corpusid
int64 5
255M
| openaccessinfo
dict | abstract
stringlengths 1
10k
| updated
stringlengths 20
24
|
|---|---|---|---|
221,290,107 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.24425/JPPR.2020.133306",
"MAG": "3034742734",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
This study describes a newly developed index for predicting and forecasting the first (and potentially subsequent) timing of fungicide application against late blight in potato crops based on weather variables measured close to the crop. Inputs for index calculation were the following: daily minimum temperature, mean relative air humidity and daily precipitation. The decisive moment in the process of forecasting is the sum of daily index values for the previous 5 days. The index was tested in various localities of the Czech and the Slovak Republics for several years with a relatively high success rate exceeding the accuracy of previously applied strategies – NoBlight and negative prognosis. In comparison to the mentioned methods, the calculated index corresponded very well to long-term wet periods and indicated the first application date correctly. In years with no wet periods (in this case, 2015 and 2017), it allowed postponing the first application and reducing the number of required sprays during the growing season. The method does not depend on determining the emergence date, so it can be presented on the internet without cooperation with specific growers in a given locality, and thus supply information for a wider range of users. With knowledge about crop development and the degree of resistance to late blight of grown varieties, users can subsequently choose a specific fungicide and its application date.
|
2022-08-28T05:39:06.931Z
|
205,001,983 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/cge.13046",
"MAG": "2609695687",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Auriculocondylar syndrome and isolated question mark ear result from dysregulation of the endothelin 1‐endothelin receptor type A signaling pathway. Animal models have highlighted the role of the transcription factor MEF2C as an effector of this pathway. We report heterozygous MEF2C loss‐of‐function as a possible cause of question mark ear associated with intellectual deficiency.
|
2022-10-14T06:13:23.025Z
|
121,383,654 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1006/JABR.1996.0394",
"MAG": "2060110525",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Abstract Assume thatRis a prime ring without nonzero nil one-sided ideals and thatf(x1,…,xd) is a polynomial in the noncommuting variablesx1,…,xdand with the coefficients in the extended centroidCofR. If for allr1,…,rd∈R, there exists an integern=n(r1,…,rd)≥1, depending onr1,…,rd∈R, such thatf(r1,…,rd)n=0, then eitherf(r1,…,rd)=0 for allr1,…,rd∈RorRis a finite matrix ring over a finite field.
|
2022-11-18T19:43:24.478Z
|
13,423,848 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/ACC.2002.1024508",
"MAG": "2119031478",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
This paper details the application of a constrained receding horizon control strategy to an indoor vectored-thrust flight experiment known as the Caltech Ducted Fan. The strategy is used to stabilize the experiment about one operating point, and step response and disturbance rejection are examined with different configurations and in comparison to a gain-scheduled LQR controller. Issues related to non-zero computation times, choice of horizon length and terminal cost are discussed.
|
2022-12-17T08:17:39.222Z
|
234,781,601 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1242/dev.192237",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "HYBRID",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.192237"
}
|
Stomata are epidermal valves that facilitate gas exchange between plants and their environment. Stomatal patterning is regulated by EPIDERMAL PATTERING FACTOR (EPF)-family of secreted peptides: EPF1 enforcing stomatal spacing, whereas EPF-LIKE9, also known as Stomagen, promoting stomatal development. It remains unknown, however, how far these signaling peptides act. Utilizing Cre-lox recombination-based mosaic sectors that overexpress either EPF1 or Stomagen in Arabidopsis cotyledons, we reveal a range within the epidermis and across the cell layers in which these peptides influence patterns. To quantitatively determine their effective ranges, we developed a computational pipeline, SPACE (Stomata Patterning AutoCorrelation on Epidermis), that describes probabilistic two-dimensional stomatal distributions based upon spatial autocorrelation statistics used in Astrophysics. The SPACE analysis shows that, whereas both peptides act locally, the inhibitor, EPF1, exerts longer-range effects than the activator, Stomagen. Furthermore, local perturbation of stomatal development has little influence on global two-dimensional stomatal patterning. Our findings conclusively demonstrate the nature and extent of EPF peptides as non-cell autonomous local signals and provide a means to quantitatively characterize complex spatial patterns in development.
|
2022-12-18T09:36:35.431Z
|
93,214,333 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1080/00222338708078150",
"MAG": "1980004107",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Abstract The monomers were derived from pyromellitic dianhydride and α-(2-nitrophenyl)ethanol, which was prepared by selective reduction of 2-nitroacetophenone. Polyimide precursors were synthesized by an interfacial polycondensation technique. Their thermal properties in nitrogen were studied by dynamic thermogravimetry. The photore-arrangement of 2-nitrobenzyl ester having a methyl group at the α-position compared to that of the unsubstituted ester was investigated by infrared spectrophotometry. The polymers obtained in this study gave a high proportion of photorearrangement to show high sensitivity. The exposed areas dissolved in 2% aqueous KOH, forming high resolution patterns because they did not swell during the developing process.
|
2022-12-17T14:41:16.059Z
|
116,052,921 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1002/geot.201800020",
"MAG": "2885917639",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
In the context of mined tunnelling, the excavation of the tunnel cross‐section is performed with an overcut. The size of the required overcut depends on the expected rock deformation as well as on typical construction tolerances. Likewise, secondary linings are also built with an overcut in order to account for formwork deformation, construction tolerances and deformation due to ground loads. On the other hand, clients usually specify the nominal tunnel geometry, which differs from the overcut geometries previously mentioned. When designing a tunnel according to the BIM method, it should be clarified which geometry should be used to create the geometrical model, since deviations between the target and the overcut geometry can be considerable. To generate a drawing derived directly from the 3D BIM model for tunnel construction use, it is imperative that the geometrical model is created based on the overcut geometry. Only then can the reinforcement quantity or formwork be designed correctly. Only a model based on overcut geometries will yield the correct theoretical masses, which for example could be used for target‐actual comparisons. This article outlines the basics of the current 2D design approach; its technical limits are presented and contrasted with the proposed 3D design model. The article further shows how a 3D BIM design model has to be created so that 2D drawings for construction can be derived or created from it. In addition, general recommendations are provided for creation of BIM geometrical models.
|
2022-12-20T19:34:24.880Z
|
5,012,055 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1080/00365521.2018.1451915",
"MAG": "2793593807",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Abstract Objectives: Compliance to therapy is a key factor in the efficacy of treatment in clinical practice. The aim of our study was to evaluate the rate of compliance with mesalazine in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), to examine risk factors of noncompliance and especially find ways on how adherence can be improved. Materials and methods: A total of 198 outpatients with UC completed two anonymous questionnaires including information on basic demographics, details of patient´s disease and the use of mesalazine medication and quality of life. Results: We found noncompliance (percentage of used medication per day less than 80%) with 5-ASA in 21.2% patients. Our study proved that the education level of patients significantly influenced the compliance of patients using mesalazine. A significant difference (p = .014) was found between the compliance of patients with secondary school education (84.1 ± 16.73) and those with university education (94.1 ± 9.9). The majority of patients preferred mesalazine once daily and are less likely to forget to take medication in the morning. Better quality of life was observed based on our data from WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire in statistically significant way in patients using concomitant therapy of immuosuppressive or biological therapy, lower daily doses and using sachets not tablets. Conclusions: Our study proved that compliance with mesalazine in patients with UC was related only to education level. If we target mesalazine therapy based on patient’s preferences, we can improve the adherence with mesalazine. Our data could be beneficial for the treatment strategy in clinical practice.
|
2022-12-03T09:44:05.488Z
|
233,643,683 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.21037/ACS-2020-RP-16",
"MAG": "3135353473",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Young and middle-aged patients with aortic valve (AV) disease represent a challenging population given their higher cumulative lifetime risk of valve-related complications. Although the ideal AV substitute remains under debate, recent years have seen a significant increase in the use of bioprosthetic surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). However, limited valve durability owing to structural valve degeneration (SVD) and a longer life-expectancy expose younger patients to the inevitable need for reoperative AVR (redo-AVR). Compared to AVR for native AV disease, redoAVR is associated with higher morbidity and mortality unless performed by experienced hands, mainly owing to patient comorbidities. In such patients, transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), specifically valve-in-valve TAVR, may be a viable alternative. However, the long-term durability of valve-in-valve TAVR has not been determined, and limitations such as high residual valve gradients, severe prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM), and coronary artery obstruction continue to plague outcomes. While this therapy may one day shift the treatment paradigm for young patients with AV disease, a prospective strategy in which such patients are advised to undergo bioprosthetic AVR with the anticipation of then performing valve-invalve TAVR cannot currently be recommended (1).
|
2022-01-27T06:48:55.829Z
|
22,067,067 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0253-9624.2011.01.009",
"MAG": "2437100031",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
OBJECTIVE
To explore the effect of new model for tuberculosis (TB) control and management, and provide a scientific basis and justification for making TB control strategies in rural communities.
METHODS
Among those townships with low TB service accessibility by the county TB control institute in Guangxi Xingye county (population of 679 thousands), four townships with total population of 152 518 and inconvenient transportation, were selected as the experimental group to conduct a new model research project.Based on the accessibility for community services, setting diagnosis and treatment management centers in township hospitals, employing family treatment supporters to supervise the treatment process. The TB cases of the base-line and the project expiration of the experimental group were 44 and 117. Meanwhile, three townships including Dapingshan, Longan and Gaofeng in the county with the similar condition and total population of 133 303 were selected as the control group. The control group conducted the provisions of national TB control program in the county TB clinic management. The TB cases of the base-line and the project expiration of the control group were 56 and 110. By double-direction comparison method, the effect of the new model was evaluated through TB patients detection, treatment outcomes and TB control management data. SPSS 13.0 statistical software was adopted and Chi-square test was used for analyzing technical data.
RESULTS
After two-year project research implementation, in the experimental group the detection rate of new smear-positive TB patients increased from 16.39/100 000 (25/152 518) to 51.14/100 000 (78/152 518) (χ(2) = 27.281, P < 0.01), the cure rate of new smear-positive cases increased from 71.4% (15/21)to 91.1% (51/56) (χ(2) = 4.812, P < 0.05), and the completing treatment rate in newly diagnosed smear-negative cases improved from 23.5% (4/17)to 71.4% (15/21) (χ(2) = 8.622, P < 0.01); the loss rate of newly diagnosed smear-positive cases dropped from 23.8% (5/21) to 0.0% (0/56) (χ(2) = 10.608, P < 0.01), and the loss rate of newly diagnosed smear-negative cases decreased from 64.7% (11/17) to 4.8% (1/21) (χ(2) = 15.624, P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the cure rate of new smear-positive cases in the experimental group, 91.1% (51/56), was higher than the control group, 72.0% (36/50) (χ(2) = 6.531, P < 0.05). The loss rate of newly diagnosed smear-positive cases in the experimental group (0.0% (0/56)) was lower than the control group (16.0% (8/50)) (χ(2) = 7.534, P < 0.01). During the project implementation, in the experimental group the on time rate of taking medicine, 91.5% (107/117) and receiving medicine, 100.0% (117/117), the reexamining sputum ratio, 83.6% (98/117) were higher than that in the control group: 81.8% (90/110), 92.7% (102/110) and 64.5% (71/110). The differences were statistically significant (χ(2) = 4.589, 8.820 and 11.005, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The new management model had been proved effective. It can improve TB case detection and cure rates, reduce the loss rate of patients, and improve patient treatment and management conditions as well.
|
2022-02-12T20:34:40.183Z
|
250,853,784 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1088/0256-307X/23/2/066",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) is a powerful imaging technique for medical diagnosis because it combines the merits and most compelling features of light and sound. We describe a PAT experimental system constructed in our laboratory which consists of a Q-switched Nd:YAG pulse laser operating at 532 nm with a 8-ns pulse width to generate the photoacoustic signals from a biological sample. Two-dimensional photoacoustic imaging of blood vessel networks 1cm below the tissue surface is achieved. We also successfully demonstrate that the system is capable of imaging the blood vessels over the ex vivo rat brain with skull and skin intact.
|
2022-07-31T12:42:17.307Z
|
57,364,161 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/IECON.2018.8591475",
"MAG": "2906772542",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
This paper proposes a simplified convex optimization-based sensorless scheme for interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM)drives. The computational burden of the existing convex optimization-based method is significantly reduced by a single variable cost function, which is based on the machine voltage equations in the stationary reference frame. With less computation, the proposed method provides good performance characteristics similar to the existing one, e.g., dynamic speed response and smooth transition between the low and high-speed ranges. The convergence capability of the cost function is also confirmed by a convexity analysis. The feasibility of the control technique is experimentally validated in a test bench, demonstrating the accuracy of the technique and its reduced computational burden.
|
2022-08-11T06:41:17.347Z
|
53,615,061 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.6007/IJARAFMS/V4-I1/570",
"MAG": "2047363751",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The objective of this paper is to examine the relation between share repurchases and stock options. In fact, certain studies demonstrate that the development of stock option plans since the beginning of the 1990s is also considered one explanation for the increase in equity programs for repurchasing shares. We have tested the validity of our hypothesis on a sample of 77 French firms listed during the 2003-2008 period. The results demonstrate a positive link between the performance of near future exercise of employee stock options and share repurchases. The desire to avoid the dilution associated with the performance of stock options can thus be one of the motives for making share repurchases. The results subsequently demonstrate that directors holding a substantial number of stock options encourage companies to make share repurchases. On the other hand, we detected a negative relationship between the existence of managerial stock options and the augmentation of dividends.
|
2022-10-14T00:33:54.303Z
|
59,328,759 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1002/ER.1114",
"MAG": "2064267265",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
For a novel prototype solar collector, using a plate heat pipe, condenser heat transfer was analysed in detail. The condenser has the shape of a rectangular channel. Flow and heat transfer of water in the rectangular channel was modelled and the heat transfer coefficient assessed, using the Fluent code. Under typical operating conditions a mixed convection situation occurs. The channel is inclined and heating is through one wall only (upper channel surface). The range of temperature differences considered was similar to the one verified under real operating conditions, covering a wide range of Grashof numbers. Results showed that the Nusselt number is significantly higher than the one for forced convection in a rectangular channel with fully developed boundary layers. In order to enhance heat transfer, a modification to the rectangular channel was analysed, using baffles to improve flow distribution and increase velocity. The effect of this modification on collector energy performance (efficiency) was assessed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
|
2022-11-23T17:52:49.300Z
|
239,159,774 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.36550/2415-7988-2021-1-195-77-81",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.36550/2415-7988-2021-1-195-77-81"
}
|
The article considers the issue of doing professional (pedagogical) traineeship by university students in a remote form. Based on the analysis of methodological recommendations of the Ministry of Education and Science and educational departments of various universities of Ukraine, the authors consider changes in the content of a remote form of professional pedagogical practice of future teachers and formulate factors that contribute to its organization and fulfillment: the developing of a set of methodological recommendations for trainee students with regard to specifics of the specialty (content of practice by modules, types of activity, determining the procedure for registration and submission of reports, providing samples of documentation); determining the messengers to be used for communication with methodologists and practice leaders; students’ mastering the technologies of online learning – a complex of educational technologies (technologies of developing, projecting, mixed, differentiated, programmed, modular training, etc.), and also information-communication (digital) technologies of creating, compiling and saving, and accessing the electronic educational resources on various subjects (integrated courses), which provide an opportunity to implement the process of remote learning; organization of practice with regular interaction of the subjects of online learning (pupils, teachers, trainee students) during classes and consultations held online and provided by the transmission of video, audio, graphic and textual information in synchronous and asynchronous mode; participation of students in webinars on the chosen specialty to adopt the experience of their teachers-practitioners. Thus, the analysis of the source base provided an opportunity to draw the following conclusions: remote form of industrial pedagogical practice requires: development of a set of methodical recommendations for students-interns taking into account the specifics of the specialty (content of practice by modules, types of activity, determination of the order of registration and submission of reports, provision of samples of documentation); identification of messengers who will communicate with methodologists and practice leaders; mastering by the student of technologies of distance learning - a complex of educational technologies (technologies of developmental, project, mixed, differentiated, programmed, modular training, etc.), and also information and communication (digital) technologies of creation, accumulation, storage and access to electronic educational resources on subjects (integrated courses), which provide an opportunity to implement the process of distance learning; organization of practice with regular interaction of distance learning subjects (students, teachers, trainees) during classes, consultations conducted remotely, and provided by the transmission of video, audio, graphic and textual information in synchronous and asynchronous mode; participation of students in webinars on the profile of the chosen specialty to learn from teachers-practitioners.
