Universal Pictures, and will be available to stream on Peacock 45 days afterwards.
Future
In May 2021, Furukawa said that Nintendo was interested in producing more animated films based on its IP if the Mario film is successful. The following November, reports emerged that Illumination was developing a Donkey Kong spin-off film, with Rogen set to reprise his role. In February 2022, Charlie Day expressed interest in doing a Luigi's Mansion movie.
References
External links
2020s adventure comedy films
2020s American animated films
2020s animated films
2020s buddy films
2020s children's adventure films
2020s fantasy adventure films
2020s Japanese films
2022 comedy films
2022 computer-animated films
American action comedy films
American adventure comedy films
American buddy films
American children's adventure films
American children's animated comedy films
American children's animated fantasy films
American children's comedy films
American children's fantasy films
American computer-animated films
American fantasy adventure films
American fantasy-comedy films
American science fantasy films
American science fiction comedy films
Animated films about apes
Animated films about brothers
Animated films based on video games
English-language films
Films about princesses
Films about turtles
Films set in a fictional country
Illumination (company) animated films
Japanese children's fantasy films
Japanese computer-animated films
Japanese fantasy adventure films
Japanese science fiction comedy films
Mario films
Reboot films
Universal Pictures animated films
Universal Pictures films
Upcoming films
Works based on Nintendo video games
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor%20Henry%20Hanson
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Victor Henry Hanson
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Victor Henry Hanson (1876-1945) was an American publisher.
Hanson was born on January 16, 1876 in Barnesville, Georgia to Henry Clay Hanson and Anna O. (Bloodworth) Hanson. His father was a newspaperman who for years he owned and edited The Macon Telegraph and The Columbus Enquirer-Sun. Hanson attended public schools in Macon and Columbus, Georgia and for a short while attended the Gordon Institute in Barnesville, Georgia.
When he was in primary school, Hanson founded a Saturday paper called The City Item. It was first a single-page paper, and he produced the entire paper, from typesetting to delivery. When Hanson moved from Macon to Columbus, he enlarged the paper to many times its original size, changed its name to The Columbus Times, and built up a circulation of 2,500 subscribers. Hanson employed a printer in his father's office to set the type, but solicited the advertisements, wrote the news stories, and made deliveries on horseback. When he was 15 years old, he sold his paper and its equipment for more than .
In 1892, at the age of 16, he became advertising solicitor for Nichols & Holliday, the advertising managers for the Atlanta Constitution; he continued to work there until 1895 when he went to work for the Baltimore World as a solicitor in the classified advertising department. In June 1896 he went to work for The Montgomery Advertiser as a solicitor in the circulation department. Within three months, he was transferred to the advertising department as a solicitor, and in less than six months was in charge of the department, and by the end of the year was advertising manager in of both local and foreign advertising.
Hanson was employed continuously The Montgomery Advertiser until February 15, 1909, when he moved to Birmingham, the advertising receipts of that paper having increased through his efforts 500 percent. Upon going to Birmingham he purchased a third interest in The Birmingham News from the owner and editor, Rufus N. Rhodes, becoming with his newly acquired interests, vice-president and general manager of the paper. On March 1, 1910, shortly after Rhodes' death, Hanson purchased from his widow a majority of the interest in the paper and became its president and publisher. On September 12, 1912, a Sunday edition was launched.
Soon after his move to Birmingham, Hanson was joined by his former employer, Frank P. Glass, who purchased stock in The News and became its editor, retaining for a while his interest in The Montgomery Advertiser. This partnership was severed in 1920, when Hanson purchased Glass's interest in The News. Shortly thereafter negotiations were undertaken for the purchase of The Birmingham Ledger, which, on April 19, was formally absorbed by The News.
On January 4, 1920, Hanson announced that The Birmingham News would give a $500 loving cup each year, beginning with 1920, to that citizen of Birmingham who had during the year best served his city. In February 1921, the coal operators and striking miners composed their differences, Hanson securing from each an agreement to abide by a decision to be made by Governor Kilby.
Hanson was a Democrat but never sought office. He was a member and deacon in the Independent Presbyterian church of Birmingham, a Mason, and a Shriner.
Hanson married Weenona W. Hanson on 1897 in Uniontown. They resided in Birmingham.
Hanson died on March 7, 1945 in Birmingham, Alabama.
References
1876 births
1945 deaths
American newspaper publishers (people)
People from Barnesville, Georgia
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33026746
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleminson
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Cleminson
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Cleminson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
James Cleminson (1921–2010), British soldier and businessman
James Cleminson (1840–1896), inventor of Cleminson's patent axle system for railway rolling stock
Zal Cleminson (born 1949), Scottish guitarist
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69570916
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest%20Field-New%20Bridge%2C%20Newfoundland%20and%20Labrador
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Forest Field-New Bridge, Newfoundland and Labrador
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Forest Field-New Bridge is a local service district and designated place in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.
Geography
Forest Field-New Bridge is in Newfoundland within Subdivision W of Division No. 1.
Demographics
As a designated place in the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Forest Field-New Bridge recorded a population of 52 living in 27 of its 39 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2011 population of 70. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2016.
Government
Forest Field-New Bridge is a local service district (LSD) that is governed by a committee responsible for the provision of certain services to the community. The chair of the LSD committee is Marjorie Gibbons.
See also
List of communities in Newfoundland and Labrador
List of designated places in Newfoundland and Labrador
List of local service districts in Newfoundland and Labrador
References
Designated places in Newfoundland and Labrador
Local service districts in Newfoundland and Labrador
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61667031
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Adventures%20of%20Valdo%20%26%20Marie
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The Adventures of Valdo & Marie
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The Adventures of Valdo & Marie is a 1996 adventure educational video game for Windows by Ubi Soft Entertainment Software.
PC Team praised the game's commitment to being an educational historical adventure. Joystick felt it offered a beautiful experience to players. Personal Computer Magazine thought the game offered a "highly entertaining learning environment".
The game sold 100,000 copies in France alone.
References
1996 video games
Adventure games
Educational video games
Video games developed in France
Windows games
Windows-only games
Ubisoft games
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122507
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washburn%2C%20Missouri
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Washburn, Missouri
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Washburn is a city in Washburn Township, Barry County, Missouri, United States. The current town encompasses the sites of two communities formerly known as Keetsville and O'Day and is named for local pioneer Samuel C. Washburn. The population was 435 at the 2010 census.
History
Keetsville 1850?-1868
Located along the historic Trail of Tears and on the Old Wire Road, Keetsville traced its official settlement to Georgia native John Cureton (1795-1853), who had served as a judge in Washington County, Arkansas before settling on the Washburn Prairie about two miles north of current day Washburn in 1840 and then procured the location of the town. In 1853, Cureton died and ownership of the land transferred to the Englishman James T. Keet (1818-1863), who then laid out the town of Keetsville. The 1850s saw the first real establishment of the town with Keet establishing a store at the site. The growth of the town would be interrupted by the Civil War, as a February 1862 skirmish, a predecessor to the much larger Battle of Pea Ridge the next month in Pea Ridge, Arkansas, would result in the destruction of the fledgling town. Following the war, the town was rebuilt between 1867 and 1869 and in 1868 it was renamed Washburn in honor of an early pioneer to the area Samuel Washburn, who had lived in the area about ten years, before moving to Texas where he was killed in 1838.
O’Day 1880-1892
In the winter of 1879 and 1880, the Atlantic and Pacific Railway — at that time a franchise of the St. Louis and San Francisco Railway — built a railroad line between Pierce City and Seligman, Missouri. This line ran about a half mile west of what was then Keetsville, but soon to be renamed Washburn. Instead of incorporating the Keetsville or Washburn name into the railroad stop at this location, the stop and the community that blossomed next to it was instead named O’Day, after the Irish-born John O’Day (1843-1901), a Springfield-based attorney for the railroad. In the years that followed O’Day grew, adding two hotels, shops, a newspaper, dwellings and in either 1887 or 1888 a post office, while also remaining codependent of neighboring Washburn concerning educational, religious and social life.
Washburn 1868-Present
The community of Washburn, formerly Keetsville, was officially incorporated as a town on August 4, 1880, though it is unclear if O’Day ever incorporated as a separate town. The two communities continued as separate entities through the 1880s and into the 1890s, when in 1892 the O’Day post office was disestablished and the Washburn post office took over for a newly consolidated community, a consolidation that was likely prompted by the building of a public school between the two communities.
Commerce history
Following the establishment of the railroad and the growth of the former O’Day community, many businesses were established in what is now Washburn. Among these were the O’Day House Hotel, Felker & Johnson's mercantile, the Pratt or Cunningham grocery store, J. M. Holton's mercantile, Denbo's grocery, the Brookshire & Chandler drug store, and W. B. Adcock's drug store. Many of these businesses had previously been located in the old Keetsville site, but moved to take advantage of the railroad. The O’Day Globe newspaper was founded in 1887. That same year, Irishman Timothy Patrick Mooney (1833-1912) moved his store and warehouse there from Washburn. In 1887 Reece Brothers built a large store and Postmaster James Buchanan Hurst (1859-1934) a post-office building.
In the original Keetsville location, Postmaster John O. Burton (1798-1852), John Cureton and Garrett Moore (1804-1870) had all established businesses before the war. J. W. Elliott was a silversmith in the 1870s and Blennerhassett & Co. was a hardware store. By 1872, Washburn had 200 to 300 inhabitants, six general stores, three drug stores, a stove and tin store, three hotels, a boot shop, a jewelry store, and a school. In 1880, the same year as the establishment of O’Day, the population was 575. Among the businesses at that time were a nursery, multiple general stores and drug stores. Hotels operated by Mrs. A. Foster and T. P. Mooney. Flour and saw mills and multiple saloons were also in operation at this time. J. C. Thomas was the constable, William Keene Bayless (1850-1930) was the justice of the peace, William Rhoda Felker (1855-1929) was a real estate agent and J. W. Eggleston (1821-?), James Henry McDonald (1831-1917) and James T. Means (1824-1884) were physicians.
In addition to the O’Day Globe, several other newspapers were published in the Washburn area through the years, including Winger’s Journal in 1869, Professor White's Gazette was published briefly and in 1911 The Washburn Review was printed for a short time.
Public school system
Like most early communities in the Ozark Mountains, public education in Washburn likely started in private homes and churches. By 1888, the idea of a permanent public school district was largely settled and a vote on a bond issue that year resulted in the construction of a new brick school building on land between the town of Washburn and the community of O’Day. The site of that school building continues in use today as the campus of that school's modern predecessor, the Southwest R-V School District. The building that the 1888 bond provided for would provide instruction for Washburn area students up until the eighth grade, though by 1920 it had expanded to offering high school classes.
In the early years of the school district there was no bus service, so children too far from the school to make it on foot on a daily basis attended various rural schools in the area, including Trents Creek, Maple Grove, Seven Star, Rock Springs, OK, Jacket and others. A tornado in the early 1920s destroyed the earlier building, so in 1924 a brick, single-story building was built to replace it. In the 1930s the Washburn School District instituted bus service, bringing high school students from the outlying communities into town for instruction beyond the eighth grade. This necessitated the addition of a second story to the 1924 structure as well as a gymnasium attached to the back of it. By 1954 the decision was made to close the Seligman School District in neighboring Seligman and bus those students to the larger Washburn campus. This consolidation resulted in the current Southwest R-V School District. Around this time the decision was also made to close the rural schools, most of them being antiquated in resources and limited in size, and use the bus service to bring the younger students to the former high school building in Seligman, while the Washburn building was then used exclusively as a high school. The Washburn building served as the high school and the Seligman building as the elementary for the next 10 years. Then on March 10, 1964 a heavy snowstorm cause the collapse of the Seligman elementary's gymnasium roof. The residents of the school district then voted to build a new elementary school building in Washburn, alongside the 1924 high school building. The 12 classroom elementary building cost $260,000 and was dedicated on August 22, 1965. The new building included classrooms, a multipurpose room, a theater and a cafeteria. The decision to build the new elementary school in Washburn also spurred a short lived revolt against the school district by residents in Seligman, who were upset at losing the school. The residents formed their own unofficial Seligman common school district and sought a legal order to dissolve the Southwest R-V School District and divide the assets. This action was later dismissed.
On the morning of March 23, 1975, the 1924 high school building caught fire and burned to the ground. The school board quickly set up an election for April 17, 1975 to replace the building on a bond in excess of $200,000. The bond passed with more than the two-thirds majority needed and a new high school building was built and in service the following school year. By 1980 a separate middle school building had also been added to campus and in 1983 a new gymnasium was constructed; in 1982 the gymnasium that had been attached to the 1924 high school building was destroyed by fire. By the end of the 1990s increased enrollment, especially from the rural areas of the district, necessitated the need of a larger and more modern high school. With the construction and opening of this new high school building in the early 2000s, the 1975 high school building became the district's new middle school building and elementary school students occupied both the 1981 middle school building and the 1965 elementary school building, which is currently the oldest building on a campus that dates its original educational origins to the 1888 bond issue.
Washburn today
Through much of the early 20th century Washburn prospered, but the increase in automobile ownership and the elimination of passenger rail service to the town in the 1950s eventually led to a major decrease in businesses and residents. The commercial district along Main Street, which was the heart of the former O’Day community, decayed through the second half of the 20th century, resulting in the destruction of much of the town's historic core, including the razing of the original Atlantic and Pacific Railway train station in the 1960s.
Today the local school district is the town's main employer. There is a bank, a farming supply business, a couple convenient/ gas stations and some smaller businesses that continue to operate in the town. These businesses are largely concentrated in the area of the original Keetsville plat and away from the area that had anchored the town for most of the last century. A handful of historic buildings do remain in downtown Washburn, including the lodge building and the W.B. Adcock's drug store building, which at one time was used as the town's community center and currently and now houses the town's post office.
Geography
Washburn is located in southwest Barry County along Missouri Route 90 just west of Missouri Route 37. Seligman lies approximately 3.5 miles to the south and Cassville is about eight miles to the northeast along Route 37.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 435 people, 178 households, and 110 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 203 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 94.0% White, 0.9% Native American, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 0.2% from other races, and 4.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.6% of the population.
There were 178 households, of which 34.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.8% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 38.2% were non-families. 28.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 3.05.
The median age in the city was 33.1 years. 24.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 14.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.1% were from 25 to 44; 25.8% were from 45 to 64; and 11% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.6% male and 52.4% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 448 people, 175 households, and 121 families residing in the city. The population density was 534.2 people per square mile (205.9/km). There were 186 housing units at an average density of 221.8 per square mile (85.5/km). The racial makeup of the city was 96.43% White, 2.23% Native American, 0.22% from other races, and 1.12% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.01% of the population.
There were 175 households, out of which 38.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.1% were married couples living together, 16.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.3% were non-families. 26.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.01.
In the city the population was spread out, with 29.0% under the age of 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 29.7% from 25 to 44, 17.4% from 45 to 64, and 13.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.7 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $27,417, and the median income for a family was $29,792. Males had a median income of $22,917 versus $20,167 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,401. About 10.4% of families and 13.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.9% of those under age 18 and 20.0% of those age 65 or over.
References
External links
Historic maps of Washburn in the Sanborn Maps of Missouri Collection at the University of Missouri
Southwest R-5 School District
Cities in Barry County, Missouri
Cities in Missouri
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4816608
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common%20Ground%20Health%20Clinic
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Common Ground Health Clinic
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The Common Ground Health Clinic is a non-profit organization that provides quality health care in Algiers and Gretna, Louisiana. Common Ground Health Clinic provides programs to address community health care needs through collaborative partnerships. The clinic started on September 9, 2005, just days after Hurricane Katrina devastated the Gulf Coast.
Common Ground Health Clinic had its beginnings when four young street medics showed up in Algiers a few days after the hurricane. They began riding around on bicycles asking residents if they needed medical attention. Locals were apparently surprised to be approached in this way, since no representatives of government agencies or of the Red Cross had appeared up to that point. The medics offered first aid, took blood pressure, tested for diabetes, and asked about symptoms of anxiety, depression, and other disease.
The clinic was originally set up in a mosque, the Masjid Bilal. Nurses, physicians, herbalists, acupuncturists, EMTs, social workers and community activists came from around the world to volunteer at Common Ground Health Clinic.
Current
The clinic has filled part of the need left by the shuttering in the aftermath of the storm of Charity Hospital, a free public hospital that had served the citizens of New Orleans since 1736. To date, the clinic has recorded over 60,000 patient visits - all at no or low charge to the patient. Staff at the clinic also work in the community to address societal factors that contribute to ill health, such as systemic racism and poverty. Patient services include primary care, Spanish medical interpreting, mind-body medicine groups, herbal medicine, social work, acupuncture and testing for HIV.
The clinic is now located in the space formerly occupied by a corner grocery store, at 1400 Teche Street in the Algiers neighborhood of New Orleans. The budget for 2010 was approximately $1.3 million.
In 2013 the clinic received Federally Qualified Health Clinic status.
Awards and recognition
Dr. Ravi Vadlamudi, a Tulane University physician and first medical director after the storm, was recognized as one of the year's CNN Heroes for his efforts in opening the clinic in the aftermath of the storm.
The clinic was awarded the highest marks by the National Committee for Quality Assurance for its community-based care efforts.
The clinic has been featured in a number of national and international publications and television and radio shows.
External links
Common Ground Health Clinic
References
Hurricane Katrina recovery in New Orleans
Anarchist organizations in the United States
Organizations established in 2005
2005 establishments in Louisiana
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14488330
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakaigawa%20stable
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Sakaigawa stable
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is a stable of sumo wrestlers, part of the Dewanoumi group of stables. It was established in its modern form on 25 May 1998 by former komusubi Ryōgoku, who branched off from Dewanoumi stable. It was originally called Nakadachi stable, but when Sakaigawa-oykakata (the 50th yokozuna Sadanoyama) reached the Japan Sumo Association's mandatory retirement age in February 2003, he passed on the Sakaigawa name, and the stable was renamed. As of January 2022, it had 23 wrestlers, with three of them ranked in the two professional divisions, making it one of the more successful stables.
In June 2020 wrestlers from the stable were among a group of around 20 people who helped rescue a woman from drowning in a nearby river in an apparent suicide attempt.
Ring name conventions
Many wrestlers at this stable take ring names or shikona that begin with the characters 佐田 (read: sada), in honor of the original head of the stable, yokozuna Sadanoyama.
Owner
1998–present: 13th Sakaigawa (iin, former komusubi Ryōgoku)
Notable active wrestlers
Myōgiryū (best rank sekiwake)
Sadanoumi (best rank maegashira)
Coaches
Takekuma Gōtarō (toshiyori, former ozeki Gōeidō)
Kimigahama Yukimi (toshiyori, former maegashira Hochiyama)
Sekinoto Ryūta (shunin, former komusubi Iwakiyama)
Dekiyama Akihiro (toshiyori, former maegashira Sadanofuji)
Yamashina Ryūta (toshiyori, former maegashira Toyohibiki)
Notable past wrestlers
Gōeidō (former ōzeki)
Iwakiyama (former komusubi)
Sadanofuji (former maegashira)
Hochiyama (former maegashira)
Toyohibiki (former maegashira)
Usher
Yūji (jonokuchi yobidashi, real name Yūki Tabata)
Hairdresser
Tokoryū (3rd class tokoyama)
Tokoteru (4th class tokoyama'')
Location and access
Tokyo, Adachi ward, Toneri 4-3-1
See also
List of sumo stables
List of active sumo wrestlers
List of past sumo wrestlers
Glossary of sumo terms
References
External links
Official site
Japan Sumo Association profile
Active sumo stables
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22767153
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDyrmuny
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Žyrmuny
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Žyrmuny (, , , ) is an agrotown in the Voranava District, Grodno Region of Belarus, 16 kilometres from the Lithuania–Belarus border.
The place is first mentioned in chronicles of the 15th century when it was the property of the Butrym family. In 1437 a church was established by the merchant Wojciech Kuciuk. In 1513 it became the property of Field Hetman Jerzy Radziwiłł. In the 17th century it was transferred to the Zawisza family and in 1624 Jan Zawisza build a new church which burned down in the middle of the century. In the early 18th century the village reverted to the Radziwiłłs and was granted town privileges by Polish king August II. In 1788 another church was established, the St. Cross Church, which was designed by Jan Podczaszyński, father of the famous Polish architect Karol Podczaszyński, who was also born in the village. This church survives to this day.
See also
Žirmūnai, a district of Vilnius.
Agrotowns in Belarus
Populated places in Grodno Region
Vilnius Voivodeship
Lidsky Uyezd
Nowogródek Voivodeship (1919–1939)
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42883514
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eryphus%20transversalis
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Eryphus transversalis
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Eryphus transversalis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae.
References
Heteropsini
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20360000
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qntal%20II
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Qntal II
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Qntal II is the second album of the German Darkwave/Gothic Rock/Industrial band Qntal, released in 1995. It features lyrics by Walther von der Vogelweide and other medieval songs combined with modern electronic sound.
The album was re-released by Noir Records in 2007.
Track listing
References
[ Qntal II] at Allmusic.com
1995 albums
Dark wave albums
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36678863
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyler%20City%20Hall
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Tyler City Hall
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The Tyler City Hall at 212 N. Bonner Ave. in Tyler, Texas was built in 1938. It was designed by architect T. Shirley Simons, Sr.. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007. The listing included one contributing building and one contributing site on .
Construction of the building was financed by Depression-era PWA and/or WPA programs. Simons had been hired in 1936 by the City of Tyler "to provide architectural services for publics works projects." Other similar works by Simon were the Mother Frances Hospital and the new Tyler U.S. Post Office and Courthouse. It has been termed "a good local rendering of Art Deco styling".
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Smith County, Texas
References
External links
City and town halls on the National Register of Historic Places in Texas
Neoclassical architecture in Texas
Government buildings completed in 1938
Buildings and structures in Tyler, Texas
City halls in Texas
National Register of Historic Places in Smith County, Texas
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36040445
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim%20Bainey%20Jr.
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Tim Bainey Jr.
