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https://nineteenteen.blogspot.com/2011/03/victorias-children-part-5-princess.html
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en
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NineteenTeen: Victoria’s Children, Part 5: Princess Helena
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I tend to think of Princess Helena as the forgotten child of Victoria. Both her older and younger sisters had higher public profiles because...
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https://nineteenteen.blogspot.com/favicon.ico
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https://nineteenteen.blogspot.com/2011/03/victorias-children-part-5-princess.html
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29120
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yago
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3
| 61 |
https://www.alamy.com/marriage-of-princess-helena-and-prince-christian-5-july-1866-late-19th-century-artist-unknown-image262750380.html
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en
|
Marriage of Princess Helena and Prince Christian, 5 July 1866 (late 19th century). Artist: Unknown Stock Photo
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Download this stock image: Marriage of Princess Helena and Prince Christian, 5 July 1866 (late 19th century). Artist: Unknown - W7D8P4 from Alamy's library of millions of high resolution stock photos, illustrations and vectors.
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en
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https://www.alamy.com/marriage-of-princess-helena-and-prince-christian-5-july-1866-late-19th-century-artist-unknown-image262750380.html
|
This image could have imperfections as it’s either historical or reportage.
Marriage of Princess Helena and Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, 5 July 1866 (late 19th century). Princess Helena (1846-1923), daughter of Queen Victoria, married Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein at Windsor Castle. Illustration from The Life & Times of Queen Victoria, by Robert Wilson, Vol III.
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https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/life-queen-victoria-her-family
|
en
|
The life of Queen Victoria and her family
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Find out more about her fascinating life with Prince Albert and her nine children
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en
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/themes/custom/rmg_theme/favicon.ico
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https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/life-queen-victoria-her-family
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Queen Victoria reigned over Britain for 63 years - the longest rule after Elizabeth II. Find out more about her fascinating life with Prince Albert and her children.
Queen Victoria and her family were seen by the public as a harmonious and happy image of domestic life.
How many children did Queen Victoria have?
Queen Victoria (1819 - 1901) and Prince Albert (1819 - 1861) had a total of nine children.
Princess Royal Victoria (21 November 1840 – 5 August 1901)
Victoria and Albert's first child, Victoria was given the title Princess Royal the year after her birth. In 1858, Victoria married Prince Frederick William of Prussia. He later succeeded his father as German Emperor in 1888, but his reign was cut short by cancer of the larynx within ninety-nine days of his coronation. Following her husband's death, Victoria lived as empress dowager before her death from breast cancer in 1901 at the age of 60.
Edward VII (9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910)
Edward was born a year after his sister and lived much of his life as the Prince of Wales. On the death of Queen Victoria on 22 January 1901, Edward became king, marking the beginning of the Edwardian era. He reigned for nine years, overseeing military reforms and was known as "peacemaker" for fostering good relations with foreign powers. He died aged 68 on 6 May 1910 after several heart attacks and was succeeded his son King George V.
Princess Alice (25 April 1843 – 14 December 1878)
Princess Alice was known for her nursing - both with her father, Albert and in military hospitals during the Austro-Prussian War. During this time, she befriended Florence Nightingale and playing an active role in the region's military hospitals. Alice died from diphtheria in 1878 after it spread through the Hessian court just a year after becoming Grand Duchess of Hesse. She was the first of three of Queen Victoria's children to be outlived by their mother.
Prince Alfred (6 August 1844 – 30 July 1900)
Prince Alfred joined the Royal Navy at the young age of 14. He remained in the Navy throughout his life with his final rank of Admiral of the fleet in 1893. He was married to Maria Alexandrovna, the daughter of Emperor Alexander II of Russia.
Princess Helena (25 May 1846 – 9 June 1923)
Princess Helena, Victoria and Albert's third daughter. She was married Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein in 1866 and remained in Britain. Helena was highly engaged in charitable institutions and was a founding member of the British Red Cross.
Princess Louise (18 March 1848 – 3 December 1939)
Princess Louise was the sixth child of Victoria and Albert, and 13 when her father died. She pursued a career as a sculptor and became a strong advocate of higher education and the feminist cause.
Prince Arthur (1 May 1850 – 16 January 1942)
Prince Arthur served in the British Army for 40 years, rising to the rank of Commander-in-Chief of Ireland and Inspector-General of the Forces. He was Victoria's last surviving son remained active in the military into the Second World War.
Prince Leopold (7 April 1853 – 28 March 1884)
Victoria and Albert's youngest son, Prince Leopold, inherited the blood disorder haemophilia from his mother and was reputed to suffer from epilepsy, hindering his chances of joining the military. Instead, Leopold became a patron of arts and acted as his mother's unofficial secretary.
Princess Beatrice (14 April 1857 – 26 October 1944)
As the youngest child, Princess Beatrice spent much of her life by her mother's side. Following the Queen's death in 1901, Beatrice became the editor of her mother's journals. She died in November 1944 and was Victoria's last surviving child.
When did Queen Victoria die?
After a reign which lasted almost 64 years, Queen Victoria died at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight, on 22 January 1901. Her son, Edward VII succeeded her.
What did Queen Victoria die of?
Queen Victoria died from a cerebral haemorrhage on Tuesday 22 January 1901 after feeling weakened over the Christmas period. Historians suggest that the cause of her death is likely related to her carrying the gene for haemophilia, a blood-clotting disease passed down from her parentage. Victoria also passed this genetic disorder onto three of her nine children. Haemophilia is sometimes called "the royal disease" for this reason.
Queen Victoria died at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight. Her body was transported to Portsmouth via the Solent, on the Royal Yacht 'Alberta'. Artist William Wyllie saw the procession from the HMS Majestic.
Discover more in our collections
Where is Queen Victoria buried?
Queen Victoria is buried at Windsor in England within the Frogmore Royal Mausoleum. This tomb was built explicitly for Albert and Victoria as a final resting place, instead of the traditional mausoleums in Westminster Abbey in London or St. George's Chapel in Windsor.
Only Victoria and Albert are interred within the tomb, but the mausoleum contains other memorials, such as their second daughter Princess Alice and Victoria's father Edward, Duke of Kent.
When was Queen Victoria born?
Queen Victoria was born on 24 May in 1819 at Kensington Palace, London. She was christened as Alexandrina Victoria and was formally addressed as Her Royal Highness Princess Victoria of Kent.
Queen Victoria and Albert
On 10 February 1840, Victoria Married her first cousin, Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. The royal couple had first met a few days before Victoria's 17th birthday, four years earlier.
Victoria and Albert are known for their incredibly close relationship, inspiring dozens of books, films and series.
While Victoria is seen as the ruler of Britain, Albert played an essential role in supporting public causes, such as military and educational reform and the abolition of slavery. He is known for the resounding success of the Great Exhibition of 1851, which showed the world Britain's technological achievements. This World's Fair laid the foundations for several public museums, such as the Victoria & Albert Museum and the Natural History Museum.
In 1845, Prince Albert bought Nelson's Trafalgar coat for £150. He gifted it to the Royal Naval Asylum, where the Old Royal Naval College now stands. It has been on display in Greenwich ever since.
Albert died in December 1861 aged 42, when the Queen was the same age. Victoria never recovered from his death. She dressed in black as a sign of mourning for the rest of her life.
How long did Queen Victoria reign?
Queen Victoria reigned for exactly sixty-three years, seven months, and two days (20 June 1837 - 22 January 1901). Her rule is the second longest after Queen Elizabeth II.
Queen Victoria assassination attempts
During Victoria's reign, eight assassination attempts were made on her life. All of them were unsuccessful.
The first attempt took place in 1840 when 18-year-old Edward Oxford fired at the Queen's carriage near Buckingham Palace in London. Oxford was accused of treason for his crime but was ultimately found not guilty for reasons of insanity.
Three attempts were made in 1842, two by the same man - John Francis, an unemployed carpenter. He attempted to shoot the Queen after her Sunday morning service at Chapel Royal in St James's Palace, London. On his second effort, he was promptly arrested and sent to Van Diemen's Land (later known as Tasmania), where he became a successful carpenter, helping to build the Launceston General Hospital on the island.
One year later, Robert Pate, a former officer, used a brass-tipped cane to hit the Queen in the head. Pate's attack was the only attempt that caused Victoria actual harm, and the mark on her forehead supposedly remained for a decade. Pate was immediately arrested and also sentenced to seven years in the Tasmanian penal colony. The reasons for the attack remain unknown.
A memorable final attempt took place in 1882 when a Scottish poet named Roderick Maclean shot at Queen Victoria's train carriage with a pistol as it left the Windsor train station. This was Maclean's eighth attempt at assassinating Victoria. Maclean was tried for high treason and was pronounced "not guilty, but insane." He was confined to an asylum until his death in 1921.
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yago
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https://kids.kiddle.co/Princess_Helena_of_the_United_Kingdom
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en
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Princess Helena of the United Kingdom facts for kids
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Learn Princess Helena of the United Kingdom facts for kids
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https://kids.kiddle.co/Princess_Helena_of_the_United_Kingdom
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Princess Helena VA CI GBE RRC (Helena Augusta Victoria; 25 May 1846 – 9 June 1923), later Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, was the third daughter and fifth child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.
Helena was educated by private tutors chosen by her father and his close friend and adviser, Baron Stockmar. Her childhood was spent with her parents, travelling between a variety of royal residences in Britain. The intimate atmosphere of the royal court came to an end on 14 December 1861, when her father died and her mother entered a period of intense mourning. Afterwards, in the early 1860s, Helena began a flirtation with Prince Albert's German librarian, Carl Ruland. Although the nature of the relationship is largely unknown, Helena's romantic letters to Ruland survive. After her mother discovered the flirtations, in 1863, she dismissed Ruland, who returned to his native Germany. Three years later, on 5 July 1866, Helena married the impoverished Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein. The couple remained in Britain, in calling distance of the queen, who liked to have her daughters nearby. Helena, along with her youngest sister, Princess Beatrice, became the queen's unofficial secretary. However, after Queen Victoria's death on 22 January 1901, Helena saw relatively little of her surviving siblings.
Helena was the most active member of the royal family, carrying out an extensive programme of royal engagements. She was also an active patron of charities, and was one of the founding members of the British Red Cross. She was founding president of the Royal School of Needlework, and president of the Workhouse Infirmary Nursing Association and the Royal British Nurses' Association. As president of the latter, she was a strong supporter of nurse registration against the advice of Florence Nightingale. In 1916 she became the first member of her family to celebrate her 50th wedding anniversary, but her husband died a year later. Helena outlived him by six years, dying aged 77 in 1923.
Early life
Helena was born at Buckingham Palace, the official royal residence in London, on 25 May 1846, the day after her mother's 27th birthday. Albert reported to his brother, Ernest II, the Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, that Helena "came into this world quite blue, but she is quite well now". He added that the queen "suffered longer and more than the other times and she will have to remain very quiet to recover." Albert and Victoria chose the names Helena Augusta Victoria. The German nickname for Helena was Helenchen, later shortened to Lenchen, the name by which members of the royal family invariably referred to Helena. As the daughter of the sovereign, Helena was styled Her Royal Highness The Princess Helena from birth. Helena was baptised on 25 July 1846 at the private chapel at Buckingham Palace. Her godparents were the Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (the husband of Queen Victoria’s cousin); the Duchess of Orléans (for whom the queen's mother, the Duchess of Kent, stood proxy); and the Duchess of Cambridge (the queen's aunt).
Helena was a lively and outspoken child, and reacted against brotherly teasing by punching the bully on the nose. Her early talents included drawing. Lady Augusta Stanley, a lady-in-waiting to the queen, commented favourably on the three-year-old Helena's artwork.
Like her sisters, she could play the piano to a high standard at an early age. Other interests included science and technology, shared by her father Prince Albert, and horseback riding and boating, two of her favourite childhood occupations. However, Helena became a middle daughter following the birth of Princess Louise in 1848, and her abilities were overshadowed by her more artistic sisters.
Death of Prince Albert
Helena's father, Prince Albert, died on 14 December 1861. The queen was devastated, and ordered her household, along with her daughters, to move from Windsor to Osborne House, the queen's Isle of Wight residence. Helena's grief was also profound, and she wrote to a friend a month later: "What we have lost nothing can ever replace, and our grief is most, most bitter ... I adored Papa, I loved him more than anything on earth, his word was a most sacred law, and he was my help and adviser ... These hours were the happiest of my life, and now it is all, all over."
The queen relied on her second eldest daughter Princess Alice as an unofficial secretary, but Alice needed an assistant of her own. Though Helena was the next eldest, she was considered unreliable by Victoria because of her inability to go long without bursting into tears. Therefore, Louise was selected to assume the role in her place. Alice was married to Prince Louis of Hesse in 1862, after which Helena assumed the role—described as the "crutch" of her mother's old age by one biographer—at her mother's side. In this role, she carried out minor secretarial tasks, such as writing the queen's letters, helping her with political correspondence, and providing her with company.
Marriage
Engagement and wedding
See also: Wedding dress of Princess Helena
The engagement was declared on 5 December 1865, and despite the Prince of Wales's initial refusal to attend, Princess Alice intervened, and the wedding was a happy occasion. The Queen allowed the ceremony to take place at Windsor Castle, albeit in the Private Chapel rather than the grander St George's Chapel on 5 July 1866. The Queen relieved her black mourning dress with a white mourning cap which draped over her back. The main participants filed into the chapel to the sound of Beethoven's Triumphal March, creating a spectacle only marred by the abrupt disappearance of Prince George, Duke of Cambridge, who had a sudden gout attack. Christian filed into the chapel with his two supporters, Prince Edward of Saxe-Weimar and Prince Frederic of Schleswig-Holstein, and Helena was given away by her mother, who escorted her up the aisle with the Prince of Wales and eight bridesmaids. Christian looked older than he was, and one guest commented that Helena looked as if she was marrying an aged uncle. Indeed, when he was first summoned to Britain, he assumed that the widowed Queen was inspecting him as a new husband for herself rather than as a candidate for one of her daughters. The couple spent the first night of their married life at Osborne House, before honeymooning in Paris, Interlaken and Genoa.
Married life
Helena and Christian were devoted to each other, and led a quiet life in comparison to Helena's sisters. Following their marriage, they took up residence at Cumberland Lodge in Windsor Great Park, the traditional residence of the Ranger of Windsor Great Park, the honorary position bestowed on Christian by the Queen. When staying in London, they lived at the Belgian Suite in Buckingham Palace. The couple had six children: Christian Victor in 1867, Albert in 1869, and Helena Victoria and Marie Louise in 1870 and 1872, respectively. Their last two sons died early; Harald died eight days after his birth in 1876, and an unnamed son was stillborn in 1877. Princess Louise, Helena's sister, commissioned the French sculptor Jules Dalou to sculpt a memorial to Helena's dead infants.
The Christians were granted a parliamentary annuity of £6,000 a year, which the Queen requested in person. In addition, a dowry of £30,000 was settled upon, and the Queen gave the couple £100,000, which yielded an income of about £4,000 a year. As well as that of Ranger of Windsor Park, Christian was given the honorary position of High Steward of Windsor, and was made a member of the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851. However, he was often an absentee figurehead at the meetings, instead passing his time playing with his dog Corrie, feeding his numerous pigeons, and embarking on hunting excursions.
Helena, as promised, lived close to the Queen, and both she and Beatrice performed duties for her. Beatrice, whom Victoria had groomed for the main role at her side, carried out the more important duties, and Helena took on the more minor matters that Beatrice did not have time to do. In later years, Helena was assisted by her unmarried daughter, Helena Victoria, to whom the Queen dictated her journal in the last months of her life.
Helena's health was not robust. However, the Queen did not believe that Helena was really ill, accusing her of hypochondria encouraged by an indulgent husband. Queen Victoria wrote to her daughter the Crown Princess of Prussia, complaining that Helena was inclined to "coddle herself (and Christian too) and to give way in everything that the great object of her doctors and nurse is to rouse her and make her think less of herself and of her confinement". Not all of her health scares were simply the result of hypochondria; in 1869, she had to cancel her trip to Balmoral Castle when she became ill at the railway station. In 1870, she was suffering from severe rheumatism and problems with her joints. In July 1871, she suffered from congestion in her lungs, an illness severe enough to appear in the Court Circular, which announced that her illness caused "much anxiety to members of the royal family". In 1873, she was forced to recuperate in France as a result of illness, and in the 1880s she travelled to Germany to see an oculist.
Activities
Nursing
Helena had a firm interest in nursing, and was the founding chair of the Ladies' Committee of the British Red Cross in 1870, playing an active role in recruiting nurses and organising relief supplies during the Franco-Prussian War. She subsequently became President of the British Nurses' Association (RBNA) upon its foundation in 1887. In 1891, it received the prefix "Royal", and received a royal charter the following year. She was a strong supporter of nurse registration, an issue that was opposed by both Florence Nightingale and leading public figures. In a speech Helena made in 1893, she made clear that the RBNA was working towards "improving the education and status of those devoted and self-sacrificing women whose whole lives have been devoted to tending the sick, the suffering, and the dying". In the same speech, she warned about opposition and misrepresentation they had encountered. Although the RBNA was in favour of registration as a means of enhancing and guaranteeing the professional status of trained nurses, its incorporation with the Privy Council allowed it to maintain a list rather than a formal register of nurses.
Following the death of Queen Victoria in 1901, the new queen, Alexandra, insisted on replacing Helena as President of the Army Nursing Service. This gave rise to a further breach between the royal ladies, with King Edward VII caught in the middle between his sister and his wife. Lady Roberts, a courtier, wrote to a friend: "matters were sometimes very difficult and not always pleasant." However, in accordance with rank, Helena agreed to resign in Alexandra's favour, and she retained presidency of the Army Nursing Reserve. Though thought to be merely an artefact created by society ladies, Helena exercised an efficient and autocratic regime—"if anyone ventures to disagree with Her Royal Highness she has simply said, 'It is my wish, that is sufficient.'"
The RBNA gradually went into decline following the Nurses Registration Act 1919; after six failed attempts between 1904 and 1918, the British parliament passed the bill allowing formal nurse registration. What resulted was the Royal College of Nursing (RCN), and the RBNA lost membership and dominance. Helena supported the proposed amalgamation of the RBNA with the new RCN, but that proved unsuccessful when the RBNA pulled out of the negotiations. However, she remained active in other nursing organisations, and was president of the Isle of Wight, Windsor and Great Western Railway branches of the Order of St. John. In this position, she personally signed and presented many thousands of certificates of proficiency in nursing.
Needlework
Helena was also active in the promotion of needlework, and became the first president of the newly established School of Art Needlework in 1872; in 1876, it acquired the "royal" prefix, becoming the Royal School of Needlework. In Helena's words, the objective of the school was: "first, to revive a beautiful art which had been well-nigh lost; and secondly, through its revival, to provide employment for gentlewomen who were without means of a suitable livelihood." As with her other organisations, she was an active president, and worked to keep the school on an even level with other schools. She personally wrote to Royal Commissioners requesting money; for example, in 1895, she requested and acquired £30,000 for erecting a building for the school in South Kensington. Her royal status helped its promotion, and she held Thursday afternoon tea parties at the school for society ladies, who wanted to be seen in the presence of royal personages such as Princess Helena. When the Christmas Bazaar was held, she acted as chief saleswoman, generating long queues of people anxious to be served personally by her.
Helena was anxious to help children and the unemployed, and began hosting free dinners for their benefit at the Windsor Guildhall. She presided over two of these dinners, in February and March 1886, and over 3,000 meals were served to children and unemployed men during the harsh winter that year. Through her charitable activities, she became popular with the people; a contemporary author, C. W. Cooper, wrote that "the poor of Windsor worshipped her".
Writing
Among Helena's other interests was writing, especially translation. In 1867, when the first biography of her father, the Prince Consort was written, the author, Sir Charles Grey, notes that the Prince's letters were translated (from German to English) by Helena "with surprising fidelity". Other translations followed, and in 1887 she published a translation of The Memoirs of Wilhelmine, Margravine of Bayreuth. It was noted by the Saturday Review that Helena wrote an English version that was thoroughly alive, with a sound dictionary translation and a high accuracy in spirit. Her final translation was undertaken in 1882, on a German booklet called First Aid to the Injured, originally published by Christian's brother-in-law. It was republished several times until 1906.
Bergsträsser affair
A copyright issue arose after the publication of letters written by Helena's sister, Princess Alice. In Germany, an edition of Alice's letters was published in 1883, by a Darmstadt clergyman called Carl Sell, who chose a selection of her letters made available to him by the Queen. When it was done, Helena wrote to Sell and requested permission to publish an English translation of the German text. It was granted, but without the knowledge of the publisher Dr Bergsträsser. In December 1883 Helena wrote to Sir Theodore Martin, a favoured royal biographer, informing him that Bergsträsser was claiming copyright of Alice's letters, and on that basis was demanding a delay in the publication of the English edition. Martin acted as an intermediary between Helena and Bergsträsser, who claimed to have received many offers from English publishers, and that the chosen one would expect a high honorarium.
Bergsträsser was persuaded to drop his demand for a delay in publishing, and modify his copyright claims in return for a lump sum. However, the Queen and Helena refused, claiming that the copyright belonged to the Queen, and that only Sell's original preface was open to negotiation. The royal ladies considered Bergsträsser's claims "unjustified if not impertinent", and would not communicate with him directly. Eventually, Bergsträsser came to Britain in January 1884, willing to accept £100 for the first 3,000 copies and a further £40 for each subsequent thousand copies sold. Martin chose the publisher John Murray, who after further negotiations with Bergsträsser, printed the first copies in mid-1884. It sold out almost immediately; but for the second edition, Murray replaced Sell's biographical sketch of Princess Alice with the 53-page memoir written by Helena. The problem of royalties to Sell was thus avoided, and that Helena gave her name to the memoir to her sister attracted greater interest in the book.
After Queen Victoria
Edwardian period
Helena's favourite son, Prince Christian Victor, died in 1900, followed three months later by her mother Queen Victoria, who died at Osborne House on 22 January 1901. The new King, Edward VII, did not have close ties with his surviving sisters, with the exception of Princess Louise. Helena's nephew, Prince Alexander of Battenberg (later Marquess of Carisbrooke) recorded that Queen Alexandra was jealous of the royal family, and would not invite her sisters-in-law to Sandringham. Moreover, Alexandra never fully reconciled herself to Helena and Christian following their marriage controversy in the 1860s.
Helena saw relatively little of her surviving siblings, and continued her role as a support to the monarchy and a campaigner for the many charities she represented. She and Christian led a quiet life, but did carry out a few royal engagements. On one such occasion, the elderly couple represented the King at the silver wedding anniversary, in 1906, of Kaiser Wilhelm II (Helena's nephew) and his wife Augusta Victoria (Christian's niece). During the Edwardian period, Helena visited the grave of her son, Prince Christian Victor, who died in 1900 following a bout with malaria while serving in the Second Boer War. She was met by South African Prime Minister Louis Botha, but Jan Smuts refused to meet her, partly because he was bitter that South Africa had lost the war and partly because his son had died in a British concentration camp.
In 1902, Prince and Princess Christian moved to Schomberg House, 77–78 Pall Mall, London, half of which is now part of the Oxford and Cambridge Club.
Later years
King Edward died in 1910, and the First World War began four years after his death. Helena devoted her time to nursing, and her daughter, Princess Marie Louise, recorded in her memoirs that requests for news of loved ones reached Helena and her sisters. It was decided that the letters should be forwarded to Crown Princess Margaret of Sweden, Princess Helena's niece, as Sweden was neutral during the war. It was during the war that Helena and Christian celebrated their golden wedding anniversary in 1916, and despite the fact that Britain and Germany were at war, the Kaiser sent a congratulatory telegram to his aunt and uncle through the Crown Princess of Sweden. King George V and Queen Mary were present when the telegram was received, and the King remarked to Helena's daughter, Marie Louise, that her former husband, Prince Aribert of Anhalt, did her a service when he turned her out. When Marie Louise said she would have run away to Britain if she was still married, the King said, "with a twinkle in his eye", that he would have had to intern her.
In 1917, in response to the wave of anti-German feeling that surrounded the war, George V changed the family name from Saxe-Coburg and Gotha to Windsor. He also disposed of his family's German titles and styles, so Helena and her daughters simply became Princess Christian, Princess Helena Victoria and Princess Marie Louise with no territorial designation. Helena's surviving son, Albert, fought on the side of the Prussians, though he made it clear that he would not fight against his mother's country. In the same year, on 28 October, Prince Christian died at Schomberg House. Helena's last years were spent arguing with Commissioners, who tried to turn her out of Schomberg House and Cumberland Lodge because of the expense of running her households. They failed, as clear evidence of her right to live in those residences for life was shown.
Death
Princess Helena died at Schomberg House on 9 June 1923 at the age of 77. Her funeral, described as a "magnificently stage-managed scene" by her biographer Seweryn Chomet, was headed by King George V. The regiment of her favourite son, Prince Christian Victor, lined the steps of St. George's Chapel at Windsor Castle. Although originally interred in the Royal Vault at St George's on 15 June 1923, her body was reburied at the Royal Burial Ground, Frogmore, a few miles from Windsor, after its consecration on 23 October 1928.
Legacy
Helena was devoted to nursing, and took the lead at the charitable organisations she represented. She was also an active campaigner, and wrote letters to newspapers and magazines promoting the interests of nurse registration. Her royal status helped to promote the publicity and society interest that surrounded organisations such as the Royal British Nurses' Association. The RBNA still survives today with Aubrey Rose as president. Emily Williamson founded the Gentlewomen's Employment Association in Manchester; one of the projects which came out of this group was the Princess Christian Training College for Nurses, in Fallowfield, Manchester.
In appearance, Helena was described by John Van der Kiste as plump and dowdy; and in temperament, as placid, and business-like, with an authoritarian spirit. On one occasion, during a National Dock Strike, the Archbishop of Canterbury composed a prayer hoping for its prompt end. Helena arrived at the church, examined her service sheet, and in a voice described by her daughter as "the penetrating royal family whisper, which carried farther than any megaphone", remarked: "That prayer won't settle any strike." Her appearance and personality was criticised in the letters and journals of Queen Victoria, and biographers followed her example.
Music was one of her passions; in her youth she played the piano with Charles Hallé, Jenny Lind and Clara Butt, who were among her personal friends, and she was amongst the first members of the Bach Choir of London, founded by Lind's husband (and Helena's former piano teacher) Otto Goldschmidt. Her determination to carry out a wide range of public duties won her widespread popularity. She twice represented her mother at Drawing Rooms, attendance at which was considered equivalent to being presented to the queen herself.
Helena was closest to her brother, Prince Alfred, who considered her his favourite sister. Though described by contemporaries as fearfully devoted to the Queen Victoria, to the point that she did not have a mind of her own, she actively campaigned for women's rights, a field the queen abhorred. Nevertheless, both she and Beatrice remained closest to the queen, and Helena remained close to her mother's side until the latter's death. Her name was the last to be written in the queen's seventy-year-old journal.
Titles, styles, honours and arms
Titles and styles
25 May 1846 – 5 July 1866: Her Royal Highness The Princess Helena
5 July 1866 – 17 July 1917: Her Royal Highness The Princess Helena, Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
17 July 1917 – 9 June 1923: Her Royal Highness Princess Christian
Honours
British
1 January 1878: Companion of the Crown of India
29 April 1883: Member of the Royal Red Cross
23 March 1896: Lady of Justice of St John
10 February 1904: Royal Family Order of King Edward VII
3 June 1911: Royal Family Order of King George V
3 June 1918: Dame Grand Cross of the British Empire.
Member 1st class of the Royal Order of Victoria and Albert
Foreign
31 March 1863: Dame of the Order of Queen Saint Isabel
Dame of the Order of Louise, 1st Division
1 June 1872: Cross of Merit for Women and Girls
Arms
In 1858, Helena and the three younger of her sisters were granted use of the royal arms, with an inescutcheon of the shield of Saxony, and differenced by a label of three points argent. On Helena's arms, the outer points bore roses gules, and the centre bore a cross gules. In 1917, the inescutcheon was dropped by royal warrant from George V.
Princess Helena's coat of arms (1858–1917)
Issue
Prince and Princess Christian had six children, four of whom lived to adulthood. They had one grandchild, Valerie Marie zu Schleswig-Holstein, who died in 1953 as their final descendant.
Name Birth Death Notes Prince Christian Victor 14 April 1867 29 October 1900 His mother's favourite son; died unmarried and without issue while serving in the Boer War Prince Albert 28 February 1869 27 April 1931 Succeeded as head of the House of Oldenburg in 1921; had one illegitimate daughter, Valerie Marie zu Schleswig-Holstein Princess Helena Victoria 3 May 1870 13 March 1948 Never married. One of her last public appearances was at the wedding of the future Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh Princess Marie Louise 12 August 1872 8 December 1956 Married 1891; Prince Aribert of Anhalt; no issue; marriage was dissolved in 1900 Prince Harald 12 May 1876 20 May 1876 Died an infant at eight days old An unnamed stillborn son 7 May 1877 7 May 1877 Stillborn
See also
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The wedding of Princess Helena and Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
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2023-07-05T00:00:00
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On the 5th July 1866, Princess Helena, fifth child of Queen Victoria, married Prince Christian of Scleswig-Holstein in the Private Chapel at Windsor Castle ‘The Marriage of Princess Helena, 5 July 1866’ by Christian Karl Magnussen, dated 1866-1869 ©️ Royal Collection Trust / HM King Charles III While serving as her mothers private secretary, Helena…
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https://queenvictoriaroses.co.uk/2023/07/05/the-wedding-of-princess-helena-and-prince-christian-of-schleswig-holstein/
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On the 5th July 1866, Princess Helena, fifth child of Queen Victoria, married Prince Christian of Scleswig-Holstein in the Private Chapel at Windsor Castle
While serving as her mothers private secretary, Helena became romantically involved with her brothers tutor, Carl Ruland, who had previously served as her father’s librarian. When she found out in 1863, Queen Victoria lost all respect for previously praised Ruland and had had him dismissed back to his home in Germany.
Wanting to prevent it from happening again, Victoria began looking at suitors for Helena. But as the middle child of the sovereign, and deemed “plump”, “dowdy” and “without charm” by her mother, Helena’s prospects were low. Queen Victoria limited her choices more by demanding that Helena’s betrothed should be willing to live near the Queen so that the princess could continue to serve as her secretary and companion.
With most eligible bachelor’s out of the question, King Leopold I of Belgium, suggested Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein. Happy with the suggestion, Queen Victoria summoned Prince Christian to undergo her inspection. However, aged 35, the prince thought the Queen was planning to marry him herself and was shocked to discover that he was in fact a possible suitor for her 19 year old daughter!
Helena and Christian first met in August 1865, when Queen Victoria and her nine children traveled to Coburg to reveal a statue of Prince Albert. Although he was 15 years older, Helena knew she didn’t have much choice and supported the prospective match but her siblings were strongly against it. Alexandra, Princess of Wales, disapproved the most, as the Schleswig-Holstein territory had belonged to her father before the Austro-Prussian War and couldn’t stand the thought of him joining the family. Prince Albert Edward, Alexandra’s husband and Helena’s brother, was also against the match in support of his wife. Queen Victoria’s third child, Princess Alice believed that the Queen was sacrificing Helena’s happiness for her own convenience. With Christian’s age her main concern, many wedding guests later said it looked like Helena was marrying an aged uncle! The only members of the family that truly agreed were Helena’s eldest sister, Victoria, and her husband, Crown Prince Friedrich of Germany, who had been friends with Christian for years.
Despite the controversy, Helena was determined to marry Christian. Their engagement was announced on 5th December 1865 and they married exactly seven months later at 12:30pm in the Private Chapel at Windsor Castle, on the 5th July 1866. As guests gathered in the castle, Helena waited in Queen Victoria’s private apartment, before walking down to the chapel in a moderately large procession. The guest list included: British and foreign royals, members of Queen Victoria’s household, foreign representatives, government officials, close friends and also close employees. Supported by her mother, the Prince of wales and eight bridesmaids, Helena made her way down the isle to the opera ‘Scipio’. She was wearing a silk dress, decorated in honiton lace, orange blossom and myrtle; as well as a necklace, earrings and brooch, which were a wedding gift from her mother.
After the ceremony, the happy couple, Queen Victoria and other members of the family and household, headed to the White Drawing Room to sign the marriage registry. A luncheon was then held in the Oak Room for royalty, while a buffet was held in the Waterloo Chamber for all other guests. At 4:15pm, the couple left Windsor to spend their first night at Osborne House, before honeymooning in Paris, Interlaken and Genoa. That evening, banquet was held in the Waterloo Gallery for remaining guests, as well as an evening party, which took place in St. George’s Hall.
Upon their return to England, the couple took residence at Cumberland Lodge in Windsor Great Park and used the Belgian suite at Buckingham Palace whenever they were in London. Helena gave birth to their first child, Prince Christian Victor, on 14th April 1867. She went on to have a total of seven children in the space of nine years, but sadly her sixth child, Prince Harald, only lived eight days and her final child was a stillborn son. Despite the heartbreak, Helena and Christian remained close.
In 1917, King George V retracted all German titles in the royal family and the couple became known simply as Prince and Princess Christian. Just three months later, on 28 October, Christian died aged 86, at their Pall Mall home, Schomberg House. Helena was devastated by his death and spent her final years living with her two daughters: Princess Helena Victoria and Princess Marie Louise.
Thank you for taking the time to read today’s blog, I hope you have enjoyed it. If you have any questions, please leave them in the comments section below or send them to me on instagram. You can also support my research by visiting and subscribing or donating to my Ko-fi page. Don’t forget, you can also subscribe to by website for email updates about new blogs! Thank you again, Shannon x
This article is the intellectual property of Queen.Victoria.Roses and should not be COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances unless permission is given by the author
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Royal Wedding Cakes: 1878
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2018-05-16T00:00:00
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Some Remarkable Wedding Cakes By Framley Steelcroft Only a very small percentage of the readers of this article will be able to recall Her Majesty’s wedding-day, Monday, February 10th, 1840, when the theatres were open free to the public. In the evening a banquet was given at St. James’s Palace, and covers were laid…
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Mrs Daffodil Digresses
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Some Remarkable Wedding Cakes
By Framley Steelcroft
Only a very small percentage of the readers of this article will be able to recall Her Majesty’s wedding-day, Monday, February 10th, 1840, when the theatres were open free to the public. In the evening a banquet was given at St. James’s Palace, and covers were laid for 130 persons. There were three tables, and at the upper end of the Queen’s table stood the two chief wedding-cakes, one of which is depicted here. This cake was made by Messrs. Gunter, of Berkeley Square, and before being sent to the Palace, it was exhibited on the firm’s premises to more than 21,000 persons. It is said that besides the two principal wedding-cakes there were nearly a hundred smaller ones, which were subsequently cut up and distributed, practically, all over the world.
The second wedding – cake that figured on this historical occasion was designed by Mr. John C. Mauditt, yeoman confectioner to the Royal household. It weighed nearly 300lb., and was 14in. thick and 12ft. in circumference. On the top was seen a figure of Britannia blessing the bride and bridegroom, who were somewhat incongruously dressed in the costume of ancient Rome. These figures were nearly a foot high, and were, of course, moulded in sugar. At the feet of Prince Albert was the figure of a dog, denoting fidelity; while at Her Majesty’s feet were a pair of turtle doves, denoting the felicity of the marriage state. A large Cupid was also seen writing the date of the marriage in a book, and at the top of the cake were many bouquets of white flowers, tied with true lovers’ knots of white satin ribbon. Among the decorations of this wedding-cake may also be mentioned four white satin flags, on which were painted the Royal Arms.
The next free theatrical night marked the marriage of the Prince of Wales, on March 10th, 1863. For many days the presents were on view at Garrard’s, in the Haymarket, and they included a particularly massive wedding-ring and keeper, the latter set with six precious stones, selected and arranged so that their initial letters formed the word “Bertie.” The stones were respectively a beryl, emerald, ruby, turquoise, jacinth, and another emerald. Also among the presents figured eight lockets for the bridesmaids, which were set with coral and diamonds—red and white being the colours of Denmark. In the centre of each was a cipher in crystal, forming the letters “A. E. A.,” after a drawing by the late Princess Alice. The bridal garments were ordered from Mr. Levysohn, of Copenhagen, and were, of course, on view at his shop in the Kjöbmagergade. On this occasion a splendid wedding-cake was made by Her Majesty’s confectioner, M. Pagniez; but one of equal importance was made by the Royal confectioners, Messrs. Bolland, of Chester, and this great cake is shown here. This is what is known as a “three-tier” cake, and around the base were festoons composed of the rose, thistle, and shamrock, entwined with the Royal and Denmark Arms. On the tiers were placed alternately reflectors and figures of seraphs with harps ; also satin flags, on which were painted miniature likenesses of the Prince and Princess. The whole was surmounted by a temple embedded in orange blossoms and silver leaves, on the summit of which was placed the Prince’s coronet and a magnificent plume of ostrich feathers. The cake, which stood nearly 5ft. high, was of colossal proportions.
I may mention, incidentally, that the largest cake ever made by Messrs. Gunter was that which figured among the Jubilee presents. This cake was 13ft. high, and weighed a quarter of a ton, its value being about £300. The smallest wedding-cake made was ordered by a lady for a child. It was a doll’s wedding-cake, 3in. high, and weighing about four ounces; it cost 10s., because it was perfect in every respect, and the confectioner had great difficulty in getting moulds small enough.
The next wedding-cake shown here is that of Prince Leopold (Duke of Albany) and Princess Helen of Waldeck-Pyrmont, who were married on April 27th, 1882.
This wedding-cake stood nearly 6ft. high, and was mounted on a richly-carved gilt stand, which was first employed at the wedding of the Prince of Wales. The total weight of this cake was about 2cwt., and the decoration of the lower tier consisted of four groups, representing the four continents of Europe, Asia, Africa, and America; these being adapted from the Albert Memorial in Hyde Park. Considering the great difficulty of working in material like sugar, and the fact that all the forms have to be built up by squeezing the liquid sugar out of a small hole in a piece of paper, it is perfectly amazing to notice the artistic success of these Royal Wedding Cakes.
There were also to be noticed on this particular cake a number of satin-surfaced pillars, painted with the lily and its foliage. These pillars were surmounted by vases containing the characteristic flowers of England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales, and at the base of the vases were reading Cupids, emblematic of the literary and studious tastes of the Royal bridegroom. At the salient points of the base were swans, associated with sea-shells, in which were dolphins at play.
The second tier was octagonal in shape, and in the spaces between the satin-surfaced pillars, painted with orange blossoms, were medallions richly worked in colour, and representing the arms and monogram of the bride and bridegroom. The pillars of this tier were surmounted by Cupids bearing flowers, from which sprang jets of mimic spray to water the flowers contained in the vases below.
The third tier of this cake was ornamented with wedding favours and festoons, and on the top of it was a pavilion containing a fountain playing, with doves drinking from the basin. Above this again was a terminal stage, supporting cornucopiae, from which issued the various fruits of the earth. In the midst of these emblems of plenty stood a Cupid, bearing upon his shoulders a vase overflowing with the most beautiful flowers.
It is interesting to note that each of the Royal bakers has a distinct recipe, which is guarded like a Cabinet secret. Roughly speaking, a bride-cake takes about half a day to bake, but after the tins have been removed from the oven and the cake turned out, the serious part of the work only commences—for a wedding-cake has to be at least six months old before it is fit to be eaten. During this time it is kept in an enormous warehouse, called the “cake-room,” and each firm keeps a separate staff of artists employed in making new designs and altering the fashions in wedding-cakes. Natural flowers are the great feature in modern wedding-cakes; white roses and orange blossoms being the most popular varieties in use. A good deal of ingenuity, however, has to be exercised in keeping these fresh, for a faded wedding-cake would indeed be a grievous sight.
The Royal Chester bakers (Messrs. Bolland) have got over the difficulty by having narrow, white porcelain cups sunk in among the decorations, thus enabling each natural bouquet to rest in water.
An adequate idea of the magnitude of this business may be realized when I mention that Messrs. Bolland’s standing stock of wedding-cake is about 2,000lb. The curiously statuesque cake, which we now reproduce, was made, appropriately enough, for the Princess Louise, on the occasion of her wedding with the Marquis of Lorne, which took place on March 21st, 1871. This cake was designed and made by Mr. Samuel Ponder, the present chief confectioner of Her Majesty’s household. Mr. Ponder tells me that this cake was about 5ft. 10in. in height, and weighed 21/2cwt. The four figures at the angles were modelled from the statues on Holborn Viaduct, and the cake was built in four tiers. This very artistic wedding-cake was surmounted by a replica of Canova’s “Hebe,” Mr. Ponder having procured a plaster model of the statue at a decorator’s in Leather Lane.
Princess Beatrice was married on July 23rd, 1885, and the cake made on that occasion by the Royal Confectioner, Mr. Ponder, was 6ft. high, and weighed 280lb.; it is shown in the accompanying illustration.
The next wedding – cake that figures here is that of the Princess Helena and Prince Christian, whose marriage ceremony was performed in the private chapel attached to the Royal apartments at Windsor Castle. The Queen gave the bride away, and a luncheon was subsequently served privately to the members of the Royal Family in the Oak Room, visitors being entertained at a buffet in the Waterloo Gallery.
One of the most important questions I put to the Royal confectioner on the occasion of my visit to him at Buckingham Palace, had reference to the most important wedding-day, from his point of view. Mr. Ponder unhesitatingly replied that the Duke of York’s wedding with Princess May entailed by far the greatest strain upon him. The principal cake on this occasion was made at Windsor; it was 6ft. 10in. high, and weighed between 2cwt. and 3cwt. This cake, which is shown in the accompanying reproduction, took the Royal confectioner five weeks to make, there being as many as thirty-nine separate pieces of plaster in some of the figure moulds. Altogether, there were at this wedding six immense cakes, on what is known as the “general table,” and in addition to these, Mr. Ponder made sixteen or eighteen smaller cakes for cutting up, each cake averaging about 22lb. Moreover, Messrs. Gunter say that they cut up no fewer than 500 slices of wedding-cake on this occasion, the smallest slice weighing about half a pound, and the largest, a little over 12lb. One of this same firm’s confectioners subsequently attended at the Royal kitchen, and, armed with a saw and a special knife, cut up about 16cwt. Of wedding-cake in three days.
The second of the “York” wedding-cakes, reproduced here, was made by Messrs. Bolland, to the order of the Prince and Princess of Wales; it was about 4ft. 6in. high, and weighed 224lb.
The ornaments of the cake were representative of the sailor-life of Prince George. The divisions between the pillars were occupied by four large panels representing H.M.S. Thrush and Melampus, modelled in bass-relief from photographs specially taken. This cake has a somewhat interesting history. On being completed it was sent from Chester to Buckingham Palace, where it was built up the afternoon before the wedding. At three o’clock on the eventful day itself, however, the Royal Chester bakers received a telegram, ordering them to remove the cake from the Palace to Marlborough House—no easy matter, even in the most favourable circumstances. The ornate structure was taken down, and its sections placed in two disreputable-looking “growlers” –positively the only conveyances to be obtained in the crowded and almost impassable streets. The confectioners tell a woeful tale of the subsequent funereal procession to Marlborough House, with a surging crowd pressing against, and almost overturning, the wretched cabs. This trying ordeal was over at last, however, and I am told that the Prince of Wales himself supervised the reconstruction of the big cake on a sideboard in the Banqueting Room.
Not to be outdone at this wedding, Scotland came forward in the persons of Messrs. McVitie and Price, of Edinburgh, who produced another magnificent wedding-cake, also of a naval character. This stood 6ft. 4in. in height; the circumference of the lowest tier was nearly 8ft.; the total weight of the cake, 4661b., and its intrinsic value about 140 guineas. To give some idea of the amount of work involved in the execution of such an order, it may be mentioned that the anchors, davits, and blocks for tackle, etc., had to be specially made by one set of workmen; the flowers with which the cake was profusely decorated, by another set; while the making and draping of the stand was intrusted to a famous firm of Regent Street silk merchants: altogether, no fewer than thirty skilled workmen were employed in the manufacture of this cake, which was made within seven days of the receipt of the order. When completed, it was exhibited for two days in Edinburgh, and so great was the public interest taken in the wedding, that in this brief period upwards of 14,900 people had inspected the big Scottish cake; and a special staff of policemen and commissionaires had to be employed to keep the orderly crowd moving.
The most important cake made outside the Palace for the “Fife” wedding was provided by Messrs. Gunter, of Berkeley Square. It was 7ft. high, and weighed 1501b. On the cake stood a Greek temple in sugar, and round it were medallions of satin with raised sugar monograms. This cake was exhibited for some time before the day of the marriage, and while it was on show it was decorated with artificial flowers. On the wedding-day, however, about twenty pounds’ worth of fresh natural flowers covered the entire structure.
The Strand, Volume 10, 1895: pp. 104-11
Mrs Daffodil’s Aide-memoire: Mrs Daffodil has never had the pleasure of a taste of Royal wedding cake and wonders if these architectural marvels in marzipan— more like spun-sugar dolls’ houses than anything—are as prettily flavoured as they are ornamented.
Bolland’s was the preferred confectioner of the Royal Family, holding the royal warrant from Queen Victoria and Edward, the Prince of Wales.
HOW A BOX OF SWEETS GIVEN TO THE PRINCESS VICTORIA
LAID THE FOUNDATION OF A FAMOUS BUSINESS.
Their distinction dates from a far off day in 1835, when the young Princess Victoria, having come to the quaint old walled city to open a new bridge, was presented with a box of cakes by Richard Bolland, the founder of the firm.
So constant has been Queen Victoria’s patronage of the Bollands that they have come to be known everywhere — to use the late George Augustus Sala’s phrase—as “historic brides’ cake makers to the roval family.” They sell no wedding cake which has not matured and mellowed in their seasoning room for six months. To fill the orders from America, India, Africa, Canada, and Australia, as well as the home demand, it is necessary to keep constantly on hand a stock of two thousand pounds of cake.
It will be seen, therefore, that every day is baking day at Bollands, and that a careful record of dates must be kept. Any bride having a cake from the Chester makers may rest assured that it is of “correct vintage “—for all their cakes are compounded from a receipt a hundred years old, which is guarded like a state secret. Queens may command the product, but not the process.
On all royal wedding cakes the national flowers of the United Kingdom play a very prominent part, together with the monograms and quarterings of the young couple. The wedding cake of the Princess Maud of Wales was particularly charming. It was a labor of love for the Bollands to contrive a new combination of the arms of Denmark and England. Many years before, they had faced the problem in designing similar decorations for the bride’s parents. Apart from this, Princess Maud’s wedding cake had two most charming features: the separate tiers were encircled with white satin ribbon bordered with pearls, trimmed with bridal buds and tied in true lovers’ knots: a triumphant god of love surmounting the whole structure bore aloft a delicate nautilus shell, from which fell festoons of silver bullion and fragile seaweed. The Puritan October 1900: p. 1-4
Mrs Daffodil invites you to join her on the curiously named “Face-book,” where you will find a feast of fashion hints, fads and fancies, and historical anecdotes
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https://www.rct.uk/collection/2904525/helena-princess-christian-of-schleswig-holstein-and-her-daughters-1887
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Helena, Princess Christian of Schleswig
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Photograph showing, from left to right: Princess Helena Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein, seated, her hands on her lap; Princess Christian stands; Princess Marie Louise seated, holding her fan on her lap.Helena, Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein was born on 25 May 1846, the fifth child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. She married Prince Christian on 5 July 1866 and lived in England in order to remain close to Queen Victoria, residing first at Frogmore House, moving later to Cumberland Lodge in...
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https://dbpedia.org/page/Princess_Helena_of_the_United_Kingdom
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About: Princess Helena of the United Kingdom
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Princess Helena of the United Kingdom VA CI GBE RRC (Helena Augusta Victoria; 25 May 1846 – 9 June 1923), later Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, was the third daughter and fifth child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.
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dbo:abstract
Helena del Regne Unit, princesa de Schleswig-Holstein (Londres 1846 - 1923). Filla de la reina Victòria I del Regne Unit i del príncep Albert de Saxònia-Coburg Gotha. Des de la mort del seu pare l'any 1861 es mantingué al costat de la seva mare tenint un paper important a la cort britànica. Fou coneguda amb el nom de Lenchen. L'any 1866 es casà amb el príncep Cristià de Schleswig-Holstein fill del duc Cristià August II de Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg i de la comtessa Lluïsa Sofia Danneskjold-Samsøe. El casament implicà una enorme disputa en el si de la família reial britànica, mentre la princesa reial Victòria del Regne Unit, reina de Prússia i el seu espòs el futur kàiser Frederic III de Prússia recolzaven el matrimoni, ja que el duc Augustenburg era el principal candidat a ocupar el tron de Schleswig i Holstein en contra de (aquí tot es barrejava amb els antogonismes interns de la casa reial prussiana; la princesa de Gal·les Alexandra de Dinamarca i el seu espòs el futur rei Eduard VII del Regne Unit estaven en contra de les demandes dels Augustenburg perquè creien que els ducats eren danesos i en conseqüència del pare de la princesa de Gal·les. La parella que es conegué a Coburg el 1866 es casà a la Capella Privada de Castell de Windsor el mateix any i tingueren quatre fill que arribaren a la vida adulta: * Sa Altesa el príncep nascut l'any 1867 a Londres i mort l'any 1900. * SA nascut a Londres el 1868 i mort el 1931. * SA nascuda a Windsor el 1870 i morta a Londres el 1948. * SA la , princesa d'Anhalt nascuda a Windsor el 1872 i morta a Londres el 1956, es casà el 1891 amb el príncep del qual es divorcià el 1900 a causa de la seva homosexualitat. Va portar una vida bastant retirada de la vida pública però mantingué uns certs deures reials vinculats amb associacions a les quals pertanyia com la de "Dones cristianes britàniques". Morí el 1923 a Londres i fou enterrada a Castell de Windsor. (ca)
Princezna Helena (celým jménem Helena Augusta Viktorie, sňatkem princezna Kristiána Šlesvicko-Holštýnského; 25. května 1846 – 9. června 1923) byla členka britské královské rodiny, třetí dcera a páté dítě královny Viktorie a prince Alberta. (cs)
الأميرة هيليناأوغستا فكتوريا (بالإنجليزية: Helena Augusta Victoria) هي إحدى بنات الملكة فكتوريا. (ar)
Η Έλενα του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου (αγγλικά: Helena of the United Kingdom, 25 Μαΐου 1846 - 9 Ιουνίου 1923) ήταν η τρίτη κόρη και το πέμπτο παιδί της Βικτωρίας του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου και του Αλβέρτου της Σαξονίας-Κοβούργου-Γκότα. (el)
Prinzessin Helena Augusta Victoria von Großbritannien und Irland VA CI GCVO GBE RRC (* 25. Mai 1846 im Buckingham Palace, London; † 9. Juni 1923 in , London) war das fünfte Kind der britischen Königin Victoria und ihres Gemahls Albert von Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha. (de)
Elena Augusta Victoria del Reino Unido (en inglés: Helena Augusta Victoria Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Princess of the United Kingdom, 25 de mayo de 1846-9 de junio de 1923), por matrimonio princesa Cristián de Schleswig-Holstein y posteriormente conocida como princesa Cristián, fue la quinta de los nueve hijos de la reina Victoria del Reino Unido y el príncipe Alberto de Sajonia-Coburgo-Gotha. Educada por tutores privados elegidos por su padre y el amigo y consejero de este, el barón Stockmar, su infancia transcurrió al lado de su familia, viajando entre la variedad de residencias que tenían en el Reino Unido. La atmósfera de cordialidad al interior de la corte llegó a su fin el 14 de diciembre de 1861, cuando su padre murió y su madre inició un período de intenso duelo. En los primeros años de la década de 1860, Elena comenzó un flirteo con el bibliotecario alemán del príncipe Alberto, Carl Ruland. Aunque en gran parte se desconoce la naturaleza de la relación, todavía sobreviven algunas cartas románticas que la princesa escribió a Ruland. Cuando la reina se enteró en 1863, despidió a Ruland, quien regresó a su natal Alemania. Tres años más tarde, el 5 de julio de 1866, Elena se casó con el empobrecido príncipe alemán Cristián de Schleswig-Holstein. La pareja permaneció en Inglaterra, a corta distancia de la reina, a quien le gustaba tener cerca a sus hijas. Elena y su hermana menor, Beatriz, se convirtieron en las secretarias no oficiales de su madre. Después de la muerte de la reina Victoria el 22 de enero de 1901, Elena se relacionó relativamente poco con sus hermanos. Era el miembro más activo de la familia real y cumplía con un extenso programa de compromisos en una época en la que no se esperaba que la realeza apareciera en público con frecuencia. También fue una activa patrocinadora de organizaciones benéficas y uno de los miembros fundadores de la Cruz Roja. Fue la presidenta fundadora de la Royal School of Needlework y presidenta de la Royal British Nurses' Association. Como dirigente de esta última apoyó con energía el registro de enfermeras, en contra de lo recomendado por Florence Nightingale. Fue la primera de la familia en celebrar su quincuagésimo aniversario de bodas en 1916, pero su marido murió un año después; Elena le sobrevivió por seis años y murió en el 9 de junio de 1923 a los 77 años. (es)
Helena du Royaume-Uni, née au palais de Buckingham à Londres le 25 mai 1846 et décédée à Schomberg House dans la même ville le 9 juin 1923, est un membre de la famille royale britannique, devenue par mariage princesse de Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderbourg-Augustenbourg. Elle est le cinquième enfant et la troisième fille de la reine Victoria du Royaume-Uni et du prince consort Albert de Saxe-Cobourg-Gotha. Helena reçoit l'enseignement de tuteurs privés choisis par son père et son proche conseiller, le baron Stockmar. Elle passe son enfance avec ses parents, entre les différentes résidences royales en Angleterre. L'atmosphère intimiste de la cour royale prend fin le 14 décembre 1861, quand son père décède et que sa mère entre dans une période de deuil profond. Au début des années 1860, Helena entretient une relation amoureuse avec le bibliothécaire allemand du prince Albert, Carl Ruland. Bien que le fait que la nature exacte de leur relation soit largement méconnue, les lettres d'amour d'Helena à Ruland se multiplient. Lorsque la reine le découvre en 1863, elle renvoie Ruland qui rentre dans son Allemagne natale. Trois ans plus tard, le 5 juillet 1866, Helena épouse le prince Christian de Schleswig-Holstein, alors ruiné. Le couple réside en Angleterre, près de la reine qui aime avoir ses filles auprès d'elle. Helena devient, avec sa sœur cadette la princesse Béatrice, secrétaire non officielle de la reine. Mais à la mort de la reine Victoria le 22 janvier 1901, Helena ne fréquente que très peu ses frères et sœurs, dont le roi Édouard VII. Helena est le membre le plus actif de la famille royale, menant un programme intensif d'actions caritatives. A la tête de nombreuses œuvres caritatives, elle est l'un des membres fondateurs de la Croix-Rouge britannique. Elle est également la présidente fondatrice de la Royal School of Needlework et la présidente de la Workhouse Infirmary Nursing Association et de la Royal British Nurses' Association. En tant que présidente de ces dernières associations, elle est un solide soutien à la reconnaissance des infirmières, et s'oppose ainsi à Florence Nightingale. En 1916, elle devient le premier membre de sa famille à célébrer son cinquantième anniversaire de mariage ; son mari décède une année seulement après. Helena lui survit six années durant, et meurt le 9 juin 1923 à l'âge de 77 ans. (fr)
Princess Helena of the United Kingdom VA CI GBE RRC (Helena Augusta Victoria; 25 May 1846 – 9 June 1923), later Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, was the third daughter and fifth child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Helena was educated by private tutors chosen by her father and his close friend and adviser, Baron Stockmar. Her childhood was spent with her parents, travelling between a variety of royal residences in Britain. The intimate atmosphere of the royal court came to an end on 14 December 1861, when her father died and her mother entered a period of intense mourning. Afterwards, in the early 1860s, Helena began a flirtation with Prince Albert's German librarian, Carl Ruland. Although the nature of the relationship is largely unknown, Helena's romantic letters to Ruland survive. After her mother discovered the flirtations, in 1863, she dismissed Ruland, who returned to his native Germany. Three years later, on 5 July 1866, Helena married the impoverished Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein. The couple remained in Britain, in calling distance of the queen, who liked to have her daughters nearby. Helena, along with her youngest sister, Princess Beatrice, became the queen's unofficial secretary. However, after Queen Victoria's death on 22 January 1901, Helena saw relatively little of her surviving siblings. Helena was the most active member of the royal family, carrying out an extensive programme of royal engagements. She was also an active patron of charities, and was one of the founding members of the British Red Cross. She was founding president of the Royal School of Needlework, and president of the Workhouse Infirmary Nursing Association and the Royal British Nurses' Association. As president of the latter, she was a strong supporter of nurse registration against the advice of Florence Nightingale. In 1916 she became the first member of her family to celebrate her 50th wedding anniversary, but her husband died a year later. Helena outlived him by six years, dying aged 77 in 1923. (en)
Putri Helena; Putri Christian dari Schleswig-Holstein 25 Mei 1846 – 9 Juni 1923 adalah anak kelima dan putri ketiga dari Ratu Victoria dan Pangeran Albert. (in)
La principessa Elena del Regno Unito (GBE, RRC, DStJ, VA, CI Helena Augusta Victoria, principessa Cristiano di Schleswig-Holstein per matrimonio, poi dal 1917 principessa Cristiano; Londra, 25 maggio 1846 – Londra, 9 giugno 1923) fu una principessa membro della Famiglia reale britannica terza figlia e quinta fra i figli della regina Vittoria del Regno Unito e di Alberto di Sassonia-Coburgo-Gotha, principe consorte. In famiglia, Elena veniva chiamata "Lenchen". Elena fu educata da insegnanti privati scelti da suo padre e dal suo consigliere e amico il Barone Stockmar. Trascorse la sua infanzia insieme ai genitori, viaggiando tra le varie residenze del Regno Unito. L'atmosfera intima della corte reale terminò il 14 dicembre 1861 quando suo padre morì e sua madre cominciò un periodo di lutto stretto. Al principio del decennio del 1860, Elena ebbe un flirt con il bibliotecario tedesco del principe Alberto, Carl Ruland. Sebbene la natura del rapporto è in gran parte sconosciuta, le lettere romantiche di Elena a Ruland sopravvissero. Quando la regina Vittoria scoprì il loro rapporto nel 1863, licenziò Ruland che ritornò nella sua nativa Germania. Tre anni dopo, il 5 luglio 1866, Elena sposò il decaduto principe tedesco Cristiano di Schleswig-Holstein. La coppia rimase in Gran Bretagna, su richiesta della Regina, a cui piaceva avere le figlie accanto, così Elena con la sorella più piccola, la principessa Beatrice, divenne segretario non ufficiale della Sovrana. Dopo la morte della regina Vittoria il 22 gennaio 1901, Elena vide relativamente poco i suoi fratelli ancora in vita. Elena era il membro più attivo della famiglia reale, realizzando un ampio programma di impegni che la videro coinvolta a dispetto del fatto che a quel tempo i membri della famiglia reale non apparivano spesso in pubblico. Fu una mecenate attiva degli enti di beneficenza e uno dei membri fondatori della Croce Rossa britannica. Fu presidente e fondatore della Scuola Reale di Ricamo e presidente dell'Associazione Reale Britannica delle Infermiere e in questa veste sostenne tenacemente la creazione dell'albo delle infermiere contro il parere di Florence Nightingale. Fu il primo membro Casa Reale a festeggiare il suo 50º anniversario di nozze nel 1916, ma suo marito morì l'anno successivo. Elena gli sopravvisse per sei anni e morì all'età di 77 anni a il 9 giugno 1923. (it)
ヘレナ・オブ・ザ・ユナイテッド・キングダム王女（Princess Helena of the United Kingdom, 1846年5月25日 - 1923年6月9日）は、イギリス女王ヴィクトリアと王配アルバートの第3王女。 (ja)
영국 공주 헬레나(Helena Augusta Victoria, 1846년 5월 25일 ~ 1923년 6월 9일)는 작센코부르크고타의 앨버트와 빅토리아 사이에서 태어난 삼녀로 태어났다. 덴마크의 왕가인 슐레스비히홀슈타인존더부르크글뤽스부르크 왕가의 친척뻘인 의 삼남 와 혼인하였다. 제1차 세계 대전으로 반독일감정이 형성되자, 남편과 함께 슐레스비히홀슈타인에서의 모든 권리를 포기하였다. (ko)
Prinses Helena Augusta Victoria van het Verenigd Koninkrijk (Buckingham Palace, Londen, 25 mei 1846 – Schomberg House, Londen, 9 juni 1923), was een prinses van het Verenigd Koninkrijk. Ze was de derde dochter en het vijfde kind van koningin Victoria en prins-gemaal Albert van Saksen-Coburg en Gotha. Ze was daardoor een lid van het Brits Koninklijk huis. Helena werd opgevoed en kreeg haar opleiding van privéleraren uitgekozen door haar vader en diens goede vriend en adviseur, Baron Stockmar. Haar jeugd bracht ze door met haar ouders, en het reizen tussen de verschillende koninklijke residenties in Groot-Brittannië. De intieme sfeer aan het koninklijk hof kwam aan een einde op 14 december 1861, toen haar vader stierf, en de koninklijke familie in een periode van intense rouw terechtkwam. In het begin van de jaren 60 van de 19e eeuw, had Helena een flirt met Carl Ruland, de bibliothecaris van prins Albert. Ook al is de relatie altijd stilgehouden, de brieven die Helena naar Ruland schreef zijn bewaard gebleven. In 1863 kwam koningin Victoria achter deze affaire, daardoor moest Ruland het hof verlaten en keerde hij terug naar Duitsland. Drie jaar later op 5 juli 1866 huwde Helena met de verpauperde Duitser Christiaan van Sleeswijk-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg. Het koppel bleef in Groot-Brittannië wonen, dicht bij haar moeder de koningin. Dit kwam doordat Victoria graag haar dochters in de buurt wilde houden. Samen met haar jongere zus Beatrice, werd ze later een onofficiële secretaresse van de koningin. Hoe dan ook, na de dood van koningin Victoria op 22 januari 1901, zag ze weinig van haar nog levende broers en zussen. Helena was het meest actieve lid van de koninklijke familie, ze was druk met het uitvoeren van vele taken van de familie, ze had een uitgebreid programma van koninklijke verplichtingen in een tijd waarin er niet werd verwacht dat de koninklijke familie vaak in de openbaarheid verscheen. (nl)
Helena, właśc. Helena Augusta Victoria (ur. 25 maja 1846 w Londynie, zm. 9 czerwca 1923 tamże) – księżniczka Zjednoczonego Królestwa, księżna Szlezwika-Holsztynu. (pl)
Helena Augusta Vitória (em inglês: Helena Augusta Victoria; Londres, 25 de maio de 1846 – Londres, 9 de junho de 1923), foi a quinta filha, a terceira menina, da rainha Vitória do Reino Unido e de seu marido o príncipe Alberto de Saxe-Coburgo-Gota. Helena foi educada por professores particulares escolhidos por seu pai e por seu amigo e conselheiro o barão Christian Friedrich von Stockmar. Ela passou sua infância com os pais, viajando entre as várias residências reais. A atmosfera íntima da corte terminou abruptamente em dezembro de 1861 com a morte do príncipe Alberto, fazendo com que Vitória entrasse em um período de profundo luto. A princesa começou a flertar durante o início da década de 1860 com Carl Ruland, o bibliotecário germânico de seu pai. Apesar de ser desconhecida a verdadeira natureza da relação, existem algumas cartas românticas entre os dois. A rainha dispensou Ruland em 1863 ao descobrir sobre o caso. Helena se casou três anos depois em julho de 1866 com o empobrecido príncipe germânico Cristiano de Eslésvico-Holsácia. O casal ficou vivendo no Reino Unido, próximos da rainha, que gostava de manter suas filhas por perto. Helena e sua irmã mais nova a princesa Beatriz tornaram-se as secretárias extraoficiais de Vitória. Após a morte da mãe em janeiro de 1901, a princesa viu poucas vezes seus irmãos ainda vivos. Helena era o membro mais ativo da família real, realizando um extenso programa do compromissos durante uma época em que não esperado que a realeza aparecesse em público. Era também uma ativa patrona de organizações de caridade, sendo a presidente fundadora da Escola Real de Costura e presidente da Associação Real das Enfermeiras Britânicas. Como presidente da segunda, foi uma grande apoiadora do registro de enfermeiras. A princesa se tornou o primeiro membro da família real a celebrar um aniversário de cinquenta anos de casamento, porém seu marido morreu um ano depois em 1917. Helena viveu por mais seis anos e morreu em junho de 1923. (pt)
Helena av Storbritannien, född 25 maj 1846, död 9 juni 1923, var en brittisk prinsessa, dotter till Viktoria I av Storbritannien och Albert av Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha. Hon var en av Röda korsets grundare i Storbritannien och var president vid Royal School of Needlework och Royal British Nurses' Association och stödde registrering av sjuksköterskor mot Florence Nightingales förslag. Helena var den mest aktiva medlemmen i den brittiska kungafamiljen, utförde många representationsuppdrag och var engagerad i många projekt. Hon var från 1871 till 1901 moderns assisterande sekreterare, under sin syster Beatrice. (sv)
海伦娜公主，全名海伦娜·奥古斯塔·维多利亚（英語：Helena Augusta Victoria，1846年5月25日－1923年6月9日），是维多利亚女王与及阿尔伯特亲王的第五个孩子，也是第三个女儿。海伦娜公主嫁给了石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因-宗德堡-奥古斯腾堡公爵的次子。 (zh)
Еле́на Великобрита́нская (англ. Helena of the United Kingdom), также Еле́на Са́ксен-Ко́бург-Го́тская (англ. Helena of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha; 25 мая 1846, Лондон — 9 июня 1923, там же) — третья дочь британской королевы Виктории и её супруга Альберта Саксен-Кобург-Готского; в замужестве — принцесса Шлезвиг-Гольштейнская. Елена была воспитана частными наставниками, выбранными её отцом и его близким другом и советником бароном Стокмаром. Своё детство она провела с родителями, путешествуя по многочисленным королевским резиденциям Великобритании. Тёплая семейная атмосфера королевского двора исчезла в 1861 году со смертью её отца принца Альберта, когда королева Виктория начала период интенсивного траура. В начале 1860-х годов у принцессы завязались романтические отношения с Карлом Руландом, немецким библиотекарем принца Альберта. После того, как королева узнала об этих отношениях, в 1863 году она отказала Руланду в месте, и Руланд вернулся на родину в Германию. Три года спустя Елена вышла замуж за обедневшего немецкого принца Кристиана Шлезвиг-Гольштейнского. Пара осталась жить в Великобритании, и Елена вместе со своей младшей сестрой Беатрисой стала неофициальным секретарём королевы. Однако после смерти матери в 1901 году Елена мало виделась с братьями и сёстрами. Елена была наиболее активным членом королевской семьи, исполняя обширные королевские обязательства. Она была активным патроном благотворительных учреждений и одним из членов-учредителей награды «Королевского Красного креста», основала Королевскую школу рукоделия, а также была президентом Королевской ассоциации британских медсестёр. Елена стала первым членом королевской семьи, отпраздновавшим золотую свадьбу, однако, её муж умер всего год спустя. Елена пережила его на шесть лет и умерла в июне 1923 года в возрасте 77 лет. (ru)
Єлена Августа Вікторія Великобританська (англ. Helena Augusta Victoria of the United Kingdom), також Єлена Саксен-Кобург-Готська (англ. Helena of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha), (нар. 25 травня 1846 — пом. 9 червня 1923) — британська принцеса з Саксен-Кобург-Готської династії, донька королеви Великої Британії Вікторії та принца-консорта Альберта Саксен-Кобург-Готського, дружина принца Шлезвіг-Гольштейнського Крістіана. Перекладачка. Дама кількох орденів. (uk)
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Princess Helena of the United Kingdom, Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
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by Scott Mehl © Unofficial Royalty 2015 Princess Helena was the fifth child, and third daughter, of Queen Victoria of The United Kingdom and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. She was born at…
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by Scott Mehl © Unofficial Royalty 2015
Princess Helena was the fifth child, and third daughter, of Queen Victoria of The United Kingdom and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. She was born at Buckingham Palace in London, England on May 25, 1846. Two months later, on July 25, 1846 she was christened in the Private Chapel at Buckingham Palace with the names Helena Augusta Victoria. Her godparents were:
Friedrich Wilhelm, Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (the future Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, husband of Queen Victoria’s cousin, Princess Augusta of Cambridge)
The Duchess of Orléans (born Helene of Mecklenburg-Schwerin)
The Duchess of Cambridge (her great aunt by marriage, born Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel)
Helena had eight siblings:
Victoria, Princess Royal (1840-1901) married Friedrich III, German Emperor and King of Prussia, had four sons and four daughters
King Edward VII of the United Kingdom (1841-1910) married Princess Alexandra of Denmark, had 2 sons and 3 daughters
Princess Alice (1843-1878) married Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, had two sons and five daughters
Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1844-1900) married Grand Duchess Marie Alexandrovna of Russia, had one son and four daughters
Princess Louise (1848-1939) married John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne, 9th Duke of Argyll (1845-1914); no children
Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught (1850-1942) married Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia, had one son and two daughters
Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany (1853-1884) married Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont, had one son and one daughter
Princess Beatrice (1857-1944) married Prince Henry of Battenberg, had three sons and one daughter
Known within the family as Lenchen, Helena’s childhood was spent at her mother’s various homes, in the care of nurses and nannies. An accomplished artist and pianist from a young age, she was often overshadowed in life by her siblings. She was closest to her brother Alfred, and the two remained so for their entire lives. Helena’s life would change drastically in 1861, with the death of her beloved father. She began helping her sister Alice who became an unofficial secretary to their mother. After Alice’s marriage, Helena would continue in this role, along with her younger sister Louise, before the role was primarily taken by her youngest sister, Beatrice.
Helena had a brief romance with Carl Ruland, who had served as her father’s librarian. Of course, when Queen Victoria discovered her daughter’s interest in one of the servants, Ruland was quickly dispatched back to Germany. Victoria then began a quest to find Helena an appropriate husband. It was in May 1865 while visiting Coburg that Helena met her future husband, Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, the son of Christian August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg, and Countess Louise Sophie af Danneskiold-Samsøe. After receiving formal consent from Queen Victoria and agreeing that they would live in the United Kingdom, their engagement was announced on December 5, 1865. As she had done with her other children, Queen Victoria arranged for Parliament to grant Helena an annuity of £6000 per year and a £30,000 dower. She also personally gave the couple £100,000, which provided them an income of about £4000 per year.
The engagement was not met with unanimous approval within the royal family. The Princess of Wales (formerly Princess Alexandra of Denmark) could not countenance a marriage to someone who, she felt, took the Schleswig and Holstein duchies away from her father King Christian IX of Denmark. The Prince of Wales supported his wife in this. Another of Helena’s sisters, Alice, disapproved as she felt her mother was pushing Helena into this marriage to ensure that Helena would remain near her side. The fact that Christian was fifteen years older than Helena certainly did not help that suggestion. However, Helena was truly in love with Christian and was determined to marry him for her own happiness.
Despite the misgivings of some of her siblings, Helena had the full support and blessing of her mother and the wedding went on as planned. Helena and Christian married on July 5, 1866, in the Private Chapel in Windsor Castle in Windsor, England. Following a brief stay at Osborne House, they set off on a honeymoon in Paris, Interlaken, and Genoa.
