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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service%20de%20police%20de%20l%27agglom%C3%A9ration%20de%20Longueuil
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Service de police de l'agglomération de Longueuil
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The Service de police de l'agglomération de Longueuil or SPAL (English: Urban agglomeration of Longueuil Police Service) is the police force for the urban agglomeration of Longueuil, Quebec. This service is divided into two territories, north and south.
Vehicles
Ford Taurus Police Interceptor
Ford Crown Victoria (Phased Out)
Ford Explorer Police Interceptor
Sidearm
Officers are issued the Heckler & Koch HK P2000 Compact .45 ACP which replaced the Heckler & Koch USP as their standard issue sidearm. The holster of choice is a Safariland holster.
North division
The north division encompasses the cities/boroughs of:
Boucherville
Saint-Lambert
Longueuil
Borough of Vieux-Longueuil
South division
The south division includes the cities/boroughs of :
Brossard
Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville
Longueuil
Borough of Greenfield Park
Borough of Saint-Hubert
See also
Service de police de la Ville de Montréal
References
External links
Police Coat of Arms
Longueuil
Politics of Longueuil
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1945680
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IID%20%28disambiguation%29
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IID (disambiguation)
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IID may refer to:
Interface Identifier, the last 64-bits of an IPv6 address
Internet identity, a social identity used by Internet users
Internet Identity, an Internet security company
Ignition interlock device, a breathalyzer connected to a vehicle's engine
Independent and identically distributed random variables in probability theory
Interaural intensity difference in determining the location of a sound
Internal Investigations Division (in law enforcement)
IRIX Interactive Desktop, software for interacting with a computer running the IRIX operating system
Iterative and Incremental Development in software development
A COM Interface ID
Invoke Image Display an Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) Integration Profile
Imperial Irrigation District
IID (Imperial Institute of Design), a design school in Monteswar, West Bengal, India
See also
2D (disambiguation), including a list of topics named II-D, etc.
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35946877
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%20White%20Heavyweight%20Championship
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World White Heavyweight Championship
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The White Heavyweight Championship was a title in pretense created when the "White Hopes" of the time that African-American Jack Johnson was the world heavyweight champion had failed to wrest the title from him after four and one-half years. The first of the Great White Hopes, former world heavyweight champ James J. Jeffries had failed to vanquish Johnson in 1910, leading to an elimination tournament of "White Hopes" in New York City in 1911.
White Hopes
Al Palzer won the "White Hope" tournament organized by promoter Tom O'Rourke at New York City's National Sporting Club that was held in May 1911. O’Rourke had managed the legendary African American boxers Joe Walcott and George Dixon. He also had signed Palzer to a contract before the tournament, and likely manipulated it so that Palzer could win. Other White Hope tournaments were created in response to O'Rouke's contest.
On 19 December 1911, Palzer fought Al Kaufman in Brooklyn and scored a K.O. in the fifth round of their 10-round bout. Kaufman had fought Jack Johnson for the world heavyweight title in San Francisco on 9 September 1909. The 10-rounder ended in a no-decision, and the two fighters met in Reno, Nevada to box an exhibition in July 1910.
On New Year's Day 1913, Palzer met Luther McCarty in Vernon, California to determine the "White Heavyweight Championship" of the world. McCarty won the title by way of a T.K.O. in the 18th round. It would be a title he would hold for the rest of his life which would only be a short five months.
On 24 May 1913, Canadian Arthur Pelkey vied for McCarty's title at Tommy Burns's Arena in Calgary, Alberta. Burns had been the world heavyweight champ who had lost his title to Jack Johnson on Boxing Day in 1908.
Approximately two minutes into the first round of the scheduled 10-round bout, the 210 lbs. Pekley K.O.-ed the 200 lbs.
McCarty. Eight minutes later, McCarty was pronounced dead. Pelkey reportedly broke down and wept when told of McCarty's death. Tommy Burns's Arena burned down the following day, likely as a result of arson.
A coroner's jury ruled that McCarty had died of a cerebral hemorrhage. The ruling held that he had not been killed by a blow delivered by Pelkey but that the hemorrhage probably was the result of a previous injury, likely suffered while riding a horse. Pelkey later claimed that his legal expenses linked to McCarty's death bankrupted him.
Pelkey reportedly was never the same fighter after killing McCarty. He lost the white heavyweight title to Gunboat Smith on New Year's Day 1914 at Coffroth's Arena in Daly City, California via a T.K.O. in the 15th round of the scheduled 20-round bout.
In London on 16 July 1914, Smith lost the title to European heavyweight champ Georges Carpentier when he was disqualified in the sixth round of their scheduled 20-round bout. The white heavyweight title bout sported a purse worth 9,000 pounds sterling (equivalent to approximately $ in today's funds). Carpentier would be the last to hold the world white heavyweight crown. He fought one more fight, beating Kid Jackson in Bourdeaux, France on July 26 before joining the French military with the outbreak of World War I.
When "The Great White Hope" Jess Willard beat Jack Johnson for the world heavyweight title on 5 April 1915, the world white heavyweight crown became defunct. No heavyweight champ would offer a title shot to a black heavyweight challenger for 22 years, until James J. Braddock lost his title to Joe Louis in 1937.
Max Baer
Max Baer was awarded a belt declaring him the “White Heavyweight Champion of the World” after he scored a first round T.K.O. over Pat Cominsky in a bout at Roosevelt Stadium in Jersey City, New Jersey on 26 September 1940, but it was a publicity stunt. The fight was not promoted as being for the white heavyweight championship, and Cominsky would not have won the belt had he beaten Baer.
The belt was a publicity stunt dreamed up by boxing promoters who were trying to pressure promoter Mike Jacobs into giving the ex-world heavyweight champion a rematch with current champ Joe Louis. (Louis had K.O.ed Baer in his first fight after losing his title to James J. Braddock, who would later lose his title to Louis.) Jacobs did not give Baer another bout with Louis. Baer retired after his next fight, when he lost via a T.K.O. to Lou Nova, who did get a shot at Joe Louis.
List of champions
See also
World Colored Heavyweight Championship
References
Defunct boxing titles
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65563919
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean%27s%20Ravine%20Falls
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Dean's Ravine Falls
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Dean's Ravine Falls is a waterfall formed along Reed Brook in Canaan, Connecticut. The falls were once a "must-see" spot along the 2,180-mile-long Appalachian Trail, until the trail was rerouted west of the Housatonic River through Sharon, Connecticut in the early 1980s. Today, it can be accessed via The Mohawk Trail from a parking area located at the intersection of Music Mountain Road and Cream Hill Road.
References
Canaan, Connecticut
Landforms of Litchfield County, Connecticut
Waterfalls of Connecticut
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53690138
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria%20Kawesa
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Victoria Kawesa
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Victoria Kawesa, (born 12 April 1975 in Uganda) is a Swedish politician and former party leader of the Leader of Feminist Initiative. In March 2017, she was elected the leader of the party, along with Gudrun Schyman. Kawesa was the first black party leader in Swedish history. In September 2017, she resigned, citing personal reasons. Kawesa was charged and found guilty of copyright violation. She is a former lecturer at Södertörn University.
Background
Kawesa came to Sweden as a nine-year-old with her family who had fled from the war in Uganda, and the family resided in Tensta outside of Stockholm.
Plagiarism and assault
In April 2017, a police investigation was commenced against Kawesa after she was accused of plagiarizing a doctoral work and presented it as her own research, for which she was given an admonition by Linköping University. She has previously (2013) been reported to have plagiarized another researcher's project application. Kawesa was found guilty by the Crown Court of Stockholm and sentenced to 15,000 kr fines and 6000 kr in damages.
In 2018, Kawesa was charged with assault after hitting a man in the face and kicking him at a Stockholm subway station. The incident occurred at 17:52, 11 January 2018, during which Kawesa had attempted to walk through the subway barrier without using her Access card. Kawesa claims self defence after the man first attacked her. Surveillance footage showed otherwise, and Kawesa was convicted of battery, given a suspended sentence and ordered to pay a fine of 36,000 Swedish crowns.
References
External links
Living people
1975 births
Linköping University alumni
Swedish feminists
Feminist Initiative (Sweden) politicians
Södertörn University faculty
21st-century Swedish criminals
Swedish politicians convicted of crimes
Swedish people convicted of assault
Swedish female criminals
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44845587
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prawn%20%28band%29
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Prawn (band)
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Prawn is an American indie rock band from Ridgewood, New Jersey.
History
Prawn was formed in 2007. In 2011, Prawn self-released their first full-length album, You Can Just Leave It All, in 2011. The band followed up this release with their first EP titled Ships. In 2014, Prawn released their second full-length album, Kingfisher, in 2014. Later in 2014, Prawn's label Topshelf Records, alongside Count Your Lucky Stars Records, released a four way split with Prawn, Kittyhawk, Frameworks, and Droughts. In 2015, Prawn released a split with Moving Mountains. Prawn's latest album, Run, was released in 2017.
Band members
Tony Clark - vocals/guitar
Jamie Houghton - drums
Kyle Burns - guitar/vocals
Ryan McKenna - bass guitar/guitar/vocals
Scott Carr - bass guitar/vocals
Corey Davis - bass guitar
Discography
Studio albums
You Can Just Leave It All (2012)
Kingfisher (2014)
Run (2017)
EPs
Ships (2012)
Settled (2014)
Splits
Droughts, Frameworks, Kittyhawk, Prawn (2014)
Joie De Vivre / Prawn
Moving Mountains / Prawn - Split (2015)
References
Musical groups from New Jersey
Musical groups established in 2008
Topshelf Records artists
Count Your Lucky Stars Records artists
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4000237
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20R.%20Bennett%20Bridge
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William R. Bennett Bridge
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The William R. Bennett Bridge is a pontoon bridge in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia, Canada. Completed on May 25, 2008, the bridge replaced the older Okanagan Lake Bridge built in 1958 to link Downtown Kelowna to West Kelowna across Okanagan Lake as part of Highway 97.
On April 21, 2005, Premier Gordon Campbell officially renamed the bridge from the Okanagan Lake Bridge to William R. Bennett Bridge in honour of former Premier William Richards Bennett, a native of Kelowna.
Construction budget
The first press release from the BC Ministry of Transportation to include budget information was in 2003. At that time, the project was estimated to cost $100 million CAD for the bridge and another $20 million CAD for the two interchange upgrades on the west side of the lake.
By June 29, 2005, the cost of the bridge was increased from the previous estimate of $100 million CAD to $144 million CAD "due to dramatic increases in the cost of construction materials and labour", which includes significant increases in the cost of concrete, steel, and fuel. Over the next 30 years, the province of British Columbia expects to pay SNC-Lavalin a total of $179 million CAD "to design, build, finance, operate, maintain and rehabilitate the bridge".
Construction schedule
April 2005: Arthon Construction Ltd. begins bridge end preloads from rock on Westside Road
May 2005: Arthon completes east side preload
June 2005: SNC-Lavalin Inc. is chosen to design, build, finance and operate the new bridge
July 2005: Construction begins on a dry dock near Bear Creek Provincial Park, where the bridge pontoons will be built
Q3 2005: Arthon completes preloads on west side of Lake Okanagan
Q3 2005: Graving dock ready
Q3 2006: Roadwork on both approaches begins
Q4 2006: First four pontoons in place
Q1 2007: Bridge deck construction begins
Q4 2007: All pontoons in place
Q4 2007: Roadwork on both approaches is completed
Q1 2008: Bridge deck construction is completed
Q2 2008: Test and commission
Q2 2008: Bridge officially opens
Official opening scheduled for May 25, 2008
Q2 2009: Decommission of the old bridge
Q2 2009: Shoreline restoration
Bridge facts
Extending long in total, the bridge includes a string of long poles holding pontoons supporting an elevated deck.
At the deepest point near the middle of the bridge, the lake is approximately deep
There are a total of 9 concrete pontoons
The pontoons are wide and long
The navigation span on the west side of the bridge is long and provides of clearance between the bridge and the lake
Three lanes are for westbound traffic
Two lanes are for eastbound traffic
An additional wide pedestrian and cyclist pathway exists on the south (eastbound) side of the bridge
The west side of the bridge has a pedestrian/cyclist and vehicle underpass at Campbell Road and another interchange at Westside Road
The Kelowna side of the bridge retains the existing pedestrian/cyclist underpass between City Park and Lake Avenue
The new bridge is designed to handle up to 80,000 vehicles daily; the old Okanagan Lake Bridge was designed to handle 38,000 vehicles daily but in 2005 handled approximately 50,000 vehicles daily
Gallery
References
Ministry of Transportation press release 2003TRAN0063-000931 October 28, 2003
Ministry of Transportation press release 2005TRAN0032-000628 June 29, 2005
Ministry of Transportation: Profile of the elevated portion of the William R. Bennett Bridge
Westside Weekly, February 8, 2006, "Public hates billboards -- report" by Anne-Rachelle McHugh
Canadian Consulting Engineer
External links
Ministry of Transportation: William R. Bennett Bridge
Partnerships BC project page for William R. Bennett Bridge
SNC-Lavalin Inc.
Westmar Consultants Inc. (created the initial base design for the bridge)
Bridges completed in 2008
Buildings and structures in Kelowna
Pontoon bridges
Road bridges in British Columbia
Transport in Kelowna
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61969951
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debbie%20Brown
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Debbie Brown
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Debbie Brown (born 1963) is a former American college tennis and squash player who currently serves as a squash administrator. She also holds Irish citizenship.
Personal life
She married her partner Orla O'Doherty, a former Irish national squash champion on 18 April 2015.
Career
She started her career as a tennis player and played for California State University, Long Beach. Debbie later pursued her career in the sport of squash at the age of 33. She became a three time national champion in masters category. She has also featured in masters events in Portland, Oregon (Silver medalist), England, Australia. In 2003, she was also a recipient of Silver Anniversary Awards.
Debbie competed at the 2012 World Squash Masters along with her partner Orla representing their nations US and Ireland respectively. She is also a programme director of Santa Barbara Squash Academy which is also headed by her partner Orla O'Doherty. She too served as an assistant coach at the Santa Barbara Athletic Club for more than two decades, while serving as Executive Director for the nonprofit afterschool program, Santa Barbara School of Squash.
References
Living people
American female tennis players
American female squash players
Irish female squash players
LGBT squash players
LGBT sportspeople from the United States
University of Southern California alumni
People from South Pasadena, California
Sportspeople from California
1963 births
USC Trojans women's tennis players
21st-century LGBT people
Tennis people from California
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19955006
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czarn%C3%B3w-Towarzystwo
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Czarnów-Towarzystwo
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Czarnów-Towarzystwo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Leszno, within Warsaw West County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
References
Villages in Warsaw West County
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107122
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bull%20Shoals%2C%20Arkansas
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Bull Shoals, Arkansas
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Bull Shoals is a city in Marion County, Arkansas, United States, founded in 1954. The population was 1,950 at the 2010 census. Primarily a retirement and vacation center, Bull Shoals is bordered in three directions by the clear, deep, man-made Bull Shoals Lake.
History
The town was created by real estate developers C. S. Woods and C. S. Woods Jr. and was officially established in 1954. Bull Shoals Dam is the threshold into the town from the southeast.
Bull Shoals Dam and the town of Bull Shoals developed together. The developers bought several tracts of the former Newton Flat settlement when they learned that the government planned to build a flood-control and power-generating concrete dam at the site. Construction of the dam took four years, from 1947 to 1951, resulting in one of the largest dams built in the nation at that time.
Geography
Bull Shoals is located at (36.380815, -92.585609).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and (1.00%) is water.
Highway 178 is the only highway and only major road in and out of Bull Shoals, which the highway enters just off the Bull Shoal Dam, which begins the Bull Shoals Lake from the White River, near the Arkansas-Missouri border.
Demographics
2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 1,952 people, 951 households, and 572 families residing in the city.
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,950 people, 1,014 households, and 650 families residing in the city. The population density was 403.0 people per square mile (155.7/km2). There were 1,226 housing units at an average density of 247.0 per square mile (95.4/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 98.05% White, 0.30% Black or African American, 0.45% Native American, 0.25% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 0.10% from other races, and 0.75% from two or more races. 1.05% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 1,014 households, out of which 11.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.4% were married couples living together, 5.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.8% were non-families. 32.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.96 and the average family size was 2.39.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 11.6% under the age of 18, 4.2% from 18 to 24, 16.1% from 25 to 44, 30.0% from 45 to 64, and 38.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 59 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.2 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $27,139, and the median income for a family was $34,219. Males had a median income of $23,125 versus $16,950 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,636. About 9.1% of families and 12.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.2% of those under age 18 and 9.3% of those age 65 or over.
Culture
Bull Shoals has been honored as an Arkansas Volunteer Community of the Year for five years.
Liquidforce and Brostock 2010 chose Bull Shoals as the location of their professional wakeboarding tournament in July 2010 and June 2011. Surf the Bull, an annual grassroots wakesurfing event and competition, is hosted by Bull Shoals Lake Boat Dock and presented by several members of the wakesurfing community every summer in late July/early August. The lake has also hosted numerous professional Bass and Walleye fishing tournaments over the years. Additionally, the city co-hosts the annual HillBilly Chili Cookoff selecting Arkansas' Best Chili to compete internationally in the International Chili Society competitions.
Government
Bull Shoals has a mayor/council form of government with 6 council members. The current Mayor of Bull Shoals is Dr. David Nixon. The previous Mayor was Bruce Powell a retired Chicago policeman.
Incoming District 17 Arkansas State Senator Scott Flippo is a businessman in Bull Shoals but resides in his native Mountain Home.
Notable person
Loren P. Thompson, Minnesota state legislator and resort owner, lived in Bull Shoals; Thompson also served as mayor of Bull Shoals.
References
2010 US Census Bureau., AHTD Arkansas Highway Transportation Department,
http://censusviewer.com/city/AR/Bull%20Shoals
https://www.zip-codes.com/city/ar-bull-shoals-2010-census
http://www.usa.com › Arkansas › Marion County › Bull Shoals, AR.
External links
The Bull Shoals Lake White River Chamber of Commerce
Cities in Arkansas
Cities in Marion County, Arkansas
Populated places established in 1954
1954 establishments in Arkansas
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51992470
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucky%20%282017%20American%20film%29
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Lucky (2017 American film)
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Lucky is a 2017 American drama film, starring Harry Dean Stanton and directed by John Carroll Lynch from a screenplay by Logan Sparks and Drago Sumonja. It was one of Stanton's final onscreen roles before his death. The film tells the story of 90-year-old Lucky as he comes to terms with his own mortality and searches for enlightenment. It received positive reviews from critics.
Plot
Lucky lives alone in an isolated house in the small desert town of Piru, California. He drinks a glass of cold milk after his morning yoga and cigarette before getting dressed and heading out on his daily routine.
He heads to a diner for coffee where he is on friendly terms with the owner, Joe. He works on his crossword puzzle from his daily newspaper. Lucky then walks to a convenience store where he buys another pack of cigarettes and a carton of milk. The owner, Bibi, tells Lucky that her son Juan is having his tenth birthday in one week. That evening, Lucky stops at a bar called Elaine's and has a few Bloody Marias with the locals. One of the regulars, Howard, is depressed that his pet tortoise named President Roosevelt has escaped.
The next morning, Lucky becomes entranced by the blinking numbers on his coffeepot. He gets light-headed and falls over, smashing his ceramic mug. At a clinic, Dr. Christian Kneedler gives Lucky a clean bill of health, and mentions that Lucky has out-smoked and outlived the majority of people in his age group. At the diner, Lucky mentions how he fell and everyone becomes concerned for his safety. Not wanting to feel like a burden, Lucky leaves. That night, Lucky calls a friend while he watches TV. He tells his friend that when he was a boy in Kentucky, he shot a mockingbird with his BB gun. He describes how devastating the silence was, and that it was the saddest thing he had ever seen. Lucky thanks his friend for listening and hangs up.
Back at the bar, Lucky listens to a story from one of the bar regulars, Paulie, about how he met and married his first wife. Lucky reflects on how he never married or had any lasting relationships. Lucky sees Howard talking with a lawyer named Bobby Lawrence about making a will for himself and wanting to leave all of his possessions to his pet tortoise. Lucky causes a scene over Howard's life choices, declaring that everyone in this world is alone and is meant to be alone. Another day or two later, Joe's employee Loretta visits Lucky to check on him. While smoking marijuana, Lucky shows Loretta old photos of his time in the US Navy and they watch old VHS tapes of Liberace performing in concert. While having coffee at the diner, Lucky runs into Bobby Lawrence, where he confides in him about his accident days earlier. Bobby tells Lucky about a time when he nearly got into a car accident and tells Lucky to always be prepared for the unexpected. Lucky visits a pet store to look for a small animal to adopt as a companion, but he instead decides on a box of live crickets.
Lucky meets a World War II Marine veteran named Fred. Lucky tells Fred about his time in the US Navy during the war in the Pacific, and shares that his nickname arose from having the relatively safe job of cook on an LST. Fred tells Lucky a story about how after the Marines secured a beach, the locals began to commit suicide by jumping off cliffs. In the mayhem of battle, he encountered a young girl, smiling amidst all the carnage. Fred wondered how she could smile in the midst of all that misery and death. He later learned that the girl was a Buddhist and was smiling at the prospect of being killed. The story leaves Lucky speechless. Upon returning home, Lucky sets the clock on his coffee machine to the correct time to stop the blinking. He attends Bibi's son Juan's birthday party and comes to enjoy having company. He spontaneously sings "Volver Volver" in Spanish for the party goers.
That evening, Lucky goes back to the bar for more Bloody Marias. Howard has not found his tortoise yet, and concludes that all things must eventually come to an end. Lucky then attempts to light a cigarette at the bar despite being ordered not to do so by the owner, Elaine. He delivers a speech to the bar patrons that everything goes away eventually and that we are left with nothing. Elaine asks what is one supposed to do with nothing. Lucky simply replies "you smile". The remark transforms the mood of the bar; Lucky lights up his cigarette and steps outside.
The next morning, Lucky wakes up and goes through his usual routine of yoga and drinking a glass of cold milk. He goes for a walk through town, as he always does, and passes by the outdoor botanic garden and bar where he was previously banned for public smoking. In the desert, Lucky lights up a cigarette, and looks up at a tall and imposing cactus in bloom. He breaks the fourth wall and smiles as he begins his walk back into town. As Lucky heads down the desert path alone, a tortoise trudges across the path from one end to the other before disappearing into the desert bushes.
Cast
Harry Dean Stanton as "Lucky"
David Lynch as Howard
Ron Livingston as Bobby Lawrence
Ed Begley Jr. as Dr. Christian Kneedler
Tom Skerritt as Fred
Barry Shabaka Henley as Joe
James Darren as Paulie
Beth Grant as Elaine
Yvonne Huff as Loretta
Hugo Armstrong as Vincent
Bertila Damas as Bibi
Ana Mercedes as Victoria, Bibi's Mother
Amy Claire as Frances, Pet Shop Worker
Production
On July 7, 2016, it was revealed that Lucky had begun filming in Los Angeles.
On April 7, 2017, it was announced that Magnolia Pictures acquired U.S. and international rights to distribute the film.
Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes, Lucky has a rating of 97%, based on 139 reviews, with an average score of 7.82/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Lucky is a bittersweet meditation on mortality, punctuating the career of beloved character actor Harry Dean Stanton." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 80 out of 100, based on 34 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".
Matt Zoller Seitz of RogerEbert.com gave the film four out of four stars, writing that the film is: "The humblest deep movie of recent years, a work in the same vein as American marginalia like Stranger Than Paradise and Trees Lounge,' but with its own rhythm and color, its own emotional temperature, its own reasons for revealing and concealing things." Seitz later named Lucky as the best film of 2017, stating that "I didn't expect much more than indie-film quirk when I read the description of this film, but emotionally it destroyed me."
Accolades
Notes
References
External links
2017 films
American drama films
American films
English-language films
2017 directorial debut films
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2189804
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joara
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Joara
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Joara was a large Native American settlement, a regional chiefdom of the Mississippian culture, located in what is now Burke County, North Carolina, about 300 miles from the Atlantic coast in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains. Joara is notable as a significant archaeological and historic site, where Mississippian culture-era and European artifacts have been found, in addition to an earthwork platform mound and remains of a 16th-century Spanish fort.
The first European encounters came in the mid-16th century. In 1540 the party of Spanish conquistador Hernando De Soto recorded visiting this place. A later expedition in 1567 under Juan Pardo, another Spanish explorer, founded the first European settlement in the interior of the continent, establishing Fort San Juan at this site, followed by other forts to the west. It is thought to be the first and the largest of the six forts that Pardo established in his attempt to establish an overland road to the silver mines of Mexico. At the time, the Spanish mistakenly believed that the Appalachian Mountains were the same as a range running through central Mexico. After about eighteen months, all but one of the Spanish troops at the six forts were killed by the indigenous people of the area. Pardo had already left and survived to return to Spain. The Spanish made no other attempts at settlement in this interior. British-related colonization did not begin here until the mid-to late 18th century.
In the late 20th century, a Spanish account of the Pardo expedition was rediscovered and newly translated in English. Based on it, excavations were undertaken in this area of Burke County beginning in the 1990s. After discovery of both European and Mississippian artifacts at this site in 2008, on July 22, 2013, archeologists announced having found evidence of the remains of Fort San Juan at Joara, including a moat that cut through an earthwork mound built by the Mississippians.
History
In the 21st century, archaeological finds from excavations have established evidence of substantial Mississippian and brief Spanish 16th-century settlement in the western interior of North Carolina. The Joara chiefdom was the site of Fort San Juan, established by the Juan Pardo expedition as the earliest Spanish outpost (1567–1568) in the interior of what is now North Carolina. This was 40 years before the English settlement at Jamestown and nearly 20 years before their "Lost Colony" at Roanoke Island.
Located northwest of present-day Morganton, seat of Burke County, the site has been excavated since the early 2000s, in portions, by the Upper Catawba Valley Archaeology Project. Regular open houses and educational events for the public during the summer excavation season.
Established about AD 1000, Joara was the largest Mississippian-culture settlement within the current boundaries of North Carolina. In 1540 a party of Spanish conquistador Hernando De Soto recorded encountering the people at this chiefdom site. De Soto's 1540 expedition also noted the Chalaque people in the area near Joara. Chalaque is believed by scholars to refer to the Cherokee. The Cherokee, an Iroquoian-speaking people, are believed to have migrated into their homelands of present-day western North Carolina, South Carolina, southeastern Tennessee, and northeastern Georgia from northern areas around the Great Lakes. According to de Soto's account, Cherokee speakers were among the peoples present during the late Mississippian-culture era.
Joara was still thriving in January 1567 when Spanish soldiers under command of Captain Juan Pardo arrived. Pardo established a base there for the winter, called the settlement Cuenca, and built Fort San Juan. Pardo's men also traveled west, establishing five more forts, including one at Chiaha. After 18 months, the natives killed the soldiers at Fort San Juan and burned the structures down. That same year, 1568, the natives destroyed the other five six forts in the southwest interior of the region and killed all but one of the 120 men Pardo had stationed in them. As a result, the Spanish ended their colonizing effort in the interior of the Southeast.
High mortality due to European infectious diseases and warfare reduced the smaller bands of peoples. The historic tribes arose in new political groupings. Joara was abandoned long before English explorers arrived in the region in the 17th century, and the site became lost. English, Scots-Irish and German immigrants arrived in northwestern North Carolina in the later 18th century.
Settlement
Joara is thought to have been settled some time after AD 1000 by people of the Mississippian culture era, who built an earthwork mound at the site. It was developed on the west bank of Upper Creek and within sight of Table Rock, a dominant geographical feature of the area. The Joara natives comprised the eastern extent of Mississippian culture, which was centered in the Mississippi and Ohio river valleys. By the time of the first European contact by the Spanish with Native Americans in the foothills of the southern Appalachians, Joara had already grown to be the largest Mississippian-culture settlement in present-day North Carolina. The town served as the political center of a regional chiefdom that controlled many of the surrounding native settlements.
Most contemporary scholars, following John Swanton, connect the various spellings of Joara with the Cheraw, a Siouan language-speaking people who later inhabited this region.
Cofitachequi, in southeast South Carolina, and the competitor Coosa chiefdoms in present-day northwest Georgia were developed by ancestral Muskogean-speaking groups, who apparently claimed other areas as tributary. The Muscogee, or Creek people, are their descendants.
The scholar T.H. Lewis at first associated the term Xualla with the modern Qualla Boundary and thought it was Cherokee. Most modern scholars no longer believe this because historically, the French Broad River is thought to be the eastern boundary for the Cherokee in North Carolina. But anthropologist Charles M. Hudson alone argues that Joara may be a Cherokee name. Excavations have shown that the site was not Cherokee.
Spanish exploration
Hernando de Soto
In 1540, Hernando de Soto led a Spanish army up the eastern edge of the Appalachian mountains through present-day Georgia, South Carolina and North Carolina, before turning southwest. This expedition recorded the first European contact with the people of Joara, which de Soto's chroniclers called Xuala. De Soto brought the queen of Cofitachequi province to Joara as an involuntary member of his entourage. The chroniclers also state that the queen claimed political dominion at this time over Joara province as well as the province of Chalaque, believed to refer to the Cherokee. The natives in both places respected her office. She managed to escape from the Spanish after reaching Joara.
The Spanish departed to continue their exploration, crossing westward over the Blue Ridge into present-day eastern Tennessee. They recorded visiting the Coosa chiefdom at Guasile. The Muskogee Creek people are considered descendants of the Coosa.
Captain Juan Pardo's first expedition
On December 1, 1566, Spanish Captain Juan Pardo and 125 men departed from Santa Elena, a center of Spanish Florida (located on present-day Parris Island, Beaufort County, South Carolina) under orders from Governor Pedro Menéndez de Avilés to claim the interior for Spain. Pardo was to pacify the native inhabitants, convert them to Catholicism, and establish a route to Spanish silver mines near Zacatecas, Mexico. The Spanish thought Santa Elena was much closer to the mines than it actually was, and confused the Appalachian Mountains connected with a range in central Mexico.
To stay close to food sources on their journey through the foothills, the Spanish traveled northwest from the coast where there were friendly natives who would help to feed them. The small Spanish force stopped at Otari (near present-day Charlotte, Mecklenburg County, North Carolina) and Yssa (near present-day Denver, Lincoln County), before arriving at Joara (in present-day Burke County).
Captain Pardo and his men reached Joara in January 1567. He renamed it Cuenca after his hometown of Cuenca, Spain. Snow in the Appalachian Mountains forced the Spanish to establish a winter base in the foothills at Joara. According to the records of the expedition, the explorers built a wooden fort at the north end of Joara and named it Fort San Juan. The fort became the first European settlement of present-day North Carolina, predating the first English colonies of Roanoke Island by 18 years and Jamestown, Virginia by 40 years.
The Spanish kept a base in Fort San Juan and claimed sovereignty over several other settlements in the region, including Guaquiri (near present-day Hickory, Catawba County, North Carolina) and Quinahaqui (also in present-day Catawba County, NC). In February 1567, Captain Pardo established Fort Santiago at Guatari, a smaller town of Guatari (also called Wateree) natives located in present-day Rowan County, North Carolina.
When Captain Pardo received word of a possible French invasion of Santa Elena (an early Spanish mission on the coast), he left a garrison of 30 soldiers to occupy Joara, and four soldiers and his chaplain, Sebastián Montero, to occupy Guatari. He departed the area with the remainder of his force. Pardo appointed sergeant Hernando Moyano to command the force stationed at Fort San Juan.
Hernando Moyano's raids
During the spring of 1567, Hernando Moyano led a combined force of natives and Spanish north. The force attacked and burned the Chisca tribe's village of Maniateque (near present-day Saltville, Virginia) before returning to Joara. After resting and supplying his force, Moyano led the men to Guapere (thought to be on the upper Watauga River in present-day Tennessee). The Spanish and native force attacked and burned Guapere and marched west to Chiaha (located on the Lower French Broad River, also in present-day Tennessee). Moyano's force built a fort in Chiaha and waited for Captain Pardo to return.
Captain Juan Pardo's second expedition
Captain Juan Pardo returned to Fort San Juan in September 1567 to find the local inhabitants angered by the Spanish raids, and their demands for food, women, and canoes. The deaths from newly introduced infectious diseases, endemic among the Spanish and other Europeans, was destabilizing the indigenous community, causing resentment toward the Europeans. Instead of continuing his mission to Mexico, Captain Pardo left a garrison at Fort San Juan and marched the remainder of his troops westward to resupply Moyano's troops.
Pardo first took his troops to the native village of Tocae (near present-day Asheville, North Carolina), then continued to Cauchi (Mississippian town) (near present-day Canton. The force continued on to Tanasqui and then to Chiaha, where they found Moyano's troops in need of supply. After aiding them, Pardo returned to Santa Elena.
Native uprising and end of Spanish colonization
Shortly after May 1568, news reached Santa Elena that the native population had burned the six Spanish forts established by Juan Pardo and killed all but one of the 120 Spanish men stationed in those garrisons. Pardo never returned to the area, and Spain ended all attempts to conquer and colonize the southeastern interior.
Captain Pardo's narrative of his travels, settlement at Joara and founding of five other forts, written by his scribe Bandera, were discovered in the 1980s and translated into English for the first time. Together with the archeological evidence at Joara, they have contributed to a significant reassessment of the history of Spanish colonization in the interior of North America.
Abandonment
At the time of the first Spanish contact, the native people of the area were identified by their villages of residence; they were part of regional cultures, in archeological terms. Mortality from European diseases and conquest and assimilation by large tribes, such as the Catawba and Cherokee, caused many of these smaller native bands to disappear as distinct groups.
In 1670, English explorer John Lederer, departing from Fort Henry, explored deep into North Carolina. He described a large town he called "Sara", in the mountains that "received from the Spaniards the name of Suala". He said that the natives here mined cinnabar to make purple facepaint, and had cakes of salt. James Needham and Gabriel Archer also explored the entire area from Fort Henry in 1671, and described this town as "Sarrah". Scholars believe they were referring to a village likely several miles to the east of the original Joara.
By the time most English, Moravian, Scots-Irish, and German settlers arrived in the area in the mid to late-18th century, Joara and many of the other ancient native towns in the region had been abandoned. The sites became overgrown and remains of structures and mounds were hidden. But further west in North Carolina and across the mountains in Tennessee, the Cherokee had continued to occupy many Mississippian culture towns, such as Nikwasi, Too-Cowee, Kituwa, and Chota.
Although the sites of Joara and Fort San Juan were forgotten, local inhabitants found numerous native artifacts in certain areas of the upper Catawba River Valley. Unlike areas in which earthwork mounds were recognized and protected, during the early 1950s farmers bulldozed Joara's twelve-foot-high earthen platform mound to make way for cultivation. The location of the mound is now recognizable only as a two-foot rise in the field, but current owners vow to protect the site.
Rediscovery at the Berry site
During the 1960s and 1970s, several archaeological surveys were conducted in Burke County to determine possible locations of Joara and Fort San Juan. By the 1980s, archaeologists had reduced the number of possible locations and began limited excavations. These surveys and excavations showed that the upper Catawba River Valley did have a sizable native population during the 14th to 16th centuries.
In 1986, a breakthrough occurred at the Berry excavation site (named for the family who own the property). Archaeologists discovered 16th-century Spanish artifacts. This evidence, supported by Bandera's recently rediscovered 16th-century narrative, caused a reevaluation of Pardo's route through the Upper Catawba Valley. The evidence suggested that the Berry Site is the location of Joara and Fort San Juan. The archaeological site has demonstrated the extent to which the Spanish attempted to establish a colonial foothold in the interior of the Southeast. The evidence of the five Spanish forts further west, near other towns, have not yet been discovered.
