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dbpedia
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https://www.isleofskye.com/skye-guide/history/macdonalds-of-sleat
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en
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MacDonalds of Sleat
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https://www.isleofskye.com/images/Graphics/favicon.ico
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"Somerled"
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The Scottish clan MacDonald has its home in Sleat, Isle of Skye. Clan MacDonald has a long history starting in the 12th century BC with warlord named Somerled.
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/images/Graphics/favicon.ico
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Clann Dòmhnaill Na Dòmhnallaich | Clan MacDonalds of Sleat
Per Mare Per Terras — by land by sea — is the motto of arguably one of the oldest, largest and most powerful Scottish families in history.
A simple rudder was one of the main reasons for Somerled’s successful command of Scotland’s north-western seaboard. He favoured the Hebridean Galley, a clinker-built vessel based on the Viking longboat, powered by oars and sails. What made this galley different from the longboat was the addition of a stern rudder which rendered the craft fast and manoeuvrable, perfect for raiding and transporting goods and men. These boats were instrumental in the MacDonalds command of the Hebrides until the coming of the mounted gun in the late 16th century.
Now Rìgh Innse Gall, King of the Isles, Somerled directed his maritime power from his base at Finlaggan on Islay. From there he kept the sea lanes clear between the Irish Sea and Europe and protected his warbands by setting up a chain of supply harbours guarded by forts across his 25,000-mile kingdom of islands and lochs.
The MacDonalds of Sleat
The story of Clan Donald of Sleat began with Ùisdean, or Hugh, the third son of Alexander of Islay and Somerled’s sixth great grandson. Ùisdean’s successors sculpted their history with murder, war and infighting as well as violent feuds with neighbouring families, namely the MacLeods of Dunvegan and the MacLeans of Duart.
Over the centuries, the MacDonalds established themselves as a strong and highly revered fighting force throughout the British isles and their presence helped to tip the balance in favour of their allies in many battles during the Jacobite Uprisings, the Napoleonic Wars, the American Wars, the Great War and World War II.
But not all MacDonalds over the centuries spoiled for a fight. Many favoured a civilian lifestyle and took to the aesthetic arts to become poets and musicians. Some became important statesmen, learned scholars, churchmen and humanitarians. Like their first forefather Somerled, poverty, famine, the Clearances, courage and intrepidness forced many to take to the waves and spread the family line across the globe to become one of the largest Scottish clans in the world.
Genealogy
Donald Gallach MacDonald (b c 1430) 3rd Baron MacDonald of Sleat, 4th clan chief.
Donald Grumach (Donald the Grim) (b c 1450) 4th Baron MacDonald, 5th clan chief.
Donald Gorm MacDonald (b c 1500), 5th Baron MacDonald, 6th clan chief.
Donald Gormson Sassunach MacDonald (b c 1522) 6th Baron MacDonald, 7th clan chief.
Donald Gorm Mor MacDonald (b c 1565), 7th Baron MacDonald, 8th clan chief.
Donald Gorm Og MacDonald (Sir Donald MacDonald) (b c 1546) 1st Baronet of Sleat.
Sir James Mor MacDonald (b c 1605) 10th Chief and 2nd Baronet.
Sir Donald MacDonald 11th chief Sleat MacDonald and 3rd Baronet.
Sir Donald MacDonald, 12th Chief of Sleat MacDonalds, 4th Baronet.
Sir Donald MacDonald 13th Chief of Sleat MacDonalds, 5th Baronet.
Sir James MacDonald of Oransay 14th Chief of Sleat MacDonalds and 6th Baronet.
Sir Alexander MacDonald 15th Chief of Sleat MacDonalds, 7th Baronet.
Sir James MacDonald, 16th Chief of Sleat MacDonalds, 8th Baronet.
Sir Alexander MacDonald (1745), 17th chief, 9th Baronet and 1st Baron MacDonald.
Sir Alexander Wentworth MacDonald (1773), 18th chief, 2nd Baron MacDonald.
Sir Godfrey Macdonald, 3rd Baron MacDonald of Sleat (1775), 19th chief, 3rd Baron MacDonald.
Godfrey William Wentworth Bosville-Macdonald (1809), 20th chief, 4th Baron MacDonald.
Hon. Somerled (Samuel) James Brudenell MacDonald (1849), 21st chief 5th Baron MacDonald.
Sir Ronald Archibald MacDonald (1853), 22nd chief of Sleat Macdonalds 6th Baron MacDonald.
Sir Alexander Somerled MacDonald (1917), 23rd chief of Sleat Macdonalds, 7th Baron MacDonald.
Sir Godfrey James MacDonald (1947), 8th Lord MacDonald, Chief of the Name and Arms of Macdonald, High Chief of Clan Donald and 24th hereditary chief of Clan Donald.
Sir Ian Godfrey Bosville MacDonald (1947) 25th Chief of Sleat Macdonalds.
Moments in History
Land in Hand
According to ancient legend, Somerled’s grandson Donald won the lands on Skye in a very unusual way. Sailing towards the Trotternish peninsula in his galley, Donald engaged in a contest with rival clans to win the enemy’s land. Whoever’s hand touched the shore first would own the land in perpetuity. The canny Donald, eager to win the coveted prize, is said to have taken out his dirk, sliced off his own hand and hurled it onto the shore near Bornesketaig, securing the land for his descendants.
Bitter Rivalry
The blood of the fallen MacDonalds of Sleat and MacLeods of Dunvegan has painted centuries of Skye’s history red.
During the late 16th century, as an offering of peace to end the long feud between the two clans, MacLeod chieftain, Rory Mòr, offered his sister’s hand in marriage to Donald Gorm.
This was a “handfast” arrangement meaning that, should the intended betrothed not bear a male heir in the first year and a day of living together, then the contract would no longer be valid. A year and a day came and went with no heir in sight and poor Margaret appears to have lost an eye during that time. Donald Gorm sent her back to her brother at Dunvegan Castle tied backwards to a one-eyed horse, with a one-eyed servant and even managed to find a one-eyed dog to add to the entourage. So incensed by the brazen insult, Rory took up arms once again against the MacDonalds and the ensuing battles came to be known as the Wars of the One-Eyed woman.
During these wars, Donald Gorm invaded Trotternish, at that time held by the MacLeods, in an effort to extend his lands in the north. The Battle of Trouternes is aptly named the Battle of Achadh na Fala (field of blood). The fight took place on the banks of the Snizort River at Skeabost, which bordered the territories of the two rival clans. It was said the victorious Donald Gorm cut off the heads of the fallen MacLeods and threw them into the water. As they bobbed out to sea, the heads got caught in the yair at the river’s mouth and to this day that place is known as Coirre-nan-Ceann, “the Yair of the Heads".
After his success over Trotternish, MacDonald took up home in Duntulm Castle but could not rest until he had a decisive victory.
The Battle of Coire Na Creiche took place in 1601 on the slopes of the Black Cuillin ridge, the site of Skye’s famous Fairy Pools. This would be the last Scottish clan battle ever to be fought on the Island. MacDonald defeated and captured Alasdair MacLeod and 30 of his clansmen but his success came at a high price. The fighting raged throughout the day and night and it is said the river, Allt Coir a ‘Mhadaidh, ran red with the blood of both kinsmen.
In fact, the battle had been so violent that the Privy Council decided to step in between the rivals and forced them to negotiate terms of peace. The two families never took up arms against each other again and it was also ruled that Margaret MacLeod was to take “such civil action against Donald Gorme as she might be advised to do".
High spirits at Duntulm
For centuries, Duntulm Castle, “the once dwelling of a king”, served as the seat of Clan Donald. This imposing fortress, now a ruin, lies to the north of Staffin perched on a cliff between a sheer drop into the Sound of Sleat on one side and a deep chasm on the landward side. It was home to The Clan since the days of Donald Gorm but was abandoned in 1732, when Sir Alexander MacDonald built a new house at Monkstadt. The family allegedly fled their ancestral home because of a ghost.
Duntulm, with its history of violence, is said to be haunted by many restless souls.
Donald Gorm: The ghost of this belligerent chief can sometimes be heard challenging his invisible enemies to fight.
Hugh MacDonald: Hugh was cousin to Donald Gorm and his ambition to appropriate Donald’s lands through murder came to an abrupt and terrible end when his letter to an assassin fell into the intended victim’s hands. The plot thwarted, Hugh fled to Dun an Sticir in North Uist but was captured and thrown into Duntulm dungeon. Donald Gorm exacted his revenge by leaving Hugh to die in his black prison, tormented with only a plate of salty beef and an empty water pitcher to keep him company. The thirsty Hugh went mad before he died and his ghostly piercing wails can still surprise visitors to the ruins.
The nursemaid: The seannachies tell the sad tale of the nursemaid who was charged with looking after the son of Donald Gorm. On her watch, the child allegedly fell from the window onto the rocks far below. The laird, in his fury and grief, ordered the nursemaid to be cast adrift on the Atlantic in a boat full of holes. Shortly after the deed was done, one of the castle’s staff saw a white cloth hanging from the rocks and inside it, the baby was found safe and well.
One-eyed Margaret: Another regular ghostly apparition to stalk the castle ruins is that of the hapless one-eyed Margaret MacLeod.
Over the Sea to Skye
Not all MacDonald’s were staunch supporters of the Jacobite cause. During the ’45 Rising, the exiled prince Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Sylvester Severino Maria Stuart, landed on Eriskay in 1745, raised the Stewart standard at Glenfinnan and called the Jacobites to arms. His aim: to reclaim the Scottish throne. Many of the MacDonald septs rallied to his call, but not Sir Alexander MacDonald of Sleat, who was a staunch supporter of King George II. Unbeknown to Alexander, his wife Margaret’s loyalties were to the opposing side. It was Margaret’s niece and many other Sleat MacDonalds and Scottish clansmen who would eventually become famous for saving the life of Bonnie Prince Charlie and enabling his safe passage back to France.
When Bonnie Prince Charlie fled from his defeat at Culloden in April 1746, the Government put a bounty on his head at £30,000. Fleeing across the Scottish moors and mountains, with Government troops in close pursuit, the young prince eventually came to the western shores where he boarded a boat to Skye disguised as Flora MacDonald’s handmaiden, Betty Burke. Thanks to the help of loyal supporters, the defeated prince eventually managed to sail to France from Loch nan Uamh in Lochaber.
The Clan Today
War, the wrong alliances, poverty, lavish lifestyles, emigration and forfeiture gradually narrowed the borders of Somerled’s mighty sea kingdom and, in 1971, the last lands of The Clan chiefs were put on the market.
The ruined shell of Armadale Castle represents the last stronghold of the MacDonalds of Sleat and the mansion house, together with its 20,000 acres of land were bought by the Clan Donald Lands Trust as a heritage site for MacDonalds across the globe.
The diaspora of MacDonalds over the years led to many emigrant communities being set up in the New World and, in the early 1700s, whole communities are said to have boarded ships bound for Auistralia, New Zealand, Canada and the USA. North Carolina was one of the favoured destinations for Skye settlers, as well as Georgia and New York. Thriving Gaelic communities also began in Canada, in particular the Glendale Settlement on Prince Edward Island and the Cape North Area of Cape Breton, and today still maintain their strong ties to the homeland.