Unofficial Royalty: Wedding of Princess Helena and Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
Upon returning from their honeymoon, the couple settled at Frogmore House in Windsor, England, and over the next eleven years, had five children:
Prince Christian Victor (1867-1900) – unmarried
Prince Albert, later Duke of Schleswig-Holstein (1869-1931), unmarried, had an illegitimate daughter
Princess Helena Victoria (1870-1948) – unmarried
Princess Marie Louise (1872-1956) – married Prince Aribert of Anhalt (marriage dissolved)), no issue
Prince Harald (born and died1876) – lived 8 days
In 1872, Helena and her family moved from Frogmore House to Cumberland Lodge in Windsor Great Park. Cumberland Lodge was the traditional home of the Ranger of Windsor Great Park, a position to which Prince Christian had been appointed in 1867. She took a very active role in royal duties and engagements when this was not nearly as common as it is today. Helena was very involved in charity work, particularly nursing. She served as president of the Royal British Nurses Association and was one of the founding members of the British Red Cross. She was also the founding president of the Royal School of Needlework.
In the late 1870s, Helena suffered several losses. Her young son, Prince Harald, died just 8 days old in 1876, and the following year she would give birth to a stillborn son. The next year, her sister Alice died from diphtheria. Despite their strained relationship at the time of Helena’s marriage, Helena recognized that Alice was looking out for her happiness, and she was devastated by her death. Helena later wrote a forward for a book of letters from Alice to Queen Victoria. The second edition, published in 1885, was titled “Memories of Princess Alice by her Sister, Princess Christian.”
More tragedy would come at the turn of the century. Her favorite brother Alfred died in July 1900, and in October, her oldest son, Christian Victor, died of malaria in South Africa while serving in the Boer War. The year 1901 would bring the death of her mother Queen Victoria and eldest sister Victoria, The Dowager German Empress.
Following Queen Victoria’s death, Helena continued to support the monarchy, although she was not very close with her brother King Edward VII. With King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra now residing at Buckingham Palace, Helena needed a new home in London. Unlike many of her siblings, Helena did not have a separate London home and stayed in the Belgian Suite at Buckingham Palace when she was in London. In August 1902, King Edward VII gave her use of the former De Vesci House at 77-78 Pall Mall in London, England, which had recently been given to the Crown. It soon became known as Schomberg House, and Helena would live there for the rest of her life. Schomberg House would then become the home of Helena’s two daughters until 1947.
Helena and Christian celebrated their 50th wedding anniversary in 1916, the first in the family since King George III and Queen Charlotte in 1811. In July 1917, Helena’s nephew King George V asked his family to relinquish their German titles. Helena’s family dropped the ‘of Schleswig-Holstein’ designation from their titles, and Helena officially became just Princess Christian. Unofficially, she was most often known simply as Princess Helena. Just a few months later, on October 8, 1917, Helena’s husband died at Schomberg House.
Princess Helena died on June 9, 1923, at Schomberg House in London, England at the age of 77. She was survived by three of her children and three of her siblings. Following her funeral on June 15, 1923, held at St George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle in Windsor, England, she was interred in the Royal Crypt at St. George’s Chapel. In 1928, her remains, along with those of her husband and son Harald were moved to the newly established Royal Burial Ground at Frogmore in Windsor, England.
This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.
Recommended Books:
Helena: A Princess Reclaimed – S. Chomet
Helena: Queen Victoria’s Third Daughter – John Van der Kiste and Bee Jordaan
Queen Victoria Resources at Unofficial Royalty
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NineteenTeen: Victoria’s Children, Part 5: Princess Helena
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I tend to think of Princess Helena as the forgotten child of Victoria. Both her older and younger sisters had higher public profiles because...
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https://henrypoole.com/individual/hrh-princess-christian-schleswig-holstein/
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HRH Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
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2014-04-16T14:52:06+00:00
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Born Princess Helena and the third daughter of Queen Victoria and her consort Prince Albert, Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein (1846-1923)
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Henry Poole Savile Row
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https://henrypoole.com/individual/hrh-princess-christian-schleswig-holstein/
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Born Princess Helena and the third daughter of Queen Victoria and her consort Prince Albert, Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein (1846-1923) controversially married her impoverished German Prince in 1866 despite strong opposition from the Danish-born Princess of Wales, Alexandra, who insisted the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein belonged to the country of her birth. History would thwart both princesses when Prussia invaded and annexed both territories.
Princess Helena was born and christened at Buckingham Palace. Prince Albert devised a private system of educating his royal children – male and female – with the aid of his mentor Baron Stockmar that was as rigorous as it was draconian. After Prince Albert’s death in 1861, Princess Helena professed herself distraught writing ‘our grief is most, most bitter…his word was a most sacred law and he was my help and advisor’.
This slightly overwrought, sentimental tone may have been a manifestation of her mother The Queen’s cult of mourning and deifying the patriarch of the family. Prince Albert never made a secret that his eldest daughter the Crown Princess Frederick was his favourite. In the year of her father’s death, Princess Helena formed a passion for Prince Albert’s German librarian Carl Rutland. When The Queen found out she sent Rutland back from whence he came and set Princess Helena to work as her secretary.
Queen Victoria’s daughters Princess Alice and Princess Louise partially escaped their mother’s influence by marrying. Princess Helena was not so fortunate. Because Prince Christian was relatively poor, a condition for the marriage was that he would come and live in England close to Queen Victoria’s court. To add insult to injury, it was Princess Beatrice the youngest sister who served as The Queen’s principal secretary. Princess Christian as she was now titled was given the less taxing tasks of deputy.
Despite being at the beck and call of Queen Victoria, Princess Christian did pursue a career in patronising worthy causes; some of which did not meet with her mother’s approval. She advocated women’s rights. was President of the Royal British Nurses’ Association and was a founder member of the Red Cross. Princess Christian was also the founding president of the Royal School of Needlework. She undertook more public duties deputising for her mother than all of her female siblings including standing in at Court Drawing Rooms at St James’s Palace.
Princess Christian was not a conventionally pretty woman but her alliance with the Prince – who was fifteen-years her senior – was apparently a happy one. They were devoted to one another and in 1916 Prince and Princess Christian were the first British royal couple to celebrate their Golden Wedding anniversary. Relations between Prince Christian and Princess Alexandra always remained strained however and after Queen Victoria’s death in 1901, Prince and Princess Christian were seldom welcomed to Buckingham Palace, Windsor Castle or Sandringham for private family occasions.
Prince and Princess Christian lived in apartments at Buckingham Palace when in London and at Cumberland Lodge in Richmond Park whenever they had the opportunity to escape official duties. In Queen Victoria’s diaries, she refers to Princess Christian’s hypochondria. It later transpired that the Princess never enjoyed robust health and allegedly took opium and laudanum for chronic arthritis. Perhaps this contributed to her devotion to the nursing profession. When Princess Alexandra became queen she dealt Princess Christian the cruellest blow by insisting on replacing her as the patron of the Royal British Nurses’ Association.
Prince Christian died in 1917, a year after Kaiser Wilhelm II (with whom Britain was at war) had sent a telegram of congratulations to he and the Princess for their Golden Wedding anniversary. Despite repeated attempts to evict the widowed Princess Christian, she lived on at Cumberland Lodge and in Schomberg House on Pall Mall (a magnificent Carolean mansion whose façade still stands). Princess Christian is buried in the Royal Mausoleum in Frogmore on the Windsor estate.
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https://www.alamy.com/the-marriage-of-princess-helena-with-prince-christian-of-schleswig-holstein-in-the-private-chapel-windsor-july-5-1866-1901-princess-helena-1846-1923-daughter-of-queen-victoria-married-prince-christian-of-schleswig-holstein-1831-1917-at-windsor-castle-in-berkshire-from-quotthe-illustrated-london-news-record-of-the-glorious-reign-of-queen-victoria-1837-1901-the-life-and-accession-of-king-edward-vii-and-the-life-of-queen-alexandraquot-london-1901-image262333221.html
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1917) at Windsor Castle in Berkshire. From "The Illustrated London News Record of the Glorious Reign of Queen Victoria 1837
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Download this stock image: 'The Marriage of Princess Helena with Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein in the Private Chapel, Windsor, July 5, 1866', (1901). Princess Helena (1846-1923), daughter of Queen Victoria, married Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein (1831-1917) at Windsor Castle in Berkshire. From "The Illustrated London News Record of the Glorious Reign of Queen Victoria 1837-1901: The Life and Accession of King Edward VII. and the Life of Queen Alexandra". [London, 1901] - W6P8KH from Alamy's library of millions of high resolution stock photos, illustrations and vectors.
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'The Marriage of Princess Helena with Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein in the Private Chapel, Windsor, July 5, 1866', (1901). Princess Helena (1846-1923), daughter of Queen Victoria, married Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein (1831-1917) at Windsor Castle in Berkshire. From "The Illustrated London News Record of the Glorious Reign of Queen Victoria 1837-1901: The Life and Accession of King Edward VII. and the Life of Queen Alexandra". [London, 1901]
Captions are provided by our contributors.
RMID:Image ID :W6P8KH
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The Print Collector / Alamy Stock Photo
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https://kingsqueensandallthat.com/2018/12/16/queen-victorias-children-princess-helena/
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Queen Victoria’s Children: Princess Helena
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2018-12-16T00:00:00
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Full Name: Helena Augusta Victoria Born: 25th May 1846 Married: Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein Died: 9th June 1923 Buried: St George's Chapel, Windsor Princess Helena was born at Buckingham Palace the day after her mother's 27th Birthday. She was the third daughter and fifth child of Prince Albert and Queen Victoria and her labour…
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https://s1.wp.com/i/favicon.ico
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Kings, Queens and All That...
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https://kingsqueensandallthat.com/2018/12/16/queen-victorias-children-princess-helena/
|
Full Name: Helena Augusta Victoria
Born: 25th May 1846
Married: Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
Died: 9th June 1923
Buried: St George’s Chapel, Windsor
Princess Helena was born at Buckingham Palace the day after her mother’s 27th Birthday. She was the third daughter and fifth child of Prince Albert and Queen Victoria and her labour was difficult for the Queen who took several months to recover. As a child, Helena was outgoing and mischievous especially with her siblings. Her talent with art and needle work was demonstrated at a young age, and she went on to pursue later in life.
Like her sister Alice, Helena was interested in nursing and caring for others. This became apparent in 1861 when her father died suddenly at the age of 62. However Helena had struggled with her emotions and found seeing her father so ill made her so upset. Only after Alice married and moved abroad was Helena able to shine showing her organisation skills in assisting her mother with her daily duties and letter writing. In 1863, the Queen began to make enquiries for Helena to marry. This came after a scandal involving Helena and Carl Ruland, the librarian for the royal household. It appear Helena had developed a strong attachment to Carl, and once the Queen was aware he was immediately removed.
In May 1865 while visiting the father’s hometown of Coburg, Helena met her future husband. Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein who was a minor Prince of Danish origin residing in pre-unified Germany. He was 15 years older than Helena yet this was not the only controversy. Politically the match was difficult owing to duchies of Schleswig and Holstein having previously been part of Denmark which was the former home of Alexandra, the Princess of Wales. The wars over this land had only just ended and therefore was a major area of contention within the royal family. Queen Victoria was happy with the match as Prince Christian had agreed to move to Britain. The couple were wed at Windsor in July 1866, with the Queen giving her away. Helena’s wedding dress was covered with Australian lace, Ivy and roses. Having previously been described as ‘dowdy’ and unlucky with her looks, her wedding day saw her transform to look like an actual princess.
Once the newlyweds returned from their honeymoon, they moved to Cumberland Lodge at Windsor. Unlike some of her siblings marriages, Helena’s was a happy one. They had six children, however the last two died in infancy. She was a doting mother and dutiful in her royal role, assisting her mother with daily tasks including letter and diary writing. Like her elder sister Alice, Helena took a keen interest in nursing. She was the founding Chair of the Ladies Committee of the British Red Cross and was heavily involved in helping with supplies during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870. She later became the President of the British Nurses Association and the Army Nursing Services, however once her brother Bertie became King, his wife Alexandra felt she should be President.
Helena health often caused her problems and she suffered from severe pain in her joints and became addicted to opium. Despite this, she lived long than many of her siblings and died in 1923 at the age of 77. Her devotion to nursing and promoting nursing registration remains part of her lasting legacy.
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Royal Guests at the Wedding of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark
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2022-11-20T00:00:00
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Today marks the 75th Anniversary of the Wedding of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Phillip of Greece, the Duke of Edinburgh, who got married on this day in 1947! The British Heiress marrying the Greek Prince, Royal Guests and Relatives from around the world joined the British Royal Family for the nuptials which were the
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en
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The Royal Watcher -
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https://royalwatcherblog.com/2022/11/20/royal-guests-at-the-wedding-of-queen-elizabeth-ii-and-prince-philip-of-greece-and-denmark/
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Today marks the 75th Anniversary of the Wedding of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Phillip of Greece, the Duke of Edinburgh, who got married on this day in 1947! The British Heiress marrying the Greek Prince, Royal Guests and Relatives from around the world joined the British Royal Family for the nuptials which were the first gathering of Royalty following the Second World War, so we are featuring a guide to the Royal Guests at the Wedding!
Wedding | Wedding Ball | Silver Wedding Anniversary | Golden Wedding Anniversary | Diamond Wedding Anniversary | 70th Wedding Anniversary | Wedding Gifts
Embed from Getty Images
Embed from Getty Images
Six Kings and Eight Queens were among the Royal Guests and Relatives at the Wedding of the British Heiress (wearing Queen Mary’s Fringe Tiara [which snapped that morning and had to be hastily fixed], the Queen Anne and Queen Caroline Pearl Necklaces [that had to be fetched from St James’ Palace], and the Duchess of Teck’s Pearl Earrings) to the Greek Prince (in the Order of the Garter and the Greek Order of the Redeemer), which were the first gathering of Royalty following the Second World War, and followed two Balls at Buckingham Palace. This was the largest gathering of Royalty in London until the Wedding of the Prince of Wales and Lady Diana Spencer in 1981.
Embed from Getty Images
The Princess’ Family were led by King George VI and Queen Elizabeth (wearing Queen Alexandra’s Wedding Necklace) along with Princess Margaret and her grandmother, Queen Mary (in the Cullinan Diamonds) . Her uncle, the Duke of Gloucester, and aunts, the Duchess of Gloucester (in her Diamond Knot Brooch) and Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent (wearing her Diamond Bow Brooch), were present, while the Duke of Windsor was not invited and Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood had been recently widowed.
Cousins included the Duke of Kent, Prince William (pageboy) and Prince Richard of Gloucester, Princess Alexandra (bridesmaid) and Prince Michael of Kent (pageboy), and the Earl of Harewood, while extended members of the Royal Family were represented by the Earl and Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone, Lady Patricia Ramsay (in the Connaught Diamond Bow Brooch), Princess Helena Victoria, Princess Marie Louise, Duchess and Duke of Beaufort, the Marquess and Marchioness of Cambridge, and the Earl of Southesk. The Bowes-Lyon Family was represented by the Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, The Countess and Earl Granville, Lady and Lord Elphinstone, The Hon. Margaret Elphinstone (bridesmaid), Viscountess Anson, The Hon. Mr. and Mrs. David Bowes-Lyon, The Hon. Mr. and Mrs. Michael Bowes-Lyon, and the The Hon. Mrs. John Bowes-Lyon.
Embed from Getty Images
Prince Philip’s Family was led by his mother Princess Alice of Greece (wearing the Order of Saints Olga and Sophia and the Royal Red Cross), though his three surviving sisters: Princess Margarita of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, Princess Theodora, Margravine of Baden, and Princess Sophie of Greece and Hanover were not invited due to their German Princely husbands.
The maternal side of his family were led by his grandmother Princess Victoria, Marchioness of Milford Haven, along with Crown Prince Gustaf Adolf and Crown Princess Louise of Sweden, the Marquess (the Best Man) and the Dowager Marchioness of Milford Haven, Governor General Earl Mountbatten and Countess Mountbatten, Baron and Baroness Brabourne, and Lady Pamela Mountbatten (bridesmaid).
The Greek Royal Family was led by Queen Frederica of Greece (wearing the Greek Emerald Parure and Queen Olga’s Diamond Rivière), along with the groom’s uncle, Prince George, his wife, Princess Marie Bonaparte (in Queen Olga’s Pearl Corsage Brooch), and their daughter, Princess Eugenie. Also present was the groom’s cousin, Princess Katherine of Greece.
Embed from Getty Images
Embed from Getty Images
King Haakon VII of Norway was the bride’s great-uncle and the first cousin of the groom’s father, so took a leading role, along with his nephew, King Frederik IX, and Queen Ingrid of Denmark (wearing the Antique Diamond Earrings) who were also related to both the Princess and the groom.
King Michael of Romania was present along with Queen Mother Helen of Romania and her sister Princess Irene, Duchess of Aosta (wearing Queen Helen’s Russian Sapphire Brooch), both of whom were first cousins of Prince Philip and also related to the Princess.
Queen Victoria Eugenie of Spain (in the Joyas de Pasar Pearls, the Order of Queen Maria Luisa, and the Royal Order of Victoria and Albert) was a first cousin of the groom’s mother and a granddaughter of Queen Victoria, present with the Count and Countess of Barcelona.
King Peter II of Yugoslavia was a godson of King George VI, while his wife, Queen Alexandra (wearing the Royal Order of the Star of Karađorđe) was a cousin of Prince Phillip. The King’s brothers, Prince Tomislav and Prince Andrej were also in attendance.
Embed from Getty Images
Crown Princess Juliana and Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands were not closely related to the bride nor the groom, but close friends of the Royal Family. Hereditary Grand Duke Jean of Luxembourg attended with his sister, Princess Elisabeth. King Faisal II of Iraq was also present along with the Prince Regent of Belgium.
Princess Margaretha of Sweden and Denmark, closely related to Prince Phillip, was present along with her sons; Prince George of Denmark and Prince Flemming Valdemar.
Prince René of Bourbon-Parma was present along with his wife, Princess Margaret of Denmark, their son Prince Michel, and daughter, Princess Anne, who met and fell in love with King Michael of Romania at a reception given by her cousin, Grand Duke Jean of Luxembourg, while in London. The two got married the following year.
The Bridal Party comprised of the Best Man, the Marquess of Milford Haven, and eight bridesmaids; Princess Margaret, Princess Alexandra of Kent, Lady Caroline Montagu-Douglas-Scott, Lady Mary Cambridge, Lady Elizabeth Lambart, Lady Pamela Mountbatten, The Hon. Margaret Elphinstone, and Diana Bowes-Lyon. Prince William of Gloucester and Prince Michael of Kent served as page boys
Embed from Getty Images
Wedding | Wedding Ball | Silver Wedding Anniversary | Golden Wedding Anniversary | Diamond Wedding Anniversary | 70th Wedding Anniversary
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"Niall Cullen"
] |
2024-03-15T00:00:00
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Let's take a closer look at the ancestry of King Charles III and the British royal family tree.
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/favicon.ico
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https://www.findmypast.com/blog/family-tree/royal-family-tree
|
Romance, scandal, tragedy... the history of the royal family has seen it all. How well do you know each of King Charles III's ancestors and descendants? We’ve built the royal family tree to give you all the facts you need on the monarchy, including who’s related to who and the stories that they'll be remembered for.
Our interactive example shows you all the nifty features available on Findmypast's family tree builder. It's perfect for having a tinker before you start your own family tree with us.
There's no denying that certain individuals on the British royal family's tree led privileged but dramatic lives, during the 70-year reign of Queen Elizabeth II and beyond. You only have to binge-watch a season of The Crown to realize that.
Despite the family's long and eventful history, some of the most memorable royal stories have come in recent times. So, who is King Charles' immediate and extended family?
The royal family tree
Have you ever wondered who Prince Michael of Kent is, or perhaps who Prince Edward is married to? Before we look back at the ancestors in King Charles' family tree, let's first unravel his modern family ties.
King Charles III's family. Explore in detail.
As Netflix'sThe Crown proves, life was far from straightforward for Charles and other members of the royal family. Let's start with Charles himself, before turning to look at his immediate family members.
King Charles III, formerly Prince Charles
King Charles III took the throne after Queen Elizabeth's passing in 2022, and is arguably one of the most divisive members of the British Royal Family. On the one hand, he’s widely praised by the public for his ongoing community work and sense of duty. However, his troubled first marriage to the ever-popular Princess Diana has also led to criticism from some.
Charles married his longtime companion Camilla Parker Bowles in 2005. He is grandfather to some of the newest additions to the royal family tree, Prince Harry and Meghan Markle's children, Archie Harrison Mountbatten-Windsor and Lilibet Diana Mountbatten-Windsor.
Prince William
William is King Charles III's eldest son and heir to the British throne. From tragedy in his early life with the death of his mother in 1997, William now has his own family - he married Catherine (known as Kate) Middleton in a highly publicized ceremony in 2011. The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge have three children together.
Prince Harry
Prince Harry is fifth in the line of succession to the British throne. He is known for launching the Invictus Games and serving in the army for a decade, during which time he was stationed in Afghanistan.
He married American actress Megan Markle in 2018, and the couple has two children. His 2023 tell-all biography sent shockwaves through British society.
Queen Elizabeth II
We can't think about King Charles, or indeed the British royal family, without thinking of Queen Elizabeth II. The nation's longest reigning monarch served on the throne from 1952 until her death on 8 September 2022, aged an impressive 96. She was married to Prince Philip for the entirety of this long period.
Prince Philip
Prince Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh, stood dutifully by the Queen’s side from when they married in 1947 until he died in 2021. He was actually born in Greece but his family was exiled from there while he was a young child. A Second World War veteran, at his death Philip was the oldest-ever male member of the British Monarchy.
Princess Margaret
Queen Elizabeth’s only sibling, and Charles' aunt, led quite a colourful life. After a controversial relationship with Captain Peter Townsend, she married photographer Antony Armstrong-Jones in 1960. The marriage fell apart in 1978 amid rumours of Margaret’s extra-marital affairs. A heavy smoker, much of Margaret's later years were dogged by ill health.
Princess Anne
King Charles' younger sister Princess Anne was once second in line to the throne. But, as the Royal family has grown, she has been pushed further down the accession list. Known for her equestrian skills, she was the first member of the British Monarchy to compete at the Olympics. She’s been married twice, divorced once and even subjected to a kidnapping attempt in the 1970s.
Prince Andrew
Prince Andrew, the Duke of York, saw active military service during the Falklands War. In more recent times, he’s been at the centre of controversy surrounding his longstanding friendship with Jeffrey Epstein, a convicted sex offender.
Prince Edward
The youngest of the Queen’s four children took on many of his father’s official duties when Prince Philip retired in 2017. Early in life, he dropped out of the military to pursue a career in entertainment, eventually establishing a now-defunct TV production company.
Charles III's extended family
King Charles III's family tree is a large and sprawling one. In addition to his two children, he has six nieces and nephews.
Peter Phillips, born in 1977 to parents Princess Anne and Captain Mark Phillips. Mark married Autumn Kelly in 2008 and was divorced in 2021.
Zara Tindall, born in 1981 to parents Princess Anne and Captain Mark Phillips. Zara married Mike Tindall in 2011.
Princess Beatrice, born in 1988 to parents Prince Andrew and Sarah Ferguson. Beatrice married Edoardo Mapelli Mozzi in 2020.
Princess Eugenie, born in 1990 to parents Prince Andrew and Sarah Ferguson. Eugenie married Jack Brooksbank in 2018.
Lady Louise Windsor, born in 2003 to parents Prince Edward and Sophie, Countess of Wessex.
James, Viscount Severn, born in 2007 to parents Prince Edward and Sophie, Countess of Wessex.
Charles has five grandchildren, in addition to seven great-nieces and nephews.
We can also understand King Charles III's family tree by looking further back at his great-aunts, great-uncles, cousins and other more distant relations.
King Charles III has 22 first cousins, including Princess Margarita of Baden and Lady Sarah Chatto. While his mother Queen Elizabeth had just one sibling (Princess Margaret), his father had four older sisters - all princesses of Greece and Denmark.
Let's dig a little deeper into the King's direct ancestry, focusing on his maternal line and stretching back five generations into the early 1800s.
King George VI
Charles was born during the reign of his maternal grandfather, King George VI. George reigned from 1936 until his death in 1952. He served in the military during the First World War and was seen as a popular symbol of British resilience while he reigned throughout the Second World War.
George never expected to become King - he only ascended the throne after his elder brother, King Edward VIII, abdicated to marry Wallis Simpson.
The Queen Mother
Born Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon, most of us know King Charles III's maternal grandmother as The Queen Mother. Seen by many as the matriarch of the modern royals, The Queen Mother was a consistently popular member of the British Monarchy throughout her life. She was 101 years old when she died, just a few weeks after her daughter, Princess Margaret.
King George V
Charles' maternal great-grandfather reigned as King from 1910 until 1936. His time on the throne was set against the backdrop of a series of world-changing events including the First World War, the suffrage movement, and the rise of fascism. George V was the first monarch of the House of Windsor.
Queen Mary
It’s easy to see why Mary of Teck (Charles' great-grandmother) carried such a shortened title. Her full name is a real mouthful - Victoria Mary Augusta Louise Olga Pauline Claudine Agnes. Yet, her family simply knew her as ‘May’.
Before she married George V, Mary was actually engaged to his elder brother, Prince Albert Victor, but he died unexpectedly before they could marry. The queen consort's death came just a few weeks before her granddaughter, Queen Elizabeth II was crowned.
Claude Bowes-Lyon
The Queen Mother's father, and Charles' great-grandfather, was 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, a.k.a. Lord Glamis. He owned large estates in England and Scotland and enjoyed working on his land. His younger brother, Patrick, won the Wimbledon doubles tennis tournament in 1887.
Cecilia Cavendish-Bentinck
The Queen’s maternal grandmother and Charles' great-grandmother was the eldest daughter of a reverend. With a preference for a quiet family life, she was known for her outstanding hosting skills, piano playing and keen interest in gardening. In 1938, Cecilia suffered a heart attack during her granddaughter, Anne-Bowes-Lyon’s wedding and died a few weeks later.
King Edward VII
Eldest son of the formidable Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, Edward ascended the throne when his mother died in 1901 and only reigned for nine years. With a reputation as a playboy prince, Edward’s relationship with his mother was sometimes strained. Edward VII is a maternal 2x great-grandfather of King Charles III's, making Queen Victoria his 3x great-grandmother.
Queen Alexandra of Denmark
1863 was a momentous year for Queen Alexandra and her family. She married Edward VII, her father became King of Denmark and her brother became King of Greece, all within a few months of each other. She held the title of Princess of Wales longer than anyone in history, and much like Princess Diana, who also held that prestigious moniker, Alexandra was admired for her fashion sense.
Francis, Duke of Teck
Francis was Austrian nobility who married into the British Royal Family. He had a distinguished military career in Austria, Germany and Britain. His only daughter, ‘May’ married George V and became Queen Mary in 1893.
Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge
Queen Mary’s mother and Queen Elizabeth II’s paternal great-grandmother was, in many respects, a pioneering member of the British Royal Family. She dedicated much of her life to charity, yet enjoyed an extravagant lifestyle that saw her family rack up crippling debts. Regrettably, Princess Mary didn’t live long enough to see her only daughter become Queen.
Claude Bowes-Lyon
Claude Bowes-Lyon, like his son after him, held the title of Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne. He changed the family name from Lyon-Bowes to Bowes-Lyon and was also a standout cricket player.
Frances Dora Smith
The paternal grandmother of The Queen Mother (and 2x great-grandmother of King Charles) had eleven children and outlived her husband, Claude Bowes-Lyon, by 18 years.
Charles Cavendish-Bentinck
Born: November 8, 1817.
Died: August 17, 1865.
Father: Lord Charles Bentinck.
Mother: Anne Wellesley.
Spouses: Sinetta Lambourne and Caroline Louisa Burnaby.
Children: Charles William, Charles, Cecilia, Ann Violet, and Hyacinth Sinetta.
Siblings: Georgiana, Anne Hyacinthe, Emily, and Arthur.
The Queen Mother’s maternal grandfather was a priest who married twice.
Caroline Louisa Burnaby
Born: December 5, 1832.
Died: July 6, 1918.
Father: Edwyn Burnaby.
Mother: Anne Caroline Salisbury.
Spouses: Charles Cavendish-Bentinck and Harry Warren Scott.
Children: Cecilia, Ann Violet, and Hyacinth Sinetta.
Siblings: Edwyn, Cecilia, Gertrude and Ida.
Like her first husband, Caroline Louisa married twice. She was also widowed twice. Caroline Louisa Burnaby is a maternal great-grandmother of Queen Elizabeth II and 2x great-grandmother to King Charles III.
Have you got royal ancestry?
Discover the records you need to find blue blood in your past and delve into our fascinating Royal Archives records to see if your very own family served the monarchy.
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https://www.meisterdrucke.uk/fine-art-prints/Unbekannt/755586/Marriage-of-Princess-Helena-and-Prince-Christian,-5-July-1866.html
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en
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Marriage of Princess Helena and Prince Christian, 5 July 1866
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Buy Marriage of Princess Helena and Prince Christian, 5 July 1866 by Unbekannt as fine art print. ✓ Perfect reproduction ✓ Top quality
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en
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/favicon.svg
|
MeisterDrucke
|
https://www.meisterdrucke.uk/fine-art-prints/Unbekannt/755586/Marriage-of-Princess-Helena-and-Prince-Christian,-5-July-1866.html
|
(Marriage of Princess Helena and Prince Christian, 5 July 1866 late 19th century)
Unbekannt
Undated · engraving · Picture ID: 755586 Nonclassified artists
Marriage of Princess Helena and Prince Christian, 5 July 1866 by Unbekannt. Available as an art print on canvas, photo paper, watercolor board, uncoated paper or Japanese paper.
germany · building · schleswig-holstein · robert wilson · princess helena of the united kingdom · princess christian of sg-holste · princess christian of schleswig-holstein · wetting · helena augusta victoria · helena augusta victoria · christian · buildings · female · women · woman · people · male · event · family · train · religious · german · country · marriage · religion · monarch · clothes · british · castle · mother · scotland · queen · royal · christianity · wedding · dress · fortification · kilt · motherhood · location · scottish · victorian · century · britain · page · bride · groom · clothing · royalty · princess · bridegroom · lady · windsor castle · bridesmaid · monochrome · prince · vicar · 19th century · black white · black and white · nineteenth century · scots · pageboy · royal event · royal wedding · sovereign · princess helena · engraving · unknown · robert · princess · christian · helena · wilson · The Print Collector/Heritage Images
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http://royal-splendor.blogspot.com/2020/10/prince-christian-of-schleswig-holstein.html
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Holstein: A “Very Remarkable Person”
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[
"HeritageCapiz.org"
] |
2020-10-29T06:00:00+08:00
|
Prince and Princess Christian in 1865. Image from Wikipedia Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein has often been relegated in roya...
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en
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http://royal-splendor.blogspot.com/favicon.ico
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http://royal-splendor.blogspot.com/2020/10/prince-christian-of-schleswig-holstein.html
|
Prince and Princess Christian in 1865. Image from Wikipedia
Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein has often been relegated in royal biographies to a one-sentence description as the unambitious husband of Princess Helena of the United Kingdom who lost an eye during a freak accident.
However, his daughter, Princess Marie Louise, paints a rather different picture of his father – a gentleman full of life who enjoyed sports, gardening, and the outdoors, as much as he relished in his cultural and intellectual pursuits. “He was a very remarkable person: extremely handsome – in fact, I used to call him ‘my old knight’—with a pointed white beard, clear blue eyes, and a very aristocratic face,” wrote Princess Marie Louise in her memoir.
“He was a splendid shot, a very keen horseman, and had a profound knowledge of forestry. In addition to all these outdoor interests, he loved poetry and literature, and I think I must add, en passant, that he know the whole of Gray’s ‘Elegy’ by heart. It was he who taught us and gave me my love for literature.”
From his mother, Countess Louise Sophie of Danneskiold-Samsøe, the prince inherited his interest for gardening and also enjoyed riding, and steeple-chasing. He also took a keen interest in the education of his children, fascinating them with his “wonderful stories and experiences.”
Princess Marie Louise recalled all these in her memoir: “My father took the greatest interest in our education, and used to give us German lessons by means of German fairy-tales. We would come down in the evening and sit round his armchair, each of us on our own little stool, to repeat to him what he had taught us the previous evening. I was never very goof at my lessons, and invariably dissolved into tears if I did not know the answers. And then took place what my father used to call ‘Louise’s expensive preparations.’ They consisted of (1) my book was put down; (2) a hunt was made for my handkerchief; (3) I climbed on to a chair; (4) I then climbed on to my father’s knee; (5) I put my head on his shoulder; (6) then I burst into tears!’”
Prince Christian was born on January 22, 1831 on Augustenburg Palace, in Als Island, Denmark. He was the second son of Christian August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg. He died on October 28, 1917, at Schomberg House in London.
Reference:
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https://www.rct.uk/collection/404483/the-marriage-of-princess-helena-5-july-1866
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The Marriage of Princess Helena, 5 July 1866
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The marriage of Princess Helena with Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein took place in the Private Chapel at Windsor Castle. The Archbishop of Canterbury, Charles Longley, performed the ceremony. Queen Victoria can be seen standing just behind the bridal couple and in the gallery above are the choir and a number of guests. Princess Helena (1846-1923), nicknamed Lenchen, was Queen Victoria’s fifth child and third daughter. She was lively, outspoken and something of a tomboy. In 1916 she and Prince...
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http://royal-splendor.blogspot.com/2012/04/story-of-princess-helena-victoria-and.html
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The Story of Princess Helena Victoria and Princess Marie Louise—Part I: Prelude to Two Great Lives
|
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[
"HeritageCapiz.org"
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2012-04-22T11:28:00+08:00
|
Princess Helena and Prince Christian Queen Victoria desired a love story to last a lifetime, a happily ever-after marriage with the ...
|
en
|
http://royal-splendor.blogspot.com/favicon.ico
|
http://royal-splendor.blogspot.com/2012/04/story-of-princess-helena-victoria-and.html
|
Everything you need to know about the world of royalty.
|
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29120
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yago
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3
| 56 |
https://www.wgbh.org/tv-shows/drama/2019-01-11/what-happened-to-queen-victorias-nine-children
|
en
|
What Happened to Queen Victoria’s Nine Children?
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[
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[
"Caroline Gerdes",
"www.wgbh.org",
"caroline-gerdes"
] |
2019-01-11T00:00:00
|
Victoria fans have probably noticed that the monarch appears to be constantly pregnant throughout the last couple of seasons. I can’t be the only one who…
|
en
|
/apple-touch-icon.png
|
GBH
|
https://www.wgbh.org/tv-shows/drama/2019-01-11/what-happened-to-queen-victorias-nine-children
|
Victoria fans have probably noticed that the monarch appears to be constantly pregnant throughout the last couple of seasons. I can’t be the only one who has lost count of births on the show? I do know that when all is said and done, Victoria and Albert will end up with nine children. That’s right, the royal couple had a brood of heirs – and all of them lived to adulthood. So, what happened to Queen Victoria’s nine children?
Because of her nine children and 42 grandchildren, Victoria garnered the nickname “Grandmother of Europe.” The moniker fits quite literally when looking at Europe’s royal families, as her children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren and great-great-grandchildren endured as monarchs of multiple European countries. Queen Victoria’s descendants can be found in the royal families of Germany, Russia, Greece, Romania, Sweden, Norway and Spain, according to online BBC history magazine, History Extra.
History Extra also reports that three of Victoria’s grandchildren were key players in World War I: Kaiser Wilhelm of Germany, Alexandra Romanov of Russia and George V of Britain. Apparently, Kaiser Wilhelm once said WWI may not have happened if his grandmother Victoria had been alive, “as she simply would not have allowed her relatives to go to war with one another." Victoria’s legacy didn’t just affect political and military history. She was also the first known royal carrier of Hemophilia – which now is commonly associated with European royal bloodlines. Victoria’s son Leopold died at age 30 from an injury that triggered a hemorrhage, which was caused by the disease. Hemophilia was seen in a few of the Queen’s grandchildren and, most notably, in her great-grandson, Alexei Romanov.
So, what became of the queen’s heirs? Here’s what happened to Victoria and Albert’s nine children.
1. Princess Victoria Adelaide Mary Louise
The princess married Friedrich Wilhelm of Prussia, who became the emperor of Germany. Their son was Kaiser Wilhelm of WWI notoriety. Their daughter Sophie became Queen of Greece.
2. Prince Albert Edward Wettin
Prince Albert succeeded his mother as King Edward VII. Through King Edward VII, Queen Elizabeth is Victoria’s great-great-granddaughter. (Victoria’s son was Edward VII, Edward VII’s son was George V, George V's son was Elizabeth’s father George VI). Elizabeth’s husband Prince Philip is also a great-great-grandchild of Victoria and Albert through other royal lines.
3. Princess Alice Maud Mary
Alice married Prince Ludwig of Hesse. Their daughter Alexandra, or Alix, married Nicholas II, the last czar of Russia. Alix and Nicholas were the heads of the famous Romanov family who met a grisly fate.
4. Prince Alfred Ernest Albert
The prince also married into the Russian royal bloodline in his union with Grand Duchess Marie, daughter of Czar Alexander II. His descendants went on to be part of the Romanian royal family.
5. Princess Helena Augusta Victoria
Helena married Prince Frederick Christian of Schleswig-Holstein. According to the PBS link above, her name lives on: One of Princess Eugenie’s middle names is Helena.
6. Princess Louise Caroline Alberta
Princess Louise married a commoner back when it was uncommon. In 1871, she married John Douglas Sutherland Campbell, with the approval of her mother and support of the British people. Campbell later became the Governor General of Canada. the province of Alberta, and its famous Lake Louise, are both named for the princess.
7. Prince Arthur William Patrick
Prince Arthur was reportedly the queen’s favorite son. He married Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia and the couple had three children. He was later Governor General of Canada. He had an interest in German affairs, so he was transferred to North America in 1911 to avoid the deteriorating political situation in Germany, according to PBS.
8. Prince Leopold George Duncan
Prince Leopold married Princess Helena Frederica of Waldeck. But the marriage only lasted two short years, due his untimely death at age 30 (caused by hemophilia). Earlier in life, he studied at Oxford and befriended Lewis Carroll, John Ruskin and Oscar Wilde, according to PBS.
9. Princess Beatrice Mary Victoria
As the baby of the family, she became Victoria’s biggest confidant. She married Prince Henry of Battenberg and passed the hemophiliac gene onto her daughter, Victoria, who in turn passed the gene on to the Spanish royal family.
So, there you have it. That’s what became of Victoria and Albert’s nine kids. Don’t miss the story of the family’s beginnings on Victoria, airing Sunday nights at 9:00 p.m.
|
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yago
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1
| 18 |
https://www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/saxe_coburg_gotha_12.html
|
en
|
Princess Helena, daughter of Queen Victoria
|
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Helena had an avid interest in science and technology, which she shared with her Father, Prince Albert, she played the piano very well at a young age, and enjoyed drawing and horse riding
| null |
25 May 1846 - 9 June 1923
Princess Helena was born at Buckingham Palace after a difficult labour on 25 May 1846 she was the third daughter and fifth child of Queen Victoria and Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, the Prince Consort. The new arrival was baptised Helena Augusta Victoria on 25 July 1846 at the private chapel at Buckingham Palace, but was always known to the family as Lenchen.
Princess Helena
Helena had an avid interest in science and technology, which she shared with her Father, Prince Albert, she played the piano very well at a young age, and enjoyed drawing and horse riding. When Helena was fifteen, her father died of typhoid on 14 December 1861 and her mother entered a period of intense and reclusive mourning.
By the early 1860s, Princess Helena formed an emotional attachment with her Father's former librarian, the German Carl Ruland, who had been appointed to the Royal Household on the recommendation of Baron Stockmar in 1859. Ruland was employed to teach the Prince of Wales German and was well-liked by the Queen. However, when Victoria discovered her daughter Helena's feelings for Ruland in 1863, he was immediately dismissed.
The Queen chose Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, son of Christian August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein and Countess Luise Sophie von Danneskjold-Samsöe, who was fifteen years her senior, as a husband for her daughter, and their engagement was announced on 5 December 1865. Christian and Helena were third cousins, through their mutual descent from Frederick Lewis, Prince of Wales, eldest son of George II and Caroline of Brunswick. The marriage proved a controversial one in the family, due to Prince Christian's family's claim on Schleswig and Holstein, which was a matter of contention between Denmark, the homeland of Alexandra, Princess of Wales and Germany where Helena's eldest sister Victoria was Crown Princess.
Princess Helena
The couple were married in the Private Chapel at Windsor Castle on 5 July 1866. The Prince of Wales, who had threatened not to attend because of his wife's Danish connections, in the end, accompanied Queen Victoria as she escorted Helena down the aisle. An observer commented that Helena looked as if she was marrying an aged uncle.
As Helena had promised to remain close to the queen, and both she and her younger sister Princess Beatrice performed duties for her. After their marriage, Christian and Helena lived at Cumberland Lodge in Windsor Great Park. The first child of the marriage, Christian Victor Albert Ernst Anton was born on 14 April 1867, he was followed by a brother Prince Albert John Charles Frederick Arthur George of Schleswig-Holstein who was born on 26 February 1869.
Two daughters followed, Victoria Louise Sophia Augusta Amelia Helena of Schleswig-Holstein on 3 May 1870 and Franziska Josepha Louise Augusta Marie Christina Helena on 12 August 1872. The couple's last child a son Harald died eight days after his birth in 1876.
Prince Christian Victor became an officer in the British army, in October 1900, while in Pretoria, he contracted malaria, and died of enteric fever, on 29 October, aged 33. His brother Prince Albert succeeded his childless cousin Duke Ernst Gunther of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg as Duke of Schleswig-Holstein in 1921 but never married.
Helena Victoria and Marie Louise of Schleswig-Holstein
Helena's daughter, Helena Victoria, known to the family as Thora and sometimes unkindly as "Snipe", due to her sharp features, also never married, and followed her mother's example in working for various charities.
Princess Marie Louise married Prince Aribert of Anhalt (18 June 1866 - 24 December 1933) at St. George's Chapel in Windsor Castle. Prince Albert was the third son of Frederick I, Duke of Anhalt, and his wife, Princess Antoinette of Saxe-Altenburg. The marriage, however, was unhappy and childless and ended in divorce. It was rumoured that Aribert was homosexual and had been discovered in bed with a male servant, either by Marie Louise or his father.
Like her sister Alice, Grand Duchess of Hesse, Helena held an avid interest in nursing and became President of the British Nurses' Association upon its foundation in 1887. She was also active in the promotion of needlework and became the first president of the newly established School of Art Needlework in 1872.
Prince Christian lost his left eye at a shooting accident at Osborne, the consequence of a shot believed to have been fired by his brother-in-law, Arthur, Duke of Connaught being reflected downwards from a tree and passing through his eyelid and eye. The injured eye was later removed by Mr Lawson, the Queen's oculist.
Prince Christian died in October 1917, aged eighty-seven, shortly after the couple celebrated their fiftieth wedding anniversary. Princess Helena survived him by five years dying at Schomberg House on Pall Mall, on 9 June 1923 and was originally interred in the Royal Vault at St George's on 15 June 1923, her body was later reburied at the Royal Burial Ground, Frogmore.
Helena and Christian's only grandchild was Valerie Marie, the illegitimate daughter of their second son, Prince Albert of Schleswig-Holstein. Born 3 April 1900 in Liptovský Mikulás, Austria-Hungary, her mother was never known. On 15 April 1931, shortly before his death, Albert wrote to his daughter, admitting his paternity. After this, on 12 May she changed her surname from Schwalb, the name of her foster family, to "zu Schleswig-Holstein".
Valerie Marie married the lawyer Ernst Johann Wagner, but their childless marriage was formally annulled in Salzburg on 4 October 1940. When Valerie Marie intended to marry again, it became important to establish her parentage officially, as the Nuremberg Laws prohibited marriages between Jews and Aryans. This was done with the aid of her aunts, Helena Victoria and Marie Louise signed a statement attesting to her paternal lineage on 26 July 1938, officially acknowledging her. She remarried on 15 June 1939, to Prince Engelbert-Charles, 10th Duke of Arenberg, this marriage was also childless. Valerie Marie died in Mont-Baron, Nice, France, on 14 April 1953 in an apparent suicide.
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0
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https://queenvictoriaroses.co.uk/2023/12/05/queen-victorias-journal-the-engagement-of-princess-helena-and-prince-christian-of-schleswig-holstein-5th-december-1865/
|
en
|
Queen Victoria’s journal: The engagement of Princess Helena and Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, 5th December 1865.
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Princess Helena and Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, dated December 1865©️ Royal Collection Trust / HM King Charles III “These days 4 years ago, were all dreadfully anxious ones, & they are ever present to my mind. — Walked & drove will Lenchen, going to the Mausoleum. — Saw Mr Gladstone, who gave me a paper…
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Queen.Victoria.Roses
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https://queenvictoriaroses.co.uk/2023/12/05/queen-victorias-journal-the-engagement-of-princess-helena-and-prince-christian-of-schleswig-holstein-5th-december-1865/
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“These days 4 years ago, were all dreadfully anxious ones, & they are ever present to my mind. — Walked & drove will Lenchen, going to the Mausoleum. — Saw Mr Gladstone, who gave me a paper on the subject of the Duchy of Lancaster, & then Sir G. Grey, who had interviewed Mr C. Fortescue, who is going to Ireland in the place of Sir R. Peel. Also saw Ld Granville & Ld Clarendon, talking to the latter on the subject of the Treaty of Marriage for Lenchen. It is to be with Christian himself, there being such difficulty as to what title to give either his father or brother. In the case of Uncle Leopold, the Treaty was with him. Afterwards held a Council, at which the marriage was announced. — In the afternoon went on my pony, Lenchen & Christian walking. & Augusta S. & the Dean of Windsor dined with us. —“
http://www.queenvictoriasjournals.org/
© Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2012 © Bodleian Libraries © ProQuest
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https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/wedding-of-princess-helena-of-the-united-kingdom-and-prince-christian-of-schleswig-holstein/
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Wedding of Princess Helena of the United Kingdom and Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
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2019-12-11T00:35:59+00:00
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by Susan Flantzer © Unofficial Royalty 2019 Princess Helena of the United Kingdom and Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg were married on July 5, 1866, at the Private Cha…
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Unofficial Royalty
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https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/wedding-of-princess-helena-of-the-united-kingdom-and-prince-christian-of-schleswig-holstein/
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by Susan Flantzer
© Unofficial Royalty 2019
Princess Helena of the United Kingdom and Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg were married on July 5, 1866, at the Private Chapel in Windsor Castle in Windsor, England.
Helena’s Early Life
Princess Helena was the fifth of the nine children and the third of the five daughters of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. She was born at Buckingham Palace on May 25, 1846. Known within the family as Lenchen, Helena’s childhood was spent at her mother’s various homes, in the care of nurses and nannies. An accomplished artist and pianist from a young age, she was overshadowed throughout her life by her siblings. Helena was closest to her brother Alfred, and the two remained so for their entire lives.
Helena’s life would change drastically in 1861, with the death of her beloved father. She began helping her sister Alice who became an unofficial secretary to their mother. After Alice’s marriage, Helena would continue in this role, along with her younger sister Louise, before the role was primarily taken by her youngest sister, Beatrice.
Helena had a brief romance with Carl Ruland, who had served as her father’s librarian. When the Queen discovered her daughter’s interest in one of the servants, Ruland was quickly dispatched back to Germany. Victoria then began a quest to find Helena an appropriate husband.
For more information on Princess Helena, see Unofficial Royalty: Princess Helena of the United Kingdom, Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
Christian’s Early Life
Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg, generally shortened to Schleswig-Holstein was born on January 22, 1831, in Augustenborg, Denmark, the sixth of the seven children of Christian August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg and Countess Louise Sophie of Danneskiold-Samsøe. His elder surviving brother was Friedrich VIII, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein who married Princess Adelheid of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, a daughter of Queen Victoria’s half-sister Feodora of Leiningen, Princess of Hohenlohe-Langenburg. Among Friedrich and Adelheid’s children was Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein who married Queen Victoria’s grandson Wilhelm II, German Emperor and King of Prussia.
While attending the University of Bonn, Christian became close friends with the future German Emperor Friedrich III. This friendship would serve him well in later years, as Friedrich’s wife was Victoria, Princess Royal, the eldest sister of Christian’s future wife.
For more information on Prince Christian, see Unofficial Royalty: Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
The Engagement
Helena was described by her mother as plump, dowdy, uncomplicated, unambitious, obedient, and without charm – which did not help her with marriage prospects. One of Queen Victoria’s requirements for Helena’s husband was that he had to be prepared to live near the Queen so that Helena could continue to be her companion and secretary. This eliminated many potential husbands. The final candidate in Queen Victoria’s search was a 35-year-old impoverished prince, Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, suggested by Queen Victoria’s uncle Leopold I, King of the Belgians.
Being fifteen years older than Helena, Christian was closer in age to Queen Victoria. When Christian was first summoned to meet Queen Victoria, he assumed that the widowed Queen was inspecting him as a new husband for herself rather than as a husband for one of her daughters. Christian was balding, looked older than his age, and was not considered handsome, certainly not the type of prince a 19-year-old princess sees in her dreams. However, Christian was agreeable and easy-going, spoke fluent English, and had been a long-time friend of Helena’s brother-in-law, the future German Emperor Friedrich III.
In August 1865, Queen Victoria and all her children went to Coburg to unveil a statue of Prince Albert. It was there that Helena and Christian first met. The possibility of a marriage between Helena and Christian was not met with unanimous approval within the royal family. The Princess of Wales (formerly Princess Alexandra of Denmark) could not tolerate a marriage to someone who, she felt, took the Schleswig and Holstein duchies away from her own father, the King of Denmark. The Prince of Wales supported his wife in this. Helena’s sister Alice also disapproved as she felt Queen Victoria was pushing Helena into this marriage to ensure that Helena would remain near her side. The fact that Christian was 15 years older than Helena certainly did not help that suggestion. However, Helena and Christian knew they did not have many marriage prospects and were both agreeable to the marriage. Their engagement was announced on December 5, 1865.
The Wedding Site
The Private Chapel in Windsor Castle was created for Queen Victoria by architect Edward Blore between 1840 and 1847. There were niches with marble sculptures, pews, and a large Gothic chandelier hanging from the ceiling. On November 20, 1992, a fire began in the Private Chapel in Windsor Castle when a painter left a spotlight too close to the curtains. The fire caused much damage to Windsor Castle. The Private Chapel was later restored but the new Private Chapel is much smaller, has chairs instead of pews, and is only able to fit thirty people. The new altar was made by Queen Elizabeth II’s nephew David Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon, a furniture designer and maker.
Unofficial Royalty: Private Chapel, Windsor Castle in Windsor, England
The Wedding Guests
This is a complete list from the London Gazette, Issue 23140, 17 July 1866.
Royal Guests
Queen Victoria, mother of the bride
The Prince and Princess of Wales, brother and sister-in-law of the bride
Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, brother of the bride
Prince Louise, sister of the bride
Prince Arthur, brother of the bride
Prince Leopold, brother of the bride
Princess Beatrice, sister of the bride
The Duchess of Cambridge, great-aunt of the bride
Leopold II, King of the Belgians, first cousin once removed of the bride, and his wife Queen Marie Henriette
Ernst, 4th Prince of Leiningen, half-first cousin of the bride, and his wife Marie, Princess of Leiningen
Prince Edward of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
Prince Friedrich of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg, brother of the groom
The Maharajah Duleep Singh
The Queen’s Household – participated in the royal, bridegroom’s and bride’s procession
Elizabeth Wellesley, Duchess of Wellington, Mistress of the Robes
Susanna Innes-Kerr, Duchess of Roxburghe, Lady of the Bedchamber in Waiting
The Honorable Mrs. Robert Bruce, Woman of the Bedchamber in Waiting
John Townshend, Viscount Sydney, Lord Chamberlain of the Household
Valentine Browne, Viscount Castlerosse, Vice-Chamberlain of the Household
John Ponsonby, 5th Earl of Bessborough, Lord Steward
George Brudenell-Bruce, 2nd Marquess of Ailesbury, Master of the Horse
Lieutenant General The Honorable Charles Grey, Joint Keeper of the Privy Purse, Equerry in Waiting
Major General Sir Thomas Biddulph, Joint Keeper of the Privy Purse
Lord Otho Fitzgerald, Treasurer of the Household
Granville Proby, 4th Earl of Carysfort, Comptroller of the Household
George Bingham, 3rd Earl of Lucan, Gold Stick in Waiting
Thomas Foley, 4th Baron Foley, Captain of the Gentlemen-at-Arms
Henry Reynolds-Moreton, 3rd Earl of Ducie, Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard
Richard Boyle, 9th Earl of Cork, Master of the Buckhounds
Major Sir John Cowell, Master of the Household
Frederick Methuen, 2nd Baron Methuen, Lord in Waiting
Lieutenant-Colonel W.H.F. Cavendish, Equerry in Waiting
Lord Alfred Paget, Clerk Marshal
Colonel The Honorable Dudley F. DeRos
General The Honorable Sir Edward Cust, Master of Ceremonies
Lieutenant-Colonel R. Palmer, Silver Stick in Waiting
Colonel H.F. Ponsonby, Field Officer in Brigade in Waiting
The Honorable Spencer Ponsonby, Comptroller in the Lord Chamberlain’s Department
Sir William Martins, Gentleman Usher
Major General Henry S. Stephens, Senior Gentleman Usher
Sir Charles G. Young, Garter King of Arms
Mr. Albert W. Woods, Lancaster Herald
Mr. Matthew C.H. Gibbon, Richmond Herald
Bride’s Attendant
Jane, Spencer, Baroness Churchill, Lady of the Bedchamber to The Queen
Bridegroom’s Attendants
Major General Francis Seymour, Groom of the Robes to the Queen
Count Rantzau, Gentleman of Honor to the Bridegroom
Foreign Representatives
Henri-Godefroi-Bernard-Alphonse, Prince de La Tour d’Auvergn, French Ambassador
Count of Lavradio, Portuguese Ambassador
Phillip Ivanovich Brunnov, Russian Ambassador
Christian Emil Krag-Juel-Vind-Frijs, Danish Foreign Minister
The Hanoverian Foreign Minister
The Prussian Ambassador
The Turkish Ambassador
Clergy
Charles Longley, Archbishop of Canterbury
Archibald Campbell Tait, Dean of the Chapels Royal, Bishop of London
Samuel Wilberforce, Lord High Almoner, Bishop of Oxford
Henry Philpott, Clerk of the Closet, Bishop of Worcester
Charles Sumner, Prelate of the Order of the Garter, Bishop of Winchester
Gerald Wellesley, Dean of Windsor
Government Officials
Robert Rolfe, 1st Baron Cranworth, Lord High Chancellor
Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville, Lord President of the Council
George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll, Lord Privy Seal
John Russell, 1st Earl Russell, Prime Minister and First Lord of the Treasury
Sir George Grey, 2nd Baronet, Secretary of State for the Home Department
George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
Edward Cardwell, Secretary of State for the Colonies
Spencer Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington, Secretary of State for War
George Robinson, 3rd Earl de Grey, 2nd Earl of Ripon, Secretary for the State of India
Chancellor of the Exchequer, William Ewart Gladstone
Edward Seymour, 12th Duke of Somerset, First Lord of the Admiralty
Edward Stanley, 2nd Baron Stanley of Alderley Postmaster-General
George Goschen, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
Thomas Milner Gibson, President of the Board of Trade
Charles Pelham Villiers, President of the Poor Law Board
William F. Cowper, First Commissioner of Works
Adjutant General, Major-General Lord William Paulet
Quartermaster General, Lieutenant-General Sir James Hope Grant
Attendants to Other Royalty – some participated in processions
John Poyntz Spencer, 5th Earl Spencer, Groom of the Stole to The Prince of Wales
James Hamilton, Viscount Hamilton, Gentleman of the Bedchamber in Waiting to The Prince of Wales
The Honorable Charles L. Wood, Groom of the Bedchamber in Waiting to The Prince of Wales
Lieutenant-General Knollys, Comptroller and Treasurer to The Prince of Wales
Major G. H. Grey, Equerry in Waiting to The Prince of Wales
George Harris, 3rd Baron Harris, Chamberlain to The Princess of Wales
Countess of Morton, Lady of the Bedchamber in Waiting to The Princess of Wales
The Honorable Mrs. Edward Coke, Woman of the Bedchamber in Waiting to The Princess of Wales
Comte Van der Straten-Ponthoz, Grand Marshal to The King of the Belgians
Comte Gustav de Lannoy, Chamberlain to The Queen of the Belgians
Marquise de Trazeguies, Lady in Attendance to The Queen of the Belgians
Comtesse de Yves de Bavai, Lady in Attendance to The Queen of the Belgians
Jules de Vaux, Secretary to The King of the Belgians
Thomas Stonor, 3rd Baron Camoys, Lord in Waiting to Queen Victoria in attendance to The King and Queen of the Belgians
The Honorable Eliot Yorke, Equerry in attendance to The Duke of Edinburgh
Major Sir Howard Craufurd Elphinstone, Governor to Prince Arthur
Lieutenant Walter George Stirling, Governor to Prince Leopold
Lady Caroline Barrington, Lady Superintendent to Princess Louise and Princess Beatrice
Lady Augusta Stanley, Lady in attendance to Princess Louise and Princess Beatrice
Colonel Home Purves, Comptroller of the Household to The Duchess of Cambridge
Lady Geraldine Somerset, Lady in Waiting to The Duchess of Cambridge
Lieutenant-Colonel James Oliphant, Gentleman in attendance to The Maharajah Duleep Singh
Lady Susan Leslie Melville, Lady in Waiting to Princess Helena
Gardner D. Engleheart, Comptroller to the Household of Prince Christian and Princess Helena
Lieutenant-Colonel George G. Gordon, Equerry to Prince Christian
Other Guests
Charles Gordon-Lennox, 6th Duke of Richmond and Frances Gordon-Lennox, Duchess of Richmond
Walter Montagu Douglas Scott, 5th Duke of Buccleuch and Charlotte Montagu Douglas Scott, Duchess of Buccleuch
Arthur Wellesley, 2nd Duke of Wellington and Elizabeth Wellesley, Duchess of Wellington
Augusta, Countess Dornberg, morganatic wife of Prince Edward of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
Prince Victor of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, half-first cousin of the bride, and his morganatic wife Laura, Countess Gleichen
James Hamilton, 2nd Marquess of Abercorn
Mary Brudenell-Bruce, Marchioness of Ailesbury
George Phipps, 2nd Marquess of Normanby and Laura Phipps, Marchioness of Normanby
Frances Ponsonby, Countess of Bessborough
Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby
Catherine Murray, Dowager Countess of Dunmore
William Wentworth-Fitzwilliam, 6th Earl Fitzwilliam and Frances Wentworth-Fitzwilliam, Countess Fitzwilliam
Caroline Edgcumbe, Dowager Countess of Mount Edgcumbe
John Campbell, 2nd Earl Cawdor and Sarah Campbell, Countess Cawdor
Emily Townshend, Viscountess Sydney
George Byng, 7th Viscount Torrington
Charles Shaw-Lefevre, 1st Viscount Eversley
Lady Emily Seymour and The Honorable Miss Seymour
The Honorable Reverend Charles L. Courtenay and Lady Caroline Courtenay
The Honorable Mrs. Grey and Miss Grey
Lieutenant-General Jonathan Peel, politician
The Right Honorable Benjamin Disraeli, future Prime Minister
Lieutenant-General The Honorable H. Byng and Mrs. Byng
The Honorable Mrs. Wellesley, wife of Gerald Wellesley, Dean of Windsor
Major-General The Honorable A. N. Hood, Lady Mary Hood and Miss Hood
The Honorable Lady Biddulph, wife of Major General Sir Thomas Biddulph, Joint Keeper of the Privy Purse
Sir James Clark, Baronet, former Physician-In-Ordinary to Queen Victoria
Elizabeth Couper, Dowager Baroness Couper
Dr. William Jenner, Physician-In-Ordinary to Queen Victoria
Sir Richard Mayne, Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police
Mr. Bernard Woodward, Royal Librarian at Windsor Castle
Mr. Hermann Sahl, Librarian and German Secretary to Queen Victoria
Arthur Penrhyn Stanley, Dean of Westminster
Reverend Henry Ellison, Chaplain-in-Ordinary to Queen Victoria
Reverend James St. John Blunt, Chaplain-in-Ordinary to Queen
Dr. Douglas Argyll Robertson, Surgeon Oculist to Queen Victoria
Miss Louisa Bowater, a friend of Princess Helena
Lieutenant-Colonel George Ashley Maude, Crown Equerry of the Royal Mews, and Miss E. Maude
Mr. Frederick Gibbs, tutor to The Prince of Wales and Prince Alfred
Reverend Henry Mildred Birch, Chaplain to The Prince of Wales
Reverend William Rowe Jolley, tutor to Prince Alfred
Reverend George Prothero, Chaplain-in-Ordinary to Queen Victoria, Rector of St. Mildred’s Church, Whippingham, Isle of Wight, where Queen Victoria’s family worshipped when at Osborne House
Reverend Robinson Duckworth, tutor to Prince Leopold
Reverend N. Shuldham, tutor to Prince Leopold
Mr. Adolf Buff, German tutor to Prince Arthur and Prince Leopold
Miss Sarah Anne Hildyard, tutor to Queen Victoria’s children
Miss Ottilie Bauer, German tutor to Queen Victoria’s children
Mademoiselle Norele, French tutor to Queen Victoria’s children
The Supporters and Bridesmaids
Prince Christian’s supporters were his brother Prince Friedrich of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg and Prince Edward of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach.
Helena had eight bridesmaids, all of whom were unmarried daughters of British Dukes and Earls:
Lady Muriel Campbell, daughter of John Campbell, 2nd Earl Cawdor, married Sir Courtenay Edmund Boyle
Lady Ernestine Edgcumbe, daughter of Ernest Edgcumbe, 3rd Earl of Mount Edgcumbe, unmarried
Lady Mary Fitzwilliam, daughter of William Wentworth-FitzWilliam, 6th Earl FitzWilliam, married The Honorable Hugh Le Despencer Boscawen
Lady Albertha Hamilton, daughter of James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Abercorn, married George Spencer-Churchill, 8th Duke of Marlborough
Lady Caroline Gordon-Lennox, daughter of Charles Gordon-Lennox, 6th Duke of Richmond, unmarried
Lady Alexandrina Murray, daughter of Alexander Murray, 6th Earl of Dunmore, married Rev. Henry Cunliffe
Lady Laura Phipps, daughter of George Phipps, 2nd Marquess of Normanby, married John Vivian Hampton-Lewis
Lady Margaret Montagu Douglas Scott, daughter of Walter Montagu Douglas Scott, 5th Duke of Buccleuch, married Donald Cameron of Lochiel, 24th Chief of Clan Cameron
The Wedding Attire
Princess Helena’s wedding dress was made from white satin with deep flounces of Honiton lace. The design of the lace featured roses, ivy, and myrtle. The train, also made of the Honiton lace, had bouquets of orange blossom and myrtle attached. On her head, Helena wore a wreath of orange blossoms and myrtle with a veil made of Honiton lace which matched her dress. She wore a necklace, earrings, and a brooch, all of opals and diamonds, a wedding gift from her mother Queen Victoria. In addition, Helena wore bracelets set with miniatures and the Royal Order of Victoria and Albert.
The eight bridesmaids were dressed in white glacé dresses covered with tulle under a long tunic of silver tulle, which was looped up on one side with a chatelaine of pink roses, forget-me-nots, and white heather. The bodice and skirt were also trimmed with pink roses, forget-me-nots, and heather. On their heads, the bridesmaids wore a wreath of pink roses, forget-me-nots, and heather with a long tulle veil.
The Wedding
Embed from Getty Images
The wedding ceremony was held at 12:30 PM on July 5, 1866, at the Private Chapel in Windsor Castle in Windsor, England. At noon, members of the British royal family, along with other royalty and important guests gathered in the White Drawing Room in Windsor Castle. Princess Helena remained in Queen Victoria’s Private Apartments while members of her procession assembled in the corridor outside Queen Victoria’s Private Apartments. Prince Christian, his supporters and members of his procession waited in the Red Room. The Ladies and Gentlemen of The Queen’s Household along with the Ladies and Gentlemen of foreign royalty assembled in the corridor. Ambassadors, Foreign Ministers, Cabinet Ministers, and other guests assembled in the Red and Green Drawing Rooms and were then conducted to their seats. The Archbishop of Canterbury and the other clergy taking part in the wedding ceremony assembled in the Audience Chamber. They then proceeded to the Private Chapel and took their places at the altar.
After the Ambassadors, Foreign Ministers, Cabinet Ministers, and other guests had taken their seats and the clergy had assembled in the Private Chapel, the Royal Procession formed in the corridor outside the White Drawing Room and were conducted to the Private Chapel by the Lord Chamberlain and the Vice-Chamberlain. The Lord Chamberlain and the Vice-Chamberlain then proceeded to the Red Room and conducted Prince Christian’s procession to the Private Chapel. Finally, the Lord Chamberlain and the Vice-Chamberlain proceeded to Queen Victoria’s Private Apartments and conducted Princess Helena’s procession to the Private Chapel. As her father had died in 1861, Helena was escorted by her mother Queen Victoria, her eldest brother The Prince of Wales, and her eight bridesmaids.
As the Bride’s Procession made its way to the Private Chapel, the March from the opera “Scipio” by Georg Friedrich Handel was played. When Helena arrived in the Private Chapel she took her place on the left side of the altar while Queen Victoria was led to her seat.
Charles Longley, Archbishop of Canterbury performed the entire wedding ceremony. The responses of both Helena and Christian were made in a firm and audible voice and Christian spoke with a decidedly foreign accent. When the Archbishop of Canterbury asked, “Who giveth this Woman to be married to this Man?”, it was Queen Victoria, in lieu of her deceased husband, who answered in a dignified and determined manner. During the ceremony, the choir sang a chorale by William George Cusins, specially composed for the occasion. Cusins was the organist in Queen Victoria’s Private Chapels and played the organ during the wedding ceremony.
When the ceremony was over, Helena was warmly embraced by Queen Victoria and The Prince of Wales. Then, to Ludwig Spohr’s march from the oratorio “The Fall of Babylon”, Helena and Christian proceeded to the White Drawing Room, accompanied by the royal procession and the clergy, to sign the marriage registry along with Queen Victoria, other royalty, and some members of the Royal Household.
Post-Wedding
Embed from Getty Images
Princess Helena and Prince Christian leave Windsor Castle for their honeymoon
Luncheon was served to members of the British royal family and other royalty in the Oak Room at Windsor Castle. Other guests were served a buffet in the Waterloo Chamber. At 4:15 PM, guests desiring to return to London boarded a special train. At the same time, the bride and groom left Windsor by special train for Southampton where a boat would convey them to the Isle of Wight for their honeymoon at Osborne House.
Later that evening at Windsor Castle, a banquet was held in the Waterloo Gallery and an evening party was held in St. George’s Hall.
Children
Helena and Christian had five children:
Prince Christian Victor (1867-1900) – unmarried
Prince Albert, later Duke of Schleswig-Holstein (1869-1931), unmarried, had an illegitimate daughter
Princess Helena Victoria (1870-1948) – unmarried
Princess Marie Louise (1872-1956) – married Prince Aribert of Anhalt, marriage dissolved, no children
Prince Harald (born and died1876) – lived just 8 days
This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.
Works Cited
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https://www.tatler.com/article/who-was-princess-helena-of-denmark-traitor-princess-denmark-prince-harald
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Who was Princess Helena of Denmark? Tatler revisits the story of the country’s ‘Traitor Princess’ who was sister-in-law to the king
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[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Evie Delaney",
"Isaac Zamet",
"Harriet Johnston",
"Annabel Sampson",
"Isaac Bickerstaff",
"Hope Coke",
"Condé Nast"
] |
2024-01-18T10:50:59.363000+00:00
|
Following the enthronement of King Frederik and Queen Mary of Denmark this month, Tatler reveals the cold-hearted collaborationist lurking in the shadows of Denmark’s royal past
|
en
|
https://www.tatler.com/verso/static/tatler-international/assets/favicon.ico
|
Tatler
|
https://www.tatler.com/article/who-was-princess-helena-of-denmark-traitor-princess-denmark-prince-harald
|
Operation Weserübung saw the attack of Denmark by Germany in 1940, officially breaking the peace pact established at the start of World War II. German occupation followed, but King Christian X remained on the throne. And so the Danish royal family became national emblems of resistance at a time of great uncertainty, violence and widespread oppression. But there was a defector in their midst in the form of one Princess Helena.
According to Danish royal writer Trong Norén Isaksen, German-born Princess Helena was ‘banished’ upon Denmark’s liberation in 1945. The princess, wife of Prince Harald and sister-in-law to King Christian, was considered a de facto traitor, and was therefore removed from the country ‘with the king’s full approval,’ according to the Danish press at the time. But what exactly did she do to warrant the expulsion?
The marriage of Helena and Harald was seen as a great symbol of Danish unity, as it brought together the royal and ducal branches of the monarchy. But the effect was quite the opposite, it seems.
Harald and Helena married in April 1909, at Glucksburg Castle outside Copenhagen, and proceeded to have five children together, all heirs to the Danish throne. Despite setting up an orphanage during the 1920s, Isakensen suggests that Helena was a strong and cruel mother.
It seems that Helena’s brutality at home was just the start of the deeply problematic views that lurked within. Despite a hopeful start to the marriage, with artist Charles Binger stating that the country met her with ‘laughter and kind words’, public perception of the princess shifted following the occupation, when she purportedly began to openly sympathise with Germany and therefore align herself with the Nazi party. The Danish resistance movement – a group who rebelled against the Nazi occupation -–have labelled Helena as the only member of the royal family who betrayed Denmark in her German allegiances. Not only did Helena reportedly host Germans in her home and at The Tourist Hotel during the war, she also attempted to convince her husband Harald to allow Nazi members into the Danish government.
|
||||
29120
|
yago
|
1
| 52 |
https://www.natgeokids.com/uk/discover/history/monarchy/queen-victoria-children/
|
en
|
Queen Victoria's children
|
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2019-01-10T13:09:23+00:00
|
Queen Victoria children: Learn about the lives of Queen Victoria's children. How many children did Queen Victoria have? Who were they and what did they do?
|
https://cdn.creatureandcoagency.com/uploads/2019/10/favicon.ico
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National Geographic Kids
|
https://www.natgeokids.com/uk/discover/history/monarchy/queen-victoria-children/
|
Queen Victoria is recognised around the world as one of Britain’s most famous monarchs. But how much do you know about her children?
Did you know that, with her husband Prince Albert, Queen Victoria raised nine youngsters? Like the Queen, they grew up to become important figures in British history. Let’s meet them…
Queen Victoria’s children
Victoria, Princess Royal
The eldest child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, little Victoria – or ‘Vicky’, as her family called her – was born 21 November 1840. Her full name was Victoria Adelaide Mary Louisa, and her official title was Victoria Princess Royal. An intelligent, enthusiastic youngster, her parents made sure she received a very good education – she was learning to speak French and German before she was five, in fact!
In 1858, when Victoria was 18, she married Prince Frederick William of Prussia* and went to live with him in Germany. The royal couple had eight children together in total – Wilhelm, Charlotte, Heinrich, Sigismund, Victoria, Waldemar, Sophie and Margaret.
When her husband took the throne in 1888, Vicky became Empress of Germany and Queen of Prussia – but sadly, Frederick died just a few month’s into his reign. Victoria spent the rest of her life in mourning and retired to Schloss Friedrichshof, a castle she had built in memory of Frederick. Her own death came a-calling 5 August 1901, when Vicky was 60 years old.
Albert Edward, Prince of Wales
Next came Bertie, or officially Albert Edward, born 9 November 1841. The first son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, little Bertie was first in line to the throne. As a young boy, he was rather mischievous and quite the trouble maker! But his parents were quick to fix that, and put him on a strict education regime to ensure he was prepared to become King of England in the future!
Following her husband’s death in 1861, Queen Victoria withdrew almost completely from public life. Whilst she continued to rule over England, she allowed Bertie to represent her at important occasions and social events. In 1863, Prince Albert Edward married Princess Alexandra of Denmark, and together they had six children.