Further excavations at the Berry site throughout the 1990s and 2000s yielded remains of native Joara settlement and burned Spanish huts, and more 16th-century Spanish artifacts. These included olive jar fragments, a spike, and a knife. In 2007, the team excavated Structure 5 and found a Spanish iron scale, as well as evidence of Spanish building techniques. These artifacts were not trade goods but objects used by the Spanish themselves in settlements. Joara is particularly interesting for revealing the interaction between Native Americans and Spanish, who were relatively few in number and depended on the natives for food.
In 2009 archaeologists familiar with the area concluded this is definitely the site of Joara and Fort San Juan. Evidence supports documented Spanish settlement of 1567–1568, as well as the natives' burning of the fort. The materials found have required a reassessment of the history of European contact with Native Americans. In July 2013, archeologists reported finding evidence of the remains of the fort itself at the site, including the remnants of burned palisades and what appeared to be the main structure within the fort.
Curiosities
There is a small town in the north of Spain called Joara (Spanish Wikipedia).
See also
Xualae
List of sites and peoples visited by the Hernando de Soto Expedition
Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
List of Mississippian sites
Bussell Island
Citations
References
Clabby, Catherine (Aug. 1, 2004). "Dig finds evidence of Spanish fort". The News and Observer.
Moore, David G.; Beck, Robin A. Jr.; & Rodning, Christopher B. (March 2004). "Joara and Fort San Juan: culture contact at the edge of the world", Antiquity (Vol 78 No 299).
Moore, David; Beck, Robin; & Rodning, Christopher (Jun. 30, 2004). "In Search of Fort San Juan: Sixteenth Century Spanish and Native Interaction in the North Carolina Piedmont". Warren Wilson Archaeological Field School.
Simmons, Geitner (Aug. 15, 1999). "Insight", The Salisbury Post. Retrieved Jul. 7, 2005.
Simmons, Geitner (Aug. 29, 1999). "Spanish empire failed to conquer Southeast", The Salisbury Post. Retrieved Jul. 7, 2005.
Further reading
Clark, Larry Richard (2017). Imperial Spain's Failure to Colonize Southeast North America 1513-1587, Morganton, NC: TimeSpan Press. . (self-published by CreateSpace, 2018).
External links
"In Search of Burned Buildings at the Berry Site: Buried, Burned, Burke Buildings at Berry", by David G. Moore & Christopher B. Rodning, Warren-Wilson University
South Appalachian Mississippian culture
Burke County, North Carolina
Forts in North Carolina
Colonial forts in North Carolina
Pre-statehood history of North Carolina
Pre-statehood history of South Carolina
Native American populated places
Native American tribes in North Carolina
Spanish colonization of the Americas
History of the Thirteen Colonies
Archaeological sites in North Carolina
Spanish forts in the United States
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackie%20Spinner
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Jackie Spinner
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Jackie Spinner is an American journalist who worked for The Washington Post from 1995 to 2009.
Biography
Spinner grew up in Decatur, Illinois, the daughter of a pipe fitter and a schoolteacher. She has a bachelor of science degree in journalism from Southern Illinois University Carbondale and a master's degree at the Graduate School of Journalism at the University of California at Berkeley.
Spinner was a U.S. Fulbright Scholar in Oman for the 2010–2011 academic year. She left the Post in 2009 and founded Angel Says: Read, an international literacy project based in Belize, Central America. In 2010, she returned to Iraq to start the award-winning AUI-S Voice, Iraq's first independent student newspaper at The American University of Iraq—Sulaimani. During her time as a Fulbright Scholar, Spinner taught digital journalism at Sultan Qaboos University in Oman, where she founded Al Mir’ah, the university's first independent student newspaper. Jackie writes, shoots photos and produces audio slideshows and video for the Web. She has contributed to the Christian Science Monitor, Chicago Tribune, Slate, Glamour, Aswat al-Iraq, American Journalism Review, Defense Quarterly Standard and U.S. Catholic News. She is the author of Tell Them I Didn't Cry: A young journalist's story of joy, loss and survival in Iraq (Scribner 2006). Jackie has reported from Iraq, Afghanistan, Jordan, Oman, Ecuador, Hungary, Spain, Morocco, Finland, Iceland and Kuwait. She is a member of the Society of Professional Journalists, Journalism and Women’s Symposium, College Media Advisers and Military Reporters & Editors Association.
Spinner arrived as the most junior member of The Washington Post bureau staff, working as a metro reporter and financial reporter, before becoming Baghdad Bureau Chief. In Iraq, she survived mortar attacks, car bombs, the Battle for Fallujah, and a kidnapping attempt outside of Abu Ghraib prison. She has contributed to MSNBC, PBS, CNN, BBC, ABC, and National Public Radio, and was featured in a PBS Frontline documentary on reporting the war in Iraq.
Spinner's most recent project was Don't Forget Me, a documentary about autism in Morocco. The film premiered at the Rabat International Film Festival.
She is currently an associate professor of journalism at Columbia College Chicago.
Works
Tell Them I Didn’t Cry (2006)
References
External links
Official website
NPR interview with Terry Gross, 25 January 2006.
C-SPAN Q&A interview with Jackie and Jenny Spinner, January 29, 2006
1970 births
Living people
American women journalists
Writers from Decatur, Illinois
Southern Illinois University Carbondale alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
The Washington Post people
Sultan Qaboos University faculty
American women academics
21st-century American journalists
21st-century American women
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25491619
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryszard%20Czerniawski
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Ryszard Czerniawski
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Ryszard Waldemar Czerniawski (20 August 1952 – 31 August 2019) was a Polish lawyer and economist.
Biography
He studied Law at the University of Warsaw and international trade at SGH Warsaw School of Economics. He worked as a journalist from 1976 to 1990, first at the Polish Press Agency and then at the weekly Prawo i Życie (Law and Life). In 2008, he received a Doctor of Laws degree from Lazarski University and in 2015 habilitation from University of Białystok.
Between 1990 and 1991 he was head of the Legal Department within the Capital Markets Development Division at the Ministry of Privatisation; and from 1991 until 1994 a Director of the Legal Department at the Warsaw Stock Exchange, eventually becoming Vice-Chairman of the Board of the Warsaw Stock Exchange in 1994, where he worked until June 2006.
From 1994 until 2006, Czerniawski was a member of the Supervisory Board of the National Depository for Securities, and between 1998 and 2001 served as the board's Chairman. In the period 2001–2003, he was a member of the Supervisory Board of Centrum Giełdowe S.A. and the company's subsidiary Infogiełda SA.
He was the author of numerous publications on securities trading, including the first edition of Commentary on the Privatisation Act (1990), Commentary on Commercial Companies' Code provisions relating to Joint Stock Companies (2001), and Commentary on the Bonds Act (2003). He is also the co-author of a commentary on the Securities Public Trading Act (1996, 2001, 2002) and a guide for supervisory board members Between law and finance (2007). Czerniawski's other publications include Giełdy (Stock Markets) (1992), Poradnik akcjonariusza (Shareholders' Handbook) (1991), Statuty Giełdy Warszawskiej (Statutes of the Warsaw Stock Exchange) (1995), the English edition of Statutes of the Warsaw Stock Exchange (1999) and Zarząd spółki akcyjnej (The Management Board of a Joint Stock Company) (2007).
From 2012 to 2015 he was also vice-ombudsman.
In 2000 he was awarded Knight's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta.
Death
He died on 31 August 2019.
References
External links
Warsaw Stock Exchange
list of articles connected with Ryszard Czerniawski from Gazeta.pl
1952 births
2019 deaths
Polish economists
University of Warsaw alumni
SGH Warsaw School of Economics alumni
Knights of the Order of Polonia Restituta
SWPS University faculty
Polish jurists
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60495196
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan%20El-Haddad
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Hassan El-Haddad
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Hassan El-Haddad (born 5 July 1957) is an Egyptian wrestler. He competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics and the 1988 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1957 births
Living people
Egyptian male sport wrestlers
Olympic wrestlers of Egypt
Wrestlers at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Wrestlers at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing (living people)
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4094615
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayvac%C4%B1k%2C%20%C3%87anakkale
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Ayvacık, Çanakkale
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Ayvacık is a town and district of Çanakkale Province in the Marmara region of Turkey. According to the 2007 census, population of the district is 30,027, of which 7,457 live in the town of Ayvacık. The district covers an area of , and the town lies at an elevation of . During the Gallipoli campaign in World War I, it was the target of several allied attacks.
Notes
References
External links
District municipality's official website
Road map of Ayvacık and environs
Various images of Akliman in Ayvacık, Çanakkale
Various images of Küçükkuyu in Ayvacık, Çanakkale
Populated places in Çanakkale Province
Districts of Çanakkale Province
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48938878
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sajitha%20R.%20Shankar
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Sajitha R. Shankar
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Sajitha R. Shankhar (Sajitha Gouwry) ( Sajita Āj̳a Śaŋkaj̳a; born 9 December 1967) is an internationally acclaimed contemporary artist from India. Her paintings are featured in numerous public and private collections, including the National Gallery of Modern Art, Bangalore; the National Gallery of Modern Art; the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts; Lalit Kala Akademi, New Delhim; and the Middlesbrough Institute of Modern Art. Her preferred medium is charcoal and acrylic on paper. Her most recent installation is titled Tantric Yoni, a painting made out of turmeric, vermilion powder, rice powder, and burnt husk of paddy. The painting was created for the 2013 One Billion Rising campaign in Kochi.
Life
Sajitha.r.Shankhar was born in 1967 at Kumaranalloor, Kottayam, Kerala. After successfully completing a BFA degree from the Government College of Art & Craft, Thiruvananthapuram, she worked for three years at the Regional Centre Studios of the Lalit Kala Akademi Chennai. Later, from 1989-2004, she lived and worked at Cholamandal Artists' Village. During this period, she traveled to the major art centers in the world, attended workshops, did collaborative work with other artists and writers abroad, and hosted several major art galleries across Asia and Europe. Her first solo exhibition was in 1987, at the age of 20. Sajitha has a daughter named Shilpy R. Shankar.
As an artist
Sajitha was a member of the Lalit Kala Akademi, Kerala, from 2002-2011. She also served as a Governing body member of Vyloppilli Samnkruti Bhavan, Trivandrum, Kerala from 2006-2011. In 2007, she founded the Gowry Art Institute on the banks of the Vamanapuram river in Kallar, with the goal of promoting the work of female artists, as well as to provide an inclusive space for promoting various cultural activities.
Career
Sajitha R. Shankhar has held 22 solo and 50 group art shows of her works in a wide variety of cities in India, as well as others across Europe.
She has also taken part in countless workshops and art camps, as well as organizing many of her own.
References
Indian women painters
People from Kottayam district
1967 births
Living people
Painters from Kerala
20th-century Indian painters
20th-century Indian women artists
Women artists from Kerala
21st-century Indian women artists
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42797593
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel%20Gallardo%20Sevilla
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Israel Gallardo Sevilla
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Israel Raymundo Gallardo Sevilla (born 30 November 1971) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Action Party. As of 2014 he served as Deputy of the LIX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Puebla.
References
1971 births
Living people
Politicians from the State of Mexico
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)
National Action Party (Mexico) politicians
21st-century Mexican politicians
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61356613
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WKN%20World%20Cup%202019
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WKN World Cup 2019
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WKN World Cup 2019 was a kickboxing and mixed martial arts event held at Eventfinda Stadium in Auckland, New Zealand on November 30, 2019.
Background
The event marked the first time when kickboxing and mixed martial arts titles were contested at the world level on the same event in New Zealand.
The event saw the tournament with up to 30 amateur world cup trophies up for grabs.
In the main event former UFC fighter Roan Carneiro of Brazil earned WKN Middleweight MMA title by submission in the first round against previously 15-fight undefeated Kelvin Joseph of New Zealand.
WKN World Super Heavyweight championship bout between the champion Grégory Tony and former UFC Heavyweight title challenger and former Cage Rage World Heavyweight champion Antonio Silva was expected to headline the last day of competition. The fight was cancelled due to withdrawal of Silva, who wasn't medically cleared after suffering the defeat by knockout in his previous bout.
Fight Card
References
2019 in kickboxing
Sport in Auckland
Kickboxing in New Zealand
World Kickboxing Network events
November 2019 sports events in New Zealand
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48161671
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukit%20Bintang%20MRT%20station
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Bukit Bintang MRT station
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The Bukit Bintang MRT station, or otherwise due to sponsorship reasons, Pavilion Kuala Lumpur-Bukit Bintang MRT station (working name: Bukit Bintang Sentral station) is a Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) underground station in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Construction started around 2012 and opened on 17 July 2017. It served as one of the stations on the Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit (KVMRT) Kajang Line, formerly known as Sungai Buloh–Kajang Line. The station has 5 walkways and entrances that is connected to iconic buildings and malls in the Bukit Bintang locality, including Pavilion KL, Starhill Gallery and Fahrenheit 88 shopping malls. The main theme of the MRT station is Dynamic Pulse of Colour.
This MRT station, despite its name, is not integrated and not to be confused with the separate Bukit Bintang Monorail station, which is serviced by the KL Monorail line instead. Paid zone-to-paid zone integration was once proposed but not constructed at the moment.
History and background
According to earlier plans, there were meant to be two stations in Bukit Bintang, namely Bukit Bintang West and Bukit Bintang East (or Bukit Bintang 1 and Bukit Bintang 2), but was later reduced to only one Bukit Bintang station after public display and feedback. This was reflected in the stations rather odd numbering .
The construction of the MRT station started around 2012 and ended around mid-2017. It was opened on 17 July 2017 as part of Phase 2 of the Sungai Buloh-Kajang Line.
Station naming rights
The station naming rights are acquired by Pavilion Kuala Lumpur that owns the Pavilion Kuala Lumpur shopping center, a high-end and high-street shopping mall, situated in the vicinity of the station located east of the station.
Location
The MRT station is situated in the heart of Bukit Bintang (translated from Malay to English as "Starhill"), a shopping hub in the Kuala Lumpur Golden Triangle commercial district. Located underneath Jalan Bukit Bintang, the station's entrances are located along the iconic intersection of Jalan Bukit Bintang and Jalan Sultan Ismail.
Interchange
The station will only be connected to the station to the Bukit Bintang Monorail station located right beside the station, and not by paid area-to-paid area transfer, due to the lack of space, although it might be proposed and constructed in the future. Those transferring from the MRT station to the monorail station will have to walk along the Yayasan Selangor building or Lot 10 shopping mall to get to the MRT station from the Monorail station and vice versa, although both stations are only a stone's throw away from each other. The walkway to the monorail station is uncovered.
This arrangement was similar to Masjid Jamek, in which the Ampang Line and Kelana Jaya Line stations were not integrated and functioned as two separate stations, until their ticketing systems were integrated in 2011.
Station Layout
The layout for the station has its own unique features that are not found in other stations in the Klang Valley. It has up to 5 entrances around the crossroads of Jalan Bukit Bintang and Jalan Sultan Ismail, allowing commuters access to several malls in the vicinity, for example Pavilion Kuala Lumpur and Lot 10. The station, being located in an area with limited space, required it to be built underground at about 28m deep. This was to avoid demolishing buildings along the Jalan Bukit Bintang road to make way for construction. The station contains the longest escalator for all 31 stations along the SBK route at 20 metres. Bukit Bintang MRT station is also unique in a sense that it is one of only two stations on the line with split platforms, which means the platforms are stacked one on the other; one for -bound trains and one for Kajang-bound trains.
Exits and Entrance
Exit B is reserved for the future integration between the MRT station and the Monorail station.
Design
As with all of the underground station of the MRT, Bukit Bintang station is also given an artistic interior theme, which is "Dynamic". The theme, chosen to represent the dynamic and exciting elements of the country's top central business district, is reflected with different tones of red on the walls in the interior of the station that suggest movements.
Around the station
Fahrenheit 88
Lot 10
Starhill Gallery
Sungei Wang Plaza
Pavilion Kuala Lumpur
Bukit Bintang monorail station
References
External links
Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit website
Rapid transit stations in Kuala Lumpur
Sungai Buloh-Kajang Line
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34650949
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidnap%20Syndicate
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Kidnap Syndicate
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Kidnap Syndicate () is a 1975 Italian poliziottesco film directed by Fernando Di Leo. Even being a minor work in the Di Leo's filmography, the film gained some critical attention for being an original re-interpretation of the "vigilante" subgenre.
Cast
Luc Merenda as Mario Colella
James Mason as Engineer Filippini
Valentina Cortese as Countess Grazia Filippini
Vittorio Caprioli as Commissioner Magrini
Irina Maleeva as Lina
Marino Masé as Pardi
Production
The film's story is credited to Galliano Juso, the producer of the film. The film's director Fernando Di Leo stated that the producer came up with the idea for the film based on kidnappings which he described as "a hot topic back then". Di Leo stated that the producer would call up the distributors in Italy to tell them the story for the film and if more of them were not interested in the story than were, it would not get made. Ernesto Gastaldi stated that despite being credited with Cesare Manzani that he himself wrote the script for the film, stating that Juso did come up with the idea for the film but that Di Leo did not write it, stating that the two just discussed the script after it was already completed with Gastaldi making adjustments where Di Leo felt the script was wrong. Gastaldi described the film as a "nasty film about nasty times".
The film was shot at Rizzoli Film in Rome and on location in Rome and Milan.
Release
Kidnap Syndicate was distributed theatrically in Italy by Medusa on 27 August 1975. The film grossed a total of 908,268,910 Italian lire domestically. Italian film historian Roberto Curti described its profit as a "moderate box office success".
Reception
Curti stated that the film was lambasted by Italian film critics. Claudio G. Fava stated in Corriere Mercantile that "all the worst defects of the worst of Italian cinema can be found in this minutely banal film" Sandro Casazza of La Stampa declared it as a "immoral and asocial film (the thread dedicated to the "silent majority" numbers a large number of titles ever since Straw Dogs)."
References
Footnotes
Sources
External links
1975 films
1970s crime drama films
1970s crime thriller films
Italian films
Films directed by Fernando Di Leo
Poliziotteschi films
Crime films based on actual events
Films about child abduction
Films about families
Films about mass murder
Films about murder
Films about social class
Films scored by Luis Bacalov
Films about hostage takings
Italian crime thriller films
Italian vigilante films
Films with screenplays by Ernesto Gastaldi
1975 drama films
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30937040
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taichi%20Sato
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Taichi Sato
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is a former Japanese football player.
Playing career
Sato was born in Saitama Prefecture on August 23, 1977. After graduating from high school, he joined his local club Urawa Reds in 1996. Although he debuted in 1997 season, he could hardly play in the match. In 1999, he moved to newly was promoted to J2 League club, Omiya Ardija. Although he played many matches in 1999, his opportunity to play decreased in 2000. In 2001, he moved to Montedio Yamagata. However he could not play many matches and retired end of 2001 season.
Club statistics
References
External links
1977 births
Living people
Japanese footballers
Association football people from Saitama Prefecture
J1 League players
J2 League players
Urawa Red Diamonds players
Omiya Ardija players
Montedio Yamagata players
Association football forwards
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4740618
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southport%20and%20Cheshire%20Lines%20Extension%20Railway
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Southport and Cheshire Lines Extension Railway
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The Southport & Cheshire Lines Extension Railway was an early British railway company operating in the then county of Lancashire. It was constructed to link the Cheshire Lines Committee railway at Aintree to Southport. It operated from 1884 to 1952.
History
The Southport & Cheshire Lines Extension Railway was authorised by two Acts of Parliament, 11 August 1881 and 18 August 1882, the first authorising the line as far as Birkdale and the second the remaining section to Southport Lord Street. It was promoted by the Cheshire Lines Committee (CLC) and was a natural extension of their North Liverpool Extension Line to Southport.
The line was built as a double track railway opening on 1 September 1884. The line was worked by the CLC under arrangements made in its Acts of Parliament, these Acts were ratified and amended in 1889 to allow working with other companies.
The railway remained independent until nationalisation in 1948.
Route
North Liverpool Extension Line
Aintree Central, Aintree. 13 July 1880 – 7 November 1960.
Southport Junction
Junction with Liverpool, Ormskirk and Preston Railway
Sefton and Maghull, Maghull. 1884–1952.
Lydiate, Lydiate. 1884–1952.
Altcar and Hillhouse, Altcar 1884–1952.
Junction with Liverpool, Southport and Preston Junction Railway 1884.
Mossbridge 1884–1917.
Woodvale, Woodvale. 1884–1952.
Ainsdale Beach, Ainsdale. 1901–1952.
Birkdale Palace, Birkdale. 1884–1952.
Southport Lord Street, Southport. 1884–1952.
Closure
Passenger services ended 7 January 1952 and goods six months later. The line remained in intermittent use from Aintree to Altcar and Hillhouse to provide access to private sidings until May 1960, when the line was finally lifted.
The route today
The trackbed forms part of National Cycle Network Route 62, the Trans Pennine Trail. From Woodvale northwards the trail is joined by the Southport Coastal Road.
In January 2019, Campaign for Better Transport released a report identifying the line which was listed as Priority 2 for reopening. Priority 2 is for those lines which require further development or a change in circumstances (such as housing developments).
References
Footnotes
Sources
External links
Historic map of railways in Liverpool
Childwall railway station
The line and mileages via Railwaycodes
Closed railway lines in North West England
Cheshire Lines Committee Lines
Rail transport in Merseyside
Railway lines opened in 1884
Railway lines closed in 1952
Rail trails in England
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47531768
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubus%20miser
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Rubus miser
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Rubus miser is a Mesoamerican species of brambles in the rose family. It grows in southern Mexico (Oaxaca, Chiapas) and Central America (Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panamá).
Rubus miser is an arching shrub with curved prickles. Leaves are compound with 3 thick, leathery leaflets. Fruits are black and very sour.
References
miser
Flora of Central America
Flora of Mexico
Plants described in 1853
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28314911
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caecum%20atlantidis
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Caecum atlantidis
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Caecum atlantidis is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Caecidae.
Description
Distribution
References
Caecidae
Gastropods described in 1897
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23857022
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maybe%20%28Ingrid%20Michaelson%20song%29
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Maybe (Ingrid Michaelson song)
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"Maybe" is the first single off Ingrid Michaelson's fourth studio album, Everybody. The song was featured on the ABC medical drama Body of Proof in the episode "Society Hill", the sixth episode of the first season. It was also used in Season 4 of the USA network show In Plain Sight in the episode "I'm a Liver, Not a Fighter," at the end of "The Glades" Season 3 Episode 2 ("Poseidon Adventure"), and in a Hair Cuttery commercial.
Reviews
Billboard stated that:
The last track to make it onto Ingrid Michaelson's upcoming album, "Maybe" gets off to a melancholy start but quickly takes off thanks to resonant lyrics. Over a radio-friendly chorus, the singer resolves to embrace the uncertainty around her faltering relationship. "The only way to really know, is to really let it go," she concludes, moments after hoping for a romantic comeback. The production continues to build until two-thirds of the way through the song, when it abruptly strips down to a single layer of vocals accompanied by fragile guitar strums. This 10-second ease illuminates the sincerity in Michaelson's voice. Then the optimistic hook takes off again, and it becomes clear that the song's duality is all too reminiscent of real-life affairs. Much like her approach to music, Michaelson's love story is strong, risky and mature.
Charts
References
2009 singles
Songs written by Ingrid Michaelson
Ingrid Michaelson songs
2009 songs
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35567889
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arachnospila%20trivialis
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Arachnospila trivialis
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Arachnospila trivialis is a widespread spider wasp of sandy soil areas of the Palaearctic.
Description
A medium-sized red and black spider wasp. The males have a quite distinctive genital plate, but females are very similar to other species assigned to the subgenus Ammosphex, such as A. anceps and considerable care is required to identify them.
Distribution
Northern and central Europe, including southern and western areas of Great Britain, and across Asia to the Pacific.
Biology
A trivialis is single brooded, flying from May to August. The only confirmed prey are spiders of the genus Xysticus and it may prey on wolf spiders of the family Lycosidae too. Apparently little appears to be known about A trivialis nesting biology, but like other Arachnospila species it is likely to excavate a nest in loose sand having already paralysed a spider and concealed it in nearby vegetation. Adults have been observed to visit the flowers of wild parsnip. A. trivialis will prey on spiders of both sexes while most spider wasps prefer to prey on females.
References
Hymenoptera of Europe
Pompilinae
Insects described in 1843
Taxa named by Anders Gustaf Dahlbom
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2870235
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Candyskins
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The Candyskins
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The Candyskins were an English rock band formed in 1989 in Oxford, England. Though early members of the 'Oxford Scene', they enjoyed limited commercial success compared to their contemporaries Radiohead and Supergrass. They were considered by the British music press as one of the seminal early bands of the Britpop era. The band recorded four studio albums over a period of eight years before breaking up in 1998 and reuniting in 2009.
History
The band owes its origins to Mark and Nick Cope, Nick Burton and John Halliday all living in the same village, Islip, Oxfordshire, and attending the same local secondary school (Gosford Hill School) between around 1974 and 1980. The four Islip members of the band had begun working together by the time they left school and various line-ups and name-changes followed during the 1980s, until "The Candyskins" were formed in 1989, with Richard (mini) Brown on bass and banjo. After the successful release of the single "Submarine Song" in 1990, the band went into the studio to produce their first full-length album Space I'm In. The album included three singles: "Submarine Song", "She Blew Me Away" and "You Are Here". Brown left the band before the album was released.
After a year of touring and the replacement of a stand-in bass player with Karl Shale, the band released their second album Fun? on Geffen Records in 1993. Characteristically, the band attempted to build upon the US success of Space I'm In with an ironic album featuring songs about football and gardening. The poor selling record began an elongated legal dispute between the record company and the band, reportedly due to disagreements over songwriting royalties.
The album Sunday Morning Fever was released on Ultimate in the UK in 1997, and saw the band enjoy their biggest chart success with the single "Monday Morning" making it into the Top 40 of the UK Singles Chart. The record company went bankrupt and the band were left in limbo during the recording of their last album Death of a Minor TV Celebrity. The album did not do as well as their previous efforts, despite featuring the single "Feed It" which was one of the central songs on the soundtrack to the movie The Waterboy starring Adam Sandler.
Break-up
The band broke up in 1998 and members now primarily pursue other projects in the music industry. Mark Cope has a new band Nine Stone Cowboy, and has released several singles including "Jesus Doesn't Like Me". Nick Cope writes and records music for children. John Halliday has produced many bands in his studio in Oxford, Shonk Studios.
Reformation
The band have re-united on several occasions since their break-up, fuelling rumours that they may one day reform. Notable public performances included:
A farewell gig on New Year's Eve, 2001 at The Zodiac.
The last night party of The Zodiac in Oxford on 17 May 2007. The event was filmed for a documentary about the history of the Oxford music scene, Anyone Can Play Guitar (in which The Candyskins featured). Over two thousand people attended the sold-out show. They also played at the Carling Academy, Oxford, in what was The Zodiac, on 8 August 2008.
They performed at the Truck Festival on 26 July 2009, on a bill that included old Oxford friends Supergrass, amongst others.
Line-up
Nick Cope – Vocals
Nick Burton – Guitar
Mark Cope – Guitar
Brett Gordon – Bass
Karl Shale – Bass
John Halliday – Drums
Relations
Nick and Mark Cope are the sons of actor Kenneth Cope and brothers of actress Martha Cope. Nick Burton is the son of the industrial historian Anthony Burton.
Discography
Albums
Singles
References
External links
Musical groups established in 1989
1989 establishments in the United Kingdom
English rock music groups
Britpop groups
Geffen Records artists
Musical groups disestablished in 1998
Musical groups reestablished in 2009
Music in Oxford
Musical groups from Oxford
Sibling musical groups
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13949361
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswegatchie%20Pumping%20Station
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Oswegatchie Pumping Station
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The Oswegatchie Pumping Station is a pumping station on the Oswegatchie River at Ogdensburg in St. Lawrence County, New York. It was built in 1868 of random ashlar limestone. It is a two-story fortress like structure which features engaged tower projections at each of its four corners.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.
References
Transportation buildings and structures in St. Lawrence County, New York
Water supply pumping stations on the National Register of Historic Places
Water in New York (state)
Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Industrial buildings completed in 1868
National Register of Historic Places in St. Lawrence County, New York
1868 establishments in New York (state)
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19543879
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countersteam%20brake
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Countersteam brake
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A countersteam brake is a brake on a steam locomotive that uses the engine (specifically the cylinders) to help brake the locomotive.
It uses the working principle of steam cylinders fitted with slide or piston valves such that, by changing the configuration of the valve gear, the motion of the valves is also altered such that they work in opposition to the movement of the pistons.
Because of the inertia of a steam locomotive in its initial direction of travel, changing the direction in which the steam cylinders have to work acts first to brake the movement of the connecting rod, which in turn slows the transmission of power to the drive of the locomotive until it stops.
The countersteam brake is often confused with the counterpressure brake, which works with air, not steam, and acts as a dynamic brake. Unlike the countersteam brake, the counterpressure brake is permitted to be used as an independent braking system in its own right.
Operation
The countersteam brake is actually not a brake in the true sense; but simply a way of using the working principle of a steam engine to produce a braking effect. It is therefore not a separate component of a steam locomotive. Countersteam braking is however only achievable with piston valves. On simple slide valves, no opposing steam admission is possible due to the way they are constructed.
Using the countersteam brake, experienced locomotive drivers can reverse the running direction of a steam locomotive almost as if it hasn't been brought to a stop, because the actual changeover point occurs whilst the locomotive is still moving in the initial direction of travel. This technique requires detailed knowledge and experience because if it is not carried out correctly, damage to the locomotive engine may result.
On steam locomotives without a second independent brake system (like e.g. a compressed-air brake, vacuum brake or steam brake) for the engine, in addition to the usual counterweight or fixed brake, the countersteam brake was used as a braking system. Today, steam locomotives generally have to have two independent brake systems in order to be licensed, so that the countersteam brake is not viewed as a braking system, but is nevertheless still used.
Sources
Heym, Rudolf: Wie funktioniert sie eigentlich, die Dampflok?, Bruckmann, 2004,
Railway brakes
Steam locomotive technologies
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23276360
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Abercromby%2C%20Lord%20Abercromby
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Alexander Abercromby, Lord Abercromby
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Alexander Abercromby, Lord Abercromby of Tullibody (1745–1795) was a Scottish advocate, judge and essayist.
Life
Abercromby was born in Tullibody House in Clackmannanshire on 15 October 1745, the fourth and youngest son of George Abercromby of Tullibody (1705-1800) and Mary Dundas. Two of his brothers entered the army; one of them became general Sir Ralph Abercromby. Alexander was the brother-in-law of Robert Bruce, Lord Kennet and James Edmonstone.
Alexander studied law at the University of Edinburgh, where he seems to have been chiefly distinguished for his handsome person and engaging disposition. He was admitted a member of the Faculty of Advocates in 1766, and was soon afterwards (1770) appointed sheriff-depute of Clackmannanshire.
However, personal residence was not required within the county served, and he continued the practice of his profession at the bar in Edinburgh. In 1780 he resigned his sheriffship and was appointed one of the advocates-depute by Henry Dundas, then Lord Advocate of Scotland, and acquired a good practice. He also helped Henry Mackenzie, the author of the Man of Feeling, to start the Mirror, published at Edinburgh in 1779, and contributed to the Lounger in 1785 and 1786.
Abercromby's papers show much correctness of style and tenderness of expression. In 1792 he took his seat on the bench of the Court of Session under the judicial title of Lord Abercromby, and a few months afterwards was appointed one of the lords commissioners of justiciary.
In Edinburgh his offices were at Parliament Square and his house was at Horse Wynd.
Publications
Lord Abercromby's known contributions to literature consist of ten papers in the Mirror and nine in the Lounger.
Freemasonry
He was a Scottish Freemason having been Initiated in Lodge Canongate Kilwinning, No.2, (Edinburgh). He subsequently became an Affiliate Member of The Lodge of Holyrood House (St Luke's), No.44, in July 1774.
Death
On 17 November 1795, he died of pulmonary disease at Exmouth.
References
Attribution
Further reading
External links
The Grand Lodge of Scotland
1745 births
1795 deaths
18th-century Scottish people
People from Clackmannanshire
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh School of Law
Founder Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Members of the Faculty of Advocates
Scottish essayists
Abercromby
Scottish Freemasons
18th-century Scottish lawyers
Scottish sheriffs
Alexander
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905585
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Findochty
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Findochty
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Findochty (pronounced , , ) is a village in Moray, Scotland, on the shores of the Moray Firth; historically it was part of Banffshire. The Gaelic name of the village was recorded by Diack using his own transcription method as fanna-guchti, which is of unclear meaning. One of the earliest references to Findochty is in 1440, when the king granted Findachtifeild to John Dufe, son of John Dufe. The lands passed from the Duffs to the Ogilvies of Findlater, and subsequently, in 1568, the Ord family acquired the manor, port, custom, and fishers' lands of Findochty, and later built the House of Findochty, known as Findochty Castle, now a ruin, which stands to the west of the village. In 1716 the Ords brought 13 men and 4 boys from Fraserburgh under contract to fish from Findochty, and for a time the harbour was busy with landings of herring and white fish. Findochty expanded as a fishing port through the 1700s and 1800s, and by 1850 was home to 140 fishing boats. But the expansion in the late 1800s of nearby Buckie provided a better harbour, and some of the fishing fleet had left Findochty by 1890. Findochty harbour is now used mostly by pleasure craft and is a good sun spot when the tide is out. A local artist, Correna Cowie, created a statue in 1959 of a seated fisherman, known as The Mannie, who watches over the harbour.
In addition to characteristic painted cottages, a white-painted Church of Scotland church, and a scenic harbour overlooked to the west by the local war memorial, the village has basic amenities including a pub, a small supermarket, a pharmacy and a post office. There is a caravan site at the west of the village, behind The Admirals pub. The caravan park looks out onto a rock formation known as Edindoune and a bay past which schools of Moray Firth dolphins can sometimes be seen. For sailors, there is a marina and pontoons. The harbour is well protected from the elements by sturdy quays, one of which is topped with a small disused lighthouse.
The people of Findochty speak in the Scots dialect of Doric and the accent can be thick and hard to understand for outsiders.
In 1901, old animal bones taken to be made into implements, were discovered in a cave found in the cliff near the present bowling green. Horn spoons and needles without eyes and even a broken lignite armlet were found. The bones were dated as possibly prehistoric to middle age, but they have since been lost. The cave was destroyed within a few months of discovery by subsequent quarrying for rock to build local houses and roads.
To the east of the village the cliffs rise toward Tronach Head, honeycombed with caves and inlets. Clifftop paths link Findochty with the neighbouring village of Portknockie and West to Strathlene on the outskirts of Buckie in the other direction.
The cliffs are the home to myriad seabirds. There are substantial rock formations such as the Priest Craigs, and the Horses Head. West of the village lies the 18 hole Strathlene golf course, bounded to the north by coastal footpaths and low cliffs, making the errant drive from some tees particularly costly. At the south side of the course lies the road linking Findochty to Portessie and Strathlene. Adjacent to this can be seen the remains of Findochty castle. Access to the castle is not normally permitted as it is located in the midst of a working farm.
Many of the villagers work in the oil and gas industry - as is true of much of the surrounding area - due mainly to the downturn in the Scottish fishing industry over the last 30 – 40 years and the area's relative proximity to Aberdeen.
It is said that the original fishermen came from Fraserburgh which is known as "The Broch". In 1716 The Broch was Burghead. The harbour at Burghead was ruined by the sea just before then. 1716 is also the year after the
1st Jacobite uprising. Maybe some of the folk were hiding from King George's army.
Churches
There are a number of churches in this small village, including Church of Scotland, Salvation Army, & Methodist congregations. There are also the Christian Brethren at Chapel Street, and at the Station Road Hall -which has an annual Bible Conference every September drawing Christians from all parts of the British Isles and many overseas countries.