|
2022-11-25T00:29:25.097Z
|
99,027,287 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.21886/2308-6424-2016-0-1-93-110",
"MAG": "2613873173",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://www.urovest.ru/jour/article/download/88/86"
}
|
In March 2016 the urological clinic of the Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute named after M.F. Vladimirskiy is 85 years old. The article presents the history of the clinic, described the main stages of the scientific activities of its staff and the contribution to the development of modern science, eminent scientists working in the clinic walls in different years, and working in it today.
|
2022-12-16T20:46:05.344Z
|
15,743,730 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1093/intimm/dxp004",
"MAG": "2128487790",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://academic.oup.com/intimm/article-pdf/21/4/349/2192433/dxp004.pdf"
}
|
The serum of patients with many autoimmune (AI) diseases contains small fractions of antibodies possessing both DNase and RNase activities. It was shown that immunization of rabbits with DNA, RNA, DNase I and RNase leads to production of antibodies with DNase and RNase activities. It is not known whether anti-idiotypic antibodies against DNase II can possess DNase or RNase activity. Electrophoretically and immunologically homogeneous polyclonal IgGs (pIgGs) from the sera of rabbits immunized with DNase II were obtained by sequential chromatography of the serum proteins on Protein A-Sepharose and gel filtration. It was shown for the first time that immunization of healthy rabbits with bovine DNase II produces IgGs with intrinsic DNase and RNase activities. IgGs from rabbits immunized with BSA or non-immunized animals were catalytically inactive. It was shown that approximately 10% of the total IgG DNase and RNase activities belong to anti-idiotypic antibodies to DNase II ( approximately 0.1% of total pIgGs), while 90% of the activities did not interact with Sepharose bearing antibodies against DNase II and might be antibodies to nucleic acids bound to DNase II. Affinity chromatography on DNA-cellulose using elution of antibodies with different concentration of NaCl and an acidic buffer separated catalytic IgGs into five antibody subfractions, three of which hydrolyzed RNA faster than DNA while two subfractions demonstrated only DNase activity. Our data suggest that a fraction of abzymes from AI patients hydrolyzing both DNA and RNA can contain subfraction of antibodies against DNase II.
|
2022-12-18T21:45:39.697Z
|
101,495,829 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.4028/www.scientific.net/DDF.364.174",
"MAG": "2249331491",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Using solid-to-solid couples investigation, this study characterized the reaction products evolved and quantified the diffusion kinetics when pure Mg bonded to AA6061 is subjected to thermal treatment at 300°C for 720 hours, 350°C for 360 hours, and 400°C for 240 hours. Characterization techniques include optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Parabolic growth constants were determined for γ-Mg17Al12, β-Mg2Al3, and the elusive ε-phase. Similarly, the average effective interdiffusion coefficients of major constituents were calculated for Mg (ss), γ-Mg17Al12, β-Mg2Al3, and AA6061. The activation energies and pre-exponential factors for both parabolic growth constant and average effective interdiffusion coefficients were computed using the Arrhenius relationship. The activation energy for growth of γ-Mg17Al12 was significantly higher than that for β-Mg2Al3 while the activation energy for interdiffusion of γ-Mg17Al12 was only slightly higher than that for β-Mg2Al3. Comparisons are made between the results of this study and those of diffusion studies between pure Mg and pure Al [1] to examine the influence of alloying additions in AA6061.
|
2022-12-19T21:40:48.980Z
|
153,314,633 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1145/3317550.3321432",
"MAG": "2942698980",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3317550.3321432"
}
|
Cloud customers want strong, understandable promises (Service Level Objectives, or SLOs) that their applications will run reliably and with adequate performance, but cloud providers don't want to offer them, because they are technically hard to meet in the face of arbitrary customer behavior and the hidden interactions brought about by statistical multiplexing of shared resources. Existing cloud SLOs are more concerned with defending against corner cases than defining normal behavior. This and other tensions make SLOs surprisingly hard to define. We show that this problem shares some similarities with the challenges of applying statistics to make decisions based on sampled data. We argue that a mutually beneficial set of Service Level Expectations (SLEs) and Customer Behavior Expectations (CBEs) ameliorates many of the problems of today's SLOs by explicitly sharing risk between customer and service provider.
|
2022-12-23T20:35:07.447Z
|
153,916,901 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1515/zstw.1994.106.3.605",
"MAG": "1986211792",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Das Interesse an einer Neustrukturierung und Reform der Strafzumessung ist ein weltumspannendes Phänomen . In England hat der Reformprozeß in den frühen achtziger Jahren begonnen; seinen Höhepunkt stellt der Criminal Justice Act von 1991 dar, wohl das umfassendste englische Gesetzgebungswerk zum Strafzumessungsrecht innerhalb der letzten vierzig Jahre . Bevor auf die Regelungen des Criminal Justice Act 1991 näher eingegangen wird, ist es jedoch notwendig, die Grundzüge des traditionellen englischen Strafzumessungsrechts darzustellen. Mit der neuen Gesetzgebung sollte nämlich nicht etwa ein neues Strafzumessungsgesetzbuch geschaffen werden. Der Criminal Justice Act 1991 veränderte zwar einige Aspekte des englischen Systems, ließ jedoch andere unberührt; insgesamt kann er eher als evolutionär denn als revolutionär beschrieben werden.
|
2022-02-09T02:07:04.567Z
|
205,301,424 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/j.1365-2559.2010.03644.x",
"MAG": "1945454080",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Kotzsch M, Bernt K, Friedrich K, Luther E, Albrecht S, Gatzweiler A, Magdolen V, Baretton G, Zietz C & Luther T
(2010) Histopathology 57, 461–471
Prognostic relevance of tumour cell‐associated uPAR expression in invasive ductal breast carcinoma
|
2022-11-20T16:30:26.769Z
|
98,398,297 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1515/hf-2013-0131",
"MAG": "2086039487",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Abstract Three-layer polymeric diphenyl-methane-diisocyanate (pMDI)-bonded particleboards (PBs) were produced with different proportions of simulated recovered wood (rW) in the core layers (cLs) to assess the effect of rW on the formaldehyde (FA) release of PB. A pre-test was conducted on furniture and particle mixtures of rW to determine the range of expectable FA emission of rW. The FA content of the raw particle mixtures could be predicted from the contents of the individual raw material and did not change compared to the PB. FA content correlated strongly with PB-FA emission. It was possible to predict the maximum PB-FA contents, which should not be exceeded according to F**** and CARB 2 by linear regression models. At moderate and high total FA emission levels, the FA emission of the particle mixtures was approximately 60% higher than the emission of PB blocks. At low total FA level, the flask method and the gas analysis method exhibited different results with regard to the emissions from particles and their respective PBs.
|
2022-03-06T05:20:45.669Z
|
210,944,330 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3389/fmicb.2020.00069",
"MAG": "3003165590",
"PubMedCentral": "7003559"
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00069"
}
|
Significant evidence supports a relationship between the gut microbiome, inflammation, host response, and health, including the finding that a number of disorders are associated with disruption of the microbiome. In these disorders, a number of dietary interventions (including prebiotics, live probiotics, or heat-killed microbes) have been proposed to be curative or preventative agents. The use of heat-killed microbes has a number of benefits over living organisms, including reduced infection risk in vulnerable individuals, extended shelf life and the potential for use in combination with antimicrobial agents. We previously reported that murine chow supplemented with 5% ADR-159, a heat-treated fermentate generated by two Lactobacillus strains, altered both behavior and the microbiome of male mice. Now we show that ADR-159 fed female mice also display a similar microbiome shift as determined by 16S rDNA analysis. In particular, we observed a reduction of levels of Turicibacter and Clostridium sensu stricto. These subtle changes in the bacterial component of the microbiome were mirrored by changes in the virome. Extended consumption of the ADR-159 diet had no negative effect on general health and lipocalin 2 levels (LCN2; a proxy for inflammation), but we observed increased IL-17f and decreased IL-12α expression in the colon and decreased short chain fatty acid levels in the ADR-159 fed animals. Four weeks into the diet, half of the animals were dosed with Citrobacter to determine the effect of ADR-159 on infection and on pathogen induced colitis. Overall, our results suggest that while the ADR-159 diet does not prevent Citrobacter infection, it had an effect on Citrobacter-induced inflammation. In contrast to animals fed standard chow, ADR-159 fed animals did not show a reduction of small intestine length and increase of colon crypt depth, which occurred in control mice. These microbiological, histological, and immunological results provide evidence to support the impact of heat-treated microorganisms and their metabolites on the murine microbiome and health.
|
2022-12-30T15:48:18.194Z
|
5,383,063 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1364/AO.23.004575",
"MAG": "2013096794",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
It has been demonstrated previously that a thin phase hologram, recorded in a weak reference condition, is capable of inverting a complex field. Using a computer simulation of the properties of a thin phase hologram, we find the operating conditions and dynamic range for wave-front inversion. The conclusions of the simulation are used for designing an experiment to invert a circulant matrix and the results of the experiment well support the analysis.
|
2022-01-27T08:04:05.855Z
|
170,378,961 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1353/TKS.2006.0021",
"MAG": "2018994977",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
phenomena of Middle-earth, this book instead invites conjecture and debate. Although written for a general audience, the author clearly believes his topic is worthy of intellectual analysis and that his audience has the intellect to understand it. His unique position as author, scientist, and fan converge to create unique insights, some of breathtaking power and beauty. Furthermore, this book insists that science and fantasy exist in a symbiotic relationship, each supporting and nourishing the other. Both, after all, require a desire to explore the implications of existence, to delight in possibility, and to engage the imagination. Though most of the science of Middle-earth must remain, by its very nature, speculative, readers will almost certainly leave this book with an increased respect for Tolkien, science, and the wonders of Middle-earth.
|
2022-02-08T17:22:53.665Z
|
15,679,806 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/ISCCSP.2014.6877834",
"MAG": "1992444642",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
In this paper we consider the driver's heart rate monitoring problem for safety driving. To detect the heart rate of the driver, we adopt seat-embedded piezoelectric sensors. This sensor measures the body vibration caused by the heart beat but the signal also contains the large amount of car body vibration according to the road conditions. For this problem, we propose a heart rate detection system based on the ARX model based filtering technique.
|
2022-02-13T01:43:48.505Z
|
18,986,337 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/ICSMC.1997.638376",
"MAG": "2116599612",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
It is widely accepted that human error is a major contributing factor in aircraft accidents. This research has led to the call for changes in design according to human factors and human-centered principles. The NASA's Langley Research Center has initiated an effort to design a human-centered flight deck from a clean slate (i.e., without constraints of existing designs). The effort will be based on recent research in human-centered design philosophy and mission management categories. This design will match the human's model of the mission and function of the aircraft to reduce unnatural or nonintuitive interfaces. The product of this effort will be a flight deck design description, including training and procedures, and a cross reference or paper trail back to design hypotheses, and an evaluation of the design. This paper discusses the philosophy, process and status of this design effort.
|
2022-09-09T04:45:33.246Z
|
38,581,907 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1136/bmj.2.6182.99",
"MAG": "2076453791",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://www.bmj.com/content/2/6182/99.full.pdf"
}
|
The anti-keratin antibody described here gives a highly specific staining pattern with rat, mouse, and monkey oesophageal keratin and, to a less extent, with human skin. The antibody also reacts with the cortical cells of both human and non-human hair follicles. In human tissue the reaction appears to be both stronger and more specific for the keratogenous zone (fig 2). Experimentally produced antibodies to these proteins cross-react with low-sulphur keratins in the cortical cells of the differentiating hair follicles of guinea-pigs but do not react with the keratogenous zone.6 This suggests that our reaction is different and more specific for fully differentiated keratins. Our results with the less differentiated mouse oesophageal keratin"3 and comparisons with the morphological reactions obtained in the cortical cells of mice (B J J Young; in preparation) support this interpretation. Absorption experiments with heat-aggregated human IgG and chromatography showed that the keratin antibody is an IgG autoantibody, which is unlikely to be related to rheumatoid factor. Thus compared with the SCAT detection of AKA appears to be highly specific for RA; only one patient with scleroderma was positive in the non-RA group. The SCAT is sensitive but not specific for RA. Kellgren et al'4 reported positive reactions in 41 0 of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, 41%o with systemic sclerosis, 13°o with dermatomyositis, and 200O with polyarteritis nodosa, whereas specificity for RA was shown by Valkenburg et all; to increase only as the SCAT titre rises. Moreover, in random sampling in the north of England only 2600 of people with a positive SCAT result had clinical or radiological evidence of RA.16 AKA should have a clinical value in being more specific though less sensitive than the SCAT reaction for RA.
|
2022-10-07T00:56:02.863Z
|
248,397,192 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3389/fmicb.2022.894661",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": "9087593"
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.894661/pdf"
}
|
There is a potential safety risk with ethyl carbamate (EC) in Hongqu Huangjiu production; 90% of the EC in rice wine is produced by the reaction of the urea with the alcohol of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In our previous experiments, we screened and obtained a S. cerevisiae strain JH301 that offered low urea production. However, the key genes responsible for low urea production of strain JH301 remain unclear. Here, the whole genome sequencing of S. cerevisiae strain JH301 was accomplished via a next-generation high-throughput sequencing and long-read sequencing technology. There are six main pathways related to the urea metabolism of strain JH301 based on KEGG pathway mapping. Three species-specific genes are related to the urea metabolism pathways and were found in comparative genome analysis between strains JH301 and S288c during Hongqu Huangjiu production for the first time. Finally, the ARG80 gene was found to be likely a key gene responsible for low urea production of S. cerevisiae strain JH301, as determined by PCR and qRT-PCR check analyses from DNA and RNA levers. In conclusion, the results are useful for a scientific understanding of the mechanism of low urea production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae during Hongqu Huangjiu fermentation. It also is important to control the urea and EC contents in Hongqu Huangjiu production.
|
2022-09-30T17:31:26.096Z
|
155,018,111 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2307/2523300",
"MAG": "2045555961",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
among labor-management personnel regarding strike deadlines. I thought that the section on nonverbal communication (pp. 147-52) was particularly well done, but the suggestion that the mediator might induce a settlement by encouraging appropriate attire seems unlikely in industrial mediation. I would cauition readers about one potential problem. Throughout the volume the auithor refers to "factors," "meastures," suggestions," "q uestions," and "purposes," and then develops a list of items to be considered under each heading. It would be a mistake to take a "cook book" approach to mediation; these listings, by their nature, cannot be stited to every dispute sittuation. Anyone who slavishly followed lists suich as these woulld very likely fail to achieve a settlement.