When Queen Victoria died in January 1901, Bertie became King Edward VII. He ruled the country with energy and enthusiasm, and he quickly became a popular king. He also helped build good relationships between Britain and other countries. After reigning for nine years, King Edward VII died in 1910, aged 68.
Princess Alice
On 25 April 1843 sweet, little Alice came along, Queen Victoria’s second daughter. Alice was known for her kind and caring nature. She nursed her father in his final days, and comforted her grieving mother following his death.
In July 1862, Princess Alice married the German Prince Louis of Hesse, and moved to the city of Darmstadt in Germany to live with him. They had seven children in total – Victoria, Elizabeth, Irene, Ernst, Friedrich, Alexandra and Marie.
Throughout her life, Alice cared for those in need. She became interested in nursing, too, and learned from the world’s most famous nurse…Florence Nightingale! During times of war, Alice helped make bandages and visited hospitals to care for wounded soldiers.
In 1873, tragedy struck when Alice’s youngest son Friedrich, known as ‘Frittie’, died after falling from a window, leaving Alice completely devastated. And even more tragedy came a few years later when the household fell ill to a disease called diphtheria. Despite Alice’s efforts to nurse the family back to health, the disease took the life of her youngest child Marie. Shortly after, Alice herself caught diphtheria, too, and sadly died 14 December 1878, age 35.
Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh
On 6 August 1844, Queen Victoria gave birth to her second son, Alfred. A cheeky, mischievous youngster, the family always referred to him as Affie.
At just fourteen, Alfred joined the Royal Navy – and he proved to have a great set of sea legs! He quickly moved up through the ranks and in February 1866, when he was 21, he became Captain of a ship called HMS Galatea. That same year, he officially became Duke of Edinburgh and Earl of Ulster and Earl of Kent.
Alfred loved to travel, and in 1867 he set sail on a world voyage on the HMS Galatea – a voyage that saw him become the first British Royal to visit Australia!
In January 1874, Alfred married Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia. The couple settled together in London, where they had five children – Alfred, Marie, Victoria Melita, Alexandra and Beatrice.
Following the death of his uncle Ernest in 1893, Alfred became the Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha*. The role meant that, much to his disappointment, he had to leave behind his work in the Navy. He didn’t have to put up for it for long, however – on 30 July 1900 Charlie died aged 55 at a castle called Schloss Rosenau in Coburg, Germany.
Princess Helena
Next came another girl…Princess Helena, born 25 May 1846. The family often referred to her as Lenchen, a shortened version of the German nickname for Helena – Helenchen. As youngster, she was a tough little girl who stood up for herself against her older siblings. Go, Lenchen!
In July 1866, Princess Helena married the German Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, in Windsor Castle. So that Helena could stay close to her mother, who she carried out duties for, the couple moved into a country house in Windsor Great Park. They had five children in total but, tragically, their last child, Harald, died just eight days after his birth.
Helena was an enthusiastic and active woman. She had a great interest in nursing and became a founding member of the British Red Cross – a society helping people in times of crisis. She was creative, too, and became the founding member of the Royal School of Needlework.
Helena and her husband Christian are said to have had a very happy marriage together. Sadly, Christian died in 1917, shortly after their fiftieth wedding anniversary. Helena herself died six years later, on 9 June 1923, in Schomberg House, London.
Princess Louise
Then, on 18 March 1848 , came little Louise – officially Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll. She was considered the most beautiful of Queen Victoria’s children and had an impressive talent for art.
In March 1871, Louise married John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne. At the time, it was very unusual for a princess not to marry a prince. Nevertheless, Queen Victoria approved, hoping their marriage would make the royal family more popular with the country’s nobility*.
Louise was keen to improve opportunities for women. In 1872, she helped set up a charity called Girl’s Day School Trust, which provided education for girls whose parents couldn’t afford school fees. She also founded the Ladies Work Society in 1875, helping poor women make money from needlework.
In 1878 John was made Governeror General of Canada, and the royal couple moved to Ottawa, Canada. They returned to England in 1883, and once again Louise focussed on her work for women’s rights and opportunities. She pursued her love of art, too, and in 1893 completed her most famous art work – a statue of Queen Victoria which stands at Kensington Palace.
Louise and John never had children, and following her husband’s death in 1914, it’s said Louise felt incredibly lonely. Louise herself died 3 December 1939, aged 91 after a long and eventful life.
Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught
Then came Queen Victoria’s favourite child…Prince Arthur, born 1 May 1850. He was very disciplined and obedient, which his mother liked very much!
Arthur grew up to become a military man. At age 16, he attended the Royal Military College and, after graduating, he was made a lieutenant in the British Army. His work took him to many exciting places around the world, including India, Canada and and Egypt!
In 1879 Arthur (now officially Prince Albert, Duke of Connaught) married Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia. They enjoyed a wedding at Windsor Castle, and went on to raise three children, called Margaret, Arthur and Patricia.
In 1911, Arthur was appointed the first Governor General Canada and went to live in Ottowa for several years, together with his wife and daughter Patricia. When the First World War broke out in 1914, both both Arthur and Louise became active in services and charities caring for injured soldiers.
Sadly, Louise fell seriously ill and died in 1917, one year after their return to England. Arthur, however, went on to live a long, eventful life that saw him serve in both World Wars – yup, he caught the start of the Second World War, too. He died 16 January 1942, aged 91.
Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany
Queen Victoria’s youngest son was Leopold, born 7 April 1853. Prince Leopold was born with a disease called haemophilia, which meant when he injured himself, it took a long time for wounds to stop bleeding and heal. As a result, poor Leopold was forbidden to play with his siblings, and he spent much of his childhood alone.
Despite fears for his health, Queen Victoria allowed Leopold to attend Oxford University, where he studied various subjects, including art and literature. He enjoyed traveling, too, and in 1880 toured the USA and Canada with his older sister Louise.
As well as haemophilia, poor Leopold suffered from a condition called epilepsy. Such health problems made it difficult for poor Leopold to find a bride. But love came his way in 1881 when Queen Victoria arranged for her son to meet Princess Helena of Waldeck-Pyrmont. Yay! The pair married in April the following year and had two children together. However, their marriage was short lived…
On March 27 1884, Leopold fell down some stairs whilst in the town of Cannes in France. The fall proved tragic and Leopold died aged 31 – four months before the birth of his son Charles Edward. His wife Helena lived on another 38 years and raised Charles Edward and their daughter Alice.
Princess Beatrice
And finally came little Beatrice, on 14 April 1857. Known to the family as ‘Baby’, Beatrice was a happy child, spoiled by her parents and older siblings.
Following Prince Albert’s death, Queen Victoria turned to her four-year-old daughter for comfort, forming a close bond that would last a lifetime. From a child, Beatrice became devoted to her mother and swore to forever be by her side. When she was a teenager, Beatrice became Queen Victoria’s personal assistant, helping her with whatever she needed.
But things changed when Princess Beatrice fell in love with Prince Henry of Battenberg, and asked her mother for permission to marry him. Victoria was at first furious at the thought of losing her precious Baby, but eventually gave her consent. Phew! Beatrice and Henry raised four children together – Alexander, Victoria, Leopold, and Maurice.
Sadly, Henry died in 1896 whilst fighting in the Ashanti War*, leaving Beatrice devastated. Now a widow, she continued to serve her mother during her final years. When Queen Victoria died in January 1901, a heartbroken Beatrice took on the role of preparing her journal entries so they could be published for the public to see – a job that took 30 years to complete!
Beatrice herself lived a long life. She died 26 October 1944, at the grand old age of 87.
*Prussia was a former state in northern Europe, covering parts of present-day Germany and Poland.
*Saxe-Coburg and Gotha was a small state in Germany that existed from 1826 to 1918.
*Nobility are the people belonging to the highest social class in the country.
*The Ashanti Wars were a series of wars fought between Britain and the Ashanti Empire (present-day Ghana).
Did you like learning about Queen Victoria’s children? Leave a comment below and leet us know!
|
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https://kids.kiddle.co/Prince_Christian_of_Schleswig-Holstein
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Prince Christian of Schleswig
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https://kids.kiddle.co/Prince_Christian_of_Schleswig-Holstein
|
“A London correspondent of a New York daily paper comments rather frankly on the unpopularity of Prince Christian in England. " Prince Christian he says, " married the English Princess Helena, and the people, by a sort of instinct, came to the conclusion that the young lady had been forced into the marriage, and that the whole business was a 'shame.' Since that time Prince Christian has been growing more and more unpopular, not on account of anything he has done so much as because he is disliked. The other day the prince went with his wife and some of the royal family to Liverpool, and the people who waited outside hissed him, but cheered all the rest. The affair was hushed up but there is reason to believe that it caused some little sensation at Windsor. The photographs of the prince have been partly the cause of his unpopularity. He is a churlish looking man, with a very bald head, and the bald head has, I fear, done this business. The Princess Helena was only 19 when she married, and the English people (who like the royal ladies especially) were not satisfied, and thought her husband not good enough for her. Then, again, the prince of the bald head was unquestionably one of the very smallest of the very small Germans who have been strapped on to the shoulders of the patient and cloudily-witted John Bull. He had, before he came over here, a revenue from his immense income of £200 a year. This enormous income was not enough to get married upon, and very glad he must have been to catch one of the Queen's daughters, and to be taken into comfortable lodgings in the house of the aforesaid John Bull. The next thing, of course, was to make an income for this rather farcical prince. Some very ugly stories are in circulation, most of them probably untrue, but they helped to make people dislike him. Nevertheless Parliament voted him a grant of £30,000 (as a dower to his wife and £6000 a year. imagine what a change for a poor devil to be taken from the midst of debt and poverty to live in one of the Queen's palaces and have a large income given to him, upon no harder condition than that he should marry a well educated and rather pretty girl ! But things do not always go smoothly with Prince Christian. As I have said he was loudly hissed in the public streets the other day, and now this week a stinging caricature has been leveled at him in the Tomdliawk, a paper which is making wonderful progress in-consequence of the boldness and freedom of its cartoons. We are shown an unpleasant little man perched on the back of the British lion and tugging away at his mane. Underneath is written ' Set a beggar on Horseback, or Translated from the German. This will not please the family circle at Osborne for Windsor. I fancy Prince Christian has rather a bad time before him. The Queen is understood to insist upon his residing in this country, and under her own eye apparently with a due regard for the protection of her daughter. A man ought to behave properly on £6000 a year, seeing that he has done nothing to merit a farthing. There are Englishmen (would you believe it?) of better and nobler descent than this very little German, and of handsome private means and station, who would be too happy to make good husbands of any of the royal princesses (except those who are already married, pray understand). But no that would not do. A seedy gentleman, all out at elbows, from Faderlaud, is the only eligible person. The inevitable consequence of such a system is Prince Christian."
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29120
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yago
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2
| 50 |
https://www.goodreads.com/characters/40126-princess-helena-of-the-united-kingdom
|
en
|
Profile for Princess Helena of the United Kingdom from The Queen's Daughters (page 1)
|
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[
""
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[
"Ursula Bloom"
] | null |
Princess Helena of the United Kingdom has appeared in the following books: The Queen's Daughters
|
https://www.goodreads.com/characters/40126-princess-helena-of-the-united-kingdom
|
Welcome back. Just a moment while we sign you in to your Goodreads account.
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29120
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yago
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2
| 46 |
https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/life-queen-victoria-her-family
|
en
|
The life of Queen Victoria and her family
|
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[
""
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[] | null |
Find out more about her fascinating life with Prince Albert and her nine children
|
en
|
/themes/custom/rmg_theme/favicon.ico
|
https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/life-queen-victoria-her-family
|
Queen Victoria reigned over Britain for 63 years - the longest rule after Elizabeth II. Find out more about her fascinating life with Prince Albert and her children.
Queen Victoria and her family were seen by the public as a harmonious and happy image of domestic life.
How many children did Queen Victoria have?
Queen Victoria (1819 - 1901) and Prince Albert (1819 - 1861) had a total of nine children.
Princess Royal Victoria (21 November 1840 – 5 August 1901)
Victoria and Albert's first child, Victoria was given the title Princess Royal the year after her birth. In 1858, Victoria married Prince Frederick William of Prussia. He later succeeded his father as German Emperor in 1888, but his reign was cut short by cancer of the larynx within ninety-nine days of his coronation. Following her husband's death, Victoria lived as empress dowager before her death from breast cancer in 1901 at the age of 60.
Edward VII (9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910)
Edward was born a year after his sister and lived much of his life as the Prince of Wales. On the death of Queen Victoria on 22 January 1901, Edward became king, marking the beginning of the Edwardian era. He reigned for nine years, overseeing military reforms and was known as "peacemaker" for fostering good relations with foreign powers. He died aged 68 on 6 May 1910 after several heart attacks and was succeeded his son King George V.
Princess Alice (25 April 1843 – 14 December 1878)
Princess Alice was known for her nursing - both with her father, Albert and in military hospitals during the Austro-Prussian War. During this time, she befriended Florence Nightingale and playing an active role in the region's military hospitals. Alice died from diphtheria in 1878 after it spread through the Hessian court just a year after becoming Grand Duchess of Hesse. She was the first of three of Queen Victoria's children to be outlived by their mother.
Prince Alfred (6 August 1844 – 30 July 1900)
Prince Alfred joined the Royal Navy at the young age of 14. He remained in the Navy throughout his life with his final rank of Admiral of the fleet in 1893. He was married to Maria Alexandrovna, the daughter of Emperor Alexander II of Russia.
Princess Helena (25 May 1846 – 9 June 1923)
Princess Helena, Victoria and Albert's third daughter. She was married Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein in 1866 and remained in Britain. Helena was highly engaged in charitable institutions and was a founding member of the British Red Cross.
Princess Louise (18 March 1848 – 3 December 1939)
Princess Louise was the sixth child of Victoria and Albert, and 13 when her father died. She pursued a career as a sculptor and became a strong advocate of higher education and the feminist cause.
Prince Arthur (1 May 1850 – 16 January 1942)
Prince Arthur served in the British Army for 40 years, rising to the rank of Commander-in-Chief of Ireland and Inspector-General of the Forces. He was Victoria's last surviving son remained active in the military into the Second World War.
Prince Leopold (7 April 1853 – 28 March 1884)
Victoria and Albert's youngest son, Prince Leopold, inherited the blood disorder haemophilia from his mother and was reputed to suffer from epilepsy, hindering his chances of joining the military. Instead, Leopold became a patron of arts and acted as his mother's unofficial secretary.
Princess Beatrice (14 April 1857 – 26 October 1944)
As the youngest child, Princess Beatrice spent much of her life by her mother's side. Following the Queen's death in 1901, Beatrice became the editor of her mother's journals. She died in November 1944 and was Victoria's last surviving child.
When did Queen Victoria die?
After a reign which lasted almost 64 years, Queen Victoria died at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight, on 22 January 1901. Her son, Edward VII succeeded her.
What did Queen Victoria die of?
Queen Victoria died from a cerebral haemorrhage on Tuesday 22 January 1901 after feeling weakened over the Christmas period. Historians suggest that the cause of her death is likely related to her carrying the gene for haemophilia, a blood-clotting disease passed down from her parentage. Victoria also passed this genetic disorder onto three of her nine children. Haemophilia is sometimes called "the royal disease" for this reason.
Queen Victoria died at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight. Her body was transported to Portsmouth via the Solent, on the Royal Yacht 'Alberta'. Artist William Wyllie saw the procession from the HMS Majestic.
Discover more in our collections
Where is Queen Victoria buried?
Queen Victoria is buried at Windsor in England within the Frogmore Royal Mausoleum. This tomb was built explicitly for Albert and Victoria as a final resting place, instead of the traditional mausoleums in Westminster Abbey in London or St. George's Chapel in Windsor.
Only Victoria and Albert are interred within the tomb, but the mausoleum contains other memorials, such as their second daughter Princess Alice and Victoria's father Edward, Duke of Kent.
When was Queen Victoria born?
Queen Victoria was born on 24 May in 1819 at Kensington Palace, London. She was christened as Alexandrina Victoria and was formally addressed as Her Royal Highness Princess Victoria of Kent.
Queen Victoria and Albert
On 10 February 1840, Victoria Married her first cousin, Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. The royal couple had first met a few days before Victoria's 17th birthday, four years earlier.
Victoria and Albert are known for their incredibly close relationship, inspiring dozens of books, films and series.
While Victoria is seen as the ruler of Britain, Albert played an essential role in supporting public causes, such as military and educational reform and the abolition of slavery. He is known for the resounding success of the Great Exhibition of 1851, which showed the world Britain's technological achievements. This World's Fair laid the foundations for several public museums, such as the Victoria & Albert Museum and the Natural History Museum.
In 1845, Prince Albert bought Nelson's Trafalgar coat for £150. He gifted it to the Royal Naval Asylum, where the Old Royal Naval College now stands. It has been on display in Greenwich ever since.
Albert died in December 1861 aged 42, when the Queen was the same age. Victoria never recovered from his death. She dressed in black as a sign of mourning for the rest of her life.
How long did Queen Victoria reign?
Queen Victoria reigned for exactly sixty-three years, seven months, and two days (20 June 1837 - 22 January 1901). Her rule is the second longest after Queen Elizabeth II.
Queen Victoria assassination attempts
During Victoria's reign, eight assassination attempts were made on her life. All of them were unsuccessful.
The first attempt took place in 1840 when 18-year-old Edward Oxford fired at the Queen's carriage near Buckingham Palace in London. Oxford was accused of treason for his crime but was ultimately found not guilty for reasons of insanity.
Three attempts were made in 1842, two by the same man - John Francis, an unemployed carpenter. He attempted to shoot the Queen after her Sunday morning service at Chapel Royal in St James's Palace, London. On his second effort, he was promptly arrested and sent to Van Diemen's Land (later known as Tasmania), where he became a successful carpenter, helping to build the Launceston General Hospital on the island.
One year later, Robert Pate, a former officer, used a brass-tipped cane to hit the Queen in the head. Pate's attack was the only attempt that caused Victoria actual harm, and the mark on her forehead supposedly remained for a decade. Pate was immediately arrested and also sentenced to seven years in the Tasmanian penal colony. The reasons for the attack remain unknown.
A memorable final attempt took place in 1882 when a Scottish poet named Roderick Maclean shot at Queen Victoria's train carriage with a pistol as it left the Windsor train station. This was Maclean's eighth attempt at assassinating Victoria. Maclean was tried for high treason and was pronounced "not guilty, but insane." He was confined to an asylum until his death in 1921.
|
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29120
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yago
|
2
| 11 |
https://www.rct.uk/collection/403612/princess-helena-1846-1923
|
en
|
Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom (1819
|
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[] | null |
Princess Helena (1846-1923), nicknamed Lenchen, was the fifth child and third daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. She was lively, outspoken and something of a tomboy. In 1866 she married Prince Christian of Schleswig Holstein and in 1916 they celebrated their Golden Wedding anniversary; she was the only child of Queen Victoria to do so. Queen Victoria recorded in her Journal that she began to paint Lenchen on 19 August 1851 and worked on the painting for the next three days. Prince Albert...
|
en
| null |
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29120
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yago
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1
| 44 |
https://www.thebritishmonarchy.co.uk/post/otd-in-royal-history-1-16-july
|
en
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#otd in Royal History 1-16 July
|
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2023-06-30T23:00:00+00:00
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On this day in royal history 1-16 July.
Featuring; the Battle of the Boyne; Princess Diana; Elizabeth & Philip; Prince Michael & more...
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en
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The British Monarchy
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https://www.thebritishmonarchy.co.uk/post/otd-in-royal-history-1-16-july
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On this day in royal history - 1 July
Photo credit: Government Art Collection
1 July 1690
The Battle of the Boyne
Fought on 1 July 1690 between the forces of the deposed King James II & his successor, King William III, the Battle of the Boyne was the largest engagement ever to take place on Irish soil.
King James II's (1633-1701) attempts to secure religious toleration for Roman Catholics, & the dismissal of Protestant officers from his Army, led a small group of Protestant statesmen & Army officers to invite his son-in-law, William of Orange, to England. James fled &, in the 'Glorious Revolution' of 1688, a Protestant monarchy was reinstated under King William III & Queen Mary II.
The deposed king still had many supporters in Ireland. On 12 July 1690 (Modern Calendar; 1 July 1690 Old Style), his army met the forces of William III (1650-1702) by the Boyne River near the town of Drogheda, about 32 miles north of Dublin. Despite stiff resistance, William's forces eventually broke through the Jacobite centre & right, causing a general retreat.
Although the Battle of the Boyne was later celebrated as a decisive victory for William, Jacobite casualties were comparatively light & the greater part of James's army escaped. The battle is a key event for the Protestants of Northern Ireland, particularly the 'Orange Order', but the celebratory marches marking the anniversary are seen by Republicans and Nationalists as highly provocative. As a result they were often marred by violent confrontations during the height of the 'Troubles'.
1 July 1862
Princess Alice of the United Kingdom, second daughter of Queen Victoria, marries Prince Louis of Hesse, the future Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse.
Princess Alice of the United Kingdom (b.1843 – d.1878; later Princess Louis of Hesse & Grand Duchess of Hesse & by Rhine) was the third child & second daughter of Queen Victoria & Albert, Prince Consort.
Louis IV (b.1837 – d.1892), was the Grand Duke of Hesse & by Rhine, reigning from 13 June 1877 until his death. He was the first son & child of Prince Charles of Hesse and by Rhine (1809 – 1877) & Princess Elisabeth of Prussia (1815 – 1885), granddaughter of King Frederick William II of Prussia.
Between the engagement & the wedding, Alice's father Prince Albert died on 14 December 1861. Despite the Queen's grief, she ordered that the wedding should continue as planned. On 1 July 1862, Alice & Louis were married privately in the dining room of Osborne House, which was converted into a temporary chapel. The Queen was ushered in by her four sons, acting as a living screen blocking her from view, & took her place in an armchair near the altar. Alice was given away by her uncle, Albert's brother Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg & Gotha, & was flanked by four bridesmaids: her younger sisters, Princesses Helena, Louise & Beatrice, as well as Louis's sister Princess Anna.
For the ceremony, Alice wore a white dress with a veil of Honiton lace, but was required to wear black mourning clothes before & after the ceremony. The Queen, sitting in an armchair, struggled to hold back her tears, & was shielded from view by the Prince of Wales & Prince Alfred, her second son, who cried throughout the service. The weather at Osborne was dreary, with winds blowing up from the Channel. The Queen wrote to her eldest daughter, Victoria, that the ceremony was "more of a funeral than a wedding", & remarked to Alfred, Lord Tennyson that it was "the saddest day I can remember". The Queen gave her daughter a gold, diamond & pearl bracelet, inscribed as a gift from both parents To dear Alice from her loving parents Albert and Victoria R who though visibly parted are ever united, April 25, 1863. The ceremony described by Gerard Noel as "the saddest royal wedding in modern times" was over by 4 pm, & the couple set off for their honeymoon at St Claire in Ryde, a house lent to them by the Vernon Harcourt family. Alice's entourage consisted of Lady Churchill, General Seymour & Baron Westerweller (a Hessian courtier). Alice was careful not to displease the Queen after her marriage. When the Queen visited the couple at St Claire, Alice tried not to appear "too happy". Despite this, Alice's displays of romantic bliss made the Queen jealous of her daughter's happiness.
Visit my previous blog for more:
https://www.thebritishmonarchy.co.uk/post/victorian-brides-princess-alice
1 July 1961
Diana Princess of Wales was born (d.1997)
Diana was born on 1 July 1961, in Park House, Sandringham, Norfolk. The Honourable Diana Spencer was born into a family of British nobility with royal ancestry as The Honourable Diana Spencer. She was the fourth child and third daughter of John Spencer, Viscount Althorp and the Honourable Frances Roche. She grew up in Park House, situated on the Sandringham estate, and was educated in England and Switzerland. In 1975, after her father inherited the title of Earl Spencer, she became Lady Diana Spencer.
(read my Diana, Princess of Wales Biography)
1 July 1969
Prince Charles Investiture as Prince of Wales
Prince Charles (now King Charles III) was made the Prince of Wales, Earl of Chester by letters patent on 26 July 1958, but the official investiture was not held until 1 July 1969. The ceremony, at Caernarfon Castle, was well received by many Welsh people.
Previous investitures had taken place at various locations, including the Palace of Westminster, the seat of Parliament. The Welsh borough of Swansea was granted city status to mark the occasion. Taught by Welsh-nationalist politician Edward Millward, Prince Charles spent ten weeks leading up to his investiture learning about Welsh culture, history & language, & during the ceremony he gave his replies in both English & Welsh. He gave his address in Welsh. The investiture was watched by millions on television, & attracted large & excited crowds in Caernarfon.
The investiture of the Prince of Wales is the ceremony formally acknowledging a new Prince of Wales. The prince is presented & invested with the insignia of his rank & dignity, in the manner of a coronation. An investiture is purely ceremonial, as the title is created via letters patent. Investitures fell into abeyance & the revival of investing the Prince of Wales in 1911 was largely due to the instigation of David Lloyd George, a Welsh politician.
The tradition of investing the heir apparent of the English, & subsequently the British, monarch with the title of "Prince of Wales" began in 1301, when King Edward I of England, having completed the conquest of Wales, gave the title to his heir apparent, Prince Edward (later King Edward II of England). In 1911, the future King Edward VIII was invested in Caernarfon Castle in Wales. Prince Charles, was also invested there in 1969.
The ceremony in 1969 began with Prince Charles, led by the regalia bearers, entering the Chamberlain Tower, to await the arrival of Her Majesty. Once the royal family had arrived, the lesser members took their seats in the gallery, but the Queen & Duke of Edinburgh, led by the Earl of Snowdon, the Lord Great Chamberlain, the Earl Marshal & the Gentleman Usher carrying the Great Sword of State, made their way to the stage where the investiture was to be conducted. After reaching the podium, where the Secretary of State for Wales, carrying the letters patent, was already standing, the Earl Marshal instructed Garter to conduct the Prince & his cortège from the tower. As they came to the stage Prince Charles knelt before the three thrones on the stage. During the reading of the letters patent in Welsh, the Queen invested Charles with the girdle, sword, coronet, ring, rod & kingly mantle, in that order. Prince Charles then declared,
"I, Charles, Prince of Wales, do become your liege man of life & limb & of earthly worship, & faith & truth I will bear unto thee, to live & die against all manner of folks."
Charles then customarily kissed the Queen's cheek & they embraced. Charles then took his place in the throne at his mother's right, before standing to give two speeches, one in Welsh & one in English. A brief religious service was then conducted & the Queen led the Prince of Wales to Queen Eleanor's Gate, to receive the homage of his adopted nation. The numerous banners & standards of the Prince of Wales were hung from the balcony.
The letters patent stated that Charles Philip Arthur George would receive the title, style, honour & privilege of the Principality of Wales & Earldom of Chester.
Visit: Caernarfon Castle
2 July
2 July 1492
Elizabeth Tudor was born (d.1495)
Elizabeth Tudor was the second daughter & fourth child of Henry VII of England & Elizabeth of York. She was born on 2 July 1492 at Sheen Palace in Surrey (later rebuilt by her father as Richmond Palace, the remains of which are now part of Richmond-Upon-Thames, London). Elizabeth spent much of her short life at the royal nursery of Eltham Palace, Kent, with her older siblings Margaret (later Queen of Scotland) & Henry (the future Henry VIII of England). Elizabeth's oldest brother, Arthur, was heir to the English throne & so lived separately in his own household. Just before Elizabeth's death, her father proposed a marriage alliance between Elizabeth & the French prince Francis, who later became king as Francis I of France.
Elizabeth died at Eltham Palace in Kent on 14 September 1495. She was brought from Eltham in state & buried on the north side of the Chapel of St. Edward the Confessor in Westminster Abbey on 27 September. Elizabeth was the first of four of Henry & Elizabeth's children to die prematurely, & they were greatly affected. The large sum of £318 (more than £155,000 in today's money) was spent on her funeral, & Henry erected a small tomb to his daughter in the abbey made from Purbeck & black marble. On top of the monument is a finely polished slab of black Lydian, upon which were placed inscriptions to Elizabeth & her effigy of copper gilt, both of which have now disappeared with time. The Latin from the inscription can be translated:
'Elizabeth, second child of Henry the Seventh King of England, France & Ireland & of the most serene lady Queen Elizabeth his consort, who was born on the second day of the month of July in the year of Our Lord 1492, & died on the 14th day of the month of September in the year of Our Lord 1495, upon whose soul may God have mercy. Amen.'
The plate at the feet of her effigy is translated:
'Hereafter Death has a royal offspring in this tomb viz. the young & noble Elizabeth daughter of that illustrious prince, Henry the Seventh, who swayed the sceptre of two kingdoms, Atropos, the most severe messenger of Death, snatched her away but may she have eternal life in Heaven.'
The following year in 1496, Henry & Elizabeth had another daughter, Mary, who became the Queen of France. Their final two children, Edmund (who died in 1500 at the age of 15 months) & her younger sister Katherine (who died in 1503 shortly after birth) were laid to rest by young Elizabeth's side.
2 July 1903
Olav V king of Norway was born in Appleton House on the royal Sandringham Estate, Flitcham, England.
Born Prince Alexander of Denmark; Olav was King of Norway from 1957 until his death on 17 January 1991.
Olav was the only child of King Haakon VII of Norway & Maud of Wales (daughter of King Edward VII & Queen Alexandra of the United Kingdom). He became heir apparent to the Norwegian throne when his father was elected King of Norway in 1905. He was the first heir to the Norwegian throne to be brought up in Norway since Olav IV in the fourteenth century, & his parents made sure he was given as Norwegian an upbringing as possible. In preparation for his future role, he attended both civilian & military schools. In 1929, he married his first cousin Princess Märtha of Sweden. During World War II his leadership was much appreciated & he was appointed Norwegian Chief of Defence in 1944. Olav became king following the death of his father in 1957. Owing to his considerate, down-to-earth style, King Olav was immensely popular, resulting in the nickname Folkekongen ("The People's King"). In a 2005 poll by the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation, Olav was voted "Norwegian of the Century".
Olav was a 1st cousin once removed of Queen Elizabeth II. Their common ancestor is Edward VII.
Did You Know? Olav was an accomplished athlete. He jumped from the Holmenkollen ski jump in Oslo & competed in sailing regattas. He won a gold medal in sailing at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam & remained an active sailor into old age.
3 July
3 July 1449
James II of Scotland married Mary of Guelders at Holyrood Abbey.
Negotiations for a marriage to Mary of Guelders began in July 1447, when a Burgundian envoy came to Scotland, & were concluded by an embassy under Crichton the chancellor in September 1448. Her great-uncle, Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, settled sixty thousand crowns on his kinswoman, & her dower of ten thousand was secured on lands in Strathearn, Athole, Methven, & Linlithgow. A tournament took place before James at Stirling, on 25 February 1449, between James, master of Douglas, another James, brother to the Laird of Lochleven, & two knights of Burgundy, one of whom, Jacques de Lalain, was the most celebrated knight-errant of the time. The marriage was celebrated at Holyrood on 3 July 1449. A French chronicler, Mathieu d'Escouchy, gives a graphic account of the ceremony & the feasts which followed. Many Flemings in Mary's suite remained in Scotland, & the relations between Scotland & Flanders, already friendly under James I, consequently became closer.
They had seven children;
Unnamed son (19 May 1450).
James III (10 July 1451 - 11 June 1488), James's successor as King of Scots.
Mary Stewart, Countess of Arran (13 May 1453 - May 1488)
Alexander, Duke of Albany (c. 1454 - 7 August 1485)
David, Earl of Moray (c. 1455 Bef. - July 1457
John Stewart, 1st Earl of Mar and Garioch (c. 1456 - c. 1479
Margaret (1453 to 1460, death unknown)
Margaret of York (3 May 1446 – 23 November 1503)—also by marriage known as Margaret of Burgundy—was Duchess of Burgundy as the third wife of Charles the Bold & acted as a protector of the Burgundian State after his death. She was a daughter of Richard, 3rd Duke of York, & Cecily Neville, & the sister of two kings of England, Edward IV & Richard III. She was born at Fotheringhay Castle, Northamptonshire, in the Kingdom of England, & she died at Mechelen in the Low Countries.
On 27 June 1468, Margaret met Charles for the first time, & the pair were privately married between 5am and 6am on 3 July, in the house of a wealthy merchant of Damme. Charles then left for Bruges, allowing the new Duchess the honour of entering separately a few hours later.
The celebrations that followed were extravagant even by the standards of the Burgundians, who were already noted for their opulence & generous festivities. The bride made her Joyous Entry in a golden litter drawn by white horses, wearing upon her head a coronet. During this procession, she charmed the burghers of Bruges when she chose to wave to them rather than shut herself away from the wind & rain. In the city itself, wine spurted freely from sculpted archers & artificial pelicans in artificial trees; the canals were decorated with torches, & the bridges decked with flowers; the arms of the happy couple were displayed everywhere, accompanied by the mottoes of the pair: Charles's Je l'ay emprins ("I have undertaken it") & Margaret's Bien en aviengne ("May good come of it"). The celebrations also included the "Tournament of the Golden Tree" that was arranged around an elaborately detailed allegory, designed to honor the bride.
When the Duke & Duchess appeared there, both wore magnificent crowns. Margaret's crown was adorned with pearls, & with enamelled white roses for the House of York set between red, green & white enamelled letters of the Latinization of her name ("Margarita de York", m ar ga ri ta de yo rk), with gold Cs & Ms, entwined with lovers' knots (Pictured, it can still be seen in the treasury at Aachen Cathedral). The removal of the crown to Aachen was significant, since it allowed its survival from the ravages of the later English Civil War which involved the destruction of all the main English Crown Jewels. It thus remains one of only two medieval royal British crowns still surviving, the other being the Crown of Princess Blanche. "Margaret wore this crown at her wedding to Charles the Bold in Bruges in 1468...The leather case belonging to the crown still bears traces of old gilt. The initials CM as well as the coats of arms of York & Burgundy are again found on the lid. The rest of the case is decorated with tendrils & small dragons embossed in the leather. Margaret presented the crown to the Church of Our Lady during a visit to Aachen in 1475. Today the statue of Our Lady, placed next to the altar in the cathedral, wears the crown on festive days. In 1475 a matching crown was fashioned for the child."
Charles wore an equally splendid crown, accompanied by a golden gown encrusted with diamonds, pearls & great jewels. The parades, the streets lined with tapestry hung from houses, the feasting, the masques & allegorical entertainments, the jewels, impressed all observers as "the marriage of the century". It is re-enacted at Bruges for tourists every five years with the next event in 2022, the last one having taken place in August 2017.
The couple had no children, & Charles died at the Battle of Nancy* in 1477 at the hands of Swiss mercenaries fighting for René II, Duke of Lorraine.
*The Battle of Nancy was the final & decisive battle of the Burgundian Wars, fought outside the walls of Nancy on 5 January 1477 by Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, against René II, Duke of Lorraine, & the Swiss Confederacy. René's forces won the battle, & Charles' mutilated body was found three days later.
4 July
4 July 1942
Prince Michael of Kent was born at Coppins, Iver, Buckinghamshire.
His father was the Duke of Kent, fourth son of King George V & Queen Mary, & was killed in a plane crash near Caithness, Scotland, on 25 August 1942, just six weeks after his third child was born.
His mother was Princess Marina of Greece & Denmark, Duchess of Kent, a daughter of Prince Nicholas of Greece & Denmark & of Grand Duchess Elena Vladimirovna of Russia. (The Duchess of Kent's parents were second cousins to one another, being that Nicholas' mother Olga Constantinovna of Russia & Elena's father Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russia were first cousins through the line of Nicholas I of Russia.)
As a grandchild of a British sovereign in the male line, he is styled as a Prince of the United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland with the prefix His Royal Highness. Michael was christened on 4 August 1942 in the Private Chapel of Windsor Castle. Among his godparents were King George VI (his paternal uncle); the Queen of the Netherlands; the King of Norway (his great-uncle); US President Franklin D. Roosevelt, & the Hereditary Princess of Greece (who was not present), the wife of Paul of Greece, his first cousin-once-removed. He is named after Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia, the younger brother of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, & a first cousin of three of Michael's grandparents. Since his mother was a cousin of Prince Philip, he is also a second cousin to Prince Charles & his siblings
Did you know? At the age of five, Prince Michael was a page boy at the wedding of his cousins Princess Elizabeth (now Queen Elizbaeth II) & Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten.
Prince Michael of Kent is 52nd in the line of succession to the British throne as of February 2022. Michael occasionally represents the Queen at some functions in Commonwealth realms outside the United Kingdom. Otherwise, he manages his own consultancy business & undertakes various commercial work around the world. He has also presented some television documentaries on the royal families of Europe. He married Baroness Marie-Christine von Reibnitz (b.1945) in 1978. They have two children; Lord Frederick Windsor (b.1979) & Lady Gabriella Kingston (b.1981).
5 July
5 July 1321
Joan of the Tower was born.
The youngest daughter of King Edward II of England & Isabella of France, Joan was born in the Tower of London on 5 July 1321. Her siblings were the future Edward III, King of England, John of Eltham, Earl of Cornwall, & Eleanor of Woodstock. In accordance with the Treaty of Northampton, Joan was married on 17 July 1328 to David, the son & heir of Robert the Bruce, at Berwick-upon-Tweed. She was a very young seven years old & he was only four at the time of their marriage. Their marriage lasted 34 years, but it was childless & apparently loveless. On 7 June 1329, Robert I of Scotland died & David became king. He was crowned at Scone Abbey in November 1331.
After the victory of Edward III of England & his protégé Edward Balliol at the Battle of Halidon Hill near Berwick-upon-Tweed in July 1333, David & Joan were sent for safety to France. They reached Boulogne-sur-Mer in May 1334, where they were received by Philip VI, her mother's cousin. Little is known about the life of the Scottish king & queen in France, except that they took up residence at Château Gaillard & Philip treated them with regard.
Meanwhile, David's representatives had obtained the upper hand in Scotland, & David & Joan were thus enabled to return in June 1341, when he took the reins of government into his own hands. David II was taken prisoner at the Battle of Neville's Cross in County Durham on 17 October 1346, & remained imprisoned in England for eleven years. Although Edward III allowed Joan to visit her husband in the Tower of London a few times, she did not become pregnant. After his release in 1357, she decided to remain in England. Joan was close to her mother, whom she nursed during her last days.
Joan died in 1362, aged 41, at Hertford Castle, Hertfordshire. By that time, she had been estranged from David II for many years. She was buried in Christ Church Greyfriars, London, which was heavily bombed in the Blitz. No trace of her tomb now survives.
5 July 1866
Princess Helena married Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
5 July 1917
George V visited the Western Front with King Albert I of Belgium
During the First World War King George V took his ceremonial duties seriously. Along with, Queen Mary, he made hundreds of official tours to review troops, inspect factories & shipyards, & visit hospitals.
On a tour of the Western Front in 1915, during an inspection of British troops, he was thrown from a horse & injured to the point that he endured pain & discomfort for the rest of his life.
"The king rode along the first three or four ranks, then crossed the road to the other three of four ranks on the other side, speaking to an officer there. Our instructions had been that at the end of the conclusion of the parade we were to put our caps on the points of our fixed bayonets & wave & cheer. So that's what we did - 'Hip, hip, hooray.' Well, the King’s horse reared & he fell off. He just seemed to slide off & so the second 'Hip, hip, hooray' fizzled out. It was quite a fiasco & you should have seen the confusion as these other high-ranking officers rushed to dismount & go to the King’s assistance. They got him up & the last we saw of him was being hurriedly driven away!
- Corporal Edward Glendinning, 12th Battalion, Notts & Derby Regiment.
- Extract from Forgotten Voices of the Great War by Max Arthur.
The war directly affected the Royal Family in many other ways. The king’s two eldest sons both served in uniform: the Prince of Wales, the later Edward, Duke of Windsor (1894-1972), in a staff position with the army behind the Western Front, Prince Albert, the future George VI, King of Great Britain (1895-1952), on HMS Collingwood during the Battle of Jutland.
Anti-German hysteria in Britain led the king to change the name of his dynasty from the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, a legacy of the marriage of his grandmother Victoria, Queen of Great Britain (1819-1901), to the quintessentially English House of Windsor. He also implemented an austerity regime in the Royal Household & rarely wore anything during the war other than military uniform. To his regret, he allowed himself to be talked into giving up alcohol for the duration to set an example for factory worker!
5 July 2015
Princess Charlotte of Cambridge christening
Princess Charlotte, the second child of the Duke & Duchess of Cambridge, was born at 08:34 BST on 2 May 2015 in Lindo Wing of St Mary's Hospital, London. On 4 May, her name was announced as Charlotte Elizabeth Diana, honouring her great-grandmother Queen Elizabeth II & grandmother Diana, Princess of Wales. She has been affectionately called "Lottie" & "Mignonette" by her parents.
On 5 July 2015, Charlotte was christened by the Archbishop of Canterbury at St Mary Magdalene Church, Sandringham, the same church where her paternal grandmother was christened in 1961. Her godparents are her parents' cousins Laura Fellowes & Adam Middleton, & family friends Thomas van Straubenzee, James Meade, & Sophie Carter. Princess Charlotte wore the royal christening gown, & the ceremony used the Lily Font, which was made for Princess Victoria, with water from the River Jordan.
6 July
6 July 1189
Henry II died (b. 5 March 1133)
Henry II was King of England from 1154 until his death in 1189. He was the first king of the House of Plantagenet.
King Louis VII of France made him Duke of Normandy in 1150. Henry became Count of Anjou & Maine upon the death of his father, Count Geoffrey V, in 1151. His marriage in 1152 to Eleanor of Aquitaine (c. 1122 – 1 April 1204), whose marriage to Louis VII had recently been annulled, made him Duke of Aquitaine. He became Count of Nantes by treaty in 1185. Before he was 40 he controlled England, large parts of Wales, the eastern half of Ireland & the western half of France; an area that was later called the Angevin Empire. At various times, Henry also partially controlled Scotland & the Duchy of Brittany. Henry became actively involved by the age of 14 in the efforts of his mother Matilda, daughter of Henry I of England, to claim the throne of England, then occupied by Stephen of Blois. Stephen agreed to a peace treaty after Henry's military expedition to England in 1153, & Henry inherited the kingdom on Stephen's death a year later. Henry was an energetic & sometimes ruthless ruler, driven by a desire to restore the lands & privileges of his grandfather Henry I. During the early years of his reign the younger Henry restored the royal administration in England, re-established hegemony over Wales & gained full control over his lands in Anjou, Maine & Touraine. Henry's desire to reform the relationship with the Church led to conflict with his former friend Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury. This controversy lasted for much of the 1160s & resulted in Becket's murder in 1170. Henry soon came into conflict with Louis VII, & the two rulers fought what has been termed a "cold war" over several decades. Henry expanded his empire at Louis's expense, taking Brittany and pushing east into central France & south into Toulouse; despite numerous peace conferences & treaties, no lasting agreement was reached.
Henry & Eleanor had eight children—three daughters & five sons. Three of his sons would be king, though Henry the Young King was named his father's co-ruler rather than a stand-alone king. As the sons grew up, tensions over the future inheritance of the empire began to emerge, encouraged by Louis and his son King Philip II. In 1173 Henry's heir apparent, "Young Henry", rebelled in protest; he was joined by his brothers Richard (later king) & Geoffrey & by their mother, Eleanor. France, Scotland, Brittany, Flanders, & Boulogne allied themselves with the rebels. The Great Revolt was only defeated by Henry's vigorous military action & talented local commanders, many of them "new men" appointed for their loyalty & administrative skills. Young Henry & Geoffrey revolted again in 1183, resulting in Young Henry's death. The Norman invasion of Ireland provided lands for his youngest son John (later king), but Henry struggled to find ways to satisfy all his sons' desires for land & immediate power. By 1189, Young Henry & Geoffrey were dead, & Philip successfully played on Richard's fears that Henry II would make John king, leading to a final rebellion. Decisively defeated by Philip & Richard & suffering from a bleeding ulcer, Henry retreated to Chinon Castle in Anjou. He died soon afterwards & was succeeded by Richard. Henry's empire quickly collapsed during the reign of his son John (who succeeded Richard), but many of the changes Henry introduced during his long rule had long-term consequences. Henry's legal changes are generally considered to have laid the basis for the English Common Law, while his intervention in Brittany, Wales, & Scotland shaped the development of their societies & governmental systems.
Henry II & Eleanor had eight children;
William IX, Count of Poitiers (17 August 1153 - April 1156), died in infancy.
Henry the Young King 28 February (1155 - 11 June 1183) married Margaret of France.
Matilda, duchess of Saxony & Bavaria (June 1156 - 13 July 1189), married Henry the Lion, duke of Saxony & Bavaria her son Otto IV,became Holy Roman Emperor.
Richard I of England (8 September 1157 - 6 April 1199), married Berengaria of Navarre.
Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany (23 September 1158 - 19 August 1186), married Constance, Duchess of Brittany.
Eleanor, queen of Castile (13 October 1162 - 31 October 1214), married Alfonso VIII of Castile; their children included, Henry I, king of Castile, Berengaria, queen regnant of Castile and queen of León, Urraca, queen of Portugal, Blanche, queen of France, Eleanor, queen of Aragon.
Joan, queen of Sicily (October 1165 - 4 September 1199), married 1) William II of Sicily 2) Raymond VI of Toulouse.
John, King of England (27 December 1166 - 19 October 1216), married 1) Isabella, countess of Gloucester 2) Isabella, countess of Angoulême; their children included Henry III, King of England, Richard, king of the Romans, Joan, queen of Scotland, & Isabella, Holy Roman Empress.
6 July 1189
Richard I accession
Richard I (8 September 1157 – 6 April 1199) was King of England from 1189 until his death in 1199. He also ruled as Duke of Normandy, Aquitaine & Gascony, Lord of Cyprus, & Count of Poitiers, Anjou, Maine, & Nantes, & was overlord of Brittany at various times during the same period. He was the third of five sons of King Henry II of England & Eleanor of Aquitaine & seemed unlikely to become king, but all his brothers except the youngest, John, predeceased their father. Richard is known as Richard Cœur de Lion (Norman French: Le quor de lion) or Richard the Lionheart because of his reputation as a great military leader & warrior.
By the age of 16, Richard had taken command of his own army, putting down rebellions in Poitou against his father. Richard was an important Christian commander during the Third Crusade, leading the campaign after the departure of Philip II of France & achieving considerable victories against his Muslim counterpart, Saladin, although he finalized a peace treaty & ended the campaign without retaking Jerusalem.
Richard probably spoke both French & Occitan. He was born in England, where he spent his childhood; before becoming king, however, he lived most of his adult life in the Duchy of Aquitaine, in the southwest of France. Following his accession, he spent very little time, perhaps as little as six months, in England. Most of his life as king was spent on Crusade, in captivity, or actively defending his lands in France.
6 July 1483
Richard III is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey alongside his wife Anne Neville.
At the ceremony, Richard, wearing ‘Robes of Purple Velvett’ & his wife, Anne of Warwick, wearing a ‘rich Coronett set with Stones & Pearle’ walked with bare feet into the abbey for what has been described as the most magnificent coronation of the century. At the mass which followed, they were ‘both housled with one host devided betwene them’, they shared a piece of communion bread, & the service ended as they both made an offering at the shrine of Edward the Confessor.
The banquet afterwards in Westminster Hall began at four o’clock & lasted well into the evening. As expected, the king’s champion, Sir Robert Dymoke, entered the hall, his horse draped with white & crimson silk; but, with sharp memories of what had happened to Lord Hastings (executed) less than a month before, it isn’t surprising that no one dared pick up the gauntlet which Sir Robert flung down before the guests.
Visit: The King Richard III visitor centre
6 July 1553
Edward VI died aged 15
Edward VI (12 October 1537 – 6 July 1553) was the King of England & Ireland from 28 January 1547 until his death in 1553. He was crowned on 20 February at the age of nine. Edward was the son of Henry VIII & Jane Seymour, & England's first monarch to be raised as a Protestant.
The cause of Edward VI's death is not certain. As with many royal deaths in the 16th century, rumours of poisoning abounded, but no evidence has been found to support these. Another theory held that Edward had been poisoned by Catholics seeking to bring Mary to the throne. The surgeon who opened Edward's chest after his death found that "the disease whereof his majesty died was the disease of the lungs". The Venetian ambassador reported that Edward had died of consumption in other words, tuberculosis a diagnosis accepted by many historians.
It is now believed that Edward contracted the tuberculosis after a bout of measles & smallpox in 1552 that suppressed his natural immunity to the disease. Loach suggests instead that his symptoms were typical of acute bronchopneumonia, leading to a "suppurating pulmonary infection" or lung abscess, septicaemia, & kidney failure.
He was buried in Henry VII Lady Chapel at Westminster Abbey on 8 August 1553, with reformed rites performed by Thomas Cranmer.
The procession was led by "a grett company of chylderyn in ther surples" & watched by Londoners "wepyng & lamenting"; the funeral chariot, draped in cloth of gold, was topped by an effigy of Edward, with crown, sceptre, & garter.
6 July 1893
The wedding of Prince George, Duke of York (later King George V), & Princess Mary of Teck (later Queen Mary) took place at the Chapel Royal, St. James's Palace
Prince George, Duke of York & Princess Mary of Teck were married at 12:30 on 6 July 1893 at the Chapel Royal at St. James's Palace. On the morning of their wedding, George accidentally caught sight of his fiancée down a long corridor of Buckingham Palace; he proceeded to make a "low & courtly bow," a gesture Mary never forgot. .
Princess Mary was attended by ten bridesmaids: George's sisters Princesses Victoria & Maud of Wales; & his first cousins Princesses Victoria Melita, Alexandra, & Beatrice of Edinburgh; Princesses Margaret & Patricia of Connaught; Princesses Alice & Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg; & Princess Helena Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein.
The royal parties were brought in large carriage processions, consisting of open landaus. Mary entered in the final procession with her father the Duke of Teck & her eldest brother Prince Adolphus of Teck. Mary greeted the crowds' applause with her "side-ways smile," & with "a little nervous gesture of her white-gloved right hand". As royal weddings were historically popular spectacles, the wedding attracted large crowds, many of which gathered in the route from Buckingham Palace to St James's Palace to give the couple an "enthusiastic reception.
7 July
7 July 1307
Edward I died
Edward I (born.17 June 1239) was King of England from 1272 to 1307.
In February 1307, On his way to fight the Scots, the 68 year old king developed dysentery, & his condition deteriorated. On 6 July he encamped at Burgh by Sands, just south of the Scottish border. When his servants came the next morning to lift him up so that he could eat, he died in their arms. The new king, Edward II, remained in the north until August, but then abandoned the campaign & headed south. He was crowned king on 25 February 1308.
Edward I's body was brought south, laying in state at Waltham Abbey, before being buried in Westminster Abbey on 27 October. There are few records of the funeral, which cost £473. Edward's tomb was an unusually plain sarcophagus of Purbeck marble, without the customary royal effigy, possibly the result of the shortage of royal funds after the King's death. The sarcophagus may normally have been covered over with rich cloth, & originally might have been surrounded by carved busts & a devotional religious image, all since lost.
The Society of Antiquaries opened the tomb in 1774, finding that the body had been well preserved over the preceding 467 years, & took the opportunity to determine the King's original height. Traces of the Latin inscription Edwardus Primus Scottorum Malleus hic est, 1308. Pactum Serva ("Here is Edward I, Hammer of the Scots, 1308. Keep the Vow"), which can still be seen painted on the side of the tomb, referring to his vow to avenge the rebellion of Robert Bruce.
This resulted in Edward being given the epithet the "Hammer of the Scots" by historians, but is not contemporary in origin, having been added by the Abbot John Feckenham in the 16th century.
Key facts
Reign: King of England - 20 November 1272 – 7 July 1307.
Coronation: 19 August 1274, Westminster Abbey.
Edward I was also known as Edward Longshanks. Edward I was a tall man for his era, at 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m), hence the nickname "Longshanks".
Born: 17/18 June 1239, Palace of Westminster.
Parents: King Henry III & Eleanor of Provence.
House of: Plantagenet.
Married (1.): Eleanor of Castile in 1254. Eleanor (1241 – 28 November 1290), was the daughter of Ferdinand III of Castile & Joan, Countess of Ponthieu.
Children;
A daughter (May 1255 – 29 May 1255), stillborn or died shortly after birth.
Katherine (before 17 June 1264 – 5 September 1264).
Joanna (Summer or January 1265 – before 7 September 1265).
John (13 July 1266 – 3 August 1271).
Henry (6 May 1268 – 14 October 1274).
Eleanor (c. 18 June 1269 – 19 August 1298), in 1293 she married Henry III, Count of Bar.
Juliana (after May 1271 – 5 September 1271), born & died while Edward & Eleanor were in Acre.
Joan of Acre (1272 – 23 April 1307), married (1) in 1290 Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford, who died in 1295, & (2) in 1297 Ralph de Monthermer.
Alphonso, Earl of Chester (24 November 1273 – 19 August 1284).
Margaret (c.15 March 1275 – after 11 March 1333), married John II of Brabant in 1290.
Berengaria (May 1276 – between 7 June 1277 & 1278).
Daughter (December 1277 – January 1278)
Mary of Woodstock (11 March 1278– before 8 July 1332), a Benedictine nun in Amesbury.
Son (1280/81 – 1280/81), little evidence exists for this child.
Elizabeth of Rhuddlan (c. 7 August 1282 – 5 May 1316), married (1) in 1297 John I, Count of Holland, (2) in 1302 Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford.
Edward II (25 April 1284 – 21 September 1327), married Isabella of France.
Married (2.): Margaret of France (c. 1279 – 14 February 1318) in 1299, the daughter of Philip III of France & Maria of Brabant.
Children;
Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk (1 June 1300 – 4 August 1338). Married (1) Alice Hales; (2) Mary Brewes.
Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent (5 August 1301 – 19 March 1330), married Margaret Wake, 3rd Baroness Wake of Liddell.
Eleanor (6 May 1306 – 1310).
Died: 7 July 1307, Burgh by Sands, Cumberland.
Burial: 27 October 1307, Westminster Abbey.
Successor: Edward II (son).
Groat of Edward I (4 pence). Two coins showing obverse & reverse of same denomination. On left is the obverse, showing a head with a coronet. Surrounding text says, in abbreviated Latin, "Edward, by the grace of God King of England". The reverse shows a cross & the text "Duke of Aquitaine & Lord of Ireland", & "Made in London".
8 July
8 July 975
Edgar the Peaceful (Ēadgār), king of the English died
Reign: 1 October 959 – 8 July 975.
Born: 943 or 944, England.
Parents: Edmund I & Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury.
House of: Wessex.
Marriages & children;
(1.) Æthelflæd Eneda (the 'white duck')
Children:
Edward the Martyr (born c. 962 - died 978)
(2.) Wulfthryth of Wilton. (d. c.1000)
Children:
Edith of Wilton also known as Saint Edith (c. 961 – 16 September 984)
(3.) Ælfthryth (c. 945 – 1000 or 1001). She was the daughter of Ealdorman Ordgar. Her mother was a member of the royal family of Wessex. The family's power lay in the west of Wessex.
Children:
Edmund Atheling (born c. 966 - died c.970)
Æthelred the Unready (born c. 968 - d. 23 April 1016)
Edgar the Peaceful died: 8 July 975 (aged 30-32), Winchester, Hampshire, England.
Burial: Glastonbury Abbey
Successor: Edward the Martyr (son).
Edgar became king of all England on his brother's death in 959. A chronological account of Edgar's reign is not possible, because only a few events were recorded by chroniclers & monastic writers were more interested in recording the activities of the leaders of the church.
Edgar mainly followed the political policies of his predecessors, whereas there were major changes in the religious sphere & the English Benedictine Reform, which he strongly supported, became a dominant religious & social force. It is seen by historians as a major achievement, & it was accompanied by a literary & artistic flowering, mainly associated with Æthelwold, Bishop of Winchester.
England had suffered from Viking invasions for over a century when he came to power, but there were none during his reign, which fell in a lull in attacks between the mid-950s & the early 980s. After his death the throne was disputed between the supporters of his two surviving sons, & the elder one, Edward the Martyr, was chosen with the support of Dunstan, the Archbishop of Canterbury. Three years later Edward was murdered & succeeded by his younger half-brother, Æthelred the Unready. Later chroniclers presented Edgar's reign as a golden age when England was free from external attacks & internal disorder, especially compared with Æthelred's disastrous rule.
8 July 1972 - Prince Richard married Birgitte Van Deurs
Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester, (born 26 August 1944) is the second son of Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester & Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester, as well as the youngest of the nine grandchildren of King George V & Queen Mary. At birth, he was fifth in the line of succession to the British throne; currently he is 30th & the highest person on the list who is not a direct descendant of King George VI, who was his uncle. He practised as an architect until the death of his elder brother placed him in direct line to inherit his father's dukedom of Gloucester, which he assumed in 1974. He is a paternal first cousin of Queen Elizabeth II.
On 8 July 1972, Richard married the Danish-born Birgitte van Deurs (20 June 1946) in St Andrew's Church at Barnwell, Northamptonshire; they have three children:
Alexander Patrick Gregers Richard Windsor, Earl of Ulster (born 24 October 1974 at St Mary's Hospital, London)
Lady Davina Elizabeth Alice Benedikte Windsor (born 19 November 1977 at St Mary's Hospital, London)
Lady Rose Victoria Birgitte Louise Gilman (born 1 March 1980 at St Mary's Hospital, London.
9 July
9 July 1540
King Henry VIII annuls his marriage to his fourth wife, Anne of Cleves
Anne was commanded to leave the Court on 24 June 1540, & on 6 July she was informed of her husband's decision to reconsider the marriage. Witness statements were taken from a number of courtiers & two physicians which register the king's disappointment at her appearance. Henry had also commented to Thomas Heneage & Anthony Denny that he could not believe she was a virgin. Shortly afterwards, Anne was asked for her consent to an annulment, to which she agreed. Thomas Cromwell, the moving force behind the marriage, was attainted for treason.
The marriage was annulled on 9 July 1540, on the grounds of non-consummation & her pre-contract to Francis of Lorraine. On 28 July Henry married his fifth wife, Catherine Howard: on the same day Thomas Cromwell was executed, in theory for treason, but in practice as a scapegoat for the doomed marriage.
The former queen received a generous settlement, including Richmond Palace, & Hever Castle, home of Henry's former in-laws, the Boleyns. Anne of Cleves House, in Lewes, Sussex, is just one of many properties she owned; she never lived there. Henry & Anne became good friends she was an honorary member of the King's family & was referred to as "the King's Beloved Sister". She was invited to court often &, out of gratitude for her not contesting the annulment, Henry decreed that she would be given precedence over all women in England save his own wife & daughters.
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9 July 1947
Princess Elizabeth (later Queen Elizabeth II) & Philip Mountbatten officially announce their engagement.
The couple became secretly engaged in 1946, when Philip asked King George VI for his daughter's hand in marriage. The King granted his request providing any formal engagement was delayed until Elizabeth's 21st birthday the following April. Their engagement was officially announced on 9 July 1947. Philip proposed to Elizabeth with a 3-carat round diamond ring consisting of "a centre stone flanked by 10 smaller pave diamonds." The diamonds were taken from a tiara that belonged to Philip's mother, Princess Alice of Battenberg, & were also used to create a quatrefoil bracelet for Elizabeth. The King gave his formal consent to the marriage in his British Privy Council, in accordance within the Royal Marriages Act 1772. The same was done in Canada at a meeting of the King's Canadian Privy Council, with the Chief Justice of Canada, Thibaudeau Rinfret, standing in as deputy to the King's representative, the Governor General of Canada
10 July
10 July 1553
Lady Jane Grey becomes Queen of England
House of: Grey
Coronation: never crowned
Marriage: Lord Guildford Dudley (c. 1535 – 12 February 1554), an English nobleman, in 1553.
Died: 12 February 1554, executed at the Tower of London
Burial: Church of St Peter ad Vincula, Tower of London
Successor: Mary I (cousin).
"My devise for the Succession" by Edward VI. The draft will was the basis for the letters patent which declared Lady Jane Grey successor to the Crown. Edward's autograph shows his alteration of his text, from "L Janes heires masles" to "L Jane and her heires masles". Inner Temple Library, London.
11 July
11 July 1751
Caroline Matilda, British princess, queen consort of Denmark was born
11 July 1818
William IV married Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen
William & Adelaide had no surviving children.
Princess Charlotte Augusta Louisa of Clarence (27 March 1819), Princess Adelaide caught pleurisy & gave birth prematurely at the Fürstenhof Palace in Hanover.
A Stillborn child (5 September 1819). Born dead at Calais or Dunkirk.
Princess Elizabeth Georgiana Adelaide of Clarence (10 December 1820 - 4 March 1821). Elizabeth seemed strong but died less than three months old on 4 March 1821 of "inflammation in the Bowels".
Stillborn twin boys (8 April 1822). Born dead at Bushy Park.
William was survived by eight of the ten illegitimate children he had by the actress Dorothea Jordan, with whom he cohabited for twenty years, prior to his marriage to Princess Adelaide.
12 July
12 July 1472
The Duke of Gloucester (later Richard III) married Anne Neville
Following a decisive Yorkist victory over the Lancastrians at the Battle of Tewkesbury, Richard married Anne Neville on 12 July 1472. By the end of 1470 Anne had previously been wedded to Edward of Westminster, only son of Henry VI, to seal her father's allegiance to the Lancastrian party. Edward died at the Battle of Tewkesbury on 4 May 1471, while Warwick had died at the Battle of Barnet on 14 April 1471. Richard & Anne had one son, Edward of Middleham, who was born between 1474 & 1476. He was created Earl of Salisbury on 15 February 1478, & Prince of Wales on 24 August 1483, & died in March 1484, less than two months after he had been formally declared heir apparent.
12 July 1543
Henry VIII married Catherine Parr
Henry married his sixth & last wife, the wealthy twice widowed Catherine Parr, 12 July 1543 at Hampton Court Palace.
A reformer at heart, she argued with Henry over religion. Ultimately, Henry remained committed to an idiosyncratic mixture of Catholicism & Protestantism; the reactionary mood which had gained ground following the fall of Thomas Cromwell had neither eliminated his Protestant streak nor been overcome by it. Catherine enjoyed a close relationship with Henry's three children & was personally involved in the education of Elizabeth & Edward. She was influential in Henry's passing of the Third Succession Act in 1543 that restored both his daughters, Mary & Elizabeth, to the line of succession to the throne.
Henry died on 28 January 1547. After the king's death Catherine was allowed to keep her jewels & gowns & until her own death was possibly considered queen dowager.
Six months after Henry's death, she married her fourth & final husband, Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley. The marriage was short-lived, as she died in September 1548, probably of complications of childbirth.
13 July
13 July 1807
Henry Benedict Stuart died (b.1725)
Henry Benedict Thomas Edward Maria Clement Francis Xavier Stuart, Cardinal Duke of York,
He was a Roman Catholic cardinal, as well as the fourth & final Jacobite heir to publicly claim the thrones of England, Scotland, France, & Ireland. Unlike his father, James Francis Edward Stuart, & brother, Charles Edward Stuart, Henry made no effort to seize the throne. After Charles's death in January 1788 the Papacy did not recognise Henry as the lawful ruler of England, Scotland, & Ireland, but referred to him as the Cardinal Duke of York.
He spent his life in the Papal States & had a long career in the clergy of the Roman Catholic Church, rising to become the Dean of the College of Cardinals & Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia & Velletri. At the time of his death he was (& still is) one of the longest-serving cardinals in the Church's history. In his youth, Henry's father made him Duke of York (in the Jacobite Peerage), & it was by this title that he was best known. Upon the death of his brother in 1788, Henry became known by Jacobites, & within his personal entourage, as Henry IX of England & Ireland, & Henry I of Scotland, although publicly he referred to himself as Cardinal-Duke of York nuncupatus.
13 July 1966
Princess Beatrice of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha died (b.1884)
Princess Beatrice of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, was a member of the British royal family, a male-line granddaughter of Queen Victoria. She later married into the Spanish royal family, & was the wife of Prince Alfonso de Orleans y Borbón, Infante of Spain. Her father was Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, the second son of Queen Victoria & Albert, Prince Consort. Her mother was Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia, the only surviving daughter of Alexander II of Russia & Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine.
14 July
14 July 1486
Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scots died
Margaret of Denmark (b.23 June 1456 – ) was Queen of Scotland from 1469 to 1486 by marriage to King James III.
Margaret was born in Denmark to King Christian I & Queen Dorothea of Denmark, Norway & Sweden. Not much is known about Margaret's upbringing. By the time she was four years old there were talks about her marriage to the Scottish Prince James. In 1468 Margaret was betrothed to James of Scotland as a means to stop a feud regarding the debt Scotland owed Denmark over the taxation of the Hebrides & Isle of Man. The marriage was arranged on the recommendation of king Charles VII of France. In July 1469, at the age of 13 she married James III at Holyrood Abbey. Upon their marriage all of the Scottish debt was cancelled. William Sinclair, 1st Earl of Caithness, was at that time the Norse Earl of Orkney. In 1472 he was made to exchange his Orkney fief for Ravenscraig Castle, so the Scottish throne took the earl's rights to the islands too.
Queen Margaret was given the largest jointure allowed by Scottish law in her marriage settlement. She was interested in clothes & jewellery, & known for always being dressed in the latest fashions of the time. Following the birth of her son James, in 1473 she went on a pilgrimage to Whithorn. She may have taught her son James to speak Danish. She became a popular queen in Scotland & was described as beautiful, gentle, & sensible. The relationship between Margaret & James III was not described as a happy one. Reportedly, she was not very fond of her husband & had intercourse with him only for procreation, though she did respect his position as a monarch. One reason for their estrangement was the fact that James favoured their second son over their eldest. In 1476, James had decided that he wanted the Earldom of Ross for his second son & accused John MacDonald, the Earl, of treason. Macdonald was then put on trial before the Parliament, but upon Margaret's request he was allowed to remain as Lord of Parliament. During the crisis of 1482, when James III was deprived of power by his brother for several months, Margaret was said to have shown more interest in the welfare of her children than her spouse, which led to a permanent estrangement. Politically, she worked for the reinstatement of her spouse in his powers as monarch during this incident. After the crisis of 1482, the couple lived apart: James III lived in Edinburgh, while queen Margaret preferred to live in Stirling with her children.
Margaret died at Stirling Castle on 14 July 1486 after falling ill, & was buried in Cambuskenneth Abbey. Her husband, James III, was interred with her after his death in 1488. The abbey has mostly been reduced to ruins, apart from its bell-tower, which is still standing today. The grave was enclosed & restored in 1865 at the expense of Margaret's descendant, Queen Victoria.
15 July
15 July 1381
John Ball, a leader in the Peasants' Revolt, is hanged, drawn & quartered in the presence of King Richard II of England.
An illustration of the priest John Ball ("Jehã Balle") on a horse encouraging Wat Tyler's rebels ("Waultre le tieulier") of 1381, from a ca. 1470 manuscript of Jean Froissart's Chronicles in the British Library. There are two flags of England (St. George's cross flags) & two banners of the Plantagenet royal coat of arms of England (quarterly France ancient & England), & an implausible number of unmounted soldiers wearing full plate armour among the rebels.
John Ball (c. 1338 – 15 July 1381) was an English priest who took a prominent part in the Peasants' Revolt of 1381*. Although he is often associated with John Wycliffe & the Lollard movement, Ball was actively preaching 'articles contrary to the faith of the church' at least a decade before Wycliffe started attracting attention.
Ball was imprisoned in Maidstone, Kent, at the time of the 1381 Revolt. What is recorded of his adult life comes from hostile sources emanating from the religious & political social order. He is said to have gained considerable fame as a roving preacher without a parish or any link to the established order by expounding the doctrines of John Wycliffe, & especially by his insistence on social equality. He delivered radical sermons in many places, including Ashen, Billericay, Bocking, Braintree, Cressing Temple, Dedham, Coggeshall, Fobbing, Goldhanger, Great Baddow, Little Henny, Stisted & Waltham. His utterances brought him into conflict with Simon of Sudbury, Archbishop of Canterbury, & he was thrown in prison on several occasions. He also appears to have been excommunicated; owing to which, in 1366 it was forbidden for anyone to hear him preach. These measures, however, did not moderate his opinions, nor diminish his popularity, & he took to speaking to parishioners in churchyards after official services. Shortly after the Peasants' Revolt began, Ball was released by the Kentish rebels from his prison.
When the rebels had dispersed, Ball was taken prisoner at Coventry, given a trial in which, unlike most, he was permitted to speak. He was hanged, drawn & quartered at St Albans in the presence of King Richard II on 15 July 1381. His head was displayed stuck on a pike on London Bridge, & the quarters of his body were displayed at four different towns.
*The Peasants' Revolt, also named Wat Tyler's Rebellion or the Great Rising, was a major uprising across large parts of England in 1381. The revolt had various causes, including the socio-economic & political tensions generated by the Black Death in the 1340s, the high taxes resulting from the conflict with France during the Hundred Years' War, & instability within the local leadership of London. The final trigger for the revolt was the intervention of a royal official, John Bampton, in Essex on 30 May 1381. His attempts to collect unpaid poll taxes in Brentwood ended in a violent confrontation, which rapidly spread across the south-east of the country. A wide spectrum of rural society, including many local artisans & village officials, rose up in protest, burning court records & opening the local gaols. The rebels sought a reduction in taxation, an end to the system of unfree labour known as serfdom, & the removal of King Richard II's senior officials & law courts.
15 July 1685
James Scott, Duke of Monmouth executed
James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, 1st Duke of Buccleuch, (9 April 1649 – 15 July 1685) was a Dutch-born English nobleman & military officer. Originally called James Crofts or James Fitzroy, he was born in Rotterdam in the Netherlands, the eldest illegitimate son of Charles II of England, Scotland, & Ireland with his mistress Lucy Walter.
He served in the Second Anglo-Dutch War & commanded English troops taking part in the Third Anglo-Dutch War before commanding the Anglo-Dutch brigade fighting in the Franco-Dutch War. He led the unsuccessful Monmouth Rebellion in 1685, an attempt to depose his uncle King James II & VII. After one of his officers declared Monmouth the legitimate king in the town of Taunton in Somerset, Monmouth attempted to capitalise on his Protestantism & his position as the son of Charles II, in opposition to James, who was a Roman Catholic. The rebellion failed, & following the battle a reward of £5,000 was offered for his capture. On 8 July 1685, Monmouth was captured & arrested near Ringwood in Hampshire, by tradition "in a field of peas".
Parliament passed an Act of Attainder, 1 Ja. II c. 2:
'Treason. Whereas James Duke of Monmouth has in an hostile Manner Invaded this Kingdom & is now in open Rebellion Laying War against the King contrary to the Duty of his Allegiance, Be it enacted by the Kings most Excellent Majesty by & with the Advice & Consent of the Lords Spiritual & Temporal & Commons in this Parliament assembled & by the Authorities of the same, That the said James Duke of Monmouth Stand & be Convicted & Attainted of High-Treason & that he suffer Paines of Death and Incurr all Forfeitures as a Traitor Convicted & Attainted of High Treason'
The King took the unusual step of allowing his nephew an audience, despite having no intention of extending a pardon to him, thus breaking with a longstanding tradition that the King would give an audience only when he intended to show clemency. The prisoner unsuccessfully implored his mercy, & even offered to convert to Catholicism, but to no avail. The King, disgusted by his abject behaviour, coldly told him to prepare to die, & later remarked that Monmouth "did not behave as well as I expected". Numerous pleas for mercy were addressed to the King, but he ignored them all, even that of his sister-in-law, the Dowager Queen Catherine.