Notable people
Isla St Clair, singer
References
External links
Panorama from Findochty Pier (QuickTime required)
Villages in Moray
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9957624
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switching%20Control%20Center%20System
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Switching Control Center System
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The Switching Control Center System was an operations support system developed by Bell Laboratories and deployed during the early 1970s. This computer system was first based on the PDP-11 product line from Digital Equipment Corporation and used the CB Unix operating system and custom application software and device drivers that were developed and maintained by Bell Labs in Columbus, Ohio USA. SCCS was ported to the AT&T 3B20 and 3B5 computers running UNIX System V Release 2 in the early 1980s.
Prior to the SCCS, many telephone company switching centers were staffed 24 hours a day 365 days a year. With SCCS, telephone companies could significantly reduce the number of technicians and dispatch them as required to resolve problems or perform routine maintenance operations.
During the early 1970s, telephone companies began to phase out the older electromechanical switching systems such as the Number 1 Crossbar, Number 5 Crossbar, and step-by-step circuit switching systems and replace them with newer electronic switching systems that were controlled by proprietary computers but still used analog switch fabrics such as Bell-proprietary ferreed switch devices.
The SCCS system was phased out during the late 1990s and replaced by an OSS known as Network Monitoring and Analysis or NMA that was developed by Bell Communications Research now Telcordia Technologies. AT&T developed additional products based on SCCS software, such as Compulert.
The primary purpose of the SCCS system was to provide operations, administration, maintenance, and provisioning (OAMP) functions for telephone company network operations staff. The SCCS accepted as input the slow 110 baud Teletype messages from circuit switching systems such as the Number 1 ESS, Number 2 ESS, Number 3 ESS, Number 5 ESS, and Traffic Service Position System (TSPS) network switches and provide analysis, reports, troubleshooting support, and other functions using newer faster DataSpeed-40 terminals.
This system was documented in the Bell System Technical Journal and AT&T internal Bell System Practices during the 1970s.
References
Telephony
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48590444
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%20Kristoffersen
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Per Kristoffersen
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Per Kristoffersen (born 12 October 1937) is a Norwegian former footballer who played as a striker for Fredrikstad and the national team.
Career
Born in Fredrikstad, Per Kristoffersen played for Fredrikstad and the national team. He became league champion three times and won the Norwegian Cup four times. Kristoffersen became top scorer in the Norwegian top flight four times. He was capped 25 times and scored 6 international goals for Norway.
References
External links
1937 births
Living people
Norwegian footballers
Fredrikstad FK players
Eliteserien players
Association football forwards
Norway international footballers
Norway youth international footballers
Norway under-21 international footballers
Sportspeople from Fredrikstad
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57224904
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963%E2%80%9364%20Athenian%20League
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1963–64 Athenian League
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The 1963–64 Athenian League season was the 41st in the history of Athenian League. The league consisted of 43 teams.
Premier Division
The division featured 14 teams:
12 came from last seasons Athenian League
2 came from last seasons Corinthian League:
Dagenham (4.)
Maidenhead United (7.)
League table
Division One
The division featured 14 teams, all teams came from last seasons Corinthian League
League table
Division Two
The division featured 15 teams, all teams came from last seasons Delphian League
League table
References
1963–64 in English football leagues
Athenian League
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104903
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union%20Grove%2C%20Alabama
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Union Grove, Alabama
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Union Grove is a town in Marshall County, Alabama, United States, and is included in the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area. Union Grove is located approximately from Guntersville Lake and from Arab. Electricity service in Union Grove is provided through Arab Electric Cooperative, which comes through the Tennessee Valley Authority. As of the 2010 census, the population of the town was 77.
Geography
Union Grove is located at (34.400088, -86.446049).
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 94 people, 38 households, and 28 families residing in the town. The population density was 165.5 people per square mile (63.7/km). There were 41 housing units at an average density of 72.2 per square mile (27.8/km). The racial makeup of the town was 97.87% White, 1.06% Native American and 1.06% Asian.
There were 38 households, out of which 31.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.5% were married couples living together, 7.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.3% were non-families. 21.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.89.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 21.3% under the age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 30.9% from 25 to 44, 22.3% from 45 to 64, and 19.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $36,250, and the median income for a family was $36,250. Males had a median income of $32,292 versus $19,375 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,467. There were 15.4% of families and 9.8% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 20.0% of those over 64.
Education
Union Grove is served by the Marshall County School System. Most of its school age children go to Brindlee Mountain Primary from kindergarten through the 2nd grade, Brindlee Mountain Elementary from the 3rd through the 5th grade, then Brindlee Mountain Middle School from 6th to 8th and the Brindlee Mountain High School from the 9th through 12th grades.
In the Civil War the Union troops camped there for some time after passing through Parches Cove. It became known thereafter as Union Grove.
References
Towns in Marshall County, Alabama
Towns in Alabama
Huntsville-Decatur-Albertville, AL Combined Statistical Area
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35207729
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest%20Peake
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Ernest Peake
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Ernest Peake (born May 1888) was a Welsh footballer who played as a defender for Liverpool in the English Football League. Peake was a Welsh international who played for Aberystwyth Town F.C. before he signed for Liverpool in 1909. He only appeared sporadically until the 1912–13 season when he played 26 matches. He was unable to command a regular place in the team and he left for Scottish team Third Lanark A.C. in 1914.
His brother, Robert, was a Welsh amateur international and played for Cardiff City and Rochdale.
References
1888 births
Welsh footballers
Liverpool F.C. players
Third Lanark A.C. players
English Football League players
Year of death missing
Association football defenders
Wales international footballers
Scottish Football League players
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37108678
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ya%20Foy%21
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Ya Foy!
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Ya Foy! is Sarazino's 2009 release on the independent label Cumbancha. The world music album features Toots Hibbert, of Toots and the Maytals, as well as African singer Revelino. The album features influence from various genres such as reggae, Latin music, hip-hop, and African funk.
Track list
References
External links
Exclaim! review
The Australian review
Album on AllMusic
World music albums by Algerian artists
2009 albums
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47169919
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diadelia%20imitatrix
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Diadelia imitatrix
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Diadelia imitatrix is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1939.
References
Diadelia
Beetles described in 1939
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17807449
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless%20HDMI
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Wireless HDMI
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Wireless HDMI is a colloquial term for wireless high-definition audio and video signals connectivity on consumer electronics products.
Currently, most HD wireless transmission technologies use unlicensed 5 GHz, 60 GHz or 190 GHz radio frequencies and include:
various proprietary protocols for wireless transmission (LG "Wireless 1080p", Philips "Wireless HDTV Link", Sony "Bravia Wireless Link", Asus "Wireless Display Connectivity", etc.);
there are several technologies attempting to become the industry standards like WirelessHD, Wireless Home Digital Interface and the WiGig;
proprietary video compression schemes that work over 802.11n and similar wireless interfaces;
Asus WAVI (Wireless Audio Video Interaction) wireless HDMI use 4 x 5 MIMO-channels with Two-Way Wireless USB Control.
Wireless HDTV (aka WiDi) availability is currently an ongoing development. In 2010, Toshiba began marketing the first WiDi device.
See also
WirelessHD
Wireless Home Digital Interface
WiGig
WiDi version 3.5 to 6.0 supports Miracast; discontinued
Miracast (wireless display technology), now a subset of the larger Wi-Fi Direct certification
IP based
Chromecast (proprietary media broadcast over ip: Google Cast for audio or audiovisual playback)
AirPlay (proprietary ip based)
Digital Living Network Alliance (DLNA) (ip based)
Cables for mobile equipment
Mobile High-Definition Link - MHL
SlimPort (Mobility DisplayPort), also known as MyDP
References
External links
The Main Wireless HDMI Transmission Protocols and Their Typical Products
Wireless networking
Television technology
Film and video technology
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3773329
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodge%20Charger%20%281981%29
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Dodge Charger (1981)
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See also Dodge Charger for other models using this name.
The Dodge Charger (L-body) was a subcompact 3-door hatchback/fastback built by Dodge from 1981 to 1987, and based on Chrysler's front-wheel drive L platform. A companion model, the Plymouth Turismo, was also marketed.
History
For 1979, Chrysler brought out sporty versions of the L-body Dodge Omni/Plymouth Horizon called the Dodge Omni 024 and the Plymouth Horizon TC3. The cars shared a 1.7 L Volkswagen inline-four as the only engine.
In 1981, the Charger nameplate returned as a performance package on the Omni 024. Called the Charger 2.2, it cost $399 extra and came with a hood scoop, quarter-window appliques, special gearing, rear spoiler, and "Charger 2.2" tape graphics, as well as the new 2.2 L I4 engine that was designed and built by Chrysler. A total of 7,306 were built.
In 1982, the Dodge Charger returned for a second year as the performance option for the 024. Nothing was changed from 1981 except for a Pentastar emblem on its hood and the addition of a resonator to the exhaust, since the previous model had no muffler, utilizing the catalytic converter as the sole method of engine noise reduction. Production increased to 15,000.
In 1983, the Volkswagen engine went out of production, so a joint Chrysler/Peugeot 1.6 L engine was used instead. The Omni 024 was renamed the Charger. The Plymouth Turismo was introduced as a companion entry for 1983, with the TC3 designation now discontinued. Carroll Shelby developed a sporty version of the Charger later in the year, the Dodge Shelby Charger.
The transformation continued in 1984, with quad headlights now differentiating the Charger from its Omni origins, however the Shelby models continued to use the previous years front nose cap/bumper assembly. The Plymouth Turismo would share the same front end. Apart from the badging, both cars were identical.
For 1985, the Shelby (with its unique front end) and Charger names were shuffled to reflect the addition of a turbocharged engine. One new color was added for 1985 — black with silver stripes. Plymouth also got a version of the old Shelby Charger, reviving the Duster name as the Plymouth Turismo Duster. However, Plymouth would never get a turbocharged version of the Shelby Charger. Two turbocharged Turismo's, using the Shelby front end, were seen at Chrysler headquarters with a 'Cuda Plymouth badge, but they were not put into production. They currently reside in a private collection. The previous high-compression Shelby Charger engine was now an option on regular Dodge Chargers. For 1986, the mandated center high-mounted stop light was added, and the 2.2 L engine made its way down to the base models.
1987 was the last year for the Omni/Horizon-derived Charger and Turismo. A total of 2,011 Chargers with the hotter Turbo II engine were now badged the Shelby Charger Turbo (not "Dodge"). For 1987, they were replaced by the Dodge Shadow/Plymouth Sundance, and the Belvidere plant was retooled to build the Dodge Dynasty, which succeeded the preceding 600 at the time. Carroll Shelby bought 1,000 of the last Chargers and equipped them with the Omni GLH's engine and suspension to be sold under this name. The Duster name was revived for a model in the Plymouth Sundance line midyear in 1992.
Dodge Shelby Charger
For 1983, Carroll Shelby modified the Dodge Charger, to be sold at Dodge dealers as the Dodge Shelby Charger. Rather than focusing on speed, Shelby modified the suspension and styling. The engine compression was raised for , and the manual transmission had revised ratios. Shorter springs, special wheels, and tires complemented stronger brakes and a quicker, 14:1, power steering rack. Outside, a new nose and racing stripes accented the performance image. The car received a free-flowing exhaust system, making for a more aggressive sound. The body kits, among other parts, were often shipped to dealerships along with the car to be put on after delivery. The reasoning behind this varied, but was said to speed delivery and compensate for ground clearance issues that the cars faced on many car carriers. Production was 8,251 for that first year.
For 1984, the Shelby Charger could be ordered with an optional automatic transmission. There were 7,552 Shelby Chargers sold this model year. The high-output engine (now up to ) was also available in baseline Chargers and Turismos. These vehicles came in "Charger 2.2" and "Turismo 2.2" schemes, which included Shelby Charger side ground effects, an additional, skinnier, front ground effect (different from the Shelby Charger's due to the quad-headlight fascia), "2.2" decals, and an optional hood scoop.
The MPFI/Turbocharged Turbo I engine, commonly known as a 'T1' was added for Dodge's 1985 Shelby Charger. This engine produced and was changed from its first appearance in the Dodge Daytona Turbo during the previous year. A Garrett AiResearch T3 turbocharger and Chrysler/Bosch multiple-point fuel injection enabled the 2.2 L engine to produce the additional horsepower. A total of 7,709 Shelby Chargers were made for the 1985 model year, and 7,669 in 1986. 1987 was the final year, with just 1,011 produced, plus 1,000 more Shelby Chargers that were sent to Shelby's Whittier Plant in CA, at which time they were modified as the 1987 Shelby GLHS. Dodge Shelby Chargers were available in four different color combinations: Black w/silver skunk stripe (1984–87), Santa Fe Blue w/silver skunk stripe (1983–86), Silver w/Santa Fe Blue skunk stripe (1983–86), and Garnett Red w/silver skunk stripe (1984–87).
Charger GLHS
Carroll Shelby purchased 1,000 of the last Dodge Shelby Chargers and converted them into GLHSs in his facility at Whittier, California. Every vehicle was built and optioned the same way. All were finished in black and had special badging that marked them as Shelby, not as a Dodge. This was a continuation of the Omni GLHS from the previous year. Shelby used the Turbo I engine updated with the intercooler and plumbing of the Turbo II engine, but without the stronger forged crank, full-floating pin pistons and other durability enhancements of that engine. It has a blow-through long runner two-piece intake and a modified turbocharger, reclocked with a different compressor cover. They were rated at and of torque from 2400 to 4800 rpm. The Turbo II also received a stronger Getrag A555 five-speed manual transmission in place of the rod linkage A525, which was still fitted to the GLHS models.
The suspension was upgraded with Koni adjustable struts/shocks and uprated Goodyear Eagle GT Z-rated tires. The Centurion 2 wheels were of Shelby's own manufacture. A special sticker on the speedometer upped the readout to . A special numbered Shelby Automotive badge went in place of the normal Charger badge. The modifications prompted the federal government to declare the car a Shelby model. A Dodge badge appears nowhere on the car, unlike its five-door L-body sibling, the GLH Omni, which does have the Dodge nameplate.
References
External links
Allpar.com Charger Page
Front-Runners.net – Charger Road Test PDF
Charger
Front-wheel-drive vehicles
Subcompact cars
Coupés
Hatchbacks
1980s cars
Cars introduced in 1981
Front-wheel-drive sports cars
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimitrije%20Daskal
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Dimitrije Daskal
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Painter Dimitrije Daskal (1660-after 1718) was the founder and head of the Dimitrijević-Rafailović family of painters whose ten members, from the end of the seventeenth to the second half of the nineteenth century, worked icons and murals on the southern coast of Montenegro and southern Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Biography
He was born in 1660 in Kotor in Montenegro. He left information about his ancestors in the inscription on the icon of the Assumption of the Virgin in Morača. At the end of the seventies of the seventeenth century, he studied under the tutelage of Zograf Radul, with whom he painted the Church of the Holy Trinity (one of the six churches)in the Praskvica Monastery in 1680. Around 1680 he settled in Risan, a decade before the Great Migration. He had a daughter and four sons - Gabriel, Daniel, George, and Raphael—who followed his footsteps. He was a contemporary of Tripo Kokolja.
Artistic work
Dimitrije painted several churches, including St. George in Sisici in 1699, St. Petka in Mrkovima in 1704, St. Nicholas in Pelinovo in 1718, and he is also credited with frescoes in the now-demolished church of St. Mina in Preradi. He also left behind a considerable number of iconic works such as four icons from 1680 -- Deesis, Our Lady of Christ and the Archangels, St. Nicholas, St. George and St. John the Forerunner of All Serbian Saints—in the Church of Saints Peter and Paul in Risan, two lintels with representations of the Nedremanj Eye and the Hospitality of Abraham in the church of St. Luke in Kotor in 1688, iconostasis in St. George in Sisici in 1690, and during 1716. He painted about 35 icons for the iconostasis in the village of Pelinovo in Grbalj, Montenegro, which was not preserved. In Morača monastery he painted the icons Saint Luke painting the Virgin, now in the Collection of Icons Sekulić in Belgrade, the use of John the Forerunner in the National Museum in Belgrade, both from the end of the seventeenth century and the Assumption of the Virgin with scenes related to the Virgin in 1713. To his hand, with more or less certainty, are the icons from the iconostasis in Mrkovima around 1703, the icon of Avram's Hospitality from Praskvica from 1714, the design act from the National Museum in Belgrade, as well as iconic works in the Savina, Piva, and Krka monasteries and the Church of St. George in Srpska, near Podgorica.
Dimitrije accepted most of his iconographic and stylistic choices from his teacher Zograf Radul and from Zograf Jovan. He inherited compositional and color solutions, figure processing and the organization of space, but is distinguished from the works of older masters by a more pronounced schematization of forms, a more refined and less noble color selection, and coarser processing. Some of Dimitrije's works also feature some of the less frequently presented iconographic themes, such as certain scenes in the extensive cycles of Saint Petka in Mrkovima and St. Nicholas in Pelinovo, an extensive cycle of the church calendar on the frescoes in Pelinovo, compositions by the Virgin Mary the Living East and the Virgin Mary's Cover on the icon of the Assumption of the Virgin in the Morača Monastery.
See also
List of painters from Serbia
Serbian art
Kyr Kozma (also known as Jovan of Hilandar)
Zograf Radul
Andrija Raičević
Avesalom Vujičić
Georgije Mitrofanović
Pop Danilo
References
1660 births
Year of death unknown
Montenegrin painters
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Gifted%20%28American%20TV%20series%29
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The Gifted (American TV series)
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The Gifted is an American superhero television series created for Fox by Matt Nix, based on Marvel Comics' X-Men properties, set in an alternate timeline where the X-Men have disappeared. The show is produced by 20th Century Fox Television in association with Marvel Television, with Nix serving as showrunner.
The series stars Stephen Moyer and Amy Acker as ordinary parents who take their family on the run after they discover their children's mutant abilities. Sean Teale, Natalie Alyn Lind, Percy Hynes White, Coby Bell, Jamie Chung, Blair Redford, and Emma Dumont also star in the show, with Skyler Samuels and Grace Byers joining them with the second season. The series received a put pilot commitment at Fox after a previous attempted X-Men television series did not move forward at the network in 2016; The Gifted was ordered to series in May 2017.
The Gifteds first season aired from October 2, 2017, to January 15, 2018, and consisted of 13 episodes. It received mostly positive reviews from critics and "solid" viewership. In January 2018, the series was renewed for a 16-episode second season, which began airing on September 25, 2018. On April 17, 2019, Fox canceled the series after two seasons.
Premise
Two ordinary parents take their family on the run from the government when they discover that their children have mutant abilities, and join an underground community of mutants who have to fight to survive. At the end of the first season several members of the underground leave to join the Inner Circle, and the second season sees conflict between these groups as well as others with their own extreme ideologies.
Cast and characters
Stephen Moyer as Reed Strucker: A father of mutants trying to balance his family responsibilities with his job as a district attorney. Moyer said of the character, "He thinks he's doing the right thing by moving [the mutants]. He does know these camps aren't particularly nice. He knows a few people he's captured have disappeared. He also knows this could happen to his kids. He has no choice but to go on the run."
Amy Acker as Caitlin Strucker: A mother and nurse struggling with her "increasingly challenging" teenage children. Showrunner Matt Nix said that though Caitlin does not have mutant powers, she is not "just a mom" or "just the doctor" in the series, and "over the course of the show I really love the idea of showing the evolution of a suburban mom into an underground warrior."
Sean Teale as Marcos Diaz / Eclipse: A rebellious mutant who can absorb and manipulate photons. Eclipse was rejected by his human parents, and grew up smuggling drugs from Mexico to the United States. The mutant underground uses him to smuggle mutants to safety in Mexico. The character was created for the series, but has had his powers compared to Sunspot and his personality to Wolverine and Scott Summers.
Natalie Alyn Lind as Lauren Strucker: One of the series' central children, a "perfect" kid. Her mutant power allows her to create force fields by pushing together molecules of air or water.
Percy Hynes White as Andy Strucker: One of the series' central children, a sensitive loner who keeps to himself. His mutant power is a form of telekinesis, being able to pull things apart at a molecular level with his mind.
Coby Bell as Jace Turner: A man struggling with the cold-blooded requirements of his job. Turner is a Sentinel Services agent, trying to find the Struckers and the other mutants. Nix said the character is "more than just a villain hoping to round up every last superpowered human," but is instead trying to balance protecting society with taking away the rights of mutants.
Jamie Chung as Clarice Fong / Blink: A "sarcastic, lively" mutant with teleportation powers. An "independently minded" member of the mutant underground, Blink begins the series using her abilities as "a way out of situations she doesn't want to be in", but her abilities and relationship to them evolve throughout the series. Chung wears heavy-duty contact lenses to portray Blink's mutant green eyes, and also has pink markings on her face.
Blair Redford as John Proudstar / Thunderbird: A strong-willed mutant possessing superhuman strength, durability, enhanced healing and superhuman senses, leader of the underground community. Nix said the character is "dealing with his own issues of feeling the weight of thousands of years of Apache history and mutant history and an obligation to both families."
Emma Dumont as Lorna Dane / Polaris: A brave and loyal mutant whose abilities include controlling magnetism. She is introduced as being "unstable" due to bipolar disorder. Nix explained that, within the series, there is "some awareness" that Polaris is the daughter of Magneto, leading to the question "does she accept the mantle of her birthright? Is it her job to be Magneto in his absence?" The character is depicted with green hair, as she is in the comics, but "subdued shades of green".
Skyler Samuels as the Frost Sisters: Esme, Sophie, and Phoebe Frost are telepathic triplets with their own agenda, separate from those of the mutant underground, Sentinel Services, and Trask Industries. The effect of the three characters together was created with a mixture of effects: split-screening, green-screening, and face replacements over doubles when Samuels worked with two other actresses portraying the other sisters.
Grace Byers as Reeva Payge: Leader of the "Inner Circle" with an elite band of followers who is introduced in the second season. She possesses destructive sonic powers.
Episodes
Season 1 (2017–18)
Season 2 (2018–19)
Production
Development
In July 2016, after a series based on the Hellfire Club, an X-Men comic property, did not move forward at Fox, the network made a put pilot commitment for a different X-Men based series. The new pilot, written by X-Men fan Matt Nix, was for an action-adventure series based on ordinary parents discovering their children's mutant abilities. Fox Entertainment President David Madden said that "developing a Marvel property has been a top priority for the network—and we are so pleased with how Matt Nix has led us into this thrilling universe." The series is produced by 20th Century Fox Television and Marvel Television, with 20th handling the physical production of the series, and Nix executive producing alongside X-Men film series producers Bryan Singer, Lauren Shuler Donner, and Simon Kinberg, and Marvel Television executives Jeph Loeb and Jim Chory.
Nix pitched the series to executives as "Running on Empty with mutants". He created an elaborate presentation using Prezi which included photos of actors that he had altered to look like mutants, and graphics to explain how the series would fit in with the X-Men films as well as the larger X-Men universe of the comics. The presentation was met with applause, according to Loeb. The biggest criticisms that Nix received about his pitch was that he wanted to include too much story in the pilot, with some of his initial ideas becoming the stories of several other episodes. Early versions of Nix's pilot script were received "enthusiastically" by Fox executives, and Fox chairman and CEO Gary Newman was expecting a final draft in early January 2017, with a pilot pickup within a few weeks of that. Newman noted that "development across the board this year is a little slower than usual", but the network hoped to begin airing the potential series during the 2017–18 television season.
Nix said that as a fan of the X-Men comics, "you don't want to be slavishly doing the same thing over and over again that everyone else has done, but at the same time, you're conscious that this is important, and that I owe something to my 10 year old self right now." Fox officially ordered the series to pilot, as "untitled Marvel action-adventure series", at the end of the month. Donner referred to the series as Gifted in March, which was clarified to be a temporary title for the series. On May 9, Fox ordered the show to series as The Gifted. The pilot had been called "one of the hottest pilots of the [2017] broadcast development season" by commentators. The first season consists of 13 episodes. In August, Len Wiseman joined as a director and executive producer for the season. That October, Nix said that he had planned "a couple of seasons, in broad strokes", and stated that he wanted "to be doing this show for a long time." Noting a growing trend in shorter, self-contained television seasons, Nix said that he wanted the show to feel more like a traditional, long-running story and so have each season end in a satisfying way that does not feel "close-ended". On January 4, 2018, the series was renewed for a 16-episode second season. Described as being designed for "limited runs", Fox had not been in a hurry to give the series an early renewal before then. On April 17, 2019, it was announced that the series had been cancelled by Fox.
Writing
Nix described the series as coming "at the world of mutants from the side"; the films and comics "have generally started with the X-Men and encountered the world outside" from their perspective, but the series looks to "take place inside the world of people who are [not] already X-Men and [do not yet] know that world." He said the show would tell a more intimate story than the films have done as "it also explores issues surrounding mutants and what that experience is in a way that's hard to do in a two-hour movie because [a movie] needs to move very quickly and needs to get to big action." These issues reflect modern, real-world problems such as police attempting to kill mutants just because they look different, or the government only taking issue with mutants if they reveal themselves in public. The series' mutant underground is inspired by the Underground Railroad. Madden said that the series also took inspiration from Heroes, particularly for its themes of family and "that loner, outcast, people with superpowers thing", though he felt The Gifted would take "that thread [in] a very different direction than anything that happened on Heroes."
Nix was particularly influenced by the comic District X which is "just about a district in New York. It's where the mutants are ... the show is not a procedural [like the comic] at all, but it was seeing mutants in society, dealing with crime, drugs, their relationships to each other. We didn't take any characters from it. It was one of my favorites." Elaborating on the series not being a procedural, Nix said that it would not have a "save the mutant of the week" formula, and would instead follow the ongoing story of the mutant underground as they both try to save other mutants and fight to protect themselves, though each episode still has a beginning, middle, and end. When approaching mutant abilities in the series, particularly for the Strucker children who are just discovering theirs, Nix wanted to avoid clearly defining exactly what those abilities are immediately since "when your powers manifest, they don't come with a label. It's not like somebody pops up and says, 'Hey! You can do this!' When we think about powers on the show, what's the organic relationship between this person as a living, breathing human being, and their power? The idea is that what your power is and what you can do is influenced by who you are as a character." The series explores how it feels for the characters to use their abilities, and shows those abilities evolving along with the characters.
Casting
By early January 2017, "exploratory casting" for the series had begun, with the process expected to "ramp up" after the official pilot pickup. The next month, Blair Redford was cast as a mutant leader; Jamie Chung was cast as popular mutant Clarice Fong / Blink; Stephen Moyer was cast as Reed Strucker, a father and the series' male lead; and Sean Teale was cast as Marcos Diaz / Eclipse, a mutant created for the series. In March, Natalie Alyn Lind joined as Lauren Strucker, one of the series' central children. She was followed by Amy Acker as Caitlin Strucker, a mother and the series' female lead; Emma Dumont as mutant Lorna Dane / Polaris; Percy Hynes White as Andy Strucker, another of the central children; and Coby Bell as the morally ambiguous Jace Turner. Acker auditioned alongside the already-cast Moyer; the pair did not meet the actors playing their children, Lind and White, until the table read of the pilot episode. With the series order in May, Redford's character was revealed to be John Proudstar / Thunderbird.
Moyer, Acker, Teale, Lind, White, Bell, Chung, Redford, and Dumont all return to star in the second season. By January 2018, Skyler Samuels, who recurred as the Stepford Cuckoos in the first season, was being looked at to be promoted to series regular for the second, and this move was confirmed in June, along with the announcement that Grace Byers would also be joining the series as a series regular, in the role of Reeva.
Filming
Production on the series' pilot took place through March and April 2017, in Dallas, Texas. The rest of the first season was not filmed in the city after a decision on tax rebates in the state to be made by the Texas Legislature took too long for the series' schedule, with production moving to Atlanta, Georgia. The series' setting was subsequently changed from Dallas to Atlanta, including a retroactive change to the pilot.
Music
It was revealed in October 2017, ahead of the series premiere, that John Ottman and David Buckley were composing the score for the show; Ottman previously scored several of the X-Men films for Singer, and he collaborated with Buckley on the score for the film The Nice Guys.
Shared universe connections
Donner explained in January 2017 that, unlike the previous X-Men television series Legion, this series "is much more a part of just the world in terms of there are mutants, mutants are hated ... you feel like you're here in the X-Men world". Despite this, the "cinematic universe will not worry about ... these TV worlds at all. [The films] will just continue in the way that they have been continuing". Nix added that the X-Men films "don't all line up perfectly. So it's not like I'm slavishly fitting myself into a particular slot [but] if you like that world and the world of the movies, there are definite nods to it, it definitely exists in the same general universe".
Nix wanted to avoid repeating the connection between Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. and the films of the Marvel Cinematic Universe by having a more general relationship, with existing characters from the films appearing in different ways in the series such as the new adaptation of Sentinels, mutant-hunting robots that have appeared in several of the films. Moyer stated in June 2017 that The Gifted would be set between Legion, in which mutants "are still largely not understood", and Logan, which sees the title character as one of the last mutants. He added, "we definitely slot into a timeline, but as of yet, we're not allied. I think they have given themselves a lot of leeway in order to be able to go places, but we've enough story within our universe to propel us forward without having to do that." The next month, Nix noted that the film X-Men: Days of Future Past established multiple, different timelines or "streams" in the X-Men universe, and that the series would take advantage of those to avoid the films and comics and instead do "our own thing". He explained that in the series' "stream", the X-Men have disappeared, which is "not just [because] they're too expensive for television" and something that the show would explore. He soon called this one of the central mysteries of the series, and revealed that it is due to a "bit of a 9/11 event, that caused enormous social upheaval and a lot of hatred towards mutants."
Broadcast
The Gifted aired on Fox in the United States, with CTV acquiring the broadcast rights for Canada. The series launched in more than 183 countries on Fox, following its U.S. debut, using a "day-and-date launch" format.
Reception
Ratings
The pilot's viewership was called a "solid start" to the series, and was noted to be higher than the season premiere of Lucifer in the same timeslot the year before, as well as the debut of the other new Marvel series of the season, Inhumans. By the series' second season renewal, it was considered to be a "solid ratings performer" for Fox, performing 18 percent better than the same timeslot the year before, and ranking the third best new drama series of the season.
Critical response
The review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 76% approval rating, with an average rating of 6.81/10 based on 54 reviews. The website's consensus states, "The Gifteds first season lays a solid foundation for an involving superhero drama that powers past the origin-story doldrums by focusing on grounded, topical stories over mindless action and special effects." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 63 out of 100 based on 22 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".
Nazi allusions
Discussing the series, Drew Koch of Bustle magazine noted that it explored themes such as the persecution of minority groups, sacrificing freedom for safety, and criticizing "big government". He highlighted the antagonistic agency Sentinel Services, guessing the initials "SS" were a reference to the Schutzstaffel, a paramilitary division of Nazi Germany. USA Today's Brian Truitt also noted this reference, and the character Polaris directly calling out the government agents as Nazis, along with the mutant underground being patterned after the Underground Railroad.
Accolades
References
External links
2010s American drama television series
2010s American science fiction television series
2017 American television series debuts
2019 American television series endings
American action television series
English-language television shows
Fox Broadcasting Company original programming
Superhero television series
Television shows based on Marvel Comics
Television series about families
Television series by 20th Century Fox Television
Television series by Bad Hat Harry Productions
X-Men television series
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic%20intelligence
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Humanistic intelligence
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Humanistic Intelligence (HI) is defined, in the context of wearable computing, by Marvin Minsky, Ray Kurzweil, and Steve Mann, as follows:
Humanistic Intelligence [HI] is intelligence that arises because of a human being in the feedback loop of a computational process, where the human and computer are inextricably intertwined. When a wearable computer embodies HI and becomes so technologically advanced that its intelligence matches our own biological brain, something much more powerful emerges from this synergy that gives rise to superhuman intelligence within the single “cyborg” being.
More generally (beyond only wearable computing), HI describes the creation of intelligence that results from a feedback loop between a computational process and a human being, where the human and computer are inextricably intertwined.
In the field of human-computer interaction (HCI) it has been common to think of the human and computer as separate entities. HCI emphasizes this separateness by treating the human and computer as different entities that interact. However, HI theory thinks of the wearer and the computer with its associated input and output facilities not as separate entities, but regards the computer as a second brain and its sensory modalities as additional senses, in which synthetic synesthesia merges with the wearer's senses. When a wearable computer functions in a successful embodiment of HI, the computer uses the human's mind and body as one of its peripherals, just as the human uses the computer as a peripheral. This reciprocal relationship is at the heart of HI.
Courses
The principles are taught in a variety of university courses, such as:
CSE40814, Mobile Computing, Fall 2014, University of Notre Dame
ECE516, Intelligent Image Processing, 1998-2022, University of Toronto
ECE1724, "Superhumachines" (Super-human-machine intelligence), University of Toronto
Course: Wearable Computing, VAK: 03-799.01, Time: Mo, 13-15, Place: 1.51 TAB (ECO5), Instructor: Dr. Holger Kenn, Microsoft EMIC, Monday: Tel: 3035, TAB, 1.92, Universität Bremen
See also
Cybernetics
References
External links
Hawkeye Project
Human–computer interaction
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66984376
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia%20Scott%20Vrooman
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Julia Scott Vrooman
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Julia Scott Vrooman (October 4, 1876 – May 30, 1981) was an American writer, philanthropist, and socialite.
Early life
Julia Scott was born in Bloomington, Illinois, the daughter of Matthew T. Scott and Julia Green Scott. Her parents were socially prominent and wealthy; they owned the Scott–Vrooman House. Her mother was national president of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR). Vice-President Adlai Stevenson I was her uncle, married to Julia Green Scott's sister Letitia. She attended Chestnut Hill Boarding School, a girls' school near Philadelphia.
Career
Vrooman and her husband were co-authors of The Lure and Lore of Travel (1914), and she wrote a political novel, The High Road to Honor (1924). She also wrote about travel in Century Magazine in 1906, The Arena in 1908, La Follette's Magazine in 1911, and The Twentieth Century Magazine in 1912.
Vrooman was a political hostess in Washington, D.C. During World War I, she accompanied her husband, a federal agriculture official, on a trip to Europe for coordinating food relief; she also worked with the YMCA serving American troops at the front. She formed a jazz band of musical soldiers, and often served cocoa to soldiers from Illinois in canteens. "I have no children, I am in perfect health," she explained of her efforts. "I am fortunate enough to be able to speak both French and Italian. If, instead of looking for an opportunity to get into war work, I were looking for an excuse to avoid it, I could not find one." For her contributions to troop morale, she was made an honorary member of the Veterans of Foreign Wars post in Bloomington.
Vrooman opened her home for a makeshift hospital during the 1918 influenza pandemic. She lectured on, and supported the founding of, the International Court of Justice. She organized a 1922 carnival to raise funds for Quaker war relief in Russia. She was active in the Illinois Federation of Women's Clubs. During World War II, she opened a floor of her large home for soldiers' apartments.
In addition to her literary and philanthropic pursuits, Vrooman was known for her whole wheat bread. She sold loaves at fundraising events. Poet Vachel Lindsay promised to write a sonnet to her bread, and Eleanor Roosevelt mentioned the bread in a newspaper column.
Personal life
Julia Scott married Carl Schurz Vrooman in 1896. They were married for 69 years; Carl Vrooman died in 1966, and Julia Scott Vrooman died at home in 1981, aged 104 years. Her family's mansion in Chenoa was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. Her Bloomington mansion has been a bed-and-breakfast inn in recent years.
References
1876 births
1981 deaths
People from Bloomington, Illinois
American women in World War I
American centenarians
Women centenarians
American women writers
20th-century American people
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43218055
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks%20and%20Caicos%20Islands%20at%20the%202014%20Commonwealth%20Games
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Turks and Caicos Islands at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
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Turks and Caicos Islands competed in the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, Scotland from 23 July to 3 August 2014.
Athletics
Men
Track & road events
Field Events
Key
Note–Ranks given for track events are within the athlete's heat only
Q = Qualified for the next round
q = Qualified for the next round as a fastest loser or, in field events, by position without achieving the qualifying target
NR = National record
N/A = Round not applicable for the event
Weightlifting
Men
References
Nations at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Turks and Caicos Islands at the Commonwealth Games
2014 in the Turks and Caicos Islands
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60090359
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Tocher
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John Tocher
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John Tocher (29 September 1925 – 17 September 1991) was a British trade unionist and communist activist.
