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255M
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55,233,439 |
{
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"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.5073/JABFQ.2015.088.002",
"MAG": "1766832293",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
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|
Phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activity of four historical grape accessions (‘Kuzu Kuyrugu’, ‘Miskali’, ‘Erkek miskali’, and ‘Kirmizi Kismisi’) grown in Igdir province located in Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey were examined. Levels of vitamin C, organic acids (citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid), sugars (fructose, glucose), phenolic acids (catechin, rutin, quercetin, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, o-coumaric acid, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, vanillic acid, and gallic acid), and antioxidant capacity (Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant capacity, TEAC assay) were determined. Accession was found to be important source of variation for all the parameters identified above (P<0.01). Among the grape accessions analyzed, ‘Kuzu Kuyrugu’ had the predominant vitamin C (47.19 mg/100 g), chlorogenic acid (2.687 mg/L), ferulic acid (1.303 mg/L), o-coumaric acid (1.317 mg/L), and syringic acid content (1.687 mg/L). The highest citric acid (55.360 mg/L), fructose (10.36 g/100g), glucose (11.51 g/100g), and catechin (1.353 mg/L) were recorded in ‘Miskali’ genotype. ‘Kirmizi Kismisi’ was determined to be the accession with the highest tartaric acid (21.29 mg/L), succinic acid (0.94 mg/L), and caffeic acid (2.137 mg/L) levels. ‘Erkek Miskali’ accession produced the paramount contents for fumaric acid (0.42 mg/L), rutin (2.477 mg/L), quercetin (0.447 mg/L), and vanillic acid (0.313 mg/L). The investigated grape genotypes showed notable levels of sugars, organic acids and phenolic compounds. These accessions could be valuable in breeding programs for improving grape quality and nutrition, as well as enhancing commercial worth and production of the grapes in Igdir province of Turkey.
|
2022-12-04T18:36:53.181Z
|
21,042,266 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1210/jc.2014-4350",
"MAG": "2116242713",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article-pdf/100/4/1689/17636271/jcem1689.pdf"
}
|
CONTEXT/OBJECTIVE
Locally aggressive pituitary tumors (LAPT) and pituitary carcinomas respond poorly to conventional therapy and cytotoxic drugs. Temozolomide (TMZ) is an oral alkylating drug with good tolerability, approved for treatment of malignant gliomas. The experience of its use in pituitary tumors is limited.
DESIGN AND SETTING
We report on 24 patients with aggressive pituitary tumors (16 LAPTs, 8 carcinomas) treated with TMZ for a median of 6 months (range 1-23). Follow-up ranged from 4 to 91 months with a median of 32.5 months. 19/24 tumors were hormone secreting (PRL 9, ACTH 4, GH 4, GH/PRL 2). Ki-67 was 2-50% in LAPTs, and 5-80% in carcinomas.
MAIN OUTCOME
Response to TMZ and the association with tumor expression of O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), MLH1, MSH2, and MSH6, examined by immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS
Complete tumor regression occurred in two carcinomas and persisted at follow-up after 48 and 91 months, respectively. Partial regress of tumor mass ranging from 35% to 80% occurred in 5 LAPTs and 2 carcinomas. Another patient with LAPT had a 71% decrease in prolactin levels without change in tumor volume. Three LAPTs could not be evaluated. Median MGMT staining was 9% (5-20%) in responders vs 93% (50-100%) in nonresponders. Loss of MSH2 and MSH 6 was observed in a single patient who had a rapid development of resistance to TMZ.
CONCLUSIONS
This study shows that TMZ is a valuable treatment option for patients with uncontrolled pituitary tumors. The data suggest that tumoral MGMT staining below 50% is associated with a high likelihood of treatment response.
|
2022-12-19T07:15:57.854Z
|
78,427,800 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1056/JC199812310000011",
"MAG": "2603191713",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Patients who survive ventricular fibrillation (VF) or symptomatic sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) have a high risk for sudden death. The
|
2022-02-11T04:47:12.851Z
|
46,443,781 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/ESIME.2010.5464530",
"MAG": "2150256283",
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},
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"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
A mechanistic multiscale modeling framework is proposed, to capture the dominant creep mechanisms and the influence of key microstructural features on the measured secondary creep response of microscale asfabricated Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu (SAC305) solder interconnects. At the smallest length scale, mechanistic dislocation creep models are used to capture the creep strengthening mechanisms in the Sn-Ag eutectic phase. These models account for the strengthening from the microscale Cu6Sn5 intermetallics as well as the nanoscale dimension Ag3Sn intermetallic particles. At the next length scale, these models are combined to capture the load-sharing between Sn dendrites and intermetallic phases. The next higher length scale (Sn grains) is not addressed here since secondary creep response is empirically found to be insensitive to grain microstructure [1]. The model constants of the proposed framework are obtained from secondary creep measurements of SAC305 solder [1], using a modified lap-shear microscale solder specimen and a custom-built Thermo-Mechanical Microscale (TMM) test setup (Figure 1). The calibrated model is used to study the effect of alloy composition and aging loads on SAC solders, by accounting for the changes in the eutectic Sn-Ag region, IMCs and the Sn dendrites. The results show that the multi-scale model predictions provide the right qualitative trends, and, quantitatively match the SAC105 (Figure 2) and prior measurements from SAC387 [2–3] (not shown here) very well. The model also captures the degradation in the creep properties of as-fabricated SAC305 solder subject to isothermal aging (not shown here). The model effectively captures the effect of alloy composition and aging loads on SAC solders, thereby aiding in the effective design and optimization of the viscoplastic behavior of SAC alloys.
|
2022-02-11T23:41:48.562Z
|
249,006,254 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.24032/ijeacs/0404/009",
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"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The tourism information system in Nigeria is not novel. What is novel is the need to develop reliable real-time recommender systems that can adequately aid tourists in their decisions. Several researchers have proposed various models. However, there are still issues about the applicability, effectiveness, efficiency, and reliability of the existing recommenders in the Nigerian tourism sector. This work is aimed at developing an improved model for real-time tourism recommender in Nigeria based on a data mining model. The objectives include the development of a data mining model for real-time reliable user-centric tourism recommendation and evaluation of the recommender system. To achieve these, a supervised machine learning-based classifier is modelled. The classifier system is evaluated using four thousand (4,000) datasets acquired from online and physical Nigerian tourism sources. Nine machine learning algorithms are compared during the testing process based on accuracy and other standard performance metrics. Experimental results show that the PART algorithm outperforms all other algorithms with an accuracy of 91.65%, F-Measure of 0.917, true positive rate of 0.913, the false-positive rate of 0.029, and the precision of 0.917, and recall of 0.917. In terms of efficiency, it also records the least time-to-model of 0.02 seconds. The rules generated from this algorithm are incorporated into the design of a prototype to test the recommender. The usefulness and efficiency scores based on test cases involving 20 participants prove that the recommender system would be a veritable tool for tourism in Nigeria.
|
2022-05-24T15:31:19.962Z
|
195,466,139 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.5194/ISPRS-ARCHIVES-XLII-2-W13-1295-2019",
"MAG": "2948797672",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Abstract. Maintaining an up-to-date inventory of urban infrastructure such as fire hydrant is critical to urban management. Street view database such as Google Street View and Baidu Street View contain street-level images, their potential for urban management has not been fully explored. For the massive image, data model for storage and indexing is an important research issue. Considering multiple cameras and GPS device in the image capturing platform, a hierarchical data model named 3D-Grid is proposed. Massive street view images were stored according to grid ID, GPS time and camera ID. An efficient time indexing algorithm is brought forth to replace the spatial indexing. Real test experiments are conducted in a project, and the validation and feasibility of 3D-Grid including time indexing algorithm were validated.
|
2022-06-05T02:22:57.275Z
|
29,194,940 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.7883/YOKEN1952.8.337",
"MAG": "2010325215",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The nuclear test at Bikini Atoll on March 1, 1954, made an accidental fall of the radioactive dust, so-called •gBikini Ashes•h, on a Japanese fishing boat, •g Fukuryu Maru•h No. 5 (99.9 tons). Her crew of 23 afflicted from radiation sickness, which was diagnosed after the boat returned to her home port, Yaizu, on March 14. 1954. Aside from the radiation hazards of fishermen, another unexpected problem developed when tunas caught by •gFukuryu Maru•h were put on the central market of Tokyo Metropolis on March 17, 1954 after they were landed at Yaizu Harbour. Detecting strong radioactivity in these fishes, health authorities of the Government decided to make radiological survey for all fishes caught in the South Pacific. On March 18, the Ministry of Health and Welfare and the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry requested the Japanese fishing boats which were on the water near Bikini Atoll at the time of the explosion to give an account of the scheduled date of returning to port. Simultaneously, the Government designated five ports to which they should return. The radiological survey by the government sanitary officials at the designated ports was commenced early in the morning on March 19 in cooperation with the health authorities of Metropolis and each Prefecture. The radiological survey by the government inspectors at the five designated ports was, at the later date, transferred to the Metropolis and each Prefecture. But later on, such other prefectures as Osaka, Hyogo, Wakayama, Kochi, Tokushima, Nagasaki and Kagoshima voluntarily initiated similar inspection on the fishes landed at the ports in their respective jurisdiction, because radioactivity was frequently detected from the tunas and other fishes caught in the sea nearer to Japan since the middle of May. The survey was continued till the discontinuation was ordered by the Government at the end of the year 1954. The author intends to summarize the data on the radiological survey at various ports in Japan as collected by the authorities of Ministry of Health and Welfare in order to obtain information as to the distribution and migration of contaminated fishes and as to the effect of the experimental hydrogen bomb detonation upon the fisheries of Japan.
|
2022-09-02T15:12:52.577Z
|
86,803,529 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1071/IT01017",
"MAG": "2117295007",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The taxonomy and bionomics of the southern African meloid genus Prolytta are reviewed. First-instar larvae of four species (P. coriacea, P. pallidipennis, P. lucida and P. semilineata) are described and keyed. The morphology of the specialised setae found in the larvae of this genus is discussed and compared with that of other blister beetles. Based on adult and larval morphology, two assemblages of species, the pallidipennis-group and the lucida-group, are recognised. Included are a key and catalogue of species, taxonomic remarks and several new faunistic records. Two new synonymies, Prolytta lucidicollis Kaszab, 1967 = Prolytta coriacea Kaszab, 1967 and Prolytta sumptuosa (Laporte de Castelnau, 1840) = Prolytta nitidula (Fabricius, 1775), are proposed.
|
2022-09-13T00:57:10.399Z
|
202,192,791 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.31431/1816-5524-2019-2-42-42-56",
"MAG": "2957931606",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBYNC",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "http://www.kscnet.ru/journal/kraesc/article/download/246/pdf"
}
|
Based on the field depth magnetotelluric measurements performed in the Tien Shan region, examples of the extraction of an electromagnetic field of endogenous origin are considered. The research was based on the following working hypothesis: irreversible rock deformations (cracking (and)) caused by the development of modern geodynamic processes form sources of the electromagnetic field of endogenous origin. The authors have introduced an approach that suggests the electromagnetic field of endogenous origin to be included in the impedance relations in an additive manner, which allows us to separate the electromagnetic field recorded on the surface, according to the position of the sources. The main point of this algorithm is that the known impedance of the lower half-space requires finding the difference between the tangential components of the electromagnetic field registered on the day surface. To implement the algorithm, a data processing programme for magnetotelluric sensing was compiled in order to identify sources of electromagnetic fields of endogenous origin.
|
2022-10-27T15:59:30.593Z
|
144,524,937 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1080/87567550109595856",
"MAG": "2025394190",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
hat have the Middle Ages bequeathed to us that still lives? There is Gothic archi tecture, I suppose, still in use, always impressive, frequently imitated. Two medieval institutions have survived: the university and the Roman Catholic Church. Then there are the fairy tales. No matter where on the globe they may have grown up, almost all college stu dents are able to recall a few fairy tales, and they will do so fondly. Should you perch on the edge of the desk and announce, "Once upon a time," even the resentful and bored are apt to produce a smile of remembrance or anticipation. This is useful. Any universally known, demonstrably unforgettable story can be pedagogical capital because there is so little common culture in the classroom. If
|
2022-11-23T14:59:51.171Z
|
15,411,006 |
{
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"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1145/2983990.2984032",
"MAG": "2535050116",
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},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://kar.kent.ac.uk/57941/1/oopsla16main-main157-p-19cb2f8-29253-final.pdf"
}
|
Despite the growing popularity of GPGPU programming, there is not yet a portable and formally-specified barrier that one can use to synchronise across workgroups. Moreover, the occupancy-bound execution model of GPUs breaks assumptions inherent in traditional software execution barriers, exposing them to deadlock. We present an occupancy discovery protocol that dynamically discovers a safe estimate of the occupancy for a given GPU and kernel, allowing for a starvation-free (and hence, deadlock-free) inter-workgroup barrier by restricting the number of workgroups according to this estimate. We implement this idea by adapting an existing, previously non-portable, GPU inter-workgroup barrier to use OpenCL 2.0 atomic operations, and prove that the barrier meets its natural specification in terms of synchronisation. We assess the portability of our approach over eight GPUs spanning four vendors, comparing the performance of our method against alternative methods. Our key findings include: (1) the recall of our discovery protocol is nearly 100%; (2) runtime comparisons vary substantially across GPUs and applications; and (3) our method provides portable and safe inter-workgroup synchronisation across the applications we study.
|
2022-12-12T02:10:16.844Z
|
15,670,980 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": "hep-ph/0606040",
"DOI": "10.1142/S0217732307022244",
"MAG": "2103474172",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Assuming the existence of one light sterile neutrino, we investigate the neutrino flavor mixing matrix in matter. Sum rules between the mixing parameters in vacuum and their counterparts in matter are derived. By using these new sum rules, we obtain the simple but exact expressions of the effective flavor mixing matrix in matter in terms of neutrino masses and the mixing parameters in vacuum. The rephasing invariants, sides of unitarity quadrangles and oscillation probabilities in matter are also achieved. Our model-independent results will be very helpful for analyzing flavor mixing and CP violation in the future long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments.
