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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line%203%20%28Nanjing%20Metro%29
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Line 3 (Nanjing Metro)
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Line 3 is a north-south line on the Nanjing Metro that opened on April 1, 2015, running from to . Currently, the line contains 29 stations spanning a total of . Between and , it runs parallel to Line 1.
Opening timeline
Station list
References
External links
Line 3 on the official Nanjing Metro website (includes route map)
Nanjing Metro lines
2015 establishments in China
Railway lines opened in 2015
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39309146
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yenik%C3%B6y%2C%20Tarsus
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Yeniköy, Tarsus
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Yeniköy is a village in Tarsus district of Mersin Province, Turkey. It is situated in the Taurus Mountains to the west of Turkish state highway . Its distance to Tarsus is and to Mersin is . The population of Yeniköy was 178. as of 2012.
References
Villages in Tarsus District
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46964247
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline%20of%20European%20imperialism
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Timeline of European imperialism
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This Timeline of European imperialism covers episodes of imperialism by western nations since 1400; for other countries, see .
Pre-1700
1402 Castillian invasion of Canary Islands.
1415 Portuguese conquest of Ceuta.
1420-1425 Portuguese settlement of Madeira.
1433-1436 Portuguese settlement of Azores.
1445 Portuguese construction of trading post on Arguin Island.
1450 Portuguese construction of trading post on Goree Island.
1462 Portuguese settlement of Cape Verde islands.
1474 Portuguese settlement of Annobón island.
1470 Portuguese settlement of Bioko island.
1482 Portuguese construction of Elmina Castle.
1493 Portuguese settlement of Sao Tome and Principe.
1510 Portuguese conquest of Goa.
1511 Portuguese conquest of Malacca City.
1517 Portuguese conquest of Colombo.
1556 Portuguese colonization of Timor.
1557 Portuguese construction of trading post in Macau.
1556-1599 Spanish conquest of Philippines.
1598: Dutch established colony on uninhabited island of Mauritius; they abandon it in 1710.
1608: Dutch opened their first trading post in India at Golconda.
1613: Dutch East India Company expands operations in Java.
1613–20: Netherlands becomes England's major rival in trade, fishing, and whaling. The Dutch form alliances with Sweden and the Hanseatic League; England counters with an alliance with Denmark.
1623. The Amboyna massacre occurs in Japan with execution of English traders; England closes its commercial base opened in 1613 at Hirado. Trade ends for more than two centuries.
1664. French East India Company Chartered for trade in Asia and Africa.
Colonization of North America
1565 – Saint Augustine, Florida – Spanish
1604 – Acadia – French
1605 – Port Royal – French; in Nova Scotia
1607 – Jamestown, Virginia – English; established by Virginia Company
1607 – Popham Colony – English; failed effort in Maine
1608 – Quebec, Canada – French
1610 – Cuper's Cove, First English settlement in Newfoundland; abandoned by 1820
1610 – Santa Fe, New Mexico – Spanish
1612 – Bermuda – English; established by Virginia Company
1615 – Fort Nassau – Dutch; became Albany New York
1620 – St. John's, Newfoundland – English; capital of Newfoundland
1620 – Plymouth Colony, absorbed by Massachusetts Bay– English; small settlement by Pilgrims
1621 – Nova Scotia – Scottish
1623 – Portsmouth, New Hampshire – English; becomes the Colony of New Hampshire
1625 – New Amsterdam – Dutch; becomes New York City
1630 – Massachusetts Bay Colony – English; The main Puritan colony.
1632 – Williamsburgh – English; becomes the capital of Virginia.
1633 – Fort Hoop – Dutch settlement; Now part of Hartford Connecticut
1633 – Windsor, Connecticut – English
1634 – Maryland Colony – English
1634 – Wethersfield, Connecticut – First English settlement in Connecticut, comprising migrants from Massachusetts Bay.
1635 – Territory of Sagadahock – English
1636 – Providence Plantations – English; became Rhode Island*
1636 – Connecticut Colony – English
1638 – New Haven Colony – English; later merged into Connecticut colony
1638 – Fort Christina – Swedish; now part of Wilmington Delaware
1638 – Hampton, New Hampshire – English
1639 – San Marcos – Spanish
1640 – Swedesboro- Swedish
1651 – Fort Casimir – Dutch
1660 – Bergen – Dutch
1670 – Charleston, South Carolina – English
1682 – Pennsylvania – English Quakers;
1683? – Fort Saint Louis (Illinois)- French;
1683 – East New Jersey – Scottish
1684 – Stuarts Town, Carolina – Scottish
1685 – Fort Saint Louis (Texas)- French
1698 – Pensacola, Florida – Spanish
1699 – Louisiana (New France) – French;
1700 to 1799
1704: Gibraltar captured by British on 4 August; becomes British naval bastion into the 21st century
1713: Treaty of Utrecht, ends War of the Spanish Succession and gives Britain territorial gains, especially Gibraltar, Acadia. Newfoundland, and the land surrounding Hudson Bay. The lower Great Lakes-Ohio area became a free trade zone.
1756–63 Seven Years' War, Britain, Prussia, and Hanover against France, Austria, the Russian Empire, Sweden, and Saxony. Major battles in Europe and North America; the East India Company also in involved in the Third Carnatic War (1756–1763) in India. Britain victorious and takes control of all of Canada; France seeks revenge.
1775–83: American Revolutionary War as 13 Colonies revolt; Britain has no major allies. It is the first successful colonial revolt in European history.
1783: Treaty of Paris ends Revolutionary War; British give generous terms to US with boundaries as British North America on north, Mississippi River on west, Florida on south. Britain gives East and West Florida to Spain
1784: Britain allows trade with America but forbid some American food exports to West Indies; British exports to America reach £3.7 million, imports only £750,000
1784: Pitt's India Act re-organised the British East India Company to minimise corruption; it centralised British rule by increasing the power of the Governor-General
1793 to 1870
1792: In India, British victory over Tipu Sultan in Third Anglo-Mysore War; cession of one half of Mysore to the British and their allies.
1793–1815: Wars of the French Revolution, and Napoleonic wars; French conquests spread Ideas of the French Revolution, including abolition of serfdom, modern legal systems, and of Holy Roman Empire; stimulate rise of nationalism
1804–1865: Russia expand across Siberia to Pacific.
1804–1813: Uprising in Serbia against the ruling Ottoman Empire
1807: Britain makes the international slave trade criminal; Slave Trade Act 1807; United States criminalizes the international slave trade at the same time.
1810–1820s: Spanish American wars of independence
1810–1821: Mexican War of Independence
1814–15: Congress of Vienna; Reverses French conquests; restores reactionaries to power. However, many liberal reforms persist; Russia emerges as a powerful factor in European affairs.
1815–1817: Serbian uprising leading to Serbian autonomy
1819: Stamford Raffles founds Singapore as outpost of British Empire.
1821–1823: Greek War of Independence
1822: Independence of Brazil proclaimed by Dom Pedro I
1822–27: George Canning in charge of British foreign policy, avoids co-operation with European powers.
1823: United States issues Monroe Doctrine to preserve newly independent Latin American states; issued in cooperation with Britain, whose goal is to prevent French & Spanish influence and allow British merchants access to the opening markets. American goal is to prevent the New World becoming a battlefield among European powers.
1821–32: Greece wins Greek War of Independence against the Ottoman Empire; the 1832 Treaty of Constantinople is ratified at the London Conference of 1832.
1830: Start of the French conquest of Algeria
1833: Slavery Abolition Act 1833 frees slaves in British Empire; the owners (who mostly reside in Britain) are paid £20 million.
1839–42: Britain wages First Opium War against China
1842: Britain forces China to sign the Treaty of Nanking. It opens trade, cedes territory (especially Hong Kong), fixes Chinese tariffs at a low rate, grants extraterritorial rights to foreigners, and provides both a most favoured nation clause, as well as diplomatic representation.
1845: Oregon boundary dispute threatens war between Great Britain and the United States.
1846: Oregon Treaty ends dispute with the United States. Border settled on the 49th parallel. The British territory becomes British Columbia and later joins Canada. The American territory becomes Oregon Territory and will later become the states of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, as well as parts of Wyoming and Montana.
1846: The Corn Laws are repealed; free trade in grain strengthens the British economy By increasing trade with exporting nations.
1845: Republic of Texas voluntarily joins the United States. Annexation causes the Mexican–American War, 1846–48.
1848: United States victorious in Mexican–American War; annexes area from New Mexico to California
1848–49: Second Sikh war; the British East India Company subjugates the Sikh Empire, and annexes Punjab
1857: Indian Mutiny suppressed. It has major long-term impact on reluctance to grant independence to Indians.
1858: The government of India transferred from East India Company to the crown; the government appoints a viceroy. He rules portions of India directly, and dominates local princes in the other portions. British rule guarantees that local wars will not happen inside India.
1861–1867: French intervention in Mexico; United States demands French withdrawal after 1865; France removes its army, and its puppet Emperor is executed.
1862: Treaty of Saigon; France occupies three provinces in southern Vietnam.
1863: France establishes a protectorate over Cambodia.
1867: British North America Act, 1867 creates the Dominion of Canada, a federation with internal self-government; foreign and defence matters are still handled by London.
1870–1914
1874: Second Treaty of Saigon, France controls all of South Vietnam
1875–1900: Britain, France, Germany, Portugal and Italy join in the Scramble for Africa
1876: Korea signs unequal treaty with Japan
1878: Austria occupies Bosnia-Herzegovina while Ottoman Empire is at war with Russia
1878: Ottoman Empire wins main possessions in Europe; Treaty of Berlin recognising the independence of Romania, Serbia and Montenegro and the autonomy of Bulgaria
1882: Korea signs equal treaties with the United States and others
1884: France makes Vietnam a country .
1885: King Leopold of Belgium establishes the Congo Free State, under his personal control. There is a role for the government of Belgium until the King's financial difficulties lead to a series of loans; it takes over in 1908.
1893: France makes Laos a protectorate.
1893: Overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii
1895: Creation of French West Africa (AOF)
1896–1910: Japan takes full control of Korea.
1900: Fashoda Incident in Africa threatens war between France and Britain; Settled peacefully
1898: United States demands that Spain immediately reform its rule in Cuba; Spain procrastinates; US wins short Spanish–American War
1898: Annexation of the Republic of Hawaii as a United States territory via the Newlands Resolution
1898: In the Treaty of Paris, the United States obtains the Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico, and makes Cuba a protectorate.
1899–1900: Anti-imperialist sentiment in the United States mobilizes but fails to stop the expansion.
1900-08: King Leopold is denounced worldwide for his maltreatment of rubber workers in Congo. The campaign is led by journalist E.D. Morel.
1908: Austria annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina; pays compensation and colonial issues. The chief pressure group was the Parti colonial, a coalition of 50 organizations with a combined total of 5,000 members.
1914–1919
1917: Jones Act gives full American citizenship to Puerto Ricans.
1918: Austrian Empire ends, Austria becomes a republic, Hungary becomes a kingdom, Czechoslovakia, Poland, and Yugoslavia become independent
1919: German and Ottoman colonies came under the control of the League of Nations, which distributed them as "mandates" to Great Britain, France, Japan, Belgium, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand.
Maps
See also
Timeline of European exploration
Chronology of Western colonialism
British Empire
Historiography of the British Empire
French colonial empire
Timeline of British diplomatic history
Chinese expansionism
Empire of Japan
Inca Empire
Ottoman Empire
Timeline of the European colonization of North America
Notes
Further reading
Surveys
Morris, Richard B. and Graham W. Irwin, eds. Harper Encyclopedia of the Modern World: A Concise Reference History from 1760 to the Present (1970) online
Albrecht-Carrié, René. A Diplomatic History of Europe Since the Congress of Vienna (1958), 736pp; a basic introduction, 1815–1955 online free to borrow
Baumgart, Winfried. Imperialism: The Idea and Reality of British and French Colonial Expansion, 1880–1914 (1982)
Betts, Raymond F. The False Dawn: European Imperialism in the Nineteenth Century (1975)
Betts, Raymond F. Uncertain Dimensions: Western Overseas Empires in the Twentieth Century (1985)
Black, Jeremy. European International Relations, 1648–1815 (2002) excerpt and text search
Burbank, Jane, and Frederick Cooper. Empires in World History: Power and the Politics of Difference (2011), Very wide-ranging coverage from Rome to the 1980s; 511pp
Dodge, Ernest S. Islands and Empires: Western Impact on the Pacific and East Asia (1976)
Furber, Holden. Rival Empires of Trade in the Orient, 1600-1800 (1976)
Furber, Holden, and Boyd C Shafer. Rival Empires of Trade in the Orient, 1600-1800 (1976)
Hodge, Carl Cavanagh, ed. Encyclopedia of the Age of Imperialism, 1800-1914 (2 vol. 2007), Focus on European leaders
Kennedy, Paul. The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000 (1989) excerpt and text search; very wide-ranging, with much on economic power
Langer, William. An Encyclopedia of World History (5th ed. 1973), very detailed outline; 6th edition ed. by Peter Stearns (2001) has more detail on Third World
McAlister, Lyle N. Spain and Portugal in the New World, 1492-1700 (1984)
Mowat, R. B. A History of European Diplomacy 1815–1914 (1922), basic introduction
Page, Melvin E. ed. Colonialism: An International Social, Cultural, and Political Encyclopedia (3 vol. 2003); vol. 3 consists of primary documents; vol. 2 pages 647-831 has a detailed chronology
Porter, Andrew. European Imperialism, 1860-1914 (1996), Brief survey focuses on historiography
Savelle, Max. Empires to Nations: Expansion in America, 1713-1824 (1975)
Smith, Tony. The Pattern of Imperialism: The United States, Great Britain and the Late-Industrializing World Since 1815 (1981)
Taylor, A.J.P. The Struggle for Mastery in Europe: 1848–1918 (1954) excerpt and text search; advanced analysis Of diplomacy
Wilson, Henry. The Imperial Experience in Sub-Saharan Africa since 1870 (1977)
Africa
.
Wesseling, H.L. and Arnold J. Pomerans. Divide and rule: The partition of Africa, 1880–1914 (Praeger, 1996.) online
Asia
Cady, John Frank. The roots of French imperialism in Eastern Asia (1967).
Darby, Phillip. Three Faces of Imperialism: British and American Approaches to Asia and Africa, 1870-1970 (1987)
Davis, Clarence B. "Financing Imperialism: British and American Bankers as Vectors of Imperial Expansion in China, 1908–1920." Business History Review 56.02 (1982): 236–264.
Harris, Paul W. "Cultural imperialism and American protestant missionaries: collaboration and dependency in mid-nineteenth-century China." Pacific Historical Review (1991): 309–338. in JSTOR
Kazemzadeh, Firuz. Russia and Britain in Persia, 1864-1914: A Study in Imperialism (1968)
Lebra-Chapman, Joyce. Japan's Greater East Asia co-prosperity sphere in World War II: selected readings and documents (Oxford University Press, 1975)
Lee, Robert. France and the exploitation of China, 1885-1901: A study in economic imperialism (1989)
Webster, Anthony. Gentleman Capitalists: British Imperialism in Southeast Asia 1770-1890 (IB Tauris, 1998)
Atlantic world
Greene, Jack P., and Philip D. Morgan, Atlantic History: A Critical Appraisal, ed. by (Oxford University Press, 2009)
Hodson, Christopher, and Brett Rushforth, "Absolutely Atlantic: Colonialism and the Early Modern French State in Recent Historiography," History Compass, (January 2010) 8#1 pp 101–117
Latin America
Brown, Matthew, ed. Informal Empire in Latin America: Culture, Commerce, and Capital (2009)
Dávila, Carlos, et al. . Business History in Latin America: The Experience of Seven Countries (Liverpool University Press, 1999) online
Miller, Rory. Britain and Latin America in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries (Longman, 1993)
British Empire
Bayly, C. A. ed. Atlas of the British Empire (1989). survey by scholars; heavily illustrated
Brendon, Piers. "A Moral Audit of the British Empire." History Today, (Oct 2007), Vol. 57 Issue 10, pp 44–47, online
Brendon, Piers. The Decline and Fall of the British Empire, 1781-1997 (2008), wide-ranging survey
Colley, Linda. Captives: Britain, Empire, and the World, 1600-1850 (2004), 464pp
Dalziel, Nigel. The Penguin Historical Atlas of the British Empire (2006), 144 pp
Darwin, John. The Empire Project: The Rise and Fall of the British World-System, 1830-1970 (2009) excerpt and text search
Darwin, John. Unfinished Empire: The Global Expansion of Britain (2013)
Ferguson, Niall. Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order and the Lessons for Global Power (2002)
Gallagher, John, and Ronald Robinson. "The Imperialism of Free Trade" Economic History Review (1953) 6#1 pp: 1-15. Highly influential argument that British merchants and financiers imposed an economic imperialism without political control. in JSTOR
Hyam, Ronald. Britain's Imperial Century, 1815-1914: A Study of Empire and Expansion (1993).
James, Lawrence. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire (1997), very highly regarded survey.
Judd, Denis. Empire: The British Imperial Experience, From 1765 to the Present (1996). online edition
Lloyd; T. O. The British Empire, 1558-1995 Oxford University Press, 1996 online edition
Louis, William. Roger (general editor), The Oxford History of the British Empire, 5 vols. (1998–99).
vol 1 "The Origins of Empire" ed. by Nicholas Canny
vol 2 "The Eighteenth Century" ed. by P. J. Marshall excerpt and text search
vol 3 The Nineteenth Century edited by William Roger Louis, Alaine M. Low, Andrew Porter; (1998). 780 pgs. online edition
vol 4 The Twentieth Century edited by Judith M. Brown, (1998). 773 pgs online edition
vol 5 "Historiography" ed, by Robin W. Winks (1999)
Marshall, P.J. (ed.) The Cambridge Illustrated History of the British Empire (1996). excerpt and text search
James, Lawrence. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire (1997).
Marshall, P.J. (ed.) The Cambridge Illustrated History of the British Empire (1996). excerpt and text search
Robinson, Howard. The Development of the British Empire (1922), 465pp 30 online edition
Schreuder, Deryck, and Stuart Ward, eds. Australia's Empire (Oxford History of the British Empire Companion Series) (2010)
Simms, Brendan. Three Victories and a Defeat: The Rise and Fall of the First British Empire (2008), 800pp excerpt and text search
Smith, Simon C. British Imperialism 1750-1970 (1998). brief
Stockwell, Sarah, ed. The British Empire: Themes and Perspectives (2008) 355pp.
Weigall, David. Britain and the World, 1815–1986: A Dictionary of International relations (1989)
French Empire
Hutton, Patrick H. ed. Historical Dictionary of the Third French Republic, 1870–1940 (2 vol 1986)
Northcutt, Wayne, ed. Historical Dictionary of the French Fourth and Fifth Republics, 1946- 1991 (1992)
Aldrich, Robert. Greater France: A History of French Overseas Expansion (1996)
Betts, Raymond. Assimilation and Association in French Colonial Theory, 1890–1914 (2005) excerpt and text search
Clayton, Anthony. The Wars of French Decolonization (1995)
.
Roberts, Stephen H. History of French Colonial Policy (1870-1925) (2 vol 1929) vol 1 online also vol 2 online; Comprehensive scholarly history
Rosenblum, Mort. Mission to Civilize: The French Way (1986) online review
Priestley, Herbert Ingram. (1938) France overseas;: A study of modern imperialism 463pp; encyclopedic coverage as of late 1930s
Thomas, Martin. The French Empire Between the Wars: Imperialism, Politics and Society (2007) 1919–1939
Thompson, Virginia, and Richard Adloff. French West Africa (Stanford University Press, 1958)
Decolonization
Lawrence, Adria K. Imperial Rule and the Politics of Nationalism: Anti-Colonial Protest in the French Empire (Cambridge UP, 2013) online reviews
Rothermund, Dietmar. Memories of Post-Imperial Nations: The Aftermath of Decolonization, 1945-2013 (2015) excerpt; Compares the impact on Great Britain, the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Portugal, Italy and Japan
Sanders, David. Losing an Empire, Finding a Role: British Foreign Policy Since 1945 (1990) broad coverage of all topics in British foreign policy
Simpson, Alfred William Brian. Human Rights and the End of Empire: Britain and the Genesis of the European Convention (Oxford University Press, 2004).
Smith, Tony. "A comparative study of French and British decolonization." Comparative Studies in Society and History (1978) 20#1 pp: 70-102. online
Thomas, Martin, Bob Moore, and Lawrence J. Butler. Crises of Empire: Decolonization and Europe's imperial states (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2015)
Primary sources
Page, Melvin E. ed. Colonialism: An International Social, Cultural, and Political Encyclopedia (3 vol. 2003); vol. 3 consists of primary documents
Historiography of the British Empire
Timeline
Imperialism
History of the foreign relations of India
History of the foreign relations of Pakistan
Overseas empires
Timeline
Diplomatic
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29513109
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrocercops%20isotoma
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Acrocercops isotoma
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Acrocercops isotoma is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is found in Queensland, Australia.
References
isotoma
Moths of Australia
Moths described in 1940
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2342431
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minas%20de%20Oro
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Minas de Oro
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Minas de Oro is a municipality in the Honduran department of Comayagua.
Geography
Minas de Oro is located to the northeast of Comayagua, 150 km to the northwest of Tegucigalpa, the capital of Honduras. It is surround by the mountains named Grande, El Cobre and El Peñón. To the north, the district of Victoria; to the south, the San Luis and Esquías districts; to the east, the San Jose del Potero district and to the west, the La Libertad district.
Historical information
Minas de Oro was founded as a consequence of the gold rushes that were common in the region, when workers and neighbours settled in the area. During one of his visits to this place, Juan Lindo discovered a gold mine. For that reason it has continued to be called "Minas de Oro" (Gold Mines).
During Dr. Policarpo Bonillas's administration, citizenship began negotiating with the Círculo de Cabañas, an association that grouped the municipalities of Minas de Oro, Esquías and San José del Potrero. These negotiations led to the transfer of the head of such association to Minas de Oro in 1893, during general Domingo Vazquez's administration. To justify the transfer, the citizenship argued that the powerful increment of the footwear industry, the commercial relationship between Minas de Oro, Tegucigalpa and the northern coast, and the growing café crops in the region were becoming Minas de Oro's main patrimonies, which at least in the first case it held true in the subsequent years.
Education
City of education
In the 1990s, Minas de Oro was called a "city of education" in Honduras because it was the only municipality where all the towns had access to a primary education.
The Malcotal
Minas de Oro counted on the Malcotal School, oriented to the agroforestal formation led by a North American. The only thing left of this institution is a house turned centre of tourist retirements in the highway that leads to Mines of San Antonio.
Evangelical Boarding School
Minas de Oro were counted by the decade from the 1960s to 1990s in the Famous Evangelical Institute that has a boarding school where students from all of the republic of Honduras went. Its musical, English formation and Biblical education was recognised. At the beginning of the 1960s, it closed because of stoked heat from the insecurity in the access routes, stop cost of fuels, local competition, and complexity in the administrative handling of this type of institution.
Minas de Oro Regional Institute
List of villages
031101 Minas de Oro
031102 Agua Blanca
031103 El Socorro
031104 El Zompopero
031105 La Hoya de la Puerta
031106 Las Huertas
031107 Minas de San Antonio
031108 Montecitos
031109 Pimientilla
031110 San Isidro del Mal Paso
031111 Santa Cruz
List of
Notable people
Neida Sandoval – A host of the morning show Despierta America on the Spanish language network Univision.
Vicente Cáceres – teacher in one of the largest public schools of Honduras.
Ramón Carías Donaire – teacher, principal of the Villa Ahumada Normal School.
José María Calix – journalist
Sites of interest
Cerro Pelon – A mountain to the north of the city that is named after its lack of large trees. Only desert plants like cacti, small palms and bushes grow. There are also many caves that make popular tourist attractions. This site is also known as Cerro Grande (Large Hill) or Cacalotepe in some geography books. Over the top there is a point of the first order geodetic net.
Evangelical Institute installations
El Malcotal installations
El Manantial Ecocenter
Cerro Los Tornillos
Some closed mines
References
External links
Minas de Oro website
Municipalities of the Comayagua Department
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40976903
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forever%20Gentlemen
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Forever Gentlemen
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Forever Gentlemen is an album produced by TF1 Musique joining well-known artists. The album was released on 21 October 2013 and includes tributes to crooners of the 1950s.
The album entered the SNEP French Albums Chart at number 2 in its first week of release.
In 2015 a compilation album of Volumes 1 and 2 was released in Canada reaching No.2 on the Canadian album chart and No.1 on the Quebec chart.
Track list
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Singles
Forever Gentlemen Volume 2
Because of the immense success of the album, Forever Gentlemen Vol. 2 was released as a compilation album produced again by TF1 Musique and joining another set of well-known artists. The album was released on 24 October 2014, exactly a year after the release of the original album and includes tributes to crooners of the 1950s. The selection includes classics in English and French languages and has notable participation of Paul Anka in a number of the interpretations.
The album entered the SNEP French Albums Chart at number 3 in its first week of release.
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
References
2013 compilation albums
2014 compilation albums
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25895346
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Crazy%20Family
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The Crazy Family
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is a 1984 Japanese film directed by Sōgo Ishii.
Awards and nominations
6th Yokohama Film Festival
Won: Best Newcomer - Youki Kudoh
8th Best Film
References
1984 films
Films directed by Sōgo Ishii
Japanese films
Japanese-language films
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29615414
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucidia
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Leucidia
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Leucidia is a genus of butterflies in the family Pieridae. They are native to the South America.
Species
Leucidia brephos (Hübner, [1809])
Leucidia elvina (Godart, 1819)
References
External links
Coliadinae
Pieridae genera
Taxa named by Edward Alexander Preble
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673611
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%20Pointe-de-l%27%C3%8Ele
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La Pointe-de-l'Île
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La Pointe-de-l'Île () is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2004. Its population in 2001 was 98,878.
The riding was created in 2003 from parts of Anjou—Rivière-des-Prairies, Hochelaga—Maisonneuve, and Mercier ridings.
Geography
The district includes the City of Montréal-Est, the neighbourhood of Pointe-aux-Trembles in the Borough of Rivière-des-Prairies–Pointe-aux-Trembles, and the eastern part of the neighbourhood of Longue-Pointe and the southern part of the neighbourhood of Mercier-Est in the Borough of Mercier–Hochelaga-Maisonneuve.
The neighbouring ridings are Hochelaga, Honoré-Mercier, Montcalm, Repentigny, Verchères—Les Patriotes, and Longueuil—Pierre-Boucher.
Demographics
According to the Canada 2016 Census
Languages: (2016) 83.0% French, 3.5% Spanish, 2.6% English, 2.0% Creole, 1.9% Arabic, 1.3% Italian, 0.6% Portuguese, 0.6% Romanian, 0.5% Vietnamese, 0.5% Kabyle
History
The riding is located in Eastern Montreal, traditionally the power base of the Quebec sovereignty movement. It had long been reckoned as the Bloc Québécois' safest riding. However, in 2011, after the retirement of longtime MP Francine Lalonde, it fell to the New Democratic Party along with all of the other ridings in Eastern Montreal.
This riding lost territory to Hochelaga and gained territory from Honoré-Mercier during the 2012 electoral redistribution.
Member of Parliament
This riding has elected the following Members of Parliament:
Election results
See also
List of Canadian federal electoral districts
Past Canadian electoral districts
References
Campaign expense data from Elections Canada
2011 Results from Elections Canada
Riding history from the Library of Parliament
Notes
Federal electoral districts of Montreal
Rivière-des-Prairies–Pointe-aux-Trembles
Montréal-Est, Quebec
Mercier–Hochelaga-Maisonneuve
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2898146
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue%20Comet%20SPT%20Layzner
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Blue Comet SPT Layzner
|
, somewhat translated as Blue Meteor SPT Layzner, is a science fiction anime series produced by Sunrise between 1985 and 1986. It was originally created by Tsunehisa Itō and Ryōsuke Takahashi; the latter being served as the director.
The series has described the story, focusing on an alien invasion on the subsequent totalitarian world occupation and the resistance in a timeline where the Cold War continues.
Premise
The story took place in the year 1996, where humanity is advanced enough to develop long-range space travel, as well as bases on both the Moon and Mars. However, the Cold War tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union have not ended; rather, they have escalated as both sides build military facilities in space, and the shadow of nuclear conflict looms over humanity, both on and off Earth.
Meanwhile, on Mars, an exchange program created by the United Nations to promote peace and understanding is about to begin; the "Cosmic Culture Club"—consisting of 16 members, as well as their instructor Elizabeth—arrives at the UN Mars base, and are being welcomed by the staff. Among the passengers is Anna—a 14-year-old girl who serves as the narrator for the story.
Suddenly, four unidentified humanoid robots classified as Super-Powered Tracers are detected, engaged in fierce combat with each other. The UN base is captured in the crossfire and quickly destroyed, eliminating all but six members of the "Cosmic Culture Club"—Elizabeth, Arthur, Roan, David, Simone, and Anna, leaving them stranded on the barren planet that has suddenly become a battlefield. As the battle ends, the lone SPT standing lands next to the terrified group and opens up revealing a pilot, who simply announces to them, "The Earth has been targeted".
The robots who destroyed the UN base were the creation of the Grados, an alien race, from the Udoria system, who came to the Sol system for conquest, seeing an easy victory as the two superpowers raged against each other to exhaustion—however, this could also be described as an act of pre-emptive self-defense; the Gradosian supercomputers have determined that humanity will eventually cease its in-fighting and become powerful enough to spread through the galaxy, feigning a deadly threat to even the far off Grados.
However, there were two Grados opposed to the plan: human astronaut Ken Asuka, assumed lost during a deep space mission but discovered by the Grados, and his son Null Albatro (his "human" name being Eiji). As the Grados prepared their invasion fleet, Eiji stows away on board one of the ships and steals their most powerful and advanced weapon, the SPT-LZ-00X Layzner before fleeing, seeking to warn humanity of its impending invasion. It was here where he was attacked. Aside from the Layzner, the surviving humans have now become very important to the Grados; as the only human passersby to the aliens and their power, the six are the only ones who can convince each belligerent power to stand down from destroying one another, and focus on the greater threat.
Cast
Albatro Null Eiji Asuka (Kazuhiko Inoue): Eiji is a hybrid with a human astronaut for a father and a Gradosian noblewoman for a mother. He grew up as a low-ranking Gradosian SPT pilot on the Empire's homeworld. A pacifist by nature, he still decides to take a more direct hand when he learns of the invasion of Earth. Unfortunately, he is torn between his beliefs and his loyalties towards the comrades of his homeworld, many of whom he considers to be his kindred. This forces Eiji to go to extreme lengths to not kill his opponents: an ideal made vastly difficult by the amoral AI aboard the Layzner.