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Timothy Bainey Jr. (born April 24, 1978) is an American stock car racing driver. He is a veteran of the Hooters Pro Cup Series and also made starts in what is now the ARCA Menards Series, the NASCAR Xfinity and Truck Series, and the East Series. He was born in Philipsburg, Pennsylvania.
Racing career
Bainey began his racing career at Clearfield Speedway in Pennsylvania in 1988, winning the track championship in 1995. Following competing on a limited schedule in the ARCA Re/MAX Series between 1997 and 2000, Bainey raced for a number of years in the USAR Hooters Pro Cup Series, competing in the series' North Division; he posted one top 5 finish and a best national points finish of 21st over 8 years and 78 races of competition, while he finished in the top 10 in North Division points three times during his Pro Cup career. Bainey also competed in late model races across southern New England during the early to mid 2000s.
Bainey made his debut in NASCAR competition in the Busch North Series at Holland International Speedway in 2005, finishing 17th in his first race in the series. He made his debut in the Camping World Truck Series at Dover International Speedway in 2009, finishing 15th, his best career finish in the series, and on the lead lap in his first race; he also led a lap during the event. He would make 7 additional starts in the series over the next two years, with his last start coming in September 2010 at New Hampshire Motor Speedway in a truck owned by Dale Brackett.
After over a year's hiatus from racing, Bainey returned to NASCAR competition in 2012, driving for SR² Motorsports at Dover in the Nationwide Series 5-hour Energy 200. He started 41st, was wrecked by race leader Joey Logano after 144 laps of competition, and finished 28th.
Bainey also competed in the K&N Pro Series East event at CNB Bank Raceway Park, a track he co-owns along with his father, Tim Bainey Sr., in July 2012, finishing 10th.
Personal life
Bainey is married to Nikki.
Motorsports career results
NASCAR
(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.)
Nationwide Series
Camping World Truck Series
K&N Pro Series East
ARCA Bondo/Mar-Hyde Series
(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.)
References
External links
Living people
1978 births
People from Philipsburg, Centre County, Pennsylvania
Racing drivers from Pennsylvania
NASCAR drivers
ARCA Menards Series drivers
CARS Tour drivers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Breeze%20%28radio%20station%29
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The Breeze (radio station)
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The Breeze was the name of two easy listening radio stations in Essex and Surrey. The stations are today part of the Gold network.
History
Breeze Essex
Starting life as the medium wave frequencies of Essex Radio, the frequencies split in July 1989, when Breeze AM was born. It later changed name to simply Breeze, then The Breeze. In 2000, the GWR Group bought Essex Radio and Breeze became Classic Gold Breeze despite petitioning by locals. The word Breeze was later dropped as it became part of the Classic Gold Digital network.
Breeze Surrey
Breeze 1521 was formerly known as Fame 1521, Mercury Xtra and Extra AM. It came about when Mercury FM split its AM and FM frequencies to form two services. Just like its sister station in Essex it became Classic Gold Breeze then it became part of the Classic Gold Digital network.
Today
Since August 2007 after another take over by Global Radio, both services have become Gold and offer very few local programmes.
At present Breeze AM is an online station with a music policy of love songs and easy listening.
References
Defunct radio stations in the United Kingdom
Radio stations in Surrey
Radio stations in Essex
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casuarina%20cunninghamiana
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Casuarina cunninghamiana
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Casuarina cunninghamiana, commonly known as river oak or river she-oak, is a she-oak species of the genus Casuarina. The native range in Australia extends from Daly River in the Northern Territory, north and east in Queensland and eastern New South Wales.
Description
The River Oak is an evergreen tree with fine greyish green needle-like foliage that grows to a height of with a spread of about . The trunk is usually erect, with dense rough bark. Flowers are reddish-brown in the male and red in the female. Cones are small, nearly round to elongated and about across.
Habitat
Trees are usually found in sunny locations along stream banks and swampy areas. It's widely recognised as an important tree for stabilising riverbanks and for soil erosion prevention accepting wet and dry soils. The foliage is quite palatable to stock. C. cunninghamiana is frost tolerant down to around and is widely used effectively as a screening plant. It is useful on windy sites and is also suited to coastal areas. C. cunninghamiana has been introduced into several other countries for the purpose of agroforestry.
Subspecies
There are two subspecies:
C. cunninghamiana subsp. cunninghamiana. Large tree to tall. Eastern New South Wales, north and east Queensland.
C. cunninghamiana subsp. miodon. Small tree to tall. Daly River and Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory and the Gulf of Carpentaria in Queensland.
The species has many common names including River Oak, River She-oak or Creek Oak.
Invasive species
Casuarina cunninghamiana is an invasive species in the Everglades in Florida and in South Africa.
References
External links
Australian Biological Resources Study
GBIF: Casuarina cunninghamiana (showing occurrence data and further images)
cunninghamiana
Trees of Australia
Fagales of Australia
Flora of Queensland
Flora of New South Wales
Drought-tolerant trees
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazzu
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Cazzu
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Julieta Emilia Cazzuchelli (born December 16, 1993), known professionally as Cazzu, is an Argentine rapper, singer, and composer. Born and raised in Ledesma, Jujuy, she gained popularity with her singles "Loca", "Toda", "Pa Mi" and "Chapiadora".
Early life
Julieta Emilia Cazzuchelli was born on 16 December 1993 in Ledesma, Jujuy. She had been interested in music since she was eleven years old. She started singing with her father, who was also a musician and who inspired her to become one. When she finished high school, she moved to Tucumán to study cinematography and, some time after, she moved to the Buenos Aires Province to study graphic design.
Career
Cazzu started her musical career as a cumbia singer and then as a rock singer, in which she was not very successful. After kicking off her music career in cumbia and rock, she tested the waters in the urban scene, dropping real unapologetic songs about female empowerment. She started her musical career as Cazzu as an independent artist, paying for her first recordings and video clips. In an interview with Billboard Argentina, she said: "For me, Cazzu is everything I want to be. She's my alter ego, she's a damn superhero."
She gained popularity in the Latin trap music scene after the release of her collaboration "Loca" with fellow Argentine trap singers Khea and Duki. The song became even more popular after Bad Bunny joined for the remix.
Discography
Studio albums
Mixtapes
EPs
Singles
As lead artist
As a featured artist
Awards and nominations
References
1993 births
Living people
Latin trap musicians
Argentine trap musicians
Argentine reggaeton musicians
Argentine women rappers
Feminist musicians
People from Jujuy Province
21st-century Argentine women singers
Women in Latin music
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.%20J.%20Corrado
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A. J. Corrado
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Andrew Jordan "A. J." Corrado (born January 8, 1992) is a former American professional soccer player who played as a midfielder.
Career
Early career
In high school, Corrado was named the 2010 Indiana High School Gatorade Player of the Year as well as an ESPN Rise First Team All-American after notching 24 goals and 25 assists as his team won the IHSAA State Championship in his senior season.
Corrado started his college soccer in 2010 at Southern Methodist University before transferring to Indiana University in 2011. While at Indiana University, he helped lead the Hoosiers to the 2012 NCAA National Championship with a team-leading 12 assists. That same year Corrado was chosen as a First Team All-Big Ten selection. His Senior year he was named a Capital One Academic All-American and a Senior CLASS Award finalist.
Professional
On January 16, 2014 it was announced that Corrado had been drafted by San Jose Earthquakes of Major League Soccer in the third-round (47th overall) of the 2014 MLS SuperDraft. However, Corrado didn't earn a contract with San Jose.
On April 8, 2014 Corrado signed with NASL club Indy Eleven.
References
External links
Indiana player profile
1992 births
Living people
American soccer players
Association football midfielders
Indiana Hoosiers men's soccer players
Indy Eleven players
North American Soccer League players
People from Zionsville, Indiana
San Jose Earthquakes draft picks
SMU Mustangs men's soccer players
Soccer players from Indiana
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Philosophical%20Quarterly
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The Philosophical Quarterly
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The Philosophical Quarterly is a quarterly academic journal of philosophy established in 1950 and published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Scots Philosophical Club and the University of St Andrews. Since 2014 its publisher is Oxford Academic. Every year the journal holds an Essay Prize. The journal is sometimes considered one of the top-ten publication venues in philosophy.
Notable articles
"Extreme and Restricted Utilitarianism" (1956) - J.J.C. Smart
"Rawls’ Theory of Justice" (1973) - R.M. Hare
"Epiphenomenal Qualia" (1982) - Frank Jackson
"De Re Senses" (1984) - John McDowell
"Jackson on Physical Information and Qualia" - Terrance Horgan
"Dispositions and Conditionals" (1994) - C. B. Martin
"The Content of Perceptual Experience" (1994) - John McDowell
References
External links
The Scots Philosophical Club
Philosophy journals
Wiley-Blackwell academic journals
Publications established in 1950
Quarterly journals
English-language journals
Contemporary philosophical literature
1950 establishments in Scotland
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberwarfare%20by%20Russia
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Cyberwarfare by Russia
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Cyberwarfare by Russia includes denial of service attacks, hacker attacks, dissemination of disinformation and propaganda, participation of state-sponsored teams in political blogs, internet surveillance using SORM technology, persecution of cyber-dissidents and other active measures. According to investigative journalist Andrei Soldatov, some of these activities were coordinated by the Russian signals intelligence, which was part of the FSB and formerly a part of the 16th KGB department.
An analysis by the Defense Intelligence Agency in 2017 outlines Russia's view of "Information Countermeasures" or IPb (informatsionnoye protivoborstvo) as "strategically decisive and critically important to control its domestic populace and influence adversary states", dividing 'Information Countermeasures' into two categories of "Informational-Technical" and "Informational-Psychological" groups. The former encompasses network operations relating to defense, attack, and exploitation and the latter to "attempts to change people's behavior or beliefs in favor of Russian governmental objectives."
Online presence
US journalist Pete Earley described his interviews with former senior Russian intelligence officer Sergei Tretyakov, who defected to the United States in 2000:
Tretyakov did not specify the targeted web sites, but made clear they selected the sites which are most convenient for distributing the specific information. According to him, during his work in New York City in the end of the 1990s, one of the most frequent subjects was the War in Chechnya.
According to a publication in Russian computer weekly Computerra, "just because it became known that anonymous editors are editing articles in English Wikipedia in the interests of UK and US intelligence and security services, it is also likely that Russian security services are involved in editing Russian Wikipedia, but this is not even interesting to prove it — because everyone knows that security bodies have a special place in the structure of our [Russian] state"
Cyberattacks
It has been claimed that Russian security services organized a number of denial of service attacks as a part of their cyber-warfare against other countries, such as the 2007 cyberattacks on Estonia and the
2008 cyberattacks on Russia, South Ossetia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan. One identified young Russian hacker said that he was paid by Russian state security services to lead hacking attacks on NATO computers. He was studying computer sciences at the Department of the Defense of Information. His tuition was paid for by the FSB.
Estonia
In April 2007, following a diplomatic row with Russia over a Soviet war memorial, Estonia was targeted by a series of cyberattacks on financial, media, and government websites which were taken down by an enormous volume of spam being transmitted by botnets in what is called a distributed denial-of-service attack. Online banking was made inaccessible, government employees were suddenly unable to communicate via e-mail, and media outlets could not distribute news. The attacks reportedly came from Russian IP addresses, online instructions were in Russian, and Estonian officials traced the systems controlling the cyberattacks back to Russia. However, some experts held doubts that the attacks were carried out by the Russian government itself. A year after the attack NATO founded the Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence in Tallinn as a direct consequence of the attacks.
France
In 2015, the Paris-based French broadcasting service TV5Monde was attacked by hackers who used malicious software to attack and destroy the network's systems and take all twelve of its channels off the air. The attack was initially claimed by a group calling themselves the "Cyber Caliphate" however a more in-depth investigation by French authorities revealed the attack on the network had links to APT28, a GRU-affiliated hacker group. In May 2017, on the eve of the French presidential election, more than 20,000 e-mails belonging to the campaign of Emmanuel Macron were dumped on an anonymous file-sharing website, shortly after the campaign announced they had been hacked. Word of the leak spread rapidly through the Internet, facilitated by bots and spam accounts. An analysis by Flashpoint, an American cybersecurity firm, determined with "moderate confidence" that APT28 was the group behind the hacking and subsequent leak.
In February 2021 the Agence nationale de la sécurité des systèmes d'information said that "several French entities" were breached by Sandworm in a three year long campaign from late 2017 to 2020 in which Sandworm compromised the French software firm Centreon in order to install two pieces of malware into its clients' networks. Similar to the 2020 United States federal government data breach. The ANSSI said the breach "mostly affected information technology providers, especially web hosting providers." Russia has denied being behind the cyberattack. Centreon said in a statement that it "has taken note of the information," and that it is has proven vulribliuty involved a commercial version of Centeron software.
Georgia
On 20 July 2008, the website of the Georgian president, Mikheil Saakashvili, was rendered inoperable for twenty-four hours by a series of denial of service attacks. Shortly after, the website of the National Bank of Georgia and the parliament were attacked by hackers who plastered images of Mikheil Saakashvili and former Nazi leader Adolf Hitler. During the war, many Georgian government servers were attacked and brought down, reportedly hindering communication and the dissemination of crucial information. According to technical experts, this is the first recorded instance in history of cyberattacks coinciding with an armed conflict.
An independent US-based research institute US Cyber Consequences Unit report stated the attacks had "little or no direct involvement from the Russian government or military". According to the institute's conclusions, some several attacks originated from the PCs of multiple users located in Russia, Ukraine and Latvia. These users were willingly participating in cyberwarfare, being supporters of Russia during the 2008 South Ossetia war, while some other attacks also used botnets.
Germany
In 2015, a high-ranking security official stated that it was "highly plausible" that a cybertheft of files from the German Parliamentary Committee investigating the NSA spying scandal, later published by WikiLeaks, was conducted by Russian hackers. In late 2016, Bruno Kahl, president of the Bundesnachrichtendienst warned of data breaches and misinformation-campaigns steered by Russia. According to Kahl, there are insights that cyberattacks occur with no other purpose than to create political uncertainty. Süddeutsche Zeitung reported in February 2017 that a year-long probe by German intelligence "found no concrete proof of [Russian] disinformation campaigns targeting the government". By 2020 however German investigators had collected enough evidence to identify one suspect.
Hans-Georg Maaßen, head of the country's Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution, noted "growing evidence of attempts to influence the [next] federal election" in September 2017 and "increasingly aggressive cyber espionage" against political entities in Germany. The New York Times reported on 21 September 2017, three days before the German federal election, that there was little to suggest any Russian interference in the election. In 2021 the European Commission has accused Russia of trying to interfere in European democratic processes just days before the parliamentary election on September 26 in Germany.
Kyrgyzstan
Beginning in mid-January 2009, Kyrgyzstan's two main ISPs came under a large-scale DDoS attack, shutting down websites and e-mail within the country, effectively taking the nation offline. The attacks came at a time when the country's president, Kurmanbek Bakiyev, was being pressured by both domestic actors and Russia to close a U.S. air base in Kyrgyzstan. The Wall Street Journal reported the attacks had been carried out by a Russian "cyber-militia".
Poland
A three-year pro-Russian disinformation campaign on Facebook with an audience of 4.5 million Poles was discovered in early 2019 by OKO.press and Avaaz. The campaign published fake news and supported three Polish pro-Russian politicians and their websites: Adam Andruszkiewicz, former leader of the ultra-nationalist and neo-fascist All-Polish Youth and, , Secretary of State in the Polish Ministry of Digitisation; Janusz Korwin-Mikke; and Leszek Miller, an active member of the Polish United Workers' Party during the communist epoch and a prime minister of Poland during the post-communist epoch. Facebook responded to the analysis by removing some of the web pages.
South Korea
According to two United States intelligence officials that talked to The Washington Post, and also the findings of cybersecurity analyst Michael Matonis, Russia is likely behind the cyber attacks against the 2018 Winter Olympics in South Korea. The worm responsible for these cyber attacks is known as "Olympic Destroyer".
The worm targeted all Olympic IT infrastructure, and succeeded in taking down WiFi, feeds to jumbotrons, ticketing systems, and other Olympic systems. It was timed to go off at the start of the opening ceremonies. It was unique in that the hackers attempted to use many false signatures to blame other countries such as North Korea and China.
Ukraine
In March 2014, a Russian cyber weapon called Snake or "Ouroboros" was reported to have created havoc on Ukrainian government systems. The Snake tool kit began spreading into Ukrainian computer systems in 2010. It performed Computer Network Exploitation (CNE), as well as highly sophisticated Computer Network Attacks (CNA).
From 2014 to 2016, according to CrowdStrike, the Russian APT Fancy Bear used Android malware to target the Ukrainian Army's Rocket Forces and Artillery. They distributed an infected version of an Android app whose original purpose was to control targeting data for the D-30 Howitzer artillery. The app, used by Ukrainian officers, was loaded with the X-Agent spyware and posted online on military forums. CrowdStrike claims the attack was successful, with more than 80% of Ukrainian D-30 Howitzers destroyed, the highest percentage loss of any artillery pieces in the army (a percentage that had never been previously reported and would mean the loss of nearly the entire arsenal of the biggest artillery piece of the Ukrainian Armed Forces.). According to the Ukrainian army, this number is incorrect and that losses in artillery weapons "were way below those reported" and that these losses "have nothing to do with the stated cause".
The U.S. government concluded after a study that a cyber attack caused a power outage in Ukraine which left more than 200,000 people temporarily without power. The Russian hacking group Sandworm or the Russian government were possibly behind the malware attack on the Ukrainian power grid as well as a mining company and a large railway operator in December 2015. A similar attack occurred in December 2016.
In February 2021 Ukraine accused Russia of attacking the System of Electronic Interaction of Executive Bodies a web portal used by the Ukrainian government to circulate documents by uploaded documents that contained macroscripts which if downloaded and enabled would lead to the computer to secretly download malware that would allow hackers to take over a computer.
In January 2022 Ukraine a cyber attack took down the website of the ministry of foreign affairs and other government agencies. Although an investigation has not been conclusive the cyber attacks coincide with the Russo-Ukraine Crisis
In February 2022, before and after Russian troops entered eastern Ukraine amid an environment of escalating tensions between Ukraine and Russia, several major Ukrainian governmental and business websites were taken down by a series of cyberattacks. U.S. officials attributed the attacks to Russian attackers, although the Russian government denied involvement.
2014 Ukrainian presidential election
Pro-Russian hackers launched a series of cyberattacks over several days to disrupt the May 2014 Ukrainian presidential election, releasing hacked emails, attempting to alter vote tallies, and delaying the final result with distributed denial-of-service (DDOS) attacks. Malware that would have displayed a graphic declaring far-right candidate Dmytro Yarosh the electoral winner was removed from Ukraine's Central Election Commission less than an hour before polls closed. Despite this, Channel One Russia "reported that Mr. Yarosh had won and broadcast the fake graphic, citing the election commission's website, even though it had never appeared there." According to Peter Ordeshook: "These faked results were geared for a specific audience in order to feed the Russian narrative that has claimed from the start that ultra-nationalists and Nazis were behind the revolution in Ukraine."
United Kingdom "Brexit" referendum
In the run up to the referendum on the United Kingdom exiting the European Union ("Brexit"), Prime Minister David Cameron suggested that Russia "might be happy" with a positive Brexit vote, while the Remain campaign accused the Kremlin of secretly backing a positive Brexit vote. In December 2016, Ben Bradshaw MP claimed in Parliament that Russia had interfered in the Brexit referendum campaign.<ref>Highly probable' that Russia interfered in Brexit referendum, Labour MP says' (13 December 2016) Independent </ref> In February 2017, Bradshaw called on the British intelligence service, Government Communications Headquarters, currently under Boris Johnson as Foreign Secretary, to reveal the information it had on Russian interference. In April 2017, the House of Commons Public Administration and Constitutional Affairs Select Committee issued a report stating, in regard to the June 2016 collapse of the government's voter registration website less than two hours prior to the originally scheduled registration deadline (which was then extended), that "the crash had indications of being a DDOS 'attack.'" The report also stated that there was "no direct evidence" supporting "these allegations about foreign interference." A Cabinet Office spokeswoman responded to the report: "We have been very clear about the cause of the website outage in June 2016. It was due to a spike in users just before the registration deadline. There is no evidence to suggest malign intervention."
In June 2017, it was reported by The Guardian that "Leave" campaigner Nigel Farage was a "person of interest" in the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation into Russian interference in the United States 2016 Presidential election. In October 2017, Members of Parliament in the Culture, Media and Sport Committee demanded that Facebook, Twitter, Google and other social media corporations, to disclose all adverts and details of payments by Russia in the Brexit campaign.
United States
In April 2015, CNN reported that "Russian hackers" had "penetrated sensitive parts of the White House" computers in "recent months." It was said that the FBI, the Secret Service, and other U.S. intelligence agencies categorized the attacks as "among the most sophisticated attacks ever launched against U.S. government systems."
In 2015, CNN reported that Russian hackers, likely working for the Russian government, are suspected in the State Department hack. Federal law enforcement, intelligence and congressional officials briefed on the investigation say the hack of the State Department email system is the "worst ever" cyberattack intrusion against a federal agency.
In February 2016, senior Kremlin advisor and top Russian cyber official Andrey Krutskikh told the Russian national security conference in Moscow that Russia was working on new strategies for the "information arena" that was equivalent to testing a nuclear bomb and would "allow us to talk to the Americans as equals".
In 2016, the release of hacked emails belonging to the Democratic National Committee, John Podesta, and Colin Powell, among others, through DCLeaks and WikiLeaks was said by private sector analysts and US intelligence services to have been of Russian origin. Also, in December 2016, Republicans and Democrats on the Senate Committee on Armed Services called for "a special select committee to investigate Russian attempts to influence the presidential election".
In 2018, the United States Computer Emergency Response Team released an alert warning that the Russian government was executing "a multi-stage intrusion campaign by Russian government cyber actors who targeted small commercial facilities' networks where they staged malware, conducted spear phishing, and gained remote access into energy sector networks." It further noted that "[a]fter obtaining access, the Russian government cyber actors conducted network reconnaissance, moved laterally, and collected information pertaining to Industrial Control Systems." The hacks targeted at least a dozen U.S. power plants, in addition to water processing, aviation, and government facilities.