|
2022-12-19T20:26:36.113Z
|
226,433,257 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.14230/johut878",
"MAG": "3034341151",
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},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1178903"
}
|
Sanayi Devrimi etkilerinin Safranbolu’ya ulasmasindan once, onemli ticaret yollari uzerinde yer alan ve ticaretin onemli bir merkezi olan kent, ayni zamanda idari merkez olarak da bu donemde dikkati cekmektedir. Geleneksel Safranbolu kenti konutlari; kent icerisindeki konumlari, arsa sinirlamalari, geleneksel aile yasantisi, sosyal ve ekonomik yapi, inanc ve gelenekler, yerel malzemeler, iklim ve cografyanin etkisi ile yuzyillar icerisinde sekillenmistir. Cumhuriyet doneminde, bugun il merkezi, o donemde ise Safranbolu’nun bir koyu olan Karabuk’te, 1937 yilinda Demir Celik Fabrikasi’nin kurulmasiyla yapilan sanayi atilimlari, donemin mimarideki modern anlayisa bagli uygulamalari da hizli bir bicimde etkilenmistir. Karabuk’te, ozellikle Yenisehir’de sosyal donatilariyla planlanmis bir alanda insa edilmis konutlarin yaninda, geleneksel Safranbolu dokusu icerisinde, o donem gayrimuslimlerin yasadigi Kirankoy mevkii ile yine o donem yaz mevsiminde kullanilan Baglar mevkiinde yapilan Cumhuriyet Donemi konutlari mevcuttur. Bu konutlar o donem icin yeni yapi malzemelerinin kullanildigi, yeni yapim tekniklerinin uygulandigi ve yeni yasam tarzinin hayat buldugu ornekler olarak ele alinabilir. Calisma kapsaminda; Safranbolu’nun geleneksel dokusu icerisinde yer alan 12 adet Cumhuriyet donemi konut yapisi tespit edilmistir. Bunlar arasindan roloveleri alinarak plan ve ic mekân incelemelerinin yapilmasi mumkun olan bes adet konut yapisi secilmistir. Kirankoy mevkiinde bulunan, cok katliligi ile dikkati ceken Gokay Apartmani ile Baglar mevkiinde, ele aldigimiz donem kapsaminda tespit edilen yapilardan secilen Ganioglu Konagi, Kalafatoglu Konagi, Dumlu Konagi ve Ozkan Ailesine ait konut uzerine analiz calismalari yapilmistir. Diger yandan bu calismayi onemli kilan; modernist akimin, Turk inkilaplarinin ardindan “Yeni Mimari” adiyla geleneksel Osmanli kenti Safranbolu’ya ulastiginda, burada tekrar nasil yorumlandigini ortaya koymasidir.
|
2022-12-25T17:26:17.270Z
|
15,507,678 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1126/science.266.5188.1247",
"MAG": "1987003587",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Transgenic tobacco and Arabidopsis thaliana expressing the bacterial enzyme salicylate hydroxylase cannot accumulate salicylic acid (SA). This defect not only makes the plants unable to induce systemic acquired resistance, but also leads to increased susceptibility to viral, fungal, and bacterial pathogens. The enhanced susceptibility extends even to host-pathogen combinations that would normally result in genetic resistance. Therefore, SA accumulation is essential for expression of multiple modes of plant disease resistance.
|
2022-12-28T18:15:01.226Z
|
209,426,825 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2196/15707",
"MAG": "2980381924",
"PubMedCentral": "6942183"
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://mhealth.jmir.org/2019/12/e15707/PDF"
}
|
Background There is a limited understanding of components that should be included in digital interventions for 24-hour movement behaviors (physical activity [PA], sleep, and sedentary behavior [SB]). For intervention effectiveness, user engagement is important. This can be enhanced by a user-centered design to, for example, explore and integrate user preferences for intervention techniques and features. Objective This study aimed to examine adult users’ preferences for techniques and features in mobile apps for 24-hour movement behaviors. Methods A total of 86 participants (mean age 37.4 years [SD 9.2]; 49/86, 57% female) completed a Web-based survey. Behavior change techniques (BCTs) were based on a validated taxonomy v2 by Abraham and Michie, and engagement features were based on a list extracted from the literature. Behavioral data were collected using Fitbit trackers. Correlations, (repeated measures) analysis of variance, and independent sample t tests were used to examine associations and differences between and within users by the type of health domain and users’ behavioral intention and adoption. Results Preferences were generally the highest for information on the health consequences of movement behavior self-monitoring, behavioral feedback, insight into healthy lifestyles, and tips and instructions. Although the same ranking was found for techniques across behaviors, preferences were stronger for all but one BCT for PA in comparison to the other two health behaviors. Although techniques fit user preferences for addressing PA well, supplemental techniques may be able to address preferences for sleep and SB in a better manner. In addition to what is commonly included in apps, sleep apps should consider providing tips for sleep. SB apps may wish to include more self-regulation and goal-setting techniques. Few differences were found by users’ intentions or adoption to change a particular behavior. Apps should provide more self-monitoring (P=.03), information on behavior health outcome (P=.048), and feedback (P=.04) and incorporate social support (P=.048) to help those who are further removed from healthy sleep. A virtual coach (P<.001) and video modeling (P=.004) may provide appreciated support to those who are physically less active. PA self-monitoring appealed more to those with an intention to change PA (P=.03). Social comparison and support features are not high on users’ agenda and may not be needed from an engagement point of view. Engagement features may not be very relevant for user engagement but should be examined in future research with a less reflective method. Conclusions The findings of this study provide guidance for the design of digital 24-hour movement behavior interventions. As 24-hour movement guidelines are increasingly being adopted in several countries, our study findings are timely to support the design of interventions to meet these guidelines.
|
2022-12-30T00:28:16.984Z
|
34,240,576 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/3DTV.2008.4547875",
"MAG": "2165554082",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
In this paper, we extend our previous work on regular mesh simplification using scale-space filtering (SSF), to arbitrary meshes. Additional challenges in using arbitrary meshes involve accurately defining a geodesic distance and a structure attribute. Since our SSF method is based on Laplacian smoothing, which filters finer local details before larger global structures, it preserves perceptual quality that is consistent with how the human visual system looks at 3D objects moving from close to farther away. By keeping the simplified mesh vertices as a subset of the denser meshes, versus using the vertex split operation, bandwidth is utilized more efficiently during refinement. Our contribution lies in applying the shortest path normalized by variance, instead of using an un-normalized geodesic distance to weight the influence of a neighborhood. Variance normalization ensures that the global smoothing property is preserved. We build a priority list to facilitate vertex removal and insertion. Experimental results are presented to support our approach.
|
2022-02-12T09:30:13.932Z
|
105,756,434 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.7498/aps.38.1406",
"MAG": "2365163325",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "HYBRID",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.7498/aps.38.1406"
}
|
There is recent interest in atomic inner-shell two-photon decay processes because state-of-art experimental techniques (such as electronic coincident measurement etc.) have made it possible to measure the two-photon decay rate in the X-ray region. We perform relativistic self-consistent field calculations on the two-photon decay rates of (ls)~(-1)→(ns)~(-1) transitions (n = 2,3,4) and (ls)~(-1)→(nd)~(-1) transitions (n = 3,4) for hydrogen, hydrogen-like Xe ion and Xe atoms. Comparing the hydrogemc and the hydrogen-like Xe ion rates, we can clearly demonstrate the relativistic effect. Comparing our previous non-relativistic and our present relativistic Xe atom rates, we can also demonstrate the relativistic effect in the atomic inner-shell two photon decays. Comparing the hydrogen-like Xe ion and the Xe atom rates, we can explain the atomic screening effect. After elucidating the relativistic effect and the atomic screening effect, we are convinced that we have obtained the reliable relativistic rates, which can provide a basis to analyze th effect of electron correlations in the atomic inner-shell two-photon decays. We also compare our results with the experimental measurement and other theoretical results.
|
2022-09-04T05:14:28.904Z
|
77,202,187 |
{
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"DOI": "10.17135/JDHS.2015.15.5.642",
"MAG": "2406510441",
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},
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"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between oral health status and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) by using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) among adolescents in a metropolis of Korea. A total of 119 students in 1st grade in middle school and 1st grade in high school participated in this cross-sectional study. Oral examination was conducted by two trained dentists to collect in for mation about Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) and Community Periodontal Index (CPI). OHRQoL was evaluated by short-form of OHIP-14. Wilcoxon correlation, Kruskal-Wallis test and multiple regression analyses were performed to assess the association between oral health status and OHRQoL. All data was analyzed by SPSS 22.0 and the significance level was set at 0.05. The average of OHIP-14 score in adolescents having no dental caries () was higher than those having more than one DMFT index (). The average of OHIP-14 score in adolescents having bleeding observed () was higher than those having more than calculus detected (). The level of OHRQoL was higher in the participants perceiving better oral health condition compared to those perceiving poorer condition (p
|
2022-09-07T09:07:00.623Z
|
154,328,199 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1590/S0103-63512009000300004",
"MAG": "2141691309",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
This article analyses unemployment among young people, both poor and not poor, as well as the major difficulties faced by poor young people in job hunting. The results obtained reveal that poor young people face more difficulties than the not poor young people in obtaining a job. Besides, the main disadvantage faced by poor young people is their low level of education. Nevertheless, in a striking way, the unemployment rate doesn’t show a reduction among the most educated poor young people, unlike the situation for the not poor young people.
|
2022-12-10T09:52:45.319Z
|
206,527,827 |
{
"externalids": {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1177/0363546513490658",
"MAG": "2085710467",
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},
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"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Background: Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is an acquired lesion of the subchondral bone that may result in separation and instability of the overlying articular cartilage. Unstable lesions must be treated surgically to reestablish the joint surface as anatomically as possible. Hypothesis/Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of a biomimetic osteochondral scaffold to treat OCD by analyzing the results obtained at 2-year follow-up. The hypothesis was that this scaffold, which was developed to treat the entire osteochondral unit, might restore the articular surface and improve symptoms and function in patients affected by knee OCD. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Twenty-seven consecutive patients (19 men, 8 women; age [mean ± SD], 25.5 ± 7.7 years) who were affected by symptomatic knee OCD of the femoral condyles (average defect size 3.4 ± 2.2 cm2), grade 3 or 4 on the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) scale, were enrolled and treated with the implantation of a 3-layer collagen-hydroxyapatite scaffold. Patients were prospectively evaluated by subjective and objective International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Tegner scores preoperatively and at 1- and 2-year follow-up. An MRI was also performed at the 2 follow-up times. Results: A statistically significant improvement in all clinical scores was obtained at 1 year, and a further improvement was found the following year. At the 2-year follow-up, the IKDC subjective score had increased from 48.4 ± 17.8 preoperatively to 82.3 ± 12.2, the IKDC objective evaluation from 40% to 85% of normal knees, and the Tegner score from 2.4 ± 1.7 to 4.5 ± 1.6. The MRI evaluations showed good defect filling and implant integration but also inhomogeneous regenerated tissue and subchondral bone changes in most patients at both follow-up times. No correlation between the MOCART (magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue) score and clinical outcome was found. Conclusion: This biomimetic osteochondral scaffold seems to be a valid treatment option for knee OCD, showing a good clinical outcome at 2-year follow-up. Moreover, the improvement was not correlated with lesion size, so large lesions can benefit from this implant. Less favorable findings were obtained with MRI evaluation.
|
2022-12-20T02:24:48.027Z
|
36,802,988 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1890/08-1011.1",
"MAG": "2091661172",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Biotic responses to climate change will vary among taxa and across latitudes, elevational gradients, and degrees of insularity. However, due to factors such as phenotypic plasticity, ecotypic variation, and evolved tolerance to thermal stress, it remains poorly understood whether losses should be greatest in populations experiencing the greatest climatic change or living in places where the prevailing climate is closest to the edge of the species' bioclimatic envelope (e.g., at the hottest, driest sites). Research on American pikas (Ochotona princeps) in montane areas of the Great Basin during 1994-1999 suggested that 20th-century population extirpations were predicted by a combination of biogeographic, anthropogenic, and especially climatic factors. Surveys during 2005-2007 documented additional extirpations and within-site shifts of pika distributions at remaining sites. To evaluate the evidence in support of alternative hypotheses involving effects of thermal stress on pikas, we placed temperature sensors at 156 locations within pika habitats in the vicinity of 25 sites with historical records of pikas in the Basin. We related these time series of sensor data to data on ambient temperature from weather stations within the Historical Climate Network. We then used these highly correlated relationships, combined with long-term data from the same weather stations, to hindcast temperatures within pika habitats from 1945 through 2006. To explain patterns of loss, we posited three alternative classes of direct thermal stress: (1) acute cold stress (number of days below a threshold temperature); (2) acute heat stress (number of days above a threshold temperature); and (3) chronic heat stress (average summer temperature). Climate change was defined as change in our thermal metrics between two 31-yr periods: 1945-1975 and 1976-2006. We found that patterns of persistence were well predicted by metrics of climate. Our best models suggest some effects of climate change; however, recent and long-term metrics of chronic heat stress and acute cold stress, neither previously recognized as sources of stress for pikas, were some of the best predictors of pika persistence. Results illustrate that extremely rapid distributional shifts can be explained by climatic influences and have implications for conservation topics such as reintroductions and early-warning indicators.
|
2022-12-24T18:12:34.894Z
|
28,037,177 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/IMCET.2016.7777446",
"MAG": "2560197373",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
When humanoid robots are pushed they risk falling and damaging themselves. Preemptive fall avoidance strategies are becoming popular and usually involve measures such as actively actuating the ankles, the hips or even taking steps. Deciding which strategy to take can be determined based on a stability region-known as the decision surface-drawn on a phase plot of the robot's state. Unfortunately, the decision surface is limited to disturbances emanating from the sagittal or coronal planes. This paper addresses this limitation by proposing a decision hypersurface for a hip strategy, which is used for the prediction of limiting states for recovery from disturbances in any orientation. A second contribution is the extension of the hip strategies for humanoid fall avoidance to disturbances in random directions. Both, strategies and decision hypersurfaces are tested on the Webots simulator then implemented on a real humanoid robot.