Tocher worked in factories from the age of fourteen, but hoped to work on aeroplanes. When he reached eighteen, he was accepted into the Army Air Corps, serving until the end of World War II, when he returned to complete an apprenticeship at Avro. He joined the Amalgamated Engineering Union (AEU), becoming a shop steward and then workplace convener at Woodford.
In 1957, Tocher was elected as the AEU's Stockport District President, and became a delegate to the union's national committee. He became its Stockport District Secretary in 1964, then a full-time assistant divisional organiser, and eventually a divisional organiser. He also joined the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB), serving on its executive from 1963.
Tocher led a strike at Roberts Arundel in 1967 and 1968, against efforts to replace experienced workers with women, who the managers expected would work for lower pay and in worse conditions. While the strike was largely unsuccessful, Tocher was lauded for his leadership, and was elected as chair of the CPGB.
Tocher however held that the strike had been successful
Tocher remained a prominent union figure, leading industrial action in support of a 35-hour working week in 1972. He stood down from the CPGB executive in 1973. Having married and with young children, harassment resulting from negative articles about him in the press led him to resign from the CPGB, although he remained sympathetic to its principles. He remained an active trade unionist, and stood unsuccessfully to become president of the AEU in 1985.
Tocher was due to retire in late September 1991, but he died a week beforehand.
References
1925 births
1991 deaths
British Army personnel of World War II
Communist Party of Great Britain members
English trade unionists
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24127893
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cesk%C3%BD%20Ji%C5%99et%C3%ADn
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Český Jiřetín
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Český Jiřetín () is a municipality and village in Most District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The hamlet of Fláje is an administrative part of Český Jiřetín.
Geography
Český Jiřetín lies approximately north of Most, west of Ústí nad Labem, and north-west of Prague.
Český Jiřetín is situated in the Ore Mountains. The highest peak is V Oboře with above sea level.
In the municipal territory is Fláje Reservoir, built in 1963 as a water source and flood protection. It has an area of 149 ha. The dam is a concrete, pillar type (hollow inside), the only one of its kind in the country. It is protected as a technical monument.
The village forms a continuous built-up area with the village of Deutchgeorgenthal in Neuhausen municipality on the German side of the border.
Sport
Český Jiřetín is known for its ski resort.
Notable people
Walter Gaudnek (born 1931), Bohemian-German modern artist
References
Villages in Most District
Villages in the Ore Mountains
Czech Republic–Germany border crossings
Ski areas and resorts in the Czech Republic
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno%20Aleixo
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Bruno Aleixo
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Bruno Aleixo is a Portuguese animated character that gained popularity between 2010 and 2012. Created by the collective GANA (Guionistas e Argumentistas Não-Alinhados (Non-aligned Scriptwriters and Screenwriters)), Bruno Aleixo was featured in a series of programs titled The Aleixo Show. Originally envisioned as an ambiguous mix of a bear and a dog, Aleixo's appearance was soon changed due to his resemblance to the copyrighted Ewok characters of the Star Wars franchise. Raised in Coimbra, Aleixo also has Brazilian heritage.
Aleixo became popular through a series of internet videos titled "Os Conselhos Que Vos Deixo" ["The Advice that I Leave You"], and through an appearance with Nuno Markl in Os Incorrigíveis [The Incorrigibles].
The Aleixo Show
Starting on November 9, 2008, Bruno Aleixo starred in his own program on Portuguese television channel SIC Radical where he presented (alongside a bust of Napoleon called, simply, "Busto" ["Bust"]) various skits which formed, according to him, a talk show. The first season consisted of seven episodes, six regular episodes plus a New Year special.
In June 2009, the program returned in repeats on SIC Radical, and a teaser for a spin-off called "Aleixo the Tourist" set to be aired in 2010 was released on the internet.
A second season premiered in November 2012, also consisting of seven episodes.
Skits
The show featured various regular skits such as:
"Press Review": Aleixo and Busto discuss various headlines from the fictitious local newspaper Gazeta de Coimbra;
"A Friend of Mine": Aleixo introduces his various quirky friends;
"Civil Opinion": a satire of public opinion programs and forums;
"Urban Myths": Busto presents various urban myths and Aleixo tells whether it is true or not;
"Interview": Interviews with public figures, in the style of a conversation between friends, often featuring embarrassing episodes from their personal lives or jokes
Interviewees in the first season included Paulo Furtado, José Luís Peixoto, Fernando Alvim, Rui Pedro Tendinha, Miguel Guilherme, Fernando Martins and Manuel João Vieira.
"Mister Cimba": A fictional sponsor satirizing excursion and shopping companies;
"Home Game": Home audience participation segment featuring home hobbies, with offbeat prizes to the participants;
"Animatography": Aleixo and Bruno make humorous comments on movie trailers, mostly from the mid-20th century.
All episodes end with a piano version of a hit tune (without any apparent connection to the theme of the show), sung by Aleixo and Busto.
Aleixo Psi
Aleixo Psi is a 2017 follow up series of the Aleixo Show.
Due to unpredictable and unforeseeable life events, Bruno Aleixo is mandated to undergo psychological counselling by a court order. Throughout the 6 episodes of Aleixo Psi, we follow Mr. Aleixo in a journey of self-discovery and confrontation with his unresolved issues and past. We are aided by his characteristic honest and self-critical personality, his full commitment to truth, eagerness for self-improvement, and of course, the guidance of the co-star of this series, the Psychologist. Aleixo Psi unveils many important details about the mysterious past of the talented Bruno Aleixo, how he came to be the well educated dilettante and self-made man we all admire, and what he had to sacrifice to accomplish so much with sparse resources and in such a short timespan.
Friends
Throughout the series, various friends of Aleixo play a part.
Busto: co-host of The Aleixo Show in season 1, a personification of a Napoleon Bonapart bust.
Dr. Ribeiro: a medical doctor who has been invisible since the age of 34. Ribeiro works at the University Hospital of Coimbra and has a slight drinking problem. Occasionally, when drunk, he will walk naked through the hospital, which people only realize because they see his liquor bottle floating through the halls.
Nelson Miguel Rodrigues Pinto: doorman of Aleixo's building; he hails from Figueira da Foz and is depicted as somewhat dim-witted.
Renato Alexandre: a personification of the film character, the Creature from the Black Lagoon. He is an engineering student who studied for a time in the Czech Republic under the auspices of the European Erasmus Programme. Renato is presumed to be a recovered drug addict, having taken methadone at some time in the past.
Velhadas: An old man (resembling Charles Darwin), he was introduced in one of the "A Friend of Mine" segments, and then reported missing. He was mentioned in the New Year special that concluded the first season, he was sleeping.
Busto's cousin: appeared as a co-host for one half of an episode, when Busto was said to have gone to the doctor. Like Busto, Busto's cousin is also a bust, this time of Beethoven. Like Beethoven, Busto's cousin is hard of hearing, comically mishearing things, and always tells the same stories, which always begin with "one time..."
Bussaco man: hailing from Serra do Buçaco, Bussaco man is portrayed as prehistoric, with diction so poor that captions are required to understand what he is saying.
Spin offs
The Aleixo Show spawned a number of spin-offs that were released exclusively online, including:
Aleixo in the Hospital
Busto at Work
Aleixo in Brazil
Aleixo at School
My Advice to You
Mister Cimba
7 Arts
The Gang
In November 2009, SIC Radical broadcast the 7 Arts and The Gang episodes, and Aleixo in Brazil and Busto at Work were broadcast in 2010. Bussaco Man won a spot in the RTP2 program 5 Para A Meia-Noite.
Radio broadcast
Bruno Aleixo made his radio debut on December 2, 2009 at the top of the daily program Aleixo FM on the Portuguese radio station Antena 3. The program consisted of small segments of two to three minutes each, with Aleixo and Busto discussing various current events and giving suggestions for leisure-time activities. The two regulars were often joined by characters from The Aleixo Show.
After 104 episodes, the Aleixo FM program ended March 26, 2010. Later, the radio show returned on September 2015 airing on Wednesday's mornings. On September 2016, a new Monday radio show named "Aleixopédia" was debuted. It's a show that uses the classic Aleixo FM radio show format yet focuses on Music trivia.
References
External links
GANA - Guionistas e Argumentistas Não-Alinhados
Fictional Portuguese people
Fictional bears
Culture in Coimbra
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabra%2C%20County%20Down
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Cabra, County Down
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Cabra is a large townland in County Down, Northern Ireland. It is in the parish of Clonduff and is situated approximately two miles from Hilltown, Rathfriland and Kilcoo. Cabra has a tradition of farming, with the three most common farming methods in Cabra being: sheep farming/breeding, crop growing (corn and barley) and cow farming/breeding.
"Townland stones" have been erected to keep Cabra in touch with its local heritage. Cabra has one primary school, St.Pauls; which has around 90 children attending. All together Cabra has around 150 residents living within its boundaries, with a small post office, one church, and a community hall.
See also
Clonduff GAC
References
Townlands of County Down
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32198972
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket%20in%20Austria
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Cricket in Austria
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Cricket in Austria is a sport growing in popularity played mostly in Summer.
History
Having been played by the gardeners of rich aristocratic families at the end of the 19th century - at which time Vienna Cricket and Football Club was founded, cricket disappeared in Austria until after the Second World War, when it was played by British occupying troops on a recreational basis.
The modern era as such began in May 1975, when Kerry Tattersall introduced the game to his pupils at the commercial academy where he was teaching English and formed Vienna Cricket Club. Early opponents came from the United Nations (United Nations CC) and diplomatic services (Five Continents CC) and these founder clubs survive to this day.
Cricket remains predominantly Viennese-based with nine of the 13 member clubs being based in Vienna. CC Velden '91 is the oldest non-Viennese club, operating since 1991. The latest addition to the ACA is the Under-19 team Austrian Daredevils Cricket Club (ADCC) from Vienna.
Grounds
Up to 1995, when Seebarn Cricket Ground was built close to Vienna, cricket had been played nomadically on multi-purpose sports grounds, often with a mat put down on a hockey or football ground.
After Seebarn, three other cricket grounds have been constructed: one in Vienna, which is the home ground of Austria CC Wien, one in Velden, Carinthia, home of CC Velden '91, and one in Graz, home of Graz Cricket Academy.
International competition
In the past, Austria has hosted and participated in numerous ICC European competitions, having been instrumental in setting up the European Indoor Championships, and also hosting the ICC European Trophy twice - finishing second on both occasions.
In 2002, Austria played in the ICC European Championships for the first time, with a close loss to Gibraltar being its best performance.
They did not compete again until 2009, when they took part in European Championship Division Four in Cyprus. A decent performance was put up as it won four out of five matches, finishing below Cyprus and Switzerland only on net run-rate.
Domestic competitions
Competitive outdoor cricket matches have been organised by the ACA for more than 20 years in different formats, with the ACA Open League considered the premier tournament. The ACA Trophy, which had previously been a 40-overs-per-side tournament switched to a 20-over format in 2008.
Furthermore, the Austrian clubs organise indoor and outdoor tournaments and friendly fixtures amongst themselves and against touring teams. There are 13 member clubs in the ACA, predominantly from Vienna.
Cricket Development
Austria CC Wien (Vienna) sets an example to the other clubs with its youth, women's and schools' cricket development programme, which has been masterminded by Siva Nadarajah, whose commitment to Austrian cricket over nearly 30 years has been second to none. Its junior teams play regularly against teams from neighboring countries and have been exceptionally successful in recent years.
In 2019, Graz Cricket Academy was formed, with the stated aim of growing the game in Austria at all levels; men, women and youth.
References
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56187693
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banks%20Pocket%2C%20Queensland
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Banks Pocket, Queensland
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Banks Pocket is a rural locality in the Gympie Region, Queensland, Australia. In the Banks Pocket had a population of 156 people.
History
The locality was officially named and bounded on 1 December 2000.
In the Banks Pocket had a population of 156 people.
References
Gympie Region
Localities in Queensland
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2268011
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oberlahnstein
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Oberlahnstein
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Oberlahnstein () is a part of the city of Lahnstein in Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany. It lies on the right bank of the Rhine, at the confluence of the Lahn 4 m. above Koblenz, on the Right Rhine railway from Cologne to Frankfurt-on-Main.
Oberlahnstein still retains parts of its ancient walls and towers, and possesses a castle, the Schloss Martinsburg, formerly the residence of the electors of Mainz, and the chapel, Marien Kapelle, in which the German king Wenceslaus was deposed by the electors in 1400. Near the town is the castle of Lahneck, built about 1290, destroyed by the French in 1689, and restored in 1854. In the neighborhood are lead and silver mines.
Notes
Towns in Rhineland-Palatinate
Duchy of Nassau
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34335004
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cho%20Chung-yun
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Cho Chung-yun
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Cho Chung-Yun was a South Korean association football player and manager. He was president of Korea Football Association.
Honours
Manager
Hyundai FC
Professional Football Championship: 1986
References
1946 births
Living people
Association football midfielders
South Korean footballers
Ulsan Hyundai FC managers
Korea University alumni
South Korean football executives
South Korean football managers
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5201709
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus%20Fischer
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Klaus Fischer
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Klaus Fischer (born 27 December 1949) is a German former professional footballer and coach. He was a key player on the West Germany national team that lost the 1982 World Cup final to Italy. As a forward, he was noted for his bicycle kicks, and scored a spectacular overhead kick equalizer in extra-time of a 1982 World Cup semi-final against France.
Club career
Fischer was born in Kreuzstraßl, near Lindberg (Bayerischer Wald) in the district of Regen.
He moved from SC Zwiesel to TSV 1860 Munich in 1968 and made 535 Bundesliga appearances for 1860 Munich, FC Schalke 04, 1. FC Köln and VfL Bochum. With Schalke 04 he won the German Cup in 1972. Schalke 04 were one of the clubs involved in a bribery scandal in season 1970–71 of the Bundesliga. As one of the players involved, Fischer initially received a ban for life, but this punishment was later reduced to a one-year league ban and a five-year ban from national team eligibility.
In 1976, he was top scorer in the Bundesliga. With 268 goals he ranks third to Gerd Müller and Robert Lewandowski on the list of all-time top Bundesliga goalscorers. In 1988 Fischer's club side VfL Bochum made it to the German Cup final, but Fischer did not feature in the final match. He ended his career in 1988.
His 182 league goals for Schalke 04 remain a club record.
International career
Fischer made 45 appearances for the Germany national team from 1977 to 1982, scoring 32 goals (eight headers and 24 with his feet, including two bicycle kicks). He appeared in two World Cups and was a World Cup runner-up in Spain in 1982.
Fischer was known particularly for his bicycle kicks, often set up for him by Rüdiger Abramczik. His goal from a bicycle kick in a 4–1 win in a 1977 international match against Switzerland was selected as the Goal of the Year by German television viewers. It would later be voted Goal of the Decade and Goal of the Century. He also scored a famous bicycle kick equalizer in extra time in a 1982 World Cup semi-final against France, which West Germany went on to win on penalties.
Coaching career
Fischer runs a football training school.
Career statistics
Club
International
Honours
Schalke 04
DFB-Pokal: 1971–72
1. FC Köln
DFB-Pokal: 1982–83
West Germany
FIFA World Cup runner-up: 1982
Individual
Bundesliga top scorer: 1975–76 (29 goals)
Goal of the Year (Germany): 1977
Goal of the Decade (Germany)
Goal of the Century (Germany)
kicker Bundesliga Team of the Season: 1984–85
References
1949 births
Living people
People from Regen (district)
German footballers
Association football forwards
Germany international footballers
Germany under-21 international footballers
1978 FIFA World Cup players
1982 FIFA World Cup players
Bundesliga players
Kicker-Torjägerkanone Award winners
TSV 1860 Munich players
FC Schalke 04 players
1. FC Köln players
VfL Bochum players
FC Schalke 04 managers
Footballers from Bavaria
German football managers
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27473625
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin%20Frazier
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Calvin Frazier
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Calvin H. Frazier (February 16, 1915 – September 23, 1972) was an American Detroit blues and country blues guitarist, singer and songwriter. Despite leaving a fragmented recording history, both as a singer and guitarist, Frazier was an associate of Robert Johnson, and recorded alongside Johnny Shines, Sampson Pittman, T.J. Fowler, Alberta Adams, Jimmy Milner, Baby Boy Warren, Boogie Woogie Red, and latterly Washboard Willie. His early work was recorded by the Library of Congress (now preserved by the National Recording Registry) prior to the outbreak of World War II, although his more commercial period took place between 1949 and 1956.
Biography
Frazier was born in Osceola, Arkansas. He initially performed with his brothers. Befriending Johnny Shines, in 1930 they travelled together to Helena, Arkansas, where they met Robert Johnson. The threesome moved on to Detroit, Michigan, with Frazier bringing his wife, Gussie Mae, and their children. Here they performed hymns on local radio stations. Frazier and Johnson returned to the South, where they performed with the drummer James "Peck" Curtis.
In 1935, Frazier was involved in a dispute in Memphis, Tennessee, in which he was wounded and his only brother and another man were shot dead. Frazier returned to Detroit with his wife but then wed Shines's cousin, in an invalid marriage. He played guitar as an accompanist for Big Maceo Merriweather, Sonny Boy Williamson II and Baby Boy Warren. He was recorded in 1938 by the folklorist Alan Lomax for the Library of Congress. His recordings include "Lily Mae" (dedicated to his wife), a revision of Johnson's "Honeymoon Blues", and "Highway 51", a variant of Johnson's "Dust My Broom".
His unique style combined slide guitar playing with unusual lyrics and vocal phrasing that is difficult to decipher. He released three singles under his own name in 1949 and 1951 on the Alben and New Song labels, including "Got Nobody to Tell My Troubles To", which he recorded in Toledo, Ohio, in 1951. From 1951 to 1953, Frazier was a recording member of T. J. Fowler's jump blues combo. He then recorded with Warren in 1954. His final sessions in the studio appear to have been in 1956, backing Washboard Willie. Without any tangible success on records or otherwise, Frazier nevertheless performed around Detroit, taking his youngest daughter Carol Frazier along on his engagements until his death.
Frazier died of cancer in September 1972, at the age of 57, in Detroit.
His most notable work is "This Old World's in a Tangle", the first song he recorded; a compilation album of the same title was issued by Laurie Records in 1993, which includes some of his earliest work. Nine of his full-length original recordings are included in the compilation Detroit Blues: Blues from the Motor City 1938–1954, released by JSP Records in 2005.
In 2009, the Detroit Blues Society led an appeal to raise monies to mark Frazier's previously unmarked grave with a headstone. By December of that year a granite slab was in place.
Compilation album
This Old World's in a Tangle (1993), Laurie Records
See also
List of Detroit blues musicians
References
External links
Comprehensive discography at Wirz.de
1915 births
1972 deaths
Blues musicians from Arkansas
Songwriters from Arkansas
American blues singers
American blues guitarists
American male guitarists
Detroit blues musicians
Singers from Arkansas
Deaths from cancer in Michigan
People from Osceola, Arkansas
20th-century American singers
20th-century American guitarists
Guitarists from Arkansas
20th-century American male singers
American male songwriters
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40697381
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013%20Prestige%20Hotels%20%26%20Resorts%20Curling%20Classic
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2013 Prestige Hotels & Resorts Curling Classic
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The 2013 Prestige Hotels & Resorts Curling Classic was held from October 4 to 7 at the Vernon Curling Club in Vernon, British Columbia as part of the 2013–14 World Curling Tour. Both the men's and women's events was held in a triple-knockout format. The purse for the men's event was CAD$26,000, while the purse for the women's event was CAD$39,500.
Men
Teams
The teams are listed as follows:
Knockout Results
The draw is listed as follows:
A Event
B Event
C Event
Playoffs
Women
Teams
The teams are listed as follows:
Knockout Results
The draw is listed as follows:
A Event
B Event
C Event
Playoffs
References
External links
2013 in Canadian curling
October 2013 sports events in Canada
2013 in British Columbia
Curling in British Columbia
Sport in Vernon, British Columbia
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43197191
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%20M.%20M.%20Vetticad
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Anna M. M. Vetticad
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Anna Mercy Mathews Vetticad, commonly known as Anna M.M. Vetticad, is an Indian film critic and journalist. She has been in the field of journalism since 1994. Vetticad has also hosted her own interview show, Star Trek, on Headlines Today. Anna has expressed her views on the film industries and racism in North-South India.
Early life
Vetticad was born to Malayali parents in Delhi. She completed her schooling from the Convent of Jesus and Mary, Delhi.
Career
She has worked with India Today (1994–2002) and The Indian Express (2002–2005) before switching to television. She worked with Headlines Today till 2011. She lives in Delhi with her family. She also used to write columns in leading magazines and newspapers, including India Today, The New Indian Express, The Indian Express, and The Hindu. Vetticad is the author of the book The Adventures of an Intrepid Film Critic, which is an overview of the Hindi film industry. She is a visiting faculty of the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, Delhi.
She was the jury member of the 7th Filmsaaz.
Criticism
Anna has been criticised for her alleged anti-Hindu bias in her film reviews on some occasions like Baahubali 2: The Conclusion.
References
English-language writers from India
1975 births
Malayali people
Indian film critics
Indian women journalists
Living people
Journalists from Delhi
Indian women critics
Indian newspaper journalists
Women writers from Delhi
21st-century Indian journalists
21st-century Indian women writers
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35980253
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binabaj
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Binabaj
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Binabaj (, also Romanized as Bīnābāj and Beynābāj; also known as Beynāvāj) is a village in Nimbeluk Rural District, Nimbeluk District, Qaen County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 569, in 171 families.
References
Populated places in Qaen County
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10534145
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianyuan%20man
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Tianyuan man
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Tianyuan man () are the remains of one of the earliest modern humans to inhabit East Asia. In 2007, researchers found 34 bone fragments belonging to a single individual at the Tianyuan Cave near Beijing, China. Radiocarbon dating shows the bones to be between 42,000 and 39,000 years old, which may be slightly younger than the only other finds of bones of a similar age at the Niah Caves in Sarawak on the South-east Asian island of Borneo.
Isotope analysis suggests that a substantial part of the diet of these individuals came from freshwater fish.
Tianyuan man is considered an early modern homo sapiens. He lacks several mandibular features common among Western or Southern Eurasian late archaic humans, showing its divergence. Based on the rate of dental occlusal attrition, it is estimated he died in his 40s or 50s.
DNA tests published in 2013 revealed that Tianyuan man is related "to many present-day Asians and Native Americans". He had also clearly diverged genetically from the ancestors of modern Europeans or Aboriginal Australians. He belonged to mitochondrial DNA haplogroup B, and his Y-chromosomal haplogroup was K2b.
Tianyuan man exhibits a unique genetic affinity for GoyetQ116-1 from the Goyet Caves in Namur province, Belgium that is not found in any other ancient individual from West Eurasia. He shares more alleles with today's people from the Surui and Karitiana tribes in Brazil than other Native American populations, suggesting a population related to Tianyuan man was once widespread in eastern Asia.
Two studies from 2021 concluded that distinctive Basal-East Asian (East-Eurasian) ancestry originated in Mainland Southeast Asia at ~50,000 BCE, and expanded through multiple migration waves southwards and northwards respectively. The Tianyuan man belonged to such an East Asian-related population which expanded northwards from Southeast Asia and is Basal to modern East Asians as well as Native Americans.
References
External links
Tianyuan, mtDNA B and the formation of Far Eastern peoples
Upper Paleolithic Homo sapiens fossils
Peopling of East Asia
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1915175
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houzeau%20%28crater%29
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Houzeau (crater)
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Houzeau is a lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon. It is located to the northwest of the Mare Orientale impact basin, and ejecta from that event has fallen across this crater rim and its interior. To the south of Houzeau lies the crater Gerasimovich, and one crater diameter to the west is Belopol'skiy. To the northwest lies Fridman, with Ioffe to its southwest.
The perimeter of this crater forms a slightly irregular circle, with an outward bulge along the northern side and smaller bulges to the west. The satellite craters Houzeau P and Houzeau Q are attached to the southern exterior. Along the eastern edge is a small crater along the rim. A few tiny craterlets lie within the somewhat irregular interior.
Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Houzeau.
References
Impact craters on the Moon
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63666679
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20botanical%20gardens%20in%20Israel
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List of botanical gardens in Israel
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Botanical gardens in Israel have collections consisting entirely of Israel native and endemic species; most have a collection that include plants from around the world. There are botanical gardens and arboreta in all states and territories of Israel, most are administered by local governments, some are privately owned.
Dead Sea Ein Gedi Botanic Garden
Jerusalem Botanical Gardens, Jerusalem
Tel Aviv University Botanical Garden Tel Aviv
Arad Botanical Gardens
Ben Gurion University of the Negev Beer Sheva
N‚ot Kdomim Biblical Garden Ben Shemen
Arboretum Dpt. of Natural Resources Beit Dagan
Botanical Garden "Mikveh-Israel" Holon
Jericho Botanical Garden Jericho
Botanical Garden for Native Flora of Israel Jerusalem
Havath-Noy Garden Ruppin
Palestinian Botanical Garden West Bank
Ramat Hanadiv Memorial Gardens and Nature Park Zikhron Yaakov
References
Israel
Botanical gardens
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31805546
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RewardVille
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RewardVille
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RewardVille is Zynga’s defunct virtual in-game currency and rewards program. Launched in March 2011 and retired on 5 December 2012, the program allowed players to earn exclusive Zynga-specific points and coins that could be spent within Zynga games or used to unlock virtual goods for use in the games or to gift to other players. Players collected “zCoins” currency and “zPoints”, which could be used to upgrade a user's Zynga status. Players could earn as many as 80 zPoints per game or 300 zPoints total in one day, by playing Zynga games.
RewardVille was available in French, Italian, German, Spanish, Portuguese, and English.
In a partnership with Lady Gaga, virtual items such as a Lady Gaga Gyrosphere in CityVille, a Lipstick Gun in Mafia Wars and a Paws Up Statue for FrontierVille were available in RewardVille. It was the first time Zynga had partnered with an artist to offer exclusive items.
In a partnership with Pizza Hut, a $5 or more donation to benefit the World Hunger Relief campaign gave players a choice of a Food Wagon for use in FarmVille, a Nutrition Center for use in CityVille, a Farm for use in Empires & Allies, or a Merino Sheep for use in The Pioneer Trail.
References
Facebook games
Zynga
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56961187
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yandama%2C%20New%20South%20Wales
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Yandama, New South Wales
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Yandama Parish is a remote rural locality and civil parish of Evelyn County, New South Wales in far northwest New South Wales.
The geography of the Parish is mostly the flat, arid landscape of the Channel Country. The parish has a Köppen climate classification of BWh (Hot desert). The nearest town is Tibooburra to the north, which is on the Silver City Highway and lies south of the Sturt National Park.
References
Parishes of Evelyn County
Localities in New South Wales
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31447420
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stian%20Bj%C3%B8rge
|
Stian Bjørge
|
Stian Bjørge (born 31 July 1976) is a Norwegian speed skater, born in Skien. He competed in the 5000 m at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City.
References
External links
1976 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Skien
Norwegian male speed skaters
Olympic speed skaters of Norway
Speed skaters at the 2002 Winter Olympics
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34361438
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996%20United%20States%20presidential%20election%20in%20Rhode%20Island
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1996 United States presidential election in Rhode Island
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The 1996 United States presidential election in Rhode Island took place on November 5, 1996, as part of the 1996 United States presidential election. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
Rhode Island was won by President Bill Clinton (D) over Senator Bob Dole (R-KS), with Clinton winning 59.71% to 26.82% by a margin of 32.89%. Billionaire businessman Ross Perot (Reform Party of the United States of America-TX) finished in third, with 11.20% of the popular vote.
As of 2020, this was the most recent presidential election in which the town of Scituate voted for a Democrat.
Results
By county
See also
United States presidential elections in Rhode Island
References
Rhode Island
1996
1996 Rhode Island elections
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151783
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling%27s%20approximation
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Stirling's approximation
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In mathematics, Stirling's approximation (or Stirling's formula) is an approximation for factorials. It is a good approximation, leading to accurate results even for small values of . It is named after James Stirling, though a related but less precise result was first stated by Abraham de Moivre.
The version of the formula typically used in applications is
(in Big Theta notation, as ), or, by changing the base of the logarithm (for instance in the worst-case lower bound for comparison sorting),
Specifying the constant in the error term gives , yielding the more precise formula:
where the sign ~ means that the two quantities are asymptotic: their ratio tends to 1 as tends to infinity. The following version of the bound holds for all , rather than only asymptotically:
Derivation
Roughly speaking, the simplest version of Stirling's formula can be quickly obtained by approximating the sum
with an integral:
The full formula, together with precise estimates of its error, can be derived as follows. Instead of approximating , one considers its natural logarithm, as this is a slowly varying function:
The right-hand side of this equation minus
is the approximation by the trapezoid rule of the integral
and the error in this approximation is given by the Euler–Maclaurin formula:
where is a Bernoulli number, and is the remainder term in the Euler–Maclaurin formula. Take limits to find that
Denote this limit as . Because the remainder in the Euler–Maclaurin formula satisfies
where big-O notation is used, combining the equations above yields the approximation formula in its logarithmic form:
Taking the exponential of both sides and choosing any positive integer , one obtains a formula involving an unknown quantity . For , the formula is
The quantity can be found by taking the limit on both sides as tends to infinity and using Wallis' product, which shows that . Therefore, one obtains Stirling's formula:
Alternative derivation
An alternative formula for using the gamma function is
(as can be seen by repeated integration by parts). Rewriting and changing variables , one obtains
Applying Laplace's method one has
which recovers Stirling's formula:
In fact, further corrections can also be obtained using Laplace's method. For example, computing two-order expansion using Laplace's method yields (using little-o notation)
and gives Stirling's formula to two orders:
A complex-analysis version of this method is to consider as a Taylor coefficient of the exponential function , computed by Cauchy's integral formula as
This line integral can then be approximated using the saddle-point method with an appropriate choice of countour radius . The dominant portion of the integral near the saddle point is then approximated by a real integral and Laplace's method, while the remaining portion of the integral can be bounded above to give an error term.
Speed of convergence and error estimates
Stirling's formula is in fact the first approximation to the following series (now called the Stirling series):
An explicit formula for the coefficients in this series was given by G. Nemes. Further terms are listed in the On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences as and . The first graph in this section shows the relative error vs. , for 1 through all 5 terms listed above.
As , the error in the truncated series is asymptotically equal to the first omitted term. This is an example of an asymptotic expansion. It is not a convergent series; for any particular value of there are only so many terms of the series that improve accuracy, after which accuracy worsens. This is shown in the next graph, which shows the relative error versus the number of terms in the series, for larger numbers of terms. More precisely, let be the Stirling series to terms evaluated at . The graphs show
which, when small, is essentially the relative error.
Writing Stirling's series in the form
it is known that the error in truncating the series is always of the opposite sign and at most the same magnitude as the first omitted term.
More precise bounds, due to Robbins, valid for all positive integers are
A looser version of this bound is that for all .
Stirling's formula for the gamma function
For all positive integers,
where denotes the gamma function.
However, the gamma function, unlike the factorial, is more broadly defined for all complex numbers other than non-positive integers; nevertheless, Stirling's formula may still be applied. If , then
Repeated integration by parts gives
where is the th Bernoulli number (note that the limit of the sum as is not convergent, so this formula is just an asymptotic expansion). The formula is valid for large enough in absolute value, when , where is positive, with an error term of . The corresponding approximation may now be written:
where the expansion is identical to that of Stirling's series above for , except that is replaced with .
A further application of this asymptotic expansion is for complex argument with constant . See for example the Stirling formula applied in of the Riemann–Siegel theta function on the straight line .
Error bounds
For any positive integer , the following notation is introduced:
and
Then
For further information and other error bounds, see the cited papers.
A convergent version of Stirling's formula
Thomas Bayes showed, in a letter to John Canton published by the Royal Society in 1763, that Stirling's formula did not give a convergent series. Obtaining a convergent version of Stirling's formula entails evaluating Raabe's formula:
One way to do this is by means of a convergent series of inverted rising exponentials. If
then
where
where denotes the Stirling numbers of the first kind. From this one obtains a version of Stirling's series
which converges when .
Versions suitable for calculators
The approximation
and its equivalent form
can be obtained by rearranging Stirling's extended formula and observing a coincidence between the resultant power series and the Taylor series expansion of the hyperbolic sine function. This approximation is good to more than 8 decimal digits for with a real part greater than 8. Robert H. Windschitl suggested it in 2002 for computing the gamma function with fair accuracy on calculators with limited program or register memory.
Gergő Nemes proposed in 2007 an approximation which gives the same number of exact digits as the Windschitl approximation but is much simpler:
or equivalently,
An alternative approximation for the gamma function stated by Srinivasa Ramanujan (Ramanujan 1988) is
for . The equivalent approximation for has an asymptotic error of and is given by
The approximation may be made precise by giving paired upper and lower bounds; one such inequality is
History
The formula was first discovered by Abraham de Moivre in the form
De Moivre gave an approximate rational-number expression for the natural logarithm of the constant. Stirling's contribution consisted of showing that the constant is precisely .
See also
Lanczos approximation
Spouge's approximation
References
Further reading
External links
Peter Luschny, Approximation formulas for the factorial function n!
Approximations
Asymptotic analysis
Analytic number theory
Gamma and related functions
Theorems in analysis
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine%2C%20Wirt%20County%2C%20West%20Virginia
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Palestine, Wirt County, West Virginia
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Palestine is an unincorporated community in Wirt County, West Virginia, United States. It is located at the confluence of the Little Kanawha River and Reedy Creek, at , at an elevation of 682 feet (208 m). Its ZIP code is 26160. The community was named after Palestine.
Prior to 1905, the name of Palestine's post office was Reedy Ripple, to distinguish its name from a community named "Palatine" in Marion County; the name "Reedy Ripple" derived from an accumulation of gravel in the Little Kanawha River at the mouth of Reedy Creek. Palestine gained notice in 2003 for being the hometown of Jessica Lynch.
The Buffalo Church near Palestine was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.
References
Unincorporated communities in Wirt County, West Virginia
Unincorporated communities in West Virginia
Little Kanawha River
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51850292
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranadhir%20Chandra%20Sarma%20Sarkar
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Ranadhir Chandra Sarma Sarkar
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Ranadhir Chandra Sarma Sarkar, I.A.S. (1908–2000) was an Indian bureaucrat and civil servant. He was the 11th chairman of the Union Public Service Commission of India from May 1971 to February 1973. He served as the Law Secretary of Government of India. He has authored various books and articles in various journals related to law which have been referred to by other academics. In 1973-74, Sarkar was part of the committee set by All India Panchayat Parishad, along with S. K. Dey and headed by Laxmi Mall Singhvi. The committee's report helped in granting the constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj. He studied at Presidency University, Kolkata.
Works
An Approach to the Constitution of India, 1981
The Press in India, 1984
Union-State Relations in India, 1986
The Constitution of India, 1991
References
1908 births
2000 deaths
Chairmen of Union Public Service Commission
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36703283
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel%20Fumic
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Manuel Fumic
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Manuel Fumic (born 30 March 1982) is a German cross-country cyclist. He finished 8th at the 2004 Summer Olympics and 11th at the 2008 Olympic Games. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he competed in the men's cross-country at Hadleigh Farm, finishing in 7th place. At the 2016 Summer Olympics, he finished in 13th place.
He was on the start list for the 2018 cross-country European Championship but was not able to finish. He is the younger brother of Lado Fumic.
