corpusid
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255M
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dict | abstract
stringlengths 1
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24
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46,160,356 |
{
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"DOI": "10.1093/EE/18.1.24",
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|
The oral toxicity of the Penicillium mycotoxins, alone and in combination, to Heliothis zea (Boddie) and Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) at naturally occurring levels was evaluated. Ochratoxin A and citrinin were the most toxic alone to both insect species and caused abnormalities in the Malpighian tubules. The combination of ochratoxin A and penicillic acid was synergistically most toxic to H. zea , whereas the combination of ochratoxin A and citrinin was synergistically most toxic to S. frugiperda . The production of frequently found combinations of mycotoxins by Penicillium fungi likely to be encountered by these insects is discussed in relation to the results obtained.
|
2022-09-16T08:15:08.437Z
|
84,861,796 |
{
"externalids": {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1525/cond.2009.080048",
"MAG": "2085184553",
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},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://academic.oup.com/condor/article-pdf/111/3/575/26964567/condor0575.pdf"
}
|
Abstract.
A previous phylogeny of New World orioles (Icterus) suggested a possible example of island-to-mainland colonization. Using two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome b and ND2), that study showed that 43 of the recognized species/ subspecies are divided into three clades (A, B, C). Because of a lack of fresh tissue, however, two key taxa—the South American Orange-crowned Oriole (I. auricapillus) and the Caribbean Hispaniola Oriole (I. dominicensis dominicensis)—were missing from that analysis. To complete the phylogeny, we sequenced both genes for these taxa and reconstructed a well-supported phylogeny via parsimony and maximum-likelihood analyses. The addition of I. d. dominicensis to the phylogeny confirms that the Greater Antillean Oriole (I. dominicensis) is polyphyletic, and taxonomic revision of this species complex is warranted. Also, the placement of I. auricapillus and I. d. dominicensis within clade A has important implications for biogeography. The revised phylogeny implies that clade A orioles colonized mainland South America from Caribbean islands. Orioles thus provide a striking example of reverse colonization that contradicts the traditional assumption in island biogeography of mainland-to-island colonization.
|
2022-10-28T01:00:32.642Z
|
246,070,204 |
{
"externalids": {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.4103/njcp.njcp_468_20",
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|
Background: The disaster situations call upon the effective and speedy response from the nurses. The link to self-perceived competence in disaster preparedness remains unclear, although there is strong support for competence in nursing practice to ensure safe patient care. Aims: The study aims to evaluate the self-perceived competence and familiarity of nurses at personal and professional levels concerning disaster preparedness. Cross-sectional exploratory design was employed. A sample of 350 nurses from five government hospitals in Medina was surveyed using an emergency preparedness information questionnaire. Patients and Methods: IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) for Windows, Version 21.0, was used for analyzing the data. Results: Nurses perceived inadequate preparation for emergencies. The unit area had no impact on their self-perceived competence and familiarity. Conclusions: Female nurses, non-Saudi staff, and years of work experience were perceived to increase nurse competence in disaster preparedness. The managers can create activities to enable nurses to learn and view their disaster preparedness concerns.
|
2022-11-23T17:16:09.106Z
|
6,109,055 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.04930",
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|
See related article, pp 849–854
Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is considered the most reliable currently available means of differentiating unilateral from bilateral forms of primary aldosteronism (PA),1–4 and thereby guiding appropriate management (usually unilateral adrenalectomy for unilateral forms and medication with drugs that antagonize aldosterone action for bilateral forms). This is a critical step in the diagnostic workup of PA because (1) blood pressure responses to unilateral adrenalectomy in patients with unilateral forms are far superior to those in patients with bilateral forms in which, in one study of highly selected patients,5 a hypertension cure rate of only 15% was seen and was primarily restricted to those with mild hypertension preoperatively (compared with reported cure rates of 50%–80% for patients with unilateral PA6–8) and (2) at least in terms of ongoing antihypertensive medication requirements and quality of life, clinical responses to unilateral adrenalectomy in patients with unilateral PA are also superior to those in patients with bilateral PA treated medically.8,9
In this edition of Hypertension , Lethielleux et al10 present a retrospective analysis of AVS results from 537 procedures performed in a single center in Paris on patients with PA, in which they compared rates of (1) cannulation success, as assessed by adrenal/peripheral venous cortisol gradients and of (2) lateralization, assessed by comparison of right and left adrenal venous (plus or minus peripheral venous) aldosterone/cortisol ratios, when variably defined according to 4 different sets of diagnostic criteria in current use (in Padua, Turin, Paris, and Brisbane) plus 1 advocated in a recent consensus statement.4 These sets of criteria varied …
|
2022-12-14T22:15:31.486Z
|
16,381,457 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2495/AI980411",
"MAG": "166746928",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
This paper presents a new methodology for fault diagnosis, based on the natural hierarchy of components and sub-components in electrical and/or mechanical systems. In the first section, the advantages of hierarchically decomposing learning tasks are discussed. In the second section, the author’s fault diagnosis system, DE/ IFT, is introduced. The underlying algorithm, the training cycle and the operation of DE/IFT are then discussed. In the third section, the hierarchical methodology for fault diagnosis is presented. In the section following, Hierarchical Condition Description files are introduced and the details of implementing hierarchical fault diagnosis within DE/IFT are explained. Next, an example application is discussed. Results of hierarchical fault diagnosis are presented. These are compared with equivalent results from a non-hierarchical analysis of the same system. Finally, at the end of the paper conclusions are drawn.
|
2022-12-23T21:37:26.059Z
|
71,578,997 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/J.1755-3768.2011.2451.X",
"MAG": "1998305581",
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"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
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|
New technologies have provided the ophthalmologists with fascinating techniques to evaluating structure and function in glaucoma. Within a couple of minutes we can now obtain very sophisticated mappings, curves, indices, relations etc. The yield of these techniques in the screening, the diagnosis and the follow‐up of ocular hypertensive and glaucoma patients is invaluable. However as doctors we cannot forget the basis of a medical examination. Like the stethoscope for general practitioners and cardiologists, the slit‐lamp is a key step of the examination for ocular diseases by ophthalmologists. This course is designed for young ophthalmologists and we will give a check list to help them in the slit‐lamp examination from the lids to the optic nerve head. This rapid and systematic approach will help them to improve their daily clinical practice in glaucoma.
|
2022-02-11T10:42:28.899Z
|
251,931,853 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1002/adhm.202201360",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "CLOSED",
"url": null
}
|
Biomedical devices are prone to blood clot formation (thrombosis), and liquid‐infused surfaces (LIS) are effective in reducing the thrombotic response. However, the mechanisms that underpin this performance, and in particular the role of the lubricant, are not well understood. In this work, it is investigated whether the mechanism of LIS action is related to i) inhibition of factor XII (FXII) activation and the contact pathway; ii) reduced fibrin density of clots formed on surfaces; iii) increased mobility of proteins or cells on the surface due to the interfacial flow of the lubricant. The chosen LIS is covalently tethered, nanostructured layers of perfluorocarbons, infused with thin films of medical‐grade perfluorodecalin (tethered‐liquid perfluorocarbon), prepared with chemical vapor deposition previously optimized to retain lubricant under flow. Results show that in the absence of external flow, interfacial mobility is inherently higher at the liquid–blood interface, making it a key contributor to the low thrombogenicity of LIS, as FXII activity and fibrin density are equivalent at the interface. The findings of this study advance the understanding of the anti‐thrombotic behavior of LIS‐coated biomedical devices for future coating design. More broadly, enhanced interfacial mobility may be an important, underexplored mechanism for the anti‐fouling behavior of surface coatings.
|
2022-12-09T15:31:27.100Z
|
226,449,008 |
{
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"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.4067/s0071-17132020000100007",
"MAG": "3047722388",
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},
"license": "CCBYNC",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://scielo.conicyt.cl/pdf/efilolo/n65/0717-6171-efilolo-65-7.pdf"
}
|
El artículo propone una lectura a la luz de las artes predicativas de la crónica La Restauración de La Imperial y conversión de las almas infieles (h. 1693) del fraile mercedario criollo Juan de Barrenechea y Albis. Postulamos que el texto se configura desde los preceptos del discurso eclesiástico y, en particular, del sermón como género especialmente significativo en las llamadas crónicas de Indias. Para abordar la deuda de la escritura de Barrenechea y Albis con la retórica predicativa analizaremos principalmente la instrumentalización del exemplum como arma de persuasión; por otra parte, proponemos que el uso de la retórica predicativa no solo está al servicio de objetivos espirituales, sino que se relaciona con la exposición de una visión polémica sobre la Guerra de Arauco y con la participación de discusiones políticas y teóricas que le son contemporáneas.
|
2022-12-16T09:51:11.740Z
|
39,977,333 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1128/JCM.00151-13",
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"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
ABSTRACT The Xpert MTB/RIF assay is a rapid and fully automated real-time PCR assay. The performance of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay as a primary screening test for urgent clinical specimens was evaluated during a 2-year period. The results showed that replacing smear microscopy with the Xpert MTB/RIF assay facilitates laboratory handling and improves the sensitivity and specificity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis detection.
|
2022-12-18T10:08:32.357Z
|
29,920,924 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1080/00039896.1981.10667618",
"MAG": "2141554775",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Three groups of Copenhagen municipality male employees-77 sewer workers, 81 gardeners, and 79 clerks-matched for age and duration of employment, were studied for clinical and serological evidence of infection with viral hepatitis types A and B and pathogenic leptospires. "Antibody against hepatitis A virus" (anti-HAV) was found significantly more often among sewer workers (80.5%), than among gardeners (60.5%) or clerks (48.1%). The anti-HAV prevalence rates correlated with age rather than duration of employment. Of all the 11 cases of jaundice reported, only 3 cases (sewer workers) occurred while employed for the city. One case of the 11 resulted from leptospirosis. Anti-HAV was detected in the other 10 subjects and was assumed to be of etiological importance. Hepatitis B serological markers were similar in each group. It is concluded that exposure to metropolitan sewage provides a limited risk of enteric infections, such as hepatitis A, while the hepatitis B virus apparently is not successfully transmitted by this route.
|
2022-12-23T22:19:27.140Z
|
4,224,780 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1126/science.aam5655",
"MAG": "2760381023",
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},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/232782/files/EPFL-ARTICLE-232782.pdf"
}
|
Transporter layers improve stability Although perovskite solar cells can have power conversion efficiencies exceeding 20%, they can have limited thermal and ultraviolet irradiation stability. This is in part because of the materials used to extract the charge carriers (electrons and holes) from the active layer. Arora et al. replaced organic hole transporter layers with CuCSN to improve thermal stability. Device lifetime was enhanced when a conducting reduced graphene oxide spacer was added between the CuSCN layer and the gold electrode. Science, this issue p. 768 Thin CuSCN films can replace organic hole-transporting layers that limit thermal stability of devices. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with efficiencies greater than 20% have been realized only with expensive organic hole-transporting materials. We demonstrate PSCs that achieve stabilized efficiencies exceeding 20% with copper(I) thiocyanate (CuSCN) as the hole extraction layer. A fast solvent removal method enabled the creation of compact, highly conformal CuSCN layers that facilitate rapid carrier extraction and collection. The PSCs showed high thermal stability under long-term heating, although their operational stability was poor. This instability originated from potential-induced degradation of the CuSCN/Au contact. The addition of a conductive reduced graphene oxide spacer layer between CuSCN and gold allowed PSCs to retain >95% of their initial efficiency after aging at a maximum power point for 1000 hours under full solar intensity at 60°C. Under both continuous full-sun illumination and thermal stress, CuSCN-based devices surpassed the stability of spiro-OMeTAD–based PSCs.
|
2022-12-24T17:26:59.774Z
|
42,762,306 |
{
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"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1039/B515623H",
"MAG": "2119547517",
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"license": null,
"status": null,
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}
|
A series of auxiliary basis sets to fit Coulomb potentials for the elements H to Rn (except lanthanides) is presented. For each element only one auxiliary basis set is needed to approximate Coulomb energies in conjunction with orbital basis sets of split valence, triple zeta valence and quadruple zeta valence quality with errors of typically below ca. 0.15 kJ mol(-1) per atom; this was demonstrated in conjunction with the recently developed orbital basis sets of types def2-SV(P), def2-TZVP and def2-QZVPP for a large set of small molecules representing (nearly) each element in all of its common oxidation states. These auxiliary bases are slightly more than three times larger than orbital bases of split valence quality. Compared to non-approximated treatments, computation times for the Coulomb part are reduced by a factor of ca. 8 for def2-SV(P) orbital bases, ca. 25 for def2-TZVP and ca. 100 for def2-QZVPP orbital bases.
|
2023-01-01T19:34:51.582Z
|
122,500,848 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1121/1.4787959",
"MAG": "2077696091",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
A microphone array system applied to the automatic structuring of meeting recordings is introduced. First, speakers in a meeting are identified at every time block (0.25 s) by sound localization using a microphone array, and then the speech events are extracted (structuring). Next, overlaps and insertions of speech events such as ‘‘Uh‐huh,’’ which greatly reduce the performance of the automatic speech recognition, are separated out. The difficulty in eliminating overlaps and insertions is that the overlapping sections are sometimes very short, and data sufficiently long for conventional separation techniques, such as independent component analysis, cannot be obtained. In this system, a maximum‐likelihood beamformer is modified so that all the information necessary for constructing the separation filter, such as speaker location and spatial characteristics of noise, are estimated from the recorded data based he structuring information. Evaluation of the performance of the speech event separation by automat...