|
2022-02-12T15:01:44.536Z
|
147,767,227 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.21118/APGS.V5I1.377",
"MAG": "2410441399",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
O objetivo e analisar as implicacoes das decisoes impressas na Constituicao brasileira de 1891 no desenvolvimento economico regional e na dinâmica das empresas brasileiras fundadas por imigrantes. Os processos inerentes a imigracao para o Brasil, a politica publica de estimulo a migracao interna de imigrantes europeus e a dinâmica dessas familias podem ter contribuido ao desenvolvimento economico da regiao colonial no RS, bem como no modelo de gestao e na cultura organizacional predominante nas empresas familiares brasileiras. A base analitica e a Constituicao Economica de 1891 e as estatisticas populacionais, sociais, politicas e culturais do IBGE. O percurso analitico considerou o contexto historico social, elementos gerais do processo (i)migratorio a partir da segunda metade do seculo XIX, a trajetoria dos imigrantes nas “antigas colonias” e o fluxo migratorio interno formador das “novas colonias”. Os resultados indicam que a politica publica fez surgir uma zona geografica atipica caracterizada por um mosaico etnico-cultural, permeado de empreendimentos familiares urbanos e rurais, na sua maioria constituido por migrantes italianos das “velhas” para as “novas” colonias.
|
2022-09-15T00:33:07.067Z
|
450,098 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1248/CPB.31.3656",
"MAG": "1996428583",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Urinary metabolites of loxoprofen-14C sodium were determined in rats, mice, dogs and monkeys after oral administration of the drug. In all these animal species, the cyclopentanone moiety of loxoprofen was predominantly reduced to trans-OH (an active principle), together with cis-OH (minor product). The monohydroxy metabolites were further hydroxylated in rats to the diols (M-4, M-5 and M-6), which were excreted in urine as the main metabolites. Mice excreted the monohydroxy metabolites mainly as their free forms. In dogs, the monohydroxy metabolites were conjugated with taurine and glucuronic acid, and monkeys furnished the ester glucuronides of the monohydroxy metabolites. Thus, species differences were observed both in the hydroxylation and in the conjugation reactions of the monohydroxy metabolites produced by the reduction of loxoprofen.
|
2022-12-14T20:51:01.744Z
|
207,162,945 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1021/jacs.5b12687",
"MAG": "2287119155",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Trioxacarcins DC-45-A2, DC-45-A1, A, D, C7″-epi-C, and C have been synthesized through stereoselective strategies involving BF3·Et2O-catalyzed ketone-epoxide opening and gold-catalyzed glycosylation reactions, and the full structural assignment of trioxacacin C was deciphered via the syntheses of both of its C7″ epimers. The gathered knowledge sets the foundation for the design, synthesis, and biological evalution of analogues of these natural products as potential payloads for antibody-drug conjugates and other delivery systems for targeted and personalized cancer chemotherapy.
|
2022-12-19T18:42:14.572Z
|
216,134,323 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1300/J033v08n03_03",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Powerful technological and economic forces, working in tandem, are both expanding the market and making it more competitive than ever. Cyber technology has greatly accelerated the process of economic globalization and is fundamentally altering the very nature of market dynamics. On the supply side, it is making entry barrier lower for prospective firms in a market. At the same time, it is increasing competition among firms through a significant decrease in consumers’ information search and shopping costs by essentially creating “cyber-markets” where competition is just a “mouse click” away. On the economic front, healthy growth both in domestic and international markets, including those in the hitherto neglected “emerging economies” like China, India and Brazil has significantly increased the current and future aggregate market demand. As companies jockey for position in an increasingly attractive and yet highly competitive marketplace, the need for strategic business planning has never been more crucial. The crux for strategic business planning lies in the careful assessment of evidence with which management can reconcile a firm’s internal capabilities to the external business environment in order to put the firm’s limited resources to maximum competitive advantage. So, business environmental assessment provides essentially one half of the critical evidentiary input into strategic planning decision while the other half flows from the assessment of internal capabilities. Thus, to the extent that their plans are well grounded in environmental assessBOOK REVIEWS
|
2022-01-24T19:42:01.721Z
|
154,747,050 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1353/mfs.2001.0082",
"MAG": "2080235918",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
theorized introductions to texts by novelists such as Joyce Elbrecht and Lydia Fakundiny (who write together as author/subject Jael B. Juba), Laird completes her study with another such illuminating pairing of pairings in "Rewriting America." Whereas Laird opens her text by recreating a model of "collaborative desire" informed by but not limited to a psychoanalytical perspective, the integrative pluralism of her approach permits her to conjoin subjects and modes of inquiry from autobiography to deconstruction. In the hands of a less skillful critic, such a methodology might seem cumbersome or erratic, but Laird's deft synthesis remains always specific in support, meticulously argued, and readable. Equally important, her project provides a model for further analyses of this kind. As Laird remarks, "The aim of this study is not to set forth one kind of collaboration as ideal or even as better in some sense than another, but to learn what can be gleaned from the juxtapositions of different kinds and degrees of collaboration." Indeed, Women Coauthors stands to inspire other such innovative critical juxtapositions.
|
2022-02-09T01:40:40.088Z
|
26,331,926 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/TCE.2005.1467974",
"MAG": "2077588049",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
A radio frequency transceiver reference design for third generation UTRA/FDD W-CDMA cellular handset is presented in this paper, A number of commercial RFICs are analyzed by considering the heterodyne architecture implementation of the transceiver. Requirements and considerations in the cellular handset radio frequency transceiver design are also discussed. Numerical analysis and measurement results obtained in this work could be used as a reference design for immediate RF transceiver hardware implementation in commercial 3G W-CDMA cellular handsets.
|
2022-06-20T16:29:23.597Z
|
19,906,702 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1142/S1793351X0700010X",
"MAG": "2143474513",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Retrieving information about the occurrences of persons in a video is an important task in many video indexing and retrieval applications. The problem is to answer the question "In which shots and scenes does person X appear?". In this paper, we present an automatic video annotation system with respect to a person's appearance based on state-of-the-art algorithms for face detection, tracking and recognition. In contrast to many related approaches, knowledge about the persons in a given video is not assumed in advance. Adaboost is employed after an initial clustering of faces to select the best features describing a person's face. These features are then used to train new classifiers based only on the faces extracted from the video under consideration. Several possibilities to train Adaboost and support vector machine (ensemble) classifiers directly on a video are compared. Finally, experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of correcting in-plane face rotation and of the employed self-supervised learning method
|
2022-10-03T16:14:03.187Z
|
19,576,592 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1021/ol9026667",
"MAG": "2029435281",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The chemoselectivity of a Ru-catalyzed cycloisomerization reaction has been established. The preference for O- capture of the vinylidene intermediate allows for the synthesis of 4-aminodihydropyrans that are valuable synthetic intermediates. The synthetic utility of these structures has been demonstrated in the synthesis of l-forosamine.
|
2022-12-11T15:00:03.671Z
|
221,360,376 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.8.2469",
"MAG": "3082774233",
"PubMedCentral": "7771925"
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Objective: Many studies suggested that fucoidan has anticancer potential. The objective of the present study was to determine the cytotoxic effects and mechanism of cell death induced by fucoidan extracted from Fucus vesiculosus on HSC-3 oral squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: HSC-3 cells were treated with 0, 100, 200, and 400 μg/mL of fucoidan. Cell viability was measured using MTT assay. Apoptosis and cell cycle were measured with a flow cytometry-based assay. Chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation were determined using Hoechst 33342 staining. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was determined using the JC-1 kit. The apoptotic, anti-apoptotic, and autophagic markers study were done by western blot analysis. Results: the viable cell number of treated HSC-3 cells was decreased. Moreover, treated cells were arrested in the G0/G1 phase. Annexin V/PI staining revealed that fucoidan could induce apoptosis in HSC-3 cells. Western blot analysis suggested the up-regulation of apoptotic markers including cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP, Bax, and autophagic markers including LC3-II and Beclin-1 but down-regulation of anti-apoptotic markers, Bcl-2. Fucoidan could disturb ΔΨm and induce chromatin condensation with nuclear fragmentation. Conclusion: fucoidan has potential in anticancer properties against HSC-3 cells manifested by the induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and autophagy.
|
2022-12-13T04:42:15.542Z
|
54,648,550 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3354/MEPS07947",
"MAG": "2072610667",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Clinical fish disease and liver pathology are high-level indicators of ecosystem health. Interna- tionally agreed protocols for their measurement have allowed for the comparison of datasets that transcend international marine boundaries and have promoted the collection of quality assured data by several coun- tries bordering the northeast Atlantic and associated seas. Here, grossly visible diseases and liver lesions (including tumours) were recorded between 2002 and 2006 from UK Clean Seas Environmental Monitoring Programme sites in the Irish and North Seas and in the English Channel. Diagnosis followed protocols developed by the International Council for the Explo- ration of the Sea and the Biological Effects Quality Assurance in Monitoring Programmes. Multivariate data analysis revealed a stable disease profile at most sites sampled. Sites with the highest levels of grossly visible diseases and liver lesions consistently grouped together within a given year, and distinctly from those sites displaying a lower prevalence of disease. Between-year analyses for these sites demonstrated the repetitive nature of these patterns, suggesting a rel- atively consistent disease profile between years, even at open ocean sites. Assessment of prevalence for the different diseases allowed for development of a grad- ing system that assigned relative harm scores for pop- ulations existing at a particular site. Grading of harm scores into site types may provide an assessment tool for managers to identify sites of concern and to cross- correlate disease with potential causal factors. The use of disease data in marine environment status monitoring is discussed.
|
2022-12-18T10:57:53.800Z
|
109,257,390 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1108/EB052296",
"MAG": "1973352165",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Members of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers recently visited the Park Gear Works of David Brown and Sons (Huddersfield) Ltd., and after touring the works, Mr Everest presented a lecture, of which the following is an abbreviated version.
|
2022-02-10T06:18:20.050Z
|
243,908,270 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.54104/papeles.v12n23.643",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBYNCSA",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "http://revistas.uan.edu.co/index.php/papeles/article/download/643/546"
}
|
Uno de los principales desafíos para las instituciones de formación para el trabajo es garantizar una educación pertinente y de calidad; en esa tarea, el currículo se convierte en un proceso fundamental para alcanzar esos retos. De allí que el objetivo principal del presente estudio sea conocer cuál es la percepción que tienen acerca del currículo los miembros de la comunidad académica de la Escuela de auxiliares de enfermería del Hospital Militar Central (Bogotá). La metodología tiene un enfoque cuantitativo, con un diseño no experimental y se ubica en los estudios de tipo diagnóstico. Se contó con la participación de 70 estudiantes, 21 egresados, 9 docentes y 2 directivos del centro educativo. El instrumento utilizado permite evaluar diferentes dimensiones del currículo, ya que cuenta con consistencia interna y fiabilidad de los resultados obtenidos. El análisis de las dimensiones evaluadas permite concluir que hay un consenso muy alto de percepción de satisfacción de los miembros de la comunidad educativa de la Escuela de auxiliares de enfermería del Hospital Militar Central.
|
2022-04-22T04:38:47.545Z
|
80,426,444 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2530/JSLSM.JSLSM-37_0009",
"MAG": "2751158642",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Orthodontic treatment is to reconstruct the jaws and teeth of malocclusion patients, and is re-establishing normal function and morphology and aesthetics of the oral cavity and face, however, there are some demerits. In order to improve the demerits of orthodontic treatment, we have conducted a series of studies that the bio-stimulatory effects of soft laser irradiation on orthodontic treatment. The results of those studies were that soft laser irradiation could accelerate bone regeneration in a mid-palatal suture during rapid palatal expansion, tooth movement during orthodontic tooth movement, and stability of orthodontic anchor screws through surrounding bone formation. Furthermore, the laser for which was less than that required to induce pulp damage. Based on these results, it is concluded that the combined use of a CO 2 laser and adhesive containing microcapsules could be effective and safe for de-bonding ceramic brackets with less enamel damage or tooth pain. Thus, by applying the soft and hard laser in the orthodontic treatment, it is likely that it is possible to provide shorter orthodontic treatment period and better quality of treatment.
|
2022-05-31T05:38:27.980Z
|
111,233,014 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1541/IEEJIAS.124.1120",
"MAG": "2070250489",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
These days, a quiet induction motor is in great demands. In low speed motor with 4 poles and 6 poles, electromagnetic noise is predominant in acoustic noise. Most electromagnetic vibration and noise is originated from combination of harmonic fluxes in the air gap. Space distribution of fundamental and harmonic fluxes was studied using search coil, FEM analysis and equations. Harmonic fluxes including fundamental one were measured with 36 search coils on inner surface of the stator teeth. From this experiment, flux space distribution in each flux frequencies was obtained. Flux space distribution was also analyzed by FEM. These results were analytically checked by mathematical equation. From these stuff, space flux distribution mode, for various harmonics was confirmed. This result will be useful for quiet motor design.
|
2022-06-04T03:30:15.285Z
|
145,640,384 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1017/S0031819100018350",
"MAG": "2139528789",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
would seem that sociologists claim to wander freely over the whole territory of social experience. If so, are they merely workers with interests different from those of ordinary specialists, and are they not claiming to conduct profitable operations in a territory that is too large for any one group of men? It is one thing to welcome a book like this, and another to admit that is an argument for, and far less a proof of, the existence of sociology.
|
2022-07-27T09:57:58.585Z
|
251,059,659 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1177/002795016101600102",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
This appraisal of the economic situation was prepared before the Chancellor's measures announced on 25 July. The effects of these measures, and the modifications to the economic prospects for demand, are discussed on pages 15 and 16.