In 2002, the Museum of the Isles was opened at Armadale and holds a wealth of information on the family name that lies at the very heart of Gaeldom.
Heraldry
Clann Dòmhnaill, Na Dòmhnallaich
Motto
Per Mare per Terras (Air muir's tir, Gaelic) (By Land by Sea, English)
Crest
Quarterly, 1st, argent, a lion rampant gules, armed and langued azure; 2nd; Or, a hand in armour fessways holding a cross-crosslet fitchee gules; 3rd, Or, a lymphad sails furled and oars in action sable, Flagged gules; 4th, vert, a salmon naiant in fess proper, over all on an escutcheon en surtout, Or, an eagle displayed gules surmounted of a lymphad sails furled, oars in action sable (as Chief of the Name and Arms of Macdonald).
Translation
1st quarter, silver, a lion rearing red, tongue, claws and teeth bright blue; 2nd quarter, gold, a hand in armour horizontal holding a small burning cross red; 3rd quarter, Gold a one-masted galley sails furled and oars in action black, flag red; 4th quarter, green a salmon swimming horizontal in its natural state; placed over all quarters on a shield, Gold an eagle with wings spread red overlaid by a one-masted galley sails furled, oars in action black (as Chief of the Name and Arms MacDonald).
Badge
Fraoch Gorm or Common Heath.
Tartans
MacDonald of the Isles, MacDonald of Sleat.
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https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/masterpiece/specialfeatures/8-things-to-know-about-the-real-james-herriot/
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8 Things to Know About the Real James Herriot
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2024-01-08T15:11:01+00:00
|
Discover some intriguing facts about the real veterinarian depicted in All Creatures Great and Small.
|
en
|
Masterpiece
|
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/masterpiece/specialfeatures/8-things-to-know-about-the-real-james-herriot/
|
James Herriot is the pen name of James Alfred (“Alf”) Wight, Yorkshire veterinarian and bestselling author. Watching or reading his All Creatures Great and Small, we feel like we understand Herriot intimately, but what do we really know about the man behind the stories? From what the Queen told him over lunch, to his occasional bouts of depression, and a serious weakness for dogs, learn some intriguing facts about this talented yet humble family man.
1.
He Started Writing at Age 50
Wight’s early ambitions to author a book were sidelined by the long hours demanded of a rural vet. He finally began a manuscript in 1965 after some persuading by his wife. When Wight found spare time in the evenings, he’d chronicle his experiences “in front of my TV set. I could thoroughly enjoy the telly and bash away at the typewriter,” he told The Chicago Tribune.
Publishers turned down his first attempts, but one of their readers suggested he write in the first person since the stories were based on real life. Wight eagerly revised his book and by 1968, he published If Only They Could Talk under the pseudonym James Herriot. (In the US, this and an ensuing book were paired and published as All Creatures Great and Small.) Despite the fame that eventually came his way, The Washington Post reports Alf Wight once said, “If a farmer calls me with a sick animal, he couldn’t care less if I were George Bernard Shaw.”
2.
Legions of Fans Called at His Veterinary Practice
By the late 1970s, James Herriot was becoming a household name, his books each selling more than a million copies. “Throngs of tourists had begun turning up at [the practice], with queues snaking down the street on the two afternoons our father set aside to sign books,” said Wight’s children in an interview with the Express (UK). “Dad felt he owed as much to his fans, especially those who had traveled from as far away as the US to see him. While visitors were principally there to see the real James Herriot, and were often overcome with excitement to meet him, they were also delighted if Donald Sinclair (better known to them as Siegfried) made an appearance.”
“Literally thousands of them come to the surgery,” Alf Wight himself told The Chicago Tribune in 1968. “I see them at 2:45 on Wednesdays and Fridays, and rattle my dog charity box [to benefit a dog sanctuary] at them. They’re very generous people. I make about £ 100 a time.”
3.
Queen Elizabeth was an Admirer
With literary fame came an invitation for Alf Wight to join Her Majesty for lunch. “Over a private [meal] at Buckingham Palace, she told [him] his were ‘the only books that have made me repeatedly laugh out loud,’” the author’s children tell the Daily Mail (UK).
Another royal encounter came in 1979 when Wight was 62. He was awarded Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE), “Queen’s Honours List” for services to veterinary sciences. “Dad said to me, ‘I’ve got this OBE, but I don’t think it’s due to my writing at all,’” his son Jim Wight told The Bridgehead Radio. “I got it because I put so much [tax] money into Her Majesty’s coffers!”
4.
He Struggled with Depression
For a man who delivered such uplifting stories, it’s a surprise to learn from his son, Jim Wight, that the vet and author suffered from depression at times, and especially after the 1960 death of his father. Jim Wight wrote frankly about these periods of sadness in his book, The Real James Herriot: A Memoir of my Father and told the Daily Mail (UK) in 2010, “My dad had a wonderfully happy life, but it was one that included little periods of depression, or whatever you like to call it. … He couldn’t describe it as anything other than ‘overwhelming melancholy’.”
Both Wight’s children Jim and Rosie were interviewed by the Daily Mail (UK) in 2020, noting that “the causes of [his] illness were difficult to determine. … And [they] are rightly proud of the way [he dealt with it] … while continuing to work, [and] without it allowing to impinge on their lives.” And as daughter Rosie, herself a doctor says, “You don’t necessarily have to be unhappy when you suffer an endogenous depression.”
5.
He was a Serial Dog Lover
Wight was never without a dog, according to a conversation he had with The Chicago Tribune in 1968. He was given an Irish Setter as a boy, naming the pup Don. His wife brought a beagle named Sam into Wight’s adult life and the creature sat by the vet’s side during lonely drives out to remote farms. After Sam, two dogs joined the family at once: Dan, a black Labrador, and a Jack Russell terrier named Hector. According to 1968’s collection of James Herriot’s Dog Stories, Hector “was never still … and would peer through the windscreen and seem to take in everything that we passed, [while Dan] … would stretch out on the passenger seat, his head on my knee.” The author’s last dog was a Border terrier called Bodie, “a bit of a screwball—in a nice way,” Wight told The Chicago Tribune.
6.
He Worked as a Vet for a Half Century
Wight worked at his profession full time between 1940 and 1980, save two-and-a-half years’ service during WW2. He then proceeded to help out at the practice part-time through 1989. “People often ask me when my father actually retired from veterinary work,” Jim Wight tells the Daily Mail (UK). “That always has me scratching my head. He never really did. He kept coming in, even though he wasn’t taking a penny in pay. He just did it because he loved it.”
Alf Wight practiced alongside brothers Donald and Brian Sinclair (Siegfried and Tristan Farnon in the books), then a string of different students and assistants, and finally, his own son starting in 1967. After close to half a century caring for animals—long after his initial celebrity—Wight fully retired at age 73. The veterinary practice is still an ongoing enterprise.
7.
There's a Train Named "James Herriot"
Along with tributes including a veterinary library at his alma mater Glasgow Veterinary College named for him, the World of James Herriot museum, and an annual award from The Humane Society of the USA, the author even has a train named in his honor. The “James Herriot” is a British Rail Class 180 passenger train, traveling from his birthplace of Sunderland, England to London King’s Cross, with a call at Thirsk (represented as Darrowby in the books), according to The Northern Echo, a local Yorkshire newspaper.
8.
His Books Have Never Been Out of Print
The James Herriot books have never been out of print since their 1970 debut. They have sold over 80 million copies worldwide according to Macmillan Publishers, been translated into 36 languages according to the Daily Mail (UK), and adapted for film and television. For someone who started with practically nothing, this legacy is a massive achievement. Providing an image of veterinarians as caring for both people and animals, the stories have inspired many to become vets themselves. His focus on the importance of community in our lives gives Alf Wight’s work an enduring power and contemporary resonance.
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https://www.frenchfunerals.com/obituaries/james-donald-smith
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en
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James Donald Smith Obituary 2023
|
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2023-11-27T15:45:07
|
James Donald Smith, 85, passed away peacefully at his home on November 12, 2023. He was a beloved Catholic, Husband, Father, Grandfather, Partner and a respected businessman.Jam...
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en
|
https://cdn.filestackcontent.com/tZrKicxpRSiAVYiyW2VZ
|
French Funerals & Cremations
|
https://www.frenchfunerals.com/obituaries/james-donald-smith
|
James Donald Smith, 85, passed away peacefully at his home on November 12, 2023. He was a beloved Catholic, Husband, Father, Grandfather, Partner and a respected businessman.
James (Jim) was preceded in death by his wife of 50 years Delores Smith. He is survived by his three daughters and son-in-laws; Kelly and Vaughn, Karie and Winton, and Karla and Man and his five grandchildren Kale, Kyra, Cameron, Karson and Sena.
He was blessed to share many years with Dorothy Parker and her four children; Patti, Mici Yvette, Richard, Micheal, Laurie and their extended families.
Jim was born in Thomas, South Dakota where his mother of 103, brother Rick and his wife Karen still reside.
As a young Civil Engineer Jim moved his family to Santa Fe, New Mexico where he worked with the NM Department of Transportation for many years. Once settled in Albuquerque, he continued to contribute to the engineering community by not only designing many of the state highways and local roads but also designing the Juan Tabo Dam for AMAFCA; lead engineer and design member of Tanoan Communities; an active member in Albuquerque Economic Development; and eventually retiring at the age of 80 as Vice President and Senior Engineer with Souder, Miller & Associates. Jim believed in New Mexico and serving the community but his greatest legacy was kindness, patience, encouragement and integrity that he practiced daily.
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https://www.themoviedb.org/person/12250-james-donald%3Flanguage%3Den-US
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en
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James Donald
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James Donald (* 18. Mai 1917 in Aberdeen, Schottland; † 3. August 1993 in Wiltshire, England) war ein schottischer Schauspieler. James Donald wurde im schottischen Aberdeen geboren und begann seine professionelle Schauspielkarriere etwa Ende der 1930er-Jahre. Den Durchbruch erlebte er 1943 durch seinen hochgelobten Auftritt in Noël Cowards Stück Present Laughter. Außerdem spielte er auch in Stücken von William Shakespeare, George Bernhard Shaw und Jean Cocteau.