Monmouth was beheaded by Jack Ketch on 15 July 1685, on Tower Hill. Shortly beforehand, Bishops Turner of Ely & Ken of Bath & Wells visited the Duke to prepare him for eternity, but withheld the Eucharist, for the condemned man refused to acknowledge that either his rebellion or his relationship with Lady Wentworth had been sinful. It is said that before laying his head on the block, Monmouth specifically bade Ketch finish him at one blow, saying he had mauled others before. Disconcerted, Ketch did indeed inflict multiple blows with his axe, the prisoner rising up reproachfully the while – a ghastly sight that shocked the witnesses, drawing forth execrations & groans. Some say a knife was at last employed to sever the head from the twitching body. Sources vary; some claim eight blows, the official Tower of London fact sheet says it took five blows, while Charles Spencer, in his book Blenheim, puts it at seven. His execution was alluded to in the film Kind Hearts & Coronets, where the executioner says "The last execution of a duke in this country was very badly botched. But that was in the days of the axe." He was buried in the Church of St Peter ad Vincula in the Tower of London.
16 July
16 July 1377
King Richard II of England is crowned
Richard's grandfather King Edward III, died after a 50-year reign on 21 June 1377. The 10-year-old Richard succeeded to the throne. He was crowned on 16 July 1377 at Westminster Abbey.
Richard II (6 January 1367 – c. 14 February 1400), also known as Richard of Bordeaux, was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399.
16 July 1557
Anne of Cleves died (b.1515)
When Anne's health began to fail, Queen Mary I allowed her to live at Chelsea Old Manor, where Henry's last wife, Catherine Parr, had lived after her remarriage. Here, in the middle of July 1557, Anne dictated her last will. In it, she mentions her brother, sister, & sister-in-law, as well as the future Queen Elizabeth, the Duchess of Suffolk, & the Countess of Arundel. She left some money to her servants & asked Mary & Elizabeth to employ them in their households. She was remembered by everyone who served her as a particularly generous & easy-going mistress. Anne died at Chelsea Old Manor on 16 July 1557, eight weeks before her forty-second birthday. The most likely cause of her death was cancer.
Anne was buried in Westminster Abbey, on 3 August, in what has been described as a "somewhat hard-to-find tomb" on the opposite side of Edward the Confessor's shrine & slightly above eye level for a person of average height.
Anne's epitaph in Westminster Abbey, which is in English, reads simply:
ANNE OF CLEVES
QUEEN OF ENGLAND
BORN 1515 * DIED 1557
Anne also has the distinction of being the last of Henry VIII's wives to die, as she outlived Henry's last wife, Catherine Parr, by nine years. She was not the longest-lived, however, since Katharine of Aragon was 50 at the time of her death.
Anne of Cleves (German: Anna von Kleve; 1515 – 16 July 1557) was Queen Consort of England from 6 January to 9 July 1540 as the fourth wife of King Henry VIII. Not much is known about Anne before 1527, when she became betrothed to Francis, Duke of Bar, son & heir of Antoine, Duke of Lorraine, although their marriage did not proceed. In March 1539, negotiations for Anne's marriage to Henry began, as Henry believed that he needed to form a political alliance with her brother, William, who was a leader of the Protestants of western Germany, to strengthen his position against potential attacks from Catholic France & the Holy Roman Empire. Anne arrived in England on 27 December 1539 & married Henry on 6 January 1540, but after six months, the marriage was declared unconsummated &, as a result, she was not crowned queen consort. Following the annulment, Henry gave her a generous settlement, & she was thereafter known as the 'King's Beloved Sister'.
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Sep 26, 2014 - Photgraphs and articles relating to the wedding of Princess Helena to Prince Christian of Schleswig Holstein which took place at St. George's Chapel, Windsor on 5th July, 1866. Princess Helena was the third daughter of Queen Victoria. See more ideas about queen victoria, victoria, princess.
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Princess Helena’s Marriage Splits Queen Victoria’s Family
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Princess Helena chose to marry Prince Christian, one of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburgs. On the maternal side, Prince Christian held ties to a Danish noble family, as well as to the British royal family. His grandmother was the granddaughter of Frederick, King George II’s son. He was 15 years Helena’s senior. Unfortunately, the prince appeared older than he actually…
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Every Woman Dreams...
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https://reginajeffers.blog/2017/04/11/princess-helenas-marriage-splits-queen-victorias-family/
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Princess Helena chose to marry Prince Christian, one of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburgs. On the maternal side, Prince Christian held ties to a Danish noble family, as well as to the British royal family. His grandmother was the granddaughter of Frederick, King George II’s son. He was 15 years Helena’s senior. Unfortunately, the prince appeared older than he actually was, a fact that Victoria remarked upon on numerous occasions. Moreover, Christian was not the most intelligent of men (certainly nothing in the manner of Victoria’s “dear Albert”). He was not sophisticated or ambitious or very amiable. Nor did he possess a fortune worthy of Victoria’s daughter.
(For more on Helena’s path to marriage, see Princess Helena Escapes Queen Victoria’s Heavy Thumb.)
According to Jerrold M. Packard in his Victoria’s Daughters (New York. St Martin’s. 1998. pages 112-113, the Prusso-Danish war “… would have a profound impact on Queen Victoria’s third daughter as the Augustenburg family became a second casualty of all this Realpolitik. A younger son of the Augustenburgs, who were a branch of the Schleswig-Holstein family, Christian recognized that his family were no longer practical candidates for a throne of the duchies. This signified that his own future was pretty much bereft of recognizable landmarks, and specifically that he was free from any dynastic responsibility at home. Yet even with the issue of Christian’s political liabilities largely obviated by his family’s loss to Bismark’s scheming and Prussia’s strength, his own personal lack of desirability would drive a wedge between members of Lenchen’s family.”
When Bismarck gained control of the provinces of Schleswig and Holstein (at Denmark’s expense), he transformed his military into one of the world’s greatest and himself into an adversary the rest of the world needed to beware. The Danish king had owned Schleswig since 1815. Meanwhile, the duke of Augustenburg claimed both Schleswig and Holstein. . The duke was the personal friend of Frederick tIII, Princess Victoria’s husband. Bismarck’s plans included replacing the Hapsburg Austrian leadership with a Hohenzollern Prussian one. The Prussians and Austrian armies defeated the Danes in Schleswig and Holstein. The Austrians pressed to have the Augustenburg family (Christian’s family) govern the two states, but two years later, Bismarck turned his discontent on Austria for vocally expressing its disdain for the Prussian occupation of the duchies to eliminate Austrian rule in Germany.
Christian’s Augustenburg family were no longer candidates for the throne of the duchies. Prince Christian’s dynastic responsibility were eliminated by Bismarck’s scheming. His lack of “merit” became an issue within Queen Victoria’s family. Victoria’s eldest, Princess Victoria and Frederick III strongly supported Christian’s family’s claim to the two duchies, for Christian’s family had long been welcomed at the Neues Palais. Meanwhile, Albert Edward (Bertie) held a different opinion. Bertie’s wife, Alexandra, was Princess of Denmark, daughter of the monarch, and the Augustenburg family were the enemy of Denmark. Alexandra supported her father’s claim to Schleswig. Bertie threatened to “disown” his family if they ignored his and his wife’s objections to Prince Christian.
Princes Louise agreed with her eldest sister, mainly because she recognized Helena’s desire to be from Victoria’s rule. Princess Alice sided with Bertie. Alice believed the marriage would upset the Hohenzollerns, who considered the Augustenburg faction as too liberal. Alice thought it foolish to rile Princess Victoria’s powerful in-laws. Alice also thought that Prince Christian was too old for Helena, but, moreover, she thought that her mother was too dependent upon Helena. The queen had insisted that Helena and Prince Christian reside in England. Alice’s objections to Christian made her a target for Queen Victoria’s venomous complaints regarding her daughter.
Alice, however, proved herself the better person. She was the one who convinced Bertie to attend the wedding when he threatened to boycott it. Alice also reminded Bertie that England had stood against the Hohenzollerns’ objections when Albert decided to marry Alexandra.
Two years passed before the actual marriage took place, smack dab in the middle of the Austro-Prussian War. “On a family level, this second of Bismarck’s wars split Victoria’s progeny and their spouses between the Belligerents, Fritz (Frederick III) commanding the Prussian troops, Alice’s husband leading Hessian forces in support of the Austrian Army. The state of affairs kept Vicky and Alice away from the wedding, which in all likelihood, was for the best.Despite the bitter feelings over Christian’s entering her family, Lenchen’s (Helena’s) wedding day – July 5, 1866 – represented a personal triumph for this most timid of the five sisters, and the one that would happily spare the bride the political trials her two already married sisters were to endure in their more consequential marriage. What was more, these nuptials were not celebrated with the deafening gloom that overlaid those that had joined Alice and Louis.” (Packard 115)
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Jewel History: Marriage of the Princess Helena (1866)
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Christian Karl Magnussen's "The Marriage of Princess Helena" (1866-9); see a much larger image at the Royal Collection website "Marriage of the Princess Helena" (originally appeared in the Wellington Independent, 22 Sep 1866) On the
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Christian Karl Magnussen’s “The Marriage of Princess Helena” (1866-9); see a much larger image at the Royal Collection website
On the afternoon of July 5, the marriage of the Princess Helena Augusta Victoria [1], third daughter of Her Majesty [2], with His Royal Highness Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg [3], was celebrated in the chapel within Windsor Castle.
The wedding was a private one, and consequently, much of the ceremonial which attends state marriages was dispensed with; but, apart from the position of the personages most immediately interested, the presence of the Queen, of the King and Queen of the Belgians [4], of the Prince and Princess of Wales [5], the Duke of Edinburgh [6], and other members of the royal family, of the ambassadors of foreign powers, the heads of the retiring and the incoming governments, and some of the most distinguished members of the aristocracy, rendered it a ceremony of public interest and public importance.
Princess Helena in her wedding gown (Photo: Grand Ladies Site)
The Queen, in person gave away the bride, responding to the inquiry made by the Primate with a gesture full of dignity and determination. The whole of the service was performed by the Archbishop of Canterbury [7]. The responses of both the bride and bridegroom were made in a firm and audible voice. The bridegroom spoke with a decidedly foreign accent, and in the long declaration which accompanies the plighting of the troth appeared to have some little difficulty in completely following the archbishop, and in enunciating all the words which he was called upon to pronounce; but there was no doubt about the “I will” with which he answered the question whether he would have the princess to be his wedded wife.
The assent of the bride was almost equally decidedly pronounced; and if in the longer passage which precedes the troth-plight her voice sometimes wavered, it never ceased to be audible, and, though low and gentle, was generally clear and distinct.
Prince Christian and Princess Helena (Photo: Grand Ladies Site)
The ceremony over, the bride was warmly embraced by Her Majesty and the Prince of Wales; and, leaning upon the arm of her husband, Her Royal Highness was then conducted to the white drawing room, the royal procession accompanying and attending them, and in presence of the dignitaries of the Church, the registry of the marriage was attested in due form.
At a quarter past four o’clock, Their Royal Highnesses Prince and Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein left by special train for Southampton, en route for Osborne, receiving at their departure fresh proof of the affectionate interest felt in their happiness by Her Majesty.
The Queen wore a black moire antique dress, interwoven with silver, and trimmed with black crepe and a row of diamonds round the body. She also wore a coronet of diamonds — attached to a long white crepe lisse veil, a diamond necklace and cross, and a brooch composed of a large sapphire set in diamonds [8]. And over all, the ribbon and star of the Order of the Garter and the Victoria and Albert conspicuously shone.
Black-and-white detail of the Magnussen wedding portrait (Image: Grand Ladies Site)
Her Royal Highness Princess Helena was attired in a bridal dress of rich white satin with deep flounces of Honiton guipure, the train of extra length, trimmed with bouquets of orange blossom and myrtle; the design of the lace being of roses, ivy, and myrtle. Her wreath was composed of orange blossoms and myrtle; and the bridal veil, a square, was of the choicest Honiton lace, to match the dress. Her Royal Highness also wore a necklace, earrings, and brooch, with the Order of Victoria and Albert.
The Princess of Wales wore a dress of blue tulle over blue silk, richly trimmed with Irish lace, ribbons, and lilies of the valley. Her head-dress was a tiara of diamonds and veil; ornaments, pearls and diamonds. She, too, wore the Victoria and Albert order, and the Order of Catherine of Russia. Her royal husband was in the uniform of a colonel of the Hussars, and wore the insignia of the Garter.
The Princess Louise wore a white glace petticoat covered with tulle illusion trimmed with Brussels point lace under a body, and pointed tunic of blue satin trimmed with point lace and blue and frosted silver ornaments. Coiffure, a wreath of blush roses and silver, tulle veil. The dress of Princess Beatrice consisted of a blue satin dress trimmed with point lace and blue and frosted silver ornaments. Coiffure, a wreath of blush roses and silver, tulle veil.
Black-and-white detail of the Magnussen wedding portrait (Image: Grand Ladies Site)
The ladies acting as bridesmaids were dressed in a white glace dress covered with plaitings bouillonee of tulle under a long tunic of silver tulle, which was looped up on one side with a chatelaine of pink roses, forget-me-nots, and white heather; the body and skirts were also trimmed with branches of pink roses, forget-me-nots, and heather, with long tulle veil.
The Princess Helena’s traveling dress consisted of a white glace slip under a dress of fine white Swiss muslin trimmed with Valenciennes lace, bonnet of white tulle trimmed with orange blossom, and a large mantle of white China crepe lined with white silk and trimmed with fancy chenille and silk fringe and ornaments.
The dresses of the guests were — for ladies, full dress without trains; for gentlemen, full dress with trousers, the knights of the several orders wearing their respective collars.
The Princess Helena of England and her husband, Prince Christian, left Paris on July 24 for Lyons.
NOTES
1. Princess Helena of the United Kingdom (1846-1923), fifth child and third daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. She was known as Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein after her marriage (that is, until George V removed the family’s German titles in 1917, after which she was simply known as “Princess Christian”). Helena and Christian had four children who lived to adulthood: Prince Christian Victor, Prince Albert, Princess Helena Victoria, and Princess Marie Louise.
2. Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom (1819-1901), mother of the bride. This wedding took place not quite five years after Prince Albert’s death; Victoria was 47.
3. Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein (1831-1917), son of Christian August II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein. Christian’s marriage to Helena was initially controversial. This was partly because he was fifteen years older than she was. Even more problematic, though, was the issue of his homeland: two wars had recently been fought between Denmark and Prussia over control of Schleswig-Holstein. Helena’s eldest sister, Vicky, was married to the Crown Prince of Prussia; likewise, Helena’s sister-in-law, the Princess of Wales, was the daughter of the King of Denmark. Helena, however, was genuinely in love with Christian, and the marriage went ahead, even though it caused much tension in the family.
4. King Leopold II (1835-1909) and Queen Marie Henriette (1836-1902) of Belgium. Leopold was Queen Victoria’s first cousin; he had only ascended to the throne of Belgium about eight months before this wedding.
5. King Edward VII (1841-1910) and Queen Alexandra (1844-1925) of the United Kingdom, then the Prince and Princess of Wales, were the brother and sister-in-law of the bride.
6. Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh (1844-1900), later Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, was an elder brother of the bride.
7. Charles Thomas Longley (1794-1868) served as Archbishop of Canterbury from 1862 until his death in 1868.
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1904 Royal Visit Princess Helena & Princess Christian
Royal Visit Princess Helena and Princess Christian the first Royal visitors to the Victoria Falls on 16 September 1904.
Princess Helena of the United Kingdom
HRH Princess Christian of Schleswig Holstein, fifth child and third daughter of Queen Victoria (after whom the Victoria Falls were named), and Princess Victoria, were the first Royal visitors to the Victoria Falls on 16 September 1904. They were also the first Royal guests to stay at the Victoria Falls Hotel. Percy Clark metions their visit in his autobiography:
Princess Helena of the United Kingdom VA CI GCVO GBE RRC (Helena Augusta Victoria; 25 May 1846 â 9 June 1923) was the third daughter and fifth child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.
Helena was educated by private tutors chosen by her father and his close friend and adviser, Baron Stockmar. Her childhood was spent with her parents, travelling between a variety of royal residences in Britain. The intimate atmosphere of the royal court came to an end on 14 December 1861, when her father died and her mother entered a period of intense mourning. Afterwards, in the early 1860s, Helena began a flirtation with Prince Albert's German librarian, Carl Ruland. Although the nature of the relationship is largely unknown, Helena's romantic letters to Ruland survive. After the Queen found out in 1863, she dismissed Ruland, who returned to his native Germany. Three years later, on 5 July 1866, Helena married the impoverished Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein. The couple remained in Britain, in calling distance of the Queen, who liked to have her daughters nearby. Helena, along with her youngest sister, Princess Beatrice, became the Queen's unofficial secretaries. However, after Queen Victoria's death on 22 January 1901, Helena saw relatively little of her surviving siblings, including King Edward VII.
Helena was the most active member of the royal family, carrying out an extensive programme of royal engagements. She was also an active patron of charities, and was one of the founding members of the British Red Cross. She was founding president of the Royal School of Needlework, and president of the Workhouse Infirmary Nursing Association and the Royal British Nurses' Association. As president of the latter, she was a strong supporter of nurse registration against the advice of Florence Nightingale. In 1916 she became the first member of her family to celebrate her 50th wedding anniversary, but her husband died a year later. Helena outlived him by six years, and died aged 77 at Schomberg House on 9 June 1923.
Helena was born at Buckingham Palace, the official royal residence in London, on 25 May 1846, the day after her mother's 27th birthday. She was the third daughter and fifth child of the reigning British monarch, Queen Victoria, and her husband Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Albert reported to his brother, Ernest II, the Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, that Helena "came into this world quite blue, but she is quite well now". He added that the Queen "suffered longer and more than the other times and she will have to remain very quiet to recover." Albert and Victoria chose the names Helena Augusta Victoria. The German nickname for Helena was Helenchen, later shortened to Lenchen, the name by which members of the royal family invariably referred to Helena. As the daughter of the sovereign, Helena was styled Her Royal Highness The Princess Helena from birth. Helena was baptised on 25 July 1846 at the private chapel at Buckingham Palace. Her godparents were the Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, the Queen's cousin-in-law; the Duchess of Orléans (for whom the Queen's mother the Duchess of Kent stood proxy); and the Duchess of Cambridge.
Helena was a lively and outspoken child, and reacted against brotherly teasing by punching the bully on the nose. Her early talents included drawing. Lady Augusta Stanley, a lady-in-waiting to the Queen, commented favourably on the three-year-old Helena's artwork.
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Queen Victoria’s Children: Princess Helena
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2018-12-16T00:00:00
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Full Name: Helena Augusta Victoria Born: 25th May 1846 Married: Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein Died: 9th June 1923 Buried: St George's Chapel, Windsor Princess Helena was born at Buckingham Palace the day after her mother's 27th Birthday. She was the third daughter and fifth child of Prince Albert and Queen Victoria and her labour…
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Kings, Queens and All That...
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https://kingsqueensandallthat.com/2018/12/16/queen-victorias-children-princess-helena/
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Full Name: Helena Augusta Victoria
Born: 25th May 1846
Married: Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
Died: 9th June 1923
Buried: St George’s Chapel, Windsor
Princess Helena was born at Buckingham Palace the day after her mother’s 27th Birthday. She was the third daughter and fifth child of Prince Albert and Queen Victoria and her labour was difficult for the Queen who took several months to recover. As a child, Helena was outgoing and mischievous especially with her siblings. Her talent with art and needle work was demonstrated at a young age, and she went on to pursue later in life.
Like her sister Alice, Helena was interested in nursing and caring for others. This became apparent in 1861 when her father died suddenly at the age of 62. However Helena had struggled with her emotions and found seeing her father so ill made her so upset. Only after Alice married and moved abroad was Helena able to shine showing her organisation skills in assisting her mother with her daily duties and letter writing. In 1863, the Queen began to make enquiries for Helena to marry. This came after a scandal involving Helena and Carl Ruland, the librarian for the royal household. It appear Helena had developed a strong attachment to Carl, and once the Queen was aware he was immediately removed.
In May 1865 while visiting the father’s hometown of Coburg, Helena met her future husband. Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein who was a minor Prince of Danish origin residing in pre-unified Germany. He was 15 years older than Helena yet this was not the only controversy. Politically the match was difficult owing to duchies of Schleswig and Holstein having previously been part of Denmark which was the former home of Alexandra, the Princess of Wales. The wars over this land had only just ended and therefore was a major area of contention within the royal family. Queen Victoria was happy with the match as Prince Christian had agreed to move to Britain. The couple were wed at Windsor in July 1866, with the Queen giving her away. Helena’s wedding dress was covered with Australian lace, Ivy and roses. Having previously been described as ‘dowdy’ and unlucky with her looks, her wedding day saw her transform to look like an actual princess.
Once the newlyweds returned from their honeymoon, they moved to Cumberland Lodge at Windsor. Unlike some of her siblings marriages, Helena’s was a happy one. They had six children, however the last two died in infancy. She was a doting mother and dutiful in her royal role, assisting her mother with daily tasks including letter and diary writing. Like her elder sister Alice, Helena took a keen interest in nursing. She was the founding Chair of the Ladies Committee of the British Red Cross and was heavily involved in helping with supplies during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870. She later became the President of the British Nurses Association and the Army Nursing Services, however once her brother Bertie became King, his wife Alexandra felt she should be President.
Helena health often caused her problems and she suffered from severe pain in her joints and became addicted to opium. Despite this, she lived long than many of her siblings and died in 1923 at the age of 77. Her devotion to nursing and promoting nursing registration remains part of her lasting legacy.
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The Marriage of Princess Helena, 5 July 1866
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The marriage of Princess Helena with Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein took place in the Private Chapel at Windsor Castle. The Archbishop of Canterbury, Charles Longley, performed the ceremony. Queen Victoria can be seen standing just behind the bridal couple and in the gallery above are the choir and a number of guests. Princess Helena (1846-1923), nicknamed Lenchen, was Queen Victoria’s fifth child and third daughter. She was lively, outspoken and something of a tomboy. In 1916 she and Prince...
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Getty Images Deutschland. Finden Sie hochauflösende lizenzfreie Bilder, Bilder zur redaktionellen Verwendung, Vektorgrafiken, Videoclips und Musik zur Lizenzierung in der umfangreichsten Fotobibliothek online.
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https://www.thecourtjeweller.com/2016/07/jewel-history-marriage-of-princess.html
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Jewel History: Marriage of the Princess Helena (1866)
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Christian Karl Magnussen's "The Marriage of Princess Helena" (1866-9); see a much larger image at the Royal Collection website "Marriage of the Princess Helena" (originally appeared in the Wellington Independent, 22 Sep 1866) On the
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The Court Jeweller
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https://www.thecourtjeweller.com/2016/07/jewel-history-marriage-of-princess.html
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Christian Karl Magnussen’s “The Marriage of Princess Helena” (1866-9); see a much larger image at the Royal Collection website
On the afternoon of July 5, the marriage of the Princess Helena Augusta Victoria [1], third daughter of Her Majesty [2], with His Royal Highness Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg [3], was celebrated in the chapel within Windsor Castle.
The wedding was a private one, and consequently, much of the ceremonial which attends state marriages was dispensed with; but, apart from the position of the personages most immediately interested, the presence of the Queen, of the King and Queen of the Belgians [4], of the Prince and Princess of Wales [5], the Duke of Edinburgh [6], and other members of the royal family, of the ambassadors of foreign powers, the heads of the retiring and the incoming governments, and some of the most distinguished members of the aristocracy, rendered it a ceremony of public interest and public importance.
Princess Helena in her wedding gown (Photo: Grand Ladies Site)
The Queen, in person gave away the bride, responding to the inquiry made by the Primate with a gesture full of dignity and determination. The whole of the service was performed by the Archbishop of Canterbury [7]. The responses of both the bride and bridegroom were made in a firm and audible voice. The bridegroom spoke with a decidedly foreign accent, and in the long declaration which accompanies the plighting of the troth appeared to have some little difficulty in completely following the archbishop, and in enunciating all the words which he was called upon to pronounce; but there was no doubt about the “I will” with which he answered the question whether he would have the princess to be his wedded wife.
The assent of the bride was almost equally decidedly pronounced; and if in the longer passage which precedes the troth-plight her voice sometimes wavered, it never ceased to be audible, and, though low and gentle, was generally clear and distinct.
Prince Christian and Princess Helena (Photo: Grand Ladies Site)
The ceremony over, the bride was warmly embraced by Her Majesty and the Prince of Wales; and, leaning upon the arm of her husband, Her Royal Highness was then conducted to the white drawing room, the royal procession accompanying and attending them, and in presence of the dignitaries of the Church, the registry of the marriage was attested in due form.
At a quarter past four o’clock, Their Royal Highnesses Prince and Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein left by special train for Southampton, en route for Osborne, receiving at their departure fresh proof of the affectionate interest felt in their happiness by Her Majesty.
The Queen wore a black moire antique dress, interwoven with silver, and trimmed with black crepe and a row of diamonds round the body. She also wore a coronet of diamonds — attached to a long white crepe lisse veil, a diamond necklace and cross, and a brooch composed of a large sapphire set in diamonds [8]. And over all, the ribbon and star of the Order of the Garter and the Victoria and Albert conspicuously shone.
Black-and-white detail of the Magnussen wedding portrait (Image: Grand Ladies Site)
Her Royal Highness Princess Helena was attired in a bridal dress of rich white satin with deep flounces of Honiton guipure, the train of extra length, trimmed with bouquets of orange blossom and myrtle; the design of the lace being of roses, ivy, and myrtle. Her wreath was composed of orange blossoms and myrtle; and the bridal veil, a square, was of the choicest Honiton lace, to match the dress. Her Royal Highness also wore a necklace, earrings, and brooch, with the Order of Victoria and Albert.
The Princess of Wales wore a dress of blue tulle over blue silk, richly trimmed with Irish lace, ribbons, and lilies of the valley. Her head-dress was a tiara of diamonds and veil; ornaments, pearls and diamonds. She, too, wore the Victoria and Albert order, and the Order of Catherine of Russia. Her royal husband was in the uniform of a colonel of the Hussars, and wore the insignia of the Garter.
The Princess Louise wore a white glace petticoat covered with tulle illusion trimmed with Brussels point lace under a body, and pointed tunic of blue satin trimmed with point lace and blue and frosted silver ornaments. Coiffure, a wreath of blush roses and silver, tulle veil. The dress of Princess Beatrice consisted of a blue satin dress trimmed with point lace and blue and frosted silver ornaments. Coiffure, a wreath of blush roses and silver, tulle veil.
Black-and-white detail of the Magnussen wedding portrait (Image: Grand Ladies Site)
The ladies acting as bridesmaids were dressed in a white glace dress covered with plaitings bouillonee of tulle under a long tunic of silver tulle, which was looped up on one side with a chatelaine of pink roses, forget-me-nots, and white heather; the body and skirts were also trimmed with branches of pink roses, forget-me-nots, and heather, with long tulle veil.
The Princess Helena’s traveling dress consisted of a white glace slip under a dress of fine white Swiss muslin trimmed with Valenciennes lace, bonnet of white tulle trimmed with orange blossom, and a large mantle of white China crepe lined with white silk and trimmed with fancy chenille and silk fringe and ornaments.
The dresses of the guests were — for ladies, full dress without trains; for gentlemen, full dress with trousers, the knights of the several orders wearing their respective collars.
The Princess Helena of England and her husband, Prince Christian, left Paris on July 24 for Lyons.
NOTES
1. Princess Helena of the United Kingdom (1846-1923), fifth child and third daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. She was known as Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein after her marriage (that is, until George V removed the family’s German titles in 1917, after which she was simply known as “Princess Christian”). Helena and Christian had four children who lived to adulthood: Prince Christian Victor, Prince Albert, Princess Helena Victoria, and Princess Marie Louise.
2. Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom (1819-1901), mother of the bride. This wedding took place not quite five years after Prince Albert’s death; Victoria was 47.
3. Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein (1831-1917), son of Christian August II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein. Christian’s marriage to Helena was initially controversial. This was partly because he was fifteen years older than she was. Even more problematic, though, was the issue of his homeland: two wars had recently been fought between Denmark and Prussia over control of Schleswig-Holstein. Helena’s eldest sister, Vicky, was married to the Crown Prince of Prussia; likewise, Helena’s sister-in-law, the Princess of Wales, was the daughter of the King of Denmark. Helena, however, was genuinely in love with Christian, and the marriage went ahead, even though it caused much tension in the family.
4. King Leopold II (1835-1909) and Queen Marie Henriette (1836-1902) of Belgium. Leopold was Queen Victoria’s first cousin; he had only ascended to the throne of Belgium about eight months before this wedding.
5. King Edward VII (1841-1910) and Queen Alexandra (1844-1925) of the United Kingdom, then the Prince and Princess of Wales, were the brother and sister-in-law of the bride.
6. Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh (1844-1900), later Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, was an elder brother of the bride.
7. Charles Thomas Longley (1794-1868) served as Archbishop of Canterbury from 1862 until his death in 1868.
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Sieh dir auf Facebook Beiträge, Fotos und vieles mehr an.
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1948) – Find a Grave Gedenkstätte
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English Royalty. Born Helena Victoria, she was the eldest daughter of Princess Helena of Great Britain and Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, and a granddaughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Called Thora by her family, Princess Helena never married. She was a tireless patron of charities, and was created a...
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https://de.findagrave.com/memorial/6137256/helena_of_schleswig-holstein
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Jan 13, 2023 - 5th child of Queen Victoria & Prince Albert. See more ideas about queen victoria, queen victoria prince albert, victoria.
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What Happened to Queen Victoria’s Nine Children?
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[
"Caroline Gerdes",
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"caroline-gerdes"
] |
2019-01-11T00:00:00
|
Victoria fans have probably noticed that the monarch appears to be constantly pregnant throughout the last couple of seasons. I can’t be the only one who…
|
en
|
/apple-touch-icon.png
|
GBH
|
https://www.wgbh.org/tv-shows/drama/2019-01-11/what-happened-to-queen-victorias-nine-children
|
Victoria fans have probably noticed that the monarch appears to be constantly pregnant throughout the last couple of seasons. I can’t be the only one who has lost count of births on the show? I do know that when all is said and done, Victoria and Albert will end up with nine children. That’s right, the royal couple had a brood of heirs – and all of them lived to adulthood. So, what happened to Queen Victoria’s nine children?
Because of her nine children and 42 grandchildren, Victoria garnered the nickname “Grandmother of Europe.” The moniker fits quite literally when looking at Europe’s royal families, as her children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren and great-great-grandchildren endured as monarchs of multiple European countries. Queen Victoria’s descendants can be found in the royal families of Germany, Russia, Greece, Romania, Sweden, Norway and Spain, according to online BBC history magazine, History Extra.
History Extra also reports that three of Victoria’s grandchildren were key players in World War I: Kaiser Wilhelm of Germany, Alexandra Romanov of Russia and George V of Britain. Apparently, Kaiser Wilhelm once said WWI may not have happened if his grandmother Victoria had been alive, “as she simply would not have allowed her relatives to go to war with one another." Victoria’s legacy didn’t just affect political and military history. She was also the first known royal carrier of Hemophilia – which now is commonly associated with European royal bloodlines. Victoria’s son Leopold died at age 30 from an injury that triggered a hemorrhage, which was caused by the disease. Hemophilia was seen in a few of the Queen’s grandchildren and, most notably, in her great-grandson, Alexei Romanov.
So, what became of the queen’s heirs? Here’s what happened to Victoria and Albert’s nine children.
1. Princess Victoria Adelaide Mary Louise
The princess married Friedrich Wilhelm of Prussia, who became the emperor of Germany. Their son was Kaiser Wilhelm of WWI notoriety. Their daughter Sophie became Queen of Greece.
2. Prince Albert Edward Wettin
Prince Albert succeeded his mother as King Edward VII. Through King Edward VII, Queen Elizabeth is Victoria’s great-great-granddaughter. (Victoria’s son was Edward VII, Edward VII’s son was George V, George V's son was Elizabeth’s father George VI). Elizabeth’s husband Prince Philip is also a great-great-grandchild of Victoria and Albert through other royal lines.
3. Princess Alice Maud Mary
Alice married Prince Ludwig of Hesse. Their daughter Alexandra, or Alix, married Nicholas II, the last czar of Russia. Alix and Nicholas were the heads of the famous Romanov family who met a grisly fate.
4. Prince Alfred Ernest Albert
The prince also married into the Russian royal bloodline in his union with Grand Duchess Marie, daughter of Czar Alexander II. His descendants went on to be part of the Romanian royal family.
5. Princess Helena Augusta Victoria
Helena married Prince Frederick Christian of Schleswig-Holstein. According to the PBS link above, her name lives on: One of Princess Eugenie’s middle names is Helena.
6. Princess Louise Caroline Alberta
Princess Louise married a commoner back when it was uncommon. In 1871, she married John Douglas Sutherland Campbell, with the approval of her mother and support of the British people. Campbell later became the Governor General of Canada. the province of Alberta, and its famous Lake Louise, are both named for the princess.
7. Prince Arthur William Patrick
Prince Arthur was reportedly the queen’s favorite son. He married Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia and the couple had three children. He was later Governor General of Canada. He had an interest in German affairs, so he was transferred to North America in 1911 to avoid the deteriorating political situation in Germany, according to PBS.
8. Prince Leopold George Duncan
Prince Leopold married Princess Helena Frederica of Waldeck. But the marriage only lasted two short years, due his untimely death at age 30 (caused by hemophilia). Earlier in life, he studied at Oxford and befriended Lewis Carroll, John Ruskin and Oscar Wilde, according to PBS.
9. Princess Beatrice Mary Victoria
As the baby of the family, she became Victoria’s biggest confidant. She married Prince Henry of Battenberg and passed the hemophiliac gene onto her daughter, Victoria, who in turn passed the gene on to the Spanish royal family.
So, there you have it. That’s what became of Victoria and Albert’s nine kids. Don’t miss the story of the family’s beginnings on Victoria, airing Sunday nights at 9:00 p.m.
|
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29120
|
yago
|
0
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https://henrypoole.com/individual/hrh-princess-christian-schleswig-holstein/
|
en
|
HRH Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
|
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2014-04-16T14:52:06+00:00
|
Born Princess Helena and the third daughter of Queen Victoria and her consort Prince Albert, Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein (1846-1923)
|
en
|
Henry Poole Savile Row
|
https://henrypoole.com/individual/hrh-princess-christian-schleswig-holstein/
|
Born Princess Helena and the third daughter of Queen Victoria and her consort Prince Albert, Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein (1846-1923) controversially married her impoverished German Prince in 1866 despite strong opposition from the Danish-born Princess of Wales, Alexandra, who insisted the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein belonged to the country of her birth. History would thwart both princesses when Prussia invaded and annexed both territories.
Princess Helena was born and christened at Buckingham Palace. Prince Albert devised a private system of educating his royal children – male and female – with the aid of his mentor Baron Stockmar that was as rigorous as it was draconian. After Prince Albert’s death in 1861, Princess Helena professed herself distraught writing ‘our grief is most, most bitter…his word was a most sacred law and he was my help and advisor’.
This slightly overwrought, sentimental tone may have been a manifestation of her mother The Queen’s cult of mourning and deifying the patriarch of the family. Prince Albert never made a secret that his eldest daughter the Crown Princess Frederick was his favourite. In the year of her father’s death, Princess Helena formed a passion for Prince Albert’s German librarian Carl Rutland. When The Queen found out she sent Rutland back from whence he came and set Princess Helena to work as her secretary.
Queen Victoria’s daughters Princess Alice and Princess Louise partially escaped their mother’s influence by marrying. Princess Helena was not so fortunate. Because Prince Christian was relatively poor, a condition for the marriage was that he would come and live in England close to Queen Victoria’s court. To add insult to injury, it was Princess Beatrice the youngest sister who served as The Queen’s principal secretary. Princess Christian as she was now titled was given the less taxing tasks of deputy.
Despite being at the beck and call of Queen Victoria, Princess Christian did pursue a career in patronising worthy causes; some of which did not meet with her mother’s approval. She advocated women’s rights. was President of the Royal British Nurses’ Association and was a founder member of the Red Cross. Princess Christian was also the founding president of the Royal School of Needlework. She undertook more public duties deputising for her mother than all of her female siblings including standing in at Court Drawing Rooms at St James’s Palace.
Princess Christian was not a conventionally pretty woman but her alliance with the Prince – who was fifteen-years her senior – was apparently a happy one. They were devoted to one another and in 1916 Prince and Princess Christian were the first British royal couple to celebrate their Golden Wedding anniversary. Relations between Prince Christian and Princess Alexandra always remained strained however and after Queen Victoria’s death in 1901, Prince and Princess Christian were seldom welcomed to Buckingham Palace, Windsor Castle or Sandringham for private family occasions.
Prince and Princess Christian lived in apartments at Buckingham Palace when in London and at Cumberland Lodge in Richmond Park whenever they had the opportunity to escape official duties. In Queen Victoria’s diaries, she refers to Princess Christian’s hypochondria. It later transpired that the Princess never enjoyed robust health and allegedly took opium and laudanum for chronic arthritis. Perhaps this contributed to her devotion to the nursing profession. When Princess Alexandra became queen she dealt Princess Christian the cruellest blow by insisting on replacing her as the patron of the Royal British Nurses’ Association.
Prince Christian died in 1917, a year after Kaiser Wilhelm II (with whom Britain was at war) had sent a telegram of congratulations to he and the Princess for their Golden Wedding anniversary. Despite repeated attempts to evict the widowed Princess Christian, she lived on at Cumberland Lodge and in Schomberg House on Pall Mall (a magnificent Carolean mansion whose façade still stands). Princess Christian is buried in the Royal Mausoleum in Frogmore on the Windsor estate.
|
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29120
|
yago
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3
| 8 |
https://www.facebook.com/QueenVictoriaInPictures/photos/on-5th-july-1866-princess-helena-fifth-child-of-queen-victoria-married-prince-ch/1002356605232280/
|
en
|
Facebook
|
https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/yv/r/B8BxsscfVBr.ico
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https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/yv/r/B8BxsscfVBr.ico
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Sieh dir auf Facebook Beiträge, Fotos und vieles mehr an.
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de
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https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/yv/r/B8BxsscfVBr.ico
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https://www.facebook.com/login/
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29120
|
yago
|
3
| 92 |
https://kingsqueensandallthat.com/2018/12/16/queen-victorias-children-princess-helena/
|
en
|
Queen Victoria’s Children: Princess Helena
|
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2018-12-16T00:00:00
|
Full Name: Helena Augusta Victoria Born: 25th May 1846 Married: Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein Died: 9th June 1923 Buried: St George's Chapel, Windsor Princess Helena was born at Buckingham Palace the day after her mother's 27th Birthday. She was the third daughter and fifth child of Prince Albert and Queen Victoria and her labour…
|
en
|
https://s1.wp.com/i/favicon.ico
|
Kings, Queens and All That...
|
https://kingsqueensandallthat.com/2018/12/16/queen-victorias-children-princess-helena/
|
Full Name: Helena Augusta Victoria
Born: 25th May 1846
Married: Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
Died: 9th June 1923
Buried: St George’s Chapel, Windsor
Princess Helena was born at Buckingham Palace the day after her mother’s 27th Birthday. She was the third daughter and fifth child of Prince Albert and Queen Victoria and her labour was difficult for the Queen who took several months to recover. As a child, Helena was outgoing and mischievous especially with her siblings. Her talent with art and needle work was demonstrated at a young age, and she went on to pursue later in life.
Like her sister Alice, Helena was interested in nursing and caring for others. This became apparent in 1861 when her father died suddenly at the age of 62. However Helena had struggled with her emotions and found seeing her father so ill made her so upset. Only after Alice married and moved abroad was Helena able to shine showing her organisation skills in assisting her mother with her daily duties and letter writing. In 1863, the Queen began to make enquiries for Helena to marry. This came after a scandal involving Helena and Carl Ruland, the librarian for the royal household. It appear Helena had developed a strong attachment to Carl, and once the Queen was aware he was immediately removed.
In May 1865 while visiting the father’s hometown of Coburg, Helena met her future husband. Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein who was a minor Prince of Danish origin residing in pre-unified Germany. He was 15 years older than Helena yet this was not the only controversy. Politically the match was difficult owing to duchies of Schleswig and Holstein having previously been part of Denmark which was the former home of Alexandra, the Princess of Wales. The wars over this land had only just ended and therefore was a major area of contention within the royal family. Queen Victoria was happy with the match as Prince Christian had agreed to move to Britain. The couple were wed at Windsor in July 1866, with the Queen giving her away. Helena’s wedding dress was covered with Australian lace, Ivy and roses. Having previously been described as ‘dowdy’ and unlucky with her looks, her wedding day saw her transform to look like an actual princess.
Once the newlyweds returned from their honeymoon, they moved to Cumberland Lodge at Windsor. Unlike some of her siblings marriages, Helena’s was a happy one. They had six children, however the last two died in infancy. She was a doting mother and dutiful in her royal role, assisting her mother with daily tasks including letter and diary writing. Like her elder sister Alice, Helena took a keen interest in nursing. She was the founding Chair of the Ladies Committee of the British Red Cross and was heavily involved in helping with supplies during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870. She later became the President of the British Nurses Association and the Army Nursing Services, however once her brother Bertie became King, his wife Alexandra felt she should be President.
Helena health often caused her problems and she suffered from severe pain in her joints and became addicted to opium. Despite this, she lived long than many of her siblings and died in 1923 at the age of 77. Her devotion to nursing and promoting nursing registration remains part of her lasting legacy.
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29120
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yago
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1
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https://www.amazon.com.au/Princess-Helena-Queen-Victorias-Daughter/dp/1511679204
|
en
|
Princess Helena: Queen Victoria's third daughter - Van Der Kiste, John
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Princess Helena: Queen Victoria's third daughter [Van Der Kiste, John] on Amazon.com.au. *FREE* shipping on eligible orders. Princess Helena: Queen Victoria's third daughter
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https://www.amazon.com.au/Princess-Helena-Queen-Victorias-Daughter/dp/1511679204
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Download the free Kindle app and start reading Kindle books instantly on your smartphone, tablet or computer—no Kindle device required.
Read instantly on your browser with Kindle for Web.
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https://www.threads.net/%40historyroyalwmn/post/C9Cdyriosh8
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https://www.pinterest.com/fionam63/the-wedding-of-princess-helena/
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2014-09-26T13:13:37+00:00
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Sep 26, 2014 - Photgraphs and articles relating to the wedding of Princess Helena to Prince Christian of Schleswig Holstein which took place at St. George's Chapel, Windsor on 5th July, 1866. Princess Helena was the third daughter of Queen Victoria. See more ideas about queen victoria, victoria, princess.
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https://www.pinterest.com/fionam63/the-wedding-of-princess-helena/
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https://www.meisterdrucke.uk/fine-art-prints/Unbekannt/755586/Marriage-of-Princess-Helena-and-Prince-Christian,-5-July-1866.html
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en
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Marriage of Princess Helena and Prince Christian, 5 July 1866
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Buy Marriage of Princess Helena and Prince Christian, 5 July 1866 by Unbekannt as fine art print. ✓ Perfect reproduction ✓ Top quality
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en
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/favicon.svg
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MeisterDrucke
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https://www.meisterdrucke.uk/fine-art-prints/Unbekannt/755586/Marriage-of-Princess-Helena-and-Prince-Christian,-5-July-1866.html
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(Marriage of Princess Helena and Prince Christian, 5 July 1866 late 19th century)
Unbekannt
Undated · engraving · Picture ID: 755586 Nonclassified artists
Marriage of Princess Helena and Prince Christian, 5 July 1866 by Unbekannt. Available as an art print on canvas, photo paper, watercolor board, uncoated paper or Japanese paper.
germany · building · schleswig-holstein · robert wilson · princess helena of the united kingdom · princess christian of sg-holste · princess christian of schleswig-holstein · wetting · helena augusta victoria · helena augusta victoria · christian · buildings · female · women · woman · people · male · event · family · train · religious · german · country · marriage · religion · monarch · clothes · british · castle · mother · scotland · queen · royal · christianity · wedding · dress · fortification · kilt · motherhood · location · scottish · victorian · century · britain · page · bride · groom · clothing · royalty · princess · bridegroom · lady · windsor castle · bridesmaid · monochrome · prince · vicar · 19th century · black white · black and white · nineteenth century · scots · pageboy · royal event · royal wedding · sovereign · princess helena · engraving · unknown · robert · princess · christian · helena · wilson · The Print Collector/Heritage Images
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https://orlando.cambridge.org/people/0ce5b6e6-80c5-47a0-810e-29f456af5430
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Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
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/themes/custom/orlando_interface/favicon.ico
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https://orlando.cambridge.org/people/0ce5b6e6-80c5-47a0-810e-29f456af5430
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QV gave birth to Princess Helena Augusta Victoria , her fifth child, commonly known as Lenchen.
Munich, Adrienne. Queen Victoria’s Secrets. Columbia University Press.
xiv
QV 's daughter Crown Princess Helena married Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg .
Munich, Adrienne. Queen Victoria’s Secrets. Columbia University Press.
xvii
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https://europeanroyalhistory.wordpress.com/tag/princess-helena-of-the-united-kingdom/
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Princess Helena of the United Kingdom
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Posts about Princess Helena of the United Kingdom written by liamfoley63
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en
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European Royal History
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https://europeanroyalhistory.wordpress.com/tag/princess-helena-of-the-united-kingdom/
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Over the years, conflict arose between Duke Frederik Christian II of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg and Louise Auguste’s brother, King Frederik VI of Denmark, especially over the relationship of the double-duchies of Schleswig-Holstein and the Duke’s own small appanage around Sonderburg on the one hand and the Danish monarchy on the other.
His wife remained loyal to the Danish royal house throughout these differences. The marriage eventually fell into acrimony and reproach, and Duke Frederik Christian II tried to legally limit Louise Auguste’s influence over their children’s futures.
In 1810, Duke Frederik Christian II’s younger brother Charles August was chosen by the estates of the Swedish realm as that nation’s Crown Prince, to succeed the elderly and childless King Carl XIII. Following Charles August’s death in May 1810, Frederik Christian himself was the leading candidate to become the new heir to the Swedish throne.
On August 8, 1810 he was elected Crown Prince by the estates. His election however, was reconsidered and withdrawn two weeks later and Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, Marshal of France and Prince of Ponte Corvo, was elected instead.
Children
Frederik Christian II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (September 28, 1765 – June 14, 1814 ) and his wife Princess Louise Auguste of Denmark and Norway (July 7, 1771 – January 13, 1843) had three children.
Princess Louise Auguste of Denmark and Norway was the daughter of the Queen of Denmark-Norway, Caroline Matilda of Great Britain, herself the daughter of King George II of Great Britain and Princess Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach.
Though Princess Louise Auguste was officially regarded as the daughter of King Christian VII, it is widely accepted that her biological father was Johann Friedrich Struensee, the king’s royal physician and de facto regent of the country at the time of her birth.
The couple’s three children were:
1. Princess Caroline Amalie (September 28, 1796 — March 9, 1881), married Prince Christian Frederik of Denmark and Norway in 1815. Princess Caroline Amalie was his second wife as Prince Christian Frederick had previously been married to Duchess Charlotte Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1784 – 1840) a daughter of Friedrich Franz I, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.
Duchess Charlotte Frederica was alleged to have had an affair with her singing teacher, Swiss-born singer and composer Édouard Du Puy, led to her removal from the court. For this reason, her husband divorced her in 1810, banished her from court, sent her into internal exile, and prohibited her from ever seeing her son, the future King Frederik VII of Denmark, again.
Prince Christian Frederik was the future King Christian VIII of Denmark (September 18, 1786 – January 20, 1848) was King of Denmark from 1839 to 1848 and, briefly he was Christian Frederick, King of Norway in 1814.
Christian Frederick was the eldest son of Hereditary Prince Frederik of Denmark and Norway and Duchess Sophia Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Hereditary Prince Frederik of Denmark and Norway was a younger son of the deceased King Frederik V of Denmark-Norway and his second wife, Duchess Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, and his mother was a daughter of Duke Ludwig of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.
Since his cousin King Frederick VI had no sons, Christian Frederik was heir presumptive to the Danish throne from 1808.
The personal relationship between Caroline Amalie and Christian Frederik was described as harmonious and as an image of the contemporary ideal of marriage. Her acceptance of her spouse’s infidelity was regarded as something suitable and appropriate within contemporary gender roles. Her amiable personality made her respected and well liked by the rest of the royal House, and she is described as a good stepmother of her stepson Crown Prince Frederik.
In 1839, when King Frederik VI died, Caroline Amalie, as the wife of of the new King Christian VIII of Denmark, became Queen of Denmark. She was considered instrumental in the pro-German party on the matter of the duchies of Schleswig-Holstein.
Caroline Amalie became a widow in 1848 and survived her spouse for more than thirty years. She took up residence at Sorgenfri Castle north of Copenhagen, but due to ill health she preferred to spend winters in southern Europe.
She also outlived her stepson by seventeen years. Hence she lived to see Christian IX become king with her niece Louise of Hesse-Cassel as queen. She was a godmother of two future Kings (Christian X of Denmark and Haakon VII of Norway) and a future Empress, Dagmar of Denmark (Maria Feodorovna), the wife of Emperor Alexander III of Russia.
During her life as a queen dowager, she enjoyed more popularity than she did as queen. She continued with her charitable projects: in 1852, she took over as protector of the charitable women’s society Det Kvindelige Velgørende Selskab after queen dowager Marie, and in 1863, she encouraged queen Louise to open the deaconess institution.
She died in 1881 and was buried at Roskilde Cathedral next to Christian VIII.
2. Christian August II (July 19, 1798 — March 11, 1869), the Duke of Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg who was to become a pivotal figure in the Question of Schleswig-Holstein in the 1850s and 1860s.
So as not to offend Danish national feelings, he was married in 1820 to a Danish relative, Countess Lovisa-Sophie of Danneskjold-Samsoe (1797–1867), a kinswoman of the kings of Denmark, belonging to a bastard branch of House of Oldenburg who descended illegitimately from Christian V of Denmark.
1848, German-nationalist sympathies prompted a rebellion in Schleswig-Holstein against Danish rule. A provisional government was established at Kiel under the Duke of Augustenborg, who travelled to Berlin to secure the assistance of Prussia in asserting his rights. The First War of Schleswig ensued.
However, European powers were united in opposing any dismemberment of Denmark. Among others, Emperor Nicholas I of Russia, speaking with authority as Head of the elder Holstein-Gottorp line, regarded the Duke of Augustenborg a rebel. Russia had guaranteed Schleswig to the Danish crown by the treaties of 1767 and 1773.
Duke Christian sold his rights to the Duchy of Schleswig-Holstein to Denmark in aftermath of Treaty of London but later renounced his rights to the Duchy of Schleswig-Holstein in favor of his son Prince Frederik August. In November 1863, his son Frederik proclaimed himself the rightful second Duke of Schleswig and Holstein as Duke Friedrich VIII.
Duke Christian August died in 1869.
Two of the sons of Christian August II and Lovisa-Sophie were:
A) Prince Frederik Christian August (July 6, 1829 – January 14, 1880), later Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg. He married Princess Adelheid of Hohenlohe-Langenburg the second daughter of Ernst I, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg by his wife Princess Feodora of Leiningen, who was the older, maternal half-sister of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.
Prince Frederik Christian August and Princess Adelheid had one surviving son and four daughters including Princess Augusta Victoria “Dona”, the German Empress as wife of German Emperor Wilhelm II.
B) Frederick Christian Charles Augustus (January 1831 – October 28, 1917), later (1866) married his third cousin Princess Helena of the United Kingdom (daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Gotha-Gotha) and settled in England. They were the parents of Albert, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein.
3. Frederik Emil August (August 23, 1800 — July 2, 1865 ), the “Prince” of Nør (Noer); he was married in 1829 to Countess Henriette Danneskjold-Samsøe (1806–1858), the younger sister of Countess Louise Sophie Danneskiold-Samsøe the wife of his older brother Duke Christian August II of Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg.
Prince Frederik Emil was created Prinz von Noer (“Prince of Noer”).
Princess Helena Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (Victoria Louise Sophia Augusta Amelia Helena; May 3, 1870 – March 13, 1948) was a granddaughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. From 1917 her name was simply Princess Helena Victoria.
Princess Helena Victoria (always known to her family as Thora) was born at Frogmore House, near Windsor Castle. Her father was Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, the third son of Christian August II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
and Countess Louise af Danneskjold-Samsøe.
Her mother was Princess Helena, the fifth child and third daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Her parents resided in Britain from marriage.
She was baptised in the private chapel at Windsor Castle on June 20, 1870. Her godparents were Queen Victoria, the Duchess of Cambridge (former Princess Augusta of Hesse-Cassel), Princess Louise, Prince Arthur, Prince Leopold, Prince Valdemar of Denmark, Prince Edward of Saxe-Weimar, Princess Louise Auguste of Schleswig-Holstein and Princess Caroline Amelie of Schleswig-Holstein (the latter two represented by the Duchess of Roxburghe).
She was a bridesmaid at the 1885 wedding of her maternal aunt Princess Beatrice to Prince Henry of Battenberg and also at the wedding of her cousins the Duke and Duchess of York (future George V and Queen Mary) in 1893.
She spent most of her childhood at Cumberland Lodge, her father’s residence as Ranger of Windsor Great Park. Known to her family as “Thora”, or sometimes “Snipe”, in reference to her sharp facial features, formally she used the names “Helena Victoria” from among her string of six given names.
First World War
As a male-line granddaughter of the Duke of Schleswig-Holstein, Princess Helena Victoria would have been styled Serene Highness (Durchlaucht) in the German Empire.
In May 1866, Queen Victoria had conferred the higher style of Highness upon any children to be born of the marriage of Princess Helena and Prince Christian, although the children were to remain Prince or Princess of Schleswig-Holstein.
In June 1917, a notice appeared in the Court Circular that a Royal Warrant was to be prepared by George V dispensing with his cousins’ use of the “Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg” part of their titles.
However no warrant was issued, nor were they formally granted the titles of Princesses of Great Britain and Ireland nor of the United Kingdom in their own right.
In July 1917, King George V changed the name of the British royal family to the House of Windsor. He also relinquished, on behalf of himself and his numerous cousins who were British subjects, the use of their German titles, styles, and surnames. Princess Helena Victoria and her younger sister, Princess Marie Louise, thereupon ceased to use the territorial designation “of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg.”
Instead, they became known simply as “Her Highness Princess Helena Victoria” and “Her Highness Princess Marie Louise”. Although the two had borne German titles, their upbringing and domicile were entirely English.
Later life
Princess Helena Victoria never married. She followed her mother’s example in working for various charitable organizations, most notably YMCA, Young Women’s Christian Association (YWCA) and Princess Christian’s Nursing Home at Windsor. During World War I, she founded the YWCA Women’s Auxiliary Force. As its president, she visited British troops in France and obtained the permission of the Secretary of State for War, Lord Kitchener, to arrange entertainments for them.
Between the world wars, she and her sister, Princess Marie Louise, were enthusiastic patrons of music at Schomberg House, their London residence. After a German air raid damaged the house in 1940, the two princesses moved to Fitzmaurice Place, Berkeley Square.
In ill health and a wheelchair user after World War II, Princess Helena Victoria made one of her last major appearances at the November 20, 1947 wedding of her first cousin twice removed Princess Elizabeth, to Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark.
Princess Helena Victoria died at Fitzmaurice Place, Berkeley Square. Her funeral took place at St. George’s Chapel, Windsor and she was buried at the Royal Burial Ground, Frogmore, Windsor Great Park. She died at the age of 77, the same age at which her mother, Princess Helena, had also died.
Part II.
Health
Princess Helena’s health was not always robust, and she became was addicted to the drugs opium and laudanum. However, the Queen did not believe that Helena was really ill, often accusing her of hypochondria encouraged by an indulgent husband. Queen Victoria wrote to her daughter the Crown Princess of Prussia, complaining that Helena was inclined to “coddle herself (and Christian too) and to give way in everything that the great object of her doctors and nurse is to rouse her and make her think less of herself and of her confinement”.
Not all of her health scares were brought on by hypochondria; in 1869, she had to cancel her trip to Balmoral Castle when she became ill at the railway station. In 1870, she was suffering from severe rheumatism and problems with her joints. In July 1871, she suffered from congestion in her lungs, an illness severe enough to appear in the Court Circular, which announced that her illness caused “much anxiety to members of the royal family”. In 1873, she was forced to recuperate in France as a result of illness, and in the 1880s she travelled to Germany to see an oculist.
Nursing
Helena had a firm interest in nursing, and was the founding chair of the Ladies’ Committee of the British Red Cross in 1870, playing an active role in recruiting nurses and organising relief supplies during the Franco-Prussian War. She subsequently became President of the British Nurses’ Association (RBNA) upon its foundation in 1887. In 1891, it received the prefix “Royal”, and received a Royal Charter the following year. She was a strong supporter of nurse registration, an issue that was opposed by both Florence Nightingale and leading public figures.
Needlework
Helena was also active in the promotion of needlework, and became the first president of the newly established School of Art Needlework in 1872; in 1876, it acquired the “royal” prefix, becoming the Royal School of Needlework. In Helena’s words, the objective of the school was: “first, to revive a beautiful art which had been well-nigh lost; and secondly, through its revival, to provide employment for gentlewomen who were without means of a suitable livelihood.”
After Victoria
Edwardian period
In October 1900, while in Pretoria, South Africa, Prince Christian-Victor of Schleswig-Holstein, Helena’s favourite son, came down with malaria, and died of enteric fever, on 29 October 29, aged 33, after receiving Holy Communion in the presence of Lord Roberts and Prince Francis of Teck, the brother of the British queen Mary of Teck, wife of King the future King George V.
The reason Prince Christian-Victor was in Pretoria was because he served as a staff officer in the Second Boer War, being involved in the relief of Ladysmith under General Sir Redvers Buller and later was with Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts.
Prince Christian-Victor of Schleswig-Holstein
Three months after the death of her son, Prince Christian-Victor, her mother, Queen Victoria, died at Osborne House on January 22, 1901. Her brother, the new King, Edward VII, did not have close ties with his surviving sisters, with the exception of Princess Louise. Helena’s nephew, Prince Alexander of Battenberg (later Marquess of Carisbrooke) recorded that Queen Alexandra was jealous of the royal family, and would not invite her sisters-in-law to Sandringham. Moreover, Alexandra never fully reconciled herself to Helena and Christian following their marriage controversy in the 1860s.
Evidentially, the Royal Family was not very close and after the death of her mother and Princess Helena saw relatively little of her surviving siblings, and continued her role as a support to the monarchy and a campaigner for the many charities she represented. She and Christian led a quiet life, but did carry out a few royal engagements. On one such occasion, the elderly couple represented the King at the silver wedding anniversary, in 1906, of Emperor Wilhelm II (Helena’s nephew) and his wife Augusta-Victoria (Christian’s niece).
During the Edwardian period, Helena visited the grave of her son, Prince Christian Victor, She was met by South African Prime Minister Louis Botha, but Jan Smuts refused to meet her, partly because he was bitter that South Africa had lost the war and partly because his son had died in a British concentration camp.
Later years
Her brother King Edward VII died on May 6, 1910, and her nephew became King George V of the United Kingdom. The First World War began four years after his death. Helena devoted her time to nursing, and her daughter, Princess Marie-Louise, recorded in her memoirs that requests for news of German loved ones would often reach Helena and her sisters. It was decided that the letters should be forwarded to Crown Princess Margaret of Sweden, (born Princess Margaret of Connaught, niece of Princess Helena) as Sweden was neutral during the war.
King Edward VII
It was during the war that Helena and Christian celebrated their golden wedding anniversary in 1916, and despite the fact that Britain and Germany were at war, the Emperor Wilhelm II sent a congratulatory telegram to his aunt and uncle through the Crown Princess of Sweden. King George V and Queen Mary were present when the telegram was received, and the King remarked to Helena’s daughter, Marie-Louise, that her former husband, Prince Aribert of Anhalt, did her a service when he turned her out. When Marie-Louise said she would have run away to Britain if she was still married, the King said, “with a twinkle in his eye”, that he would have had to intern her.
The conclusion will be tomorrow!
HRH Princess Helena (Helena Augusta Victoria; May 25, 1846 –June 9, 1923) was the third daughter and fifth child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. Princess Helena was born at Buckingham Palace, the official royal residence in London of Queen Victoria. With Princess Helena birth on May 25, 1846, it was the day after her mother’s 27th birthday. Her father, Prince Albert, reported to his brother, Ernst II, the Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, that Helena “came into this world quite blue, but she is quite well now”.
Princess Helena (right) with her brother Prince Alfred. Helena was Alfred’s favourite sister. Portrait by Franz Xaver Winterhalter.
Prince Albert also said to his brother that the Queen “suffered longer and more than the other times and she will have to remain very quiet to recover. Albert and Victoria chose the names Helena Augusta Victoria. The German nickname for Helena was Helenchen, later shortened to Lenchen, the name by which members of the royal family invariably referred to Helena.
As the daughter of the sovereign, Helena was styled Her Royal Highness The Princess Helena from birth. Helena was baptised on July 25, 1846 at the private chapel at Buckingham Palace. Her godparents were the Prince Friedrich-Wilhelm, Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (the husband of Queen’s cousin); Princess Helene, Duchess of Orléans (for whom the Queen’s mother the Duchess of Kent stood proxy); and Augusta, Duchess of Cambridge (the Queen’s aunt).
Helena was a lively and outspoken child, and reacted against brotherly teasing by punching the bully on the nose. Her early talents included drawing. Lady Augusta Stanley, a lady-in-waiting to the Queen, commented favourably on the three-year-old Helena’s artwork.
Like her sisters, she could play the piano to a high standard at an early age. Other interests included science and technology, shared by her father Prince Albert, and horseback riding and boating, two of her favourite childhood occupations. However, Helena became a middle daughter following the birth of Princess Louise in 1848, and her abilities were overshadowed by her more artistic sisters.
Death of Prince Albert
Helena’s father, Prince Albert, died on December 14, 1861. The Queen was devastated, and ordered her household, along with her daughters, to move from Windsor to Osborne House, the Queen’s Isle of Wight residence. Helena’s grief was also profound, and she wrote to a friend a month later: “What we have lost nothing can ever replace, and our grief is most, most bitter … I adored Papa, I loved him more than anything on earth, his word was a most sacred law, and he was my help and adviser … These hours were the happiest of my life, and now it is all, all over.”
The Queen relied on her second eldest daughter Princess Alice as an unofficial secretary, but Alice needed an assistant of her own. Though Helena was the next eldest, she was considered unreliable by Victoria because of her inability to go long without bursting into tears. Therefore, Louise was selected to assume the role in her place. Alice was married to Prince Ludwig of Hesse and By Rhine in 1862, after which Helena assumed the role—described as the “crutch” of her mother’s old age by one biographer—at her mother’s side. In this role, she carried out minor secretarial tasks, such as writing the Queen’s letters, helping her with political correspondence, and providing her with company.
Marriage Controversy
Princess Helena began an early flirtation with her father’s former librarian, Carl Ruland, following his appointment to the Royal Household on the recommendation of Baron Stockmar in 1859. He was trusted enough to teach German to Helena’s brother, the young Prince of Wales, (future King Edward VII) and was described by the Queen as “useful and able”. When the Queen discovered that Helena had grown romantically attached to a royal servant, he was promptly dismissed back to his native Germany, and he never lost the Queen’s hostility.
Following Ruland’s departure in 1863, the Queen looked for a husband for Helena. However, as a middle child, the prospect of a powerful alliance with a European royal house was low.
Her appearance was also a concern, as by the age of fifteen she was described by her biographer as chunky, dowdy and double-chinned. Furthermore, Victoria insisted that Helena’s future husband had to be prepared to live near the Queen, thus keeping her daughter nearby. Her choice eventually fell on Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg; the match was politically awkward, and caused a severe breach within the royal family.
Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
Schleswig and Holstein were two territories fought over between Prussia and Denmark during the First and Second Schleswig Wars. In the latter, Prussia and Austria defeated Denmark, but the duchies were claimed by Austria for Prince Christian’s family. However, following the Austro-Prussian War, in which Prussia invaded and occupied the duchies, they became Prussian, but the title Duke of Schleswig-Holstein was still claimed by Prince Christian’s family.
The marriage, therefore, horrified King Christian IX of Denmark’s daughter, Alexandra, Princess of Wales, who exclaimed: “The Duchies belong to Papa.” Alexandra found support in her husband, his brother Prince Alfred, and his second sister, Princess Alice, who openly accused her mother of sacrificing Helena’s happiness for the Queen’s convenience.
Princess Helena and Prince Christian
Alice also argued that it would reduce the already low popularity of her sister, the Crown Princess of Prussia, at the court in Berlin. However, and unexpectedly, the Crown Princess, who had been a personal friend of Christian’s family for many years, ardently supported the proposed alliance.
In September 1865, while visiting Coburg, The Princess Helena met Prince Christian for the first time.
Despite the political controversies and their age difference—he was fifteen years her senior—Prince Christian was 35 and Helena was 21 at the time of her marriage-Helena was happy with Christian and was determined to marry him. As a younger son of a non-reigning duke, the absence of any foreign commitments allowed him to remain permanently in Britain—the Queen’s primary concern—and she declared the marriage would go ahead.
Helena and Christian were actually third cousins in descent from Frederick-Louis, Prince of Wales. Relations between Helena and Alexandra remained strained, and Alexandra was unprepared to accept Christian (who was also a third cousin to Alexandra in descent from King Frederik V of Denmark) as either a cousin or brother-in-law.
The Queen never forgave the Princess of Wales for accusations of possessiveness, and wrote of the Waleses shortly afterwards: “Bertie is most affectionate and kind but Alix [pet name for Alexandra] is by no means what she ought to be. It will be long, if ever, before she regains my confidence.”
Engagement and wedding
The engagement was declared on December 5, 1865, and despite the Prince of Wales’s initial refusal to attend, Princess Alice intervened, and the wedding was a happy occasion.
The Queen allowed the ceremony to take place at Windsor Castle, albeit in the Private Chapel rather than the grander St George’s Chapel on July 5, 1866. The Queen relieved her black mourning dress with a white mourning cap which draped over her back.
Seven days before the wedding, on 29 June 1866, the Queen granted her future son-in-law the style of Royal Highness by Royal Warrant. This Royal Warrant was only valid in the United King, in the North German Confederation where Prince Christian had the style of Highness.
The main participants filed into the chapel to the sound of Beethoven’s Triumphal March, creating a spectacle only marred by the sudden disappearance of Prince George, Duke of Cambridge, who had a sudden gout attack. Christian filed into the chapel with his two supporters, Prince Edward of Saxe-Weimar and Prince Frederic of Schleswig-Holstein, and Helena was given away by her mother, who escorted her up the aisle with the Prince of Wales and eight bridesmaids.
Christian looked older than he was, and one guest commented that Helena looked as if she was marrying an aged uncle. Indeed, when he was first summoned to Britain, he assumed that the widowed Queen was inspecting him as a new husband for herself rather than as a candidate for one of her daughters. The couple spent the first night of their married life at Osborne House, before honeymooning in Paris, Interlaken and Genoa.
Helena and Christian were devoted to each other, and led a quiet life in comparison to Helena’s sisters. Following their marriage, they took up residence at Cumberland Lodge in Windsor Great Park, the traditional residence of the Ranger of Windsor Great Park, the honorary position bestowed on Christian by the Queen. When staying in London, they lived at the Belgian Suite in Buckingham Palace.
The couple had six children: Christian Victor in 1867, Albert in 1869, and Helena Victoria and Marie Louise in 1870 and 1872 respectively. Their last two sons died early; Harald died eight days after his birth in 1876, and an unnamed son was stillborn in 1877. Princess Louise, Helena’s sister, commissioned the French sculptor Jules Dalou to sculpt a memorial to Helena’s dead infants.
The Christians were granted a parliamentary annuity of £6,000 a year, which the Queen requested in person. In addition, a dowry of £30,000 was settled upon, and the Queen gave the couple £100,000, which yielded an income of about £4,000 a year. As well as that of Ranger of Windsor Park, Christian was given the honorary position of High Steward of Windsor, and was made a Royal Commissioner for the Great Exhibition of 1851. However, he was often an absentee figurehead at the meetings, instead passing his time playing with his dog Corrie, feeding his numerous pigeons, and embarking on hunting excursions.
Helena, as promised, lived close to the Queen, and both she and Beatrice performed duties for her. Beatrice, whom Victoria had groomed for the main role at her side, carried out the more important duties, and Helena took on the more minor matters that Beatrice did not have time to do. In later years, Helena was assisted by her unmarried daughter, Helena Victoria, to whom the Queen dictated her journal in the last months of her life.
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Helena of the United Kingdom (1846
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A Lively Child
Helena Augusta Victoria was born on 25 May 1846 at Buckingham Palace and was the fifth child and third daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.
Helena’s birth seems to have been a difficult one as Albert indicated in a letter to his brother, Ernst II, that the child had been “quite blue” but had made a full recovery. The birth had also taken its toll on her mother as the labour had gone on longer than her previous births and she was taking longer to recover.
Helena was a lively child who loved riding, boating and music, as well as art, however she was often overshadowed by her sisters, Vicky and Alice. Helena spent most of her childhood moving from one royal residence to another with the rest of the family, however family life changed forever upon the death of Prince Albert in 1861. Distraught, Queen Victoria secluded herself from public life and it was left to Alice to perform her royal duties. The work was too vast for Alice to carry out alone but Helena was deemed too emotional to help and their younger sister, Louise, was chosen instead. However, when Alice married, Helena became her mother’s companion and dealt with her correspondence.
Marriage
In 1859, Helena almost caused a scandal after flirting with her father’s librarian, Carl Ruland, who was promptly sent packing back to Germany so the Queen began the search for a suitable husband. Being a middle child, Helena was considered to be less marketable and the Queen was determined this daughter would stay close. Christian of Schleswig-Holstein was considered the best candidate but he was fifteen years older than Helena and there were political problems as well. The territories of Schleswig and Holstein were constantly being fought over by Denmark and Prussia, with the latter having won the most recent war, although the Danish king was still laying claim to the titles. The Princess of Wales, formerly Alexandra of Denmark, was dismayed by the proposed match and was supported by her husband and Alice. However, the match was supported by Helena’s older sister, Vicky, who had been a family friend of Christian’s for many years.
Despite the controversy, Helena was happy with him and since Christian was a younger son with no commitments to his homeland, he was able to stay in England. The couple were married on 5 December 1865 at Windsor Castle in the presence of the Queen who gave away the bride and a reluctant Prince of Wales who had been persuaded to attend. The marriage was a happy one and Helena was content to live a quieter life than her older sisters at Cumberland Lodge in Windsor Greater Park where Christian was given the honorary position of High Steward.
A Quiet Life
Helena continued to assist her mother with minor duties, alongside younger sister, Beatrice, who was now the Queen’s constant companion. Helena also pursued her interests in nursing, becoming President of the British Nurses’ Association (RBNA) upon its foundation in 1887 until 1901 when she was ousted by Queen Alexandra. Alexandra was still harbouring resentment against Helena for her choice of husband, resulting in Helena’s increasing detachment from her brothers and sisters. Helena resigned the position to her sister-in-law but still remained active within other nursing organisations.
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Princess Helena of the United Kingdom and Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
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2018-10-20T20:02:34-04:00
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Princess Helena was the daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Great Britain.
Prince Christian was the son of Duke Christian August and Duchess...
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https://www.theroyalforums.com/threads/princess-helena-of-the-united-kingdom-and-prince-christian-of-schleswig-holstein.45668/
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Jan 13, 2023 - 5th child of Queen Victoria & Prince Albert. See more ideas about queen victoria, queen victoria prince albert, victoria.
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Princess Helena (1846-1923) and Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein (1831-1917)
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2006-09-07T05:13:56-04:00
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http://worldroots.com/brigitte/gifs6/helenabritain1846-2.jpg
Princess Helena with her younger sister Princess Louise...
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en
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/data/assets/logo/icon_192_royalforums.png
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The Royal Forums
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https://www.theroyalforums.com/threads/princess-helena-1846-1923-and-prince-christian-of-schleswig-holstein-1831-1917.10755/
|
auntie said:
Yes, so much in fact, that the rest of the British aristocracy called them "those Germans" It only stopped when George V and Mary who tried to bring up their children and marry them off as Englishly as possible!