Major results
2001
1st National Under-23 XCO Championships
2002
1st National Under-23 XCO Championships
2003
1st National Under-23 XCO Championships
2nd UCI Under-23 World XCO Championships
3rd European Under-23 XCO Championships
2004
1st UCI Under-23 World XCO Championships
1st European Under-23 XCO Championships
1st National Under-23 XCO Championships
2008
1st National XCO Championships
2010
2nd Mixed relay, UCI World Championships
2012
1st National XCO Championships
3rd Mixed relay, UCI World Championships
2013
2nd UCI World XCO Championships
3rd Mixed relay, UCI World Championships
2014
4th Overall UCI XCO World Cup
2015
European Championships
1st Mixed relay
3rd XCO
1st National XCO Championships
2017
1st National XCO Championships
3rd European XCO Championships
2018
1st National XCO Championships
2nd Mixed relay, UCI World Championships
2019
2nd Overall Cape Epic (with Henrique Avancini)
2021
1st National XCO Championships
References
External links
German male cyclists
Cross-country mountain bikers
1982 births
Living people
Olympic cyclists of Germany
Cyclists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Cyclists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Cyclists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Cyclists at the 2016 Summer Olympics
People from Kirchheim unter Teck
Sportspeople from Baden-Württemberg
Cape Epic cyclists
German mountain bikers
Cyclists at the 2020 Summer Olympics
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42057833
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arno%20und%20die%20Morgencrew
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Arno und die Morgencrew
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Arno und die Morgencrew (English: Arno and the Morning Crew) is the morning show of the Berlin radio station 104.6 RTL. It broadcasts weekdays from 5:00 – 10:00 in the morning. Each Saturday, a summary of the week follows in a “best-of” show from 8:00 – 10:00 in the morning. The host of the show is Arno Müller, who is also the director of programming of 104.6 RTL. His co-host has been Katja Desens since 1995.
History
Arno und die Morgencrew is a morning show in the same vein as American morning radio shows, with a lot of comedy and multiple hosts, sidekicks, traffic pilots, sweepstakes, listener participation, as well as promotions, like “Smash Your Bathroom” or “Ex or Marriage”.
Within nine months, the show became the leader in listeners in the Berlin market according to the German Media-Analyse, and pointed the way for the German radio scene. Arno und die Morgencrew is one of the most copied shows in Germany.
Once a year, Arno und die Morgencrew broadcasts from Majorca. Other overseas broadcasts were made from Los Angeles, Hong Kong, Greece, Dubai, Turkey, and Thailand.
Comedies and categories
Burhan Yilmaz (Crazy phone)
Der kleine Nils (English: Little Nils) (Crazy phone)
Opa Kurt (English: Grandpa Kurt) (Crazy phone)
Jürgen Kerbel (Crazy phone)
Marie aus Paris (English: Marie from Paris) (Crazy phone)
Phillip von Senftleben – the world champion of flirting
Supermerkel
Daily Wowi
Unrequested demand
Agathe Bauer Songs
365 things that you must have done in Berlin and Brandenburg before you die
Crew vs. You
The Morning Crew on hold
Christmas wishes
Battle of the Sexes
From 0 to 100
Loyalty test
Bavaria wakes up
Awards
1993/1994 Research Group Samurai Award on the NAB in Los Angeles, Arno Müller
1993 Bild Newspaper “Radio Man of the Year”, Arno Müller
2005 German Radio Award, The Best German Morning Show
2008 Radio Award, Agathe Bauer Songs
2008 Radio Award, Ausbildung für alle (English:Education for All)
2011 Golden Lion, 20 Years at RTL, Arno Müller
2012 German Radio Award, Life’s Work in Hosting, Arno Müller
References
All of the content of this article comes from the equivalent German-language Wikipedia article (see "Deutsch" link in the language list). Retrieved on February 26, 2014. The following references are cited by that German-language article:
German radio programs
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2109608
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promodal%20Transportes%20A%C3%A9reos
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Promodal Transportes Aéreos
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Promodal Transportes Aéreos was a short-lived cargo airline based in São Paulo, Brazil.
Code data
ICAO Code: GPT
Callsign: Promodal
History
The airline was established in 2003 and was wholly owned by Grupo GPT. Operations ceased in 2004, and the company was subsequently dissolved.
Fleet
The Promodal fleet consisted of one McDonnell Douglas DC-8 aircraft (as of January 2005).
See also
List of defunct airlines of Brazil
References
Defunct airlines of Brazil
Airlines established in 2003
Airlines disestablished in 2004
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8515969
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinema%20of%20Indonesia
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Cinema of Indonesia
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Cinema of Indonesia has a long history dated back to 1900. Until the 1920s, cinema in Indonesia belonged only to the Europeans, with silent documentaries and feature films imported from France and the United States. Documentaries about the nature and life of Indonesia, sponsored by the Dutch East Indies government were made by the Dutch people or Europeans. Domestic production of documentaries had begun in 1911. During that time, there was a film called Onze Oost or Timur Milik Kita (1919). However, the first domestically produced film in the Dutch East Indies was in 1926: Loetoeng Kasaroeng, a silent film, which was an adaptation of the Sundanese legend of the same name.
During 1926, there were movie theatres named as Oriental and Elita in Bandung. The first movie theatre in Jakarta was Alhamra, which was opened in 1931.
The definition of Indonesian films is also an important consideration of how a film can be called a local or Indonesian identity. The Indonesian Film Agency or BPI summarizes the definition of Indonesian films as films made with Indonesian resources, and wholly or partly Intellectual Property is owned by Indonesian citizens or legal entities in Indonesia.
Indonesian cinema reached its first big step to dominate majorities of movie theaters in big cities in the 1980s, and started to compete around international film festivals before its downfall in the 1990s with the economic clash and political movements. Around this era, young stars like Onky Alexander, Meriam Bellina, Lydia Kandou, Nike Ardilla, Paramitha Rusady and Desy Ratnasari dominated the silver screen with films like Catatan si Boy (Boy’s Diary) and Blok M.
The industry was struggling to gain public interest to go watch films in the movie theaters, and films produced mostly show very limited choices between teenage dramas or horror and adult genres. Domination of Hollywood and foreign films in movie theaters were other reasons for Indonesian film slowly losing its place and popularity. After the Reform in the beginning of 2000, the film industry starts to gain its strength with the growing number of young filmmakers, while the industry was still adjusting to the new constitutions, Indonesian cinema started to reconstruct its identity, just like a breath of fresh air local films retake its throne to be as popular as Hollywood and foreign films to dominate the majorities of movie theaters again.
Though the film industry is currently the fastest-growing sub-sector of Indonesia's creative economy, after it went through a long, struggling period. The number of moviegoers in the country were more than 52 million in 2019. The Indonesian film industry released 230 films in 2019. As of 2019, there are about 2,000 screens in Indonesia, which is expected to reach 3,000 by 2020. 21 Cineplex, CGV Cinemas and Cinépolis (previously Cinemaxx) currently dominate the movie theatre industry in Indonesia.
History
Colonial era
The first showing of films in the Dutch East Indies was in 1900, and over the next twenty years foreign productions – generally from the United States – were imported and shown throughout the country. Domestic production of documentaries had begun in 1911 but were unable to compete with imported works. By 1923 a local feature film production spearheaded by the Middle East Film Co. was announced, but the work was not completed.
The first domestically produced film in the Indies was in 1926: Loetoeng Kasaroeng, a silent film by Dutch director L. Heuveldorp. This adaptation of the Sundanese legend was made with local actors by the NV Java Film Company in Bandung and premiered on 31 December 1926 at the Elite and Majestic Theatres in Bandung. The following year, G. Krugers – who had served as a technician and cinematographer for Loetoeng Kasaroeng – released his directorial debut (the second film in the Indies), Eulis Atjih. Owing to Loetoeng Kasaroeng limited release, Kruger was able to advertise his film as the colony's first. A year later, the second novel to be adapted to film in Indonesia, Setangan Berloemoer Darah, was produced by Tan Boen Soan.
Ethnic Chinese directors and producers, capitalising on the success of films produced in Shanghai, China, became involved in the colony's cinema beginning in 1928, when Nelson Wong completed Lily van Java. Although the Wongs went on hiatus, other ethnic Chinese became involved in film. Several Chinese owned start-ups are recorded from 1929 on, including Nancing Film with Resia Boroboedoer (1928) and Tan's Film with Njai Dasima (1929). By the early 1930s Chinese-owned businesses were the dominating force in the country's film industry.
After the Great Depression reached the Indies, production slowed tremendously. The Dutch East Indies government collected higher taxes and cinemas sold tickets at lower prices, ensuring that there was a meagre profit margin for local films. As a result, cinemas in the colony mainly showed Hollywood productions, while the domestic industry decayed. The Teng Chun, who had made his debut in 1931 with Boenga Roos dari Tjikembang, was the only producer able to release films during 1934 and early 1935: his low budget but popular films were mainly inspired by Chinese mythology or martial arts, and although aimed at ethnic Chinese proved popular among native audiences because of their action sequences.
In an attempt to show that locally produced, well-made films could be profitable, the Dutch journalist Albert Balink, who had no formal film experience, produced Pareh in 1935 in collaboration with Nelson Wong and his brothers. Though the film, costing 20 times as much as most contemporary productions, was an ultimate failure, it affected The Teng Chun's directorial style; the latter took less traditional stories. Balink's next attempt, Terang Boelan, was released two years later. Unlike Pareh, Terang Boelan was a marked commercial success, earning 200,000 Straits dollars (then equivalent to US$ 114,470) in two months. These two films are, according to American visual anthropologist Karl G. Heider, Indonesia's most important films of the 1930s.
The triple successes of Terang Boelan, Fatima (1938), and Alang-Alang (1939) revived the domestic film industry. Four new production houses were established in 1940, and actors and actresses previously attached to theatrical troupes entered the film industry, which was reaching new audiences. The new works, fourteen in 1940 and thirty in 1941, generally followed the formula established by Terang Boelan: songs, beautiful scenery and romance. Others, such as Asmara Moerni, attempted to reach the growing native intelligentsia by drawing journalists or figures from the growing nationalist movement into cinema.
Japanese occupation
After its genesis during the Dutch colonial era, the Indonesian film industry was coopted by the Japanese occupiers during the Second World War as a propaganda tool. The first thing the Japanese did was to halt all film production in Indonesia. Then the Office of Cultural Enlightenment () headed by Ishimoto Tokichi appropriated facilities from all filmmaking organisations consolidating them into a single studio which became the Jakarta branch of The Japan Film Corporation () or Nichi'ei. The majority of films made in Indonesia under the Japanese were educational films and newsreels produced for audiences in Japan. The Jakarta branch was strategically placed at the extreme southern end of Japan's empire and soon became a centre of newsreel production in that region. Popular news serials such as News from the South and Berita Film di Djawa were produced here. Japanese newsreels promoted such topics as conscripted "romusha" labourers (, 1944), voluntary enlistment into the Imperial Japanese Army (, 1944), and Japanese language acquisition by Indonesian children (, 1944).
The great victory in Japan's occupation of the Indonesian film industry did not lie in financial gain. Local Japanese-sponsored film production (other than newsreels) remained essentially negligible, and the domestic exhibition market was too underdeveloped to be financially viable. However, Nichi'ei'''s occupation of the Indonesian film industry was a strategic victory over the West, demonstrating that a non-Western Asian nation could displace Hollywood and the Dutch. Indonesia was one of the last areas in the empire to surrender, and many who worked at Nichi'ei stayed on after defeat to work for Indonesian independence from the Dutch.
Korean director Hae Yeong (aka Hinatsu Eitaro) was one such person who migrated to Java from Korea in 1945, where he made the controversial "documentary" Calling Australia (, 1944). After the war, Hae changed his name to Dr. Huyung, married an Indonesian woman with whom he had two sons, and directed three films before his death in 1952, Between Sky and Earth (1951), Gladis Olah Raga (1951), and Bunga Rumar Makan (1952). Calling Australia was commissioned by the Imperial Japanese Army and depicted Japanese prisoner of war camps as if they were country clubs showing prisoners feasting on steak and beer, swimming, and playing sports. After the war, the film caused such a stir that The Netherlands Indies Film Unit rushed into production Nippon Presents which used some of the P.O.W.s from Calling Australia to expose that film as Japanese lies. In 1987, Australian filmmaker Graham Shirley assembled the remaining survivors to make yet another documentary about how both regimes had conspired to exploit the prisoners each for their own purposes.
After independence
After independence, the Sukarno government used it for nationalistic, anti-imperalist purposes and foreign film imports were banned. After the overthrow of Sukarno by Suharto's New Order regime, films were regulated through a censorship code that aimed to maintain the social order and regime grip on society. Through his company Perfini, Usmar Ismail, a director from West Sumatra, made a major imprint in Indonesian film in the 1950s and 1960s. Djamaluddin Malik's Persari Film often emulated American genre films and the working practices of the Hollywood studio system, as well as remaking popular Indian films.
In the late 1950s there’s a lot of political aspects that impacted the film industry, not only in the production part but also in distributions and the movie theaters. Threats of burning the movie theaters and film boycotts by anti-imperialist movement coerced the figure of movie theaters to drop drastically, around 1964 there were 700 movie theaters in the archipel and only left with 350 in 1965. This era has been greatly influenced by the 30 September Movement which led to a dilemmatic position for local movie theater owners when the local films produced wasn’t enough to fill the program slot. The economic crash has put the growing industry on hold and paralyzed people's purchasing power, however at the end of this decade the film industry mostly survived by foreign movies entered in local movie theaters which also brought up people’s interest to watch movies again.
1980s
The industry reached its peak in the 1980s, with successful films such as Naga Bonar (1987) and Catatan si Boy (1989). Warkop's comedy films, directed by Arizal also proved to be successful. The industry has also found appeal among teens with such fare as Pintar-pintar Bodoh (1982), and Maju Kena Mundur Kena (1984). Actors during this era included Deddy Mizwar, Eva Arnaz, Lidya Kandou, Onky Alexander, Meriam Bellina, Rano Karno, and Paramitha Rusady. The film Tjoet Nja' Dhien (1988) winning 9 Citra Awards at the 1988 Indonesian Film Festival. It was also the first Indonesian movie chosen for screening at the Cannes Film Festival, where it was awarded Best International Film in 1989.
1990s
By the 1990s, imports of foreign films resumed, and the artistic quality of Indonesian films was reduced due to competition, especially from the US and Hong Kong. The number of movies produced decreased significantly, from 115 in 1990 to just 37 in 1993.
A new law No. 8 created in 1992 about Films put a production as a non obligatory activity, and there’s no longer a production permit which builds communication between filmmakers and the house productions with the government. This new constitution later resulted in the decreasing figures of film produced whether it’s a commercial film or independent ones throughout the decade because there’s no accurate number as the Ministry of Communication in the department of multimedia technology is no longer active and there are no authorities who will replace the role to be in charge during the productions.
Rampant counterfeiting and television also contributed to the degradation of Indonesian cinema. In this decade, Indonesian cinema was dominated by serial electronic cinema (sinetron). Multivision Plus under Raam Punjabi, controlled one of many cinema companies who produced sinetron. The majority of films produced were exploitive, adult-themed B-movies shown in budget cinemas and outdoor screenings or direct-to-video or television. In 1996, 33 films were made in Indonesia, with the majority of the films produced were filled with adult-themed content, and later on, decreased significantly. Only seven domestic films were made in 1999.
2000s
Under the Reformasi movement of the post-Suharto era, independent filmmaking was a rebirth of the film industry in Indonesia, where films started addressing topics which were previously banned such as religion, race, love and other topics.
In 2002, the number of domestic films made increased from only six in 2001 to ten. It continued to increase significantly as the years passed on.
Recent notable films include Ada Apa dengan Cinta? directed by Rudi Soedjarwo in 2002, Eliana Eliana, directed by Riri Riza, and Arisan! starring Tora Sudiro, which was released in 2005, Beauty and Warrior, Indonesia's first animated feature film was released. That same year Gie ( Riri Riza), based on a biopic of Indonesian activist Soe Hok Gie, was also released.
The release of Ayat-Ayat Cinta, directed by Hanung Bramantyo, attracted one segment of audience like never before in the Indonesian film history. The melodramatic story did not give new approaches to cinematic storytelling, but the crossover between Islam and modern-romance story has succeeded in luring Muslims around the country into cinemas.
In 2009, Infinite Frameworks released their first full-length animation movie, Sing to the Dawn ("Meraih Mimpi" in Indonesian). The movie itself is almost Indonesian-made since some of the top members are foreigners. However, all artists and dubbers are Indonesian, and most of the dubbers are top celebrities such as Gita Gutawa, Surya Saputra, and Jajang C. Noer.
2010s
Between 2010 until 2011, due to the substantial increase in value-added tax applied to foreign films, cinemas no longer have access to many foreign films, including Oscar-winning films. Foreign films include major box offices from the West and other major film producers of the world. This has caused a massive ripple effect on the country's economy. It is assumed that this increases the purchase of unlicensed DVDs. However, even copyright violating DVDs now take longer to obtain. The minimum cost to view a foreign film not screened locally is IDR one million. This is equivalent to US$100, as it includes a plane ticket to Singapore.
The Indonesian film market is in the C, D, E classes, and due to this, foreign porn stars such as Sasha Grey, Vicky Vette, Maria Ozawa, Sora Aoi, and Rin Sakuragi have been invited to play a part in movies. Most locally made movies are low-budget horror films.
Locally made film quality has gone up since 2011, this was attested by the international release of films such as The Raid (2011) and its 2014 sequel, Modus Anomali (2012), Dilema (2012), Lovely Man (2012), Java Heat (2013) and Pengabdi Setan (2017).
Indonesian horror films, particularly the work of director Joko Anwar, attracted international attention in the 2010s, aided by streaming services. The Queen of Black Magic, Satan's Slaves and Impetigore have been perceived as part of a new wave of folk horror films from Southeast Asia.
In the last decade, Indonesian cinema has experienced significant improvements compared to previous decades, not only with the construction of new movie theaters in areas outside the island of Java, but also behind the scenes in the industry. The presence of various associations that support production is an important factor.
Domestically, the government's efforts to promote local films with the regulation of Law Number 39 of Film in 2009 had a positive impact on the development of this industry, in section 9 article 10 it is explained that film activities and film show business actors must prioritize Indonesian films, and prioritize the use of sources. domestic power optimally. Meanwhile, it is clarified in Article 12 that film show business actors are prohibited from showing films from only one production house and in their circulation it is prohibited to import films exceeding 50% (fifty percent) of the showing hours for six consecutive months in order to avoid monopolistic practices and/or competition. not healthy.
Indonesian films are also increasingly appearing at international festivals and are starting to collaborate with other countries in distributions and productions, one of the achievements that has been achieved so far to introduce the growing industry for a larger international audience.
2020s - Present
The COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020 paralyzed the domestic and foreign film industry. Indonesia, which did not escape the pandemic, had become one of the countries with the highest infection rate in the world in July 2021 with around 44,721 active cases. This also forced the government to make an emergency decision to enforce restrictions on community activities (PPKM), namely the restriction of various group activities. The impact touched cinema entrepreneurs and film-making activities to be closed or temporarily suspended nationally from mid-March 2020.
The closing of cinemas nationwide touched around 68 cinemas, 387 screens spread across 33 cities and 15 provinces in Indonesia in the early period of the pandemic for the safety of staff and audiences. Although limited by the obligation to keep distance and work online, the pandemic has not crippled the creativity of Indonesian filmmakers to write and make their films, and production house entrepreneurs to continue their professional activities through online platforms.
This also adapts to the growing trend of online viewers from the Netflix platform and encourages local industries to improve the quality of their platforms, and/or cooperate with national television channels to avoid the economic crisis caused by the pandemic. Various independent production houses have started to busy producing their films with independent platforms that can also be accessed legally and online such as Vidio.com and Viddsee, a paid film and series online platform that shows not only Indonesian films but also foreign films.
Film festivals
The major film festival of Indonesia is the Jakarta International Film Festival (JiFFest) held every year in December since 1998. The eighth festival began on 8 December 2006 with Babel, a film starring Brad Pitt and Cate Blanchett. The 9th JiFFest was held on 7–16 December 2007.
Jakarta also hosted film festivals such as the 52nd Asia-Pacific Film Festival (APFF) on 18–22 November 2008.
Another event is the Indonesian Film Festival (Festival Film Indonesia/FFI), which has been held intermittently since 1955. From 1973 to 1992, the festival was held annually and then discontinued until it was later revived in 2004. It hosts a competition, which hands out the Citra Award.
National Film Market
Movie theaters
Record shows there were movie theatres named as Oriental and Elita during 1926 in Bandung.
The earliest cinema hall in Jakarta was Alhamra at Sawah Besar which was established in 1931. Other old cinema halls in Jakarta were Astoria, Grand, Metropole, Rex, Capitol, Rivoli, Central, Orion etc.
As of 2019, there are about 2000 screens in Indonesia, which is expected to reach 3000 by 2020. Cineplex 21, CGV Cinemas and Cinemaxx currently dominate the movie theatre industry in Indonesia with 1,003, 275 and 203 screens, respectively.
The largest cinema chain in Indonesia is 21 Cineplex, which has cinemas spread throughout thirty cities on the islands of Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Bali, Sulawesi, Moluccas, and Papua. It has three separate brands to target different markets, namely Cinema 21, Cinema XXI, and The Premiere. Since 2012, Cinema 21 outlets are gradually being renovated to become Cinema XXI.
Another cinema chain is Blitzmegaplex, which opened its first location in 2006 and it became the second biggest movie theater in the country. In 2017, the brand name was changed to CGV. As of January 2019 it has already opened 57 theaters with 249 screens in 21 cities across Indonesia. Its Megaplex at Grand Indonesia in Jakarta is dubbed Indonesia's largest cineplex by the MURI (Indonesian Record Museum).
Cinemaxx, launched by Lippo Group, opened its first cinema at The Plaza Semanggi on 17 August 2014. Cinemaxx currently operates 45 cinemas with more than 200 screens in Indonesia. It expects to open 300 cinemas with 2,000 screens spread across 85 cities in the next ten years.
In May 2017, Agung Sedayu Group opened FLIX Cinema, with its first outlet at PIK Avenue, North Jakarta. Three months later, it opened its second outlet at Grand Galaxy Park, Bekasi. It plans to open outlets at District 8 Shopping Centre, South Jakarta and Mall of Indonesia, North Jakarta (replacing CGV).
Many smaller independent cinemas also exist, such as Platinum, New Star, BES Cinema, Surya Yudha Cinema, and Dakota Cinema.
Movie-goers
In the regulation of the Minister of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia number 34 of 2019 concerning the Circulation, Performance, Export and Import of Films, article 17 explains the need for periodic notification of the number of viewers of a film made at the end of each month through a data collection system for the Number of Viewers in order to carry out functions in the field of development cinema.
The data collection is carried out by means of information technology and film data communication, which includes the number of audience gains for each film entered in national cinemas based on show hours and detailed locations, including local films and imported films.
List of well-known Indonesian Films
Various factors influenced the way a film might get classified as ‘well-known’ whether nationwide or internationally. The nationality of the film director, the origin of the adaptation and how the film is perceived by international jury and audiences in international film festivals. These may not all supporting factors for Indonesian film to be able to get its recognition, being projected in an foreign country (in which case for a film which is also a co-production with foreign production house) and those who applied partnership and production funds from international funding organizations like France and Netherlands.
Arisan ! (2003) directed by Nia Dinata
Merantau (2009) directed by Gareth Evans
The Raid (2011) directed by Gareth Evans
The Raid 2 (2014) directed by Gareth Evans
Ruma Maida (2009) directed by Teddy Soeriaatmadja
Marlina: The Murderer in Four Acts (2017) directed by Mouly Surya
For quite some time institutions and media start to collect films and classify them into categories, one of them is the best Indonesian film of All Time by Bintang Indonesia, a local magazine that covers not only movie stars, tv series but also local films. In 2007 the magazine collected nearly 25 best films from 1950’s to 2007 which were specially selected by twenty film critics like Yan Widjaya, Ilham Bintang, Ipik Tanojo, Eric Sasono, Arya Gunawan, Noorca M. Massardi, Yudhistira Massardi, Leila S. Chudori, Ekky Imanjaya, and some other film journalists from local newspapers like Kompas, Republika, The Jakarta Post, Tempo and Suara Pembaruan.
Tjoet Nja’ Dhien (1986)
Naga Bonar (1986)
Ada Apa dengan Cinta? (2001)
Kejarlah Daku Kau Kutangkap (1985)
Badai Pasti Berlalu (1977)
Arisan! (2003)
November 1828 (1978)
Gie (2005)
Taksi (1990)
Ibunda (1986)
Tiga Dara (1956)
Si Doel Anak Betawi (1973)
(Cintaku di) Kampus Biru (1976)
Doea Tanda Mata (1984)
Si Doel Anak Modern (1976)
Petualangan Sherina (1999)
Daun di Atas Bantal (1997)
Pacar Ketinggalan Kereta (1988)
Cinta Pertama (1973)
Si Mamad (1973)
Pengantin Remaja (1971)
Cintaku di Rumah Susun (1987)
Gita Cinta dari SMA (1979)
Eliana, Eliana (2002)
Inem Pelayan Sexy (1977)
Bibliography
A to Z about Indonesian Film, Ekky Imanjaya (Bandung: Mizan, 2006).
Katalog Film Indonesia 1926-2005'', JB Kristanto (Jakarta: Nalar, 2006).
See also
Cinema of the world
Festival Film Indonesia
Culture of Indonesia
Media of Indonesia
References
Works cited
External links
Indonesian films at the Internet Movie Database
Jakarta International Film Festival
21 Cineplex – Indonesian movie-theater chain
Blitz Megaplex - Indonesian multiplex chain
Cinemaxx - Indonesian movie-theater chain
Indonesian film notes
Streaming Film Indonesia
EngageMedia - social change film online from Indonesia and the Asia-Pacific
Rumah Film - Resource of Indonesian Film, in Indonesian Language
filmindonesia.or.id - Online version of JB Kristanto's film catalogue and article archive on Indonesian Films, in Indonesian Language
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman%20H.%20Baynes
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Norman H. Baynes
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Norman Hepburn Baynes (1877–1961) was a 20th-century British historian of the Byzantine Empire.
Career
Baynes was Professor of Byzantine History at University College London (UCL) from 1931 until 1942. He was given the title of Emeritus Professor in 1943 and Doctor of Literature honoris causa in 1951. His work included two fully annotated volumes of Hitler's pre-war speeches.
Death and after
In his will, Baynes made a bequest to UCLm which established 'The Norman Hepburn Baynes Prize' in 1961. The biennial prize is awarded in respect of "an essay on some aspect of history, including art, religion and thought of the Mediterranean lands within the period from 400BC to 1453AD".
Selected published works
Intellectual liberty and totalitarian claim. The Romanes lecture for 1942 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1942)
The Speeches of Adolf Hitler, 1922-1939. Ed. Norman H. Baynes, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1942)
Byzantium: An Introduction to East Roman Civilization. Ed. Norman H. Baynes and H. St. L. B. Moss. (Oxford: Clarendon, 1948; Oxfore Paperbacks, 1961). A collection of signed articles by authorities; good bibliography.
Constantine the Great and the Christian Church. Norman H Baynes. (1972) Second Edition, with a preface by Henry Chadwick.
References
External links
List of works at openlibrary.org
1877 births
1961 deaths
Academics of University College London
British Byzantinists
Fellows of the British Academy
Scholars of Byzantine history
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995%20Arkansas%20Razorbacks%20football%20team
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1995 Arkansas Razorbacks football team
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The 1995 Arkansas Razorbacks football team represented the University of Arkansas during the 1995 NCAA Division I-A football season.
The 1995 season was a season of firsts for Arkansas. It saw the Razorbacks beat Alabama, Memphis St, Auburn, and Mississippi St for the first time in school history, as well as winning a game played in the Liberty Bowl in Memphis, Tennessee (vs Ole Miss). 1995 was also the first time that Arkansas won the SEC West Division championship.
Sophomore running back Madre Hill broke the Arkansas single season rushing yards record (1,387), and the single game rushing touchdown record (6 vs South Carolina). Hill was named 1st team All-SEC, along with senior defensive end Steven Conley, who tied the Arkansas single season sacks record (14). Senior QB Barry Lunney Jr. ended his career as Arkansas' career leader in pass attempts, pass completions, and passing yards. All of his records have since been broken by various Arkansas quarterbacks. Lunney also started 40 career games for the Hogs.
Schedule
Roster
References
Arkansas
Arkansas Razorbacks football seasons
Arkansas Razorbacks football
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%20Nigerian%20Senate%20elections%20in%20Ebonyi%20State
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2019 Nigerian Senate elections in Ebonyi State
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The 2019 Nigerian Senate election in Ebonyi State was held on February 23, 2019, to elect members of the Nigerian Senate to represent Ebonyi State. Michael Ama Nnachi representing Ebonyi South, Obinna Ogba representing Ebonyi Central and Sam Egwu representing Ebonyi North all won on the platform of Peoples Democratic Party.
Overview
Summary
Results
Ebonyi South
A total of 9 candidates registered with the Independent National Electoral Commission to contest in the election. PDP candidate Michael Ama-Nnachi won the election, defeating APC candidate, Prince Nwaeze Onu and 7 other party candidates. Ama-Nnachi scored 103,751 votes, while APC candidate Onu scored 19,663 votes.
Ebonyi Central
A total of 14 candidates registered with the Independent National Electoral Commission to contest in the election. PDP candidate, Joseph Ogba won the election, defeating APC candidate Julius Ucha and 12 other party candidates. Ogba pulled 62,452 votes, while APC candidate Ucha scored 46,672.
Eboni North
A total of 11 candidates registered with the Independent National Electoral Commission to contest in the election. PDP candidate Sam Egwu won the election, defeating APC candidate Mathias Adum. Egwu pulled 80,711 votes while his closest rival Adum pulled 38,734.
References
Ebonyi State senatorial elections
2019 Ebonyi State elections
Ebonyi State Senate elections
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002%20in%20British%20television
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2002 in British television
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This is a list of British television related events from 2002.
Events
January
1 January –
Provisional viewing figures released by the Broadcasters' Audience Research Board indicate that on average, BBC One had more viewers than ITV through 2001. This is the first time this has happened.
New Year's Day highlights on BBC One include the films Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, Small Soldiers, Shakespeare in Love and 'Til There Was You.
4 January – It is reported that three Coronation Street actors—Stephen Beckett (Dr Matt Ramsden), Clare McGlinn (Charlie Ramsden) and Naomi Russell (Bobbi Lewis)—are to leave the series in the spring.
7 January –
The Independent Television Commission rejects 129 viewer complaints about W H Smith's Fat Geordies Christmas advertising campaign, saying the humour was acceptable and would not have caused widespread offence, but the watchdog does express its concerns about the stereotyping of overweight people, suggesting this could be harmful.
Sky News content becomes available on terrestrial television for the first time in a decade as Channel 5 begins simulcasting part of the breakfast news programme Sunrise with Sky's news channel.
8 January – EastEnders character Angie Watts is set to be killed off-screen from cirrhosis of the liver due to alcoholism. The character was last seen in May 1988, and her death would air in April 2002.
11 January – Coronation Street bosses confirm that Jacqueline Chadwyck (who plays Linda Sykes) has left the series, and will not return to film any exit scenes. It is also confirmed that comedian Roy Hudd will join the soap to play a lighthearted character—an undertaker named Archie Shuttleworth.
20 January – Bloody Sunday, a television drama based on the events of the controversial Bloody Sunday incident in Northern Ireland in 1972 airs on ITV. The film, and Channel 4's Sunday (aired eight days later and dealing with the same topic) attract several complaints to the Independent Television Commission that it was impartial because of an ongoing inquiry into the incident. But the Commission rules in April that neither film was biased.
22 January – UTV2 closes and is replaced by ITV2.
23 January – At a meeting of the Scottish Affairs Committee in Westminster, BBC governor Sir Robert Smith tells the committee that the possibility of a Six O'Clock News bulletin for Scotland will be considered again following next year's Scottish Parliament election.
24 January – Hear'Say, the band formed by ITV's Popstars, confirm that Kym Marsh has left the group, but say they intend to continue. The following day auditions are announced for a new band member to replace Marsh.
27 January – Sid Owen and Patsy Palmer are reprising their EastEnders roles as Ricky Butcher and Bianca Jackson after filming a one-off special that will air later in the year.
28 January – Beginning of a week of EastEnders episodes set in Spain, which see the return of the character Sam Mitchell. Sam's return sees actress Kim Medcalf make her television acting debut, having taken over the role from Danniella Westbrook after the part was recast. Medcalf went on to play Sam until 2005, when the character was written out of the series in a storyline that saw her fleeing to Brazil after becoming a murder suspect. Westbrook then briefly returned to the role of Sam in 2009.
29 January – The Sun reports that Cat Deeley will leave SM:TV in March after being offered other projects. ITV subsequently confirms her departure from the programme.
30 January – Channel 4's controversial Brass Eye spoof documentary on paedophiles is among the winners at the annual Broadcast Magazine Awards held in London, picking up a comedy award despite causing controversy when it was aired in 2001.
31 January –
The BBC children's series Teletubbies has been sold to China, where it will be aired on the state owned channel CCTV1.
The last titled episode of The Bill, Set in Stone, is aired. This was followed by a six-part untitled story after which the series switched to a serial format.
February
1 February – It is reported that The Saturday Show presenter Dani Behr has been reprimanded by her BBC bosses after giving a sexually explicit interview to lads' magazine Maxim.
3 February – 3,000 hopefuls travel to London to attend auditions to replace Kym Marsh in Hear'Say. Johnny Shentall is introduced as the band's new member two days later. Fans and the media later dismiss the process as a stunt because Shentall is a former member of the pop group Boom!, accusations that prompt Hear'Say to issue a statement denying it was fixed.
7 February – BBC Director-General Greg Dyke launches his "cut the crap, make it happen" initiative, designed to cut red tape and inertia at the corporation.
8–22 February – The BBC provides coverage of the 2002 Winter Olympic Games.
9 February –
Following the announcement of the death of Princess Margaret, the younger sister of Elizabeth II, some radio and television schedules are changed to make room for tribute programmes.
Will Young wins the first series of Pop Idol.
11 February –
Two new BBC children's channels, CBeebies (aimed at children under 6) and CBBC (aimed at children aged 6–12) launch.
ITV Digital launches a test card based on the BBC's Test Card F to be aired when its channels are off air. The card features the characters Al and Monkey playing a game of noughts and crosses.
12 February – Figures released by ITV Digital indicate that one in four of its subscribers are cancelling their subscription, a figure the company hopes will begin to improve.
14 February – In EastEnders, one of the soap's longest running characters, Dot Cotton (played by June Brown) marries Jim Branning (John Bardon) in a Saint Valentine's Day ceremony.
16 February – F1 Digital+ launches on Sky Digital.
18 February – The BBC loses the rights to air The Simpsons, being outbid by Channel 4. However, the broadcasting rights are held until 2006, eventually ending in May 2004.
21 February – Channel 5 has secured the rights to show the UK television premiere of Steven Spielberg's World War II epic Saving Private Ryan after signing a deal with Paramount Pictures, it is reported. The deal also includes the rights to several other films, including Fatal Attraction, The General's Daughter and An Officer and a Gentleman.
22 February – Sarah Baxendale makes her debut as the Hollyoaks character Ellie Hunter.
25 February – Release date of Will Young's debut single, the double-A side CD "Evergreen"/"Anything is Possible". With advanced sales of more than a million, the single is set to debut at number one in the UK Singles Chart, and make chart history as the UK's biggest selling debut single.
27 February – BBC One airs The Boy Can't Help It, a follow up documentary to the 1989 Q.E.D. programme, John's Not Mad, which deals with sufferers of Tourette syndrome.
28 February –
The Bill switches to serial format.
March
1 March – Martin Kemp makes his last appearance as Steve Owen in EastEnders, when he was killed off in a fireball car explosion.
2 March – BBC Knowledge ceases transmission in the early hours (the first BBC channel to permanently close) with BBC Four launching to replace it at 7.00 pm. The opening night is simulcast on BBC Two.