|
2022-02-09T19:08:43.939Z
|
11,160,810 |
{
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"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1136/BMJ.4.5685.741-B",
"MAG": "2061262112",
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"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
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|
In Front of the Public C. C. Crampton, F.F.A. R.C.S. ...............741 Penicillin in Poultry Feed Naomi Datta, M.D . .................... 741 Brucellosis Still Spreading A. E. Wright, M.C.PATH.; J. Reynolds, D.P.H. .. .741. 744 Freezing and Antilymphocytic Globulin W. J. Dempster, F.R.C.S . ................742 High Optical Density of Liquor Amnii C. R. Whitfield, F.R.C.O.G ..................742 Adequacy of Man E. R. C. Walker, F.R.C.P.ED . ..................742 Rhesus Sensitization and Abortion C. A. Clarke, F.R.C.P., and P. M. Sheppard, D.PHIL. ......................................... 743 Oral Contraceptives Containing Oestrogens E. F. Scowen, F.R.C.P . ........................744 Value of Osteopathy P. Jacobs, M.R.C.P.; A. Stoddard, D.PHYS.MED. ....................................744 Tracheal Intubation C. L. Hewer, F.F.A. R.C.S .....................744 Feto-maternal Bleeding and Hypertension in Pregnancy K. D. Salzmann, M.D. .......................744 Fluid Therapy during Surgery P. J. Horsey, F.F.A. R.C.S . .....................745 Representative System for Hospital Junior Doctors A. C. D. Brown, M.B.........................745 Equality: Nothing for Everyone ? A. V. Russell, M.B . ..............................745 Post-registration Training of General Practitioners A. Cavendish, F.R.C.S. ........................745 Specialist Registers D. J. Hudson, M.B . ....................746 The Consultant's Job J. W. Betts, F.R.C.S.; M. D. Carvel, M.B. 746 G.M.C.'s Retention Fee W. D. Park, F.R.C.S.; C. G. Eastwood, M.D. ......................... 746 G.P. Remuneration in N. Ireland W. B. Jamison, M.B . ..................747 Plight of Commonwealth Graduates in U.K. P. W. Hutton, F.R.C.P. ...................747 Pensions and Superannuation , A. A. Graham, M.B . ....................747 Christmas Gifts Fund Appeal G. H. Bateman, F.R.C.S . .................747
|
2022-07-08T06:31:47.157Z
|
72,244,882 |
{
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"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2335/SCS.31.187",
"MAG": "2044310301",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage during pregnancy is rare but is thought to be important clinically, because it might become a cause of maternal mortality. SAH from an intracranial aneurysm that has ruptured during pregnancy poses a number of questions both with respect to treatment of the aneurysm and the management of delivery. Increasing interest in these questions prompted this review, which is based on a survey of the literature. We analyzed 5 experienced cases of ruptured aneurysms in pregnancy retrospectively. SAH from an aneurysm in the 5 cases occurred during the following weeks of pregnancy: 10 weeks, 1; 32–34 weeks, 4. Among the 5 patients, there were 5 ruptured aneurysms that arose from the following arteries: internal carotid, 2; middle cerebral, 2; anterior communicating, 1. Two patients underwent delivery of fetus by cesarean section followed by aneurysmal clipping. Three patients underwent aneurysm surgery prior to cesarean section. There was no significant morbidity or mortality in the mother and fetus except 1 case who was in severe condition because of SAH. One fetus was terminated medically because SAH occurred in the early stage of pregnancy. In general, pregnant patients with ruptured aneurysms should be treated in the same fashion as those who are not pregnant, and the aneurysm should be obliterated soon after diagnosis. But if the patient’s neurological grading is poor, and if aneurysm surgery is determined to be too difficult, ruptured aneurysms should be treated after cesarean section.
|
2022-08-30T03:30:00.200Z
|
158,333,365 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1177/0972150918788740",
"MAG": "2888579913",
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"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The present study is an attempt to assess the ‘probability of incurring loss’ of manufacturing firms in India during different phases of business cycles. We use data on a sample of 87 manufacturing companies for the period from 2002 to 2014 (comprising 1131 firm years). We use the panel logit model with the dependent variable derived from the return on assets to empirically test the hypothesis. Besides, we use firm-specific variables and macroeconomic variables as independent variables in the model. Firm-specific variables, namely size of the firm and interest coverage ratio and macroeconomic variables namely exchange rate, bank credit, inflation, interest rate and index of industrial production are statistically significant in predicting the probability of incurring loss of the firms during the study period. The results are important for investors, corporate houses, managers, lenders, policymakers and the research community as business cycles have a visible impact on all functional areas of an organization. Our study assumes significance because of the importance of macroeconomic variables in the strategic decision-making of the corporate sector in general and manufacturing firms in particular.
|
2022-09-18T16:39:48.364Z
|
25,257,537 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/MILCOM.2007.4454978",
"MAG": "2127878279",
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|
To address the quality of service issues in a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) for the diverse set of applications that are carried in the network, the US ARMY CERDEC PILSNER program utilizes a Congestion Control Agent (CCA) as the focal point to facilitate QoS control in a MANET. The main functionalities of CCA include monitoring the traffic loading and queue size status of a router, and based on the measurements, CCA controls the router behavior through dynamically resetting the Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) and Random Early Detection (RED) parameters. In this paper, we first describe the main functionalities of CCA, including (1) Dynamically computing the RED parameters¿by measuring the queue size statistics, RED parameters are dynamically adjusted based on the congestion status, such that TCP congestion window is appropriately controlled. (2) Dynamically computing the WFQ parameters¿WFQ parameters are adjusted according to the measured traffic loading for the traffic classes and precedence levels. The underlying algorithm is designed to satisfy the Multi-Level Precedence and Preemption (MLPP) requirement that is unique to military applications. We investigate the performance gain achieved by CCA using OPNET simulation. We show that CCA can manage the MLPP requirements and improve the user-perceived QoS measures like throughput and call success rate.
|
2022-12-17T06:38:10.321Z
|
22,673,178 |
{
"externalids": {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07239.x",
"MAG": "2111644529",
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"license": null,
"status": "CLOSED",
"url": null
}
|
J. Neurochem. (2011) 117, 703–711.
|
2022-12-23T02:12:17.875Z
|
13,821,628 |
{
"externalids": {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/SPCOM.2016.7746664",
"MAG": "2554142103",
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"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
In this paper, we present a hierarchical spatiotemporal blur-based approach to automatically detect contaminants on the camera lens. Contaminants adhering to camera lens corresponds to blur regions in digital image, as camera is focused on scene. We use kurtosis for a first level analysis to detect blur regions and filter them out. Next level of analysis computes lowpass energy and singular values to further validate blur regions. These analyses detect blur regions in an image efficiently and temporal consistency of blur is additionally incorporated to remove false detections. Once the presence of a contaminant is detected, we use an appearance-based classifier to categorize the type of contaminant on the lens. Our results are promising in terms of performance and latency when compared with state-of-the-art methods under a variety of real-world conditions.
|
2022-02-18T19:51:15.003Z
|
212,114,359 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.4103/0028-3886.279670",
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"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The odds ratio is another measure of the effect size of interventions or exposures, and also a measure of association between exposure and outcome in observational studies. Case‐control studies can express the strength of association between exposure and outcome only as odds ratio. Cohort studies and randomised trails can also express effects as odds ratio. Therefore, this note explains briefly what is the odds ratio.
|
2022-07-10T03:36:36.211Z
|
237,390,854 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.48048/wjst.2021.20601",
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},
"license": "CCBYNCND",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://wjst.wu.ac.th/index.php/wjst/article/download/20601/2182"
}
|
Natural laminar convective fluid flow has been simulated inside inclined rectangular cavities with and without internal heat generation for different aspect ratios and inclination angles. The most important basic dimensionless parameters for this problem are the external Rayleigh number (RaE) and the internal Rayleigh number (RaI), where RaE refers to the effects of the differential heating of the side walls and RaI refers to the amount of heat produced internally. Results were obtained for 4 cases with 192 tests: case (1), RaI = 0 without internal source generation, and cases (2, 3, and 4) with internal source generation for RaI = RaE, 10 RaE, and 100 RaE, respectively. In all cases, the parameters of study changed as 10 ≤ RaE ≤10, 0 ≤ RaI ≤ 10, inclination angle from 0 to 60 deg., and aspect ratios of the enclosure from 0.5 to 2. Results were represented graphically for flow and thermal fields as a streamline, isothermal contours, and Nusselt number. The computed results show that the strength of convection currents is measured by the internal energy. Finally, it is illustrated that by using a few grid points and a shorter CPU time for calculation, the present method can produce accurate numerical results. Also, increase in RRRRII leads to increasing heat transfer rate and its direction out from the cavity at both hot and cold walls. For lower values of RRRRII, heat transfer diffusion is more prominent, while for higher values of RRRRII, convection outweighs diffusion.
|
2022-12-07T22:48:01.139Z
|
85,651,855 |
{
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"DOI": "10.1111/j.1365-294X.1995.tb00277.x",
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|
Acorn woodpeckers have one of the most complex social systems of any bird species. Breeding units range in size from monogamous pairs to groups of 15 birds that include multiple breeding males and females as well as nonreproductive helpers‐at‐the‐nest. Groups form when young remain at their natal nest to help their parents breed or when single‐sex coalitions of siblings disperse to fill a reproductive vacancy on another territory. Plural breeding and helping behaviour are thought to be favoured through indirect fitness benefits for individuals that would otherwise be unable to breed due to a shortage of reproductive vacancies on territories with acorn stores. We report the results of multi‐locus DNA fingerprinting of 51 offspring from 18 nests of 16 socially monogamous pairs of acorn woodpeckers. If socially monogamous females mate outside the pair‐bond, indirect fitness benefits for cobreeders and helpers will be significantly reduced. Monogamous pairs accounted for all but one of the 51 offspring we tested; the single exception was apparently sired by the putative father, but the putative mother was excluded from maternity. Our results indicate that individuals remaining on their natal territories as helpers are generally the genetic offspring of the pair they help. They also suggest that single‐sex coalitions offspring dispersing together from nests of socially monogamous pairs will be full‐siblings.
|
2022-12-19T07:58:52.483Z
|
147,580,760 |
{
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"DOI": "10.2307/333121",
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|
A TEACHER of a foreign language group in the first grade was drilling on the days of the week and the words yesterday, today, and tomorrow. "Which day is today ?" she asked, and a confident voice replied, "Today is yesterday." It is precisely because this is true, and because tomorrow will be the result of our ideas and actions today, that the Federal Government is concerned with better international understanding. Assistance to language teaching is one of the important ways in which the Government seeks to foster better international understanding. Much thought has already gone into the drafting of a plan by which the nations of the world may hope to evolve a lasting peace. Within the next few months probably the machinery will have been assembled and set in motion. Will the people look upon it as spectators who feel no direct responsibility for making it work? Or will there be a meeting of minds, a sense of common objectives, and an application of the principle that nations, like individuals, are deserving of mutual respect? That depends essentially on how well the peoples of the world understand one another, for whatever the form or structure of a world government, it is after all only the mechanism by which the will of the people may be carried out. If ignorance, suspicion, prejudice, and complacency were to characterize our national attitude, inevitably they would be reflected in our foreign policy. It is obvious that heavy responsibility for imparting knowledge and developing a cooperative spirit must rest and does rest on organized education. Every group in the profession is faced with the necessity of rethinking in terms of action the meaning of its basic purposes. Teachers are somewhat like the wife of the scientist to whom Rachel Davis DuBois refers in her book Build Together Americans.' One evening the scientist, who had been testing certain theories of the action of vitamins on white mice, gave an enthusiastic account of his discoveries. The wife's immediate reaction was, "That's fine. What does it mean that I should give Johnny for supper?"
|
2022-02-09T05:22:38.097Z
|
72,280,883 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1519/00126548-200302000-00006",
"MAG": "2033391136",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
THE AGING OF THE WORLD’S population has lead to an increasing prevalence of “lifestyle” diseases such as type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, heart attack, and stroke. The elderly of today may be more frail and less able to perform activities of daily living (ADL) than the elderly of previous generations. Physical inactivity is a strong contributor to the increased morbidity associated with these lifestyle diseases (1, 4, 8, 11). According to a recent position stand from the American College of Sports Medicine, elderly adults may decrease their frailty and improve their ability to perform a range of ADL by engaging in a strength and conditioning program (8). This article outlines the rationale for the prescription of resistance training for the elderly.
|
2022-07-27T11:23:17.303Z
|
109,187,295 |
{
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"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2172/10117252",
"MAG": "1605890073",
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},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1274387/m2/1/high_res_d/10117252.pdf"
}
|
The U.S. Department of Defense (DOD), through an Interagency Agreement with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), has initiated a three-phase program with the Consortium for Coal-Water Slurry Fuel Technology, with the aim of decreasing DOD`s reliance on imported oil by increasing its use of coal. The program is being conducted as a cooperative agreement between the Consortium and DOE and the first two phases of the program are underway. To achieve the objectives of the program, a team of researchers was assembled. Phase I activities are focused on developing clean, coal-based combustion technologies for the utilization of both micronized coal-water slurry fuels (MCWSFS) and dry, micronized coal (DMC) in fuel oil-designed industrial boilers. Phase II research and development activities will continue to focus on industrial boiler retrofit technologies by addressing emissions control and precombustion (i.e., slagging combustion and/or gasification) strategies for the utilization of high ash, high sulfur coals. Phase III activities will examine coal-based fuel combustion systems that cofire wastes. Each phase includes an engineering cost analysis and technology assessment. The activities and status of Phases I and II are described below. The objective in Phase I is to deliver fully engineered retrofit options for a fuel oil-designedmore » watertube boiler located on a DOD installation to fire either MCWSF or DMC. This will be achieved through a program consisting of the following five tasks: (1) Coal Beneficiation and Preparation; (2) Combustion Performance Evaluation; (3) Engineering Design; (4) Engineering and Economic Analysis; and (5) Final Report/Submission of Design Package.« less
|
2022-07-31T05:01:12.158Z
|
120,671,472 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3792/PJA/1195570668",
"MAG": "2030131895",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The oxygen equilibrium of myoglobin accords completely with the mass action considerations for the reaction, Mb+O:---MbO, i.e., if we plot the percentage oxygenation against the partial pressure of oxygen we obtain the theoretical rectangular hyperbola. Whereas in the case of vertebrate hemoglobin, of which that from mammals has been chiefly studied, and other respiratory pigments such as hemerythrin ’), the curve is sigmoid in shape and can be described with a fair degree of accuracy by Hill’s empirical equation ’),
|
2022-08-06T12:18:24.632Z
|
147,136,368 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1177/1555412013512420",
"MAG": "2313064607",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
This article offers a new method of reading racial narrative in massive multiplayer online games. Rather than looking to the game text or the behaviors of individual players, it focuses on collective emergent behavior and demographics. From this perspective, the various racial group in World of Warcraft (WoW) take on their on unique characteristics that inform the broader WoW narrative. These differences result from the collective playing decisions of millions of gamers, influenced by the text, and also popular culture, game mechanics, and innumerable other factors.
|
2022-09-01T20:55:41.548Z
|
204,737,545 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.5758/vsi.2019.35.3.160",
"MAG": "2977834720",
"PubMedCentral": "6774426"
},
"license": "CCBYNC",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.5758/vsi.2019.35.3.160"
}
|
Behçet’s disease (BD) is a multisystemic, chronic autoimmune inflammatory vasculitic disease with an unknown etiology. Although the literature reports that vascular involvement occurs in 7% to 38% of all BD cases, the arteries are rarely involved; however, arterial involvement is usually associated with significant mortality and morbidity. We report the case of a young female patient who presented to the emergency department with severe abdominal pain and a history of weight loss. The patient was evaluated using computed tomography angiography, which revealed a ruptured suprarenal aortic pseudoaneurysm with occlusion of both the superior mesenteric and celiac arteries. Urgent surgery was performed with aortic repair with an interposition graft and superior mesenteric artery embolectomy. The patient’s clinical history and radiological imaging findings were strongly suggestive of the diagnosis of BD with vascular involvement.