It didn't even start with Edward VII and Alexandra? Alexandra was Danish after all, not German? But then her parents were German, so who knows? But of course, George VI, who was George V:s and Mary's son, did get married to Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, a Scottish aristocrat.
Amy said:
I think it was probably only depressing if you were poor. People who weren't poor had a wonderful time.
Your economy doesn't determine if you're happy or not. There will always be poor people, who are happier than some rich people. And I wonder how happy the princes and princesses of this era really were.
Amy said:
I think it was probably only depressing if you were poor. People who weren't poor had a wonderful time.
People were very restricted and ruled by very strict norms of behaviour. It was either to suppress all your individual ideas or to be socially ostracized. You lived within your small social circle and you abided by the fixed rules and it was a boring life in which one wrong step could ruin all. In order to create the right people for this kind of life you had to start to train your children early on and with extreme consequence. Books about childrens education during this time are books about torture - believe me. And the worst was thast there was not even the idea that something could be wrong with this lifestyle. It gives me the creeps just to think about it.
Avareenah said:
Helena and Christian's marriage was an arranged one, which many of the family were against, but it proved to be a happy union, with four children.
Helena and Christian were the only members of Queen Victoria's immediate family to celebrate their 50th wedding anniversary.
I always get a tingle when reading about their 50th wedding anniversary because their nephew sent them a telegram - so what you say!! He was the Kaiser and the anniversary was during World War One - even in the middle of a war with Britain he still managed to remember his British aunt and her husband and get a congratulatory telegram to them.
chrissy57 said:
I always get a tingle when reading about their 50th wedding anniversary because their nephew sent them a telegram - so what you say!! He was the Kaiser and the anniversary was during World War One - even in the middle of a war with Britain he still managed to remember his British aunt and her husband and get a congratulatory telegram to them.
Yes, amazing! That was one of the strange ways about Wilhelm II. He could be capable of great kindness while being almost brutal in his dealings with some -- his own family members too.
chrissy57 said:
I always get a tingle when reading about their 50th wedding anniversary because their nephew sent them a telegram - so what you say!! He was the Kaiser and the anniversary was during World War One - even in the middle of a war with Britain he still managed to remember his British aunt and her husband and get a congratulatory telegram to them.
Well, I still don't think the Kaiser had any reason to be ashamed of his mother being a Brittish princess. Britain was mightier than Germany, and Queen Victoria was still very much remembered. I think the Kaiser had every reason to be proud of having her as his grandmother. And his mother Victoria had probably taught him to appreciate his Brittish relations. So I don't see anything strange with the Kaiser sending a telegram to his Brittish aunt.
Avareenah said:
It is, yes, but I feel if Edward had lived long enough to celebrate his and Alexandra's Golden Wedding anniversary, it would have been somewhat of a hollow celebration, given the number of liaisons he had during his marriage, whereas Lenchen and Christian really seemed content together!
Even with the infidelity, it would have been a 50th anniversary of a king's and queen's wedding, so I don't think it would be too hollow. Maybe between Edward and Alexandra, but not officially.
Furienna said:
Well, I still don't think the Kaiser had any reason to be ashamed of his mother being a Brittish princess. Britain was mightier than Germany, and Queen Victoria was still very much remembered. I think the Kaiser had every reason to be proud of having her as his grandmother. And his mother Victoria had probably taught him to appreciate his Brittish relations. So I don't see anything strange with the Kaiser sending a telegram to his Brittish aunt.
My point was more that it was during the war when getting a telegram between friendly nations was difficult (based on the problems my great-grandmother had sending one to her husband's family telling them of his death - took 6 months to do so) but he managed to get one to a warring country.
Everything I have read about him suggests that he despised his British heritage, except for loving his grandmother. Even aged 4 he is supposed to have told the doctors not to stop a bleeding nose so his 'English blood' could flow out.
I suspect some of it was jealousy that as the eldest child of the eldest child he wasn't the heir to the British throne.
Even with the infidelity, it would have been a 50th anniversary of a king's and queen's wedding, so I don't think it would be too hollow. Maybe between Edward and Alexandra, but not officially.
I actually think that in his way Edward loved Alix, mainly due to the fact that he never ever allowed anyone to insult her. Who knows, if he had more to do officially, maybe he wouldn't have strayed? Then again Alix's illness in her third pregnancy and her deafness was hard to live with for a man who enjoyed company as much as he did - not an excuse of course but a bit of an explanation.
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https://orlando.cambridge.org/people/0ce5b6e6-80c5-47a0-810e-29f456af5430
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en
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Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
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/themes/custom/orlando_interface/favicon.ico
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https://orlando.cambridge.org/people/0ce5b6e6-80c5-47a0-810e-29f456af5430
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QV gave birth to Princess Helena Augusta Victoria , her fifth child, commonly known as Lenchen.
Munich, Adrienne. Queen Victoria’s Secrets. Columbia University Press.
xiv
QV 's daughter Crown Princess Helena married Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg .
Munich, Adrienne. Queen Victoria’s Secrets. Columbia University Press.
xvii
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https://npgshop.org.uk/products/prince-christian-of-schleswig-holstein-princess-helena-augusta-victoria-of-schleswig-npg-ax46775-print
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en
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Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein; Princess Helena Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein Portrait Print
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High quality digital portrait print, made to order to your choice of size, paper finish, and frame, from the National Portrait Gallery Collection
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https://npgshop.org.uk/products/prince-christian-of-schleswig-holstein-princess-helena-augusta-victoria-of-schleswig-npg-ax46775-print
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Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein; Princess Helena Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein NPG Ax46775
© National Portrait Gallery, London
by Unknown photographer
Princess Helena Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein was a member of the British Royal Family, the fifth-born child and the third daughter of Queen Victoria. In 1866 she married Prince (Frederick) Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg. Helena devoted much time and effort to charitable causes. She set up and helped to supervise a holiday house for deprived and handicapped London children near Cumberland Lodge, and she was a founder member of the Red Cross. She was active in voluntary work during the First World War. In... more
Extra small 102mm x 153mm £6.00
Small 297mm x 210mm £15.00
Medium 483mm x 329mm £30.00
Large 590mm x 432mm £45.00
Extra large: 840mm x 612mm £75.00
Medium Canvas Shortest edge 297mm £35.00
Images are printed in their original proportions, within a white border, on the paper of your choice. Please note that dimensions listed above are for the paper size only.
The Photo paper has a semi-gloss finish, ideally suited to reproductions of photographs, while the Art paper has a matt textured surface that works particularly well for reproductions of drawings, etchings and some paintings.
If selecting a frame for Photo paper small or medium, please note that the frame is black, made from solid sustainable wood in the UK, and the dimensions are:
Small: Depth 23mm / Height 332mm / Width 245mm
Medium: Depth 23mm / Height 517mm / Width 362mm
Shipping: United Kingdom
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Further information on shipping rates, returns and damages can be found here
Teemill Shipping charges: UK Mainland - £4.00 Europe - £6.00 International (ROW) - £7.00
Teemill shipping rates are charged separately to National Portrait Gallery shipping charges. Please note that both shipping charges may apply in some cases due to items being shipped from different locations.
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https://www.tatler.com/article/who-was-princess-helena-of-denmark-traitor-princess-denmark-prince-harald
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Who was Princess Helena of Denmark? Tatler revisits the story of the country’s ‘Traitor Princess’ who was sister-in-law to the king
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[
"Evie Delaney",
"Isaac Zamet",
"Harriet Johnston",
"Annabel Sampson",
"Isaac Bickerstaff",
"Hope Coke",
"Condé Nast"
] |
2024-01-18T10:50:59.363000+00:00
|
Following the enthronement of King Frederik and Queen Mary of Denmark this month, Tatler reveals the cold-hearted collaborationist lurking in the shadows of Denmark’s royal past
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en
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https://www.tatler.com/verso/static/tatler-international/assets/favicon.ico
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Tatler
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https://www.tatler.com/article/who-was-princess-helena-of-denmark-traitor-princess-denmark-prince-harald
|
Operation Weserübung saw the attack of Denmark by Germany in 1940, officially breaking the peace pact established at the start of World War II. German occupation followed, but King Christian X remained on the throne. And so the Danish royal family became national emblems of resistance at a time of great uncertainty, violence and widespread oppression. But there was a defector in their midst in the form of one Princess Helena.
According to Danish royal writer Trong Norén Isaksen, German-born Princess Helena was ‘banished’ upon Denmark’s liberation in 1945. The princess, wife of Prince Harald and sister-in-law to King Christian, was considered a de facto traitor, and was therefore removed from the country ‘with the king’s full approval,’ according to the Danish press at the time. But what exactly did she do to warrant the expulsion?
The marriage of Helena and Harald was seen as a great symbol of Danish unity, as it brought together the royal and ducal branches of the monarchy. But the effect was quite the opposite, it seems.
Harald and Helena married in April 1909, at Glucksburg Castle outside Copenhagen, and proceeded to have five children together, all heirs to the Danish throne. Despite setting up an orphanage during the 1920s, Isakensen suggests that Helena was a strong and cruel mother.
It seems that Helena’s brutality at home was just the start of the deeply problematic views that lurked within. Despite a hopeful start to the marriage, with artist Charles Binger stating that the country met her with ‘laughter and kind words’, public perception of the princess shifted following the occupation, when she purportedly began to openly sympathise with Germany and therefore align herself with the Nazi party. The Danish resistance movement – a group who rebelled against the Nazi occupation -–have labelled Helena as the only member of the royal family who betrayed Denmark in her German allegiances. Not only did Helena reportedly host Germans in her home and at The Tourist Hotel during the war, she also attempted to convince her husband Harald to allow Nazi members into the Danish government.
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https://queenvictoriaroses.co.uk/2023/07/05/the-wedding-of-princess-helena-and-prince-christian-of-schleswig-holstein/
|
en
|
The wedding of Princess Helena and Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
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[
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] |
2023-07-05T00:00:00
|
On the 5th July 1866, Princess Helena, fifth child of Queen Victoria, married Prince Christian of Scleswig-Holstein in the Private Chapel at Windsor Castle ‘The Marriage of Princess Helena, 5 July 1866’ by Christian Karl Magnussen, dated 1866-1869 ©️ Royal Collection Trust / HM King Charles III While serving as her mothers private secretary, Helena…
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en
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Queen.Victoria.Roses
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https://queenvictoriaroses.co.uk/2023/07/05/the-wedding-of-princess-helena-and-prince-christian-of-schleswig-holstein/
|
On the 5th July 1866, Princess Helena, fifth child of Queen Victoria, married Prince Christian of Scleswig-Holstein in the Private Chapel at Windsor Castle
While serving as her mothers private secretary, Helena became romantically involved with her brothers tutor, Carl Ruland, who had previously served as her father’s librarian. When she found out in 1863, Queen Victoria lost all respect for previously praised Ruland and had had him dismissed back to his home in Germany.
Wanting to prevent it from happening again, Victoria began looking at suitors for Helena. But as the middle child of the sovereign, and deemed “plump”, “dowdy” and “without charm” by her mother, Helena’s prospects were low. Queen Victoria limited her choices more by demanding that Helena’s betrothed should be willing to live near the Queen so that the princess could continue to serve as her secretary and companion.
With most eligible bachelor’s out of the question, King Leopold I of Belgium, suggested Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein. Happy with the suggestion, Queen Victoria summoned Prince Christian to undergo her inspection. However, aged 35, the prince thought the Queen was planning to marry him herself and was shocked to discover that he was in fact a possible suitor for her 19 year old daughter!
Helena and Christian first met in August 1865, when Queen Victoria and her nine children traveled to Coburg to reveal a statue of Prince Albert. Although he was 15 years older, Helena knew she didn’t have much choice and supported the prospective match but her siblings were strongly against it. Alexandra, Princess of Wales, disapproved the most, as the Schleswig-Holstein territory had belonged to her father before the Austro-Prussian War and couldn’t stand the thought of him joining the family. Prince Albert Edward, Alexandra’s husband and Helena’s brother, was also against the match in support of his wife. Queen Victoria’s third child, Princess Alice believed that the Queen was sacrificing Helena’s happiness for her own convenience. With Christian’s age her main concern, many wedding guests later said it looked like Helena was marrying an aged uncle! The only members of the family that truly agreed were Helena’s eldest sister, Victoria, and her husband, Crown Prince Friedrich of Germany, who had been friends with Christian for years.
Despite the controversy, Helena was determined to marry Christian. Their engagement was announced on 5th December 1865 and they married exactly seven months later at 12:30pm in the Private Chapel at Windsor Castle, on the 5th July 1866. As guests gathered in the castle, Helena waited in Queen Victoria’s private apartment, before walking down to the chapel in a moderately large procession. The guest list included: British and foreign royals, members of Queen Victoria’s household, foreign representatives, government officials, close friends and also close employees. Supported by her mother, the Prince of wales and eight bridesmaids, Helena made her way down the isle to the opera ‘Scipio’. She was wearing a silk dress, decorated in honiton lace, orange blossom and myrtle; as well as a necklace, earrings and brooch, which were a wedding gift from her mother.
After the ceremony, the happy couple, Queen Victoria and other members of the family and household, headed to the White Drawing Room to sign the marriage registry. A luncheon was then held in the Oak Room for royalty, while a buffet was held in the Waterloo Chamber for all other guests. At 4:15pm, the couple left Windsor to spend their first night at Osborne House, before honeymooning in Paris, Interlaken and Genoa. That evening, banquet was held in the Waterloo Gallery for remaining guests, as well as an evening party, which took place in St. George’s Hall.
Upon their return to England, the couple took residence at Cumberland Lodge in Windsor Great Park and used the Belgian suite at Buckingham Palace whenever they were in London. Helena gave birth to their first child, Prince Christian Victor, on 14th April 1867. She went on to have a total of seven children in the space of nine years, but sadly her sixth child, Prince Harald, only lived eight days and her final child was a stillborn son. Despite the heartbreak, Helena and Christian remained close.
In 1917, King George V retracted all German titles in the royal family and the couple became known simply as Prince and Princess Christian. Just three months later, on 28 October, Christian died aged 86, at their Pall Mall home, Schomberg House. Helena was devastated by his death and spent her final years living with her two daughters: Princess Helena Victoria and Princess Marie Louise.
Thank you for taking the time to read today’s blog, I hope you have enjoyed it. If you have any questions, please leave them in the comments section below or send them to me on instagram. You can also support my research by visiting and subscribing or donating to my Ko-fi page. Don’t forget, you can also subscribe to by website for email updates about new blogs! Thank you again, Shannon x
This article is the intellectual property of Queen.Victoria.Roses and should not be COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances unless permission is given by the author
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http://www.gogmsite.net/early_victorian_-_1837_-_18/princess_royal_victoria/princesses_helena_and_louis/
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en
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Albumette: Princess Helena
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[
"Princess Helena",
"Helena Augusta Victoria",
"Helena von GroÃbritannien und Irland",
"Lenchen",
"Prinzessin von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg",
"Prinzessin Christian",
"Princess Christian",
"Hanover family",
"Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg family",
"Princess"
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This is an album of images of Queen Victoria's daughters, Princesses Helena and Louise.
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http://www.gogmsite.net/early_victorian_-_1837_-_18/princess_royal_victoria/princesses_helena_and_louis/
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Princess Helena Augusta Victoria, Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein by marriage, was not well-placed to land her "Prince Charming." She was also said to be dowdy and have a double chin. She wed Prince Christian from the un-illustrious Schleswig-Holstein family who was fifteen years older than she. Her husband's origins pleased Queen Victoria who had them stay in Britain so Helena could help. She had six children, four of whom survived to adulthood. One of her sons served in the German Army until World War I, but was excused from fighting the UK by Kaiser Wilhelm II. Another son died of malaria while fighting in the Boer War.  She died in 1923, unpleasantly estranged from her siblings. Her Wikipedia article is here.
I have seen that these Princesses can be confused with each other. Please notify me of misidentifications.
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https://dbpedia.org/page/Princess_Helena_of_the_United_Kingdom
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en
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About: Princess Helena of the United Kingdom
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Princess Helena of the United Kingdom VA CI GBE RRC (Helena Augusta Victoria; 25 May 1846 – 9 June 1923), later Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, was the third daughter and fifth child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.
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DBpedia
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http://dbpedia.org/resource/Princess_Helena_of_the_United_Kingdom
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dbo:abstract
Helena del Regne Unit, princesa de Schleswig-Holstein (Londres 1846 - 1923). Filla de la reina Victòria I del Regne Unit i del príncep Albert de Saxònia-Coburg Gotha. Des de la mort del seu pare l'any 1861 es mantingué al costat de la seva mare tenint un paper important a la cort britànica. Fou coneguda amb el nom de Lenchen. L'any 1866 es casà amb el príncep Cristià de Schleswig-Holstein fill del duc Cristià August II de Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg i de la comtessa Lluïsa Sofia Danneskjold-Samsøe. El casament implicà una enorme disputa en el si de la família reial britànica, mentre la princesa reial Victòria del Regne Unit, reina de Prússia i el seu espòs el futur kàiser Frederic III de Prússia recolzaven el matrimoni, ja que el duc Augustenburg era el principal candidat a ocupar el tron de Schleswig i Holstein en contra de (aquí tot es barrejava amb els antogonismes interns de la casa reial prussiana; la princesa de Gal·les Alexandra de Dinamarca i el seu espòs el futur rei Eduard VII del Regne Unit estaven en contra de les demandes dels Augustenburg perquè creien que els ducats eren danesos i en conseqüència del pare de la princesa de Gal·les. La parella que es conegué a Coburg el 1866 es casà a la Capella Privada de Castell de Windsor el mateix any i tingueren quatre fill que arribaren a la vida adulta: * Sa Altesa el príncep nascut l'any 1867 a Londres i mort l'any 1900. * SA nascut a Londres el 1868 i mort el 1931. * SA nascuda a Windsor el 1870 i morta a Londres el 1948. * SA la , princesa d'Anhalt nascuda a Windsor el 1872 i morta a Londres el 1956, es casà el 1891 amb el príncep del qual es divorcià el 1900 a causa de la seva homosexualitat. Va portar una vida bastant retirada de la vida pública però mantingué uns certs deures reials vinculats amb associacions a les quals pertanyia com la de "Dones cristianes britàniques". Morí el 1923 a Londres i fou enterrada a Castell de Windsor. (ca)
Princezna Helena (celým jménem Helena Augusta Viktorie, sňatkem princezna Kristiána Šlesvicko-Holštýnského; 25. května 1846 – 9. června 1923) byla členka britské královské rodiny, třetí dcera a páté dítě královny Viktorie a prince Alberta. (cs)
الأميرة هيليناأوغستا فكتوريا (بالإنجليزية: Helena Augusta Victoria) هي إحدى بنات الملكة فكتوريا. (ar)
Η Έλενα του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου (αγγλικά: Helena of the United Kingdom, 25 Μαΐου 1846 - 9 Ιουνίου 1923) ήταν η τρίτη κόρη και το πέμπτο παιδί της Βικτωρίας του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου και του Αλβέρτου της Σαξονίας-Κοβούργου-Γκότα. (el)
Prinzessin Helena Augusta Victoria von Großbritannien und Irland VA CI GCVO GBE RRC (* 25. Mai 1846 im Buckingham Palace, London; † 9. Juni 1923 in , London) war das fünfte Kind der britischen Königin Victoria und ihres Gemahls Albert von Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha. (de)
Elena Augusta Victoria del Reino Unido (en inglés: Helena Augusta Victoria Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Princess of the United Kingdom, 25 de mayo de 1846-9 de junio de 1923), por matrimonio princesa Cristián de Schleswig-Holstein y posteriormente conocida como princesa Cristián, fue la quinta de los nueve hijos de la reina Victoria del Reino Unido y el príncipe Alberto de Sajonia-Coburgo-Gotha. Educada por tutores privados elegidos por su padre y el amigo y consejero de este, el barón Stockmar, su infancia transcurrió al lado de su familia, viajando entre la variedad de residencias que tenían en el Reino Unido. La atmósfera de cordialidad al interior de la corte llegó a su fin el 14 de diciembre de 1861, cuando su padre murió y su madre inició un período de intenso duelo. En los primeros años de la década de 1860, Elena comenzó un flirteo con el bibliotecario alemán del príncipe Alberto, Carl Ruland. Aunque en gran parte se desconoce la naturaleza de la relación, todavía sobreviven algunas cartas románticas que la princesa escribió a Ruland. Cuando la reina se enteró en 1863, despidió a Ruland, quien regresó a su natal Alemania. Tres años más tarde, el 5 de julio de 1866, Elena se casó con el empobrecido príncipe alemán Cristián de Schleswig-Holstein. La pareja permaneció en Inglaterra, a corta distancia de la reina, a quien le gustaba tener cerca a sus hijas. Elena y su hermana menor, Beatriz, se convirtieron en las secretarias no oficiales de su madre. Después de la muerte de la reina Victoria el 22 de enero de 1901, Elena se relacionó relativamente poco con sus hermanos. Era el miembro más activo de la familia real y cumplía con un extenso programa de compromisos en una época en la que no se esperaba que la realeza apareciera en público con frecuencia. También fue una activa patrocinadora de organizaciones benéficas y uno de los miembros fundadores de la Cruz Roja. Fue la presidenta fundadora de la Royal School of Needlework y presidenta de la Royal British Nurses' Association. Como dirigente de esta última apoyó con energía el registro de enfermeras, en contra de lo recomendado por Florence Nightingale. Fue la primera de la familia en celebrar su quincuagésimo aniversario de bodas en 1916, pero su marido murió un año después; Elena le sobrevivió por seis años y murió en el 9 de junio de 1923 a los 77 años. (es)
Helena du Royaume-Uni, née au palais de Buckingham à Londres le 25 mai 1846 et décédée à Schomberg House dans la même ville le 9 juin 1923, est un membre de la famille royale britannique, devenue par mariage princesse de Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderbourg-Augustenbourg. Elle est le cinquième enfant et la troisième fille de la reine Victoria du Royaume-Uni et du prince consort Albert de Saxe-Cobourg-Gotha. Helena reçoit l'enseignement de tuteurs privés choisis par son père et son proche conseiller, le baron Stockmar. Elle passe son enfance avec ses parents, entre les différentes résidences royales en Angleterre. L'atmosphère intimiste de la cour royale prend fin le 14 décembre 1861, quand son père décède et que sa mère entre dans une période de deuil profond. Au début des années 1860, Helena entretient une relation amoureuse avec le bibliothécaire allemand du prince Albert, Carl Ruland. Bien que le fait que la nature exacte de leur relation soit largement méconnue, les lettres d'amour d'Helena à Ruland se multiplient. Lorsque la reine le découvre en 1863, elle renvoie Ruland qui rentre dans son Allemagne natale. Trois ans plus tard, le 5 juillet 1866, Helena épouse le prince Christian de Schleswig-Holstein, alors ruiné. Le couple réside en Angleterre, près de la reine qui aime avoir ses filles auprès d'elle. Helena devient, avec sa sœur cadette la princesse Béatrice, secrétaire non officielle de la reine. Mais à la mort de la reine Victoria le 22 janvier 1901, Helena ne fréquente que très peu ses frères et sœurs, dont le roi Édouard VII. Helena est le membre le plus actif de la famille royale, menant un programme intensif d'actions caritatives. A la tête de nombreuses œuvres caritatives, elle est l'un des membres fondateurs de la Croix-Rouge britannique. Elle est également la présidente fondatrice de la Royal School of Needlework et la présidente de la Workhouse Infirmary Nursing Association et de la Royal British Nurses' Association. En tant que présidente de ces dernières associations, elle est un solide soutien à la reconnaissance des infirmières, et s'oppose ainsi à Florence Nightingale. En 1916, elle devient le premier membre de sa famille à célébrer son cinquantième anniversaire de mariage ; son mari décède une année seulement après. Helena lui survit six années durant, et meurt le 9 juin 1923 à l'âge de 77 ans. (fr)
Princess Helena of the United Kingdom VA CI GBE RRC (Helena Augusta Victoria; 25 May 1846 – 9 June 1923), later Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, was the third daughter and fifth child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Helena was educated by private tutors chosen by her father and his close friend and adviser, Baron Stockmar. Her childhood was spent with her parents, travelling between a variety of royal residences in Britain. The intimate atmosphere of the royal court came to an end on 14 December 1861, when her father died and her mother entered a period of intense mourning. Afterwards, in the early 1860s, Helena began a flirtation with Prince Albert's German librarian, Carl Ruland. Although the nature of the relationship is largely unknown, Helena's romantic letters to Ruland survive. After her mother discovered the flirtations, in 1863, she dismissed Ruland, who returned to his native Germany. Three years later, on 5 July 1866, Helena married the impoverished Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein. The couple remained in Britain, in calling distance of the queen, who liked to have her daughters nearby. Helena, along with her youngest sister, Princess Beatrice, became the queen's unofficial secretary. However, after Queen Victoria's death on 22 January 1901, Helena saw relatively little of her surviving siblings. Helena was the most active member of the royal family, carrying out an extensive programme of royal engagements. She was also an active patron of charities, and was one of the founding members of the British Red Cross. She was founding president of the Royal School of Needlework, and president of the Workhouse Infirmary Nursing Association and the Royal British Nurses' Association. As president of the latter, she was a strong supporter of nurse registration against the advice of Florence Nightingale. In 1916 she became the first member of her family to celebrate her 50th wedding anniversary, but her husband died a year later. Helena outlived him by six years, dying aged 77 in 1923. (en)
Putri Helena; Putri Christian dari Schleswig-Holstein 25 Mei 1846 – 9 Juni 1923 adalah anak kelima dan putri ketiga dari Ratu Victoria dan Pangeran Albert. (in)
La principessa Elena del Regno Unito (GBE, RRC, DStJ, VA, CI Helena Augusta Victoria, principessa Cristiano di Schleswig-Holstein per matrimonio, poi dal 1917 principessa Cristiano; Londra, 25 maggio 1846 – Londra, 9 giugno 1923) fu una principessa membro della Famiglia reale britannica terza figlia e quinta fra i figli della regina Vittoria del Regno Unito e di Alberto di Sassonia-Coburgo-Gotha, principe consorte. In famiglia, Elena veniva chiamata "Lenchen". Elena fu educata da insegnanti privati scelti da suo padre e dal suo consigliere e amico il Barone Stockmar. Trascorse la sua infanzia insieme ai genitori, viaggiando tra le varie residenze del Regno Unito. L'atmosfera intima della corte reale terminò il 14 dicembre 1861 quando suo padre morì e sua madre cominciò un periodo di lutto stretto. Al principio del decennio del 1860, Elena ebbe un flirt con il bibliotecario tedesco del principe Alberto, Carl Ruland. Sebbene la natura del rapporto è in gran parte sconosciuta, le lettere romantiche di Elena a Ruland sopravvissero. Quando la regina Vittoria scoprì il loro rapporto nel 1863, licenziò Ruland che ritornò nella sua nativa Germania. Tre anni dopo, il 5 luglio 1866, Elena sposò il decaduto principe tedesco Cristiano di Schleswig-Holstein. La coppia rimase in Gran Bretagna, su richiesta della Regina, a cui piaceva avere le figlie accanto, così Elena con la sorella più piccola, la principessa Beatrice, divenne segretario non ufficiale della Sovrana. Dopo la morte della regina Vittoria il 22 gennaio 1901, Elena vide relativamente poco i suoi fratelli ancora in vita. Elena era il membro più attivo della famiglia reale, realizzando un ampio programma di impegni che la videro coinvolta a dispetto del fatto che a quel tempo i membri della famiglia reale non apparivano spesso in pubblico. Fu una mecenate attiva degli enti di beneficenza e uno dei membri fondatori della Croce Rossa britannica. Fu presidente e fondatore della Scuola Reale di Ricamo e presidente dell'Associazione Reale Britannica delle Infermiere e in questa veste sostenne tenacemente la creazione dell'albo delle infermiere contro il parere di Florence Nightingale. Fu il primo membro Casa Reale a festeggiare il suo 50º anniversario di nozze nel 1916, ma suo marito morì l'anno successivo. Elena gli sopravvisse per sei anni e morì all'età di 77 anni a il 9 giugno 1923. (it)
ヘレナ・オブ・ザ・ユナイテッド・キングダム王女（Princess Helena of the United Kingdom, 1846年5月25日 - 1923年6月9日）は、イギリス女王ヴィクトリアと王配アルバートの第3王女。 (ja)
영국 공주 헬레나(Helena Augusta Victoria, 1846년 5월 25일 ~ 1923년 6월 9일)는 작센코부르크고타의 앨버트와 빅토리아 사이에서 태어난 삼녀로 태어났다. 덴마크의 왕가인 슐레스비히홀슈타인존더부르크글뤽스부르크 왕가의 친척뻘인 의 삼남 와 혼인하였다. 제1차 세계 대전으로 반독일감정이 형성되자, 남편과 함께 슐레스비히홀슈타인에서의 모든 권리를 포기하였다. (ko)
Prinses Helena Augusta Victoria van het Verenigd Koninkrijk (Buckingham Palace, Londen, 25 mei 1846 – Schomberg House, Londen, 9 juni 1923), was een prinses van het Verenigd Koninkrijk. Ze was de derde dochter en het vijfde kind van koningin Victoria en prins-gemaal Albert van Saksen-Coburg en Gotha. Ze was daardoor een lid van het Brits Koninklijk huis. Helena werd opgevoed en kreeg haar opleiding van privéleraren uitgekozen door haar vader en diens goede vriend en adviseur, Baron Stockmar. Haar jeugd bracht ze door met haar ouders, en het reizen tussen de verschillende koninklijke residenties in Groot-Brittannië. De intieme sfeer aan het koninklijk hof kwam aan een einde op 14 december 1861, toen haar vader stierf, en de koninklijke familie in een periode van intense rouw terechtkwam. In het begin van de jaren 60 van de 19e eeuw, had Helena een flirt met Carl Ruland, de bibliothecaris van prins Albert. Ook al is de relatie altijd stilgehouden, de brieven die Helena naar Ruland schreef zijn bewaard gebleven. In 1863 kwam koningin Victoria achter deze affaire, daardoor moest Ruland het hof verlaten en keerde hij terug naar Duitsland. Drie jaar later op 5 juli 1866 huwde Helena met de verpauperde Duitser Christiaan van Sleeswijk-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg. Het koppel bleef in Groot-Brittannië wonen, dicht bij haar moeder de koningin. Dit kwam doordat Victoria graag haar dochters in de buurt wilde houden. Samen met haar jongere zus Beatrice, werd ze later een onofficiële secretaresse van de koningin. Hoe dan ook, na de dood van koningin Victoria op 22 januari 1901, zag ze weinig van haar nog levende broers en zussen. Helena was het meest actieve lid van de koninklijke familie, ze was druk met het uitvoeren van vele taken van de familie, ze had een uitgebreid programma van koninklijke verplichtingen in een tijd waarin er niet werd verwacht dat de koninklijke familie vaak in de openbaarheid verscheen. (nl)
Helena, właśc. Helena Augusta Victoria (ur. 25 maja 1846 w Londynie, zm. 9 czerwca 1923 tamże) – księżniczka Zjednoczonego Królestwa, księżna Szlezwika-Holsztynu. (pl)
Helena Augusta Vitória (em inglês: Helena Augusta Victoria; Londres, 25 de maio de 1846 – Londres, 9 de junho de 1923), foi a quinta filha, a terceira menina, da rainha Vitória do Reino Unido e de seu marido o príncipe Alberto de Saxe-Coburgo-Gota. Helena foi educada por professores particulares escolhidos por seu pai e por seu amigo e conselheiro o barão Christian Friedrich von Stockmar. Ela passou sua infância com os pais, viajando entre as várias residências reais. A atmosfera íntima da corte terminou abruptamente em dezembro de 1861 com a morte do príncipe Alberto, fazendo com que Vitória entrasse em um período de profundo luto. A princesa começou a flertar durante o início da década de 1860 com Carl Ruland, o bibliotecário germânico de seu pai. Apesar de ser desconhecida a verdadeira natureza da relação, existem algumas cartas românticas entre os dois. A rainha dispensou Ruland em 1863 ao descobrir sobre o caso. Helena se casou três anos depois em julho de 1866 com o empobrecido príncipe germânico Cristiano de Eslésvico-Holsácia. O casal ficou vivendo no Reino Unido, próximos da rainha, que gostava de manter suas filhas por perto. Helena e sua irmã mais nova a princesa Beatriz tornaram-se as secretárias extraoficiais de Vitória. Após a morte da mãe em janeiro de 1901, a princesa viu poucas vezes seus irmãos ainda vivos. Helena era o membro mais ativo da família real, realizando um extenso programa do compromissos durante uma época em que não esperado que a realeza aparecesse em público. Era também uma ativa patrona de organizações de caridade, sendo a presidente fundadora da Escola Real de Costura e presidente da Associação Real das Enfermeiras Britânicas. Como presidente da segunda, foi uma grande apoiadora do registro de enfermeiras. A princesa se tornou o primeiro membro da família real a celebrar um aniversário de cinquenta anos de casamento, porém seu marido morreu um ano depois em 1917. Helena viveu por mais seis anos e morreu em junho de 1923. (pt)
Helena av Storbritannien, född 25 maj 1846, död 9 juni 1923, var en brittisk prinsessa, dotter till Viktoria I av Storbritannien och Albert av Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha. Hon var en av Röda korsets grundare i Storbritannien och var president vid Royal School of Needlework och Royal British Nurses' Association och stödde registrering av sjuksköterskor mot Florence Nightingales förslag. Helena var den mest aktiva medlemmen i den brittiska kungafamiljen, utförde många representationsuppdrag och var engagerad i många projekt. Hon var från 1871 till 1901 moderns assisterande sekreterare, under sin syster Beatrice. (sv)
海伦娜公主，全名海伦娜·奥古斯塔·维多利亚（英語：Helena Augusta Victoria，1846年5月25日－1923年6月9日），是维多利亚女王与及阿尔伯特亲王的第五个孩子，也是第三个女儿。海伦娜公主嫁给了石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因-宗德堡-奥古斯腾堡公爵的次子。 (zh)
Еле́на Великобрита́нская (англ. Helena of the United Kingdom), также Еле́на Са́ксен-Ко́бург-Го́тская (англ. Helena of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha; 25 мая 1846, Лондон — 9 июня 1923, там же) — третья дочь британской королевы Виктории и её супруга Альберта Саксен-Кобург-Готского; в замужестве — принцесса Шлезвиг-Гольштейнская. Елена была воспитана частными наставниками, выбранными её отцом и его близким другом и советником бароном Стокмаром. Своё детство она провела с родителями, путешествуя по многочисленным королевским резиденциям Великобритании. Тёплая семейная атмосфера королевского двора исчезла в 1861 году со смертью её отца принца Альберта, когда королева Виктория начала период интенсивного траура. В начале 1860-х годов у принцессы завязались романтические отношения с Карлом Руландом, немецким библиотекарем принца Альберта. После того, как королева узнала об этих отношениях, в 1863 году она отказала Руланду в месте, и Руланд вернулся на родину в Германию. Три года спустя Елена вышла замуж за обедневшего немецкого принца Кристиана Шлезвиг-Гольштейнского. Пара осталась жить в Великобритании, и Елена вместе со своей младшей сестрой Беатрисой стала неофициальным секретарём королевы. Однако после смерти матери в 1901 году Елена мало виделась с братьями и сёстрами. Елена была наиболее активным членом королевской семьи, исполняя обширные королевские обязательства. Она была активным патроном благотворительных учреждений и одним из членов-учредителей награды «Королевского Красного креста», основала Королевскую школу рукоделия, а также была президентом Королевской ассоциации британских медсестёр. Елена стала первым членом королевской семьи, отпраздновавшим золотую свадьбу, однако, её муж умер всего год спустя. Елена пережила его на шесть лет и умерла в июне 1923 года в возрасте 77 лет. (ru)
Єлена Августа Вікторія Великобританська (англ. Helena Augusta Victoria of the United Kingdom), також Єлена Саксен-Кобург-Готська (англ. Helena of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha), (нар. 25 травня 1846 — пом. 9 червня 1923) — британська принцеса з Саксен-Кобург-Готської династії, донька королеви Великої Британії Вікторії та принца-консорта Альберта Саксен-Кобург-Готського, дружина принца Шлезвіг-Гольштейнського Крістіана. Перекладачка. Дама кількох орденів. (uk)
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Royal Styles and Titles of Great Britain: Documents
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Introduction
This page presents original documents relating to styles and titles of the British royal family (see the general discussion).
The first part of this page contains official grants and decisions on styles and titles issued by the sovereign in any form (letters patent, warrants, etc). First, general grants are presented (that is, grants that apply to classes of people); then, individual grants (that is, grants that apply to one or more named individual and possibly their issue). Finally, some documents are presented concerning relatives of the Royal family who were not necessarily considered part of the Royal family but received special treatment: the Tecks, Battenbergs, and Gleichens.
The second part presents evidence of official usage (usage in official documents, particularly documents emanating from or signed by the sovereign) for certain individuals: the descendants of the duke of Cumberland (royal family of Hanover from 1837), and the successive princes of Wales (from 1716 to the present prince).
The third part collects warrants relating to the heraldry of members of the British royal family.
In almost every instance, the text I reproduce is the actual warrant or letters patent. The full text of these documents is rarely published, and I have reproduced either the original document or certified copies found in the National Archives or in the records of the College of Arms (reproduced with kind permission of the College). Usually, a grant or decision is gazetted in the London Gazette, and some report will also appear in the Times. Although the texts sent to the Gazette were drafted and reviewed in the Home Office, the announcement is an abridgement of the original document, usually omitting the preamble and sometimes differing in the exact wording of the dispositive part. Occasionally, however, the Gazette announcement conveys additional information that is not in the letters patent (for example, in 1957, the Queen's wishes as to the manner in which her husband should be designated). Therefore, I have also reproduced the Gazette or Times announcements, indented to the right.
It should be noted that the by-line date under which the document is gazetted is not necessarily the same as the date of the document itself. Sometimes, the announcement specifies the date of the document (e.g., 'by Letters Patent dated ..."), but oftentimes it doesn't.
1. Grants and Decisions
1A: General
Children of sons of the Sovereign (Jan 30, 1864)
See a picture of the original letter patents (Credit: The National Archives, ref. HO125/1).
Victoria by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Queen Defender of the Faith To all to Whom these presents shall come Greeting : Whereas we taking into our Royal consideration that the Princes and Princesses of Our Royal Family descended from and in lineal succession to the Crown as now established by law all bear the style and title of Highness but that it has not been declared or defined by due authority what members of the Royal Family (other than the Children of the Sovereign) are entitled to the style of “Royal Highness”. We deem it therefore expedient that the same should be henceforth established defined and limited in manner hereinafter declared: Know Ye therefore that in the exercise of Our Royal and undoubted Prerogative and of Our Especial grace We do hereby declare our Royal Will and Pleasure that besides the Children of the Sovereign of these Realms the Children of the Sons of any Sovereign of Great Britain and Ireland shall have and at all times hold and enjoy the style title or attribute of “Royal Highness” with their titular dignity of Prince or Princess prefixed to their respective Christian names or with their other titles of Honor: Our Will and Pleasure further is that Our Earl Marshal of England or his Deputy for the time being do cause these our Letters Patent or the Enrolment thereof to be recorded in the College of Arms to the end that our Officers of Arms and all others may take due notice thereof. In Witness whereof We have caused these Our Letters to be made Patent. Witness Ourself at Westminster the thirtieth day of January in the twenty seventh year of Our Reign.
By Warrant under the Queen's Sign Manual.
C. Romilly
(Original letters patent, National Archives, HO 125/1)
Whitehall, Feb. 3.
The Queen has been pleased by letters patent under the Great Seal, to declare her Royal will and pleasure that, besides the children of the Sovereigns of these realms, the children of the sons of any Sovereign of Great Britain and Ireland shall have, and at all times hold and enjoy, the style, title or attribute of Royal Highnes with their titular dignity of Prince or Princess prefixed to their respective christian names, or with their other titles of honour; and further to declare her will and pleasure that the Earl Marshal of England, or his Deputy for the time being, do cause the said letters patent to be recorded in Her Majesty's College of Arms to the end that the officers of arms, and all others, may take due notice thereof.
(London Gazette Feb. 5, 1864; quoted in the Times Feb 6, 1864 p. 7D)
Children of the eldest son of any Prince of Wales (May 28, 1898)
Victoria by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Queen Defender of the Faith To all to whom these presents shall come, Greeting: Whereas by virtue of Our Letters Patent dated the thirtieth of January one thousand eight hundred and sixty four wherein We declared Our Royal will and pleasure in that behalf the children of the sons of any Sovereign of Great Britain and Ireland are entitled to the style of "Royal Highness" Know Ye that in the exercise of our Royal and undoubted prerogative and of Our especial grace We do hereby declare our further Royal will and pleasure that the children of the eldest son of any Prince of Wales shall have and at all times hold and enjoy the style title or attribute of "Royal Highness" in addition to such titular dignity of Prince or Princess prefixed to their Christian names or other titles of honour if any as they may otherwise possess Our will and pleasure further is that Our Earl Marshal of England or his deputy for the time being do cause these our Letters Patent or the enrolment thereof to be recorded in Our College of Arms to the end that Our officers of Arms and all others may take due notice thereof. In Witness whereof we have caused these Our Letters to be made Patent.. Witness Ourself etc.
(from a copy in the National Archives, LCO 2/2028)
Crown Office, May 31, 1898
The Queen has been pleased by letters patent under the Great Seal, to declare that the children of the eldest son of any Prince of Wales shall have, and at all times hold and enjoy, the style, title, and attribute of "Royal Highness".
(Times, June 1 1898, p. 3F, quoting the Gazette. The letters are dated May 28, 1898.)
An earlier draft of the letters patent contained the words, after "otherwise possess" : "and that the title of "Highness" shall be held and enjoyed by the other great grandchildren of the sovereign".
German titles (July 17, 1917)
By the KING. A PROCLAMATION declaring that the Name of Windsor is to be borne by his Royal House and Family and Relinquishing the Use of All German Titles and Dignities.
GEORGE R.I.
WHEREAS We, having taken into consideration the Name and Title of Our Royal House and Family, have determined that henceforth Our House and Family shall be styled and known as the House and Family of Windsor:
And whereas We have further determined for Ourselves and for and on behalf of Our descendants and all other the descendants of Our Grandmother Queen Victoria of blessed and glorious memory to relinquish and discontinue the use of all German Titles and Dignities:
And whereas We have declared these Our determinations in Our Privy Council:
Now, therefore, We, out of Our Royal Will and Authority, do hereby declare and announce that as from the date of this Our Royal Proclamation Our House and Family shall be styled and known as the House and Family of Windsor, and that all the descendants in the male line of Our said Grandmother Queen Victoria who are subjects of these Realms, other than female descendants who may marry or may have married, shall bear the said Name of Windsor:
And do hereby further declare and announce that We for Ourselves and for and on behalf of Our descendants and all other the descendants of Our said Grandmother Queen Victoria who are subjects of these Realms, relinquish and enjoin the discontinuance of the use of the Degrees, Styles, Dignities, Titles and Honours of Dukes and Duchesses of Saxony and Princes and Princesses of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and all other German Degrees, Styles, Dignities. Titles, Honours and Appellations to Us or to them heretofore belonging or appertaining.
Given at Our Court at Buckingham Palace, this Seventeenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand nine hundred and seventeen, and in the Eighth year of Our Reign.
GOD save the KING.
(London Gazette, issue 30186, July 17, 1917, p. 1.)
Members of the Royal Family (Nov 30, 1917)
See a picture of the original letter patents (Credit: The National Archives, ref. HO125/15).
George the Fifth by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas, King, Defender of the Faith To all to whom these presents shall come Greeting: Whereas Her late Majesty Queen Victoria did by Her Letters Patent dated the thirtieth day of January in the twenty seventh year of Her Reign declare her Royal Pleasure as to the style and title of the Princes and Princesses of the Royal Family in the manner in the said Letters Patent particularly mentioned And whereas we deem it expedient that the said Letters Patent should be extended and amended and that the styles and titles to be borne by the Princes and Princesses of the Royal Family should be henceforth established defined and limited in manner hereinafter declared Now Know Ye that We of our especial grace certain knowledge and mere motion do hereby declare our Royal Will and Pleasure that the children of any Sovereign of these Realms and the children of the sons of any such Sovereign and the eldest living son of the eldest son of the Prince of Wales shall have and at all times hold and enjoy the style title or attribute of Royal Highness with their titular dignity of Prince or Princess prefixed to their respective Christian names or with their other titles of honour And We do further declare our Royal Will and Pleasure that save as aforesaid the style title or attribute of Royal Highness Highness or Serene Highness and the titular dignity of Prince or Princess shall not henceforth be assumed or borne by any descendent of any Sovereign of these Realms excepting always any such descendant who at the date of these Letters Patent holds or bears any right to any such style degree attribute or titular dignity in pursuance of any Letters Patent granted by Ourselves or any of Our Royal Predecessors and still remaining unrevoked it being Our Royal Will and Pleasure that the grandchildren of the sons of any such Sovereign in the direct male line (save only the eldest living son of the eldest son of the Prince of Wales) shall have and enjoy in all occasions the style and title enjoyed by the children of Dukes of these Our Realms Our Will and Pleasure further is that Our Earl Marshal of England or his deputy for the time being do cause these our Letters Patent or the enrolment thereof to be recorded in Our College of Arms to the end that Our officers of Arms and all others may take due notice thereof. In Witness whereof We have caused these Our Letters to be made Patent Witness Ourself at Westminster the thirtieth day of November in the eighth year of Our reign.
By Warrant under the King's Sign Manual.
Schuster.
(Original letters patent, National Archives, HO 125/15. See also College of Arms, ms. I78/25.)
Whitehall, 11th December, 1917.
The KING has been pleased by Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date the 30th ultimo, to define the styles and titles to be borne henceforth by members of the Royal Family. It is declared by the Letters Patent that the children of any Sovereign of the United Kingdom and the children of the sons of any such Sovereign and the eldest living son of the eldest son of the Prince of Wales shall have and at all times hold and enjoy the style, title or attribute of Royal Highness with their titular dignity of Prince or Princess prefixed to their respective Christian names or with their other titles of honour; that save as aforesaid the titles of Royal Highness, Highness or Serene Highness, and the titular dignity of Prince and Princess shall cease except those titles already granted and remaining unrevoked; and that the grandchildren of the sons of any such Sovereign in the direct male line (save only the eldest living son of the eldest son of the Prince of Wales) shall have the style and title enjoyed by the children of Dukes.
(London Gazette, issue 30428, Dec. 14, 1917, p. 2.)
House of Windsor ( Apr 9, 1952)
At the Court at Clarence House, the 9th day of April, 1952
Present, The Queen's Most Excellent Majesty in Council
Her Majesty was this day pleased to make the following Declaration:
-"My Lords,
I hereby declare My Will and Pleasure that I and My children shall be styled and known as the House and Family of Windsor, and that My descendants, other than female descendants who marry and their descendants, shall bear the Name of Windsor".
P.J. FERNAU.
(copy, National Archives, HO 290/72)
Clarence House, April 9th. 1952.
The Queen to-day declared in Council Her Will and Pleasure that She and her children shall be styled and known as the House and Family of Windsor, and that Her descendants, shall bear the name of Windsor.
(London Gazette, issue 39513, Apr. 11, 1952, p. 1/2013).
House of Windsor ( Feb 8, 1960)
At the Court at Buckingham Palace, The 8th day of February 1960.
Present, the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty in Council.
Her Majesty was this day pleased to make the following declaration:
"My Lords
Whereas on the 9th day of April 1952, I did declare in Council My Will and Pleasure that I and My children shall be styled and known as the House and Family of Windsor, and that My descendants, other than female descendants who marry and their descendants, shall bear the name of Windsor:
And whereas I have given further consideration to the position of those of My descendants who will enjoy neither the style, title or attribute of Royal Highness, nor the titluar dignity of Prince and for whom therefore a surname will be necessary:
And whereas I have concluded that the Declaration made by Me on the 9th day of April 1952, should be varied in its application to such persons:
Now therefore I declare My Will and Pleasure that, while I and My Children shall continue to be styled and known as the House and Family of Windsor, My descendants other than descendants enjoying the style, title or attribute of Royal Highness and the titular dignity of Prince or Princess and female descendants who marry and their descendants shall bear the name of Mountbatten-Windsor."
(London Gazette, issue 41948, Feb. 8, 1960, p. 1/1003. See also the Times Feb 9, 1960 p. 10E.)
Former Wives ( 1996)
Elizabeth the Second by the grace of God and of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of our other realms and territories Queen Head of the Commonwealth Defender of the Faith to all to whom these presents shall come greeting. Whereas her late Majesty Queen Victoria by her Letters Patent dated the 30th day of January in the 27th year of her reign did in exercise of her royal prerogative establish define and limit entitlement to the style “Royal Highness” and did declare her royal will and pleasure that certain members of the royal family namely the children of a sovereign of these realms and the children of the sons of a sovereign should have the style title or attribute of royal highness: and whereas her late majesty queen Victoria by her letters patent dated the 27th day of May in the 61th year of her reign did extend and amend the said letters patent by declaring that as well as hereinbefore mentioned the children of the eldest son of the prince of Wales should have the style title or attribute of royal Highness and Whereas His late Majesty King George V by his letters patent dated the 30th day of Nov in the 8th year of his reign did amend the said letters patent by declaring that of the children of the eldest son o the Prince of Wales only he eldest living son of the eldest son of the Prince of Wales should have the style title of attribute of Royal Highness: And Whereas His late Majesty King George VI by his Letters Patent dated the 27th day of May in the 1st year of his Reign did declare that despite his exclusion from the succession the Duke of Windsor should continue to hold and enjoy the style title or attribute of Royal Highness but that his wife and children if any and the children of his sons should not be so entitled: And Whereas by convention the wife of the son of a sovereign of these Realms the wife of a son of a son of a Sovereign and the wife of the eldest living son of the eldest son of the Prince of Wales is entitled to the style title or attribute of Royal Highness: and Whereas We deem it expedient to declare and define by due Authority the entitlement of a former wife (other than a widow until she shall remarry) of a son of a sovereign of these Realms of a son of a son of a Sovereign and of the eldest living son of the eldest son of the Prince of Wales to the style title or attribute of Royal Highness: Now Know Ye that We of our especial Grace certain knowledge and mere motion do hereby declare our royal will and pleasure that a former wife (other than a widow until she shall remarry) of a son of a Sovereign of the Realms of a son of a son of a Sovereign and of the eldest living son of the eldest son of the Prince of Wales shall not be entitled to hold and enjoy the style title or attribute of Royal Highness in Witness whereof we have caused these our Letters to be made Patent witness Ourself at Westminster the 21st day of August in the 45th year of our reign.
By warrant under the Queen’s sign manual.
Legg
(As recorded in the College of Arms, mss I series, vol. 85, p. 61; reproduced with kind permission of the College of Arms).
Buckingham Palace
The Queen has been pleased by Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the Realm dated 21st August 1996, to declare that a former wife (other than a widow until she shall remarry) of a son of a Sovereign of these Realms, of a son of a son of a Sovereign and of the eldest living son of the eldest son of The Prince of Wales shall not be entitled to hold and enjoy the style, title or attribute of Royal Highness.
(London Gazette, issue 54510, Aug 30, 1996, p. 1/11603.)
Children of the eldest son of the Prince of Wales (2012)
1B: Individual
Princess Sophia Matilda of Gloucester (July 22, 1816)
In the name and on the behalf of His Majesty.
George PR
George the third etc. To all to whom these Presents shall come Greeting: Our Will and Pleasure is and We do hereby declare and ordain that from and after the date of this Our Warrant, Our Dear Niece The Princess Sophia Matilda daughter of our late Brother, His Royal Higness William Henry Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh Earl of Connaught etc shall be styled, entitled and called, "Her Royal Highness" in addition to and before all other styles, titles, and appellation which to Her now do, or at any time hereafter may belong or appertain, in all Deeds, Records, Instruments or Documents whatsoever, wherein she may at any time hereafter be named or described, and we do hereby authorize and empower Our said Dear Niece, henceforth at all time to assume and have, and to be called and and named by the Style Title and Appellation of "Her Royal Highness" accordingly.
Given at Our Court at Carlton House the 22nd day of July 1816 in the 56th year of our Reign.
By the command etc.
Sidmouth
(National Archives, HO 38/17, p. 380-381)
The Duke of Gloucester (July 22, 1816)
In the name and on the behalf of His Majesty.
George PR
George the third etc. To all to whom these Presents shall come Greeting: Our Will and Pleasure is and We do hereby declare and ordain that from and after the date of this Our Warrant, Our Dear Nephew William Frederick Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh Earl of Connaught, Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter &c. son of our late Brother, His Royal Higness William Henry Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh Earl of Connaught etc shall be styled, entitled and called, "His Royal Highness" in addition to and before all other styles, titles, and appellaton which to Him now do, or at any time hereafter may belong or appertain, in all Deeds, Records, Instruments or Documents whatsoever wherein he may at any time hereafter be named or described, and we do hereby authorize and empower Our said Dear Nephew, henceforth at all time to assume and have, and to be called and and named by the Style Title and Appellation of "His Royal Highness" accordingly.
Given at Our Court at Carlton House the 22nd day of July 1816 in the 56th year of our Reign.
By the command etc.
Sidmouth
(National Archives, HO 38/17, p. 381-382)
Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Apr 6, 1818)
In the name and on the behalf of His Majesty.
George PR
George the third by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, King Defender of the Faith etc. To all to whom these Presents shall come greeting: Our Will and Pleasure is, and we do hereby declare and ordain, that from and after the date of this warrant, Prince Leopold George Frederick of Saxe Cobourg of Saalfeld, late consort our Our Most Dear Grand Daughter the Princess Charlotte Augusta, deceased, shall be styled, entitled and called "His Royal Highness" before his name and such Titles and appellations, which to Him now do, or at any time hereafter may belong or appertain, in all Deeds, Records, Instruments or Documents whatsoever, wherein He may at any time hereafter be named or described. And We do hereby authorize and empower the said Prince Leopold George Frederick henceforth and at all times to assume and use, and to be called and named by the style title and appellation of "His Royal Highness" accordingly.
Given at Our Court at Carlton House the Sixth Day of April 1818 in the Fifty Eigth Year of Our Reign.
By the Command of His Royal Highness the Prince Regent, in the Name and on the behalf of His Majesty. Sidmouth.
(National Archives, HO 37/1.)
Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (1790-1865) had been destined to become the consort of Queen Charlotte, the only child and heir of the Prince of Wales (future George IV). The previous consort had been Prince George of Denmark (1653-1708) who, as younger son of king Frederik III of Denmark, was already entitled to the style of Royal Highness (indeed, he outranked his brother-in-law the prince of Orange). Prince George was created duke of Cumberland on March 20, 1689 in gratitude for his role during the Glorious Revolution; he had also been made a Knight of the Garter in 1684.
Prince Leopold, a Serene Highness as member of the house of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, was married on May 2, 1816 with Princess Charlotte of Wales. She died on Nov. 6, 1817 from the complications of giving birth to a stillborn. Prince Leopold remained in London until 1830 when, after turning down the throne of Greece in February, he accepted the throne of Belgium where he reigned as Leopold I. His sister had married the duke of Kent and hence Queen Victoria was his niece.
Heraldic note: on April 7, 1818 Prince Leopold was granted the following arms: "Royal arms without escocheon of Charlemagne’s crown and without the Hanoverian Royal crown, differenced with a label of five points argent, the centre point charged with a rose gules … quarterly with the arms of his illustrious house, our royal arms in the first and fourth quarter" (HO38 /19 p. 81).
Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha ( Feb 6, 1840)
Victoria R
Victoria etc. To all to whom these Presents shall come Greeting Our Will and Pleasure is and We do hereby declare and ordain that from and after the date of this Warrant Our dearly beloved Cousin Francis Albert Augustus Charles Emmanuel Duke of Saxe Prince of Saxe Coburg anf Gotha, Knight of Our Most Noble Order of the Gater, shall be styled entitled and called "His Royal Highness" before his Name and such Titles and appellations which to him now do or at any time hereafter may belong or apperatin in all deeds records instruments or documents whatsoever wherein he may at any time herefater be named or described And We do hereby authorize and empower Our said dearly beloved Cousin Francis Albert Augustus Charles Emmanuel Duke of Saxe Prince of Saxe Coburg anf Gotha, henceforth at all times to assume and use and to be called and named by the style title and appellation of "His Royal Highness".
Given at Our Court at Saint James's this Sixth day of February 1840 in the Third Year of Our Reign.
By Her Majesty's Command
Normanby
(National Archives, HO 38/39, p. 73-74)
Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha ( June 29, 1857)
Victoria by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Queen Defender of the Faith To all to whom these Presents shall come Greeting :
Whereas We are desirous that Our Most Dearly Beloved Consort His Royal Highness Francis Albert Augustus Charles Emanuel Duke of Saxony, Prince of Saxe Coburg and Gotha, Knight of Our Most Noble Order of the Garter, and Field Marshal in Our Army should have and enjoy a distinctive Title indicating his Rank and Station in this Our United Kingdom by which he may in all places and on all occasions be designated and known
Now therefore in testimony of the great affection which We bear towards Our said Royal Consort and in order to manifest the same to all other persons whomsoever We do by these Presents grant unto the said Francis Albert Augustus Charles Emanuel Duke of Saxony, Prince of Saxe Coburg and Gotha the Title and Dignity of Prince Consort to be held and enjoyed by him during Our joint lives in all places and on all occasions as his proper Title and Dignity And We do further of Our Royal favor and affection grant unto him Our said Royal Consort that by the said title of Prince Consort He shall have and enjoy the Rank Place Pre-eminence and Precedence which we have already conferred upon him In Witness &c Witness &c
Given at Our Court at St. James' the twenty ninth day of June 1857 in the twenty first year of Our Reign
By Her Majesty's Command
G. Grey
(National Archives, photograph of the warrant in LCO 6/3677)
At the Court at Buckingham Palace, the 25th day of June,
Present: The Queen's Most Excellent Majesty in Council,
Whereas there was this day read at the Board the draught of Letters Patent, conferring upon his Royal Highness Prince Albert the title and dignity of Prince Consort, Her Majesty, having taken the same into consideration, was pleased, by and with the advice of her Privy Council, to approve thereof, and to order, as it is hereby ordered, that the Right Hon. Sir George Grey, Bart. one of her Majesty's principal Secretaries of State, do cause a warrant to be prepared for Her Majesty's signature for passing Letters Patent conformable to the said draught under the Great Seal of Great Britain.
(Times, June 27 1857, p. 9F, quoting the Gazette of June 26.)
PRO 30/22/13C, p. 366: letter from Queen Victoria’s private secretary: memorandum on grant of title of Prince Consort to Albert. June 22, 1857.
Prince Louis of Hesse (July 5, 1862)
Victoria R
Victoria by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Queen Defender of the Faith - To all to whom these Presents shall come, Greeting!
Our Will and Pleasure is, and We do hereby declare and ordain, that from and after the Date of this Warrant, Our Dear Son in Law, His Grand Ducal Highness the Prince Frederic William Louis of Hesse, Knight of Our Most Noble Order of the Garter, shal lbe styled entitled and called "His Royal Highness: before his Name and such Titles and Appellations which to him now do or at any time hereafter may belong or appertain in all Deeds Records Instruments or Documents whatsoever wherein he may at any time hereafter be named or described, - And We do hereby authorize and empower the saif Prince Frederic William Louis of Hesse henceforth at all times to assume and use and to be called and named by the Style, Title and Appellation of "His Royal Highness" accordingly.
Given at Our Court at Saint James's the fifth day of July 1862, In the Twenty sixth Year of Our Reign.
By Her Majesty's Command.
C. Grey
(National Archives, HO 37/2.)
Her Majesty has been pleased to signify her intention of conferring the rank of "His Royal Highness" on Prince Louis of Hesse.
(Times, July 2 1862, p. 9C.)
Prince Ludwig of Hesse (1837-92) was the nephew of grand-duke Ludwig III of Hesse-Darmstadt. He married Princess Alice, Queen Victoria's second daughter, on July 1, 1862. The couple returned to live in Germany, contrary to Victoria's expectation. Ludwig succeeded his uncle as grand-duke Ludwig IV in 1877. Alice died soon after in 1878.
Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein (June 29, 1866)
Victoria R
Victoria by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Queen Defender of the Faith. To All to whom these Presents shall come Greeting! Our Will and Pleasure is, and We do hereby declare and ordain, that from and after the date of this Warrant, Our Dear future Son-in-law, His Serene Highness Prince Frederic Christian Charles Augustus of Sleswig-Holstein Sonderbourg Augustenbourg, shall be styled entitled and called "His Royal Highness", before his name and such Titles and Appellations which to him now do, or at any time hereafter may belong of appertain in all Deeds Records Instruments or Documents whatsoever, whereing he may at any time hereafter be named or described. And We hereby authorize and empower the said Prince Frederic Christian Charles Augustus of Sleswig-Holstein Sonderbourg Augustenbourg, henceforth at all times to assume and use and to be called and named by the Style Title and Appellation of "His Royal Highness" accordingly.
Given at Our Court at Saint James's the Twenty-Ninth Day of June 1866 in the Thirtieth Year of Our Reign.
By Her Majesty's Command.
G Grey.
(National Archives, HO 38/61, p.396-397)
Whitehall, June 30.
The Queen has ordained that his Serene Highness Prince Frederic Christian Charles Augustus, of Schleswig-Holstein Sonderbourg Augustenbourg, shall henceforth, upon all occasions whatsoever, be styled and called "his Royal Highness" before his name, and such titles as now do or hereafter may belong to him; and to command that the said Royal concession and declaration be registered in Her Majesty's College of Arms.
Times, Jul 4, 1866, p. 4F, quoting the London Gazette, July 3.
Children of Prince and Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein (May 15, 1867)
National Archives, HO 125/2
Victoria R
Victoria by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Queen Defender of the Faith - To Our Right Trusty and Well beloved Councillor Edward George Fitzalan Howard (commonly called Lord Edward George Fitzalan Howard) Deputy to Our Right Trusty and Right Entirely Beloved Cousin Henry Duke of Norfolk Earl Marshal and Our Hereditary Marshal of England, Greeting! Whereas by Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom bearing date the thirtieth day of January one thousand eight hundred and sixty four We were pleased to declare Our Royal Will and Pleasure touching the Style and Title of "Royal Highness" and of defining and limiting the same to be used and enjoyed by the Children of the Sons of any Sovereign of Great Britain and Ireland and upon the thirtieth day of June one thousand eight hundred and sixty six in contemplation of the marriage of Our dear Daughter the Princess Helena Augusta Victoria with the Prince Christian of Schleswig Holstein We were pleased to declare that he should henceforth be styled "His Royal Highness". And Whereas he the said Prince having since become a naturalized subject of Our said United Kingdom We are desirous of defining and fixing the Style by which the Issue of the said Marriage shall be designated such Issue being British born Subjects and Descendants of Our Royal House Now We are hereby pleased to declare that the Sons and Daughters born of the said Marriage of the said Prince and Princess shall at all times hold and enjoy the Style Title and Attribute of "Highness" prefixed to their respective Christian names and any Titles of Honor which may belong to them. And Our Will and Pleasure further is that you Our said Deputy Earl Marshal to whom the cognizance of matters of this nature doth properly belong do see this Our Order kept and that the same be duly Registered in Our College of Arms to the end that Our Officers of Arms and all others upon occasion may take full notice and have knowledge thereof. In Witness whereof We have caused the Great Seal to be affixed to these Presents.
Given at Our Court at Saint Jame's the Fifteenth day of May 1867, in the Thirtieth Year of Our Reign.
By the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Signed with Her Own Hand.
See the note on the Schleswig-Holsteins.
Prince Henry of Battenberg ( July 22, 1885)
Victoria Reg.
Victoria by the grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Queen Defender of the Faith. To all to whom these Presents shall come Greeting!
Our will and Pleasure is and We do hereby Declare and Ordain that from and after the date of this Warrant Our dear future son-in-law His Serene Highness Prince Henry Maurice of Battenberg shall be styled entitled and called "His Royal Highness" before his name and such Titles and Appellations which to him now do or at any time hereafter may belong or appertain in all Deeds Records Instruments or Documents whatsoever wherein he may at any time hereafter be named or described.
And We do hereby authorize and empower the said Prince Henry Maurice of Battenberg henceforth at all times to assume and use and to be called and named by the Style and Appellation of "His Royal Highness" accordingly.
Given at Our Court at Saint James's the 22nd day of July 1885 in the 49th year of Our Reign.
By Her Majesty's Command.
Richard Assheton Cross
(National Archives, HO 38/65, p.137-138)
Whitehall, July 22.
The Queen has been pleased to declare and ordain that his Serene Highness Prince Henry Maurice of Battenberg shall henceforth, upon all occasions whatsoever, be styled and called "his Royal Highness" before his name, and such titles as now do or hereafter may belong to him; and to command that the said Royal concession and declaration be registered in Her Majesty's College of Arms.
(Times, Jul 25, 1885, p. 14A, quoting the London Gazette, July 24.)
See the note on the Battenbergs.
Children of Prince and Princess Henry of Battenberg (Dec 4, 1886)
Victoria R
Victoria by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Queen Defender of the Faith - To Our Right Trusty and Right Entirely Beloved Cousin Henry Duke of Norfolk Earl Marshal and Our Hereditary Marshal of England, Greeting! Whereas by Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom bearing date the thirtieth day of January one thousand eight hundred and sixty four We were pleased to declare Our Royal Will and Pleasure touching the Style and Title of "Royal Highness" and of defining and limiting the same to be used and enjoyed by the Children of the Sons of any Sovereign of Great Britain and Ireland and upon the twenty second day of July one thousand eight hundred and eighty five in contemplation of the marriage of Our dear Daughter the Princess Beatrice Mary Victoria Feodore with the Prince Henry Maurice of Battenberg We were pleased to declare that he should henceforth be styled "His Royal Highness". And Whereas he the said Prince having since become a naturalized subject of Our said United Kingdom We are desirous of defining and fixing the Style by which the Issue of the said Marriage shall be designated such Issue being British born Subjects and Descendants of Our Royal House Now We are hereby pleased to declare that the Sons and Daughters born of the said Marriage of the said Prince and Princess shall at all times hold and enjoy the Style Title and Attribute of "Highness" prefixed to their respective Christian names and any Titles of Honor which may belong to them. And Our Will and Pleasure further is that you Our said Deputy Earl Marshal to whom the cognizance of matters of this nature doth properly belong do see this Our Order kept and that the same be duly Registered in Our College of Arms to the end that Our Officers of Arms and all others upon occasion may take full notice and have knowledge thereof. In Witness whereof We have caused the Great Seal to be affixed to these Presents.
Given at Our Court at Saint Jame's the Fourth day of December 1886, in the Fiftieth Year of Our Reign.
By the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Signed with Her Own Hand.
(National Archives, HO 125/3.)
Whitehall, Dec. 13.
The Queen has been pleased, under Her Majesty's Royal Sign Manual and the Great Seal, to declare her Royal will and pleasure that the sons and daughters born of the marriage of his Royal Highness Prince Henry Maurice of Battenberg with Her Royal Highness Princess Beatrice Mary Victoria Feodore shall at all times hold and enjoy the style, title and attribute of "Highness" prefixed to their respective Christian names or any titles of honour which may belong to them; and further to declare Her will and pleasure that the Earl Marshal of England do see this declaration kept, and cause the same to be duly registered in Her Majesty's College of Arms, to the end that the officers of arms, and all others upon occasion, may take full notice and have knowledge thereof.
(Times, Dec 15, 1886, p. 11A; quoting the London Gazette, Dec. 14.)
See the note on the Battenbergs.
Duke of Teck (July 1, 1887)
Victoria R
Victoria by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Queen Defender of the Faith - To all to whom these Presents shall come, Greeting !
Our Will and Pleasure is and we do hereby declare and ordain that from and after the date of this Warrant His Serene Highness Francis Paul Charles Louis Alexander Duke of Teck shall be styled entitled and called "His Highness" before his name and such Titles and Appellations which to him now do or at any time hereafter may belong or appertain, in all Deeds, Records, Instruments or Documents whatsoever wherein he may at any time hereafter be named or described.
And We do hereby authorize and empower the said Francis Paul Charles Louis Alexander Duke of Teck henceforth at all times to assume and use and to be called and named by the Style, Title and Appellation of "His Highness" accordingly.
Given at Our Court of Saint James's, the First day of July 1887; in the Fifty First Year of Our Reign.
By His Majesty's Command.
Henry Matthews
(National Archives, HO 125/4.)
Whitehall, July 11.
The Queen has been pleased to declare and ordain that his Serene Highness Francis Paul Charles Louis Alexander, Duke of Teck, shall henceforth, upon all occasions whatsoever, be styled and called "his Highness" before his name, and such titles as now do or hereafter may belong to him; and to command that the said Royal concession and declaration be registered in Her Majesty's College of Arms.
(Times, July 13, 1887, p. 13A; quoting the London Gazette, July 12. )
See the note on the Tecks.
The Princess Royal and her daughters (Nov 9, 1905)
Edward R I
Edward the Seventh by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas King, Defender of the Faith To Our Right Trusty and Right Entirely Beloved Cousin Henry Duke of Norfolk, Knight of Our Most Noble Order of the Garter, Knight Grand Cross of Our Royal Victorian Order, Earl Marshal and Our Hereditary Marshal of England, Greeting!
Whereas We are desirous of defining and fixing the style by which Our dear Daughter Her Royal Highness the Princess Louise Victoria Alexandra Dagmar (Duchess of Fife) shall be designated We are pleased to declare that she shall hereafter be styled Her Royal Highness the Princess Royal And Whereas by Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the said United Kingdom bearing date the thirtieth day of January one thousand eight hundred and sixty four her late Majesty Queen Victoria were pleased to declare Her Royal Will and Pleasure touching the Style and Title of "Royal Highness" and of defining and limiting the same to be used and enjoyed by the Children of the Sons of any Sovereign of Great Britain and Ireland; And Whereas We are also desirous of defining and fixing the style and title by which the Children of Our said dear Daughter shall be designated : Now We are hereby pleased to declare that the Lady Alexandra Victoria Alberta Edwina Louise Duff and the Lady Maud Alexandra Georgina Bertha Duff daughters of Our said dear Daughter Her Royal Highness The Princess Royal shall at all times hold and enjoy the style title and attribute of Highness prefixed to such respective styles or titles of Honour as may belong to them and further to declare that Our said dear Grand-daughters shall bear the style of Princess prefixed to their respective Christian names and shall take hold and enjoy during the term of their natural lives in all Assemblies or Meetings whatsoever the Precedence and Rank following that is to say immediately after all Members of Our Royal Family enjoying the style of Royal Highness: Our Will and Pleasure further is that you Our said Earl Marshal to whom the cognizance of matters of this nature doth properly belong do see this Our Order kept and that the same be duly Registered in Our College of Arms to the end that Our Officers of Arms and all others upon occasion may take full notice and have knowledge thereof. In Witness whereof We have caused the Great Seal to be affixed to these Presents.
Given at Our Court at Buckingham Palace the Ninth day of November One thousand nine hundred and five, in the Fifth Year of Our Reign.
By the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British dominions beyond the seas. Signed with His Own Hand.
(National Archives, HO 125/5.)
The KING has been graciously pleased to declare that His Majesty's eldest Daughter, Her Royal Highness Princess Louise Victoria Alexandra Dagmar (Duchess of Fife), shall henceforth bear the style and title of Princess Royal.
His Majesty has also directed that the Daughters of Her Royal Highness shall bear the style, title, and attribute of Highness, and also the style of Princess prefixed to their respective Christian names, and that they shall have precedence and rank immediately after all members of the Royal Family enjoying the style of Royal Highness.