3 March –
Will Young's debut single tops the charts, having accrued calculated sales of 1,108,269. It remains at the number one position for three weeks, before being replaced on 24 March by Pop Idol runner-up Gareth Gates, with a version of "Unchained Melody".
The acclaimed US spy drama 24, starring Kiefer Sutherland as agent Jack Bauer makes its British television debut on BBC Two.
11 March – Somerville College, Oxford wins the 2001–02 series of University Challenge, beating Imperial College London 200–185.
12 March – A report conducted for the Independent Television Commission and Broadcasting Standards Commission indicates that for the first time at least half of television viewers have access to multi channel television, i.e., channels other than the main five terrestrial channels.
13 March – A report by the Independent Television Commission indicates that viewer dissatisfaction with the quality of television stood at 64% in 2001, an 18% rise on the previous year. However, the authors of the report attribute the dramatic increase to the time at which their survey was conducted, shortly after the controversial Channel 4 spoof Brass Eye was aired.
15 March – Former Coronation Street actress Jane Danson will join ITV's The Bill as the series first lesbian police officer, it is reported. Her character, Gemma Osbourne, will be seen on screen in the summer.
19 March – The Office of Communications Act 2002 receives Royal Assent enabling the establishment of Ofcom.
21 March – Theo Paphitis and Neil Doncaster, the respective chairmen of Millwall and Norwich City football clubs, warn of serious financial consequences for their teams if ITV are allowed to renegotiate the £315 million agreement they signed to screen Football League matches.
26 March – BBC One announces that the current hot-air balloon idents. are to be axed and be replaced by a new set Rhythm & Movement idents on 29 March 2002.
27 March – ITV Digital is placed into administration after failing to reach an agreement with the Football League over the £315 million three-year deal to air league matches. The company still owes £180 million, which it says it cannot pay after its revenue was not as good as forecasts had predicted. Services will continue while negotiations to resolve the issue continue.
28 March – ITV announces the removal of Night and Day from its weekday teatime slot from 11 April, although late night episodes will continue to air on Thursdays, as well as a Sunday omnibus on ITV2. This is in response to the series attracting a relatively low audience of 1.5 million.
29 March –
At 2.10 am (in Northern Ireland at 2.50 am), the last Balloon ident is shown on BBC One, and with it, the last time the globe is used as the channel's symbol (having been used since 1963). Its replacement, the 'Rhythm & Movement' idents, premiere at 9 am.
Channel 4's The Big Breakfast ends after ten years on air.
30 March –
The death of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother is announced at 5.49 pm. Most broadcasters abandon regular programming and begin airing tributes to her. Some rescheduling also happens on 31 March, before largely returning to normal on 1 April.
March – Mark Thompson succeeds Michael Jackson as Chief Executive of Channel 4.
April
1 April – Naomi Russell, who leaves her role as Coronation Street character Bobbi Lewis this month, is to have a starring role in Sky One's new airline based drama Mile High, it is reported.
2 April – More than 1,500 viewers have complained to the BBC about its coverage of the Queen Mother's death, it is reported, with the majority of complaints concerning the rescheduling of favourite programmes and the belief that too much airtime was devoted to events surrounding the death. Peter Sissons is criticised by some newspapers, including the Daily Mail for not wearing a black tie to report the death, and by some viewers for what is perceived to have been an insensitive interview with the Queen Mother's niece, The Hon. Margaret Rhodes.
3 April – GMTV presenter Eamonn Holmes signs a three-year contract to stay with the broadcaster until 2005.
6 April – ITV record a record low audience share of 3% for football programme The Goal Rush during the broadcast of the 2002 Grand National on BBC One.
Cat Deeley presents her final edition of SMTV Live, after 3 years.
9 April –
Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother's funeral is held at Westminster Abbey and aired on all major television channels. The event makes UK television history as the country's largest ever outside broadcast, while proceedings are watched by an average 10 million viewers. Provisional viewing figures released the following day suggest BBC audiences peaked at 7.1 million, and ITV at 3.3 million. The BBC coverage is presented by David Dimbleby and ITV's by Sir Trevor McDonald.
Emmerdale confirm the axing of their Soapstars family. Ruth Abram leaves the series immediately, with the other four actors appearing on screen until the summer.
10 April –
Producers of The Experiment are forced to re-edit parts of the programme ahead of its debut after some participants complain about the way they are shown in the series.
BBC Four airs Ian Curteis's The Falklands Play, in which Patricia Hodge plays the role of Margaret Thatcher during the Falklands War. The play was originally written in 1986, but shelved by the BBC because of an upcoming general election, and the play's perceived pro-Thatcher stance. The play has separate radio and television versions (airing on Radio 4 on 6 April), and gives BBC Four an audience of 174,000, the channel's highest audience since its launch.
12 April - Tamzin Outhwaite leaves EastEnders as Mel Owen.
17 April – The first Helen Rollason Cancer Care Centre, named for the sports presenter Helen Rollason, who died of cancer in 1999, is opened in Chelmsford, Essex.
18 April – An episode of The Bill in which six characters are killed off in a petrol bomb attack is watched by 8.6 million viewers, giving the show its largest audience of the year so far.
20 April – Final edition of The Generation Game to be presented by Jim Davidson.
21 April – Blackadder: Back & Forth makes its terrestrial television debut on BBC One, the programme having been scheduled to air on 31 March, but postponed because of ongoing coverage of the death of the Queen Mother.
22 April –
Liquid News presenter Christopher Price is found dead at his London home. An inquest later returns a verdict of death by natural causes after hearing he died of heart failure caused by meningoencephalitis, a rare brain infection similar to meningitis.
The pay-per-view movie channel ITV Select closes. The channel, a joint venture between ITV Digital and SDN, is taken off air after ITV Digital's administrators withdrew its funding.
25 April – ITV Digital is officially put up for sale by administrators Deloitte & Touche, but the company must be sold in the next few days to avoid liquidation because owners Carlton and Granada have not put forward any extra money to keep it afloat.
26 April – Making her first appearance as a panellist on an edition of Have I Got News for You at the age of 16, singer Charlotte Church becomes the youngest person to appear on the show.
27 April – Stewart Duff wins the fourteenth series of Stars in Their Eyes, performing as Elvis Presley.
29 April – Launch of RI:SE, scheduled as a replacement for The Big Breakfast.
30 April – The 900 workers at ITV Digital's Pembrokeshire call centre are told they are likely to be made redundant as the firm's troubles continue.
May
1 May – ITV Digital's Pay-TV operations cease at 7.00am after administrators Deloitte & Touche decided to close the company, having failed to find a buyer for it. The ITV Sport Channel is re-designated as a free-to-air channel, enabling viewers to watch the final matches of the football season. The Independent Television Commission launches a fast track process to find a replacement provider for digital terrestrial television in the UK.
11 May –
The ITV Sport Channel closes following the expiry of its Football League rights. Other sports shown on the channel will be aired by ITV2.
The Vault makes it debut on ITV1, hosted by Davina McCall.
13–20 May – BBC One airs Ricky & Bianca, a two-part EastEnders spin-off leading up to the return of Ricky Butcher as a regular character.
14 May – The Experiment debuts on BBC One.
16 May – A UK version of The Chair, a US game show hosted by former tennis player John McEnroe in which contestants must control their heart rate while answering questions, will be produced for BBC One, it is reported. McEnroe will also present the UK programme, which will air in the autumn.
20 May – Challenge TV is rebranded as Challenge.
21 May –
The Independent Television Commission grants a two-week extension to applicants planning to bid to run a digital service to replace ITV Digital. The delay is to allow the companies to develop their technical proposals, and means applications must be submitted by 13 June.
More than 100 viewers have complained to the BBC about an episode of BBC One's new spy drama Spooks aired the previous evening, which depicted an MI5 agent having her head pushed into a deep fat fryer before being shot.
20th Century Fox Television are to remake ITV's 1970s based comedy The Grimleys for the US market, The Guardian reports. The series, scheduled for broadcast later in the year, will be set in the present and renamed The Grubbs.
22 May – Channel 5 announces it has axed the weekly Pepsi Chart show after it lost two-thirds of its viewers, with the last edition scheduled to air on 25 June.
25 May – Latvia's Marie N wins the 2002 Eurovision Song Contest with "I Wanna".
26 May – The Osbournes, a US reality television series about heavy metal singer Ozzy Osbourne and his family, makes its British television debut on MTV, giving the channel a record audience of 500,000.
29 May – Jonny Gibb, a Detective Constable from Edinburgh, Scotland wins the second UK series of Survivor and the show's £1million prize money.
30 May – The Broadcasting Standards Commission rules that scenes showing domestic abuse in episodes of EastEnders that aired over the Christmas 2001 holiday were inappropriate for a pre-watershed audience. The scenes, in which Trevor Morgan attacked his wife, Little Mo went too far when families would have been watching the programme.
31 May–30 June – The BBC and ITV air live coverage of the 2002 FIFA World Cup.
June
3 June – The Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II. During Golden Jubilee Weekend, BBC One airs the Party at the Palace, while BBC Parliament reruns footage of the Queen's Coronation from 1953.
6 June –
BBC Two begins showing The Hunt for Britain's Paedophiles, a three part documentary series following investigations by Scotland Yard's specialist Paedophile Unit. The programme proves to be controversial, even before going on air, as it is reported that after spending two years shadowing investigators, many members of the production team required counselling to deal with their exposure to the things witnessed by the unit's detectives. Executive producer Bob Long defends the programme, saying he hopes it will lead to better policing of the crime. The series concludes on 20 June.
An advert for Microsoft's Xbox console featuring a newborn boy who flies through the air while rapidly aging, before falling into his grave, is banned from being shown again by the Independent Television Commission after complaints were received from 135 viewers who found the commercial to be "offensive, shocking and in bad taste".
10 June – ITV introduces a second Monday episode of Coronation Street. It is broadcast at 8.30pm to usher in the return of Bet Lynch. The episode also used intermittently during the popular Richard Hillman story line but becomes fully scheduled from Monday 25 August 2003.
13 June –
BBC One airs Episode 4000 of Neighbours.
Variety magazine reports that Channel 4 has won the British terrestrial television rights to The Osbournes, paying £100,000 per episode.
14 June – The BBC, ITV and Channel 4 are among the six applicants who have submitted proposals for a licence to run a digital terrestrial television service. Three licences will be awarded, a process expected to happen in July.
17 June – ITV recommissions Crossroads for another year, despite falling audience figures. Yvon Grace is also hired as its executive producer, and announces plans to make it a "must see daytime show".
19 June –
BBC One airs Tomorrow's World: the Science of Spider-Man, a special edition of Tomorrow's World that looks at the scientific facts behind the Spider-Man film.
As England prepare to take on Brazil in the World Cup, BBC One makes an eleventh hour decision to replace the scheduled film, Falling Down with a repeat of the England v Brazil match from the 1970 World Cup.
23 June – Sky One airs the Star Trek-themed episode of Futurama, featuring guest stars from the main cast of the original series with its special appearance by The Next Generations Jonathan Frakes.
25 June – ITV has told the newspapers that Peak Practice is axed after nine years.
29 June – EastEnders actress Kim Medcalf is injured in a motoring accident while on holiday in France, suffering a broken hand, leg and breastbone. She is airlifted back to the UK a few days later, and discharged from hospital on 9 July.
July
1 July – The EastEnders character Mark Fowler (played by Todd Carty) has been axed after 12 years, it is announced. The character, who was involved in one of the soap's most controversial storylines after contracting HIV from a former lover, will leave the series in 2003.
2 July – Broadcast of an episode of Channel 4 soap Hollyoaks that sets a new world record for the longest on screen kiss. At three minutes fifteen seconds, the kiss, featuring actors Sarah Baxendale (who plays Ellie Hunter) and Marcus Patric (Ben Davies) surpasses the previous record of three minutes five seconds held since 1941 by Regis Toomey and Jane Wyman in the film You're in the Army Now.
3 July –
David Liddiment announces he will step down as ITV's head of programming. His decision comes after the network's viewership dropped below that of the BBC, and following the collapse of ITV Digital.
4 July – A joint venture between the BBC and media firm Crown Castle is awarded the licences for a digital terrestrial television service to replace ITV Digital. The free-to-air service will include 24 channels from the BBC and commercial television, including three from Sky.
6 July –
Lock Keepers Cottage in Bow, East London, used as studios for The Big Breakfast is to be sold as a private house for £1,000,000 it is reported.
Home on Their Own debuts on ITV presented by Ulrika Jonsson.
7 July –
Disc jockey Chris Evans has signed a deal with Channel 5 to produce a five-nights-a-week chat show that will air for 13 weeks from September.
London's Burning returns to ITV for its fourteenth series with a new set of opening and closing credits.
11 July – BBC One airs a special edition of Parkinson in which Michael Parkinson travels to South Africa to talk with their former President Nelson Mandela.
12 July –
Dani Behr and Joe Mace are dropped from The Saturday Show as the programme struggles to compete with its ITV rival SMTV Live. They will present their last editions of the show in September.
After reprising his EastEnders role as Ricky Butcher for a one-off special earlier in the year, Sid Owen is to make a permanent return to the soap, it is confirmed.
13 July –
BBC One airs the first Sport Relief telethon, the event raising money for charity.
Channel 5 airs The Great Dome Robbery, Gabriel Range's film about the 2000 Millennium Dome raid, starring Craig Fairbrass.
22 July – Channel 4 is criticised by the Independent Television Commission after explicit content in Brookside was aired before the watershed. The scenes involved the characters Max and Jacqui Farnham, who became embroiled in a passionate embrace after Jacqui was taken to hospital following a car crash.
23 July – BBC Two airs a special "then and now" edition of TOTP2 in which present day performances of hits by artists and groups such as Robert Plant, Neil Diamond and A-ha are compared with archive performances.
25 July – BBC airs its final episode of the children's preschool programme the Tweenies.
25 July–4 August – The BBC broadcasts live coverage of the 2002 Commonwealth Games.
26 July – Kate Lawler wins series three of Big Brother, becoming the show's first female winner.
28 July – Fearne Cotton and Simon Grant will succeed Dani Behr and Joe Mace as presenters of BBC One's The Saturday Show from September, it is announced. The programme will also be revamped to include a Top of the Pops spin-off in an attempt to compete with ITV's CD:UK.
31 July – The BBC is censured by the Broadcasting Standards Commission for failing to sufficiently warn viewers about the level of violence in an episode of Spooks depicting the murder of an MI5 agent. However, the watchdog does not criticise the nature of the scene itself, describing it as "shocking but...acceptable and important [in the context of] the [episode's] later narrative".
August
1 August – Channel 5 announces a deal with Columbia TriStar allowing it to show blockbuster films such as Spider-Man, Panic Room, Stuart Little 2, Kermit's Swamp Years and Men in Black II. The channel will also screen the controversial American police drama series The Shield.
6 August – Veteran sports presenter Bob Wilson announces he will retire at the end of the month after three decades in broadcasting.
12 August – Channel 4 airs the documentary Sex: The Annabel Chong Story.
13 August – BBC Two airs a special edition of TOTP2 dedicated to reggae as part of the BBC's Jamaica 40 season.
18 August – Props from EastEnders are among items on display at an exhibition celebrating film-making at Borehamwood, Herts.
19 August – The BBC and Crown Castle announce their new digital terrestrial television service will be named Freeview and be on air in the autumn.
21 August – The BBC publishes a list of the top 100 greatest Britons as voted for by a poll in 2001. The list comes ahead of a series scheduled for later in the year in which the top ten will be revealed in a series of one hour films presented by the likes of Jeremy Clarkson, Rosie Boycott and Andrew Marr who will argue the case for each of those on the list, with the public given a chance to vote for who they believe to be the greatest Briton. A final will then be presented by Anne Robinson in which the greatest Briton will be revealed. The top 100 includes names such as Boudicca, Winston Churchill, Bono, Richard III, J. K. Rowling, David Beckham and Cliff Richard.
23 August – Channel 5 announces plans to rebrand itself as Five.
25 August –
BBC One airs a special edition of its garden makeover series Ground Force in which Alan Titchmarsh, Charlie Dimmock and Tommy Walsh transform a public space in New York into a memorial garden to mark the first anniversary of the September 11 attacks.
The first series of I'm a Celebrity... Get Me out of Here! begins on ITV.
30 August – ITV soap Crossroads airs for the last time this year before taking a short break. The show is to be revamped due to low viewing figures.
31 August – The first episode of the BBC children's television series Dick and Dom in Da Bungalow is broadcast presented by Richard McCourt and Dominic Wood. The show is broadcast on Saturday mornings and in later series airing a Sunday edition before being axed in 2006.
September
1 September – Smile premieres on BBC Two, presented by Devin Griffin, Fearne Cotton and Reggie Yates.
2 September – Balamory debuts on CBeebies.
4 September – A two-day auction of ITV Digital assets begins at the company's headquarters to help pay off its debts. Among the 3,500 items up for sale are desks, televisions and video equipment, ITV Digital mugs and Monkey mascots.
7 September –
Play Your Cards Right returns to ITV for a new series after a three-year break.
Popstars: The Rivals debuts on ITV. The show will create two rival groups (one male and one female) who will compete against each other for the Christmas Number One spot on the UK Singles Chart.
8 September –
BBC One celebrates the 21st anniversary of its sitcom, Only Fools and Horses, by repeating the first episode originally aired in 1981.
Tony Blackburn is voted winner of the first series of I'm a Celebrity... Get Me out of Here!
9 September –
BBC One launches Inside Out, a regionally based television series in England. The series focuses on stories from the local area of each BBC region and replaces a number of different titles previously used on BBC Two.
ITV airs A Is for Acid, a drama starring Martin Clunes as 1940s acid bath killer John George Haigh.
10 September –
ITV airs the four Star Wars films with the 1997 special edition versions of the original trilogy including A New Hope, followed by The Empire Strikes Back (8 October), Return of the Jedi (5 November), and the first showing of The Phantom Menace (3 December) during the four-month period on Tuesday evenings.
Channel 5 airs the UK television premiere of the Steven Spielberg film Saving Private Ryan. Overnight viewing figures indicate it to have had an audience of 2.7 million. The film, which includes graphic scenes depicting the Normandy landings, is aired uncut, and in an unusual move for mainstream UK television, it is shown again a few days later on 15 September.
11 September – BBC News 24, ITN News Channel and Sky News provide in-depth coverage of the first anniversary of the September 11 attacks as commemorative events are held around the world. Coverage of the memorial services and events are also shown live on BBC One.
13 September –
Channel 5 has recommissioned its soap Family Affairs for a further year, The Guardian reports. The soap had been facing the axe, but was partially saved by an increase in ratings provided by Australian soap Home and Away, which airs in the schedule immediately before it.
Top of the Pops airs its 2,000th edition.
14 September – Joe Mace and Dani Behr present their final edition of The Saturday Show.
16 September – Channel 5 rebrands itself to Five, and drops its digital on-screen graphic.
21 September – Simon Grant and Fearne Cotton present their first The Saturday Show, succeeding Joe Mace and Dani Behr.
23 September – Live with Chris Moyles makes its debut on Five. The nightly show is presented by Moyles from a London bar. The series attracts an audience of between 400,000 and 700,000 in its 7.00 pm slot, and is recommissioned for a second run in October. However, Moyles is replaced as presenter by Christian O'Connell when the programme returns in February 2003, and it is subsequently axed in June 2003 following declining ratings.
24 September – Five announces plans to axe Open House with Gloria Hunniford as part of a revamp of its daytime schedule, despite the programme achieving a regular audience of 900,000, and relatively strong ratings for the channel.
26 September – Sky1 airs "The Truth", the season nine finale of The X-Files and the last episode in the series' original run. On terrestrial television it is aired by BBC Two on 23 March 2003.
27 September – Castaway Television Productions Ltd, a company co-owned by Bob Geldof is to take legal action against Granada and London Weekend Television, the makers of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here, claiming the idea for the reality programme was stolen from Castaway's Survivor series. However, the lawsuit is dropped in April 2003 after a similar case in the United States between CBS (makers of Survivor) and ABC (makers of I'm a Celebrity) held that the idea had not been stolen, but was part of a "continual evolutionary process involving borrowing frequently from what has gone before".
29 September – Michael Jackson's Face, a Five documentary about singer Michael Jackson's attempts to alter his appearance, is watched by 3.6 million viewers, giving the channel its highest audience to date (excluding ratings for football and films).
30 September –
The ITN News Channel is relaunched as the ITV News Channel.
Play UK closes due to low ratings following the closure of ITV Digital.
October
1 October – Hear'Say, the band formed by the ITV series Popstars announce they are to split, citing pressure and public abuse as the reasons for their decision.
3 October – The BBC, Crown Castle and BSkyB announce 30 October as the launch date for the new Freeview service. Extra channels have also been added to the lineup.
4 October – Debut of the BBC's Fame Academy, where 12 contestants compete to win a recording contract.
5 October – Charlotte Gethin, performing as Eva Cassidy wins the first series of the junior edition of Stars in Their Eyes.
6 October – BBC Choice's Liquid News is relaunched with a new studio and graphics, and new presenting team Claudia Winkleman and Colin Paterson.
7 October – The BBC announce that Laurence Llewelyn-Bowen will succeed Carol Smillie as presenter of Changing Rooms.
10 October – Channel 4 announces that Brookside will lose its prime time weeknight slot, and will be condensed into a 90-minute weekly episode airing on Saturday afternoons. The changes will take place from 30 November, and spark fears it could be axed when its contract comes up for renewal in 2003.
13 October –
The Independent Television Commission rejects more than 160 viewer complaints that scenes depicting a gay kiss between two police officers on The Bill, which airs at 8.00pm were not appropriate viewing before the watershed.
BBC One airs Mr Trebus: A Life of Grime, a 60-minute programme paying tribute to Edmund Trebus, a compulsive hoarder who became famous after featuring in the first series of A Life of Grime in 1999.
Stanley Kubrick's controversial 1971 film A Clockwork Orange receives its British terrestrial television debut on Channel 4.
16 October – ITV's two largest companies, Carlton and Granada agree the terms of a £2.6bn merger deal.
17 October – BBC News 24 chief political correspondent Nick Robinson is appointed as ITN's political editor, replacing John Sergeant, who retires at the end of the year.
18 October – Staff at a St Helens supermarket start a petition after Channel 4's announcement that Brookside will lose its weeknight episodes from 30 November.
19 October – The top ten greatest Britons is revealed ahead of a BBC Two series to choose the greatest Briton. The top ten is as follows: Isambard Kingdom Brunel, Winston Churchill, Oliver Cromwell, Charles Darwin, Diana, Princess of Wales, Queen Elizabeth I, John Lennon, Horatio Nelson, Isaac Newton, and William Shakespeare.
20 October – BBC Two's motoring series Top Gear is relaunched with a brand new format.
22 October – Former Hear'Say band member Myleene Klass famously breaks down during an appearance on The Frank Skinner Show while recalling how she was verbally abused when she went to buy an ironing board from Argos.
27 October – London Weekend Television (LWT) broadcast their final day for after 34 years. A modern-day recreation of a 1970s-style startup is shown in the early morning, and just after midnight a montage of LWT presentation over the years is broadcast, introduced in-vision by two of LWT's announcers, Trish Bertram and Glen Thompsett.
28 October – In England and Wales, ITV drops regional identification from most programmes and adopts a unified branding of just ITV1. The names for the London (Carlton and LWT), West (HTV West) and Wales (HTV Wales) are dropped altogether, and replaced with ITV1 London, ITV1 West of England and ITV1 Wales respectively, though the names continue to appear elsewhere.
30 October –
Formal broadcasting of ITV Digital's replacement Freeview begins at 6.00am.
With the launch of Freeview, BBC Parliament becomes available in vision for the first time to Digital Terrestrial Television viewers. Due to capacity limitations on the DTT platform, from its launch until today the channel had only been available in audio format.
This Morning presenter John Leslie is sacked by Granada Television following a series of allegations about his personal life. Although he was subsequently cleared his television career never recovered.
Have I Got News For You presenter Angus Deayton is sacked after allegations regarding his personal life appeared in the media. Since Deayton's departure, the show has been hosted by a different guest presenter each week.
The free-to-air music video channel The Hits goes on air. UK History is also launched on the same day.
31 October –
Launch of TMF UK, a free-to-air music video channel and part of the Music Factory brand.
The Independent Television Commission rules that a frank discussion about sex that aired on This Morning in May was inappropriate for a daytime show on a mainstream channel.
November
1 November –
20th anniversary of S4C.
The first episode of Have I Got News for You after the departure of Angus Deayton is hosted by Paul Merton, who is described by BBC News as having been "merciless" in his treatment of his former co-star. Guest presenters in subsequent weeks include: Anne Robinson, John Sergeant, future Prime Minister Boris Johnson, Liza Tarbuck, Charles Kennedy and Jeremy Clarkson.
2 November – 20th anniversary of Channel 4.
8 November – Lock Keeper's Cottage, the building in East London used for the Big Breakfast house is destroyed by fire.
14 November – Harry Hill's TV Burp begins on ITV1 with ITV2 showing repeats afterwards.
15 November – South African Nathan Roberts, and Camilla Priest from Sunderland are named as the winners of the second and final series of Channel 4's Model Behaviour. They each win a year's contract with Select Model Management.
20 November –
The government publishes the Communications Bill, which will introduce new media regulations and establish Ofcom as the new media watchdog, replacing several existing bodies.
The controversial German anatomist Gunther von Hagens performs the first public autopsy in the UK for 170 years, to a sell-out audience of 500 people in a London theatre. The event is filmed and broadcast on Channel 4, prompting a raft of complaints from viewers.
21 November – Shane Richie makes his first appearance as Alfie Moon on the BBC television soap opera EastEnders.
23 November – Penultimate edition of the Popstars: The Rivals contest in which Matt Johnson, Anton Gordon, Daniel Pearce, Jamie Shaw and Keith Semple are chosen as the members of the male group, which will be named One True Voice.
24 November –
Sir Winston Churchill is voted the Greatest Briton of all time by viewers of BBC Two's 100 Greatest Britons.
ITV broadcasts the first episode of a three part version of the 1957 novel Doctor Zhivago. Adapted by Andrew Davies, it stars Hans Matheson as Zhivago and Keira Knightley as Lara.
27 November – ITV have warned Granada that London's Burning will be dropped from the schedule if the series does not develop new ideas to reverse falling ratings, it is reported.
29 November – Former Take That singer Mark Owen wins the second series of Celebrity Big Brother.
30 November – Final of Popstars: The Rivals. Sarah Harding, Cheryl Tweedy, Nicola Roberts, Nadine Coyle and Kimberley Walsh are chosen as the female group members, which will be named Girls Aloud.
December
1 December – The Sunday Telegraph reports that Buckingham Palace has taken the rare step of writing a letter of complaint to the BBC about an item on the previous Sunday's On the Record discussing the future of the monarchy, which it says was biased and inaccurate.
2 December – Claims that a technical glitch left viewers unable to vote for a contestant on the final of Popstars: The Rivals are rejected by the programme. Several people who voted for Javine Hylton have claimed their votes were either not registered or that they heard a recording telling them they had voted for Sarah Harding. Hylton was the last contestant eliminated before the members of Girls Aloud were announced.
7 December – Gareth Gates's interpretation of "Unchained Melody" is voted the 2002 Record of the Year by ITV viewers.
8 December – Athlete Paula Radcliffe is named as this year's BBC Sports Personality of the Year.
10 December –
Prime Minister's wife Cherie Blair appears on television to make a public apology over dealings she had with convicted fraudster Peter Foster.
BBC Two airs a special edition of TOTP2 featuring Celine Dion.
13 December – David Sneddon wins the first series of Fame Academy.
15 December – On the Record, the BBC's flagship political programme, finishes after 14 years on air.
18 December – The joint NTL/Vivendi film channel The Studio announces it will close at the end of the year after its owners decide it is not financially viable.
22 December –
Debut of the controversial BBC One documentary The Virgin Mary, which questions many of the central aspects of the Nativity. The programme is condemned by groups associated with the Catholic Church and attracts 500 complaints from viewers, the highest number of complaints for a single programme in 2002. The programme is seen by an audience of just over three million. Crispian Hollis, the Roman Catholic Bishop of Portsmouth accuses the programme's makers of misrepresenting the Virgin Mary and says he will write to BBC Director-General Greg Dyke to complain about its broadcast.
A special edition of Popstars: The Rivals in which it is announced that "Sound of the Underground" recorded by Girls Aloud has reached Number one on the Singles Chart, thereby becoming the Christmas Number One. One True Voice's double A-side single, "Sacred Trust"/"After You're Gone" enters the charts at Number Two.
25 December –
The animated film Chicken Run airs on BBC One as part of the channel's Christmas Day schedule.
Strangers on the Shore, a Christmas special and the penultimate episode of Only Fools and Horses, is the highest rated show of the year in the UK, with an audience of 17.40 million.
Jack Ryder makes his last appearance as the EastEnders character Jamie Mitchell, he is killed off in a tragic storyline.
30 December – To celebrate the 30th anniversary of Mastermind, its former presenter, Magnus Magnusson returns to the role of quizmaster for a one-off special celebrity edition of the programme.
31 December – BBC One airs the final edition of Vets in Practice, a special in which the show's participants discuss their time with the series.
Debuts
BBC One
4 January - Captain Abercromby (2002-2003)
8 January –
The Story of Tracy Beaker (2002–2005)
Jeopardy (2002–2004)
13 January – Stig of the Dump (2002)
17 February – Outside the Rules (2002)
3 March – Rescue Me (2002)
8 March – All About Me (2002–2004)
13 March –
Rockface (2002–2003)
Snoddy (2002)
4 April –Ted and Alice (2002)
16 April – Cutting It (2002–2005)
21 April – Born and Bred (2002–2005)
13 May – Spooks (2002–2011)
14 May – The Experiment (2002)
20 June – Being April (2002)
2 July – The Eustace Bros. (2002–2003)
2 August – The House That Jack Built (2002)
8 August – Any Time Now (2002)
10 August – Ella and the Mothers (2002)
31 August –Cavegirl (2002–2003)
1 September – Sparkhouse (2002)
6 September –
Celeb (2002)
Still Game (2002–2019)
15 September – Out of Control (2002)
24 September – River City (2002–Present)
25 September – Flesh and Blood (2002)
2 October – High Hopes (2002–2008)
4 October – Fame Academy (2002–2003)
22 October – Wild West (2002–2004)
23 November – Daniel Deronda (2002)
1 December – Jeffrey Archer: The Truth (2002)
8 December – Bootleg (2002)
26 December – The Hound of the Baskervilles (2002)
BBC Two
19 February – Manchild (2002)
3 March – 24 (2001–2010, 2014)
15 March – Dead Ringers (2002–2007)
27 May – Flog It! (2002–2020)
2 September –
Teletubbies Everywhere the sequel of Teletubbies (2002)
Balamory (2002-2005)
23 September – Fimbles (2002–2004)
9 October – Tipping the Velvet (2002)
10 October – Look Around You (2002–2005)
20 October – Great Britons (2002)
11 November – TLC (2002)
16 December – Raven (2002–2010)
BBC Choice
4 March – Breeze Block (2002)
4 July – Having It Off (2002)
7 November – 15 Storeys High (2002–2004)
CBBC Channel
23 February – Yvon of the Yukon (2002–2005)
24 February – UK Top 40 (2002–2005)
31 August – Dick and Dom in da Bungalow (2002–2006)
ITV (Including ITV1 and ITV2)
5 January – Mr. Bean (2002–2004, 2015–present)
7 January –
Don't Eat the Neighbours (2001–2002)
Ripley and Scuff (2002–2003)
8 January – Footballers' Wives (2002–2006)
3 February – Blood Strangers (2002)
11 February - Sir Gadabout: The Worst Knight in the Land (2002-2003)
17 February – The Jury (2002)
1 April - The Quest (2002)
7 April – The Forsyte Saga (2002–2003)
8 April – The Cry (2002)
16 April – I Saw You (2002)
6 May – Helen West (2002)
11 May – The Vault (2002–2004)
27 May – Plain Jane (2002)
3 June – Lads' Army (2002–2006)
8 June – Ant & Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway (2002–2009, 2013–present)
9 July – Shipman (2002)
10 June – Bertie and Elizabeth (2002)
14 July – Believe Nothing (2002)
25 August – I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here! (2002–present)
2 September - As Told by Ginger
4 September – Engie Benjy (2002–2005)
9 September –
A Is for Acid (2002)
16 September – Ultimate Force (2002–2006)
29 September – Rose and Maloney (2002–2005)
13 October – Sirens (2002)
27 October – Foyle's War (2002–2015)
28 October – The Safe House (2002)
4 November – Stan the Man (2002)
7 November – Russian Roulette (2002–2003)
14 November –
Wire in the Blood (2002–2008)
Harry Hill's TV Burp (2002–2012)
24 November – Doctor Zhivago (2002)
26 December – Goodbye Mr Chips (2002)
Channel 4
2 January – Shackleton (2002)
7 February – The Estate Agents (2002)
31 March - Totally Spies! (2001-2008)
12 April – The Book Group (2002–2003)
29 April – RI:SE (2002–2003)
10 June – Six Feet Under (2001–2005)
17 September – White Teeth (2002)
14 October – Bodily Harm (2002)
12 November – Offenders (2002)
28 December – Dinotopia (2002)
Channel 5/Five
5 August – BrainTeaser (2002–2007)
12 September – Menace (2002)
2 November – Beyblade (2001-2003)
Living TV
25 May – Most Haunted (2002–2010)
Sky One
17 January – Scrubs (2001–2008)
23 January – Alias (2001-2006)
26 May – Is Harry on the Boat? (2002–2003)
Cartoon Network UK
7 January – Spaced Out (2001–2003)
11 February – Cubix: Robots for Everyone (2001–2004)
8 June – Beyblade (2001)
2 September – Time Squad (2001–2003)
5 October – Grim & Evil (2001–2002)
Nickelodeon UK
7 January – The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius (2002–2011)
12 January – Invader ZIM (12 January 2002-19 August 2006)
12 January – Yu-Gi-Oh! (2001-2006)
2 September – The Nick Cannon Show (2 September 2002-22 February 2003)
Nicktoons UK
1 September – The Fairly OddParents! (2001–2017)
Fox Kids UK
4 February - Shinzo (2000-2003)
18 February - Medabots (1999-2000)
8 April - So Little Time (2001-2002)
22 April - Shin Chan (1999-)
2 September - Power Rangers: Wild Force (2002)
2 September - Hamtaro (2000)
2 September - Pig City (2002)
Disney Channel UK
21 January – The Proud Family (2002–2005)
2 September – That's So Raven (2002–2007)
4 November – Kim Possible (2002–2007 Disney Channel, 2003–2008 ITV Breakfast)
Trouble UK
3 February – My Wife & Kids (2002–2006)
18 March – One on One (2001–2006)
Channels
New channels
Defunct channels
Rebranded channels
Television shows
Changes of network affiliation
Returning this year after a break of one year or longer
28 April – Auf Wiedersehen, Pet (1983–1986 ITV, 2002–2004 BBC One)
20 October – Top Gear relaunches on BBC Two (1977–2001, 2002–present)
Unknown
Andy Pandy (1950–1970, 2002–2005)
Play Your Cards Right (1980–1987, 1994–1999, 2002–2003)
Continuing television shows
1920s
BBC Wimbledon (1927–1939, 1946–2019, 2021–present)
1930s
The Boat Race (1938–1939, 1946–2019)
1950s
Flower Pot Men (1952–1958, 2001–2002)
Panorama (1953–present)
What the Papers Say (1956–2008)
The Sky at Night (1957–present)
Blue Peter (1958–present)
Grandstand (1958–2007)
1960s
Coronation Street (1960–present)
Songs of Praise (1961–present)
Top of the Pops (1964–2006)
Match of the Day (1964–present)
Call My Bluff (1965–2005)
The Money Programme (1966–2010)
1970s
Emmerdale (1972–present)
Newsround (1972–present)
Last of the Summer Wine (1973–2010)
Wish You Were Here...? (1974–2003)
Arena (1975–present)
One Man and His Dog (1976–present)
Grange Hill (1978–2008)
Antiques Roadshow (1979–present)
Question Time (1979–present)
1980s
Children in Need (1980–present)
Timewatch (1982–present)
Brookside (1982–2003)
Countdown (1982–present)
James the Cat (1984–1992, 1998–2003)
The Bill (1984–2010)
Channel 4 Racing (1984–2016)
EastEnders (1985–present)
Comic Relief (1985–present)
Casualty (1986–present)
ChuckleVision (1987–2009)
Fifteen to One (1988–2003, 2013–present)
This Morning (1988–present)
1990s
Stars in Their Eyes (1990–2006, 2015)
999 (1992–2003)
Heartbeat (1992–2010)
Breakfast with Frost (1993–2005)
Wipeout (1994–2002)
Animal Hospital (1994–2004)
Room 101 (1994–2007, 2012–present)
Time Team (1994–2013)
The National Lottery Draws (1994–2017)
Top of the Pops 2 (1994–present)
Y Clwb Rygbi, Wales (1997–present)
Dream Team (1997–2007)
Family Affairs (1997–2005)
Midsomer Murders (1997–present)
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (1998–2014)
Bob the Builder (1998–present)
Tweenies (1999–2002)
The League of Gentlemen (1999–2002)
Holby City (1999–present)
2000s
Doctors (2000–present)
Big Brother (2000–present)
The Weakest Link (2000–2012, 2017–present)
At Home with the Braithwaites (2000–2003)
Clocking Off (2000–2003)
The Office (2001–2003)
Ky's Bommerang (2001–2003)
Pop Idol (2001–2003)
The Kumars (2001–2006, 2014–present)
Popworld (2001–2007)
Real Crime (2001–present)
Angelina Ballerina (2002–2005)
Ending this year
The Flower Pot Men (1952–1958, 2001–2002)
Captain Pugwash (1957–1975, 1997–2002)
How We Used To Live (1968–2002)
Des O'Connor Tonight (1977–2002)
Blankety Blank (1979–1990, 1997–2002)
Family Fortunes (1980–1985, 1987–2002, 2006–2015, 2020–present)
Catchphrase (1986–2002, 2013–present)
The Ruth Rendell Mysteries (1987–2002)
London's Burning (1988–2002)
On the Record (1988–2002)
Big Break (1991–2002)
Brum (1991–2002)
The Big Breakfast (1992–2002)
Peak Practice (1993–2002)
Wipeout (1994–2002)
I'm Alan Partridge (1997–2002)
Playing the Field (1998–2002)
Delia's How to Cook (1998–2002)
The Pepsi Chart Show (1998–2002)
Big Train (1998–2002)
Always and Everyone (1999–2002)
The League of Gentlemen (1999–2002)
The People Versus (2000–2002)
Time Gentlemen Please (2000–2002)
Model Behaviour (2001–2002)
Teletubbies Everywhere (2002)
Deaths
See also
2002 in British music
2002 in British radio
2002 in the United Kingdom
List of British films of 2002
References
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60274302
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%20Miami%20Open%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20doubles
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2019 Miami Open – Women's doubles
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Ashleigh Barty and CoCo Vandeweghe were the defending champions, but Vandeweghe could not participate due to injury. Barty played alongside Victoria Azarenka, but lost in the semifinals to Elise Mertens and Aryna Sabalenka.