Obwohl seine Karriere vor allem dem Theater gewidmet war, erreichte Donald auch Bekanntheit als Schauspieler in Film und Fernsehen, wobei er meistens etwas humorlose, aber meist anständige Respektspersonen in Nebenrollen verkörperte. Bereits während des Zweiten Weltkriegs hatte er kleinere Rollen in einigen Propaganda-Militärfilmen. Doch erst nach dem Krieg erhielt Donald auch im Film größere Rollen, so als Theo van Gogh in Vincente Minnellis Filmobiografie Vincent van Gogh – Ein Leben in Leidenschaft (1954) mit Kirk Douglas. Donalds wohl bekannteste Filmrolle war der britische Militärarzt Major Clipton in David Leans Kriegsepos Die Brücke am Kwai (1957), wobei er den berühmten Schlusssatz des Filmes („Madness! Madness!“) ausrief. Nach Die Brücke am Kwai spielte Donald auch noch in zwei weiteren Filmen, die die Gefangenschaft von Soldaten während des Zweiten Weltkrieges zum Thema hatten: Gesprengte Ketten (1963) und Sie nannten ihn King (1965). In einigen kleineren Filmen übernahm Donald auch Hauptrollen, bekannt von diesen Filmen ist heute vor allem noch der Science-Fiction-Thriller Das grüne Blut der Dämonen. Er spielte auch in vielen britischen Fernsehserien und Fernsehfilmen.
|
de
|
/assets/2/apple-touch-icon-57ed4b3b0450fd5e9a0c20f34e814b82adaa1085c79bdde2f00ca8787b63d2c4.png
|
The Movie Database
|
https://www.themoviedb.org/person/12250-james-donald
|
James Donald (* 18. Mai 1917 in Aberdeen, Schottland; † 3. August 1993 in Wiltshire, England) war ein schottischer Schauspieler. James Donald wurde im schottischen Aberdeen geboren und begann seine professionelle Schauspielkarriere etwa Ende der 1930er-Jahre. Den Durchbruch erlebte er 1943 durch seinen hochgelobten Auftritt in Noël Cowards Stück Present Laughter. Außerdem spielte er auch in Stücken von William Shakespeare, George Bernhard Shaw und Jean Cocteau.
Obwohl seine Karriere vor allem dem Theater gewidmet war, erreichte Donald auch Bekanntheit als Schauspieler in Film und Fernsehen, wobei er meistens etwas humorlose, aber meist anständige Respektspersonen in Nebenrollen verkörperte. Bereits während des Zweiten Weltkriegs hatte er kleinere Rollen in einigen Propaganda-Militärfilmen. Doch erst nach dem Krieg erhielt Donald auch im Film größere Rollen, so als Theo van Gogh in Vincente Minnellis Filmobiografie Vincent van Gogh – Ein Leben in Leidenschaft (1954) mit Kirk Douglas. Donalds wohl bekannteste Filmrolle war der britische Militärarzt Major Clipton in David Leans Kriegsepos Die Brücke am Kwai (1957), wobei er den berühmten Schlusssatz des Filmes („Madness! Madness!“) ausrief. Nach Die Brücke am Kwai spielte Donald auch noch in zwei weiteren Filmen, die die Gefangenschaft von Soldaten während des Zweiten Weltkrieges zum Thema hatten: Gesprengte Ketten (1963) und Sie nannten ihn King (1965). In einigen kleineren Filmen übernahm Donald auch Hauptrollen, bekannt von diesen Filmen ist heute vor allem noch der Science-Fiction-Thriller Das grüne Blut der Dämonen. Er spielte auch in vielen britischen Fernsehserien und Fernsehfilmen.
James Donald (* 18. Mai 1917 in Aberdeen, Schottland; † 3. August 1993 in Wiltshire, England) war ein schottischer Schauspieler. James Donald wurde im schottischen Aberdeen geboren und begann seine professionelle Schauspielkarriere etwa Ende der 1930er-Jahre. Den Durchbruch erlebte er 1943 durch seinen hochgelobten Auftritt in Noël Cowards Stück Present Laughter. Außerdem spielte er auch in Stücken von William Shakespeare, George Bernhard Shaw und Jean Cocteau.
Obwohl seine Karriere vor allem dem Theater gewidmet war, erreichte Donald auch Bekanntheit als Schauspieler in Film und Fernsehen, wobei er meistens etwas humorlose, aber meist anständige Respektspersonen in Nebenrollen verkörperte. Bereits während des Zweiten Weltkriegs hatte er kleinere Rollen in einigen Propaganda-Militärfilmen. Doch erst nach dem Krieg erhielt Donald auch im Film größere Rollen, so als Theo van Gogh in Vincente Minnellis Filmobiografie Vincent van Gogh – Ein Leben in Leidenschaft (1954) mit Kirk Douglas. Donalds wohl bekannteste Filmrolle war der britische Militärarzt Major Clipton in David Leans Kriegsepos Die Brücke am Kwai (1957), wobei er den berühmten Schlusssatz des Filmes („Madness! Madness!“) ausrief. Nach Die Brücke am Kwai spielte Donald auch noch in zwei weiteren Filmen, die die Gefangenschaft von Soldaten während des Zweiten Weltkrieges zum Thema hatten: Gesprengte Ketten (1963) und Sie nannten ihn King (1965). In einigen kleineren Filmen übernahm Donald auch Hauptrollen, bekannt von diesen Filmen ist heute vor allem noch der Science-Fiction-Thriller Das grüne Blut der Dämonen. Er spielte auch in vielen britischen Fernsehserien und Fernsehfilmen.
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1
| 82 |
https://www.pickone.co.uk/james-donald-cv
|
en
|
CV — PickOne
|
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6024b19f52cb0b327fe97a2a/df44def4-506f-4a98-82de-7a78f04d18c2/favicon.ico
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https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6024b19f52cb0b327fe97a2a/df44def4-506f-4a98-82de-7a78f04d18c2/favicon.ico
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PickOne
|
https://www.pickone.co.uk/james-donald-cv
|
About
PickOne is a creative company owned and operated by myself, James Donald. Currently based in Edinburgh, I trained at Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art & Design in Dundee and set up PickOne in 1997.
I am primarily a weaver using Scottish based materials including lamb's wool, Shetland wool and other locally-sourced fibres. Through diversification I do from time to time have other related products for sale.
For a number of years I have developed a teaching practice in weave and currently run weekend weave workshops as well as evening classes. PickOne is also developing an open-access studio in which weavers can hire equipment, specifically a 32-shaft Megado with two beams plus studio space on a month by month basis.
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3199
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dbpedia
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1
| 94 |
https://www.ssdt.org.uk/findings/law-society-v-james-buchanan-donald/
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en
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Law Society-v-James Buchanan Donald
|
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Scottish Solicitors’ Discipline Tribunal
|
https://www.ssdt.org.uk/findings/law-society-v-james-buchanan-donald/
|
Edinburgh 6th May 2008. The Tribunal having considered the undated Complaint at the instance of the Council of the Law Society of Scotland against James Buchanan Donald,10 Sandalwood Drive, Inverness; Find the Respondent guilty of professional misconduct in respect of his purporting to notarise the Affidavit of a client outwith her presence and his tendering the same as evidence in a Sheriff Court Case and his forging and uttering the signature of an Executrix; Censure the Respondent; Fine the Respondent £5000 to be forfeit to her Majesty and Direct in terms of Section 53 (5) of the Solicitors (Scotland) Act 1980 that any practising certificate held or to be issued to the Respondent shall be for an aggregate period of 3 years subject to (One) a condition that he not act as a Notary Public and (Two) subject to such restriction as will limit him to acting as a qualified assistant to (and to being supervised by) such employer or successive employers as may be approved by the Council of the Law Society of Scotland or the Practising Certificate Committee of the Council of the Law Society of Scotland; Find the Respondent liable in the expenses of the Complainers and in the expenses of the Tribunal as the same may be taxed by the auditor of the Court of Session on an agent and client indemnity basis in terms of Chapter Three of the last published Law Society’s Table of Fees for general business with a unit rate of £11.85; and Direct that publicity will be given to this decision and that this publicity should include the name of the Respondent.
Kenneth Robb
Vice-Chairman
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https://www.lincolnlandcs.com/obituaries/James-Donald-Wester%3FobId%3D23469925
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Lincoln Land Cremation Society
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https://www.lincolnlandcs.com:443/
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https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/james_donald
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James Donald
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Explore the filmography of James Donald on Rotten Tomatoes! Discover ratings, reviews, and more. Click for details!
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https://www.rottentomatoes.com/assets/pizza-pie/images/favicon.ico
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Rotten Tomatoes
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https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/james_donald
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The film career of Scotsman James Donald began in earnest with the role of Theo Van Gogh, opposite Kirk Douglas as Vincent, in the 1956 biopic "Lust for Life." Two years later, he had another one of his more famous film opportunities alongside Douglas once again, this time as a manly rather than a sensitive sibling in the 1958 adventure "The Vikings." But it was the movie that Donald made in between, David Lean's timeless wartime drama "Bridge on the River Kwai," that forever stamped the Scot in the cinematic consciousness. At the end of epic battle between the characters played by Alec Guinness and William Holden, it was Donald as Major Clipton who got to utter the famous final line of dialogue, "Madness. Madness!" In 1963, Donald was part of another one of the great World War II movies of all-time, "The Great Escape," starring as Group Captain Ramsey, the senior British officer interned in the German POW camp at the center of the fact-inspired Steve McQueen classic. Some of the actor's other performances of note include yet another World War II POW film, 1965's "King Rat," set in Singapore, and the co-starring role of Nathaniel Winkle in a 1952 version of Charles Dickens' "The Pickwick Papers."
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Leader de la généalogie en France et en Europe : publiez votre arbre généalogique et recherchez vos ancêtres dans la première base de données généalogique.
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Il semblerait que vous ayez désactivé Javascript
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Kings and Queens of Scotland
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Kings and Queens of Scotland from 1005 to the Union of the Crowns in 1603, when James VI succeeded to the throne of England.
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Historic UK
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https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofScotland/Kings-Queens-of-Scotland/
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Kings and Queens of Scotland from 1005 to the Union of the Crowns in 1603, when James VI succeeded to the throne of England.
Celtic kings from the unification of Scotland
1005: Malcolm II (Mael Coluim II). He acquired the throne by killing Kenneth III (Cinaed III) of a rival royal dynasty. Attempted to expand his kingdom southwards with a notable victory at the Battle of Carham, Northumbria in 1018. He was driven north again in 1027 by Canute (Cnut the Great) the Dane, the Danish king of England. Malcolm died on 25th November 1034, according to one account of the time he was “killed fighting bandits”. Leaving no sons he named his grandson Duncan I, as his successor.
1034: Duncan I (Donnchad I). Succeeded his grandfather Malcolm II as King of the Scots. Invaded northern England and besieged Durham in 1039, but was met with a disastrous defeat. Duncan was killed during, or after, a battle at Bothganowan, near Elgin, on 15th August, 1040.
1040: Macbeth. Acquired the throne after defeating Duncan I in battle following years of family feuding. He was the first Scottish king to make a pilgrimage to Rome. A generous patron of the church it is thought he was buried at Iona, the traditional resting place of the kings of the Scots.
1057: Malcolm III Canmore (Mael Coluim III Cenn Mór). Succeeded to the throne after killing Macbeth and Macbeth’s stepson Lulach in an English-sponsored attack. William I (The Conqueror) invaded Scotland in 1072 and forced Malcolm to accept the Peace of Abernethy and become his vassal.