In June 2019, the New York Times reported that hackers from the United States Cyber Command planted malware potentially capable of disrupting the Russian electrical grid. According to Wired senior writer Andy Greenberg, "The Kremlin warned that the intrusions could escalate into a cyberwar between the two countries."
Over several months in 2020, a group known as APT29 or Cozy Bear, working for Russia's Foreign Intelligence Service, breached a top cybersecurity firm and multiple U.S. government agencies including the Treasury, Commerce, and Energy departments and the National Nuclear Security Administration. The hacks occurred through a network management system called SolarWinds Orion. The U.S. government had an emergency meeting on 12 December 2020, and the press reported the hack the next day. When Russia's Foreign Intelligence Service performs such hacks, it is typically "for traditional espionage purposes, stealing information that might help the Kremlin understand the plans and motives of politicians and policymakers," according to The Washington Post, and not for the purpose of leaking information to the public.
In February 2021 a report by Dragos stated that Sandworm has been targeting US electric utilities, oil and gas, and other industrial firms since at least 2017 and were successful in breaching these firms a "handful" of times.
Venezuela
After the news website Runrun.es published a report on extrajudicial killings by the Bolivarian National Police, on 25 May 2019, the Venezuelan chapter of the Instituto de Prensa y Sociedad (IPYS), pointed out that the website was out of service due to an uncached request attack, denouncing that it originated from Russia.
False alarms
On 30 December 2016, Burlington Electric Department, a Vermont utility company, announced that code associated with the Russian hacking operation dubbed Grizzly Steppe had been found in their computers. Officials from the Department of Homeland Security, FBI and the Office of the Director of National Intelligence warned executives of the financial, utility and transportation industries about the malware code. The first report by The Washington Post left the impression that the grid had been penetrated, but the hacked computer was not attached to the grid. A later version attached this disclaimer to the top of its report correcting that impression: "Editor's Note: An earlier version of this story incorrectly said that Russian hackers had penetrated the U.S. electric grid. Authorities say there is no indication of that so far. The computer at Burlington Electric that was hacked was not attached to the grid."
See also
Cyberwarfare by China
Cyberwarfare in the United States
DarkSide (hacking group)
List of cyber warfare forcesMueller Report Timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections
Timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections (July 2016 – election day)
Web brigades and Internet Research Agency (aka trolls from Olgino)
Vaccine hesitancy
References
Further reading
Andrew S. Bowen, "Russian Cyber Units," Congressional Research Service, 4 January 2021, https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF11718
Spencer Ackerman and Sam Thielman, "US Officially Accuses Russia of Hacking DNC and Interfering with Election," The Guardian, 8 October 2016, accessed 13 August 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/oct/07/us-russia-dnc-hack-interfering-presidential-election
Halpern, Sue, "The Drums of Cyberwar" (review of Andy Greenberg, Sandworm: A New Era of Cyberwar and the Hunt for the Kremlin's Most Dangerous Hackers, Doubleday, 2019, 348 pp.), The New York Review of Books'', vol. LXVI, no. 20 (19 December 2019), pp. 14, 16, 20.
Public relations techniques
Psychological warfare techniques
Internet in Russia
Information technology in Russia
Federal Security Service
Russia
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64408503
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Lyne
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Michael Lyne
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Air Vice Marshal Michael Dillon Lyne, (23 March 1919 – 21 December 1997) was a senior Royal Air Force officer.
RAF career
Lyne was commissioned into the Royal Air Force on 29 July 1939. He served in the Second World War as officer commanding the Air Gunnery School in Egypt and on the Air Staff at Headquarters RAF Mediterranean and Middle East.
After the war he became officer commanding, No. 54 Squadron in 1946, chief flying instructor at the RAF Flying College at Manby in 1954 and officer commanding, RAF Wildenrath in 1958. He went on to be air attaché in Moscow in 1961, commandant of the Royal Air Force College Cranwell in 1963 and Air Officer Commanding, No. 23 Group in 1965. After that he became senior member of the RAF Directing Staff at the Imperial Defence College in 1968 and Director-General of RAF Training in 1970 before retiring in 1971.
References
1919 births
1997 deaths
Royal Air Force air marshals
Companions of the Order of the Bath
Recipients of the Air Force Cross (United Kingdom)
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54647267
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avoyan
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Avoyan
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Avoyan (Armenian: Ավոյան) is a popular Armenian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Artashes Avoyan (born 1972), Armenian lawyer
Hovhannes Avoyan (born 1965), Armenian entrepreneur
Tatoul Avoyan (born 1964), Armenian rabiz singer
Armenian-language surnames
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43521336
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangster%20%281994%20film%29
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Gangster (1994 film)
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Gangster is a 1994 Hindi film. The movie starred Dev Anand as the lead actor. It also starred Mamta Kulkarni and Manu Gargi as the romantic pair of the movie.
Plot
The story is about a priest, Father Pereira (played by Dev Anand), who unwittingly becomes a witness to the rape and murder of a village woman by the rich man of the village, Chandulal Seth (played by Ajit). Father Ferriera is framed for the crime by Chandulal Seth and is sent to the jail instead. During the jail time spent, Father Ferriera develops a good friendship with some of the jail mates. On release from the jail, he along with his former jail mates decide on taking revenge with Chandulal Seth, who is now one of the richest jewelers of the world.
Cast
Dev Anand
Mamta Kulkarni
Manu Gargi
Ajit as Chandulal Seth
Sudhir
Soundtrack
Soundtrack was composed by Jatin-Lalit.
Box office performance
The movie was average at the box office.
References
External links
Gangster on IMDB
1994 films
1990s Hindi-language films
Indian films
Films directed by Dev Anand
Films scored by Jatin–Lalit
Indian films about revenge
Indian rape and revenge films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Osborn%20%28judge%29
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Robert Osborn (judge)
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Robert Osborn is a Court of Appeals justice at the Supreme Court of Victoria, Australia. He was appointed in February 2012. Before this he was the principal judge in the Common Law Division of the Supreme Court.
References
Judges of the Supreme Court of Victoria
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
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5464255
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me%20Ph%C3%A9lypeaux
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Jérôme Phélypeaux
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Jérôme Phélypeaux (March 1674 – 8 February 1747), comte de (count of) Pontchartrain, was a French statesman, son of Louis Phélypeaux.
He served as a councillor to the parlement of Paris from 1692, and served with his father as Secretary of State of the Maison du Roi and Navy Minister from 1699 onwards. His management of the French Navy was criticised, but recent historiography has reevaluated his contributions. He directed a significant programme of explorations and encouraged the settlement and development of Louisiana. He was responsible for the creation of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres.
His first marriage, in 1697, was with Éléonore Christine de La Rochefoucauld de Roye (known as Mademoiselle de Chefboutonne) (1681–June 1708). Five children were born to this marriage:
Marie Françoise Christine (1698–1701)
Louis François (1700–1708), comte de Maurepas
Jean Frédéric (1701–1781), comte de Maurepas, later comte de Pontchartrain
Paul Jérôme (1703– ?), marquis de Chefboutonne, a soldier
Charles Henri (1706–1734), bishop of Blois
He remarried in July 1713 with Hélène de L'Aubespine (1690–1770), with whom he had two daughters.
Marie Louise (known as Rosalie), (1714–1780)
Hélène Françoise Angélique (1715–1781), who married Louis Jules Mancini Mazarini
In 1715, with the death of Louis XIV and the assumption of power by the Regent, Phélypeaux was compelled to resign his ministries in favour of his son Jean-Frédéric. Effective authority, and later the guardianship of his children, passed to his kinsman Louis Phélypeaux, marquis de La Vrillière.
See also
Château de Pontchartrain
Bibliography
Sara E. Chapman, Private Ambition and Political Alliances the Phélypeaux de Pontchartrain Family and Louis XVI's Government, 1650-1715. Rochester N.Y. : University of Rochester Press, 2004. .
1674 births
1747 deaths
Secretaries of State of the Navy (France)
Secretaries of State of Ancien Régime France
Members of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
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30837017
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20J.%20Hochul%20Jr.
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William J. Hochul Jr.
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William J. Hochul Jr. (born April 1, 1959) is an American lawyer who served as United States attorney for the Western District of New York from 2010 to 2016. Hochul has been the first gentleman of New York since August 2021, when his wife, Kathy Hochul, ascended to the governorship following the resignation of Andrew Cuomo. He was previously the second gentleman while his wife was lieutenant governor from 2015 to 2021.
Hochul is currently senior vice president, general counsel, and secretary to Delaware North, a Buffalo-based casino and hospitality company.
Early life and education
Bill Hochul was born in Buffalo, New York in 1959. Of Romanian-Ruthenian, more precisely Hutsul descent, he graduated from Cheektowaga Central High School in Cheektowaga, New York, just outside Buffalo. Hochul earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Notre Dame in 1981 and a Juris Doctor from State University of New York at Buffalo in 1984. Hochul won the Law School's Moot Court competition. He also earned the Top Oralist award at the National Constitutional Moot Court Competition held in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, in 1982.
Career
Hochul served as an assistant U.S. attorney in the Western District of New York from 1991 to 2010. During that time, he served as chief of the Anti-Terrorism Unit from 2002 to 2007 and as chief of the National Security Division from 2007 to 2010.
Bill Hochul was one of the 18 members of the Buffalo Joint Terrorism Task Force awarded the Attorney General's Award for Exceptional Service, the highest award of the Department of Justice, for "their exemplary performance in the dismantlement of the Lackawanna, New York terrorist cell" which resulted in the 2003 convictions of six Yemeni-American for providing material support to Al-Qaeda. Over his career, Hochul became one of the most highly-decorated federal prosecutors in the history of the Department of Justice, receiving over four dozen honors and awards for his work. Hochul is also generally recognized as the first prosecutor to use the nation's racketeering laws to dismantle violent street gangs.
In 2006, Bill Hochul unsuccessfully applied to a counterterrorism position in the Executive Office for United States Attorneys. A 2008 report by the Department of Justice Office of the Inspector General revealed that Hochul's appointment was one of several appointments that were inappropriately blocked by G.W. Bush's Department of Justice official Monica Goodling due to political considerations. The report found that Hochul was passed over in favor of "a much less experienced, but politically acceptable, attorney". Hochul, who has variously registered to vote as both an independent and Democrat, is married to Kathleen C. Hochul, a longtime, politically-active Democrat. The report concluded that Goodling found Hochul objectionable "because of his and his wife's political affiliation" and instead appointed a registered Republican who lacked counterterrorism experience and did not have the requisite five years of experience as a federal prosecutor.
On December 23, 2009, President Barack Obama nominated Hochul to serve as the United States attorney for the Western District of New York. He was confirmed by the United States Senate by unanimous consent on March 10, 2010. According to the Am-Pol Eagle, Hochul is the first Polish-American to serve as a federal prosecutor for Western New York State.
In 2016, Hochul became senior vice president, general counsel, and secretary to Delaware North, a hospitality and gambling company. Hochul speaks frequently on topics related to corporate culture, compliance, and governance issues. While at the Department of Justice, Hochul lectured frequently, domestically and abroad, on corruption and other criminal law and justice matters.
Personal life
Hochul is married to former Congresswoman and current New York Governor Kathy Hochul, who previously served as the county clerk of Erie County, New York from 2007 to 2011. They have two children.
References
External links
Office of the Inspector General (July 2008). An Investigation of Allegations of Politicized Hiring by Monica Goodling and Other Staff in the Office of the Attorney General.
1959 births
Living people
Lawyers from Buffalo, New York
United States Attorneys for the Western District of New York
First Ladies and Gentlemen of New York (state)
Second Ladies and Gentlemen of New York (state)
University at Buffalo Law School alumni
University of Notre Dame alumni
American people of Polish descent
20th-century American lawyers
21st-century American lawyers
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37811644
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg%20Ertl
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Georg Ertl
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Georg Ertl (17 March 1901 – 22 October 1968) was a German international footballer.
References
1901 births
1968 deaths
Association football goalkeepers
German footballers
Germany international footballers
TSV 1860 Munich managers
German football managers
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55805987
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livin%27%20Like%20Hippies%20Tour
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Livin' Like Hippies Tour
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The Livin’ Like Hippies Tour is the eighth headlining concert tour by American country music artist Miranda Lambert. It began on January 18, 2018, in Greenville, South Carolina and ended on June 17, 2018, in Grand Junction, Colorado. It is Lambert’s second tour in support of her sixth studio album The Weight of These Wings (2016) following the Highway Vagabond Tour.
Background and show
The tour was announced in September 2017, and the tour name “Livin’ Like Hippies” are lyrics from the track, “Highway Vagabond”.
Lambert opens the show with "That's The Way That The World Goes 'Round" and "Kerosene". After singing past hits and album tracks she ends with "Little Red Wagon".
Critical reception
Timothy Finn of The Kansas City Star writes, "Miranda Lambert shows Sprint Center crowd why country music needs more women stars." Also "But Lambert’s more effective songs are those in which she is at her most vulnerable, in which she admits to her deficiencies and bares her faults, and she sang several of those."
Maggie Jones of Knoxville News Sentinel described the Knoxville show as Lambert "...showcased sass, vulnerability and most of all, relatability, as she sang about her quirks, flaws and passions, and how she's accepted them."
Opening acts
Brent Cobb
Ashley McBryde
Jon Pardi
Lucie Silvas
The Steel Woods
Sunny Sweeney
Turnpike Troubadours
Charlie Worsham
Setlist
"That's The Way That The World Goes 'Round"
"Kerosene"
"Highway Vagabond"
"We Should Be Friends"
”Vice"
”Heart Like Mine"
”Bathroom Sink"
"Over You"
"All Kinds of Kinds"
"The House That Built Me"
"Gunpowder & Lead"
"Ugly Lights
"Mama's Broken Heart"
"Old Sh!t"
"Tin Man"
"Airstream Song"
"Pink Sunglasses"
"Rocky Mountain Way"
"Automatic"
"White Liar"
Encore
"Little Red Wagon"
Tour dates
Box office score
References
Miranda Lambert concert tours
2018 concert tours
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2902581
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Australian%20plant%20species%20authored%20by%20Ferdinand%20von%20Mueller
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List of Australian plant species authored by Ferdinand von Mueller
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This is a list of Australian plant species authored by Ferdinand von Mueller, including naturalised species:
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Z
.
Mueller
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7191056
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silke%20M%C3%BCller
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Silke Müller
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Silke Müller (born 11 November 1978) is a field hockey midfielder from Germany, who won the gold medal with the German National Women's Team at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.
(Senior) National Team achievements
2000 – European Indoor Nations Cup, Vienna (1st place)
2002 – World Cup, Perth (7th place)
2003 – Champions Challenge, Catania (1st place)
2003 – European Nations Cup, Barcelona (3rd place)
2004 – Olympic Qualifier, Auckland (4th place)
2004 – Summer Olympics, Athens (1st place)
2004 – Champions Trophy, Rosario (2nd place)
2005 – European Nations Cup, Dublin (2nd place)
2005 – Champions Trophy, Canberra (5th place)
2006 – European Indoor Nations Cup, Eindhoven (1st place)
2006 – Champions Trophy, Amstelveen (1st place)
2006 – World Cup, Madrid (8th)
(Senior) club achievements
1997 – German Indoor Hockey League (1st place)
2001 – German Field Hockey League (1st place)
2002 – German Indoor Hockey League (1st place)
2002 – European Indoor Hockey Cup (1st place)
2003 – German Indoor Hockey League (1st place)
2003 – European Indoor Hockey Cup (1st place)
2004 – German Indoor Hockey League (1st place)
2004 – European Indoor Hockey Cup (1st place)
2004 – German Field Hockey League (1st place)
2005 – German Indoor Hockey League (1st place)
2005 – European Indoor Hockey Cup (1st place)
2006 – Dutch Indoor Hockey League (1st place)
References
Profile on Hockey Olympica
1978 births
Living people
German female field hockey players
Olympic field hockey players of Germany
Field hockey players at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for Germany
Olympic medalists in field hockey
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
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43834023
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Voyage%20to%20Virginia
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A Voyage to Virginia
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A Voyage to Virginia is an English broadside ballad. Although surviving copies of the broadside date back to the late 17th century, the ballad could have been available in the early to mid-17th century. The ballad is told from the point of view of a soldier, who is saying farewell to his love, Betty. Copies of the broadside can be found at the British Library, the National Library of Scotland, and Magdelene college.
Synopsis
The ballad is told from the perspective of a soldier who is about to leave England for Virginia, despite his lover's entreaties. He urges his lover (Betty) to stay constant and true to him while he is away. He reminds Betty that he has always been true to her and has given her everything she has ever wanted, and now she must let him serve England in the New World. She tells him that she will dress in men's clothing and sail alongside of him under the same commander, but he replies that it is too dangerous and, giving her a ring, promises to come back to her. In the final stanza, the soldier leaves for Virginia and Betty goes home to mourn his departure and to send him happy wishes. It is sung to the tune of "I Live Not Where I Love."
Form
The ballad is written in a variation of ballad meter, alternating between iambic pentameter and iambic tetrameter. Each eight-line stanza combines four lines in the rhyme scheme of traditional common meter (abab) followed by four lines in ballad meter (abcb).
Historical and Cultural Significance
Bernard Bailyn reads A Voyage to Virginia within the larger context of a 17th-century British fascination and anxiety concerning the peopling of the New World with a labor force. This anxiety focused on the dreaded conditions of the transatlantic voyage facing merchants and soldiers, which are anticipated with stoicism by the soldier in the ballad, but also on the transportation of criminals, slaves, and honest laborers who had fallen on hard times. In order to see the ballad within this context of emerging global markets and transportation, Bailyn suggests reading "A Voyage to Virginia" alongside "The Poor Unhappy Transported Felon's Sorrowful Account of his Fourteen Years Transportation to Virginia" and "The Trappan'd Maiden". Catherine Armstrong, on the other hand, argues that "Voyage to Virginia was not a serious commentary on the colonial enterprise, but rather a comic love story about a soldier who had to serve in the New World, and his lover who was reluctant to see him go.
References
External links
Facsimiles and Transcriptions of the Ballad
17th-century broadside ballads
Colonial Virginia
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28280321
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenocalamus%20sabiensis
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Xenocalamus sabiensis
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Xenocalamus sabiensis, or the Sabi quill-snouted snake, is a species of venomous rear-fanged snake in the family Atractaspididae. It is endemic to Africa.
Geographic range
It is found in Mozambique, Republic of South Africa, and Zimbabwe.
References
Broadley, D.G. 1971. A revision of the African snake genera Amblyodipsas and Xenocalamus. Occasional Papers of the National Museums of Rhodesia. Volume 4, No. 33B, pp. 629–697.
Atractaspididae
Reptiles described in 1971
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13055079
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepenthes%20sumagaya
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Nepenthes sumagaya
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Nepenthes sumagaya is a tropical pitcher plant native to the Philippines. It is known only from Mount Sumagaya in north-central Mindanao, where it grows in open areas at elevations from 1600 m above sea level to the summit at 2247 m. It is sympatric with N. pantaronensis and possible hybrids between these species have been recorded. Owing to its unusual combination of morphological characters, N. sumagaya has no obvious close relatives in the genus.
Botanical history
The discovery and recognition of this taxon as a new species was announced online in September 2012, under the placeholder name "Nepenthes species 4".
The species was formally described as Nepenthes amabilis by Andreas Wistuba, Thomas Gronemeyer, Marius Micheler, David Marwinski, Tobias Gieray, Fulgent Coritico, and Victor B. Amoroso, in a paper that was e-published on 6 June 2014. The specific epithet amabilis is Latin for "lovely" and, according to the describing authors, refers "to the extraordinary beauty of the compact specimens with very colorful pitchers and mostly striped peristomes that were observed in situ".
The name used by Wistuba et al. is a nomen illegitimum (illegitimate name) as it is a later homonym; the binomial name Nepenthes amabilis had previously been applied to a man-made hybrid: (N. rafflesiana × N. ampullaria) × N. rafflesiana. That name is itself a later synonym of N. × hookeriana. In the Autumn 2014 issue of Planta Carnivora, Martin Cheek published this species under the nomen novum (replacement name) N. sumagaya.
References
Carnivorous plants of Asia
sumagaya
Endemic flora of the Philippines
Flora of Mindanao
Plants described in 2014
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60214107
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump%20Castle%20%28series%29
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Trump Castle (series)
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Trump Castle is a series of gambling video games published by Capstone Software between 1989 and 1993. The games are named after Trump's Castle hotel-casino in Atlantic City, New Jersey, and were released for Amiga, Apple II, Atari ST, Commodore 64, Commodore 128, and MS-DOS.
Games
Each of the games were published by Capstone Software, a division of IntraCorp.
Trump Castle (1989)
Trump Castle: The Ultimate Casino Gambling Simulation was released in 1989, for Amiga, Apple II, Atari ST, Commodore 64, Commodore 128, and DOS. In the United Kingdom, the game was released in February 1990. In 1991, the game was republished by Capstone along with two non-gambling games as a compilation titled The Big Deal. Trump Castle was also republished by Capstone as Casinos of the World, a 1992 compilation that included two other gambling games.
The game is set at Trump's Castle hotel-casino in Atlantic City, New Jersey, and includes six different gambling games: blackjack, craps, keno, roulette, video poker, and nine distinct slot machines. Each of the games follow the rules and regulations established by the New Jersey Casino Control Commission, except for keno, which, in reality, was not available in New Jersey casinos. The Trump Castle logo is featured onscreen during each of the gambling games. The game manual includes a shortened version of Trump Castle's Guide to Gambling, which explains the rules of blackjack, craps, and roulette. The game also includes coupons for the real Trump Castle.
IntraCorp unveiled the game at the Winter Consumer Electronics Show in January 1989. It was the first software game associated with Donald Trump, and was the first game to be released by Capstone. The game was intended to promote the Trump's Castle resort. Roger Wagner, the president of Trump's Castle, said, "We always like to keep our name, our logo or our picture out there in front of the consumer. Some of the people who buy the software may never have been in Atlantic City. After they see the picture of the Castle and try their hand at the games they might come here and try the real thing."