|
2022-09-02T03:36:31.341Z
|
19,375,770 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1074/jbc.274.31.21741",
"MAG": "1995822502",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "HYBRID",
"url": "http://www.jbc.org/content/274/31/21741.full.pdf"
}
|
Internal initiation of translation, whereby ribosomes are directed to internal AUG codon independently of the 5′ end of the mRNA, has been observed rarely in higher eucaryotes and has not been demonstrated in living yeast. We report here that starved yeast cells are capable of initiating translation of a dicistronic message internally. The studied element that functions as an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) is hardly functional or not functional at all in logarithmically growing cells. Moreover, during the logarithmic growth phase, this element seems to inhibit translation reinitiation when placed as an intercistronic spacer or to inhibit translation when placed in the 5′-untranslated region of a monocistronic message. Inhibition of translation is likely due to the putative strong secondary structure of the IRES that interferes with the cap-dependent scanning process. When cells exit the logarithmic growth phase, or when artificially starved for carbon source, translation of the IRES-containing messages is substantially induced. Our findings imply that the capacity to translate internally is a characteristic of starved rather than vegetatively growing yeast cells.
|
2022-12-07T22:36:36.892Z
|
137,838,806 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.22227/1997-0935.2012.12.125-133",
"MAG": "2402089569",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBYNC",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2012.12.125-133"
}
|
Advancements in the field of nanotechnologies have converted the concrete into a high-tech material; its structure may be "tailored" to specific functional criteria, including strength, durability, and reduced environmental impacts. This feature will help keep the concrete as the main structural material in the foreseeable future. Nanotechnologies are still on the way from the pool of basic sciences to industrial enterprises. Today full-scale practical application of nanotechnologies in the construction industry is extremely limited for the reason of high costs of their implementation. However, the strongest potential of nanotechnologies is concentrated in the improvement of the properties of conventional materials and processes. Recent progress of nanotechnologies prompts us that many of the problems that are now considered as fantastic will be successfully resolved in the coming decade. Portland cement is one of the most widely used materials; it has a huge though underexplored potential. A better understanding and precise identification of the engineering properties of the complex structure of cement materials in the nanoscale science will give way to a new generation of concrete.
|
2022-12-15T18:40:03.452Z
|
80,660,447 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1136/ejhpharm-2018-eahpconf.149",
"MAG": "2886016450",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7535158"
}
|
Background Piperacillin/tazobactam (PT) is a combination of broad-spectrum antibiotics. PT is frequently used as an empirical treatment in moderate and severe infections of different origin. PT is mainly used to cover polymicrobial flora with the participation of pseudomonas aeuroginosa and other resistant Gram – bacilli. Recently, PT’s shortage has required different actions by the Program for Optimising the use of Antibiotics (PROA). Purpose To describe the actions carried out by the PROA and to analyse the impact they have had on the PT shortage. Material and methods A retrospective descriptive study was carried out between July and August 2017 in a hospital. Several emails were sent with the recommendations of the Spanish Agency of Medicines and Sanitary Products to the doctors who prescribe antibiotics reporting on shortage of PT. PROA made recommendations on the current prescriptions. The data collected was: type of infection, empirical/directed prescription, recommendation, acceptance of interventions and cost of treatment. Results We reviewed 361 prescriptions, of which 44 were PT. Twenty-six interventions were carried out. PT’s indication was 38.5% (n=10) of the cases of intra-abdominal infection treatment, in 23.1% (n=6) urinary tract infection, in 19.2% (n=5) respiratory infection, in 15.4% (n=4) bacteremia and 3.8% (n=1) skin infection and soft tissue. There were 84% (n=21) of empirical prescriptions. Proposed recommendations were 57.7% (n=15) of the cases switching to another antibiotic (carbapenems, fourth-generation cephalosporins), in 34.6% (n=9) it was recommended to scale to a lower spectrum antibiotic (ertapenem, third-generation cephalosporins, penicillins or quinolones) and in the remaining 7.7% (n=2) to suspend it. Acceptance of the recommendations was 84.6% (n=22), although in 96.2% (n=25) of the cases PT ceased to be used. During this period, the cost per patient/day increased from €9.99 to €18.74 at the expense of a patient who was prescribed ceftolozano/tazobactam. Conclusion Acceptance of the PROA’s recommendations was elevated. PT’s shortage involved an increase in cost per patient/day. PROA allowed improvement actions in the use of antibiotics, becoming more relevant in periods of shortage. References and/or Acknowledgements To everyone in the Pharmacy and Internal Medicine Departments who have collaborated in the collection of data and analysis No conflict of interest
|
2022-12-16T10:05:26.884Z
|
186,208,345 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1098/rstl.1751.0004",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "CLOSED",
"url": null
}
|
Sir, I Acquainted you some time since of having kept a journal of the weather in the camp, whilst I attended the army in the Netherlands; and that, having given particular attention to the thermometer, I found, that the heat in tents was remarkable for its degree, sudden and great vicissitudes, and almost continual variation from the state of the open air.
|
2022-08-20T17:53:05.323Z
|
119,983,276 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1175/1520-0450(1963)002<0740:TAOAEL>2.0.CO;2",
"MAG": "1972755453",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Abstract A series of nighttime elevated line source diffusion trials conducted in Texas during 1961 is used to evaluate the adequacy of a current diffusion equation model and to define the turbulent layer within which such a model can be applied with any degree of success. The turbulent layer is defined in terms of Richardson's number and the vertical intensity of turbulence.
|
2022-09-02T02:24:12.052Z
|
251,120,978 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.24843/jumpa.2022.v09.i01.p18",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/jumpa/article/download/89666/45419"
}
|
The Indonesian government considers the tourism sector as one of the high contributors to the national economy. As one of them that supports tourism, especially talk about Tourism Villages, is the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy (Kemenparekraf) through a program released recently about ADWI 2022. Julah Tourism Village is one of the highlights that should be developed in the future as sustainable tourism. This research uses qualitative research by primary and secondary data in Julah Village. In primary data, data collection is through direct observation and interviews, while secondary data is collected through several studies, articles, and related literature. In this study, it was found that the development of sustainable tourism was not optimal. So far, tourism potential has been highly conserved but along with modernization and globalization, this can trigger the erosion of tourism potential which has an impact on unsustainability. Therefore, it is necessary to improve tourism development strategies towards sustainable tourism.
Keywords: julah, optimization, sustainable tourism.
|
2022-09-02T05:37:47.677Z
|
220,834,678 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1101/2020.07.23.20160887",
"MAG": "3046037072",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2020/07/29/2020.07.23.20160887.full.pdf"
}
|
The development of a viable COVID-19 vaccine is a work in progress, but the success of the immunization campaign will depend upon public acceptance. In this paper, we classify Twitter users in COVID-19 discussion into vaccine refusers (anti-vaxxers) and vaccine adherers (vaxxers) communities. We study the divide between anti-vaxxers and vaxxers in the context of whom they follow. More specifically, we look at followership of 1) the U.S. Congress members, 2) four major religions (Christianity, Hinduism, Judaism and Islam), 3) accounts related to the healthcare community, and 4) news media accounts. Our results indicate that there is a partisan divide between vaxxers and anti-vaxxers. We find a religious community with a higher than expected fraction of anti-vaxxers. Further, we find that the variance of vaccine belief within the news media accounts operated by Russian and Iranian governments is higher compared to news media accounts operated by other governments. Finally, we provide messaging and policy implications to inform the COVID-19 vaccine and future vaccination plans.
|
2022-09-21T08:11:56.633Z
|
83,793,238 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3233/NIB-140098",
"MAG": "1643059027",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Several authors professed in favor of an autonomous Immune System, which is capable of defending the host. This argument is debated here at length. The existence of the Neuroimmune Supersystem, where immune participation is obligatory, mitigate autonomy. Also, the immune system is involved in physiology: it regulates reproduction, menstrual cycle, neonatal development, brain development and function, exerts neuroprotection, sleep, pain, stress, ageing, and glucose homeostasis are all regulated by immune mechanisms. Recently it has been proposed that gut microbiota affects brain function. Abnormal microbes led to disease, when normal bacteria were given, the disease subsided. What is the meaning of this observation? Would the brain notice the bacteria in the gut? Yes indeed, brain cells and the associated nerves express toll-like receptors (TLR) and for this reason will directly sense intestinal bacteria. We do not know what are the consequences of such sensations? The immune system is also stimulated by gut bacteria. The immune system owes its existence to this stimulus. Would the immune system communicate this event to the brain? Most certainly! Finally mucosal epithelial cells, which represent an army of effector cells, also express TLR. These mucosal cells have tremendous value in host defense. They become activated, defend, and produce cytokines and chemokines, through which they communicate with the entire Neuroimmune Supersytem. We conclude that the entire Neuroimmune Supesystem is involved in the regulation of intestinal microbes. This is most powerful and very effective regulation indeed.
|
2022-12-14T22:59:46.967Z
|
87,864,692 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1071/PP9780801",
"MAG": "2315730743",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Two barley cultivars, California Mariout and the somewhat more salt-sensitive Arimar, were grown under different salinity regimes and in isosmotic polyethylene glycol (PEG) solutions. Shoot growth of both cultivars was inhibited more by NaCl than by PEG. The effects of various salt and osmotic stress regimes on the K+, Na+ and Cl- status, the fresh weight : dry weight ratio and osmotic potential of the tissue were determined. The changes in these parameters were dependent on the rate at which the stress was applied. A gradual increase in stress led to K+/Na+ exchange in the shoot so as to maintain an almost constant (K+ + Na+) content on a dry weight basis. Tissue dehydration largely accounted for the increase in osmotic pressure. In contrast, salt shock resulted in a rapid nonselective accumulation of salt. Both osmotic stress and shock similarly brought about a dehydration of shoot tissue. A gradual osmotic stress slightly enhanced K+ accumulation in the roots. The greater salt sensitivity of the Arimar cultivar appeared to be related to a poorer ability to regulate Na+ plus Cl- accumulation in shoots.
|
2022-12-20T17:27:25.654Z
|
86,069,141 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/J.1758-2229.2012.00347.X",
"MAG": "2159140103",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
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|
Summary
The diversity and activity of anammox bacteria has been studied in various environments, but knowledge about their abundance and population dynamics is scarce and particularly lacking for soils. A SYBR Green qPCR protocol was developed for the quantification of anammox bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies using newly designed primers. This primer set allows specific detection of all currently known anammox candidate genera including members of a new anammox cluster. Seven wetland soils were investigated and anammox bacterial 16S rRNA gene copy numbers of 4.01 × 104 to 6.74 × 106 per gram of fresh soil were detected. Anammox bacteria were also quantified along a Gleysol profile at three different sampling dates. Anammox 16S rRNA gene abundance increased significantly with soil depth and varied only little between seasons, suggesting that anammox bacteria represent a minor but stable microbial population in this soil.
|
2022-12-27T21:05:43.332Z
|
26,972,698 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1080/09674845.2002.11978037",
"MAG": "2412580325",
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"status": null,
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|
Pandoraea pnomenusa sp. nov., Pandoraea sputorum sp. nov. and Pandoraea norimbergensis comb. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2000; 50: 887-99. 4 Henry DA, Mahenthiralingam E, Vandamme P, Coenye T, Speert DP. Phenotypic methods for determining genomovar status of the Burkholderia cepacia complex. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39: 1073-8. 5 Daneshvar MI, Hollis DG, Steigerwalt AG et al. Assignment of CDC weak oxidizer group 2 (WO-2) to the genus Pandoraea and characterization of three new Pandoraea genomospecies. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39: 1819-26. 6 Moore JE, Millar BC, Jiru X, McCappin J, Crowe M, Elborn JS. Rapid characterization of the genomovars of the Burkholderia cepacia complex by PCR single-stranded conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis. J Hosp Infect 2001; 48: 129-34. 7 Mahenthiralingam E, Bischof J, Byrne SK et al. DNA-based diagnostic approaches for identification of Burkholderia cepacia complex, Burkholderia vietnamiensis, Burkholderia multivorans, Burkholderia stabilis and Burkholderia cepacia genomovars I and III. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38: 3165-73. 8 Campbell PW 3rd, Phillips JA 3rd, Heidecker GJ, Krishnamani MR, Zahorchak R, Stull TL. Detection of Pseudomonas (Burkholderia) cepacia using PCR. Pediatr Pulmonol 1995; 20: 44-9. 9 Moore JE, Coenye T, Vandamme P, Elborn JS. First report of Pandoraea norimbergensis isolated from food – potential clinical significance. Food Microbiol 2001; 18: 113-4. 10 LiPuma JJ, Dulaney BJ, McMenamin JD et al. Development of rRNA-based PCR assays for identification of Burkholderia cepacia complex isolates recovered from cystic fibrosis patients. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37: 3167-70. 11 Whitby PW, Dick HL, Campbell PW 3rd, Tullis DE, Matlow A, Stull TL. Comparison of culture and PCR for detection of Burkholderia cepacia in sputum samples of patients with cystic fibrosis. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 36: 1642-5. 12 Millar BC, Jiru X, Moore JE, Earle JA. A simple and sensitive method to extract bacterial, yeast and fungal DNA from blood culture material. J Microbiol Methods 2000; 42: 139-47. 13 Coenye T, Liu L, Vandamme P, LiPuma JJ. Identification of Pandoraea species by 16S ribosomal DNA-based PCR assays. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39: 4452-5. agents. Genetic analysis of recA in campylobacters has been performed, but little work has been done on thermophilic campylobacters. Urease-positive thermophilic campylobacter (UPTC), a microaerophilic and Gram-negative bacterium, is an organism only relatively recently identified in England. After the original description, UPTC isolates were reported in France, Northern Ireland and The Netherlands, and, recently, strains were also found in Japan, where they were characterised both phenotypically and genotypically. The aim of the present study is to clone and characterise the recA gene in UPTC and Campylobacter lari. Strains of thermophilic campylobacters used in the present study are shown in Table 1. Genomic DNA for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was prepared by proteinase K treatment, phenol-chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation. In the present study, a degenerate primer pair (recAFL-f and recAFL-r) used for PCR amplification of almost the full-length of the recA gene was designed from sequences of the gene in C. jejuni 81-176 (U03121) and C. fetus 23D (AF020677), taken from EMBL and GenBank. Primer sequences were as follows: recAFL-f 5’-GGAAA[A,C,G,T]T[A,C,G,T] ATGGATGATAAT-3’ and recAFL-r 5’-[A,C,G,T]A[A,C,G,T]CATTA[A,C,G,T]TC[A,C, G,T]TCTCCTTC-3’. PCR mixture contained 10 mmol/L Tris-HCl [pH 9.0], 50 mmol/L KCl, 1.5 mmol/L MgCl2, 0.01% gelatine, 0.1% Triton
|
2022-07-02T16:33:22.384Z
|
8,779,983 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1002/pbc.20562",
"MAG": "2103548702",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The prognosis for patients with metastatic or axial‐skeletal osteosarcoma is poor. A phase I/II study was conducted of intensive chemotherapy with interval methotrexate, to assess the feasibility, response rate and toxicity in this group of patients.