1093: Donald III Ban. Son of Duncan I he seized the throne from his brother Malcolm III and made the Anglo-Normans very unwelcome at his court. He was defeated and dethroned by his nephew Duncan II in May 1094
1094: Duncan II. Son of Malcolm III. In 1072 he had been sent to the court of William I as a hostage. With the help of an army supplied by William II (Rufus) he defeated his uncle Donald III Ban. His foreign supporters were detested. Donald engineered his murder on 12 November 1094.
1094: Donald III Ban (restored). In 1097 Donald was captured and blinded by another of his nephews, Edgar. A true Scottish nationalist, it is perhaps fitting that this would be the last king of the Scots who would be laid to rest by the Gaelic Monks at Iona.
1097: Edgar. Eldest son of Malcolm III. He had taken refuge in England when his parents died in 1093. Following the death of his half-brother Duncan II, he became the Anglo-Norman candidate for the Scottish throne. He defeated Donald III Ban with the aid of an army supplied by William II. Unmarried, he was buried at Dunfermline Priory in Fife. His sister married Henry I in 1100.
1107: Alexander I. The son of Malcolm III and his English wife St. Margaret. Succeeded his brother Edgar to the throne and continued the policy of ‘reforming’ the Scottish Church, building his new priory at Scone near Perth. He married the illegitimate daughter of Henry I. He died childless and was buried in Dunfermline.
1124: David I. The youngest son of Malcolm III and St. Margaret. A modernising king, responsible for transforming his kingdom largely by continuing the work of Anglicisation begun by his mother. He seems to have spent as much time in England as he did in Scotland. He was the first Scottish king to issue his own coins and he promoted the development of towns at Edinburgh, Dunfermline, Perth, Stirling, Inverness and Aberdeen. By the end of his reign his lands extended over Newcastle and Carlisle. He was almost as rich and powerful as the king of England, and had attained an almost mythical status through a ‘Davidian’ revolution.
1153: Malcolm IV (Mael Coluim IV). Son of Henry of Northumbria. His grandfather David I persuaded the Scottish Chiefs to recognise Malcolm as his heir to the throne, and aged 12 he became king. Recognising ‘that the King of England had a better argument by reason of his much greater power’, Malcolm surrendered Cumbria and Northumbria to Henry II. He died unmarried and with reputation for chastity, hence his nickname ‘the Maiden’.
1165: William the Lion. Second son of Henry of Northumbria. After a failed attempt to invade Northumbria, William was captured by Henry II. In return for his release, William and other Scottish nobles had to swear allegiance to Henry and hand over sons as hostages. English garrisons were installed throughout Scotland. It was only in 1189 that William was able to recover Scottish independence in return for a payment of 10,000 marks. William’s reign witnessed the extension of royal authority northwards across the Moray Firth.
1214: Alexander II. Son of William the Lion. With the Anglo-Scottish agreement of 1217, he established a peace between the two kingdoms that would last for 80 years. The agreement was further cemented by his marriage to Henry III’s sister Joan in 1221. Renouncing his ancestral claim to Northumbria, the Anglo-Scottish border was finally established by the Tweed-Solway line.
1249: Alexander III. The son of Alexander II, he married Henry III’s daughter Margaret in 1251. Following the Battle of Largs against King Haakon of Norway in Oct. 1263, Alexander secured the western Highlands and Islands for the Scottish Crown. After the deaths of his sons, Alexander gained acceptance that his granddaughter Margaret should succeed him. He fell and was killed whilst riding along the cliffs of Kinghorn in Fife.
1286 – 90: Margaret, Maid of Norway. The only child of King Eric of Norway and Margaret, daughter of Alexander III. She became queen at the age of two, and was promptly betrothed to Edward, son of Edward I. She saw neither kingdom nor husband as she died aged 7 at Kirkwall on Orkney in September 1290. Her death caused the most serious crisis in Anglo-Scottish relations.
English domination
1292 – 96: John Balliol. Following the death of Margaret in 1290 no one person held the undisputed claim to be King of the Scots. No fewer than 13 ‘competitors’, or claimants eventually emerged. They agreed to recognise Edward I’s overlordship and to abide by his arbitration. Edward decided in favour of Balliol, who did have a strong claim with links back to William the Lion. Edward’s obvious manipulation of Balliol led the Scottish nobles to set up a Council of 12 in July 1295, as well as agreeing to an alliance with the King of France. Edward invaded, and after defeating Balliol at the Battle of Dunbar imprisoned him in the Tower of London. Balliol was eventually released into papal custody and ended his life in France.
1296 -1306: annexed to England
House of Bruce
1306: Robert I the Bruce. In 1306 at Greyfriars Church Dumfries, he murdered his only possible rival for the throne, John Comyn. He was excommunicated for this sacrilege, but was still crowned King of the Scots just a few months later.
Robert was defeated in his first two battles against the English and became a fugitive, hunted by both Comyn’s friends and the English. Whilst hiding in a room he is said to have watched a spider swing from one rafter to another, in an attempt to anchor its web. It failed six times, but at the seventh attempt, succeeded. Bruce took this to be an omen and resolved to struggle on. His decisive victory over Edward II‘s army at Bannockburn in 1314 finally won the freedom he had struggled for.
1329: David II. The only surviving legitimate son of Robert Bruce, he succeeded his father when only 5 years of age. He was the first Scottish king to be crowned and anointed. Whether he would be able to keep the crown was another matter, faced with the combined hostilities of John Balliol and the ‘Disinherited’, those Scottish landowners that Robert Bruce had disinherited following his victory at Bannockburn. David was for a while even sent to France for his own safe keeping. In support of his allegiance with France he invaded England in 1346, whilst Edward III was otherwise occupied with the siege of Calais. His army was intercepted by forces raised by the Archbishop of York. David was wounded and captured. He was later released after agreeing to pay a ransom of 1000,000 marks. David died unexpectedly and without an heir, while trying to divorce his second wife in order to marry his latest mistress.
House of Stuart (Stewart)
1371: Robert II. The son of Walter the Steward and Marjory, daughter of Robert Bruce. He was recognised the heir presumptive in 1318, but the birth of David II meant that he had to wait 50 years before he could become the first Stewart king at the age of 55. A poor and ineffective ruler with little interest in soldiering, he delegated responsibility for law and order to his sons. Meanwhile he resumed to his duties of producing heirs, fathering at least 21 children.
1390: Robert III. Upon succeeding to the throne he decided to take the name Robert rather than his given name John. As King, Robert III appears to have been as ineffective as his father Robert II. In 1406 he decided to send his eldest surviving son to France; the boy was captured by the English and imprisoned in the Tower. Robert died the following month and, according to one source, asked to be buried in a midden (dunghill) as ‘the worst of kings and most wretched of men’.
1406: James I. After falling into English hands on his way to France in 1406, James was held a captive until 1424. Apparently his uncle, who also just happened to be Scotland’s governor, did little to negotiate his release. He was eventually released after agreeing to pay a 50,000 mark ransom. On his return to Scotland, he spent much of his time raising the money to pay off his ransom by imposing taxes, confiscating estates from nobles and clan chiefs. Needless to say, such actions made him few friends; a group of conspirators broke into his bedchamber and murdered him.
1437: James II. Although king since the murder of his father when he was 7, it was following his marriage to Mary of Guelders that he actually assumed control. An aggressive and warlike king, he appears to have taken particular exception to the Livingstons and Black Douglases. Fascinated by those new fangled firearms, he was blown up and killed by one of his own siege guns whilst besieging Roxburgh.
1460: James III. At the tender age of 8, he was proclaimed king following the death of his father James II. Six years later he was kidnapped; upon his return to power, he proclaimed his abductors, the Boyds, traitors. His attempt to make peace with the English by marrying his sister off to an English noble was somewhat scuppered when she was found to be already pregnant. He was killed at the Battle of Sauchieburn in Stirlingshire on 11 June 1488.
1488: James IV. The son of James III and Margaret of Denmark, he had grown up in the care of his mother at Stirling Castle. For his part in his father’s murder by the Scottish nobility at the Battle of Sauchieburn, he wore an iron belt next to skin as penitence for the rest of his life. To protect his borders he spent lavish sums on artillery and his navy. James led expeditions into the Highlands to assert royal authority and developed Edinburgh as his royal capital. He sought peace with England by marrying Henry VII’s daughter Margaret Tudor in 1503, an act that would ultimately unite the two kingdoms a century later. His immediate relationship with his brother-in-law deteriorated however when James invaded Northumberland. James was defeated and killed at Flodden, along with most of the leaders of Scottish society.
1513: James V. Still an infant at the time of his father’s death at Flodden, James’s early years were dominated by struggles between his English mother, Margaret Tudor and the Scottish nobles. Although king in name, James did not really start to gain control and rule the country until 1528. After that he slowly began to rebuild the shattered finances of the Crown, largely enriching the funds of the monarchy at the expense of the Church. Anglo-Scottish relationships once again descended into war when James failed to turn up for a scheduled meeting with Henry VIII at York in 1542. James apparently died of a nervous breakdown after hearing of the defeat of his forces following the Battle of Solway Moss.
1542: Mary Queen of Scots. Born just a week before her father King James V died. Mary was sent to France in 1548 to marry the Dauphin, the young French prince, in order to secure a Catholic alliance against England. In 1561, after he died still in his teens, Mary returned to Scotland. At this time Scotland was in the throes of the Reformation and a widening Protestant-Catholic split. A Protestant husband for Mary seemed the best chance for stability. Mary married her cousin Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley, but it was not a success. Darnley became jealous of Mary’s secretary and favourite, David Riccio. He, together with others, murdered Riccio in front of Mary. She was six months pregnant at the time.
Her son, the future King James VI, was baptised into the Catholic faith at Stirling Castle. This caused alarm amongst the Protestants. Darnley later died in mysterious circumstances. Mary sought comfort in James Hepburn, Earl of Bothwell, and rumours abounded that she was pregnant by him. Mary and Bothwell married. The Lords of Congregation did not approve of the liaison and she was imprisoned in Leven Castle. Mary eventually escaped and fled to England. In Protestant England, Catholic Mary’s arrival provoked a political crisis for Queen Elizabeth I. After 19 years of imprisonment in various castles throughout England, Mary was found guilty of treason for plotting against Elizabeth and was beheaded at Fotheringhay.
1567: James VI and I. Became king aged just 13 months following the abdication of his mother. By his late teens he was already beginning to demonstrate political intelligence and diplomacy in order to control government.
He assumed real power in 1583, and quickly established a strong centralised authority. He married Anne of Denmark in 1589.
As the great-grandson of Margaret Tudor, he succeeded to the English throne when Elizabeth I died in 1603, thus ending the centuries-old Anglo-Scots border wars.
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History, Tartan, & Battles
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2019-03-26T19:00:30+00:00
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Clan MacDonald - the oldest and largest of all Scottish clans. Read all about Clan (Mac)Donald, their history, tartan, crest, feuds and descendants!