Anna Stephanie (Hiroko Emori): The youngest member of the Cosmic Culture Club at age 14, she is a quiet and reserved girl who is highly intuitive and empathetic, allowing her to see the good nature inside of all people. This allows her to be the first to befriend and trust Eiji in spite of his Gradosian heritage.
David Rutherford (Hideyuki Umezu): The American member of the CCC, David is reckless, emotional, and headstrong: making him a very hot-blooded 17-year-old. However, this also makes him unable to deal with loss and fear. At first, had an intense hatred and distrust of Eiji stemming from the fact that he blamed the rebel for the death of his best friend Juno during Grados' initial raid on the CCC. Eventually he 'warms up' to Eiji through many trials and trusts him enough to become his wingman with the SPT-BB-02U Babel.
Roanne Demitrich (Katsumi Toriumi): Aged 15 years and a native of Switzerland, Roanne is a genius and is by far the most mature member of the group: often displaying calm, observant level-headedness usually attributed to people well beyond his years. Usually the strategist of the CCC, he was found constantly evaluating the situations they found themselves in determining the best possible solutions from whatever options they had. The best friend of Arthur Cummings Jr., his intelligent maturity quickly endeared him to Eiji as well. Also eventually acted as Eiji's second wingman with the SPT-BD-03U Baldy.
Simone Reflann (Fumi Hirano): At 16, Simone is the daughter of aristocracy being born of wealthy French and English parents. Initially appearing to be stubborn, cynical, and selfish she was at first opposed to engaging in guerrilla warfare against the Gradosian Empire. However, she eventually developed romantic feelings for Eiji and these allowed her to assist the rest of the CCC against Grados.
Arthur Cummings Jr. (Yuji Shikamata): Tied with David at 17 to be the oldest surviving member of the CCC, Arthur was well-liked among the CCC and a chief confidant of Roanne despite his tendencies of weakness, cowardice, and a weak will that made him prone to emotional outbursts and ramblings. Since he harbors a deep crush on Simone she uses this to her advantage in order to get him to do whatever he wants, exploiting his "eager to please" nature.
Dr. Elizabeth Clabery (Keiko Toda): The 24-year-old adult instructor and mentor of the Cosmic Culture Club, her controlled level-headedness allowed her to calm the frightened children during the first attack of the Super-Powered Tracers. Her main goal was to help Eiji and the surviving CCC members escape to the Earth in an attempt to warn its major superpowers about the impending Gradosian invasion.
Julia Asuka/Albatro Mill (Mari Yokoo): The older sister of Eiji, she was engaged to his best friend Gale, and the two were to wed in a matter of months. Julia refused to listen to her parent's pleas to help Earth and ran away from her family's home to live with Gale.
Ru Kain (Kaneto Shiozawa): Admiral Gresco's son, introduced in the second arc, Eiji's rival, and the main villain of the series. Appointed to Supreme Commander of Earth, he is ruthless and arrogant, believing in the ethnic superiority of the Gradosians. Although he tries to execute Julia for treason, he finds himself unable as he is strangely attracted to her spiritual force. He is determined to rule Earth and crush all resistance, but refuses to fight unfairly since he considers himself nobility.
'Rei' (Eriko Hara): The AI aboard the SPT-LZ-00X Layzner, its intelligence was so advanced that it developed an actual personality of its own which was nicknamed "Rei" by Eiji. Despite having feminine characteristics and the nature of a sweet child, Rei had no notion of morality and would usually recommend destroying the cockpit of an enemy SPT-instantly killing its pilot-rather than disabling its limbs as she believes that this is the most effective way to defeat an enemy. Often, she would seize controls of the Layzner herself in order to protect Eiji and the SPT from damage.
Gosterro (Masashi Hirose): A senior officer and ace pilot of the Gradosian militia who considered himself a rival of both Eiji & Gale. Once having romantic interests in Julia, she immediately rebuffed him. A sadistic psychopath, Gosterro delights in killing to the extent where his lust for blood overpowers all needs and reason, forcing him to take the lives of his own wingmen. Deeply wishing to kill Eiji, he personally takes the assignment of stopping the rebel with his own SPT-BG-91U Bullgrenn.
'Fouron' (Eriko Hara): A hidden, recessive program deep within the SPT-LZ-00X Layzner capable of overriding Rei, this AI had the persona of an adult male yet still kept the amorality of its predecessor. Programmed by Ken Asuka as a way of conveying information about Grados to the Earthlings, it would be surfaced whenever the Layzner was critically damaged, or Eiji was in serious danger of dying; its trademark purple eyes marking its complete control over the SPT, even its V-MAX system.
Admiral Gresco (Takeshi Watabe): Leader of the Gradosian fleet that invades Earth.
2nd Lieutenant Karla Egiel (Run Sasaki): A Gradosian ace pilot who flew in Gale's squadron with her SPT-DM-20C Dimarge, she secretly harbored feelings for her leader despite his own feelings for Julia.
Manjuro (Kozo Shioya):
Getey (Masaharu Sato):
Bohn (Koichi Hashimoto):
Lieutenant Ahmos Gale (Hideyuki Hori): Gale isn't only Eiji's friend, but also his future brother-in-law after he is engaged to Julia. A senior officer of the Gradosian militia aged 25, he is assigned to track down and stop the "traitor" Eiji after he turns against his own squadron and seeks to warn the Earth of its impending invasion. He pilots the SPT-GK-10U Greimkaiser.
Commander Gueler (Yūji Mitsuya):
Mash (Kazue Ikura):
Media
Anime
Blue Comet ran for 38 episodes from October 3, 1985 to June 26, 1986.
The anime had an OP and two ED songs. The OP was Melos no Yōni Lonely Way (Like Melos, Lonely Way), composed by Hideya Nakazaki and performed by Airmail from Nagasaki. The first ED song, which was for episodes 1-25, was Go-fun Dake no Wagamama (Just 5 Minutes of Selfishness), also composed by Hideya Nakazaki and performed by Seiko Tomizawa & Airmail from Nagasaki. The second ED song, which was for episodes 26-38, was La Rose Rouge (The Red Rose), composed by Tetsuji Hayashi and performed by Seiko Tomizawa.
Blue Comet's mech designs were done by Kunio Okawara.
A Blu-Ray release was done on September 18, 2013 with the Blu-Ray Box and the Recollections 1996-2000 Blu Ray Box version.
Possible North American release
Since the Summer of 2001, Bandai planned to release the series in North America. However, as with Giant Gorg, the plan was scrapped. The complete series concluded the damaged, blue-tinted video masters from Sunrise, and were unable to acquire replacements. Bandai's license to this and Giant Gorg expired in 2005.
Video games
This series was included in Super Robot Wars J for the Game Boy Advance and Super Robot Wars GC for the GameCube. It was also featured in Shin Super Robot Wars (its debut) and Super Robot Wars 64 with a primary storyline role of all the Super Robot Wars it has appeared in. In its recent appearances, the unused Layzner Mk-II design that briefly appears in the credits sequences of the "1999" arc has been an unlockable Unit. Characters such as Gale and Julia have also been able to join your side after convincing processes. Ru Kain and his Demon Death Platoon are frequent adversaries, as are most of the mass-produced SPTs.
The series also appears in the Another Century's Episode games, with the Layzner & Zakarl being playable in the first game and also the Greimkaiser & Bloodykaiser make appearances as CPU-only units. The sequel, Another Century's Episode 2, follows the basic plot of the series but adapts it to the setting produced by the combined plots of the anime involved. For example, Eiji's first appearance is just after the resolution of Martian Successor Nadesico, and the SDF-1 Macross's fold removes the heroes from Earth long enough for Grados to establish control over Manhattan. The heroes return in time to aid the resistance, and Eiji finally joins the team officially along with Domon Kasshu after they (and the player's current character) fight off the Demon Death Platoon and several Gundam Heads.
The series also appears in Harobots, since they're from Sunrise. Their units can act as 'wild' units or player units.
References
External links
1985 anime television series debuts
1986 anime OVAs
1980s toys
Alien invasions in television
Alternate history anime
Cold War fiction
Mecha anime and manga
Sunrise (company)
Bandai Namco franchises
Television series about the Moon
Fiction set on Mars
Alien invasions in fiction
Television series set in 1996
Television series set in the future
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39640119
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allah%20Akbar%20Garrison
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Allah Akbar Garrison
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Allah Akbar Garrison ( – Pādegān-e Allah Akbar) is a village and garrison in Howmeh-ye Jonubi Rural District, in the Central District of Eslamabad-e Gharb County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 332, in 82 families.
References
Populated places in Eslamabad-e Gharb County
Military installations of Iran
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43210514
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurbank%20murder%20case
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Nurbank murder case
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The Nurbank bank, founded in Atyrau regional governor's office was taken over by Rakhat Aliyev in January 2007. Shortly after, two Nurbank managers, Zholdas Timraliyev and Aybar Khasenov, were kidnapped, tortured and eventually killed by Aliyev. In May 2007, the criminal proceedings against Aliyev in Almaty began and Kazakhstan sentenced him for forty years.
History
In 1992, the Nurbank bank opened for business and became the seventh largest bank in Kazakhstan. "According to its Website, it is owned by the largest oil, food, publishing and foreign trade firms operating in Kazakhstan, and also currently lends to oil, food, foreign trade, and publishing & information firms."
In January 2007, Rakhat Aliyev became the main owner and acquired about 75% of all Nurbank’s assets. His father owned 6.71% and his 22-year-old son Nurali Aliyev was a sitting board member.
First kidnapping
Around January 18, 2007, Zholdas Timraliyev (vice president) and Abilmazhen Gilimov (chairmen of Nurbank) entered into a car and were threatened by Rakhat Aliyev, according to Abilmazhen Gilimov. Rakhat was looking to acquire possession of a prized financial building in Kazakhstan's commercial capital, Almaty by ensuring ownership passed to him. They escaped after 24 hours. During his kidnapping, Timraliyev was able to phone his wife and tell of his abduction. Timraliyev's wife (Armangul Kapasheva/Armangul Qapasheva) reported him missing. They escaped after being held for 24 hours. They both left their positions at Nurbank on January 19.
According to newspapers, the building Aliyev wanted them to sell, sold on January 22 for a very low price, four days after the alleged first kidnapping.
Second kidnapping
On January 31, Timraliyev disappeared again after receiving summons to speak with the tax police. Him and chairman of the board, Aibar Khasenov were reported missing. After a days of violent acts, both of the bodies were tucked into a metal drum, assailed with chalk and buried on a waste dump.
During his kidnapping, Timraliyev was able to phone his wife (Armangul Kapasheva) and tell of his abduction. She reported them missing and her strong public appearance about the disappearance of her husband and mounting pressure against Aliyev, the Kazakh authorities finally initiated criminal proceedings on May 10, 2007. The wives of the two missing Nurbank managers establish the TAGDYR association in order to find their husbands.
Lawsuits
See Also Tagdyr
As a result, Aliyev brought forth a lawsuit against the two wives, for “insulting his honor and dignity.”
Timraliyev’s wife was interviewed and several news outlets including,Svoboda Slova," "Tasjargan," "Vremya," and zonakz.net published her comments and now faced legal suit from Aliyev.
Criminal prosecution
Aliyev was quickly appointed the new Kazakh ambassador to Austria on February 9, 2007 as a polite way to get him out of the country. While in Austria, Aliyev announced his candidacy for the upcoming Kazakhstan elections and criticized the sitting Kazakh President, Nursultan Nazarbayev. A full domestic Kazakh investigation began in May 2007 into Aliyev’s activities. His diplomatic passport was cancelled, as was his diplomatic immunity. Kazakhstan filed its first extradition request at this time. The domestic Kazakh investigation concluded January 2008 and Kazakh courts sentenced Aliyev to 20 years of imprisonment in absentia. His crimes were kidnapping, treason and plotting a coup d'état against his father-in-law Nursultan Nazarbayev.
Their second request for extradition in 2011 was also rejected, as Austria feared Kazak political persecution of Aliyev. They did however open their own investigation into Aliyev's dealings.
January 2013, Aliyev claimed Kazakhstan was politically persecuting him because he rejected the political system. Viennese supreme court excluded political underpinnings as a reason for persecution, which helped to greatly legitimize legal action brought against him.
Other crimes
Rakhat Aliyev (Shoraz) is also suspected of the murder of opposition leader and former Kazak ambassador to Russia Mr Sarsenbayev in early 2006, a complex embezzlement scheme stretching from Germany to Malta and Nevis, torturing two Kazak bodyguards in 2001, and the death of his girlfriend Anastasiya Novikova in 2004.
References
Further reading
JusticeForNovikova.com
RakhatAliyev.com
Anastasiya Novikova's Story
en.tagdyr.net/
Kidnappings in Kazakhstan
Murder in Kazakhstan
Ambassadors of Kazakhstan to Austria
Kazakhstani expatriates in Austria
Torture
Extortion
2007 crimes in Kazakhstan
2000s murders in Kazakhstan
2007 murders in Asia
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45589384
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudokamikiria%20klapperichi
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Pseudokamikiria klapperichi
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Pseudokamikiria klapperichi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the sole member of the genus Pseudokamikiria. It was described by Tippmann in 1955. It is known from China.
References
Apomecynini
Beetles described in 1955
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3852055
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FFVS%20J%2022
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FFVS J 22
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The FFVS J 22 was a Swedish single-engine fighter aircraft developed for the Swedish Air Force during World War II.
Development
At the onset of World War II, the Swedish Air Force (Flygvapnet) was equipped with largely obsolete Gloster Gladiator (J 8) biplane fighters. To augment this, Sweden ordered 120 Seversky P-35 (J 9) and 144 P-66 Vanguard (J 10) aircraft from the United States. However, on 18 June 1940 after the German occupation of Norway, the United States declared an embargo against exporting weapons to any nation other than Great Britain. As the result, Flygvapnet suddenly faced a shortage of modern fighters. Several other foreign alternatives were considered: the Finnish VL Myrsky and Soviet Polikarpov I-16 were unsatisfactory, and while the Mitsubishi A6M or Aichi D3A was available, delivery from Japan was impractical. A batch of Fiat CR.42 Falco (J 11) biplanes and Reggiane Re.2000 Falco (J 20) were eventually purchased but this was clearly an interim solution.
With Flygvapnet facing a serious shortage of aircraft and Saab running at full capacity building its single-engine Saab 17 and twin-engined Saab 18 bombers, a new firm and factory were established specifically for the new fighter — Kungliga Flygförvaltningens Flygverkstad i Stockholm ("Royal Air Administration Aircraft Factory in Stockholm", FFVS) under Bo Lundberg. The aircraft, designated J 22, was a monoplane with a plywood-covered steel airframe. Wing and fuselage layout were conventional, with the narrow-track main landing gear retracting rearward entirely within the fuselage. Power came from a Swedish copy of the Pratt & Whitney R-1830 Twin Wasp, manufactured without a license at the time, though license fees were paid later (a symbolic US$1).
The J 22 first flew on 20 September 1942 from Bromma airport, where the factory was located. It entered service in October 1943, at the F9 air wing at Gothenburg, with the last of the 198 aircraft delivered in April 1946. Sub-assemblies for the J 22 were made by over 500 different contractors.
Operational history
The J 22 was well liked by its pilots and possessed good manoeuvrability and responsive controls. Forward visibility on the ground left something to be desired and if the tailwheel was left unlocked and able to swivel during take-off there was the potential to ground-loop. In mock dogfights with P-51 Mustangs (called J 26 in Swedish service) it was able to "hold its own" up to 5,000 metres (16,000 ft) although, above 6,000 m (19,000 ft), without a good high altitude supercharger, it became sluggish. J 22 pilot Ove Müller-Hansen: "This was one of the finest aircraft that I have ever flown. The responsiveness of the controls and overall handling was exceptionally nice. It was not a high altitude fighter but up to about 5000 m (16,000 ft) it could hold its own very well. We flew mock dog fights with P-51 Mustangs and they could not catch us below 4000 m (13,000 ft) but if the fight was higher than that we had to be very careful. At altitudes above 6000 m (19,500 ft) it was getting sluggish and at 9000 m (29,000 ft) it was not much power left. Stalls in turns and straight forward were usually not a problem. If you pulled really hard in turn it would sometime flip over on its back. The first version, the 22-A, did not have much fire power, but the 22-B was better." Because of its simple systems the J 22 was very easy to maintain and service.
With 575 km/h (360 mph) from a 795 kW (1,065 hp) engine, the press called the diminutive fighter "World's fastest in relation to the engine power" (while not absolutely true, it was in the same class as the early marks of Supermarine Spitfire and Zero). The J 22 crews promptly modified this to "World's fastest in relation to the track width" (for which the Spitfire might also have competed), because of the very narrow wheel track. The aircraft was retired in 1952.
Variants
J 22-1 or J 22A
Originally called J 22 UBv "Ursprunglig Beväpning" (original armament). First production version, 2x 8 mm and 2x 13.2 mm machineguns, 141 built.
J 22-2 or J 22B
Originally called J 22 FBv "Förbättrad Beväpning" (improved armament). Armed with 4x 13.2 mm machine guns, 57 built.
S 22-3 or S 22
Nine J 22-1 equipped for reconnaissance in 1946, restored to fighters in 1947. Used a spaningskamera Ska4 (recce camera Ska4) in the tail.
Operators
Sweden
Swedish Air Force
Surviving aircraft
Three examples of the J 22 are preserved externally complete looking. Two are owned by the Swedish air force museum and one of them is on static display there with the other one being located at a nearby veteran airfield where it is able to taxi around by its own power. The third one is owned by Svedinoes bil- och flygmuseum but is currently in France being borrowed by a plane restoration company named Memorial flight so they can restore it to flying condition. Two more J 22 survive but are much less complete, and are for the most part just metal skeletons. One is owned by the Swedish air force museum with the other one being owned privately. They are planned to be combined with each other and restored to flying condition.
The aircraft in the heading photograph is in the markings of Östgöta Wing (F 3), code 'L' and is displayed in the Flygvapenmuseum at Malmen near Linköping.
Specifications (J 22A)
See also
References
Notes
Bibliography
Andersson, Hans G. SAAB Aircraft since 1937; 2nd revised edition. London: Putnam Aeronautical books, 1997. (Note: Although dedicated to SAAB aircraft, this book has a chapter on the FFVS J 22.)
Angelucci, Enzo. The Rand McNally Encyclopedia of Military Aircraft, 1914–1980. San Diego, California: The Military Press, 1983. .
Donald, D, Lake J. (eds.) (1996) Encyclopedia of World Military Aircraft. AIRtime Publishing.
External links
IPMS Stockholm's J22 "walkaround" photo series
J-22 history, technical data, fighter comparisons, colours and markings Retrieved: 23 June 2008
1940s Swedish fighter aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1942
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38277494
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter%20Bosse
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Walter Bosse
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Walter Bosse (November 13, 1904 – December 13, 1979) was a Viennese artist, designer, ceramist, potter, metalworker, and craftsman noted for his modernist bronze animal figurines and grotesques.
Early life
Walter Bosse, born November 13, 1904, in Vienna, was the son of artists Luise and Julius Bosse. His father worked as a portrait painter at the imperial court.
Walter Bosse attended the Wiener Kunstgewerbeschule, now the University of Applied Arts Vienna, from 1918 to 1921, where he studied ceramics under Michael Powolny, and ornament under Franz Cižek. He then attended the Munich School of Applied Arts (Münchner Kunstgewerbeschule). During his schooling he was given the opportunity to sell his work at the Wiener Werkstätte by Josef Hoffmann, who became a mentor to Bosse. Bosse opened his own shop in Kufstein in 1923.
Career
Bosse's work grew in popularity and a number of his pieces were shown at the International Exposition of Modern Industrial and Decorative Arts in 1925. He started designing for Augarten Porcelain Works (1924) as well as Goldscheider (1926) and Metzler and Ortloff (1927). In 1931, to meet increasing demand (especially in America), Bosse opened up a bigger shop in Kufstein, but by 1933 he started to feel the effects of the economic depression. By 1937, the Kufstein works were closed.
In 1938, now divorced, Bosse moved back to Vienna, where he founded Bosse Ceramics (Bosse-Keramik), which expanded under the new name “Terra” to include glass, toys, textiles. and a variety of craft items for the gift market. In the late 1940s, Bosse began experimenting with brass by giving his ceramic figures a metal coating to protect them from breakage.
He formed a partnership with Herta Baller, whose company (the Herta Baller Company) manufactured and marketed the brass figurines, this collaboration was called the Bosse/Baller company. In the early 1950s, Bosse and Baller began exploring a new style of brass called the “Black Gold Line” or "Black Golden Line" of brass figurines. He transitioned all of his efforts to brass and the figures became popular worldwide. Despite Bosse's success with his brass figures, it was still a difficult time for him financially. In 1953, partly fleeing from financial troubles, he moved to Iserlohn, Germany where he set up a new shop and continued production. In Vienna, the Herta Baller Company continued to make and sell Bosse's designs. Bosse also collaborated with Karlsruhe State Majolika Works on a number of pottery animal figures.
In 1958, he designed for Achatit Schirmer in Cologne. Bosse also turned his efforts to small, everyday items such as letter openers, keyrings, corkscrews, and pencil holders, all of which bear the distinctive "black and gold" look.
Death and legacy
A number of Bosse's designs began to gain widespread popularity internationally, particularly his brass hedgehog ashtrays and hand-shaped bowls. But the designs' success led to forgeries popping up worldwide. His hedgehog ashtrays were reproduced by many forgers in various countries and with varying degrees of precision. To protect his designs, he engaged in court battles which would last the rest of his life and deplete most of his money. Because of these cases, he is considered to be a seminal figure relating to modern copyright law for designer goods.
The last years of Bosse's life saw him devoting much of his time and money to his legal disputes and on December 13, 1979, Bosse died with no money to his name in Iserlohn, Germany. His oeuvre consists of about 8,000 models and designs, of which about 3,000 are ceramics.
Literature
References
External links
Augarten Artists: Walter Bosse
Vienna District Museum
Bosse-Art, creators of modern-day reproductions of Walter Bosse's figurines using the original molds
Artists from Vienna
People from Iserlohn
Austrian emigrants to Germany
1904 births
1979 deaths
Austrian ceramicists
Austrian designers
Copyright activists
Modernist designers
20th-century ceramists
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33546417
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Da%C4%9Fp%C4%B1nar
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Dağpınar
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Dağpınar is a belde (town) in Digor district of Kars Province, Turkey at . It is situated on a high plateau between Kars and Digor. The distance to Digor is and to Kars is . The population of Dağpınar is 3285 as of 2010.
References
Populated places in Kars Province
Towns in Turkey
Digor District
Kurdish settlements in Turkey
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41680432
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig%20Woltmann
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Ludwig Woltmann
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Ludwig Woltmann (born 18 February 1871 in Solingen; died 30 January 1907) was a German anthropologist, zoologist and neo-Kantian.
He studied medicine and philosophy, and obtained doctorates in the two fields from the University of Freiburg in 1896.
Ludwig Woltmann falls in the spiritual and ideological history of the 20th century with the racial theorists Arthur de Gobineau and Houston Stewart Chamberlain, in particular in terms of his racial theoretical thought. In his book Die Germanen und die Renaissance in Italien (1905), he argued that the emergence of the Renaissance in Italy was led not by the descendants of the Romans, but by the Germanic tribes who had subdued Italy during the Middle Ages. His ideas were mainly published by the journal Political-Anthropological Review (1902–1907) and in the book Political Anthropology written in 1903. This and two other of his books were published in a 1936 Otto Reche anthology.
Publications
1898: System of moral consciousness, with a special presentation of the ratio of the critical philosophy to Darwinism and Socialism
1899: The Darwinian theory and socialism. A contribution to the natural history of human society
1900: Historical materialism. Presentation and critique of the Marxist world outlook
1900: Pilgrimage. Sketches from Palestine
1901: The position of social democracy to religion
1903: Political Anthropology. A study on the influence of the theory of evolution on the doctrine of the political development of peoples
1903: Are the Goths under assumed in Italy?
1904: Racial psychology and cultural history
1904: The physical type of Immanuel Kant
1905: The Germans and the Renaissance in Italy
1905: Marxism and race theory
1905: Recent literature on racial theory
1906 : For the German question in the Italian Renaissance
1906: The Germans in Spain
1907: The Germans in France. A study on the influence of the Germanic race on the history and culture of France
1908: Klemm and Gobineau
1924: Youth poems
Literature
Wolfhard Hammer, The Life and Work of the Physician and Social Anthropologist Ludwig Woltmann. Univ. Diss, Mainz 1979.
Jürgen Mixing, The Political Philosophy of Ludwig Woltmann. In the Field of Tension between Kantianism's Historical Materialism and Social Darwinism, Bonn 1975
Sebastian Pella, The Social Darwinism-bred Theoretical Thinking in Ludwig Woltmann's Artwork, Political Anthropology, Bottrop 2009.
References
External links
1871 births
1907 deaths
19th-century anthropologists
20th-century anthropologists
German anthropologists
19th-century German zoologists
People from Solingen
Scientific racism
University of Freiburg alumni
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6182293
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acer%20glabrum
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Acer glabrum
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Acer glabrum is a species of maple native to western North America, from southeastern Alaska, British Columbia and western Alberta, east to western Nebraska, and south through Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana and Colorado to California, Arizona and New Mexico.
Description
Acer glabrum is a small tree growing to tall, with a trunk up to diameter. The leaves are broad, three-lobed (rarely five-lobed), variable in the depth of lobing, occasionally so deeply lobed as to be divided into three leaflets; the lobes have an acute apex and a coarsely serrated margin. The flowers are produced in corymbs of five to ten, yellowish-green, at the same time as the new leaves in spring. The fruit is a samara or winged seed. These develop in pairs at an angle of less than 45° when mature.
Varieties
There are four to six varieties, some of them treated by some authors at the higher rank of subspecies:
Acer glabrum var. glabrum (syn. subsp. glabrum; Rocky Mountain maple)– Rocky Mountains, Montana to New Mexico
Acer glabrum var. diffusum (Greene) Smiley (syn. subsp. diffusum (Greene) A.E.Murray; Rocky Mountain maple) – eastern California, Nevada, Utah
Acer glabrum var. douglasii (Hook.) Dippel (syn. subsp. douglasii (Hook.) Wesm.; Douglas maple) – Alaska south to Washington and Idaho
Acer glabrum var. greenei Keller (Greene's maple) – endemic-central California
Acer glabrum var. neomexicanum (Greene) Kearney & Peebles (syn. subsp. neomexicanum (Greene) A.E.Murray; New Mexico maple) – New Mexico
Acer glabrum var. torreyi (Greene) Smiley (syn. subsp. torreyi (Greene) A.E.Murray; Torrey maple) – endemic-Northern California
Ecology
Acer glabrum is plentiful in many parts of the Rocky Mountains, often growing with Ponderosa Pine, Douglas-fir, and Quaking Aspen.
Uses
The foliage is browsed by game animals, cattles, and sheep.
Some Plateau Indian tribes drink an infusion of Douglas maple as a treatment for diarrhea. Ramah Navajo use an infusion of the glabrum variety for swellings, and also as a "life medicine", or panacea.
References
Further reading
glabrum
Trees of the Western United States
Trees of Western Canada
Plants described in 1827
Plants used in traditional Native American medicine
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66830593
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arudasht%20Lar%20Castle
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Arudasht Lar Castle
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Arudasht Lar castle () is a historical castle located in Amol County in Mazandaran Province, The longevity of this fortress dates back to the Historical periods after Islam.
References
Castles in Iran
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10507264
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ayyam%20%28Ramallah%29
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Al-Ayyam (Ramallah)
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Al Ayyam (in Arabic الأيام meaning The Days) is an Arabic language newspaper, based in Ramallah, Palestine.
History and profile
Al Ayyam was established in 1995, and it is the second-largest circulation daily newspaper in Palestine. Although it is an independent publication, it is considered to be a pro-government and pro-Fatah paper.
Its editor-in-chief is Akram Haniyya.
References
External links
Official website
Newspapers published in the State of Palestine
Arabic-language newspapers
Publications established in 1995
Mass media in Ramallah
1995 establishments in the Palestinian territories
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SX%20%28band%29
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SX (band)
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SX is a Belgian aetheric indie pop group from Kortrijk, Belgium. The band was founded in the spring of 2009 by Benjamin Desmet (keyboard, guitar) and Stefanie Callebaut (voice, keyboard).
With Mister Lion the group won the Road2Fame-challenge of TV channel TMF in June 2009. Three months later, the group won the public's prize during the final of talent show Westtalent. As radio channel Studio Brussel provided them both the Vi.be On Air-award and their attention, SX broke through in January 2011 with the record 'Black Video'. The video clip received positive criticism as well. On 26 May 2011 SX recorded three tracks (Black Video, Stop and Graffiti) in the Toots-Studio in Brussels. These tracks were broadcast in the Studio Brussel program Select and can still be heard at the Studio Brussel website. In 2011, the group went on tour through Germany, Netherlands and the United Kingdom. The group's debut album, Arche, was released in 2012. The follow-up, Alphabet, was released in 2016.
Name
Multiple interpretations are possible for the short name "SX". The technological tone of the term, the futuristic scope of the name and the referral to sex are a couple of examples singer Stefanie Callebaut gave during interviews.
Discography
Albums
Singles
References
External links
Belgian musical groups
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol%20service
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Carol service
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Most churches in the United Kingdom and Ireland hold carol services in the weeks leading up to Christmas. The service usually consists of hymns about Christmas and readings from the gospels telling the Christmas story. Many candles are lit around the church and sometimes the congregation hold candles to see by.
A carol service is the name for a Christmas church service. In schools, services are held in the last week of the term. They are often held in a local church or cathedral with parents attending. A nativity play is often performed at carol services for primary schools, the birth of Jesus is usually told through readings from the Bible in schools for older children. Christmas carols are sung by the students, who practice for the event during classes in December.
A traditional form of carol service (although not used by everyone) is Nine Lessons and Carols.
Advent music
British music
Christmas in the United Kingdom
Christmas music
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2234774
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9%20Mar%C3%ADa%20Lemus
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José María Lemus
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Lieutenant Colonel José María Lemus López (22 July 1911 – 31 March 1993) was president of El Salvador from 14 September 1956 to 26 October 1960. Before becoming a president, he served as an undersecretary of defense and a minister of the interior.