L.R. Shannon of The New York Times called it an "entertaining and educational" program, while South Bend Tribune noted issues with installing the game. Scott Mace of inCider praised the game: "To use one of Donald Trump's favorite words, this game is quality." Daniel Heneghan of The Press of Atlantic City wrote that the graphics "aren't the 'ultimate' and the different commands needed to run the different games can be confusing, but they do offer a reasonable simulation of the games."
Andrew Baartz of The Australian Commodore and Amiga Review considered the game addictive and praised its realism, calling it the "finest" gambling simulation available. .info rated the game two out of five stars and criticized the graphics, sound effects, and the lack of options, and called it "easily the worst" gambling simulation ever released for the Amiga. The magazine stated that the game lacked realism, noting that the reels of the slot machine games spin up rather than down. Bob Guerra of Run criticized the game for poor graphics, animation, and sound effects, and stated that the slot machines did not look realistic. He praised the graphics of the roulette wheel, but otherwise considered the overall game to be "far from ultimate." Alan Emrich of Computer Gaming World also felt that the game fell short of its goal to be the ultimate gambling simulation, and stated that other computer programs, focusing on individual gambling games, did a better job of recreating the experience.
Trump Castle II (1991)
Trump Castle II was released in 1991, for Amiga and DOS. The game includes baccarat, blackjack, craps, roulette, slots, and video poker, all following the rules of the New Jersey Casino Control Commission. The player is initially given $1,000 to play the various games. The player begins in the lobby of Trump Castle, and uses a point-and-click interface to navigate toward the gambling games or to other parts of the resort, including a hotel suite, the pool, and a restaurant; these areas, represented by digitized images of the real resort, include characters who make comments through popup speech balloons. The game also features a multiplayer option. Included with the game was the Trump Castle Gaming Guide, which is also used by the player to bypass the game's copy protection. Also included was a coupon for a one-night stay at Trump Castle's hotel. Capstone released two standalone add-on disks, Poker and Lots-O-$lot$, which were also compatible with Trump Castle II and its predecessor.
Trump Castle II and its predecessor were both successful, leading Capstone to publish a sequel.
Trump Castle 3 (1993)
Trump Castle 3 was released in 1993, for DOS. Gambling games include baccarat, blackjack, craps, keno, and roulette. The game also features 36 slot machines, and five poker games: five-card draw, five-card stud, seven-card stud, Texas hold 'em, and video poker. In reality, poker games were illegal in New Jersey. The player can customize their character's poker face to include features such as facial hair and sunglasses. The game includes multiplayer for two players via a modem, while online network play allowed up to four players. To provide a realistic casino experience, a bar maid occasionally asks the player if they are interested in purchasing an alcoholic beverage.
Mark Alan Willett of Computer Gaming World criticized the game's long installation time, and wrote that the game "attempts a lot but fails at most of it". Willett praised the appearance of the blackjack and baccarat tables, but was disappointed by the "rough-drawn" graphics of gaming chips and the "oddly-cartoonish" shuffling of cards. Willett also criticized the various slot machine games for their lack of modern design and their similar appearances to each other, and noted that their reels spin up rather than down. Willett further wrote that there "is no way to intelligently" determine which slot machines pay more, "So, playing them is an even worse risk than in a real casino." Willett criticized the poker games as well, stating that the computer players "are unable to present a truly human face," whereas real poker requires evaluation of other players' facial expressions.
Dennis Lynch of the Chicago Tribune praised the graphics and the multiplayer option, considering them to be the game's "big draws". Paul C. Schuytema of Compute! wrote that Trump Castle 3 "comes as close as possible to simulating a real casino" and stated that the gambling games play "very well".
See also
Donald Trump's Real Estate Tycoon
References
External links
Trump Castle series at MobyGames
Casino video games
Amiga games
Apple II games
Atari ST games
Commodore 64 games
Commodore 128 games
DOS games
1989 video games
1991 video games
1993 video games
Video games developed in the United States
Donald Trump in popular culture
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67536226
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just%20the%20Beginning%20%28Margo%20Smith%20%26%20Holly%20album%29
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Just the Beginning (Margo Smith & Holly album)
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Just the Beginning is a studio album by American country artist Margo Smith and her daughter, Holly. It was released in 1991 via Homeland Records and contained ten tracks. The album was a collection of duets between mother and daughter. It was also the duo's first album project together.
Background, content and release
Margo Smith had first found commercial success as a country singer during the late 1970s. Recording for 20th Century Fox and later Warner Bros., she had major hits with songs like "There I Said It", "Don't Break the Heart That Loves You" and "Still a Woman". After her chart success faded, Smith recorded for independent record labels during the 1980s. In the early 1990s, Smith formed a Christian/gospel duo with her daughter, Holly Smith. In 1991, the mother-daughter collaboration signed a recording contract with Homeland Records. They recorded their first studio album during the same time. Just the Beginning was a collection of ten tracks, all of which were duets between mother and daughter. The project was produced Bobby All and Gary McSpadden.
Just the Beginning was released on the Homeland label in 1991. It was Margo Smith's first collaborative release in her career. It was Holly Smith's first album release as a music artist. The album was issued as a compact disc. The album's release would bring success for the Smith duo. Their songs would later find success on contemporary Christian radio, however, no specific singles are mentioned. They would continue collaborating through the 1990s and release more music as a duo.
Track listing
Personnel
All credits are adapted from the liner notes of Just the Beginning.
Musical personnel
Craig Adams – Background vocals
Paul Brannon – Acoustic guitar, electric guitar
Gary Burnette – Acoustic guitar, mandolin
Mark Casstevens – Acoustic guitar
Michael English – Background vocals
Sonny Garrish – Steel guitar
Rob Hajacos – Fiddle
Camille Harrison – Background vocals
Tom Hemby – Acoustic guitar, dobro, electric guitar, mandolin
Phil Kristianson – Piano
Jerry Kroon – Drums
Terry McMillan – Harmonica
Duncan Mullins – Bass
Matt Pearson – Bass
Holly Smith – Background vocals, lead vocals
Margo Smith – Background vocals, lead vocals
Dawn Thomas – Background vocals
Technical personnel
Barry Dixon – Engineer
Craig Hanson – Engineer, mixing
Terry McMillan – Percussion
Gary McSpadden – Producer
Scott Sheriff – Engineer, keyboard overdubs
D. Bergen White – String arrangement, conductor, strings
Release history
References
Footnotes
Books
1991 albums
Margo Smith albums
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28969389
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory%20M.%20Erickson
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Gregory M. Erickson
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Gregory M. Erickson, Ph.D. in paleobiology at Florida State University.
Erickson has published many papers on the ontogeny and growth patterns of alligators and dinosaurs, especially on the theropod Tyrannosaurus rex. Erickson has also been contributing when naming and describing some dinosaur genera, like Guanlong (2006) and Limusaurus (2009). He is a strong proponent to the idea of a dinosaurian origin of birds.
Erickson has been featured in BBC’s program The Truth About Killer Dinosaurs, in which he estimates the bite force of Tyrannosaurus rex. He was also featured in an episode of Science Of Sex Appeal (Discovery Channel), which discuss how dinosaurs reproduced.
Publications
Xu, Xing; Clark, James M; Forster, Catherine A; Norell, Mark A; Erickson, Gregory M; Eberth, David A; Jia, Chengkai & Zhao, Qi (9 February 2006). "A basal tyrannosauroid dinosaur from the Late Jurassic of China" Nature, 9: 715-718.
References
External links
Gregory M. Erickson's profile at Florida State University's homepage.
American paleontologists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
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14407900
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children%20in%20Need%202005
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Children in Need 2005
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Children in Need 2005 was a campaign held in the United Kingdom to raise money for the charity Children in Need. It culminated in a live broadcast on BBC One on the evening of Friday 18 November and was hosted by Terry Wogan, Fearne Cotton, Natasha Kaplinsky and, from RAF Brize Norton, Matt Allwright. The voice over was Alan Dedicoat. A total of £17,235,256 was raised by the closing minute.
According to the Broadcasters' Audience Research Board (BARB), overnight ratings suggested that 10.7 million viewers were tuned into BBC One from 9.00pm to 9.15pm (a 45.1% audience share), the slot in which the Doctor Who mini-episode was broadcast in most regions. This represented the highest ratings that Children in Need had received in eight years.
Television campaign
Artist performances
Girls Aloud performed their song "Biology" on stage at RAF Brize Norton
Katie Melua performed a cover of Canned Heat's 1968 song "On the Road Again"
KT Tunstall performed "Suddenly I See" live from Glasgow
Pussycat Dolls performed their version of "Sway" from the film Shall We Dance?
Madonna performed "Get Together" and "Hung Up"
The Corrs performed "Old Town"
Also appearing were Status Quo, Westlife (live from Belfast), Sugababes (live from Wrexham), Rod Stewart, Craig David, Bryan Adams and Melanie C, and Katherine Jenkins and G4 and ZOO.
Cast performances
The cast of Emmerdale performed their version of High Society
The BBC News team performed their own rendition of Queen's "Bohemian Rhapsody".
Amy Nuttall sang numbers from My Fair Lady
The cast of radio soap The Archers performed a live episode on stage.
The London cast of The Lion King, led by Brown Lindiwe Mkhzi, performed "Circle of Life".
The cast of Bad Girls performed their version of Elvis Presley's "Jailhouse Rock"
The cast of Casualty, Elyes Gabel and Luke Bailey performed a rendition of The Beatles classic I Saw Her Standing There.
Others
Bruce Forsyth presented a special edition of Strictly Come Dancing called Strictly Tap Dancing.
Lauren Cooper picked a fight with Peggy Mitchell in The Queen Vic in a special EastEnders short starring Catherine Tate, Barbara Windsor, Lacey Turner and Kacey Ainsworth.
David Tennant began his adventures as the Tenth Doctor in a special short episode of Doctor Who also starring Billie Piper.
The premiere of the Texas's promotional video for their song "Sleep" featuring comedian Peter Kay.
Jon Culshaw lampooned Terry Wogan and Prime Minister Tony Blair in a sketch featuring Blair himself making a plea for people to donate.
Kim Medcalf performed a big band version of Soft Cell's "Tainted Love".
Liam Mower performed "Electricity" from Billy Elliot The Musical.
In a UK television première of the illusion, magician Scott Penrose performed The Impossible Sawing, a new "box-less" version of the Sawing a Woman in Half illusion, on host Fearne Cotton.
Official single
Liberty X recorded the official single for 2005's appeal. The band recorded a cover of Shalamar's 1982 song A Night to Remember for the charity. The single peaked at Number 6 on the UK singles chart.
Totals
See also
References
External links
2005 in the United Kingdom
2005 in British television
2005
November 2005 events in the United Kingdom
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4470822
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perreux
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Perreux
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Perreux may refer to:
People
Thierry Perreux (born 1963), a French handball player
Places
Perreux, Loire, a commune in the Loire département
Perreux, Yonne, a former commune in the Yonne département
Canton of Perreux, a former canton in Loire and Rhone-Alpes
Le Perreux-sur-Marne, a canton in the Val-de-Marne département
Saint-Perreux, a canton in the Morbihan département
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61263255
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320%20EHF%20Challenge%20Cup
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2019–20 EHF Challenge Cup
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The 2019–20 EHF Challenge Cup was the 23rd edition of the European Handball Federation's third-tier competition for men's handball clubs, running from 5 October 2019 to 24 May 2020.
On 24 April 2020 EHF announced that the competition would be cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic.
Overview
Team allocation
Round and draw dates
All draws will be held at the European Handball Federation headquarters in Vienna, Austria.
On 25 March, the EHF announced that no matches will be played before June due to the coronavirus pandemic.
Round 2
Teams listed first played the first leg at home.
The first legs were played on 5–6 October and the second legs were played on 12–13 October 2019. Some teams agreed to play both matches in the same venue.
|}
Notes
1 Both legs were hosted by HC Dukla Prague.
2 Both legs were hosted by TJ Sokol Nové Veselí.
3 Both legs were hosted by Drammen HK.
4 Both legs were hosted by HC Tallinn.
5 Both legs were hosted by Odessa HC.
6 Both legs were hosted by H71.
7 Both legs were hosted by Livingston HC.
8 Both legs were hosted by Granitas-Karys.
9 Both legs were hosted by HCB Karviná.
10 Both legs were hosted by HC Victor.
Round 3
A total of 32 teams entered the draw for the third qualification round, which was held on Tuesday, 15 October 2019. The draw seeding pots were composed as follows:
Teams listed first played the first leg at home. The first legs were played on 16–17 November and the second legs were played on 23–24 November 2019.
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Notes
1 Both legs were hosted by Masheka Mogilev.
2 Both legs were hosted by Halden Topphåndball.
3 Both legs were hosted by Madeira Andebol SAD.
4 Both legs were hosted by BSV Bern.
5 Both legs were hosted by Beykoz BLD SK.
6 Both legs were hosted by SGS Ramhat Hashron HC.
7 Both legs were hosted by Bregenz Handball.
8 Both legs were hosted by A.E.K. Athens H.C.
Last 16
The draw seeding pots for the Last 16 Knockout round were composed as follows: The draw for the last 16 round was held on 26 November 2019.
The first leg was scheduled for 8–9 February, while the second leg followed on 15–16 February 2020.
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Notes
1 Both legs were hosted by Beykoz BLD SK.
Matches
A.E.K. Athens H.C. won 60–58 on aggregate.
HC Viktor won 73–68 on aggregate.
Valur won 57–55 on aggregate.
Halden Topphåndball won 46–45 on aggregate.
HCB Karviná won 60–57 on aggregate.
HC Dukla Prague won 66–56 on aggregate.
AHC Potaissa Turda won 69–68 on aggregate.
CSM București won 53–52 on aggregate.
Quarterfinals
The draw event was held at the EHF Office in Vienna on Tuesday 18 February 2020. The draw will determine the quarter-final and also the semi-final pairings. Teams listed first will play the first leg at home. For the quarter-finals, there is no seeding as all eight teams will be drawn from the same pot one after another. There will be also no country protection applied in the draw. The semi-final draw will follow using the quarter-final pairings.
The first quarter-final leg is scheduled for 21–22 March, while the second leg will follow on 28–29 March 2020.
The European Handball Federation announced on 13 March 2020, that the Quarter-final matches will not be held as scheduled due to the ongoing developments in the spread of COVID-19 across Europe. On 24 April 2020 the matches were cancelled.
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Matches
Final four
The first semi-final legs was scheduled for 25–26 April 2020, while the second legs was supposed to follow on 2–3 May 2020, but it will be rescheduled and is foreseen to be played in an EHF FINAL4 format in one venue over two playing days. ON 24 April 2020 the matches were cancelled.
Bracket
Semifinals
Third place game
Final
Top goalscorers
See also
2019–20 EHF Champions League
2019–20 EHF Cup
References
External links
EHF Challenge Cup (official website)
Challenge Cup
Challenge Cup
EHF Challenge Cup
EHF Challenge Cup
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20Lace
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Black Lace
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Black Lace is a British pop band, best known for novelty party records, including their biggest hit, "Agadoo". The band first came to the public eye after being selected to represent the UK in the 1979 Eurovision Song Contest, in which they finished seventh with the song "Mary Ann". With numerous line-up changes (the only original member being Colin Gibb), Black Lace went on to have success with novelty party anthems such as "Superman" and "Do the Conga".
Today, Black Lace consists of two working bands: the full-time international band (officially known as The Original Black Lace) featuring original member Colin Gibb, who has taken the band around the world playing party shows throughout Europe, the Middle East, Australia, Canada and the US; and the UK based part-time band, featuring ex member Dene Michael.
Pre-Black Lace (1973–1975)
Terry Dobson and school friend Ian Howarth formed The Impact, as a five-piece pop group in 1969, with Alan Barton, Steve Scholey and Nigel Scott. The group also performed under the names Penny Arcade and Love or Confusion.
Ian Howarth left the band for a short while but returned to the line-up in 1974, and Dobson also left to be replaced briefly by Neil Hardcastle. Dobson then re-joined and Scott left in 1975; that same year the band adopted the name Black Lace. Ian Howarth left the band for good in 1976, and was replaced by Colin Gibb (born Colin Routh, 8 December 1953).
Black Lace (1976–1981)
After turning professional at the beginning of 1976, the band toured the majority of the UK, managed by Keith Mills, commencing their first summer season at the Skegness Bier Garten. The following year their summer season would take them to Butlins in Filey, North Yorkshire and Skegness, Lincolnshire. An EP was recorded and produced by comedian Freddie 'Parrotface' Davis at his studio, which was to be sold at their shows. The group were voted Yorkshire Band of the Year by BBC Radio Leeds, and best clubland group playing at the Winter Gardens, Blackpool.
In 1979, Black Lace recorded their first single, "Mary Ann", for ATV music and a recording contract followed with EMI. As the song required a more 'throaty' vocal, Alan Barton was switched to being lead singer, with Steve Scholey moving to backing vocals for the band's recordings, but remained as lead singer on live performances. The song won the BBC Television's A Song For Europe and the band went on to represent the UK At the 1979 Eurovision Song Contest held in Israel, the band finished seventh. Other television appearances around this time included Nationwide, Multi-Coloured Swap Shop, Top of the Pops and Juke Box Jury. "Mary Ann" reached No. 42 in the UK Singles Chart.
The band's follow-up single, "So Long Suzy Baby", failed to chart in the UK (as EMI couldn't decide on which track should be used and delayed on the planned release date), but achieved success in Europe. Black Lace found great success with live performances and TV shows, notably the 'Sopot International music festival' in Poland and the 'Golden Orpheus festival' in Bulgaria, and on TV in East Germany, West Germany and Spain.
The band toured Denmark in 1980, supporting Suzi Quatro and working with Tommy Seebach, a Danish entertainer. Black Lace and Seebach recorded "Hey Hey Jock McRay" for the Danish singles market, but an intended 1980 tour of Poland was called off because of political unrest in the country.
Chart success (1981–1987)
In 1981, the band split. Dobson joined the Castleford rock band Stormer who had a recording contract with Ringo Starr. Scholey departed, leaving the others to settle huge debts incurred whilst touring. The band became a duo of Gibb and Barton. It was this line-up that would give the band its biggest chart success.
The duo played the Northern club circuit using pre-recorded backing tracks, which was controversial at the time. Initially they used the name 'Lace' but soon reverted to 'Black Lace' and recruited a new manager, John Wagstaff. They recorded an instrumental single based on the "Chicken Dance", released as "Birds Dance" in 1981 (using the name 'Busby' instead of Black lace). However, the record was beaten to the charts by another version of the song by The Tweets released as "The Birdie Song". "Birds Dance" has since been retitled "The Birdie Song" and included on Black Lace albums.
Black Lace's 1983 "Superman" single was their first one under their own name on the Flair label, and a promotional video was shot at Casanova's nightclub in Wakefield. One of the hired dancers was the then unknown singer Jane McDonald. "Superman" reached No. 9 in the UK chart, but an attempt at a follow-up single "Hey You!" failed to chart despite being BBC Radio One's 'Record of the Week'. Black Lace received a silver disc for sales of "Superman". They proceeded to tour Denmark with Danish stars 'Laban' and 'Snapshots'
The band's biggest success came in 1984 with the single "Agadoo", selling over one million copies worldwide and reaching No. 2 in the UK chart. "Agadoo" was a hit in Europe, South Africa and Australia. Having been presented with a gold disc for sales in the UK. In a radio interview, presenter, Richard Whiteley forgets Gibb's name and refers to him as 'Mr Agadoo' (the name, Dean Michaels later adopts for himself, although having no connection with the actual record) The duo recorded their first album Black Lace at Stuck Ranch studios in Denmark. Around this time their record distribution company 'Pinicle' went into receivership, leading to Black Lace and their record company losing an estimated quarter of a million pounds in unpaid royalties for "Agadoo".
The band's follow-up single, "Do The Conga", reached No. 10 in the UK chart, and the accompanying album Party Party – 16 Great Party Icebreakers sold over 650,000 copies in the first five weeks, reaching double platinum status and leading to the band doing TV shows in Germany, Luxembourg, France and Denmark.
In 1985 another single, "El Vino Collapso", was released, with the video shot in Skegness. It failed to reach the top 40, stalling at No. 42 in the UK Singles Chart due to it being 'banned' by the BBC in the wake of the Heysel Stadium disaster, as it had references to "drinking whilst abroad" and deemed unsuitable for radio play. Further releases "I Speaka Da Lingo" and "Hokey Cokey" reached No. 49 and No. 31, respectively.
Black Lace also participated in the recording of the UK No. 1 hit "You'll Never Walk Alone" as part of the charity ensemble, The Crowd (which included members of 10cc, Thin Lizzy, Motörhead, The Hollies, Argent, The Who, The Nolans, The Searchers, Smokey, Gerry and the Pacemakers, plus many more) to raise funds for the families of the victims of the Bradford City stadium fire.
Black Lace's second album Party Party 2 was released for Christmas 1985, and television appearances included a Black Lace special on the BBC 2 rock show The Old Grey Whistle Test, plus 3-2-1, ITV Telethon, Miss Yorkshire Television, International Disco Dance Championship, Pebble Mill at One, and Top of the Pops Christmas Special. Because of such a demanding work schedule, Barton and Gibb found it necessary to charter a private aircraft to meet the deadlines, but the band's success led to a tax demand in excess of £100,000.
In 1986, Dene Michael replaced Gibb, who took time out of live work with Black Lace (remaining an official member of the band) to concentrate on other projects including: promoting pop act 'Party Party' and participating in two tours of Germany, concentrating on a part-time photography business, setting up a food retail outlet, and a music equipment retail and installation business.