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2022-09-10T07:10:33.222Z
|
129,849,009 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1306/5CEAE5E3-16BB-11D7-8645000102C1865D",
"MAG": "2123151680",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Throughout Nevada the most reliable stratigraphic datum in sequences of non-marine Cenozoic sedimentary rocks is a distinctive suite of tuffaceous upper Miocene to middle Pliocene deposits. For convenience of discussion these rocks are referred to as the vitric tuff unit. In eastern Nevada and adjacent Utah the vitric tuff unit is locally underlain by red and tan Paleozoic-pebble conglomerate, some of which is as old as Cretaceous. Scattered outcrops of lower Cenozoic (largely Eocene) limestone and associated reddish brown conglomerate in east-central Nevada and western Utah probably are equivalent to the Wasatch formation in Utah. A distinctive sequence of limestone and oil shale found locally in northeastern Nevada probably is Oligocene in age. Over an extensive part of southern, central, and western Nevada, as well as locally in the northeastern part of the state, rocks below the vitric tuff unit are essentially rhyolitic to dacitic agglomerate and coarse tuff, welded tuff, and lava. This sequence apparently accumulated principally between Oligocene and late Miocene time and was associated in a general way with important deformation of the region that faulted and tilted older Cenozoic sequences. Following a middle Cenozoic episode of deformation and erosion, the vitric tuff unit, consisting chiefly of soft unaltered tuff, bentonitic mudstone, sandstone, limestone, and diatomite, began to accumulate in late Miocene time in southern, central, and western Nevada while deposits of limestone, carbonaceous and bituminous shale, sandstone, and conglomerate, containing partly altered tuffaceous debris, formed in northeastern Nevada. In early Pliocene time, during an episode of extensive aggradation accompanied by eruption of the younger Sierran and southern Cascade andesitic rocks, the vitric tuff facies accumulated throughout most of the state, and it continued to accumulate locally in middle Pliocene time. End_Page 2801------------------------------ Important uplift of the Sierra Nevada accompanied large-scale block-faulting and regional uplift that began in later Pliocene time and produced the present structual and topographic pattern of Nevada. Even though a middle Cenozoic and a post-early to middle Pliocene episode of deformation may have predominated throughout much of the state, local areas had varying tectonic and depositional histories during the Cenozoic era.
|
2022-09-10T14:16:37.569Z
|
22,291,156 |
{
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"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1002/hed.20188",
"MAG": "2171542463",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Ets‐1 controls the expression of critical genes involved in matrix remodeling. The matrix metalloproteinase‐3 (MMP‐3) and urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPA) are typical Ets‐1 responsive genes. Recent studies have shown an increase in histamine synthesis and content in various human neoplasias. We hypothesized that the increased local histamine overproduction contributed to activation of matrix remodeling through the activation of MMP‐3 expression of peritumoral fibroblasts by means of ets‐1 regulation in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs).
|
2022-09-12T00:08:43.442Z
|
208,127,688 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.22214/ijraset.2019.7222",
"MAG": "2981028658",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2019.7222"
}
|
: Power transmission capability (load ability) of a power system has traditionally been limited either by synchronous (or rotor angle) stability or by the thermal loading capability of transmission lines and their equipment. Another stability issue which is important other than rotor angle stability is the voltage stability. The analysis of voltage stability is a crucial issue in order to maintain the equilibrium of the system. If the voltage instability is not analyzed properly, this issue may lead to voltage collapse and a blackout may appear in the power system. Voltage collapse already caused a major blackout in Tokyo (Japan) Power System, on July 23, 1987. This paper tries to analyze in brief, the failure of Tokyo power system of that time period. This paper presents the static analysis of power system voltage stability by plotting and analyzing PV and QV curves of power system loads at different load power factors. This paper focuses on voltage stability analysis for a mesh - type network, i.e. , IEEE 6-Bus system in Power World Simulator . The plotting of PV and QV curves is done by using Microsoft Excel.
|
2022-09-16T08:44:21.118Z
|
20,644,541 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1080/0167482X.2016.1216959",
"MAG": "2517151967",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Abstract Introduction: Eating disorders are an important factor in menstrual cycle disorders in girls. Moreover, low self-esteem among adolescent girls may be a risk factor for eating disorders. The aim of the study was to assess the menstrual cycle, eating habits and self-esteem of Polish adolescents. Methods: The study was conducted from January 2014 to March 2015 and included 623 girls, aged 15–19, from randomly selected junior high schools in Silesia, Poland, in which their menstrual cycle, risk of eating disorders and self-esteem were evaluated. A five-part questionnaire was used to assess basic demographic data, lifestyle and physical activity, gynecological history, as well as Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES) and Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26). Results: Irregular menstrual cycles were observed in 236 (37.88%) girls; 5.20% presented secondary amenorrhea. Based on the EAT-26 test, 101 (16.21%) girls were indicated being at risk for an eating disorder. Low self-esteem was observed in 340 (54.57%) study girls on the base of SES. Discussion: Girls with irregular menses had higher scores on the EAT-26 test in subscales: EAT-overall score, EAT-diet and EAT–bulimia, while lower scores on the SES. In our study, we did not observe a significant relationship between exercise intensity, body mass, BMI and menstrual cycle regularity. Low self-esteem among adolescent girls may be a risk factor for eating disorders which could interrupt the menstrual cycle.
|
2022-12-20T06:44:13.195Z
|
13,127,417 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1017/S1431927605507517",
"MAG": "2105097865",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The identification of cardiac progenitor cells in mammals raises the possibility that the human heart contains a population of stem cells capable of generating cardiomyocytes and coronary vessels. The characterization of human cardiac stem cells (hCSCs) would have important clinical implications for the management of the failing heart. We have established the conditions for the isolation and expansion of c-kit-positive hCSCs from small samples of myocardium. Additionally, we have tested whether these cells have the ability to form functionally competent human myocardium after infarction in immunocompromised animals. Here, we report the identification in vitro of a class of human c-kit-positive cardiac cells that possess the fundamental properties of stem cells: they are self-renewing, clonogenic, and multipotent. hCSCs differentiate predominantly into cardiomyocytes and, to a lesser extent, into smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. When locally injected in the infarcted myocardium of immunodeficient mice and immunosuppressed rats, hCSCs generate a chimeric heart, which contains human myocardium composed of myocytes, coronary resistance arterioles, and capillaries. The human myocardium is structurally and functionally integrated with the rodent myocardium and contributes to the performance of the infarcted heart. Differentiated human cardiac cells possess only one set of human sex chromosomes excluding cell fusion. The lack of cell fusion was confirmed by the Cre-lox strategy. Thus, hCSCs can be isolated and expanded in vitro for subsequent autologous regeneration of dead myocardium in patients affected by heart failure of ischemic and nonischemic origin.
|
2022-12-20T20:23:09.440Z
|
229,433,783 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1002/stc.2676",
"MAG": "3110000197",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.2676"
}
|
The theory of vibration absorbers is well established, but the literature lacks documentation of the actual performance of absorbers installed in tall buildings. This paper presents an experimental assessment of the dynamic characteristics of one of two identical high‐rise towers of the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg, before and after the activation of tuned liquid dampers, tuned to the frequency of the first mode. The prime focus of this assessment is structural damping and the effect that the tuned liquid dampers have on this. Two different full‐scale test methods were utilized: operational modal analysis, using ambient vibrations, and harmonic forced vibration tests using two centrifugal mass exciters. All three modes were excited at and around their natural frequencies of approximately 0.44, 0.57, and 0.82 Hz, respectively. To determine the damping, the free decays of the acceleration signals after shutting off the forces were studied. A clear and unambiguous increase in damping was found after the activation of the tuned liquid dampers, with damping increasing from 0.8% to 3.8% for the first mode. Also, the damping of the second mode was increased, although only from approximately 0.8% to 1%. The damping of the third torsional mode is approximately 0.6% and it is unaffected by the activation of the dampers. Thus, the tuned liquid dampers mainly affect the first mode as intended where the damping ratio increases with at least 500%. The results, finally, strongly suggest nonlinear behavior of the tuned liquid dampers, with higher damping at higher vibration levels.
|
2022-12-23T02:09:46.289Z
|
18,802,620 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1590/S0102-311X2008001200027",
"MAG": "2126358377",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The available hypotheses or explanations for the urbanization of American visceral leishmaniasis are insufficient. An alternative hypothesis is that changes in the ecology and biology of the vector, Lutzomyia longipalpis, might explain all the new urban epidemiological features of the disease. To tackle the knowledge gaps in this process, certain key research areas need to be prioritized: the role of dogs in expanding transmission in cities, community trials to evaluate new insecticides, and research on the ecological and molecular determinants of Leishmania chagasi transmission. Investment of public funds should focus on the development of a human vaccine, since such a vaccine now appears to be within reach. Even small effects from a vaccine could substantially reduce the impact of the disease, which in the last quarter century has challenged and defeated both the scientific community and the public health field around the world.
|
2022-12-29T18:09:12.870Z
|
79,115,899 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1001-8050.2010.05.022",
"MAG": "2587214432",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Objective To evaluate the efficacy and adverse effect of brachial plexus block with morphine and ropivacaine for postoperative analgesia in children. Methods Forty-five children undergone upper extremity surgery were randomly divided into three groups (n = 15) , ie, Croup A (brachial plexus block with ropivacaine), Croup B (brachial plexus block with ropivacaine and subcutaneous injection of morphine) and Croup C (brachial plexus block with morphine and ropivacaine). The analgesic effect and the analgesia maintenance time were recorded by FLACC method at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours after operation. The adverse reactions were observed 48 hours after operation. Results There was no statistical difference between Croup A and Croup B in the analgesia maintenance time and the number of cases without analgesic therapy at each time point (P > 0. 05). Compared with Croup A or Croup B, the analgesia maintenance time in Croup C were significantly extended and the number of cases without analgesic therapy at 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours after operation were significantly increased (P < 0.05). The adverse effect was fairly light in three groups. Conclusion Brachial plexus block with morphine and ropivacaine may extend analgesia maintenance time effectively and safely in children undergone upper extremity surgery.
Key words:
Anesthesia and analgesia; Child; Morphine; Ropivacaine
|
2022-02-11T04:16:16.520Z
|
150,721,452 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.26499/kc.v15i2.193",
"MAG": "2912374631",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The purpose of this study is to describe the intrinsic elements of Alisya novel by Muhammad Makhdloril. The problem that will be examined and studied is how to describe the intrinsic elements that are the base of a literary work, among other things, the existence of themes, and mandates, figures and characterizations, plots, and settings that become the structure of Muhammad Makhdori's Alisya novel? The method used is descriptive method. The advantages of research is that it can reveal the structure of a novel that can be used as a material for studying learning to deal with life problems. The source used in this research is Alisya novel by Muhammad Makhdlori. The results obtained in this study indicate that the Alisya novel by Muhammad Makhdori has the theme of poverty can make people go berserk and invites immorality. Life needs to struggle and work hard.
|
2022-02-09T03:43:38.541Z
|
36,032,579 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1155/2011/356421",
"MAG": "2025500744",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ddns/2011/356421.pdf"
}
|
In order to suppress the interference of the strong fractional noise signal in discrete-time ultrawideband (UWB) systems, this paper presents a new UWB multi-scale Kalman filter (KF) algorithm for the interference suppression. This approach solves the problem of the narrowband interference (NBI) as nonstationary fractional signal in UWB communication, which does not need to estimate any channel parameter. In this paper, the received sampled signal is transformed through multiscale wavelet to obtain a state transition equation and an observation equation based on the stationarity theory of wavelet coefficients in time domain. Then through the Kalman filter method, fractional signal of arbitrary scale is easily figured out. Finally, fractional noise interference is subtracted from the received signal. Performance analysis and computer simulations reveal that this algorithm is effective to reduce the strong fractional noise when the sampling rate is low.
|
2022-10-07T00:12:07.445Z
|
75,626,695 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1097/00001648-200611001-00008",
"MAG": "2322734466",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
SS1 Symposium Title: Regional, Multicity Time-Series Studies of Air Pollution and Health: Progress and Prospects Symposium Organizers: A. Cohen* and H. R. Anderson† *Health Effects Institute and †St. Georges Hospital Medical School/U London SS1-01 Worldwide Spatial Variation in Daily Mortality Relative Rates Due to Short-Term Exposure to Air Pollution: A Meta-Analysis R. Atkinson,* A. J. Cohen,† J. C. Carrington,* and H. R. Anderson *St. Georges, University of London; and †Health Effects Institute, Boston Hundreds of time-series studies of the health effects of short-term exposure to air pollution have now been conducted worldwide. Collectively, these studies provide compelling evidence of the adverse effects of shortterm exposure, but also pose problems of interpretation due to variation in analytic methods and reporting and the possibility of publication and analytic bias. Heterogeneity in effect estimates may also be due to spatial variations arising from differences in meteorologic and other environmental conditions, healthcare systems, and other spatially related factors. A number of recent meta-analyses of published results have summarized this literature, but few have focused on global patterns in the relative rates of mortality and morbidity and evidence as to the causes of their spatial variation. The Air Pollution Epidemiology Database (APED) from St. George’s, University of London, is a comprehensive database of epidemiologic studies of the effects of short-term exposure to air pollution published in the peer-reviewed literature. It contains effect estimates from 374 time-series studies published worldwide (141 Europe, 148 North America, 32 Latin America, 53 Asia and the Western Pacific) and descriptive data concerning the locales in which these studies have been conducted. Data from APED will be used to investigate some of the sources of heterogeneity in the effect estimates, including spatially varying factors, analytic methods used, and so on. These data will also be used to illustrate some of the issues arising from such meta-analyses of the published literature, including publication bias and other study-specific limitations. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of individual studies versus multicity studies are discussed.
|
2022-02-11T07:06:32.032Z
|
125,009,966 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1063/1.4942442",
"MAG": "2279476025",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
PECVD deposited porous SiCOH with ultralow dielectric constant has been successfully integrated as the insulator in advanced interconnects to decrease the RC delay. The effects of NH3 plasma treatment and the effectiveness of the dielectric repair on molecular structures at the surface and buried interface of a pSiCOH film deposited on top of a SiCNH film on a Si wafer were fully characterized using sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG), supplemented by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. After exposure to NH3 plasma for 18 s, about 40% of the methyl groups were removed from the pSiCOH surface, and the average orientation of surface methyl groups tilted more towards the surface. The repair method used here effectively repaired the molecular structures at the pSiCOH surface but did not totally recover the entire plasma-damaged layer. Additionally, simulated SFG spectra with various average orientations of methyl groups at the SiCNH/pSiCOH buried interface were compared with the experimental...