Life and career
He was born into a family of humble beginnings in La Unión, El Salvador. He was undersecretary of defense from 1948-1949. As President Óscar Osorio's choice for the successor to presidency, he antagonized many by fighting against corruption. Having won the disputed election of 1956, he appointed prominent civilians into his government and allowed many exiles to return the country.
He was a member of the Party of Democratic Unification. He continued socio-economic reforms of his predecessor, but there was no improvement in the living standards of the working class. He promulgated the Tenant Law, which protects the rights of the renters of houses or "Mesones, called also Vecindades" (humble apartment units with shared bathrooms). The law stipulating that landlords cannot increase the rent more than 10% every year made rent contract in houses obligatory with the objective of protecting the renter.
His government repealed the anti-sedition laws, therefore antagonizing the military. His government's decision to control the production of coffee infuriated the public. Soon after the Cuban revolution, there were widespread student protests. There was a subsequent roundup of dissidents and protesters.
Overthrow and death
Following these uncertainties, he was overthrown in a bloodless coup and a new, short-lived Junta government was formed consisting of three military (Miguel Ángel Castillo, César Yanes Urías, Rubén Alonso Rosales) and three civilian (Ricardo Falla Cáceres, Fabio Castillo Figueroa, Rene Fortín Magaña.)
After his exile, he lived in New York City until his death in San Jose, Costa Rica. He died of Hodgkin's lymphoma, leaving behind a wife and eight children.
References
Presidents of El Salvador
Leaders ousted by a coup
1993 deaths
1911 births
Salvadoran military personnel
Grand Crosses Special Class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Revolutionary Party of Democratic Unification politicians
Interior ministers of El Salvador
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3197784
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chopok
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Chopok
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Chopok (2,024 m) is the third highest peak of the Low Tatra range (just after the neighboring Ďumbier and Štiavnica mountains) in central Slovakia. The peak offers a panoramatic view of High Tatra, Liptov and the valley of Hron. There is a chalet (called Kamenná chata) located near the summit.
Access
Chopok is situated on the E8 European walking route, between the Ďumbier and Dereše peaks. In addition to this east–west trail, the mountain can be also reached following the hiking trails either from the north (from the Demänovská Dolina valley) or from the south (from the bus stops Trangoška and Srdiečko). The highest points accessible by a chair lift are Chopok úboč (1834 m) on the northern slope and Kosodrevina (1494 m) on the southern slope.
Climate
The average temperature is -1 °C (30 °F), with the highest temperature recorded 18 °C (66 °F) and the lowest recorded temperature -27 °C (-18 °F). The average temperature in January is -8 °C (17 °F) and in July 6 °C (44 °F). Chopok is the windiest place with a weather station in Slovakia.
Skiing
The northern and southern slopes rank among the best skiing terrains in Slovakia. There are three ski areas on the northern slope, with 21 km of prepared skiing tracks, two cable cars, five chair lifts, and ten ski lifts. The southern slope has chair lift and six ski lifts. The mountain is popular among freeskiers. In addition, the Jasná ski center is situated at Chopok's northern base and the Srdiečko and Tále ski resorts at the southern base.
References
External links
Weather forecast for Chopok
Mountains of Slovakia
Mountains of the Western Carpathians
Ski areas and resorts in Slovakia
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44257407
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrausta%20illiberalis
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Pyrausta illiberalis
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Pyrausta illiberalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Jacob Hübner in 1823. It is found in Suriname.
References
Moths described in 1823
illiberalis
Moths of South America
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5135901
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth%20Linn
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Ruth Linn
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Ruth Linn is a professor in the Department of Counseling and Human Development at the University of Haifa. Specializing in moral psychology, she has focused on moral disobedience, including resistance to authority.
Linn is the author of five books, including Not Shooting and Not Crying: Psychological Inquiry into Moral Disobedience (1989); Conscience at War: the Israeli Soldier as a Moral Critic (1996); and Escaping Auschwitz: A Culture of Forgetting (2004).
Education
Born in Israel, Linn attended the Hebrew Reali School in Haifa, after which she was conscripted, in 1968 aged 18, into the Israel Defence Forces. She obtained her doctorate in education (EdD) from Boston University in 1981.
Career
Positions held
Linn taught in the Faculty of Education at the University of Haifa from 1982, and from 2001 to 2006 served as its dean. She has held visiting scholarships at Harvard University, the University of Maryland, the University of British Columbia, and the National Institute of Mental Health.
Auschwitz research
In 1998, Linn arranged for the University of Haifa to award an honorary doctorate to Rudolf Vrba, who escaped from the Auschwitz concentration camp in April 1944, in recognition of his escape and his contribution to Holocaust education. She also arranged for the University of Haifa Press to publish Vrba's memoirs and the Vrba–Wetzler report in Hebrew. Linn subsequently wrote Escaping Auschwitz (2004), a book about Vrba.
Awards
Linn was awarded the Erikson Award by the International Society of Political Psychology in 1990 for her work on Israeli soldiers and conscientious objection.
Personal life
Linn is married with three children.
Selected works
(1989).
(1996).
(2002).
(2004).
(2004). "Voice, silence and memory after Auschwitz". In Lentin, R. (ed.). Representing the Shoah for the 21st Century. Oxford and New York: Berghahn Books.
(2008). "Between the 'Known' and the 'Could be Known': The case of the escape from Auschwitz". In Christina Guenther and Beth Griech-Polelle (eds.). Trajectories of Memory: Intergenerational Representations of the Holocaust in History and the Arts. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 15–40.
(2011). "Rudolf Vrba and the Auschwitz reports: Conflicting historical interpretations". In Randolph L. Braham and W. J. vanden Heuvel (eds.). The Auschwitz Reports and the Holocaust in Hungary. New York: Columbia University Press, 153–210.
(2016) with Esther Dror. איך קרה ששרדת. (How Did You Survive). Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publications (Hebrew).
References
External links
"Prof. Ruth Linn". University of Haifa.
"'Yom Kippur War – 40 Years Later'. Conference: Dr. Ruth Linn". Institute of Israel Studies, 22 November 2013.
1950 births
Boston University School of Education alumni
Hebrew Reali School alumni
Israeli non-fiction writers
Israeli women academics
Living people
Moral psychologists
University of Haifa faculty
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41381981
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comibaena%20cheramota
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Comibaena cheramota
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Comibaena cheramota is a moth of the family Geometridae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1886. It is found on Fiji.
References
"Comibaena cheramota Meyrick". Insecta.pro. Retrieved April 18, 2019.
Moths described in 1886
Geometrinae
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59189649
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khvoyny%2C%20Amur%20Oblast
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Khvoyny, Amur Oblast
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Khvoyny () is a rural locality (a settlement) in Khvoynensky Selsoviet of Zeysky District, Amur Oblast, Russia. The population was 225 as of 2018. There are 11 streets.
Geography
Khvoyny is located on the west bank of the Zeya Reservoir, 347 km northeast of Zeya (the district's administrative centre) by road. Im. Generala Milko is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Zeysky District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages%20of%20Israel
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Languages of Israel
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The Israeli population is linguistically and culturally diverse. Hebrew is the country's official language, and almost the entire population speaks it either as native speakers or proficiently as a second language. Its standard form, known as Modern Hebrew, is the main medium of life in Israel. Arabic is used mainly by Israel's Arab minority which comprises about one-fifth of the population. Arabic has a special status under Israeli law.
Russian is spoken by about 20% of the Israeli population, mainly by the large immigrant population from the former Soviet Union, and English is a known foreign language by a significant proportion of the Israeli population as English is used widely in official logos and road signs alongside Hebrew and Arabic. In addition, the 19th edition of Ethnologue lists 36 languages and dialects spoken through Israel.
According to a 2011 Government Social Survey of Israelis over 20 years of age, 49% report Hebrew as their native language, Arabic 18%, Russian 15%, Yiddish 2%, French 2%, English 2%, 1.6% Spanish, and 10% other languages (including Romanian, German and Amharic, which were not offered as answers by the survey). This study also noted that 90% of Israeli Jews and over 60% of Israeli Arabs have a good understanding of Hebrew.
History
Several laws determine the official status of languages and language policy in Israel. This confusing situation has led to several appeals to the Supreme Court, whose rulings have enforced the current policies of national and local authorities.
On 19 July 2018, the Knesset passed a basic law under the title Israel as the Nation-State of the Jewish People, which defines Hebrew as "the State's language" and Arabic as a language with "a special status in the State" (article 4). The law further says that it should not be interpreted as compromising the status of the Arabic language in practice prior to the enactment of the basic law, namely, it preserves the status quo and changes the status of Hebrew and Arabic only nominally.
Before the enactment of the aforementioned basic law, the status of official language in Israel was determined by the 82nd paragraph of the Constitution of Mandatory Palestine, which was promulgated by an Order in Council of the British Crown on 14 August 1922, as amended in 1939:
"All Ordinances, official notices and official forms of the Government and all official notices of local authorities and municipalities in areas to be prescribed by order of the High Commissioner, shall be published in English, Arabic and Hebrew."
This law, like most other laws of the British Mandate, was adopted in the State of Israel, subject to certain amendments published by the Provisional State Council on 19 May 1948. The amendment states that:
"Any provision in the law requiring the use of the English language is repealed."
Apart from Hebrew, Arabic and English, the use of Russian dramatically increased with massive arrivals of Jewish immigrants from the Soviet Union. Today, Russian TV channels and media are widely available alongside Hebrew and Arabic media.
Initially French was used as a diplomatic language in Israel, and was also used alongside Hebrew on official documents such as passports until the 1990s, even though most state officials and civil servants were more fluent in English. However, the Israeli-French alliance unraveled in the runup to the 1967 Six-Day War, leading to decreased use of French. Israeli passports switched from French to English during the 1990s.
Official language
Hebrew
The British Mandate articles, issued by the Council of the League of Nations in 1922, and the 1922 Palestine Order in Council were the first in modern times to acknowledge Hebrew as an official language of a political entity. This was a significant achievement for the Zionist movement, which sought to establish Hebrew as the national language of the Jewish people and discouraged the use of other Jewish languages, particularly Yiddish, just like Aramaic replaced Hebrew in ancient times.
The movement for the revival of Hebrew as a spoken language was particularly popular among new Jewish Zionist immigrants who came to Ottoman ruled Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem beginning in the 1880s. Eliezer Ben-Yehuda (born in the Russian Empire) and his followers created the first Hebrew-speaking schools, newspapers, and other Hebrew-language institutions. As Max Weinreich notes in his book, "History of the Yiddish Language, Volume 1", the "very making of Hebrew into a spoken language derives from the will to separate from the Diaspora". After Ben Yehuda's immigration to Israel, and due to the impetus of the Second Aliyah (1905–1914), Hebrew prevailed as the single official and spoken language of the Jewish community of Mandatory Palestine. When the State of Israel was formed in 1948, the government viewed Hebrew as the de facto official language and initiated a melting pot policy, where every immigrant was required to study Hebrew and often to adopt a Hebrew surname. Use of Yiddish, which was the main competitor prior to World War II, was discouraged, and the number of Yiddish speakers declined as the older generations died out. However, Yiddish is still often used in Ashkenazi Haredi communities worldwide, and is sometimes the first language for the members of the Hasidic branches of such communities.
Today, Hebrew is the official language used in government, commerce, court sessions, schools, and universities. It is the language most commonly used in everyday life in Israel. Native Hebrew speakers comprise about 53% of the population. The vast majority of the rest speak Hebrew fluently as a second language. Native-born Israeli Jews are typically native speakers of Hebrew, but a significant minority of Israelis are immigrants who learned Hebrew as a second language. Immigrants who come under the Law of Return are entitled to a free course in an ulpan, or Hebrew language school. Most of them speak fluent Hebrew, but some do not. Most Israeli-Arabs, who comprise a large national minority, and members of other minorities are also fluent in Hebrew. Historically, Hebrew was taught in Arab schools from the third grade onward, but it has been gradually introduced from kindergarten onward starting in September 2015. A Hebrew exam is an essential part of the matriculation exams for students of Israeli schools. The state-affiliated Academy of the Hebrew Language, established in 1953 by a Knesset law, is tasked with researching the Hebrew language and offering standardized rules for the use of the language by the state.
A survey by the Central Bureau of Statistics released in 2013 found that 90% of Israeli Jews were proficient in Hebrew and 70% were highly proficient. It also found that 60% of Israeli Arabs were proficient or highly proficient in Hebrew, while 17% could not read it and 12% could not speak it.
Other languages
Arabic
Literary Arabic, along with Hebrew, has special status under Israeli law. Various spoken dialects are used, and Arabic is the native language among Israeli-Arabs. In 1949, there were 156,000 Arabs in Israel, most of whom did not speak Hebrew. Today, the figure stands at about 1.6 million, and although most are proficient in Hebrew, Arabic remains their primary native language.
In addition, a significant number of Israeli Jews know spoken Arabic, although only a very small number are fully literate in written Arabic. Arabic is the native language of those older generations of Mizrahi Jews who immigrated from Arabic-speaking countries. Arabic lessons are widespread in Hebrew-speaking schools from the seventh through ninth grades. Those who wish to do so may opt to continue their Arabic studies through the twelfth grade and take an Arabic matriculation exam. A 2015 study found that 17% of Israeli Jews can understand Arabic and 10% can speak it fluently, but only 2.5% can read an article in the language, 1.5% can write a letter in it, and 1% can read a book in it.
For many years the Israeli authorities were reluctant to use Arabic, except when explicitly ordered by law (for example, in warnings on dangerous chemicals), or when addressing the Arabic-speaking population. This has changed following a November 2000 supreme court ruling which ruled that although second to Hebrew, the use of Arabic should be much more extensive. Since then, all road signs, food labels, and messages published or posted by the government must also be translated into Literary Arabic, unless being issued by the local authority of an exclusively Hebrew-speaking community. As of December 2017, 40% of digital panels on public buses list their routes in both Hebrew and Arabic across the country, and, starting in 2015, Arabic has been increasingly featured in signs along highways and in railway stations.
Arabic was always considered a legitimate language for use in the Knesset alongside Hebrew, but only rarely have Arabic-speaking Knesset members made use of this privilege as while all Arabic-speaking MKs are fluent in Hebrew, fewer Hebrew-speaking MKs can understand Arabic.
In March 2007, the Knesset approved a new law calling for the establishment of an Arabic Language Academy similar to the Academy of the Hebrew Language. This institute was established in 2008, its centre is in Haifa and it is currently headed by Prof. Mahmud Ghanayem.
In 2008, a group of Knesset members proposed a bill to remove Arabic's status as an official language, making it an "official secondary language". That bill did not pass.
In 2009, Israel Katz, the transport minister, suggested that signs on all major roads in Israel, East Jerusalem and possibly parts of the West Bank would be amended, replacing English and Arabic place names with straight transliterations of the Hebrew name. Currently most road signs are in all three languages. Nazareth, for example, would become "Natzeret". The Transport Ministry said signs would be replaced gradually as necessary due to wear and tear. This has been criticized as an attempt to erase the Arabic language and Palestinian heritage in Israel. Israel's governmental names' committee unanimously rejected that suggestion in 2011.
Russian
Russian is by far the most widely spoken non-official language in Israel. Over 20% of Israelis are fluent in Russian after mass Jewish immigration from the USSR (Russian Jews in Israel) and its successor states in the 1970s, 1990s, and 2000s. The government and businesses often provide both written and verbal information in Russian. There is also an Israeli television broadcast channel in Russian. In addition, some Israeli schools also offer Russian language courses. The children of Russian immigrants to Israel generally pick up Hebrew as their dominant language, but most still speak Russian, and a majority still use Russian instead of Hebrew with family and Russian-speaking friends. As of 2017 there are up to 1.5 million Russian-speaking Israelis.
Most Jewish immigrants from the Soviet Union were highly educated with almost 45 percent of them having some kind of higher education. Despite the fact that the native language of a significant part of the country's population is Russian, the language occupies a modest role in Israel's education system. Hebrew University started teaching Russian in 1962. In public schools, the first Russian-language classes were opened in the 1970s in large cities. The number of students enrolled in these programs dropped in the 1980s as immigration from the Soviet Union slowed down. In the 1990s, a Russian-language program carried out by local governments called Na'leh 16 included some 1,500 students. In 1997, about 120 schools in Israel taught Russian in one way or another.
Traditionally, Russian speakers read newspapers and listen to radio more often than Hebrew speakers. Nasha strana was the major Russian-newspaper in Israel during the 1970s, when it competed with Tribuna for the immigrant reader. In 1989, there was only one daily in Russian, and 6 in 1996. Since the 2000s, the number of Russian-language newspapers started to decline due to the increasing number of television and online media. Israeli television provides daily translation in Hebrew, Arabic, and Russian. In 2002, the Israeli Russian-speaking commercial Channel 9 was launched. It is also known as Israel Plus. In November 2007, a typical digital package included 45 channels in foreign languages, with 5 in Russian. At 2004 there were four dailies, 11 weeklies, five monthlies and over 50 local newspapers published in Russian in Israel, with a total circulation of about 250,000 during weekends. Daily radio services in Russian are also available throughout Israel.
Yiddish
Yiddish has been traditionally the language of Ashkenazi Jews in Eastern Europe and the second most widely spoken Jewish language after Hebrew. Currently it is spoken by approximately 200,000 Israelis, mostly in Hasidic communities. Yiddish is a Germanic language, but incorporates elements of Hebrew. Banned in theatres, movies and other cultural activities during Israel's early statehood, Yiddish has undergone a cultural revival in recent years. Yiddish is the primary language in some Haredi Ashkenazi communities in Israel. However, despite state-sponsored initiatives for preserving Yiddish culture, the number of Yiddish-speaking Israelis is in decline as older generations of Ashkenazi Jews die. In addition, due to greater integration of Haredim, many families in Yiddish-speaking Haredi communities have switched to using primarily Hebrew at home, which has led to these communities to launch preservation campaigns. In a 2013 survey, about 2% of Israelis over the age of 20 recorded Yiddish as their native language.
English
In 2018 the director of the Israeli Ministry of Education stated that graduates who lacked English proficiency were effectively "handicapped" in today's economy. An October 2017 report by the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics showed that 38% of Israelis ages 16 to 65 said they lacked basic English skills like speaking, reading, or writing and 13% reported that they do not know any English whatsoever. English retains a role comparable to that of an official language.
In 1999, the High Court of Justice ruled that English, Arabic and Hebrew were inherited as official languages by Israel, but that English had been removed by the Law and Administration Ordinance of 1948. The Ordinance said:
"Any provision in the law requiring the use of the English language is repealed."
In practice the use of English decreased dramatically during the state's early years. At first, French was used as a diplomatic language, even though most state officials and civil servants were more fluent in English. During the late 1960s, the Israeli-French alliance was undermined, giving way to a stronger Israeli-United States alliance and paving the way for the English language to regain much of its lost status. Today, English is the primary language for international relations and foreign exchange, but it is not sanctioned for use in Knesset debates or in drafting legislation. Some British Mandate laws are still formulated in English, and the process of their translation into Hebrew has been gradual. English is required as a second language in schools and universities, for both Hebrew and Arabic-speaking students. Despite the country's history of British mandatory rule, written English in Israel today uses primarily American spelling, punctuation, and grammar.
The usage of the language is influenced by factors related to the birthplace of the speaker or the speaker's ancestors: those who are born to American-descended parentages are more likely to speak American English as their preferred dialect of the language, Western Continental European descendants are more likely to speak with accents heavily influenced by languages such as French, German and Yiddish, and so on. A distinctively Israeli dialect of the language has been slow in development due to continued migration to Israel, large established communities of persistent speakers of languages and dialects from outside of Israel, and the state's focus upon education in Hebrew; the development of English in Israel may depend upon the future of assimilation and integration of generations of native-born Israeli citizens as well as the status of Israel's relations with English-speaking countries including the United States and Canada.
Although English does not enjoy the same status as Hebrew and Arabic do, English proficiency is a core requirement in the public education system and road signs are generally written in English after Hebrew and Arabic. English is taught in public schools from the third grade to high school, and passing an English oral and written test is a prerequisite for receiving a Bagrut (matriculation certificate). Most universities also regard a high level of English as a prerequisite for admission. Exposure to American culture has been massive in Israel since the early 1990s, and in Israel, foreign language television shows are generally presented in the original language with Hebrew subtitles rather than dubbed, which means that there is a high level of exposure to English in the media.
Most Israelis can converse in and read English on at least a basic level, and secular Israelis who are of a high social and economic status usually possess greater capabilities in English than those who are of a lower social and economic status (this is mostly due to differing levels of state-sponsored education, as well as variation in cultural exposure to the language). Israelis born from the 1980s onward generally have better English language skills than their parents and grandparents due to growing up with a higher level of exposure to the language in the media. "Proper" usage of the English language is considered a mark of good education among Israelis. In the past, several politicians, including David Levy and Amir Peretz, were mocked openly in the media and in public for their poor English skills.
Due to immigration from English-speaking countries, a small but significant minority of Israeli Jews are native English speakers. One survey found that about 2% of Israelis spoke English as their native language.
Policy towards immigrants' languages
The melting pot policy, which governed the Israel language policy in its early days, was gradually neglected during the late 1970s. While in the 1950s Israeli law banned Yiddish-language theaters and forced civil servants to adopt Hebrew surnames, the new policy allowed immigrants to communicate with the authorities in their language of origin and encouraged them to keep their original language and culture. This new practice has become evident since the early 1990s with massive immigration from the former Soviet Union and the additional immigration from Ethiopia (Ethiopian Jews in Israel). Israeli authorities began to use Russian and Amharic extensively when communicating with these new immigrants. During the 1991 Gulf War, warnings and instructions were issued in at least seven languages. In 1991, a new radio station was erected, called "REKA", which is a Hebrew acronym for "Aliyah Absorption Network". At first, it broadcast exclusively in Russian, also containing programming aimed at teaching Hebrew, which included veteran Israel radio broadcasters recapping news in "easy Hebrew"; some years later, Amharic and Tigrinya time slots were introduced. Just as news in Arabic existed on Arutz 1, news programmes appeared in Russian, Amharic and Tigrinya. Several newspapers and magazines were published in Russian and easy Hebrew with Niqqud. In the beginning of the twenty-first century, the first Russian-language TV channel was created.
Other spoken languages
Many other languages are used by large sectors of the Israeli population, including:
Romanian: It is estimated that 82,300 first generation and at least 126,200 second generation Romanian Jews lived in Israel by 2012. Additionally, it is estimated that 14,700 Romanians nationals worked in Israel as of 2010 (with or without a work permit). These figures do not include Moldovan-born Jews and Moldovan migrants, which in turn are listed as former Soviet. However, these numbers do not account for actual language speakers but only nationality, as there is no recent data on the number of Roumanophones living in Israel.
German is spoken natively by around 100,000 Israelis. During Ottoman rule and the mandate period, as well as during the first decades of Israeli statehood, German was one of the primary languages of Jews living there. In 1979 a Goethe Institute branch opened in Tel Aviv. By 2006 increasing numbers of Israelis were studying German, and at the time four Israeli schools offered German as an elective course.
Amharic: Spoken by most of Israel's 130,000 Ethiopian Jews, most of whom arrived in two massive operations transporting tens of thousands of Ethiopian Jews from Ethiopia to Israel in 1984 and 1991, Amharic is often used in government announcements and publications. Amharic is also spoken by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church.
Georgian/Judaeo-Georgian: Although most Georgian Jewish immigrants speak Russian, they converse among themselves in Georgian.
Ladino: The Sephardi Jewish language and the third most widely spoken Jewish language, Ladino is a variant of medieval Spanish, intermixed with Hebrew and with vocabulary from various other languages where Jews emigrated after being expelled from Spain. It is spoken by many Sephardi Jews. Today there is a state-supported authority for preserving the Ladino culture.
Polish: Polish was spoken by the large number of immigrants from Poland. Today, it is somewhat common in Polish moshavei ovdim (workers' settlements) created during the 1940s and 1950s. There are also several thousand Polish Jews living in Israel who immigrated after the 1968 Polish political crisis; most were born and raised in Poland, speak the language fluently amongst themselves, and have made attempts to impart the language to their children.
Ukrainian: While most Ukrainian Jews speak Russian, there is still a segment of Ukrainian speakers.
Spanish: Spanish is spoken by Jews from Argentina and other olim from other Spanish-speaking countries, as well as by some Sephardi groups. Spanish is not restricted to Sephardim, as most Argentine Jews are actually Ashkenazim. Spanish has never been part of the curriculum in Israel, and Spanish is only taught as a foreign language in universities and Instituto Cervantes. However, the popularity of soap operas from Argentina and Venezuela, broadcast in Spanish with Hebrew subtitles by Viva in the 1990s, has extended a passive understanding of the language to some of the TV viewers.
French: French is spoken by many Moroccan, Algerian, and Tunisian Jews, either as a native or second language of these francized Maghrebi Jews, French is also spoken by the increasing number of new immigrants from France and other French-speaking countries, as well as by foreign workers from French speaking Africa. Also, French is still taught in many Israeli schools and universities and due to immigration from France a small but significant 2% of Israeli Jews are native French speakers. The French embassy's Institut Français supports French studies in Israeli schools. Israel has tried to join La Francophonie, but has been rebuffed by its Arab members. Tel Aviv University is a member of the Agence universitaire de la Francophonie (AUF). Concentrations of French speakers are found in the towns of Netanya and Ashdod.
Italian/Judaeo-Italian: In addition to being spoken by Italian Jews, Italian is also spoken by many Jews from Libya (a former Italian colony) and immigrants from other former Italian colonies (Eritrea and Somalia) as a primary or second language. As a result of growing demand, Italian may be taken as an optional subject in some schools.
Hungarian: Hungarian is spoken by approximately 70,000 Hungarian Jews in Israel.
Turkish: Turkish is spoken by some of the 77,000 Turkish Jews and their families, who immigrated from Turkey in the second half of the 20th century and also by foreign workers. Many of the Turkish speakers in Israel also speak Ladino.
Persian: Persian is spoken by some of the 135,000 Iranian Jews who immigrated from Iran and their children.
Kayla and Qwara: These languages are spoken by Ethiopian Jews in addition to Amharic. Kayla appears to be extinct.
Chinese, Filipino, and Thai: While spoken by a negligible number of Israeli Jews, Chinese, Tagalog, and Thai have made inroads in Israeli society in recent years due to an influx of non-Jewish immigrants from China, the Philippines, and Thailand. It is estimated that there are 180,000 such illegal immigrants. Many (though mostly Vietnamese) legally entered the country when Israel opened their doors to "boat people" from war-torn Southeast Asia in the 1970s.
Marathi: Marathi is the language of Bene Israel – Indian Jews from the Konkan region of the state of Maharashtra in India. They migrated to Israel beginning in 1948, when the State of Israel was established. In 1977 they numbered about 20,000. Concentrations of Marathi speakers are found in the towns of Dimona and Beersheba.
Malayalam: Judeo-Malayalam is the traditional language of the Cochin Jews (also called Malabar Jews), from the state of Kerala, in South India.
Judeo-Moroccan Arabic: Judeo-Moroccan Arabic is the native language spoken by the majority of Moroccan Jews that immigrated to Israel from Morocco during the 1950s and 1960s. There is a Judeo-Moroccan Arabic radio program on Israeli radio.
Bukhori: Bukhori is spoken by the Bukharian Jews who immigrated from Central Asia.
Judeo-Tat: Judeo-Tat (also known as Juhuri) is spoken by the Mountain Jews who immigrated from Russia and Azerbaijan.
Jewish Neo-Aramaic: Jewish Neo-Aramaic language is the native language spoken by Kurdish Jews that immigrated to Israel from Iraq, Turkey, and Iran during the 1940s and 1950s.
Greek and Judeo-Greek: Greek is spoken by Greek-Orthodox church and by a number of Greek Jews and Romaniotes.
Adyghe language: spoken by the Adyghe people in two villages in the north of Israel.
Armenian: spoken by Armenians in Israel.
Sign languages
Israeli Sign Language is the main language amongst deaf Israelis. It comes from Jewish educators of the Deaf from Germany who relocated to start the first school for the deaf in Israel.
Russian Sign Language, used by the immigrant community
and several village sign languages,
Ghardaia Sign Language, AKA Algerian Jewish Sign Language
Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language
Kafr Qasem Sign Language
Arab El-Naim Sign Language (or Al-Naim)
Ein Mahel Sign Language
Abu Kaf Bedouin Sign Language
Al-Atrash Sign Language
See also
Demographics of Israel
Notes
References
External links
Languages of Israel – Ethnologue entry for Israel.
Language Policy Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
Multilingualism
bn:ইসরায়েল#ভাষা
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1381986
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean%20Japart
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Jean Japart
|
Jean Japart (fl. c. 1474 – 1481) was a Franco-Flemish composer of the Renaissance, active in Italy. He was a popular composer of chansons, and may have been a friend of Josquin des Prez.
Life and work
Nothing is known about his life except for a brief period during the late 1470s, although it is probable he was born in Picardy. He was one of the members of the famous Sforza chapel choir in Milan between 1474 and 1476, which included Alexander Agricola, Loyset Compère and Johannes Martini, the time when this institution had one of the most famous groups of singers and composers in Europe. After the assassination of Galeazzo Sforza in 1476, he left Milan, as did most of the musicians; Japart went to Ferrara where he was quickly employed by Ercole I d'Este; not only did he become one of the most highly paid singers at the Ferrarese court, but the Duke gave him a house in Ferrara. By 1481 he was gone, and there is no further record of him.
Japart was the composer of 23 chansons which are extant. A lost composition by Josquin, Revenu d'oultrements, Japart is often cited as evidence of a friendship between the two composers; if so, they probably met in Milan after 1481, since Josquin did not go to Italy until around 1484.
Stylistically, Japart's music is influenced by Busnois, one of the earlier group of Burgundian composers. He was fond of the quodlibet, the combination of several pre-existing tunes in ingenious ways, and he also wrote puzzle canons — compositions which the singers were intended to figure out from clues given in the text. For example, one of his chansons can only be performed correctly by transposing one of the parts down a twelfth and singing it in retrograde motion. (When a puzzle canon is solved correctly, the parts fit together without violation of the prevailing rules of counterpoint, which in the 15th century are described in the works of theorists such as Tinctoris.)
Japart's music was evidently popular, since many of his chansons were reprinted by Petrucci and achieved wide distribution.
References and further reading
and Jane Alden. "Japart, Jean", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (accessed January 10, 2005), grovemusic.com (subscription access).
External links
Renaissance composers
15th-century births
15th-century deaths
Male classical composers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnastics%20at%20the%202008%20Summer%20Olympics%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20balance%20beam
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Gymnastics at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's balance beam
|
Women's balance beam competition at the 2008 Summer Olympics was held on August 19 at the Beijing National Indoor Stadium.