Another single, "Wig Wam Bam", (featuring Barton, Gibb and Michael) reached No. 63 in the UK chart, but "Viva La Mexico", which was released to capitalise on the 1986 FIFA World Cup football competition, flopped when England was knocked out. Black Lace (Barton and Michael) appeared as themselves in the filming of the 1987 film Rita, Sue and Bob Too, which featured "Gang Bang" and "Have a Screw", which had been recorded by Barton and Gibb the previous year. The pair where also immortalised as caricatures in the TV show 'Spitting Image' and the hit single 'The Chicken Song'. The band had a UK hit with their album Party Crazy.
Later career (1987–present)
September 1987 saw a switch round, Gibb returned ‘full-time’ with the band whilst Barton left to join Smokie. Michael became a full-time member of Black Lace and he and Gibb released the single "Jammin' the Sixties" under the name Barracuda. The record was BBC Radio One's Record of the Week, but failed to chart.
A summer seasons at the Blackpool Tower followed in 1989 and 1990, plus performances at the 'BBC Radio One Roadshow' in the town, along with the release of the single "I Am The Music Man" which peaked at No. 52 in the UK.
In 1991, due to personal issues, Michael was forced to leave the band to be replaced by Rob Hopcraft. The pair released the single "Penny Arcade", penned by close friend Sammy King, which had originally been a hit for Roy Orbison in 1979. The band appeared on the BBC's Children in Need programme. Under an agreement with Gibb and Wagstaf, not to use the 'Black lace' name, Michael forms new band and uses the name ‘'Barracuda'’ (a pseudonym previously used by Black Lace for the single 'Jamin the 60's)but shortly disband.
1992 Black Lace toured Australia, but Hopcraft was unhappy with a hits album released by an Australian record company as it featured a photograph of his predecessor Dene Michael.
1994 saw the release of the single "Bullshit (Cotton Eyed Joe)", but the race for the charts was won by the Swedish band Rednex with another version of the same song. An album, Saturday Night, followed.
In 1995, Barton died as a result of a coach crash in Germany while touring with Smokie. Also in that year Black Lace shot a promotional video for the single "Electric Slide" in Benidorm, the first video not to be filmed in the UK, and played on British breakfast station GMTV live from Torremolinos in Spain.
Black Lace played one-off shows in 1996 at DJ conventions in Canada and Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States. They released the Action Party and Best Of albums. Gibb was presented with a special Agadoo guitar to celebrate the band's 20th anniversary, but in 1996 Gibb was also made bankrupt by the Inland Revenue.
15 August 1997 was deemed Agadoo Day. Black Lace played 20 shows in 24 hours in Manchester, London, Watford, Northampton, Sheffield, Barnsley, Wakefield, and Leeds, finishing at the Frontier Club, Batley. The event raised over £25,000 for Marie Curie Cancer Care. Peugeot used "Agadoo" in a TV advertisement for the new 106 car, and Black Lace re-recorded the track renaming it 'Agadoo 106 mix', donating all their royalties to 'Marie Curie Cancer Care'. The record spent one week in the UK chart.
A 1999 Black Lace charity reunion concert was organised by their former drummer, Terry Dobson, to celebrate 20 years since the band represented the UK in the Eurovision Song Contest. Live television interviews took place with ITV's Calendar, and the BBC's regional news programmes, on the day of the event. The late Alan Barton's son, Dean, took Alan's place in the band, but original member Steve Scholey declined to attend.
In 2000, Black Lace become the first band to play at the ill-fated Millennium Dome.
2001 brought a totally different line up style as Hopcraft was replaced by female vocalist/dancer Camille Wagstaff, and the single "Follow the Leader" was released before disbanding.
In 2002, Colin Gibb took the original Black Lace show to Tenerife, playing the now internationally famous 'party shows' in hotels and restaurants on the island, occasionally visiting the UK for TV appearances. In 2003, an adult-themed album called Blue (originally recorded in the UK years previously by Gibb and Michael, and 'banned' by their own record label) was released. In 2004, Gibb took the Black Lace show to mainland Spain to appear alongside Elvis tribute artiste Mike Young and other guest acts at 'The King Lives On' cabaret bar on the Costa Blanca, returning to Tenerife for contracted shows in 2005. In 2007, Gibb married in the UK his long-time girlfriend Sue Kelly. In 2008, Gibb was invited to play bass with the Tenerife-based five-piece rock band 'The Phoenix', along with the duos 'To The Limit' and 'Just one more'. More recently, he played in the blues rock band Traveler, in addition to performing the Black Lace Show.
In 2007, Michael started performing again as Black Lace (in contradiction to an agreement with Gibb and record company/management NOW Music, stating he would never use the title 'Black Lace') alongside a new addition, the Liverpudlian singer Ian Robinson. They released a new mambo version of "Agadoo". In the accompanying video, Bruce Jones played a cameo role and directed the event. Roy "Chubby" Brown and Kevin Kennedy also made cameo appearances in the video, as did several members of the cast of the ITV situation comedy Benidorm. On 4 November 2009, the 'new' incarnation of Black Lace was filmed by the British airline easyJet, performing a re-written version of "Agadoo" for release on the video-sharing website YouTube, launching a new air service between Gatwick Airport and Agadir in Morocco. Dobson's book, And Then Came Agadoo, was published by Authorhouse in November 2009.
Michael and Robinson recorded a new version of "I Am The Music Man" for the BBC Children in Need appeal in 2009. In 2010, they recorded yet another version of "I Am The Music Man", this time entitled "We Are The England Fans", as an unofficial England supporters' song to coincide with the 2010 FIFA World Cup, which also included the future Black Lace member Craig Harper. In 2011, Michael and Robinson recorded a television advertisement for Thetrainline.com which led to a new recording of "Do The Conga". In December that year, Michael teamed up with Crissy Rock and recorded a Christmas single called "Christmas Time" and an accompanying video. In 2012, Michael recorded two solo records, Life Force and The First Christmas Light.
In 2014, to celebrate the 30th anniversary of "Agadoo", a limited edition Black Lace Live album was released, which was recorded and mixed in Tenerife.
In 2015, a television advertisement for Walkers crisps was shown on British TV, featuring Michael and Robinson (under the name 'Old Lace') performing alongside Gary Lineker singing along to "Agadoo".
In 2015, Gibb, celebrating 40 years since Black Lace was formed, teamed up with guitarist and vocalist Gordon King for live shows, keeping the style and tradition of the original format: loud guitars, even louder shirts, cheesy dance routines and that 'tongue in cheek' and sometimes 'risky' comedy.
In 2016, Dene Michael was charged with fraud and jailed for six months for claiming £25,000 in disability allowances.
In 2018, Dene Michael teamed up with Craig Harper (runner up of series two of Britain's Got Talent back in 2008) to form an 'alternative' Black Lace a.k.a. 'Black Lace's Conga Party' They played many of the UK's 80s 'revival' festivals and can be seen performing at holiday centres around the country.
Black Lace (Gibb and King)
are nominated at the Tenerife Entertainment Awards for Best Group.
In 2019, Black Lace (Gibb and King) became associated with UK dressage team The Agadoo Girls, consisting of 7 members with Gibb's cousin Debbie Cox, as team captain. They came top at their debut Team Quest competition at Richmond Equestrian Centre in June.
The Original Black Lace (Gibb/King) concluded 2019 having performed 278 shows in 221 days.
On 8 May, 2020, Rob Hopcraft died, thought to be the result of a fall.
In June 2020, in remembrance of Alan Barton, who died 25 years ago. the Black Lace ‘Reunion’ band consisting of; Ian Howarth, Terry Dobson, Colin Gibb and Dean Barton (Alan's son), re made a music video of the band's 1979 Eurovision hit ‘Marry Ann’ Under strict lockdown conditions, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, The recording was done individually from their respective homes in The UK, Tenerife and Gozo then mixed together by Hawarth in UK.
In popular culture
The group were famously lampooned in the UK No. 1 chart single "The Chicken Song", recorded as part of the Spitting Image programme. A parody of Black Lace's style, it contained a specific reference to the band members Barton/ Gibb with the line "those two wet gits with their girly curly hair".
Black Lace (Barton and Gibb) have also been voted in the top five all time 'Best Party' songs, 'Best Holiday' songs, and 'Worst Records of all time'
Personnel
Current members
Colin Gibb (Original Black Lace)
Gordon King (Original Black Lace)
Dene Michael (Black Lace Conga Party)
Craig Harper (Black Lace Conga Party)
Former members
Alan Barton (d. 1995) – guitar, lead and backing vocals (1973–1987)
Terry Dobson – drums, backing vocals (1973–1981)
Ian Howarth – lead guitar, bass guitar (1973–1974)
Steve Scholey – lead vocals (1973–1981)
Rob Hopcraft (d. 2020) – lead vocals (1991–2000)
Discography
Albums
1984: Black Lace
1984: Party Party – 16 Great Party Icebreakers (UK #4)
1985: Party Party 2 (UK #18)
1986: Party Crazy (UK #58)
1987: 16 Greatest Party Hits
1990: 20 All Time Party Favourites
1993: Action Party
1995: Saturday Night
1997: Greatest Hits
1998: What a Party
2000: Black Lace's Greatest Ever Party Album
2006: Black Lace: Greatest Hits
2010: The Blue Album – Banned in the UK [world-wide distribution]
2013: The Blue Album – Banned in the UK – 're-release' [world-wide distribution]
2014: Black Lace 'Live Beach Party' (limited edition)
Singles
References
External links
Official Black Lace website
Colin Gibb – Black Lace
N.O.W. Music Co (Black Lace) webpage
And Then Came Agadoo – book website
Denemichael.co.uk
Ianhowarth.co.uk
Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 1979
English pop music groups
British novelty song performers
Eurovision Song Contest entrants for the United Kingdom
Music in Yorkshire
Sonet Records artists
Telstar Records artists
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internalism%20and%20externalism
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Internalism and externalism
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Internalism and externalism are two opposing ways of explaining various subjects in several areas of philosophy. These include human motivation, knowledge, justification, meaning, and truth. The distinction arises in many areas of debate with similar but distinct meanings.
Internalism is the thesis that no fact about the world can provide reasons for action independently of desires and beliefs. Externalism is the thesis that reasons are to be identified with objective features of the world.
Moral philosophy
Motivation
In contemporary moral philosophy, motivational internalism (or moral internalism) is the view that moral convictions (which are not necessarily beliefs, e.g. feelings of moral approval or disapproval) are intrinsically motivating. That is, the motivational internalist believes that there is an internal, necessary connection between one's conviction that X ought to be done and one's motivation to do X. Conversely, the motivational externalist (or moral externalist) claims that there is no necessary internal connection between moral convictions and moral motives. That is, there is no necessary connection between the conviction that X is wrong and the motivational drive not to do X. (The use of these terms has roots in W.D. Falk's (1947) paper "'Ought' and Motivation").
These views in moral psychology have various implications. In particular, if motivational internalism is true, then an amoralist is unintelligible (and metaphysically impossible). An amoralist is not simply someone who is immoral, rather it is someone who knows what the moral things to do are, yet is not motivated to do them. Such an agent is unintelligible to the motivational internalist, because moral judgments about the right thing to do have built into them corresponding motivations to do those things that are judged by the agent to be the moral things to do. On the other hand, an amoralist is entirely intelligible to the motivational externalist, because the motivational externalist thinks that moral judgments about the right thing to do not necessitate some motivation to do those things that are judged to be the right thing to do; rather, an independent desire—such as the desire to do the right thing—is required (Brink, 2003), (Rosati, 2006).
Reasons
There is also a distinction in ethics and action theory, largely made popular by Bernard Williams (1979, reprinted in 1981), concerning internal and external reasons for an action. An internal reason is, roughly, something that one has in light of one's own "subjective motivational set"—one's own commitments, desires (or wants), goals, etc. On the other hand, an external reason is something that one has independent of one's subjective motivational set. For example, suppose that Sally is going to drink a glass of poison, because she wants to commit suicide and believes that she can do so by drinking the poison. Sally has an internal reason to drink the poison, because she wants to commit suicide. However, one might say that she has an external reason not to drink the poison because, even though she wants to die, one ought not kill oneself no matter what—regardless of whether one wants to die.
Some philosophers embrace the existence of both kinds of reason, while others deny the existence of one or the other. For example, Bernard Williams (1981) argues that there are really only internal reasons for action. Such a view is called internalism about reasons (or reasons internalism). Externalism about reasons (or reasons externalism) is the denial of reasons internalism. It is the view that there are external reasons for action; that is, there are reasons for action that one can have even if the action is not part of one's subjective motivational set.
Consider the following situation. Suppose that it's against the moral law to steal from the poor, and Sasha knows this. However, Sasha doesn't desire to follow the moral law, and there is currently a poor person next to him. Is it intelligible to say that Sasha has a reason to follow the moral law right now (to not steal from the poor person next to him), even though he doesn't care to do so? The reasons externalist answers in the affirmative ("Yes, Sasha has a reason not to steal from that poor person."), since he believes that one can have reasons for action even if one does not have the relevant desire. Conversely, the reasons internalist answers the question in the negative ("No, Sasha does not have a reason not to steal from that poor person, though others might."). The reasons internalist claims that external reasons are unintelligible; one has a reason for action only if one has the relevant desire (that is, only internal reasons can be reasons for action). The reasons internalist claims the following: the moral facts are a reason for Sasha's action not to steal from the poor person next to him only if he currently wants to follow the moral law (or if not stealing from the poor person is a way to satisfy his other current goals—that is, part of what Williams calls his "subjective motivational set"). In short, the reasoning behind reasons internalism, according to Williams, is that reasons for action must be able to explain one's action; and only internal reasons can do this.
Epistemology
Justification
Internalism
Two main varieties of epistemic internalism about justification are access internalism and ontological internalism. Access internalists require that a believer must have internal access to the justifier(s) of her belief p in order to be justified in believing p. For the access internalist, justification amounts to something like the believer being aware (or capable of being aware) of certain facts that make her belief in p rational, or her being able to give reasons for her belief in p. At minimum, access internalism requires that the believer have some kind of reflective access or awareness to whatever justifies her belief. Ontological internalism is the view that justification for a belief is established by one's mental states. Ontological internalism can be distinct from access internalism, but the two are often thought to go together since we are generally considered to be capable of having reflective access to mental states.
One popular argument for internalism is known as the 'new evil demon problem'. The new evil demon problem indirectly supports internalism by challenging externalist views of justification, particularly reliabilism. The argument asks us to imagine a subject with beliefs and experiences identical to ours, but the subject is being systematically deceived by a malicious Cartesian demon so that all their beliefs turn out false. In spite of the subject's unfortunate deception, the argument goes, we do not think this subject ceases to be rational in taking things to be as they appear as we do. After all, it is possible that we could be radically deceived in the same way, yet we are still justified in holding most of our beliefs in spite of this possibility. Since reliabilism maintains that one's beliefs are justified via reliable belief-forming processes (where reliable means yielding true beliefs), the subject in the evil demon scenario would not likely have any justified beliefs according to reliabilism because all of their beliefs would be false. Since this result is supposed to clash with our intuitions that the subject is justified in their beliefs in spite of being systematically deceived, some take the new evil demon problem as a reason for rejecting externalist views of justification.
Externalism
Externalist views of justification emerged in epistemology during the late 20th century. Externalist conceptions of justification assert that facts external to the believer can serve as the justification for a belief. According to the externalist, a believer need not have any internal access or cognitive grasp of any reasons or facts which make their belief justified. The externalist's assessment of justification can be contrasted with access internalism, which demands that the believer have internal reflective access to reasons or facts which corroborate their belief in order to be justified in holding it. Externalism, on the other hand, maintains that the justification for someone's belief can come from facts that are entirely external to the agent's subjective awareness.
Alvin Goldman, one of the most well-known proponents of externalism in epistemology, is known for developing a popular form of externalism called reliabilism. In his paper, “What is Justified Belief?” Goldman characterizes the reliabilist conception of justification as such:
"If S’s believing p at t results from a reliable cognitive belief-forming process (or set of processes), then S’s belief in p at t is justified.”
Goldman notes that a reliable belief-forming process is one which generally produces true beliefs.
A unique consequence of reliabilism (and other forms of externalism) is that one can have a justified belief without knowing one is justified (this is not possible under most forms of epistemic internalism). In addition, we do not yet know which cognitive processes are in fact reliable, so anyone who embraces reliabilism must concede that we do not always know whether some of our beliefs are justified (even though there is a fact of the matter).
As a response to skepticism
In responding to skepticism, Hilary Putnam (1982) claims that semantic externalism yields "an argument we can give that shows we are not brains in a vat (BIV). (See also DeRose, 1999.) If semantic externalism is true, then the meaning of a word or sentence is not wholly determined by what individuals think those words mean. For example, semantic externalists maintain that the word "water" referred to the substance whose chemical composition is H2O even before scientists had discovered that chemical composition. The fact that the substance out in the world we were calling "water" actually had that composition at least partially determined the meaning of the word. One way to use this in a response to skepticism is to apply the same strategy to the terms used in a skeptical argument in the following way (DeRose, 1999):
To clarify how this argument is supposed to work: Imagine that there is brain in a vat, and a whole world is being simulated for it. Call the individual who is being deceived "Steve." When Steve is given an experience of walking through a park, semantic externalism allows for his thought, "I am walking through a park" to be true so long as the simulated reality is one in which he is walking through a park. Similarly, what it takes for his thought, "I am a brain in a vat," to be true is for the simulated reality to be one where he is a brain in a vat. But in the simulated reality, he is not a brain in a vat.
Apart from disputes over the success of the argument or the plausibility of the specific type of semantic externalism required for it to work, there is question as to what is gained by defeating the skeptical worry with this strategy. Skeptics can give new skeptical cases that wouldn't be subject to the same response (e.g., one where the person was very recently turned into a brain in a vat, so that their words "brain" and "vat" still pick out real brains and vats, rather than simulated ones). Further, if even brains in vats can correctly believe "I am not a brain in a vat," then the skeptic can still press us on how we know we are not in that situation (though the externalist will point out that it may be difficult for the skeptic to describe that situation).
Another attempt to use externalism to refute skepticism is done by Brueckner and Warfield. It involves the claim that our thoughts are about things, unlike a BIV's thoughts, which cannot be about things (DeRose, 1999).
Semantics
Semantic externalism comes in two varieties, depending on whether meaning is construed cognitively or linguistically. On a cognitive construal, externalism is the thesis that what concepts (or contents) are available to a thinker is determined by their environment, or their relation to their environment. On a linguistic construal, externalism is the thesis that the meaning of a word is environmentally determined. Likewise, one can construe semantic internalism in two ways, as a denial of either of these two theses.
Externalism and internalism in semantics is closely tied to the distinction in philosophy of mind concerning mental content, since the contents of one's thoughts (specifically, intentional mental states) are usually taken to be semantic objects that are truth-evaluable.
See also:
Linguistic turn and cognitive turn for more about the two construals of meaning
Swamp man thought experiment
Twin Earth thought experiment
Philosophy of mind
Within the context of the philosophy of mind, externalism is the theory that the contents of at least some of one's mental states are dependent in part on their relationship to the external world or one's environment.
The traditional discussion on externalism was centered around the semantic aspect of mental content. This is by no means the only meaning of externalism now. Externalism is now a broad collection of philosophical views considering all aspects of mental content and activity. There are various forms of externalism that consider either the content or the vehicles of the mind or both. Furthermore, externalism could be limited to cognition, or it could address broader issues of consciousness.
As to the traditional discussion on semantic externalism (often dubbed content externalism), some mental states, such as believing that water is wet, and fearing that the Queen has been insulted, have contents we can capture using 'that' clauses. The content externalist often appeal to observations found as early as Hilary Putnam's seminal essay, "The Meaning of 'Meaning'," (1975). Putnam stated that we can easily imagine pairs of individuals that are microphysical duplicates embedded in different surroundings who use the same words but mean different things when using them.
For example, suppose that Ike and Tina's mothers are identical twins and that Ike and Tina are raised in isolation from one another in indistinguishable environments. When Ike says, "I want my mommy," he expresses a want satisfied only if he is brought to his mommy. If we brought Tina's mommy, Ike might not notice the difference, but he doesn't get what he wants. It seems that what he wants and what he says when he says, "I want my mommy," will be different from what Tina wants and what she says she wants when she says, "I want my mommy."
Externalists say that if we assume competent speakers know what they think, and say what they think, the difference in what these two speakers mean corresponds to a difference in the thoughts of the two speakers that is not (necessarily) reflected by a difference in the internal make up of the speakers or thinkers. They urge us to move from externalism about meaning of the sort Putnam defended to externalism about contentful states of mind. The example pertains to singular terms, but has been extended to cover kind terms as well such as natural kinds (e.g., 'water') and for kinds of artifacts (e.g., 'espresso maker'). There is no general agreement amongst content externalists as to the scope of the thesis.
Philosophers now tend to distinguish between wide content (externalist mental content) and narrow content (anti-externalist mental content). Some, then, align themselves as endorsing one view of content exclusively, or both. For example, Jerry Fodor (1980) argues for narrow content (although he comes to reject that view in his 1995), while David Chalmers (2002) argues for a two dimensional semantics according to which the contents of mental states can have both wide and narrow content.
Critics of the view have questioned the original thought experiments saying that the lessons that Putnam and later writers such as Tyler Burge (1979, 1982) have urged us to draw can be resisted. Frank Jackson and John Searle, for example, have defended internalist accounts of thought content according to which the contents of our thoughts are fixed by descriptions that pick out the individuals and kinds that our thoughts intuitively pertain to the sorts of things that we take them to. In the Ike/Tina example, one might agree that Ike's thoughts pertain to Ike's mother and that Tina's thoughts pertain to Tina's but insist that this is because Ike thinks of that woman as his mother and we can capture this by saying that he thinks of her as 'the mother of the speaker'. This descriptive phrase will pick out one unique woman. Externalists claim this is implausible, as we would have to ascribe to Ike knowledge he wouldn't need to successfully think about or refer to his mother.
Critics have also claimed that content externalists are committed to epistemological absurdities. Suppose that a speaker can have the concept of water we do only if the speaker lives in a world that contains H2O. It seems this speaker could know a priori that they think that water is wet. This is the thesis of privileged access. It also seems that they could know on the basis of simple thought experiments that they can only think that water is wet if they live in a world that contains water. What would prevent her from putting these together and coming to know a priori that the world contains water? If we should say that no one could possibly know whether water exists a priori, it seems either we cannot know content externalism to be true on the basis of thought experiments or we cannot know what we are thinking without first looking into the world to see what it is like.