|
2022-07-27T06:00:06.263Z
|
187,758,183 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1162/ISAL_A_00093",
"MAG": "2884228464",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
This paper argues that, in addition to assessing a design’s hard impacts in terms of safety, environmental issues, and health, also soft impacts, such as ethical implications, need to be systematically and proactively addressed. This is particularly important for (weak) AI-technologies that are increasingly shaping today’s society. When Microsoft released its AI chatbot Tay on Twitter in March 2016, Tay was supposed to learn to chat as an average American teenage girl. However, she quickly became sexist, racist, and anti-Semitic. Microsoft turned out to be overly naive about the intentions of Twitter users who had to ‘train’ Tay and, in doing so, the developers did not properly acknowledge their ethical responsibility. Even though technology’s non-neutrality has become generally accepted within the fields of ethics and philosophy of technology, other disciplines, such as engineering and computer science, often still adhere to the view that technology itself is neutral. Yet, technology mediates our actions and perceptions in numerous ways. Today, algorithms not only have an important share in how we see the world, they can also predict our future behaviour. Neither algorithms nor datasets are inherently neutral; on the contrary, users’ and developers’ biases can seep into them. Overall, this paper seeks to give attention to the non-neutrality of AI-technologies, the ethical responsibility of its developers, and the soft impacts of existing and emerging AI-technologies. In doing so, three ways are discussed in which the agenda of technology developers can be broadened with a more systematic focus on assessing soft impacts.
|
2022-07-28T01:18:02.813Z
|
146,565,497 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1353/lbr.2005.0034",
"MAG": "2158439844",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Muitos leitores conhecem José de Alencar principalmente como romancista. No entanto, entre 1850 e 1860, Alencar escreveu algumas peças de teatro que hoje são pouco estudadas. Duas destas peças, O demônio familiar 1857 e Mãe 1860, abordam a temática da escravidão no Brasil, tema altamente debatido na segunda metade do século XIX. Ambas as peças são representativas do projeto intelectual de Alencar por definir a identidade nacional e participar na construção de uma literatura verdadeiramente brasileira. Como tal, a análise de ambas as peças acrescenta uma dimensão notável ao estudo da obra literária e política alencariana. Como muitos textos do século dezenove, O demônio familiar e Mãe funcionam como complexas alegorias da nação. Ao nível literal, as peças se opõem à escravidão e ao racismo. Ao nível abstrato, por outro lado, propõem um modelo social conservador através do exemplo da unidade familiar patriarcal e europeizante. O leitor que procura o conteúdo progressista das obras deve reconhecer o passo radical que Alencar dá quando propõe o fim da escravidão, idealiza a mulher de cor como mãe e apresenta o filho da mulher negra como modelo ideal do brasileiro.
|
2022-09-11T13:30:09.242Z
|
11,745,982 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1136/hrt.51.6.648",
"MAG": "2115171302",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://heart.bmj.com/content/heartjnl/51/6/648.full.pdf"
}
|
The effects of long term treatment with oral amiodarone on retrograde conduction ( S2H2 interval) and refractoriness of the His-Purkinje system were studied in 11 patients using His bundle electrograms and the ventricular extrastimulus method. Ten patients had ventricular tachycardia and one supraventricular tachycardia. Electrophysiological studies were carried out before and after the patients had been taking their maintenance dose for a mean duration of 84 days. After amiodarone treatment the HV interval was prolonged in seven patients and unchanged in four. At comparable S1S2 intervals, the S2H2 intervals were longer after treatment with amiodarone in all patients than before. Similarly, the longest S2H2 intervals achieved after amiodarone were longer than the control values. Amiodarone significantly increased the relative, effective, and functional refractory periods of the His-Purkinje system. Thus amiodarone exerts important effects on the His-Purkinje system.
|
2022-09-12T04:30:02.172Z
|
235,637,823 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/ICSE-Companion52605.2021.00082",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
MAANA (in Arabic: "meaning") is a tool for performingdomain-specific handling of ambiguity in requirements. Given a requirements document as input, MAANA detectsthe requirements that are potentially ambiguous. The focus ofMAANA is on coordination ambiguity and prepositional-phraseattachment ambiguity; these are two common ambiguity typesthat have been studied in the requirements engineering literature. To detect ambiguity, MAANA utilizes structural patterns anda set of heuristics derived from a domain-specific corpus. Thegenerated analysis file after running the tool can be reviewed byrequirements analysts. Through combining different knowledgesources, MAANA highlights also the requirements that mightcontain unacknowledged ambiguity. That is when the analystsunderstand different interpretations for the same requirement, without explicitly discussing it with the other analysts due to timeconstraints. This artifact paper presents the details of MAANA. MAANA is associated with the ICSE 2021 technical papertitled "Using Domain-specific Corpora for Improved Handlingof Ambiguity in Requirements". The tool is publicly available onGitHub and Zenodo.
|
2022-10-21T00:41:03.796Z
|
186,506,918 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1088/1757-899X/295/1/012016",
"MAG": "2794151389",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
By statically balancing of the plane mechanisms and especially those functioning at high speeds is being pursued the decrease of the value of the resultant force of all inertia forces that work on the component elements, thus obtaining a significant decrease in vibrations and shocks during the functioning. On the other hand, the existence of balancing masses which ensure the balancing of the mechanism leads to increased gauge and its mass. In this paper are presented some possibilities of statically balancing a plane mechanism which is composed of three independent contours. First is analyzed the case when the mechanism is totally balanced. Then a solution is proposed for a partial balancing of the mechanism based on the balancing of the first harmonic of the inertia force developed in a piston of the mechanism. Finally, are presented some simulation results concerning the variation of the value of the resultant inertia force during a cinematic cycle when the mechanism is unbalanced and when it is partially balanced. Also, it is analyzed the variation of the motor moment when the mechanism is unbalanced and when is totally and partially balanced.
|
2022-10-21T00:43:57.405Z
|
137,138,941 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1063/1.881262",
"MAG": "1645050523",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
A worldwide effort to develop high‐temperature‐superconductor thin films and electronic devices began within weeks of the initial discovery in early 1987 of superconductivity above liquid‐nitrogen temperature. The ensuing period has seen remarkable progress, spurred by innovations in deposition technology, materials characterization and device design. Prospects for practical electronic applications of superconductivity have driven the development of high‐temperature‐superconductor thin‐film technology at an unprecedented pace. After five years researchers in the field have surmounted many of the initial hurdles in developing the new materials, and they are now working toward the first practical implementations of high‐temperature‐superconductor electronic technology.
|
2022-10-24T15:41:00.712Z
|
40,448,805 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/aos.13113",
"MAG": "2414943257",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/aos.13113"
}
|
To examine the incidence of retinal detachments and to evaluate patient profiles and surgical characteristics.
|
2022-11-11T19:36:38.609Z
|
89,620,910 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1089/gtmb.2018.0276",
"MAG": "2927675443",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Aims: The aim of this study was to summarize the currently available evidence on the associations between the IL-10-1082G/A, IL-10-592A/C, and IL-10-819G/A polymorphisms and susceptibility to atopic dermatitis (AD). Materials and Methods: Five electronic databases including PubMed, the Web of Science, Excerpta Medica dataBASE, the Cochrane Library, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched for potential studies. Studies illustrating the association of the IL-10-1082G/A, IL-10-592A/C, and IL-10-819G/A polymorphisms and AD susceptibility were included in this meta-analysis. For a study to be included, it had to have been published before September 20, 2018. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Summary odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to evaluate potential associations under five genetic models. Results: A total of 15 case-control studies comprising of 1647 AD patients and 2031 controls were included in this meta-analysis. Their methodological qualities were generally high. We confirmed an association between the IL-10-819G/A polymorphism and AD, but there was an insignificant association identified between the IL-10-1082G/A and the IL-10-592A/C polymorphisms and AD when all ethnic groups were considered together. The subgroup analyses revealed some ethnic-specific effects. For the IL-10-819G/A polymorphism, individuals with the GG-genotype seemed to have an increased risk of AD among Caucasian populations, but less so in the Asian populations. However, for the IL-10-1082G/A polymorphism, the GG-genotype carriers seemed to be more susceptible to AD in the Asian populations than in the Caucasian populations. Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggests that the IL-10-819G/A polymorphism seems to be associated with increased risk of AD among Caucasian populations, and that the IL-10-1082G/A polymorphism seems to be correlated with AD among Asian populations.
|
2022-12-11T08:16:33.246Z
|
16,611,583 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/RADAR.2013.6586121",
"MAG": "2070128399",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The inherent amplitude modulation of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has limited its use in radar due to transmitter-induced distortion. Specifically, there is a necessary trade-off between reduced SNR caused by power back-off to accommodate these AM effects and the waveform distortion that occurs when driving the amplifier closer to saturation. Here a method is developed to design OFDM-based radar emissions with low range sidelobes in the presence of transmitter-induced distortion. This work builds upon previous results for hardware-in-the-loop optimization of continuous phase modulation (CPM) waveforms to demonstrate how saturated OFDM emissions may potentially provide a feasible alternative waveform design scheme.
|
2022-12-14T05:11:07.753Z
|
31,413,145 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/ISCAS.2003.1205065",
"MAG": "1837776948",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
This paper describes a generalized electromagnetic model order reduction technique in order to construct macromodels of PCB interconnects in consideration of the detailed layout. This technique facilitates the handling of hybrid system equations consisting of electromagnetic systems and linear lumped networks. The accuracy of the proposed method is substantiated with some numerical examples.
|
2022-12-14T13:07:54.509Z
|
28,900,077 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1080/00015458.2005.11679798",
"MAG": "2345935610",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Abstract Breast hamartoma is a benign and rare tumour consisting of glandular fat and fibrous tissue. A 36-year old woman was admitted to our clinic, complaining of a mass in her right breast since two months. Ultrasonographic and mammographic examinations revealed a 10 cm mass diagnosed as fibroadenolipoma. Total excision of the mass was performed without any complication. Histopathological examination revealed fibroadenomatous hamartoma.
|
2022-12-21T09:20:17.597Z
|
84,077,729 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1590/S0101-81752002000400022",
"MAG": "1979061233",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Two new species of Chinaia Bruner & Metcalf, 1934 are described: Chinaia bidentata sp. nov. (Brazil, Parana) and Chinaia rubra sp. nov. (Brazil, Amazonas). The new species can be distinguished by the aspect of the male genitalia, mainly by the shape of aedeagus and pygofer. In addition, is presented a key to males of Chinaia.
|
2022-12-30T00:41:21.229Z
|
169,990,657 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2478/mgrsd-2010-0024",
"MAG": "2902166397",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBYNCND",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://content.sciendo.com/downloadpdf/journals/mgrsd/14/1/article-p255.pdf"
}
|
Abstract The systemic transformation of Poland after 1989 led to an acceleration of restructuring processes both in the national economy and in individual regions. The dynamics of changes was exceptionally high in rural areas. The most rapid changes occurred in areas which are situated within the range of the direct influence of bigger cities. This paper strives to compare the changes in entrepreneurship which took place in the suburban areas of Kielce and Radom during the transformation period, before and after the introduction of the administrative reform in Poland. We sought answers to the following questions: – What differences occur in the dynamics of changes of the entrepreneurship indicator in sub-urban areas in case of two cities of a similar size, of which only Kielce has remained the regional (voivodship) capital? – What differences occur in the dynamics of changes of the entrepreneurship indicator in relation to the distance from the central city? In order to answer the above questions, the entrepreneurship indicators for agriculture, industry and service sectors were calculated for the analysed areas between 1995 and 2005.
|
2022-12-30T00:58:10.067Z
|
2,209,445 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1136/bjsports-2014-094036",
"MAG": "2170156250",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/49/10/657.full.pdf"
}
|
Background The effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections for osteoarthritis (OA) is still controversial. We investigated the effect of PRP injections in patients with knee OA based on decreasing pain, improving function, global assessment and changes regarding joint imaging. Methods We performed a comprehensive, systematic literature search in computerised databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, CENTRAL, Web of Science and PEDro) until June 2014 for randomised or non-randomised controlled trials. These were graded for risk of bias and a level of evidence was provided. If possible, meta-analysis was performed. Results Ten trials were included. In these, intra-articular PRP injections were more effective for pain reduction (mean difference (MD) −2.45; 95% CI −2.92 to −1.98; p value <0.00001 and MD −2.07; 95% CI −2.59 to −1.55; p value <0.00001, single and double PRP injections, respectively) compared with placebo at 6 months postinjection. Intra-articular PRP injections were compared with hyaluronic acid and showed a statistically significant difference in favour of PRP on pain reduction based on the visual analogue scale and numeric rating scale (standardised mean difference −0.92; 95% CI −1.20 to −0.63; p value <0.00001) at 6 months postinjection. Almost all trials revealed a high risk of bias. Conclusions On the basis of the current evidence, PRP injections reduced pain more effectively than did placebo injections in OA of the knee (level of evidence: limited due to a high risk of bias). This significant effect on pain was also seen when PRP injections were compared with hyaluronic acid injections (level of evidence: moderate due to a generally high risk of bias). Additionally, function improved significantly more when PRP injections were compared with controls (limited to moderate evidence). More large randomised studies of good quality and low risk of bias are needed to test whether PRP injections should be a routine part of management of patients with OA of the knee.
|
2023-01-01T17:47:32.845Z
|
78,333,052 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.20472/BMC.2016.004.003",
"MAG": "2555191933",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
People have several images towards foreign people from different nationalities. These images may be shaped by several factors. Turkish students have an image of Japanese people in their minds. This study aims to understand the image of Japanese people in the eyes of Turkish university students. A survey was carried out on 400 students from Selcuk University to understand their impressions about Japanese people. Results of the study indicate that university students have a favorable image towards Japanese people. Results of this study also show that the most favorable aspects of Japanese people according to the participants are their diligence, smiling characteristic, advanced level of technology.
|
2022-02-11T04:51:45.758Z
|
209,336,249 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/IT&QM&IS.2019.8928451",
"MAG": "2996126441",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The most important component of a modern product quality control system is automated measuring devices, which exclude subjective errors during the control according to an approved method. When mass production of electronic products such tools are developed in accordance with the production technology and the life cycle of specific products. For independent quality control laboratories that carry out orders for selective control of product parameters, the use of such tools is practically excluded. In our opinion, it is advisable to equip such laboratories with automated measurement systems based on commercially produced measuring devices with the ability to quickly adapt to changing the control procedures at the program level. The paper explores the possibilities of using digital oscilloscopes of the MSO1000 series and generators of the DG1000 series as components of a measuring laboratory, analyzes the basic capabilities of these devices, and provides fragments of instrument control code for their integration into a single automated measurement system. As an example of practical implementation, the process of automated measurement of the transfer characteristic of an optical angular displacement sensor using the API functions of the Rigol MSO 1000 digital oscilloscope and the specialized transfer characteristics processing libraries is shown.