The eight competitors (with a maximum of two per nation) with the highest scores in qualifying proceeded to the women's balance beam finals. There, each gymnast performed again; the scores from the final round (ignoring qualification) determined final ranking.
Medalists
Final
Qualified competitors
Only two gymnasts per country may advance to an event final. The following gymnasts scored high enough to qualify, but did not do so because two gymnasts from their country had already qualified ahead of them:
(4th place)
(8th place)
(9th place)
(10th place)
(11th place)
The eventual final qualifier had the 13th highest balance beam score overall during qualification.
References
Notes
Sources
Balance beam final results
Balance beam qualification results
NYT Report
Gymnastics at the 2008 Summer Olympics
2008
2008 in women's gymnastics
Women's events at the 2008 Summer Olympics
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14095785
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skrzynka%2C%20Lower%20Silesian%20Voivodeship
|
Skrzynka, Lower Silesian Voivodeship
|
Skrzynka () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lądek-Zdrój, within Kłodzko County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Prior to 1945 it was in Germany.
Typical for the region, the German name of the village derives from the name of the Lokator who brought German farmers to the village.
The village has a population of 382.
References
Skrzynka
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34909042
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabyan%20Trestle%20Bridge
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Fabyan Trestle Bridge
|
The Battle River Railway Trestle, commonly known as the Fabyan Trestle Bridge, was constructed between 1907 and December 10, 1908 west of Fabyan, Alberta, Canada at the cost of $600,000.
Overview
The steel trestle was designed by the Grand Trunk Pacific (GTP) railway as part of the company's westward construction to Edmonton. With the Battle River valley meandering west to east, a bridge had to be built in order to continue the westward trek, with its current location the most viable.
Upon completion, it was the largest railway structure in Canada until the Lethbridge Viaduct was completed in August 1909.
History
In 1907, the concrete footings of the bridge were poured. With the help of local farmers and other contractors, supplies were hauled in by wagons from Hardisty until construction began on the eastern side of the valley where supplies could be delivered by rail.
After its completion, the first train to cross over was the one being used to build it, while the first transportation train to cross was in January 1909.
When GTP was nationalized in 1923, the bridge became part of the main line of the Canadian National Railway (CN).
Specifications
Length:
Height:
Notable incidents
Construction deaths
During construction, three men died when their scow became swamped mid-stream. A cairn was later placed in their memory by their fellow workers.
2012 derailment
On 21 January 2012, at 16:17 MT, 31 of a 137-car CN train going from Winnipeg to Edmonton derailed approximately halfway across the bridge. Of the 31 cars, 17 of them carrying wheat and barley fell to the valley below. CN originally reported that all the cars were grain cars; however, requests made by a local government official revealed that dangerous goods were also being hauled, but they did not derail.
2017 derailment
On 17 October 2017, at 17:40 MT, a westbound CN train consisting of 13 cars and one engine derailed when it approached the west end of the trestle. The 13 cars fell to the valley below, with the locomotive staying on the bridge, but not on the tracks. The fallen cars supported intermodal containers (also known as shipping containers or Sea-Cans), all of which were damaged in the fall.
CN said that at the time of the derailment, the winds were in excess of 100 km/h.
As of 10 May 2021, no information can be found about this incident in the webpages of the Transportation Safety Board of Canada, or in the webpages of CN Rail.
See also
List of bridges in Canada
References
External links
Battle River Railway Trestle -MD of Wainright No. 61
Canadian National Railway bridges in Canada
Railway bridges in Alberta
Bridges completed in 1908
Viaducts in Canada
Municipal District of Wainwright No. 61
1908 establishments in Alberta
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49350668
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio%20Sarajevo%2090%2C2
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Radio Sarajevo 90,2
|
Radio Sarajevo 90,2 is a Bosnian commercial radio station, broadcasting from Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The program is currently broadcast at one frequency (Sarajevo ), estimated number of potential listeners is around 443,685. It focuses on Urban music and entertainment talk shows.
Former Radio Zid - Sarajevo (89.9 FM MHz) changed its name to current Radio Sarajevo 90,2 on 1 April 2004. The new name of the portal and the radio station reminds on the history of the former national public radio station in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1945–1992, called Radio Sarajevo. Today, its legal successor is national public broadcasting service, BHRT via BH Radio 1.
Frequencies
Sarajevo
See also
Radio Sarajevo
References
External links
Communications Regulatory Agency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
RadioSarajevo in Facebook
See also
List of radio stations in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Sarajevo
Mass media in Sarajevo
Radio stations established in 2004
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47110370
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana%20Labour%20Party
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Guyana Labour Party
|
The Guyana Labour Party (GLP) was a political party in Guyana.
History
The party was established in 1992 as a breakaway from the Guyanese Action for Reform and Democracy, holding its first meeting on 19 August. It did not run in the October 1992 elections, instead advising its supporters to vote for the People's Progressive Party.
The party did contest the 1997 general elections in an alliance with the Working People's Alliance, with the joint list winning a single seat.
References
Defunct political parties in Guyana
1992 establishments in Guyana
Political parties established in 1992
Labour parties
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21555888
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blubber%20Bay
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Blubber Bay
|
Blubber Bay is an unincorporated settlement on the northern end of Texada Island at the bay of the same name in the northern Gulf of Georgia on the South Coast of British Columbia, Canada. The ferry from Powell River docks at Blubber Bay, which sits beside quarry offices, pits and workings which stretch up the hill. The north rim of the bay has the disused workings of BC Cement Company with dock, work area, and various pits stretching out to the headland. There is a museum and archives and a small store located above the ferry landing.
Geography
Texada Island is one of the Northern Gulf Islands, and lies across Malaspina Strait from the town of Powell River, British Columbia; Georgia Strait lies along its western shores. Texada's other main community is Van Anda, on the island's east coast, which was an iron mining company town.
History
Blubber Bay was where Captain Cook first contacted the Tla'amin Nation.
Blubber Bay was a whaling station in the heyday of that industry on the British Columbia Coast, where blubber was sliced up (flensing) and rendered (try pot) from captured cetaceans.
In 1970 there were 35 families living in a small company town owned by Domtar Chemical Company, quarrying limestone for concrete manufacture.
References
Populated places in the qathet Regional District
Mining communities in British Columbia
Company towns in Canada
Unincorporated settlements in British Columbia
Texada Island
Whaling stations in Canada
Whaling in Canada
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46696669
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvin%20E.%20Christianson%20Sr.
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Marvin E. Christianson Sr.
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Marvin E. Christianson Sr. (January 12, 1928 – March 8, 1969) was an American farmer and politician.
Born in Halstad, Minnesota, Christianson graduated from Halstad High School and was a dairy farmer and cattle dealer. Christianson served in the Minnesota House of Representatives as a Democrat from 1967 until his death in 1969. Christianson died of cancer at a hospital in Minneapolis, Minnesota. His wife Donna Jean Christianson succeeded her husband in a special election to the Minnesota House of Representatives.
References
1928 births
1969 deaths
People from Norman County, Minnesota
Farmers from Minnesota
Minnesota Democrats
Members of the Minnesota House of Representatives
Deaths from cancer in Minnesota
20th-century American businesspeople
20th-century American politicians
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18109068
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold%20A.%20Terris
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Harold A. Terris
|
Harold Allison Terris (December 11, 1916 – April 22, 2001) was a military pilot, civil servant, and politician in the province of New Brunswick, Canada.
Terris was born in Hillsborough, New Brunswick in 1916. During World War II, Harold Terris served overseas as a Spitfire pilot with the Royal Canadian Air Force. After the War, he worked as a civil servant for the province of New Brunswick. In 1987 he was the successful Liberal Party candidate for the riding of Albert, defeating incumbent Malcolm MacLeod. Terris chose not to seek reelection in 1991.
He married Arleen M. Betts (1921–2008) of Doaktown, New Brunswick. The couple had a daughter, Susan, and a son, James.
References
Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick
2001 deaths
20th-century Canadian civil servants
New Brunswick Liberal Association MLAs
Canadian World War II pilots
Canadian Baptists
People from Albert County, New Brunswick
1916 births
20th-century Baptists
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26192064
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Security%20Council%20Resolution%20718
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United Nations Security Council Resolution 718
|
United Nations Security Council resolution 718, adopted unanimously on 31 October 1991, after recalling resolutions 668 (1990) and 717 (1991), and noting that at the Paris Conference, a political agreement was signed by parties to the situation in Cambodia, the Council authorised the Secretary-General to submit a report on the costs for the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia, prior to its establishment.
The Council welcomed the political agreement, which the four parties decided to create "a system of liberal democracy, on the basis of pluralism." It went on to authorise the Secretary-General to designate a special representative for Cambodia to act on his behalf, welcoming his decision to send a survey mission to the country to prepare plans for implementing the mandate agreed at the Paris Conference. The resolution also called for the co-operation of the Supreme National Council of Cambodia and all parties with the Mission regarding the implementation of the agreements in the political settlement, and for all parties to observe a ceasefire.
The Secretary-General's report was examined in Resolution 745.
See also
List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 701 to 800 (1991–1993)
Modern Cambodia
Transition of the People's Republic of Kampuchea to Cambodia
United Nations Advance Mission in Cambodia
References
External links
Text of the Resolution at undocs.org
0718
20th century in Cambodia
Political history of Cambodia
0718
October 1991 events
1991 in Cambodia
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1609942
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward-confirmed%20reverse%20DNS
|
Forward-confirmed reverse DNS
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Forward-confirmed reverse DNS (FCrDNS), also known as full-circle reverse DNS, double-reverse DNS, or iprev, is a networking parameter configuration in which a given IP address has both forward (name-to-address) and reverse (address-to-name) Domain Name System (DNS) entries that match each other. This is the standard configuration expected by the Internet standards supporting many DNS-reliant protocols. David Barr published an opinion in RFC 1912 (Informational) recommending it as best practice for DNS administrators, but there are no formal requirements for it codified within the DNS standard itself.
A FCrDNS verification can create a weak form of authentication that there is a valid relationship between the owner of a domain name and the owner of the network that has been given an IP address. While weak, this authentication is strong enough that it can be used for whitelisting purposes because spammers and phishers cannot usually by-pass this verification when they use zombie computers for email spoofing. That is, the reverse DNS might verify, but it will usually be part of another domain than the claimed domain name.
Using an ISP's mail server as a relay may solve the reverse DNS problem, because the requirement is the forward and reverse lookup for the sending relay have to match, it does not have to be related to the from-field or sending domain of messages it relays.
Other methods for establishing a relation between an IP address and a domain in email are the Sender Policy Framework (SPF) and the MX record.
ISPs that will not or cannot configure reverse DNS will generate problems for hosts on their networks, by virtue of being unable to support applications or protocols that require reverse DNS agree with the corresponding A (or AAAA) record. ISPs that cannot or will not provide reverse DNS ultimately will be limiting the ability of their client base to use Internet services they provide effectively and securely.
Applications
Most e-mail mail transfer agents (server software) use a FCrDNS verification and if there is a valid domain name, put it into the "Received:" trace header field.
Some e-mail mail transfer agents will perform FCrDNS verification on the domain name given on the SMTP HELO and EHLO commands. This can violate RFC 2821 and so e-mail is usually not rejected by default.
The Sender Policy Framework email anti-forgery system uses a FCrDNS check in its "ptr:" mechanism. However, the use of this "ptr:" mechanism is discouraged since the first standardization of SPF in 2006 (in RFC 4408).
Some e-mail spam filters use FCrDNS checks as an authentication method for domain names or for whitelisting purposes, according to RFC 8601, for example.
SpamCop uses the FCrDNS check, which sometimes causes problems for SpamCop users who are also customers of Internet service providers who do not provide properly matching DNS and rDNS records for mail servers.
Some FTP, Telnet and TCP Wrapper servers perform FCrDNS checks.
Some IRC Servers perform FCrDNS checks to prevent abuse.
References
Domain Name System
Email authentication
Internet protocols
Network protocols
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51554706
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatian%20nationalism%20%28disambiguation%29
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Croatian nationalism (disambiguation)
|
The term Croatian nationalism may refer to:
Croatian nationalism or Croat nationalism, a form of Ethnic nationalism that asserts that Croats are a nation and promotes the national unity of Croats.
Croatian nationalism, a form of Territorial nationalism that asserts that all citizens of Croatia constitute a nation and promotes the national unity of Croatia.
See also
Slavic nationalism (disambiguation)
Latin nationalism (disambiguation)
Turkic nationalism (disambiguation)
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11625640
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913%20Edmonton%20municipal%20election
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1913 Edmonton municipal election
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The 1913 municipal election was held December 8, 1913 to elect a mayor and five aldermen to sit on Edmonton City Council, trustees to sit on the public school board, and four trustees to sit on the separate school board.
There were ten aldermen on city council, but five of the positions were already filled: Hugh Calder, Joseph Driscoll, James East, Gustave May, and Harry Smith had all been elected to two-year terms in 1912 and were still in office. Each voter could cast up to five votes.
There were eight trustees on the public school board, but three of the positions were already filled: Alex Butchart, K W MacKenzie, and J J McKenzie had been elected to two-year terms in 1912. The election of five trustees in 1913 would bring the board's size to eight, an increase from seven. To keep an equal number of trustees elected each year, L D Parney was acclaimed to a one-year term.
There were seven positions on the separate board, but three of them were already filled: Wilfrid Gariépy, M J O'Farrell, and Milton Martin had been acclaimed to two-year terms in 1912, and were still in office. The election of four trustees in 1913 would bring the board's size to seven, an increase from six.
The 1913 election was the first election in Edmonton's history to see an incumbent mayor defeated. It is also the closest mayoral race in the city's history as measured by percentage of the vote, although the absolute difference in votes between candidates in the 1903 election was smaller.
Voter turnout
8916 voters cast ballots. There were 27672 eligible voters, for a voter turnout of 32.2%.
Results
bold indicates elected
italics indicate incumbent
South Side indicates representative for Edmonton's South Side, with a minimum South Side representation instituted after the city of Strathcona, south of the North Saskatchewan River, amalgamated into Edmonton on February 1, 1912.
Mayoral election
William J. McNamara - 4,376 (50.21%)
William Short - 4,340 (49.79%)
Aldermanic election
Each voter could cast up to five votes.
Joseph Clarke - 3617 (elected)
Alexander Campbell - 3559 (elected)
Rice Sheppard - 3525 (elected)
J. A. Kinney - 3319 (South Side) (elected)
Robert Douglas - 3288 (elected)
J.R. McIntosh - 3287
Dr. Campbell - 2850
C. Gowan - 2790
A.T. Mode - 2788
T.J. Walsh - 2707
S.H.Smith - 2730
John Cook - 1037
Total number of votes cast in aldermanic contest: 34,994
All elected were white males.
Public school board election
Each voter could cat up to five votes.
Walter Ramsey - 4111 (elected)
A E May - 3343 (elected)
J Hill - 3287 (elected)
Samuel Barnes - 3173 (elected)
Dr. Park - 2583 (elected)
Dr. Frank Crang - 2314
T.H. Miller - 1645
Louise Moore - 1491
Alice Hill - 867
Separate (Catholic) school board election
Each voter could cast up to three votes.
Joseph Henri Picard'' - 448 (elected)
J O'Neill - 321 (elected)
D J Gilmurray - 310 (elected)
E P O'Donnell - 262 (elected)
J.W. Heffernan - 248
J.W. Connelly - 230
References
City of Edmonton: Edmonton Elections
1913
1913 elections in Canada
1913 in Alberta
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17336267
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mrs.%20Mike
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Mrs. Mike
|
Mrs. Mike, the Story of Katherine Mary Flannigan is a novel by Benedict and Nancy Freedman set in the Canadian wilderness during the early 1900s. Considered by some a young-adult classic, Mrs. Mike was initially serialized in the Atlantic Monthly and was the March 1947 selection of the Literary Guild. It was a critical and popular success, with 27 non-US editions, and it was published as an Armed Services Edition for U.S. servicemen abroad. The work combines the landscape and hardships of the Canadian North with the love story of Royal Canadian Mounted Police Sergeant Mike Flannigan and the young Katherine Mary O'Fallon, newly arrived from Boston, Massachusetts.
Plot
The novel is based on the stories of Katherine Mary O'Fallon Flannigan (1899-1954). According to her fictionalized account, in 1907 at age 16 O'Fallon travels to Calgary to visit her uncle and recover from pleurisy. There she meets and marries Mike Flannigan, a sergeant with the Royal North-West Mounted Police, moving with him to isolated posts in the mountain and lake regions of British Columbia and northern Alberta (Lesser Slave Lake). In the novel the Flannigans' two children die of diphtheria, and they adopt three orphaned children.
Reception
Feeling that her story should be made into a film, Flannigan went to Los Angeles in 1945. Although it attracted little attention, an agent felt the story might be suitable for a book and introduced her to the Freedmans. Based on a five-page outline, extended interviews and their research, they wrote a novel based on Flannigan's story. Late in life they reaffirmed that aspects of Flannigan's life were fictionalized, including her adoption of three children, and after Sgt. Flannigan's death in 1944 from a ruptured appendix Katherine Mary Flannigan left the North. According to Benedict Freedman, "The most important scenes—for example, when she leaves Mike and goes back to Boston—we didn't invent that. But we also didn't check her account of things."
A 1947 review of Mrs. Mike by RCMP member C.D. LaNauze, stationed in Grouard at the time of the story, noted a number of discrepancies. A journey allegedly requiring "weeks on the trail" was actually an "easy five-day journey", according to LaNauze; there was no diphtheria epidemic (and Grouard was served by a doctor at the time), and confirmed bachelor George Adams—not a Michael Flannigan—was the RCMP sergeant. LaNauze said, "Nothing in [the book] even approaches the truth".
A film version, with Evelyn Keyes as Katherine Mary and Dick Powell as Mike, was released in 1949. Flannigan sued its producers and the Freedmans for $25,000, but the suit was dismissed because she had a legal claim against the authors only (not the producers). The Freedmans published two sequels to Mrs. Mike: The Search for Joyful in 2002 and Kathy Little Bird in 2003.
Katherine Mary Flannigan married John P. Knox, and lived in Vancouver. In 1951 she published The Faith of Mrs. Kelleen, set in 1880s Ireland and based on the life of her great-aunt. Flannigan died on August 8, 1954, while visiting family and friends in Calgary.
John Henry Crosman adapted the novel into a newspaper comic adaptation, in the 1940s.
Publication history
Mrs. Mike, the Story of Katherine Mary Flannigan, Coward-McCann & Geoghegan (January 1, 1947), ASIN: B0007F29J8
Mrs. Mike, the Story of Katherine Mary Flannigan. Toronto: Longmans, Green, 1947.
Mrs. Mike, Paperback, Berkley (MM); Reissue edition (Jan 17 2002),
References
1947 American novels
Biographical novels
Canadian young adult novels
Fiction set in the 1900s
Novels set in Alberta
American novels adapted into films
Novels adapted into comics
Novels set in British Columbia
Coward-McCann books
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21839685
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puch%C3%B3wka
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Puchówka
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Puchówka () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wieliczki, within Olecko County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately south of Wieliczki, south-east of Olecko, and east of the regional capital Olsztyn.
Before 1945 the area was part of Germany (East Prussia).
References
Villages in Olecko County
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28287437
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie%20Cliff
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Leslie Cliff
|
Leslie Cliff may refer to:
Leslie Cliff (swimmer) (born 1955), retired Canadian swimmer
Leslie Cliff (figure skater) (1908–1969), British pair skater
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68013525
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadick%20Abubakar
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Sadick Abubakar
|
Sadick Abubakar (born 2 February 1998) is a Ghanaian professional footballer who plays as defender for Serbian club Radnički Sremska Mitrovica.
Career
Abubakar played for FK Smederevo 1924 from January 2020 to July 2020. He joined FK Radnički Sremska Mitrovica on 13 July 2020 on a free transfer.
Career statistics
References
External links
PRVA Liga Profile
1998 births
Living people
Ghanaian footballers
Association football defenders
Jönköpings Södra IF players
FK Smederevo players
Serbian First League players
Ghanaian expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Sweden
Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in Sweden
Expatriate footballers in Serbia
Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in Serbia
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57224222
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleologus%20%28bug%29
|
Paleologus (bug)
|
Paleologus is a genus of stilt bugs in the family Berytidae. There are at least two described species in Paleologus.
Species
These two species belong to the genus Paleologus:
Paleologus achitophel Fernando, 1960 c g
Paleologus feanus Distant, W.L., 1902 c g
Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net
References
Further reading
Berytidae
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26911034
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred%20Hooke
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Alfred Hooke
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Alfred John "Alf" Hooke (February 25, 1905 – February 17, 1992) was a teacher, politician and author from Alberta, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta from 1935 to 1971 as a member of the Social Credit Party. He held numerous cabinet portfolios in the government of Ernest Manning from 1943 to 1968. Of the original 1935 Socred caucus, Hooke was the only member to serve continuously in the legislature until the party's defeat in 1971.
Early life
Alfred John Hooke was born on February 25, 1905, in Whitecroft, Gloucestershire, United Kingdom. His family moved to the province of Alberta in Canada in 1913. At the age of 13 Hooke left school and joined the work force as a hired hand. He returned to school and completed his studies three years later. He became a teacher in 1926 and remained one until his election to the Alberta legislature in 1935.
Political career
Hooke joined the Social Credit movement at its beginning; he was familiar with William Aberhart through his work as a school teacher and became involved with Aberhart as a speaker on Social Credit theory.
Although reluctant at first, he was urged by people in the town of Rocky Mountain House to put his name up for the Social Credit nomination in the Red Deer electoral district. He faced nine other candidates for the nomination and headed the polls on the first ballot, upon which six were eliminated. The other four names went to the Social Credit advisory committee, which chose him to run in the 1935 Alberta general election. Hooke defeated incumbent MLA William Payne and three other candidates with a large majority.
Redistribution in 1940 created a separate electoral district for Rocky Mountain House. Hooke ran there in the election held that year and won a clear majority on the first ballot, defeating two other candidates.
Premier Ernest Manning appointed Hooke to cabinet as Provincial Secretary on June 1, 1943. Hooke ran for a third term in the 1944 general election and won by a landslide.
Hooke briefly held two cabinet portfolios when Manning appointed him Minister of Economic Affairs on April 20, 1945. He ran for a fourth term in the 1948 Alberta general election and was returned to office with another large victory. After the election Manning gave the post of Provincial Secretary to Clarence Gerhart while Hooke kept the Economic Affairs portfolio.
Hooke ran for a fifth term and won easily in the 1952 Alberta general election. After the election Hooke became Minister of Public Works.
Hooke stood for his sixth term in the 1955 Alberta general election. He defeated two other candidates with a solid majority to return to office. Manning re-appointed Hooke Provincial Secretary and also made him Minister of Municipal Affairs.
The 1959 Alberta general election saw Hooke win his seventh term easily. He kept the Municipal Affairs portfolio while the position of Provincial Secretary was assigned to Allen Patrick.
Hooke ran for his eighth term in the 1963 Alberta general election. He was returned with another massive majority.
In 1966 NDP MLA Garth Turcott and NDP leader Neil Reimer leveled accusations of corruption and misusing public office for personal gain against Edgar Hinman and Hooke. The unproven accusations began attracting nationwide attention and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police were called in to ensure the safety of Hooke and his family.
Hooke ran for re-election to his ninth term in the 1967 Alberta general election. Pundits at the time predicted Hooke had very little chance at re-election. He faced two other candidates in the race, including Independent William Sinclair, who had been picked by federal Social Credit leader Robert Thompson to run against Hooke. Hooke won with another massive majority.
Manning returned Hooke to cabinet as Minister of Public Welfare to bring the department under control as it became the highest spending department. He held that portfolio for a year, after which he was appointed Minister of Lands and Forests on July 16, 1968.
Hooke ran for leadership of the Social Credit party in the 1968 leadership race; he finished last on the first ballot. Harry Strom, the new leader and the new premier, dropped Hooke from the cabinet. Hooke retired from provincial politics at dissolution of the legislature in 1971. He was the only one of the original 1935 caucus to serve continuously until Social Credit was defeated. The closest to him were Manning himself, who resigned as premier and MLA in 1968, and William Tomyn who, though a member of the 1935 intake who stood down in 1971, was defeated in 1952 and did not return until 1959.
Late life
After leaving office in 1971 Hooke wrote the book 30+5 I Know, I was There about his early life and his political career. In 1980 Hooke wrote "Looking Backward to Go Forward about economic activity in the 1930s and how the downfall of the economy is repeating itself in modern times. He died in 1992 from cancer at the age of 86.
References
External links
Legislative Assembly of Alberta Members Listing
1905 births
Alberta Social Credit Party MLAs
1992 deaths
Members of the Executive Council of Alberta
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013%20Grand%20National
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2013 Grand National
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The 2013 Grand National (officially known as the John Smith's Grand National for sponsorship reasons) was the 166th annual running of the Grand National horse race at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England. The showpiece steeplechase, which concluded a three-day meeting (one of only four held at Aintree throughout the year), took place on 6 April 2013. The maximum permitted field of 40 runners competed for a share of the £975,000 prize fund, which made the National the most valuable jump race in Europe.
The race was won by 66/1 shot Auroras Encore, who was ridden by jockey Ryan Mania for trainer Sue Smith. The 11/2 favourite Seabass, ridden by Katie Walsh, finished in 13th place.
During the race only two horses fell and six unseated their riders; 17 completed the course and all 40 that ran returned safely to the stables.
The race was broadcast on Channel 4 for the first time as it took over the broadcasting rights for a four-year period to 2016. The BBC had broadcast the race every year since it was first televised in 1960 and first aired on radio in 1927. The BBC retain the UK radio coverage rights.
Safety changes
In addition to modifications made for the previous year's race, Aintree announced that a number of further changes had been made for the 2013 National.
Twelve of the 16 fences on the course were rebuilt with the timber frames within them replaced by a softer material known as "plastic birch". The fences are still covered with at least 14 inches of spruce and will remain the same height. The starting line was also moved 90 yards closer to the first fence, further away from the spectators' stands and thereby reducing slightly the overall distance.
Aintree and the Professional Jockeys' Association jointly issued a note urging participating jockeys to avoid a false start by paying more attention to the starter's orders, and to better control their speed during the race.
In response to the further changes, David Muir of the RSPCA said: "They have done more than I thought they would. Fundamentally the changes that have been made are major already. They've taken the cores of the fences out, there is a cooling down area now, there's a water system and there's a reduction in the number of drop fences; [however] we'd still like to see changes to Becher's Brook, the drop is still a concern."
Race card
Entries for the race had to be submitted by 30 January 2013. Aintree announced that 84 horses had been entered for consideration in the 2013 Grand National, including last year's runner-up Sunnyhillboy, as well as Seabass and Cappa Bleu, third and fourth in the 2012 race respectively. Others hoping to return to the National for 2013 included Oscar Time, Big Fella Thanks, What A Friend, Cloudy Lane, Calgary Bay, and 2011 winner Ballabriggs.
Eight of the entrants were trained in Wales, including Cappa Bleu; the only Welsh-trained horse to have won the Grand National was Kirkland in 1905. Thirty-two of the 84 were trained in Ireland.
Handicap weights were announced by the British Horseracing Authority in London on 12 February. The top weight of 11 st 10 lb was allotted to Tidal Bay, trained by last year's winning trainer Paul Nicholls, however the horse was withdrawn two days later with a stress fracture of the lower cannon bone on his right hind leg. 2010 Cheltenham Gold Cup winner Imperial Commander now carries top weight. The National's official betting partner, Betfred, put Seabass (11 st 2 lb), On His Own (10 st 10 lb), and Prince De Beauchene (11 st 3 lb) as joint-favourites upon announcement of the handicaps. Prince De Beauchene was later withdrawn with a stress fracture.
There were scratchings' deadlines on 26 February and 19 March, after which 57 entries remained. 1 April marked the five-day confirmation stage at which 49 horses remained and were ranked according to their ratings. On 4 April the final field of 40 runners was declared:
Great Britain unless stated.
Amateur jockeys denoted by preceding title, e.g. Mr.
Race overview
The starter Hugh Barclay got the field of 40 horses off and running at the first attempt, the start line having been moved 90 yards closer to the first fence and further away from the spectators' stands. Seabass was sent off as 11/2 favourite, with jockey Katie Walsh becoming the first female rider to start a Grand National as favourite. Her brother Ruby Walsh was second-favourite on board On His Own.
For the first time in history, all 40 runners made it to the Canal Turn – the eighth of the 30 fences – without mishap. Across the Bay led over the Turn from Balthazar King, while three riders were unseated. Andrew Thornton became the first of only two jockeys in the 2013 National to fall from his mount as the field streamed over the 12th fence.
The Chair is the penultimate fence on the first circuit and marked the end of the race for champion jockey Tony McCoy who was unseated from Colbert Station. Thirty-two of the 40 participants were still in contention going onto the second circuit, led by Across the Bay from Balthazar King, Oscar Time, and Teaforthree.
All the remaining runners safely jumped the second Becher's Brook, the first time since 1996 that the famous fence had not claimed any fallers. Ruby Walsh fell at Valentine's (the 25th fence) after which several runners had been pulled up, leaving 21 still racing. Irish-trained Oscar Time and Welsh-trained Teaforthree led the field, with Auroras Encore emerging in third position. At the final fence, Paul Carberry pulled up Chicago Grey while Mumbles Head refused and two other horses unseated their riders.
At the elbow on the 494-yard run-in, Auroras Encore had extended his lead over Teaforthree and Oscar Time, the latter fading and quickly overtaken by Cappa Bleu. At the line, the pairing of Auroras Encore and Ryan Mania – taking his first ride in the Grand National – won by a distance of nine lengths, Cappa Bleu pipped Teaforthree for second place, Oscar Time finished in fourth and Rare Bob was fifth. Seventeen runners completed the course.
Finishing order
Non-finishers
Colours
Reaction
Sue Smith became only the third woman to train a Grand National winner, after Jenny Pitman (1983 and 1995) and Venetia Williams (2009). Smith said afterward: "I knew the ground was right for him and hoped everything else was. He stayed down the middle and had a bit of luck in running. He didn't have a lot of weight and that helped, too."
Auroras Encore was jockey Ryan Mania's first ride in the National. He said after his victory: "There are no words to describe it. I got a dream ride round. I couldn't believe my luck." Mania added that he could not "go too mad" with his celebrations as he was due to race at Hexham the next day. He did race the following afternoon, but was injured in a fall during the St. John Lee Handicap Hurdle and had to be airlifted to Newcastle Royal Infirmary where he was described as being in a "stable" condition. He was released from hospital two days later with minor neck and back injuries, saying he was "feeling a bit tired and a bit sore but apart from that I'm OK, it's nothing serious."