Mertens and Sabalenka went on to win the title and completed the Sunshine Double, defeating Samantha Stosur and Zhang Shuai in the final, 7–6(7–5), 6–2.
Seeds
Draw
Finals
Top half
Bottom half
References
Main draw
Miami Open - Women's Doubles
2019 Miami Open
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25542987
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic%20discourse%20socialization
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Academic discourse socialization
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Academic discourse socialization is defined as one's growing process to realize the academic discourse and reach the expectation of the academic community. Academic discourse socialization is a form of language socialization through which newcomers or novices gain knowledge of the academic discourses by socializing and interacting with peers, experts, or more knowledgeable people in their community and social network. A dynamic and complex process, academic discourse socialization requires negotiation of both knowledge and one's identity. This kind of interaction is defined as a bidirectional process in which both novice learners and experts learn from one another.
Early work and major contributions
Over the last two decades, the field of applied linguistics has given renewed attention to academic discourse socialization, especially disciplinary socialization of second language students. A growing body of research has explored socialization experiences of both first and second language learners through oral discourses, such as academic presentations, small group discussions and student-teacher individual conferences for feedback on writing. To understand the complex processes that academic discourse socialization entails, some studies have also explored students' out of class interactions. For instance, Seloni's micro ethnography investigated the role of both in class and out of class collaboration of first year doctoral students in facilitating their socialization into their respective academic communities. She also noted that in these social spaces (classroom and informal interactions) doctoral students accepted and resisted literacy practices and thus created "hybrid forms of literacy practices". While some studies revealed that out of class collaborations are effective and have a positive effect on socialization experiences, others demonstrated that these collaborations are not always favorable.
Recently, written interactions in the form of feedback have also gained some attention in the field and increased our understanding on the impact of feedback (as a social practice) on second language students' socialization into their academic discourses and communities.
Technology-mediated academic discourse socialization have also become more common with the increasing use of digital tools, such as discussion forums, google docs, blogs and applications of Wikipedia-based assignments in higher education.
Function and Process
Collaboration is central to academic discourse socialization. Shifting from individual to collaborative work and building a social network expands understanding of the textbook and discourses. Not only interactions that take place in formal settings (classrooms) but also collaborating with others, especially peers beyond the classroom, help learners socialize into their desired academic communities. Academic Discourse Socialization is an investment in which learners get academic and emotional support as a return and peers play an important role in providing this support. Peers are also called literacy brokers and could be someone who is going through the same process, they don't necessarily have to be experts. Peer support both inside (formal contexts) and outside (informal contexts) of the classroom help learners gain knowledge of academic discourses and enhances students' understanding of their trajectories, identities and capabilities.
Academic presentations also provide a good context to socialize into oral discourses and culture of discourse communities. Socialization through small group discussions allows learners to draw ideas from their prior and existing knowledge and understand a new concept. Given the affordances of digital tools, asynchronous discussions are also considered a productive for academic discourse socialization and literacy development, provided these discussions are graded, carefully designed, and pay attention to learners' agency.
Academic discourse
“Academic discourse refers to the ways of thinking and using language which exist in the academy.” Discourse is not just “language” itself; discourse is language use that represents a person's existence in the world. Thus, what one has said and written are significant to academic community, which also shows that the institution cannot exist without academic discourse. Academic discourse does not only function as a tool to convey one's thoughts but also influences one's formation of social identity, values, and world knowledge. The common ways to present academic discourse are through textbooks, conference presentations, dissertations, lectures, and research articles.
Students in the institution learn to display their thoughts through different types of academic discourse, such as classroom and conference presentations, assignments, and dissertations. In this way, they acquire social practice in the different academic fields, get to the heart of academic enterprise, and finally become a member of a social group.
Discourse conventions in a particular academic field are shaped by the ways of thinking of community members and the values they believe in. Written works and speeches are widely accepted if they are composed and delivered in a suitable way in terms of discourse conventions. The recognition of a publication from an academic community is regarded as the accomplishment of one's academic life and the realization of academic discourse. It is highly motivated when one's published paper was cited or further developed by community members because it is the evidence of acceptance. In order to get a reputation of the academic community, people make some contributions through publication to receive compliments.
Popularity of academic discourse
From the mid-1960s, the issues of academic discourse have caught researchers’ and scholars’ eyes and grown massively. The first reason why academic discourse has become popular is because the number of students in higher education has been dramatically increased, resulting in greater diversity of students.
“This more culturally, socially and linguistically heterogeneous student population means that learners bring different identities, understandings and habits of meaning-making to a more diverse range of subjects.” Therefore, it leads to the problem that it is more difficult for teachers to know whether students acquire the required ability of the principle or not. With the popularity of the concept of academic discourse, teachers can clearly define students’ learning achievement through their performance on different types of academic discourse.
The second reason concerns the transformation of education system. Nowadays, schools do not solely rely on government funding; instead, students’ fees are thought of as a major source of income. Universities are more competitive because students as customers choose prestigious schools which are highly evaluated on the aspect of academic discourse, including the publication of dissertations and lectures in conferences.
The last reason, and also the most important factor affecting the development of academic discourse is the spread of English. English becomes as a lingua franca for oral and written communication. Even academic journals, as a representative type of academic discourse, are most in English. Moreover, “the global status of English has come to influence both the lives of scholars throughout the globe and the production and exchange of academic knowledge in the twenty-first century.” As a result, the learning of academic discourse is especially meaningful for second language learners.
Novice learners first enter into legitimate peripheral participation and then move to the center of the academic community. That is, beginners first acquire the conventions of academic discourse peripherally and imitate discourse activities from experienced learners or experts. After a period of time, learners can also complete academic oral presentations and academic essays, and in the end, the publication of dissertations and participation in international conferences just as what former experts do in the academic community.
For students in the institution, they learn to display their thoughts through different types of academic discourse, such as classroom and conference presentations, assignments, and dissertations. In this way, they acquire social practice in the different academic fields, get to the heart of academic enterprise, and finally become a member of a social group, which can be seen as a process of academic discourse socialization.
References
Bibliography
Flowerdew, J. (2002). Introduction: Approaches to the analysis of academic discourse in English. In Flowerdew, J. (Ed.), Academic discourse. (pp. 21–39). Edinburgh Gate, H: Longman.
Morita, N. (2000). Discourse socialization through oral classroom activities in a TESL graduate program. TESOL Quarterly, 34, 279-310.
Morita, N. (2009). Language, culture, gender, and academic socialization. Language and education, 23, 443-460.
Zamel, V. (1998). Questioning academic discourse. In Zamel, V. & Spack, R. (Eds.), Negotiating academic literacies: Teaching and learning across languages and cultures (pp. 187–197). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine%20peso
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Philippine peso
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The Philippine peso, also referred to by its Filipino name piso (Philippine English: , , plural pesos; ; sign: ₱; code: PHP), is the official currency of the Philippines. It is subdivided into 100 sentimo, also called centavos.
The Philippine peso sign is denoted by the symbol "₱", introduced under American rule in place of the original peso sign "$" used throughout Spanish America. Alternative symbols used are "PHP", "PhP", "Php", or just "P".
The monetary policy of the Philippines is conducted by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP), established on July 3, 1993 as its central bank. It produces the country's banknotes and coins at its Security Plant Complex, which is set to move to the New Clark City in Capas, Tarlac.
History
The Philippine peso is derived from the Spanish peso or pieces of eight brought over in large quantities from Spanish America by the Manila galleons of the 16th to 19th centuries. From the same Spanish peso or dollar is derived the various pesos of Spanish America, the dollars of the US and Hong Kong, as well as the Chinese yuan and the Japanese yen.
Pre-colonial coinage
The trade the pre-colonial tribes of what is now the Philippines did among themselves with its many types of pre-Hispanic kingdoms (kedatuans, rajahnates, wangdoms, lakanates and sultanates) and with traders from the neighboring islands was conducted through barter. The inconvenience of barter however later led to the use of some objects as a medium of exchange. Gold, which was plentiful in many parts of the islands, invariably found its way into these objects that included the Piloncitos, small bead-like gold bits considered by the local numismatists as the earliest coin of the ancient peoples of the Philippines, and gold barter rings. The original silver currency unit was the rupya or rupiah, brought over by trade with India and Indonesia.
Two native Tagalog words for money which survive today in Filipino were salapi and possibly pera. Salapi is thought to be from isa (one) + rupya which would become lapia when adapted to Tagalog. Alternately, it could be from Arabic asrafi (a gold coin, see Persian ashrafi) or sarf (money, money exchange). Pera is thought to be from Malay perak (silver), which also has a direct cognate or adaptation in Tagalog/Filipino as pilak. Alternately, it could be from 10 and 5 centimo coins of the Spanish peseta, known as the perra gorda and perra chica.
Spanish colonial period
The Spanish dollar or silver peso worth eight reales was first introduced by the Magellan expedition of 1521 and brought in large quantities after the 1565 conquest of the Philippines by Miguel López de Legazpi. The local salapi continued under Spanish rule as a toston or half-peso coin. Additionally, Spanish gold onzas or eight-escudo coins were also introduced with identical weight to the Spanish dollar but valued at 16 silver pesos.
The earliest silver coins brought in by the galleons from Mexico and other Spanish American colonies were in the form of roughly-cut cobs or macuquinas. These coins usually bore a cross on one side and the Spanish royal coat-of-arms on the other. These crudely-made coins were subsequently replaced by machine-minted coins called Columnarios (pillar dollars) or “dos mundos (two worlds)” in 1732 containing 27.07 grams of 0.917 fine silver (revised to 0.903 fine in 1771).
Fractional currency was supplied by cutting the Spanish dollar coin, most commonly into eight wedges each worth one Spanish real. Locally produced crude copper or bronze coins called cuartos or barrillas (hence the Tagalog/Filipino words cuarta or kwarta, "money" and barya "coin" or "loose change") were also struck in the Philippines by order of the Spanish government, with 20 cuartos being equal to one real (hence, 160 cuartos to a peso). The absence of officially minted cuartos in the 19th century was alleviated in part by counterfeit two-cuarto coins made by Igorot copper miners in the Cordilleras.
A currency system derived from coins imported from Spain, China and neighboring countries was fraught with various difficulties. Money came in different coinages, and fractional currency in addition to the real and the cuarto also existed. Money has nearly always been scarce in Manila, and when it was abundant it was shipped to the provinces or exported abroad to pay for exports. An 1857 decree requiring the keeping of accounts in pesos and centimos (worth 1/100th of a peso) was of little help to the situation given the existence of copper cuartos worth 160 to a peso.
19th century Gold/Silver Bimetallic standard
The Spanish gold onza (or 8-escudo coin) was of identical weight to the Spanish dollar but was officially valued at 16 silver pesos, thus putting the peso on a bimetallic standard with a gold/silver ratio of 16. Its divergence with the value of gold in international trade featured prominently in the continued monetary crises of the 19th century. In the 1850s the low price of gold in the international markets triggered the outflow of silver coins. In 1875 the adoption of the gold standard in Europe triggered a rise in the international price of gold and the replacement of gold coins with silver pesos. While the Philippines stayed officially bimetallic until 1898 with the peso worth either one silver Mexican peso (weighing 27.07 grams 0.903 fine, or 0.786 troy ounce XAG) or 1/16th the gold onza (weighing 1.6915 gram 0.875 fine, or 0.0476 troy ounce XAU), in reality the gold peso has increased in value to approx. two silver pesos.
Concurrent with these events is the establishment of the Casa de Moneda de Manila in the Philippines in 1857, the mintage starting 1861 of gold 1, 2 and 4 peso coins according to Spanish standards (the 4-peso coin being 6.766 grams of 0.875 gold), and the mintage starting 1864 of fractional 50, 20 and 10 centimo silver coins also according to Spanish standards (with 100 centimos containing 25.96 grams of 0.900 silver; later lowered to 0.835 silver in 1881).
In 1897 Spain introduced 1-peso silver coins with the bust of King Alfonso XIII, as well as 5- and 10-centimos de peseta coins for circulation in the Philippines as 1- and 2-centimos de peso. The Spanish-Filipino peso remained in circulation and were legal tender in the islands until 1904, when the American authorities demonetized them in favor of the new US-Philippine peso.
The first paper money circulated in the Philippines was the Philippine peso fuerte issued in 1851 by the country's first bank, the El Banco Español Filipino de Isabel II. Convertible to either silver pesos or gold onzas, its volume of 1,800,000 pesos was small relative to about 40,000,000 silver pesos in circulation at the end of the 19th century.
A fanciful etymology for the term pera holds that it was inspired by the Carlist Wars where Queen Isabel II was supposedly called La Perra (The Bitch) by her detractors, and thus coins bearing the image of Isabel II were supposedly called perras, which became pera. A less outlandish Spanish origin, if the term is indeed derived from Spanish, could be the Spanish coins of 10- and 5-centimos de peseta (valued locally at 2- and 1-centimos de peso) which were nicknamed perra gorda and perra chica, where the "bitch" or female dog is a sarcastic reference to the Spanish lion. Arguments against either theory are that the coins bearing the face of Isabel II were nicknamed Isabelinas and that the perra coins were only introduced to the Philippines in 1897.
Revolutionary Period
Asserting its independence after the Philippine Declaration of Independence on June 12, 1898, the República Filipina (Philippine Republic) under General Emilio Aguinaldo issued its own coins and paper currency backed by the country's natural resources. The coins were the first to use the name centavo for the subdivision of the peso. The island of Panay also issued revolutionary coinage. After Aguinaldo's capture by American forces in Palanan, Isabela on March 23, 1901, the revolutionary peso ceased to exist.
American Colonial Period
After the United States took control of the Philippines, the United States Congress passed the Philippine Coinage Act of 1903, established the unit of currency to be a theoretical gold peso (not coined) consisting of 12.9 grains of gold 0.900 fine (0.0241875 XAU). This unit was equivalent to exactly half the value of a U.S. dollar. Its peg to gold was maintained until the gold content of the U.S. dollar was reduced in 1934. Its peg of ₱2 to the U.S. dollar was maintained until independence in 1946.
The act provided for the coinage and issuance of Philippine silver pesos substantially of the weight and fineness as the Mexican peso, which should be of the value of 50 cents gold and redeemable in gold at the insular treasury, and which was intended to be the sole circulating medium among the people. The act also provided for the coinage of subsidiary and minor coins and for the issuance of silver certificates in denominations of not less than 2 nor more than 10 pesos (maximum denomination increased to 500 pesos from 1905).
It also provided for the creation of a gold-standard fund to maintain the parity of the coins so authorized to be issued and authorized the insular government to issue temporary certificates of indebtedness bearing interest at a rate not to exceed 4 percent per annum, payable not more than one year from date of issue, to an amount which should not at any one time exceed 10 million dollars or 20 million pesos.
The US territorial administration also issued Culion leper colony coinage between 1913 and 1930.
Commonwealth Period
When the Philippines became a U.S. Commonwealth in 1935, the coat of arms of the Philippine Commonwealth were adopted and replaced the arms of the U.S. Territories on the reverse of coins while the obverse remained unchanged. This seal is composed of a much smaller eagle with its wings pointed up, perched over a shield with peaked corners, above a scroll reading "Commonwealth of the Philippines". It is a much busier pattern, and widely considered less attractive.
World War II
In 1942, at the height of the resistance against the Japanese invasion in Corregidor island, US-Philippine forces managed to ship off to Australia most of the gold and significant assets held in reserve by Manila's banks, but they had to discard an estimated ₱ 15 million worth of silver pesos into the sea off Caballo Bay rather than surrender it to the Japanese. After the war these assets would be returned to Philippine banks, and most of the discarded pesos would be recovered but in badly corroded condition.
The Japanese occupiers then introduced fiat notes for use in the Philippines. Emergency circulating notes (also termed "guerrilla pesos") were also issued by banks and local governments, using crude inks and materials, which were redeemable in silver pesos after the end of the war. The puppet state under José P. Laurel outlawed possession of guerrilla currency and declared a monopoly on the issuance of money and anyone found to possess guerrilla notes could be arrested or even executed. Because of the fiat nature of the currency, the Philippine economy felt the effects of hyperinflation.
Combined U.S. and Philippine Commonwealth military forces including recognized guerrilla units continued printing Philippine pesos, so that, from October 1944 to September 1945, all earlier issues except for the emergency guerrilla notes were considered illegal and were no longer legal tender.
Independence and the Central Bank of the Philippines, 1949–1993
Republic Act No. 265 created the Central Bank of the Philippines (now the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas) on January 3, 1949, in which was vested the power of administering the banking and credit system of the country. Under the act, all powers in the printing and mintage of Philippine currency was vested in the CBP, taking away the rights of the banks such as Bank of the Philippine Islands and the Philippine National Bank to issue currency.
The Philippines faced various post-war problems due to the slow recovery of agricultural production, trade deficits due to the need to import needed goods, and high inflation due to the lack of goods. The CBP embarked on a fixed exchange system during the 1950s where the peso's convertibility was maintained at ₱2 per US$1 by various measures to control and conserve the country's international reserves.
This system, combined with other “Filipino First” efforts to curtail importations, helped reshape the country's import patterns and improve the balance of payments. Such restrictions, however, gave rise to a black market where dollars routinely traded for above ₱3/$. The CBP's allocation system which rations a limited supply of dollars at ₱2/$ to purchase priority imports was exploited by parties with political connections. Higher black market exchange rates drove remittances and foreign investments away from official channels.
By 1962 the task of maintaining the old ₱2/$ parity while defending available reserves has become untenable under the new Diosdado Macapagal administration, opening up a new decontrol era from 1962–1970 where foreign exchange restrictions were dismantled and a new free-market exchange rate of ₱3.90/$ was adopted since 1965. This move helped balance foreign exchange supply versus demand and greatly boosted foreign investment inflows and international reserves. However, a weak manufacturing base that can't capture market share in (mostly imported) consumer goods meant that devaluation only fueled inflation, and by the time the decontrol era ended in 1970 another devaluation to ₱6.43/$ was needed.
In 1967, coinage adopted Filipino language terminology instead of English, banknotes following suit in 1969. Consecutively, the currency terminologies as appearing on coinage and banknotes changed from the English centavo and peso to the Filipino sentimo and piso. However, centavo is more commonly used by Filipinos in everyday speech.
The CBP's final era from 1970 until the BSP's reestablishment in 1993 involved a managed float system with no more fixed parity commitments versus the dollar. The CBP only committed to maintain orderly foreign exchange market conditions and to reduce short-term volatility. Difficulties continued throughout the 1970s and 1980s in managing inflation and keeping exchange rates stable, and was complicated further by the CBP lacking independence in government especially when the latter incurs fiscal shortfalls. The worst episode occurred when a confidence crisis in the Ferdinand Marcos administration triggered a capital flight among investors between August 1983 to February 1986, nearly doubling the exchange rate from ₱11/$ to ₱20/$ and also doubling the prices of goods.
Reorganization to the new Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas
Positive political and economic developments in the 1990s paved the way for further economic liberalization and an opportunity to unburden the central bank of objectives that are inconsistent with keeping inflation stable. The New Central Bank Act (Republic Act No 7653) of June 14, 1993 replaces the old CBP with a new Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas mandated explicitly to maintain price stability, and enjoying fiscal and administrative autonomy to insulate it from government interference. This, along with the further liberalization of various foreign exchange regulations, puts the Philippine peso on a fully floating exchange rate system. The market decides on the level in which the peso trades versus foreign currencies based on the BSP's ability to maintain a stable inflation rate on goods and services as well as sufficient international reserves to fund exports. Black market exchange rates as seen in the past are now nonexistent since official markets now reflect underlying supply and demand.
The Philippine peso has since traded versus the U.S. dollar in a range of ₱24–46 from 1993–99, ₱40–56 from 2000–2009, and ₱40–54 from 2010–2019. The previous 1903–1934 definition of a peso as 12.9 grains of 0.9 gold (or 0.0241875 XAU) is now worth ₱2,266.03 based on gold prices as of November 2021.
Names for different denominations
The smallest currency unit is called centavo in English (from Spanish centavo). Following the adoption of the "Pilipino series" in 1967, it became officially known as sentimo in Filipino (from Spanish céntimo). However, "centavo" and its local spellings, síntabo and sentabo, are still used as synonyms in Tagalog. It is the most widespread preferred term over sentimo in other Philippine languages, including Abaknon, Bikol, Cebuano, Cuyonon, Ilocano, and Waray, In Chavacano, centavos are referred to as céns (also spelled séns).
Tagalog language words for the different centavo-denominated coins were more common in the 20th century before the decrease in their use afterwards.
The half-centavo coin was called a kusing, and the 1-centavo coin was called isang pera or sampera.
Coins for 5, 10, 25 and 50 centavos went by their Spanish names singko, diyes, bentesingko and singkwenta. Additionally, the 50-centavo coin was also called salapi.
The terms "1 peso each", "50 centavos each" and "1 centavo each" may be expressed as mamiso, manalapi and mamera, respectively.
Coins
The Spanish administration opened the Casa de Moneda de Manila (or Manila mint) in 1857 in order to supply coins for the Philippines, minting silver coins of 10 centimos, 20 centimos, and 50 centimos; and gold coins of 1 peso, 2 pesos and 4 pesos.
The American government minted currency under the Philippine Coinage Act of 1903 in its mints in the United States, in base-metal denominations of half centavo, one centavo and five centavos; and in silver denominations of 10 centavos, 20 centavos, 50 centavos and 1 peso. They eventually deemed it more economical and convenient to mint coins in the Philippines, hence the re-opening of the Manila Mint in 1920, which produced coins until the Commonwealth Era excluding 1/2 centavo and regular-issue 1-peso coins (commemorative 1-peso coins were minted in 1936).
In 1937 the eagle-and-shield reverse design was changed into the coat-of-arms of the Commonwealth of the Philippines while retaining the legend "United States of America". During the Second World War, no coins were minted from 1942 to 1943 due to the Japanese Occupation. Minting resumed in 1944–45 for the last time under the Commonwealth. Coins only resumed in 1958 after an issuance of centavo-denominated fractional banknotes from 1949 to 1957.
In 1958, the new English coinage series entirely of base metal was introduced, consisting of bronze 1 centavo, brass 5 centavos and nickel-brass 10 centavos, 25 centavos and 50 centavos. The 20-centavo denomination was discontinued.
In 1967, the Pilipino-language coin series was introduced with the peso and centavo renamed into piso and sentimo. It consisted of aluminum 1-sentimo, brass 5-sentimo, and nickel-brass 10, 25 and 50 sentimo. The 1-piso coin was reintroduced in 1972.
In 1975, the Ang Bagong Lipunan Series was introduced. It consisted of aluminum 1-sentimo, brass 5-sentimo, cupro-nickel 10-sentimo, 25-sentimo and 1-piso, and a pure nickel 5-piso coin which rarely circulated.
In 1983, the Flora and Fauna Series was introduced. It consisted of aluminum 1-, 5- and 10-sentimo, brass 25-sentimo, and cupro-nickel 50-sentimo, 1-piso and a new 2-piso coin. From 1991 to 1994 the sizes of coins from 25-sentimo to 2-piso were reduced under the Improved Flora and Fauna Series, and a new nickel-brass 5-piso coin was introduced.
In 1995, the New Design coin series was introduced with the aim of replacing and demonetizing all previously issued coin series on January 3, 1998. It initially consisted of copper-plated steel 1-, 5- and 10-sentimo, brass 25-sentimo, copper-nickel 1-piso and nickel-brass 5-piso. In 2000, the bimetallic 10-piso coin was added to the series. In 2004 the composition of the 25-sentimo and 1-piso was changed to brass-plated steel and nickel-plated steel, respectively.
The current series, the New Generation Currency Series was introduced in 2017, consisting of nickel-plated steel 1-, 5- ,25-sentimo and 1-, 5- and 10-piso. In December 2019 the bimetallic plated-steel 20-piso coin was introduced, together with a modified nine-sided 5-piso coin issued in response to numerous complaints that the round steel 5-piso coin looked too much like the 1-piso and 10-piso.
Denominations worth P0.25 (~$0.005) and below are still issued but have been increasingly regarded as a nuisance. Proposals to retire and demonetize all coins less than one peso in value have been rejected by the government and the BSP.
Banknotes
Previous series
In 1852 the Philippines first issued banknotes under El Banco Español Filipino de Isabel II (the present Bank of the Philippine Islands) in denominations of 10, 25, 50 and 200 pesos fuertes (strong pesos).
By 1903, the American colonial Insular Government issued Silver Certificates in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 500 pesos, backed by silver coin or U.S. gold at a fixed rate of 2:1. These were supplemented by banknotes of the Bank of the Philippine Islands in 1908, banknotes of the Philippine National Bank in 1916, and Treasury Certificates of the Philippine Treasury in 1918 backed by United States Government bonds. Only the latter remained legal tender after Philippine independence in 1946.
The dimensions of all banknotes issued under the US-Philippine administration, 16 x 6.6 cm, has been used ever since on all Philippine banknotes (except pre-1958 centavo notes), and was introduced during William Howard Taft's tenure as governor-general of the Philippines. In view of its highly successful run, President Taft then appointed a committee that reported favorably on the advantages and savings from changing the size of United States banknotes to Philippine-size.
Since 1928 the sizes of the U.S. dollar Federal Reserve Notes and Philippine banknotes have therefore been nearly identical.
In 1949, the Central Bank of the Philippines took over paper money issue. Its first notes were Treasury Certificates printed under US administration overprinted with "Victory - Central Bank of the Philippines". These were followed in 1951 by regular-issue English Series banknotes in denominations of 5, 10, 20 and 50 centavos, 1 peso, 2 pesos, 5 pesos, 10 pesos, 20 pesos, 50 pesos, 100 pesos, 200 pesos and 500 pesos. The centavo notes (except for the 50-centavo note, which would be later known as the half-peso note) were discontinued in 1958 when the English Series coins were first minted.
In 1967, the CBP adopted the Filipino language on its Pilipino Banknote Series, using the name Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, and in 1969 introduced the Pilipino Series of notes in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 piso. The Ang Bagong Lipunan Series was introduced in 1973 and included 2-piso notes.
A radical change occurred in 1985, when the CBP issued the New Design Series with 500-piso notes introduced in 1987, 1000-piso notes (for the first time) in 1991 and 200-piso notes in 2002.
The New Design Series was the name used to refer to Philippine banknotes issued from 1985 to 1993. It was then renamed as the BSP Series due to the re-establishment of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas in 1993. It was succeeded by the New Generation Currency Series issued on December 16, 2010.
The New Design/BSP Series banknotes were printed from 1985 to 2013 (1985–1995 for the 5 peso notes, 1985–2001 for the 10 peso notes, 1986–2012 for the 20 peso notes, 1991–2012 for the 1000 peso notes, 2002–2013 for the 200 peso notes, and 1987–2013 for 50, 100, and 500 peso notes). Existing banknotes remained legal tender until December 31, 2015. The bills were originally to be demonetized by January 1, 2017, but the deadline for exchanging the old banknotes was extended twice, on June 30, 2017 and December 29, 2017. After that date, all NDS/BSP banknotes were demonetized and are no longer a liability of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas.
New Generation Currency (current)
In 2009, Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) announced that it has launched a massive redesign for current banknotes and coins to further enhance security features and improve durability. The members of the numismatic committee include BSP Deputy Governor Diwa Guinigundo and Ambeth Ocampo, Chairman of the National Historical Institute. The new banknote designs feature famous Filipinos and iconic natural wonders. Philippine national symbols will be depicted on coins. The BSP started releasing the initial batch of new banknotes in December 2010.
Several, albeit disputable, errors have been discovered on banknotes of the New Generation series and discussed over social media. Among these are the exclusion of Batanes from the Philippine map on the reverse of all denominations, the mislocation of the Puerto Princesa Subterranean Underground River on the reverse of the 500-peso bill and the Tubbataha Reef on the 1000-peso bill, and the incorrect coloring on the beak and feathers of the blue-naped parrot on the 500-peso bill, but these were eventually realized to be due to the color limitations of intaglio printing. The scientific names of the animals featured on the reverse sides of all banknotes were incorrectly rendered in the 2010 series, but were corrected starting 2017.
By February 2016, the BSP started to circulate new 100-peso bills which were modified to have a stronger mauve or violet color. This was "in response to suggestions from the public to make it easier to distinguish from the 1000-peso bank note". The public could still use the New Generation Currency 100-peso bills with fainter colors as they are still acceptable.
On December 11, 2019, Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) introduced the 20-piso coin that will eventually replace the 20-piso note. The latter will continue to be produced in 2020 until raw materials to print it are totally used up; it will then remain legal tender and will be withdrawn gradually as the notes become unfit for circulation.
Commemorative banknotes
Commemorative banknotes have been issued by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas to memorialize events of historic significance to the Philippines.
The most common method of commemoration is by adding a commemorative overprint on the watermark area of a circulating denomination. There also exist especially printed commemorative higher-denomination non-circulating banknotes, in the following denominations:
2,000-piso: Centennial of Declaration of Philippine Independence, 1998
100,000-piso: Centennial of Declaration of Philippine Independence, 1998
5,000-piso: 2021 Quincentennial Commemorations in the Philippines
Monetary policy
The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) was established on July 3, 1993 as the Philippines’ central bank, succeeding the previous Central Bank of the Philippines which was established in 1949. Its primary monetary policy objective is to promote a low and stable inflation conducive to a balanced and sustainable economic growth.
It achieves this objective through inflation targeting, a monetary policy approach where an inflation target is publicly announced, which the BSP then commits to achieve over a two-year horizon by using these monetary policy tools:
Adjusting the policy rate at which the BSP borrows from banks;
Open Market Operations where the BSP buys (or sells) government securities and BSP securities in order to increase (or decrease) liquidity;
Offering term deposits to absorb liquidity;
Standing Liquidity Facilities to provide liquidity to banks as needed; and
Increasing (or decreasing) bank reserve requirements to decrease (or increase) remaining liquidity that can be loaned out.
Inflation forecasts exceeding targets are addressed by a contractionary policy to bring down inflation to target by increasing policy rates, increasing reserve requirements, or selling government securities - all resulting in reduced liquidity. An expansionary policy to counteract low inflation brought by economic pessimism involves the opposite steps - lower policy rates, lower reserve requirements, or buying government securities.
Exchange rates
Historical exchange rate
The official exchange rate was ₱2 against the U.S. dollar from 1946–62, devalued to ₱3.90/$ in 1962, and devalued again to ₱6.43/$ in 1970. Black market exchange rates during these periods, however, were nearly always higher than official rates.
Several depreciations followed, with the peso trading at ₱18/$ in 1984 from the dirty float at ₱11.25/$ in 1983 and ₱21/$ in 1986. In the early 1990s, the peso depreciated again to ₱28/$. Due to the 1997 Asian financial crisis, the peso depreciated from ₱26/$ in July 1997 to ₱42/$ in 1998 and to about ₱50/$ in 2001. Black market exchange rates as seen in the past are now nonexistent since official exchange rates now reflect underlying supply and demand rather than political considerations.
Current exchange rate
Recent issues
Errors in currency
In 2005, About 78 million 100-peso notes with President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo’s surname misspelled as "Arrovo" were printed and planned to be circulated. The error was only found out after 2 million of the notes were circulated and the BSP had ordered an investigation.
The incorrect manner in which scientific names were printed in the 2010 New Generation Currency Series were addressed in 2017 revisions.
In December 2017, a 100 peso banknote which had no face of Manuel A. Roxas and no electrotype 100 was issued. The Facebook post was shared over 24,000 times. The BSP said that the banknotes are due to a rare misprint.
1-peso coin fraud
By August 2006, it became publicly known that the 1-peso coin has the same size as the 1 United Arab Emirates dirham coin. , 1-peso is only worth 8 fils (0.08 dirham), leading to vending machine fraud in the UAE. Similar frauds have also occurred in the US, as the 1-peso coin is roughly the same size as the quarter but is worth slightly less than 2 U.S. cents. Newer digital parking meters are not affected by the fraud, though most vending machines will accept them as quarters.
Fake denominations
In 2017, a one-peso coin that was allegedly minted in 1971 was said to bear the design of the novel Noli Me Tángere by Jose Rizal at the back of the coin. The coin was allegedly sold for up to ₱1,000,000. The holder of the said coin was interviewed by Kapuso Mo, Jessica Soho about this, but potential buyers made no serious offers to purchase the coin, and the BSP said that it did not release any coin of the said design. The BSP also mentioned that the coin is thinner than the circulating coin which gives the possibility that someone might have tampered it and replaced it with a different design.