|
2022-12-14T04:12:48.196Z
|
55,640,668 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.5047/eps.2012.05.002",
"MAG": "2158117683",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "HYBRID",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.5047/eps.2012.05.002"
}
|
This study has investigated the rupture process of the 23 October, 2011, Van (Turkey) earthquake (Mw = 7.1) by using inversion of teleseismic waveform analysis and its tectonic implications. Focal parameters of the main shock and 21 aftershocks were obtained by using the first motion polarities of regional P-waves. The first results for the source rupture process were derived from broadband teleseismic P-waves. The main outcomes of the analysis are: (a) the main rupture is located around the initial break point, and the maximum slip amount was 3.6 m; (b) the size of the main fault plane area was about 40 km in length and 20 km in width, the duration of rupture was approximately 19 seconds and the seismic moment of the earthquake was estimated to be 5.53 × 1019 N m (Mw = 7.1); (c) the rupture gradually expanded near the hypocenter and propagated both northeast and southwest, but mainly to the southwest. Tectonic implications of the earthquake were defined by field observations. The 23 October, 2011, Van earthquake occurred on a main thrust fault plane trending NE-SW between Lake Van and Lake Erçek located in the East Anatolian compressional province. This main fault plane and the secondary structural elements were generated by a continental-continental collision taking place in a region located 200 km north of the the Bitlis-Zagros Suture Zone.
|
2022-12-14T23:01:11.205Z
|
251,101,566 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.17912/micropub.biology.000607",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": "9315411"
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Manipulation of neuronal or muscular activity by optogenetics or other stimuli can be directly linked to the analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans ( C. elegans ) body length. Thus, WormRuler was developed as an open-source video analysis toolbox that offers video processing and data analysis in one application. Utilizing this novel tool, the super red-shifted channelrhodopsin variant, ChrimsonSA, was characterized in C. elegans . Expression and activation of ChrimsonSA in GABAergic motor neurons results in their depolarization and therefore elongation of body length, the extent of which providing information about the strength of neuronal transmission.
|
2022-12-23T19:08:06.441Z
|
235,087,259 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1002/ccr3.4115",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": "8122218"
},
"license": "CCBYNCND",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ccr3.4115"
}
|
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is generally well tolerated for treatment of APL. We present a patient with severe watery diarrhea and pancreatitis thought to be due to ATO toxicity in the setting of obesity and acute kidney injury. Future studies evaluating ATO levels in patients experiencing toxicities may help guide dose modifications.
|
2022-10-21T00:40:56.545Z
|
35,560,795 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/j.1399-0004.1996.tb04325.x",
"MAG": "2116745095",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
We report on a boy with mild dysmorphic features and developmental delay, in whom karyotyping showed an additional minute ring chromosome in 60% of metaphases. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a centromere specific probe demonstrated that the ring chromosome contained the centromeric region of chromosome 20. The ring was highlighted completely using a chromosome 20 painting probe. A cosmid probe for 20p12‐13 gave a positive signal and hybridization with an all‐telomere probe showed one signal, suggesting a breakpoint in the 20p telomere. The results suggested that only a small part of 20q was involved in this ring. The ring was also detected in 18% of nuclei of a buccal smear. The phenotypic similarities of symptoms in the proband to patients with a (partial) trisomy 20p and the dissimilarities to symptoms in patients with (partial) trisomy 20q were in agreement with the FISH results.
|
2022-12-12T08:35:55.675Z
|
35,559,055 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1291/HYPRES.19.255",
"MAG": "1965711115",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
To compare the influences of alcohol and salt intake on 24-h blood pressure (BP), we studied short-term effects of repeated alcohol ingestion and dietary salt intake in hypertensive patients. Thirty-two Japanese men with mild to moderate essential hypertension (54 +/- 1 years old, mean +/- SE) were examined. Sixteen patients were given alcohol (1 ml/kg) with dinner for 7 d after a 7-d control period with an isocaloric beverage. Another group consisting of 16 age- and weight-matched patients consumed a low-sodium diet (25 mmol/d) for 7 d, followed by a high-sodium diet (250 mmol/d) for 7 d. Twenty-four-hour BP was measured at the end of each period. Average 24-h BP in the alcohol period (137 +/- 4/83 +/- 2 mmHg) was similar to that in the control period (138 +/- 4/84 +/- 2 mmHg). However, BP in the alcohol period was significantly lower in the evening, but significantly higher in the morning than that in the control period. Heart rate increased for several hours after alcohol ingestion, resulting in a significant increase in 24-h heart rate (67 +/- 2 vs. 64 +/- 2 beats/min). Average 24-h BP was higher in the high salt period (144 +/- 4/89 +/- 4 mmHg) than in the low salt period (135 +/- 3/85 +/- 3 mmHg, p < 0.05). The pressor effect of high salt intake was sustained throughout the day and was associated with a decrease in 24-h heart rate (60 +/- 2 vs. 66 +/- 2 beats/min). In conclusion, short-term repeated intake of alcohol may have little effect on average 24-h BP while it causes an evening fall and a morning rise in BP, and high salt intake raises BP throughout the day. Alcohol consumption increases and salt loading decreases 24-h heart rate.
|
2022-12-12T05:44:21.155Z
|
19,804 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1097/00001756-200207020-00024",
"MAG": "1966296163",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Truncated trkB.T1 is a splice variant of the neurotrophin receptor trkB. In spite of its abundance, and ability to bind and internalize BDNF, it is not clear whether it can transmit BDNF signaling. We tested this hypothesis by searching for proteins binding the evolutionarily conserved cyto-domain of trkB.T1, and by studying BDNF-induced changes of gene expression through DNA microarrays. Cells bearing trkB.T1 receptors presented morphological changes. However, no cytoplasmic interactors of trkB.T1 were found. In addition, BDNF-dependent modulation of gene expression was detected in cells bearing trkB.TK but not trkB.T1 receptors. These results suggest that the main function of trkB.T1 is to regulate local availability of neurotrophins and that it is unable to sense changes in BDNF availability.
|
2022-12-19T00:25:11.549Z
|
120,502,198 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1121/1.387988",
"MAG": "1991275113",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "CLOSED",
"url": null
}
|
Two methods are proposed for the mapping of cracklike flaws in homogeneous, isotropic, elastic media. The methods require as input data the travel times of diffracted ultrasonic signals. The first method maps points on the crack edge by a process of triangulation with the source and receiver as given corner points of the triangle. By the use of travel times for neighboring positions of the source and/or the receiver, the direction of signal propagation, which is the necessary constitutent required to complete the triangle, can be computed. The inverse mapping is global in the sense that no a priori knowledge of the location of the crack is required. The second method is a local edge mapping which determines sets of planes relative to a known point close to the crack edge. Each plane contains a flash point. The intersection of the envelopes of two sets of planes maps an approximation to the crack edge.
|
2022-12-21T04:57:58.641Z
|
164,513,927 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1136/ejhpharm-2019-eahpconf.21",
"MAG": "2943892705",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://ejhp.bmj.com/content/ejhpharm/26/Suppl_1/A10.1.full.pdf"
}
|
Background Occupational exposure to hazardous drugs (HDs) is a mounting public health concern. Nevertheless, currently there are not harmonised standards for the prevention of HDs’ exposure. Purpose To implement a comprehensive regional strategy (CRS) addressing guidance on safe handling of HDs in order to minimise healthcare workers’ exposure based on the harmonisation of safety standards and practices among hospitals. Material and methods A 32-item online questionnaire about general information, preparation and administration of HDs was carried out to investigate the current situation of training and awareness among workers of 34 regional public hospitals (RPH). A multidisciplinary working group, involving 40 health professionals (including hospital pharmacists, oncology nurses, occupational medicine professionals and warehouse logistics managers) from 14 different hospitals was formed in 2017 to formally achieve consensus on the management of HDs. A formal education plan was implemented, providing online and face-to-face train-the-trainers courses to all health professionals involved in the preparation and administration of HDs. Results Overall, survey results showed heterogeneous procedures concerning NIOSH table 1 drugs and deficiencies in training and in awareness regarding handling of the other HDs. In January 2018 Resolution 51/2018 was published. This was the first formal European framework establishing mandatory practice standards on safe handling of HDs for 34 RPH. One of the most remarkable points of Resolution 51/2018 is the creation of HDs’ Committees in each hospital, which ensure compliance with the reporting standards and promoting supplementary and specific protocols if necessary. Additionally, the aforementioned resolution includes two monographic annexes on closed-system transfer devices and personal protective equipment. Further recommendations related to drug preparation, administration and reception, have been also carried out. So far, 413 training-trainers have completed the formal education plan and 4155 healthcare workers have finished online training courses. In April 2018 the CRS was presented at the European Parliament during the conference named ‘The problem of HDs in the healthcare sector in Europe’. Conclusion Protection from HDs’ exposure depends on adherence to safety programmes, as well as other factors. A comprehensive approach based on the harmonisation of safety standards, the engagement in safety culture and appropriate practice techniques among hospitals could minimise worker exposure to HDs. References and/or acknowledgements Hazardous Drugs Working Group. No conflict of interest.
|
2022-01-27T20:05:58.824Z
|
233,373,161 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1024/1012-5302/a000803",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Background: The use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in health care is increasing attention. To describe health inequalities and equity with regard to the use of digital health technologies in a care context and to understand interrelationships, it is of particular importance for the field of care research to use models and theories that explain health inequalities and equity in the use of digital technologies. Aims: This article aims to identify models and theories from the field of nursing and health research that explain the phenomenon of health inequalities and the influence of digital health technologies on the emergence of inequalities. Methods: Relevant articles were searched in electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL & SocINDEX) between July and August 2019 in German and English, within the methodological framework of a scoping review. The systematic literature search and data extraction were performed by 2 reviewers. The description of data refers to standard criteria by 8-1Christiansen and Baum (1997). Results: From a total of 25 relevant articles, 2 were identified for inclusion in the current overview. One model is focusing on ICT for health and the other model focuses on eHealth. No nursing theory could be identified in the context of describing the phenomenon of digital inequality. Conclusions: In both models, there is a lack of discussion about the impact of nursing aspects on the use and acceptance of eHealth technologies. One point should also be the development of models and theories that consider the user perspective of vulnerable groups.
|
2022-06-11T17:56:12.119Z
|
146,590,055 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1080/1359432X.2015.1102133",
"MAG": "2211234623",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Contextual display rules refer to perceptions of the particular emotions that should be displayed in a specific set of circumstances. As such, it is important to examine within-person variance in such perceptions within the dynamic context of real-life organizations. To this end, experience sampling methodology was used to highlight within-person variance in display rules and examine event-level predictors of these contextual display rules. Thirty-nine university staff members were surveyed four times per day about their most recent interaction. Employee momentary affect (pleasantness and activation) and relationship with the interaction target (solidarity and relative power) were examined as predictors of both contextual display rule perceptions and deviation from those display rules. Pleasantness of affect related positively to the level of expression allowed by the display rule, whereas activation of affect and target solidarity related positively to deviation from display rules. Complex interactions were also found between the predictors, further highlighting the complexity of the emotional labour process.
|
2022-12-12T15:11:23.321Z
|
34,307,897 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1145/1185657.1185823",
"MAG": "2009427003",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
This section covers some enhancements to Pixar's PhotoRealistic RenderMan (PRMan). Specifically, changes that version PRMan-13 brings. Running through the release notes there are many areas that could be touched on. I will focus on bringing three of these to your attention.1. A Sample of RenderMan Shading Language (RSL) changes.2. SIMD shadeop DSOs and implications of a multi-threaded renderer.3. XML Profiling.
|
2022-12-14T06:04:36.847Z
|
16,130,878 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1088/0965-0393/23/8/083501",
"MAG": "2150903702",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "CLOSED",
"url": null
}
|
In materials science the orientation of a crystal lattice is described by means of a rotation relative to an external reference frame. A number of rotation representations are in use, including Euler angles, rotation matrices, unit quaternions, Rodrigues–Frank vectors and homochoric vectors. Each representation has distinct advantages and disadvantages with respect to the ease of use for calculations and data visualization. It is therefore convenient to be able to easily convert from one representation to another. However, historically, each representation has been implemented using a set of often tacit conventions; separate research groups would implement different sets of conventions, thereby making the comparison of methods and results difficult and confusing. This tutorial article aims to resolve these ambiguities and provide a consistent set of conventions and conversions between common rotational representations, complete with worked examples and a discussion of the trade-offs necessary to resolve all ambiguities. Additionally, an open source Fortran-90 library of conversion routines for the different representations is made available to the community.
|
2022-12-21T05:17:11.983Z
|
201,070,299 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": "1908.06176",
"DOI": "10.1088/1742-6596/1225/1/012004",
"MAG": "2968233033",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1225/1/012004"
}
|
Supernovae of type Ia are thought to arise from the thermonuclear incineration of a carbon-oxygen white dwarf stellar remnant. However, the detailed explosion scenario and stellar evolutionary origin scenario – or scenarios – which lead to observed supernovae are still quite uncertain. One of the principal tests of proposed scenarios is comparison with the explosion products inferred, for example, from the spectrum of the supernovae. Making this comparison requires computation of the combustion dynamics and products through simulation of proposed scenarios. Here we discuss two specific proposed explosion scenarios, the deflagration-detonation transition and the helium shell double detonation, With these two examples in mind, we proceed to discuss challenges to computational modeling of the combustion taking place in these explosions. Both subsonically and supersonically propagating reaction fronts are discussed, called deflagrations and detonations respectively. Several major stages of the combustion occur on length and time scales that are many orders of magnitude smaller than those accessible in simulations of the explosion. Models which attempt to capture this sub-grid behavior and the verification of those models is briefly discussed.
|
2022-12-30T00:06:27.497Z
|
211,667,505 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.7936/A5X0-WJ56",
"MAG": "2980478346",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The Washington University in St. Louis Pow Wow is currently in its 27th year. This event will be held on Saturday, March 25, 2017, and is free and open to the public. We invite you to participate in this cultural event celebrating American Indian people and diversity. This Pow Wow brings together more than 5,000 people from the Washington University community, the broader St. Louis community, and dancers, artists, and guests from across Indian country. For more information, please visit the Kathryn M. Buder Center for American Indian Studies website (www.buder.wustl.edu) or call us at 314.935.4510.