With two equine fatalities in each of the two previous Nationals, much of the media commentary after the 2013 race hailed the fact that all 40 runners had returned safely to the stables and that only two had fallen at the modified fences. The RSPCA's chief executive Gavin Grant said that his organisation was "delighted that the changes seem to have contributed to a safe yet competitive race." Roly Owers of World Horse Welfare added: "Aintree can take considerable credit for the improvements they have made to the course. It is too early to say with certainty whether the softer fences are making a difference, but ... the initial signs are encouraging."
Channel 4 enjoyed a 61% share of the UK terrestrial television audience at its peak during the race. Though its peak viewing figures were down by 2 million from the 2012 race which was broadcast on the BBC and watched by nearly 11 million in the UK, they were slightly above those registered by the BBC in 2011 and 2009 and more than 1 million above those achieved in 2010.
Broadcasting
As the Grand National is accorded the status of an event of national interest in the United Kingdom and is listed on the Ofcom Code on Sports and Other Listed and Designated Events, it must be shown on free-to-air terrestrial television in the UK. Channel 4 took over the broadcasting rights from the BBC for a four-year period from 2013.
Clare Balding and Nick Luck presented Channel 4's coverage, supported by Jim McGrath, Mick Fitzgerald and Graham Cunningham. Reports were provided by Rishi Persad and Alice Plunkett and betting updates by Tanya Stevenson and Brian Gleeson. Balding, Fitzgerald and Persad were previously regulars of BBC's coverage team for the race in recent years. The commentary team was composed of Richard Hoiles, Ian Bartlett (also previously part of the BBC's team) and Simon Holt. As lead commentator for Channel 4, Holt called the winner home for the first time. After the race, Nick Luck, Mick Fitzgerald and Richard Hoiles provided the viewers with a detailed re-run of the race.
Whereas the BBC lost the television rights for the race, its radio station 5 Live broadcast the race as before, the 81st consecutive running of the National to be covered live on BBC radio.
See also
Horseracing in Great Britain
List of British National Hunt races
References
2013
Grand National
Grand National
Grand National
21st century in Merseyside
Grand
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013%20World%20Championships%20in%20Athletics%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20pole%20vault
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2013 World Championships in Athletics – Men's pole vault
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The men's pole vault at the 2013 World Championships in Athletics was held at the Luzhniki Stadium on 10–12 August.
Records
Prior to the competition, the records were as follows:
Qualification standards
Schedule
Results
Qualification
Qualification: 5.70 m (Q) and at least 12 best (q) advanced to the final.
Final
The final was started at 19:00.
References
External links
Pole vault results at IAAF website
Pole vault
Pole vault at the World Athletics Championships
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic%20Day%20%28East%20Germany%29
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Republic Day (East Germany)
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Republic Day () was an official holiday in East Germany, celebrated annually on 7 October from 1949 to 1989. Republic Day commemorates the anniversary of the establishment of the German Democratic Republic on 7 October 1949. On Republic Day, the Government of the GDR awarded many people the National Award of the GDR.
Background
The day commemorates 7 October 1949, when the German Democratic Republic was constituted on the territory of the Soviet Occupation Zone, almost half a year after the founding of the Federal Republic of Germany after the adoption of the Basic Law on 23 May 1949. It was immediately led by a government formed by the ruling communist party, known locally as the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) (formed in April 1946). This solidified the 1945 division of Germany and the two states' different political systems. The first major celebrations took place in 1959 on the GDR's 10th anniversary. It was replaced in 1990 by German Unity Day, which is today celebrated on 3 October, four days before the GDR's Republic Day.
Celebrations in the GDR
On the occasion of the Day of the Republic, special stamps were issued every five years for the State Birthday of the GDR. Since the 1970s, the day became more and more the people's holiday, without the demonstrations, but with folk festival character. In 1976, the Palace of the Republic was opened on republic day. On Republic Day in 1977, violent clashes between the People's Police and young people took place on Alexanderplatz in Berlin. They shouted slogans like "Down with the GDR!" Or "Give Peace a Chance" and many of whom were arrested and sentenced.
Military parade
The East German government has always held a Republic Day parade on Karl-Marx-Allee (between Alexanderplatz and Strausberger Platz) since its 10th anniversary in 1959. The most prominent Republic Day celebrations have taken place in 1974, 1979 and 1989, at the 25th, 30th and 40th anniversaries respectively. Since this military presence was in contrast to Berlin's Four Powers status, the military parades led regularly to protest notes of the Western Powers. The last military parade took place in 1989. Also a fleet review of the Volksmarine took place. The parade had been always led by the parade commander who had the rank of a Colonel General and the position of Chief of the Land Forces. From 1972, when that post was created, up to 1989, that was held by Col Gen Horst Stechbarth, who was the parade commander during those years. After his arrival and the report of the superintendent of the Friedrich Engels Military Academy, he took his post nearest the Massed Bands of the Military Music Service of the National People's Army and the Corps of Drums of the Central Band of the NPA.
At 10 am, after the arrival of state and political leaders, the bells ring and the bands sounded a fanfare, after which the parade commander had ordered the parade to present arms and eyes left as it rendered honors to the Minister of Defence, a position held by a General of the Army. As the bands were playing the Präsentiermarsch der Nationalen Volksarmee the PC and the Minister of Defense salute as their automobiles approached each other and the bands paused, with the former reporting of the readiness of the troops for the parade. The music was then resumed at the signal of the Drum Major of the Massed Bands and the Band Conductors, and the PC and the Minister first inspected the mobile column, then the bands and lastly the ground column. After the inspection, the vehicle of the parade commander returned to his first position as the Minister's vehicle stopped in order that he would depart the said vehicle and then proceed to the reviewing stand to inform the General Secretary of the SED and President of the Council of State on the readiness of the parade to march past. Following the report, the national anthem Auferstanden aus Ruinen was played, after which the parade commander ordered the parade to prepare for the march past in quick time, first to the tune of Marsch der Elisabether as the bands position for the march past, and later, following the fifes and drums, to the tune of the Parademarsch № 1 der Nationalen Volksarmee as the bands march in position in front of the grandstand.
Republic Day Grand Tattoo
The traditional German Großer Zapfenstreich ("Grand Tattoo") military ceremony was held on Republic Day in the evening. It was made official in 1981 after it was introduced in 1962 and was updated from the Prussian version, to adjust for the addition of "elements of the progressive military inheritance" which included Soviet compositions and a medley of German and international working-class songs and marches. It also included a torchlight procession, an opening fanfare, and the presentation of the NVA Colors.
The composition of the Grand Tattoo from 1962–89 was as follows:
Central Band of the NVA (with specialized fanfare section and 2 Timpanis)
Corps of Drums
Friedrich Engels Guard Regiment Ceremonial Unit
Company of sailors of the Volksmarine
NVA Colour guard
Torchbearers
Gallery
See also
Republic Day
References
National holidays
1949 establishments in East Germany
October observances
Republic days
Public holidays in East Germany
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luciano%20Suriani
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Luciano Suriani
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Luciano Suriani (born 11 January 1957) is an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who has served as Apostolic Nuncio to Serbia since 2015.
Biography
Suriani was born in 1957 in Atessa, Chieti. He was ordained a priest on 5 August 1981. He was incardinated in the diocese of Chieti-Vasto. He earned a doctorate in canon law from the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy.
He entered the diplomatic service of the Holy See on 1 June 1990, and worked in the papal diplomatic missions to Ivory Coast, Switzerland, the Section for Relations with States at the Secretariat of State, and the Nunciature to Italy, by which time he held the rank of counselor.
Apart from Italian, he knows Spanish, French and English.
On 22 February 2008 by Pope Benedict XVI appointed him Apostolic Nuncio to Bolivia and titular archbishop of Amiternum, On 26 April 2008 he was ordained a bishop by Tarcisio Cardinal Bertone.
He was replaced as Nuncio to Bolivia after nine months on 22 September by Giambattista Diquattro.
Suriani had requested a new assignment because of health problems associated with high altitudes. La Paz is located 3,640 metres above sea level.
On 24 September 2009 Suriani was appointed to a senior position as the Secretariat of State. As Delegate for Papal Representatives he has responsibility for coordinating the affairs of the Holy See's diplomats.
On 7 December 2015 Pope Francis appointed him nuncio to Serbia.
References
External links
1957 births
Living people
People from Atessa
Apostolic Nuncios to Bolivia
Apostolic Nuncios to Serbia
21st-century Italian Roman Catholic titular archbishops
Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy alumni
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray%20Collins%20%28actor%29
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Ray Collins (actor)
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Ray Bidwell Collins (December 10, 1889 – July 11, 1965) was an American character actor in stock and Broadway theatre, radio, films, and television. With 900 stage roles to his credit, he became one of the most successful actors in the developing field of radio drama. A friend and associate of Orson Welles for many years, Collins went to Hollywood with the Mercury Theatre company and made his feature-film debut in Citizen Kane (1941), as Kane's ruthless political rival. Collins appeared in more than 75 films and had one of his best-remembered roles on television, as Los Angeles homicide detective Lieutenant Arthur Tragg in the CBS-TV series Perry Mason.
Life and career
Ray Bidwell Collins was born December 10, 1889, in Sacramento, California, to Lillie Bidwell and William Calderwood Collins. His father was a newspaper reporter and dramatic editor on The Sacramento Bee. His mother was the niece of John Bidwell, pioneer, statesman, and founder of society in the Sacramento Valley area of California in the 19th century. Collins was inspired as a young boy to become an actor after seeing a stage performance by his uncle, Ulric Collins, who had performed the role of Dave Bartlett in the Broadway production of Way Down East. He began putting on plays with neighborhood children in Sacramento.
Collins made his professional stage debut at age 13, at the Liberty Playhouse in Oakland, California.
In December 1912, Collins and his first wife, Margaret Marriott, were a vaudeville team, who performed at the Alhambra Theatre in Seattle. In July 1914, the couple and their young son, Junius, moved to Vancouver, British Columbia, where Collins worked as an actor. In 1922, he was part of a stock company, Vancouver's Popular Players, which enacted plays at the original Orpheum Theatre. He operated his own stock company for five years at his own theatre, the Empress Theatre, in Vancouver. Collins toured in vaudeville and made his way to New York.
Collins worked prodigiously in his youth. Between the ages of 17 and 30, he was, it is said, out of work as an actor for a total of five weeks. In 1924, he and Marriott were divorced. That same year, he opened in Conscience, and after that, he was almost continually featured in Broadway plays and other theatrical productions until the Great Depression began. In 1926, he married Joan Uron. At the start of the Great Depression, Collins turned his attention to radio, where he was involved in 18 broadcasts a week, sometimes working as many as 16 hours a day. He also played parts in short films, starting in 1930, including the Vitaphone Varieties series based on Booth Tarkington's Penrod stories.
In 1934, Collins began a long association with Orson Welles, which led to some of his most memorable roles. They met when Welles joined the repertory cast of The American School of the Air, his first job in radio. In 1935, Welles won a place in the prestigious company that presented the news dramatization series The March of Time—an elite corps of actors, including Collins, Agnes Moorehead, Everett Sloane, and Paul Stewart, who would soon form the core of Welles's Mercury Theatre.
On radio, Collins was in the distinguished repertory cast of the weekly historical drama Cavalcade of America for six years. Collins and Welles worked together on that series and others, including Welles's serial adaptation of Les Misérables (1937) and The Shadow (1937–1938).
Collins became a member of the repertory company of Welles's CBS Radio series The Mercury Theatre on the Air (1938) and its sponsored continuation, The Campbell Playhouse (1938–1940). Through the run of the series, Collins played many roles in literary adaptations, including Squire Livesey in "Treasure Island", Dr. Watson in "Sherlock Holmes", and Mr. Pickwick in "The Pickwick Papers". Collins's best-known (albeit uncredited) work on this series, however, was in "The War of the Worlds", the celebrated broadcast in which he played three roles, most notably the rooftop newscaster who describes the destruction of New York.
Along with other Mercury Theatre players, Collins made his feature-film debut in Citizen Kane (1941), in which he portrayed ruthless political boss Jim W. Gettys. He appeared in Welles's original Broadway production of Native Son (1941) and played a principal role in Welles's second film, The Magnificent Ambersons (1942). His ongoing radio work included Welles's wartime series, Ceiling Unlimited and Hello Americans (1942), and the variety show The Orson Welles Almanac (1944).
Having returned to his native California, Collins appeared in more than 75 major motion pictures, including Leave Her to Heaven (1945); The Best Years of Our Lives (1946); Crack-Up (1946); A Double Life (1947); two entries in the Ma and Pa Kettle series; and the 1953 version of The Desert Song, in which he played the nonsinging role of Kathryn Grayson's father. He displayed comic ability in The Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxer (1947) and The Man from Colorado (1948), and played a supporting role in Welles's Touch of Evil (1958).
On television, Collins was a regular in The Halls of Ivy (1954–1955), starring Ronald Colman. He appeared as Judge Harper in a 1955 TV adaptation of the holiday classic Miracle on 34th Street, starring Thomas Mitchell, Teresa Wright, and MacDonald Carey. In 1957, Collins joined the cast of the CBS-TV series Perry Mason and gained fame as Los Angeles police homicide detective Lieutenant Arthur Tragg.
By 1960, Collins found his physical health declining and his memory waning, problems that in the next few years brought an end to his career. About the difficulty in remembering his lines, he said "Years ago, when I was on the Broadway stage, I could memorize 80 pages in eight hours. I had a photographic memory. When I got out on the stage, I could actually — in my mind — see the lines written on top of the page, the middle, or the bottom. But then radio came along, and we read most of our lines, and I got out of the habit of memorizing. I lost my natural gift. Today it's hard for me. My wife works as hard as I do, cueing me at home."
In October 1963, Collins filmed his last Perry Mason episode, "The Case of the Capering Camera", broadcast January 16, 1964. Although clearly Collins would not return to work on the series, his name appeared in the opening title sequence through the eighth season, which ended in May 1965. Executive producer Gail Patrick Jackson was aware that Collins watched the show every week and wished not to discourage him.
On July 11, 1965, Collins died of emphysema at St. John's Hospital in Santa Monica, California, at age 75. Masonic funeral services were held at Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Hollywood Hills.
Private life
Collins supported Thomas Dewey in the 1944 United States presidential election.
Theatre credits
Ray Collins played 900 roles on the legitimate stage.
Radio credits
Film and television credits
References
External links
1889 births
1965 deaths
American male film actors
American male stage actors
American male radio actors
American male television actors
Male actors from Sacramento, California
Deaths from emphysema
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)
20th-century American male actors
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive%20industry%20in%20Korea
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Automotive industry in Korea
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Automotive industry in Korea may refer to:
Automotive industry in North Korea
Automotive industry in South Korea
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheinmetall%20RMG.50
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Rheinmetall RMG.50
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The RMG.50 is a German heavy machine gun under development by Rheinmetall.
The RMG.50 machine gun is under development by the company under contract to the Bundeswehr as a replacement for the Browning M2HB recoil-operated heavy machine gun of the same calibre. According to a company representative, work on the RMG.50 started in 2008 and the first firings took place at the end of 2009. A second prototype has since been completed and is planned to have started trials in August 2010. A third prototype will be delivered in 2011 for internal qualification and pre-series weapons are due to be delivered to the German Ministry of Defence test authority in 2012.
References
External links
Website of Rheinmetall Defence
.50 BMG machine guns
Machine guns of Germany
Post–Cold War weapons of Germany
Trial and research firearms of Germany
RMG .50
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stenacris
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Stenacris
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Stenacris is a genus of spur-throat toothpick grasshoppers in the family Acrididae. There are about six described species in Stenacris.
Species
These six species belong to the genus Stenacris:
Stenacris caribea (Rehn & Hebard, 1938)
Stenacris fissicauda (Bruner, 1908)
Stenacris megacephala Bruner, 1920
Stenacris minor (Bruner, 1906)
Stenacris vitreipennis (Marschall, 1836) (glassy-winged toothpick grasshopper)
Stenacris xanthochlora (Marschall, 1836)
References
Further reading
Acrididae
Articles created by Qbugbot
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anifest
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Anifest
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The International Festival of Animated Films AniFest is an international festival of animated films held annually in the Czech Republic. It was established in 2002 and has attracted more than twenty-thousand guests per year.
It is a specialized competition festival of animated production for film professionals, artists and animation lovers. In addition to the competitive and non-competitive film events, the festival includes various theatre performances, exhibitions, concerts and discussions, parties and other cultural and social events.
In 2010, Anifest was in the North Bohemian city of Teplice. It marked the 100th birthday of legendary film director Karel Zeman The AniFest 2010 juries consisted of personalities from the world of animation, including film directors, film artists, film historians and university professors from around the world.
In 2013, Aifest was merged with Anifilm.
See also
Anifilm
References
External links
Festtival website
Animation film festivals
Film festivals in the Czech Republic
Defunct film festivals
Anifilm
Recurring events disestablished in 2013
Recurring events established in 2002
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9o%20Paulista
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Léo Paulista
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Leopoldo Roberto Markovsky (born 29 August 1983 in São Paulo), known as Léo Paulista, is a Brazilian football striker, currently playing for Pattaya United.
Club career
Léo Paulista's career began with SE Palmeiras - his hometown team. In 2002, he was loaned to Japanese club Yokohama F. Marinos. In 2004, he transferred to Londrina EC on loan for two seasons. Returning to SE Palmeiras, he played out the 2006 season. In the spring of 2007, he transferred to the São Paulo club CA Juventus, but within six months moved to CRB. In 2008, a further shift was made to another São Paulo club, Bragantino. In June 2008, Leo trialled for second tier Polish club Górnik Zabrze. On 3 July 2008, he signed a two-year contract with the club.
However, his move to Poland was not successful, and after only 8 league games, Léo Paulista returned to East Asia. In July 2009, he signed with Korean K-League club Daegu FC, joining them for the second half of the 2009 K-League season. LLéo Paulista layed an important part in improving the winning record of Daegu FC, the club having only won a single league game by the time Leo joined the team. Léo Paulista would score 4 goals in 14 appearances in the 2009 K-League, and helped put together a four-game winning streak, which although not improving their final league position, at least ensured the team finished the season more positively than it seemed mid-season.
LLéo Paulista,who was unattached after end of the contract with Daegu FC, moved to Volta Redonda in February 2011.
In January 2012, Léo Paulista signed a three and half-year contract with Tunisian club Étoile Sportive du Sahel.
References
External links
{{K League player|name=Léo Paulista}
Living people
1983 births
Brazilian footballers
Brazilian expatriate footballers
Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras players
Yokohama F. Marinos players
Clube Atlético Juventus players
Clube de Regatas Brasil players
Londrina Esporte Clube players
Clube Atlético Bragantino players
Volta Redonda Futebol Clube players
Górnik Zabrze players
Daegu FC players
J1 League players
Ekstraklasa players
K League 1 players
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in South Korea
Expatriate footballers in South Korea
Brazilian people of Polish descent
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Poland
Expatriate footballers in Poland
Expatriate footballers in Japan
Association football forwards
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2288075
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylindropuntia%20imbricata
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Cylindropuntia imbricata
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{{Speciesbox
| image = Cylindropuntia spinosior, July Albuquerque.jpg
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref>{{cite iucn |title='’Cylindropuntia imbricata |access-date=25 February 2022 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T152144A183111167.en |date=29 April 2009}}</ref>
| genus = Cylindropuntia
| species = imbricata
| authority = Haw. (DC.)
| synonyms = Opuntia imbricata}}Cylindropuntia imbricata, the cane cholla (or walking stick cholla, tree cholla, chainlink cactus, etc.), is a cactus found in the Southwestern United States and northern Mexico, including some cooler regions in comparison to many other cacti. It occurs primarily in the arid regions of the Southwestern United States in the states of Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, and Nevada. It is often conspicuous because of its shrubby or even tree-like size, its silhouette, and its long-lasting yellowish fruits.
Distribution and habitat
The cane cholla's range is the arid regions of Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Oklahoma, and Texas, south to Durango, Zacatecas, and San Luis Potosí. It occurs at altitudes from and is hardy for a cactus (USDA Zone 5A).
In parts of its range, often just below the pinyon-juniper belt, it can be abundant, surrounded by low grasses and forbs that are brown most of the year; in such places chollas are conspicuous as the only tall green plant. Plants may form thickets or be spaced at a few times their width in "gardens".
This species is a noxious invasive in Australia in old mining localities and along watercourses. It is known there by the common names of Devil's rope cactus or Devil's rope pear. It is a declared noxious weed in New South Wales and also occurs in Queensland, Northern Territory, Victoria, and South Australia.
Description
The above-ground part consists of much-branched cylindrical stems, the end joints being about in diameter. The joints, unlike those of some chollas, are hard to detach. The stems are highly tubercular (lumpy) with a pattern of long oval lumps. A typical height is about , but exceptionally it can grow to with a "trunk" diameter of . The width is often similar to or somewhat greater than the height. The stems are armed with clusters of up to about 10 red to pink spines, which may be long and are barbed and sharp enough to easily penetrate leather gardening gloves. The stems and fruits also have many spines or "glochids" about long that can detach and stick in the skin.
There are two kinds of stems or "cladodes": long plagiotropic, bearing flowers at the ends and falling off after a few years, and long orthotropic, primarily serving for support and transport and staying on the plant. Plagiotropic stems grow in a star- or crown-like pattern around a central orthotropic stem.
This species blooms in late spring or early summer. The flowers are purple or magenta, rarely rose-pink, about wide. The fruits are yellowish, tubercular like the stems, and shaped something like the frustum of a cone, with a hollow at the wide end where the flower fell off; they are often mistaken for flowers. The plant retains them all winter. They are dry and not tasty, though the Indians of Arizona and New Mexico are said to have eaten them.
In addition to sexual reproduction, the tree cholla reproduces when stem joints fall to the ground and take root. Thus this species spreads and its spread is hard to control, especially where animals defecate seeds and carry stem joints stuck to their hide some distance from the parent plant. (Some cows, "cholla eaters", learn to eat cholla fruits despite the pain.) "Waves of invasion" typically occur four or five years after drought combined with grazing, probably because this combination exposes soil on which the stem joints can take root.
Ecology
The fruits are also eaten by various wild birds and mammals, including pronghorn, desert bighorn sheep, and deer. The thorny plants provide escape for cover for many small animals.
The leafcutter bee Lithurgus apicalis has been observed to pollinate the flowers.
Uses
The plants are sometimes grown as ornamentals. Dead stems decay to leave a hollow wooden tube with a pattern of lengthwise slits. These are sometimes used as canes or to make curios. The Roman Catholic Penitentes of New Mexico formerly tied fresh stems to their bare backs in Holy Week processions. The Zuni people use the imbricata'' variety ceremonially.
Images
References
imbricata
Flora of the Chihuahuan Desert
Flora of the Sonoran Deserts
Cacti of the United States
Cacti of Mexico
Flora of Northeastern Mexico
Flora of the Southwestern United States
Flora of Coahuila
Flora of Colorado
Flora of Durango
Flora of Kansas
Flora of New Mexico
Flora of San Luis Potosí
Flora of Texas
Flora of Utah
Flora of Zacatecas
North American desert flora
Drought-tolerant plants
Garden plants of North America
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12079837
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East%20Union%2C%20Noble%20County%2C%20Ohio
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East Union, Noble County, Ohio
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East Union is an unincorporated community in northwestern Stock Township, Noble County, Ohio, United States. It lies at the intersection of State Route 78 with County Road 6. The headwaters of Buffalo Creek, a tributary of the Muskingum River through Wills Creek, are located around East Union. It is located 7 miles (10½ km) east of Caldwell, the county seat of Noble County.
History
East Union was the site of the first permanent Roman Catholic settlement in Ohio. The community was founded in 1803 or 1804 under the name of "the Archer settlement" by several families, including one Catholic. Originally, East Union was the north end of the Archer settlement, which extended southward to Crumtown.
East Union was platted in 1856.
References
Unincorporated communities in Noble County, Ohio
Unincorporated communities in Ohio
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57230009
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attack%20on%20the%20Montclair%20Hotel
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Attack on the Montclair Hotel
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The Attack on the Montclair Hotel was a terrorist attack on the hotel, which had once been popular among tourists spending their holidays in Rhodesia, by the Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army (ZANLA) on 9 May 1978. During the attack, the guerrillas fired at least three rocket‐propelled grenades at the hotel, before opening fire with AK-47 assault rifles.
During the attack, the guerrillas killed two Rhodesian civilians and wounded three, including one American tourist. They were then chased away from the hotel by some of the staff who had armed themselves with guns, kept for protection from guerrillas. The two dead civilians were identified as Betty Verran of Juliasdale and Mrs. D. Groenewald of Salisbury.
References
Montclair Hotel
1978 in Rhodesia
Montclair Hotel
Montclair Hotel
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6785354
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elderly%20Woman%20Behind%20the%20Counter%20in%20a%20Small%20Town
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Elderly Woman Behind the Counter in a Small Town
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"Elderly Woman Behind the Counter in a Small Town" is a song by the American rock band Pearl Jam. The song is the tenth track on the band's second studio album, Vs. (1993). Although credited to all members of Pearl Jam, it was primarily written by vocalist Eddie Vedder. The length of the song's title was a reaction by the band to the fact that most of its songs featured one-word titles. The song is often referred to simply as "Elderly Woman" or "Small Town" by the band and its fans. Despite the lack of a commercial single release, the song reached number 17 on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart. An acoustic version of the song can be found on the "Go" single. The song was included on Pearl Jam's 2004 greatest hits album, rearviewmirror (Greatest Hits 1991–2003). The song was used in promos for the final season of Rescue Me.
Origin and recording
When discussing how he initially came up with "Elderly Woman Behind the Counter in a Small Town", vocalist Eddie Vedder stated that "it was so quick." He elaborated further:
We were recording the second record, and we stayed in this house in San Francisco, and I was outside the house in my own world and the little outhouse had a small room. I'm talking the size of a bathroom. I was able to fit a Shure Vocal Master, which is a 1960s PA, and two big towers of PA and a little amp and a 4 track. I slept in there too. I remember waking up one morning and playing pretty normal chords that sounded good, and I put on the vocal master to hear myself and it came out right quick. I don't even think I scribbled the lyrics down. It took 20 minutes. Stone was sitting outside reading the paper, and he was like "I really like that." So we recorded it that day.
Lyrics
Vedder about "Elderly Woman Behind the Counter in a Small Town":
It's kind of about a lady, and she's getting on in years, and she's stuck in this small town. Small towns fascinate me: You either struggle like hell to get out, to some people want to stay 'cause then they're the big fish in the small pond, and then others just kind of get stuck there. So here she is working in this little place, and then an old flame comes in, and he's probably driving a nice car and looking kind of sharp—not a fancy car, but he's moved on. And then she sees him, and at first she doesn't even remember who he is, and then she realizes who it is. She's just too embarrassed to say 'hello'.
Reception
Without being released as a single, "Elderly Woman Behind the Counter in a Small Town" peaked at number 23 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart and number 17 on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart in 1994. David Browne of Entertainment Weekly said the song has "an unexpected melodic delicacy."
The lyric page for the song in the album's liner notes featured a picture of an "elderly woman," but at some point after the first pressings another picture was used in place of the original. Allegedly, the original woman never gave permission for her picture to be used, so Pearl Jam changed the picture to another woman. The difference is easy to spot, as "the new and improved woman behind the counter" is printed below the picture.
Live performances
"Elderly Woman Behind the Counter in a Small Town" was first performed live at the band's June 16, 1993 concert in Missoula, Montana at the University of Montana-Missoula's University Theatre. Live performances of "Elderly Woman Behind the Counter in a Small Town" can be found on the "Dissident"/Live in Atlanta box set, the live album Live on Two Legs, various official bootlegs, the Live at the Gorge 05/06 box set, and the live album Live at Lollapalooza 2007. A performance of the song is also included on the DVD Live at the Showbox. The live version of "Elderly Woman Behind the Counter in a Small Town" from Live on Two Legs reached number 21 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart and number 26 on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart in 1998. In Canada, this version reached the top 30 on the Canadian Singles Chart.
Cover versions
A version of "Elderly Woman Behind the Counter in a Small Town" by Charlotte Martin can be found on her 2007 album, Reproductions.
Young@Heart Chorus, whose singers range from ages 73 to 90, covered "Elderly Woman Behind the Counter of a Small Town" at their 4th Annual Mash-Up concert in November 2016.
Chart positions
Vs. version
Live on Two Legs version
References
External links
Lyrics at pearljam.com
1993 songs
Pearl Jam songs
Songs written by Eddie Vedder
Songs written by Stone Gossard
Songs written by Jeff Ament
Songs written by Mike McCready
Songs written by Dave Abbruzzese
Song recordings produced by Eddie Vedder
Song recordings produced by Stone Gossard
Song recordings produced by Jeff Ament
Song recordings produced by Mike McCready
Song recordings produced by Dave Abbruzzese
Song recordings produced by Brendan O'Brien (record producer)
Songs about old age
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32689594
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erick%20Chauluka
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Erick Chauluka
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Erick Chauluka (born 9 September 1983, in Harare, Zimbabwe) is a Zimbabwean cricketer.
Career
Chauluka is a member of the Takashinga Cricket Club in Harare, and captained the club in 2007.
Domestic career
Chauluka made his first-classdebut for Manicaland in the 2002–03 Logan Cup, being dismissed for a duck in both innings. He switched to Mashonaland for the 2003–04 season, scoring 231 runs in four matches at an average of 33.00 playing mainly as an opener, including his maiden first-class century against Midlands. He also made his List A debut in the 2003–04 Faithwear Inter-Provincial Competition, scoring 70 runs on his debut against Manicaland batting at #3, which remains his highest List A score. He switched to Midlands for the 2004–05 season, playing four first-class and two List A matches.
No first-class matches were played in the 2005–06 Zimbabwean domestic cricket season due to the Zimbabwean cricket crisis. Chauluka did, however, represent Zimbabwe A in two matches against Bangladesh A in June 2006, scoring 63 runs.
Chauluka was selected to play for Centrals after the first re-structuring of Zimbabwean cricket. He played five first-class and three List A games as captain of the side in the 2006–07 season, scoring 203 runs in the Logan Cup, the most for Centrals in that season. He also played three further first-class matches and one List A match for Zimbabwe A against Kenya Select and South Africa A in the 2006–07 and 2007–08 seasons. Chauluka also played several matches for the Zimbabwe Provinces in the 2007–08 South African domestic season.