|
2022-11-15T12:27:09.487Z
|
22,400,151 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3109/00365548.2014.984322",
"MAG": "2065643927",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Abstract Background: Relapse of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection after liver transplantation (LT) is universal. Tolerance for treatment with pegylated-interferon (peg-IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) is suboptimal and withdrawals due to adverse events frequent. We sought to improve tolerance for treatment to improve outcome. Methods: We used concentration-guided RBV dosing to achieve an intended 10 μmol/L concentration with darbepoetin support in combination with peg-IFN alfa-2a, 180 μg for genotype 1 and 135 μg for genotype 2/3 to improve tolerance. Results: A total of 51/54 patients (94%) completed a full treatment course. In the per-protocol analysis 43% of patients (22/51) achieved sustained virological response (SVR), 82% with HCV genotype 2/3 and 22% with genotype 1, p = 0.0001. Patients with IL28B CC achieved SVR in 73% (8/11) and patients with non-CC in 33% (14/43), p = 0.016. Patients with mild fibrosis (fibrosis stage 1–2) achieved SVR in 56% (15/27), and patients with advanced fibrosis (fibrosis stage 3–4) in only 26% (7/27), p = 0.0267. Conclusions: Concentration-guided RBV dosing with darbepoetin support substantially improves tolerance and offers high adherence to a full peg-IFN and RBV treatment course in patients with post-transplant HCV relapse. With this approach genotype 2 and 3 infections can be treated cost-effectively post-transplant. Genotype 1, IL28B non-CC genotype, and advanced fibrosis predicted a low SVR rate.
|
2022-12-13T13:08:13.813Z
|
86,356,621 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1590/S0073-47212004000300007",
"MAG": "2169423269",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The adults of Camelobaetidius billi Thomas & Dominique, 2000 are described for the first time. They can be distinguished from the other known adults of the genus by the following combination of characters: in males, turbinate portion of the compound eyes orange, abdominal color pattern, and the shape and relative length of the forceps articles; in females by the abdominal color pattern. The specimens were collected at Presidente Figueiredo, State of Amazonas, Brazil, and represent the first report of the species in Brazil.
|
2022-12-18T15:20:09.480Z
|
1,280,526 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3109/10826080903443628",
"MAG": "2145358857",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
This article describes the findings of a descriptive analysis of 27 online drug retailers selling legal alternatives to illegal drugs, commonly referred to as “herbal highs” and “legal highs” in . The study attempted to quantify the online availability of drug retailers, to describe common products and characteristics in EU-based retail sales. The findings highlight the concern about the lack of objective information about products offered, including potential risks to health. Systems should be developed to assess the contents of products and the accuracy of information provided on the Internet, alongside continued monitoring of this market for “legal high” substances.
|
2022-12-22T17:21:14.349Z
|
51,972,469 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3389/fphar.2018.00802",
"MAG": "2885328264",
"PubMedCentral": "6102329"
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2018.00802/pdf"
}
|
Nanomedicines are typically submicrometer-sized carrier materials (nanoparticles) encapsulating therapeutic and/or imaging compounds that are used for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases. They are increasingly being used to overcome biological barriers in the body to improve the way we deliver compounds to specific tissues and organs. Nanomedicine technology aims to improve the balance between the efficacy and the toxicity of therapeutic compounds. Nanoparticles, one of the key technologies of nanomedicine, can exhibit a combination of physical, chemical and biological characteristics that determine their in vivo behavior. A key component in the translational assessment of nanomedicines is determining the biodistribution of the nanoparticles following in vivo administration in animals and humans. There are a range of techniques available for evaluating nanoparticle biodistribution, including histology, electron microscopy, liquid scintillation counting (LSC), indirectly measuring drug concentrations, in vivo optical imaging, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and nuclear medicine imaging. Each technique has its own advantages and limitations, as well as capabilities for assessing real-time, whole-organ and cellular accumulation. This review will address the principles and methodology of each technique and their advantages and limitations for evaluating in vivo biodistribution of nanoparticles.
|
2022-12-25T06:55:44.324Z
|
197,823,397 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.17951/teka.2017.12.3.113",
"MAG": "2949455746",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://journals.umcs.pl/teka/article/download/7878/5639"
}
|
In theory, the art of war can meet different approach to the characteristics of the phenomenon of war and peace. Until recently the phenomenon of war and peace could be compared to a magnet, creating a single entity, but having two opposite poles. The new realities of social, economic, political and military relationships between the phenomena of war and peace can be compared to the spectrum of visible light, where peace and war still represent opposite poles, but in between there is the phenomenon (concept) intermediate. Study aims to analyze the situation in the Persian Gulf in the twenty-first century. The article consists of three parts. The first presents the results of research on the origin of the conflict and the assumed political and military objectives. In the second, the conclusions of the Iraqi Freedom operation have been formulated in the context of the goals achieved and their impact on peace-building in the Gulf region. In the last one, an attempt was made to answer the question whether the military intervention of coalition forces in Iraq has led to a solution of the crisis, or rather it has been the beginning of the current problems Europe is facing.
|
2022-02-08T06:26:42.602Z
|
109,773,883 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2298/VETGL1204325B",
"MAG": "1981668358",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
There are frequent cases of poaching in which it is necessary to determine to
which animal species the prey belonged on the basis of morphological
characteristics of the bone. In this case, the Department of Forensic
Medicine received material for giving an expert opinion on the left and right
forearm (radius and ulna) and twelve pieces of the ribs. The ribs were
completely broken, so in order to identify the bones as belonging to a
particular animal species, only the radius and ulna were used. Forensic
analysis was perfomed by comparing the osteological features of the delivered
bones with those of museum specimens of deer and sheep bones. The forearm
(ossa antebrachii) of the deer is slender and thin, and it is massive and
heavier in sheep. There are two interosseus spaces (spatium interosseum
antebrachii) of the forearm in the deer and only one in the sheep. The
olecranon tuber (tuber olecrani) of the sheep is triangular in shape, and in
deer it is divided into cranial and caudal prominences. The radial tuberosity
(tuberositas radii) of the sheep is better defined. Based on morphological
characteristics of the disputed bones we found that the submitted material
originated from a doe.
|
2022-03-25T00:53:36.430Z
|
241,264,038 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.21203/rs.2.18837/v1",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-9455/v1.pdf"
}
|
BackgroundAlthough many studies have reported the association between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary time (ST), and the built environment (BE) among older adults, little is known about these associations in the Chinese older adult population. The purpose of this study was to investigate how various factors in the built environment of Nanjing’s communities influence leisure moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary time among the elderly.MethodsA multilevel cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to April 2017. Altogether, thirty neighborhoods were selected and 586 individuals aged 60 years or older living in the urban zone of NanJing in Southern China were surveyed. Physical activity was measured using Actigraph GT3 Accelerometer. Built environment variables were measured using ArcGIS software. A multivariate linear regression method was used to analyze the factors influencing leisure moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary time among the elderly.ResultsThe percentage of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity of urban elderly within a 1000-m distance reached 76.12%, indicating this zone as appropriate for the study of urban elderly moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. We found that land-use mix (β=8.800, p=0.001) and distance to fitness venue (β=-5.876, p=0.004) influenced moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Population density (β=13.998, p=0.004) and land-use mix (β=-21.62, p=0.033) use influenced sedentary time.ConclusionsOur findings provide support for the association between the built environment and physical activity among the Chinese elderly. Some characteristics of the built environment including land-use mix and distance to fitness venue may affect MVPA, while other characteristics including population density and land-use mix may impact ST. In formulating urban planning policies, the above factors should be taken into account to promote physical activity in older people, encouraging them to modify their sedentary lifestyle and improving their overall health.
|
2022-08-14T11:06:18.703Z
|
2,302,534 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2147/OTT.S103159",
"MAG": "2471219983",
"PubMedCentral": "4922774"
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a kind of chemokine that plays an important role in the development and progression of many human malignancies. Previous studies have uncovered that polymorphisms in IL-8 is associated with the risk of many cancer types, but the results were inconsistent and inconclusive. In the present study, we aimed to explore the roles of IL-8 polymorphisms (rs2227307, rs2227306, +678T/C, rs1126647, and +1633C/T) and cancer risk through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Potential source of heterogeneity was sought out through sensitivity analysis. Desirable data were extracted and registered into databases. Finally, a total of ten publications comprising of 22 case–control studies, including 4,259 cases and 7,006 controls were ultimately eligible for the meta-analysis. No significant association was uncovered for all the five polymorphisms and the overall cancer risk. However, in the stratification analysis by cancer type, a significantly decreased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma was identified for rs2227306 polymorphism (T vs C: odds ratio [OR] =0.721, 95% confidence interval [CI] =0.567–0.916, Pz=0.007; TT vs CC: OR =0.447, 95% CI =0.274–0.728, Pz=0.001; TT vs TC + CC: OR =0.480, 95% CI =0.304–0.760, Pz=0.002). In conclusion, our data shows that rs2227306 polymorphism plays a protective role in hepatocellular carcinoma risk. Future well-designed studies with a larger sample size are warranted to verify our findings.
|
2022-11-18T00:26:52.691Z
|
253,197,955 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.4103/npmj.npmj_167_22",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBYNCSA",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.4103/npmj.npmj_167_22"
}
|
Introduction: The challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic have necessitated the increasing use of online virtual training platforms. The objectives of the study were to assess the acceptability, appropriateness and feasibility of virtual space in strengthening the research capacity in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Data were collected through an adapted online questionnaire from participants following a 2-day webinar. Both descriptive and inferential (bivariate and multivariate) analyses were done. Results: The findings of the study revealed that 55.2% of participants (n = 424) were males and 66.0% (n = 424) were early career researchers. Two hundred and thirty-six participants (55.7%) (n = 424) reported very good acceptability, 67.9% (n = 424) reported very good appropriateness while 54.7% (n = 424) reported good feasibility of webinar for research capacity strengthening. The rating of knowledge obtained from the webinar as 'excellent' increased the odds of acceptability (odd ratio [OR] = 38.30; P < 0.001), appropriateness (OR = 15.65; P < 0.05), and feasibility (OR = 20.85; P < 0.05). Furthermore, the preference for zoom and other online platforms for learning increased odds of acceptability of the webinar (OR = 2.29; confidence interval [CI]: 0.97–57.39; P < 0.05), appropriateness (OR = 2.55; CI: 1.10–5.91; P < 0.05) and feasibility (OR = 2.34; CI: 0.96–5.74; P < 0.05). Conclusion: The study concluded that webinar was acceptable, appropriate and feasible for strengthening research capacity, although poor internet connectivity and cost of data were the major challenges in Nigeria. However, a learner-centred approach in contents' delivery that ensures optimal learning has the potential of enhancing research capacity strengthening via virtual space.
|
2022-11-24T14:13:05.477Z
|
233,890,508 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1080/03075079.2021.1888079",
"MAG": "3129686160",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "CLOSED",
"url": null
}
|
ABSTRACT This article presents the development, validation and deployment of a scale with which higher education students self-assess their perceived employability. Underpinned by social cognitive career theory and Yorke and Knight’s (2007) USEM model for students’ attainment of employability, a perceived employability questionnaire was developed and piloted with 1849 university students. The final questionnaire was administered with students from over 15 Australian universities, resulting in a sample of 10,193 students. The scale was validated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, resulting in a 14-factor employability measure that met the acceptable validity thresholds. The multi-factor perceived employability scale validates the USEM model and has implications for theory and practice.
|
2022-12-11T22:57:50.274Z
|
239,583,087 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.31227/osf.io/8b23k",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://osf.io/8b23k/download"
}
|
Pengantar kewirausahaan menyajikan konsep kewirausahaan, wirausaha dan impain, karakter, berpikir terhadap perubahan, kreativitas dan inovasi, menganalisis potensi pasar, rencana bisnis, bisnis model canvas
|
2022-12-15T18:00:47.467Z
|
14,906,812 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.4230/OASIcs.SLATE.2014.85",
"MAG": "2137205766",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
This paper presents a project whose main objective is to explore the Ontological-based development of Domain Specific Languages (DSL), more precisely, of their underlying Grammar.
After reviewing the basic concepts characterizing Ontologies and Domain-Specific Languages, we introduce a tool, Onto2Gra, that takes profit of the knowledge described by the ontology and automatically generates a grammar for a DSL that allows to discourse about the domain described by that ontology.
This approach represents a rigorous method to create, in a secure and effective way, a grammar for a new specialized language restricted to a concrete domain. The usual process of creating a grammar from the scratch is, as every creative action, difficult, slow and error prone; so this proposal is, from a Grammar Engineering point of view, of uttermost importance.
After the grammar generation phase, the Grammar Engineer can manipulate it to add syntactic sugar to improve the final language quality or even to add semantic actions.
The Onto2Gra project is composed of three engines. The main one is OWL2DSL, the component that converts an OWL ontology into an attribute grammar. The two additional modules are Onto2OWL, converts ontologies written in OntoDL (a light-weight DSL to describe ontologies) into standard OWL, and DDesc2OWL, converts domain instances written in the DSL generated by OWL2DSL into the initial OWL ontology.
|
2022-12-27T23:00:17.689Z
|
130,177,720 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.25777/0K3B-H287",
"MAG": "2297654313",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
MASSIVE SPATIOTEMPORAL WATERSHED HYDROLOGICAL STORM EVENT RESPONSE MODEL (MHSERM) WITH TIME-LAPSED NEXRAD RADAR FEED Changqing Song Old Dominion University, 2008 Director : Dr. Jaewon Yoon Correctly and efficiently estimating hydrological responses corresponding to a specific storm event at the streams in a watershed is the main goal of any sound water resource management strategy. Methods for calculating a stream flow hydrograph at the selected streams typically require a great deal of spatial and temporal watershed data such as geomorphological data, soil survey, landcover, precipitation data, and stream network information to name a few. However, extracting and preprocessing such data for estimation and analysis is a hugely time-consuming task, especially for a watershed with hundreds of streams and lakes and complicated landcover and soil characteristics. To deal with the complexity, traditional models have to simplify the watershed and the streams network, use average values for each subcatchment, and then indirectly validate the model by adjusting the parameters through calibration and verification. To obviate such difficulties, and to better utilize the new, high precision spatial/temporal data, a new massive spatiotemporal watershed hydrological storm event response model (MHSERM) was developed and implemented on ESRI ArcMap platform. Different from other hydrological modeling systems, the MHSERM calculated the rainfall run off at a resolution of finer grids that reflects high precision spatial/temporal data characteristics of the watershed, not at conventional catchment or subcatchment scales, and that can simulate the variations of terrain, vegetation and soil far more accurately. The MHSERM provides a framework to utilize the USGS DEM and Landcover data, NRCS SSURGO and STATSGO soil data and National Hydrology Dataset (NHD) by handling millions of elements (grids) and thousands of streams in a real watershed and utilizing the Spatiotemporal NEXRAD precipitation data for each grid in pseudo real-time. Specifically, the MHSERM model has the following new functionalities: 1. Grid the watershed on the basis of high precision data like USGS DEM and Landcover data, NRCS SSURGO and STATSGO soil data, e.g., at a 30 meter by 30 meter resolution; 2. Delineate catchments based on the USGS National Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and the stream network data of the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD); 3. Establish the stream network and routing sequence for a watershed with hundreds of streams and lakes extracted from the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) either in a supervised or unsupervised manner; 4. Utilize the NCDC NEXRAD precipitation data as spatial and temporal input, and extract the precipitation data for each grid; 5. Calculate the overland runoff volume, flow path and slope to the stream for each grid; 6. Dynamically estimates time of concentration to the stream for each interval, and only for the grids with rainfall excess, not for the whole catchment; 7. Deal with different hydrologic conditions (Good, Fair, Poor) for landcover data and different Antecedent Moisture Condition (AMC); 8. Process single or a series of storm events automatically; thus, the MHSERM model is capable of simulating both discrete and continuous storm events; 9. Calculate the temporal flow rate (i.e., hydrograph) for all the streams in the stream network within the watershed, save them to a database for further analysis and evaluation of various what-if scenarios and BMP designs. In MHSERM model, the SCS Curve number method is used for calculating overland flow runoff volume, and the Muskingum-Cunge method is used for flow routing of the stream network.