|
2022-06-14T11:42:01.258Z
|
121,561,579 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1121/1.2003917",
"MAG": "2016088879",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://asa.scitation.org/doi/pdf/10.1121/1.2003917"
}
|
Railway train squeal noise on a curve of small radius consists of specific frequencies which correspond to the natural frequencies of the axial vibration of a wheel. Those vibrational modes are nodal modes, such as (4,0) or (7,0), and the damping coefficients of a wheel are small in those particular kinds of modes. To investigate the specific frequencies of squeal noise, we made an experimental apparatus which has a thin steel disk and a steel rod. For the purpose of our experiment we will assume that the disk serves as a wheel and the rod serves as a rail. The circumferential face of the disk is rubbed in the axial direction with the rod. The frequencies of squeal noise generated by this fundamental experiment are coincident with those of the nodal modes. Frequencies with a small damping coefficient tend to occur in the squeal noise. Thus, the results of the numerical model concerning the main frequency of squeal noise generated by the coupled vibration of a disk and a rod almost agreed with the results ...
|
2022-08-20T18:37:35.476Z
|
36,248,168 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1001/ARCHINTE.1968.03640020033006",
"MAG": "1977872713",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The clinical and bacteriological features of 16 patients with septicemia due to Serratia marcescens are described. Seven patients survived the septicemia, nine did not. All survivors had organisms sensitive to at least one antibiotic and had been treated with the appropriate antibiotic. Both patients who had strains of Serratia resistant to all antibiotics died. Factors that appear to predispose to Serratia infection included prior corticosteroid therapy, the postoperative status, mechanical respiratory manipulation, instrumentation of the genitourinary tract, multiple and "broad-spectrum" antibiotic therapy, and chronic, debilitating disease. More isolates of Serratia were sensitive to kanamycin sulfate than any other antibiotic tested. It is recommended that until specific antibiotic sensitivities can be obtained, patients with Serratia septicemia should be treated with kanamycin in combination with chloramphenicol or ampicillin. Whereas the pathogenicity of S marcescens has been doubted in the past, these data confirm that in certain clinical situations the organism can become
|
2022-09-14T08:32:47.953Z
|
116,174,058 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1088/1755-1315/147/1/012044",
"MAG": "2803197168",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/147/1/012044"
}
|
Nowadays, the preferences of organic products such as organic rice have been increased. It because of the people awareness of the healthy and eco-friendly food product consumption has grown. Therefore, it is very important to ensure organic quality of the product that will be produced. Certification is a series of process that holds to ensure the quality of products meets all criteria of organic standards. Currently, there is a problem that traceability information system for organic rice certification has been not available. The current system still conducts manually caused the loss of information during storage process. This paper aimed at developing a traceability framework on organic rice certification process. First, the main discussed issues are organic certification process. Second, unified modeling language (UML) is used to build the model of user requirement in order to develop traceability system for all actors in the certification process. Furthermore, the information captured model along certification process will be explained in this paper. The model shows the information flow that has to be recorded for each actor. Finally, the challenges in the implementation system will be discussed in this paper.
|
2022-09-16T14:49:14.715Z
|
225,082,471 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.031996",
"MAG": "3093920290",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
In Response: We thank Xia et al for their interest in our article,1 and their relevant comments. Regarding the definition of incidence, in our study, we recorded overall patients with acute ischemic stroke (ie, incident stroke, including both first-ever episode in a lifetime and recurrent stroke), and we assessed the presence of an arterial occlusion in them. An important clarification is that a visible arterial occlusion was considered only if it was responsible for the acute ischemic stroke. Conversely, an incidental finding of an arterial occlusion not causative of the acute ischemic stroke was not considered in this study. Therefore, we calculated annual incidence rates of total ischemic stroke and annual incidence rates of ischemic stroke due to a visible arterial occlusion, in our population (in Table 3). Our aim was to provide ageand sex-specific rates so as to help in estimating the potential number of patients eligible to mechanical thrombectomy in other populations with various demographic structures. Although we provided the prevalence of causative visible arterial occlusion among patients with acute ischemic stroke (29.2%), we did not present the prevalence of overall arterial occlusions in these patients since the identification of an old occlusion, not related to the incident ischemic stroke, would not be relevant in terms of acute therapeutic strategies. We also thank Xia et al for their additional comment regarding the apparent greater prevalence of diabetes and hypercholesterolemia in patients without visible arterial occlusion. Although further analyses would be of interest, this finding could indicate a slightly different profile between patients with and of those without visible arterial occlusion. For instance, almost 10% of stroke patients without occlusion had a lacunar underlying mechanism versus none in the occlusion group, logically. Conversely, cardioembolic cause, mainly due to atrial fibrillation, was over-represented in patients with visible arterial occlusion (53% versus 25%), especially in those with proximal of the occlusion anterior circulation (61%), which is a classic hallmark of patients who receive mechanical thrombectomy,2,3 and which may reflect larger thrombi originating from the heart. In our study, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia was greater in overall patients with small vessel disease mechanism than in those with cardioembolic stroke (27% and 44% versus 19% and 39%, respectively, data not shown). Hence, we suspect that discrepancies in the prevalence of these risk factors according to the presence of a visible arterial occlusion may only mirror differences in the etiological mechanism of ischemic stroke.
|
2022-12-12T09:27:42.469Z
|
195,796,363 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0906",
"MAG": "2954375614",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "http://www.scielo.br/pdf/reben/v72n3/0034-7167-reben-72-03-0818.pdf"
}
|
OBJECTIVE
To identify, in the scientific literature, real and illusory perceptions of adult patients in induced coma.
METHODS
This is an integrative review of 15 primary studies from the Medline, Web of Science, LILACS, CINAHL and SCOPUS databases.
RESULTS
The main memories reported after induced coma were thirst, cold, and pain. In some studies, patients reported they were unable to tell whether they were awake or dreaming, whether it was real or unreal. Satisfactory memories were reported by patients related to the care received and the use of bedside journals.
CONCLUSION
Evidence showed a number of studies aiming to identify delirium, but without a focus on analyzing real or illusory perceptions of patients after induced coma. Thus, this integrative review identified scientific evidence of memories related to perceptions of sedated patients in the intensive care unit.
|
2022-12-17T11:31:54.934Z
|
103,671,639 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2166/WST.1994.0360",
"MAG": "2804571642",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The spatial distributions of properties of biofilms have been investigated by using three different kinds of biofilms as test materials. Biofilms, cultured by laboratory-scale rotating drum biofilm reactors with synthetic wastewater, were first cut into 10 to 20 µm thick slices using a microtome, and then apportioned into samples representing 3 or 4 layers. The biofilm properties of each layer were investigated by measuring the densities, phospholipid concentrations, and AR18 dye adsorption abilities. The bacterial population distributions and the metabolically active bacterial distributions were studied by plate count methods or a MPN method, and the tetrazolium dye (INT) reduction method, respectively. Based on statistic evaluations, the micro-slicing technique, the procedure for analyzing phospholipid concentrations of biofilms, and the AR18 dye adsorption tests were suitable to be used in biofilm studies. It was found that the densities of biofilms in the bottom layers were 4 to 7 times higher than those in the top layers. For thick biofilms (thickness > 500 µm), the INT active bacteria decreased from 82-89% in the top layers to 5-11% in the bottom layers. The porosities of thick biofilms changed from 83-92% in the top layers to 56-64% in the bottom layers. For thin biofilms (thickness
|
2022-12-21T03:36:51.068Z
|
12,685,838 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1145/2247596.2247620",
"MAG": "2097054885",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The volume of time series data grows rapidly in various applications such as network traffic management, telecommunications, finance and sensor network. To reduce the cost of storage, transmission and processing of time series data, the need for more compact representations of time series data is compelling. Segmentation is one of the most commonly used methods to meet this requirement. Both PLA and PPA are common segmentation methods which divide a time series into segments and use a linear function or a polynomial function to approximate each segment, respectively. However, while most of the current PLA and PPA methods aim to minimize the holistic error between the approximation and the original time series, few works try to represent time series as compact as possible with an error bound guarantee on each data point. Furthermore, in many real world situations, the patterns of the time series do not follow a constant rule such that using only one type of functions may not yield the best compaction.
Motivated by these observations, we propose an online segmentation algorithm which approximates time series by a set of different types of candidate functions (polynomials of different orders, exponential functions, etc.) and adaptively chooses the most compact one as the pattern of the time series changes. A challenge in this approach is to determine the approximation function on the fly ("online"). Thereby, we further propose a novel method to efficiently generate the compact approximation of a time series in an online fashion for several types of candidate functions. This method incrementally narrows the feasible coefficient spaces of candidate functions in coefficient coordinate systems such that it can make each segment as long as possible given an error bound on each data point. Extensive experimental results show that our algorithm generates more compact approximations of the time series with lower average errors than the state-of-the-art algorithm.
|
2022-12-28T20:31:54.328Z
|
101,775,782 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2166/AQUA.2015.045",
"MAG": "2265454773",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Ultrasound (US)-based disinfection involves the disruption of cell membranes, oxidation of active free radicals, as well as hotspot heating, either individually or in combination. Various factors can affect US efficiency for inactivating microbes. However, only a few studies have discussed the use of US for microbial inactivation via response surface methodology. Here, we evaluated the potential of US for the disinfection of water supply or the elimination of drinking water residues. Moreover, the effects of US inactivation parameters, such as energy density, sonication time, and US device duty cycle on reduction in total bacterial (TB) count and total coliform (TC) count were investigated and optimized. The results indicated that the optimal inactivation condition was achieved at an energy density of 8.30 W/mL, a sonication time of 950 s, and a duty cycle of 0.7:0.3. Under optimal conditions, the experimental values of TB and TC inactivation efficiency were 47.26% ± 4.35% and 39.23% ± 2.27%, respectively, while the predicted values were 46.57% and 38.65%, respectively. The models developed here helped to predict the effectiveness of inactivation efficiency to a ‘sufficiently applicable’ extent. Under the optimized conditions, US has high potential as an effective disinfection method, as shown by energy efficiency analysis.
|
2022-01-27T20:38:29.282Z
|
157,919,905 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/jiec.12494",
"MAG": "2528215028",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jiec.12513"
}
|
Urban settlements are home to the greatest levels of greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption globally, with unprecedented rates of urban expansion occurring today. With the majority of global urbanization occurring along the periphery of urban areas in developing countries, investigation of “green” building practices designed specifically for “peri‐urban” regions is critical for a low‐emitting future society. This study assesses a state‐of‐the‐art residence designed for a middle‐class family of four residing in the peri‐urban region of Bangkok, Thailand. The residence employs both demand‐side management strategies and low‐emitting energy supply technology to achieve energy‐positive status. To elucidate the influence that key design decisions have on the life cycle sustainability of the home, several variants of the residence are modeled. A process‐based life cycle assessment consistent with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14044:2006 standard and following ReCiPe Midpoint life cycle impact assessment methodology is used to quantify the life cycle impacts per square meter of conditioned residence floor area for climate change (582 kilograms [kg] carbon dioxide equivalent), terrestrial acidification (4.01 kg sulfur dioxide equivalent), freshwater eutrophication (30.4 grams phosphorous equivalent), fossil depletion (362 kg iron equivalent), and metal depletion (186 kg oil equivalent) impacts. We model multiple scenarios in which varying proportions of Bangkok's peri‐urban detached housing demand are fulfilled by the energy‐positive residence variants. Under the best‐case replacement scenario (i.e., 100% replacement of future peri‐urban detached housing), significant reductions are achieved across the life cycle climate change (80%), terrestrial acidification (82%), and fossil depletion (81%) impact categories for the steel‐framed, energy‐positive residence.
|
2022-08-20T13:04:35.089Z
|
95,763,062 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1021/JO00290A005",
"MAG": "2035220509",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The first asymmetric total synthesis of the unnatural enantiomer of (-)-A9(12)-capnellene has been achieved in 14.1 % overall yield. The synthesis is based on the chiral nonracemic bicyclic lactam 15 derived from inexpensive (S)-valinol and levulinic acid. The goal of the synthesis, which was accomplished, was to reach the intermediate 13, originally reported in racemic form, and carry out the last step to the title compound.
|
2022-09-15T06:19:38.427Z
|
244,922,750 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2217/fon-2021-0641",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Background: We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) and survival outcomes and treatment response in lung cancer. Methods & methods: Eligible studies were obtained by searching PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science. Pooled effect estimates were calculated for overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR). Results: Twelve eligible studies with 1188 lung cancer patients were included. High sPD-L1 was significantly associated with worse OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.20; 95% CI: 1.59-3.05; p < 0.001) and PFS (HR = 2.42; 95% CI: 1.72-3.42; p < 0.001) in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Meanwhile, high sPD-L1 predicted worse OS (HR = 1.60; 95% CI: 1.31-1.96; p < 0.001) and lower ORR (odds ratio = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.35-0.80; p = 0.002) in patients treated with non-ICI therapies. Conclusion: sPD-L1 is a potential predictive biomarker of lung cancer.