See also
List of Centrals cricketers
List of Mashonaland first-class cricketers
List of Southern Rocks first-class cricketers
References
External links
CricketArchive profile
ESPNCricinfo profile
1983 births
Centrals cricketers
Manicaland cricketers
Mashonaland cricketers
Midlands cricketers
Sportspeople from Harare
Southern Rocks cricketers
Zimbabwean cricketers
Living people
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1426849
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arches%20Court
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Arches Court
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The Arches Court, presided over by the Dean of Arches, is an ecclesiastical court of the Church of England covering the Province of Canterbury. Its equivalent in the Province of York is the Chancery Court.
It takes its name from the street-level arched windows of the old crypt of St Mary-le-Bow (Sancta Maria de Arcubus) where the court still sits.
Provincial Court
The Court of Arches is the provincial Court of Appeal for Canterbury. It has both appellate and original jurisdiction. It is presided over by the Dean of the Arches, who is styled The Right Honourable and Right Worshipful the Official Principal and Dean of the Arches. The dean must be a barrister of ten years' High Court standing or the holder or former holder of high judicial office. The appointment is made by the two archbishops jointly.
At various times the court has sat in the church of St Mary-le-Bow (Sancta Maria de arcubus, formerly the archbishop's principal peculier in London), whose arches give the court its name. The court used to sit in a large room over the north aisle of the 11th-century crypt adjoining Bow Lane. The room was later rebuilt on an even larger scale, and eventually came to be used as the vestry. After the Great Fire it was held in Doctors' Commons and also at 1 The Sanctuary, Westminster and St Paul's Cathedral. Its permanent home remains St Mary le Bow, where regular sittings include those to confirm the election of each new diocesan bishop in the province. The Provincial Registry is at 16 Beaumont Street, Oxford OX1 2LZ.
The proper jurisdiction of the court is over only the 13 peculiar parishes belonging to the archbishop in London. But, as the office of Dean of the Arches is united with that of Principal Official, the dean receives and determines appeals from the sentences of all lesser ecclesiastical courts within the province. Many original suits are also heard, where lesser courts waive jurisdiction by letters of request. Appeal lies with the Privy Council, except on matters of doctrine, ritual or ceremony, which go to the Court for Ecclesiastical Causes Reserved.
There may also be a Deputy Dean. The court normally consists of the dean, two clerks appointed by the prolocutor of the lower house of the appropriate convocation and two lay people appointed by the Chairman of the House of Laity in consultation with the Lord Chancellor. Such appointees will have had judicial experience and be diocesan chancellors. Since 1991 there have been two diocesan chancellors appointed by the dean. All these are assistant provincial court judges.
Original jurisdiction was formerly exercised by a separate provincial court, known as the Court of Audience.
History
The jurisdictions called "peculiars" at one time numbered nearly three hundred in England. They were originally introduced by the Pope for the purpose of curtailing a bishop's authority within his diocese. The dean of the Arches originally had jurisdiction over the thirteen London parishes mentioned above, but as the official principal was often absent as ambassador on the continent, the dean became his substitute, and gradually the two offices were blended together. The judge of the Arches court was until 1874 appointed by the Archbishop of Canterbury for the life of the holder. But by the Public Worship Regulation Act 1874 the two archbishops were empowered to appoint a practising barrister or judge as described above.
The official principal of the Arches court is the only ecclesiastical judge who is empowered to pass a sentence of deprivation against a clerk in holy orders. The appeals from the decisions of the Arches court were formerly made to the king in chancery, but they are now by statute addressed to the king in council, and they are heard before the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. By an act of Henry VIII (Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction Act 1532) the Arches court is empowered to hear, in the first instance, such suits as are sent up to it by letters of request from the consistory court of the bishops of the province of Canterbury, and it is further empowered to accept letters of request from the bishops of the province of Canterbury after they have issued commissions of inquiry under that statute, and the commissioners have made their report. The Arches court was also the court of appeal from the consistory courts (of the bishops of the province) in all testamentary and matrimonial causes. The matrimonial jurisdiction was transferred to the secular courts by the Matrimonial Causes Act 1857 and testamentary jurisdiction by later statute.
Leadership
The Provincial Registrar of Canterbury is appointed by the archbishop, after consultation with the Standing Committee of the General Synod. There may be a deputy provincial registrar. The provincial registrar acts as legal advisor to the archbishop, the registrar of the provincial court and the joint registrar of the General Synod.
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Archives of the Court of Arches at Lambeth Palace Library
Canon law of the Church of England
Ecclesiastical courts
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14926645
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabil%20Baha
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Nabil Baha
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Nabil Baha (Arabic: نبيل باها; born 12 August 1981) is a retired Moroccan footballer who played as a striker.
He started playing for Montpellier in 2000 and spent much of his career in the top divisions of Portugal and Spain, with notable stints at Braga and Málaga.
Baha won 20 caps for Morocco over the course of seven years.
Since July 2017, he is the second trainer of FUS Rabat.
Club career
Born in Remiremont, France, and with both of his parents hailing from Douar Guerzine near Fes, Baha made his professional debuts with France's Montpellier HSC, then went on to represent Associação Naval 1º de Maio (second division) and S.C. Braga in Portugal, moving to neighbours Spain in 2005 and appearing for Racing de Ferrol in the second level. There, in spite of his eight league goals, the Galician club would be relegated.
After a brief return spell to France with lowly US Créteil-Lusitanos, Baha returned to Spain and its second tier in January 2007, scoring nine league goals for SD Ponferradina which would also drop down a level at the season's closure. In the 2007–08 campaign he played for another side in the category, Málaga CF, and, benefitting from several injuries to habitual first-choice Salva, finished with ten goals (squad's second-best) as the Andalusians returned to La Liga after two years.
In the early months of 2008, Baha was subject of a €2 million transfer to FC Steaua București, however he rejected this as he wanted to play in Spain's top flight – he had a clause in his contract allowing him to talk to other clubs if the offer was of at least €5 million. In 2008–09 he scored his first goal in the competition, in a 4–0 away routing of Recreativo de Huelva on 5 October 2008; the following month he also found the net, at the Santiago Bernabéu against Real Madrid, but in a 3–4 final loss, and finished the first half of the season as the club's top scorer at eight for a total of nine, tied for best with midfielder Apoño.
On 29 January 2011, free agent Baha joined AEK Athens F.C. from Greece, signing a six-month contract with an option for an extra year. On 30 April he scored his only official goal of the campaign, in a 3–0 win against Atromitos F.C. for the Greek Cup final.
On 18 August 2011, Baha returned to Spain and joined CE Sabadell FC, signing a two-year contract. He was released by the club late in January 2013 and, in July, moved to the Chinese Super League with Dalian Aerbin FC.
International career
A full Moroccan international since February 2003, Baha took part in the 2004 Africa Cup of Nations where the national side finished second to hosts Tunisia, scoring once in a 4–0 semifinal win over Mali.
Due to a dislocated shoulder suffered in the late months of October against Racing de Santander in a Spanish Cup match, Baha failed to win a place in the nation's final squad for the 2008 Africa Cup of Nations, which was held in Ghana.
Honors
Morocco
Africa Cup of Nations runner-up:2004
References
External links
1981 births
Living people
People from Remiremont
French people of Moroccan descent
Moroccan footballers
Association football forwards
Ligue 2 players
Montpellier HSC players
US Créteil-Lusitanos players
Primeira Liga players
Liga Portugal 2 players
Segunda Divisão players
Associação Naval 1º de Maio players
S.C. Braga B players
S.C. Braga players
La Liga players
Segunda División players
Racing de Ferrol footballers
SD Ponferradina players
Málaga CF players
CE Sabadell FC footballers
Super League Greece players
AEK Athens F.C. players
Chinese Super League players
Dalian Professional F.C. players
Botola players
Fath Union Sport players
Morocco international footballers
2004 African Cup of Nations players
Moroccan expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in France
Expatriate footballers in Portugal
Expatriate footballers in Spain
Expatriate footballers in Greece
Expatriate footballers in China
Moroccan expatriate sportspeople in France
Moroccan expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
Moroccan expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Sportspeople from Vosges (department)
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20684479
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation%20Kutschera
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Operation Kutschera
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Operation Kutschera was the code name for the successful execution of Franz Kutschera, SS and Reich's Police Chief in German-occupied Warsaw, who was shot on 1 February 1944 by a combat sabotage unit of Kedyw of the Home Army (predecessor of Battalion Parasol) primarily composed by members of scouting and guiding Gray Ranks. This special action was a part of the larger Operation Heads - the code name of a series of executions of Nazi officials by the Polish Resistance.
Background
SS-Brigadeführer und Generalmajor der Polizei Franz Kutschera became SS and Police Leader of the Warsaw District on 25 September 1943. During his earlier posting in the Mogilev District of the Soviet Union he proved himself as a ruthless officer, prone to brutal and unscrupulous methods.
Soon after his arrival in Warsaw he stepped up terror measures directed against the civilian population. The number of public executions and łapanka round-ups were increased, and lists of hostages to be shot in reprisal for civil disobedience or any attack on a German soldier were published daily. These actions, based on a decree by Hans Frank, were intended to crush the will to resist among the Polish population. As a result, the Polish underground leadership included Kutschera in its "Operation Heads" list.
Kutschera's whereabouts in Warsaw were a closely guarded secret but were discovered by Aleksander Kunicki (code name "Rayski"), head of intelligence of the Agat company, while he was investigating two other assassination targets: Dr Ludwig Hahn, Chief of the Sicherheitspolizei and Sicherheitsdienst in occupied Warsaw and SS-Sturmbannführer Walter Stamm.
In the course of his surveillance of the area around the Gestapo HQ on Aleje Szucha, Rayski one day noticed an Opel Admiral limousine entering the drive of the building at Aleje Ujazdowskie number 23, which was then the SS headquarters in Warsaw (and now houses the Hungarian Embassy). The SS-man who emerged from the car wore the insignia of a general, and Rayski began to monitor his arrivals and departures from the building. The SS-man was soon identified as Kutschera, who actually lived only 150 metres away, at Aleja Róż number 2. Rayski also discovered that despite the short distance from his home to the SS headquarters, Kutschera always used his car to get there.
Preparations
Rayski filed a report about Kutschera to Kedyw commander Emil August Fieldorf (code name "Nil") and several days later Kutschera was sentenced to death by a "Special Court" of the Polish Underground State. Adam Borys (code name "Pług"), commander of the Parasol Battalion of the Armia Krajowa, selected Parasol's 1st Platoon to carry out the execution. Platoon commander Bronisław Pietraszewicz (code name "Lot") was appointed as leader of the assassination team and planned the operation in close cooperation with Pług.
The first attempt on Kutschera's life was prepared for 28 January 1944 but had to be aborted after Kutschera failed to leave his home that day. After the execution team broke up, one member of the platoon, Jan Kordulski (code name "Żbik"), was wounded by a German patrol. He was replaced in the team by Zbigniew Gęsicki (code name "Juno") and Stanisław Huskowski (code name "Ali").
The second attempt took place on the morning of 1 February 1944. The execution team was in position at 8:50am and included:
"Lot" (Bronisław Pietraszewicz) – commander and 1st executioner (armed with: MP 40 submachine gun, Vis pistol, Filipinka hand grenade).
"Ali" (Stanisław Huskowski) – second-in-command and security screen (grenades).
"Kruszynka" (Zdzisław Poradzki) – 2nd executioner (Sten submachine gun, grenades).
"Miś" (Michał Issajewicz) – 3rd executioner, driving an Adler Trumpf-Junior and armed with a Parabellum pistol and grenades.
"Cichy" (Marian Senger) – cover (Sten submachine gun, Parabellum pistol, grenades).
"Olbrzym" (Henryk Humięcki) – cover (Sten submachine gun, Parabellum pistol, grenades).
"Juno" (Zbigniew Gęsicki) – cover (Sten submachine gun, Vis pistol, hand grenades).
"Bruno" (Bronisław Hellwig) – driving an Opel Kapitän and armed with 2 Parabellums and grenades.
"Sokół" (Kazimierz Sott) – driving a Mercedes 170 V and armed with 2 Parabellums and grenades.
"Kama" (Maria Stypułkowska-Chojecka) – signals.
"Dewajtis" (Elżbieta Dziębowska) – signals.
"Hanka" (Anna Szarzyńska-Rewska) – signals.
The execution
At 9:09am Kama (who was standing near the entrance to Ujazdowski Park) signalled that Kutschera was leaving his house at Aleja Róż number 2, in his limousine. As he approached the gate of the SS HQ, he was blocked by the car driven by Miś.
Lot and Kruszynka left the car, approached the limousine and opened fire on it at close range, killing the driver and badly wounding Kutschera. Miś then exited the car as well and finished off Kutschera with a gunshot to the head. They then searched his body for documents. Meanwhile, the two other getaway vehicles moved into position and German guards stationed nearby opened fire on the executioners. An intense shootout then erupted between the Germans and the covering team (Cichy, Olbrzym and Juno). At this critical moment, Ali was unable to open his briefcase, in which several hand grenades were concealed. Cichy, Lot and Olbrzym were all wounded in the firefight.
Due to his injury, Lot's call to withdraw was not loud enough to be heard and as a result the shootout was unnecessarily prolonged, but all the executioners were able to eventually get into their cars and drive away.
The original medivac scheme failed, and a frantic search for a hospital willing to defy the Germans and operate on the heavily wounded Cichy and Lot began. It took several hours and five attempts before a hospital finally admitted them. As a result of the delay, both men died within a couple of days. Meanwhile, Sokół and Juno were intercepted while driving across the Kierbedź Bridge. After a short exchange of fire, they jumped into the Vistula river where they were shot at. Later, according to a German schupo report, the Germans recovered their bodies. Sokol was shot and had his ID with him which later caused German reprisal against his family. Juno drowned, and when his body was recovered he had no documents and could not be identified by the Germans. To help conceal Juno's identity and his connection to Operation Kutschera, the AK later took his railway hat and documents from his family in Piastow and later delivered them to a pro German Blue Police station in the suburb of Grojec city. It is unknown what the Germans did with the bodies they recovered.
Aftermath
The Germans held Kutschera's funeral ceremony in the Brühl palace. His body was then transported to Berlin on a special train. On the next day, 2 February 1944, Germans shot 300 civilian hostages in one of the last public executions in the city before the outbreak of the Warsaw Uprising. Also, Germans imposed a 100 million złoty tribute on Polish residents of Warsaw and Warsaw County.
In popular culture
The execution of Kutschera was the subject of the 1959 movie Zamach by Jerzy Passendorfer. Every year the operation is commemorated by Polish Scouts.
See also
Operation Heads
Operation Bürkl
Operation Anthropoid
References
Bibliography
Richard C. Lukas "Forgotten holocaust - The Poles under German Occupation 1939-1944" Hippocrene Books 1997
Andrew Hempel, ''Poland in World War II: An Illustrated Military History', Hippocrene Books, 2003, , Google Print, p.51-56
Description, map and photos
Interview with "Kama"
Kutschera
1944 in Poland
Mass murder in 1944
History of Warsaw
Military assassinations
Kutschera
General Government
Scouting and Guiding in Poland
1940s murders in Poland
1944 crimes in Poland
1944 murders in Europe
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayman%20Rchoq
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Ayman Rchoq
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Ayman Rchoq (Arabic:أيمن رشوق) (born 24 January 2001) is a Moroccan footballer. He currently plays as a forward for Ittihad Kalba.
Career statistics
Club
External links
References
2001 births
Living people
Moroccan footballers
Moroccan expatriate footballers
Wydad AC players
Hatta Club players
Al-Ittihad Kalba SC players
UAE Pro League players
Association football forwards
Expatriate footballers in the United Arab Emirates
Moroccan expatriate sportspeople in the United Arab Emirates
Place of birth missing (living people)
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69607932
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorry%20%282021%20film%29
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Sorry (2021 film)
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Sorry (stylized in all capitals) is a 2021 stand-up comedy concert film by Louis C.K. The special was released December 18, 2021, and was released on C.K.'s website.
Production
The show was shot in August 2021 at the Hulu Theater at Madison Square Garden.
Release
The special was self-released by C.K. via his website, available for digital download or streaming for US$10. C.K. ran an advertisement for the special during a December broadcast for Saturday Night Live. C.K. has previously hosted SNL four times.
Music
The special opens and closes with Like a Rolling Stone by Bob Dylan.
Reception
Critical reception
Lili Loufbourow of Slate reviewed that Sorry "isn't bad" and is averaging among C.K.'s works, but lacks ambition. Loufbourow said that C.K. is "repeating a lot of themes you'll recognize from other specials" and that the way his "flirtations with the offensive and the taboo work" are less successful in light of his sexual misconduct.
Reviewing a live performance of the performance at the Hulu Theatre in August, The Daily Beasts Katie Tamola lambasted it as an "insultingly unapologetic hour of material from a man who thinks that if he fits enough passive self-deprecation into his comedy, he can get away with pretty much anything". Tamola criticized jokes C.K. made about receiving sexual interest from younger women, and men being afraid of being accused of raping children. Tamola found the use of the slur faggot "uncomfortable".
Matthew Mahler of MovieWeb reviewed the special saying "His last specials have been accused of pandering to the alt-right, what with his criticism of the victims of the Parkland shooting, his rants against gender pronouns, and his bitterness toward the 'woke generation.' However, Sorry does something slightly different and actually thought-provoking rather than intentionally shocking, and has some truly hilarious moments."
Analysis
According to some observers, the title ironically refers to allegations of sexual misconduct by C.K. that were made public in 2017. Academics in The Conversation wrote that C.K.'s statement in response to the incident lacked the word "sorry", so the special's title allowed "renewed criticism for a seemingly flippant treatment of the harm that he caused".
References
External links
2021 films
2021 comedy films
American comedy films
Films shot in New York City
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieter%20Ruehle
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Dieter Ruehle
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Dieter Ruehle (born November 18, 1968) is an American musician who is the stadium organist for Major League Baseball's Los Angeles Dodgers and National Hockey League's Los Angeles Kings. As of October 2020, Ruehle has played for three championship teams in three different sports: Dodgers in 2020; Lakers in 2002, 2009 and 2010; and Kings in 2012 and 2014.
Major League work
Ruehle has been with the Kings since 1989—taking a six-year break between 1992 and 1998—and has been the Dodgers’ full-time organist since 2016, replacing Nancy Bea, whom he had filled in for since 2013. He has occasionally played organ for both teams' games in a single day. When the NHL and NBA played games in China, Ruehle played organ for the NBA games in 2013 in Beijing and Shanghai and for the NHL in 2017 in the same cities.
He played organ for the Los Angeles Lakers from 2001 to 2016, forming a working relationship with Kobe Bryant. The two worked together on Bryant's podcast "The Punies". Ruehle has also played for the San Jose Sharks for five seasons, from 1992 through 1997, and the Phoenix Coyotes for the 1997–98 season.
Other sports
Ruehle has played at five different Olympic games. He played at the Sochi Olympics with Ray Castoldi, the Madison Square Garden organist who Ruehle cites as a big influence. They ran the musical show at the Shayba Ice Arena and Bolshoy Ice Dome. His other Olympic stints were Winter 2002 in Salt Lake (Ice Hockey), Summer 2004 in Athens (Basketball), Winter 2006 in Torino (Ice Hockey), and Winter 2010 in Vancouver (Ice Hockey). He was the official tournament DJ for the US Open Men's & Women's Tennis Championships from 2006 through 2015.
Ruehle has played organ music on the video games NHL '94, NHL '95 and NHL '96 for EA Sports. Ruehle provided songs for all the team, including additional information such as "... which music was blasted during power plays, which tunes were used to celebrate goals."
Gear and technique
At Dodger Stadium, Ruehle plays a Roland Atelier AT-80s organ. He also uses an Instant Replay, a hard disc audio playback system, for in-game pre-recorded music and a compact electronic drum machine. Ruehle, along with other contemporary organists Josh Kantor and Matthew Kaminski will interact with fans over Twitter and will sometimes use his musical choices for comical effect. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Ruehle added other songs to his repertoire such as "Hush" by Deep Purple and "Enjoy the Silence" by Depeche Mode.
Early life and education
Ruehle was born in Van Nuys and grew up in North Hollywood and Burbank. His father is German American and his mother is Mexican American. He was a fan of both the Dodgers and the Kings growing up. He took classical piano lessons growing up and graduated from Burbank High School in 1986.
Ruehle was inspired by Nancy Faust, stadium organist for the Chicago White Sox. His first time playing at a Kings game was as a result of writing a letter to local TV station KABC-TV which was running a "Sports Fantasy" segment. Ruehle, who was twelve at the time, said his fantasy was to play for the Kings and he played for the team's first period. He was the organist for the Los Angeles Lazers of the Major Indoor Soccer League when he was 15, playing there until the league folded.
References
1968 births
Living people
American organists
American musicians of Mexican descent
Stadium organists
21st-century organists
Baseball people from California
Musicians from Los Angeles
People from Los Angeles
American male organists
21st-century American keyboardists
21st-century American male musicians
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavin%20Le%20Sueur
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Gavin Le Sueur
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Gavin Le Sueur (born 1959) is a sailor, doctor and writer from Australia.
Medical career
He graduated from the University of Melbourne Medical School in 1984 with Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery and Bachelor of Medical Science degrees. In the early 2000s he operated from a medical clinic in the northern Australian town of Cairns.
Sports
Le Sueur has windsurfed solo 670 nautical miles from Melbourne to Sydney (1983) and land windsurfed 715 kilometers across the Nullarbor Plain (1985).
He is also a short-handed offshore multihull sailor. He was the best competitor in the 1988 trans-Tasman yacht race. In 1988 he was rescued with three other crew from the liferaft of the catamaran D-Flawless after the vessel hit a whale and was destroyed in rough weather offshore from Port Stephens. He competed against Sir Peter Blake in the 1988 Bicentennial Two Handed Around Australia yacht race. His co-skipper aboard the 40 ft Catamaran John West was Catherine Reed and Le Sueur proposed to her on the finish line of this 8000 nautical mile race. Le Sueur has cruised and raced many catamarans throughout the Indo-Pacific. In 2011 he capsized the catamaran Top Gun/eDoc In 2013, Le Sueur crossed the Nullarbor Plain a second time by kite buggy and land surfing, accompanied by his family on land yachts.
Le Sueur has written and photographed for the magazines Multihull World and Cruising Helmsman. Since 1985 he has been the owner and director of Cyclone Publishers. From 1989 to 1992 he appeared on the Nine Network television series Australia from the outside looking in, hosted by Brian Naylor.
Personal life
Le Sueur was married to Jennifer Schlager from 1983 to 1984. He has been married to Reed since 1990. He has three children: Estelle (born 1992), Baden (born 1997) and Fletcher (born 2002).
Books
Windswept (Cyclone Publishers)
The Line (Cyclone Publishers)
Multihull Seamanship Illustrated (John Wiley & Sons)
Heavy Weather Sailing (Adlard Coles). (Multihull section.)
Multihull Seamanship (Fernhurst Books)
References
External links
1959 births
Living people
Australian general practitioners
Australian non-fiction writers
Australian photographers
Australian television personalities
Australian windsurfers
Australian male sailors (sport)
Magazine writers
University of Melbourne alumni
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47450501
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster%20Scholars%20War%20Memorial
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Westminster Scholars War Memorial
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The Westminster Scholars War Memorial, also known as the Crimea and Indian Mutiny Memorial, is an 1861 memorial in London. It commemorates 19 former pupils of Westminster School who died in two wars: ten in the Crimean War of 1854-56, and nine in the Indian Mutiny of 1857-58. It was designed in High Victorian Gothic style by George Gilbert Scott, who was Surveyor of the Fabric of Westminster Abbey from 1849 to 1878.
The memorial is installed on a triangular plot outside the west entrance to Westminster Abbey, and north of the gatehouse leading to Dean's Yard. It stands near where Broad Sanctuary to the north becomes Victoria Street to the west, with a short road The Sanctuary running to the south and east.
It became a Grade II listed building in 1958. Westminster Abbey and the Dean's Yard gatehouse (also designed by Scott in Gothic style, and constructed in 1853-54) are each separately listed, at Grade I and Grade II respectively. Westminster School is still based in the Abbey's precincts.
Description
The memorial comprises a tall pink Peterhead granite pillar, carved with a ring of blank shields about half way up, topped by a Portland stone capital and statues. The statue atop the column was carved by J. R. Clayton and depict St George slaying the dragon, below which is a lantern tier with four Gothic niches, housing statues of St Edward the Confessor (facing east), Henry III (west), Elizabeth I (south) and Queen Victoria (north), all carved by J. Birnie Philip, above a highly decorated floral capital. The pillar stands on a stone base with four granite pilasters, each topped by a stone statue of a lion, resting on three octagonal steps, ringed by iron railings. The base stands about high, with the column and statues another on top.
Inscriptions
An inscription on the memorial's north side reads:
Its south side displays the text:
An inscription on its west side reads:
The opposite (east) side's inscription says:
See also
1861 in art
References
Crimean War and Indian Mutiny Memorial, National Heritage List for England, Historic England
Westminster School - Crimea and Indian Mutiny Memorial, War Memorials Register, Imperial War Museums
Westminster Scholars Memorial, War Memorials Online
External links
The Westminster Column – Westminster (London, UK) at Waymarking
Westminster Scholars Memorial – The Sanctuary, Westminster, London, UK at Waymarking
1861 establishments in England
1861 sculptures
Grade II listed buildings in the City of Westminster
Grade II listed statues in the City of Westminster
Monuments and memorials in London
Outdoor sculptures in London
Sculptures of lions
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55748171
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoressa%20decorata
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Thoressa decorata
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Thoressa decorata, the decorated ace, is a butterfly belonging to the family Hesperiidae. It was first described by Frederic Moore in 1881 and is endemic to Sri Lanka in the Indomalayan realm.
References
e
Butterflies described in 1881
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25606547
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McKillop%20%28surname%29
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McKillop (surname)
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McKillop is an English language surname derived from the Gaelic MacFhilib, meaning "son of Filib" (a Gaelic form of Philip).
There were families of MacKillops on the Isle of Arran; there were also families in Argyll who were a sept of the MacDonalds of Glencoe; others in Inverness-shire were a sept of the McDonnells of Keppoch. MacKillops were also standard-bearers to the Campbells of Dunstaffnage, in Argyll. The MacKillops of Berneray, North Uist are known in Scottish Gaelic as MacPhàic; they were associated with the MacLeods.
The McKillops migrated to the northern Glens of Antrim during the Plantation of Ulster in the early 17th century. The surname is common around Loughguile, Cushendall and Ballycastle.
List of persons with the surname McKillop
A. B. McKillop (born 1946), Chancellor's Professor and Chair of the history department of Carleton University in Ottawa
Bob McKillop (born 1950), head coach of the men's basketball team at Davidson College
Don McKillop (1929–2005), English actor
Heather McKillop (born 1953), Canadian-American archaeologist
Hugh Cummings McKillop (1872–1937), Canadian politician
Lee Mack (real name: Lee Gordon McKillop) (born 1969), English stand-up comedian
Michael McKillop (born 1990), Irish athlete
Patricia McKillop (born 1956), former field hockey player from Zimbabwe
Rob McKillop, bassist who once played for the thrash metal band Exodus
Scott McKillop (born 1986), American football linebacker for the San Francisco 49ers
Tom McKillop (born 1943), CEO
Tom McKillop (footballer) (1917–2000), Scottish footballer
William McKillop (1860–1909), Irish nationalist
List of persons with the surname MacKillop or Mackillop
Douglas MacKillop (1891–1959), British diplomat
Mary MacKillop (1842–1909), Australian saint of the Catholic Church
Robert MacKillop (born 1959), Scottish musician
References
Anglicised Scottish Gaelic-language surnames
Patronymic surnames
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57222617
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoconocephalus%20nebrascensis
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Neoconocephalus nebrascensis
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Neoconocephalus nebrascensis, the Nebraska conehead, is a species of conehead in the family Tettigoniidae. It is found in North America.
References
nebrascensis
Articles created by Qbugbot
Insects described in 1891
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17529272
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art%20Hagan
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Art Hagan
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Arthur Charles Hagan (March 17, 1863 – March 25, 1936) was an American Major League Baseball player who pitched for two seasons; Philadelphia Quakers of the National League in , and with the Buffalo Bisons in both 1883 and .
On August 21, 1883, when the Quakers traveled to Providence, Rhode Island to play the Providence Grays, Manager Bob Ferguson, needed to increase ticket sales on the road because the American Association entry in Philadelphia had forced the Quakers to reduce prices to 25 cents a game. He gave the starting pitcher duties to Art, who was Rhode Island native, with the idea that Hagen's appearance would draw the locals. The strategy worked as the fans came in large numbers. However, Hagen surrendered 28 runs and the Quakers made 20 errors behind him, as Philadelphia lost in the most lopsided shutout in major league history, 28–0. Charles "Old Hoss" Radbourn was the winning pitcher.
Art died at the age of 73 in his hometown of Providence, and is interred at St. Ann Cemetery in Cranston, Rhode Island.
References
External links
1863 births
1936 deaths
Baseball players from Providence, Rhode Island
Major League Baseball pitchers
19th-century baseball players
Philadelphia Quakers players
Buffalo Bisons (NL) players
Waterbury (minor league baseball) players
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39116559
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eupithecia%20transalaiensis
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Eupithecia transalaiensis
|
Eupithecia transalaiensis is a moth in the family Geometridae.
References
Moths described in 1988
transalaiensis
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114232
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hull%2C%20Iowa
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Hull, Iowa
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Hull is a city in Sioux County, Iowa, United States. The population was 2,384 at the time of the 2020 census.
History
The city was incorporated on May 15, 1886. Hull was named for John A. T. Hull, a member of the United States House of Representatives from Iowa. It was previously named Pattersonville for John G. Patterson, before changing its name to Winland then finally Hull in the 1880s.
In 1993, The Foreign Candy Company of Hull became the first American firm to import Warheads (candy).
In 2004, Hull received a $400,000 grant from Vision Iowa to build the Pattersonville Park and Cultural Center. Some of the money was returned in 2011 because the park had not been constructed.
Geography
Hull is located at (43.190203, -96.134390).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, 2,175 people, 741 households, and 577 families resided in the city. The population density was . The 764 housing units averaged . The racial makeup of the city was 92.6% White, 0.4% African American, 0.6% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 5.1% from other races, and 0.7% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 9.1% of the population.
Of the 741 households, 38.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.7% were married couples living together, 3.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 22.1% were not families. About 20.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.85 and the average family size was 3.30.