|
2022-01-27T07:48:36.525Z
|
216,183,177 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1039/d0na00091d",
"MAG": "3015428908",
"PubMedCentral": "9418529"
},
"license": "CCBYNC",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2020/na/d0na00091d"
}
|
Herein, we report a fine-tuning of the two-dimensional alkali–pyridyl coordination assemblies facilely realized by surface reaction between tetrapyridyl-porphyrin molecules and alkali halides on Ag(111) under a solventless ultrahigh vacuum condition. High-resolution scanning tunneling topography and X-ray photoelectron spectra reveal the formation of alkali–pyridyl coordination and the induced conformational tuning of the porphyrin macrocycle cores. Furthermore, employing other different alkali halide substitutes, we demonstrate a fine-tuning of the metal–organic nanostructures at the sub-Å scale. Postdeposition of Fe onto the as-formed precursor layer yields a two-dimensional bimetallic framework structure, manifesting a functionalization of the metal–organic interfaces.
|
2022-09-30T00:30:12.398Z
|
129,454,082 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1163/221160008X00172",
"MAG": "2024689810",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
As scientific knowledge of marine areas beyond national jurisdiction increases and developments in oceans technology permit greater access to the high seas water column and the deep seabed, new and more intensive uses of these areas occur with consequential impacts on the marine environment. The discovery of hydrothermal vents in 1977 revealed communities of organisms with unique genetic and biochemical properties which can be used for a seemingly limitless catalogue of medical, pharmaceutical and industrial applications. Similar repositories of genetic and biochemical resources have been discovered in other deep sea environments such as cold water seeps and it is expected that sediment communities of the deep seabed will eventually reveal comparable but more sparsely distributed diversity.
|
2022-12-10T09:23:03.800Z
|
1,324,228 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1191/026921598677459668",
"MAG": "2145569632",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Objective: To compare the reliability of measurements of hip motions obtained with two instruments, an electronic inclinometer and a two-arm goniometer, and to investigate whether the two instruments, and different body positions, produce the same measurement data. Methods: Maximal active and passive hip movements were measured simultaneously with both instruments, in nine subjects during 10 consecutive measurements at short intervals. Results: Intra-observer variability was lower with the inclinometer in measurements of passive hip rotations. The two instruments showed equal intra-observer variability for hip movements in general. The inclinometer showed lower inter-observer variability in the measurements of active internal rotation. More rotational movement was measured with the two-arm goniometer; more extension and flexion with the inclinometer. Also, more rotational movement was found in the prone position compared to sitting and supine positions. Conclusions: The inclinometer is more reliable in measurements of hip rotation. For hip movements in general the two-arm goniometer is just as accurate when used by only one observer. The two instruments, and some positions, are not interchangeable during consecutive measurements.
|
2022-12-10T09:46:23.121Z
|
204,623,607 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.24136/atest.2019.178",
"MAG": "2974112899",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "http://economic-research.pl/Journals/index.php/atest/article/download/1703/1590"
}
|
Dynamic growth of automotive indicator and increasing level of freight being carried in the Polish cities are causing serious transport problems. Migration to the cities is a trend observed still in Poland that is expected to continue. Bottlenecks, delivery obstacles, congestion, traffic jams and air pollutions require prompt organizational and technological intervention. The article starts a discussion about the condition of the urban logistics in Poland, comparing various models from the local government authorities point of view and inhabitants. The author outlines the barriers and obstacles in the planning and implementing of the modern urban logistical solutions. The majority of municipal and local government authorities, despite the declared enthusiasm for the smart city concept, prefer traditional infrastructure investments, instead of joint and interdisciplinary planning of the combined organizational and technological solutions tailored to the needs of a specific city. There is an urgent need to introduce regulations limiting freight traffic in the Polish cities, road tolls depending on emissivity, payloads, parking infrastructure. There should be rules planned determining time windows in the urban transport, organizing in-city consolidation centers, etc. The paper includes recommendations for creating Urban Vehicle Access Regulation Schemes for the Polish cities. The article includes also the findings and recommendation for the Polish cities in the field of urban logistics. The author emphasizes, however, that there is still a lack of long-term investment plans in the field of logistics and freight transport in so-called smart cities. The paper demonstrates that the efficiency of the functioning of Po-land’s urban logistics network does not necessarily imply cost-intensive infrastructural development. The optimization of logistics activities should be brought about in urbanized areas primarily based on the organisational changes in the transportation system, customs, habits and behavioral patterns of its users as well as the altered functions of selected. Such an approach is the closest to the views expressed by the inhabitants; however, it all too often proves contradictory to the interests of the other stakeholders of the system. Any changes to the city’s transport layouts or systems, or mobility policies (as a broader concept), call for a broad public contribution when it comes to consulting projects and designing the improvements. Organisational and financial support is likewise indispensable, along with the development of an incentives system. The author also pointed out a need to monitor comprehensively the solutions in the field of urban logistics and urban freight transport of the Polish cities using socio-economic analysis tools. The selected methods of evaluating the urban logistics solutions, incl. comparative best practices analysis, have been discussed.
|
2022-03-25T00:54:18.121Z
|
122,087,632 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1117/1.600923",
"MAG": "2015790495",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Optical fibers of 50-µm core diameter are investigated for
high-quality beam delivery of moderate power (30 W cw) Nd:YAG laser
light. The fiber output near-field profile is important for materials processing
applications, but is dependent on the modal distribution within the
fiber, together with any intermodal interference. Launch optics design,
mode-coupling, and modulation techniques are investigated as methods
of controlling this beam profile, together with any associated beam quality
(M2) changes. As an example application, high-precision, small kerfwidth
cutting of stainless steel is demonstrated.
|
2022-07-22T22:47:49.755Z
|
137,213,331 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1364/AOIPM.1998.ATUD28",
"MAG": "2054657385",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
In recent years, optical imaging methods have shown promise as a noninvasive, relatively safe, portable and inexpensive modality for a wide range of applications in biomedicine.
|
2022-09-07T17:45:34.008Z
|
31,129,878 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1053/BERH.2001.0222",
"MAG": "2087198744",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a connective tissue disease characterized by the formation of autoantibodies and immune complexes. The heart and lungs are among the organ systems commonly affected in SLE. Pericarditis, premature coronary atherosclerosis, pleuritis and pulmonary infections are the most prevalent cardiopulmonary manifestations. Other rare associations include myocarditis, coronary arteritis, acute lupus pneumonitis/pulmonary haemorrhage, acute reversible hypoxaemia and 'shrinking lung' syndrome. Current imaging modalities may provide earlier detection of subclinical disease, which may aid in preventing these potentially fatal complications. The response to treatment varies, depending on the presentation of disease. In this chapter we address the frequency, diagnosis and monitoring, and treatment regimens of cardiac and pulmonary involvement in patients with SLE.
|
2022-09-14T09:23:03.738Z
|
8,503,078 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.7150/IJBS.5.366",
"MAG": "2079100084",
"PubMedCentral": "2686094"
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) is involved in many cellular processes including cell cycle progression, DNA damage response, transcriptional regulation, viral infection, and apoptosis. These cellular activities often rely on the localization of PML to unique subnuclear structures known as PML nuclear bodies (NBs). More than 50 cellular proteins are known to traffic in and out of PML NBs, either transiently or constitutively. In order to understand the dynamics of these NBs, it is important to delineate the regulation of PML itself. PML is subject to extensive regulation at transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels. Many of these modes of regulation depend on the cellular context and the presence of extracellular signals. This review focuses on the current knowledge of regulation of PML under normal cellular conditions as well as the role for regulation of PML in viral infection and cancer.
|
2022-12-18T10:59:21.693Z
|
250,127,882 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3390/su14137854",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/13/7854/pdf?version=1656397693"
}
|
Shanghai is one of the world-leading megapolises facing the challenge of ecological sustainable development. The recyclable waste from households (RWH) generated in Shanghai has increased rapidly since the implementation of garbage classification in 2019. However, there are no rigorous data on the generation and collection of RWH, and the corresponding countermeasures are required to be studied. This paper attempted to investigate RWH generation and identify the effects of RWH recycling in Shanghai. We used questionnaires combined with a field survey to investigate the competent authorities and leading recycling enterprises to analyze the characteristics of RWH generation. We conducted a monthly survey of 52 leading recycling enterprises in 11 typical districts for 2020. We also identified the main influencing factors of RWH generation using a multiple linear regression model. In addition, we popularized the model to estimate Shanghai’s RWH generation rate. Results show that data from leading recycling enterprises surveys were more accurate and reached a maximum of 82,104.77 kg/cap/month in November 2020. Higher RWH generation was found in suburban districts at 36,396.20 kg/cap/month. Shanghai’s RWH generation rate was 6253.60 t/d through model calculation. The educational level of household managers, regional economic condition, resident population, and disposable income impact RWH generation. Based on the abovementioned results, the implications for RWH management were discussed. We propose to promote the combination of theoretical simulation and information data platform construction. Meanwhile, it is also necessary to improve the capacity of the collection and transport system and accelerate the construction of pre-treatment bases in Shanghai.
|
2022-12-22T14:21:27.924Z
|
24,114,009 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.4269/AJTMH.2000.62.128",
"MAG": "2112941009",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Human visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) transmitted by blood transfusion has been described in previous reports. Seroprevalence of antibodies to Leishmania donovani was shown to be related to prior blood transfusions in multiply transfused hemodialysis patients in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. In this study, a possible correlation between seroreactivity and the presence of L. donovani DNA was investigated in asymptomatic healthy blood donors. Sera were tested using the fucose mannose ligand (FML) ELISA, which was shown to have a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 96-100%, reliability, and diagnostic and prognostic potential for the detection of human and canine kala-azar, respectively. Leishmanial DNA was assessed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and dot-blot hybridization techniques in blood and bone marrow samples. Among 21 FML-seroreactive asymptomatic blood donors, 5 (24%) were positive by the PCR and 9 (43%) were positive in a dot-blot assay of blood samples, showing a significant correlation (chi2 = 14.24, P < 0.01). No Leishmania DNA was detected in 20 FML non-reactive blood donors. Our results point to the need for control of transmission of kala-azar by blood transfusion in areas endemic for this disease.
|
2022-12-28T18:08:27.957Z
|
34,661,307 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1039/c5cc08890a",
"MAG": "2176727280",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://eprints.ucm.es/id/eprint/41682/1/CC-2016-52-665-preprint.pdf"
}
|
Chiral graphene quantum dots were prepared by acidic exfoliation and oxidation of graphite, dialysis, and esterification with enantiomerically pure (R) or (S)-2-phenyl-1-propanol. Circular dichroism studies support the formation of supramolecular aggregates with pyrene molecules, where a transfer of chirality occurs from the chiral graphene quantum dots to the pyrene.
|
2022-12-29T16:15:15.173Z
|
154,364,493 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2307/2077918",
"MAG": "2099541723",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Systemic risk refers to the propagation of a bank's economic distress to other economic agents linked to that bank through financial transactions. Banking authorities often prevent systemic risk through an implicit insurance of interbank claims, or by reducing interbank transactions and centralizing banks' liquidity management. This paper investigates whether the flexability afforded by decentralized bank interactions can be preserved while protecting the central banks from the necessity of conducting undesired rescue operations. It develops a model in which decentralized interbank leading is motivated by peer monitoring. In this context, the paper derives the optimal prudential rules, and, in particular, looks at the impact of interbank monitoring on the solvency and liquidity ratios of borrowing and lending banks. Last, it provides conditions which a Too Big To Fail policy is or is not justified and studies the possibility of propagation of a bank's liquidity shock throughout the financial system. Copyright 1996 by Ohio State University Press.
|
2022-12-30T18:03:36.678Z
|
246,443,190 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1071/FP21193",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
K+ availability is important for growth and quality of tea (Camellia sine sis L.). K solubilising bacteria convert insoluble K to available K. This study was conducted to screen K solubilising bacteria isolated from tea rhizosphere soil in Qimen county, Anhui province, China. The maximum K solubilisation colony (the ratio of diameter halo/colony was 2.54) was identified as Burkholderia sp. (storage number: M2021105) by biochemistry and molecular analysis. Pot experiments (Laterite) showed that the inoculation of Burkholderia sp. significantly improved tea plant height (Zhongcha108, 1 year old) and total polyphenols content by 21.14% and 21.58% compared with the control, respectively. Higher polyphenol level promoted the formation of theaflavin in the fermentation experiments. Further experiments showed that tartaric acid and pryuvic acid produced by Burkholderia sp. are important components associated with K solubilisation in vitro. Burkholderia sp. significantly increased soil available K by 15.12%; however, there was no significant difference in available N and P, and Cu, Mg, Zn and Ca compared with the control. K content in inoculated tea roots and leaves was significantly higher (50% and 10%, respectively) than the control. Compared with the control, exogenous supply of 60mgkg-1 K significantly increased levels of polyphenol (53.97%), theaflavin (16.31%), theaflavin-3-gallate (20%), theaflavin 3'-gallic acid ester (32.24%) and theaflavin 3,3'-gallic acid ester (40.95%). Due to its ability to enable higher available soil K, ur study indicated that Burkholderia sp. have potential to increase total polyphenols content be a bio-inoculant for biofortification of tea.
|
2022-08-20T01:12:14.511Z
|
198,833,632 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.21068/C2019.V20N01A05",
"MAG": "2955025908",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
We present the results of three years of sampling of amphibians and reptiles in different habitats in the municipality of San Jose del Guaviare, Guaviare, Colombia. We conducted four field excursions between 2012 and 2014 and found a total of 40 amphibian and 63 reptile species, representing a sampling coverage of 98 % for amphibians and 93 % for reptiles. Collection records and literature search increased our species list by 7 amphibians and 4 reptiles, for a total of 47 amphibians and 67 reptile species recorded for the region. Also, for the first time in Colombia, we documented the presence of the lizard Gymnophthalmus leucomystax , and confirmed the expansion of the distribution of the frog Boana maculateralis , and the snakes Atractus collaris , Atractus fuliginosus and Epictia amazonica in the department of Guaviare. Since most of the species found are from the central and western region of San Jose del Guaviare, sampling towards the eastern region, which has higher forest cover and less perturbed habitats, will undoubtedly increase the number of recorded species.
|
2022-08-30T13:03:48.147Z
|
23,068,481 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/j.1651-2227.1989.tb11156.x",
"MAG": "2161615987",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
ABSTRACT. Research on infant feeding practices indicate distinct social class‐ and country‐specific patterns for breastfeeding. In industrialized countries educated upper class women breastfeed more often than women from lower classes and discriminated ethnic minorities. The reverse is true for developing countries, with high rates among traditional groups and low rates among the educated upper class women. The reasons for these discrepancies need to be studied to find more effective promotional messages for these groups of mothers in which the current rate of breastfeeding is low. Possible reasons leading to different attitudes toward breastfeeding in different socioeconomical and cultural environments are discussed.