|
2022-01-27T01:33:54.319Z
|
73,063,025 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1590/S1020-49891997001000001",
"MAG": "2131510089",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Debido a la importancia que la inocuidad de los alimentos entrana para la salud publica, se procuro determinar la calidad microbiologica de los alimentos que consumen los usuarios de los comedores comunitarios del conurbano de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, cuyo universo lo conformaron tres municipios con indices medianos y altos de pobreza, de los que se extrajo al azar una muestra de 52 comedores. La informacion se recolecto desde abril de 1994 hasta abril de 1995 inclusive, por medio de encuestas, observaciones directas y analisis microbiologicos del agua y los alimentos servidos. Los analisis del agua y los alimentos se ajustaron, respectivamente, a las recomendaciones del Codigo Alimentario Argentino y de la Comision Internacional de Especificaciones Microbiologicas para Alimentos. Los resultados se interpretaron segun los valores para alimentos cocidos acordados por el Grupo de Trabajo de Control de Alimentos. La parte microbiologica del estudio mostro que en 28 (54%) de los comedores la comida o el agua era inadecuada y en 11 (21%), ambas eran inadecuadas. Bacillus cereus fue la bacteria patogena que se encontro con mayor frecuencia en los alimentos analizados. Los factores significativamente asociados con condiciones microbiologicas insatisfactorias de las comidas y el agua fueron no desinfectar el agua (P = 0,009), la falta de higiene en el ambiente (P = 0,03), la presencia de roedores e insectos (P = 0,05), el sistema de provision de materias primas (P = 0,01) y un numero de usuarios menor de 100 (P = 0,008). Se concluyo que la desinfeccion del agua y la limpieza general de los comedores son medidas que pueden implantarse por medio de intervenciones educativas en materia de higiene y manipulacion de alimentos dirigidas a los encargados y empleados de los comedores. Los resultados obtenidos tambien apoyan la conveniencia de incluir la evaluacion sanitaria de los alimentos entre los criterios de evaluacion general de los programas de asistencia alimentaria.
|
2022-02-11T09:25:44.458Z
|
55,832,627 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.5840/JPR20123714",
"MAG": "1997395439",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
I argue that Wittgenstein's engagement with Russell's The Analysis of Mind was crucial for the development of his new method. First, I show that Wittgenstein's criticism of the causal theory of meaning (namely: that it generates an infinite regress and that it does not determine the depiction of a fact) is motivated by its incompatibility with the pictorial conception of language. Second, I show that in reacting against that theory he comes to invent the calculus conception of language. Third, I argue that the calculus conception is vulnerable to critiques that parallel those presented against Russell's theory (a rule-following regression and the inde- terminacy of depicted facts). Fourth, the striking similarity between the problems present in Russell's theory and in Wittgenstein's own views makes him realize that both were working under misleading trains of thought and false analogies. It is this realization that brings Wittgenstein to the view that his task is to investigate the genesis of philosophical puzzlement in order to stop philosophical theorizing right from the beginning. Thus, in explaining the invention of Witt- genstein's new method I show its relation to Russell's philosophy and indicate the origins of the rule-following problem.
|
2022-07-31T22:42:32.608Z
|
188,753,271 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.14520/adyusbd.398714",
"MAG": "2892121092",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/532344"
}
|
Ogretmenlik meslegi genel yeterlikleri kapsaminda yer alan “olcme ve degerlendirme” yeterliginin hizmet oncesi ogretmen egitim surecinde ogretmen adaylarina kazandirilmasinda “olcme ve degerlendirme” dersi onemli bir yere sahiptir. Bir derse yonelik tutumlarin dersin ogrenme ciktilarina erisme duzeyini etkileyebilmesi nedeniyle Olcme ve Degerlendirme dersine yonelik tutumlarin incelenmesi, bu onemli yeterligin ogretmen adaylarina kazandirilmasi acisindan onemli gorulmustur. Bu calismanin amaci Anadolu Universitesi Egitim Fakultesi’nde Olcme ve Degerlendirme dersini alan ogretmen adaylarinin bu derse iliskin tutumlarini etkileyen etmenleri belirlemektir. Calisma sonucunda ogretmen adaylarinin Olcme ve Degerlendirme dersine yonelik ortanin biraz uzerinde bir duzeyde tutuma sahip olduklari, kadin ogretmen adaylarinin derse daha fazla onem verdikleri, devam edilen programa ve daha once istatistik dersi alma durumuna gore tutum puanlarinin farklilastigi, akademik ortalama ve ogrenme bicimlerine gore tutum puanlarinda istatistiksel olarak manidar bir fark olusmadigi ve derse yonelik tutumlarin “olumsuz yaklasim” alt boyutunu istatistik dersi alma, dokunsal ogrenme, bireysel ve isitsel ogrenme bicimlerinin yordadigi belirlenmistir.
|
2022-08-20T02:09:51.058Z
|
243,492,006 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-727827/v1",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-727827/latest.pdf"
}
|
Demand for relief increases after disasters. Some research suggests that the number of relief supplies required to satisfy the relief demanding after disasters is significantly higher than preliminary estimates, especially in low and lower-middle-income countries. So, this study was aimed to explore the reasons for relief overdemanding in the disaster response phase. In this qualitative content analysis study the managers of the National Disaster Management Organization (NDMO), the Iranian Medical Emergency and Accident Management Center, Tehran Disaster Mitigation and Management Organization (TDMMO) and the Iranian Red Crescent Society (IRCS) were purposively sampled and invited to interview. The unstructured face-to-face interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using "constant comparison" and "microanalysis" methods. 21 agreed to participate and were interviewed. The interviews uncovered affected people-level factors such as the react to fear and anxiety and the unsatisfied demand due to improper distribution of facilities and crisis managers-level issues (e.g. facing people's dissatisfaction, incorrect or insufficient information and considering disaster as the opportunity to raise resources) as well as officials-level determinants (e.g. advertising and excitement, the partisanship of officials and low confidence on accident managers). Several factors influencing the relief overdemanding exist in disaster management in Iran. Strengthening local management when responding to disasters and conducting efficient disaster need assessment can reduce relief overdemanding and vastly prevent wasting surplus resources in the affected area.
|
2022-08-27T06:17:10.107Z
|
134,534,295 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2113/GSSGFBULL.S6-VI.7-9.867",
"MAG": "2749715437",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
A new concept of the evolution of the entire Alpine system is presented, based on a comparative study of chronodiagrams for the ranges bordering the Mediterranean both in Europe and Africa. The relation of post-paroxysmal (Miocene) nappes and Plio-Quaternary deformation to the main orogeny, the mechanism of the Mediterranean tectorogen, and some seeming anomalies are explained. A selected bibliography is appended.
|
2022-08-30T12:09:02.550Z
|
142,994,187 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1080/17533170500206402",
"MAG": "1856464803",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
From October 7, 2004 through May 28, 2005, thousands of Southern California residents and visitors viewed a large-scale exhibition at the California African-American Museum in Los Angeles that simultaneously afforded a rare opportunity to explore recent South African history, to reflect on the power of documentary photography, and to discover and celebrate the life of acclaimed South African photojournalist and artist Peter Magubane. Entitled “Deconstructing Apartheid: The Photography of Peter Magubane,” the exhibition showcased eighty-four photographs and artifacts documenting the egregious practices of apartheid and the stirring resistance that eventually led to a nonracial democracy in 1994. The first comprehensive display of Magubane's iconic works in the United States, the exhibition received outstanding reviews and attracted civic leaders, teachers, students from all educational levels, and the general public to the Museum, one of the premier African-American cultural institutions in the nation. Sev...
|
2022-09-08T11:55:14.277Z
|
5,974,999 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1001/ARCHNEUR.1982.00510150064018",
"MAG": "2010380851",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
To the Editor.— The association of Aicardi's syndrome with multiple papilloma of the choroid plexus has been described in a 13-month-old female infant and a 4-year-old girl.1We describe another example of this association in a female infant. Report of a Case.— The clinical features of our infant included alternately lateralized clonic convulsions since 4 weeks of age; these convulsions were replaced by asymmetric infantile spasms since 3 months of age, agenesis of the corpus callosum, occipital flattening, numerous pale yellow areas in the ocular fundi, scoliosis, and hemivertebrae. When she was awake, her EEG findings included supression-burst activities in the left hemisphere and hypsarrhythmia in the right hemisphere. When the infant was asleep, a complete asynchrony was observed in the supression-burst activities between the two hemispheres. Computed tomography at the age of 1 month disclosed two protruding masses in the infant, one each in the third and right
|
2022-09-11T14:35:36.824Z
|
238,813,924 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.14260/jemds/2021/452",
"MAG": "3190998912",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/452"
}
|
Angioplasty is considered superior to fibrinolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) if the patient receives it within the therapeutic window. It is unclear if such advantages are available for patients who need to travel from a community hospital to a facility where invasive care is available, since primary thrombolysis often re-establishes coronary artery blood flow in patients with ST elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI). At the most severe end of the range of acute coronary syndromes is ST - segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), which generally occurs when a fibrin-rich thrombus fully occludes an epicardial coronary artery. The diagnosis of STEMI is based on clinical features and persistent ST-segment elevation as evidenced by 12 - lead electrocardiography. Patients with STEMI should have a quick reperfusion treatment evaluation and a reperfusion strategy should be performed immediately following contact with the system. All patients with AMI who had chest pain within 12 hours were evaluated. The detailed history of chest pain, character, and radiation, had been taken in terms of duration from the beginning of chest pain in minutes. After 10 minutes, patients were given 10 mg of sublingual isosorbide dinitrate and repeated ECG. Patients were excluded if chest pain or ST elevation was resolved after 10 minutes of nitrate administration. In the analysis only those cases in which chest pain and ST shift were not resolved following sublingual nitrates. Serum CKMB estimates have been performed. All patients were treated with 1.5 million IU streptokinase in 100 ml of normal saline for more than 45 minutes. Clinical assessment for 2 hours every half hour was done to evaluate: 1. Chest pain reduction in a subjective scale percentage and to assess changes in the Killip class. 2. Continuous ECG monitoring of reperfusion rhythm occurrences. Patients are assessed at the end of 2 hours of follow-up for: a. Percentage reduction in subjective chest pain a. A 12 lead ECG to identify changes in the ST height c. Repeat CK-MB estimate. Patients with thrombolysis were classified into two classes on the basis of presence or absence of SCR at the end of two hours of initiation. Those with successful reperfusion were grouped into the SCR Group and into the SCR (negative) Group without successful reperfusion. Coronary prognostic index is a set of questionnaires which prognosticate the outcome in AMI. This review describes the role of Coronary Prognostic Index and thrombolysis in patients of STEMI. KEY WORDS ECG, AMI, STEMI, Angioplasty
|
2022-09-14T18:21:26.082Z
|
129,928,815 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.4314/AGA.V18I3.1695",
"MAG": "2041978527",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Dans le cadre des investigations a court et moyen termes pour resoudre le probleme d\'appauvrissement des sols agricoles en elements physico-chimiques au Nord de la Cote d\'Ivoire, des etudes ont ete menees dans des jacheres artificielles de legumineuses arborescentes et des jacheres naturelles. L\'enrichissement annuel en matiere organique des sols est important chez Acacia auriculiformis (jachere artificielle) et Isoberlinia doka (jachere naturelle) avec des productions de litiere respectives de 7,83 et 7,38 t/ha.an-1. A
l\'exception de certaines especes, les productions de litiere les plus importantes ont ete obtenues en saison seche (novembre a avril). Elles ont represente 57 % de la production annuelle et ont augmente avec les periodes d\'orages et d\'harmattan (vent) de la region. Les resultats des travaux ont aussi permis d\'identifier des indicateurs pour la planification des recoltes de graines en fonction des chutes des gousses. In the setting of investigations for short and midterm to resolve the problem of agricultural soils impoverishment in physico-chemical compounds in the North of Cote d\'Ivoire, studies were conducted on the arborescent leguminous artificial and natural fallows. The yearly enrichment in organic matter of soils was important with Acacia auriculiformis and Isoberlinia doka (natural fallow). The respective litter productions were 7.83 and 7.38 t/ha.year-1. With the exception of some species, the higher litter productions were yielded in dry season
(november to april). They represented 57 % of yearly production and increased with storms and harmattan (wind) periods of the region. The results also allowed to identify indicators of seeds harvesting with pods fall. Keywords : Jacheres, legumineuse arborescente, litiere, Nord Cote d\'Ivoire. Agronomie Africaine Vol. 18 (3) 2006: pp. 235-242
|
2022-01-27T16:45:01.574Z
|
45,000,818 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1212/WNL.51.6.1629",
"MAG": "2087601089",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 50-mg doses of sildenafil during a 28-day period in patients with erectile dysfunction caused by spinal cord injury (cord level range, T6 through L5). Background: Sildenafil is an orally active, potent, and selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5, an important regulator of cyclic guanosine monophosphate in the human corpus cavernosum. Methods: To be included in this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, all patients had to be able to achieve at least a partial reflexogenic erectile response to penile vibratory stimulation. The study utilized a single triangular sequential trial design. A total of 27 patients were randomized to receive 50 mg of sildenafil or placebo, taken orally as required (not more than once daily) approximately 1 hour before sexual activity. Results: After 28 days of treatment, nine of 12 patients (75%) on sildenafil and one of 14 patients (7%) on placebo reported that treatment had improved their erections (p = 0.0043). Furthermore, eight of 12 patients (67%) on sildenafil and two of 13 patients (15%) on placebo indicated that they wished to continue treatment (p = 0.018). A significant improvement in satisfaction with their sex life was reported by patients taking sildenafil (p = 0.012). No patients discontinued treatment due to adverse events. Conclusion: Oral sildenafil, taken as required (not more than once daily), significantly improves the quality of erections and satisfaction with sex life in men with erectile dysfunction caused by a spinal cord injury between T6 and L5.
|
2022-12-12T15:21:21.434Z
|
39,341,587 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1147/sj.232.0211",
"MAG": "2095562348",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The relational data base system, IBM Database 2 (DB2), has a component that manages data buffering. This paper describes the design considerations of the Buffer Manager and the tradeoffs involved in managing the allocation of DB2 buffers to maximize performance.