The median age in the city was 32.5 years; 30.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25% were from 25 to 44; 20.3% were from 45 to 64; and 15.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.8% male and 50.2% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,960 people, 682 households, and 527 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,638.4 people per square mile (630.6/km2). There were 709 housing units at an average density of 592.7 per square mile (228.1/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 94.34% White, 0.05% African American, 1.12% Asian, 3.78% from other races, and 0.71% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.28% of the population.
There were 682 households, out of which 40.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 72.7% were married couples living together, 2.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.7% were non-families. 21.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.80 and the average family size was 3.30.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 30.7% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 24.5% from 25 to 44, 17.9% from 45 to 64, and 18.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.5 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $38,269, and the median income for a family was $43,919. Males had a median income of $31,100 versus $17,991 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,153. About 6.1% of families and 8.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.5% of those under age 18 and 10.5% of those age 65 or over.
Schools
Boyden–Hull Community School District includes Hull in its boundary, and operates Boyden-Hull Elementary School in Boyden, and Boyden–Hull Junior/High School in Hull; the latter houses the district's headquarters.
Area private schools:
Hull Christian School
Hull Protestant Reformed Christian School
Trinity Christian High School
Western Christian High School
Economy
Agriculture
Located in Northwest Iowa, much of Hull's economy is centered around the agricultural industry, either directly or indirectly. Agropur Cooperative is located in Hull and is the largest employer. The Foreign Candy Company, distributors of Warheads sour candy and other sweets, was started in Hull in 1978. The Pizza Ranch restaurant chain was founded in Hull in 1981. A Subway opened in February 2013. The Hull Co-op Society provides a number of agricultural services to Hull and surrounding areas, including a grain elevator, feed mill, and custom spraying. Other businesses include Hull Feed and Produce which provides feed mill services, and Hull Veterinary Clinic.
Finance
Two banks have branches in Hull: Iowa State Bank and American State Bank. Iowa State Bank started as Baumann Brothers Bank in 1879. Ten years later, it was renamed Iowa State Bank. It closed for a short period during the Great Depression and was reopened in 1934. American State Bank moved to Hull in 2004, and constructed a new building in 2007. It also has branches in Alvord, Granville, Hospers, and Sioux Center. It is the largest bank in Sioux County.
Notable people
Dwayne Alons, member of the Iowa State House of Representatives
Randy Feenstra, member of the Iowa Senate and United States House of Representatives
Nancy Metcalf, American indoor volleyball player
Wilmon Newell, entomologist
William Earl Rowe, 20th lieutenant governor of Ontario, Canada
Alexander Grant Ruthven, president of the University of Michigan from 1929–1951.
References
External links
Official City Website
City Data
Cities in Iowa
Cities in Sioux County, Iowa
Populated places established in 1886
1886 establishments in Iowa
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35740348
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Ronnie%20Prophet%20Show
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The Ronnie Prophet Show
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The Ronnie Prophet Show was a Canadian music variety television series which aired on CBC Television in 1974.
Premise
Ronnie Prophet, who hosted the 1973 Country Roads series, was featured in this mid-season replacement of The Tommy Hunter Show. Series regulars included The Dave Woods Brass, vocal trio The Peaches and actor Heath Lamberts. Bob Farrar was the series musical director.
Scheduling
This hour-long series was broadcast on Fridays at 9:00 p.m. (Eastern) from 21 June to 6 September 1974.
References
External links
CBC Television original programming
1974 Canadian television series debuts
1974 Canadian television series endings
1970s Canadian variety television series
1970s Canadian music television series
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36744652
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanoh%20Benie
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Tanoh Benie
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Tanoh Rosalie Benie (born 21 December 1993, in Mpody-Anyama) is an Ivorian freestyle wrestler. She competed in the freestyle 48 kg event at the 2012 Summer Olympics and was eliminated in the 1/8 finals by Isabelle Sambou.
References
External links
1993 births
Living people
Ivorian female sport wrestlers
Olympic wrestlers of Ivory Coast
Wrestlers at the 2012 Summer Olympics
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52772604
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharatyan
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Kharatyan
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Kharatyan () is an Armenian surname that may refer to
Dmitry Kharatyan (born 1960), Russian actor of Armenian descent
Hranush Kharatyan (born 1952), Armenian ethnographer
Rudolf Kharatyan (born 1947), Armenian ballet dancer, choreographer and painter
Armenian-language surnames
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53071375
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014%20in%20Absolute%20Championship%20Berkut
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2014 in Absolute Championship Berkut
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The year 2014 was the second year in the history of the Absolute Championship Berkut, a mixed martial arts promotion based in Russia. 2014 started with Absolute Championship Berkut 1. It started broadcasting through a television agreement with Match TV.
List of events
Mixed martial arts
ACB 1: Grand Prix Berkut 2014
Absolute Championship Berkut 1: Grand Prix Berkut 2014 was a mixed martial arts event held by Absolute Championship Berkut on March 2, 2014 at the Fight club Berkut in Grozny, Russia.
Results
ACB 2: Grand Prix Berkut 2014
Absolute Championship Berkut 2: Grand Prix Berkut 2014 was a mixed martial arts event held by Absolute Championship Berkut on March 9, 2014 at the Fight club Berkut in Grozny, Russia.
Results
ACB 3: Grand Prix Berkut 2014
Absolute Championship Berkut 3: Grand Prix Berkut 2014 was a mixed martial arts event held by Absolute Championship Berkut on March 16, 2014 at the Fight club Berkut in Grozny, Russia.
ACB 4: Grand Prix Berkut 2014
Absolute Championship Berkut 4: Grand Prix Berkut 2014 was a mixed martial arts event held by Absolute Championship Berkut on March 30, 2014 at the Fight club Berkut in Grozny, Russia.
Results
ACB 5: Grand Prix Berkut 2014
Absolute Championship Berkut 5: Grand Prix Berkut 2014 was a mixed martial arts event held by Absolute Championship Berkut on April 6, 2014 at the Fight club Berkut in Grozny, Russia.
Results
ACB 6: Grand Prix Berkut 2014
Absolute Championship Berkut 6: Grand Prix Berkut 2014 was a mixed martial arts event held by Absolute Championship Berkut on April 20, 2014 at the Fight club Berkut in Grozny, Russia.
Results
ACB 7: Grand Prix Berkut 2014
Absolute Championship Berkut 7: Grand Prix Berkut 2014 was a mixed martial arts event held by Absolute Championship Berkut on May 18, 2014, at the Fight club Berkut in Grozny, Russia.
Results
ACB 8: Grand Prix Berkut 2014
Absolute Championship Berkut 8: Grand Prix Berkut 2014 was a mixed martial arts event held by Absolute Championship Berkut on May 25, 2014, at the Fight club Berkut in Grozny, Russia.
Results
ACB 9: Grand Prix Berkut 2014
Absolute Championship Berkut 9: Grand Prix Berkut 2014 was a mixed martial arts event held by Absolute Championship Berkut on June 22, 2014, at the Fight club Berkut in Grozny, Russia.
Results
ACB 10: Coliseum Time
Absolute Championship Berkut 10: Coliseum Time was a mixed martial arts event held by Absolute Championship Berkut on October 4, 2014 at the Fight club Berkut in Grozny, Russia.
Results
ACB 11: Vol. 1
Absolute Championship Berkut 11: Vol. 1 was a mixed martial arts event held by Absolute Championship Berkut on November 14, 2014 at the Fight club Berkut in Grozny, Russia.
Results
ACB 11: Vol. 2
Absolute Championship Berkut 11: Vol. 2 was a mixed martial arts event held by Absolute Championship Berkut on November 15, 2014 at the Fight club Berkut in Grozny, Russia.
Results
M-1 Challenge 54 / ACB 12
M-1 Challenge 54 / Absolute Championship Berkut 12 was a mixed martial arts event held by M-1 Global and Absolute Championship Berkut on December 17, 2014 at the Ice Palace in Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Results
References
Absolute Championship Akhmat
2014 in mixed martial arts
Absolute Championship Berkut events
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44053038
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed%20Taymour
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Ahmed Taymour
|
Ahmed Tawfik Taymour Pasha (1871–1930) was an Egyptian writer and historian. Taymour Pasha was born on 6 November 1871 in Cairo to a family of the Egyptian elite, his father Isma'il Taymur being of Kurdish origin and his mother of Turkish descent.
Biography
Isma'il Taymur was a member of the royal entourage of the Muhammad Ali dynasty, which was of Albanian origin. The family's Turco-Circassian background was common among the Egyptian elite.
Ahmed was educated by his elder sister, Aisha Taymur (1840–1902), a social activist, poet and novelist, active in the field of women's rights and her husband Muhammad Tawfiq. For some years, he was a student at the French School, but did not finish it with a degree. He stead home, where he learned Turkish and Persian. Before he reached his 20th birthday, he began his career as a writer. His house became a meeting place for many cultured men of his time who discussed literature, modern sciences and politics.
He was widowed early when his wife died of measles, and he left his family's house in Cairo to the nearby countryside. He focused on the education of his two sons, Muhammad and Mahmud Taymur who gained fame as a playwright and as a novelist, respectively. As a wealthy scholar and bibliophile Ahmed encouraged their literary pursuits.
Aisha had been influenced by the Ottoman age notion of 'pure aesthetics'. Ahmed's outlook was more on the search of a renewed Arab Golden Age, which was common among Egyptian intellectuals after the 1882 British Rule in Egypt. He however as a man of "many letters" pioneered the study of folklore and folkart, including the shadow play tradition, that had spread during the Ottoman period.
Taymour Pasha wrote among others, the following six books in Arabic:
A'lam al-muhandisin fi 'l-Islam –Eminent Geometers, (Architects and Artists) in Islam (أعلام المهندسين في الإسلام)
al-Amthal al-'ammiyya – Colloquial Proverbs (الأمثال العامية)
al-Athar an-nabawiyya – The Prophet's Traces (الآثار النبوية)
al-Hubb 'inda 'l-'Arab – Love among Arabs (الحب عند العرب)
Dabt al-a'lam – Survey of Eminent Personalities (ضبط الأعلام)
La'b al-'Arab – Games of the Arabs (لعب العرب)
Heritage and honors
He spent his large inherited fortune mostly on books and scripts. He bequeathed his library of more than 20,000 books to public use to the Egyptian National Library. It contains rare Arabic masterpieces. He was well versed in literature, linguistics and Arab history and a member of the prestigious Arab Academy of Damascus.
References
Folklorists
Egyptian novelists
Egyptian male poets
1871 births
1930 deaths
Egyptian people of Kurdish descent
Egyptian people of Turkish descent
Egyptian historians
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43225242
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyphia
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Cyphia
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Cyphia is a genus of flowering plants in the bellflower family, native to Africa.
Accepted species:
Cyphia alba N.E.Br. – Zimbabwe
Cyphia alicedalensis E.Wimm. in H.G.A.Engler – South Africa
Cyphia angustifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. ex C.Presl in C.F.Eklon & K.L.P.Zeyher – South Africa
Cyphia aspergilloides E.Wimm. – South Africa
Cyphia basiloba E.Wimm. in H.G.A.Engler – South Africa
Cyphia belfastica E.Wimm. in H.G.A.Engler – South Africa
Cyphia bolusii E.Phillips – Swaziland
Cyphia brachyandra Thulin – Tanzania, Malawi
Cyphia brevifolia Thulin – Angola
Cyphia brummittii Thulin – Malawi
Cyphia bulbosa (L.) P.J.Bergius – South Africa
Cyphia comptonii Bond – South Africa
Cyphia corylifolia Harv. – KwaZulu-Natal
Cyphia couroublei Bamps & Malaisse – Zaïre
Cyphia crenata (Thunb.) C.Presl – South Africa
Cyphia decora Thulin – Malawi
Cyphia deltoidea E.Wimm. in H.G.A.Engler – KwaZulu-Natal
Cyphia digitata (Thunb.) Willd. – Namibia, South Africa
Cyphia elata Harv – South Africa, Lesotho, Swaziland
Cyphia erecta De Wild. – Tanzania, Zambia, Zaïre, Malawi
Cyphia eritreana E.Wimm. in H.G.A.Engler – Eritrea, Ethiopia
Cyphia galpinii E.Wimm. in H.G.A.Engler – South Africa
Cyphia gamopetala J.Duvign. & Denaeyer – Zaïre
Cyphia georgica E.Wimm. in H.G.A.Engler – South Africa
Cyphia glabra E.Wimm. – South Africa
Cyphia glandulifera Hochst. ex A.Rich. – Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Malawi
Cyphia heterophylla C.Presl in C.F.Eklon & K.L.P.Zeyher – South Africa
Cyphia incisa (Thunb.) Willd. – South Africa
Cyphia lasiandra Diels – Zaïre, Burundi, Tanzania, Angola, Malawi, Mozambique
Cyphia linarioides C.Presl in C.F.Eklon & K.L.P.Zeyher – South Africa
Cyphia longiflora Schltr. – South Africa
Cyphia longifolia N.E.Br. – South Africa
Cyphia longilobata E.Phillips – South Africa
Cyphia longipedicellata E.Wimm. – South Africa
Cyphia maculosa E.Phillips – South Africa
Cyphia mafingensis Thulin – Malawi
Cyphia mazoensis S.Moore – Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Cyphia natalensis E.Phillips – KwaZulu-Natal
Cyphia nyikensis Thulin – Malawi
Cyphia oligotricha Schltr. – South Africa
Cyphia pectinata E.Wimm. in H.G.A.Engler – Swaziland
Cyphia persicifolia C.Presl in E.H.F.Meyer – South Africa
Cyphia phillipsii E.Wimm. in H.G.A.Engler – South Africa
Cyphia phyteuma (L.) Willd. – South Africa
Cyphia ramosa E.Wimm. in H.G.A.Engler – Free State
Cyphia reducta E.Wimm. – Zimbabwe, Mozambique
Cyphia revoluta E.Wimm. in H.G.A.Engler – South Africa
Cyphia richardsiae E.Wimm. in H.G.A.Engler – Tanzania, Zaïre, Malawi
Cyphia rogersii S.Moore – Swaziland, South Africa
Cyphia rupestris E.Wimm. in H.G.A.Engler – Tanzania
Cyphia salteri E.Wimm. in H.G.A.Engler – South Africa
Cyphia schlechteri E.Phillips – South Africa
Cyphia smutsii E.Wimm. in H.G.A.Engler – South Africa
Cyphia stenodonta E.Wimm. in H.G.A.Engler – South Africa
Cyphia stenopetala Diels – South Africa, Botswana
Cyphia stenophylla (E.Wimm.) E.Wimm. in H.G.A.Engler – South Africa
Cyphia stheno Webb in W.J.Hooker – Angola
Cyphia subtubulata E.Wimm. in H.G.A.Engler – South Africa
Cyphia sylvatica Eckl. & Zeyh. – South Africa, Namibia
Cyphia tenera Diels – South Africa
Cyphia transvaalensis E.Phillips – South Africa
Cyphia triphylla E.Phillips – Lesotho, South Africa
Cyphia tysonii E.Phillips – South Africa
Cyphia ubenensis Engl. – Tanzania
Cyphia undulata Eckl. ex C.Presl in C.F.Eklon & K.L.P.Zeyher – South Africa
Cyphia volubilis (Burm.f.) Willd. – South Africa
Cyphia zeyheriana C.Presl in C.F.Eklon & K.L.P.Zeyher – South Africa
References
Cyphioideae
Campanulaceae genera
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690670
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yugoslav%20First%20League
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Yugoslav First League
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The Yugoslav First Federal Football League (Serbian: Прва савезна лига у фудбалу / Prva savezna liga u fudbalu, , , , ), was the premier football league in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1941) and Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1992).
The First League Championship was one of two national competitions held annually in Yugoslavia, the Yugoslav Cup being the other.
The league became fully professional in 1967.
The UEFA recognised successor league of the Yugoslav First League, the First League of FR Yugoslavia, despite the succession and same name "Prva savezna liga", it is covered in a separate article.
Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1923–1940)
This was the first club competition on a national level for clubs from Kingdom of Yugoslavia (named the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes until 1930). The league was started in 1923 and the first four seasons had a cup tournament format, while the first round-robin league competition was held in 1927. In the period from 1927 to 1940 seventeen seasons were completed, with all the titles won by clubs from Croatia (Građanski Zagreb, Concordia Zagreb, HAŠK Zagreb and Hajduk Split) or Serbia (BSK Belgrade and Jugoslavija Belgrade).
It was governed at first by the Croatian-named Nogometni Savez Jugoslavije (Football Association of Yugoslavia), founded in April 1919 in Zagreb, until in late 1929 disagreements arose between the Zagreb and Belgrade branches of the association. This resulted in the association headquarters being moved to Belgrade in May 1930 where it adopted the Serbian name Fudbalski Savez Jugoslavije and continued operating the league until it was suspended due to the outbreak of World War II. Consequently, with the moving of headquarters, Croatian players and coaches boycotted Yugoslav national team. With the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia, separate Croatian and Serbian leagues were established, which operated during the World War II.
Champions and top scorers
Performance by clubs
World War II competitions
Serbian Football League (1940–44), in Serbia (Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia)
SFR Yugoslavia (1945–1992)
Champions and top scorers
Titles by club
Titles by republic
Performance by club
*Known as BSK Belgrade before 1957
All-Time First Yugoslav League table
Top 12 only:
Best finish in Europe by club
Table only shows best-finish achievements in major European/Intercontinental competitions during the SFR Yugoslavia period (1945–1992).
No minor European tournaments (like Mitropa Cup) included.
Table sorted by success at European Cup / UEFA Champions League first and foremost.
While the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup is recognised as the predecessor to the UEFA Cup, it was not organised by UEFA. Consequently, UEFA do not consider clubs' records in the Fairs Cup to be part of their European record. However, FIFA do view the competition as a major honour.
All time top goalscorers
Complete list of players who scored 100 goals or more in the 1946-1992 SFR Yugoslavia period.Source: RSSSF; Last updated 14 December 2007
Notable clubs (at least 10 top-flight seasons or at least one title)
Over the years the Yugoslav First League featured many different teams, but there were always a number of teams that stood out, typically from the bigger cities. Among these were:
UEFA coefficients
The following data indicates historical Yugoslav coefficient rankings among European football leagues.
Successor leagues
The 1990–91 season was the last season held in its usual format, with clubs from all federative units participating in the championship. The breakup of the country also broke up its top-flight league into several smaller ones.
Slovenia and Croatia depart
In June 1991 Slovenia declared independence and Croatia followed suit in October of the same year. This meant that their football associations separated from the Football Association of Yugoslavia so they both started their own football leagues. The Slovenian PrvaLiga was launched in late 1991, while the Croatian Prva HNL saw its first edition in 1992. Affected by the ongoing war in Croatia, the season was held over the course of a single calendar year, from February to June 1992. Both leagues have been going on ever since.
1991–92 season
The 1991–92 season was the last season held officially under the name of SFR Yugoslavia, even though Slovenian and Croatian clubs have already abandoned the competition to play in their own leagues. Clubs from the remaining four federative units all took part in the competition, but since the Bosnian War broke out towards the end of the season, Bosnian clubs never finished it, with Željezničar of Sarajevo only managed to play 17 out of 33 scheduled fixtures, while Sloboda Tuzla and Velež Mostar ended the season with a few games short of completing the season. Still, since most of the games were played as planned, Crvena Zvezda of Belgrade is credited with winning the last Yugoslav First League championship.
Macedonia and FR Yugoslavia
Macedonian clubs abandoned the competition after the 1991–92 season because the new Macedonian First League was launched the following season. For the 1992–93 season Bosnian clubs were all on hiatus due to full blown fighting that developed there, with the sole exception of Borac of Banja Luka (the strongest Bosnian Serb side at the time) which temporarily moved to Belgrade and joined the newly formed league featuring clubs from Serbia and Montenegro, this time restyled as the First League of FR Yugoslavia. (Serbia and Montenegro, the only ones left after other four member republics declared independence, renamed their country Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.) The league lasted under that name until the 2002–03 season, when the country changed its name so the league was renamed First League of Serbia and Montenegro. Finally, in June 2006 Montenegro declared independence and peacefully departed the union, so from the 2006–07 season onwards Montenegro started operating separate top-flight football league supervised by its football association. On the other hand, as the legal successor of Serbia-Montenegro state union, Serbia also got the continuity of the country's league that was formed as Prva liga (First League) in 1992, and renamed and rebranded as Superliga in summer 2005.
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina proclaimed independence in late winter 1992, and already in April same year N/FSBiH applied for membership with FIFA and UEFA. Meanwhile, due to the outbreak of Bosnian War in April 1992 no games were played in the 1992–93 season. In late 1993 some parts of the country re-launched football competitions with reduced scope. But just as the country was divided along ethnic lines, so was football.
In 1993 Bosnian Croats launched the First League of Herzeg-Bosnia in which only Croatian clubs competed on parochial scale within the limits of West Herzegovina and few other enclaves. In the same year Bosnian Serbs also organized their own First League of the Republika Srpska, on a territory held by Republika Srpska regime at the time.
Only football on a territory under the control of then Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina institutions and auspices of N/FSBiH, at the time consequently with Bosniak majority, apart from a brief competition for the season 1994–95 (won by Čelik Zenica), came to a standstill.
Competition under auspices of N/FSBiH did not resume until 1995–96 season when the First League of Bosnia and Herzegovina was launched.
These three separate football leagues were operating in Bosnia and Herzegovina until 1998, and 2000. Since FIFA and UEFA showed support only for the association operating under patronage of the official and internationally recognized state institutions, during the war and prior to Dayton Peace Agreement as well as after its signage, they endorsed unification of all three organizations as N/FSBiH. This also came as a consequence of FIFA decision to recognize N/FSBiH already in July 1996, while in the same year UEFA admitted N/FSBiH as an adjacent member until 1998 when they recognized its full membership. This meant that only N/FSBiH clubs and its national team could compete at the international and official level.
Final unification has been preceded by several stages. At first was created a playoff where clubs were playing for the champion under N/FSBiH auspices. Idea was that playoff under unified N/FSBiH auspices should bring together clubs competing under three separate organizations for the first time but was rejected by Serb association, leaving clubs from Croat football association and N/FSBiH participating playoff for the seasons 1997–98 and 1999–00, while 1998–99 playoff was canceled due to Croat's association hesitation on the decision on which stadiums games should be played. Next season playoff was resumed for the last time prior to full and final agreement on unified N/FSBiH and its competition, Premier League BiH (Premijer Liga), in the fall 2000. However, the first 2000–01 season seen clubs from Federation of BiH only, while clubs from Republic of Srpska entity continue to compete in their own separate league as their entity association still refused to join agreed unified N/FSBiH and its new competition. However, UEFA and FIFA never intended to recognize this separate organization nor its competition, which meant clubs couldn't compete outside territory of the entity and wouldn't see any international football. This situation forced clubs to insist that their organization also join N/FSBiH, and two years later they became part of the competition for the season 2002–03. Ever since the year 2000 Premier League is the top tier of Bosnia and Herzegovina football, with two entity-based leagues, First League of Republika Srpska and First League of the Federation of BiH, being pushed to the second tier of the football pyramid and serve as feeder leagues to Premier League.
Today's top flight successors
→ Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2000–present; from 1994 to 2000 had a First League of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
→ Prva HNL (1992–present)
→ Football Superleague of Kosovo (2016–present)
→ Macedonian First League (1992–present)
→ Montenegrin First League (2006–present; from 1992 to 2006 had a joint league with Serbia)
→ Serbian SuperLiga (2006–present, from 1992 to 2006 had a joint league with Montenegro)
→ Slovenian PrvaLiga (1991–present)
UEFA recognised FR Yugoslavia and subsequently Serbia as the only official successor of Yugoslavia and consequently the clubs from FR Yugoslavia kept the ranking and ponctuation within UEFA.
See also
Yugoslav Cup
Serbian Football League (1940–44)
Football Association of Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia national football team
Notes and references
Notes
{| style="margin-left:13px; line-height:150%"
|align="right" valign="top"|A.
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References
Yugoslavia
1
Sports leagues established in 1923
1923 establishments in Yugoslavia
1992 disestablishments
football
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49096561
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai%20WR%20railway%20division
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Mumbai WR railway division
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Mumbai WR railway division is one of the six railway divisions under Western Railway zone of Indian Railways. This railway division was formed on 5 November 1951 and its headquarter is located at Mumbai Central in the state of Maharashtra of India.
Vadodara railway division, Ahmedabad railway division, Bhavnagar railway division, Rajkot railway division and Ratlam railway division are the other five railway divisions under WR Zone headquartered at Churchgate, Mumbai.
List of railway stations and towns
The list includes the stations under the Mumbai Central railway division and their station category.
References
Divisions of Indian Railways
1951 establishments in Bombay State
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2476484
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argonaut%20class%20reactor
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Argonaut class reactor
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The Argonaut class reactor is a design of small nuclear research reactor. Many have been built throughout the world, over a wide range of power levels. Its functions are to teach nuclear reactor theory, nuclear physics and for use in engineering laboratory experiments.
Description
The original Argonaut (Argonne Nuclear Assembly for University Training) was built at Argonne National Laboratory and went critical for the first time on February 9, 1957. It was shut down in 1972. This reactor was rated for 10 kilowatts.
See also
UF Training Reactor
More Hall Annex
Citations
References
Further reading
Argonne National Laboratory
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21263557
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82a%20B%C5%82otna
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Biała Błotna
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Biała Błotna is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kroczyce, within Zawiercie County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately north-east of Kroczyce, north-east of Zawiercie, and north-east of the regional capital Katowice.
References
Villages in Zawiercie County
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17399367
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land%20Rover%20Perentie
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Land Rover Perentie
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The Land Rover Perentie is a nickname for the Land Rover 110 produced by JRA Limited for the Australian Army, and part manufactured and assembled in Moorebank, New South Wales, during the 1980s and 1990s. There were two build contracts; the first was in 1988 and the second a decade later. The Perentie was based on the Land Rover Defender 110, and was introduced in 1987 to replace the ageing fleet of Series 2A and 3 Land Rovers. The Land Rover Perenties were produced in 4 x 4 and 6 x 6 variants and powered by an Isuzu 3.9-litre four-cylinder 4BD1 diesel engine or 4BD1-T turbo (see List of Isuzu engines). They have proven themselves both in Australia and on operations overseas, including in Somalia, Timor Leste, the Solomon Islands, Iraq and Afghanistan.
Design
The major differences between the Land Rover Perentie and British Land Rovers are the relocation of the spare wheel to a position under the rear of the load area, a galvanised chassis and the Isuzu engine. The original army contract called for a variety of unusual features including being able to sustain being hung from a helicopter by one corner without causing the chassis to distort. The 6 x 6 version has a wider cab and load-sharing leaf-sprung rear axles. The 6 x 6 also has a turbocharger. The original order was for 2,500 4 x 4 and 400 6 x 6 vehicles between 1987 and 1990, while further vehicles were later added under Project Bushranger.
History
The name Perentie originates from Land Rover's successful tender to Project Perentie, which was the official Australian Army trial to select new 1 and 2-tonne light vehicles. During the Project Perentie trials the Land Rover/Isuzu 110 and 6 x 6 variants were compared against the Jeep AM10, the Mercedes-Benz 300GD and the Unimog, while the Toyota Land Cruiser was evaluated two years later. The origins of the name comes from the Perentie (Varanus giganteus) lizard species, which is the largest goanna lizard native to Australia.
As of February 2013 the Perenties are being disposed of, with the remaining in-service units being replaced by Mercedes-Benz G-Wagons under Project Land 121.
The Defender has proven to be vulnerable to land mines and improvised explosive devices, and the army's new specification calls for optional armour. The Army Perenties are being replaced with unarmoured Mercedes G-Wagens.
"Land Rover vehicles built for the ADF under the Perentie (1984–92) and Bushranger contracts (1992–98) were specially designed 4x4 and 6x6 vehicles built at either Moorebank (Perentie) or Adelaide (Bushranger) and had different power units and transmission systems to the Solihull-built, Defender-based Land Rover 110 vehicles now commissioned. George Fowler, LRA engineering, who is responsible for the development of this latest production-based Land Rover 110, said the order for the new TD5 Defender was a breakthrough for LRA in the ADF vehicle procurement program."
"The ADF has decided to use a production vehicle which is designed for a ten-year period of service. This decision recognises the increased levels of reliability and durability of a Solihull-production Defender 110, with the new Td5 power unit."
"George Fowler and his team of engineers developed a concept vehicle, based on a production Land Rover 110, that was similar to existing Perentie and Bushranger Land Rover 4x4 vehicles in terms of driver control layout and ancillary equipment."
Variants
4X4 Variants
Truck, Utility, Lightweight, MC2 (Mobility Category 2) (1222 Vehicles)
Truck, Utility, Lightweight, Winch, MC2 (314 Vehicles)
Truck, Utility, Lightweight, FFR (Fitted For Radio), MC2 (964 Vehicles)
Truck, Utility, Lightweight, FFR, Winch, MC2 (208 Vehicles)
Truck, Panel, Lightweight, Survey, FFR, Winch, MC2 (35 Vehicles)
Truck, Carryall, Lightweight, Senior Commander, FFR, Winch, MC2 (11 Vehicles)
Truck, Carryall, Lightweight, Personnel Carrier, MC2 (38 Vehicles)
Truck, Surveillance, Lightweight, Winch, MC2 (RFSV, Regional Forces Surveillance Vehicle) (231 Vehicles)
6X6 Variants
Truck, Cargo, Light, MC2 (215 Vehicles)
Truck, Cargo, Light, Winch, MC2 (32 Vehicles)
Truck, Ambulance, 4 Litter, FFR, Winch, MC2 (94 Vehicles)
Truck, General Maintenance, Light, Winch, MC2 (GMV) (181 Vehicles)
Truck, Electronic Repair, Light, MC2 (ERV) (40 Vehicles) and Truck, Comsec Repair Workshop *Vehicle, Light, MC2 (12 Vehicles)
Truck, Long Range Patrol, Light, Winch, MC2 (LRPV) (27 Vehicles)
Truck, Air Defence, Light, FFR, Winch, MC2 (72 Vehicles)
Truck, Crew Cab, Light, Winch, MC2 (26 Vehicles)
Truck, Infantry Improvised Mobility Vehicle, MC2 (number unknown)
See also
Land Rover Wolf
Land Rover 1/2 ton Lightweight
Land Rover Defender
References
External links
Perentie
Cars of Australia
Military trucks
All-wheel-drive vehicles
Off-road vehicles
Military vehicles of Australia
Compact sport utility vehicles
Mid-size sport utility vehicles
Pickup trucks
Military vehicles introduced in the 1980s
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10547094
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philaster%20%28play%29
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Philaster (play)
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Philaster, or Love Lies a-Bleeding is an early Jacobean era stage play, a tragicomedy written by Francis Beaumont and John Fletcher. One of the duo's earliest successes, the play helped to establish the trend for tragicomedy that was a powerful influence in early Stuart-era drama.