|
2022-09-09T05:31:57.277Z
|
19,237,746 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1371/journal.pone.0180594",
"MAG": "2725083004",
"PubMedCentral": "5498037"
},
"license": "CC0",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0180594&type=printable"
}
|
Purpose Space travel is associated with an exposure to low-dose rate ionizing radiation and the microgravity environment, both of which may lead to impairments in cardiac function. We used a mouse model to determine short- and long-term cardiac effects to simulated microgravity (hindlimb unloading; HU), continuous low-dose rate γ-irradiation, or a combination of HU and low-dose rate γ-irradiation. Methods Cardiac tissue was obtained from female, C57BL/6J mice 7 days, 1 month, 4 months, and 9 months following the completion of a 21 day exposure to HU or a 21 day exposure to low-dose rate γ-irradiation (average dose rate of 0.01 cGy/h to a total of 0.04 Gy), or a 21 day simultaneous exposure to HU and low-dose rate γ-irradiation. Immunoblot analysis, rt-PCR, high-performance liquid chromatography, and histology were used to assess inflammatory cell infiltration, cardiac remodeling, oxidative stress, and the methylation potential of cardiac tissue in 3 to 6 animals per group. Results The combination of HU and γ-irradiation demonstrated the strongest increase in reduced to oxidized glutathione ratios 7 days and 1 month after treatment, but a difference was no longer apparent after 9 months. On the other hand, no significant changes in 4-hydroxynonenal adducts was seen in any of the groups, at the measured endpoints. While manganese superoxide dismutase protein levels decreased 9 months after low-dose γ-radiation, no changes were observed in expression of catalase or Nrf2, a transcription factor that determines the expression of several antioxidant enzymes, at the measured endpoints. Inflammatory marker, CD-2 protein content was significantly decreased in all groups 4 months after treatment. No significant differences were observed in α-smooth muscle cell actin protein content, collagen type III protein content or % total collagen. Conclusions This study has provided the first and relatively broad analysis of small molecule and protein markers of oxidative stress, T-lymphocyte infiltration, and cardiac remodeling in response to HU with simultaneous exposure to low-dose rate γ-radiation. Results from the late observation time points suggest that the hearts had mostly recovered from these two experimental conditions. However, further research is needed with larger numbers of animals for a more robust statistical power to fully characterize the early and late effects of simulated microgravity combined with exposure to low-dose rate ionizing radiation on the heart.
|
2022-11-24T15:03:05.339Z
|
159,731,814 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.4000/PALEO.2633",
"MAG": "14822911",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Une carte des principales formations a silex du sud de la France est en cours de realisation. Elle propose, a tous les prehistoriens, une base necessaire au developpement d’etudes interregionales sur la circulation des silex. Elle est le fruit d’une collaboration entre des acteurs impliques dans la problematique de caracterisation de la provenance des silex. Elle regroupe les resultats de leurs prospections systematiques ou ciblees dans six regions (Aquitaine, Auvergne, Languedoc-Roussillon, Midi-Pyrenees, Provence-Alpes-Cote-d’Azur, Rhone-Alpes). Elle integre, en plus, le depouillement d’un grand nombre de documents : i) les principaux articles et theses traitant des formations a silex du sud de la France ; ii) plus de 200 fiches issues de la base de donnees du sous-sol BSS du BRGM, qui permettent de visualiser des logs ou des documents scannes ; iii) 529 cartes geologiques a 1/50 000 et leurs notices. La carte est organisee en trois couches de donnees superposables : une carte des affleurements ou gites primaires, une carte des alterites et des formations superficielles remaniees et une carte des formations alluviales. La carte existera dans deux versions numeriques aisement actualisables : une version dans un format PDF et une version sous la forme d’un SIG. C’est l’ensemble de la formation contenant le ou les meme(s) type(s) de silex qui est prise en compte, le terme de formation designant un terrain possedant des caracteres communs et qui constitue un ensemble cartographiable. Chacune des formations recensees fait l’objet d’une notice simplifiee qui decrit l’encaissant et - le ou les - type(s) de silex present(s). Ces notices descriptives et explicatives contiennent des photos a toutes les echelles (de la formation a l’echelle microscopique). Des references bibliographiques geologiques et archeologiques completeront chaque notice. La version definitive de ces notices constituera un atlas. Les archeologues et geologues disposeront ainsi de fiches descriptives pour chaque type de silex et son encaissant. Elles serviront aux diagnoses analytiques (structures, textures et compositions mineralogiques).
|
2022-12-14T17:58:01.978Z
|
43,604,659 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1021/BI00611A010",
"MAG": "2081080763",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The complete primary structure of the major component myoglobin from the humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae, was determined by specific cleavage of the protein to obtain large peptides which are readily degraded by the automatic sequencer. Over 80% of the amino acid sequence was established from the three peptides resulting from the cleavage of the acetimidated apomyoglobin at the three arginine residues with trypsin. The further digestion of the central cyanogen bromide peptide with trypsin and S. aureus strain V8 protease enabled the determination of the remainder of the covalent structure. This myoglobin differs from that of sperm whale, Physeter catodon, at 12 positions, and dwarf sperm whale, Kogia simus, at 14 positions, finback whale Balaenoptera physalus at 3 positions, minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata at 2 positions, and California gray whal Eschrichtius gibbosus, at 1 position. All of the substitutions observed in this sequence fit readily into the three-dimensional structure of sperm whale myoglobin.
|
2022-12-14T00:15:53.480Z
|
187,311,023 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.34010/agregasi.v6i2.1136",
"MAG": "2943575598",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBYNC",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://ojs.unikom.ac.id/index.php/agregasi/article/download/1136/844"
}
|
Indonesia merupakan bangsa yang secara politik dan secara formal merdeka sejak 17 Agustus 1945, dan diakui dari negara luar yaitu dari Sabang sampai Merauke. Indonesia menganut sistem pemerintahan Presidensial yaitu Presiden sebagai kepala Negara sekaligus kepala Pemerintahan. Presiden juga dibantu oleh wakil Presiden dan menteri-menteri dalam kabinet yang memegang kekuasaan eksekutif untuk melaksanakan tugas-tugas pemerintaha sehari-hari.Sejarah perjalanan lembaga Kepresidenan Indonesia mempunyai keunikan tersendiri, dengan khas-khas siapa yang menjadi pemimpin saat itu. Pada konstitusi pun indonesia setidaknya ada tiga sampai empat kali perubahan konstitusi. Selama lebih dari tujuh puluh dua tahun kemerdekaan, Indonesia telah memiliki tujuh presiden. Presiden Soekarno, Presiden Soeharto, Presiden BJ Habibie, Presiden Abdurrahman Wahid, Presiden Megawati Soekarnoputri, Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono dan Presiden Joko Widodo. Setiap presiden memiliki gayanya sendiri dalam memimpin. Semua Presiden diharapkan kesejahteraan semua rakyat Indonesia, di mana kepemimpinan akan bertanggung jawab, baik di hadapan manusia juga di hadapan Tuhan nanti
|
2022-12-23T06:53:48.789Z
|
227,030,034 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1004-4477.2013.05.011",
"MAG": "3032174014",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Objective To study clinical value of echocardiography in prenatal diagnosis,classification and follow-up after birth of isolated ventricular septal defect (i-VSD).Methods In 6145 fetuses undergoing fetal echocardiography,95 fetuses were diagnosed with i-VSD.The characteristics of fetal echocardiography,pathological classification of i-VSD,findings of genetic examination and follow-up of evolution of VSD were analyzed.Results In 95 fetuses with i-VSD,color Doppler flow imaging displayed bi-directional shunts at the ventricular level.Defect sizes ranged from 0.9 mm to 13.4 mm,averaged (3.3 ± 2.0)mm.There were 60 cases (63.2％) with perimembranous i-VSD,33 cases (34.7％) with muscular i-VSD,1 cases (1.1％)with subarterial i-VSD,1 cases (1.1％) with multiple i-VSD.Chromosome tests were performed successfully in 32 cases.Among these cases,there were 3 cases (9.4％) with Trisomy 21,1 case (3.12％)with Trisomy 18 and 28 cases with normal chromosomes.Among the cases,14 were lost to follow-up,50 were life labor,5 were stillbirth,23 were induced abortion and 3 had not finished follow-up.Among 50 cases of life labor,VSD were naturally closed in 13 cases (25％) prenatally or in one year after the birth.VSD were surgically repaired in 2 cases after birth.35 cases were still under follow-up.Conclusions Solitary and perimembranous i-VSDs were the most common types.Part of fetal i-VSDs naturally closed after birth.Prenatal i-VSD is a valuable suggestive clue for genetic abnormalities.Echocardiography has an important value in prenatal diagnosis,follow-up and treatment of VSD and may play an important role in predicting fetal genetic abnormality.
Key words:
Ultrasonography,prenatal; Heart septal defect,ventricular; Chromosome aberrations
|
2022-01-27T16:29:13.721Z
|
238,280,189 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.7176/jpid/58-02",
"MAG": "3138833579",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "HYBRID",
"url": "https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JPID/article/download/55446/57260"
}
|
This study investigated the impact of cash-oriented non-farm activities on poverty reduction among rural farm households in Ambo district of West Shoa zone of Oromia region, Ethiopia. It was conducted in the five selected kebeles; namely Golja, Ya’i Chebo, Uko Korke, Ilamu Goromti and Birbirsa Kulit . Cross-sectional survey was employed to collect data from 300 respondents, in which 150 were participants and 150 were non-participants in remunerative non-farm activities. The cost of basic needs approach was used to estimate absolute poverty line, and the Foster, Greer and Thorbeck index to determine the incidence, depth and severity of poverty among participant and non-participant households. The study employed logit model to identify determinants of non-farm activities participation and propensity score matching method to analyze the impact of non-farm activities on poverty. The study finds that 26.33% of households in the study area are poor. The incidence, depth and severity of poverty were found to be higher among non-participant households than among participant households. The result of logit regression indicated that gender, marital status of household head, dependency ratio, skill, access to credit and distance to the nearest market are identified as determinants of participation in non-farm activities. The propensity score matching results indicated that participation in remunerative non-farm activities has a significant effect on the households’ consumption expenditure level. The average treatment effect of treated indicated that, the average monthly per capita consumption expenditure of participant is birr 72.31 more than non-participants households. These results indicate that the participation in remunerative non-farm activities improved the livelihood of households in the study district. Thus, while this study is not advocating for non-farm economic activities as a substitute to farming, non-farm work could be a reliable complement to farming activities. The promotion of non-farm activities in addition to farm activities seems indispensable to alleviate rural poverty. Keywords: Poverty, Rural farm households, Impact, Non-farm activities, Propensity score matching DOI: 10.7176/JPID/58-02 Publication date: January 31 st 2021
|
2022-09-15T22:38:14.906Z
|
154,949,720 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/irj.12063",
"MAG": "2158119996",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
This paper studies how employees anticipate change in social relations after a strike in their organisation. We hypothesise that two group norms affect employees' fear that a strike deteriorates the social relations with their colleagues. We distinguish between two different norms associated with a collective action problem such as a strike. A ‘solidarity norm’ prescribes that workers should participate in collective protest when called for. A ‘free rider punishment norm’ describes whether and how violators of the solidarity norm should be treated. While the former itself theoretically does not impact intra-group social relations, the latter one does. We test our hypotheses on a data set of 468 Dutch union members. Adherence to the free rider punishment norm significantly increases a fear for deterioration of social relations with colleagues after a strike, while adherence to the solidarity norm does not. We also find a moderating effect of expected proportion of strikers. The results are discussed with reference to industrial relations theory and mobilisation theory, further probing into mechanisms that relate social norms to the (anticipated) costs of participation and the quality of social relations after a strike.
|
2022-12-11T22:54:22.137Z
|
8,941,324 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1590/S0034-737X2010000600013",
"MAG": "2085086213",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a producao, a persistencia e os efeitos de coberturas vegetais sobre as plantas daninhas e a produtividade do algodoeiro em sistema plantio direto. Os tratamentos consistiram das especies de cobertura: milheto (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Brown), Brachiaria ruziziensis Germain & Evrard, sorgo forrageiro (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), capim-pe-de-galinha (Eleusine coracana L. Gaerth), Crotalaria juncea L., Crotalaria spectabilis Roth, aveia-preta (Avena strigosa Schreb.), nabo forrageiro (Raphanus sativus L.), P. glaucum + C. juncea, P. glaucum + C. spectabilis, B. ruziziensis + C. juncea, B. ruziziensis + C. spectabilis, S. bicolor + C. juncea, S. bicolor + C. spectabilis, E. coracana + C. juncea, E. coracana + C. spectabilis, A. strigosa + R. sativus, P. glaucum + R. sativus e pousio. As especies foram semeadas no final do verao, apos a colheita de soja, e o algodoeiro BRS 269-Buriti, nove meses apos. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repeticoes. As especies B. ruziziensis, B. ruziziensis + C. juncea, B. ruziziensis + C. spectabilis e P. glaucum + R. sativus produziram mais de 6,8 t ha-1 de biomassa seca. A palhada produzida pela B. ruziziensis garantiu boa cobertura do solo durante o ciclo do algodoeiro. A biomassa seca de B. ruziziensis, B. ruziziensis + C. juncea e B. ruziziensis + C. spectabilis reduziu a infestacao de plantas daninhas ate a epoca de semeadura do algodao e durante os estadios iniciais de seu desenvolvimento. Palhas de R. sativus e A. strigosa, solteiras e consorciadas, interferiram negativamente na produtividade do algodoeiro.
|
2022-12-18T17:57:47.812Z
|
25,464,957 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1017/S0950268800057976",
"MAG": "2135176459",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Summary Measles incidence in England and Wales has fallen to an all-time low. Attention is now focused on preventing local outbreaks, and, in the long run, on the elimination of indigenous measles. A realistic age-structured (RAS) mathematical model of measles transmission is used to reconstruct the impact of measles vaccination in England and Wales from 1968 to the present and to evaluate the merits of future policy options. In general, the predictions of the model show good agreement with long-term age stratified case reports and seroprevalence surveys. The model underestimates the proportion of cases that are notified in 0–2-year-old children. However, recent work suggests a high degree of misdiagnosis in this age group. Projections on the basis of the existing vaccination strategy in the UK suggest that the present level of measles vaccine coverage will be insufficient to eliminate small seasonal outbreaks of measles. This result is, however, sensitive to the assumed level of vaccine efficacy. Explorations of a variety of changes to current vaccination strategy favour a 2-dose schedule with the second dose administered at age 4 years irrespective of vaccination history. A vaccination campaign in school-age children, to reduce deficits in herd immunity, would accelerate progress towards measles elimination.