|
2022-12-13T16:53:54.339Z
|
208,164,972 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3390/ijerph16224482",
"MAG": "2989529650",
"PubMedCentral": "6888675"
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/22/4482/pdf?version=1573718393"
}
|
Particulate matter with a diameter of less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) has damaged public health globally for a decade. Accurate forecasts of PM2.5 concentration can provide early warnings to prevent the public from hazard exposure. However, existing methods have not considered the available spatiotemporal data sufficiently due to their architecture or inadequate input, and most neglected wind impact on spatiotemporal correlation when selecting related sites. To fill this gap, we proposed a long short-term memory-convolutional neural network based on dynamic wind field distance (LSTM-CNN-DWFD) to predict PM2.5 concentration of a specific site for the next 24 h. A KNN method based on dynamic wind field distance was developed and applied to select highly related sites considering wind impact. A local stateful LSTM model was employed to capture temporal correlations in historical air quality and meteorological data for each related site. Then, these temporal features were integrated as a spatiotemporal matrix, and input into CNN for extracting spatiotemporal correlation features. Weather forecasts were also integrated into the model to promote accuracy. Hourly PM2.5 data from 36 monitoring sites in Beijing, China collected from 1 May 2014 to 30 April 2015 were used as experimental dataset. Six-fold rolling origin method was employed to conduct experiments on each site, and the results of 216 experiments validated the performance of the proposed LSTM-CNN-DWFD model. The mean R2 values of the next 1–6 h prediction were 0.85, 0.81, 0.76, 0.70, 0.64, and 0.59, respectively, showing a decrease trend, indicating that the prediction accuracy decreases as the prediction time increases. Comparisons of LSTM-CNN-DWFD results to results from six other methods show that it delivered higher accuracy PM2.5 predictions, with the mean RMSE (MAE) of 1–6, 7–12, and 13–24 h prediction were 43.90 (29.17), 57.89 (42.16), and 63.14 (47.64), respectively. The results also demonstrate that the sites selected based on dynamic wind field distance are more related to the central site than that based on geographical distance, also contributing to prediction accuracy.
|
2022-12-18T09:10:59.662Z
|
168,143,604 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.5465/AME.1992.4274302",
"MAG": "1966045388",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Executive Overview Historically, many firms have made sourcing decisions—commonly known as make-or-buy decisions—based disproportionately on unit cost, with insufficient regard for strategic or technological issues. This cost-focused approach has led to competitive tragedy for many firms, indeed, entire industries. Managers need better tools for evaluating sourcing decisions—tools that can accommodate the long-term, strategic issues. This article presents such a tool, the strategic sourcing model, which augments the traditional cost analysis by considering strategic and technological factors. Using this framework, in conjunction with a cost analysis, can help companies make the sourcing decisions that will move them into the leagues of world-class manufacturing and position them for sustained competitive success in the future.
|
2022-12-19T15:33:13.399Z
|
143,161,988 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1002/EJSP.2009",
"MAG": "1895990991",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Many people are reluctant to behave in environmentally friendly ways. One possible explanation might be that the motivation to behave in environmentally friendly ways is undermined by the way scientific progress is overstated in the popular media. Four experiments show that portraying science as rapidly progressing—and thus enabling society to control problems related to the natural environment and human health in the not-too-distant future—is detrimental to environmentally friendly behaviour because such a frame affirms perceptions of an orderly (vs chaotic) world. This in turn negatively affects the likelihood of engaging in environmentally friendly behaviour. Simultaneously, communication that questions (vs affirms) scientific progress leads to lower perceptions of order and consequential increases in environmentally friendly behaviour. These findings show that when the aim is to promote environmentally friendly attitudes and behaviour, it helps to not overstate scientific progress. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
|
2022-12-26T22:05:04.256Z
|
225,243,758 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.21580/wa.v6i2.6509",
"MAG": "3092058431",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBYSA",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.21580/wa.v6i2.6509"
}
|
President No instructions. 2 / 2009 About Improving Use of Domestic Products (P3DN) was born on February 9, 2009. This dilatarr back on the number of imported products flooding into the local market that triggered a global crisis. In addition, people’s purchasing power is still relatively low stock contributed to beauty product market is relatively cheap imports. In the instructions the President No. 2 I 2009 on Better Use of Domestic Products (P3DN) and the Islamic concept of this requires government agencies to consume local products. This calls for the author’s attention to research on instruction Presidential No. 2 I 2009 on Better Use of Domestic Products (P3DN), the extent to which if the instructions are analyzed by the President of Islamic law in the case of an obligation for government agencies to consume local products. This study was designed to use different types of literature research (library research) is by way of an inventory and classify the application of literature instruction Presidential No. 2 / 2009 on Better Use of Domestic Products (P3DN) and scripture al-Quran and Islamic principles that are relevant to this discussion. Liabilities use of local products is part of the instructions the President No. 2 I 2009 on Better Use of Domestic Products (P3DN). In analyzing the data, the author qualitative research methods. Namely President No. analyze instructions. 2 / 2009 on Better Use of Domestic Products (P3DN) with consumption in the Islamic theory in order to obtain the expected results. With this qualitative research methods to produce the conclusion that the provisions of Presidential Decree No. instructions. 2 / 2009 on Better Use of Domestic Products (P3DN) according to Islam is a deprivation of voting rights for citizen consumption activities, which contrary to the principles of Islam mu’amalah namely ‘an-Taradhin (compliance).
|
2022-02-08T00:14:50.911Z
|
224,646,019 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.6711/REAL.201312_(23).0005",
"MAG": "2269044420",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
This paper examines Wordsworthian imagination by delving into the cultural/medical significance the word ”vapour” carries. In ”The Prelude”, the word ”vapour” is applied six times throughout the text: it is used as a part of natural phenomena leading to the sublime scenery, and also the air that clouds a man's brain and temporarily unveils a different vision. This paper traces the historical usages of the word ”vapour” back to the humoral theory in the ancient Greece, its application in the Renaissance literature, including John Milton's ”Paradise Lost”, and the development of contemporary neurology and aesthetics, arguing that ”vapour” in the early eighteenth century is one point where the medical and cultural discourses converge. In the literature of the sublime, ”vapour” implied the revelation of the sublime; in the medical discourse, ”vapour” denotes hypochondria, a disease, under the ”culture of sensibility,” which provided one way to showcase the ability to sense and to imagine. When the relation between the two ”vapours” thus clarified, we see an important physiological aspect of the Wordsworthian imagination.
|
2022-02-08T00:21:42.293Z
|
95,379,039 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1080/00268948508074745",
"MAG": "2020626541",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Abstract Structural effects on the relative viscosity of liquid crystal ester components are studied by capillary flow viscosity measurements of each component as an additive (10 to 25%) in a standard nematic mixture of short length 4-aIkoxyphenyl 4-alkylbenzoates. An approximate class viscosity at 25°C is calculated and assigned to each additive component, indicative of its viscosity contribution in the environment of the phenyl benzoate mixture. Studies are made on the viscosity effects of replacing benzene rings with cyclohexane rings, and of using various ortho-substituents on phenyl groups. All of the additive components are esters or thioesters, including several newly synthesized compounds. The effect of a cyclohexyl group is strongly dependent on its position in the structure. The class viscosity values show a large decrease when cyclohexane-carboxylate replaces benzoate, only a modest decrease when cyclohexylbenzoate replaces biphenylcarboxylate, and a slight increase when a cyclohexyl ester repl...
|
2022-09-10T23:59:20.711Z
|
17,139,745 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1136/bjo.71.5.387",
"MAG": "1998012572",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://bjo.bmj.com/content/71/5/387.full.pdf"
}
|
Eleven separate three-month courses of cyclosporin A, an oral solution 10 mg/kg/day, were administered to eight patients with Behçet's disease with sight-threatening posterior uveitis. It was found to be effective in arresting the inflammatory activity in the eye as well as the mucocutaneous lesions of Behçet's disease. Improvement in visual acuity was observed within one week of starting therapy. Severe exacerbations in the ocular and mucocutaneous lesions occurred on withdrawal of the drug. At this dosage side effects included hirsutism in all women, and a slight rise of serum bilirubins in two patients and of blood urea in one patient. The latter two conditions responded rapidly to dose adjustment.
|
2022-09-14T19:33:41.211Z
|
55,955,176 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1017/S0033822200057520",
"MAG": "2159560866",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Preservation of seawater samples was tested for total inorganic carbon (∑CO2), stable carbon isotope (δ13C), and radiocarbon (14C) applications using foil bags and storage by refrigeration and freezing. The aim was to preserve representative samples with minimal storage effects but without using toxic methods such as mercuric chloride poisoning. Hydrolysis of samples to CO2 was based on existing methods. Results of IAEA-C2 standard used with deionized water stored in the foil bags showed complete reaction yields, 14C results within 2σ of the consensus value, and δ13C that were internally consistent, indicating that there were no procedural effects associated with the foil bags. 14C results were statistically indistinguishable across the storage times, for frozen and refrigerated seawater samples from a coastal site, Elie Ness, Fife, UK. The scatter of ∑CO2 concentrations and δ13C was within scatter observed in other studies for lake- and seawater samples preserved by acidification or using mercuric chloride. However, both ∑CO2 and δ13C were less variable for frozen samples compared with refrigerated samples. The foil bags are lighter, safer to transport, and similar in cost to glass bottles and allow sample collection in the field and transfer to the hydrolysis vessel without exposure of the sample to atmosphere. Storage of seawater samples in the foil bags was considered a reliable, alternative method to poisoning for ∑CO2, δ13C, and 14C, and freezing the samples is recommended for storage time beyond a week.
|
2022-09-23T00:50:53.825Z
|
73,529,034 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.4314/JSDA.V16I1.23867",
"MAG": "2053506633",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
A complex give-and-take relationship characterizes the way female heads of household in Masvingo balanced their relationships in town and countryside. My respondents employed a double-rooted strategy that entailed the use of urban kin to gain a foothold in town and at the same time the use of rural kin to help maintain the family, children and the elderly in the village. The women's strategy was also characterized by less instrumental considerations such as supporting rural kin and maintaining ties of affect and culture. However, because survival in town is difficult, the women expected to return to the village when their working lives were over and they therefore made strategic moves that ensured easy entry into the village when the time finally arrived. In view of the choices made by the women heads of households in this study, it is imperative for policy makers to arrive at policies that take into account double-rooted strategies.
Journal of Social Development in Africa Vol 16 No 1 2001, pp. 81-96
|
2022-12-05T22:06:00.091Z
|
5,190,544 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/jth.12256",
"MAG": "2063755100",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/jth.12256"
}
|
Computational models can offer an integrated view of blood clotting dynamics and may ultimately be instructive regarding an individual's risk of bleeding or clotting. Appropriately, developed and validated models could allow clinicians to simulate the outcomes of therapeutics and estimate risk of disease. Computational models that describe the dynamics of thrombin generation have been developed and have been used in combination with empirical studies to understand thrombin dynamics on a mechanistic basis. The translation of an individual's specific coagulation factor composition data using these models into an integrated assessment of hemostatic status may provide a route for advancing the long‐term goal of individualized medicine. This review details the integrated approaches to understanding: (i) What is normal thrombin generation in individuals? (ii) What is the effect of normal range plasma composition variation on thrombin generation in pathologic states? (iii) Can disease progression or anticoagulation be followed by understanding the boundaries of normal thrombin generation defined by plasma composition? (iv) What are the controversies and limitations of current computational approaches? Progress in these areas can bring us closer to developing models that can be used to aid in identifying hemostatic risk.
|
2022-12-10T05:47:42.103Z
|
228,081,763 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3390/ijms21239250",
"MAG": "3108071830",
"PubMedCentral": "7729858"
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/23/9250/pdf?version=1607061361"
}
|
Antibiotic-loaded bone graft substitutes are attractive clinical options and have been used for years either for prophylaxis or therapy for periprosthetic and fracture-related infections. Calcium sulfate and hydroxyapatite can be combined in an injectable and moldable bone graft substitute that provides dead space management with local release of high concentrations of antibiotics in a one-stage approach. With the aim to test preventive strategies against bone infections, a commercial hydroxyapatite/calcium sulfate bone graft substitute containing either gentamicin or vancomycin was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, harboring different resistance determinants. The prevention of bacterial colonization and biofilm development by selected microorganisms was investigated along with the capability of the eluted antibiotics to select for antibiotic resistance. The addition of antibiotics drastically affected the ability of the selected strains to adhere to the tested compound. Furthermore, both the antibiotics eluted by the bone graft substitutes were able to negatively impair the biofilm maturation of all the staphylococcal strains. As expected, P. aeruginosa was significantly affected only by the gentamicin containing bone graft substitutes. Finally, the prolonged exposure to antibiotic-containing sulfate/hydroxyapatite discs did not lead to any stable or transient adaptations in either of the tested bacterial strains. No signs of the development of antibiotic resistance were found, which confirms the safety of this strategy for the prevention of infection in orthopedic surgery.
|
2022-12-10T09:16:20.695Z
|
29,386,244 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1074/jbc.M805413200",
"MAG": "2057174607",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Cytochrome c maturation (Ccm) is a post-translational and post-export protein modification process that involves ten (CcmABCDEFGHI and CcdA or DsbD) components in most Gram-negative bacteria. The absence of any of these components abolishes the ability of cells to form cytochrome c, leading in the case of Rhodobacter capsulatus to the loss of photosynthetic proficiency and respiratory cytochrome oxidase activity. Based on earlier molecular genetic studies, we inferred that R. capsulatus CcmF, CcmH, and CcmI interact with each other to perform heme-apocytochrome c ligation. Here, using functional epitope-tagged derivatives of these components coproduced in appropriate mutant strains, we determined protein-protein interactions between them in detergent-dispersed membranes. Reciprocal affinity purification as well as tandem size exclusion and affinity chromatography analyses provided the first biochemical evidence that CcmF, CcmH, and CcmI associate stably with each other, indicating that these Ccm components form a membrane-integral complex. Under the conditions used, the CcmFHI complex does not contain CcmG, suggesting that the latter thio-reduction component is not always associated with the heme ligation components. The findings are discussed with respect to defining the obligatory components of a minimalistic heme-apocytochrome c ligation complex in R. capsulatus.
|
2022-12-19T07:22:56.584Z
|
235,050,076 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.31261/PR.7773",
"MAG": "3153020049",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Artykuł skupia się na obrazach codzienności w twórczości Jewgienija Griszkowca. Ten temat nie był dotąd w sposób wyczerpujący poruszony. W tekście pojawiają się nawiązania do utworów prozatorskich oraz monodramów pisarza, w tym powieści Rzeki, Asfalt i monodramów Jednocześnie i Jak zjadłem psa.