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en
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Highland Titles
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https://www.highlandtitles.com/blog/clans-scotland-macdonald/
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The Clan Donald’s (or Clan MacDonald) Scottish roots run deep – being the oldest and largest of all Scottish clans. For nearly 400 years, Clan Donald ruled the west highlands and the Hebrides – their land and power stretched so wide that it was only second to the Kings of Scotland and England. This gravitas gifted the Donald Clan Chief the title of Lord of the Isles (Triath nan Eilean or Rìgh Innse Gall in Scottish Gaelic).
The Clan Donald Tartans
There are over 40 Clan Donald Tartans and many clan branches intricately connected to it. The clan’s eight main branches are: Antrim, Ardnamurchan, Clanranald, Duunyveg and the Glens, Glencoe, Glengarry, Keppoch and Sleat.
The tartan pictured is named MacDonald of the Isles (MakDonnald of ye Ylis), and it was published in the Vestiarium Scoticum in 1842, a reproduction of a 15th-century manuscript that included the clan tartans of the main Scottish families.
MacDonald Clan Crest
The MacDonald clan crest was a symbol of allegiance used by members to show loyalty to their clan chief. The crest depicts a small, simple crown with an armoured hand holding a cross. The clan motto “by sea and by land” acknowledges the clan’s island and seafaring roots and its mainland expansion goals.
Clan Donald Territories
Clan Donald is a now global clan with ancient roots in the Western Highlands and Islands of Scotland and County Antrim of Northern Ireland. In the 1100s, the warrior Somerled secured dominion over the Western Isles for Clan Donald. A century later, their lands grew when Robert the Bruce granted Clan Donald more territory on the mainland including Lochaber and Glencoe. In the 1330s, its territory would expand further to Skye and Lewis.
Clan Donald Castles: The Cradle of Clan Donald
While the clan’s two island castles mostly lie in varied states of decline now, these victims to time and politics still remain impressive reminders of Clan Donald’s power.
Finlaggan Castle
The ancient seat of Clan Donald is Finlaggan Castle and is often referred to as the Cradle of Clan Donald. It was the home of the clan lords.
The castle’s surroundings are striking, protected by Loch Finlaggan and perched on the isle of Eilean Mór. Once the Lord of the Isles’ stronghold, its walls lie crumbled in scattered stone, casting the visitor to imagine what once was a strong structure that cautioned enemies and welcomed its clan.
Armadale Castle
The clan’s second stronghold, Armadale Castle, sits at the heart of a 20,000-acre estate alongside the Isle of Skye’s stunning coastline.
Armadale was once home to the MacDonalds of Sleat and was sold in 1971 following the death of Alexander Godfrey MacDonald, 7th Lord MacDonald and High Chief of Clan Donald.
The castle is now owned by the Clan Donald Lands Trust, founded by Clan Donald global members and a Scottish registered charity that preserves the clan’s history for future generations.
Ancient Norse-Celtic Beginnings: The Kingdom of the Isles
Before many other clans rose to their height of power in the 16th century, Clan Donald was governing the western islands and its seas hundreds of years earlier.
The name MacDonald translates to “children of Donald” and was named after Donald, the grandson of the 12th century Gaelic hero and King of the Hebrides, Somerled. The mighty half-Norse and Celtic King Somerled drove out the Vikings from the islands in 1156.
Prior to Somerled, the Vikings had dominated Scotland’s west coast through settlements. Despite having fewer men and resources, Somerled captured Viking ships and equipment, established a fleet of smaller ships and out-manoeuvred the Viking longboats. This warrior is credited with inventing the rudder, which he put in the middle of his galleys to give his fleet an advantage.
Somerled’s might was noticed by the Scottish King Malcolm IV who tried to expand into the clan’s territory. In 1164, Somerled sailed with 15,000 men to stop Malcolm’s advance. The sea warrior was forced to fight on land where he was killed.
After his death, the Kingdom of the Isles was split among his three sons including Reginald, King of the Isles and father of Donald.
The Rise, Division and Expansion of Clan Donald
Rise (1100s-1400s)
Under Celtic rule, Clan Donald was divided into branches where a descendant of Donald ruled. The clan chief acted as a father figure to the clan.
The clan’s Kingdom of the Isles was seen as a rival to the Scottish Crown until it was incorporated and recognised by Scotland as the Lordship of the Isles in 1263. Until then, Clan Donald was technically vassals of Haakon IV, King of Norway until Alexander III of Scotland defeated the Norwegian king.
A generation later, Donald’s grandson and clan chief Angus Og found favour with the legendary Scottish King Robert Bruce — when he first sheltered him at the lowest point of his career and then stood with 5,000 MacDonalds at Bannockburn in 1314. The clan’s loyalty was rewarded with King Robert Bruce proclaiming that Clan Donald would always occupy the honoured position on the right wing of the Scottish army. During this time, the clan built a Celtic parliament, known as the Council of the Isles, at their Islay stronghold where they held court.
Division (1400s-1700s)
The great Donald power would start to diminish in the 1400s during two pivotal battles and the loss of its Lord of the Isles title. This would create divisions that transferred more power to its rivals the Scottish monarchy.
The Donald clan chief held the title of the Lord of the Isles until 1493 when the Scottish crown declared that the chief forfeit the lordship. The title went to the heir of the Scottish throne, which today sits with HRH the Prince of Wales.
The clan weakened due to differing branch clan alliances, religion and geography. The Clan Donald branches started accepting Crown charters, which kept the clan divided and limited any threat to the crown. Fear of Catholicism was widespread and with some Donald branches Catholic, it excluded the clan from power adding further splits in a clan already divided by sea.
The Battle of Bloody Bay: MacDonald vs MacDonald (sometime between 1480-1483)
Known as the greatest Scottish sea battle, this battle was fought between father and son. The Lord of the Isles, John MacDonald, faced a rebellion by his own son, Angus Og.
The Lord of the Isles had agreed to assist King Edward IV of England to invade mainland Scotland. Angus disagreed with this decision and wanted to remove his father from leadership.
A fierce sea battle turned the waters off the Isle of Mull red. The Lord of the Isles had the backing of Clan MacLean, Clan MacLeod and Clan MacNeil. His son’s rebel support included Clan MacDonald of Clanranald and Clan MacDonald of Sleat.
Angus won that day but the clan’s naval fleet was cut in half. Angus became the last of the Lord of the Isles when he was murdered 10 years later after the title transferred to the Scottish Crown. Some believe this battle was the beginning of the end to the clan system.
The Eigg Massacre: MacLeod vs MacDonald (1577)
The entire population of Eigg was wiped out in 1577 after the MacLeods suffocated to death more than 350 MacDonalds in a cave.
This was in retaliation to the MacDonald’s banishing three young men from Eigg after they insulted several women. The men were bound hand and foot and cast to sea in their boat. After the men washed up at Dunvegan, the MacLeod chief sailed to Eigg to avenge his clan members’ treatment.
The MacDonalds’ plan to hide almost worked until a MacDonald watchman’s footprints were found and traced back to the cave. The MacDonalds refused to surrender thinking the cave’s narrow entrance would protect them. Instead, the MacLeods lit a fire at the cave entrance and the island’s MacDonald population died from smoke inhalation.
Battle in a Church: MacLeod vs MacDonald (1578)
Known as the Battle of the Spoiling of the Dyke, the feud between the MacLeods of Waternish and the MacDonalds of Uist came to a head in a church on Skye. The MacLeods were attending a service when the MacDonalds landed their fleet of eight ships and set fire to the church. All perished except for one young woman who escaped by window.
More MacLeods were alerted by the smoke and flocked to the church. Before the MacDonalds could escape to their boats, they were attacked and killed by the MacLeods.
The Massacre of Glencoe: Campbell vs MacDonald (1692)
The Crown offered indemnity to all clan chiefs who swore an oath of allegiance before January 1 1692. A messenger arrived in Glencoe with the royal news only three days before the deadline. Chief Alexander MacDonald travelled to take the oath, but was detained for a day by his enemies: Campbell soldiers.
He was unable to take his oath until the magistrate returned on 6th January. In Edinburgh, the Secretary of State decreed that all MacDonalds under seventy to be killed as punishment. The Campbell soldiers who were housed by the clan for the last 12 days, massacred 38 MacDonalds including the chief. Forty women and children died of exposure after their homes were burned while others escaped.
The Jacobite Uprisings
The Clanranald MacDonalds were involved in two Jacobite Uprisings in 1715 (the clan chief died at the Battle of Sheriffmuir) and 1745. Bonnie Prince Charlie landed in Clanranald territory in 1745.
The notorious one-hour Battle of Culloden near Inverness was the final confrontation of the Jacobite uprising of 1745, which ended in bloody defeat silencing the hope of a Stuart king. Three MacDonald divisions, including the surviving Glencoe MacDonalds, stood at the left wing of the Jacobite army at Culloden.
Expansion: 1700s-present
In the 150 years after the Battle of Culloden, it’s estimated that nearly two million people left Scotland. Many MacDonalds emigrated during this time (the 18th and 19th centuries) to North America and other parts of the world.
Is It Clan Donald or MacDonald? An Inclusive Clan
Being one of the largest clans in existence, with its origins nearly a millennia old, history has referred to both Donald and MacDonald to describe this expansive clan.
The name MacDonald (including alternate spellings) was used by anyone whose father’s surname was Donald until surnames became common in Scotland around 1061 by Scottish King Malcolm III. MacDonald appears to be used long before the government required surnames in 1855. In the 1800s and early 1900s, MacDonald was the second most common surname in Scotland (counting both Mac and Mc).
However, the first mention of the clan in the 15th-century Gaelic documents refers to Clann Domhnaill (Clan Donald). These manuscripts described a more inclusive Celtic approach to clans. A member of Clan Donald is anyone associated with and loyal to, but not necessarily a literal descendant of Donald, King of the Isles. In the Kingdom of the Isles, Clan Donald included those who fought and lived alongside Clan Donald.
The Clan Donald Society of Edinburgh also backed this view. Established in 1891, the society is one of the oldest modern clan organisations and has referred to themselves as Clan Donald ever since it was founded. Under Clan Donald, it acknowledges its many surnames, including MacDonald, McDonald, MacDonell, McConnell, McDaniel and Donaldson.
What is the difference between McDonald and MacDonald?
Both surnames have the same origin – the only difference is that ‘McDonald’ is a contraction of ‘MacDonald’! There’s no difference between McDonald and MacDonald otherwise.
Where is the MacDonald clan from?
Clan Donald – or Clan MacDonald – hails from the western Highlands and Islands of Scotland, hence the clan leader’s title of Lord of the Isles. They rules over the western islands and west coast of the country, with the clan seat at Loch Finlaggan on Islay – often called the Cradle of Clan Donald.
Is MacDonald Scottish?
Yes, MacDonald is a Scottish surname – and if you have this surname, you’re part of Clan MacDonald (also known as Clan Donald). It’s also a common Irish surname – although most Irish MacDonalds are descended from Scottish MacDonalds who emigrated across the sea to the Emerald Isle.
Clan Donald Descendants
The current Clan Chief is Godfrey James MacDonald of MacDonald, 8th Lord MacDonald. He became high chief of Clan Donald in 1970 and sits on the Board of Trustees of the Clan Donald Lands Trust.