|
2022-12-21T00:04:10.894Z
|
107,115,557 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1002/9780470549087",
"MAG": "602359550",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
PREFACE. NOTATION AND ABBREVIATIONS. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION. 1.1 From the Metal Column to the Structural System. 1.2 Scope and Summary of the Guide. 1.3 Mechanical Properties of Structural Metals. 1.4 Definitions. 1.5 Postbuckling Behavior. 1.6 Credits for the Chapters in the Sixth Edition of the SSRC Guide. References. CHAPTER 2 STABILITY THEORY. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Bifurcation Buckling. 2.3 Limit-Load Buckling. References. CHAPTER 3 CENTRALLY LOADED COLUMNS. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Column Strength. 3.3 Influence of Imperfections. 3.4 Influence of End Restraint. 3.5 Strength Criteria for Steel Columns. 3.6 Aluminum Columns. 3.7 Stainless Steel Columns. 3.8 Tapered Columns. 3.9 Built-Up Columns. 3.10 Stepped Columns. 3.11 Guyed Towers. References. CHAPTER 4 PLATES. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Elastic Local Buckling of Flat Plates. 4.3 Inelastic Buckling, Postbuckling, and Strength of Flat Plates. 4.4 Buckling, Postbuckling, and Strength of Stiffened Plates. 4.5 Buckling of Orthotropic Plates. 4.6 Interaction between Plate Elements. References. CHAPTER 5 BEAMS. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Elastic Lateral-Torsional Buckling, Prismatic I-Section Members. 5.3 Fundamental Comparison of Design Standards, Prismatic I-Section Members. 5.4 Stepped, Variable Web Depth and Other Nonprismatic I-Section Members. 5.5 Continuous-Span Composite I-Section Members. 5.6 Beams with Other Cross-Sectional Types. 5.7 Design for Inelastic Deformation Capacity. 5.8 Concluding Remarks. References. CHAPTER 6 PLATE GIRDERS. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Preliminary Sizing. 6.3 Web Buckling as a Basis for Design. 6.4 Shear Strength of Plate Girders. 6.5 Girders with No Intermediate Stiffeners. 6.6 Steel Plate Shear Walls. 6.7 Bending Strength of Plate Girders. 6.8 Combined Bending and Shear. 6.9 Plate Girders with Longitudinal Stiffeners. 6.10 End Panels. 6.11 Design of Stiffeners. 6.12 Panels under Edge Loading. 6.13 Fatigue. 6.14 Design Principles and Philosophies. 6.15 Girders with Corrugated Webs. 6.16 Research Needs. References. CHAPTER 7 BOX GIRDERS. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Bases of Design. 7.3 Buckling of Wide Flanges. 7.4 Bending Strength of Box Girders. 7.5 Nominal Shear Strength of Box Girders. 7.6 Strength of Box Girders under Combined Bending, Compression, and Shear. 7.7 Influence of Torsion on Strength of Box Girders. 7.8 Diaphragms. 7.9 Top-Flange Lateral Bracing of Quasi-Closed Sections. 7.10 Research Needs. References. CHAPTER 8 BEAM-COLUMNS. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Strength of Beam-Columns. 8.3 Uniaxial Bending: In-Plane Strength. 8.4 Uniaxial Bending: Lateral-Torsional Buckling. 8.5 Equivalent Uniform Moment Factor. 8.6 Biaxial Bending. 8.7 Special Topics. References. CHAPTER 9 HORIZONTALLY CURVED STEEL GIRDERS. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Historical Review. 9.3 Fabrication and Construction. 9.4 Analysis Methods. 9.5 Stability of Curved I-Girders. 9.6 Stability of Curved Box Girders. 9.7 Concluding Remarks. References. CHAPTER 10 COMPOSITE COLUMNS AND STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 U.S.-Japan Research Program. 10.3 Cross-Sectional Strength of Composite Sections. 10.4 Other Considerations for Cross-Sectional Strength. 10.5 Length Effects. 10.6 Force Transfer between Concrete and Steel. 10.7 Design Approaches. 10.8 Structural Systems and Connections for Composite and Hybrid Structures. 10.9 Summary. References. CHAPTER 11 STABILITY OF ANGLE MEMBERS. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Review of Experimental and Analytical Research. 11.3 Single-Angle Compression Members. 11.4 Current Industry Practice for Hot-Rolled Single-Angle Members in the United States. 11.5 Design Criteria for Hot-Rolled Angle Columns in Europe, Australia, and Japan. 11.6 Design of Axially Loaded Cold-Formed Single Angles. 11.7 Concluding Remarks on the Compressive Strength of Eccentrically Loaded Single-Angle Members. 11.8 Multiple Angles in Compression. 11.9 Angles in Flexure. References. CHAPTER 12 BRACING. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Background. 12.3 Safety Factors, phi Factors, and Definitions. 12.4 Relative Braces for Columns or Frames. 12.5 Discrete Bracing Systems for Columns. 12.6 Continuous Column Bracing. 12.7 Lean-on Systems. 12.8 Columns Braced on One Flange. 12.9 Beam Buckling and Bracing. 12.10 Beam Bracing. References. CHAPTER 13 THIN-WALLED METAL CONSTRUCTION. 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Member Stability Modes (Elastic). 13.3 Effective Width Member Design. 13.4 Direct Strength Member Design. 13.5 Additional Design Considerations. 13.6 Structural Assemblies. 13.7 Stainless Steel Structural Members. 13.8 Aluminum Structural Members. 13.9 Torsional Buckling. References. CHAPTER 14 CIRCULAR TUBES AND SHELLS. 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Description of Buckling Behavior. 14.3 Unstiffened or Heavy-Ring-Stiffened Cylinders. 14.4 General Instability of Ring-Stiffened Cylinders. 14.5 Stringer- or Ring-and-Stringer-Stiffened Cylinders. 14.6 Effects on Column Buckling. 14.7 Cylinders Subjected to Combined Loadings. 14.8 Strength and Behavior of Damaged and Repaired Tubular Columns. References. CHAPTER 15 MEMBERS WITH ELASTIC LATERAL RESTRAINTS. 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 Buckling of the Compression Chord. 15.3 Effect of Secondary Factors on Buckling Load. 15.4 Top-Chord Stresses due to Bending of Floor Beams and to Initial Chord Eccentricities. 15.5 Design Example. 15.6 Plate Girder with Elastically Braced Compression Flange. 15.7 Guyed Towers. References. CHAPTER 16 FRAME STABILITY. 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 Methods of Analysis. 16.3 Frame Behavior. 16.4 Frame Stability Assessment Using Second-Order Analysis. 16.5 Overview of Current Code Provisions. 16.6 Structural Integrity and Disproportionate Collapse Resistance. 16.7 Concluding Remarks. References. CHAPTER 17 ARCHES. 17.1 Introduction. 17.2 In-Plane Stability of Arches. 17.3 Out-of-Plane Stability of Arches. 17.4 Braced Arches and Requirements for Bracing Systems. 17.5 Ultimate Strength of Steel Arch Bridges. References. CHAPTER 18 DOUBLY CURVED SHELLS AND SHELL-LIKE STRUCTURES. 18.1 Introduction. 18.2 The Basic Problem. 18.3 Finite Element Method. 18.4 Design Codes. 18.5 Design Aids. 18.6 Reticulated Shells. 18.7 Design Trends and Research Needs. References. CHAPTER 19 STABILITY UNDER SEISMIC LOADING. 19.1 Introduction. 19.2 Design for Local and Member Stability. 19.3 Global System Stability ( P -DELTA Effects). References. CHAPTER 20 STABILITY ANALYSIS BY THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD. 20.1 Introduction. 20.2 Nonlinear Analysis. 20.3 Linearized Eigenvalue Buckling Analysis. References. APPENDIX A GENERAL REFERENCES ON STRUCTURAL STABILITY. APPENDIX B TECHNICAL MEMORANDA OF STRUCTURAL STABILITY RESEARCH COUNCIL. B.1 Technical Memorandum No. 1: The Basic Column Formula. B.2 Technical Memorandum No. 2: Notes on the Compression Testing of Metals. B.3 Technical Memorandum No. 3: Stub-Column Test Procedure. B.4 Technical Memorandum No. 4: Procedure for Testing Centrally Loaded Columns. B.5 Technical Memorandum No. 5: General Principles for the Stability Design of Metal Structures. B.6 Technical Memorandum No. 6: Determination of Residual Stresses. B.7 Technical Memorandum No. 7: Tension Testing. B.8 Technical Memorandum No. 8: Standard Methods and Definitions for Tests for Static Yield Stress. B.9 Technical Memorandum No. 9: Flexural Testing. B.10 Technical Memorandum No. 10: Statistical Evaluation of Test Data for Limit States Design. References. APPENDIX C STRUCTURAL STABILITY RESEARCH COUNCIL. NAME INDEX. SUBJECT INDEX.
|
2022-12-21T19:02:56.663Z
|
9,148,762 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1145/2695533.2695535",
"MAG": "2091473986",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Today’s communication networks and networked systems are highly complex and heterogeneous, and often owned by multiple profit-making entities. For new technologies or infrastructure designs to be adopted, they must not only be based on sound engineering performance considerations but also present the right economic incentives. Recent changes in regulations of the telecommunications industry make such economic considerations even more urgent. For instance, new concerns such as network neutrality have a significant impact on the evolution of communication networks. At the same time, communication networks and networked systems support increasing economic activity based on applications and services such as cloud computing, social networks, and peer-to-peer networks. These applications pose new challenges such as the development of good pricing and incentive mechanisms to promote effective system-wide behavior. In relation to these applications, security and privacy also require consideration of economic aspects to be fully understood. The aim of W-PIN+NetEcon is to foster discussions on the application of economic and game-theoretic models and principles to address challenges in the development of networks and network-based applications and services. WPIN+NetEcon was formed as a merger of the successful NetEcon (earlier P2PECON, IBC and PINS) and W-PIN workshops. We received 39 submissions, each reviewed by three members of the program committee. Based on the reviews, we selected 12 papers and 7 posters. The papers presentations were organized into four sessions: “Security games,” “Pricing and neutrality,” “Learning and coordination,” and “Content, auctions and advertisement” and the posters were presented in a separate poster session. In the “Security games” session, Smith et al. propose a new solution concept for multi-defender security games. They use it to analyze a model of security game on networks and find that defenders tend to over-defend even with positive externalities. Laszka and Gueye analyze network blocking games under budget constraints. They show that the equilibrium computation is NP-hard with a maximumcost constraint, whereas it can be solved efficiently with an expected-cost constraint. Dritsoula and Musacchio propose a model of ad networks competing for publishers by selecting their revenue sharing rate and their aggressiveness in fighting click-spam. They show that, at equilibrium, ad networks are fighting click-spam aggressively and compete mostly in
|
2022-02-13T07:38:35.318Z
|
149,636,574 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.5377/ENTORNO.V0I63.6076",
"MAG": "2806152546",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Desde el punto de vista punitivo del principio de culpabilidad, ha sido dificil crear una dogmatica que especifique la forma de imputar delitos o infracciones a personas juridicas.Es asi que en una epoca el Derecho penal prohibio la responsabilidad penal de personas juridicas, paradigma que cada vez esta cambiando en las legislaciones comparadas. En cambio, el Derecho Administrativo Sancionador siempre ha contemplado las sanciones a personas juridicas; y, a pesar de tener en tiempo ventaja sobre ello, en la actualidad no se ha creado una teoria que logre culminar dicha tarea.
|
2022-09-01T12:18:00.786Z
|
212,918,130 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.5209/cuts.61551",
"MAG": "3003523648",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/CUTS/article/download/61551/4564456552894"
}
|
En este artículo presentamos resultados de una investigación social que analiza la relación entre jóvenes de los sectores populares y las instituciones que trabajan en el acceso y ejercicio de derechos. Para la construcción de datos, desarrollamos una estrategia metodológica cualitativa, realizando entrevistas semiestructuradas, observación participante y no participante con jóvenes y referentes en seis instituciones y organizaciones sociales del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, Argentina. La cuestión de los derechos es un campo de construcción, una imagen de futuro, que también implica adaptarse permanentemente a nuevas tensiones en los límites y las prácticas institucionales, de acuerdo con unas formas singularizadas de relacionarse con las y los jóvenes. En las experiencias institucionales que analizamos coexisten: la preocupación por generar organizaciones “diferentes”; las estrategias de trabajo tensionadas por las voluntades y responsabilidades de sus agentes; las complejidades para adaptarse y, a la vez, transformar las subjetividades juveniles. Relaciones de reconocimiento, ternura, compromiso y confianza, que transforman las identidades individuales y colectivas, conviven con dificultades de diverso orden en lo cotidiano institucional.
|
2022-09-09T12:17:06.930Z
|
218,991,613 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3762/bjoc.16.100",
"MAG": "3030833185",
"PubMedCentral": "7277777"
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjoc/content/pdf/1860-5397-16-100.pdf"
}
|
Nowadays a variety of biosensors are widely used in different fields, including biomedical diagnostics and self-testing. Nucleic acid-based biosensors are typically applied to detect another nucleic acid, proteins, ions, and several other types of compounds. It is most promising to develop simple and effective biosensors for the use in situations where traditional methods are not available due to their complexity and laboriousness. In this project, a novel smart deoxyribozyme-based fluorescent sensor for the detection of androgen receptor mRNA was developed. It consists of several functional modules including two deoxyribozymes 10–23, an RNA-dependent split malachite green aptamer, and an oligonucleotide platform. Deoxyribozymes specifically release a 27-nucleotide RNA fragment that is readily available for the interaction with the aptamer module. This solves a problem of secondary structure in hybridization with the target sequence of full-length mRNA. It was shown that within 24 hours the proposed sensor specifically recognized both a synthetic 60-nucleotide RNA fragment (LOD is 1.4 nM of RNA fragment at 37 °C) and a full-sized mRNA molecule of the androgen receptor. The constructed sensor is easy to use, has high efficiency and selectivity for the RNA target, and can be reconstructed for the detection of various nucleic acid sequences due to its modular structure. Thus, similar biosensors may be useful for the differential diagnosis.
|
2022-12-19T10:49:58.633Z
|
38,762,803 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1046/j.1439-0507.1999.00492.x",
"MAG": "1991666939",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Seventy‐three 1‐year‐experienced Danish soldiers were examined for tinea pedis as well as onychomycoses before and after a duty period of 6 months in ex‐Yugoslavia. The incidence of fungal infections was 16.4% before and 32.3% after their duty period abroad. At first investigation Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophytes were dominant but onychomycosis and tinea pedis were found as well. In contrast, Candida albicans was the predominant pathogen in the second investigation. We explain this by means of the more aggressive nature that yeasts can show when host–parasite relations are disturbed or compromised. Twelve soldiers with positive mycology were offered treatment and the final investigation showed a cure rate of 50%. This result is satisfactory in view of the difficult sanitary conditions.
|
2022-12-20T15:59:08.013Z
|
113,084,512 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1177/0954410016629691",
"MAG": "2280769872",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The effect of the cowl lip angle on the accelerating start process of a hypersonic inlet was investigated. A self-sustaining mechanism of the large-scale separation zone in the start process was studied. The inlet was a simplified, two-dimensional, one-side converging, hypersonic inlet. The movements of the large-scale separation zone of different cowl lip angles were compared and analyzed. The results show that: (1) Cowl lip angle influences the startability of a two-dimensional hypersonic inlet dramatically. With the same contraction ratio, the start Mach number of different cowl lip angles varies. First, it decreases to a minimum value at 4°, and then increases. (2) Large-scale separation zones are the common features of all cowl lip angles in unstart status. Their different development is the main cause of the different start characteristics. (3) The pressure stress is the main factor of the balance of the large-scale separation zone, and the viscous shear stress around it is of little impact. (4) The separation zone sustains itself mainly by the reflection shock of separation shock at the upper wall which is movable and adaptive with the change of Mach number. This is the reason that the separation zone gets a new balance when the incoming flow condition changes.