As mentioned, content externalism (limited to the semantic aspects) is only one among many other options offered by externalism by and large.
See also:
Twin Earth thought experiment
Extended cognition
Historiography of science
Internalism in the historiography of science claims that science is completely distinct from social influences and pure natural science can exist in any society and at any time given the intellectual capacity. Imre Lakatos is a notable proponent of historiographical internalism.
Externalism in the historiography of science is the view that the history of science is due to its social context – the socio-political climate and the surrounding economy determines scientific progress. Thomas Kuhn is a notable proponent of historiographical externalism.
See also
Anti-psychologism
Dream argument
Emic and etic
Foundationalism
Relativism
Self-awareness
Simulated reality
References
Further reading
Brink, David (1989) "Moral Realism and the Foundations of Ethics", New York: Cambridge University Press, Ch. 3, pp. 37–80.
Brown, Curtis (2007) "Narrow Mental Content", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2007 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.). (link)
Burge, Tyler (1979) "Individualism and the Mental", in French, Uehling, and Wettstein (eds.) Midwest Studies in Philosophy IV, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, pp. 73–121.
Burge, Tyler (1982) "Other Bodies", in Woodfield, Andrew, ed., Thought and Object. New York: Oxford.
Chalmers, David (2002) "The Components of Content", in Chalmers (ed.) Philosophy of Mind: Classical and Contemporary Readings, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Preprint available online
Cohen, Stewart (1984) "Justification and Truth", Philosophical Studies 46, pp. 279–296.
DeRose, Keith (1999) "Responding to Skepticism", Skepticism: A Contemporary Reader.
Falk, W. D. (1947) "'Ought' and Motivation", Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 48: 492–510
Finlay, Stephen & Schroeder, Mark (2008). "Reasons for Action: Internal vs. External". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Edward N. Zalta (ed.). (link)
Fodor, Jerry (1980) "Methodological Solipsism Considered as a Research Strategy in Cognitive Psychology", Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3:1.
Fodor, Jerry (1995) The Elm and the Expert: Mentalese and its Semantics, Cambridge: MIT Press.
Kornblith, Hilary (ed.) (2001) Epistemology: Internalism and Externalism, Blackwell Press.
Lau, Joe (2004) "Externalism About Mental Content", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2004 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.). (link)
Le Morvan, Pierre (2005) "A Metaphilosophical Dilemma for Epistemic Externalism", Metaphilosophy 36(5), pp. 688–707.
Pappas, George (2005) "Internalist vs. Externalist Conceptions of Epistemic Justification", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2005 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.). (link)
Putnam, Hilary (1975) "The Meaning of 'Meaning'", in Keith Gunderson (ed.) Language, Mind and Knowledge, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, pp. 131–93 (reprinted in Putnam (1975), Mind, Language and Reality: Philosophical Papers Volume 2, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). (link)
Putnam, Hilary (1982) "Brains in a Vat", in Reason, Truth, and History, Cambridge University Press. (link)
Rosati, Connie S. (2006). "Moral Motivation", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Edward N. Zalta (ed.). (link)
Smith, Basil (2013). "Internalism and Externalism in the Philosophy of Mind and Language," 'The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy,' P. Saka (ed.). (link)
Sosa, Ernest (1991) "Reliabilism and Intellectual Virtue," in E. Sosa, Knowledge In Perspective, Cambridge Press, pp. 131–145.
Williams, Bernard (1981) "Internal and External Reasons", in Williams's Moral Luck, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 101–13.
External links
Internalism and Externalism – (draft) by Alberto Voltolini.
Internalist Explorations of Meaning reading group at Harvard University, autumn 2007.
Epistemological theories
Justification (epistemology)
Meta-ethics
Ethical theories
Semantics
Theory of mind
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oak%20Hills%2C%20Iowa
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Oak Hills, Iowa
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Oak Hills is a census-designated place (CDP) in Des Moines County, Iowa, United States. It is in the southeast part of the county, southwest of Burlington. U.S. Route 61 forms the western edge of the community. It consists of residences surrounding Spirit Hollow Golf Course.
Oak Hills was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census.
References
Census-designated places in Iowa
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631767
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopesfall
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Hopesfall
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Hopesfall is an American post-hardcore band from Charlotte, North Carolina formed in 1998. They are currently signed to Equal Vision Records. The band dissolved in 2008 after all members, with the exception of singer Jay Forrest, left the band, following this the lineup of the band's first two albums got together temporarily and played reunion shows in 2011. The band finally reformed with the majority of their last album's members and original drummer Adam Morgan in 2016 with a new label Equal Vision Records. Arbiter was released on July 13, 2018.
History
The Frailty of Words and No Wings to Speak Of EP (1998–2001)
Hopesfall (stylized as .hopesfall.) began as a Christian hardcore band in 1998. They recorded their first album, The Frailty of Words, that same year, and it was released in November 1999 on Christian hardcore/punk label DTS Records. Following the release of The Frailty of Words, founding bassist Christopher Kincaid left the band, to be replaced by Pat Aldrich. In 2001, the band released the EP, No Wings to Speak Of on Takehold Records. Ryan Parrish was at the helm of songwriting during time, creating what would become known as the signature .hopesfall. sound in the melodic hardcore genre.
The Satellite Years and exit of Ryan Parrish (2002–2004)
2002's The Satellite Years saw the band signed to Trustkill Records for a 3-album deal. This marked the departure of founding vocalist Doug Venable, and bassist Pat Aldrich. Jay Forrest replaced Venable on vocals. Chad Waldrup replaced Aldrich as bassist. Ryan Parrish, main songwriter, lyricist, lead guitarist, vocalist, and visionary behind the .hopesfall. trademark sound, was asked by the rest of the band to leave due to "personal differences" in the wake of the recording of The Satellite Years. Ryan felt disillusioned with Trustkill Records taking creative control from the band and imposing the marriage of commerce with the band's art. This resulted in contention with the rest of the band who sided with the label, forgoing the previous vision of .hopesfall. The exit of Ryan Parrish would mark the end of the band's trademark melodic hardcore sound, Christian message, as Ryan was the primary songwriter and spokesperson along with Venable, the two were regarded as the Christians in the band. The Satellite Years was released post Parrish's exit, despite him having been the primary songwriter for album The Satellite Years was recorded at Great Western Record Recorders studio by Matt Talbott from HUM. The band confirmed via a Facebook story that Chad Waldrup beat Matt Talbott in the Nintendo 64 game "GoldenEye" which resulted in Talbott having to make good on a bet to sing vocals on, "Escape Pods for Intangibles."
Ryan Parrish went on to join Nashville indie rock band Celebrity, and is currently the lead guitarist in shoegaze band In Parallel.
Mike Tyson played bass for the band on the Satellite Years tour, later joining the band as a permanent member. Chad Waldrup departed the band shortly after taking over live guitar duties, and was replaced by Dustin Nadler.
A Types (2004–2007)
The band followed The Satellite Years with 2004's A Types, which had a more alternative rock sound and was a drastic stylistic departure from The Satellite Years – notably, Forrest's vocals were almost exclusively clean singing. By the time of A Types release, Joshua Brigham was the only remaining founding member of Hopesfall, and along with Jay Forrest, the only other remaining member from the lineup that appeared on The Satellite Years, with drummer Adam Morgan having departed weeks before recording. Morgan was replaced by Adam Baker, who departed the band during the A Types tour to be replaced by Morgan again. Morgan left the band for good prior to the recording of the band's next album, Magnetic North, and was replaced by Jason Trabue.
Magnetic North and breakup (2007–2008)
Magnetic North was released on May 15, 2007. The album saw the band strike a balance between the contrasting styles found on The Satellite Years and A Types. They toured little in support of Magnetic North, and in July of that year they announced further lineup changes, with Joshua Brigham, Mike Tyson, Dustin Nadler, and Jason Trabue all leaving the band. Cory Seals, Robert DeLauro, Paul Cadena, and Joey Manzione filled the vacancies, and, along with Jay Forrest, continued the US leg of the Magnetic North tour.
In September 2007, the band announced plans to change their name, thus ending the Hopesfall era; however, these plans never came to fruition. In January 2009, rumors circulated of Forrest's intentions to record vocals for several unfinished Hopesfall songs, though no further updates were reported. Following the Magnetic North tour, the replacement members left the band, and in January 2008, Hopesfall finally announced their breakup.
.hopesfall. reunion (2011)
On August 5 and 6, 2011, the lineup from No Wings to Speak Of (Doug, Josh, Ryan, Adam and Pat) reunited to play shows in Winston-Salem, North Carolina and Charlotte, North Carolina. They played songs from those releases as well as The Satellite Years.
Second reunion and Arbiter (2016–present)
The band reunited in 2016 and signed to Equal Vision Records, who re-issued their last 3 albums on vinyl. The band announced their intent to release a new album in 2017. The lineup for this new album comprises long-serving vocalist Jay Forrest, founding guitarist Josh Brigham and A-Types and Magnetic North guitarist Dustin Nadler, Satellite Years bassist Chad Waldrup, and founding drummer Adam Morgan. Hopesfall released "H.A. Wallace Space Academy" on April 11, 2018, the first single from the new album and the band's first new song in 11 years. On June 12, 2018, the second single, "Tunguska", was released. Arbiter, the band's fifth studio album, was released on July 13, 2018 through Equal Vision/Graphic Nature Records. The album was recorded and produced by Mike Watts, who also worked with the band on A Types and Magnetic North.
On May 31, 2019, the band announced the return of Ryan Parrish as lead guitarist on their Facebook page after 17 years apart.
On February 24, 2020, the band released a new song titled "Hall of the Sky" that was available on streaming services the following day. In addition to the band's atmospheric post-hardcore sound, the song also features elements of progressive rock and post-rock. The song is the first Hopesfall recording with Parrish since 2002's The Satellite Years.
In March 2020, the band had planned to embark on a tour across Japan with Taken. The tour was supposed to begin on March 25 in Tokyo, but it was later announced that the tour would be postponed due to concerns over the COVID-19 pandemic.
Relationship with Trustkill
The band's relationship with Trustkill was always adversarial; the label altered the track listing for Magnetic North without the band's knowledge, and in an interview in the wake of the band's breakup, former drummer Jason Trabue accused the label of providing the band with insufficient promotion and financial support throughout their tenure on Trustkill, as well as withholding royalties. In response to the MySpace bulletin announcing the band's breakup and revealing their distaste for their former label, as well as the interview with Trabue, Trustkill founder Josh Grabelle denied the accusations and leveled his own unsubstantiated allegations of drug use by the band as a cause for the breakup.
Musical style and influences
The band's musical style has changed over the course of its career, but has primarily been described as post-hardcore, melodic hardcore, alternative rock, and space rock. The band was originally described as Christian hardcore on the debut Frailty of Words. The albums No Wings to Speak Of and The Satellite Years have also been described as metalcore.
The band's influences are very diverse. The band is influenced by emo bands such as Cursive, Karate, and The Appleseed Cast; alternative rock bands such as HUM and Jawbox; and hardcore punk bands such as Strongarm, Bloodshed, Shai Hulud, and Overcome.
Band membersCurrent lineup Jay Forrest – vocals (2001–2008, 2016–present)
Adam Morgan – drums (1998–2004, 2005–2006, 2011, 2016-present)
Joshua Brigham – guitar (1998–2007, 2011, 2016–present)
Chad Waldrup – bass, backing vocals (2001–2003, 2016–present), guitar (2011)
Ryan Parrish – guitar, backing vocals (1998–2002, 2011, 2019–present)Past members Dustin Nadler – guitar (2003–2007, 2016–2019)
Pat Aldrich – bass (1999–2001, 2011)
Doug Venable – vocals (1998–2001, 2011)
Christopher Kincaid – bass, backing vocals (1998–1999)
Mike Tyson – bass (2002–2007)
Adam Baker – drums (2004–2005)
Jason Trabue – drums (2006–2007)Touring musicians'
Cory Seals – guitars (2007–2008)
Paul Cadena – guitars (2007–2008)
Robert DeLauro – bass (2007–2008)
Joey Manzione – drums (2007–2008)
Timeline
Discography
Studio albums
Extended plays
Singles
Music videos
References
Musical groups established in 1998
Musical groups disestablished in 2008
Musical groups reestablished in 2011
Musical groups disestablished in 2011
Musical groups reestablished in 2016
Tooth & Nail Records artists
Trustkill Records artists
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20E.%20Atkinson
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Thomas E. Atkinson
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Thomas E. Atkinson (born 1824, date of death unknown) was a Union Navy sailor in the American Civil War and a recipient of the U.S. military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his actions at the Battle of Mobile Bay.
Biography
Born in 1824 in Salem, Massachusetts, Atkinson was still living in that city when he joined the Navy. He served as a petty officer on the frigate from 1842 to 1846 and took part in the 1844 capture of the Argentinian blockade fleet outside the port city of Montevideo in the Uruguayan Civil War.
Atkinson transferred to the in September 1860 and served on that ship as a yeoman during the American Civil War. He was present at the Battle of the Head of Passes of the Mississippi River on October 12, 1861, and at an engagement against Fort McRee near Pensacola, Florida, in November 1861. In the April 1862 Battle of Forts Jackson and St. Philip, Richmond fought Confederate ships in the Mississippi and passed artillery batteries at Chalmette, Louisiana, leading to the capture of New Orleans. The ship then proceeded up the river and Atkinson participated in the passage of Vicksburg, Mississippi, in mid-1862 and the action at Port Hudson in March 1863. At the Battle of Mobile Bay on August 5, 1864, he was in charge of supplying ammunition to the ship's Parrott rifle. For his "coolness and energy" in this battle, he was awarded the Medal of Honor four months later, on December 31, 1864.
Atkinson's official Medal of Honor citation reads:
On board the U.S.S. Richmond, Mobile Bay, 5 August 1864; commended for coolness and energy in supplying the rifle ammunition, which was under his sole charge, in the action in Mobile Bay on the morning of 5 August 1864. He was a petty officer on board the U.S. Frigate Congress in 1842-46; was present and assisted in capturing the whole of the Buenos Ayrean fleet by that vessel off Montevideo; joined the Richmond in September 1860; was in the action with Fort McRea, the Head of the Passes of the Mississippi, Forts Jackson and St. Philip, the Chalmettes, the rebel ironclads and gunboats below New Orleans, Vicksburg, Port Hudson, and at the surrender of New Orleans.
See also
List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: A-F
References
1824 births
Year of death missing
People from Salem, Massachusetts
People of Massachusetts in the American Civil War
Union Navy sailors
United States Navy Medal of Honor recipients
American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor
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1754950
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote%20backup%20service
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Remote backup service
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A remote, online, or managed backup service, sometimes marketed as cloud backup or backup-as-a-service, is a service that provides users with a system for the backup, storage, and recovery of computer files. Online backup providers are companies that provide this type of service to end users (or clients). Such backup services are considered a form of cloud computing.
Online backup systems are typically built for a client software program that runs on a given schedule. Some systems run once a day, usually at night while computers aren't in use. Other newer cloud backup services run continuously to capture changes to user systems nearly in real-time. The online backup system typically collects, compresses, encrypts, and transfers the data to the remote backup service provider's servers or off-site hardware.
There are many products on the market – all offering different feature sets, service levels, and types of encryption. Providers of this type of service frequently target specific market segments. High-end LAN-based backup systems may offer services such as Active Directory, client remote control, or open file backups. Consumer online backup companies frequently have beta software offerings and/or free-trial backup services with fewer live support options.
History
In the mid-1980s, the computer industry was in a great state of change with modems at speeds of 1200 to 2400 baud, making transfers of large amounts of data slow (1 MB in 72 minutes). While faster modems and more secure network protocols were in development, tape backup systems gained in popularity. During that same period the need for an affordable, reliable online backup system was becoming clear, especially for businesses with critical data.
More online/remote backup services came into existence during the heyday of the dot-com boom in the late 1990s. The initial years of these large industry service providers were about capturing market share and understanding the importance and the role that these online backup providers were playing in the web services arena. Today, most service providers of online backup services position their services using the SaaS (software as a service) and PaaS (Platform as a service) strategy and its relevance is predicted to increase exponentially in the years to come as personal and enterprise data storage needs rise. The last few years have also witnessed a healthy rise in the number of independent online backup providers.
Characteristics
Service-based
The assurance, guarantee, or validation that what was backed up is recoverable whenever it is required is critical. Data stored in the service provider's cloud must undergo regular integrity validation to ensure its recoverability.
Cloud BUR (BackUp & Restore) services need to provide a variety of granularity when it comes to RTO's (Recovery Time Objective). One size does not fit all either for the customers or the applications within a customer's environment.
The customer should never have to manage the back end storage repositories in order to back up and recover data.
The interface used by the customer needs to enable the selection of data to protect or recover, the establishment of retention times, destruction dates as well as scheduling.
Cloud backup needs to be an active process where data is collected from systems that store the original copy. This means that cloud backup will not require data to be copied into a specific appliance from where data is collected before being transmitted to and stored in the service provider's data centre.
Ubiquitous access
Cloud BUR utilizes standard networking protocols (which today are primarily but not exclusively IP based) to transfer data between the customer and the service provider.
Vaults or repositories need to be always available to restore data to any location connected to the Service Provider’s Cloud via private or public networks.
Scalable and elastic
Cloud BUR enables flexible allocation of storage capacity to customers without limit. Storage is allocated on demand and also de-allocated as customers delete backup sets as they age.
Cloud BUR enables a Service Provider to allocate storage capacity to a customer. If that customer later deletes their data or no longer needs that capacity, the Service Provider can then release and reallocate that same capacity to a different customer in an automated fashion.
Metered by use
Cloud Backup allows customers to align the value of data with the cost of protecting it. It is procured on a per-gigabyte per month basis. Prices tend to vary based on the age of data, type of data (email, databases, files etc.), volume, number of backup copies and RTOs.
Shared and secure
The underlying enabling technology for Cloud Backup is a full stack native cloud multitenant platform (shared everything).
Data mobility/portability prevents service provider lock-in and allows customers to move their data from one Service Provider to another, or entirely back into a dedicated Private Cloud (or a Hybrid Cloud).
Security in the cloud is critical. One customer can never have access to another’s data. Additionally, even Service Providers must not be able to access their customer’s data without the customer’s permission.
Enterprise-class cloud backup
An enterprise-class cloud backup solution must include an on-premises cache, to mitigate any issues due to inconsistent Internet connectivity.
Hybrid cloud backup works by storing data to local disk so that the backup can be captured at high speed, and then either the backup software or a D2D2C (Disk to Disk to Cloud) appliance encrypts and transmits data to a service provider. This adds protection against local
disasters. Recent backups are retained locally, to speed data recovery operations.
There are a number of cloud storage appliances on the market that can be used as a backup target, including appliances from CTERA Networks, StorSimple and TwinStrata.
Hybrid cloud backup is also beneficial for enterprise users who have security concerns. When storing data locally before sending it to the cloud, backup users can perform the necessary encryption operations, incl. technologies like:
Data encryption cipher (AES 128, AES192, AES256 or blowfish)
Windows Encrypting File System (EFS)
Verification of files previously catalogued, permitting a Tripwire-like capability
CRAM-MD5 password authentication between each component (storage, client and cloud)
Configurable TLS (SSL) communications encryption between each component (storage, client and cloud)
Computation of MD5 or SHA1 signatures of the file data, if configured
Data encryption should additionally be applied when you choose a public cloud service provider.
The same is important for the compression of backup data. The local backup cache is used to compress the data before sending it to the cloud in order to lower the network bandwidth load and improve backup speed. This becomes critical for enterprises which backup huge databases like Oracle or MS SQL or huge files like virtual machine images or mail server databases (EDB files of Exchange).
Recent improvements in CPU availability allow increased use of software agents instead of hardware appliances for enterprise cloud backup. The software-only approach can offer advantages including decreased complexity, simple scalability, significant cost savings and improved data recovery times.
Typical features
Encryption Data should be encrypted before it is sent across the internet, and it should be stored in its encrypted state. Encryption should be at least 256 bits, and the user should have the option of using his own encryption key, which should never be sent to the server.
Network backup A backup service supporting network backup can back up multiple computers, servers or Network Attached Storage appliances on a local area network from a single computer or device.
Continuous backup - Continuous Data Protection Allows the service to back up continuously or on a predefined schedule. Both methods have advantages and disadvantages. Most backup services are schedule-based and perform backups at a predetermined time. Some services provide continuous data backups which are used by large financial institutions and large online retailers. However, there is typically a trade-off with performance and system resources.
File-by-File Restore The ability for users to restore files themselves, without the assistance of a Service Provider by allowing the user select files by name and/or folder. Some services allow users to select files by searching for filenames and folder names, by dates, by file type, by backup set, and by tags.
Online access to files Some services allow you to access backed-up files via a normal web browser. Many services do not provide this type of functionality.
Data compression Data will typically be compressed with a lossless compression algorithm to minimize the amount of bandwidth used.
Differential data compression A way to further minimize network traffic is to transfer only the binary data that has changed from one day to the next, similar to the open source file transfer service Rsync. More advanced online backup services use this method rather than transfer entire files.
Bandwidth usage User-selectable option to use more or less bandwidth; it may be possible to set this to change at various times of day.
Off-Line Backup Off-Line Backup allows along with and as part of the online backup solution to cover daily backups in time when network connection is down. At this time the remote backup software must perform backup onto a local media device like a tape drive, a disk or another server. The minute network connection is restored remote backup software will update the remote datacenter with the changes coming out of the off-line backup media .
Synchronization Many services support data synchronization allowing users to keep a consistent library of all their files across many computers. The technology can help productivity and increase access to data.
Common features for business users
Bulk restore
A way to restore data from a portable storage device when a full restore over the Internet might take too long.
Centralized management console
Allows for an IT department or staff member to monitor and manage backups & restores for the regular user.