(London Gazette, supplement to the Nov 7, 1905, issue 27852, p. 1/7495. )
The Princess Royal was Edward VII's eldest daughter Louise (1867-1931). On July 27, 1889 she married Alexander Duff (1849-1912), earl of Fife (peerage of Ireland, cr 1759, and peerage of the UK, cr 1885). He was created duke of Fife in 1889 with the usual remainder to heirs male. They only had two daughters, Alexandra (1891-1959), who married in 1913 Prince Arthur of Connaught, and Maud (1893-1945), who married in 1923 the earl of Southesk. In 1900, another dukedom of Fife was created with remainder (in default of heirs male) to Alexandra and her heirs male and then Maud and her heirs male. Alexandra's only son Alastair Arthur died before her in 1943, and the dukedom of Fife passed at her death to Maud's only son James Carnegie, the present duke of Fife.
Victoria Eugénie of Battenberg (April 3, 1906)
Edward the Seventh by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas King, Defender of the Faith To all to whom these Presents shall come, Greeting!
Our Will and Pleasure is and we do hereby declare and ordain that from and after the date of this Warrant our most Dear Niece Princess Victoria Eugénie Julia Ena, only daughter of Our most Dear Sister Beatrice Mary Victoria Feodore (Princess Mary of Battenberg) shall be styled entitled and called "Her Royal Highness" before her name and such Titles and Appellations which to her belong in all Deeds Records Instruments or Documents whatsoever wherein she may at any time hereafter be named or described.
And We do hereby authorize and empower Our said most Dear Niece henceforth at all times to assume and use and to be called and named by the Style, Title and Appellation of "His Royal Highness" accordingly.
Given at Our Court of Saint James's, the Third day of April 1906: in the Sixth Year of Our Reign.
By His Majesty's Command.
M Gladstone
(National Archives, HO 125/6)
Whitehall, April 3, 1906.
The King has been graciously pleased to declare and ordain that His Majesty's niece, Her Highness Princess Victoria Eugénie Julia Ena, daughter of Her Royal Highness the Princess Beatrice Mary Victoria Feodore (Princess Henry of Battenberg), shall henceforth be styled and called "her Royal Highness"; and to command that the said Royal concession and declaration be registered in His Majesty's College of Arms.
(Supplement of the London Gazette, Apr 4, 1906, n. 27901, p. 1. Times, Apr 5, 1906, p. 10B. )
Victoria Eugenie married Alfonso XIII, king of Spain, on May 31, 1906 in Madrid.
2nd Duke of Teck (June 9, 1911)
George R I
George the Fifth by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas King, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India, To all to whom these Presents shall come, Greeting!
Our Will and Pleasure is and we do hereby declare and ordain that from and after the date of this Warrant His Serene Highness Prince Adolphus Charles Alexander Albert Edward George Philip Louis Ladislaus, Duke of Teck, Knight Grand Cross of Our Royal Victorian Order, Companion of Our Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George, shall be styled entitled and called "His Highness" before his name and such Titles and Appellations which to him now do or at any time hereafter may belong or appertain, in all Deeds, Records, Instruments or Documents whatsoever, wherein he may at any time hereafter be named or described.
And We do hereby authorize and empower the said Prince Adolphus Charles Alexander Albert Edward George Philip Louis Ladislaus, Duke of Teck, henceforth at all times to assume and use and to be called and named by the Style, Title and Appellation of "His Highness" accordingly.
Given at Our Court of Saint James's, the Nineteenth day of June 1911, in the Second Year of Our Reign.
By His Majesty's Command.
W Churchill
(National Archives, HO 125/7, June 9, 1911.)
Whitehall, July 1.
The King has been pleased, by Warrant under His Majesty's Royal Sign Manual, bearing date the 19th June, to declare and ordain that from and after the date of the said Royal Warrant His Serene Highness Prince Adolphus Charles Alexander Albert Edward George Philip Louis Ladislaus, Duke of Teck, GCVO, GMC, shall upon all occasions whatsoever be styled and called "His Highness" before his name and such titles as now do or hereafter may, belong to him.
(London Gazette, July 4, 1911, issue 28510, p. 6.)
See the note on the Tecks.
Children of the duke and duchess of Brunswick (June 17, 1914)
George RI
George the Fifth by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas King, Defender of the Faith To Our Right Trusty and Right Entirely Beloved Cousin and Counsellor Henry Duke of Norfolk, Knight of Our Most Noble Order of the Garter, Knight Grand Cross of Our Royal Victorian Order, Earl Marshal and Our Hereditary Marshal of England, Greeting !
Whereas on the Eighteenth day of March last past, at the Ducal Palace of Brunswick, a son was born of the marriage of their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Brunswick and Lüneburg:
And Whereas we are desirous of defining and fixing the style and designation which the issue of the said marriage shall enjoy within our dominions:
Now Know Ye that we do hereby declare and ordain that the children born to their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Brunswick and Lüneburg shall at all times hold and enjoy the style and attribute of "Highness" with their titular dignity of Prince or Princess prefixed to their respective Christian names, or with any titles of honour which may belong to them.
And we do hereby further declare and ordain that the designation of the said children shall be "a Prince (or Princess) of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland".
Our Will and Pleasure further is that you Our said Earl Marshal to whom the cognizance of matters of this nature doth properly belong do see this Our Order kept and that the same be duly Registered in Our College of Arms to the end that Our Officers of Arms and all others upon occasion may take full notice and have knowledge thereof.
In Witness whereof We have caused Our Great Seal to be affixed to these Presents.
Given at Our Court at Saint Jame's the Seventeenth day of June, 1914: in the Fifth Year of Our Reign.
By the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas.
Signed with His Own Hand.
(National Archives, HO 125/14.)
Whitehall, July 15, 1914.
The King has been pleased to declare and ordain that the children born to their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Brunswick and Lüneburg shall at all times hold and enjoy the style and attribute of 'Highness' with their titular dignity of Prince or Princess prefixed to their respective Christian names, or with any titles of honour which may belong to them; and that the designation of the said children shall be a Prince (or Princess) of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. And to command that the said Royal concession and declaration be registered in His Majesty's College of Arms."
(London Gazette, issue 28850, 17 July 1914, page 14/5552.)
The London Gazette announces that the King has been pleased to ordain that the children born to their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Brunswick and Lüneburg shall enjoy the style of "Highness" with their titular dignity of Prince or Princess prefixed to their respective Christian names, or with any titles of honour which may belong to them; and that the designation of the said children shall be "a Prince (or Princess) of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland".
(Times, Jul 18, 1914 p. 8E)
The beneficiaries of this grant were the children of Ernst August of Brunswick-Luneburg (1887-1953), duke of Cumberland, and Viktoria Luise of Prussia, who were married in 1913, namely:
Ernst August (1914-87),
Georg Wilhelm (1915-2005),
Friederike Luise (1917-81), who married king Paul of the Hellenes,
Christian (1919-81), and
Welf Heinrich (1923-97).
They were not affected in any way by the Titles Deprivation Act of 1917.
Daughters of Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein ( 1917)
The Court Circular published to-day contains the following announcement:
The King has been pleased to direct that Royal Warrants shall be prepared declaring that Their Highnesses Princess Helena Victoria and Princess Marie Louise of Schleswig-Holstein shall henceforth be styled Their Highnesses Princess Helena Victoria and Princess Marie Louise respectively, and whereas the Princesses of the Royal Family who bear the Title of Duchess of Saxony and who are his Subjects have, at His Majesty's desire, relinquished the said Title, he has also been pleased to direct that Royal Warrants shall be prepared declaring their present styles and making such corresponding alteration in their arms as may be necessary.
(Times, Jun 20, 1917, p. 7C.)
I have not found trace of a warrant for the princesses in the London Gazette or in the Warrant Books at the National Archives; nor are any recorded in the College of Arms, mss series I.
Lady Patricia Ramsay ( 1919)
GEORGE THE FIFTH by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas King Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India, To Our Right Trusty and Well beloved Counsellor Edmund Bernard Talbot (commonly called Lord Edmund Bernard Talbot) Companion of the Distinguished Service Order, Member of Our Royal Victorian Order, Deputy to Our Right Trusty and Right Entirely Beloved Cousin Bernard Marmaduke, Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshal and Our Hereditary Marshal of England, Greeting:
WHEREAS Our Most Dear Cousin Her Royal Highness Victoria Patricia Helena Elizabeth, Princess of Great Britain and Ireland bath by her Petition humbly represented unto us That a marriage has been agreed upon and is shortly to be had and solemnized between the Petitioner and Alexander Robert Maule Ramsay (commonly called the Honourable Alexander Robert Maule Ramsay ) Companion of the Distinguished Service Order, Commander in Our Royal Navy: That the Petitioner is desirous of relinquishing the style of Royal Highness and the title of Princess of Great Britain and Ireland, the Petitioner therefore most humbly prays Our Royal Licence and Autthority that she may immediately on and from the solemnization the said intended marriage relinquish the style of Royal Highness and the title of Princess of Great Britain and Ireland.
Know Ye that We of Our Princely Grace and Special Favour have Liven and granted and do by these Presents give and grant unto the Petitioner, Our said Most Dear Cousin, Our Royal Licence and Authority that she may immediately on and from the solemnization
of the said intended marriage, relinquish the style of Royal Highness and the title of Princess of Great Britain Ireland, Provided that this Our Concession and Declaration be recorded in our College of Arms otherwise this Our Licence and Permission to be void and of none effect:
Our Will and Pleasure therefore is that you Edmund Bernard Talbot (commonly called Lord Edmund Bernard Talbot) deputy to Our said Earl Marshal, to whom the cognizance of matters of this nature doth properly belong do require and command Concession and Declaration be recorded in Our College of Arms to the end that our Officers of Arms and all others upon occasion may take full notice and have knowledge thereof, and for so doing this shall be your Warrant.
Given at Our Court at Saint James s this Twenty-fifth day of February 1919 in the Ninth year of Our Reign. By His Majesty's Command
(Signed) EDWARD SHORTT.
(Signed) GEORGE R.I.
GEORGE THE FIFTH by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas King, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India, To Our Right and Trusty and Well beloved Counsellor Edmund Bernard Talbot (commonly called Lord Edmund Bernard Talbot) Companion of the Distinguished Service Order, Member of Our Royal Victorian Order, Deputy to Our Right Trusty and Right Entirely Beloved Cousin Bernard Marmaduke, Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshal and Our Hereditary Marshal of England, Greeting;
WHEREAS a marriage has been agreed upon and is shortly to be had and solemnized between Our Most Dear Cousin Her Royal Highness Princess Victoria Patricia Helena Elizabeth and Alexander Robert Maule Ramsay (commonly called the Honourable Alexander Robert Maule Ramsay) Companion of the Distinguished Service Order,
pander in Our Royal Navy.
WHEREAS We having taken the wishes of Our said Most Dear Cousin into Our Royal Consideration and in exercise of Our Royal Prerogative We do hereby declare Our Royal Will and Pleasure that Our said Most Dear Cousin shall immediately on and from the solemnization of the said intended marriage have hold and enjoy the style of Lady Victoria Patricia Helena Elizabeth Ramsay and all have place preeminence and precedence immediately before that of Marchionesses of England.
Our Will and Pleasure therefore is that you Edmund Bernard Talbot (commonly called lord Edmund Bernard Talbot) Deputy to Our said Earl Marshal, to whom the cognizance of matters of this nature doth properly belong do see this Our Order observed and kept and that you do cause these Presents to be registered in Our College of Arms. And for so doing this shall be your Warrant.
Given at Our Court at Saint James's this Twenty-fifth day of February 1919 in the Ninth year of Our Reign.
By His Majesty's Command.
(Signed) EDWARD SHORTT.
(National Archives, HPO 38/72, 97F)
Whitehall, February 25, 1919.
The king has been graciously pleased, by Warrant under His Majesty's Sign Manual, to give and grant unto Her Royal Highness Victoria Patricia Helena Elizabeth, Princess of Great Britain and Ireland, His Royal License and Authority that she may immediately on and from the solemnization of her intended marriage with Alexander Robert Maule Ramsay (commonly called the Honourable Alexander Robert Maule Ramsay), Companion of the Distinguished Service Order, Commander in the Royal Navy, relinquish the style of Princess of Great Britain and Ireland.
And to command that the said Royal Concession and Declaration be recorded in His Majesty's College of Arms.
Whitehall, February 25, 1919.
The king has been graciously pleased, by Warrant under His Majesty's Sign Manual, to declare and ordain that Her Royal Higness Princess Victoria Patricia Helena Elizabeth shall immediately on and from the solemnization of her intended marriage with Alexander Robert Maule Ramsay (commonly called the Honourable Alexander Robert Maule Ramsay), Companion of the Distinguished Service Order, Commander in the Royal Navy, have, hold and enjoy the style of Lady Victoria Patricia Helena Elizabeth Ramsay, and shall have place, pre-eminence and precedence immediately before Marchionesses of England.
And to command that the said Royal Concession and Declaration be recorded in His Majesty's College of Arms.
(London Gazette, issue 31203, Feb. 26, 1919, p. 1.)
HRH Princess Victoria Patricia was a daughter of the duke of Connaught. By royal warrant of Mar 21, 1919 she was assigned the royal arms "differenced by a label of 5 points argent 1st and 5th charged with St George cross and each of the other points with a fleur de lis azure" , and a badge consisting of "the letters PR encircled by a coronet composed of crosses and strawberry leaves", that is, the coronet of her former rank (College of Arms, mss series I, vol. 78, p. 91; with kind permission of the College of Arms).
Duke of Windsor (May 27, 1937)
See also documents relating to the drafting of these letters patent.
George the Sixth By the Grace of God of Great Britain and Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas King Defender of the Faith
Children of HRH The Princess Elizabeth and the Duke of Edinburgh (Oct 22, 1948)
GEORGE THE SIXTH by the Grace of God of Great Britain Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas King Defender of the Faith To all to whom these Presents shall come Greeting Whereas His late Majesty King George the Fifth by His Letters Patent dated the thirtieth day of November in the eighth year of His Reign did declare His Royal Pleasure that certain members of the Royal Family therein more particularly mentioned should have the style title or attribute of Royal Highness And Whereas We are desirous of defining and fixing the style and title by which the children of the marriage solemnised between Our Most dearly beloved Daughter Her Royal Highness Princess Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Duchess of Edinburgh and His Royal Highness Prince Philip Duke of Edinburgh shall be designated And Whereas for that purpose We deem it expedient that the aforesaid Letters Patent should be amended and extended la manner hereinafter declared Now Know Ye that in the exercise of Our Royal and undoubted prerogative and of our especial grace we do hereby declare Our Royal Will and Pleasure that the children of the aforesaid marriage shall have and at all times hold and enjoy the style title or attribute of Royal Highness and the titular dignity of Prince or Princess prefixed to their respective Christian names in addition to any other appellations and titles of honour which may belong to them hereafter And We do further declare Our Will and Pleasure that our Earl Marshal of England or his Deputy for the time being do cause these Our Letters or the Enrolment thereof to be recorded in our College of Arms to the end that Our Officers of Arms and all others may take due notice thereof In Witness Whereof We have caused these our Letters to be made Patent Witness Ourself at Westminster the twenty-second day of October in the twelfth year of Our Reign
By Warrant under the King's Sign Manual
NAPIER
(Certified copy of the letters patent, National Archives, LCO 6/3676.)
Whitehall, November 9, 1948.
The KING has been pleased by Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the Realm bearing date the 22nd ultimo to define and fix the style and title by which the children of the marriage solemnized between Her Royal Highness The Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh and His Royal Highness Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, shall be designated. It is declared by the Letters Patent that the children of the aforesaid marriage shall have and at all times hold and enjoy the style title or attribute of Royal Highness and the titular dignity of Prince or Princess prefixed to their respective Christian names in addition to any other appellations and titles of honour which may belong to them hereafter.
(London Gazette, issue 38452, Nov. 9, 1948, p. 1/5889.)
The beneficiaries of this grant were Prince Charles and Princess Ann
Duke of Edinburgh ( 1957)
ELIZABETH THE SECOND By the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Our other Realms and Territories Quen Head of the Commonwealth Defender of the Faith To all to whom these Presents shall come Greeting WHEREAS in testimony of the great love which We bear towards Our most dearly beloved Husband and most faithful Counsellor His Royal Highness Philip Duke of Edinburgh Knight of our Most Noble Order of the Garter Knight of Our Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle Grand Master and First or Principal Knight Grand Cross of Our Host Excellent Order of the British Empire Admiral of Our Fleet And being sensible of the high regard and affection in which he is held by Our loving subjects We are desirous of conferring upon him a style and dignity appropriate to his rank and station NOW KNOW YE that we of Our especial grace certain knowledge and mere notion do by these Presents give and grant unto His Royal Highness Philip Duke of Edinburgh the Style and Titular Dignity of a Prince of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and northern Ireland to have and at all times to hold and enjoy the said style and titular Dignity in addition to any other titles of honour salon to him belong or at any time hereafter may belong Our Will and Pleasure further is that Our Earl Marshal of England or his Deputy for the time being do cause these Our Letters or the enrol meat thereof to be recorded in Our College) of Arms to the end that Our Officers of Arms and all all others may take due notice thereof In Witness whereof We have caused these Our Letters to be made Patent Witness Ourself at Westminster the twenty-second day of February in the sixth year of Our Reign.
BY WARRANT UNDER THE QUEEN'S SIGN MANUAL
COLDSTREAM
(The National Archives, certified copy in LCO 6/3677)
The Queen has been pleased by Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the Realm bearing date 22nd February 1957, to give and grant unto His Royal Highness the Duke of Edinburgh, KG, KT, GBE, the style and titular dignity of a Prince of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
The Queen has been pleased to declare her will and pleasure that his Royal Highness the Duke of Edinburgh shall henceforth be known as His Royal Highness The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.
(London Gazette, issue 41009, 22 Feb 1957, p. 5/1209. Also in the Times, Feb 23, 1957 p. 6G.)
Princess Alice Duchess of Gloucester (1974)
As far as I know, no formal grant of the title of Princess was ever made to the former Lady Alice Montagu-Douglas-Scott, widowed duchess of Gloucester. Her husband died on June 10, 1974, and after his funeral she ceased to be "the duchess of Gloucester". Normally she would have become the dowager duchess of Gloucester. Instead, the Court Circular refers to her as "Princess Alice Duchess of Gloucester" starting on July 13, at the first mention of her after the funeral. There is no grant of the style recorded at the College of Arms; however, a grant of arms of 1981 is recorded as follows:
The armorial bearings of Her Royal Highness Princess Alice Duchess of Gloucester as widow of His Royal Highness the late duke have been approved by Her Majesty the Queen this being intimated to Garter King of Arms in a letter from Buckingham Palace dated 27 Oct 1981, The said armorial bearings are those of His Royal Highness the late duke of Gloucester impaling the paternal arms of Her Royal Highness as previously depicted in the marital arms entered in I80 page 196 save that they are marshaled upon a lozenge ensigned by Her Royal Highness’s coronet and supported by the supporters borne and used by His Royal Highness the Duke of Gloucester in his lifetime.
A. Colin Cole
Garter King of Arms
Let this be recorded
Norfolk EM
(College of Arms, mss series I, vol. 84, p. 148; with kind permission of the College of Arms)
Children of the Earl and Countess of Wessex (1999)
See the note on the children of the Earl of Wessex.
1C: Titles for German relatives in 1917
The Tecks
Whitehall, l4th July, 1917.
The KING has been graciously pleased, by Warrant under His Majesty's Royal Sign Manual, to give and grant unto His Highness Prince Adolphus Charles Alexander Albert Edward George Philip Louis Ladislaus, Duke of Teck, Knight Grand Cross of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath, Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order, Companion of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George, Lieutenant-Colonel in the Army, His Royal Licence and Authority that he may relinquish the use of the style, title and attribute of "Highness," that he and his issue may relinquish the use of the styles, dignities, titles and honours of " Prince " and " Duke of Teck " and all other states, degrees, dignities, titles, honours or appellations in the Kingdom of Wurtemberg or German Empire to him or to them belonging, and the designation "of Teck," that he may take and use the surname Cambridge, and that such surname may be taken and used by his issue: Provided that the said Royal Concession and Declaration be recorded in His Majesty's College of Arms, otherwise the said Royal Licence and Permission to be void and of none effect.
The KING has been graciously pleased, by Warrant under His Majesty's Royal Sign Manual, to give and grant unto His Serene Highness Prince Louis Alexander of Battenberg, Knight Grand Cross of the Civil Division and Knight Commander of the Military Division of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath, Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order, Knight Commander of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George, Knight of Justice of the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem in England, Admiral in the Royal Navy, His Royal Licence and Authority that he and his issue may relinquish the use of the styles, dignities, titles and attributes of "Serene Highness" and of "Prince" and all other states, degrees, dignities, titles, honours or appellations in the Grand Duchy of Hesse or German Empire to him or to them belonging, and the designation "of Battenberg," that he may take and use the surname Mountbatten, and that such surname may be taken and used by his issue: Provided that the said Royal Concession and Declaration be recorded in His Majesty's College of Arms, otherwise the said Royal Licence and Permission to be void and of none effect.
And to command that the said Royal Concession and Declaration be recorded in His Majesty's said College of Arms.
The KING has been graciously pleased, by Warrant under His Majesty's Royal Sign Manual, to give and grant unto His Highness Prince Alexander Albert of Battenberg. Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order, Knight of Justice of the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem in England, Captain in the Army, His Royal Licence and Authority that he may relinquish the use of the style, title and attribute of "Highness," that he and his issue may relinquish the use of the style or title of " Prince" and all other states, degrees, dignities, titles, honours or appellations in the Grand Duchy of Hesse or German Empire to him or to them belonging, and the designation "of Battenberg," that he may take and use the surname Mountbatten, and that such surname may be taken and used by his issue: Provided that the said Royal Concession and Declaration be recorded in His Majesty's College of Arms, otherwise the said Royal Licence and Permission to be void and of none effect.
And to command that the said Royal Concession and Declaration be recorded in His Majesty's said College of Arms.
(London Gazette, issue 30374, Nov 9, 1917, p. 4-6/11592-94. The letters patent bear the date July 18, 1917.)
Whitehall, 14th July, 1917.
(London Gazette, issue 30551, Mar. 1, 1918, p.8/2632. )
GEORGE THE FIFTH, by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas KING, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India, To Our Trusty and Well-beloved Edmund Bernard Talbot Esquire (commonly called Lord Edmund Bernard Talbot), Member of Our Royal Victorian Order and companion of the Distinguished Service Order, Deputy to Our Right Trusty and Right Entirely Beloved Cousin Bernard Marmaduke, Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshal and Our Hereditary Marshal of England, Greeting:
WHEREAS by Warrant under Our Sign Manual bearing date the fourteenth day of July last past We were graciously pleased to give and grant unto Our dear Cousin His Highness Prince Leopold Arthur Louis of Battenberg, Knight Grand cross of Our Royal Victorian Order, Captain in Our Army, our Royal Licence and Authority that he might relinquish the use of the style title and attribute of "Highness" that he and his issue might relinquish the style and title of "Prince" and all other states degrees dignities titles honors or appellations in the Grand Duchy of Hesse or German Empire to him or to them belonging and the designation "of Battenberg", that he might take and use the surname Mountbatten and that such surname might be taken and used by his issue.
KNOW YE THEREFORE that in the exercise of Our Royal Prerogative We do hereby declare Our Royal Will and Pleasure that Our said dear Cousin Sir Leopold Arthur Louis Mountbatten shall upon all occasions have hold and enjoy the same style title place preeminence and precedence as the younger son of a Marquess of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Our Will and Pleasure therefore is that you Edmund Bernard Talbot (commonly called Lord Edmund Bernard Talbot) Deputy to Our said Earl Marshal to whom the cognizance of matter's of this nature doth properly belong do see this Our Order observed and kept, and that you do cause these Presents to be egistered in Our College of Arms, and for so doing this shall be your Warrant.
Given at Our Court at Saint James's this eleventh day of September, 1917 in the eighth year of Our Reign.
(National Archives, HPO 38/71, 635A)
Whitehall, September 11, 1917.
The KING has been graciously pleased by Warrant under His Majesty's Royal Sign Manual to declare and ordain that Sir Leopold Arthur Louis Mountbatten, Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order, Captain in the Army, shall henceforth have, hold and enjoy upon all occasions the same style, title, place, pre-eminence and precedence as the younger son of a Marquess of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. And to command that the said Royal Concession and Declaration be recorded in His Majesty's College of Arms.
The Gleichens
Whitehall, June 12, 1913.
The KING has been graciously pleased by Warrant under His Majesty's Royal Sign Manual, to ordain and declare that Albert Edward Wilfred, Count Gleichen, K.C.V.O., C.B., C.M.G., D.S.O., shall henceforth have, hold and enjoy place, pre-eminence and precedence next to and immediately before Marquesses of England; that Sylvia Gay, wife of the said Albert Edward Wilfred, Count Gleichen, shall henceforth have, hold and enjoy place, pre-eminence and precedence next and immediately before Marchionesses of England; and that Countess Feodora Georgina Maud Gleichen, spinster, Countess Victoria Alice Leopoldina Ada Laura, wife of Percy Wilfred Machell, Esquire, C.M.G., and Countess Helena Emily Gleichen, spinster, sisters of the said Albert Edward Wilfred, Count Gleichen, shall henceforth have, hold and enjoy place, pre-eminence and precedence next to and immediately before the daughters of Dukes of England.
And to command that the said Royal Order and Declaration be recorded in His Majesty's College of Arms.
(London Gazette, issue 28789, Jan. 2, 1914, p.31/37.)
GEORGE THE FIFTH by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas, King, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India: To Our Trusty and Well-Beloved Edmund Bernard Talbot, Esquire, (commonly called Lord Edmund Bernard Talbot) Member of Our Royal Victorian Order, and Companion of the distinguished Service Order, Deputy to Our Right Trusty and Right Entirely Beloved Cousin Bernard Marmaduke, Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshal and Our Hereditary Marshal of England, Greeting: Whereas by Royal Warrant bearing date the eleventh day of June One thousand nine hundred and thirteen. We did declare our Royal Will and Pleasure that Our dear Cousin Albert Edward Wilfred, Count Gleichen, Knight Commander of our Royal Victorian Order, Companion of Our Most Honourable order of the Bath, Companion of Our Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George and a Companion of the Distinguished Service Order, Major General in Our Army, and Sylvia Gay, Countess Gleichen, his wife, so long as she remains his wife or widow should thenceforth respectively have hold and enjoy, place, preeminence and precedence next to and immediately before Marquesses and Marchionesses of England, that our dear Cousins Countess Feodora Georgina Maud Gleichen. Countess Victoria Alice Leopoldina Ada Laura, widow and relict of Percy Wilfred Machell, Esquire, Companion of Our Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George, Companion of the Distinguished Service Order, Lieutenant-Colonel in Our Army, deceased, (therein with Our Royal Approbation styled Lady Valda Machell) and Countess Helena Emly Gleichen, sisters of the said Albert Edward Wilfred, Count Gleichen, should thenceforth have hold and enjoy place, preeminence and precedence next to and immediately before the daughters of Dukes of England: And whereas our said Cousins have petitioned Us that they may relinquish the place preeminence and precedence given to them by Our said Warrant, and that they and their issue may relinquish the use of the titles of Count and of Countess and any other states degrees dignities titles honours or appellations in the German Empire which may to them belong. Know ye therefore that having taken the same into Our Royal consideration and in exercise of Our Royal Prerogative We do hereby declare our Royal Will and Pleasure that Our said dear Cousin Albert Edward Wilfred, Count Gleichen, shall upon all occasions have hold and enjoy the same style, title, place, preeminence and precedence as the younger son of a Marquess of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, that the said Sylvia Gay, Countess Gleichen, so long as she shall remain the wife or widow of the said Albert Edward Wilfred, Count G1eichen, and Our said Dear Cousins Countess Feodora Georgina Maud Gleichen, Countess Victoria Alice Leopoldina Ada Laura (styled Lady Valda Machell) and Countess Helena Emly Gleichen shall upon all occasions have hold and enjoy the same style title place preeminence and precedence as the daughters of a Marquess of the United. Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and that they all and their issue may relinquish the use of the said titles of Count and Countess and all other states degrees dignities titles honours or appellations in the German Empire which may to them belong.
Our Will and Pleasure therefore is that you Edmund Bernard Talbot (commonly called Lord Edmund Bernard Talbot) Deputy to Our said Earl Marshal to whom the cognizance of matters of this nature doth properly belong, do see this our Order observed and kept, and that you do cause these Presents to be registered in Our College of Arms, And for so doing this shall be your Warrant.
Given at Our Court at Saint James's this twelfth day of September, 1917 in the eighth year of Our Reign.
BY HIS MAJESTY'S COMMAND. (Sd.) Geo. Cave.
(National Archives, HPO 38/71, 635B)
Whitehall, September 12, 1917.
The KING has been graciously pleased by Warrant under His Majesty's Royal Sign Manual to give and to grant unto Albert Edward Wilfred, Count Gleichen, Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order, Companion of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath, Companion of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George, and a Companion of the Distinguished Service Order, Major-General in the Army, and to Sylvia Gay, Countess Gleichen, his wife, and to Countess Feodora Georgina Maud Gleichen, to Countess Victoria Alice Leopoldina Ada Laura (styled Lady Valda Machell), widow and relict of Percy Wilfred Machell, Esquire, Companion of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George, Companion of the Distinguished Service Order, Lieutenant-Colonel in the Army, deceased, and to Countess Helena Emly Gleichen, sisters of the said Albert Edward Wilfred, Count Gleichen, His Royal Licence and Authority, that they may relinquish the place, preeminence and precedence given to them respectively by Royal Warrant bearing date the 11th day of June, 1913, and to declare His will and pleasure that the said Albert Edward Wilfred, Count Gleichen, shall upon all occasions have, hold and enjoy the same style, title, place, preeminence and precedence as the younger son of a Marquess of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, that the said Sylvia Gay, Countess Gleichen, so long as she shall remain the wife or widow of the said Albert Edward Wifred, Count Gleichen, and the said Countess Feodora Georgina Maud Gleichen, Countess Victoria Alice Leopoldina Ada Laura (styled Lady Valda Machell), and Countess Helena Emly Gleichen, shall upon all occasions have, hold and enjoy the same style, title, place, preeminence and precedence as the daughters of a Marquess of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and that they all and their issue may relinquish the use of the title of Count and Countess and all other states, degrees, dignities, titles, honours or appellations in the German Empire which may to them belong.
And to command that the said Royal Concession and Declaration be recorded in His Majesty's College of Arms.
(London Gazette, issue 30551, Mar. 1, 1918, p.8/2632. )
2. Evidence of Official Use
2A: Stylings of the Cumberlands in British documents, 1878-1914
Royal consent to the marriage of the Duke of Cumberland (Sep 27, 1878)
Victoria R
Victoria by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Queen Defender of the Faith To All to whom these Presents shall come, sendeth Greeting! Whereas by an Act of Parliament intituled "An Act for the better regulating the future marriages of the Royal Family" it is amongst other things enacted "That no Descendant of the Body of His Majesty King George the Second, Male or Female (other than the issue of Princesses who have married, or may hereafter marry into Foreign Families) shall be capable of contracting Matrimony without the previous consent of His Majesty, His Heirs or Successors, signified under the Great Seal" Now Know Ye that We have consented, and do by these Presents signify Our Consent to the contracting of Matrimony between Our Dear Cousin His Royal Highness The Prince Ernest Augustus WIlliam Adolphus George Frederick Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale, Earl of Armagh, Knight of Our Most Noble Order of the Garter, and Her Royal Highness Thyra Amélie Caroline Charlotte Anne daughter of His Majesty the King of Denmark. In Witness whereof We have caused Our Great Seal to be affixed to these Presents.
Given at Our Court at Saint James's the Twenty Seventh Day of September 1878 in the Forty Second Year of Our Reign.
By the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Signed with Her Own Hand.
(National Archives, HO 124/18.)
Royal warrant assiging arms to the Duke of Cumberland (Feb 19, 1879)
Victoria R
trusty and well beloved we greet you well whereas our dear cousin Ernest Augustus William Adolphus George Frederick duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale the only son of our late cousin King George the 5th of Hanover and grandson of our late uncle Ernest Augustus king of Hanover and duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale has been duly declared a knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter and whereas we have not assigned any arms crest coronet or supporters to be borne by him we do hereby declare and ordain that our said dear Cousin shall for the future use and bear the arms and crest as also the royal supporters respectively differenced with like labels and charges thereon as were assigned to his said father by our late uncle king William the 4th by warrant bearing date the 15th day of Aug 1835 and it not appearing that any coronet hath hitherto been appropriated to princes, cousins of the sovereign we do further ordain that our dear said cousin shall in future use and bear a coronet composed of crosses and flowers or leaves in every respect similar to that which was assigned to his father by the aforesaid warrant of HM King William the 4th as the said arms crest coronet and supporters are in the said painting hereunto annexed more fully set forth and depicted …
(As registered in the College of Arms, mss I series, vol. 66, p. 200; reproduced with kind permission of the College of Arms).
Royal consent to the marriage of Princess Frederica of Hanover (Mar 18, 1880)
Victoria R
Victoria by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Queen Defender of the Faith To All to whom these Presents shall come, sendeth Greeting! Whereas by an Act of Parliament intituled "An Act for the better regulating the future marriages of the Royal Family" it is amongst other things enacted "That no Descendant of the Body of His Majesty King George the Second, Male or Female (other than the issue of Princesses who have married, or may hereafter marry into Foreign Families) shall be capable of contracting Matrimony without the previous consent of His Majesty, His Heirs or Successors, signified under the Great Seal".
Now Know Ye that We have consented, and do by these Presents signify Our Consent to the contracting of Matrimony between Our Dear Cousin Her Royal Highness The Princess Frederica Sophia Maria Henrietta Amelia Theresa of Hanover, Princess of Great Britain and Ireland and Luitbert Alexander GeorgeLionel Alphonse Freiherr von Pawel Rammingen. In Witness whereof We have caused Our Great Seal to be affixed to these Presents.
Given at Our Court at Saint James's the Eighteenth Day of March 1880, In the Forty Third Year of Our Reign.
By the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Signed with Her Own Hand.
(National Archives, HO 124/19.)
(from the Court Circular)
The marriage of her Royal Highness the Princess Frederica Sophia Maria Henrietta Amelia Theresa of Hanover, Princess of Great Britain and Ireland, elder daughter of His Majesty the late king George V. of Hanover, with Luitbert Alexander George Lionel Alphonse, Freiherr von Pawel Rammingen, was solemnized at 3 o'clock on Saturday in the private chapel within Windsor Castle.
(Times, Apr 26, 1880, p. 10A)
The ceremony of the marriage of her Royal Highness the Princess Frederica of Hanover (Princess of Great Britain and Ireland) with the Freiherr von Pawel Rammingen, was celebrated by the bishop of Oxford, inthe private chapel at Windsor Castle, at 3 o'clock this day, in the presence of Her Majesty the Queen.
(Times, May 1, 1880, p. 8E)
Royal consent to the marriage of Princess Marie Louise of Hanover (May 15, 1900)
At the Court at Windsor, the 15th day of May, 1900.
PRESENT, The QUEEN's Most Excellent Majesty in Council.
HER Majesty was this day pleased to declare Her Consent to a Contract of Matrimony between Princess Marie Louise Victoria Carolina Amelia Alexandra Augusta Frederica born Princess of Great Britain and Ireland and Princess of Brunswick daughter of His Royal Highness the Duke of Cumberland and His Grand Ducal Highness Prince Maximilian Alexander Frederic William Nephew of His Royal Highness the Grand Duke of Baden, which Consent Her Majesty has caused to be signified under the Great Seal and to be entered in the books of the Privy Council.
(London Gazette, 27203, 19 June 1900, p. 1)
Royal consent to the marriage of Princess Alexandra of Hanover (Mar 7, 1904)
At the Court at Buckingham Palace, the 7th day of March, 1904.
PRESENT, The KING'S Most Excellent Majesty in Council.
HIS MAJESTY was this day pleased to declare His consent to a contract of matrimony between Her Royal Highness Princess Alexandra Louise Maria Olga Elisabeth Thérèse Wera, born Princess of Great Britain and Ireland, Duchess of Brunswick and Luneburg, daughter of His Royal Highness the Duke of Cumberland, and His Royal Highness Prince Friedrich Franz IV, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, which consent His Majesty has caused to be signified under the Great Seal and to be entered in the Books of the Privy Council.
A. W. FitzRoy.
(London Gazette, 27655, 8 March 1904, p. 3)
Royal consent to the marriage of the Prince Ernest Augustus of Brunswick-Luneburg (Mar 17, 1913)
George R.I.
GEORGE THE FIFTH, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas King, Defender of the Faith, to all to whom these Presents shall come sendeth Greeting!
Whereas by an Act of Parliament intituled "An Act for the better regulating the future marriages of the Royal Family" it is amongst other things enacted "That no Descendant of the Body of His Majesty King George the Second, Male or Female (other than the issue of Princesses who have married, or may hereafter marry into Foreign Families) shall be capable of contracting Matrimony without the previous consent of His Majesty, His Heirs or Successors, signified under the Great Seal":
NOW KNOW YE that We have consented, and do by these Presents signify Our Consent to the contracting of Matrimony between His Royal Highness Prince Ernest Augustus Christian George, born Prince of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick and Luneburg, only surviving son of His Royal Highness The Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale, K.G., and Her Royal Highness Princess Victoria Louise Adelaide Mathilde Charlotte, born Princess of Prussia, only Daughter of His Majesty The German Emperor, King of Prussia, K.G.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF We have caused Our Great Seal to be affixed to these Presents.
Given at Our Court at Buckingham Palace the Seventeenth day of March, 1913, in the Third Year of Our Reign.
BY THE KING OF GREAT BRITAIN, IRELAND, AND THE BRITISH DOMINIONS BEYOND THE SEAS.
SIGNED WITH HIS OWN HAND..
(National Archives, C 188/2.)
At the Court at Buckingham Palace, the 17th day of March, 1913.
PRESENT, The KING'S Most Excellent Majesty in Council.
HIS MAJESTY was this day pleased to declare His Consent to a Contract of Matrimony between His Royal Highness Prince Ernest Augustus Christian George, born Prince of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick and Luneburg, only surviving son of His Royal Highness The Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale, K.G, and Her Royal Highness Princess Victoria Louise Adelaide Mathilde Charlotte, born Princess of Prussia, only daughter of His Majesty The German Emperor, King of Prussia, K.G., which Consent His Majesty has caused to be signified under the Great Seal, and to be entered in the Books of the Privy Council.
Almeric FitzRoy.
(London Gazette, 28700, 17 March 1913, p. 1)
Royal consent to the marriage of Princess Frederica Louisa of Hanover (Aug 1, 1937)
FRIDAY, 31 DECEMBER, 1937
At the Court at Sandringham, the 26th day of December, 1937.
PRESENT,
The KING's Most Excellent Majesty.
His Royal Highness The Duke of Gloucester. His Royal Highness The Duke of Kent. Earl of Athlone.
HIS MAJESTY was this day pleased to declare His Consent to a Contract of Matrimony between Her Royal Highness Princess Frederica Louisa of Brunswick-Luneburg, and His Royal Highness Prince Paul of Greece, which Consent His Majesty has caused to be signified under the Great Seal and to be entered in the Books of the Privy Council.
Eric Mieville.
(Gazette 34468, 31 December 1937, p. 1)
Royal consent to the marriage of Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover (Aug 1, 1951)
George R
GEORGE THE SIXTH, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland, and the British Dominions beyond the Seas King, Defender of the Faith, to all to whom these Presents shall come sendeth Greeting!
Whereas by an Act of Parliament intituled "An Act for the better regulating the future marriages of the Royal Family" it is amongst other things enacted "That no Descendant of the Body of His Majesty King George the Second, Male or Female (other than the issue of Princesses who have married, or may hereafter marry into Foreign Families) shall be capable of contracting Matrimony without the previous consent of His Majesty, His Heirs or Successors, signified under the Great Seal, and declared in Council":
NOW KNOW YE that We have consented, and do by these Presents signify Our Consent to the contracting of Matrimony between His Royal Highness Prince Ernest Augustus George William Christian Louis Francis Joseph Nicholas Oscar of Hanover, born Prince of Great Britain, Duke of Brunswick and Luneburg, son of His Royal Highness Prince Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg, and Her Highness Princess Ortrud Bertha Adelaide Hedwig of Schleswig-Holstein-Glücksburg.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF We have caused Our Great Seal to be affixed to these Presents.
Given at Our Court at Buckingham Palace the 1st day of August, 1951, in the Fifteenth Year of Our Reign.
BY THE KING OF GREAT BRITAIN, IRELAND, AND THE BRITISH DOMINIONS BEYOND THE SEAS.
SIGNED WITH HIS OWN HAND..
(National Archives, HO 124/49.)
This last document is rather odd. Prince Ernst August was born before the letters patent of 1914 which declared that his designation should be "Prince of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland." Thus, if he was a "born Prince of Great Britain", it was not by virtue of the letters patent of 1914. This style is certainly consistent with the custom that prevailed until 1917, but one wonders why the style of Prince to which he was entitled by custom at birth was not revoked by the letters patent of 1917, and why the style that undoubtedly belonged to him (the letters patent of 1914 being unrevoked) was not used instead.
Royal consent to the second marriage of Prince Ernst August Georg of Hanover and to the marriage of Prince Ernst August Albert (1981)
At the Court at Buckingham Palace the 10th day of June 1981
Present, The Queen's Most Excellent Majesty in Council
Her Majesty was this day pleased, in pursuance of the Royal Marriages Act 1772, to declare Her Consent to a Contract of Matrimony between His Royal Highness Prince Ernst August Georg of Brunswick-Luneburg and Her Serene Highness Countess Monika of Solms-Laubach, which Consent Her Majesty has caused to be signified under the Great Seal and to be entered in the Books of the Privy Council.
Her Majesty was also pleased, under the said Act, to declare Her Consent to a Contract of Matrimony between His Royal Highness Prince Ernst August Albert of Hanover and Chantal Hochuli, which Consent also Her Majesty has caused to be signified under the Great Seal and to be entered in the Books of the Privy Council.
(33 SI) N. E. Leigh
June 10, 1981 (Gazette 48638)
Royal consent to the marriage of Prince Ludwig of Hanover (1987)
At the Court at Balmoral the 15th day of September 1987
Present, The Queen's Most Excellent Majesty in Council
Her Majesty was this day pleased, in pursuance of the Royal Marriages Act 1772, to declare Her Consent to a contract of Matrimony between His Royal Highness Prince Ludwig Rudolph Georg Wilhelm Philipp Friedrich Wolrad Maximilian of Hanover and Her Serene Highness Countess Ysabelle Maria Elisabeth Thurn and Valsassina-Como and Vercelli, which Consent Her Majesty has caused to be signified under the Great Seal and to be entered in the Books of the Privy Council.
(8 SI) G. I. de Deney
(Gazette 51069, Sep 23, 1987)
2B: Styles of the Princes of Wales
What follows are the styles of the heirs apparent between 1714 and the present as they appear in the letters patent creating them as Princes of Wales. For most I only have the gazetting of the letters patent, but in two instances (1841 and 1911) I have the full text of the letters patent. However, it seems likely that the styles as they are gazetted are taken directly from the letters patent.
1714
St. James's, September 27 1714 [o.s.]
His Majesty has been pleased by Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain to create His Royal Highness George Augustus (Prince of Great Britain, Electoral Prince of Brunswick-Lunenburgh, Duke of Cornwall and Rothesaye, Duke and Marquis of Cambridge, Earl of Milford Haven, and of Carreck, Viscount North-Allerton, Baron of Tewkesbury and of Renfrew, Lord of the Isles, and Steward of Scotland, and Knight of the most Noble Order of the Garter) Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester.
(London Gazette)
1729
St James's, January 7 1728/9 [o.s.]
His Majesty has been to order Letters Patent to pass under the Great Seal of Great Britain, for creating His Royal Highness Frederick Lewis (the Prince of Great Britain, Electoral Prince of Brunswick-Lunenburgh, Duke of Conrwall and Rothesaye, Duke of Edinburgh, Marquis of the Isle of Ely, Earl of Eltham, Viscount of Lanceston, Baron of Snaudon and of Renfrew, Lord of the Isles and Steward of Scotland, and Knight of the most Noble Order of the Garter) Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester.
(London Gazette, issue 6741)
1751
Whitehall, Apr 20.
[...] His royal Highness George William Frederick (The Prince of Great Britain, Electoral Prince of Brunswick Lunenburgh; Duke of Edenburgh; Marquess of the Isle of Ely; Earl of Eltham; Viscount of Lanceston; Baron of Snaudon; and Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter), Prince of Wales and earl of Chester.
(London Gazette issue 9050, Apr 16 [o.s.], 1751.)
1762
St. James's, August 17.
[...] His Royal Highness the Prince of Great Britain, (Electoral Prince of Brunswick Lunenburgh, Duke of Cornwall and Rothesay, Earl of Carrick, Baron of Renfrew, Lord of the Isles, and Great Steward of Scotland), Prince of Wales, and earl of Chester.
(London Gazette issue 10235, Aug 14 to 17, 1762.)
1841
1901
Whitehall, November 9, 1901
His Majesty has been to order Letters Patent to be passed under the Great Seal of Great Britain, for creating His Royal Highness Prince George Frederick Ernest Albert, Duke of Cornwall and York (Duke of Rothesay, Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and Duke of Saxony, Earl of Carrick and Inverness, Baron of Renfrew and Killarney, Lord of the Isles and Great Steward of Scotland), KG, KT, KP, GCMG, GCVO, Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester.
(Times, Nov 11, 1901, p. 9E, quoting the Gazette).
1911
George the Fifth, by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas, King, Defender of the Faith.
To all Archbishops, Dukes, Marquesses, Earls, Viscounts, Bishops, Barons, Baronets, Knights, Justices, Provosts, Ministers, and all other Our Faithful Subjects, greeting.
Know ye that We have made and created and by these Our Letter Patent do make and create Our Most Dear Son, Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David, Prince of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Cornwall and Rothesay, Earl of Carrick, Baron of Renfrew, Lord of the Isles, and Grand Steward of Scotland, Duke of Saxony and Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester, and to the same, Our Most Dear Son Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David, have given and granted. And by this our present Charter do give, grant, and confirm the name, style, title, dignity and honour of the same Principality and Earldom, and Him Our said Most Dear Son Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David as has been accustomed We do ennoble and invest with the said Principality and Earldom by girding Him with a sword, by putting a coronet on His head, and a gold ring on his finger, and also by delivery a gold rod into his hand, that he may preside there and may direct and defend those parts to hold to him and his heirs Kings of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas for ever.
Wherefore We will and strictly command for Us, our heirs and successors, that Our said most dear son, Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David may have the name, style, title, dignity, and honour of the Principality of Wales and Earldom of Chester aforesaid unto him and his heirs Kings of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas as is above mentioned.
In witness whereof We have caused these Our Letters to be made Patent. Witness Ourself at Westminster the 23rd of June in the first year of Our reign.
(Times, July 5, 1911, p. 8C).
3. Heraldry
3A. General
Warrant of Feb 9, 1661
CHARLES R.
Trusty and Well-beloved, We Greet You well. Whereas the Sons and Descendents of Our Royal Ancestors and Predecessors Kings of England, and other Noble Persons, who, for the Eminence of their Extraction and Merits, are, and have been Dignified with the titles of Dukes, Marquisses, Earls and Viscounts, have borne and used several sorts of Coronets and Circlets, as particular Distinctions of their respective Dignities and Degrees; the which notwithstanding, have not been so established, but that they have in several Ages admitted of Alteration; Wherefore We having observed, that the Coronets used by those of Our Royal Family, have not been enough distinguished from those used by others. We have thereupon found it fit and necessary so to settle and establish the use and bearing of such Coronets as may not only evidencec the just Esteem We have for those
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Daughters of Queen Victoria: A Family at Swords' Points
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"E. F. Benson"
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1938-11-01T05:00:00+00:00
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The Atlantic covers news, politics, culture, technology, health, and more, through its articles, podcasts, videos, and flagship magazine.
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https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/images/favicon-3888b0e329526a975703e3059a02b92d.ico
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The Atlantic
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https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1938/11/daughters-of-queen-victoria-a-family-at-swords-points/654505/
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[FOR seven years E. F. Benson has been devoting his research to the most famous English family of the nineteenth century. In foregoing issues Mr. Benson portrayed the careful upbringing of Queen Victoria’s nine children. The plans of the Prince Consort led to the marriage of Vicky, the eldest daughter, to Crown Prince Frederick of Prussia and of Alice to Prince Louis of Hesse. Victoria herself watched over the betrothal of the Prince of Wales to Princess Alexandra of Denmark and of Helena to Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein. The rising ambitions of Bismarck, however, jeopardized Vicky’s happiness in Berlin and destroyed the Queen’s hopes for further affiliation with the German States. The biography resumes after Bismarck’s dictation of drastic peace terms to Austria. — THE EDITORS]
I
PRINCESS HELENA’S marriage to Prince Christian in 1866 had secured for the Queen the desired son-in-law who would live in England, but the young couple did not make their principal home with her, as she had originally planned, for the rest of her lifetime. She gave Frogmore to them as their residence (it was close to Windsor Castle), and for occupation she made her son-in-law Ranger of Windsor Park. She had still two daughters living with her, — Princess Louise and Princess Beatrice, — and her youngest son, Prince Leopold, whose extreme delicacy precluded any active profession.
Twice a year the Queen made long sojourns at Balmoral; it was there she felt most comfortable, and the remoteness, the brisk air, her drives and picnics and sketchings, and the freedom from any heartless calls that could be made on her by Prime Ministers were beginning to build up again the nervous system which she was almost anxious to prove was hopelessly shattered. She had a great friend there, Dr. Norman Macleod, the Minister of the Kirk at Crathie; she found his sermons full of consolation, and talked to him intimately about herself. Albert, she said, had worn himself out by never allowing himself any relaxation. Relaxation was necessary for her, and Dr. Macleod very tactfully entreated her always to come to Balmoral to get it. Till his death in 1872 she looked on him as a man on whose understanding and sympathy she could always rely.
The Queen derived great comfort from the constant attendance of her manservant, John Brown, with her now not at Balmoral only, but at Windsor also, and the need for a resident son-in-law was less insistent. What she had wanted was some active, reliable man without other duties than to attend to her, and she found him in this devoted attendant without whom she never left the house, and who became a pervasive element in family life, perhaps not always wholly welcome. But he suited her.
Queen Victoria was one of the kindest women in the world to those who looked after her personally. She knew all about their relations and their family history; she did not treat them, when once they had earned her confidence, as servants so much as friends, and she looked upon their performance of their duties as acts of kindness to herself.
It is the very triviality of the innumerable references to Brown in More Leaves from the Journal of a Life in the Highlands which defines the nature of his services to the Queen. He accompanied her everywhere; he walked by her pony when she rode and by her side when she was on foot. One rainy day his kilt got wet and chafed his knees behind; he had to take care of himself, and her doctor ordered him to keep his leg up. She walked with him through her Palace at Holyrood, and he was much interested in Queen Mary’s rooms; afterwards she sat under a hawthorn tree and read the poems of the Ettrick Shepherd from the volume which Brown had given her. On the anniversary of the Prince Consort’s birthday, when she made presents to all her upper servants, she gave Brown his present with the rest of them. ‘The tears,’ she wrote, ‘came into his eyes and he said “It is too much.” God knows it is not for one so devoted and faithful.’
The very fact that Brown was not in the least afraid of the Queen pleased her, for formidable people usually dislike the timidity which they inspire in others. She appreciated in him the independence of the Highland character which the Prince Consort had so much admired, and she allowed him to treat her with a brusqueness which she would not have permitted from anybody else. He told her to put on her cloak or to sit on a rug, or to make up her mind which way she wanted to drive. At Glassault Shiel she asked for a table at which to sketch; one was too low, another too high, and it looked as if she would never make her sketch at all till Brown told her she must manage with one of them, for they could n’t make a new table for her now. He knew he was indispensable and treated her Ministers and her Court with bumpkin familiarity, with doffings and pats on the back if they were respectful to him, and the rudest speeches and contradiction if they failed.
Behind his bad manners the Queen saw and rightly valued Brown’s genuine devotion to herself. Moreover he gave her day by day that sense of security and protection of which she stood so sorely in need, and we may regard him as administering to her, by the mere fact of his constant and reliable presence, some sort of rasping and comforting tonic which without doubt had by degrees the most beneficial effect on the hypochondria which caused her seclusion. He helped to build up the confidence that enabled her to face her duties again.
Presently, however, another physician with a more deliberate purpose and subtler technique was treating her on diametrically opposite lines; and while Dr. Brown of Balmoral was short and sharp with her, Dr. Disraeli of Downing Street plied her with fantastic visions of herself as the Faëry Queen whose presence in the Isle of Wight caused the primroses to burst into blossom. The treatments wore not antagonistic, but each supplemented the other. Her recovery was largely due to them.
II
Ominous clouds soon gathered up again after the war between Germany and Austria. Bismarck, like some baleful invisible witch, was brewing them in his vat of blood and iron, and this time he did not intend that any Paris Exhibition and royal cordialities should disperse them. In 1870 General Prim, who since the deposition of Queen Isabella of Spain had been at the head of the Spanish Government, sent a confidential agent to King William of Prussia with the news that Spain was looking out for a sovereign again and asked him to nominate his kinsman Prince Leopold of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. His election, said General Prim, would be a certainty. Prince Leopold at first refused to accept this offer, but after it had been renewed several times he finally consented, and King William nominated him. France raised the most violent protest, and Prince Leopold withdrew his acceptance.
Throughout these negotiations the Prussian Royal Family had been in complete ignorance of their origin. They had not a notion that Bismarck had been at the bottom of it, with the sole object of rousing France to a pitch of fury which, carefully fanned and fostered, might end in war. War, Bismarck knew, was bound to come before long, and the German military machine was ready now, while France, in spite of the prestige of her armies, was unprepared. The withdrawal of Prince Leopold, therefore, was disappointing, for France had no longer any cause for quarrel.
But France, elated with the withdrawal of the Hohenzollern candidate, which she attributed to the firmness of her government, made the mistake which served Bismarck’s purpose to a nicety. The French Ambassador in Berlin, instead of using the customary diplomatic channels, obtained an interview with the King and demanded his personal assurance that he would never again put forward Prince Leopold as a candidate for the throne of Spain. King William told the Ambassador that this was an outrageous request, and telegraphed an account of the interview to Bismarck. That was the sort of mistake the Chancellor was hoping for. He flooded his press with exaggerations and misrepresentations of what had occurred, in order to rouse the indignation of Germany, and let loose such a tempest of abuse on the Emperor of the French and his government and his insolent diplomatic methods that France, believing her armies to be invincible, promptly declared war. But the most remarkable part of Bismarck’s achievement was that not even at this point had King William or his family the slightest suspicion that it was the Chancellor who had engineered the whole affair from the beginning.
The declaration of war on July 15, 1870 was received by all Germany, excepting Bismarck and those who knew the stupendous efficiency of his war machine, with consternation, and the Crown Princess wrote to her mother in incoherent dismay. She believed that the odds were terribly against Germany and that ruin and perhaps annihilation faced her. National feeling there, she said, was that England ought to have prevented war by a strong warning to France that she would not tolerate such wanton aggression. In England, at the outset, indignation against France ran high, holding her guilty of wantonly breaking the peace of Europe, and the Queen shared these sentiments to the full.
But Count Bernstorff, the German Ambassador in London, informed his Foreign Office that the Prince of Wales, dining at the French Embassy immediately after the declaration of war, expressed to the French Ambassador his hopes for the speedy defeat of Prussia, and that when the Austrian Ambassador, Count Apponyi, hinted at the possibility of Austria’s joining France he had shown high satisfaction. This caused the greatest indignation in official circles in Berlin, and, though the Prince denied that there was any truth in Bernstorff’s report, Berlin continued to believe it and attributed similar sentiments to the Crown Princess. Though no one was more rabidly Prussian than she, she was looked upon with such suspicion that her offers to help in the hospitals at Berlin were refused.
The Crown Princess’s fears as to the annihilation of the German armies soon died a sudden death. Disaster after disaster overtook the French. On September 1 came the battle of Sedan, after which the Emperor Napoleon surrendered, and in October Marshal Bazaine’s army of 170,000 men surrendered at Metz. The Crown Princess’s lamentation tuned up into pæans of triumph accompanied with moral reflection and comments of a very irritating sort.
The siege of Paris began. The Crown Prince was anxious to reduce it without the horror and vandalism of a bombardment; Bismarck, on the other hand, backed up by popular feeling in Germany, wanted to bombard the city at once in order to bring the war to an end as speedily as possible. It was a question which concerned the government and the military authorities, and it would have been wiser for the Crown Princess to be on her guard. Instead she ardently and openly supported her husband’s view, with the unfortunate but natural result that she was believed to be influencing her husband to delay.
The family life of the Crown Princess during the war was full of difficulties, and she poured out these troubles to her mother, with assurances that they arose from no fault of hers. With Fritz away there was not a soul with whom she was in sympathy; the King disliked her, and she often found it impossible to get on with Queen Augusta. It was a very awkward situation, for her mother and Queen Augusta were the most devoted friends.
She acknowledged and appreciated Queen Augusta’s good points; the Queen had always ‘fought her battles and smoothed her path’; and, though her mother-in-law often made her very miserable, she bore her no resentment for that and only remembered her better and kindlier moods, deeply pitying her for her unhappy temperament. It is difficult to see what could have been the object of repeating to her mother the disagreeable observations of Queen Augusta, unless it was to shake her mother’s confidence in her friend and inspire distrust.
The war was over, and the mission with which her father had entrusted her on her marriage was over also; the missioners, for all proselytizing purpose, had been massacred by the chief of the savage tribe which they had hoped to convert. Bismarck had realized the Prince Consort’s vision of a vast united Germany, ruled by Prussia, and far exceeding in power and in territory that ideal State which, in close alliance and amity with England, should bring eternal and industrious peace to Europe. Blood and iron had accomplished it; every step of the way had been won by the forces which Albert abhorred. If the Queen was right in pronouncing that, had the Prince Consort been alive when France declared war on his beloved Fatherland, it would have been impossible to prevent his joining Bismarck’s armies, what manner of letters would he have written to his wife and his daughter from the front?
Then for the Crown Princess there was the daily heartache of looking on the cruel maiming through which her eldest son, Prince William, had come to birth. He was twelve years old now; his left arm was still powerless, and the torturing treatments he had undergone were of no avail. It crippled all his boyish activities; for the withered limb gave him an imperfect balance and he had great difficulty in running or in learning to ride, and his food must be cut up for him. Only by painful effort could he do what came so easily to other boys, and this consciousness of inferiority, so his English tutor feared, was getting more acute as he grew older. But at the moment the mother was very happy about the affectionate relations between her and her son. ‘I am happy to say,’ she wrote, ‘that between him and me there is a bond of love and confidence which I feel sure nothing can destroy.’ She did not think much of his abilities, however, nor of his strength of character, and she superintended his education with constant care. Perhaps Queen Victoria remembered that the excessive vigilation the Prince Consort had imposed upon his eldest son had not produced the effect on his character which was intended, for she warned her daughter that ‘too much constant watching leads to the very dangers hereafter which one wishes to avoid.’ She recommended that William should be brought in contact with other classes and not get to think that because he was a prince he was of different clay from working people and servants and farmers.
The Princess retorted warmly. Her mother must not think William saw only Palace folk. When her children were with her in the country they had ample opportunity to go in and out of cottages, just as they did at Balmoral; but the Prussian peasant, who had lately been the simplest and gentlest of souls, was not at all an amiable person now, but obstinate and boorish. In fact, the discussion about William’s upbringing resolved itself into an irrelevant wrangle about Highlanders and Prussians. The Crown Princess’s habit of mind led her to search for points on which to differ, rather than common ground on which to construct. Herein lay a most disastrous factor in the development of her tragic history: she could not believe that those who did not share her views might have sound reasons for disagreeing with her, and she suspected them of a personal hostility.
III
At Darmstadt Prince Louis had been called up immediately on the outbreak of war. The Crown Princess urged her sister to come with her children to Berlin, where they would be safer than in the West of Germany should the French armies invade the Fatherland, and the King offered her the New Palace to live in. But that was not to be thought of.
Alice was busier than ever, looking after the wives and children of soldiers at the front, seeing that the hospitals were ready to receive the wounded, and sending out women from her Nurses Institute to the field hospitals. She had turned her own house into the headquarters of what we should now call the Red Cross depot. Wounded Germans and French were brought in and the hospitals grew full. ‘I neither smell nor see,’ she wrote, ‘anything but wounds.’ Her neuralgia grew acute, her eyes suffered, and she was expecting another baby before long. The Queen sent out a doctor for her confinement, and early in October her child was born — another boy, Frederick William.
Then back she went to Darmstadt, working in the hospitals and meeting trains full of wounded soldiers at the station. In the town there were many widows and mothers who had lost perhaps an only son. She went to see them all, for sympathy was the only medicine for such grief. Christmas came round; Louis was at Orleans and she decked a minute Christmas tree for him and his staff, and sent a pair of stockings she had knitted for him. She had two wounded officers in her house now, which was a great expense, and this continual assistance to soldiers’ widows brought her near the end of her slender resources.
Paris capitulated, and the trains were no longer full of wounded, but of German soldiers returning from the war, singing and cheering. And at last her Louis came back on leave and for the first time saw his little son. The parents went to Berlin for the entry of the victorious armies with the new German Emperor riding at their head. As she watched the triumphant cavalcade, Alice’s heart ached for the Emperor and Empress to whom France had behaved so shamefully. But they had found a refuge in England and were treated with respect and friendliness.
IV
In England meantime the Queen had been much exercised over the marriage of her fourth daughter, Princess Louise, who had passed her twenty-first birthday in the spring of 1869, and was already older than any of her elder sisters had been when they were wed. It would have been in accordance with precedent to be looking out for some suitable German Prince, but Princess Louise found such a future extremely distasteful. She much preferred to make a British marriage and to settle in her husband’s house in England. The Queen entirely agreed with her. That the daughter of a reigning Sovereign should marry a subject was at that time a very startling proposition; such a thing had not happened in the Royal Family of England since the days of the Plantagenets, and since the accession of the Hanoverian dynasty all had married Germans. The proposed candidate was the Marquis of Lorne, son and heir of the Duke of Argyll.
The Prince of Wales had talked it over with his sister, and disapproved of such a marriage. The Queen was particularly anxious that he should see eye to eye with her, and she wrote him a remarkable letter which shows how entirely (for the present) her sentiments about foreign marriages for her daughters had altered, and the reasons: —
Times have much changed; great foreign alliances are looked on as causes of trouble and anxiety, and are of no good. What could be more painful than the position in which our family were placed during the wars with Denmark, and between Prussia and Austria? Every family feeling was rent asunder, and we were powerless. . . . Nothing is more unpopular here or more uncomfortable for me and everyone than the long residence of our married daughters from abroad in my house, with the quantities of foreigners they bring with them, the foreign view they entertain on all subjects, and in beloved Papa’s lifetime this was totally different, and besides Prussia had not swallowed everything up. You may not be aware, as I am, with what dislike the marriages of Princesses of the Royal Family with small German Princes (German beggars as they most insultingly were called) were looked on. . . .
Now that the Royal Family is so large (you have already five, and what will these be when your brothers marry?) in these days, when you ask Parliament to give money to all the Princesses to be spent abroad, when they could perfectly marry here and the children succeed just as much as if they were the children of a Prince or Princess, we could not maintain this exclusive principle. As to position I see no difficulty whatever; Louise remains what she is, and her husband keeps his rank, like the Mensdorffs and Victor (Hohenlohe), only being treated in the family as a relation when we are together.... It will strengthen the hold of the Royal Family, besides infusing new and healthy blood into it, whereas all the Princes abroad are related to one another.... I feel sure that new blood will strengthen the Throne morally as well as physically.
This letter shows how intolerable to the Queen had become the endless worries to which the marriages of her two elder daughters, though sanctioned and arranged by the Prince Consort, had given rise. In the main she blamed Prussia; the Crown Princess’s marriage, one way and another, had embittered instead of improving international relations. Prussia had become a bullying, domineering power, and the reaction therefrom had seriously disturbed her domestic happiness. That resentment is intelligible, but it is strange to find that the long visits of the Queen’s two daughters from Germany had become so distasteful to her.
But times were changed, and such were her sentiments now. She had made up her mind that Princess Louise should marry the handsome, able, and artistic young son of the Duke of Argyll. All parties directly concerned were agreed, and next autumn Lord Lorne was asked to stay at Balmoral, even as Prince Frederick of Prussia had been bidden there for a similar purpose in 1855. The procedure of the betrothal was on much the same lines. The Queen drove out in one direction with Princess Beatrice to taste a chalybeate spring, while Princess Louise and Lord Lorne, with the Lord Chancellor and Lady Ely, drove to Glassault Shiel. The chaperons then effaced themselves; the young people took a walk and returned to Balmoral with the news for which, as the Queen justly admitted, she was not unprepared.
The Queen never for a moment contemplated that Princess Louise and her husband should make their principal home with her, as had been her intention in the marriage of two of her elder daughters. One of the main general reasons for the marriage was that her new son-inlaw should be an independent British subject, heir to a great estate with solid responsibilities of his own, and not a foreign princeling living in an alien country, where he had no duties except that of being a constant companion of his mother-in-law.
Similar considerations were equally applicable to the bride. Princess Louise herself was far more suited to be the mistress of a great nobleman’s house than the wife of the Queen’s resident son-in-law, where her position would render her completely subordinate to her mother. Her individuality was no less strong than that of the Crown Princess, and she had the same brilliantly faceted vitality, incongruous to the shrouded and subdued atmosphere of the joyless palaces. She was a radiant creature, extremely handsome, genial, and ebullient, with little trace of the Teuton in her nature; and her gay and eager presence, her sense of fun, her manifest power of enjoyment, her freedom from any conventionally royal consciousness, had a social potency which rivaled her mother’s, but with this antipodal difference — that the Queen evoked awe and almost paralytic reverence, whereas her daughter exhaled a psychical ozone. Like her eldest sister, she too inherited from her father an intensely artistic nature, and her work in sculpture was far removed from that of the amateur. It was only fit that she should have a wider scope for her gifts and her self-expression than her cloistered home.
The Queen little guessed how increasingly this precedent for royal marriages with subjects would be followed during the next sixty years. The Princess Royal of the next generation married a compatriot of Lord Lorne’s, and in the generation after that the King’s only daughter married an Englishman and two of his sons ladies of Scottish blood, of whom one is now the Queen of England.
V
The Queen opened Parliament again in the spring of 1871. She had performed that ceremony only once since five years before, when Princess Helena was engaged to Prince Christian and Prince Alfred attained his majority. A similar exigency drove her to do so now, for she intended to ask her Commons to make provision for Princess Louise on her marriage. She knew that these grants for her daughters were unpopular in the country, and Mr. Gladstone was not easy in his mind as to how the House would receive the request. It was ‘ to his agreeable but extreme surprise’ that the vote of the usual dowry of £30,000 and an annuity of £6000 was passed unanimously. When, later in the session, a grant to Prince Arthur on his coming of age was brought before the House, it was passed with the expression of the hope that she would show herself more frequently to her loving subjects.
Gladstone, who feared that this continued retirement would really affect the stability of the throne, deplored the paltry cause of the danger. He believed that the shattered state of her nerves which she so often bewailed was imaginary, and that her doctor, ‘the feebleminded Dr. Jenner,’ was encouraging her to refuse to do anything for which she did not feel inclined; and now he begged her graciously to postpone her departure for Balmoral till the end of a difficult session and hold her Council for the prorogation. She was so indignant at such a suggestion that she disregarded her Prime Minister altogether and wrote to her Lord Chancellor instead. She told him that she was doing as much as she could, and that, as she grew older, she would not, for the sake of her health, be able to make these continued exertions. She was ‘driven and abused’; her private life was being interfered with, and her nerves would break down. She warned him that if this persecution went on she would have to give up the awful weight of sovereignty to another, and then perhaps these discontented people would be sorry that they had wrecked her health.
Victoria had really done a good deal more this year than since the Prince Consort’s death, and this nerve storm subsided. But Gladstone’s fears for the throne were by no means fantastic. He knew how strong was the feeling against the Queen’s seclusion. In addition, her German sympathies in the FrancoGerman War were very unpopular, and the fall of the monarchy in France, with the establishment of the Republic, had been reflected in England by a strong agitation against the throne and the prodigious expense of a sovereign who so rarely appeared, who must be annually transferring to her own pocket immense sums of money which were granted her by the nation for the purpose of upholding the splendors of the Crown, and who was so constantly asking her Parliament for substantial grants for her children.
The heir to the throne caused equal dissatisfaction for exactly opposite reasons. He was seen too much, always surrounded by frivolous folk; he led a fast and far from edifying life, and instead of spending too little he was credited, in spite of his cosy income of £100,000, with being heavily in debt. He had lately appeared, too, in a horrid public scandal.
The agitation against an invisible and expensive sovereign and a son who did nothing but amuse himself was kept simmering in the press, and it fairly boiled over when, early in November, Sir Charles Dilke made a most violent anti-monarchical speech at Newcastle which both infuriated and alarmed the Queen. Then suddenly the whole agitation subsided, for the Prince of Wales was stricken by typhoid fever, and he and the Queen ceased to be a profligate heir and an unfunctioning Sovereign; they were just a son seriously ill and a miserably anxious mother. Human sympathy with them as such wiped from the slate all the indictments against them. The case became critical, and the Queen came to Sandringham, where she had never been before, though the Prince had lived there for eight years.
The present anxiety ominously linked itself up with the past: the nursing, the symptoms, the attacks of difficult breathing, the rambling voice, all reminded her of the Prince Consort’s illness. And now the dreadful anniversary of her husband’s death, December 14, was approaching, and that uneasy belief in fatally ordained coincidences which always lurked in her mind made her feel certain that she would lose her son on the day she had lost her husband ten years ago. These forebodings were so firmly rooted in her mind that when, on that very day, the Prince took a decided turn for the better, she could hardly realize it.
VI
Princess Louis’s sixth child, a daughter, was born in the summer of 1872. She called her Alix (a variant of her own name, since Germans always pronounced ‘Alice’ so infamously). Alix was a ‘nice little thing,’ like her sister Ella, but with darker eyes; her features promised to be good, but it looked as if her nose would be too long. That defect remedied itself, and Alix and Ella grew up to be two of the most superbly beautiful women in Europe. Alix was always laughing; her mother nicknamed her ‘Sunny,’ and it is good to know that as a child she was happy. Destiny wove for her imperial splendors, and for them both a doom of Æschylean tragedy.
Princess Louis was soon busy again with fresh activities, and again she had to be a little careful as to how she wrote of them to the Queen. A conference on women’s work and their possible careers beyond marriage and childbearing and housekeeping was assembling at Darmstadt. Germany, Holland, and Switzerland were sending delegates from sympathetic associations, and from England came such distinguished propagandists as Miss Carpenter and Miss Octavia Hill. But the Queen viewed with the deepest distrust movements that threatened any sort of emancipation for her sex, and the idea of women ever being put on the electoral roll was to her an outrage on decency. Princess Louis therefore assured her mother that she had taken the utmost pains to rule out all discussion on such repulsive topics and that the most advanced subjects on the agenda papers of her conference were girls’ schools, the employment of women in postal and telegraph offices, the education of nurserymaids, and of young mothers with regard to the care of their babies.
Her work was extending in other directions; she had long been president of the Darmstadt Nurses Institute, and now she was forming an Association for the care of children boarded out by the State. Children must be made happy: there was nothing that counted for so much in the formation of character.
There was constant anxiety about the health of her second son, Frederick William, known as ‘Frittie,’ who had been born when his father was serving in the Franco-German War. From birth he had been extremely delicate, and now it became evident that he suffered from that obscure and most dangerous condition called hæmophilia. Frittie, now aged two, got a small cut on his ear, and for two days this incessant bleeding continued, till his hair was matted with blood. At last the bleeding was stopped with caustic and tight bandages, but she feared it might break out again. And he was so boisterous when he was well, full of tearing spirits! How was it possible to guard against some trivial injury which would cause further attacks?