In June 2018, a Facebook page posted a ₱10,000 note with a portrait of President Ramon Magsaysay on the front and a water buffalo and Mount Pinatubo on the back. The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas did not issue this banknote and stressed that only 6 denominations are in current circulation (20-, 50-, 100-, 200-, 500- and 1000 pesos). The Facebook page of the BSP said that it was fake. The signature was also of former governor of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas Amando Tetangco Jr. It was found out that the photo was from a different user who found a fake 10,000 peso banknote in a book at a library.
See also
Economy of the Philippines
References
Bibliography
Banknotes and Coins June 2010, Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP).
Philippine Coins'' at the Bohol.ph website
External links
Coinage
Notes
Currencies of the Philippines
Economy of the Philippines
Currency symbols
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2619407
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard%20Sarrette
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Bernard Sarrette
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Bernard Sarrette (27 November 1765April 1858), founded what would become the Conservatoire de Paris.
Biography
Sarrette was born in Bordeaux, the son of a shoemaker, and travelled to Paris as an accountant. During the French Revolution, he joined the Garde Nationale. There he proposed the formation of a corps of musicians, and was put in charge, although he was not a musician.
He gathered together forty-five musicians from the depot of the Gardes Françaises, and they formed the nucleus for the music of the Garde Nationale, with François Joseph Gossec as artistic director. In May 1790, the municipality of Paris increased the body to seventy-eight musicians. When the financial embarrassments of the Commune necessitated the suppression of the paid guard, Sarrette kept the musicians near him and obtained from the municipality, in June 1792, the establishment of a free school of music.
Sarrette was briefly imprisoned from 25 March to 10 May 1794, although the reasons are uncertain. On 18 Brumaire, Year II (8 November 1794), the school was converted into the Institut National de Musique by decree of the convention, and by the law of 16 Thermidor, Year III (3 August 1795), it was finally organized under the name of Conservatoire. Sarrette regained the title of director during the reorganization of 1800.
The protection of Napoleon I was a source of disaster to him in 1815, when the conservatoire was closed; its subsequent history was watched by its founder as a mere spectator from outside. For the last forty four years of his life Sarrette lived in retirement, in some type of disgrace. He died in Paris on 13 April 1858 and is buried in that city's Montmartre Cemetery.
References
1765 births
1858 deaths
People from Bordeaux
18th-century French people
19th-century French people
Directors of the Conservatoire de Paris
Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur
Burials at Montmartre Cemetery
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiheiy%C5%8D%20Ferry
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Taiheiyō Ferry
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The is a privately-owned cruiseferry operator connecting Nagoya, Sendai, and Tomakomai in Japan. It is a subsidiary of the Nagoya-based Meitetsu Group, a group of companies that focuses primarily on rail transport in the Chūkyō metropolitan area.
History
The Taiheiyō Ferry was first founded as the in 1970, operating a line between Nagoya and Ōita City with the Arkas, with a stop at Nachikatsuura, Wakayama added in May 3rd, 1975. The current route between Nagoya, Sendai, and Tomakomai soon began in 1973.
In 1982, the Meitetsu Group acquired the Taiheiyō Enkai Ferry and renamed it to its current name.
Routes
The Taiheiyō Ferry operates a single regular route between Nagoya, Sendai, and Tomakomai. Ships operate every day between Sendai and Tomakomai, and every other day between Nagoya and Sendai. Out of the three ships the company operates, only the Kiso and Ishikari stop at Nagoya. The company also operates seasonal routes to Ise Bay, Kōchi, Okinawa, and the Bonin Islands.
Fleet
Current fleet
The Taiheiyō Ferry has operated a total of twelve ships, three of which are in operation: the Kiso, Ishikari, and Kitakami, which are named after the Kiso, Ishikari, and Kitakami rivers, respectively. The names are chosen to represent each region (Chūbu, Hokkaido, and Tōhoku) that the ferry serves.
All ships can carry a certain number of cars as well as passengers. Additionally, all ships are equipped with dining rooms and rooms for lodging.
Former fleet
Incidents
During the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake, the Kitakami (1st generation) was moored at Sendai. The Kitakami managed to escape to sea before the ensuing tsunami, but Taiheiyō Ferry's terminal was heavily damaged along with the rest of the Port of Sendai. 123 cars belonging to the company and most of the equipment on shore were lost. Regular services to Sendai resumed on June 5th, and repairs to the terminal building were completed on July 8th.
See also
References
External links
Ferries of Japan
1970 establishments in Japan
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22216262
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyacinthe%20Fran%C3%A7ois%20Joseph%20Despinoy
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Hyacinthe François Joseph Despinoy
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Hyacinthe François Joseph Despinoy or Despinois (22 May 1764– 29 December 1848) became a French general during the French Revolutionary Wars, but Napoleon Bonaparte removed him from command. Afterward he held minor positions.
Early career
Born in Valenciennes, Despinoy joined the French royal army in July 1780 as a gentleman-cadet in the Barrois Regiment (later the 50th Line Infantry). Promoted to sous-lieutenant in 1784 and lieutenant in 1791, he was a captain of grenadiers in 1792 when the War of the First Coalition broke out. He quickly rose in rank to chef de battalion in 1793 and fought in several minor actions.
During the Siege of Toulon, Despinoy served as chief of staff to General Jacques François Dugommier. He received promotion to general of brigade after being severely wounded during the siege. He was posted to the Army of the Eastern Pyrenees where he distinguished himself at the siege of Collioure. In November 1794 he presented the captured Spanish flags to the Convention and gave a stirring speech. He was later captured at Puycerda but freed at the Peace of Basle in 1795.
Under Bonaparte
In 1796, Despinoy joined Bonaparte's Army of Italy and fought at the Battle of Mondovì. Promoted to general of division in June 1796, he directed the siege of the citadel of Milan until its surrender. Bonaparte removed him from the command of his division "for refusing to engage the Austrians on 3 August" during the Battle of Lonato. On 14 August 1796, Bonaparte wrote of him, Without energy or audacity. Is not a natural soldier, is not loved by his men, does not lead them into action. Has high principles, a good mind, sound political views. A good commander in the interior."
Despinoy later served as governor of the fortresses of Perpignan in 1801 and Alessandria from 1803 to 1814. He was named a commandant of the Legion d'honneur but never again entrusted with a combat command.
Bourbons
King Louis XVIII of France named Despinoy commander of the 1st military division in January 1816 and shortly after he was ennobled as a Count. After commanding other interior posts, he led the 12th military division at Nantes where he resisted the Revolution of 1830. He was arrested and retired from duty. He died in 1848.
References
Chandler, David. Dictionary of the Napoleonic Wars. New York: Macmillan, 1979.
Footnotes
See also
Battle of Castiglione
1764 births
1848 deaths
People from Valenciennes
French generals
French Republican military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars
French military personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
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18391795
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ctenanthe%20oppenheimiana
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Ctenanthe oppenheimiana
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Ctenanthe oppenheimiana, the giant bamburanta or never never plant, is a species of flowering plant of family Marantaceae and is a native of Brazil. It is an evergreen perennial. This plant can grow to more than tall and broad, with long narrow leaves up to in length. The leaves are adorned on the secondary veins with dark green bands, which meet and merge in the margins. In between are cream coloured bands. The undersides of the leaves have a red-ish colour. The cultivar ‘Tricolor’ is a common ornamental variety, which as a houseplant in the UK has gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit. (confirmed 2017). This cultivar is visually very similar to Stromanthe Sanguinea 'Triostar', and the two are often confused. The difference between the two lies in the lack of regular banding on the leaves of the Sromanthe, and the generally more rounded shape of the leaves in Ctenanthe.
Synonyms
Calathea oppenheimiana E.Morren
Maranta herderiana Regel
Maranta oppenheimiana (E.Morren) Petersen
Phyllodes oppenheimiana (E.Morren) Kuntze
References
House plants
Marantaceae
Flora of Brazil
Garden plants
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53514872
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Preston%20Lauder
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William Preston Lauder
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William Preston Lauder FRSE FRCPE FRCSE (1788 – 1 April 1850) was a Scottish physician, specialising in obstetrics.
Life
Lauder was born at the family home on Carrubbers Close, off the Royal Mile in Edinburgh around 1788, the son of Dr Colin Lauder and one of 10 children to his first wife, Margaret Milne. He was educated at the High School in Edinburgh and attended the University of St Andrews to study medicine, rather than the University of Edinburgh possibly to avoid any claim of discrimination. He gained his MD in 1809.
He returned to Edinburgh as a physician also acting as Physician-Accoucheur to the Edinburgh New Town Dispensary. At that time he also lectured on midwifery and the "Diseases of Women and Children" at Surgeon Square.
In 1825 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, his proposer being a cousin, Thomas Dick Lauder. He resigned in 1839 largely due to his relocation to London.
In 1828 he was living at 91 Sloane Street in London, and had properties in Edinburgh, Cupar, Reading and Wallingford. In June 1831 he was living at 22 Sloane Street, and was involved in a forgery case being tried at the Old Bailey where Joseph Backler obtained £5 from Lauder's shopkeeper neighbour, Eden Bowler, using a cheque in Lauder's name. Backler was found guilty and sentenced to death, however his sentence was later commuted to imprisonment.
He died at his home at 8 Sloane Street in London on 1 April 1850 (some accounts state 1852). On his death he bequeathed several portraits to his eldest niece.
Family
He married Harriet Dalmer, daughter of General Harry Dalmer, and sister of Lieutenant General Thomas Dalmer. They had no children. His wife died at Sloane Street in February 1861.
References
1788 births
1850 deaths
19th-century Scottish medical doctors
Medical doctors from Edinburgh
Alumni of the University of St Andrews
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Physician-accoucheurs
Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh
Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
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28082785
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004%E2%80%9305%20Saudi%20Premier%20League
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2004–05 Saudi Premier League
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Statistics of the 2004–05 Saudi Premier League, officially known as The Custodian of The Two Holy Mosques League Cup.
Stadia and locations
Final league table
Championship playoffs
Match against fourth place
Match against third place
Final
Season statistics
Top scorers
References
External links
RSSSF Stats
Saudi Arabia Football Federation
Saudi League Statistics
Saudi Premier League seasons
Saudi Professional League
Professional League
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66192500
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred%20Strachan
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Fred Strachan
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Frederick Strachan (born August 1923) is a New Zealand retired rowing coach.
Biography
Strachan was born in August 1923. Beginning in 1944, he has been a member of the North End Rowing Club (NERC) in Dunedin. He was a provincial representative rower for the Otago Rowing Association in 1948. He was involved in rowing for seven decades and 70 rowers coached by him have represented New Zealand internationally.
In 1960, Strachan coached a coxed four at NERC that was the first boat for the club to win a national championship. He was a selector for Rowing New Zealand from 1964 to 1988. In the late 1960s, Strachan promoted greater use of science in high performance sport. He was selector for the 1968 coxed four that had been intended as potential substitutes for the 1968 New Zealand eight but who ended up being nominated as a separate team and returned with gold from the 1968 Summer Olympics. He was selector of the New Zealand eight that won gold at the 1971 European Rowing Championships and gold at the 1972 Summer Olympics. He was the manager of the 1972 New Zealand Olympic rowing team. Strachan later mentored Hamish Bond, who credits Strachan with having turned him into an elite rower.
Strachan has officiated for FISA, the World Rowing Federation, at the 1964 Summer Olympics, 1968 Summer Olympics, 1970 World Rowing Championships, 1972 Summer Olympics, 1976 Summer Olympics, 1978 World Rowing Championships, and 1981 World Rowing Championships. He retired from FISA in 1988 when he hit the age barrier.
Honorary roles and awards
Strachan was president of Rowing New Zealand from 1985 to 1990, in which year he was awarded life membership. He is vice-patron of Rowing New Zealand. In the 1991 New Year Honours, he was awarded a Queen's Service Medal (QSM) for community service. At the 2005 Halberg Awards, Strachan was awarded a lifetime achievements award. In 2019, he was awarded the Sir Don Rowlands Medal by the New Zealand Rowing Association.
Notes
References
1923 births
Living people
Rowing coaches
New Zealand sports coaches
People from Dunedin
Recipients of the Queen's Service Medal
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11719119
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob%20Wicker
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Bob Wicker
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Robert Kitridge Wicker (May 25, 1877 – January 22, 1955) was a professional baseball player who was a pitcher in the Major Leagues from 1901 to 1906. He would play for the St. Louis Cardinals, Chicago Cubs, and Cincinnati Reds.
Wicker started his professional career in 1900. With Dayton of the Interstate League, he went 21–9. He joined the Cardinals the following season. In early 1903, he was traded to the Cubs, where he won 20 games for the only time in the majors.
Wicker continued to pitch well for the next two years. However, he started off slow in 1906 and was traded to the Reds, thus missing out on the Cubs' pennant win. Wicker then pitched in the minor leagues from 1907 to 1909 before retiring.
References
External links
1878 births
1955 deaths
Major League Baseball pitchers
Baseball players from Indiana
St. Louis Cardinals players
Chicago Cubs players
Cincinnati Reds players
Dayton Veterans players
Columbus Senators players
Mattoon Indians players
Montreal Royals players
Spokane Indians managers
Spokane Indians players
Sportspeople from Evanston, Illinois
Indiana Hoosiers baseball coaches
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26735290
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred%20Haeseker
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Fred Haeseker
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Fred Haeseker was the film critic and entertainment writer at the Calgary Herald from 1979 until 1999. During this time he wrote hundreds or reviews on current releases as well as news about the local filmmaking scene in Calgary; including articles on the first efforts of director David Winning. Haeseker's reviews were included in the essay Canada's Best Features: Critical Essays on 15 Canadian Films By Eugene P. Walz.
References
External links
Artistic and Truly Canadian, written by Fred Haeseker, Calgary Herald, March 26, 1980
Look Out World, It's a Brady Bunch Movie, written by Fred Haeseker, Calgary Herald, February 16, 1995
Leon the Pig Farmer finds His Dream, written by Fred Haeseker, Calgary Herald, February 11, 1994
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Canadian film critics
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54570605
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aouf%20Abdul%20Rahman%20Youssef
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Aouf Abdul Rahman Youssef
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Aouf Abdul Rahman Youssef (born 24 November 1960) is an Iraqi sprinter. He competed in the men's 200 metres at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
References
1960 births
Living people
Athletes (track and field) at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Iraqi male sprinters
Olympic athletes of Iraq
Place of birth missing (living people)
Asian Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Asian Games silver medalists for Iraq
Athletes (track and field) at the 1982 Asian Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1986 Asian Games
Medalists at the 1982 Asian Games
Medalists at the 1986 Asian Games
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36116853
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community%20development%20district
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Community development district
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A community development district (CDD) is a local, special-purpose government framework authorized by Chapter 190 of the Florida Statutes as amended, and is an alternative to municipal incorporation for managing and financing infrastructure required to support development of a community.
History
Authority for CDDs was established by Florida's Uniform Community Development District Act of 1980. The legislation was considered a major advancement in managing growth efficiently and effectively.
Although CDDs provided a new mechanism for the financing and management of new communities, their operation was consistent with the regulations and procedures of local governments, including state ethics and financial disclosure laws for CDD supervisors. All meetings and records must comply with the Florida Sunshine Law, and an annual audit is also required.
As of 2012, Florida had over 600 CDDs with municipal bonds totalling $6.5 billion. Nearly three-quarters of them were established during the housing boom years between 2003 and 2008.
The developer makes payments to the CDD for all properties in the district that they own. As long as new homes were selling, they had the money to cover that expense. When the housing market crashed in 2008, property sales in CDDs plummeted, as did developer income. Many developers did not have cash reserves to cover more than a year of CDD payments, so they had no choice but to declare bankruptcy, and 168 CDDs have defaulted on municipal bonds valued at $5.1 billion.
Benefits
The theory behind CDDs holds that services and public facilities used by residents and landowners will be available early in the development process, and are controlled by those who use them, and are paid for by self-imposed assessments and fees.
Because the CDD is controlled by the landowners/residents, the decision of what services are offered and which facilities are constructed is up to the landowners/residents, not the developer. The cost of capital for CDDs is lower than that of the developer, saving money. Services can be bid out to private companies or provided by the CDD, and residents are not at the mercy of developer-owned enterprises.
Control
The CDD is controlled by a board of supervisors (BoS), five individuals elected by the landowners of the district. The board then elects one supervisor as chairperson, names a secretary and a treasurer who need not be board members, and hires a district manager, who will be responsible for daily operations of the CDD. After six years, the power must begin a transition from the landowners to the residents.
Power
A CDD is a legal entity that has the power and right to enter into contracts; to own both real and personal property; adopt by-laws, rules and regulations and orders; to sue and be sued; to obtain funds by borrowing; to issue bonds; and to impose assessments and levy taxes on property within the district.
These taxes and assessments pay the construction, operation and maintenance costs of certain public facilities and services of the district, and are set annually by the governing board of the CDD. They are itemized on the property tax statement, in addition to county and other local governmental taxes and assessments as provided for by law.
Facilities and services
Section 190.012 of the act limits the special powers of the CDD to a defined set of services and facilities:
Water management and control
Water supply, sewerage, and wastewater management
Bridges and culverts
District roads and street lights
Public transportation including buses, trolleys, transit shelters, rideshareing facilities and services, parking infrastructure and related signage
Investigation and remediation of environmental contamination
Conservation areas, parks and recreational facilities
Fire prevention and control
School buildings and related structures
Security, but not the exercise of any police power
Waste collection & disposal
Mosquito control
Criticism
The CDD framework in the first six years allows developers to control the decision-making process because they are the primary property owner, and one vote is allocated for each acre (0.4 hectare) owned in the district. The developer can elect supervisors who are their employees, associates or friends, who then can make decisions for the benefit of the developer.
Until the residents own property greater than 33% of total votes, they may not have a single representative on the BoS. Only when the residents own property greater than 50% of total votes will they have an opportunity to outvote the supervisors chosen by the developer.
While the developer controls the BoS, the developer may direct the board to purchase the common property from the developer at values determined by special appraisers, who use an income approach appraisal method, which tends to give higher valuations than a cost approach. The district manager, hired by the BoS, may administrate for the interests of the developer rather than the residents.
In January 2008, the Villages Center CDD (VCCDD) was notified by the Internal Revenue Service of the IRS' intent to audit several recreational bonds issued in 2003 to determine compliance with tax regulations (mainly due to their status as municipal bonds which are exempt from Federal income tax). The IRS sent three "Notices of Proposed Issues" in January 2009, challenging the tax-exempt status of the bonds on three grounds:
the Issuer does not qualify as a political subdivision or "on behalf of the issuer" of tax-exempt bonds pursuant to Section 1.103-I(b) of the Internal Revenue Code regulations,
the opinions of value do not support the price paid by the Issuer to the developer for the Series 2003 Facilities and the payment of the sales price for the facilities to the developer by the Issuer is not a governmental use of the proceeds of the Bonds, and
the Bonds are private activity bonds the interest on which is not excludable under IRS Section 103.
The position stems in large part from the interrelationship between VCCDD and The Villages developers (since VCCDD has no residents, the Board of Supervisors consists solely of individuals who work for or have an affiliation with The Villages developers, and VCCDD's infrastructure was purchased by the developers-controlled board from the developers). Essentially, the IRS position is that the VCCDD is an "alter ego" for the developers.
References
External links
Florida Statutes Chapter 190
Local government in Florida
Florida statutes
Florida
Special districts of Florida
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomasz%20Urbanowicz
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Tomasz Urbanowicz
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Tomasz Urbanowicz (born 1959 in Wrocław, Poland) is an architect and a designer of architectural glass art.
Biography
Tomasz Urbanowicz graduated at the Faculty of Architecture of the Wrocław University of Technology (1978–85). He took glass-window studies at the Fine Arts Academy of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland (1982–85) and worked as an assistant in the Painting and Sculpture Establishment at the Architecture Department of Wrocław Institute. In 1987, together with his wife, architect Beata Urbanowicz, he established his own studio, Archiglass, focused on creating architectural glass art. In 2016, Tomasz Urbanowicz was awarded the Honorable Graduate Award by Wrocław University of Technology.
His glassworks were featured in 'Colours of Architecture' by Andrew Moor (London, 2006), 'Contemporary Kiln-formed Glass' by Keith Cummings ( London / Philadelphia 2009) and 'Szkło we Współczesnej Architekturze' by Ewa Wala.
Urbanowicz's artworks took part in World Fairs EXPO three times representing Poland; at EXPO 2000 in Hanover, Germany - as part of the presentation of Lower Silesia; at EXPO 2005 in Aichi, Japan, where his glass composition ‘the Soul of the Piano’ was the main artefact in the Polish Pavilion, designed by prof. Krzysztof Ingarden, and at EXPO 2008 in Zaragoza, Spain, where his composition ‘Poland - Wind in the Sails’ was part of the national presentation.
Architectural glass art composition by Tomasz Urbanowicz can also be found in many places around the world: the glass orb ‘The United Earth’ is a central artistic element on European Parliament building agora in Strasbourg, France; the glass rainbow ‘Larc en ciel’ decorates G. Brassens College in Paris, France; green glass castings enlight the lobby of the Holsten Brewery Headquarters in Hamburg, Germany; and the composition ‘Blue Sunset in the Ocean’ cruises around the world on one of the world's biggest ocean liners Queen Mary 2.
One of the artist's works is a complex architectural glass composition with diverse musical notations in the foyer of the newly built Podlasie Opera and Philharmonic building in Białystok, Poland.
In 2014, Urbanowicz's glass art works from the 'GlassHenge' series were exhibited at the Wrocław Airport.
In the years 2018-2019 Tomasz Urbanowicz together with prof. Przemysław Tyszkiewicz developed a new own technique to consolidate graphics in glass art. They created several joint works called 'Corsydians' series, exhibited among others at the collective exhibition "Para.Ceramics.Prints' in Oblastni galerie in Liberec or the collective exhibition "Robinson's Ship" organized by the City Gallery and Museum of Architecture in Wrocław.
The latest realizations of large-scale architectural glass art, made by Tomasz Urbanowicz in cooperation with his son, arch. Konrad Urbanowicz, include the composition "The Spirit of Health" at the Integrative Medical Center Clinic in Żerniki Wrocławskie and the glass art EGG - concierge desk in the baroque interior of the historic Main Building of the University of Wrocław.
Selected projects
2019 - Glass Art EGG, Concierge Desk, Main Building, University of Wrocław
2018 - 'The Spirit of Health', Glass Compositions, IMC Integrative Medical Center Clinic, Żerniki Wrocławskie
2015 - Artistic Glass Panels in Main Hall and Chapel, T. Marciniak Lower Silesian Specialist Hospital, Wrocław
2015 - Glass Waterfalls Facade, Ultranet Office Building, Wrocław
2015 - Artistic Glasing, Senate Hall, University of Economics in Katowice
2014 - Artistic Glass Balustrade, 'ODRA' European Cooperation Center, Oława
2013 - Glass Sculpture 'Big Bang', Campus of the University in Białystok
2012 - Architectural Glass Art – columns, capitals, walls, panels - interior & exterior, Podlasie Opera and Philharmonic, Białystok
2011 - 'Baroque glasses', Main Building, University of Wrocław
2011 - Glass & Stone Compositions, Muzeum Karkonoskie, Jelenia Góra
2010 - 'Silver Meteorites', Glass & Stone Compositions, Optical fiber backlit, Swimming Pool, Srebrna Góra
2010 - 'Catamaran Sails', Glass Compositions, Optical fiber backlit, Swimming Pool in 'Catamaran House', Chyby
2010 - Artistic Glass Panels, Słoneczne Termy, Wielka Pieniawa, Polanica Zdrój
2010 - First Psalm on Curved Artistic Glasses, Church St. Józef, Przedbórz
2010 - Glass Facade, Justin Center, Wrocław
2010 - Architectural Glass Art Panels, Restaurant 'Pod Złotym Głogiem', Market Square, Głogów
2008 - Glass Sculpture 'Wind in the Sails', EXPO 2008 Zaragoza, Spain
2008 - 'Kudowater', A three-story-high Glass Art Composition, Sanatorium 'Zameczek', Kudowa Zdrój
2008 - Architectural Glass Art Panels, Centuria Wellness & Spa Hotel, Ogrodzieniec
2008 - Glass Art Cross and Artistic Glasing, Church of the Savior of the Evangelical-Augsburg Parish, Działdowo
2008 - Parisian Motifs in Glass Art Panels, 'Bistro de Paris' Restaurant, Warsaw
2006 - 'Angel', Polish Institute in Prague, Czech Republic
2006 - Electric Glass Art Compositions, Science and Research Center, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology
2005 - Glass Sculpture 'The Soul of the Piano', EXPO 2005 Aichi, Japan
2004 - Artistic Glass Panels, University's Chapel, Faculty of Theology, University of Silesia in Katowice
2004 - Glass Sphere 'United Earth', European Parliament, Strasbourg, France
2003 - Curved Glass Composition 'Blue Sunset in the Ocean', 10th Deck, Transatlantic RMS Queen Mary II
2001 - Featured Glass Wall Composition, Museum of Architecture, Wrocław
2000 - Architectural Glass Art, The Palace in Opypy
2000 - Glass Compositions 'Brewing Process', Holsten Brewery, Hamburg, Germany
2000 - 'Bear', Glass Sculpture, EXPO 2000 Hanover, Germany
2000 - Glass & Brass Portal, 'Under the Blue Sun' Passage, Rynek, Wrocław
1999 - Glass Eagle Compositions, Supreme Court, Warsaw
1999 - 'Hope', Glass Art Cross, Evangelical-Augsburg Parish of God's Providence, Wrocław
1996 - Silver-inspired Glass Composition, 'Muse' Cultural Center, Lubin
1995 - Glass Rainbow Sculpture, Bank Pekao S.A., Lubin
1993 - Glass Rainbow Composition, College George Brassens, Paris, France
Selected national and international exhibitions
2019 - 'Robinsons's Ship', Collective Exhibition, The City Gallery and Museum of Architecture, Wrocław
2018-2019 - 'Para.Ceramics.Graphics', The Eugeniusz Geppert Academy of Arts and Design Collective Exhibition (host/guest), Oblastni Galerie, Liberec, Czech Republic
2018 - 'Long Night of Museums', Archiglass Gallery 'Szopa Jazowa', Wrocław
2017-2018 - „Glasstosteron”, Collective Exhibition (Andrzej Kucharski, Marcin Litwa, Mariusz Łabiński, Wojciech Olech, Kazimierz Pawlak, Wojciech Peszko, Janusz Robaszewski, Czesław Roszkowski, Stanisław Sobota, Grzegorz Staniszewski, Tomasz Urbanowicz, Ryszard Więckowski, Igor Wójcik, Maciej Zaborski)
Książ Castle, March - April 2017
The City Art Gallery, Łódź, April – May 2017
Glass Heritage Centre, Krosno, June – August 2017
Glass and Ceramics Cenre, Cracow, September – November 2017
WINDA Gallery of Contermporary Art, Kielce, January – February 2018
2016 - 'Glass and Ceramics - Sensual Areas', European Capital of Culture, City Arsenal, Wrocław
2016 - Glaskunst Exhibition, Cannenburgh Castle, Vaassen, Netherlands
2016 - Festival dell' Arte, Wojanów Palace
2014 - 'Painted with Glass', Contemporary Arts Gallery, Ostrów Wielkopolski
2014 - 'GlassHenge', Wrocław Airport
2014 - Festival dell' Arte, Pakoszów Palace
2013 - Festival dell' Arte, Wojanów Palace
2013 - Glaskunst Exhibition, Cannenburgh Castle, Vaassen, Netherlands
2012 - Festival dell' Arte, Wojanów Palace
2008 - EXPO Zaragoza, Glass Sculpture 'Wind in the Sails' in the Polish Pavillion, Spain
2006 - 'Tomasz Urbanowicz, Szkło | Glass', The City Gallery 'Arsenal', Poznań
2005 - EXPO 2005 Aichi, Glass Sculpture 'The Soul of the Piano' in the Polish Pavillion, Japan,
2003 - Polish Embassy Gardens, Prague, Czech Republic
2000 - EXPO 2000 Hanover, Germany
1999 - 'URBANOWICZ-SZKŁO | -GLASS', Museum of Architecture, Wrocław
References
External links
Official website
Glass artists
Contemporary sculptors
Polish contemporary artists
Artists from Wrocław
Architects from Wrocław
Living people
1959 births
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575732
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West%20Compton
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West Compton
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West Compton can refer to:
West Compton, California, USA
West Compton, Dorset, England
West Compton, Somerset, England
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36222391
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dowlatabad%2C%20Dargaz
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Dowlatabad, Dargaz
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Dowlatabad (, also Romanized as Dowlatābād) is a village in Zangelanlu Rural District, Lotfabad District, Dargaz County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 437, in 102 families.
References
Populated places in Dargaz County
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60611265
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimme%20%28Banks%20song%29
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Gimme (Banks song)
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"Gimme" is a song by American singer and songwriter Banks from her third studio album, III (2019). It was released as the album's lead single on April 29, 2019, and debuted on Zane Lowe's Beats 1 radio show. The electro-R&B song was written by Banks and Josiah Sherman and produced by Hudson Mohawke, Kito, and BJ Burton.
Composition
"Gimme" is a "heavily electronic" pop and electro-R&B song that was written by Banks and Josiah Sherman and produced by Hudson Mohawke, Kito, and BJ Burton. It was written in the key of D minor, "Gimme" has a tempo of 120 beats per minute. The song's production is made of funky beats and ethereal vocals with an aggressive distorted track, bouncing keyboards and pitched vocals. According to Banks, "Gimme" is about getting what you want. It’s about knowing what you deserve, saying it out loud, and demanding it with no apologies.
Music video
The music video for "Gimme" was directed by Matty Peacock and published on May 23, 2019, on Banks' Vevo channel. The video begins with Banks alone in the dark with a multicolored laser light that pulsates to the song's melody in a pyramid form. She starts playing a choreography while one beam is pointing directly downwards. Eventually she is joined by other dancers as the light starts growing more numerous.
Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of III.
Recording
Engineered at The Healthfarm, Westlake Recording Studios (West Hollywood, California) and Panther Palace (Burbank, California)
Mixed at Conway Recording Studios (Los Angeles, California) and Electric Lady Studios (New York City, New York)
Mastered at HM Mastering (Minneapolis, Minnesota)
Personnel
Banks – vocals
Hudson Mohawke – production, engineering, synthesizers, drum programming
Kito – co-production
BJ Burton – additional production, engineering, drum programming, synthesizers, arrangement
Ross Birchard – engineering
Buddy Ross – engineering
Tom Elmhirst – mixing
Brandon Bost – engineering for mix
Huntley Miller – mastering
Charts
Release history
References
2019 singles
2019 songs
Banks (singer) songs
Harvest Records singles
Songs written by Banks (singer)
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39918624
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribes%20sanchezii
|
Ribes sanchezii
|
Ribes sanchezii is a species of currant, named after Peruvian botanist Isidoro Sánchez Vega of Cajamarca. This species of Ribes is distinct form both R. andicola and R. colandina because of its ovate to elliptical leaves with a very poorly developed lateral lobe and its aberrant indument. The two latter species have leaves with pubescence on both the adaxial and abaxial surface and the adaxial leaf surface is matt green, whereas R. sanchezii has a shiny dark green upper leaf surface and pubescence abaxially restricted to the primary and secondary veins. Ribes sanchezii also has strongly resupinate fruits, whereas the fruits of R. andicola and R. colandina are pendulous.
Description
It is a dioecious shrub, approximately tall; its shoots and adaxial leaf surfaces being sparsely pubescent to glabrous. Its petioles are moderately pubescent; its trichomes approximately long. Its petiole is long and 1mm wide. Its inflorescences are terminal on short lateral shoots (brachyblasts); its racemes are pendent, while the peduncle is and densely pubescent with numerous simple hairs that are 1 mm long. Its pedicels are approximately 1mm long and apart in open flowers. The flowers are narrowly cyathiform, while the calyx and corolla are a dark red colour, x 5mm and covered with simple hairs long. The fruit strongly resupinate.
Distribution
La Libertad. It replaces widespread R. colandina on the eastern slopes of the Cordillera Oriental and forms dense stands at the upper limit of the cloud forest at the Abra CallaCalla, where it is one of the most abundant shrub species.
References
External links
NGBR Herbarium Specimen
sanchezii
Flora of Peru
Plants described in 2005
Dioecious plants
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59679294
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celetrum
|
Celetrum
|
Celetrum or Keletron () was a town of Orestis region in Upper Macedonia (today: Western Macedonia, Greece), situated on a peninsula which is surrounded by the waters of a lake, and has only a single entrance over a narrow isthmus which connects it with the continent. Celetrum has been identified with the Celaenidium or Kelainidion (Κελαινίδιον) of Hierocles. The town also bore the name of Justinianopolis or Ioustinianoupolis (Ἰουστινιανούπολις).
In the first campaign of the Romans in the Second Macedonian War, in 200 BCE, the consul Sulpicius, after having invested this place, which submitted to him, returned to Dassaretia, and from thence regained Apollonia, the place from which he had departed on this expedition. The position is so remarkable that there is no difficulty in identifying it with the modern town of Kastoria. The lake, which bears the same name, is about six miles long and four broad (10 by 6 km). The peninsula is nearly four miles (6 km) in circumference, and the outer point is not far from the centre of the lake. The later fortification of Kastoria consists only of a wall across the western extremity of the isthmus, which was built in the time of the Byzantine Empire, and has a wet ditch, making the peninsula an island. In the middle of the wall stands a square tower, through which was the only entrance to the town. The ruins of a parallel wall flanked with round towers, which in Byzantine times crossed the peninsula from shore to shore, excluding all the east part of it, in the 19th century divided the Greek and Turkish quarters of the town.
The site of Celetrum is in the modern city of Kastoria.
References
Populated places in ancient Macedonia
Former populated places in Greece
Orestis (region)
Kastoria
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66761073
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orsi%C3%A8res%20railway%20station
|
Orsières railway station
|
Orsières railway station () is a railway station in the municipality of Orsières, in the Swiss canton of Valais. It is the southern terminus of the standard gauge Martigny–Orsières line of Transports de Martigny et Régions. It is the southernmost station on the Swiss side of the Great St Bernard Pass; bus services connect it with in Italy.
Services
the following services stop at Orsières:
Regio: hourly service to .
References
External links
Railway stations in the canton of Valais
Transports de Martigny et Régions stations
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13853336
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor%20Gialanella
|
Victor Gialanella
|
Victor Gialanella (born October 29, 1949) is an American television soap opera writer. Besides his work in daytime, he wrote the Broadway play Frankenstein in 1981, and served as a story editor for Wavelength in 1997.
Positions held
Days of Our Lives (hired by James E. Reilly)
Breakdown Writer (1997 - June 19, 2006; February 9, 2012 – August 16, 2012)
Script Editor/Writer (July 1, 2008 - October 10, 2008)
Co-Head Writer (April 23, 2008 - June 30, 2008)
Script Writer (1995-1996)
General Hospital
Script Writer (1989)
Guiding Light
Script Writer: 1986 - 1987
One Life to Live
Associate Head Writer: July 20, 2006 - December 18, 2007
Awards and nominations
Daytime Emmy Award
Nomination, 1997-1999, Best Writing, Days of our Lives
Win, 1986, Best Writing, Guiding Light
Writers Guild of America Award
Nomination, 2001, Best Writing, Days of our Lives
Win, 1999, Best Writing, Days of our Lives
External links
Observer-Reporter
American soap opera writers
American male television writers
Writers Guild of America Award winners
1949 births
Living people
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64396564
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1927%20Bowling%20Green%20Falcons%20football%20team
|
1927 Bowling Green Falcons football team
|
The 1927 Bowling Green Falcons football team was an American football team that represented Bowling Green State Normal School (later Bowling Green State University) as a member of the Northwest Ohio League (NOL) during the 1927 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach Warren Steller, the team compiled a 5–1–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 52 to 14. Ora Knecht was the team captain.
Schedule
References
Bowling Green
Bowling Green Falcons football seasons
Bowling Green Falcons football
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