File retention policies
Many businesses require a flexible file retention policy that can be applied to an unlimited number of groups of files called "sets".
Fully managed services
Some services offer a higher level of support to businesses that might request immediate help, proactive monitoring, personal visits from their service provider, or telephone support.
Redundancy
Multiple copies of data backed up at different locations. This can be achieved by having two or more mirrored data centers, or by keeping a local copy of the latest version of backed up data on site with the business.
Regulatory compliance
Some businesses are required to comply with government regulations that govern privacy, disclosure, and legal discovery. A service provider that offers this type of service assists customers with proper compliance with and understanding of these laws.
Seed loading
Ability to send a first backup on a portable storage device rather than over the Internet when a user has large amounts of data that they need quickly backed up.
Server backup
Many businesses require backups of servers and the special applications or databases that run on them, such as groupware, SQL, ERP- or CRM-systems and directory services. This requires not only regular file-based approach, but specific point-in-time backups and restores for databases.
Versioning
Keeps multiple past versions of files to allow for rollback to or restoration from a specific point in time.
Cost factors
Online backup services are usually priced as a function of the following things:
The total amount of data being backed up.
The total amount of data being restored.
The number of machines covered by the backup service.
The maximum number of versions of each file that are kept.
Data retention and archiving period options
Managed backups vs. Unmanaged backups
The level of service and features available
Some vendors limit the number of versions of a file that can be kept in the system. Some services omit this restriction and provide an unlimited number of versions. Add-on features (plug-ins), like the ability to back up currently open or locked files, are usually charged as an extra, but some services provide this built in.
Most remote backup services reduce the amount of data to be sent over the wire by only backing up changed files. This approach to backing up means that the customers total stored data is reduced. Reducing the amount of data sent and also stored can be further drastically reduced by only transmitting the changed data bits by binary or block level incremental backups. Solutions that transmit only these changed binary data bits do not waste bandwidth by transmitting the same file data over and over again if only small amounts change.
Advantages
Remote backup has advantages over traditional backup methods:
Remote backup does not require user intervention. The user does not have to change tapes, label CDs or perform other manual steps.
Unlimited data retention (presuming the backup provider stays in business).
Some remote backup services will work continuously, backing up files as they are changed.
Most remote backup services will maintain a list of versions of your files.
Most remote backup services will use a 128 - 2048 bit encryption to send data over unsecured links (e.g. internet).
A few remote backup services can reduce backup by only transmitting changed data.
Manage and secure digital data information.
Disadvantages
Remote backup has some disadvantages over traditional backup methods:
Depending on the available network bandwidth, the restoration of data can be slow. Because data is stored offsite, the data must be recovered either via the Internet or via a disk shipped from the online backup service provider.
Some backup service providers have no guarantee that stored data will be kept private.
It is possible that a remote backup service provider could go out of business or be purchased, which may affect the accessibility of one's data or the cost to continue using the service.
If the encryption password is lost, data recovery will be impossible. However, with managed services this should not be a problem.
Residential broadband services often have monthly limits that preclude large backups. They are also usually asymmetric; the user-to-network link regularly used to store backups is much slower than the network-to-user link used only when data is restored.
In terms of price, when looking at the raw cost of hard disks, remote backups cost about 1-20 times per GB what a local backup would.
Managed vs. unmanaged
Some services provide expert backup management services as part of the overall offering. These services typically include:
Assistance configuring the initial backup
Continuous monitoring of the backup processes on the client machines to ensure that backups actually happen
Proactive alerting in the event that any backups fail
Assistance in restoring and recovering data
Scheduled vs. manual vs. event-based backup
There are three distinct types of backup modes: scheduled, manual and Event-based.
Scheduled Backup – data is backed up according to a fixed schedule.
Manual Backup – backup of data is triggered by user input.
Event-based Backup – backup of data is triggered by some computer events, e.g. database or application stoppage (cold backup).
See also
Cloud storage
Comparison of backup software (includes Managed backup providers)
Comparison of file hosting services
Comparison of file synchronization software
Comparison of online backup services
Comparison of online music lockers
File hosting service
File sharing
List of backup software
Off-site data protection – The practice of sending data off-site for safe keeping, but not necessarily using a remote backup service.
Shared disk access
References
External links
NIST definition of Cloud Computing
Backup service
Backup software
Backup
Cloud storage
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry%20Lewis
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Barry Lewis
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Barry Lewis may refer to:
Barry Lewis (cook) (born 1982), British cook and author
Barry Lewis (cricketer) (born 1952), English cricketer
Barry Lewis (historian), architectural historian, author and educator
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4687060
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roland%20Rainer
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Roland Rainer
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Roland Rainer (1 May 1910 – 10 April 2004) was an Austrian architect.
Born in Klagenfurt, Roland Rainer decided to become an architect when he was 18, so he studied at the Vienna University of Technology. His thesis was about the Karlsplatz in Vienna. Then, he left Austria visiting the Netherlands and the German Academy for Urban Design in Berlin. He became a Member of the ruling Nazi Party and endorsed their policies in his theoretical works. After World War II, he returned to Austria and continued writing, including his most famous work Urban design prose.
He was then called to several universities: the Technical University of Berlin, the Technical University at Brunswick, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, and the Technical University of Munich. In 1953, Rainer became professor for housing, urban design, and land use planning at the Leibniz University Hannover. In 1954, he became professor for structural engineering at the Graz University of Technology, which forced him to commute between Graz and Hannover. From 1954, Rainer led the Master School for Architecture at the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna.
From 1956 to 1962, one of his most significant works, the Wiener Stadthalle in Vienna, was built. On July 1, 1958, Rainer was commissioned with the development of the zoning plan by the town council of Vienna. From 1987, Rainer was chairman of the curia for art of the Austrian Decoration for Science and Art. He was also a constant critic of environmental destruction and bad constructions. In 1967 he took part in the international competition of urbanist concept for Bratislava-Petrzalka district in Slovakia.
In 2006 the Roland-Rainer-Platz in front of the Wiener Stadthalle was named after him.
Honours and awards
1954: City of Vienna Prize for Architecture
1962: Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art
1962: Grand Austrian State Prize for Architecture
1969: Austrian Bauherrenpreis for "garden village" development at Puchenau, in Linz
1973: Honorary Member ("Honorary Fellow") of the American Institute of Architects
1979: Austrian Decoration for Science and Art
1985: Honorary Ring of the City of Vienna
2000: Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Star for Services to the Republic of Austria
2006: Austrian Bauherrenpreis for the Roland-Rainer-Siedlung garden city development in St. Pölten (posthumously)
References
External links
Puchenau II Garden City
1910 births
2004 deaths
Architects from Klagenfurt
TU Wien alumni
Technical University of Munich faculty
University of Hanover faculty
Academy of Fine Arts Vienna faculty
Recipients of the Austrian Decoration for Science and Art
Recipients of the Grand Austrian State Prize
Recipients of the Grand Decoration with Star for Services to the Republic of Austria
Technical University of Braunschweig faculty
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29785542
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super%20Inday%20and%20the%20Golden%20Bibe%20%282010%20film%29
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Super Inday and the Golden Bibe (2010 film)
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Super Inday and the Golden Bibe is a remake of the original 1988 movie starring Maricel Soriano fantasy-adventure flick and is an official entry to 36th Metro Manila Film Festival. It is co-production of Regal Entertainment and Regal Multimedia, Inc. and was released on December 25, 2010. The film stars Marian Rivera as Super Inday and John Lapus as the Golden Bibe.
Plot
Inday (Marian Rivera) is a simple and innocent province girl with a loving mother. A fallen angel named Goldy (John Lapus) that can transform into a duck meets a tiyanak that was lost on her way to heaven, but he refuses for he cannot go to heaven until he gets a person do good and rewards him salvation. Then they met Inday. The meeting was suddenly interrupted by her neighbor to tell her that her mother is dying.
She goes to the house, just as her mother reveals the painful truth, that she was just adopted by her after her real mother abandoned her in the woman's possession and that her real parents are on Manila and dies after that. Goldy, desperately decided that she can inherit his powers and she needs only to meet his conditions and criteria. As a trick, they hitchhike along with her, disguised as a mother and daughter that will find a way to Manila. The tiyanak carries her burial casket along and they disappeared just as the bus stops at Manila. As an innocent province-grown woman with no experience at work, she applies to work for a rich family, as a maid. The man is a business man, the kids are just spoiled and the wife has a secret.
Goldy and the tiyanak try to help her secretly by giving her Goldy's golden eggs, that contain fractions of Goldy's power. The wife's youthful secret is when she sacrifices a kid to demons, she receives immortality and youthful appearance in exchange. However, she needs to sacrifice more children because her youthful appearance doesn’t last long. So she raises an army to do her bidding, until the demons requested to kill her husband's descendants. As the demonic army tried to abduct the kids, Inday (with Goldy's help), repels the attackers, but was framed and fired by the woman for her actions.
Heartbroken, she sets off to find clues of what her real mother looks like, until she found her in a market. She tracks her and rents a room nearby and lives their daily lives by selling eggs painted gold and scavenging for recyclables, until she has enough courage to confront her. The mother told the truth and introduces her to her father.
Kokang, suspicious of what's happening, stalks her employer and finds out about the secret, but is caught by the latter and hypnotized.
Until then, the demons still attack and abduct kids for sacrifices, until Amazing Jay got entangled in the mess. Inday tries and successfully repels the attack. She and Jay try to investigate, until they found Kokang, under the spell. She dispels it and runs away from the demons. She tried to transform into Super Inday, but Kokang ate the real egg containing Goldy’s power, transforming her into Copycat.
With enough power, Inday, Jay and Copycat duel with Ingrid and her demonic minions. Defeating her and driving her to die in the altar.
Few days later, Goldy and the tiyanak (later named Angelika) got their ticket to ascend to heaven. During a party, a crab monster with a human overlord appears in a pond. Inday and Jay appear and fight the monster as Goldy and Angelika ascend to Heaven.
Cast
Marian Rivera as Inday/Super Inday
Jake Cuenca as Jeffrey/Amazing J
Kenjie Anonuevo as Young Jeffrey
John Lapus as the Golden Bibe
Pokwang as Kokay/Copycat
Jestoni Alarcon as Danny
Cherry Pie Picache as Monina
Mylene Dizon as Ingrid
Buboy Villar as Etnok
Sabrina Man as Jingky
Jairus Aquino as Daniel Jr.
Elijah Alejo as Nameless Girl
Sheena Halili as Tonette
Irma Adlawan as Lucita
Critical reaction
Philippine Entertainment Portal complained that while Super Inday was still the same as in the original film, the character of the golden bibe had changed considerably. While calling the film "respectable" and "a genuine superhero movie" that doesn't try to be something else, they found it overlong and not saying anything of importance. In contrast Click The City called the movie "awful" claiming it unsuccessfully tried to appeal to everyone by cramming in far too much, and scoring it 1.5/5.
Accolades
Awards and nominations
References
External links
2010 films
Philippine films
Philippine fantasy films
Philippine superhero films
Regal Entertainment films
Remakes of Philippine films
2010 fantasy films
2010s superhero films
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7727619
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celebrity%20Fit%20Club%20%28American%20TV%20series%29
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Celebrity Fit Club (American TV series)
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Celebrity Fit Club is a reality television series which followed eight overweight celebrities as they tried to lose weight. This show is based on the homonymous British version, which aired on the ITV Network from 2002 until 2006. The American version was executive produced by Richard Hall for Granada, in seasons 2–5.
Synopsis
The eight participants are split into two teams of four members apiece. During each week, the teams are given different physical challenges and their members are weighed to see if they have reached their target weights. Contestants are monitored and supervised by a team comprising a nutritionist, a psychologist, and a physical trainer. The series was hosted by Ant until Season 7.
At one point during each of the first five seasons, a team trade-off was initiated, in which the fit clubbers voted one member off their team. The teammate with the most votes was then traded to the other team. In the case of a tie, the team captain made the final vote. After Season 1, a new rule was enforced prohibiting participants from voting for themselves. In Season 5, to balance the gender-based teams, a new twist was added, which allowed traded fit clubbers to choose a teammate from their old team to join their new team. In Season 6, Harvey did the trade-off himself; Season 7 did not have one.
Panel members
Ant, Host (Seasons 1–6)
Harvey Walden IV, drill instructor (All seasons)
Dr. David Katz, health expert (Season 1)
Dr. Marisa Peer, psychologist (Season 1)
Dr. Ian K. Smith, physician (Seasons 2–7)
Dr. Linda Papadopoulos, psychologist (Seasons 2–4)
Stacy Kaiser, psychotherapist (Seasons 5–6)
Rhonda Britten, life coach (Season 7)
Seasons
Season 1 (2005)
Premiered 9 January 2005, and ran for 8 episodes.
Up until the end of the show Daniel was a model team leader; however, in episode 6, he turned up very late and confused, and by episode 8 (the finale), he did not appear at all, which cost his team victory. He later revealed that he had been abusing narcotics due to his back trouble and had entered rehab. No team captain was appointed to replace him.
Season 2 (2005)
Premiered 10 July 2005 for 8 Episodes
Season 3 (2006)
Premiered 1 January 2006 for 8 Episodes
NOTE: So far this is the only season where the team captains were not traded from their teams at the trade off.
Season 4 (2006)
Premiered 6 August 2006 for 8 Episodes
Season 5 (2007): Men vs. Women
The fifth season of Celebrity Fit Club premiered on 22 April 2007. Unlike previous seasons, the teams were grouped by sex until the team trade. The team trade took place on 13 May 2007. This season had 8 Episodes.
Statistics as of 10 June 2007.
Season 6 (2008): Boot Camp
The sixth season, titled Celebrity Fit Club: Boot Camp, premiered on 13 March 2008 for 8 episodes. The cast comprised both alumni of past seasons and newcomers. The alumni included:
Note: The Blue Team were known as the Newbies for the first 5 weigh-ins of the season.
Note: The Red Team were known as the Second Chancers for the first 5 weigh-ins of the season.
Production designer Roy Rede was hired to create the season's new design. A boot camp standing set complete with an obstacle course was built in the mountains outside of Los Angeles.
Season 7 (2010): Boot Camp 2
The seventh and final season, still titled Celebrity Fit Club: Boot Camp, premiered on 8 February 2010, with Harvey and Ian splitting the duties as host.
References
External links
2005 American television series debuts
2000s American reality television series
2010s American reality television series
2010 American television series endings
American television series based on British television series
Fitness reality television series
English-language television shows
Obesity in the United States
Television series by ITV Studios
VH1 original programming
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevor%20Lloyd-Hughes
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Trevor Lloyd-Hughes
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Sir Trevor Denby Lloyd-Hughes (31 March 1922 - 15 February 2010) was a British civil servant who served as Downing Street Press Secretary to Prime Minister Harold Wilson between 1964 and 1969.
Career
Lloyd-Hughes was educated at Woodhouse Grove School and Jesus College, Oxford. He saw active service with the 75th (Shropshire Yeomanry) Medium Regiment, Royal Artillery in Italy during the Second World War.
He spent 14 years as a journalist with the Liverpool Daily Post and, in that role, got to know Harold Wilson who was then the member of parliament for Huyton. Lloyd-Hughes was then recruited by Wilson and served as Downing Street Press Secretary to the Prime Minister between 1964 and 1969.
Lloyd-Hughes received a knighthood in 1970.
References
1922 births
2010 deaths
Alumni of Jesus College, Oxford
British civil servants
British special advisers
People educated at Woodhouse Grove School
Further reading
Lloyd-Hughes' entry at Who's Who
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16023096
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Ferr%C3%A9ol-des-C%C3%B4tes
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Saint-Ferréol-des-Côtes
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Saint-Ferréol-des-Côtes (Auvergnat: Sent Ferriòu) is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne in central France.
See also
Communes of the Puy-de-Dôme department
References
INSEE commune file
Saintferreoldescotes
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33609139
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankura%20%28disambiguation%29
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Bankura (disambiguation)
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Bankura is a city and a municipality in Bankura District in the state of West Bengal, India.
Bankura may also refer to the following geographical locations:
Bankura district, West Bengal
Bankura Sadar subdivision, West Bengal
Bankura I, Community development block, West Bengal
Bankura II, Community development block, West Bengal
Bankura (Lok Sabha constituency), West Bengal
Bankura (Vidhan Sabha constituency), West Bengal
Bankura architecture, a style of traditional Bengal architecture.
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50240307
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Of%20Women%20and%20Their%20Elegance
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Of Women and Their Elegance
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Of Women and Their Elegance is an imaginary memoir about Marilyn Monroe by Norman Mailer. The book uses photographs taken by Milton H. Greene in combination with real interviews of Monroe and fictional events that Mailer invents. The book, written entirely in first person, purports to express the innermost thoughts of Monroe. There are also photos by Greene of other celebrities like Audrey Hepburn, Judy Garland, Ava Gardner, and Jane Fonda.
The majority of the book is centered on Monroe's conversations and interactions with Greene and Arthur Miller, her third husband. There are no interactions between Mailer and Monroe in the book. It was published in 1980, eighteen years after Monroe's death. Mailer never met Monroe in real life, but this was the second book that he has published about her. The first was Marilyn: A Biography in 1973.
Reception
Mailer anticipated criticism for writing an imaginary memoir about Monroe, so in the November 10, 1980, issue of New York Magazine, he wrote a piece defending Of Women and Their Elegance. He wrote, "Before the Literary Bar: In which the author puts his new Marilyn Monroe book on trial—before critics do." He wrote the article as if it was a transcript from a courtroom defending his work. At the end of the work The Court says, "I will say that I have read the book and consider it a serious enough work to give Mr. Mailer a fair opportunity of avoiding outright censure." Mailer stated that he knew he would receive backlash for creating fictional interviews and stories as if they were real but that he wanted readers not to dismiss his work before they had read it.
References
Books about Marilyn Monroe
Books by Norman Mailer
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21120591
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C4%85bczyn%20D
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Trąbczyn D
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Trąbczyn D is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Zagórów, within Słupca County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.
The settlement has a population of 15.
References
Villages in Słupca County
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1320902
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gareth%20Barry
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Gareth Barry
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Gareth Barry (born 23 February 1981) is an English former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He made 653 Premier League appearances for Aston Villa, Manchester City, Everton and West Bromwich Albion, the highest number of appearances in the Premier League. He also represented England at international level.
Barry moved to Aston Villa from Brighton & Hove Albion as a youngster, and spent 12 years at the club. He captained Aston Villa and is eighth in their all-time list of appearances, with 441 across all competitions, including 365 in the Premier League. He joined Manchester City for a fee of £12 million in June 2009, where he won the FA Cup in 2011 and the Premier League title the following season. After a season on loan, he joined Everton on a three-year contract in July 2014, and on its expiration he signed for West Bromwich Albion.
Barry is a former England international, having won his first full cap in 2000 and captained the side in 2010 in a friendly against Egypt. He earned 53 caps in total, scoring 3 goals, and was included in England's squads at UEFA Euro 2000 and the 2010 FIFA World Cup.
Barry announced his retirement from football on 27 August 2020.
Club career
Aston Villa
Barry joined Aston Villa from Brighton and Hove Albion as a trainee in 1997, along with Michael Standing. The move was controversial, for the Brighton board had demanded £2.5 million for the two players; the Football Association's transfer tribunal panel came up with a deal which would have seen Brighton make £2.4 million in the event of Barry and Standing making international appearances for England, as well as sell-on clauses. He played his first match for Villa on 2 May 1998, a 3–1 win at Sheffield Wednesday, as a 49th-minute substitute for Ian Taylor. On 24 April 1999, on at half time for the injured Dion Dublin, he finished Steve Stone's cross 12 minutes later for his first professional goal, concluding a 2–0 win over Nottingham Forest at Villa Park. He started in the 2000 FA Cup Final at the old Wembley Stadium, which Villa lost 1–0 to Chelsea. In August 2001, he featured as Villa defeated FC Basel 5–2 on aggregate in the final of the 2001 UEFA Intertoto Cup.
In November 2007, it was reported that Aston Villa were set to award Barry a testimonial, at the age of just 26, to recognise his 10 years at the club. On 5 April 2008, Barry helped to break a run of bad form, scoring in a 4–0 victory over Bolton Wanderers. He scored two goals (his first two from open play that season) and he was also credited with two assists.
As of April 2008, Barry, approaching 400 total appearances for Aston Villa, was the longest serving player in the team. During the league game against Bolton Wanderers on 28 October 2007, Barry became the youngest player to appear in 300 Premier League games (aged 26 years 247 days), surpassing former record-holder Frank Lampard.
In May 2008, Liverpool made a series of bids to buy Barry, all of which were rejected by Aston Villa. Barry publicly criticised his manager, Martin O'Neill, accusing him of making no attempt to keep him at the club, and further stating a desire to join Liverpool in order to compete in the Champions League. O'Neill denied this claim and Barry was officially disciplined for giving an unauthorised interview. A further bid from Liverpool of around £15 million was rejected as it was still short of Villa's £18 million asking price. Steve Finnan had then been offered in part-exchange in the deal, but the fee Villa wanted in this case was understood by BBC Sport to be £17 million with Finnan included. Barry was then stripped of the team captaincy, fined two weeks' wages and banned from training with the Villa squad.
He remained an Aston Villa player, starting in a UEFA Cup tie against Fimleikafélag Hafnarfjarðar, in which he scored in a 4–1 win. The goal against Hafnarfjordur was Barry's first European goal since he scored a penalty in the Intertoto Cup against Celta Vigo in 2000. On 18 September 2008, he made his 400th appearance in a Villa shirt in the UEFA Cup away to Litex Lovech, scoring a penalty as Villa won the match 3–1. Barry scored again for Villa as they beat Ajax 2–1 in their first UEFA Cup group match on 23 October 2008. Owing to the transfer saga, O'Neill had taken the captaincy away from him and handed it to centre-back Martin Laursen for the 2008–09 season. Following Laursen's injury, the captaincy was restored to Barry in January 2009. In total, he made 441 appearances for Aston Villa, scoring 52 goals in the process.