Frittie recovered, and the Prince and Princess treated themselves to a tour in Italy. One morning a month after their return, Ernie and Frittie came trotting in to see their mother while she still lay in bed. The windows of her bedroom, reaching nearly down to the floor, were open, and next door was her sitting room, which had a projecting bow window that looked sideways into the bedroom. As the boys played about, Ernie appeared at this bow window, and Frittie, seeing his brother there, scampered across to the open window of the bedroom. He fell out on to the stone terrace twenty feet below and was picked up unconscious. No bones were broken, and at first it was hoped that he was not seriously hurt. All day his mother watched by him, but bleeding on the brain had set in, and that evening, before her husband returned, the child died.
Princess Louis never got over the shock. There were times when she realized that Frittie had been spared the physical perils and suffering that, had he lived, must always have been his; and now she would cherish till her life’s end the image of his flowerlike brightness and his love. But the family circle, which was the world of her heart, had been broken into, and the dread of what the future might hold was ever with her. She clung more closely to those who were left; children grew up so quickly, and she longed that they should take into the world no memory of home that was not charged with happiness. She was resolved from the first not to allow her life to become barren and withdrawn or her grief to render her remiss in answering its calls.
Throughout the year following Frittie’s death her letters to the Queen were no less frequent, but the effervescent quality in them died out. She wrote as if the concerns of the outer world were dream stuff, and her yearning for Frittie, her grief that she loved because it seemed to be part of him, were more real to her than they. Ernie missed his brother terribly; he constantly spoke of him. ‘When I die,’ he said, ‘you must die too, and all the others: why can’t we all die together? I don’t like to die alone, like Frittie.’ How that went home to her! It was as if her heart were crying out through the boy’s lips.
VII
Princess Louis’s seventh and youngest child, a daughter, was born on May 24, 1874, the anniversary of the Queen’s birthday, and just a year after Frittie’s death. She wrote her mother that she was not one of those tiresome women who made themselves a nuisance with their perpetual baby-worship. Certainly her brothers and sisters saw less of their children than she, but they could afford a staff of trustworthy tutors and governesses. Her motherhood had to be, as in private families, of a more real and personal kind, and it entailed a good deal of self-denial in other ways.
Then a fresh phase of life, with new responsibilities and burdens, opened for Princess Louis and her husband. In the spring of 1877 Louis’s father, Prince Charles, died after a short illness, and three months later the Grand Duke of Hesse, and Louis succeeded his uncle.
There was an overwhelming press of public functions and of business. At Darmstadt she and Louis had a tremendous public welcome, and once more she took up her work, with all the duties that her new position entailed. But she was always tired, for she always overtaxed her strength; and she knew her mother would understand the brevity and infrequence of her letters, for after the day’s work was over the fatigue of writing was too much for her.
She came to England once more in the summer of 1878 with her husband and her children, and spent a month at Eastbourne. Then final rest came to that gallant and loving spirit, though preceded by weeks of intolerable grief and anxiety. One morning in November 1878, Victoria, the eldest of her six children, fell ill of diphtheria, and four days afterwards Alix and May were down with it. Next Irene and Ernie caught it, and now there were five children out of six with diphtheria, and May and Irene were desperately ill. The day after, her husband was down with it also, and that night May died. Louis kept asking about the children, and his wife went to tell him.
Ernie’s life still hung by a thread, but he began to mend, and he too asked after his sisters. One morning he sent May a present of a book, and his mother had to smile back at him, for the news could not be broken to him yet. Sometimes the whole of life seemed to be an agonized dream; sometimes she woke to reality, and then the agony was over, for she accepted the will of God and in His will was peace. By that entire and complete resignation she could feel gratitude that the others had been spared.
A month had passed since the first of her children had been taken ill, and now her husband and those who were left were able to go out again, and the Princess was making arrangements for them to get away for a change of air. All one day she had a very bad headache, and next morning diphtheria had developed. Not being allowed to speak, she wrote down little messages and directions for her husband. The case was almost hopeless, for the attack was very virulent, and she had no strength with which to fight it.
Then came a morning when the doctors realized that there could be but one end, and her husband was told. She was quite conscious; she enjoyed a visit from her beloved mother-in-law, and in the afternoon the Queen’s doctor, Sir William Jenner, arrived from England with a letter from her mother, which she read. Her husband came in to wish her goodnight as usual, and when he had left her she said she would go to sleep again. She whispered, ‘May — dear Papa,’ and died in her sleep early next morning, on the anniversary of her father’s death.
(To be concluded)
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The life of Queen Victoria and her family
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Find out more about her fascinating life with Prince Albert and her nine children
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https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/life-queen-victoria-her-family
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Queen Victoria reigned over Britain for 63 years - the longest rule after Elizabeth II. Find out more about her fascinating life with Prince Albert and her children.
Queen Victoria and her family were seen by the public as a harmonious and happy image of domestic life.
How many children did Queen Victoria have?
Queen Victoria (1819 - 1901) and Prince Albert (1819 - 1861) had a total of nine children.
Princess Royal Victoria (21 November 1840 – 5 August 1901)
Victoria and Albert's first child, Victoria was given the title Princess Royal the year after her birth. In 1858, Victoria married Prince Frederick William of Prussia. He later succeeded his father as German Emperor in 1888, but his reign was cut short by cancer of the larynx within ninety-nine days of his coronation. Following her husband's death, Victoria lived as empress dowager before her death from breast cancer in 1901 at the age of 60.
Edward VII (9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910)
Edward was born a year after his sister and lived much of his life as the Prince of Wales. On the death of Queen Victoria on 22 January 1901, Edward became king, marking the beginning of the Edwardian era. He reigned for nine years, overseeing military reforms and was known as "peacemaker" for fostering good relations with foreign powers. He died aged 68 on 6 May 1910 after several heart attacks and was succeeded his son King George V.
Princess Alice (25 April 1843 – 14 December 1878)
Princess Alice was known for her nursing - both with her father, Albert and in military hospitals during the Austro-Prussian War. During this time, she befriended Florence Nightingale and playing an active role in the region's military hospitals. Alice died from diphtheria in 1878 after it spread through the Hessian court just a year after becoming Grand Duchess of Hesse. She was the first of three of Queen Victoria's children to be outlived by their mother.
Prince Alfred (6 August 1844 – 30 July 1900)
Prince Alfred joined the Royal Navy at the young age of 14. He remained in the Navy throughout his life with his final rank of Admiral of the fleet in 1893. He was married to Maria Alexandrovna, the daughter of Emperor Alexander II of Russia.
Princess Helena (25 May 1846 – 9 June 1923)
Princess Helena, Victoria and Albert's third daughter. She was married Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein in 1866 and remained in Britain. Helena was highly engaged in charitable institutions and was a founding member of the British Red Cross.
Princess Louise (18 March 1848 – 3 December 1939)
Princess Louise was the sixth child of Victoria and Albert, and 13 when her father died. She pursued a career as a sculptor and became a strong advocate of higher education and the feminist cause.
Prince Arthur (1 May 1850 – 16 January 1942)
Prince Arthur served in the British Army for 40 years, rising to the rank of Commander-in-Chief of Ireland and Inspector-General of the Forces. He was Victoria's last surviving son remained active in the military into the Second World War.
Prince Leopold (7 April 1853 – 28 March 1884)
Victoria and Albert's youngest son, Prince Leopold, inherited the blood disorder haemophilia from his mother and was reputed to suffer from epilepsy, hindering his chances of joining the military. Instead, Leopold became a patron of arts and acted as his mother's unofficial secretary.
Princess Beatrice (14 April 1857 – 26 October 1944)
As the youngest child, Princess Beatrice spent much of her life by her mother's side. Following the Queen's death in 1901, Beatrice became the editor of her mother's journals. She died in November 1944 and was Victoria's last surviving child.
When did Queen Victoria die?
After a reign which lasted almost 64 years, Queen Victoria died at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight, on 22 January 1901. Her son, Edward VII succeeded her.
What did Queen Victoria die of?
Queen Victoria died from a cerebral haemorrhage on Tuesday 22 January 1901 after feeling weakened over the Christmas period. Historians suggest that the cause of her death is likely related to her carrying the gene for haemophilia, a blood-clotting disease passed down from her parentage. Victoria also passed this genetic disorder onto three of her nine children. Haemophilia is sometimes called "the royal disease" for this reason.
Queen Victoria died at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight. Her body was transported to Portsmouth via the Solent, on the Royal Yacht 'Alberta'. Artist William Wyllie saw the procession from the HMS Majestic.
Discover more in our collections
Where is Queen Victoria buried?
Queen Victoria is buried at Windsor in England within the Frogmore Royal Mausoleum. This tomb was built explicitly for Albert and Victoria as a final resting place, instead of the traditional mausoleums in Westminster Abbey in London or St. George's Chapel in Windsor.
Only Victoria and Albert are interred within the tomb, but the mausoleum contains other memorials, such as their second daughter Princess Alice and Victoria's father Edward, Duke of Kent.
When was Queen Victoria born?
Queen Victoria was born on 24 May in 1819 at Kensington Palace, London. She was christened as Alexandrina Victoria and was formally addressed as Her Royal Highness Princess Victoria of Kent.
Queen Victoria and Albert
On 10 February 1840, Victoria Married her first cousin, Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. The royal couple had first met a few days before Victoria's 17th birthday, four years earlier.
Victoria and Albert are known for their incredibly close relationship, inspiring dozens of books, films and series.
While Victoria is seen as the ruler of Britain, Albert played an essential role in supporting public causes, such as military and educational reform and the abolition of slavery. He is known for the resounding success of the Great Exhibition of 1851, which showed the world Britain's technological achievements. This World's Fair laid the foundations for several public museums, such as the Victoria & Albert Museum and the Natural History Museum.
In 1845, Prince Albert bought Nelson's Trafalgar coat for £150. He gifted it to the Royal Naval Asylum, where the Old Royal Naval College now stands. It has been on display in Greenwich ever since.
Albert died in December 1861 aged 42, when the Queen was the same age. Victoria never recovered from his death. She dressed in black as a sign of mourning for the rest of her life.
How long did Queen Victoria reign?
Queen Victoria reigned for exactly sixty-three years, seven months, and two days (20 June 1837 - 22 January 1901). Her rule is the second longest after Queen Elizabeth II.
Queen Victoria assassination attempts
During Victoria's reign, eight assassination attempts were made on her life. All of them were unsuccessful.
The first attempt took place in 1840 when 18-year-old Edward Oxford fired at the Queen's carriage near Buckingham Palace in London. Oxford was accused of treason for his crime but was ultimately found not guilty for reasons of insanity.
Three attempts were made in 1842, two by the same man - John Francis, an unemployed carpenter. He attempted to shoot the Queen after her Sunday morning service at Chapel Royal in St James's Palace, London. On his second effort, he was promptly arrested and sent to Van Diemen's Land (later known as Tasmania), where he became a successful carpenter, helping to build the Launceston General Hospital on the island.
One year later, Robert Pate, a former officer, used a brass-tipped cane to hit the Queen in the head. Pate's attack was the only attempt that caused Victoria actual harm, and the mark on her forehead supposedly remained for a decade. Pate was immediately arrested and also sentenced to seven years in the Tasmanian penal colony. The reasons for the attack remain unknown.
A memorable final attempt took place in 1882 when a Scottish poet named Roderick Maclean shot at Queen Victoria's train carriage with a pistol as it left the Windsor train station. This was Maclean's eighth attempt at assassinating Victoria. Maclean was tried for high treason and was pronounced "not guilty, but insane." He was confined to an asylum until his death in 1921.
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https://queenvictoriaroses.co.uk/2023/12/05/queen-victorias-journal-the-engagement-of-princess-helena-and-prince-christian-of-schleswig-holstein-5th-december-1865/
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Queen Victoria’s journal: The engagement of Princess Helena and Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, 5th December 1865.
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2023-12-05T00:00:00
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Princess Helena and Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, dated December 1865©️ Royal Collection Trust / HM King Charles III “These days 4 years ago, were all dreadfully anxious ones, & they are ever present to my mind. — Walked & drove will Lenchen, going to the Mausoleum. — Saw Mr Gladstone, who gave me a paper…
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Queen.Victoria.Roses
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https://queenvictoriaroses.co.uk/2023/12/05/queen-victorias-journal-the-engagement-of-princess-helena-and-prince-christian-of-schleswig-holstein-5th-december-1865/
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“These days 4 years ago, were all dreadfully anxious ones, & they are ever present to my mind. — Walked & drove will Lenchen, going to the Mausoleum. — Saw Mr Gladstone, who gave me a paper on the subject of the Duchy of Lancaster, & then Sir G. Grey, who had interviewed Mr C. Fortescue, who is going to Ireland in the place of Sir R. Peel. Also saw Ld Granville & Ld Clarendon, talking to the latter on the subject of the Treaty of Marriage for Lenchen. It is to be with Christian himself, there being such difficulty as to what title to give either his father or brother. In the case of Uncle Leopold, the Treaty was with him. Afterwards held a Council, at which the marriage was announced. — In the afternoon went on my pony, Lenchen & Christian walking. & Augusta S. & the Dean of Windsor dined with us. —“
http://www.queenvictoriasjournals.org/
© Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2012 © Bodleian Libraries © ProQuest
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Princess Helena of the United Kingdom facts for kids
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Learn Princess Helena of the United Kingdom facts for kids
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https://kids.kiddle.co/Princess_Helena_of_the_United_Kingdom
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Princess Helena VA CI GBE RRC (Helena Augusta Victoria; 25 May 1846 – 9 June 1923), later Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, was the third daughter and fifth child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.
Helena was educated by private tutors chosen by her father and his close friend and adviser, Baron Stockmar. Her childhood was spent with her parents, travelling between a variety of royal residences in Britain. The intimate atmosphere of the royal court came to an end on 14 December 1861, when her father died and her mother entered a period of intense mourning. Afterwards, in the early 1860s, Helena began a flirtation with Prince Albert's German librarian, Carl Ruland. Although the nature of the relationship is largely unknown, Helena's romantic letters to Ruland survive. After her mother discovered the flirtations, in 1863, she dismissed Ruland, who returned to his native Germany. Three years later, on 5 July 1866, Helena married the impoverished Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein. The couple remained in Britain, in calling distance of the queen, who liked to have her daughters nearby. Helena, along with her youngest sister, Princess Beatrice, became the queen's unofficial secretary. However, after Queen Victoria's death on 22 January 1901, Helena saw relatively little of her surviving siblings.
Helena was the most active member of the royal family, carrying out an extensive programme of royal engagements. She was also an active patron of charities, and was one of the founding members of the British Red Cross. She was founding president of the Royal School of Needlework, and president of the Workhouse Infirmary Nursing Association and the Royal British Nurses' Association. As president of the latter, she was a strong supporter of nurse registration against the advice of Florence Nightingale. In 1916 she became the first member of her family to celebrate her 50th wedding anniversary, but her husband died a year later. Helena outlived him by six years, dying aged 77 in 1923.
Early life
Helena was born at Buckingham Palace, the official royal residence in London, on 25 May 1846, the day after her mother's 27th birthday. Albert reported to his brother, Ernest II, the Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, that Helena "came into this world quite blue, but she is quite well now". He added that the queen "suffered longer and more than the other times and she will have to remain very quiet to recover." Albert and Victoria chose the names Helena Augusta Victoria. The German nickname for Helena was Helenchen, later shortened to Lenchen, the name by which members of the royal family invariably referred to Helena. As the daughter of the sovereign, Helena was styled Her Royal Highness The Princess Helena from birth. Helena was baptised on 25 July 1846 at the private chapel at Buckingham Palace. Her godparents were the Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (the husband of Queen Victoria’s cousin); the Duchess of Orléans (for whom the queen's mother, the Duchess of Kent, stood proxy); and the Duchess of Cambridge (the queen's aunt).
Helena was a lively and outspoken child, and reacted against brotherly teasing by punching the bully on the nose. Her early talents included drawing. Lady Augusta Stanley, a lady-in-waiting to the queen, commented favourably on the three-year-old Helena's artwork.
Like her sisters, she could play the piano to a high standard at an early age. Other interests included science and technology, shared by her father Prince Albert, and horseback riding and boating, two of her favourite childhood occupations. However, Helena became a middle daughter following the birth of Princess Louise in 1848, and her abilities were overshadowed by her more artistic sisters.
Death of Prince Albert
Helena's father, Prince Albert, died on 14 December 1861. The queen was devastated, and ordered her household, along with her daughters, to move from Windsor to Osborne House, the queen's Isle of Wight residence. Helena's grief was also profound, and she wrote to a friend a month later: "What we have lost nothing can ever replace, and our grief is most, most bitter ... I adored Papa, I loved him more than anything on earth, his word was a most sacred law, and he was my help and adviser ... These hours were the happiest of my life, and now it is all, all over."
The queen relied on her second eldest daughter Princess Alice as an unofficial secretary, but Alice needed an assistant of her own. Though Helena was the next eldest, she was considered unreliable by Victoria because of her inability to go long without bursting into tears. Therefore, Louise was selected to assume the role in her place. Alice was married to Prince Louis of Hesse in 1862, after which Helena assumed the role—described as the "crutch" of her mother's old age by one biographer—at her mother's side. In this role, she carried out minor secretarial tasks, such as writing the queen's letters, helping her with political correspondence, and providing her with company.
Marriage
Engagement and wedding
See also: Wedding dress of Princess Helena
The engagement was declared on 5 December 1865, and despite the Prince of Wales's initial refusal to attend, Princess Alice intervened, and the wedding was a happy occasion. The Queen allowed the ceremony to take place at Windsor Castle, albeit in the Private Chapel rather than the grander St George's Chapel on 5 July 1866. The Queen relieved her black mourning dress with a white mourning cap which draped over her back. The main participants filed into the chapel to the sound of Beethoven's Triumphal March, creating a spectacle only marred by the abrupt disappearance of Prince George, Duke of Cambridge, who had a sudden gout attack. Christian filed into the chapel with his two supporters, Prince Edward of Saxe-Weimar and Prince Frederic of Schleswig-Holstein, and Helena was given away by her mother, who escorted her up the aisle with the Prince of Wales and eight bridesmaids. Christian looked older than he was, and one guest commented that Helena looked as if she was marrying an aged uncle. Indeed, when he was first summoned to Britain, he assumed that the widowed Queen was inspecting him as a new husband for herself rather than as a candidate for one of her daughters. The couple spent the first night of their married life at Osborne House, before honeymooning in Paris, Interlaken and Genoa.
Married life
Helena and Christian were devoted to each other, and led a quiet life in comparison to Helena's sisters. Following their marriage, they took up residence at Cumberland Lodge in Windsor Great Park, the traditional residence of the Ranger of Windsor Great Park, the honorary position bestowed on Christian by the Queen. When staying in London, they lived at the Belgian Suite in Buckingham Palace. The couple had six children: Christian Victor in 1867, Albert in 1869, and Helena Victoria and Marie Louise in 1870 and 1872, respectively. Their last two sons died early; Harald died eight days after his birth in 1876, and an unnamed son was stillborn in 1877. Princess Louise, Helena's sister, commissioned the French sculptor Jules Dalou to sculpt a memorial to Helena's dead infants.
The Christians were granted a parliamentary annuity of £6,000 a year, which the Queen requested in person. In addition, a dowry of £30,000 was settled upon, and the Queen gave the couple £100,000, which yielded an income of about £4,000 a year. As well as that of Ranger of Windsor Park, Christian was given the honorary position of High Steward of Windsor, and was made a member of the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851. However, he was often an absentee figurehead at the meetings, instead passing his time playing with his dog Corrie, feeding his numerous pigeons, and embarking on hunting excursions.
Helena, as promised, lived close to the Queen, and both she and Beatrice performed duties for her. Beatrice, whom Victoria had groomed for the main role at her side, carried out the more important duties, and Helena took on the more minor matters that Beatrice did not have time to do. In later years, Helena was assisted by her unmarried daughter, Helena Victoria, to whom the Queen dictated her journal in the last months of her life.
Helena's health was not robust. However, the Queen did not believe that Helena was really ill, accusing her of hypochondria encouraged by an indulgent husband. Queen Victoria wrote to her daughter the Crown Princess of Prussia, complaining that Helena was inclined to "coddle herself (and Christian too) and to give way in everything that the great object of her doctors and nurse is to rouse her and make her think less of herself and of her confinement". Not all of her health scares were simply the result of hypochondria; in 1869, she had to cancel her trip to Balmoral Castle when she became ill at the railway station. In 1870, she was suffering from severe rheumatism and problems with her joints. In July 1871, she suffered from congestion in her lungs, an illness severe enough to appear in the Court Circular, which announced that her illness caused "much anxiety to members of the royal family". In 1873, she was forced to recuperate in France as a result of illness, and in the 1880s she travelled to Germany to see an oculist.
Activities
Nursing
Helena had a firm interest in nursing, and was the founding chair of the Ladies' Committee of the British Red Cross in 1870, playing an active role in recruiting nurses and organising relief supplies during the Franco-Prussian War. She subsequently became President of the British Nurses' Association (RBNA) upon its foundation in 1887. In 1891, it received the prefix "Royal", and received a royal charter the following year. She was a strong supporter of nurse registration, an issue that was opposed by both Florence Nightingale and leading public figures. In a speech Helena made in 1893, she made clear that the RBNA was working towards "improving the education and status of those devoted and self-sacrificing women whose whole lives have been devoted to tending the sick, the suffering, and the dying". In the same speech, she warned about opposition and misrepresentation they had encountered. Although the RBNA was in favour of registration as a means of enhancing and guaranteeing the professional status of trained nurses, its incorporation with the Privy Council allowed it to maintain a list rather than a formal register of nurses.
Following the death of Queen Victoria in 1901, the new queen, Alexandra, insisted on replacing Helena as President of the Army Nursing Service. This gave rise to a further breach between the royal ladies, with King Edward VII caught in the middle between his sister and his wife. Lady Roberts, a courtier, wrote to a friend: "matters were sometimes very difficult and not always pleasant." However, in accordance with rank, Helena agreed to resign in Alexandra's favour, and she retained presidency of the Army Nursing Reserve. Though thought to be merely an artefact created by society ladies, Helena exercised an efficient and autocratic regime—"if anyone ventures to disagree with Her Royal Highness she has simply said, 'It is my wish, that is sufficient.'"
The RBNA gradually went into decline following the Nurses Registration Act 1919; after six failed attempts between 1904 and 1918, the British parliament passed the bill allowing formal nurse registration. What resulted was the Royal College of Nursing (RCN), and the RBNA lost membership and dominance. Helena supported the proposed amalgamation of the RBNA with the new RCN, but that proved unsuccessful when the RBNA pulled out of the negotiations. However, she remained active in other nursing organisations, and was president of the Isle of Wight, Windsor and Great Western Railway branches of the Order of St. John. In this position, she personally signed and presented many thousands of certificates of proficiency in nursing.
Needlework
Helena was also active in the promotion of needlework, and became the first president of the newly established School of Art Needlework in 1872; in 1876, it acquired the "royal" prefix, becoming the Royal School of Needlework. In Helena's words, the objective of the school was: "first, to revive a beautiful art which had been well-nigh lost; and secondly, through its revival, to provide employment for gentlewomen who were without means of a suitable livelihood." As with her other organisations, she was an active president, and worked to keep the school on an even level with other schools. She personally wrote to Royal Commissioners requesting money; for example, in 1895, she requested and acquired £30,000 for erecting a building for the school in South Kensington. Her royal status helped its promotion, and she held Thursday afternoon tea parties at the school for society ladies, who wanted to be seen in the presence of royal personages such as Princess Helena. When the Christmas Bazaar was held, she acted as chief saleswoman, generating long queues of people anxious to be served personally by her.
Helena was anxious to help children and the unemployed, and began hosting free dinners for their benefit at the Windsor Guildhall. She presided over two of these dinners, in February and March 1886, and over 3,000 meals were served to children and unemployed men during the harsh winter that year. Through her charitable activities, she became popular with the people; a contemporary author, C. W. Cooper, wrote that "the poor of Windsor worshipped her".
Writing
Among Helena's other interests was writing, especially translation. In 1867, when the first biography of her father, the Prince Consort was written, the author, Sir Charles Grey, notes that the Prince's letters were translated (from German to English) by Helena "with surprising fidelity". Other translations followed, and in 1887 she published a translation of The Memoirs of Wilhelmine, Margravine of Bayreuth. It was noted by the Saturday Review that Helena wrote an English version that was thoroughly alive, with a sound dictionary translation and a high accuracy in spirit. Her final translation was undertaken in 1882, on a German booklet called First Aid to the Injured, originally published by Christian's brother-in-law. It was republished several times until 1906.
Bergsträsser affair
A copyright issue arose after the publication of letters written by Helena's sister, Princess Alice. In Germany, an edition of Alice's letters was published in 1883, by a Darmstadt clergyman called Carl Sell, who chose a selection of her letters made available to him by the Queen. When it was done, Helena wrote to Sell and requested permission to publish an English translation of the German text. It was granted, but without the knowledge of the publisher Dr Bergsträsser. In December 1883 Helena wrote to Sir Theodore Martin, a favoured royal biographer, informing him that Bergsträsser was claiming copyright of Alice's letters, and on that basis was demanding a delay in the publication of the English edition. Martin acted as an intermediary between Helena and Bergsträsser, who claimed to have received many offers from English publishers, and that the chosen one would expect a high honorarium.
Bergsträsser was persuaded to drop his demand for a delay in publishing, and modify his copyright claims in return for a lump sum. However, the Queen and Helena refused, claiming that the copyright belonged to the Queen, and that only Sell's original preface was open to negotiation. The royal ladies considered Bergsträsser's claims "unjustified if not impertinent", and would not communicate with him directly. Eventually, Bergsträsser came to Britain in January 1884, willing to accept £100 for the first 3,000 copies and a further £40 for each subsequent thousand copies sold. Martin chose the publisher John Murray, who after further negotiations with Bergsträsser, printed the first copies in mid-1884. It sold out almost immediately; but for the second edition, Murray replaced Sell's biographical sketch of Princess Alice with the 53-page memoir written by Helena. The problem of royalties to Sell was thus avoided, and that Helena gave her name to the memoir to her sister attracted greater interest in the book.
After Queen Victoria
Edwardian period
Helena's favourite son, Prince Christian Victor, died in 1900, followed three months later by her mother Queen Victoria, who died at Osborne House on 22 January 1901. The new King, Edward VII, did not have close ties with his surviving sisters, with the exception of Princess Louise. Helena's nephew, Prince Alexander of Battenberg (later Marquess of Carisbrooke) recorded that Queen Alexandra was jealous of the royal family, and would not invite her sisters-in-law to Sandringham. Moreover, Alexandra never fully reconciled herself to Helena and Christian following their marriage controversy in the 1860s.
Helena saw relatively little of her surviving siblings, and continued her role as a support to the monarchy and a campaigner for the many charities she represented. She and Christian led a quiet life, but did carry out a few royal engagements. On one such occasion, the elderly couple represented the King at the silver wedding anniversary, in 1906, of Kaiser Wilhelm II (Helena's nephew) and his wife Augusta Victoria (Christian's niece). During the Edwardian period, Helena visited the grave of her son, Prince Christian Victor, who died in 1900 following a bout with malaria while serving in the Second Boer War. She was met by South African Prime Minister Louis Botha, but Jan Smuts refused to meet her, partly because he was bitter that South Africa had lost the war and partly because his son had died in a British concentration camp.
In 1902, Prince and Princess Christian moved to Schomberg House, 77–78 Pall Mall, London, half of which is now part of the Oxford and Cambridge Club.
Later years
King Edward died in 1910, and the First World War began four years after his death. Helena devoted her time to nursing, and her daughter, Princess Marie Louise, recorded in her memoirs that requests for news of loved ones reached Helena and her sisters. It was decided that the letters should be forwarded to Crown Princess Margaret of Sweden, Princess Helena's niece, as Sweden was neutral during the war. It was during the war that Helena and Christian celebrated their golden wedding anniversary in 1916, and despite the fact that Britain and Germany were at war, the Kaiser sent a congratulatory telegram to his aunt and uncle through the Crown Princess of Sweden. King George V and Queen Mary were present when the telegram was received, and the King remarked to Helena's daughter, Marie Louise, that her former husband, Prince Aribert of Anhalt, did her a service when he turned her out. When Marie Louise said she would have run away to Britain if she was still married, the King said, "with a twinkle in his eye", that he would have had to intern her.
In 1917, in response to the wave of anti-German feeling that surrounded the war, George V changed the family name from Saxe-Coburg and Gotha to Windsor. He also disposed of his family's German titles and styles, so Helena and her daughters simply became Princess Christian, Princess Helena Victoria and Princess Marie Louise with no territorial designation. Helena's surviving son, Albert, fought on the side of the Prussians, though he made it clear that he would not fight against his mother's country. In the same year, on 28 October, Prince Christian died at Schomberg House. Helena's last years were spent arguing with Commissioners, who tried to turn her out of Schomberg House and Cumberland Lodge because of the expense of running her households. They failed, as clear evidence of her right to live in those residences for life was shown.
Death
Princess Helena died at Schomberg House on 9 June 1923 at the age of 77. Her funeral, described as a "magnificently stage-managed scene" by her biographer Seweryn Chomet, was headed by King George V. The regiment of her favourite son, Prince Christian Victor, lined the steps of St. George's Chapel at Windsor Castle. Although originally interred in the Royal Vault at St George's on 15 June 1923, her body was reburied at the Royal Burial Ground, Frogmore, a few miles from Windsor, after its consecration on 23 October 1928.
Legacy
Helena was devoted to nursing, and took the lead at the charitable organisations she represented. She was also an active campaigner, and wrote letters to newspapers and magazines promoting the interests of nurse registration. Her royal status helped to promote the publicity and society interest that surrounded organisations such as the Royal British Nurses' Association. The RBNA still survives today with Aubrey Rose as president. Emily Williamson founded the Gentlewomen's Employment Association in Manchester; one of the projects which came out of this group was the Princess Christian Training College for Nurses, in Fallowfield, Manchester.
In appearance, Helena was described by John Van der Kiste as plump and dowdy; and in temperament, as placid, and business-like, with an authoritarian spirit. On one occasion, during a National Dock Strike, the Archbishop of Canterbury composed a prayer hoping for its prompt end. Helena arrived at the church, examined her service sheet, and in a voice described by her daughter as "the penetrating royal family whisper, which carried farther than any megaphone", remarked: "That prayer won't settle any strike." Her appearance and personality was criticised in the letters and journals of Queen Victoria, and biographers followed her example.
Music was one of her passions; in her youth she played the piano with Charles Hallé, Jenny Lind and Clara Butt, who were among her personal friends, and she was amongst the first members of the Bach Choir of London, founded by Lind's husband (and Helena's former piano teacher) Otto Goldschmidt. Her determination to carry out a wide range of public duties won her widespread popularity. She twice represented her mother at Drawing Rooms, attendance at which was considered equivalent to being presented to the queen herself.
Helena was closest to her brother, Prince Alfred, who considered her his favourite sister. Though described by contemporaries as fearfully devoted to the Queen Victoria, to the point that she did not have a mind of her own, she actively campaigned for women's rights, a field the queen abhorred. Nevertheless, both she and Beatrice remained closest to the queen, and Helena remained close to her mother's side until the latter's death. Her name was the last to be written in the queen's seventy-year-old journal.
Titles, styles, honours and arms
Titles and styles
25 May 1846 – 5 July 1866: Her Royal Highness The Princess Helena
5 July 1866 – 17 July 1917: Her Royal Highness The Princess Helena, Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
17 July 1917 – 9 June 1923: Her Royal Highness Princess Christian
Honours
British
1 January 1878: Companion of the Crown of India
29 April 1883: Member of the Royal Red Cross
23 March 1896: Lady of Justice of St John
10 February 1904: Royal Family Order of King Edward VII
3 June 1911: Royal Family Order of King George V
3 June 1918: Dame Grand Cross of the British Empire.
Member 1st class of the Royal Order of Victoria and Albert
Foreign
31 March 1863: Dame of the Order of Queen Saint Isabel
Dame of the Order of Louise, 1st Division
1 June 1872: Cross of Merit for Women and Girls
Arms
In 1858, Helena and the three younger of her sisters were granted use of the royal arms, with an inescutcheon of the shield of Saxony, and differenced by a label of three points argent. On Helena's arms, the outer points bore roses gules, and the centre bore a cross gules. In 1917, the inescutcheon was dropped by royal warrant from George V.
Princess Helena's coat of arms (1858–1917)
Issue
Prince and Princess Christian had six children, four of whom lived to adulthood. They had one grandchild, Valerie Marie zu Schleswig-Holstein, who died in 1953 as their final descendant.
Name Birth Death Notes Prince Christian Victor 14 April 1867 29 October 1900 His mother's favourite son; died unmarried and without issue while serving in the Boer War Prince Albert 28 February 1869 27 April 1931 Succeeded as head of the House of Oldenburg in 1921; had one illegitimate daughter, Valerie Marie zu Schleswig-Holstein Princess Helena Victoria 3 May 1870 13 March 1948 Never married. One of her last public appearances was at the wedding of the future Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh Princess Marie Louise 12 August 1872 8 December 1956 Married 1891; Prince Aribert of Anhalt; no issue; marriage was dissolved in 1900 Prince Harald 12 May 1876 20 May 1876 Died an infant at eight days old An unnamed stillborn son 7 May 1877 7 May 1877 Stillborn
See also
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Princess Helena of the United Kingdom
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Helena_of_the_United_Kingdom
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British princess, daughter of Queen Victoria (1846–1923)
For her daughter with the same name, see Princess Helena Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein.
Princess Helena (Helena Augusta Victoria; 25 May 1846 – 9 June 1923), later Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, was the third daughter and fifth child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.
Helena was educated by private tutors chosen by her father and his close friend and adviser, Baron Stockmar. Her childhood was spent with her parents, travelling between a variety of royal residences in Britain. The intimate atmosphere of the royal court came to an end on 14 December 1861, when her father died and her mother entered a period of intense mourning. Afterwards, in the early 1860s, Helena began a flirtation with Prince Albert's German librarian, Carl Ruland. Although the nature of the relationship is largely unknown, Helena's romantic letters to Ruland survive.[1] After her mother discovered the flirtations, in 1863, she dismissed Ruland, who returned to his native Germany. Three years later, on 5 July 1866, Helena married the impoverished Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein. The couple remained in Britain, in calling distance of the queen, who liked to have her daughters nearby. Helena, along with her youngest sister, Princess Beatrice, became the queen's unofficial secretary. However, after Queen Victoria's death on 22 January 1901, Helena saw relatively little of her surviving siblings.
Helena was the most active member of the royal family, carrying out an extensive programme of royal engagements. She was also an active patron of charities, and was one of the founding members of the British Red Cross. She was founding president of the Royal School of Needlework, and president of the Workhouse Infirmary Nursing Association and the Royal British Nurses' Association. As president of the latter, she was a strong supporter of nurse registration against the advice of Florence Nightingale.[2] In 1916 she became the first member of her family to celebrate her 50th wedding anniversary, but her husband died a year later. Helena outlived him by six years, dying aged 77 in 1923.
Early life
[edit]
Helena was born at Buckingham Palace, the official royal residence in London, on 25 May 1846, the day after her mother's 27th birthday.[3] Albert reported to his brother, Ernest II, the Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, that Helena "came into this world quite blue, but she is quite well now".[4] He added that the queen "suffered longer and more than the other times and she will have to remain very quiet to recover."[5] Albert and Victoria chose the names Helena Augusta Victoria. The German nickname for Helena was Helenchen, later shortened to Lenchen, the name by which members of the royal family invariably referred to Helena.[6] As the daughter of the sovereign, Helena was styled Her Royal Highness The Princess Helena from birth. Helena was baptised on 25 July 1846 at the private chapel at Buckingham Palace.[7] Her godparents were the Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (the husband of Queen Victoria's cousin); the Duchess of Orléans (for whom the queen's mother, the Duchess of Kent, stood proxy); and the Duchess of Cambridge (the queen's aunt).[8]
Helena was a lively and outspoken child, and reacted against brotherly teasing by punching the bully on the nose.[9] Her early talents included drawing. Lady Augusta Stanley, a lady-in-waiting to the queen, commented favourably on the three-year-old Helena's artwork.[6]
Like her sisters, she could play the piano to a high standard at an early age. Other interests included science and technology, shared by her father Prince Albert, and horse riding and boating, two of her favourite childhood occupations.[10] However, Helena became a middle daughter following the birth of Princess Louise in 1848, and her abilities were overshadowed by her more artistic sisters.[11]
Death of Prince Albert
[edit]
Helena's father, Prince Albert, died on 14 December 1861. The queen was devastated, and ordered her household, along with her daughters, to move from Windsor to Osborne House, the queen's Isle of Wight residence. Helena's grief was also profound, and she wrote to a friend a month later: "What we have lost nothing can ever replace, and our grief is most, most bitter ... I adored Papa, I loved him more than anything on earth, his word was a most sacred law, and he was my help and adviser ... These hours were the happiest of my life, and now it is all, all over."[12]
The queen relied on her second eldest daughter Princess Alice as an unofficial secretary, but Alice needed an assistant of her own. Though Helena was the next eldest, she was considered unreliable by Victoria because of her inability to go long without bursting into tears.[13] Therefore, Louise was selected to assume the role in her place.[14] Alice was married to Prince Louis of Hesse in 1862, after which Helena assumed the role—described as the "crutch" of her mother's old age by one biographer—at her mother's side.[15] In this role, she carried out minor secretarial tasks, such as writing the queen's letters, helping her with political correspondence, and providing her with company.[16]
Marriage
[edit]
Controversy
[edit]
Princess Helena began an early flirtation with her father's former librarian, Carl Ruland, following his appointment to the Royal Household on the recommendation of Baron Stockmar in 1859. He was trusted enough to teach German to Helena's brother, the young Prince of Wales, and was described by the Queen as "useful and able".[17] When the Queen discovered that Helena had grown romantically attached to a royal servant, he was promptly dismissed back to his native Germany, and he never lost the Queen's hostility.[18]
Following Ruland's departure in 1863, the Queen looked for a husband for Helena. However, as a middle child, the prospect of a powerful alliance with a European royal house was low.[19] Her appearance was also a concern, as by the age of fifteen she was described by her biographer as chunky, dowdy and double-chinned.[20] Furthermore, Victoria insisted that Helena's future husband had to be prepared to live near the Queen, thus keeping her daughter nearby.[21] Her choice eventually fell on Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein; however, the match was politically awkward, and caused a severe breach within the royal family.
Schleswig and Holstein were two territories fought over between Prussia and Denmark during the First and Second Schleswig Wars. In the latter, Prussia and Austria defeated Denmark, but the duchies were claimed by Austria for Prince Christian's family. However, following the Austro-Prussian War, in which Prussia invaded and occupied the duchies, they became Prussian, but the title Duke of Schleswig-Holstein was still claimed by Prince Christian's family.[22]
The marriage, therefore, horrified King Christian IX of Denmark's daughter, Alexandra, Princess of Wales, who exclaimed: "The Duchies belong to Papa."[23] Alexandra found support in her husband, his brother Prince Alfred, and his second sister, Princess Alice, who openly accused her mother of sacrificing Helena's happiness for the Queen's convenience.[24] Alice also argued that it would reduce the already low popularity of her sister, the Crown Princess of Prussia, at the court in Berlin.[25] However, and unexpectedly, the Crown Princess, who had been a personal friend of Christian's family for many years, ardently supported the proposed alliance.[23]
Despite the political controversies and their age difference—he was fifteen years her senior—Helena was happy with Christian and was determined to marry him.[26] As a younger son of a non-reigning duke, the absence of any foreign commitments allowed him to remain permanently in Britain—the Queen's primary concern—and she declared the marriage would go ahead.[27] Helena and Christian were actually third cousins in descent from Frederick, Prince of Wales. Relations between Helena and Alexandra remained strained, and Alexandra was unprepared to accept Christian (who was also a third cousin to Alexandra in descent from King Frederick V of Denmark) as either a cousin or brother-in-law.[28] The Queen never forgave the Princess of Wales for accusations of possessiveness, and wrote of the Waleses shortly afterwards: "Bertie is most affectionate and kind but Alix [pet name for Alexandra] is by no means what she ought to be. It will be long, if ever, before she regains my confidence."[29]
Engagement and wedding
[edit]
The engagement was declared on 5 December 1865, and despite the Prince of Wales's initial refusal to attend, Princess Alice intervened, and the wedding was a happy occasion.[30] The Queen allowed the ceremony to take place at Windsor Castle, albeit in the Private Chapel rather than the grander St George's Chapel on 5 July 1866. The Queen relieved her black mourning dress with a white mourning cap which draped over her back.[31] The main participants filed into the chapel to the sound of Beethoven's Triumphal March, creating a spectacle only marred by the abrupt disappearance of Prince George, Duke of Cambridge, who had a sudden gout attack. Christian filed into the chapel with his two supporters, Prince Edward of Saxe-Weimar and Prince Frederic of Schleswig-Holstein, and Helena was given away by her mother, who escorted her up the aisle with the Prince of Wales and eight bridesmaids.[32] Christian looked older than he was, and one guest commented that Helena looked as if she was marrying an aged uncle. Indeed, when he was first summoned to Britain, he assumed that the widowed Queen was inspecting him as a new husband for herself rather than as a candidate for one of her daughters.[33] The couple spent the first night of their married life at Osborne House, before honeymooning in Paris, Interlaken and Genoa.[34]
Married life
[edit]
Helena and Christian were devoted to each other, and led a quiet life in comparison to Helena's sisters.[35] Following their marriage, they took up residence at Cumberland Lodge in Windsor Great Park, the traditional residence of the Ranger of Windsor Great Park, the honorary position bestowed on Christian by the Queen. When staying in London, they lived at the Belgian Suite in Buckingham Palace.[36] The couple had six children: Christian Victor in 1867, Albert in 1869, and Helena Victoria and Marie Louise in 1870 and 1872, respectively. Their last two sons died early; Harald died eight days after his birth in 1876, and an unnamed son was stillborn in 1877. Princess Louise, Helena's sister, commissioned the French sculptor Jules Dalou to sculpt a memorial to Helena's dead infants.[37]
The Christians were granted a parliamentary annuity of £6,000 a year, which the Queen requested in person.[38] In addition, a dowry of £30,000 was settled upon, and the Queen gave the couple £100,000, which yielded an income of about £4,000 a year.[39] As well as that of Ranger of Windsor Park, Christian was given the honorary position of High Steward of Windsor, and was made a member of the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851. However, he was often an absentee figurehead at the meetings, instead passing his time playing with his dog Corrie, feeding his numerous pigeons, and embarking on hunting excursions.[40]
Helena, as promised, lived close to the Queen, and both she and Beatrice performed duties for her. Beatrice, whom Victoria had groomed for the main role at her side, carried out the more important duties, and Helena took on the more minor matters that Beatrice did not have time to do.[41] In later years, Helena was assisted by her unmarried daughter, Helena Victoria, to whom the Queen dictated her journal in the last months of her life.[42][incomplete short citation]
Helena's health was not robust, and she was addicted to the drugs opium and laudanum.[43] However, the Queen did not believe that Helena was really ill, accusing her of hypochondria encouraged by an indulgent husband.[44] Queen Victoria wrote to her daughter the Crown Princess of Prussia, complaining that Helena was inclined to "coddle herself (and Christian too) and to give way in everything that the great object of her doctors and nurse is to rouse her and make her think less of herself and of her confinement".[45] Not all of her health scares were simply the result of hypochondria; in 1869, she had to cancel her trip to Balmoral Castle when she became ill at the railway station. In 1870, she was suffering from severe rheumatism and problems with her joints. In July 1871, she suffered from congestion in her lungs, an illness severe enough to appear in the Court Circular, which announced that her illness caused "much anxiety to members of the royal family".[46] In 1873, she was forced to recuperate in France as a result of illness, and in the 1880s she travelled to Germany to see an oculist.[47]
Activities
[edit]
Nursing
[edit]
Helena had a firm interest in nursing, and was the founding chair of the Ladies' Committee of the British Red Cross in 1870, playing an active role in recruiting nurses and organising relief supplies during the Franco-Prussian War. She subsequently became President of the British Nurses' Association (RBNA) upon its foundation in 1887. In 1891, it received the prefix "Royal", and received a royal charter the following year.[48] She was a strong supporter of nurse registration, an issue that was opposed by both Florence Nightingale and leading public figures.[48] In a speech Helena made in 1893, she made clear that the RBNA was working towards "improving the education and status of those devoted and self-sacrificing women whose whole lives have been devoted to tending the sick, the suffering, and the dying".[49] In the same speech, she warned about opposition and misrepresentation they had encountered. Although the RBNA was in favour of registration as a means of enhancing and guaranteeing the professional status of trained nurses, its incorporation with the Privy Council allowed it to maintain a list rather than a formal register of nurses.[49]
Following the death of Queen Victoria in 1901, the new queen, Alexandra, insisted on replacing Helena as President of the Army Nursing Service.[50] This gave rise to a further breach between the royal ladies, with King Edward VII caught in the middle between his sister and his wife.[51] Lady Roberts, a courtier, wrote to a friend: "matters were sometimes very difficult and not always pleasant." However, in accordance with rank, Helena agreed to resign in Alexandra's favour, and she retained presidency of the Army Nursing Reserve.[50] Though thought to be merely an artefact created by society ladies,[52] Helena exercised an efficient and autocratic regime—"if anyone ventures to disagree with Her Royal Highness she has simply said, 'It is my wish, that is sufficient.'"[53]
The RBNA gradually went into decline following the Nurses Registration Act 1919; after six failed attempts between 1904 and 1918, the British parliament passed the bill allowing formal nurse registration.[54] What resulted was the Royal College of Nursing (RCN), and the RBNA lost membership and dominance. Helena supported the proposed amalgamation of the RBNA with the new RCN, but that proved unsuccessful when the RBNA pulled out of the negotiations.[52] However, she remained active in other nursing organisations, and was president of the Isle of Wight, Windsor and Great Western Railway branches of the Order of St. John. In this position, she personally signed and presented many thousands of certificates of proficiency in nursing.[55]
Needlework
[edit]
Helena was also active in the promotion of needlework, and became the first president of the newly established School of Art Needlework in 1872; in 1876, it acquired the "royal" prefix, becoming the Royal School of Needlework. In Helena's words, the objective of the school was: "first, to revive a beautiful art which had been well-nigh lost; and secondly, through its revival, to provide employment for gentlewomen who were without means of a suitable livelihood."[55] As with her other organisations, she was an active president, and worked to keep the school on an even level with other schools. She personally wrote to Royal Commissioners requesting money; for example, in 1895, she requested and acquired £30,000 for erecting a building for the school in South Kensington.[56] Her royal status helped its promotion, and she held Thursday afternoon tea parties at the school for society ladies, who wanted to be seen in the presence of royal personages such as Princess Helena. When the Christmas Bazaar was held, she acted as chief saleswoman, generating long queues of people anxious to be served personally by her.[57]
Helena was anxious to help children and the unemployed, and began hosting free dinners for their benefit at the Windsor Guildhall. She presided over two of these dinners, in February and March 1886, and over 3,000 meals were served to children and unemployed men during the harsh winter that year.[57] Through her charitable activities, she became popular with the people; a contemporary author, C. W. Cooper, wrote that "the poor of Windsor worshipped her".[58]
Writing
[edit]
Among Helena's other interests was writing, especially translation. In 1867, when the first biography of her father, the Prince Consort was written, the author, Sir Charles Grey, notes that the Prince's letters were translated (from German to English) by Helena "with surprising fidelity".[59] Other translations followed, and in 1887 she published a translation of The Memoirs of Wilhelmine, Margravine of Bayreuth. It was noted by the Saturday Review that Helena wrote an English version that was thoroughly alive, with a sound dictionary translation and a high accuracy in spirit.[60] Her final translation was undertaken in 1882, on a German booklet called First Aid to the Injured, originally published by Christian's brother-in-law. It was republished several times until 1906.[61]
Bergsträsser affair
[edit]
A copyright issue arose after the publication of letters written by Helena's sister, Princess Alice. In Germany, an edition of Alice's letters was published in 1883, by a Darmstadt clergyman called Carl Sell, who chose a selection of her letters made available to him by the Queen. When it was done, Helena wrote to Sell and requested permission to publish an English translation of the German text. It was granted, but without the knowledge of the publisher Dr Bergsträsser. In December 1883 Helena wrote to Sir Theodore Martin, a favoured royal biographer, informing him that Bergsträsser was claiming copyright of Alice's letters, and on that basis was demanding a delay in the publication of the English edition. Martin acted as an intermediary between Helena and Bergsträsser, who claimed to have received many offers from English publishers, and that the chosen one would expect a high honorarium.[62]
Bergsträsser was persuaded to drop his demand for a delay in publishing, and modify his copyright claims in return for a lump sum. However, the Queen and Helena refused, claiming that the copyright belonged to the Queen, and that only Sell's original preface was open to negotiation. The royal ladies considered Bergsträsser's claims "unjustified if not impertinent", and would not communicate with him directly.[63] Eventually, Bergsträsser came to Britain in January 1884, willing to accept £100 for the first 3,000 copies and a further £40 for each subsequent thousand copies sold.[63] Martin chose the publisher John Murray, who after further negotiations with Bergsträsser, printed the first copies in mid-1884. It sold out almost immediately; but for the second edition, Murray replaced Sell's biographical sketch of Princess Alice with the 53-page memoir written by Helena. The problem of royalties to Sell was thus avoided, and that Helena gave her name to the memoir to her sister attracted greater interest in the book.[64]
After Queen Victoria
[edit]
Edwardian period
[edit]
Helena's favourite son, Prince Christian Victor, died in 1900, followed three months later by her mother Queen Victoria, who died at Osborne House on 22 January 1901. The new King, Edward VII, did not have close ties with his surviving sisters, with the exception of Princess Louise. Helena's nephew, Prince Alexander of Battenberg (later Marquess of Carisbrooke) recorded that Queen Alexandra was jealous of the royal family, and would not invite her sisters-in-law to Sandringham.[65] Moreover, Alexandra never fully reconciled herself to Helena and Christian following their marriage controversy in the 1860s.[66]
Helena saw relatively little of her surviving siblings, and continued her role as a support to the monarchy and a campaigner for the many charities she represented.[67] She and Christian led a quiet life, but did carry out a few royal engagements. On one such occasion, the elderly couple represented the King at the silver wedding anniversary, in 1906, of Kaiser Wilhelm II (Helena's nephew) and his wife Augusta Victoria (Christian's niece).[67] During the Edwardian period, Helena visited the grave of her son, Prince Christian Victor, who died in 1900 following a bout with malaria while serving in the Second Boer War. She was met by South African Prime Minister Louis Botha, but Jan Smuts refused to meet her, partly because he was bitter that South Africa had lost the war and partly because his son had died in a British concentration camp.[68]
In 1902, Prince and Princess Christian moved to Schomberg House, 77–78 Pall Mall, London, half of which is now part of the Oxford and Cambridge Club.[69]
Before the First World War, she was one of the few maternal relatives that her nephew Kaiser Wilhelm II was close to. When he welcomed his first child, he went against Prussian tradition by asking Helena, not his mother, to assign a nurse for his son, causing a family scandal.[70]
Later years
[edit]
King Edward died in 1910, and the First World War began four years after his death. Helena devoted her time to nursing, and her daughter, Princess Marie Louise, recorded in her memoirs that requests for news of loved ones reached Helena and her sisters. It was decided that the letters should be forwarded to Crown Princess Margaret of Sweden, Princess Helena's niece, as Sweden was neutral during the war. It was during the war that Helena and Christian celebrated their golden wedding anniversary in 1916, and despite the fact that Britain and Germany were at war, the Kaiser sent a congratulatory telegram to his aunt and uncle through the Crown Princess of Sweden.[71] King George V and Queen Mary were present when the telegram was received, and the King remarked to Helena's daughter, Marie Louise, that her former husband, Prince Aribert of Anhalt, did her a service when he turned her out. When Marie Louise said she would have run away to Britain if she was still married, the King said, "with a twinkle in his eye", that he would have had to intern her.[72]
In 1917, in response to the wave of anti-German feeling that surrounded the war, George V changed the family name from Saxe-Coburg and Gotha to Windsor. He also disposed of his family's German titles and styles, so Helena and her daughters simply became Princess Christian, Princess Helena Victoria and Princess Marie Louise with no territorial designation. Helena's surviving son, Albert, fought on the side of the Prussians, though he made it clear that he would not fight against his mother's country.[73] In the same year, on 28 October, Prince Christian died at Schomberg House. Helena's last years were spent arguing with Commissioners, who tried to turn her out of Schomberg House and Cumberland Lodge because of the expense of running her households. They failed, as clear evidence of her right to live in those residences for life was shown.[74]
Death
[edit]
Princess Helena died at Schomberg House on 9 June 1923 at the age of 77.[75] Her funeral, described as a "magnificently stage-managed scene" by her biographer Seweryn Chomet, was headed by King George V. The regiment of her favourite son, Prince Christian Victor, lined the steps of St. George's Chapel at Windsor Castle. Although originally interred in the Royal Vault at St George's on 15 June 1923, her body was reburied at the Royal Burial Ground, Frogmore, a few miles from Windsor, after its consecration on 23 October 1928.[76]
Legacy
[edit]
Helena was devoted to nursing, and took the lead at the charitable organisations she represented. She was also an active campaigner, and wrote letters to newspapers and magazines promoting the interests of nurse registration. Her royal status helped to promote the publicity and society interest that surrounded organisations such as the Royal British Nurses' Association. The RBNA still survives today with Aubrey Rose as president.[77] Emily Williamson founded the Gentlewomen's Employment Association in Manchester; one of the projects which came out of this group was the Princess Christian Training College for Nurses, in Fallowfield, Manchester.
In appearance, Helena was described by John Van der Kiste as plump and dowdy; and in temperament, as placid, and business-like, with an authoritarian spirit. On one occasion, during a National Dock Strike, the Archbishop of Canterbury composed a prayer hoping for its prompt end. Helena arrived at the church, examined her service sheet, and in a voice described by her daughter as "the penetrating royal family whisper, which carried farther than any megaphone", remarked: "That prayer won't settle any strike."[9] Her appearance and personality was criticised in the letters and journals of Queen Victoria, and biographers followed her example.[78] However, Helena's daughter, Princess Marie Louise, described her as:
very lovely, with wavy brown hair, a beautiful little straight nose, and lovely amber-coloured eyes ... She was very talented: played the piano exquisitively, had a distinct gift for drawing and painting in water-colours ... Her outstanding gift was loyalty to her friends ... She was brilliantly clever, had a wonderful head for business. ...[79]
Music was one of her passions; in her youth she played the piano with Charles Hallé, Jenny Lind and Clara Butt, who were among her personal friends, and she was amongst the first members of the Bach Choir of London, founded by Lind's husband (and Helena's former piano teacher) Otto Goldschmidt.[9] Her determination to carry out a wide range of public duties won her widespread popularity.[80][81] She twice represented her mother at Drawing Rooms, attendance at which was considered equivalent to being presented to the queen herself.[82]
Helena was closest to her brother, Prince Alfred, who considered her his favourite sister.[83] Though described by contemporaries as fearfully devoted to the Queen Victoria, to the point that she did not have a mind of her own, she actively campaigned for women's rights, a field the queen abhorred.[84] Nevertheless, both she and Beatrice remained closest to the queen, and Helena remained close to her mother's side until the latter's death. Her name was the last to be written in the queen's seventy-year-old journal.[85]
Titles, styles, honours and arms
[edit]
Titles and styles
[edit]
25 May 1846 – 5 July 1866: Her Royal Highness The Princess Helena[86]
5 July 1866 – 17 July 1917: Her Royal Highness The Princess Helena, Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein[87]
17 July 1917 – 9 June 1923: Her Royal Highness Princess Christian[88][89]
Honours
[edit]
British
1 January 1878: Companion of the Crown of India[90]
29 April 1883: Member of the Royal Red Cross[9]
23 March 1896: Lady of Justice of St John[87]
10 February 1904: Royal Family Order of King Edward VII
3 June 1911: Royal Family Order of King George V
3 June 1918: Dame Grand Cross of the British Empire.[91]
Member 1st class of the Royal Order of Victoria and Albert
Foreign
31 March 1863: Dame of the Order of Queen Saint Isabel[92]
Dame of the Order of Louise, 1st Division[93]
1 June 1872: Cross of Merit for Women and Girls[94]
Arms
[edit]
In 1858, Helena and the three younger of her sisters were granted use of the royal arms, with an inescutcheon of the shield of Saxony, and differenced by a label of three points argent. On Helena's arms, the outer points bore roses gules, and the centre bore a cross gules. In 1917, the inescutcheon was dropped by royal warrant from George V.[95]
Princess Helena's coat of arms (1858–1917)
Issue
[edit]
Prince and Princess Christian had six children, four of whom lived to adulthood. They had one grandchild, Valerie Marie zu Schleswig-Holstein, who died in 1953 as their final descendant.
Name Birth Death Notes Prince Christian Victor[96] 14 April 1867 29 October 1900 His mother's favourite son; died unmarried and without issue while serving in the Boer War Prince Albert 26 February 1869 27 April 1931 Succeeded as head of the House of Oldenburg in 1921; had one illegitimate daughter, Valerie Marie zu Schleswig-Holstein Princess Helena Victoria 3 May 1870 13 March 1948 Never married. One of her last public appearances was at the wedding of the future Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh Princess Marie Louise[97] 12 August 1872 8 December 1956 Married 1891; Prince Aribert of Anhalt; no issue; marriage was dissolved in 1900 Prince Harald[97] 12 May 1876 20 May 1876 Died an infant at eight days old An unnamed stillborn son 7 May 1877 7 May 1877 Stillborn
Ancestry
[edit]
Notes
[edit]
References
[edit]
Battiscombe, Georgina, Queen Alexandra (Constable & Company Ltd, London, 1969)
Bennett, D., Queen Victoria's Children (Gollancz, London, 1980) ISBN 0-575-02690-1
Chomet, Seweryn, Helena: A Princess Reclaimed (Begell House, New York, 1999) ISBN 1-56700-145-9
Dennison, Matthew, The Last Princess: The Devoted Life of Queen Victoria's Youngest Daughter (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2007) ISBN 978-0-297-84794-6
Eilers, Marlene A., Queen Victoria's Descendants (Genealogical Publishing Company, 1987) ISBN 0-8063-1202-5
Longford, Elizabeth, Victoria R. I. (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, Second Edition 1987) ISBN 0-297-84142-4
Marie Louise (Princess Marie Louise of Schleswig-Holstein), My Memories of Six Reigns (Second edition, Penguin, Middlesex, 1959)
Packard, Jerrold M., Victoria's Daughters (St Martin's Griffin, New York, 1998) ISBN 0-312-24496-7
Van der Kiste, John, Queen Victoria's Children (Sutton Publishing, Gloucester, 2006) ISBN 0-7509-3476-X
"Helena, Princess [Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein] (1846–1923)",(subscription required) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online ed., Jan 2008, accessed 22 February 2008. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/41067.
Wake, Jehanne, Princess Louise: Queen Victoria's Unconventional Daughter (Collins, London, 1988) ISBN 0-00-217076-0
Thomas Weiberg: ... wie immer Deine Dona. Verlobung und Hochzeit des letzten deutschen Kaiserpaares. Isensee-Verlag, Oldenburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-89995-406-7
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Princess Helena of the United Kingdom, Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
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by Scott Mehl © Unofficial Royalty 2015 Princess Helena was the fifth child, and third daughter, of Queen Victoria of The United Kingdom and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. She was born at…
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by Scott Mehl © Unofficial Royalty 2015
Princess Helena was the fifth child, and third daughter, of Queen Victoria of The United Kingdom and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. She was born at Buckingham Palace in London, England on May 25, 1846. Two months later, on July 25, 1846 she was christened in the Private Chapel at Buckingham Palace with the names Helena Augusta Victoria. Her godparents were:
Friedrich Wilhelm, Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (the future Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, husband of Queen Victoria’s cousin, Princess Augusta of Cambridge)
The Duchess of Orléans (born Helene of Mecklenburg-Schwerin)
The Duchess of Cambridge (her great aunt by marriage, born Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel)
Helena had eight siblings:
Victoria, Princess Royal (1840-1901) married Friedrich III, German Emperor and King of Prussia, had four sons and four daughters
King Edward VII of the United Kingdom (1841-1910) married Princess Alexandra of Denmark, had 2 sons and 3 daughters
Princess Alice (1843-1878) married Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, had two sons and five daughters
Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1844-1900) married Grand Duchess Marie Alexandrovna of Russia, had one son and four daughters
Princess Louise (1848-1939) married John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne, 9th Duke of Argyll (1845-1914); no children
Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught (1850-1942) married Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia, had one son and two daughters
Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany (1853-1884) married Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont, had one son and one daughter
Princess Beatrice (1857-1944) married Prince Henry of Battenberg, had three sons and one daughter
Known within the family as Lenchen, Helena’s childhood was spent at her mother’s various homes, in the care of nurses and nannies. An accomplished artist and pianist from a young age, she was often overshadowed in life by her siblings. She was closest to her brother Alfred, and the two remained so for their entire lives. Helena’s life would change drastically in 1861, with the death of her beloved father. She began helping her sister Alice who became an unofficial secretary to their mother. After Alice’s marriage, Helena would continue in this role, along with her younger sister Louise, before the role was primarily taken by her youngest sister, Beatrice.
Helena had a brief romance with Carl Ruland, who had served as her father’s librarian. Of course, when Queen Victoria discovered her daughter’s interest in one of the servants, Ruland was quickly dispatched back to Germany. Victoria then began a quest to find Helena an appropriate husband. It was in May 1865 while visiting Coburg that Helena met her future husband, Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, the son of Christian August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg, and Countess Louise Sophie af Danneskiold-Samsøe. After receiving formal consent from Queen Victoria and agreeing that they would live in the United Kingdom, their engagement was announced on December 5, 1865. As she had done with her other children, Queen Victoria arranged for Parliament to grant Helena an annuity of £6000 per year and a £30,000 dower. She also personally gave the couple £100,000, which provided them an income of about £4000 per year.
The engagement was not met with unanimous approval within the royal family. The Princess of Wales (formerly Princess Alexandra of Denmark) could not countenance a marriage to someone who, she felt, took the Schleswig and Holstein duchies away from her father King Christian IX of Denmark. The Prince of Wales supported his wife in this. Another of Helena’s sisters, Alice, disapproved as she felt her mother was pushing Helena into this marriage to ensure that Helena would remain near her side. The fact that Christian was fifteen years older than Helena certainly did not help that suggestion. However, Helena was truly in love with Christian and was determined to marry him for her own happiness.
Despite the misgivings of some of her siblings, Helena had the full support and blessing of her mother and the wedding went on as planned. Helena and Christian married on July 5, 1866, in the Private Chapel in Windsor Castle in Windsor, England. Following a brief stay at Osborne House, they set off on a honeymoon in Paris, Interlaken, and Genoa.
Unofficial Royalty: Wedding of Princess Helena and Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
Upon returning from their honeymoon, the couple settled at Frogmore House in Windsor, England, and over the next eleven years, had five children:
Prince Christian Victor (1867-1900) – unmarried
Prince Albert, later Duke of Schleswig-Holstein (1869-1931), unmarried, had an illegitimate daughter
Princess Helena Victoria (1870-1948) – unmarried
Princess Marie Louise (1872-1956) – married Prince Aribert of Anhalt (marriage dissolved)), no issue
Prince Harald (born and died1876) – lived 8 days
In 1872, Helena and her family moved from Frogmore House to Cumberland Lodge in Windsor Great Park. Cumberland Lodge was the traditional home of the Ranger of Windsor Great Park, a position to which Prince Christian had been appointed in 1867. She took a very active role in royal duties and engagements when this was not nearly as common as it is today. Helena was very involved in charity work, particularly nursing. She served as president of the Royal British Nurses Association and was one of the founding members of the British Red Cross. She was also the founding president of the Royal School of Needlework.
In the late 1870s, Helena suffered several losses. Her young son, Prince Harald, died just 8 days old in 1876, and the following year she would give birth to a stillborn son. The next year, her sister Alice died from diphtheria. Despite their strained relationship at the time of Helena’s marriage, Helena recognized that Alice was looking out for her happiness, and she was devastated by her death. Helena later wrote a forward for a book of letters from Alice to Queen Victoria. The second edition, published in 1885, was titled “Memories of Princess Alice by her Sister, Princess Christian.”
More tragedy would come at the turn of the century. Her favorite brother Alfred died in July 1900, and in October, her oldest son, Christian Victor, died of malaria in South Africa while serving in the Boer War. The year 1901 would bring the death of her mother Queen Victoria and eldest sister Victoria, The Dowager German Empress.
Following Queen Victoria’s death, Helena continued to support the monarchy, although she was not very close with her brother King Edward VII. With King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra now residing at Buckingham Palace, Helena needed a new home in London. Unlike many of her siblings, Helena did not have a separate London home and stayed in the Belgian Suite at Buckingham Palace when she was in London. In August 1902, King Edward VII gave her use of the former De Vesci House at 77-78 Pall Mall in London, England, which had recently been given to the Crown. It soon became known as Schomberg House, and Helena would live there for the rest of her life. Schomberg House would then become the home of Helena’s two daughters until 1947.
Helena and Christian celebrated their 50th wedding anniversary in 1916, the first in the family since King George III and Queen Charlotte in 1811. In July 1917, Helena’s nephew King George V asked his family to relinquish their German titles. Helena’s family dropped the ‘of Schleswig-Holstein’ designation from their titles, and Helena officially became just Princess Christian. Unofficially, she was most often known simply as Princess Helena. Just a few months later, on October 8, 1917, Helena’s husband died at Schomberg House.
Princess Helena died on June 9, 1923, at Schomberg House in London, England at the age of 77. She was survived by three of her children and three of her siblings. Following her funeral on June 15, 1923, held at St George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle in Windsor, England, she was interred in the Royal Crypt at St. George’s Chapel. In 1928, her remains, along with those of her husband and son Harald were moved to the newly established Royal Burial Ground at Frogmore in Windsor, England.
This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.
Recommended Books:
Helena: A Princess Reclaimed – S. Chomet
Helena: Queen Victoria’s Third Daughter – John Van der Kiste and Bee Jordaan
Queen Victoria Resources at Unofficial Royalty
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Princess Helena of the United Kingdom and Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
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Princess Helena was the daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Great Britain.
Prince Christian was the son of Duke Christian August and Duchess...
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The Royal Forums
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https://www.theroyalforums.com/threads/princess-helena-of-the-united-kingdom-and-prince-christian-of-schleswig-holstein.45668/
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Follow along with the video below to see how to install our site as a web app on your home screen.
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https://royalcentral.co.uk/uk/the-princess-youve-probably-never-heard-of-who-helped-make-wimbledon-royal-200644/
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The princess you've probably never heard of who helped make Wimbledon royal
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2024-06-29T13:13:26+00:00
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Meet the princess that history has forgotten who helped put Wimbledon on the tennis map.
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Royal Central
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https://royalcentral.co.uk/uk/the-princess-youve-probably-never-heard-of-who-helped-make-wimbledon-royal-200644/
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We’re used to seeing royals at Wimbledon with the Princess of Wales now patron of the All England Club. But rewind nine decades and another royal was a familiar face there. A princess known to her family as Thora regularly cropped up on the Pathe newsreels of the time presenting trophies and cheering on the tennis stars of the day. This granddaughter of Queen Victoria was a good sport and she needed to be for Princess Thora lived first hand the huge changes that transformed the monarchy from Victorian to modern.
Her story began in a rather similar way to many of Victoria’s descendants. She was born on May 3rd 1870 at a family residence, Frogmore House, and given her grandmother’s name as was almost compulsory at the time. Baby Victoria Louise Sophia Augusta Amelia Helena was the third child and first daughter of Princess Helena, Victoria’s third girl. Her father was Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein who had been allowed to marry Helena in 1866 on the condition that he lived permanently in Britain. And so Thora grew up in England surrounded by her royal cousins.
And one of those royal cousins led to a pivotal moment in this young princess’s life. Like every other granddaughter of Queen Victoria, Thora was talked about as a potential bride from an early age and the groom that her family had in mind for her was very close at hand. George, second son of the future Edward VII and Alexandra of Denmark, was singled out as a possible husband but his own mother was having none of it.
Alexandra never got over the wars over Schleswig-Holstein between Denmark and Prussia – her homeland had lost these battles. Thora’s paternal lineage was always going to be a problem. The then Princess of Wales, still considered a great beauty, was also rather dismissive of Thora’s sharp features, referring to her as ‘Snipe’. She wrote to her son in rather mocking tones about the idea of this particular cousin becoming his wife, saying ‘Well, it would be a pleasure to welcome that ‘’beauty’’ as your bride.’
In the end, Thora stood as a bridesmaid in the Chapel Royal, St James Palace when George married Mary of Teck on July 6th 1893. Thora had just turned 23 and despite the mocking of her aunt still harboured hopes of becoming a royal bride herself. But another mooted suitor, Ernest of Hohenloe-Langenburg, married another of her cousins, Alexandra of Edinburgh, soon afterwards, and as she approached 30 she remained unmarried.
That didn’t stop Thora’s grandmamma, an arch matchmaker, continuing to look for suitable husbands right up until her death. In 1899, Queen Victoria wrote to her eldest daughter about a possible marriage for Thora but this groom, Prince Johannes of Hohenloe-Langenburg, was Catholic and religion was one reason this wedding never took place. Instead, Thora would quietly retire into a single life of companionship to her mother and grandmother.
She spent a tremendous amount of time with Victoria in her last years and helped organize and jot down some of her memoirs and diaries. Those epic writings would later be edited down with the assistance of the Queen Empress’s youngest daughter, Beatrice. And Thora became involved with several of the organisations supported by her mother, beginning a life of charity work.
Embed from Getty Images
That’s not to say she led a sheltered existence. Thora loved sport and being outdoors and she had a particular passion for tennis. In later life, she was often seen at the All England Tennis Championships or at Wimbledon for other tournaments including the Davis Cup where she presented the trophy on more than one occasion. She also loved golf as did her brother, Albert. And she was close to her siblings – when another brother, Christian, died in the Boer War Thora accompanied her mother to South Africa to pay their respects at his graveside.
During the First World War, the princess helped organize concerts to entertain the troops. But in 1917, the ongoing conflict led to a change in her name – at the command of her cousin George, now king. In that year, he renounced all German titles on behalf of himself and his relatives. The name of Schleswig-Holstein which had caused so much unhappiness to George’s mother was lost as part of those changes and the rejected cousin became Her Highness Princess Helena Victoria.
World War Two, meanwhile, would see her lose her home. She had been living with her sister, Marie Louise, at Schomberg House in London but as 1940 dawned it was deemed safer for the princesses to move to the countryside and they left the capital. They would eventually return to London, but their home had been damaged, and they found a new residence in Berkley Square.
But her charity work continued and a surprisingly large amount of footage of the princess survives on newsreels where she can be seen opening hospitals or visiting the sporting events she so loved. She became godmother to the eldest son of the Duke and Duchess of Gloucester, a prince called William, at his christening in 1942 and five years later she watched him act as pageboy to the then Princess Elizabeth at her wedding to Prince Philip at Westminster Abbey. It would be Thora’s last major public appearance – she died on March 13th 1948 and was buried at Frogmore. Her story had come full circle.
“I know you of all others would be able to realize what the loss of darling Grandmama is to me,’’ Thora wrote in the weeks following the death of Queen Victoria in response to a letter of condolence. In many ways, the loss of ‘darling grandmama’ altered Thora’s life forever- she began to move from the inner circles of the court to a royal life lived in an increasingly contemporary world. But while it is easy to see Thora as a forgotten Victorian, this princess very much made her way in the world. She found causes that mattered to her and promoted them with gusto. She embraced the many changes life brought to her with spirit, and she ended her days held in high esteem by her family.