A recent scientific study suggests one in four MacDonalds can trace their origins back to the Norse-Celtic warrior king Somerled. Genghis Khan is the only man who has more living descendants.
A Famous Donald
Kelly MacDonald, born in 1976 and raised in Glasgow, is a BAFTA award-winning actress for her role as Carla Jean Moss in No Country for Old Men.
She is also known for her role as Diane in the film Trainspotting and the voice of Merida in Pixar’s Brave.
Donalds with Highland Titles
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https://ca.billiongraves.com/grave/Jane-Jeanie-Donald/28247927
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Jane (Jeanie) Donald
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https://ca.billiongraves.com/static/img/favicon.ico
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https://ca.billiongraves.com/static/img/favicon.ico
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Grave site information of Jane (Jeanie) Donald (14 Jun 1866 - 20 Nov 1918) at Featherston Cemetery in Featherston, South Wairarapa District, Wellington, New Zealand from BillionGraves | BillionGraves
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/static/img/favicon.ico
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https://billiongraves.com/grave/Jane-Jeanie-Donald/28247927
|
Description
Some info not legible
Jane, born at Featherston, daughter of James and Elizbeth
James, born at Kincardine, died at Featherston, Elizabeth his wife - born at Ayrshire, Scotland - died at Featherston
Elizabeth - born at Featherston, daughter of James & Elizabeth
Mary wife of Allen who was the youngest son of James and Elizabeth
Hector - youngest son of Mary Ursula and Allen Donald
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https://twitter.com/Chesbaburba/status/1791846204474888693
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x.com
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Donald_(footballer)
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Jim Donald (footballer)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico
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https://en.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico
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"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"
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2010-03-05T07:51:17+00:00
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/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Donald_(footballer)
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Scottish footballer
Jim Donald is a Scottish former professional association footballer best known for his time with Queen of the South.
Jim Donald signed for Dumfries club Queen of the South in February 1970 from Renfrew Juniors. Donald made his debut at 19 years of age. He started as a winger but after a couple of seasons moved to midfield. Donald was a tireless worker. His career at Queens included 174 league games in which he scored 18 goals.[1] Donald was part of the Queen of the South side of the mid 1970s that would have been promoted to the top tier of Scottish football had it not been for league reconstruction at the end of the 1974/75 season. Among his teams mates then were Allan Ball, Ian McChesney, Nobby Clark, Crawford Boyd and Jocky Dempster. Donald and his teammates also enjoyed consecutive runs to the quarter-finals of the Scottish Cup before being knocked out by Old Firm opposition. In the Scottish League Cup Queens again made it to the quarter-finals when a 2-1 victory over Rangers took the tie into extra time. Another goal for Rangers took the Glasgow club through.[2]
After leaving Queen of the South Donald played 33 league games for Alloa Athletic in which he scored 1 goal.[3] He then moved to Brechin City where he scored twice during his 34 league appearances.[4] After playing in one league game for Montrose F.C. he next moved to Arbroath F.C. for whom he played in two league games before moving to the junior ranks with Rutherglen Glencairn.[5]
Personal life and retirement
[edit]
Donald was best man at the wedding of Kenny Dalglish.[6] This led to an appearance on This is Your Life when Dalglish was spotlighted on the TV program.[citation needed]
Donald took up the sport of lawn bowls, joining Yoker Bowling Club in 2014. In 2015, he won the fours (rinks) and in 2016 was an integral part on the Senior Fours team that made it to Northfield, Ayr to compete in the Scottish Finals. In the same year he retained the fours (rinks) won the previous year.[citation needed]
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https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/MBZG-9JC/james-donald-1862-1865
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FamilySearch.org
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Discover your family history. Explore the world’s largest collection of free family trees, genealogy records and resources.
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https://uk.news.yahoo.com/humza-yousaf-questions-familys-future-095700196.html
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Humza Yousaf questions family's future in UK after violent riots
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"Sky News"
] |
2024-08-07T09:57:00+00:00
|
Humza Yousaf, the former first minister of Scotland, has revealed the recent days of violent riots have left him unsure whether his family has a future in the UK. Mr Yousaf - the first ethnic minority leader of a devolved government and the first Muslim to lead a major UK party when he became SNP leader and Scotland's first minister in March 2023 - described the past week of unrest as "utterly horrendous".
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https://s.yimg.com/rz/l/favicon.ico
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Yahoo News
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https://uk.news.yahoo.com/humza-yousaf-questions-familys-future-095700196.html
|
Humza Yousaf, the former first minister of Scotland, has revealed the recent days of violent riots have left him unsure whether his family has a future in the UK.
Mr Yousaf - the first ethnic minority leader of a devolved government and the first Muslim to lead a major UK party when he became SNP leader and Scotland's first minister in March 2023 - described the past week of unrest as "utterly horrendous".
Violent disorder has taken place in cities across England and in Northern Ireland following the killings of three young girls in Southport last week.
The unrest has been fuelled by misinformation online relating to the attacker.
Police forces across the country are braced for further disturbances, with reports of at least 30 more gatherings due to take place on Wednesday evening.
UK riots latest:
Thousands of extra police mobilised ahead of 30 far-right protests
Speaking to The News Agents podcast, Mr Yousaf said: "I'm about as Scottish as they come.
"Born in Scotland, raised in Scotland, educated in Scotland, just welcomed my third child here in Scotland, was the leader of the Scottish government for just over a year, leader of the Scottish National Party.
"You cut me open, I'm as about as Scottish as you come.
"But the truth of the matter is, I don't know whether the future for me and my wife and my three children is going to be here in Scotland or the United Kingdom, or indeed in Europe and the West, because I have for some time really worried about the rise of Islamophobia."
Mr Yousaf, who resigned as first minister in May, said the rise of the far-right was "driven by Islamophobia in Europe, the UK and the West".
He said rioters were "going after people who are black, who are Asian, who are Muslim, and that, again, comes back to some of the language that's been used far too often in our politics about people not adopting our values".
Mr Yousaf, the MSP for Glasgow Pollok, said he has no idea where his family would go, adding that "Scotland is the country I love".
He said: "I don't want to go, let me just make that abundantly clear."
Mr Yousaf said Scotland is not immune from racism or Islamophobia, but added the UK has a "pretty positive story to tell on multiculturalism".
He cited his own turn as first minister, as well as Rishi Sunak - a British Hindu prime minister, and Sadiq Khan - Muslim mayor of London.
Mr Yousaf added: "So, we actually have a strong history and heritage of multiculturalism over the years, but that is quite literally, actually in some parts of the UK, going up in flames."
Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer has condemned the violence and has vowed to do "whatever it takes to bring these thugs to justice".
First Minister John Swinney met with members of Scotland's Muslim community at Edinburgh Central Mosque earlier this week.
He branded the violence across other parts of the UK as "completely unacceptable" and said it would not be tolerated in Scotland.
The first minister added: "There is no place in Scotland for hatred of any kind, and each of us has a responsibility to confront racism and religious prejudice wherever and whenever it appears.
"People will always try to divide us - and it is imperative in these moments that we come together even stronger to stand defiant."
Read more:
How the far-right hijacked Southport protests
Snapshot of people in court over UK riots
Police Scotland said it is providing reassurance to communities through enhanced patrols and direct engagement.
Assistant Chief Constable Gary Ritchie added: "We will continue to monitor the situation to ensure any potential for violence or disorder in Scotland is identified quickly and responded to immediately.
"We are aware of a number of planned protests, and counter-protests, over the coming weeks, which will be policed appropriately."
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https://www.franzen-davis.com/obituaries/james-peanutburgess
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James Donald "Peanut" Burgess Obituary 2022
|
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"Franzen-Davis Funeral Home, Crematory and Monument Company"
] |
2023-08-30T19:57:01
|
James Donald "Peanut" Burgess, 80 of Livingston, Montana passed away suddenly at his home on August 24, 2022, in Livingston. He was born in Rock Hill, South Carolina on June 25,...
|
en
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https://cdn.filestackcontent.com/5REQNRDpRta99J7Y6G1q
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Franzen-Davis Funeral Home, Crematory and Monument Company
|
https://www.franzen-davis.com/obituaries/james-peanutburgess
|
James Donald “Peanut” Burgess, 80 of Livingston, Montana passed away suddenly at his home on August 24, 2022, in Livingston. He was born in Rock Hill, South Carolina on June 25, 1942, to Milton and Lillian Burgess. He attended school in Rock Hill and upon graduation, joined the United States Navy. Peanut enjoyed his brandy, gambling, fishing, cribbage, and spending time with his grandchildren and great grandchildren. Peanut was married to Marlene Mishler on March 1, 1963.
Peanut is survived by his daughters, Sondra Phillips (Justin Jones), Janie (Joe) Flack Rosario; grandchildren, Ronnie Flack, April Flack, Corey Flack, Shane Phillips, Shadoe Phillips, and Abby Phillips; great grandchildren, Ryder Phillips, and Jade Phillips; sister, Shirley Ramsey.
Funeral services and a celebration of life are yet to be determined.
Franzen-Davis Funeral Home and Crematory has been entrusted with arrangements.
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https://www.clandonald.org.uk/cdm10/cdm10a17.htm
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CDM10A17
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Clan Donald Magazine No 10 (1984) Online
The MacDonells of Scotus by Norman H. MacDonald FSA Scot.
The family of Scotus or Scothouse form one of the most celebrated cadet houses of Glengarry and its representatives have twice succeeded to the Chiefship of that clan.
The progenitor of the family was Domhnall Gorm, i.e. Donald the blue-eyed, second son of Donald Mac Angus, 8th Chief of Glengarry, to whom his father granted a feu charter of the 12� penny lands of Scotus, being part of the 60 penny lands of Knoydart. These lands were held in feu of Glengarry by the Laird of Scotus for �3.0.6d and extended some 15 miles in length and from 4 to 5 miles in breadth, being situated along the south side of Loch Nevis, one of the best anchorage lochs in the British Isles, and within a mile of Loch Hourn, to the north. There was "a substantial good Mansion House with offices and garden", described in 1800 as "a double-house, thoroughly furnished, of two stories high, with office houses, and a garden equal for vegetables to any to the north of Edinburgh." Some fine furniture, old china, etc, still remained in the house in 1806, long after the property had been sold. The family birlinn, or galley, which was utilised for journeys up and down the West Coast and to the Hebrides, lay at anchor in Scotus Bay.