|
2022-01-27T04:33:59.272Z
|
81,576,047 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20183520",
"MAG": "2888216722",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://www.ijpediatrics.com/index.php/ijcp/article/download/1779/1338"
}
|
Background: Preterm neonates are at increased risk for brain injury. More than 10% will sustain neurological injuries leading to significant learning disabilities, motor developmental delay, cerebral palsy, seizures and mental retardation. Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is the most common form of white matter injury of prematurity. The objective of the present study was to identify the incidence of early periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) and its associated risk factors in the study group.Methods: All preterm neonates with either Gestational age <32weeks and/or Birth weight <1500 grams who were admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit within the period of 1st November 2013 to 30th April 2015 were taken for study. A total of 112 babies met the inclusion criteria but 104 were finally taken into the study. Screening of intraventricular haemorrhage and early PVL changes in VLBW babies was done by neurosonogram on day 3 and day 14 of life by a single well qualified radiologist. Follow up cranial ultrasound was done weekly for the babies who were diagnosed to have IVH and/or PVL by day 14 of life.Results: The incidence of early periventricular leukomalacia in very low birth weight babies in present study was 7.7%. It was seen that 87.5% babies had periventricular flares and 12.5% babies had cystic changes. It was seen that birth weight<1000grams (OR 0.006; CI:0.00-0.50; p value 0.023) and neonatal sepsis (OR 80.9; CI:1.65-3947.6;p value 0.027) significantly increased the risk of developing PVL in VLBW babies. The duration of hospital stay was found to be significantly increased in babies having PVL.Conclusions: The incidence of early periventricular leukomalacia in babies born <32weeks gestation and/or birth weight<1500grams is 7.7%. Birth weight <1000 grams and neonatal sepsis were found to increase the risk of periventricular leukomalacia in these babies.
|
2022-02-11T02:36:41.823Z
|
56,029,164 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.4236/AS.2013.412089",
"MAG": "2021199351",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Salinity is considered as a major abiotic stress affecting germination, seedling growth and crop production in arid and semi-arid regions. Many techniques are used to improve tolerance to salinity. Priming is believed to be an effective solution that increases germination, plant growth and improve yield of several vegetables and crops under saline soil condition. The objective of this study was to see the effect of seed priming with 5 g/L NaCl on maize seedling growth exposed to five salinity levels under field conditions. Maize seeds were soaked in 5 g/L NaCl solution for 12 h at room temperature. Primed and unprimed seeds were sown in pots and were irrigated with saline solutions of five concentrations (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 g/l NaCl). Each pot was irrigated with 200 ml saline solution of the desired treatment in two days interval. Priming seeds with NaCl significantly (P Zea mays. Further, this study needs to be continued if performance of mature maize plants could also be improved and yield could be increased by sowing primed seeds in saline soils.
|
2022-09-14T04:48:00.548Z
|
198,911,866 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3390/toxins11080433",
"MAG": "2963325355",
"PubMedCentral": "6723440"
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/8/433/pdf"
}
|
Routine mycotoxin biomonitoring methods do not include many mycotoxin phase I and phase II metabolites, which may significantly underestimate mycotoxin exposure especially for heavily metabolized mycotoxins. Additional research efforts are also needed to measure metabolites in vivo after exposure and to establish which mycotoxin metabolites should be prioritized for the inclusion during large-scale biomonitoring efforts. The objective of this study was to perform human in vitro microsomal incubations of 17 mycotoxins and systematically characterize all resulting metabolites using liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). The results obtained were then used to build a comprehensive LC-MS library and expand a validated 17-mycotoxin method for exposure monitoring to screening of additional 188 metabolites, including 100 metabolites reported for the first time. The final method represents one of the most comprehensive LC-HRMS methods for mycotoxin biomonitoring or metabolism/fate studies.
|
2022-09-16T03:33:23.896Z
|
8,654,859 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1097/INF.0b013e318191f035",
"MAG": "1992807032",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Background: A prediction model based on clinical and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis has been proposed for the differentiation of Lyme meningitis (LM) from non-Lyme aseptic meningitis (NLAM) in the United States. No similar model has ever been proposed for European patients. The objective of our study was to develop a prediction model to differentiate LM from NLAM based on clinical and CSF biologic data. Methods: The medical charts of all children older than 2 years of age admitted to our hospital from 1996 through 2006 with a definite diagnosis of LM were analyzed and compared retrospectively with those having a diagnosis of NLAM. Chart review included the duration of symptoms, the presence of cranial neuropathy, and CSF analysis. Results: A total of 93 patients were included (LM: 26 patients; NLAM: 67 patients) in the study. Patients with LM had statistically more frequent cranial neuropathy (73% vs. 4%), displayed a longer duration of symptoms before admission (8.8 vs. 1.8 days), had a higher CSF protein (71 vs. 38 mg/d), and had a lower percentage of neutrophil cells in the CSF (3.4% vs. 51%) than patients with NLAM. A predicted probability was derived from these 4 variables. At a cutoff point of >0.432, the model had a negative predictive value of 100% and a positive predictive value of 92.3%, with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 97%. Conclusions: We report the first European prediction model for LM. Owing to its high negative predictive value, this model may assist physicians in managing aseptic meningitis (AM) while awaiting serologic tests, especially in Lyme endemic regions.
|
2022-12-14T08:28:37.608Z
|
95,500,717 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3166/ACSM.31.97-102",
"MAG": "2003035405",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Des monocristaux de la phase piezo-electrique α-GaPO 4 ont ete synthetises par la methode du refroidissement lent et de la nucleation spontanee avec K 2 Mo 3 O 1 0 utilise comme flux. Des monocristaux transparents et incolores de taille allant jusqu'a 5x2x2 mm 3 ont ete obtenus avec un refroidissement lent de 5°C/h. Des mesures infrarouge ont montre que les cristaux de α-GaPO 4 presentent une teneur negligeable en groupements OH.
|
2022-12-19T22:16:42.790Z
|
231,707,437 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.12720/sgce.8.6.662-669",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.12720/sgce.8.6.662-669"
}
|
Extraction of solar energy from photovoltaic cells has different efficiencies corresponding to different algorithms. In the paper, a power efficient algorithm is suggested for tracking of maximum power point (MPP) in solar energy conversion systems by implementing machine learning (ML) in the pre-existing perturb and observe (P&O) methodology. P&O works on the principle of varying duty cycles step by step in the direction of the MPP and is the most feasible and accurate algorithm. However, the speed of convergence to the MPP is usually less in this method and it varies in different climatic conditions. This paper describes the application of ML in decreasing the perturbation time significantly leading to the significant increase in the efficiency to predict the MPP. The suggested algorithm predicts an MPP based on instantaneous values of solar irradiation, solar cell temperature and humidity as input features to the localized multivariate regression ML model and is used to fetch maximum available power (MAP). It is a self-learning algorithm and as the time progresses, the estimation becomes much closer to the theoretically available power. The simulation was done in python and yielded an average efficiency of 99.8% in estimating the MPP after 83 hours of training.
|
2022-11-26T18:10:34.510Z
|
30,640,970 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1136/thx.24.3.276",
"MAG": "2011457361",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://thorax.bmj.com/content/thoraxjnl/24/3/276.full.pdf"
}
|
Subvalvular membranous aortic stenosis is usually accompanied by mild aortic insufficiency. This insufficiency is probably caused not by the valves but by the membrane. Resection of the membrane generally produces satisfactory results so far as the stenosis is concerned, and causes no significant aggravation of the insufficiency.
|
2022-12-30T00:47:35.119Z
|
238,206,241 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1080/01426397.2021.1935820",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBYNCND",
"status": "HYBRID",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2021.1935820"
}
|
ABSTRACT If decolonization truly begins with land, then it can be said that landscape studies—as a field concerned with the study, design, and ordering of land—has at least some stake in on going processes of decolonization. Repeated contestations for Indigenous land rights in North America suggest that settler-colonial contexts present a distinct and pressing concern for decolonization. The landscapes of colonialism are also deeply racialized, converging on extractive capitalism and environmental racism. Historically, landscape has been used as a disciplinary tool to facilitate the control of land and to naturalise colonial hegemonies, including the cultural framing of landscape through art and architecture. Current approaches to the built environment (including development, conservation, and management) also routinely perpetuate colonizing logics. For landscape studies, the prospect of decolonization (and of a decolonizing landscape praxis) demands the critical reconciliation of underlying coloniality within the field and a complete reorientation towards anti-colonial subjectivities.
|
2022-12-30T01:23:26.728Z
|
99,610,493 |
{
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"DOI": "10.3724/SP.J.1105.2009.00929",
"MAG": "2095534707",
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"license": null,
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A series of waterborne polyurethane(WBPU) adhesives for shoes were synthesized by a prepolymer process using dimethylol propionic acid(DMPA) and sucrose as a hydrophilic agent and a cross-linking agent,respectively.Their structures and thermal behaviors were studied by means of FTIR and DSC.Their water swelling,curing time,mechanical properties,e.g.tensile strength,elongation at break and T-peel strength were measured for all samples with different sucrose contents(0～6.82 wt%).The results showed that the sucrose dispersed well as an incorporated state in the polyurethane phase.The curing time of WBPU samples were decreased with increasing sucrose content at the same treating temperature.The water swelling decreased with increasing sucrose content having an optimum sucrose content at 4.13 wt%,and then it increased slightly with further increase of sucrose content.The tensile strength increased from 8.1 MPa to 22.8 MPa,while the elongation at break decreased from 933.5% to 618.7%.The initial peel strength and final peel strength were significantly increased up to an optimum content of sucrose and then decreased slightly with excess sucrose.In addition,it is noted that polyurethane prepolymers more easily remained at an aggregated state during the process of synthesis,and the adhesive strength of the result products decreased when the sucrose content was more than 5.52 wt%.
|
2022-04-29T15:05:14.267Z
|
85,040,678 |
{
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"DOI": "10.7557/2.10.4.917",
"MAG": "2080946601",
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},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://septentrio.uit.no/index.php/rangifer/article/download/917/878"
}
|
About two thirds of Finnish reindeer live year around in the forest area. In June 1988 the number of reindeer in Finland was about 364.000. The reindeer densities have increased sharply in the whole Finnish reindeer husbandry area (the whole land area is about 115.000 km 2) during the last ten years. At the same time the multipleuse of land has become more efficient. Thus, information about the amount and condition of reindeer pastures at the cooperative level is an essential prerequisite of sustained profitable reindeer herding in the long term. The aim of the present study is to develope new and easily respected methods to evaluate reindeer pastures and to compare the traditional inventory methods of pastures with the use of satellite imageries and colour infrared photographs. The final results of the study may be applied to the whole reindeer herding area in different vegetation zones. The participants of the study (founded in 1987) are Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute, Reindeer Research, Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing of the Helsinki University of Technology and Department of Remote Sensing of the Technical Research Centre of Finland. The study area was located mainly in Muotkatunturi co-operative and also in Muddusjarvi co-operative. It belongs both to the Forest and the Fell Lapland vegetation zones. The pine forest limit runs through the area. There is the mixed pine and birch forest zone between the coniferous and subalpine deciduous forest areas. The study area was selected in order to gain material on the major reindeer pasture types. Muotkatunturi co-operative is relatively wide area (2.382 km 2) for conducting both field work and data processing. One specific test site, window, was rectified from Landsat-5 T M image (193/D 860715) for the study. Different kinds of reindeer winter pastures, forest site types and forest stands are presented in the sample window (625 km 2) . Visual print of the satellite image (1:35.000) was made for the field work. The training areas (n = 75) were selected by using aerial photographs, satellite image and topographical maps 1:50.000. The prerequisites for the training areas were that they must represent the whole spectral variation of the image and all the variables effecting the spectra and the intensities must be concerned. Tree stand and undervegetation was inventoried by 20 quadrats on every training area. Quadrats (0.5 m 2 each) were located systematically along transects 20 meters apart from each others. The training areas were located precisely on topographic maps and satellite image and then on the digital data base of the Landsat frame. The spectral signature for each winter pasture types wil l be obtained by averaging reflectance values of pixels from training areas (under work). Field checking of the pasture types wil l allow further refinement and improvement of the classification. During the summer 1987 and 1988 altogether 75 training areas were inventoried in the sample window. The final interpretation of the satellite imagery wil l be completed in October 1989. The main lichen-heaths were mostly in barren sites (n = 19, mean coverage of reindeer lichen 7.9 %) and in dry sites (n = 22, mean 4.9 %) mainly in Scots pine forests. The most common reindeer lichens were Cladina stellaris (mean 15.1 %) and CI. mitis (mean 8.7 %) in barren sites. The bottom layer in dry sites was dominated by CI. rangiferina (mean 5.9 %). In different forest site types there were significant positive correlation between the mean coverage of l ichens and the mean height of the living part of lichens. Interpretation of the colour infrared photographs showed as the results of ground data that the lichen-heaths located mainly in Scots pine forests and in mixed pine and birch forests. With the aid of ground data the coverage of lichens were classified as follow: the mean coverage of lichen being above 6 %, 2 6 % and below 2 %. Different lichen species cannot be specified with interpretation of color infrared photographs.
|
2022-07-27T22:16:55.311Z
|
232,141,404 |
{
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"DOI": "10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00063",
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},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://ruc.udc.es/dspace/bitstream/2183/28799/3/Pazos_Elena_2021_Reversible_control_DNA_binding_cucurbit%5b8%5duril-induced.pdf"
}
|
Many cellular processes in living organisms are regulated by complex regulatory networks, built from noncovalent interactions between relatively few proteins that perform their functions by switching between homo- and heterooligomeric assemblies or mono- and bivalent states. Herein, we demonstrate that the conjugation of a 4,4'-bipyridinium scaffold to the basic region of the GCN4 bZip transcription factor can be exploited to control the dimerization of the conjugate by formation of a supramolecular complex with cucurbit[8]uril. Importantly, this supramolecular complex is able to specifically recognize its target dsDNA, and this binding can be reversibly switched by the application of external stimuli.
|
2022-08-20T13:22:13.101Z
|
18,098,547 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1093/NAR/2.10.1889",
"MAG": "2165259013",
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"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
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|
RNA polymerase activity was assayed in different particle classes of Penicillium stoloniferum virus S. RNA polymerase activity was found to be associated with H particles, which contain double-stranded RNA and single-stranded RNA, but not with L particles, which contain only double-stranded RNA and not with M particles, which contain only single-stranded RNA. In H particles the reaction occurred with the formation of one new molecule of double-stranded RNA (or two complementary single strands of RNA) per virus particle and the production of product particles (P particles), which contained two molecules of double-stranded RNA (or its equivalent). This RNA polymerase is therefore a replicase, which catalyses the synthesis of the two complementary strands of double-stranded RNA in a single virus particle. This is the first report of this type of RNA polymerase system.