Date and performance
While the date of the play's origin cannot be fixed with certainty, Philaster must pre-date 1611, based on its mention by John Davies in his Scourge of Folly. (Davies's book was entered into the Stationers' Register on 8 October 1610, and was printed soon after.) Scholars generally assign the play to the 1608–10 interval, with "the middle to late summer of 1610" as perhaps the most likely specific period. The play was acted by the King's Men at both the Globe and Blackfriars theatres, and was performed at court twice in the winter of 1612–13.
Publication
The play was first published in 1620 by the bookseller Thomas Walkley, in a seriously defective text; Walkley issued a second quarto two years later (1622), which he termed "The second impression, corrected and amended." A third quarto was printed in 1628 by Richard Hawkins, followed by subsequent editions in 1634, 1639, 1652, and 1687; there was also an undated quarto that may date to 1663. Scholars have debated the cause of the differences between Q1 and the subsequent editions; the modern critical consensus favours censorship as the most plausible explanation. The villain in the original version of the play (represented by Q2 and later editions) was a Spaniard, the favourite stage villain in English drama at least since the Spanish Armada. King James I, however, favoured a pacifistic foreign policy and improved relations with Spain, so that the play needed to be revised for Court performance, primarily in the opening (I,i) and closing scenes (V,iii-iv, yielding the Q1 version. (Andrew Gurr's modern edition prints the Q1 alterations in an appendix.)
Authorship
Traditional critics recognised that Beaumont's share in the play is dominant over Fletcher's. Cyrus Hoy, in his sweeping examination of the authorship problems in Fletcher's canon, produced this division of authorship in the play:
Beaumont — Act I, scene 2; Act II, 1, 3, and 4a (to Pharamond's entrance); Act III; Act IV, 3–6; Act V, 1, 2, 3a (to King's exit), and 5;
Fletcher — Act I, scene 1; Act II, 2 and 4b (from Pharamond's entrance); Act IV, 1 and 2; Act V, 3b (from King's exit) and 4.
Adaptations
Philaster was revived during the Restoration era in an adapted form, as were many of the plays in the canon of Fletcher and his collaborators; but the 1695 adaptation by Elkanah Settle was not a success. Another adaptation followed, though, by George Colman (printed 1763). The version by George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham (c. 1683; published 1714) was unperformed in his era.
Synopsis
The play is set in a fictionalised version of the Kingdom of Sicily, ruled by an otherwise-unnamed king. This king's father and predecessor, the ruler of Southern Italy (the Kingdom of Naples), had conquered the island of Sicily and displaced the native royal house; but the heir of that house, and rightful king of Sicily, is Philaster, who lives as a nobleman in the royal court. The king fears him, but cannot kill him, because of the passionate loyalty of the people. The king has a plan, however: with no son of his own, he will marry his daughter Arethusa to a Spanish prince named Pharamond, and make the Spaniard his heir.
Arethusa, however, is in love with Philaster, and disdains the Spaniard. Philaster reciprocates the princess's affections, and sends his page Bellario to serve her and to be their intermediary. Arethusa is able to frustrate her father's plan by exposing Pharamond's affair with Megra, a loose gentlewoman of the court; but the Spaniard seeks revenge, by spreading reports that Arethusa is having an affair with Bellario. The passionate Philaster is deceived by the slander, and accepts it as true. During a hunt, Philaster confronts Arethusa; the overwrought protagonist stabs the princess (the incident that gives the play its subtitle). Philaster is interrupted by a passing countryman; they fight, and both men are wounded. Philaster crawls off, and Arethusa is discovered by nobles of the court.
Arethusa's and Philaster's wounds are not fatal; both recover. Philaster is found, arrested, and sentenced to death. The king places Philaster in Arethusa's custody; she quickly marries him, which causes the king to decree her death as well. The executions are frustrated when the rebellious citizens capture Pharamond and hold him hostage. The falsehood of Pharamond's accusation against Arethusa is exposed when Bellario is revealed to be a disguised female (she is Euphrasia, a courtier's daughter, infatuated with Philaster). Pharamond retreats to Spain. Since the rightful ruler of Sicily is now the king's son and no alternative presents itself, Philaster is restored to his crown.
In creating the play, Beaumont and Fletcher were influenced by the works of Sir Philip Sidney, especially the Arcadia. The play bears relationships with a range of contemporaneous works, including The Faithful Shepherdess and Cymbeline.
Characters
The King
Philaster (Known as "Phylaster" in Q1) - the "true heir"
Pharamond - the Prince of Spain
Dion - A Lord
Cleremont and Thrasiline - noble gentlemen his associates
Arethusa - the King's Daughter
Galatea
Megra
Euphrasia (Bellario) - Daughter of Dion
Bellario - Page of Arethusa
Some character lists (found in Q3 onward) also include an "old wanton lady, or crone" although Q1 does not, and Q2 has no actual character list.
Sources
External links
Full text of Philaster from Project Gutenberg
Full text of Philaster from Google Books
English Renaissance plays
1600s plays
Plays by Francis Beaumont
Plays by John Fletcher (playwright)
Plays by Beaumont and Fletcher
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12873798
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A2u%C8%99or%20%28R%C3%A2ul%20T%C3%A2rgului%29
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Râușor (Râul Târgului)
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The Râușor is a right tributary of the Râul Târgului in Romania. It discharges into the Râușor Reservoir, which is drained by the Râul Târgului. Its length is and its basin size is .
References
Rivers of Romania
Rivers of Argeș County
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51120644
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedications%20in%20the%20Church%20of%20England
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Dedications in the Church of England
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The vast majority of the 16,500 churches in the Church of England are dedicated to one or more people. Most are dedicated to a single 'patron saint', such as Saint Peter or The Virgin Mary, or one of the persons of God, such as Holy Trinity, Christ Church, or The Good Shepherd. Others commemorate Christian events such as the Assumption of Mary or Ascension of Jesus.
History
All churches are dedicated to God, but certainly by the fourth century it was common practice to dedicate a Christian place of worship to one or more patron saints. An early example of this was in 386 when Saint Ambrose dedicated Milan Cathedral to Gervasius and Protasius whose graves he found nearby. Once the Church was established in England it became practice to dedicate a new church's patron saint during the act of consecration by the diocesan bishop, and in fact mass could not be held in a building until the consecration act had taken place. There is much evidence of the dedication of churches prior to 800, with most being dedicated to Saint Peter or to Saint Mary.
During consecration the building would usually be named in honour of a "holy martyr", but sometimes instead a "confessor", "matron", or "virgin", but nonetheless many churches remained undedicated up until the thirteenth century. In 1229 the Bishop of Worcester William of Blois mandated that all churches in his diocese display the date of dedication and name of patron saint alongside the altar, and many medieval churches would also have a painted image of their patron nearby. Churches would also celebrate the feast day of their patron or patrons in what is now known as the 'patronal festival', with local parishioners taking a holiday or naming children after their patron.
The Protestant Reformation of the 16th century swept away centuries of church tradition; the whitewashing of sacred images led to a backlash against saints associated with the church. Whilst not prohibiting them, the Book of Common Prayer contained no text for a dedication service, and with new church builds becoming fewer the practice became less well known. By the 18th century many churches had even forgotten their dedication entirely, so that when the first books were published listing church dedications in the early 18th century (e.g. Browne Willis) many of them had been lost; in a modern analysis of his results on the churches of Devon, around a third of the churches were listed as having unknown dedication, and a further 30% listed dedications that were incorrect, or at the very least differed from their medieval dedication. Worse still, having appeared in print, many took the dedications to be authoritative and some were thus subsequently adopted by the parish as the authentic dedication.
It was the Victorian era, the first great English church-building era for centuries, that finally revived the interest in patron saints. By this stage many had rediscovered their original dedication, whereas others changed the dedication to a new patron saint for any number of reasons. Others gave their dedication a more prosaic twist, giving rise to the many churches now known as "St Michael and All Angels", "All Hallows", or "The Blessed Virgin Mary". By the 20th century, the dedication's continued usage was once again assured, with common usage referring to "St Peter's" as opposed to "Newton Parish Church". In many cases these are names that have been used at that site for well over a thousand years, and in others they are simply 18th century mistakes or creations of the Victorian age.
Selection of Patron Saint
There was no single set of rules that governed the choice of patron saint for a church, chapel or religious foundation, but analysis of existing and historical dedications shows a number of patterns that demonstrate how patrons were often chosen. The most popular saints in terms of numbers of dedications demonstrate the influence of Rome on the history of English Christianity, as well as being major characters in Biblical studies, with the most popular being St Mary, St Peter, St Michael, St Andrew, and St Paul.
One of the clearest reasons for the choice of many dedications was that the church was founded on or near the site of a saint's activity. A large number of these give rise to the dedications of the churches of Cornwall, but others where a settlement built up around a saint's oratory or residence include Saint Culbone at Culbone in Devon, Saint Beza at St Bees in Cumberland, and Saint Everildis at Everingham in Yorkshire. To these we can add churches founded in existing towns where a saint worked, such as Saint Cuthman at Steyning, Sussex, or Saint Congar at Badgeworth, Somerset, or those where the saint's remains were buried, such as Saint Urith at Chittlehampton, Devon, or Saint Ethelbert at Marden, Herefordshire. Other dedications commemorate a site's founder, for example Saint Etheldreda at Ely Cathedral or Saint Cuthberga at Wimborne Minster, and the collection of relics of foreign saints seems to have inspired the dedications to Saint Firmin at North Crawley, Buckinghamshire, and Saint Sebastian at Great Gonerby, Lincolnshire. One particularly interesting pair of dedications are the churches of Saint Olave at either end of London Bridge, whose destruction he initiated to prevent the advance of invading armies.
Other saints became known across particular geographical areas, and their church dedications reflect that. Saint Kentigern, who reputedly originated in Cumberland has ten churches dedicated to him – nine in Cumberland and one in neighbouring Northumberland. Similarly the many churches dedicated to Saint Chad are clustered across Mercia in the former diocese of Lichfield which he was instrumental in founding.
The patronage of particular professions by saints has also influenced choices. For example, most English coastal towns have a church dedicated to Saint Nicholas, patron saint of sailors and fisherman, and churches dedicated to Saint Giles, patron saint of beggars and cripples, are often found near the medieval gates of fortified towns. In a similar fashion, the choice of Saint Catherine was favoured by many institutions as she is also the patron saint of educators and philosophers.
A number of churches seem to have selected their patron according to the feast day on which the church was dedicated. Though these are often hard to discern, they include several churches dedicated to the Ascension or the Assumption.
Most common dedications
The table lists the most common dedications in the Church of England. Note that churches with more than one patron saint are counted towards the totals of both.
Among another Biblical saints the following have dedications: St Philip (92), St Jude (37), St Gabriel (29), St James the Less (24), Holy Spirit (22), St Simon (19), Holy Innocents (18) and St Matthias (16).
A number of churches are dedicated to Jesus by other names: as well as the 392 Christ Churches listed above, there are 80 St Saviours, 69 Emmanuels, 62 Good Shepherds, 18 Christ the Kings, and 12 Saviours.
References
External links
Church of England saint dedications - searchable database of English dedications
Church of England
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5276452
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grinde%2C%20Rogaland
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Grinde, Rogaland
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Grinde is a village in Tysvær municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. The village is located at the western end of the Grindafjorden, a couple of kilometers east of the villages of Aksdal and Førre. Grinde lies along the European route E39-European route E134 highway.
The village has a population (2019) of 891 and a population density of .
History
Grinde was historically located in Skjold municipality. On 1 January 1965, Skjold municipality was dissolved and its territory dispersed between three municipalities. The districts Grinde, Dueland, and Yrkje with 1,133 inhabitants in total were merged into Tysvær.
References
Villages in Rogaland
Tysvær
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23908693
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983%20Virginia%20Slims%20of%20Dallas
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1983 Virginia Slims of Dallas
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The 1983 Virginia Slims of Dallas was a tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Moody Coliseum in Dallas, Texas in the United States that was part of the 1983 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. It was the 12th edition of the tournament and was held from March 7 through March 14, 1983. First-seeded Martina Navratilova won the singles title and earned $30,000 first-prize money.
Finals
Singles
Martina Navratilova defeated Chris Evert-Lloyd 6–4, 6–0
It was Navratilova's 4th singles title of the year and the 74th of her career.
Doubles
Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver defeated Rosemary Casals / Wendy Turnbull 6–3, 6–2
It was Navratilova's 8th title of the year and the 155th of her career. It was Shriver's 4th title of the year and the 38th of her career.
Prize money
See also
Evert–Navratilova rivalry
References
External links
ITF tournament edition details
Virginia Slims of Dallas
Virginia Slims of Dallas
Virginia
Virginia
Virginia Slims of Dallas
Virginia Slims of Dallas
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61860147
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth%20O%27Neil
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Elizabeth O'Neil
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Elizabeth Jean (Betty) O'Neil is an American computer scientist known for her highly cited work in databases, including C-Store, the LRU-K page replacement algorithm, the log-structured merge-tree, and her criticism of the ANSI SQL 92 isolation mechanism. She is a professor of computer science at the University of Massachusetts Boston.
Education and career
O'Neil is a 1963 graduate of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, majoring in applied mathematics. She completed a Ph.D. in applied mathematics at Harvard University in 1968. Her dissertation was A quasi-linear theory for axially symmetric flows in a stratified rotating fluid. After postdoctoral research at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences of New York University, and short-term teaching positions at New York University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, she joined the faculty of the University of Massachusetts Boston in 1970.
Book
O'Neil is the author, with Patrick O'Neil, of the book Database: Principles, Programming, Performance (Morgan Kaufmann, 2nd ed., 2001).
References
External links
Home page
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American computer scientists
American women computer scientists
University of Massachusetts Boston faculty
Database researchers
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science alumni
Harvard University alumni
American women academics
21st-century American women
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54630520
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Enterprise%2C%20Pennsylvania
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New Enterprise, Pennsylvania
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New Enterprise is an unincorporated community in Bedford County, Pennsylvania, United States. The community is located along Pennsylvania Route 869 north-northeast of Bedford. New Enterprise has a post office with ZIP code 16664.
References
Unincorporated communities in Bedford County, Pennsylvania
Unincorporated communities in Pennsylvania
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17816310
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamber%20Khurd
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Jamber Khurd
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Jamber Khurd is a town located on 64 km Lahore Multan Rd and Union Council of Kasur District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is part of Pattoki Tehsil and is located at 31°8'10N 73°55'10E with an altitude of 190 meters. Basically it is agricultural land but it is converted into industrial area. More than 50 industries are operated in surrounding of the town (Century Paper & Board Mills, Haleeb Products, Gulshan & Gulistan Textile, Din Textile, Sapphire Textile, Nishat Power House etc.). There is no proper treatment of emission of chemical water and waste from these industries, which is directly fall in canal and produced different diseases & environment pollution.
Khurd and Kalan Persian language word which means small and Big respectively when two villages have same name then it is distinguished as Kalan means Big and Khurd means Small with Village Name.
Facilities
Government facilitate Jamber Khurd with Govt. Primary School (Boys), Govt. High School (Boys), Govt. Primary School (Girls) and Govt. High School & College (Girls). There are many private schools working in the town. There is a Govt. Basic Health Care unit working but there is no full-time doctor (MBBS) available but a lady doctor is available in this hospital. Recently Govt. installed water filter plant at Mandi Chowk in the mid of the town (2017). There are two bank branches in the town (HBL & BOP). 24 hours transportation is available. Proper sewerage & water supply system is installed in whole town. Carpeted streets, Post Office, Police Station and necessities are available here.
References
There are many private schools in Jamber Khurd. In particular, Rafiq Model School is a famous school.
Populated places in Kasur District
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46810940
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palirisa%20sinensis
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Palirisa sinensis
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Palirisa sinensis is a moth in the family Eupterotidae. It was described by Rothschild in 1917. It is found in China.
The wingspan is 88 mm for males and 131 mm for females. Adults are similar to Palirisa cervina but are smaller and much paler, more silver-grey, and the transverse bands of the forewings are closer together and much fainter. Furthermore, the females are much less rufous than cervina, and the transverse bands are also much closer together.
References
Moths described in 1917
Eupterotinae
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1852756
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elaine%20Edwards
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Elaine Edwards
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Elaine Lucille Edwards (née Schwartzenburg; March 8, 1929 – May 14, 2018) was an American politician from Louisiana. Edwards was a Democratic member of the United States Senate in 1972 appointed by her husband, Louisiana Governor Edwin Edwards, following the death of Allen Ellender.
She was the First Lady of Louisiana for twelve non-consecutive years from 1972 to 1980 and again from 1984 to 1988, making her the state's longest-serving First Lady. In her later years, she was a small fashion businesswoman and a low-profile soap opera actress based in New York City.
Early life
Edwards was born in Marksville, the seat of Avoyelles Parish, to Errol Leo Schwartzenburg and Myrl Dupuy Schwartzenburg. Elaine was baptized Catholic, and had two brothers, Frank (1928–2013), and Ralph (born 1936).
She married Edwin Edwards in 1949. Her own Catholic belief was the impetus for Edwin's reversion to the Catholic faith. An observer noted that Elaine Edwards "wanted the opposite of what Edwin wanted. She hated the fishbowl of politics." Both graduated from Marksville High School. Discussing her marriage in 1984, Edwards said: "All I wanted to do was get married and have babies and keep house."
Senate career
Edwards was the First Lady of Louisiana for twelve non-consecutive years from 1972 to 1980 and again from 1984 to 1988, making her the state's longest-serving First Lady. She did not live full-time at the Governor's mansion during her husband's third term, instead spending most of her time at the family's compound in southeastern Baton Rouge which they purchased during the term of Edwin's successor/predecessor, David C. Treen.
On August 1, 1972, after the death of Allen Ellender, Edwin Edwards appointed Elaine to the U.S. Senate to serve the remaining few months of Ellender's term.
In reaction to her Senate appointment, Edwards said: "This is a marvelous opportunity, and I accept it. But let's have no misgivings. I’m not a United States senator". Edwards did not seek election in November 1972. She resigned immediately upon certification of J. Bennett Johnston (whom her husband had defeated in the Democratic primary in the previous year's election for Governor) as the winner of the November 7, 1972 general election (in which Ellender had been a candidate until his death), allowing Johnston to gain seniority over other new senators elected on the same date.
During the 1976 presidential election campaign, Elaine endorsed Gerald Ford over Jimmy Carter, while her husband first endorsed California governor Jerry Brown, and later endorsed Carter after Brown failed to obtain the nomination.
In 1983, Edwin Edwards was re-elected as Governor thus making Elaine first lady again this time serving until 1988.
Post-political career
After her senate tenure, Edwards owned a small business producing custom-made dresses and would continue this business even while serving as first lady during her husband’s third term in the 1980s.
She moved to New York City in the 1990s to find occasional work as a soap opera actress.
Personal life and death
Edwin and Elaine Edwards divorced in 1989 after forty years of marriage. The couple had four children, two daughters and two sons.
Elaine Edwards died on May 14, 2018, at her daughter's home in Denham Springs, Louisiana, while suffering from respiratory problems. Edwards was buried at Resthaven Gardens of Memory, Baton Rouge, East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana.
See also
Women in the United States Senate
References
External links
1929 births
2018 deaths
Actresses from Louisiana
Democratic Party United States senators
Female United States senators
First Ladies and Gentlemen of Louisiana
Louisiana Democrats
Marksville High School alumni
People from Marksville, Louisiana
United States senators from Louisiana
Women in Louisiana politics
Catholics from Louisiana
21st-century American women
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26755907
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesotoma%20oyashio
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Obesotoma oyashio
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Obesotoma oyashio is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.
Description
The length of the shell attains 20 mm.
Distribution
This species occurs in the Sea of Japan.
References
Hasegawa, K., Okutani, T. and E. Tsuchida (2000) Family Turridae. In: Okutani, T. (ed.), Marine Mollusks in Japan. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, 619–667 (in Japanese).
External links
Tucker, J.K. 2004 Catalog of recent and fossil turrids (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zootaxa 682:1–1295.
Biolib.cz: Obesotoma oyashio
oyashio
Gastropods described in 1962
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59902645
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea%20Jourdan
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Andrea Jourdan
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Andrea Jourdan (born 1956) is a Canadian chef, ghost writer and a culinary author with over 100 published cookbooks.
Early life
Andrea Jourdan was born in Baie-Comeau, Quebec, Canada. She studied political science and French literature.
Career
After several years in France during which she encountered chefs Joël Robuchon and Bernard Loiseau, Andrea and her husband, American film director Philip Jourdan, opened their first restaurant Chez toi chez moi in Los Angeles. A second restaurant was opened in Montreal. Her love for European cuisine sees her return to Europe, more specifically in Italy, where she hosted the TV series Mangia! Mangia! created for the American market and which aired from 1996 to 1998. She then wrote and self-published her first cookbook in English, The Extra Virgin Olive Oil of Lucca which provides several recipes with the product and details numerous olive oil producers of Lucca in Tuscany.
In 2001, Andrea Jourdan opened a gourmet grocery store in Montreal called Les Petits Plaisirs d'Andrea and closed it due to unfortunate circumstances. Along with TV host and actress Francine Ruel, she participated for 2 seasons (2002-2004) on the summer TV series "L'été c'est péché" (summer is a sin), where several local celebrities collaborated daily discussing aspects of each deadly sin. For author Chrystine Brouillet, chef Ian Perreault and Andrea Jourdan, the theme was gluttony .
In 2011, Andrea Jourdan published her first cookbook in French, Spoom, Desserts envoûtants which won in 2012 the prestigious Gourmand World Cookbook Awards for Best Photography of cookbooks published in French Canada. Followed two best-selling titles on tartares, carpaccios and pies: Tartares et Carpaccios and Tartes en folie.
Since 2013, her Complètement cookbook series has been published by Éditions de l'Homme and titles are e-published in English under the name Absolutely . The concept of each title is to propose 30 original recipes around a single subject. Two of her cookbooks have won the coveted Gourmand World Cookbook Awards in 2015: Recevoir toute l'année avec Andrea (Best Entertaining cookbook - French Canada) and Le garde-manger d'Andrea (Best Easy Recipes cookbook - French Canada). Andrea Jourdan is also a weekly columnist to the "Food" section (Saveurs) in the newspaper Journal de Montréal After closing the first gourmet shop Les Petits Plaisirs d'Andrea on Laurier Street, Andrea opened on March 9, 2016, a new gourmet location, Andrea Jourdan La Boutique in Jean-Talon Market, where she shares a variety of original food products imported from all over the world as well as her own unique culinary creations, amongst which her infamous FBV (fraise-basilic-vodka or strawberry basil vodka jam).
Publications
, Jourdan has written over 100 cookbooks. She has ghostwritten many cookbooks for several Canadian chefs. See list of publications below.
The Extra Virgin Olive Oil of Lucca, Andrea's Kitchen Books, 1998.
Spoom, Desserts envoûtants, Éditions Transcontinental, 2011.
Tartares & Carpaccios, Éditions Transcontinental, 2012.
Tartes en folie, Éditions Transcontinental, 2012.
Burgers & Pizzas, Marshall Cavendish, 2012.
Cupcakes & Muffins, Marshall Cavendish, 2012.
Pies & Quiches, Marshall Cavendish, 2012.
Soups & Sandwiches, Marshall Cavendish, 2012.
Sweets & Desserts, Marshall Cavendish, 2012.
Complètement Cheesecakes, Les Éditions de l'Homme, 2012.
Complètement Crevettes, Les Éditions de l'Homme, 2012.
Complètement Cru, Les Éditions de l'Homme, 2012.
Complètement Desserts en pots, Les Éditions de l'Homme, 2012.
Complètement Limonades, Les Éditions de l'Homme, 2012.
Complètement Quinoa, Les Éditions de l'Homme, 2012.
Complètement Salades, Les Éditions de l'Homme, 2012.
Complètement Smoothies, Les Éditions de l'Homme, 2012.
Complètement Soupes d'automne, Les Éditions de l'Homme, 2012.
Complètement Soupes froides, Les Éditions de l'Homme, 2012.
Complètement Tartares, Les Éditions de l'Homme, 2012.
Complètement Tomates, Les Éditions de l'Homme, 2012.
Absolutely Autumn Soups, AF Gourmet, 2012
Absolutely Cheesecake, AF Gourmet, 2012
Absolutely Chicken, AF Gourmet, 2012
Absolutely Cold Soups, AF Gourmet, 2012
Absolutely Cookies, AF Gourmet, 2012
Absolutely Crepes, AF Gourmet, 2012
Absolutely Desserts in a Jar, AF Gourmet, 2012
Absolutely Ice Cream, AF Gourmet, 2012
Absolutely Lasagna, AF Gourmet, 2012
Absolutely Lemonade, AF Gourmet, 2012
Absolutely Quinoa, AF Gourmet, 2012
Absolutely Raw, AF Gourmet, 2012
Absolutely Risottos, AF Gourmet, 2012
Absolutely Salads, AF Gourmet, 2012
Absolutely Salmon, AF Gourmet, 2012
Absolutely Shrimp, AF Gourmet, 2012
Absolutely Smoothies, AF Gourmet, 2012
Absolutely Tajine, AF Gourmet, 2012
Absolutely Tartare, AF Gourmet, 2012
Absolutely Tomatoes, AF Gourmet, 2012
Chicken Meals, Marshall Cavendish, 2013.
Ice Creams & Sorbets, Marshall Cavendish, 2013.
Lasagne & Risottos, Marshall Cavendish, 2013.
Pancakes & Waffles, Marshall Cavendish, 2013.
Ultimate Cookies, Marshall Cavendish, 2013.
150 Best Desserts in a Jar, Robert Rose, 2013.
Desserts en pots. 150 recettes irrésistibles, Les Éditions de l'Homme, 2013.
Complètement Courges, Les Éditions de l'Homme, 2013.
Complètement Gâteaux au chocolat, Les Éditions de l'Homme, 2013.
Complètement Gratins, Les Éditions de l'Homme, 2013.
Complètement Noël, Les Éditions de l'Homme, 2013.
Complètement Osso buco, Les Éditions de l'Homme, 2013.
Complètement Burgers, Les Éditions de l'Homme, 2014.
Complètement Érable, Les Éditions de l'Homme, 2014.
Complètement Fraises, Les Éditions de l'Homme, 2014.
Complètement Pétoncles, Les Éditions de l'Homme, 2014.
Les desserts faciles d'Andrea, Éditions Coup d'œil, 2014.
Complètement Biscuits, Les Éditions de l'Homme, 2014.
Complètement Lasagnes, Les Éditions de l'Homme, 2014.
Complètement Poulet, Les Éditions de l'Homme, 2014.
Complètement Risottos, Les Éditions de l'Homme, 2014.
La mijoteuse facile d'Andrea, Éditions Coup d'œil, 2014.
Le garde-manger d'Andrea, Éditions Goélette, 2014.
Recevoir toute l'année avec Andrea, Éditions Coup d'œil, 2014.
Grillades chez soi, Éditions Coup d'œil, 2014.
Homard et crabe chez soi, Éditions Coup d'œil, 2014.
Complètement Crème glacée, Les Éditions de l'Homme, 2014.
Complètement Noix de coco, Les Éditions de l'Homme, 2014.
Complètement Pommes, Les Éditions de l'Homme, 2014.
Complètement Saumon, Les Éditions de l'Homme, 2014.
Le poêlon à toutes les sauces, Éditions Coup d'œil, 2015.
La saison des conserves avec Claudette Dion, Éditions Édito, 2015.
Sortez vos mijoteuses avec Claudette Dion, Éditions Édito, 2015.
Complètement Asperges, Les Éditions de l'Homme, 2015.
Complètement Brochettes, Les Éditions de l'Homme, 2015.
Complètement Crêpes, Les Éditions de l'Homme, 2015.
Complètement Tajines, Les Éditions de l'Homme, 2015.
Les super aliments à toutes les sauces, Éditions Coup d'œil, 2016.
Irrésistible érable, une histoire d'amour en 100 recettes, Éditions Édito, 2016.
Chasse et pêche : 100 recettes de gibier et de poissons du Québec, Éditions Coup d'œil, 2016.
Simplement BBQ : 110 recettes du Journal de Montréal, Éditions du Journal de Montréal, 2018.
Caviar (par Andrea), Andrea Jourdan Éditions, September 2018.
Caviar (by Andrea), Andrea Jourdan Éditions, September 2018.
Érable (par Andrea), Andrea Jourdan Éditions, September 2018.
Maple (by Andrea), Andrea Jourdan Éditions, September 2018.
Foie gras (par Andrea), Andrea Jourdan Éditions, September 2018.
Foie Gras (by Andrea), Andrea Jourdan Éditions, September 2018.
Truffe (par Andrea), Andrea Jourdan Éditions, September 2018.
Truffle (by Andrea), Andrea Jourdan Éditions, September 2018.
Coffret 4 livres gourmands (tome 1), Andrea Jourdan Éditions, September 2018. . Contains cookbooks in French: Caviar, Érable, Foie Gras and Truffe, part of the series Par Andrea.
4-Volume Cookbook Set (Vol 1), Andrea Jourdan Éditions, September 2018. . Contains cookbooks in English: Caviar, Foie Gras, Maple & Truffle part of the series By Andrea.
Cuisiner au vin blanc, Andrea Jourdan Éditions, September 2018.
Cuisiner au vin rouge, Andrea Jourdan Éditions, September 2018.
Cooking with Red Wine, Andrea Jourdan Éditions, September 2018.
Cooking with White Wine, Andrea Jourdan Éditions, September 2018.
Translations
The Great Book of Fish, Book Sales, 1998. .
The Great Book of Mediterranean Cuisine, Book Sales, 1998. .
The Great Book of Pasta, Book Sales, 1998. .
Collaborations
100 Personnalités 100 Recettes, Fondation les Ailes de la Mode, 2002. .
Introduction of cookbook BBQ au Max (author: Max Lavoie), Guy Saint-Jean Éditeur, 2015. .
Recettes du Québec (various authors), Éditions Transcontinental, 2012. . In this cookbook, Andrea Jourdan is credited as Food Stylist.
References
Canadian women chefs
21st-century Canadian women writers
People from Baie-Comeau
Writers from Quebec
Canadian cookbook writers
Canadian expatriates in France
Women chefs
Canadian expatriates in the United States
20th-century Canadian women writers
1956 births
Living people
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