Donald Gorm, 1st of Scotus, led the Knoydart and Glengarry men to join the force commanded by Alasdair Mac Colla Chiotach (Alexander MacDonald, son of Colkitto) in 1644 during the campaign of the Marquis of Montrose in support of Charles I in his struggle with the English Parliamentarians and the Scottish Covenanters. He was present, with his nephew Angus, later Lord MacDonell and Aros, 9th Chief of Glengarry, and his brothers Iain Mor of Ardnabie and Iain Og of Leek, at the Battle of Inverlochy, fought on Sunday 2nd February 1645, where they all distinguished themselves in this great Royalist victory of Montrose and Alasdair Colkitto over the military might of the Clan Campbell and their Lowland allies of the Covenant. Gilleasbuig Gruamach (Grim Archibald), Marquis of Argyle, having excused himself from taking the field with his men on account of an injury due to a fall from his horse the day before one of several incidents during the campaign which more than hinted at cowardice on his part, had the humiliation of witnessing the virtual annihilation of his clan-army as a fighting force, from the safety of his galley, well out of reach on Loch Linnhe. Donald Gorm is said to have married a daughter of Sir Donald MacDonald of Sleat, by whom he had a son Ranald, who succeeded him as 2nd of Scotus and who, on the death of his cousin Lord MacDonell and Aros in 1680, became the 10th Chief of Glengarry.
Ranald bestowed the lands of Scotus on one of his sons, Angus, or Aeneas, his eldest son, Alexander (Alasdair Dubh), succeeding him as 11th Chief of Glengarry.
Angus, or Aeneas, 3rd of Scotus, is said to have been "out" in 1689 with Viscount Dundee and again in 1715. He married, firstly, Katherine, daughter of Sir Norman MacLeod of Bernera, by whom he had four sons: Donald, of whom later; John of Crowlin, father of Spanish John, whose descendants are in Canada; Allan of Ardnaslisnish; and Ranald. By a second marriage he had one son, Alexander, a priest, known as Maighstir Alasdair Mor. He also had at least one daughter, Ann. He died in 1746, having previously made over his estate to his eldest son.
Donald, the fourth of the family to possess Scotus, although he predeceased his father, was known as Domhnall nan Gleann (Donald of the Glen) and, according to tradition, was the most handsome of his race and name, well bred, romantic, brave and highly esteemed by Prince Charles Edward Stuart, in support of whom he was among the very first to rise. Glengarry, Keppoch and Lochiel, in an attempt to prevent theft and depredations in their territories, appointed a list of deputies in 1744, among whom was Donald, Younger of Scotus, who was, along with his cousin german, Coll Ban MacDonell, Younger of Barrisdale, made responsible for the district of Knoydart. He was, according to Alasdair Ruadh, Younger (and later 13th Chief) of Glengarry, appointed by him in 1744 as his Factor and drew up a rental of the estate which was destroyed with the family papers in 1746.
Shortly after his arrival on the Scottish mainland, Prince Charles sent Donald to inform Cameron of Lochiel of his arrival and request that Lochiel come and see him at once. Donald's mission was successful and the result was that Lochiel was won over by the Prince and soon hastened to raise his clan. Donald of Scotus was given a captaincy in the Prince's army and served with his company throughout the entire campaign of 1745-46.
The Chevalier Johnstone, a young Edinburgh Jacobite, who had formed a close friendship with Donald during the Forty-Five, wrote of him in his memoirs:
"Mr Macdonald of Scothouse was about 40 years of age, had a fine countenance, and to his agreeable exterior he added a noble and commanding figure. He had all the qualities which usually distinguish a worthy and gallant man: brave, polished and obliging, he possessed at the same time a cultivated mind and sound judgement. Although our acquaintance bad only commenced with the Prince's expedition I soon learned to appreciate his merit and the charms of his society, and notwithstanding the disproportion of our ages, we were united together in the closest friendship. He entertained for me all the affection of a father,"
and relating to the period prior to Culloden when the Jacobites pursued the Hanoverian Earl of Loudon's regiment, in which Donald's eldest son Ranald, held a commission, into Sutherland, Johnstone says:
"Scotus came to pass the day with me. As he was naturally of a gay disposition, I perceived his melancholy on his entering my dwelling. On asking him the cause, this worthy man looked at me, his eyes bathed In tears 'Ah, my friend, you do not know what it is to be a father. I am of this detachment which must depart this evening to attack Lord Loudon. You do not know that a son whom I adore is with him as an officer in his regiment. I believed myself fortunate In obtaining that rank for this dear boy, not being able to foresee the descent of Prince Charles Edward into Scotland. Perhaps tomorrow I shall have the grief to kill my son with my own hand, and that the same ball that I shall fire off in my defence may occasion from myself a death most cruel! In going with the detachment I may be able to save his life; if I do not march, some other may kill him.' The recital of poor Scothouse rent my heart. I retained him the whole day at my home, endeavouring to dissipate his fears as much as I possibly could, and making him promise on parting to come straight to my home on leaving the boat. The next day, at evening, I heard a great knock at my door. I ran thither and perceived the good father holding a young man by the hand, of a jolly figure, who cried to me, his eyes sparkling with joy. 'Behold my friend, the one who yesterday caused all the alarms. I have taken him prisoner myself, and when I had hold of him he embraced me fervently, not regarding the others who were present.' I then saw him shed tears of joy, very different from those of the night before."
The following anecdote regarding Donald is recorded in the Atholl Papers:
"On the return march from Derby when the Prince's army was billeted in Dumfries that: 'a poor old, and very infirm man, living in the suburbs' of the town was 'attacked by five or six Highlanders in arms and robbed of a silver cup, two gold rings, about three pounds sterling, a greatcoat, a pair of new blankets, a pair of new stockings, silk handkerchief and several other items. His wife, having by accident, discovered two of the offenders in the street, were, by order of John Hay, brought before him in the Prince's lodgings and examined by him and Captain MacDonell of Scotus, to whose company they belonged. Part of the stolen goods were found about them, particularly the cup and rings, and restored by the justice of Captain Macdonell. The petitioner claimed that the remainder of the stolen goods had been taken by men of the Duke of Atholl's Regiment (on the oath of the two culprits)'."
The Prince is said to have thought highly of Scotus and prior to Culloden to have presented him with an inscribed snuff box bearing the Royal Arms, which is now a cherished possession of his direct descendant, the present Chief of Glengarry. According to family tradition, on the morning of the battle, a French officer, after observing the positions of both armies, remarked to Scotus that, from the disadvantageous position of Charles' army and the smallness of their number, defeat was inevitable, to which Donald replied that they could only act in the manner in which they were ordered.
The Clan Donald regiments of Clanranald, Glengarry and Keppoch were, that day, placed on the extreme left of the front line, and Scotus took his place at the head of his 50-strong company with the Glengarry Regiment. When the Jacobite right and centre could no longer withstand the cannonade which was decimating their ranks and charged before the order was given, the left, consisting of the Clan Donald regiments, which, due to the angle of the line, had much more ground to cover, advanced and, according to the Chevalier Johnstone, were "not more than twenty paces from the enemy, who let fly their discharge at the moment when the right began to retreat and my unfortunate friend Scotus was killed by my side," along with his Lieutenant, Ensign, Sergeant, Corporal and 18 Private men, "but I was not deeply affected at the moment of his fall as I have been ever since. It would almost seem as if the Power that presides over the lives of men in battles marks out the most deserving for destruction and spares those who are most unworthy." It is said that Scotus, while severely wounded, was led from the field by two of his men, but finding their pursuers coming too close, he asked the men to leave him as his wound was mortal, and save themselves, giving them his watch, dirk, purse, etc, including, presumably, the snuff box given him by the Prince, to take back to his wife, and requested that they "turn his face to the enemy that they might not think he was running away." Having got to a safe distance the men looked back and perceived the dragoons despatch him.
Donald of the Glen married firstly, Helen Meldrum of Meldrum, by whom he had a daughter Margaret, who married Alexander MacDonald of Glenaladale. He married secondly, Elizabeth Cumming of Couter, by whom he had: Ranald, who succeeded to Scotus; Angus, who died young, and Flora, who married Ranald MacDonald of Gerinish. He married thirdly, Mary Cameron of Glennevis, without issue.
Ranald, the fifth proprietor of Scotus, as already stated, served with Loudon's Regiment on the Hanoverian side during the Forty-Five. In 1796, when an old man, he applied to George III for a pension, and the petition, so far as it relates to the Forty-Five, runs as follows:
"That the representer is one of the immediate cadets of the family of Glengarry, and at a very early period of his life saw the blessings which all your Majesty's subjects acquired by the Revolution, and the accession of your Majesty's predecessors to the throne of Great Britain, which induced him, at the breaking out of the Rebellion of 1745, contrary to the ideas of that clan at that time, to join his Majesty's forces as a volunteer in the regiment of Highlanders commanded by Lord Loudon. The memorialist was with the regiment in all the service they were engaged in 1745-46, and in particular, he was one of those 50 who exerted themselves and made their escape when the regiment were made prisoners near Dornoch in Sutherland. That the memorialist served in this small party, then commanded by Sir Harry Munro � when a French sloop, the 'Hazard', came to Lord Reay's country with money and ammunition to supply the rebel army. Here she was attacked and taken by the 'Sheerness', when 250 of the men, among whom were 26 Irish officers, commanded by Colonel Brown, having made their escape, were attacked by the above 50 men, several of them killed, and the remainder all made prisoners. That the memorialist and the said party joined the Duke of Cumberland at Aberdeen when the officers and men received the thanks of His Royal Highness for the essential service they had performed. That the memorialist remained in the regiment until 1747 and was well-known to the officers of the regiment, etc, etc."
In 1747 he obtained a commission as second lieutenant in Lord Drumlanrig's regiment raised for the service of the States General from which he retired on half-pay when the regiment was reduced, In 1757 he joined Halkett's regiment and again served the States General, retiring with the rank of captain.
Ranald, finding that there were many Roman Catholics on his property willing to serve in the army, made a direct application to the Government to raise a body of 500 Catholic Highlanders, or to go to America to raise the Catholics there whom he knew to be attached to the King and Government, but his proposals were declined. Disgusted with these refusals, Scotus gave up, for the time being, his military aspirations, and lived the life of a country gentleman, diversified by several visits to France, where two of his sons were partly educated. His easy, though honourable disposition, led him into various obligations which, through legal mismanagement, ultimately brought about the loss of the estate. The rental of Scotus in 1773 was only 1008 merks Scots, equal to �56 sterling. In 1784, the tenants, apart from the numerous cottars, numbered twenty-seven. By 1786, whether threatened with removal or desirous to leave themselves, almost all had gone. Charles MacDonell, one of Ranald's sons, writing from Inverie on 1 April in that year, says:
"This country is all in a ferment with emigration. Most of the tenants of this country go to America, so that Glengarry, it's thought, will soon come to this country. Angus, my brother, is now away, and Donald is in Sleat with Mr Martin MacPherson."
This large emigration was led by the Rev. Alexander MacDonell (Maighstir Alasdair Mor), youngest son of Aeneas, 3rd of Scotus, and uncle of Ranald of Scotus, of whom J. H. MacDonell of Greenfield, in his Sketches of Glengarry in Canada, says:
"Shortly after the Revolutionary War in 1786, a large emigration of Highlanders numbering, I believe, some five hundred souls, took place, principally from that part of the Glengarry estates known as Knoydart, under the leadership of the Rev. Alexander MacDonell, who settled with their clansmen and kinfolk in Glengarry. The following extract, taken from Neilson's 'Quebec Gazette' relates to the immigration: Quebec, 7th September, 1786.