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https://www.dearest-mama.com/helena-of-the-united-kingdom-1846-1923/
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Helena of the United Kingdom (1846
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https://www.dearest-mama.com/helena-of-the-united-kingdom-1846-1923/
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A Lively Child
Helena Augusta Victoria was born on 25 May 1846 at Buckingham Palace and was the fifth child and third daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.
Helena’s birth seems to have been a difficult one as Albert indicated in a letter to his brother, Ernst II, that the child had been “quite blue” but had made a full recovery. The birth had also taken its toll on her mother as the labour had gone on longer than her previous births and she was taking longer to recover.
Helena was a lively child who loved riding, boating and music, as well as art, however she was often overshadowed by her sisters, Vicky and Alice. Helena spent most of her childhood moving from one royal residence to another with the rest of the family, however family life changed forever upon the death of Prince Albert in 1861. Distraught, Queen Victoria secluded herself from public life and it was left to Alice to perform her royal duties. The work was too vast for Alice to carry out alone but Helena was deemed too emotional to help and their younger sister, Louise, was chosen instead. However, when Alice married, Helena became her mother’s companion and dealt with her correspondence.
Marriage
In 1859, Helena almost caused a scandal after flirting with her father’s librarian, Carl Ruland, who was promptly sent packing back to Germany so the Queen began the search for a suitable husband. Being a middle child, Helena was considered to be less marketable and the Queen was determined this daughter would stay close. Christian of Schleswig-Holstein was considered the best candidate but he was fifteen years older than Helena and there were political problems as well. The territories of Schleswig and Holstein were constantly being fought over by Denmark and Prussia, with the latter having won the most recent war, although the Danish king was still laying claim to the titles. The Princess of Wales, formerly Alexandra of Denmark, was dismayed by the proposed match and was supported by her husband and Alice. However, the match was supported by Helena’s older sister, Vicky, who had been a family friend of Christian’s for many years.
Despite the controversy, Helena was happy with him and since Christian was a younger son with no commitments to his homeland, he was able to stay in England. The couple were married on 5 December 1865 at Windsor Castle in the presence of the Queen who gave away the bride and a reluctant Prince of Wales who had been persuaded to attend. The marriage was a happy one and Helena was content to live a quieter life than her older sisters at Cumberland Lodge in Windsor Greater Park where Christian was given the honorary position of High Steward.
A Quiet Life
Helena continued to assist her mother with minor duties, alongside younger sister, Beatrice, who was now the Queen’s constant companion. Helena also pursued her interests in nursing, becoming President of the British Nurses’ Association (RBNA) upon its foundation in 1887 until 1901 when she was ousted by Queen Alexandra. Alexandra was still harbouring resentment against Helena for her choice of husband, resulting in Helena’s increasing detachment from her brothers and sisters. Helena resigned the position to her sister-in-law but still remained active within other nursing organisations.
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Marriage presents Helena Princess Christian
|
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Wedding gifts | Marriage presents Helena Princess Christian | Schmuck zur Hochzeit, Hochzeitsgeschenke der Prinzessin Helena von Grossbritannien
| null |
Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
- a gold chain bracelet, with a large gold centre bearing the initials C. H. and a crown in rubies, sapphires and diamonds; the initials surrounded with diamonds, containing the miniature of His Royal Highness Prince Christian in uniform;
Prince and Princess of Wales
- a diamond bandeau and a ruby and diamond ring from the Prince of Wales; seen here>>
Duke of Edinburgh
- a very large diamond star, seen here >>;
Princesses Louise and Beatrice and Princes Arthur and Leopold
- two diamond stars which could be combined into a diadem; seen here >>
Princess Louis of Hesse, Princess Alice of Great Britain and Ireland
- a large crystal locket, in the shape of a heart, with the initials A. L. in diamonds and rubies in the center;
Dowager Queen of Denmark
- a large oval locket with a star of diamonds in the centre, containing the hair and miniature of the Queen Dowager;
Queen of Prussia
- an elastic gold band bracelet with a heart locket affixed, composed of lapis lazuli and diamonds;
Crown Princess of Prussia
- a ring composed of a large sapphire set in diamonds;
sisters of Prince Christian
- a locket representing a shamrock leaf, composed of emeralds with a large diamond; each leaf at back containing the miniature of one of Prince Christians sisters;
Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
- a ring composed of a large ruby set in diamonds, which was brought from England by Queen Caroline Matilda of Denmark, sister of King George III. And left to Prince Christian´s grandmother, who left it to his mother.
King of the Belgians
- a gold band bracelet with Souvenir in turquoise and a gold locket with a suspended turquoise and diamond heart;
Duke of Cambridge
- a gold bracelet, ornamented with pearls and emeralds;
Duchess of Cambridge
- a gold bracelet composed of amethysts and diamonds, surrounded with pearls;
Duchess of Mecklenburg
- a gold circular locket, with salve in diamonds on a blue enamel centre; a gold chain attached with lapis lazuli beads;
Princess Mary of Cambridge
- a crystal heart locket, ornamented with rubies and diamonds; a gold ribbon set in rubies and diamonds at the top;
Princess Marguerite of Orleans
- an oxidized silver bracelet, containing the miniature and hair of Princess Marguerite;
Comte de Paris and the Duc de Chartres
- a fan, painted in different compartments, and very richly mounted in carved ivory, with the initial H, which had been given to the late Duchess of Orleans (godmother to Princess Helena) in her Corbeil de Noces;
Princess Amélie of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
- a fan, with the portrait, surrounded with flowers, of Princess Amélie of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, painted by the Princess;
Prince and Princess of Leiningen
- a gold bracelet;
Archduchess Clotilde
- an oval locket, with pearls and diamonds, containing the miniature and hair of Princess Clotilde;
Her bridesmaids: Lady Margaret Scott, Lady Caroline Gordon Lennox, Lady Laura Phipps, Lady Albertha Hamilton, Lady Mary Fitzwilliam, Lady Alexandrina Murray, Lady Muriel Campbell and Lady Ernestine Edgcumbe
- a splendid pendent of different coloured diamonds was also described as an enamel locket in the Holbein style, enriched with various coloured brilliants, a black pearl centre and drop, and three white pearls in the border and as a richly-coloured enamel Holbein locket with pink, green and straw-coloured brilliants, a large black pearl centre, with a white pearl drop;
Duke and Duchess of Roxburgh
- a gold band bracelet, the centre composed of a large amethyst surrounded by an open-worked border of blue and white enamel and pearls;
Earl Granville
- an oval gold locket, with horseshoe of diamonds and sapphires;
Maharajah Dhuleep Singh
a gold armlet with band composed of diagonal lines of Oriental pearls and rubies while the centre ornament was composed of white enamel, Indian rubies and pearls, which could be removed and worn as a brooch;
Tumongong, Su-Maharajah of Jahore.
- magnificent enamel antique necklace, richly set with precious stones;
gifts to her fiancée from Queen Victoria included:
a silver service for the table consisting of a large centrepiece, two side-pieces and a set of candlesticks
Thank you Laura!
source:The Scotsman, 7 July 1866; The Times, 6, 7, 11 July 1866; Illustrated London News, July 21, 1866
Princess Helena of Great Britain | Hochzeit | Prinzessin Helena von Grossbritannien
Helena Princess Christian | Marriage | Prinzessin Helena von Schleswig-Holstein
Helena Princess Christian | Wedding Presents | Prinzessin Helena von Schleswig-Holstein
Jewels of Helena Princess Christian | Schmuck der Prinzessin Helena
Tiara and Pearl Jewels of Helena Princess Christian | Perlen und Diadem der Prinzessin
:::::
Queen Victoria | Königin Viktoria mit Diadem
Queen Mary´s Jewels | Königin Mary von England
Duchess of Fife | Louise Herzogin von Fife
Duchess of Argyll | Louise Herzogin von Argyll
::::::::::::::
|
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https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1866/feb/22/princess-helena-and-prince-alfred
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en
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PRINCESS HELENA AND PRINCE ALFRED. (Hansard, 22 February 1866)
|
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PRINCESS HELENA AND PRINCE ALFRED. (Hansard, 22 February 1866)
|
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| null |
THE CHANCELLOR OF THE EXCHEQUER
Mr. Dodson—You have read from the Chair two Messages from Her Majesty, and separate Resolutions will be proposed with respect to each of those Messages, but the observations I have to make, which I hope will not long detain the Committee, may well include the subject of each Message. The general rules and considerations which apply to Messages of this kind, and the course which the House is invited to take in considering them, are the same in respect to all members of the Royal Family. The House and the public are generally aware of the principles upon which the subject—which in other coun- 903 tries often leads to difficulties—of providing for the Royal Family, is managed among ourselves. As the result of experience it has been found the wisest and simplest course to enter into a negotiation at the accession of each succeeding Sovereign, and the basis of that negotiation is that, whilst the Sovereign surrenders the life interests of the Crown estates, on the other hand a sufficient provision is made by Parliament for the maintenance of the Royal household and establishment. But it is well understood, that although that maintenance includes all that relates to the training of the family, it does not and cannot include that which relates to making competent provision for the members of that family, as they come to adult age and go out into the world. All this devolves upon the Government and Parliament, and they have to consider in each case as it arises what course it may be suitable to take. We have before us now two cases—first, that of the Princess Helena, and second, that of Prince Alfred. The nature of the subject I have to submit to the Committee does not at all require that any reference shall be made to special circumstances connected with the Royal Family. It is, however, a happy recollection, and must give us cheerfulness and satisfaction in the performance of this duty, to consider that the lives of the children of the Royal House have been so full of promise, so full of all that can give grace to youth and excite confident hopes for the happiness of their future lives. But with respect to the Princess Helena, I may venture to say one word beyond what has already fallen from me. Her position has been peculiar. It has been her lot to be the eldest unmarried Princess of the Royal Family during the time which has elapsed since that most crushing of all trials which can sadden human existence has befallen Her Majesty. Under those circumstances, she has been placed in a position which at a singularly early period put to the test all the most important qualities of her character—its strength, its wisdom, and its tenderness. It is but due to the nature of the subject to say that all I now state in Parliament is well known not only to the persons in immediate intercourse with the Royal House but to the public at large. It is well known that during those dark and trying years the Princess Helena, even at her early age, has been alike a stay and a solace to her illustrious mother. As regards the nature of the proposal I 904 have to make in the case of the Princess Helena, it is very simple, for we have only to follow the precedent set in the analagous case of the Princess Alice. About four years ago when the marriage of the Princess Alice was about to take place, a proposal was made to the House, and accepted by the unanimous will and pleasure of the House. It was that we should empower Her Majesty to endow the Princess Alice with an annuity for life, amounting to £6,000 a year, and likewise vote a dower of £30,000 to be given by Her Majesty to the same Princess. These two steps will be precisely repeated on the present occasion. I can, consistently indeed with form, only introduce at this moment the first of the two proposals; that is to say, the Resolution relating to the annuity for life. And I will ask the Committee to resolve that the annual sum of £6,000 be granted to Her Majesty out of the Consolidated Fund of Great Britain and Ireland, to be settled as Her Majesty shall think fit on the Princess Helena Augusta Victoria, and to commence from the date of her marriage with Prince Christian. The dowry will, in the regular course, be taken in Committee of Supply. It will be the first business, and to-morrow, when the Speaker leaves the Chair, it will be my duty to move that a dowry of £30,000 be granted to the Princess Helena. I come now to the subject of the second Message—the arrangement proposed with respect to Prince Alfred, on his coming of age. Nothing strictly analogous to this proposal has been submitted to Parliament for a considerable time; but Her Majesty's Government have considered with what care they could, on what footing it would be right to place the establishment of a young Prince of the United Kingdom on his coming of age, and the result I will submit to the Committee. I ask the Committee to resolve that an annual sum of £15,000 be granted to Her Majesty out of the Consolidated Fund to be settled on Prince Alfred Ernest Albert for his life, in such manner as Her Majesty shall think proper, and to commence from the coming of age of His Royal Highness. The annuity to the Princess Helena will date from an event still in the future—that of her marriage; the annuity to Prince Alfred will date from a period that is past, inasmuch as he attained his majority in the last year. The case of a Princess contracting a marriage naturally leads to 905 an arrangement which, according to precedent, should be proposed and considered as a final arrangement. The case of a Prince attaining his majority does not stand precisely on the same position. Circumstances might arise affecting the condition of that Prince, and making it necessary to reconsider the grant to be voted to-night. It might be that he would attain a position of charge and responsibility elsewhere, which might have the effect of rendering him either wholly or partially independent of any provision from the revenues of this country. We feel that the possibility of such an occurrence will be best met, not by any provision of a positive character, but by a simple provision as to the right of the Crown and of the Legislature of the country to consider such a case as equity and policy shall require when the contingency arise. On the other hand, it is desirable that the House should clearly understand that the proposal we now make is a proposal for the due maintenance of the station and establishment of a son of Her Majesty during his unmarried life, and that in the event of the Prince Alfred contracting a marriage, it would be our duty again to submit the subject to the House, and call upon Parliament to make any further provision that the altered circumstances would require, both in regard to an annual allowance and to the contingency of jointure. This explanation, I think, contains nearly all I would say on the subject. As to the amount we propose should be granted to the Prince, I will add only a very few words. I think the amount ought to be considered from two points of view; and that no one can duly estimate it who forgets either of these points of view. If we look at it from the side of Parliament, from the side of those who grant the provision, of those who furnish the funds out of which it is paid, no doubt it is a liberal provision. It is a provision, the granting and accepting of which is made far more easy and satisfactory by its being given, as these provisions have been given by Parliament during the present reign, with general, I may say with unanimous, satisfaction. But, on the other hand, if we look to this provision from the second point of view to which I have referred, it cannot be regarded as immoderate. Considering the station of the receiver, considering how desirable it is, how essential it is, that we grant an income that will secure the independence so essential to the character and 906 dignity of that station, considering the calls that station brings with it, and the heavy expenses in every form that attends it, I think it will be admitted by all classes of the community, that, having regard to the customs of the country, the habits of society, and the fortunes commonly attained and dispensed among various orders of men, that if this be a grant which it is liberal for Parliament to make, so also it is one as moderate as the Crown and Royal Family ought to receive. With these words I place, Sir, in your hands the first Resolution which I beg to move—namely, that an annual income of £6,000 be granted to Her Majesty out of the Consolidated Fund, to be settled on Her Royal Highness the Princess Helena for life in such manner as Her Majesty shall think fit, to commence from the date of the marriage of the Princess with Prince Christian. I have only to say that the terms of the Resolution, according to the established form, are entirely absolute, and that the only conditions that attach to the grant of the annuity are usually, on these occasions, inserted in the Bill. The right hon. Gentleman concluded by moving the following Resolution:— That the annual sum of Six Thousand Pounds be granted to Her Majesty, out of the Consolidated Fund of Great Britain and Ireland, the said Annuity to be settled on Her Royal Highness the Princess Helena Augusta Victoria for her life, in such manner as Her Majesty shall think proper, and to commence from the date of the Marriage of Her Royal Highness with Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein Sonderbourg-Augustenburg,
§ THE CHANCELLOR OF THE EXCHEQUER
In answer to the Question of my hon. Friend the Member for Sheffield, I wish to call his attention to the terms of the Resolution, that the annual sum specified Be granted to Her Majesty, to be settled upon his Royal Highness Prince Alfred Ernest Albert, in such manner as Her Majesty may think proper. The course that has been usually taken by Pariament, and which, I trust, will be taken on the present occasion, is to recognize the function of the parent; and, certainly, if ever there was a case of a Royal Family and of a parent in which we ought to recognize that their station and responsibility, their cares and enjoyments, have done nothing to abate the strength of domestic affection, or deaden the sense of domestic duty, it is the case in which we are now concerned. Therefore, the Resolution rests upon the proper basis when we propose that the annuity shall be settled in such manner as Her Majesty shall think fit. But it has been the practice of Her Majesty to call in the aid of her great Council of 909 Parliament in cases where it is thought fit that particular conditions should be inserted in the Bills to be enacted for the purpose of giving effect to the Resolutions. Perhaps I ought to remind my right hon. Friend (Mr. Bouverie) that, not in this case only, but that generally in the case of money grants, from the nature of our forms in preliminary Committee, we begin by making our grant in the widest terms, because it is not in the power of this House to make any extension of the Resolutions imposed by the Committee, and that any provision for limitation is always reserved for the subsequent stages of the Bill. In that manner it is proposed to proceed on the present occasion, and to follow the precedents afforded in the cases of the Crown Princess of Prussia and the Princess Alice—especially the latter, because there the analogy extends, even to the sum inserted in the Resolutions. My right hon. Friend suggests that it would be agreeable to the people of this country to provide for an absolute cessation of this annuity in the event of the arrival of a contingency to which he has alluded. I may again say that I would venture to recommend my right hon. Friend to see and to weigh any terms that may be inserted in the Bill before he forms a final judgment upon them. I will at once say that we are not prepared to insert such a clause in the Act, and on this one ground, which, I confess, appears to me to be absolutely conclusive—that it will be impossible to define absolutely all the contingencies on which such a cessation ought to take place, if it is to take place at all, and that nothing could be more inconvenient than to refer to one such contingency, and thereby by implication to exclude every other. On that ground I hope my right hon. Friend will abandon that idea, and with respect to his approval or disapproval, that he will kindly look to the words in the Bill, and then form his judgment upon them.
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Princess Helena of the United Kingdom
Princess Helena (Helena Augusta Victoria; 25 May 1846 – 9 June 1923), later Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, was the third daughter and fifth child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Helena was educated by private tutors chosen by her father and his close friend and adviser, Baron Stockmar. Her childhood was spent with her parents, travelling between a variety of royal residences in Britain . Read more on Wikipedia
Since 2007, the English Wikipedia page of Princess Helena of the United Kingdom has received more than 2,548,522 page views. Her biography is available in 37 different languages on Wikipedia (up from 32 in 2019) . Princess Helena of the United Kingdom is the 43rd most popular companion (up from 49th in 2019), the 166th most popular biography from United Kingdom (up from 204th in 2019) and the 7th most popular British Companion.
Princess Helena of the United Kingdom is most famous for being the daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. She married Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein in 1866.
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https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Prince_Christian_of_Schleswig-Holstein
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Category:Prince Christian of Schleswig
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Subcategories
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C
Media in category "Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein"
The following 23 files are in this category, out of 23 total.
1831Christian-05.jpg 664 × 1,008; 328 KB
Birmingham General Hospital - opening in 1897.jpg 1,855 × 1,227; 250 KB
Christian and helena.jpg 335 × 520; 58 KB
Christian Karl Magnussen (1821-96) - The Marriage of Princess Helena, 5 July 1866 - RCIN 404483 - Royal Collection.jpg 2,000 × 1,309; 1.63 MB
Christian-Schleswig-Holstein.jpg 313 × 444; 45 KB
Cristià.jpg 289 × 461; 57 KB
Franz Xaver Winterhalter (1805-73) - Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein (1831-1917) - RCIN 404542 - Royal Collection.jpg 1,262 × 1,650; 1.79 MB
Franz Xaver Winterhalter (1805-73) - Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (1831-1917) - RCIN 404542 - Royal Collection.jpg 1,735 × 2,250; 490 KB
Guests at Princess Beatrice's wedding.jpg 1,500 × 755; 241 KB
Magnussen-Marriage.jpg 2,000 × 1,309; 834 KB
Portrait of Christian of Schleswig-Holstein in the robes of the Order of the Garter.png 1,670 × 2,096; 7.21 MB
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Schleswig-Holstein plot at Royal Burial Ground, Frogmore.jpg 963 × 321; 62 KB
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29120
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https://www.flickr.com/photos/senex_magister26/7789369936
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en
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Princess Helena of the United Kingdom
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2024-08-21T18:29:43.786000+00:00
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Princess Helena was affectionately known in her family as 'Lenchen'. She was the fifth child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. On her marriage to Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein (1831-1917) in 1866, Queen Victoria stipulated that they should live in England. They made their home at Frogmore House in the grounds of Windsor Castle, later moving to Cumberland Lodge in the 1873 and had five children.
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en
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https://combo.staticflickr.com/pw/favicon.ico
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Flickr
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https://www.flickr.com/photos/senex_magister26/7789369936
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Princess Helena was affectionately known in her family as 'Lenchen'. She was the fifth child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. On her marriage to Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein (1831-1917) in 1866, Queen Victoria stipulated that they should live in England. They made their home at Frogmore House in the grounds of Windsor Castle, later moving to Cumberland Lodge in the 1873 and had five children.
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https://www.historyofroyalwomen.com/helena-of-the-united-kingdom/helena-of-the-united-kingdom-an-overshadowed-princess/
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en
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Helena of the United Kingdom
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2018-11-24T05:00:06+00:00
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This article was written by Holly Sennett. Early Life Princess Helena of the United Kingdom was born on the 25th of May 1846 at Buckingham Palace. Helena was the third daughter and fifth child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Helena’s birth appears to have been somewhat problematic. Victoria laboured for longer than her earlier [read more]
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en
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History of Royal Women
|
https://www.historyofroyalwomen.com/helena-of-the-united-kingdom/helena-of-the-united-kingdom-an-overshadowed-princess/
|
This article was written by Holly Sennett.
Early Life
Princess Helena of the United Kingdom was born on the 25th of May 1846 at Buckingham Palace. Helena was the third daughter and fifth child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Helena’s birth appears to have been somewhat problematic. Victoria laboured for longer than her earlier children and Helena emerged (according to her father), ‘quite blue’.
As a child, Helena appears to have been an energetic child who showed artistic flair, something which pleased Queen Victoria. Despite her many talents in music and art, her talent would be eventually be overshadowed by those of her artistically gifted younger sister, Louise.
On the 14th of December 1861, Helena’s childhood took a traumatic turn when her father, the Prince Consort died prematurely, aged only 42. The fifteen-year-old Helena was distraught at the death of her beloved father. Shortly after she wrote to a friend ‘I adored Papa, I loved him more than anything on earth’. In the early stages of her grief, Queen Victoria relied heavily on her daughters to manage secretarial roles within the household. Helena, however, was viewed as too emotional to fulfil a meaningful role as she tended to burst into tears. When her sister Alice married Louis of Hesse in 1862, Helena eventually assumed some secretarial duties.
Marriage
As the middle daughter, Helena’s prospects of marrying into a powerful European royal house were relatively low. Her mother also insisted that any future husband must be content to live at Windsor. This was mainly so the Queen could have at least one daughter remaining at home. Eventually, the Queen settled on Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein. However, this choice would cause a major divide within the royal family.
The duchies of Schleswig and Holstein were territories contested by both Prussia and Denmark. During the fight for these territories, Denmark had been brutally suppressed by Prussia and Austria. The match, therefore, horrified Alexandra, the Princess of Wales, who was the daughter of the Danish king and who had been distressed by her county’s loss during the war. Alexandra received support from other members within the family, who also opposed the match. The family accused Queen Victoria of selfishly sacrificing Helena’s happiness.
Despite the tension surrounding the match and the significant age difference between the couple, Helena appeared content with marriage. On the 5th of July 1866, the couple was married at Windsor Castle, and despite the previous tensions, it was a happy occasion. In comparison to her sisters, Helena lived a relatively quiet married life devoted to her husband and raising their growing family.
Later Life
Helena’s interest in nursing dominated her adult life. In 1870, Helena was a founding member of the Ladies Committee of the British Red Cross. In addition, she campaigned for the registration of nurses; something which was strongly opposed by people such as Florence Nightingale. Helena also became popular among the young, poor and unemployed as her charity work fed 3,000 people in the harsh and bitter winter and spring of 1886. Helena also spent a great deal of time faithfully translating her father’s letters from German to English in preparation for the publication of a biography.
After the death of Queen Victoria in 1901, Helena and Christian mostly retired from court life due to some existing tensions with the new Queen Consort Alexandra. During this period, Helena’s eldest son (Prince Christian Victor) died while serving in the Boer War. Prince Christian died in 1917 with Helena surviving her husband by a further six years. Princess Helena died on the 9th of June 1923 at Schomberg House, aged 77.
Helena and Christian were survived by three of their children. They have no living descendants today.
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https://www.meisterdrucke.uk/fine-art-prints/Unbekannt/755586/Marriage-of-Princess-Helena-and-Prince-Christian,-5-July-1866.html
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en
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Marriage of Princess Helena and Prince Christian, 5 July 1866
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Buy Marriage of Princess Helena and Prince Christian, 5 July 1866 by Unbekannt as fine art print. ✓ Perfect reproduction ✓ Top quality
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MeisterDrucke
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https://www.meisterdrucke.uk/fine-art-prints/Unbekannt/755586/Marriage-of-Princess-Helena-and-Prince-Christian,-5-July-1866.html
|
(Marriage of Princess Helena and Prince Christian, 5 July 1866 late 19th century)
Unbekannt
Undated · engraving · Picture ID: 755586 Nonclassified artists
Marriage of Princess Helena and Prince Christian, 5 July 1866 by Unbekannt. Available as an art print on canvas, photo paper, watercolor board, uncoated paper or Japanese paper.
germany · building · schleswig-holstein · robert wilson · princess helena of the united kingdom · princess christian of sg-holste · princess christian of schleswig-holstein · wetting · helena augusta victoria · helena augusta victoria · christian · buildings · female · women · woman · people · male · event · family · train · religious · german · country · marriage · religion · monarch · clothes · british · castle · mother · scotland · queen · royal · christianity · wedding · dress · fortification · kilt · motherhood · location · scottish · victorian · century · britain · page · bride · groom · clothing · royalty · princess · bridegroom · lady · windsor castle · bridesmaid · monochrome · prince · vicar · 19th century · black white · black and white · nineteenth century · scots · pageboy · royal event · royal wedding · sovereign · princess helena · engraving · unknown · robert · princess · christian · helena · wilson · The Print Collector/Heritage Images
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https://henrypoole.com/individual/hrh-princess-christian-schleswig-holstein/
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HRH Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
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2014-04-16T14:52:06+00:00
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Born Princess Helena and the third daughter of Queen Victoria and her consort Prince Albert, Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein (1846-1923)
|
en
|
Henry Poole Savile Row
|
https://henrypoole.com/individual/hrh-princess-christian-schleswig-holstein/
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Born Princess Helena and the third daughter of Queen Victoria and her consort Prince Albert, Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein (1846-1923) controversially married her impoverished German Prince in 1866 despite strong opposition from the Danish-born Princess of Wales, Alexandra, who insisted the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein belonged to the country of her birth. History would thwart both princesses when Prussia invaded and annexed both territories.
Princess Helena was born and christened at Buckingham Palace. Prince Albert devised a private system of educating his royal children – male and female – with the aid of his mentor Baron Stockmar that was as rigorous as it was draconian. After Prince Albert’s death in 1861, Princess Helena professed herself distraught writing ‘our grief is most, most bitter…his word was a most sacred law and he was my help and advisor’.
This slightly overwrought, sentimental tone may have been a manifestation of her mother The Queen’s cult of mourning and deifying the patriarch of the family. Prince Albert never made a secret that his eldest daughter the Crown Princess Frederick was his favourite. In the year of her father’s death, Princess Helena formed a passion for Prince Albert’s German librarian Carl Rutland. When The Queen found out she sent Rutland back from whence he came and set Princess Helena to work as her secretary.
Queen Victoria’s daughters Princess Alice and Princess Louise partially escaped their mother’s influence by marrying. Princess Helena was not so fortunate. Because Prince Christian was relatively poor, a condition for the marriage was that he would come and live in England close to Queen Victoria’s court. To add insult to injury, it was Princess Beatrice the youngest sister who served as The Queen’s principal secretary. Princess Christian as she was now titled was given the less taxing tasks of deputy.
Despite being at the beck and call of Queen Victoria, Princess Christian did pursue a career in patronising worthy causes; some of which did not meet with her mother’s approval. She advocated women’s rights. was President of the Royal British Nurses’ Association and was a founder member of the Red Cross. Princess Christian was also the founding president of the Royal School of Needlework. She undertook more public duties deputising for her mother than all of her female siblings including standing in at Court Drawing Rooms at St James’s Palace.
Princess Christian was not a conventionally pretty woman but her alliance with the Prince – who was fifteen-years her senior – was apparently a happy one. They were devoted to one another and in 1916 Prince and Princess Christian were the first British royal couple to celebrate their Golden Wedding anniversary. Relations between Prince Christian and Princess Alexandra always remained strained however and after Queen Victoria’s death in 1901, Prince and Princess Christian were seldom welcomed to Buckingham Palace, Windsor Castle or Sandringham for private family occasions.
Prince and Princess Christian lived in apartments at Buckingham Palace when in London and at Cumberland Lodge in Richmond Park whenever they had the opportunity to escape official duties. In Queen Victoria’s diaries, she refers to Princess Christian’s hypochondria. It later transpired that the Princess never enjoyed robust health and allegedly took opium and laudanum for chronic arthritis. Perhaps this contributed to her devotion to the nursing profession. When Princess Alexandra became queen she dealt Princess Christian the cruellest blow by insisting on replacing her as the patron of the Royal British Nurses’ Association.
Prince Christian died in 1917, a year after Kaiser Wilhelm II (with whom Britain was at war) had sent a telegram of congratulations to he and the Princess for their Golden Wedding anniversary. Despite repeated attempts to evict the widowed Princess Christian, she lived on at Cumberland Lodge and in Schomberg House on Pall Mall (a magnificent Carolean mansion whose façade still stands). Princess Christian is buried in the Royal Mausoleum in Frogmore on the Windsor estate.
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https://dagtho.blogspot.com/2013/06/swedish-royal-wedding-princess.html
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Dag Trygsland Hoelseth: Swedish Royal Wedding: Princess Madeleine and Mr. Chris O'Neill
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https://dbpedia.org/page/Princess_Helena_of_the_United_Kingdom
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About: Princess Helena of the United Kingdom
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Princess Helena of the United Kingdom VA CI GBE RRC (Helena Augusta Victoria; 25 May 1846 – 9 June 1923), later Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, was the third daughter and fifth child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.
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DBpedia
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http://dbpedia.org/resource/Princess_Helena_of_the_United_Kingdom
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dbo:abstract
Helena del Regne Unit, princesa de Schleswig-Holstein (Londres 1846 - 1923). Filla de la reina Victòria I del Regne Unit i del príncep Albert de Saxònia-Coburg Gotha. Des de la mort del seu pare l'any 1861 es mantingué al costat de la seva mare tenint un paper important a la cort britànica. Fou coneguda amb el nom de Lenchen. L'any 1866 es casà amb el príncep Cristià de Schleswig-Holstein fill del duc Cristià August II de Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg i de la comtessa Lluïsa Sofia Danneskjold-Samsøe. El casament implicà una enorme disputa en el si de la família reial britànica, mentre la princesa reial Victòria del Regne Unit, reina de Prússia i el seu espòs el futur kàiser Frederic III de Prússia recolzaven el matrimoni, ja que el duc Augustenburg era el principal candidat a ocupar el tron de Schleswig i Holstein en contra de (aquí tot es barrejava amb els antogonismes interns de la casa reial prussiana; la princesa de Gal·les Alexandra de Dinamarca i el seu espòs el futur rei Eduard VII del Regne Unit estaven en contra de les demandes dels Augustenburg perquè creien que els ducats eren danesos i en conseqüència del pare de la princesa de Gal·les. La parella que es conegué a Coburg el 1866 es casà a la Capella Privada de Castell de Windsor el mateix any i tingueren quatre fill que arribaren a la vida adulta: * Sa Altesa el príncep nascut l'any 1867 a Londres i mort l'any 1900. * SA nascut a Londres el 1868 i mort el 1931. * SA nascuda a Windsor el 1870 i morta a Londres el 1948. * SA la , princesa d'Anhalt nascuda a Windsor el 1872 i morta a Londres el 1956, es casà el 1891 amb el príncep del qual es divorcià el 1900 a causa de la seva homosexualitat. Va portar una vida bastant retirada de la vida pública però mantingué uns certs deures reials vinculats amb associacions a les quals pertanyia com la de "Dones cristianes britàniques". Morí el 1923 a Londres i fou enterrada a Castell de Windsor. (ca)
Princezna Helena (celým jménem Helena Augusta Viktorie, sňatkem princezna Kristiána Šlesvicko-Holštýnského; 25. května 1846 – 9. června 1923) byla členka britské královské rodiny, třetí dcera a páté dítě královny Viktorie a prince Alberta. (cs)
الأميرة هيليناأوغستا فكتوريا (بالإنجليزية: Helena Augusta Victoria) هي إحدى بنات الملكة فكتوريا. (ar)
Η Έλενα του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου (αγγλικά: Helena of the United Kingdom, 25 Μαΐου 1846 - 9 Ιουνίου 1923) ήταν η τρίτη κόρη και το πέμπτο παιδί της Βικτωρίας του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου και του Αλβέρτου της Σαξονίας-Κοβούργου-Γκότα. (el)
Prinzessin Helena Augusta Victoria von Großbritannien und Irland VA CI GCVO GBE RRC (* 25. Mai 1846 im Buckingham Palace, London; † 9. Juni 1923 in , London) war das fünfte Kind der britischen Königin Victoria und ihres Gemahls Albert von Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha. (de)
Elena Augusta Victoria del Reino Unido (en inglés: Helena Augusta Victoria Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Princess of the United Kingdom, 25 de mayo de 1846-9 de junio de 1923), por matrimonio princesa Cristián de Schleswig-Holstein y posteriormente conocida como princesa Cristián, fue la quinta de los nueve hijos de la reina Victoria del Reino Unido y el príncipe Alberto de Sajonia-Coburgo-Gotha. Educada por tutores privados elegidos por su padre y el amigo y consejero de este, el barón Stockmar, su infancia transcurrió al lado de su familia, viajando entre la variedad de residencias que tenían en el Reino Unido. La atmósfera de cordialidad al interior de la corte llegó a su fin el 14 de diciembre de 1861, cuando su padre murió y su madre inició un período de intenso duelo. En los primeros años de la década de 1860, Elena comenzó un flirteo con el bibliotecario alemán del príncipe Alberto, Carl Ruland. Aunque en gran parte se desconoce la naturaleza de la relación, todavía sobreviven algunas cartas románticas que la princesa escribió a Ruland. Cuando la reina se enteró en 1863, despidió a Ruland, quien regresó a su natal Alemania. Tres años más tarde, el 5 de julio de 1866, Elena se casó con el empobrecido príncipe alemán Cristián de Schleswig-Holstein. La pareja permaneció en Inglaterra, a corta distancia de la reina, a quien le gustaba tener cerca a sus hijas. Elena y su hermana menor, Beatriz, se convirtieron en las secretarias no oficiales de su madre. Después de la muerte de la reina Victoria el 22 de enero de 1901, Elena se relacionó relativamente poco con sus hermanos. Era el miembro más activo de la familia real y cumplía con un extenso programa de compromisos en una época en la que no se esperaba que la realeza apareciera en público con frecuencia. También fue una activa patrocinadora de organizaciones benéficas y uno de los miembros fundadores de la Cruz Roja. Fue la presidenta fundadora de la Royal School of Needlework y presidenta de la Royal British Nurses' Association. Como dirigente de esta última apoyó con energía el registro de enfermeras, en contra de lo recomendado por Florence Nightingale. Fue la primera de la familia en celebrar su quincuagésimo aniversario de bodas en 1916, pero su marido murió un año después; Elena le sobrevivió por seis años y murió en el 9 de junio de 1923 a los 77 años. (es)
Helena du Royaume-Uni, née au palais de Buckingham à Londres le 25 mai 1846 et décédée à Schomberg House dans la même ville le 9 juin 1923, est un membre de la famille royale britannique, devenue par mariage princesse de Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderbourg-Augustenbourg. Elle est le cinquième enfant et la troisième fille de la reine Victoria du Royaume-Uni et du prince consort Albert de Saxe-Cobourg-Gotha. Helena reçoit l'enseignement de tuteurs privés choisis par son père et son proche conseiller, le baron Stockmar. Elle passe son enfance avec ses parents, entre les différentes résidences royales en Angleterre. L'atmosphère intimiste de la cour royale prend fin le 14 décembre 1861, quand son père décède et que sa mère entre dans une période de deuil profond. Au début des années 1860, Helena entretient une relation amoureuse avec le bibliothécaire allemand du prince Albert, Carl Ruland. Bien que le fait que la nature exacte de leur relation soit largement méconnue, les lettres d'amour d'Helena à Ruland se multiplient. Lorsque la reine le découvre en 1863, elle renvoie Ruland qui rentre dans son Allemagne natale. Trois ans plus tard, le 5 juillet 1866, Helena épouse le prince Christian de Schleswig-Holstein, alors ruiné. Le couple réside en Angleterre, près de la reine qui aime avoir ses filles auprès d'elle. Helena devient, avec sa sœur cadette la princesse Béatrice, secrétaire non officielle de la reine. Mais à la mort de la reine Victoria le 22 janvier 1901, Helena ne fréquente que très peu ses frères et sœurs, dont le roi Édouard VII. Helena est le membre le plus actif de la famille royale, menant un programme intensif d'actions caritatives. A la tête de nombreuses œuvres caritatives, elle est l'un des membres fondateurs de la Croix-Rouge britannique. Elle est également la présidente fondatrice de la Royal School of Needlework et la présidente de la Workhouse Infirmary Nursing Association et de la Royal British Nurses' Association. En tant que présidente de ces dernières associations, elle est un solide soutien à la reconnaissance des infirmières, et s'oppose ainsi à Florence Nightingale. En 1916, elle devient le premier membre de sa famille à célébrer son cinquantième anniversaire de mariage ; son mari décède une année seulement après. Helena lui survit six années durant, et meurt le 9 juin 1923 à l'âge de 77 ans. (fr)
Princess Helena of the United Kingdom VA CI GBE RRC (Helena Augusta Victoria; 25 May 1846 – 9 June 1923), later Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, was the third daughter and fifth child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Helena was educated by private tutors chosen by her father and his close friend and adviser, Baron Stockmar. Her childhood was spent with her parents, travelling between a variety of royal residences in Britain. The intimate atmosphere of the royal court came to an end on 14 December 1861, when her father died and her mother entered a period of intense mourning. Afterwards, in the early 1860s, Helena began a flirtation with Prince Albert's German librarian, Carl Ruland. Although the nature of the relationship is largely unknown, Helena's romantic letters to Ruland survive. After her mother discovered the flirtations, in 1863, she dismissed Ruland, who returned to his native Germany. Three years later, on 5 July 1866, Helena married the impoverished Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein. The couple remained in Britain, in calling distance of the queen, who liked to have her daughters nearby. Helena, along with her youngest sister, Princess Beatrice, became the queen's unofficial secretary. However, after Queen Victoria's death on 22 January 1901, Helena saw relatively little of her surviving siblings. Helena was the most active member of the royal family, carrying out an extensive programme of royal engagements. She was also an active patron of charities, and was one of the founding members of the British Red Cross. She was founding president of the Royal School of Needlework, and president of the Workhouse Infirmary Nursing Association and the Royal British Nurses' Association. As president of the latter, she was a strong supporter of nurse registration against the advice of Florence Nightingale. In 1916 she became the first member of her family to celebrate her 50th wedding anniversary, but her husband died a year later. Helena outlived him by six years, dying aged 77 in 1923. (en)
Putri Helena; Putri Christian dari Schleswig-Holstein 25 Mei 1846 – 9 Juni 1923 adalah anak kelima dan putri ketiga dari Ratu Victoria dan Pangeran Albert. (in)
La principessa Elena del Regno Unito (GBE, RRC, DStJ, VA, CI Helena Augusta Victoria, principessa Cristiano di Schleswig-Holstein per matrimonio, poi dal 1917 principessa Cristiano; Londra, 25 maggio 1846 – Londra, 9 giugno 1923) fu una principessa membro della Famiglia reale britannica terza figlia e quinta fra i figli della regina Vittoria del Regno Unito e di Alberto di Sassonia-Coburgo-Gotha, principe consorte. In famiglia, Elena veniva chiamata "Lenchen". Elena fu educata da insegnanti privati scelti da suo padre e dal suo consigliere e amico il Barone Stockmar. Trascorse la sua infanzia insieme ai genitori, viaggiando tra le varie residenze del Regno Unito. L'atmosfera intima della corte reale terminò il 14 dicembre 1861 quando suo padre morì e sua madre cominciò un periodo di lutto stretto. Al principio del decennio del 1860, Elena ebbe un flirt con il bibliotecario tedesco del principe Alberto, Carl Ruland. Sebbene la natura del rapporto è in gran parte sconosciuta, le lettere romantiche di Elena a Ruland sopravvissero. Quando la regina Vittoria scoprì il loro rapporto nel 1863, licenziò Ruland che ritornò nella sua nativa Germania. Tre anni dopo, il 5 luglio 1866, Elena sposò il decaduto principe tedesco Cristiano di Schleswig-Holstein. La coppia rimase in Gran Bretagna, su richiesta della Regina, a cui piaceva avere le figlie accanto, così Elena con la sorella più piccola, la principessa Beatrice, divenne segretario non ufficiale della Sovrana. Dopo la morte della regina Vittoria il 22 gennaio 1901, Elena vide relativamente poco i suoi fratelli ancora in vita. Elena era il membro più attivo della famiglia reale, realizzando un ampio programma di impegni che la videro coinvolta a dispetto del fatto che a quel tempo i membri della famiglia reale non apparivano spesso in pubblico. Fu una mecenate attiva degli enti di beneficenza e uno dei membri fondatori della Croce Rossa britannica. Fu presidente e fondatore della Scuola Reale di Ricamo e presidente dell'Associazione Reale Britannica delle Infermiere e in questa veste sostenne tenacemente la creazione dell'albo delle infermiere contro il parere di Florence Nightingale. Fu il primo membro Casa Reale a festeggiare il suo 50º anniversario di nozze nel 1916, ma suo marito morì l'anno successivo. Elena gli sopravvisse per sei anni e morì all'età di 77 anni a il 9 giugno 1923. (it)
ヘレナ・オブ・ザ・ユナイテッド・キングダム王女（Princess Helena of the United Kingdom, 1846年5月25日 - 1923年6月9日）は、イギリス女王ヴィクトリアと王配アルバートの第3王女。 (ja)
영국 공주 헬레나(Helena Augusta Victoria, 1846년 5월 25일 ~ 1923년 6월 9일)는 작센코부르크고타의 앨버트와 빅토리아 사이에서 태어난 삼녀로 태어났다. 덴마크의 왕가인 슐레스비히홀슈타인존더부르크글뤽스부르크 왕가의 친척뻘인 의 삼남 와 혼인하였다. 제1차 세계 대전으로 반독일감정이 형성되자, 남편과 함께 슐레스비히홀슈타인에서의 모든 권리를 포기하였다. (ko)
Prinses Helena Augusta Victoria van het Verenigd Koninkrijk (Buckingham Palace, Londen, 25 mei 1846 – Schomberg House, Londen, 9 juni 1923), was een prinses van het Verenigd Koninkrijk. Ze was de derde dochter en het vijfde kind van koningin Victoria en prins-gemaal Albert van Saksen-Coburg en Gotha. Ze was daardoor een lid van het Brits Koninklijk huis. Helena werd opgevoed en kreeg haar opleiding van privéleraren uitgekozen door haar vader en diens goede vriend en adviseur, Baron Stockmar. Haar jeugd bracht ze door met haar ouders, en het reizen tussen de verschillende koninklijke residenties in Groot-Brittannië. De intieme sfeer aan het koninklijk hof kwam aan een einde op 14 december 1861, toen haar vader stierf, en de koninklijke familie in een periode van intense rouw terechtkwam. In het begin van de jaren 60 van de 19e eeuw, had Helena een flirt met Carl Ruland, de bibliothecaris van prins Albert. Ook al is de relatie altijd stilgehouden, de brieven die Helena naar Ruland schreef zijn bewaard gebleven. In 1863 kwam koningin Victoria achter deze affaire, daardoor moest Ruland het hof verlaten en keerde hij terug naar Duitsland. Drie jaar later op 5 juli 1866 huwde Helena met de verpauperde Duitser Christiaan van Sleeswijk-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg. Het koppel bleef in Groot-Brittannië wonen, dicht bij haar moeder de koningin. Dit kwam doordat Victoria graag haar dochters in de buurt wilde houden. Samen met haar jongere zus Beatrice, werd ze later een onofficiële secretaresse van de koningin. Hoe dan ook, na de dood van koningin Victoria op 22 januari 1901, zag ze weinig van haar nog levende broers en zussen. Helena was het meest actieve lid van de koninklijke familie, ze was druk met het uitvoeren van vele taken van de familie, ze had een uitgebreid programma van koninklijke verplichtingen in een tijd waarin er niet werd verwacht dat de koninklijke familie vaak in de openbaarheid verscheen. (nl)
Helena, właśc. Helena Augusta Victoria (ur. 25 maja 1846 w Londynie, zm. 9 czerwca 1923 tamże) – księżniczka Zjednoczonego Królestwa, księżna Szlezwika-Holsztynu. (pl)
Helena Augusta Vitória (em inglês: Helena Augusta Victoria; Londres, 25 de maio de 1846 – Londres, 9 de junho de 1923), foi a quinta filha, a terceira menina, da rainha Vitória do Reino Unido e de seu marido o príncipe Alberto de Saxe-Coburgo-Gota. Helena foi educada por professores particulares escolhidos por seu pai e por seu amigo e conselheiro o barão Christian Friedrich von Stockmar. Ela passou sua infância com os pais, viajando entre as várias residências reais. A atmosfera íntima da corte terminou abruptamente em dezembro de 1861 com a morte do príncipe Alberto, fazendo com que Vitória entrasse em um período de profundo luto. A princesa começou a flertar durante o início da década de 1860 com Carl Ruland, o bibliotecário germânico de seu pai. Apesar de ser desconhecida a verdadeira natureza da relação, existem algumas cartas românticas entre os dois. A rainha dispensou Ruland em 1863 ao descobrir sobre o caso. Helena se casou três anos depois em julho de 1866 com o empobrecido príncipe germânico Cristiano de Eslésvico-Holsácia. O casal ficou vivendo no Reino Unido, próximos da rainha, que gostava de manter suas filhas por perto. Helena e sua irmã mais nova a princesa Beatriz tornaram-se as secretárias extraoficiais de Vitória. Após a morte da mãe em janeiro de 1901, a princesa viu poucas vezes seus irmãos ainda vivos. Helena era o membro mais ativo da família real, realizando um extenso programa do compromissos durante uma época em que não esperado que a realeza aparecesse em público. Era também uma ativa patrona de organizações de caridade, sendo a presidente fundadora da Escola Real de Costura e presidente da Associação Real das Enfermeiras Britânicas. Como presidente da segunda, foi uma grande apoiadora do registro de enfermeiras. A princesa se tornou o primeiro membro da família real a celebrar um aniversário de cinquenta anos de casamento, porém seu marido morreu um ano depois em 1917. Helena viveu por mais seis anos e morreu em junho de 1923. (pt)
Helena av Storbritannien, född 25 maj 1846, död 9 juni 1923, var en brittisk prinsessa, dotter till Viktoria I av Storbritannien och Albert av Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha. Hon var en av Röda korsets grundare i Storbritannien och var president vid Royal School of Needlework och Royal British Nurses' Association och stödde registrering av sjuksköterskor mot Florence Nightingales förslag. Helena var den mest aktiva medlemmen i den brittiska kungafamiljen, utförde många representationsuppdrag och var engagerad i många projekt. Hon var från 1871 till 1901 moderns assisterande sekreterare, under sin syster Beatrice. (sv)
海伦娜公主，全名海伦娜·奥古斯塔·维多利亚（英語：Helena Augusta Victoria，1846年5月25日－1923年6月9日），是维多利亚女王与及阿尔伯特亲王的第五个孩子，也是第三个女儿。海伦娜公主嫁给了石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因-宗德堡-奥古斯腾堡公爵的次子。 (zh)
Еле́на Великобрита́нская (англ. Helena of the United Kingdom), также Еле́на Са́ксен-Ко́бург-Го́тская (англ. Helena of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha; 25 мая 1846, Лондон — 9 июня 1923, там же) — третья дочь британской королевы Виктории и её супруга Альберта Саксен-Кобург-Готского; в замужестве — принцесса Шлезвиг-Гольштейнская. Елена была воспитана частными наставниками, выбранными её отцом и его близким другом и советником бароном Стокмаром. Своё детство она провела с родителями, путешествуя по многочисленным королевским резиденциям Великобритании. Тёплая семейная атмосфера королевского двора исчезла в 1861 году со смертью её отца принца Альберта, когда королева Виктория начала период интенсивного траура. В начале 1860-х годов у принцессы завязались романтические отношения с Карлом Руландом, немецким библиотекарем принца Альберта. После того, как королева узнала об этих отношениях, в 1863 году она отказала Руланду в месте, и Руланд вернулся на родину в Германию. Три года спустя Елена вышла замуж за обедневшего немецкого принца Кристиана Шлезвиг-Гольштейнского. Пара осталась жить в Великобритании, и Елена вместе со своей младшей сестрой Беатрисой стала неофициальным секретарём королевы. Однако после смерти матери в 1901 году Елена мало виделась с братьями и сёстрами. Елена была наиболее активным членом королевской семьи, исполняя обширные королевские обязательства. Она была активным патроном благотворительных учреждений и одним из членов-учредителей награды «Королевского Красного креста», основала Королевскую школу рукоделия, а также была президентом Королевской ассоциации британских медсестёр. Елена стала первым членом королевской семьи, отпраздновавшим золотую свадьбу, однако, её муж умер всего год спустя. Елена пережила его на шесть лет и умерла в июне 1923 года в возрасте 77 лет. (ru)
Єлена Августа Вікторія Великобританська (англ. Helena Augusta Victoria of the United Kingdom), також Єлена Саксен-Кобург-Готська (англ. Helena of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha), (нар. 25 травня 1846 — пом. 9 червня 1923) — британська принцеса з Саксен-Кобург-Готської династії, донька королеви Великої Британії Вікторії та принца-консорта Альберта Саксен-Кобург-Готського, дружина принца Шлезвіг-Гольштейнського Крістіана. Перекладачка. Дама кількох орденів. (uk)
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The Marriage of Princess Helena with Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
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Buy The Marriage of Princess Helena with Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein by Unbekannt as fine art print. ✓ High-quality reproduction
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/favicon.svg
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MeisterDrucke
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https://www.meisterdrucke.uk/fine-art-prints/Unbekannt/702359/The-Marriage-of-Princess-Helena-with-Prince-Christian-of-Schleswig-Holstein.html
|
(The Marriage of Princess Helena with Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein...1866, 1901. )
Unbekannt
1901 · Picture ID: 702359 Nonclassified artists
The Marriage of Princess Helena with Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein by Unbekannt. Available as an art print on canvas, photo paper, watercolor board, uncoated paper or Japanese paper.
germany · building · female · woman · people · male · interior · event · religious · german · country · marriage · religion · british · castle · royal · chapel · wedding · fortifications · fortification · location · victorian · century · britain · inside · bride · groom · guest · guests · newspapers · press · royalty · princess · bridegroom · windsor castle · prince · getting married · 19th century · indoors · 1900s · 20th century · nineteenth century · illustrated london news · royal event · royal wedding · princess helena · newspaper · unknown · princess · christian · helena · schleswig-holstein · princess helena of the united kingdom · princess christian of sg-holste · princess christian of schleswig-holstein · wetting · helena augusta victoria · helena augusta victoria · christian · The Print Collector/Heritage Images
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29120
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yago
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http://openplaques.org/people/9204
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en
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Helena Augusta Victoria (1846-1923)
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Helena Augusta Victoria (1846-1923) historical plaques and markers
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Princess Helena of the United Kingdom VA CI GBE RRC (Helena Augusta Victoria; 25 May 1846 – 9 June 1923), later Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, was the third daughter and fifth child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Helena was educated by private tutors chosen by her father and his close friend and adviser, Baron Stockmar. Her childhood was spent with her parents, travelling between a variety of royal residences in Britain. The intimate atmosphere of the royal court came to an end on 14 December 1861, when her father died and her mother entered a period of intense mourning. Afterwards, in the early 1860s, Helena began a flirtation with Prince Albert's German librarian, Carl Ruland. Although the nature of the relationship is largely unknown, Helena's romantic letters to Ruland survive. After her mother discovered the flirtations, in 1863, she dismissed Ruland, who returned to his native Germany. Three years later, on 5 July 1866, Helena married the impoverished Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein. The couple remained in Britain, in calling distance of the queen, who liked to have her daughters nearby. Helena, along with her youngest sister, Princess Beatrice, became the queen's unofficial secretary. However, after Queen Victoria's death on 22 January 1901, Helena saw relatively little of her surviving siblings. Helena was the most active member of the royal family, carrying out an extensive programme of royal engagements. She was also an active patron of charities, and was one of the founding members of the British Red Cross. She was founding president of the Royal School of Needlework, and president of the Workhouse Infirmary Nursing Association and the Royal British Nurses' Association. As president of the latter, she was a strong supporter of nurse registration against the advice of Florence Nightingale. In 1916 she became the first member of her family to celebrate her 50th wedding anniversary, but her husband died a year later. Helena outlived him by six years, dying aged 77 in 1923.
DbPedia
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29120
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yago
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https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/M9XC-VK2/princess-helena-augusta-victoria-saxe-coburg-and-gotha-of-the-united-kingdom%252C-of-great-britain-and-ireland-1846-1923
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FamilySearch.org
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Discover your family history. Explore the world’s largest collection of free family trees, genealogy records and resources.
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29120
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yago
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1
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https://queenvictoriaroses.co.uk/2023/05/25/the-life-of-princess-helena/
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The life of Princess Helena
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2023-05-25T00:00:00
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At 4am on 25th May 1846, Queen Victoria was ‘taken ill’ at Buckingham Palace with her fifth labour. Eleven hours later, ‘a plump, good sized little girl was born’. The labour itself had been difficult for both mother and baby. In a letter, Albert described how the baby was born looking ‘quite blue’. She was…
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Queen.Victoria.Roses
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https://queenvictoriaroses.co.uk/2023/05/25/the-life-of-princess-helena/
|
At 4am on 25th May 1846, Queen Victoria was ‘taken ill’ at Buckingham Palace with her fifth labour. Eleven hours later, ‘a plump, good sized little girl was born’. The labour itself had been difficult for both mother and baby. In a letter, Albert described how the baby was born looking ‘quite blue’.
She was christened two months later on 25th July in the Private Chapel at Buckingham Palace. She was given the names Helena Augusta Victoria, although she was mostly known as “Lenchen” amongst close family, after the German name “Helechen”. Her godparents included: Frederick William, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz; Helen, Duchess of Orléans; and Princess Augusta, Duchess of Cambridge.
Growing up, Helena’s tomboyish nature – and complete disregard towards her appearance – made her perhaps the least dignified of the royal children. Like he older brother Prince Alfred, – with whom she shared a close bond – she was fearless and enjoyed exploring the great outdoors. She enjoyed going on walks, running, swimming and riding. While she was a decent artist, she had primarily inherited Albert’s practical mind and took a keen interest in mechanics and engineering – often heading below deck on yachting expeditions at Osborne. Unlike her two older sisters, Helena knew how to stand up for herself and wasn’t afraid to punch or get into fights with her brothers.
Helena’s life changed in 1861 with the deaths of her grandmother, the Duchess of Kent, and her father, Prince Albert. Having ‘adored papa’, Helena was devastated by his loss. In a letter to a friend she wrote that she ‘loved him more than anything on earth’. Just like her mother, she described her time with Albert as ‘the happiest hours of my life, and now it’s all over’.
From that point, Victoria had appointed her two eldest unmarried daughters to act as her unofficial secretary. However, Helena was unable to go long between tears and was deemed unreliable by her mother. Instead, Princess Louise filled her role until 1862. From then, her daily duties involved writing the Queen’s letters, helping her with political correspondence and providing her with companionship. During this time, Helena became romantically involved with her brothers tutor, Carl Ruland, who had previously served as her father’s librarian. When she found out in 1863, Queen Victoria lost all respect for previously praised Ruland and had had him dismissed back to his home in Germany.
Wanting to prevent it from happening again, Victoria began looking at suitors for Helena. As the middle child and deemed unpretty, her prospects remained low. Queen Victoria limited her choices more by commanding Helena to remain living nearby.
Eventually the Queen settled on Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein. Alexandra, Princess of Wales, was extremely against the match as the Schleswig-Holstein territory had belonged to her father before the Austro-Prussian War. Alexandra’s husband, Helena’s brother, was also against the match. Along with Princess Alice, he believed that the Queen was sacrificing Helena’s happiness for her own convenience. Christian was fifteen years older than the teenage Helena and even guests at the wedding said it looked like she was marrying an aging uncle! Christian himself was shocked at the suggestion, having originally thought the Queen was planning to marry him herself!
Despite the controversy, Helena was determined to marry Christian. Their engagement was announced on 5th December 1865 and they married exactly seven months later in the Private Chapel at Windsor Castle, on the 5th July 1866. The Prince of Wales almost refused to attend out for support for his wife but finally agreed after a heated discussion with Princess Alice. He and Queen Victoria walked Helena down the aisle, along with her right bridesmaids. The newly weds spent their first night at Osborne House before honeymooning in Paris, Interlaken and Genoa.
Upon their return to England, the couple took residence at Cumberland Lodge in Windsor Great Park and used the Belgian suite at Buckingham Palace whenever they were in London. Helena gave birth to their first child, Prince Christian Victor, on 14th April 1867. She want on to have a total of six children but Prince Harald only lived eight days and her final child was a stillborn son. Despite the heartbreak, Helena and Christian remained close.
Although they led a relatively peaceful life, Helena was the most active member of the royal family. She continued to support the Queen, attended official events and was also patron to multiple charities. She hosted free dinners in Windsor Guildhall for children and anyone that was unemployed. Her main passion was nursing and was one of the founding members of the British Red Cross in 1870. Through the France-Prussian war, she recruited nurses and prepared relief supplies for the wounded.
In 1872, she became the first president of the Royal School of Needlework. Her motives were not only to “revive a beautiful art”, but also to “provide employment for gentlewomen who were without means of a suitable livelihood”. Recognising the influence her title held, she played an active part in the running of the school and wrote to the Royal Commissioner asking for funds for a school building. She took charge as sales woman at the Christmas Bazaar in order to encourage more visitors and build more funds.
In her free time, the Princess enjoyed writing and particularly translating and publishing books. Although she translated her fathers letters for a biography by Sir Charles Grey, her first published piece was a translation of ‘The Memoirs of Whilhelmine of Bayreuth’. In 1883, she began translating and publishing the letters of Princess Alice, who had died in 1878. However, production was halted when German publisher, Dr Bergsträsser, demanded a lump sum compensation for copyright breech. Eventually, as Alice’s mother (and Queen), Victoria claimed copyright of the letters and a settlement was made. The first edition sold out almost instantly and a second was soon made with the addition of Helena’s memoirs of her sister.
Through all her work, Helena suffered miserably with her health. In 1869 she had to abandon a trip to Balmoral after falling ill at the station. She began struggling with rheumatism and later also congestion on her lungs. Through trying different treatments, she developed an addiction to opium and laudanum. Despite this, and a trip to a German eye surgeon, Queen Victoria still accused her daughter of being a hypochondriac.
When Queen Victoria died in January 1901, she was pushed out of court by the new King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra. Still resenting her choice in husband, Alexandra demanded that Helena be replaced as President of the Army Nursing Service. However, she was allowed to remain President of the Army Nursing Reserve.
Unlike before, she was rarely invited to royal events. In 1906, Helena travelled to Germany to represent the King at the silver wedding anniversary of Kaiser Wilhelm II and Auguste Victoria. Helena had always been close to her nephew, who despite fighting against Britain at the time, still sent her a congratulatory telegram on the event of her golden wedding anniversary in 1916.
In 1917, King George V retracted all German titles in the royal family. Helena therefore became known as Princess Christian. Just three months later, Christian died at Schomberg House, their home in Pall Mall, London. Helena was devastated by his death and spent her final years living with her two daughters: Princess Helena Victoria and Princess Marie Louise.
Having lived during three reigns and nursed soldiers through multiple wars, Helena died on 9th June 1923 at Schomberg House. She was aged just 77. She was buried at St George’s Chapel, Windsor, on 15th June. Five years later, Helena and her youngest son, Prince Harald, were moved to the Royal Burial Ground, Frogmore, on 23rd October 1828, where they were buried together.
Helena was one of the most influential of Queen Victoria’s children, yet she remains to be one of the most forgotten. I’d like to thank you for taking the time to read todays blog. If you have any questions, please feel free to leave them in the comments section below and I will do my best to try and answer. Don’t forget you subscribe for email updates about new posts. You can also follow Queen.Victoria.Roses on instagram and Facebook for daily posts about Queen Victoria, her family and reign!
This article is the intellectual property of Queen.Victoria.Roses and should not be COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances unless permission is given by the author
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https://www.facebook.com/BritishMonarchy.co.uk/photos/onthisday-5-july-1866princess-helena-married-prince-christian-of-schleswig-holst/1038943190934840/
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Sieh dir auf Facebook Beiträge, Fotos und vieles mehr an.
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Instagram
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https://people.com/royals/all-about-queen-victoria-children/
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Queen Victoria's 9 Children: Everything to Know
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[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Stephanie Kaloi",
"www.facebook.com"
] |
2022-11-15T12:02:22-05:00
|
Queen Victoria had nine kids with her husband, Prince Albert. Here's everything to know about Queen Victoria's children.
|
en
|
/favicon.ico
|
Peoplemag
|
https://people.com/royals/all-about-queen-victoria-children/
|
She's known as the teen queen of Britain, but Queen Victoria was also a mom.
Queen Victoria acceded to the throne in 1837 when she was 18 years old. As historian Daisy Goodwin told PEOPLE, this was a revelatory moment for the United Kingdom. Goodwin explained, "That is a huge deal. After a succession of old men, they had a teenage woman running the country." She and her husband, Prince Albert, had a true love match when they married in 1840, and the pair had nine children together.
Those nine children were a boon to the monarchy, as Victoria and Albert's family was appealing to the public. As Goodwin said, "Victoria and Albert made [the monarchy] respectable and popular — it had been neither of those things before they came to the throne. They had children, they were public servants — they were a model of bourgeois virtue, role models."
Victoria was a dedicated mother, and she even walked two of her daughters down the aisle following Prince Albert's death.
Here is everything to know about Queen Victoria's nine children.
Victoria, Princess Royal
Princess Victoria was born in November 1840 and was the eldest child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. At the time, the law stated that the oldest son would become monarch before any sister, even if she was born first.
Victoria and Albert were hands-on with their daughter, who the family called Vicky, and made sure she learned several languages as a child.
Princess Victoria wed Prince Frederick William of Prussia, who was nine years her senior, in January 1858 in England. Frederick later acceded to the throne of Prussia following the death of his uncle, King Frederick William IV, who had no children.
The Princess Royal gave birth to her oldest son, the future German Emperor Wilhelm II, in January 1859. The child suffered from nerve damage that left one of his arms smaller than the other.
After being diagnosed with inoperable breast cancer, Princess Victoria died in August 1901.
King Edward VII
Queen Victoria's eldest son, Edward VII, served as his mother's heir apparent for 60 years before acceding to the throne. He grew up under the strict rules of his mother and his father who wanted to ensure he would be capable of leading the Crown.
Victoria and Edward had a testy relationship at times; Albert died two weeks after he was sent to speak to Edward about a relationship the latter had with an actress, and Queen Victoria held her son partially responsible for his father's passing.
Edward VII married Princess Alexandra of Denmark in 1863 and had six children with her, five of whom survived to adulthood. Edward also pursued relationships outside his marriage, most famously with his mistress American actress Lillie Langtry.
He became King after Victoria died in January 1901. King Edward is credited with bringing life back to a monarchy, which had suffered following Albert's death 40 years prior.
Princess Alice of the United Kingdom
The second daughter of Victoria and Albert, Princess Alice joined the family in April 1843.
She married Louis, the Grand Duke of Hesse-Darmstadt in 1862. The two had seven children — and she would later become the great-grandmother to Prince Philip, Queen Elizabeth II's husband. Princess Alice was known for her commitment to philanthropic work, and she eventually became interested in nursing — and met and befriended Florence Nightingale.
Unfortunately, many of Alice's children contracted diphtheria and the Princess eventually caught the disease as well. She died on Dec. 14, 1878, the 17th anniversary of her father's death.
Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Prince Alfred arrived in August 1844. He joined the Navy in 1858, where he served for several years. After King Otto of Greece abdicated the throne in 1862, Prince Alfred was asked to accede to the Greek throne, a move that Queen Victoria was reportedly against.
In 1868, an Irishman named Henry James O'Farrell attempted to assassinate Prince Albert in Australia.
A few years later, Alfred married Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna, the daughter of the Russian emperor, in 1874 in St. Petersburg, though the couple would live in England. The pair welcomed several children together until Alfred's death in July 1900.
Princess Helena of the United Kingdom
Queen Victoria's fifth-born child and third daughter, Princess Helena was born in 1846 and was nicknamed Lenchen.
Helena married Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, who was 15 years older than her, in 1866. The two had five children together. In 1916, the couple celebrated their 50th wedding anniversary and were the first of Queen Victoria's children to do so, according to the Royal Collection Trust.
Princess Helena died in 1923.
Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll
Queen Victoria and Prince Albert welcomed their daughter Princess Louise in March 1848. Louise was described as a charming baby. Lady Augusta Bruce, one of the Queen's ladies, said she was "the delicious baby … a delight and beautiful creature."
Louise was artistic by nature, and she eventually attended classes at The National Art Training School and became the first member of the royal family to work as a public artist. She designed a full-size statue of her mother outside Kensington Palace as well as a memorial sculpture for the Boer War in St. Paul's Cathedral.
She married John Campbell, Marquis of Lorne, in March 1871, and the couple later spent time in Canada.
Princess Louise died in 1939, 25 years after her husband's death.
Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn
Prince Arthur was born in May 1850. He was said to be interested in the military from early on in his life, ultimately joining its ranks in 1866 when he enrolled at the Royal Military College. This was the beginning of a long career in the army, and the Prince served in South Africa, Canada, Ireland, Egypt and India.
He married Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia in March 1879, and the couple welcomed three children. Arthur was later appointed Governor General of Canada and died in January 1942.
Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany
Prince Leopold was born in April 1853, and he was named after King Leopold I of Belgium. Leopold was diagnosed with hemophilia a few years after his birth, having inherited the condition from Victoria's side of the family.
Leopold eventually married Princess Helene Friederike in 1882. They had two children together, although Leopold died in France before the birth of his second child in 1884.
Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom
Princess Beatrice was the youngest child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Unlike the rest of her siblings, she and her mother spent several years together following Albert's death and Beatrice was largely regarded as her mother's favorite.
Queen Victoria was opposed to Beatrice marrying at all, even ignoring news that her daughter planned to wed for months after it was announced. She eventually allowed Beatrice to marry Prince Henry of Battenberg as long as the two promised to continue to live with her.
Beatrice and Henry had four children together. After Henry died in 1896, Beatrice continued to live with her mother until Victoria's death. From that point, Beatrice moved to Carisbrooke Castle, where she opened a memorial to her husband. Beatrice died in 1944 and was buried next to her husband.
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29120
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yago
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1
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https://royal-magazin.de/england/helena-princess-christian/helena-princess-marriage.htm
|
en
|
Marriage presents Helena Princess Christian
|
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Wedding gifts | Marriage presents Helena Princess Christian | Schmuck zur Hochzeit, Hochzeitsgeschenke der Prinzessin Helena von Grossbritannien
| null |
Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
- a gold chain bracelet, with a large gold centre bearing the initials C. H. and a crown in rubies, sapphires and diamonds; the initials surrounded with diamonds, containing the miniature of His Royal Highness Prince Christian in uniform;
Prince and Princess of Wales
- a diamond bandeau and a ruby and diamond ring from the Prince of Wales; seen here>>
Duke of Edinburgh
- a very large diamond star, seen here >>;
Princesses Louise and Beatrice and Princes Arthur and Leopold
- two diamond stars which could be combined into a diadem; seen here >>
Princess Louis of Hesse, Princess Alice of Great Britain and Ireland
- a large crystal locket, in the shape of a heart, with the initials A. L. in diamonds and rubies in the center;
Dowager Queen of Denmark
- a large oval locket with a star of diamonds in the centre, containing the hair and miniature of the Queen Dowager;
Queen of Prussia
- an elastic gold band bracelet with a heart locket affixed, composed of lapis lazuli and diamonds;
Crown Princess of Prussia
- a ring composed of a large sapphire set in diamonds;
sisters of Prince Christian
- a locket representing a shamrock leaf, composed of emeralds with a large diamond; each leaf at back containing the miniature of one of Prince Christians sisters;
Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
- a ring composed of a large ruby set in diamonds, which was brought from England by Queen Caroline Matilda of Denmark, sister of King George III. And left to Prince Christian´s grandmother, who left it to his mother.
King of the Belgians
- a gold band bracelet with Souvenir in turquoise and a gold locket with a suspended turquoise and diamond heart;
Duke of Cambridge
- a gold bracelet, ornamented with pearls and emeralds;
Duchess of Cambridge
- a gold bracelet composed of amethysts and diamonds, surrounded with pearls;
Duchess of Mecklenburg
- a gold circular locket, with salve in diamonds on a blue enamel centre; a gold chain attached with lapis lazuli beads;
Princess Mary of Cambridge
- a crystal heart locket, ornamented with rubies and diamonds; a gold ribbon set in rubies and diamonds at the top;
Princess Marguerite of Orleans
- an oxidized silver bracelet, containing the miniature and hair of Princess Marguerite;
Comte de Paris and the Duc de Chartres
- a fan, painted in different compartments, and very richly mounted in carved ivory, with the initial H, which had been given to the late Duchess of Orleans (godmother to Princess Helena) in her Corbeil de Noces;
Princess Amélie of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
- a fan, with the portrait, surrounded with flowers, of Princess Amélie of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, painted by the Princess;
Prince and Princess of Leiningen
- a gold bracelet;
Archduchess Clotilde
- an oval locket, with pearls and diamonds, containing the miniature and hair of Princess Clotilde;
Her bridesmaids: Lady Margaret Scott, Lady Caroline Gordon Lennox, Lady Laura Phipps, Lady Albertha Hamilton, Lady Mary Fitzwilliam, Lady Alexandrina Murray, Lady Muriel Campbell and Lady Ernestine Edgcumbe
- a splendid pendent of different coloured diamonds was also described as an enamel locket in the Holbein style, enriched with various coloured brilliants, a black pearl centre and drop, and three white pearls in the border and as a richly-coloured enamel Holbein locket with pink, green and straw-coloured brilliants, a large black pearl centre, with a white pearl drop;
Duke and Duchess of Roxburgh
- a gold band bracelet, the centre composed of a large amethyst surrounded by an open-worked border of blue and white enamel and pearls;
Earl Granville
- an oval gold locket, with horseshoe of diamonds and sapphires;
Maharajah Dhuleep Singh
a gold armlet with band composed of diagonal lines of Oriental pearls and rubies while the centre ornament was composed of white enamel, Indian rubies and pearls, which could be removed and worn as a brooch;
Tumongong, Su-Maharajah of Jahore.
- magnificent enamel antique necklace, richly set with precious stones;
gifts to her fiancée from Queen Victoria included:
a silver service for the table consisting of a large centrepiece, two side-pieces and a set of candlesticks
Thank you Laura!
source:The Scotsman, 7 July 1866; The Times, 6, 7, 11 July 1866; Illustrated London News, July 21, 1866
Princess Helena of Great Britain | Hochzeit | Prinzessin Helena von Grossbritannien
Helena Princess Christian | Marriage | Prinzessin Helena von Schleswig-Holstein
Helena Princess Christian | Wedding Presents | Prinzessin Helena von Schleswig-Holstein
Jewels of Helena Princess Christian | Schmuck der Prinzessin Helena
Tiara and Pearl Jewels of Helena Princess Christian | Perlen und Diadem der Prinzessin
:::::
Queen Victoria | Königin Viktoria mit Diadem
Queen Mary´s Jewels | Königin Mary von England
Duchess of Fife | Louise Herzogin von Fife
Duchess of Argyll | Louise Herzogin von Argyll
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