|
2022-12-16T01:45:15.716Z
|
164,217,909 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/bju.14814",
"MAG": "2945051325",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "http://minerva-access.unimelb.edu.au/bitstreams/73920b3a-cf86-5545-8afe-4d2f61209ff2/download"
}
|
The value of a multidisciplinary approach to the management of prostate cancer (PC) is widely appreciated by both health care professionals and patients alike. Whether for the navigation of localised PC where management options can be perplexing, or the management of advanced prostate cancer where therapy options are evolving rapidly, and clinical trial options abound, it is best practice that patients are offered multidisciplinary options[1]. This may include the presence of health care practitioners of various types in a physical multidisciplinary clinic, or having a virtual network whereby patients can access multidisciplinary care in different environments. Importantly, a well-run multidisciplinary team (MDT) meeting is the key to anchoring such care and considering all multidisciplinary options for prostate cancer patients. Indeed, this approach is mandated by law in the UK where multidisciplinary care was enshrined in the Health Care Act based on the Improving Outcome Guidance work which underpins cancer care in the National Health Service in the UK. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
|
2022-12-21T04:43:25.792Z
|
231,462,333 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-1245.2004.16.039",
"MAG": "3030923036",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
目的 探讨微波术后配合包皮环切术加中药外用的综合疗法治疗男性包皮过长合并尖锐湿疣的临床疗效.方法采用随机分组对照的治疗方法对1 4 0例包皮过长合并尖锐湿疣的患者进行治疗、观察8个月,并进行分析和统计学处理.结果采用微波术后配合包皮环切加中药外用的综合疗法的治疗组的复发率(8.33%)明显低于微波联合干扰素治疗组的复发率(45.71%),两者比较有显著性差异(P＜0.001).结论采用微波术后配合包皮环切加中药外用的综合疗法治疗包皮过长合并尖锐湿疣疗效显著,值得推广。
|
2022-01-27T08:21:17.021Z
|
233,027,613 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1080/19490976.2021.1884514",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": "8023245"
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/19490976.2021.1884514?needAccess=true"
}
|
ABSTRACT Prematurity coupled with the necessary clinical management of preterm (PT) infants introduces multiple factors that can interfere with microbial colonization. This study aimed to review the perinatal, physiological, pharmacological, dietary, and environmental factors associated with gut microbiota of PT infants. A total of 587 articles were retrieved from a search of multiple databases. Sixty studies were included in the review after removing duplicates and articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria. Review of this literature revealed that evidence converged on the effect of postnatal age, mode of delivery, use of antibiotics, and consumption of human milk in the composition of gut microbiota of PT infants. Less evidence was found for associations with race, sex, use of different fortifiers, macronutrients, and other medications. Future studies with rich metadata are needed to further explore the impact of the PT exposome on the development of the microbiota in this high-risk population.
|
2022-12-15T05:15:17.098Z
|
234,282,565 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/sum.12693",
"MAG": "3127186305",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "CLOSED",
"url": null
}
|
Soil degradation represents a serious threat to the global environment and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs; Amundson et al., 2015; FAO, 2011; UNCCD, 2017). Sustainable soil management is called for by a wide range of stakeholders (Bryan et al., 2018; FAO, 2015; Hou et al., 2020). In recent years, biochar application has been proposed as a green and innovative solution for achieving multiple goals towards sustainable soil use and management, including carbon sequestration, heavy metal immobilization, and soil health enhancement (Hou, 2020; Lehmann et al., 2011). Biochar is made from the pyrolysis of biomass under an oxygen-limited environment. The concept was brought up only about a decade ago, but its actual usage can date back to pre-Columbian Amazonians (Wang, Ok, et al., 2020). Since the emergence of the concept in 2006, the number of publications regarding the usage of biochar in soil has increased exponentially (see Figure 1), with a search in Web of Science Core Collections returning 2,756 results for 2019 alone, and average increasing rate at 29% over the past 5 years. It is also interesting to note that biochar application in soil is increasingly linked to sustainable development and sustainability. Pertaining literature increased by 108% from 2018 to 2019. However, the sustainability considerations seem to have originated from fragmented considerations of specific disciplinary angles. The more holistic concept of sustainable soil management has rarely been mentioned in these studies. To fill this gap, our editorial team at the journal of Soil Use and Management is commissioning a virtual special issue (VSI) with the topic of ‘Biochar and Sustainable Soil Management’. So far we have collected 15 papers, covering topics including (a) new trends in biochar research; (b) the effect of biochar on greenhouse gas emission and soil carbon sequestration; (c) the effect of biochar addition on nutrient retention and crop yield; (d) the use of biochar in remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil and land reclamation; and (e) the effect of biochar on physicochemical and biological properties of soil. We intend to keep updating this VSI and continuously collect high-quality biochar research papers that fall under the umbrella of sustainable soil management. 1 | BIOCHAR FOR SOIL REMEDIATION
|
2022-12-15T23:31:43.188Z
|
220,717,629 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1073/pnas.2008581117",
"MAG": "3043882030",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc7431085?pdf=render"
}
|
Significance Several factors have been examined that contribute to the unequal impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in terms of lethality and prevalence of cases across different geographical areas. Among them, intergenerational relationships (e.g., coresidence and contacts between family members of different generations) have been suspected to play a role in the spread and lethality of COVID-19. Our results show that available evidence on the link between intergenerational relationships and COVID-19 is inconclusive. Future studies need to use individual-level data to obtain more robust statistical evidence on this link before any policy suggestion can be provided. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 originated in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019 and rapidly spread in more than 100 countries. Researchers in different fields have been working on finding explanations for the unequal impact of the virus and deaths from the associated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) across geographical areas. Demographers and other social scientists have hinted at the importance of demographic factors, such as age structure and intergenerational relationships. Our aim is to reflect on the possible link between intergenerational relationships and spread and lethality of COVID-19 in a critical way. We show that with available aggregate data it is not possible to draw robust evidence to support these links. In fact, despite a higher prevalence of intergenerational coresidence and contacts that is broadly positively associated with COVID-19 case fatality rates at the country level, the opposite is generally true at the subnational level. While this inconsistent evidence demonstrates neither the existence nor the absence of a causal link between intergenerational relationships and the severity of COVID-19, we warn against simplistic interpretations of the available data, which suffer from many shortcomings. We conclude by arguing that intergenerational relationships are not only about physical contacts between family members. Theoretically, different forms of intergenerational relationships may have causal effects of opposite sign on the diffusion of COVID-19. Policies should also take into account that intergenerational ties are a source of instrumental and emotional support, which may favor compliance to the lockdown and “phase-2” restrictions and may buffer their negative consequences on mental health.
|
2022-12-21T19:49:24.302Z
|
120,533,365 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1117/12.919402",
"MAG": "2017430909",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
A methodology for laser radar / ladar imaging through atmospheric turbulence is studied for target feature extraction, acquisition, tracking, identification, etc. The procedure follows sequentially by (1) laser-mode propagation through the outward atmospheric path, which is modeled by using multiple turbulence phase-screens; (2) the propagated laser mode illuminates a target which is modeled using multiple facets; and (3) simultaneously, or near simultaneously, the return path turbulence effects are modeled by a reverse order Cn 2(h), Lo, and lo set of phase-screens assuming a plane-wave. This return path amplitude & phase screen is then used to create a pupil plus atmospheric effects impulse-response which is used to (4) accurately construct the image of a diffuse target on the detector focal plane array using conventional Fourier optics. Agreement of both the outward and the return path phase-screen matrices with their respective analytical turbulence parameters, which are independently computed, is shown. The Fourier optics construction process of the target's image is reviewed, and typical diffuse target images of facet model objects are presented illustrating scintillation and speckle effects. The images may then be used in algorithm development for a specific system performance determination.
|
2022-06-03T22:32:42.581Z
|
82,292,125 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/J.1744-7348.1964.TB01183.X",
"MAG": "1585989547",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
SUMMARY
Shading retarded the growth of cocoa seedlings infected with cocoa swollen-shoot virus proportionately more than the growth of uninfected seedlings. Infected seedlings grown in bright light did not produce the swellings on stems and roots which were consistent symptoms of infection on plants grown under shade. The type of leaf symptoms also differed in shaded and unshaded seedlings.
Attention is drawn to the possible implications of shade in the severity of swollen-shoot outbreaks in farmers' cocoa.
|
2022-09-06T21:10:23.500Z
|
145,023,253 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3390/microorganisms7050119",
"MAG": "2943691737",
"PubMedCentral": "6560388"
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/7/5/119/pdf?version=1556617948"
}
|
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genomes, particularly their latent genes, are heterogeneous among strains. The heterogeneity of EBV-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) raises the question of whether there are functional differences between LMP1 expressed by cancer-associated EBV and that by non-cancerous strains. Here, we used bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-cloned EBV genomes retaining all virally encoded microRNA (miRNA) genes to investigate the functions of cancer-derived LMP1 in the context of the EBV genome. HEK293 cells were stably transfected with EBV-BAC clone DNAs encoding either nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)-derived CAO-LMP1 (LMP1CAO) or LMP1 from a prototype B95-8 strain of EBV (LMP1B95-8). When an EBV-BAC clone DNA encoding LMP1CAO was stably transfected into HEK293 cells, it generated many more stable transformants than the control clone encoding LMP1B95-8. Furthermore, stably transfected HEK293 cells exhibited highly efficient production of progeny virus. Importantly, deletion of the clustered viral miRNA genes compromised the ability to produce progeny viruses. These results indicate that cancer-derived LMP1 and viral miRNAs together are necessary for efficient production of progeny virus, and that the resulting increase in efficiency contributes to EBV-mediated epithelial carcinogenesis.
|
2022-12-02T11:28:09.189Z
|
119,579,790 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": "1612.06295",
"DOI": "10.1112/plms.12217",
"MAG": "2565817482",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/791165/4/plms.12217.pdf"
}
|
A finite quiver Q without loops or 2‐cycles defines a CY3 triangulated category D(Q) and a finite heart A(Q)⊂D(Q) . We show that if Q satisfies some (strong) conditions, then the space of stability conditions Stab(A(Q)) supported on this heart admits a natural family of semisimple Frobenius manifold structures, constructed using the invariants counting semistable objects in D(Q) . In the case of An evaluating the family at a special point, we recover a branch of the Saito Frobenius structure of the An singularity y2=xn+1 .
|
2022-12-15T01:17:23.675Z
|
84,185,109 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/IC3IOT.2018.8668107",
"MAG": "2921228976",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Open Banking and Open APIs have gained momentum and have grown from purely technical capabilities to being of business relevance. Open Banking is an innovative model for the financial industry not only from competition perspective but also from customer engagement perspective. Banks will have to help their customers with superior and more agile offerings. Banks should enable their customers to manage their financial affairs, make better decisions, save money etc. Digital disruption, FinTechs and Regulatory compliance such as Revised Payment Services Directive (PSD2) have accelerated the competition and forced banks to open up their systems. Using API, banks can transform their core systems for innovations and can integrate with internal system and external partners in a simpler, secure and controlled way.This paper takes a look at why open API is the foundation of open banking, values creating using open APIs, open banking framework / building blocks, and challenges faced by banks in implementing the open banking. It also highlights the various initiatives taken for API standardization.
|
2022-12-17T12:26:28.883Z
|
55,899,039 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1017/CBO9780511815133.012",
"MAG": "1582346514",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
In this chapter, we will describe the intricate links between seedling ecology and life history traits such as seed mass, time to maturity, adult size, and reproductive life span. We will pay particular attention to seed mass, as this is the trait most closely linked to seedling ecology. Seed mass affects the initial size of the seedlings, the amount of reserves seedlings have for establishment, the sites to which seeds are dispersed, and the time seeds spend in the soil before germinating. Much of our understanding of seed and seedling ecology has been based on the idea that plants face a trade-off between producing a few large seeds, each with high rates of survival as seedlings, versus producing many small seeds, each with lower rates of survival as seedlings. We, therefore, begin by reviewing the evidence for this trade-off. Our review shows that a full understanding of seed and seedling ecology requires consideration of life history variables such as plant height, reproductive life span, and the length of the juvenile period. Then we present a new framework for understanding seed and seedling traits as part of an overall life history strategy. Next we outline relationships between seed and seedling traits and other aspects of plant ecological strategy, such as seed dispersal syndrome, the capability to form soil seed banks, tissue density, and adult plant traits. These data complement previous results, and tend to support the idea that seed and seedling traits can be usefully understood as part of a larger spectrum of life history traits ranging from small, short-lived plants with small seeds, fast growth, low tissue density, and low rates of seedling survival to large, long-lived plants with large seeds, slower growth, denser tissues, and higher rates of survival. Our focus in this chapter is mostly on between-species variation in seed and seedling strategies. This is because the vast majority of the variation in these traits lies at the between-species level. Across all of the species on earth, seed mass ranges over 11.5 orders of magnitude
|
2022-12-26T15:45:15.988Z
|
236,335,022 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.5194/GMD-14-2713-2021",
"MAG": "3163199441",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Abstract. The coupled biogeochemical cycles of iron and sulfur are central to the long-term biogeochemical evolution of Earth's oceans. For instance, before the development of a persistently oxygenated deep ocean, the ocean interior likely alternated between states buffered by reduced sulfur (“euxinic”) and buffered by reduced iron (“ferruginous”), with important implications for the cycles and hence bioavailability of dissolved iron (and phosphate). Even after atmospheric oxygen concentrations rose to modern-like
values, the ocean episodically continued to develop regions of euxinic or ferruginous conditions, such as those associated with past key intervals of organic carbon deposition (e.g. during the Cretaceous) and extinction events (e.g. at the Permian–Triassic boundary). A better understanding of the cycling of iron and sulfur in an anoxic ocean, how geochemical patterns in the ocean relate to the available spatially heterogeneous
geological observations, and quantification of the feedback strengths between nutrient cycling, biological productivity, and ocean redox requires a spatially resolved representation of ocean circulation together with
an extended set of (bio)geochemical reactions. Here, we extend the “muffin” release of the intermediate-complexity Earth
system model cGENIE to now include an anoxic iron and sulfur cycle (expanding the existing oxic iron and sulfur cycles), enabling the model to simulate ferruginous and euxinic redox states as well as the precipitation of reduced iron and sulfur minerals (pyrite, siderite, greenalite) and
attendant iron and sulfur isotope signatures, which we describe in full.