|
2022-12-20T21:48:54.543Z
|
6,607,068 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1287/inte.33.2.67.14467",
"MAG": "2106792925",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
OR/MS is under pressure in MBA programs in the United Kingdom as it is in the United States. To ensure its continuance, members of the operational research group at Warwick Business School redesigned the core OR/MS module. The first attempt at a redesign was a failure. As a result, the module was redesigned again. The second version was a success. Through this process, we have learned many lessons about teaching OR/MS to MBA students, among them the need to have a guiding philosophy, adopt a critical-consumer approach, stress managerial relevance, discuss the context and process of modeling as well as content, and use spreadsheets for analytical work.
|
2022-12-16T03:50:58.564Z
|
128,426,046 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1080/21580103.2006.9656305",
"MAG": "2087850780",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/21580103.2006.9656305?needAccess=true"
}
|
A topogenetic approach to vegetation classification implies that forest stands, however diverse, are classified based on the similarity of their forest growing environment, genesis and development trends. This classification reflects natural and human‐impacted dynamics of the main structural forest cover units, i.e. forest types, in time and space, and takes into account the forest growing environments. Since this classification shows all the development stages and genetic characteristics of forest stands, it allows their succession rates and trends under different site conditions to be predicted. A classification of the forest environments and associated vegetation types was developed for the Southern Yenisei Mountain Range, with a GIS‐based vegetation dynamics map built for a study area representative of the subtaiga and southern taiga forest zones that occur along the Yenisei River in the Krasnoyarsk Region of Siberia. The forest regeneration dynamics were analyzed for a range of environmental conditions. The use of this classification ensures a valid inventory of the diversity of the naturally occurring and human‐caused forest cover.
|
2022-01-27T18:33:30.860Z
|
136,684,243 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/AMR.1029.44",
"MAG": "2002556151",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Design for fatigue of lightweight welded tubular structures is a significant concern of development teams. Based on practical design experience, alternate T joint design to usual Circular Hollow Structures (CHS) T joins are proposed. Proposed designs employ formed members within relevant dimensions range. A method based on finite element analysis including weld modelling was used, with analytical calculation of weld toe stress. Stress concentration factors (SCF) are calculated for all proposed designs for all typical load cases. Best placement and dimensions of formed members is given, together with design recommendations.
|
2022-02-09T11:02:49.770Z
|
158,990,549 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1504/IJBCRM.2018.10015205",
"MAG": "2887319744",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Unsupervised classifiers do not require previous training to achieve their task, on the contrary, they are able to propose alternative classifications that make more sense using raw data instead of human interpretation. In this article an unsupervised classifier system using the soft graph colouring model is presented. This model has the ability to deal with risk and the probability of committing Type I or II errors, for instance, in medical diagnosis, where we want to minimise the risk of a mistaken prognosis. The proposed model is evaluated using some classical instances, and the results are compared with other classifiers, given in all cases solutions as good or better than supervised classifiers.
|
2022-02-08T23:29:15.453Z
|
46,056,413 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1051/ita/1995290201051",
"MAG": "1618161021",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://www.rairo-ita.org/articles/ita/pdf/1995/02/ita1995290201051.pdf"
}
|
ous definissons les series formelles engendrees par morphismes, et etudions leurs proprietes. Ces series sont obtenues en interpretant divers L-systemes comme mecanismes de generation de series formelles. Les classes bien connues des series formelles rationnelles et algebriques s'obtiennent comme cas particuliers de cette construction
|
2022-02-12T00:00:47.469Z
|
13,761,701 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.14800/MACROPHAGE.712",
"MAG": "1513616662",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Gaucher disease is an inherited enzyme deficiency resulting in the lysosomal accumulation of specific glycolipids in macrophages and, in some cases, neurons. While current treatments are effective at reducing this glycolipid storage in macrophages, they are expensive and ineffective in treating neurological manifestations of the disease, driving the search for novel therapeutics. Moreover, mutations in GBA1, the gene implicated in Gaucher disease, are an important risk factor for the development of Parkinson disease and related disorders, an association that has further heightened interest in Gaucher disease research. However, the development of therapeutic strategies has been hampered by a shortage of appropriate cellular models of Gaucher disease. We have generated two novel macrophage models of Gaucher disease, one through the differentiation of peripheral blood monocytes from patients with Gaucher disease and the other through the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells derived from patient fibroblasts. Both disease models demonstrate similar cellular phenotypes and exhibit extensive glycolipid storage when exposed to exogenous lipid sources such as erythrocyte membranes. Furthermore, we have used these models to confirm the efficacy of a novel small molecule in clearing glycolipid storage and restoring normal macrophage function. These results demonstrate the usefulness of these models in exploring new therapeutics for Gaucher disease and related disorders.
|
2022-09-10T09:40:19.373Z
|
4,627,095 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1152/ajplung.00312.2015",
"MAG": "2294179546",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc4896095"
}
|
Calpain activation contributes to the development of infection-induced diaphragm weakness, but the mechanisms by which infections activate calpain are poorly understood. We postulated that skeletal muscle calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) is activated by cytokines and has downstream effects that induce calpain activation and muscle weakness. We determined whether cPLA2 activation mediates cytokine-induced calpain activation in isolated skeletal muscle (C2C12) cells and infection-induced diaphragm weakness in mice. C2C12 cells were treated with the following: 1) vehicle; 2) cytomix (TNF-α 20 ng/ml, IL-1β 50 U/ml, IFN-γ 100 U/ml, LPS 10 μg/ml); 3) cytomix + AACOCF3, a cPLA2 inhibitor (10 μM); or 4) AACOCF3 alone. At 24 h, we assessed cell cPLA2 activity, mitochondrial superoxide generation, calpain activity, and calpastatin activity. We also determined if SS31 (10 μg/ml), a mitochondrial superoxide scavenger, reduced cytomix-mediated calpain activation. Finally, we determined if CDIBA (10 μM), a cPLA2 inhibitor, reduced diaphragm dysfunction due to cecal ligation puncture in mice. Cytomix increased C2C12 cell cPLA2 activity (P < 0.001) and superoxide generation; AACOCF3 and SS31 blocked increases in superoxide generation (P < 0.001). Cytomix also activated calpain (P < 0.001) and inactivated calpastatin (P < 0.01); both AACOCF3 and SS31 prevented these changes. Cecal ligation puncture reduced diaphragm force in mice, and CDIBA prevented this reduction (P < 0.001). cPLA2 modulates cytokine-induced calpain activation in cells and infection-induced diaphragm weakness in animals. We speculate that therapies that inhibit cPLA2 may prevent diaphragm weakness in infected, critically ill patients.
|
2022-09-10T17:47:06.064Z
|
242,794,649 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-59695/v1",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-59695/latest.pdf"
}
|
Background: Evidence suggests that childhood is an important critical period for adult mental health outcomes. Most studies evaluating childhood factors use cross-sectional data, limiting our understanding of life course factors contributing to mental health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the contribution of life course factors on adult mental health treatment from a longitudinal cohort of U.S. respondents. Methods: We used data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth-1997 (N=8,984) through the 2011 data collection year, in which n=7,009 adult respondents reported on the number of mental health visits between 2009-2011. We used zero-inflated negative binomial regression to evaluate the impact of childhood, adolescent, and adult factors on mental health visits. Results: Respondents with more than three adverse childhood experiences (ACE) reported in adolescence were significantly more likely to utilize mental health treatment as an adult (Incidence Rate Ratio[IRR]=1.30). No other childhood or adolescent factors contributed to adult mental health utilization. Adult factors associated with greater mental health visits included: having any health insurance (IRR=1.40), being unemployed (IRR=1.56) or employed part-time (IRR=1.31). African-American respondents had significantly fewer mental health visits than white respondents (IRR=0.79). Non-significant factors included: gender, ethnicity, parent-reported childhood emotional problem, family receipt of governmental assistance as an adolescent, living in a high-poverty household as an adult, and living in a state with high unemployment. Conclusions: Critical periods of development, combined with cumulative risk and protective factors, contribute to adult mental health seeking. Adolescence is a critical period for trauma and later need for mental health treatment. Other factors, such as full-time employment, appear to be associated with reduced likelihood of the need for mental health treatment. Future evaluation of community and population-based approaches, including policy interventions, is needed to understand risk and protective factors contributing to mental health across the life course.
|
2022-09-02T09:22:38.446Z
|
13,609,111 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/HealthCom.2014.7001874",
"MAG": "2082425259",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
This paper presents a seed finding method for region growing segmentation approach using color channel energy in image regions. Instead of using the RGB system separated for each pixel, the proposal uses the energy on each color channel to improve the range of the possible values, then creates a more specific seed to detail different regions. Region size used to calculate energy was adjusted to verify the proposed method. Images used were real wound photos, taken from patients undergoing treatment at the university hospital. Results showed that energy on regions presents enough information to segment, leading to a high percentage of matching with experts marks.
|
2022-09-06T04:23:38.304Z
|
37,389,665 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/76.544737",
"MAG": "2058003208",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
A method for rate-distortion optimal variable rate mean-gain-shape vector quantization (MGSVQ) is presented with application to image compression. Conditions are derived within an entropy-constrained product code framework that result in an optimal bit allocation between mean, gain, and shape vectors at all rates. An extension to MGSVQ called hierarchical mean-gain-shape vector quantization (HMGSVQ) is similarly introduced. By considering the statistical dependence between adjacent means, this method is able to provide an improvement in the rate-distortion performance over traditional MGSVQ, especially at low bit rates. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the rate-distortion performance of MGSVQ and HMGSVQ for image data.
|
2022-09-08T00:21:21.604Z
|
166,463,418 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1079/9780851990774.0053",
"MAG": "1721356526",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The Agricultural Risk Protection Act (ARPA) enacted in June 2000 mandated that the US Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Risk Management Agency (RMA) conduct pilot programmes on risk management tools that would protect livestock producers from price or income fluctuations and production losses. The legislation also authorized RMA to conduct pilot programmes on risk management products for livestock disease perils and various risks faced by aquaculture producers. To date, RMA has approved two pilot livestock insurance policies: a Livestock Risk Protection (LRP) policy that protects against declining prices for swine, feeder cattle and fed cattle, and a Livestock Gross Margin (LGM) policy that protects the gross margin between the price of fed hogs and the cost of maize and soybean meal. Both products are available only in selected areas. RMA has also funded studies on the feasibility of aquaculture insurance, risk management alternatives for livestock disease risk, non-insurance livestock risk management tools and tools for managing pasture/range and forage production risk.
|
2022-09-13T09:40:31.884Z
|
34,466,813 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1152/JAPPL.1972.33.5.681",
"MAG": "91243879",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
MURRAY, JOEL ELISABETH, AND AUDRIUS PLIOPLYS. A n indicatordilution technique for study of blood-to-brain solute passage in the rat. J . Appl. Physiol. 33(5): 681-683. 1972.-Details arc given of a method adapting single-injection indicator-dilution techniques for use in the study of blood-to-brain solute transport in vivo in the rat. Glucose extraction by brain is shown to be saturable under conditions of high circulation plasma glucose concentrations. Investigation of functional vascular anatomical relationships was made with a view toward how effectively the brain of the rat may be isolated as an "organ" for indicator-dilution studies. Indicatordilution curves obtained during simultaneous collection of venous efluent from the confluens of sinuses and the external jugular vein suggest that blood from the sinus does not contain significant admixture of extracerebral venous return and may therefore be relied on to provide information about solute extraction by brain in the rat. economy in costs for animals and supplies over studies using large mammals.
|
2022-09-15T07:56:59.875Z
|
238,100,373 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1484/j.cde.5.124771",
"MAG": "3179842728",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03214276/file/Tillier-Vanthieghem-Lettre%20voyageur%20Fayoum-Chronique%20Egypte.pdf"
}
|
P. Cambr. UL Inv. Michael. A 1337. Fustt ātt (?), IIIe-IVe / IXe-Xe siecle. - Les personnages centraux et le motif du voyage. - Les aleas d’un voyage de Fustat au Fayoum. - Des troubles dans le Fay...
|
2022-10-14T00:38:58.145Z
|
46,441,125 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/j.1741-4520.2012.00376.x",
"MAG": "1867177622",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) tests usually focus on postnatal indicators, such as behavior and neuropathology, for the detection of chemically induced neurodevelopmental defects in the central nervous system (CNS). However, low reliability, especially low reproducibility, of behavioral results often causes concern among scientists and the scientific community in general. Guidance of neurohistopathological examination in the DNT guideline also has some shortcomings, especially relating to the methodological aspects. Ongoing international trends in DNT tests have shifted from the use of original in vivo animal (mammalian) studies to in vitro experiments using cell cultures and/or non‐mammalian species, such as fish. In vitro systems might initially be useful to screen test chemicals for their DNT potential. Although in vitro systems are employed as alternative approaches for DNT studies, the use of in vivo studies based on animal models remains an important factor when data are to be extrapolated to the human case. In this review, a new in vivo approach that focuses on histopathological observation of each developmental step of the CNS, such as proliferation of neural stem cells, migration of immature neurons, and formation of neural networks, using fetal and neonatal brains after chemical exposure is introduced, and some queries and arguments for current DNT experimental guidelines are discussed.
|
2022-11-21T16:17:39.019Z
|
24,463,885 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/nmo.13360",
"MAG": "2801643513",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Well‐developed galaninergic gastric intramural nerve system is known to regulate multiple stomach functions in physiological and pathological conditions. Stomach ulcer, a disorder commonly occurring in humans and animals, is accompanied by inflammatory reaction. Inflammation can cause intramural neurons to change their neurochemical profile. Galanin and its receptors are involved in inflammation of many organs, however, their direct participation in stomach reaction to ulcer is not known. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate adaptive changes in the chemical coding of galaninergic intramural neurons and mRNA expression encoding Gal, GalR1, GalR2, GalR3 receptors in the region of the porcine stomach directly adjacent to the ulcer location.
|
2022-12-12T12:45:46.610Z
|
120,119,506 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1117/12.628563",
"MAG": "1964125506",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Multimode interference (MMI) couplers are important integrated optical components for the optical signal processing and routing. The realization of these components by ion exchange on glass substrates is particularly attractive for low cost integration. The design and analysis of MMI devices have generally been based on the self imaging principle in step-index waveguides, whereas waveguides fabricated by ion exchange on glass are practically graded-index due to the nature of the thermal diffusion of exchanged ions. In addition, the ion exchange process results in a guide with depth that depends on the mask opening (the guide width) which causes a high insertion loss at the interface between single mode and multimode sections of the MMI. To overcome these problems 3D simulation of the ion exchanged MMI structures is strongly required. In this work such 3D simulation is achieved on two levels. First the non-linear diffusion equation describing the ion exchange process is solved numerically using a finite-difference method with a modified algorithm to ensure solution stability for an extended range of nonlinearity. The resultant index distribution is used in a wide angle 3D BPM to simulate the optical field propagation in the structure. This allows accurate prediction of the structure performance under different fabrication and excitation conditions. Based on this simulation technique, 3 dB MMI splitter design with tapered access guides is optimized by both geometrical mask design and process parameter variations. The optimization shows that both the tapering and the use of annealing process can significantly improve the performance of the devices.