|
2022-09-10T21:21:48.247Z
|
218,975,479 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.4103/ijo.ijo_2233_19",
"MAG": "3029949367",
"PubMedCentral": "7508156"
},
"license": "CCBYNCSA",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.ijo_2233_19"
}
|
Choroidal lymphoma or something else? Case A 54-year-old asymptomatic Caucasian woman with a history of psoriasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) under treatment with topical and oral corticosteroids was referred for suspicion of choroidal lymphoma in both eyes (OU). The referring physician recommended treatment with rituximab, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody. On examination, best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in the right eye (OD) and 20/25 in the left eye (OS). The intraocular pressure, extraocular movements, and slit-lamp examination were normal OU. There was no conjunctival lymphoid infiltration OU. On funduscopic examination, there was a uniform mottled appearance of the choroid OU.
|
2022-01-27T01:39:04.676Z
|
226,201,768 |
{
"externalids": {
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"DOI": "10.35634/2412-9534-2020-30-2-264-269",
"MAG": "3023117537",
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},
"license": null,
"status": "CLOSED",
"url": null
}
|
Статья посвящена особенностям просодической организации рекламного текста. На основе аудитивного анализа выявляются наиболее активно используемые типы пауз и их роль в формировании и восприятии суггестивно маркированного типа дискурса. Акцентируется внимание на деформации значения высказывания в результате некорректного использования паузы. Автор, изучая функциональные возможности паузы, рассматривает ее как средство эмоционального и волевого воздействий на адресата. Исследование проведено на материале авторского корпуса примеров, собранного методом сплошной выборки из англо- и русскоязычных массмедиа - радио и ТВ каналов. В заключении подчеркивается, что пауза как комплексное явление в устной речи характеризуется непреднамеренной или намеренной остановкой процесса речепорождения, выполняет коммуникативную, прагматическую и экспрессивную функции.
|
2022-07-31T10:29:37.455Z
|
171,691,589 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.14210/RDP.V13N3.P1428-1457",
"MAG": "2904624350",
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"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
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|
O avanço depredatório do homem sobre o meio ambiente e as consequências nocivas que isso tem causado tem levantado a discussão a respeito de quais valores devem permanecer e quais devem ser alijados. Partindo da premissa de que os indivíduos têm o seu bem-estar intimamente ligado à plena harmonia do espaço em que vivem, o estudo se utiliza do método dedutivo para enfatizar que a sustentabilidade deve ser encarada como um valor constitucional detentor de natureza multidimensional, que justifica a atuação do Poder Judiciário no amparo de interesses que sejam compatíveis com a promoção do pleno desenvolvimento da sociedade, que vai muito além do crescimento econômico expresso em valores numéricos.
|
2022-09-16T02:18:11.996Z
|
34,995,458 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/j.1755-3768.1980.tb08325.x",
"MAG": "2071511162",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
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|
The optical measurement of corneal thickness based on oblique viewing of the optical section of the cornea is complicated by the finite width of the incident slit beam. In this report the theoretical and practical aspects of the effect of the slit width on the thickness reading are analysed. In practice, it was not possible to make slit‐width independent thickness readings which were reproducible from one observer to another. In addition, the observed slit‐width error was found to vary from one patient to another. The lack of a reproducible estimate of the corneal thickness is attributed to difficulties associated with an exact definition of the edges of the visible bands of the optical section, which are determined by biological properties of the cornea as well as perceptive properties of the observer.
|
2022-12-17T07:00:36.447Z
|
122,193,205 |
{
"externalids": {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1143/JJAP.30.L407",
"MAG": "2045439644",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
An X-ray phase plate using two-beam Bragg case diffraction is proposed. The variation of the polarization state of the transmitted (forward-diffracted) beam through the incident angle was observed. Left-handed and right-handed circular polarizations whose degree of circular polarizations were ±0.90 were experimentally produced.
|
2022-12-19T14:38:54.082Z
|
67,700,837 |
{
"externalids": {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.4467/2353737XCT.16.258.6057",
"MAG": "2617019880",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Proportional allocation method of the required bandwidth capacity for the user stations using the LTE technology
|
2022-07-08T04:56:34.185Z
|
13,421,291 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1002/ccd.22490",
"MAG": "2152087335",
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"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Therapeutic Hypothermia (TH) in the context of resuscitated post arrest coma patients has captured the public imagination as evidenced by Dr. Sanjay Gupta’s recent book, Cheating Death [1]. It has put the medical community on notice that we need to examine the science of TH to decide how to best fit it into our therapeutic armamentarium. As a practicing interventional cardiologist with a deep scientific interest in resuscitation, I became a founder of a medical device company dedicated to TH and resuscitation technology. The following are some key scientific and clinical management points devoid of commercialism.
|
2022-09-04T10:20:38.046Z
|
5,621,159 |
{
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"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1090/dimacs/035/03",
"MAG": "2577960842",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "CLOSED",
"url": null
}
|
We analyze two algorithms for solving constraint satisfaction problems. One of these algorithms, Probe Order Backtracking, has an average running time much faster than any previously analyzed algorithm for problems where solutions are common. Probe Order Backtracking uses a probing assignment a prese-lected test assignment to unset variables to help guide the search for a solution to a constraint satisfaction problem. If the problem is not satissed when the unset variables are temporarily set to the probing assignment , the algorithm selects one of the relations that the probing assignment fails to satisfy and selects an unset variable from that relation. Then at each b a c ktracking step it generates subproblems by setting the selected variable each p o s s i b l e w ay. It simpliies each subproblem, and tries the same technique on them. For random problems with v variables, t clauses, and probability p that a literal appears in a clause, the average time for Probe Order Backtracking is no more than v n when p lnt=v plus lower order terms. The best previous result was p p ln t=v. When the algorithm is combined with an algorithm of Franco that makes selective use of resolution, the average time for solving random problems is polynomial for all values of p when t On 1=3 v=ln v 2=3. The best previous result was t On 1=3 v=ln v 1=6. Probe Order Backtracking also runs in polynomial average time when p 1=v, compared with the best previous result of p 1=2v. With Probe Order Backtracking the range of p that leads to more than polynomial time is much smaller than that for previously analyzed algorithms. 1 Backtracking The constraint satisfaction problem is to determine whether a set of constraints over discrete variables can be satissed. Each constraint m ust have a form that is easy to evaluate, so any diiculty in solving such a problem comes from the interaction between the constraints and the need to nd a setting for the variables that simultaneously satisses all of the constraints. Constraint satisfaction problems are extremely common. Indeed, the proof that a problem is NP-complete implies an eecient w ay to transform the problem into a constraint satisfaction problem. Most NP-complete problems are initially stated as constraint satisfaction problems. A few special forms of constraint satisfaction problems have known algorithms that solve problem instances in polynomial worst-case time. …
|
2022-10-24T21:28:15.037Z
|
90,960,097 |
{
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"DOI": "10.4148/1941-4765.1354",
"MAG": "2592579893",
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},
"license": "CCBYSA",
"status": "HYBRID",
"url": "https://newprairiepress.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1354&context=fgr"
}
|
We have noticed that the frequency of RIP can be quite variable, even in crosses of the same strains. One possible source of variability is the time at which ascospores are harvested. We reasoned that the earliest ascospores shot from a perithecium might contain DNA that went through relatively few mitotic divisions in pre-meiosis. RIP occurs between fertilization and premeiotic DNA synthesis (Selker et al. 1987 Cell 51:741-752). Thus, early spores might have less exposure to RIP than late spores. Since all ascospores from a perithecium are thought to arise from a single fertilization event, a minimum of 710 divisions are required to account for the number of ascospores normally produced (Perkins and Barry, 1977 Adv. Genet. 211:541-544). It is likely, however, that some ascospore lineages contain fewer divisions than others. Authors Michael J. Singer, Elena A. Kuzminova, Alison Tharp, Brian S. Margolin, and Eric U. Selker This regular paper is available in Fungal Genetics Reports: https://newprairiepress.org/fgr/vol42/iss1/24 Different frequencies of RIP among early vs. late ascospores of Neurospora crassa Michael J. Singer, Elena A. Kuzminova, Alison Tharp, Brian S. Margolin and Eric U. Selker Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1229 We have noticed that the frequency of RIP can be quite variable, even in crosses of the same strains. One possible source of variability is the time at which ascospores are harvested. We reasoned that the earliest ascospores shot from a perithecium might contain DNA that went through relatively few mitotic divisions in pre-meiosis. RIP occurs between fertilization and premeiotic DNA synthesis (Selker et al. 1987 Cell 51:741-752). Thus, early spores might have less exposure to RIP than late spores. Since all ascospores from a perithecium are thought to arise from a single fertilization event, a minimum of 710 divisions are required to account for the number of ascospores normally produced (Perkins and Barry, 1977 Adv. Genet. 211:541544). It is likely, however, that some ascospore lineages contain fewer divisions than others. We investigated the possibility that the frequency of gene inactivation by RIP might differ in populations of ascospores shot early or late from a cross. Srains containing an unlinked duplication of am (NADPH-specific glutamate dehydrogenase) were crossed with single-copy strains (Table 1). We collected ascospores at different times and assayed for inactivation of am in these progeny. Crosses were carried out on Vogel's minimal medium (Vogel, 1956 Microbiol. Genet. Bull. 13:42-43) modified by reducing the ammonium nitrate concentration 10-fold and containing 0.1% sucrose and supplements (Russo et al. 1985 Neurospora Newslet. 32:10-11). The female parent was inoculated 3 days before the male and the plates were incubated at 25°C. The first ascospores were found 9-10 days after fertilization. Lids containing ascospores were replaced with clean lids daily until the 12th day after fertilization. The last lids were left on for 3 days. Ascospores were harvested from the lids with sterile water, plated, heat-shocked and incubated overnight at 33°C. Progeny were picked to agar slants, and their conidia were spotted on plate medium supplemented with glycine, inositol and lysine to score for am. We compared inactivation of am among ascospores harvested at the various times. The results of four crosses are shown in Table 2. The frequency of am inactivation was significantly lower in the early ascospores. Overall, only about 2% of the spores shot by 10 days after fertilization were Am(frequency of RIP >5%), whereas about 28% of spores shot after 12 days were Am(frequency of RIP ~ 56%). We wished to check a second duplicated sequence for variation in the frequency of RIP as a function of when the ascospores were shot. We therefore crossed, as described above, an mtr+ strain carrying a duplication resulting from insertion of mtr sequences at the am locus, unlinked to the native mtr gene (Irelan, Hagemann and Selker, 1994 Genetics, 138:1093-1103). Ascospores shot before day 13 post fertilization and between 13-15 days or 15-17 days post fertilization were collected, heat-shocked, and plated on nonselective medium (Vogel's supplemented with 0.2 mg/ml alanine, 0.05 mg/ml anthranilic acid, 2% sorbose, 0.5% fructose and 0.5% glucose). More than 100 progeny from each sample were then scored for mtr on medium with 0.05 mg/ml p-fluorophenylalanine. The results, shown in Table 3, were consistent with those obtained with the duplication of am: the early spores showed significantly less RIP than those shot later. To expand the data set further, we compared results of plating equal 1 Singer et al.: Different frequencies of RIP among early vs. late ascospores of N Published by New Prairie Press, 2017 aliquots of activated ascospores (stored in water 20 days at 4°C prior to heat shock) directly on nonselective and selective media. In this experiment, thirteen day ascospores produced 7.3% (31/420) mtr progeny (RIP frequency ~ 15%), while 15-17 day spores produced 35% (39/112) mtr progeny (RIP frequency ~ 70%). We conclude that the time at which ascospores are harvested can affect the apparent frequency of RIP. This finding could be of practical use to Neurospora researchers. Those desiring to obtain mutants by induction of RIP may be wise to avoid the first ascospores shot from a cross. Conversely, researchers should be able to enrich for RIP escapees, or possibly lightly mutated alleles, by collecting only the earliest ascospores. TABLE 1 Neurospora crassa strains Strain Ectopic gene Other markers Source N261 none A; lys-1 J. Kinsey N262 none a; lys-1 J. Kinsey N276 am+ a lab collection N277 am+ A lab collection N1100 am::mtrP-SwaI A; trp-2 lab collection N1101 none am33; trp-2 lab collection The ectopic am+ gene was from T-510 5.6 (Selker and Garrett, 1988 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 85:6870-6874) and the ectopic mtrgene was from N648 (Irelan, Hagemann and Selker, 1994 Genetics, 138:1093-1103). TABLE 2 Frequency of am inactivation by RIP in ascospores shot at various times after fertilization Am-/Total Cross Female Male 9-10 days 11 day 12-15 days 1 N261 N276 0/11 5/11 2 N262 N277 1/77 4/54 26/71 3 N277 N262 0/3 2/57 5/58 4 N277 N262 3/79 6/80 26/80 Total 4/170(2%) 12/191(6%) 62/220(28%) TABLE 3 Frequency of mtr inactivation by RIP in ascospores shot at various times after fertilization Mtr-/Total Female Male 10-13 days 13-15 day 15-17 days N1100 N1101 10/117 (9%) 76/237 (32%) 34/117 (29%) Ascospores were collected at the indicated times after fertilization and stored in water at 4°C for 37 days before plating. 2 Fungal Genetics Reports, Vol. 42 [1995], Art. 24 https://newprairiepress.org/fgr/vol42/iss1/24 DOI: 10.4148/1941-4765.1354
|
2022-12-02T10:31:30.253Z
|
121,109,080 |
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"DOI": "10.1063/1.363646",
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|
Bulk anisotropic magnets with the composition of Sm2(Fe,M)17CxNy (M=metal) have been produced by conventional powder sintering of the carbide, followed by gas‐solid reaction. The results show that this is a very promising technique for producing high‐performance bulk anisotropic magnets based on intercalated rare‐earth–iron compounds.
|
2022-02-09T20:23:20.846Z
|