Because tests against present-day (oxic) ocean iron cycling exercises only a small part of the new code, we use an idealized ocean configuration to explore model sensitivity across a selection of key parameters. We also present the spatial patterns of concentrations and δ56Fe and
δ34 S isotope signatures of both dissolved and solid-phase Fe and S species in an anoxic ocean as an example application. Our sensitivity analyses show that the first-order results of the model are relatively robust against the choice of kinetic parameter values within the Fe–S system and that simulated concentrations and reaction rates are comparable to those observed in process analogues for ancient oceans (i.e. anoxic lakes). Future model developments will address sedimentary recycling and benthic iron fluxes back to the water column, together with the coupling of nutrient (in particular phosphate) cycling to the iron cycle.
|
2022-12-26T18:58:35.460Z
|
4,564,577 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.7551/mitpress/7682.001.0001",
"MAG": "613091551",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "CLOSED",
"url": null
}
|
Today, when computing is pervasive and deployed over a range of devices by a multiplicity of users, we need to develop computer software to interact with both the ever-increasing complexity of the technical world and the growing fluidity of social organizations. The Art of Agent-Oriented Modeling presents a new conceptual model for developing software systems that are open, intelligent, and adaptive. It describes an approach for modeling complex systems that consist of people, devices, and software agents in a changing environment (sometimes known as distributed sociotechnical systems). The authors take an agent-oriented view, as opposed to the more common object-oriented approach. Thinking in terms of agents (which they define as the human and man-made components of a system), they argue, can change the way people think of software and the tasks it can perform. The book offers an integrated and coherent set of concepts and models, presenting the models at three levels of abstraction corresponding to a motivation layer (where the purpose, goals, and requirements of the system are described), a design layer, and an implementation layer. It compares platforms by implementing the same models in four different languages; compares methodologies by using a common example; includes extensive case studies; and offers exercises suitable for either class use or independent study. Intelligent Robotics and Autonomous Agents series
|
2022-12-28T22:49:14.027Z
|
247,915,424 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.34239/ajops.v5n1.252",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://ajops.com/index.php/ajops/article/download/252/556"
}
|
Abstract
Background
Skin cancer is a relatively common cancer in Australia, with early, simple treatment conferring a high likelihood of cure. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to reduce morbidity and mortality. A see-and-treat clinic seeks to offer earlier diagnosis and treatment as compared with a traditional model of care. The aim was to implement this model using pre-existing infrastructure with a hypothesis that this service will reduce wait times with reduced costs and high levels of patient satisfaction
Methods
Referrals were screened and those suitable underwent consultation with a Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeon and same-day operative management with their choice of anaesthesia. Patients were reviewed 1 week and 4 weeks postoperatively.
Results
206 patients had 286 skin lesions removed over 23 operating lists. Over 75% of excisions were on the face. Local anaesthetic with sedation was the most popular anaesthetic technique There were 22 complications and the incomplete excision rate was 4.2%. Average wait time for SLAM-suitable patients reduced by 76%, and category 1 outpatient waitlists were reduced by 100%. An estimated gross saving of $1,339 per patient was calculated. A survey of patients post-operatively showed all patients would recommend this model.
Conclusion
This see-and-treat model was shown to reduce wait times and cost, along with high levels of patient satisfaction. It was also easily implemented using pre-existing infrastructure. It is a service that continues to be offered and expanded, with ongoing patient satisfaction.
|
2022-04-08T00:34:39.783Z
|
168,008,666 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.19030/IBER.V3I4.3685",
"MAG": "2166320143",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Events leading to the passing of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act have led to increased concern with and scrutiny of potential management manipulation of financial statements. From an agency theory perspective, managers have incentives to manipulate organizational methods and choices in order to produce financial statements that those managers believe will maximize their incentive compensation. Transfer pricing represents one possible choice that managers can manipulate. This paper investigates whether exchange rates affect transfer pricing particularly as it relates to maximizing overall corporate profitability. The effects of taxes and government regulations have been explored in considerable depth in the transfer pricing literature. However, while transfer prices should also be affected by exchange rates in predictable ways, this variable has received comparably little attention in the literature. Inclusion of exchange rates in an analysis of transfer pricing and corporate profitability presents an opportunity to add to the literature. We conducted an experiment to examine how managers set transfer prices. We found that, while individuals were influenced by managerial incentives, they seemed genuinely concerned with firm profitability. We found that individuals, and therefore possibly managers, consider the effects of exchange rates on their transfer pricing decisions, even in the absence of incentives. This is an important finding not only with relation to the transfer pricing literature but also with regard to the underlying agency theory literature.
|
2022-09-12T10:50:59.390Z
|
151,275,724 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.20982/TQMP.15.1.P038",
"MAG": "2919337714",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Path analysis is a widely used multivariate technique to construct conceptual models of psychological, cognitive, and behavioral phenomena. Although causation cannot be inferred by using this technique, researchers utilize path analysis to portray possible causal linkages between observable constructs in order to better understand the processes and mechanisms behind a given phenomenon. The objectives of this tutorial are to provide an overview of path analysis, step-bystep instructions for conducting path analysis in Mplus, and guidelines and tools for researchers to construct and evaluate path models in their respective fields of study. These objectives will be met by using data to generate a conceptual model of the psychological, cognitive, and behavioral antecedents of bulimic symptoms in a sample of young adults.
|
2022-12-20T00:31:04.398Z
|
233,035,119 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1093/jme/tjab040",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "CLOSED",
"url": null
}
|
Abstract Cimex lectularius L. populations have been documented worldwide to be resistant to pyrethroids and neonicotinoids, insecticides that have been widely used to control bed bugs. There is an urgent need to discover new active ingredients with different modes of action to control bed bug populations. Fipronil, a phenylpyrazole that targets the GABA receptor, has been shown to be highly effective on bed bugs. However, because fipronil shares the same target site with dieldrin, we investigated the potential of fipronil resistance in bed bugs. Resistance ratios in eight North American populations and one European population ranged from 1.4- to >985-fold, with highly resistant populations on both continents. We evaluated metabolic resistance mechanisms mediated by cytochrome P450s, esterases, carboxylesterases, and glutathione S-transferases using synergists and a combination of synergists. All four detoxification enzyme classes play significant but variable roles in bed bug resistance to fipronil. Suppression of P450s and esterases with synergists eliminated resistance to fipronil in highly resistant bed bugs. Target-site insensitivity was evaluated by sequencing a fragment of the Rdl gene to detect the A302S mutation, known to confer resistance to dieldrin and fipronil in other species. All nine populations were homozygous for the wild-type genotype (susceptible phenotype). Highly resistant populations were also highly resistant to deltamethrin, suggesting that metabolic enzymes that are responsible for pyrethroid detoxification might also metabolize fipronil. It is imperative to understand the origins of fipronil resistance in the development or adoption of new active ingredients and implementation of integrated pest management programs.
|
2022-12-28T19:56:16.827Z
|
143,411,920 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1080/13518040590914136",
"MAG": "1964927192",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
On the sixth of July 1941 at 0330 hrs Moscow Time, tens of thousands of Soviet guns tore the silence into shreds, informing the world that the Red Army’s great liberating march had begun. The Red Army’s artillery, in numbers and quality, is superior to the rest of the whole world’s titanic reserves of ammunition were concentrated at the Soviet frontier. The firing tempo of the Soviet artillery swiftly grows, transformed into a hellish roar on the thousand-kilometer front [stretching] from the Black Sea to the Baltics. The first artillery salvo was timed to coincide to the minute when thousands of Soviet aircraft crossed the state frontier. The German airfields, positioned right up to the border, were extremely unlucky, as the German pilots had no time to get their planes into the air. A huge collection of aircraft had been gathered at the German airfields. They are parked wingtip to wingtip, and the fire spreads from one airplane to the next, like the fire in a box of matches. 1 Viktor Suvorov, Ledokol: Kto nachal vtoruyu mirovyu voinu? (Moscow: Izdatel’stvo AKT, 2000), pp. 410–411. The artillery preparation picks up intensity. At the frontier itself, the Soviet battalions and regiments brought to readiness by the alert are receiving their vodka. In the forests near the border, a thunderous “Urah” rumbles as the troops are read the combat order of Comrade Stalin—the Supreme Commander-in-Chief: “The day of reckoning has arrived. Soviet intelligence has uncovered Hitler’s treachery, and the time has come for him to be accountable for all his evil deeds and crimes! Heroic Warriors, the world is watching you and awaits liberation!” In violation of all established standards and restrictions, the soldiers are told the quantity of Soviet troops, tanks, artillery, aircraft, submarines taking part in their march of liberation. Once again, a thunderous “Urah!” rumbles over the forest meadows and clearings. 2 Ibid., pp. 411–412.
|
2022-02-09T07:31:44.313Z
|
19,073,157 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/IGARSS.2012.6350586",
"MAG": "1983230789",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Due to the strong contrast of the dielectric properties of dry and wet soil at microwave frequencies soil moisture can be retrieved on a global scale from active and passive microwave remote sensing instruments. Recent validation studies carried out over a number of in situ networks in Europe, the US and Australia have demonstrated that the soil moisture retrieval skill achieved with the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission and the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) compares well in many regions of the world. But of course, there are also areas where the retrieved soil moisture values from these instruments do not match well. In this study global SMOS and ASCAT soil moisture data are compared with the aim to identify the areas of agreement and disagreement. The analysis confirms the findings of the previous studies that over most regions worldwide the temporal evolution of SMOS and ASCAT retrievals compare quite well. Notable exceptions are arid environments where the ASCAT retrievals fail to reproduce the real soil moisture trends, while the SMOS retrievals perform as expected. More work is required to understand the contrasting behavior of the ASCAT and SMOS soil moisture retrievals in these environments.
|
2022-08-20T02:38:02.175Z
|
120,246,619 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1093/BIOMET/62.3.571",
"MAG": "1999069587",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
SUMMARY Testing for randomness is studied for an alternative model of multivariate normality with the autocorrelation specified by a single parameter. First-order autoregression and first-order moving averages are special cases of this model. The likelihood derivative method is used to obtain tests. The asymptotic efficiencies are derived of these tests compared with tests based on the first-order sample serial correlation.
|
2022-09-02T12:16:38.581Z
|
119,898,828 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1115/FEDSM2003-45008",
"MAG": "1965064056",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The new PIV image processing method is proposed to apply to cavitation flow field. Two CCD cameras take each high quality image shots utilizing the difference of the scatter light intensity between seeding particle and bubble. From the image of seeding particle, cavitation information such as the equivalent void fraction and the cavity boundary is obtained by using binary process for luminosity intensity. From both images of seeding particle and bubble, velocity information is obtained individually in regard to the inner or the outer area of the cavity by using cross correlation method and finally composed into one. For the evaluation of this PIV measurement and processing, the experiment was carried out about the wake vortex cavitation flow behind a wedge. Accordingly, the cavity boundary, the equivalent void fraction, the velocity vector and the vorticity were clarified and these reliability and validity were discussed in detail.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
|
2022-09-14T23:16:53.272Z
|
252,385,503 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3389/fpls.2022.934359",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": "9533018"
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.934359/pdf"
}
|
Natural selection favors the competitive ideotype, enabling native plants to survive in the face of intense competition. The productive ideotype is the goal of artificial selection to achieve high crop yields via the efficient use of resources in a self-competition regime. When breeding is established under inter-genotypic competition, the competitive ideotype dominates and may fictitiously become selectable. The productive ideotype becomes selectable at the nil-competition regime, where widely spaced individuals prevent plant-to-plant interference for any input. Principal reasons bring to the fore the productive ideotype that combines low competitiveness and improved plant yield efficiency. Crop spacing via the productive ideotype is mandated to alleviate the varying optimum density and ensure efficient use of resources inter-seasonally, cope with intra-field variation and optimize resource use, compensate for missing plants and promote stability, counteract unpredictable stresses and offer a buffer against environmental diversity, and adopt low-input agriculture to conserve natural resources and the environment. For breeding toward the productive ideotype, nil-competition is the due condition to overcome the confounding effects of competition, maximize phenotypic differentiation and facilitate selection from an early segregating generation, optimize heritability due to moderated environmental variance and experimental designs that sample spatial heterogeneity, apply high selection pressure focusing exclusively on the targeted genotype, and avoid the risk of bias selection or loss of desired genotypes due to proximity to empty hills. The view of a modern crop variety composed of genotype(s) belonging to the productive ideotype is a viable option to reach crop resilience serving sustainability in enormously fluctuating agroecosystems.
|
2022-10-21T00:15:29.589Z
|
163,044,090 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/J.1931-0846.1999.TB00216.X",
"MAG": "2123663298",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
ABSTRACT. From Montreal to Madras, from Barbados to Burma, the lodges of Freemasons dotted the landscape of the British Empire from the eighteenth century to the twentieth. Together with the British grand lodges under whose authority they met, these lodges constituted a vast network that extended across the oceans and linked Freemasons in Britain's colonies to the metropole and to each other. In this article I use the fraternity to demonstrate how the age of empire can serve as a laboratory for studying transoceanic networks, institutions, and identities. Looking first at the broad imperial context, I demonstrate how the global Masonic network developed and describe its functions during the long nineteenth century. I then focus on the British North Atlantic as a case study of the brotherhood's role in connecting people on various sides of a particular ocean basin by offering practical services and encouraging an "imperialist" identity that helped consolidate the British Empire. Keywords: Atlantic studies, Fre emasonry, intracultural connections, network, supranationalist identity. The Atlantic Ocean and its littorals consistently played a central role in the history of the British Empire. From its first colonial ventures in Ireland and the original American colonies, Britain used the Atlantic as a primary artery for extending its influence overseas. The development of the Caribbean plantation economy, the pursuit of the slave trade, the growth of settlement colonies in North America, the establishment of an informal empire in South America, and the migration of the Scots, Irish, Welsh, and English combined to make the Atlantic a linchpin of the empire for three centuries. Taking the Atlantic Ocean as a unit of analysis, scholars have begun to examine the movements of people, the networks, and the cultural exchanges that characterized this vast, transnational basin system. To use Donald Meinig's phrase, they have started to chart the "new human geographies" that emerged in the Atlantic world as a result of Europe's imperial ventures in the region (1986, 4). Innovative studies of the Atlantic world have focused on the sugar nexus between planters and slaves in the colonies and bankers, entrepreneurs, and consumers in the metropole (Mintz 1985), the contours of the Atlantic economy (Sacks 1991; Hancock 1995), cultural flows and the transformation of the early American landscape (Bailyn and Morgan 1991), and transatlantic migration (Nugent 1992). Perhaps the most significant strides in the field of Atlantic studies have come from those studying the history and culture of the black diaspora (Gilroy 1993; Gerzina 1995). By shifting their geographical framework to focus on the ocean , these studies emphasize the networks, exchanges, and webs that were so crucial in the development of the modern world. This burgeoning field of Atlantic studies may be placed within the broader historiographical context of "world networks history: 'world' to suggest its trans-oceanic reach, 'networks' to highlight its emphasis on patterned interactions, and 'history' to underline a concern with the formation and transformation of these socio-spatial interactions over time" (Wigen 1995, 6). Those concerned with the historical development of global networks have demonstrated, for example, the fundamental interconnectedness of the Indian Ocean region in the early modern period and the crucial role of exchange networks prior to 1750. Similarly, historians of the twentieth century, particularly those studying global history since 1945, have taken into account the networks and linkages resulting from the "factors of globalization," such as an increasingly interconnected world economy, migration, and advancements in technology and communication (Mazlish 1998). Although this work on the Atlantic and global networks represents a significant theoretical and methodological achievement (one to which I am highly indebted), I would argue that scholars in these fields are guilty of chronological as well as geographical neglect. …
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2022-11-27T18:13:02.267Z
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