|
2022-12-16T23:11:02.393Z
|
13,718,906 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/J.1349-7006.1995.TB02439.X",
"MAG": "2013822231",
"PubMedCentral": "5920866"
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
We studied the mechanism whereby caffeine acts as a biochemical modulator of adriamycin, and examined various methylxanthine derivatives to determine whether they would be of value as biochemical modulators. In an in vitro study of adriamycin efflux in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells, theophylline, pentoxifylline, and theobromine inhibited this efflux, while caffeine metabolites did not. The effects of several methylxanthine derivatives on the antitumor activity of adriamycin and on adriamycin concentration in tissue were also examined in CDF1 tumor‐bearing mice. Theobromine, which inhibited adriamycin efflux in vitro, increased the antitumor activity of adriamycin and the concentration of adriamycin in tumors. The caffeine metabolites, which had no effect on the adriamycin efflux, did not increase antitumor activity. These results suggest that the metabolism of caffeine may weaken its effect as a biochemical modulator, and that pentoxifylline and theobromine would be of value as biochemical modulators of adriamycin.
|
2022-12-19T19:56:25.088Z
|
14,073,875 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1136/postgradmedj-2013-132486",
"MAG": "2136166455",
"PubMedCentral": "4285889"
},
"license": "CCBYNC",
"status": "HYBRID",
"url": "https://pmj.bmj.com/content/postgradmedj/90/1070/685.full.pdf"
}
|
Introduction The last decade has seen many changes in graduate medical education training in the USA, most notably the implementation of duty hour standards for residents by the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education. As educators are left to balance more limited time available between patient care and resident education, new methods to augment traditional graduate medical education are needed. Objectives To assess acceptance and use of a novel gamification-based medical knowledge software among internal medicine residents and to determine retention of information presented to participants by this medical knowledge software. Methods We designed and developed software using principles of gamification to deliver a web-based medical knowledge competition among internal medicine residents at the University of Alabama (UA) at Birmingham and UA at Huntsville in 2012–2013. Residents participated individually and in teams. Participants accessed daily questions and tracked their online leaderboard competition scores through any internet-enabled device. We completed focus groups to assess participant acceptance and analysed software use, retention of knowledge and factors associated with loss of participants (attrition). Results Acceptance: In focus groups, residents (n=17) reported leaderboards were the most important motivator of participation. Use: 16 427 questions were completed: 28.8% on Saturdays/Sundays, 53.1% between 17:00 and 08:00. Retention of knowledge: 1046 paired responses (for repeated questions) were collected. Correct responses increased by 11.9% (p<0.0001) on retest. Differences per time since question introduction, trainee level and style of play were observed. Attrition: In ordinal regression analyses, completing more questions (0.80 per 10% increase; 0.70 to 0.93) decreased, while postgraduate year 3 class (4.25; 1.44 to 12.55) and non-daily play (4.51; 1.50 to 13.58) increased odds of attrition. Conclusions Our software-enabled, gamification-based educational intervention was well accepted among our millennial learners. Coupling software with gamification and analysis of trainee use and engagement data can be used to develop strategies to augment learning in time-constrained educational settings.
|
2022-12-26T16:57:17.969Z
|
197,431,925 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1201/9781482290127-282",
"MAG": "2952362531",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Concrete bridges are the most vulnerable members of a bridge stock and yet one of the most popular in every day use. Thus an alternative approach to the assessment problem is presented herein, based on "testing" the real structure rather than trying to model it. Experiments on Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams, representative of bridge beams, are described. The beams were loaded in cycles up to failure whilst recording the acoustic emissions (AE) generated. The analysis of the AE signals was then undertaken based on a proposed new parameter, named the "relaxation ratio". This quantifies the AE energy recorded during the unloading and loading phases of a cycle test and it showed a clear correlation with the bending failure load of the RC beams. A change in trend was noted when the load reached approximately the 45% of the ultimate bending load. Further work is needed to extend the results to full scale testing of bridge beams. A parallel can be drawn with earthquake sequences, recognised in seismology. Earthquakes seldom occur as isolated events, they are made up of foreshock and aftershock sequences which are closely associated with a larger event called the mainshock. A schematic illustration can be seen in Figure 1. Aftershocks typically begin immediately after the mainshock over the entire rupture area and its surroundings, or are generally concentrated around the rupture perimeter or in locations where the mainshock has newly produced high concentrations of stress. Therefore it can be said that aftershocks are a process of relaxing stress concentrations caused by the dynamic rupture of the mainshock. Foreshocks are smaller earthquakes that precede the mainshock. They generally occur in the vicinity of the mainshock hypocentre and are probably a part of the nucleation process (Scholz, 2002). Keeping earthquake sequences in mind the failure of a specimen, or accumulated damage at the end of a load cycle, can be considered as the mainshock. The foreshocks and aftershocks can be seen as the acoustic emissions generated respectively during the loading and unloading phases. Figure 1. Schematic representation of earthquake sequences and AE activity phases. Each individual diagram shows the number of events, as a function of time, with the vertical dotted line being the time of the mainshock. From these preliminary observations, a "relaxation ratio" is proposed to quantify and compare the AE activity during the loading and unloading phases. Previous experiments have shown (Colombo et al., 2002) that the AE energy is an effective parameter to describe the structural damage of a beam, therefore the relaxation ratio is expressed in terms of energy and defined as: RELAXATION RATIO = average energy during unloading phase/ average energy during loading phase where the average energy is calculated as the cumulative energy recorded for each phase divided by the number of recorded hits. The use of the average energy overcame the problem of the different time duration of the varied cycles that could affect the results. A relaxation ratio greater than one implies that the average energy recorded during the unloading cycle is higher than the average energy recorded during the corresponding loading cycle, therefore the relaxation (aftershock) is dominant. Vice-versa, the loading (foreshock) is dominant. The analysis consisted in simply calculating the value of the relaxation ratio for each loading cycle of a sample. The process was repeated for all the specimens. The raw AE recorded data were converted into ASCII files to be used in MATLAB which was adopted to carry out the necessary calculations.
|
2022-02-08T06:35:35.952Z
|
230,587,680 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.36723/juri.v12i2.223",
"MAG": "3111622048",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBYNC",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "http://ejournal.stmikdumai.ac.id/index.php/path/article/download/223/125"
}
|
Pendaftaran dan seleksi penerimaan mahasiswa baru merupakan serangkaian kegiatan yang dilakukan secara rutin pada setiap tahunnya oleh setiap perguruan tinggi. Beberapa perguruan tinggi masih menerapkan sistem pendaftaran dan seleksi penerimaan mahasiswa baru secara konvensional, yaitu calon mahasiswa harus datang kekampus dan mengisi formulir pendaftaran, kemudian melakukan ujian test seleksi menggunakan CBT (Computer Based Test), dan cara serupa juga digunakan pada kampus AMIK Mitra Gama yang memiliki calon mahasiswa baru yang tersebar diluar atau pingiran Duri seperti Bagan siapi-api, Bagan Batu, Ujung Tanjung, dan perbatasan kota Duri lainnya. Sistem pendaftaran seperti ini tentu saja tidak efektif, diperlukan biaya transportasi, serta waktu bagi yang bekerja hanya sekedar untuk daftar dan mengikurti test seleksi tersebut. Pada penelitian ini memberikan solusi terhadap pemanfaatan teknologi yang inovatif yang dapat dengan mudah diakses menggunakan smartphone berbasis metode (Rapid Aplication Development), sehingga memudahkan bagi calon mahasiswa baru untuk mendaftar dan mengikuti ujian secara online, dan bagi kampus tentu saja menjadi nilai tambah bagi peningkatan mutu layanan dalam proses penerimaan mahasiswa baru .
|
2022-06-17T18:21:56.035Z
|
248,232,925 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.53730/ijhs.v6ns2.6055",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBYNCND",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://sciencescholar.us/journal/index.php/ijhs/article/download/6055/3942"
}
|
India initiated a number of reforms in 1991, after opening up of the economy to the Global world. India’s integration with the global economy increased trade and accelerated economic growth. The outcome of the process of Globalisation and integration of the Indian economy has also led to integration of India’s financial market with the rest of the world. As an outcome of this process, there has been an excessive Capital inflow to the Indian economy exerting pressure on the asset prices. The purpose of this paper is to explain the impact of financial sector reform on Interest rate differentials in India. This study tries to focus on the sensitivity of interest rate differentials as a consequence of changes in the global economy, and its effects on the people. Though at the aggregate level, the inflow of Capital has created surge in economic activities and increased demand and supply, but the question of interest remains whether certain sections of the population have been overlooked. It has however been found that difference in deposit rates and various lending rates became wider because of financial integration. To sustain growth, micro economic issues needs better attention along with macro-economic targets.
|
2022-06-30T13:18:04.213Z
|
73,057,809 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.4070/KCJ.1999.29.8.773",
"MAG": "2114955267",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Background and Objective:Precise assessment of lesion severity is fundamental for the clinical decision making in the patients with coronary artery disease. Coronary angiography has limitation to projection imaging techniques. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS has been known to be a gold standard of morphological severity of coronary stenosis. Fractional flow reserve (FFR is known to be a lesion specific functional index of epica- rdial stenosis that can be derived from intracoronary pressure assessed during maximal vasodilation. The objective of this study was to investigate the validity of fractional flow reserve for stenosis severity in compa- rison with IVUS. Methods:The study population consisted of 24 patients with angina pectoris (M:F=19:5, age:58±12 yrs. The IVUS and intracoronary pressure wire performed at 26 lesions after diagnostic coronary angiography. We measured angiographical diameter stenosis (DST, minimal luminal diameter (MLD, minimal luminal area (MLA and reference area stenosis (r-AST. FFR was defined by the ratio of distal mean coronary pressure (Pd to aortic mean pressure (Pa. Results:FFR showed significant correlation with both r-AST (r =-0.93, p<0.00001 than DST (r=-0.79, p<0.0001. When the lesions with MLD less than 1.1 mm were excluded, considering the limitation of IVUS for the thickness of its catheter, FFR showed excellent correlation with r-AST with higher correlation coefficient (r=-0.96, p<0.00001. FFR showed significant correlation with MLA (r=0.87, p=0.0001 or MLD (r=0.83, p=0.0005. Conclusion:FFR with excellent correlation with r-AST measured by IVUS seems to be a useful lesion specific functional index for the assessment of coronary stenosis in angina patients. (Korean Circulation J 1999;29(8 :773-780
|
2022-08-25T23:34:03.088Z
|
27,246,433 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1001/JAMA.1955.02960090012003",
"MAG": "2077040834",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Shortly after radioactive iodine (I 131 ) was made available for general use, enthusiastic reports appeared as to its efficacy as a diagnostic agent. Skanse, 1 using the 24 hour urinary excretion of the isotope, reported that 98% of the hyperthyroid patients and not one of the euthyroid subjects had diagnostically low excretions. In his series of mildly hyperthyroid patients, the radioactive iodine test was 95% diagnostic as compared to an 86% accuracy of the serum protein-bound iodine determination and a 51% accuracy of the basal metabolic rate determination. Similar findings were reported by Jaffe and Ottoman 2 who evaluated the 24 hour thyroid accumulation of I 131 rather than its excretion in the urine. They observed that the radioactive iodine uptake was 95% accurate as compared with an accuracy of 80% for the serum protein-bound iodine test and of 67% for the basal metabolic rate. Thus of these three diagnostic
|
2022-09-11T12:21:07.443Z
|
93,108,911 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1002/AOC.314",
"MAG": "1966987593",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
NiAl nanoparticles are of considerable importance because of interest in examining the effects of size, surface area, and composition on their physical and catalytic properties. Recently, a new method for the ‘bottom up’ wet chemical preparation of nickel aluminides has been reported. The ability to leach the aluminum from this system provides an entrance to the preparation of skeletal-type metal catalysts similar to those produced in Raney-type systems. Furthermore, it is believed that these nanoparticulate catalysts should provide high surface areas and high activities, while the presence of aluminum within the bulk of these catalysts provides additional stability. Here, we present the results of studies conducted on this system which compare their properties and behavior with traditional bulk Raney nickel systems. Additionally, we show that we are able to alter the properties of these nanoparticles by changing the stoichiometric ratio of nickel and aluminum. The properties of all systems have been analyzed through the use of nitrogen adsorption, X-ray diffraction, and elemental analysis. Finally, the catalysts generated have been compared for their activity in the hydrogenation of butyronitrile. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
|
2022-09-15T08:36:47.573Z
|
239,737,704 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.15421/172117",
"MAG": "3196921581",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://grani.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/download/1607/1602"
}
|
The article is devoted to research the genesis of the relationship between peace and war in the development of the social world was determined. It was found that the social world in concrete historical manifestations was considered by philosophers through the functioning of state-building processes of government and self-organization, and the absolutization of one of them led to war, and harmonization – to peace. The stages of formation of the problem were traced and the traditions of understanding the social world were determined. The first stage was characterized by the study of the world as a cosmic phenomenon – in the natural philosophical, mythological and cosmogonic traditions – and social – in the socio-organic, polis, paternalistic-subject traditions. The second stage – the dominance of the theocentric position – was characterized by the distinction between Heaven and Earth. The third stage – modernism – was marked by the dominance of the objectified world in connection with the invention of printing, the development of the institute of education, institutionalization of science. The fourth – stage of industrial institutionalization and world institutions, which was characterized by the consideration of peace and war as a world phenomenon, marked by ideological, idealistic, materialistic, managerial, psychological and peacekeeping traditions. In the fifth – the stage of information and virtual worlds formation, which took place in the integrity of the relationship “society – technology”, it was highlighted the system-holistic tradition. The sixth is the modern stage of the synergetic world, defined by the phenomena of hybrid and network war and peace and connected with the hybrid, network and synergetic traditions. Here the problem of the world as a whole in the dynamic uncertainty and technological aspect of the subjects’ activity is actualized.
|
2022-07-16T13:28:09.275Z
|
252,850,048 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3389/ftox.2022.933572",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": "9606655"
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ftox.2022.933572/pdf"
}
|
Background: Bisphenol S (BPS) is among the most commonly used substitutes for Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disrupting chemical used as a plasticizer in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Bisphenols interfere with estrogen receptor (ER) signaling, which modulates vascular function through stimulation of nitric oxide (NO) production via endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). BPS can cross into the placenta and accumulates in the fetal compartment to a greater extent than BPA, potentially interfering with key developmental events. Little is known regarding the developmental impact of exposure to BPA substitutes, particularly with respect to the vasculature. Objective: To determine if prenatal BPS exposure influences vascular health in adulthood. Methods: At the time of mating, female C57BL/6 dams were administered BPS (250 nM) or vehicle control in the drinking water, and exposure continued during lactation. At 12-week of age, mesenteric arteries were excised from male and female offspring and assessed for responses to an endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine, ACh) and endothelium-independent (sodium nitroprusside, SNP) vasodilator. Endothelium-dependent dilation was measured in the presence or absence of L-NAME, an eNOS inhibitor. To further explore the role of NO and ER signaling, wire myography was used to assess ACh responses in aortic rings after acute exposure to BPS in the presence or absence of L-NAME or an ER antagonist. Results: Increased ACh dilation and increased sensitivity to Phe were observed in microvessels from BPS-exposed females, while no changes were observed in male offspring. Differences in ACh-induced dilation between control or BPS-exposed females were eliminated with L-NAME. Increased dilatory responses to ACh after acute BPS exposure were observed in aortic rings from female mice only, and differences were eliminated with inhibition of eNOS or inhibition of ER. Conclusion: Prenatal BPS exposure leads to persistent changes in endothelium-dependent vascular function in a sex-specific manner that appears to be modulated by interaction of BPS with ER signaling.
|
2022-11-04T00:53:35.180Z
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.