Manchester City
On 2 June 2009, Barry signed a five-year contract with Manchester City for a fee of £12 million and wore the number 18 shirt. Many Aston Villa fans publicly criticised Barry for this move considering his alleged desire to play in the UEFA Champions League. However, Barry responded to this positively and wrote a letter to the Birmingham Mail in which he thanked the Villa fans for their support while he was there, claiming that his move to City was for a "new challenge". He made his debut for City in the opening league game of the season against Blackburn Rovers at Ewood Park, playing the full 90 minutes in a 2–0 victory.
Barry scored his first Premier League goal for City against Manchester United at Old Trafford on 20 September 2009 levelling the scores at 1–1, but City went on to lose the match 4–3. Three days later, he scored a header in a League Cup tie with Fulham to make the scores 1–1 and City went on to win in extra time. On 16 February 2010, a week before his 29th birthday he played the full 90 minutes and scored a late equaliser in a 1–1 draw against Stoke City at the Britannia Stadium. Barry started the 2011 FA Cup Final as City defeated Stoke 1–0.
Barry scored his first goal of the 2011–12 season on 21 August in a 3–2 win against Bolton Wanderers. On 3 January 2012 he was sent off for the first time since joining Manchester City, in a 3–0 league win against Liverpool. Barry made 34 Premier League appearances in the 2011–12 season as Manchester City won the league title, the club's first in 44 years. On 11 December 2012, Barry was charged with misconduct by the Football Association, and two days later he was fined £8,000 and banned for one match for the offence, having verbally abused a match official.
Everton
On 2 September 2013, transfer deadline day, Barry was loaned to Everton in a season-long deal. He made his debut on 15 September in a 1–0 home league win against Chelsea during which he made a block on Samuel Eto'o which prevented a certain goal, later being named man of the match. Later in the month Barry became the 10th player in Premier League history to make 500 career appearances in a 3–2 win over Newcastle United. He scored his first goal for the club in a 2–1 victory over Hull City on 19 October; the goal was originally awarded to Kevin Mirallas; however, the goals panel ruled that en route to the goal, Barry was deemed to have got the last touch on the ball before it beat Hull keeper Allan McGregor. He scored a long range effort in a 2–0 victory against Norwich City on 11 January 2014. He became a mainstay in Everton's midfield during the season and forged a partnership with James McCarthy. Barry completed the most passes of any Everton player during his spell as he helped the club amass a club record of 72 Premier League points to finish fifth. Barry was booked 10 times during the season to have the worst disciplinary record at the club.
On 8 July 2014, following his successful loan spell at Goodison Park, Barry completed a permanent move to Everton, signing a three-year deal having been released by Manchester City following the expiry of his contract. On 26 December, he was booked for a foul on Steven Nzonzi in a 1–0 home loss to Stoke City, making him the first player to receive 100 yellow cards in the Premier League era. Barry was sent off with two minutes remaining away to Chelsea on 11 February 2015 for a foul on Willian, causing a melée in which he was confronted by Branislav Ivanović; the game was scoreless at the incident and Everton eventually lost 1–0.
Barry was sent off in added time at the end of a 2–1 loss at Arsenal on 24 October 2015, receiving a second yellow card for a foul on Kieran Gibbs. Following Everton's 2–1 win over Manchester City in the first leg of the League Cup semi-final on 6 January 2016, manager Roberto Martínez described Barry as "one of the best English players ever." On 12 March 2016 in a 2–0 win over Chelsea in the FA Cup quarter-final, Barry was booked for a confrontation with Diego Costa, who was given a second yellow card for his part and sent off. Barry, who was later sent off himself, denied suggestions that he had been bitten on the neck by his opponent. Facing Sunderland in May 2016, he set a new record by starting a Premier League game for the 572nd time.
Barry became the third player (after Ryan Giggs and Frank Lampard) to make 600 Premier League appearances when he played against Middlesbrough on 17 September 2016, and equalised from a corner-kick routine in a 3–1 victory.
West Bromwich Albion
On 15 August 2017, Barry signed for fellow Premier League side West Bromwich Albion for an undisclosed fee. Four days later he made his debut for the Baggies in a 1–0 win at Burnley and manager Tony Pulis praised him as "absolutely fantastic". On 25 September, Barry captained West Brom as he made his 633rd Premier League appearance, beating Ryan Giggs' record of 632, in a 2–0 loss to Arsenal at the Emirates Stadium. At the time of breaking the record, Barry was eighth in English top-flight appearances since the Second World War.
After an injury brought his 2018–19 season to a premature end, Barry was released by West Brom in July 2019. After he recovered, the club expressed interest in re-signing him in October 2019, but a clause in his previous deal meant his former club, Everton, would be due a further payment if he received a contract extension. He was eventually re-signed on 4 November 2019 until the end of the 2019–20 season.
International career
Barry first represented England at under-16 level, and also played for the under-18s. He made his England under-21 debut against the Czech Republic in 1998, and made 27 appearances for the under-21 side between 1998 and 2003. This was a record at the time, though has since been surpassed.
Barry was first picked for the senior England side by Kevin Keegan. After an injury to Jason Wilcox, he travelled to UEFA Euro 2000, but did not feature in any of the side's games. Barry made his England debut as a substitute in a pre-Euro 2000 friendly against Ukraine on 31 May 2000. His first start for England was in the 1–1 draw against France on 2 September 2000. He appeared as a half-time substitute in England's first 2002 FIFA World Cup qualifier against Germany in the final match played at the old Wembley Stadium. After the resignation of Keegan, Barry was selected to start at left-back in England's next qualifier away in Finland by caretaker coach Howard Wilkinson.
After Sven-Göran Eriksson's appointment, Barry returned to play for the England under-21 team. The emergence of Ashley Cole and Wayne Bridge as England's first- and second-choice left-backs restricted Barry's chances of a recall; however, he was named in May 2003 in England's squad to play friendly matches against South Africa and Serbia & Montenegro, making a late substitute appearance in both matches.
On 2 February 2007, Barry was recalled to the England squad, following a four-year international exile, by Eriksson's replacement Steve McClaren. The midfielder had been resigned to never winning another cap under Eriksson. He was brought on at the beginning of the second half of the friendly match against Spain five days later, as substitute for Steven Gerrard, and played left midfield for the majority of the game, moving to left-back when Stewart Downing was brought on; England lost 1–0. On 25 May, Barry played for England B in a 3–1 victory over Albania, getting an assist for England's first goal scored by Alan Smith.
In August 2007, Barry became one of the few players to represent England at both the old and new Wembley Stadiums by coming on as a substitute, replacing Michael Carrick in a friendly against Germany.
Barry started in central midfield for England against Israel on 8 September 2007, as a replacement for the injured Owen Hargreaves, and recorded two assists. He kept his place with Hargreaves declared unfit for the match against Russia on 12 September 2007, and produced another impressive display. BBC pundits Ian Wright and Alan Shearer commented that Barry was immense in the centre of midfield alongside Gerrard, forming a wonderful partnership together, and further commented that he should have been made man of the match overall for the two performances against Israel and Russia.
He was also given the official man of the match for England's UEFA Euro 2008 home qualifier against Estonia. He was selected to start against Switzerland on 6 February 2008, England's first match under new coach Fabio Capello. He was again selected to start in England's friendly away to France on 26 March 2008. Barry scored his first international goal against Trinidad and Tobago on 1 June 2008; this completed a personal treble for Barry, as he also captained England in the second half of his 20th cap.
He appeared in every one of England's ten games during the 2008–09 season up until the game against Andorra on 10 June 2009, for which he was suspended, having picked up yellow cards in the games against Ukraine and Kazakhstan. In the game against Kazakhstan on 6 June, he scored his second international goal on his 13th cap, heading home a cross from Steven Gerrard.
Playing for England in a friendly against Egypt at Wembley, Barry was handed the captaincy in a game that they won 3–1, with his then Manchester City teammate Shaun Wright-Phillips on the scoresheet. However, an ankle injury picked up while playing for Manchester City made him uncertain for the 2010 FIFA World Cup, yet he was included in the 23-man England squad for the tournament. He missed the first game but played in the remaining three games for England, including the full 90 minutes of the second-round 4–1 defeat against Germany in Bloemfontein, which sent England out of the competition.
On 9 February 2011, he was again made captain for the final 10 minutes of the match against Denmark, after Frank Lampard and Ashley Cole had already worn the skipper's armband. On 29 March 2011, Barry skippered England against Ghana in a friendly match at Wembley in a 1–1 draw. On 4 June 2011, he was an unused substitute against Switzerland in a Euro 2012 qualifier at Wembley in a 2–2 draw. On 12 November 2011, he earned his 50th cap for England in the 1–0 win over Spain in a friendly after coming on as a substitute.
On 15 November 2011, Barry scored England's 2,000th international goal in a 1–0 friendly win over Sweden.
Barry was called into the England squad for UEFA Euro 2012 but ruled out of the tournament after picking up a groin injury. He was forced off less than 30 minutes after being introduced as a half-time substitute in the pre-tournament friendly against Norway in Oslo on 26 May 2012.
Personal life
Barry married his childhood sweetheart Louise in the summer of 2007.
Barry is best friends with Michael Standing, who signed for Aston Villa on the same day as him from Brighton in 1997. The pair have known each other since they were both ten years old. In 2009, Barry appointed Standing as his new agent after terminating his partnership with previous agent Alex Black.
Barry's nephew, Bradley Barry, is also a professional footballer.
In July 2018, his brother Marc died in a vehicle incident.
Career statistics
Club
International
England score listed first, score column indicates score after each Barry goal.
Honours
Aston Villa
UEFA Intertoto Cup: 2001
Manchester City
Premier League: 2011–12
FA Cup: 2010–11; runner-up 2012–13
Individual
Everton Player of the Season: 2015–16
Everton Players' Player of the Season: 2015–16
References
External links
Gareth Barry profile at the Everton F.C. website
Gareth Barry profile at the Football Association website
1981 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Hastings
English footballers
Association football midfielders
Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. players
Aston Villa F.C. players
Manchester City F.C. players
Everton F.C. players
West Bromwich Albion F.C. players
Premier League players
English Football League players
England youth international footballers
England under-21 international footballers
England B international footballers
England international footballers
UEFA Euro 2000 players
2010 FIFA World Cup players
FA Cup Final players
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1859742
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Gunfighters
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The Gunfighters
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The Gunfighters is the seventh serial of the third season in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four weekly parts from 30 April to 21 May 1966.
The serial is set in and around the town of Tombstone, Arizona, in the Wild West. In the serial, the time traveller the First Doctor (William Hartnell) and his travelling companions Steven Taylor (Peter Purves) and Dodo Chaplet (Jackie Lane) get themselves involved with the events leading up to the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral.
Plot
In the frontier town of Tombstone, Arizona, the troublesome Clanton brothers, Ike, Phineas and Billy, are in search of Doc Holliday to settle an old score over the death of another brother called Reuben. They meet up with their hired hand Seth Harper at the Last Chance Saloon. He knows what Holliday looks like and describes his coat and demeanour. This is overheard by bar singer Kate, who lets her paramour Holliday know he is in danger.
The TARDIS has arrived in a nearby stable, with the First Doctor in agony from toothache. He and his companions Steven and Dodo, dressed as cowboys, encounter local marshal Wyatt Earp, who offers them his protection and warns them to keep his counsel. The Doctor finds the dentist – Holliday himself - while Dodo and Steven book rooms at the hotel. There they are mocked by the Clantons, who suspect the Doctor they refer to is Holliday himself. Seth Harper is sent to the dentist's surgery and invites the Doctor, tooth removed, to the hotel in five minutes to meet his friends. Holliday is initially happy to let him be shot in his place, allowing the real Doc to disappear, but Kate intervenes to ensure the Doctor survives. This buys some time until Holliday relents and hides in an upstairs chamber of the hotel, firing his gun at appropriate moments to con the Clantons into thinking the Doctor is indeed Holliday the sharpshooter. Soon afterward Wyatt Earp and Sheriff Bat Masterson arrive and break up the fracas, taking the Doctor into custody for his own protection.
Steven now becomes embroiled in a plot to smuggle the Doctor a gun to help free him from the jailhouse, but the Doctor refuses to be armed. Steven is then confronted by a rabble wound up by the Clantons, who are intent on lynching him as an associate of Holliday. Earp and Masterson defuse the situation and take Phin Clanton into custody to ensure the co-operation of his brothers. The Doctor and Steven are freed and told to leave town as soon as possible.
Dodo has fallen in with Kate and Doc, who both plan to leave town and take her with them. When Seth Harper stumbles across their escape plans, Holliday kills him, and the trio depart. Harper's role as aide to the Clantons is soon replaced by a new arrival, Johnny Ringo, who shoots local barman Charlie by way of an introduction to the town of Tombstone. The Doctor and Steven return to the Last Chance Saloon in search of Dodo and encounter the dangerous Ringo.
Wyatt Earp's brothers Warren and Virgil have meanwhile arrived at Tombstone to help him enforce the law. The Doctor tells them that Ringo is in town. The other Clanton brothers visit the jail to free Phin, killing Warren Earp in the process.
Meanwhile, Steven heads out of town to look for Dodo with Ringo in town in search of Holliday. Steven and Kate are taken by Ringo to the Clanton ranch, where the Clantons recamp and tell their father, Pa Clanton, that they have killed an Earp. Wyatt Earp swears vengeance and starts to build a posse of lawmen to deal with the Clantons once and for all. Doc Holliday returns to Tombstone with Dodo, and offers his services to his old friend Earp too. Attempts by the Doctor to defuse the situation amount to little: there will be a gunfight at the O.K. Corral. On the one side are the three Clanton brothers and Johnny Ringo; on the other, the two Earps and Doc Holliday. At the end of the gunfight Ringo and the three Clantons are shot dead. Shortly thereafter the Doctor, Steven and Dodo slip away in the TARDIS.
They arrive on a strange planet, and decide to explore. As they leave, a strange man is seen approaching the TARDIS on the scanner.
Production
The working title for this story was The Gunslingers. This was the last serial of the classic series to have individual episode titles. From The Savages onward, each serial had an overall title divided into numbered parts or episodes. The caption at the end of "The OK Corral" reads "Next Episode: Dr. Who and the Savages".
Cast notes
Dalek voice actor David Graham played Charlie the barman. He later played Kerensky in City of Death (1979). Doc Holliday was played by Anthony Jacobs, whose son Matthew visited the set during production of the serial. Thirty years later, Matthew Jacobs wrote the script for the 1996 Doctor Who television movie.
Laurence Payne later played Morix in The Leisure Hive (1980) and Dastari in The Two Doctors (1985). Lynda Baron would later appear in the serial Enlightenment (1983), in the role of Captain Wrack, and as Val in the 2011 episode "Closing Time".
Richard Beale, who played Bat Masterson, had previously provided the voice of a disembodied Refusian in The Ark (1966).
Music
This story is notable for being the first Doctor Who episode to contain musical narration, in the form of the "Ballad of the Last Chance Saloon". It was sung by Lynda Baron and written by Tristram Cary. The ballad itself is included as an extra on the CD soundtrack release. The notion of commissioning original songs for Doctor Who would resume when the series was revived in 2005, beginning with "Song for Ten" in "The Christmas Invasion".
Broadcast and reception
A common myth is that this story has the lowest ratings of any Doctor Who story. This myth likely stems from a misunderstanding of the difference between audience share and Audience Appreciation scores. The former indicates the size of the viewing audience, and the latter is based on a survey gauging the viewers' opinions of the programme. In fact the audience size for the serial ranged from 6.5 million viewers for the first episode, to 5.7 million for the last. However, the Audience Appreciation scores for the last three episodes equalled or went below the lowest scores for Doctor Who, with the very last episode, "The O.K. Corral", having a score of 30%, the lowest ever to date.
That said, the story did post ratings that were disappointing by a number of different measures. The Gunfighters represented a significant decrease over the previous serial, The Celestial Toymaker, which had ranged from 7.8 to 9.4 million viewers. Each episode of The Gunfighters was also significantly lower than for the first 18 weeks of Season 3, wherein the lowest-rated week—at 7.9 million viewers—belonged to the episode "The Feast of Steven" from The Daleks' Master Plan. Each episode of the serial was also beaten by the serials which were respectively broadcast in similar April–May slots in 1965 (The Space Museum) and in 1964 (The Keys of Marinus).
While not the lowest-rated Doctor Who story of all time, or even the lowest-rated Hartnell story, The Gunfighters did open a sustained period of significantly lower ratings for the programme that lasted almost the entirety of the remainder of the First Doctor's era. Beginning with "The O.K. Corral" — the very same episode that received the lowest Audience Appreciation figures of any Doctor Who episode — no Hartnell episode topped 6 million viewers until Episode 2 of his final story, The Tenth Planet.
Contemporary viewers were unimpressed by the story; the BBC's Audience Research Report on the final episode noted several negative reactions, including: "has deteriorated from pure science-fiction into third-rate story telling", "The story was hackneyed, ridiculous and dull", "A weak and puerile plot", and "The script, even for a children's programme, was absolute rubbish".
Reviewing the serial in 2009, Mark Braxton of Radio Times gave The Gunfighters a mixed review, explaining that it could divide opinion. While he praised the set design, he criticised "The Ballad of the Last Chance Saloon", Steven's and Dodo's costumes, and the "American" accents. Overall, he felt that the narrative could use something else, like a science fiction element or a philosophical discussion from the Doctor. DVD Talk's John Sinnott gave the serial two-and-a-half out of five stars, describing it as "decent" with "a lot going for it" but marred by Purves's overacting, the accents, and especially "The Ballad of the Last Chance Saloon". More positively, IGN reviewer Arnold T Blumburg rated the serial 7 out of 10, praising Hartnell and the production values, as well as the high energy and enthusiasm. While he also derided the ballad, he wrote that "the accents really aren't all that bad". Neela Debnath of The Independent stated that younger viewers would enjoy it as an adventure, while older audiences would appreciate the satire. Paul Cornell, Martin Day and Keith Topping described the serial as "a comic masterpiece, winning one over with its sheer charm".
Commercial releases
In print
A novelisation of this serial, written by Donald Cotton, was published by Target Books in July 1985. It is narrated in the first person by Doc Holliday (a framing scene introduces him on his deathbed) and makes a major change in the character of Johnny Ringo by depicting him as a student of the classics. An unabridged reading of the novelisation, spoken by Shane Rimmer, was released in February 2013.
Home media
The Gunfighters was released on VHS in a box-set containing the final three complete Hartnell-era serials to be released in this format (the others being The Sensorites and The Time Meddler) in November 2002. The serial was released on CD in 2007, including linking narration, the entire "Ballad of the Last Chance Saloon", and a bonus interview with Peter Purves. It was released on DVD on 20 June 2011, along with The Awakening, in a box-set titled Earth Story.
References
External links
The Whoniverse's review on The Gunfighters
Target novelisation
First Doctor serials
Science fiction Westerns
Doctor Who historical serials
Doctor Who serials novelised by Donald Cotton
1966 British television episodes
Cultural depictions of Wyatt Earp
Cultural depictions of Doc Holliday
Cultural depictions of Bat Masterson
Cultural depictions of Big Nose Kate
Cultural depictions of Johnny Ringo
Television episodes set in Arizona
Fiction set in 1881
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15898665
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azhagappapuram
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Azhagappapuram
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Azhagappapuram is a panchayat town in Kanyakumari district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located about five miles northwest of Kanyakumari, the southern tip of India. It is one of the beautiful and model towns in the Kanyakumari district. It falls under the Agastheeswaram taluk of Tamil Nadu. St. Antony's church stands in the middle, which is the major site of attraction of Azhagai.
Location and transport
It spans an area of about nine km2. Kulasekarapuram is situated in the south-west and Myladi in the north-west, near Suchindram, Thovalai, Kanyakumari and Vattakottai. Trivandrum International Airport is the nearest airport. Kanyakumari Railway Station serves the town. Azhagappapuram can be reached from Kanyakumari, Nagercoil and Suchindram by road. National Highway 7 passes nearby.
Azhagai's main occupation is agriculture.
Demographics
India census,
References
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20090624103441/http://www.azhagaionline.com/
Kanyakumari
Cities and towns in Kanyakumari district
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52683986
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possibilist%20Democratic%20Party
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Possibilist Democratic Party
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The Democratic Party (, PD) was a Spanish political party created in 1879 by former Emilio Castelar as a split from the Federal Democratic Republican Party to contest the Spanish general election held in the same year. In 1884 it was renamed as the Possibilist Democratic Party (, PDP).
In 1893 it merged into the Liberal Party.
See also
Liberalism and radicalism in Spain
References
Defunct political parties in Spain
Defunct liberal political parties
Political parties established in 1879
Political parties disestablished in 1893
1879 establishments in Spain
1893 disestablishments in Spain
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5023273
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A5vatnet
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Nåvatnet
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Nåvatnet is a lake in the municipality of Åseral in Agder county, Norway. The lake lies about west of the village of Kyrkjebygda. The lake has four dams at various locations at the southern end for purposes of power generation at the nearby Skjerka power station. The lake is long, but only about wide at its widest point.
See also
List of lakes in Norway
References
Åseral
Lakes of Agder
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54436174
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl%20Kirwan
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Carl Kirwan
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Carl Kirwan (born 21 March 1991) is an English rugby union player who plays for Nottingham in the RFU Championship.
Kirwan came through the Newcastle Falcons academy, previously spent two years at Rotherham Titans following a spell with hometown club Middlesbrough.
Kirwan made a significant impact during his campaigns at London Welsh previously captained the side, scoring eight tries in 24 Championship appearances and helped the club beat Bristol to win promotion to the Aviva Premiership, and was subsequently named Supporters Club Player of the Year.
On 16 June 2015, Kirwan left London Welsh to sign for Worcester Warriors in the Aviva Premiership from the 2015-16 season.
After a season at National League 1 side Chinnor he was signed by Nottingham in the RFU Championship were he will combine his rugby career with a career in construction.
References
External links
Worcester Warriors Profile
1991 births
Living people
English rugby union players
Rotherham Titans players
Rugby union players from Durham, England
Worcester Warriors players
London Welsh RFC players
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