'Arrived ship, MacDonald, Captain Robert Stevenson, from Greenock, with emigrants, nearly the whole of a parish in the North of Scotland, who emigrated with their priest (the Rev. Alexander MacDonell, Scotus), and nineteen cabin passengers, together with five hundred and twenty steerage passengers, to better their case, up to Cataraqui (Kingston)'.
"Their priest was one of the earliest Catholic priests or missionaries, other than French, in Upper Canada. He was the founder of St Raphael's, the pioneer parish not only of Glengarry, but of all Upper Canada, where he built the first church, known in its day as the Blue Chapel."
On the marriage of his eldest son, Aeneas (or Angus), in 1788, Ranald had the estate transferred to him under burden of an annuity of �150 per annum, of his debts, and moderate provisions in favour of his younger children. By 1795 the tenants were reduced to three and the rent had risen six fold to �385. The family affairs became considerably embarrassed and Ranald's annuity not being met, he was obliged, though now an old man, to embark on another military career. In the memorial of 1796, already referred to, he states:
"That he had obtained a Lieutenant's Commission in the Regiment of Fencibles commanded by Colonel MacDonell of Glengarry" and would "now humbly implore of your Majesty. That on account of his former services, he would be raised to the rank of Captain, even with the pay of a Subaltern, till a vacancy should happen in the Regiment� or that such other relief be given on account of these services as your Majesty, in your great wisdom, shall see proper."
Scotus' petition was granted and he served with the Glengarry Fencibles in Guernsey, Ireland and elsewhere. In a letter from him, dated Galway, 3rd November 1800, he wishes the reply to be addressed to "Captain MacDonell of Scothouse, Glengarry Regiment, here." When the regiment was disbanded in 1802, old Scotus again became a wanderer. He died in the month of June 1811, probably about the age of 87. Mrs Donald MacEachen, Kinsadel of Morar, who was in his employment at the time of his death, was full of anecdotes of Ranald, describing him as a tall, fine-looking old man, spare, but strongly built, who attributed the good health he had enjoyed during his chequered career to his having invariably adhered, as his favourite food, to Scotia's staple diet of porridge and milk.
Ranald married firstly, Helen Grant of Glenmoriston, by whom he had Aeneas or Angus, his heir of whom hereunder. He married secondly, Anne, youngest daughter of John MacDonell of Glengarry, by whom he had: Charles, educated in France, who became a major in the 72nd Foot, and left a daughter; and Donald, also educated in France, who became a Lieutenant Colonel in the East India Company Service, and married Anne, eldest daughter of Archibald MacDonald of Rhu and Lochshiel, by whom he had a large family, the eldest of whom was Eneas Ronald MacDonell, WS, and advocate at the Scottish Bar. He was a JP and DL of Inverness-shire and purchased the estate of South Morar in 1855 after which he assumed the designation "of Morar". He was a founder member in 1891 of the Clan Donald Society of Edinburgh, of which he became Vice-President. He married, had a family and died at Camusdarroch in 1898.
Aeneas Ranald, to whom his father Ranald had the estate transferred in 1788, obtained a commission in the 76th MacDonald's Highlanders with which he served in the Light Company in the American War of Independence. The light companies of the various regiments, having been detached and brigaded as a single unit, were put under the command of Colonel Abercromby. After the untimely death of Aeneas in 1792, his former company commander, Colonel James Fraser of Culduthel, wrote to his widow in the following terms:
"Madam -Your late husband, Mr MacDonell of Scotus, served in my Company (Light Company) in the 76th Regiment, the last four years of the American War, as lieutenant. He, on several occasions, distinguished himself as an officer possessed of great courage and ability. When Lord Cornwallis, with the army under his command, crossed the James River in Virginia, Lieutenant MacDonell (who had been left at New York to bring forward the convalescents of the Light Infantry), arrived at the place of debarkation some days after the army had left it, and, being ordered to follow, he conducted his detachment through our enemy's country so ably that although attacked by a superior force, he brought them in with only one man wounded and made several of the enemy prisoners. He, on that occasion, had the satisfaction of Lord Cornwallis's approbation of his conduct. During the siege of Yorktown in Virginia, Lieutenant MacDonell was in a very poor state of health, but could not be prevailed on to quit his post, by which his constitution was very much impaired. Mr MacDonell was on all occasions a good and active duty officer, and ready to volunteer for every service of danger that offered. - I am, etc, James Fraser, Lieut. Col. 2nd BR & CF Regt."
At the close of the war, Aeneas, in a very tender state of health, returned to Scotland as a half-pay lieutenant and settled down on the family estate where he led a carefree and extravagant lifestyle; frequently to be seen with a boisterous and merry band of followers, together with his deer and slow hounds, mongrels and terriers roaming the hills of Knoydart eagerly engaged in fox hunting. His good nature and generosity merely served to increase the already heavy burdens on the estate during the brief period of his possession of it. On 11th November 1788, he married Anne Fraser of Culbockie, upon which occasion his father turned over the estate to him. Aeneas and his wife at first lived with their young family at Inverie on the Scotus Estate but later, on account of his health, at Beaulyside, now known as Dunballoch, where, on 9th December 1792, he died, leaving two sons, Aeneas Ranald,who succeeded to Scotus, and William, who became a surgeon in the 19th Foot; and a daughter, Helen, who married Colonel Kyle of Binghill, Aberdeenshire, with issue. Aeneas nominated, in 1790, as guardians to his children, his wife; his half brother Charles, described as of the 72nd Regiment; Patrick Grant of Glenmoriston; Captain Allan Grant of Innerwick; Captain Alpin Grant of the Citadel, Inverness; Coll MacDonell of Barrisdale, and a number of others. His elder son, Aeneas Ranald, born at Scotus House on 19th December 1789, succeeded as the last landed laird of Scotus.
Aeneas Ranald, the last landed laird of Scotus was, in 1794, when he was five years of age, infeft in the estate On a precept by Glengarry, with the consent of his curators, dated 9th April of that year. When the Glengarry Fencible Regiment was raised in that same year the five-year-old Aeneas Ranald was given an ensign's commission and drew pay. The boy ultimately did join the regiment as appears from a letter written by his grandfather, Ranald (Old Scotus) in 1800 from Galway, in which he says: "Angus (i.e. Aeneas) poor fellow, behaves well" and he continued in the service of the regiment until it was disbanded in 1802, by which time he was thirteen years of age. The estate being so heavily burdened, the trustees decided to dispose of it and at the public sale in Edinurgh on 6th July 1803, it realised over �16,000. The purchaser was Grant of Glenmoriston who, a few years later, sold the estate to Colonel Alasdair Ranaldson MacDonell of Glengarry. By Whitsun 1804, the connection between Aeneas Ranald MacDonell and his family with their ancestral lands of Scotus was severed forever.
After their acquisition by Glengarry, the lands of Scotus were, about 1818, reincorporated with Knoydart. Aeneas Ranald had the desire and ability to recover the estate at an early period of his career, and applied to Glengarry, but apparently received no answer to his proposal. He was educated at Marischal College, Aberdeen, and entering the Civil Service became First Member of the Board of Revenue, Madras. On retiring from service in India he settled at Pitville House, Cheltenham. On the death of his remote cousin, Charles Ranaldson MacDonell, 18th Chief of Glengarry, on 28th June, 1868, without issue, Scotus petitioned the Lord Lyon for the Arms and Representation of MacDonell of Glengarry, to which he succeeded posthumously, as 19th Chief of Glengarry, having died at Cheltenham on 24th October the same year. Thus did the family of Scotus succeed a second time to the representation of the renowned house of Glengarry. Aeneas Ranald married Juliana Charlotte, daughter of Archdeacon Wade of Bombay, by whom he had four sons and two daughters. His eldest son, also named Aeneas Ranald, having predeceased him, be was succeeded by his grandson, Aeneas Ranald Westrop MacDonell, eldest son of the younger Aeneas Ranald.
Aeneas Ranald Westrop MacDonell, 20th Chief of Glengarry and representative of Scotus, was born on 5th December 1847, and educated at Eton. Choosing a career in commerce, he was latterly connected with a well-known firm of oil producers and refiners, of London, Baku and Moscow. While visiting Moscow in connection with the business of his firm in 1900, he contracted typhoid fever, from the effects of which he died. He married in 1874, Catherine Frances, only daughter of Henry Herries Creed who was descended through the Herries family from Red Gauntlet, by whom he had, Aeneas Ranald, his successor; Alastair Somerled, and Marion Lindsay. He died at Elm Park Road, Chelsea, on 2nd January 1901, in his fifty-third year.
Aeneas Ranald, 21st Chief of Glengarry and representative of Scotus, was born on 8th August, 1875, and educated at St Paul's School, London. On leaving school he began his career in banking, but resigned in 1896 to take up a post on his uncle's tea plantation in Ceylon where he spent five pleasant years, afterwhich the sudden death of his father necessitated his returning home. In 1902 he was in the employ of Schebauffe & Co., in Baku, where he became Bntish Vice-Consul during the First World War and had many daring adventures, narrowly escaping death and avoiding capture by the Bolsheviks. He served with the British forces in Southern Russia and Northern Persia until 1920, being mentioned in dispatches, and being made an honorary major and a CBE. He served as British Consul at Tiflis, Georgia, in Transcaucasia, from 1920 till 1923. He wrote a lively autobiography: "... And Nothing Long," published in 1938, in which he relates an amusing anecdote concerning his application in response to a newspaper advertisement for a King for Albania. On 10th September 1911, at Taupse, South Russia, he added his signature to a "treaty" already bearing the signatures of the Chiefs of Sleat and Clanranald, whereby each respected the claims the other two thought they had to the High Chiefship of Clan Donald, and agreed that on any occasion when more than one of them was present and the question of "pre-eminence and precedency" arose, the matter should be "decided for the occasion by lot without prejudice to the position and claims of any of us." The claims of the 6th Lord MacDonald of Slate were either ignored or overlooked, but on succeeding to that title in 1947, his grandson, Alexander Godfrey MacDonald, 7th Lord MacDonald, successfully petitioned for and was granted by the Lord Lyon, the undifferenced arms of "MacDonald of MacDonald", as Chief of the Narne and Arms of MacDonald (Lyon Register, Vol.36, Folio 44). Aeneas Ranald MacDonell of Glengarry and Scotus, married on 7th August, 1909, Dorah Edith, second daughter of Dr H.W. Hartford, Christchurch, Hampshire, by whom he had: Aeneas Ranald Donald, his successor, and Peter Alexander, now of Fortrose, Black Isle, Ross-shire. He died on 10th May 1941.
Aeneas Ranald Donald MacDonell, who succeeded his father as 22nd Chief of Glengarry, was born at Baku, Russia, on 15th November 1913. He entered the Royal Air Force College, Cranwell, and served in the Royal Air Force as a fighter pilot and flying instructor. In 1940, he became Squadron Leader of No.64 Spitfire Fighter Squadron, which he commanded during the Battle of Britain, until 1941 when his aircraft was shot down over enemy territory and he was made a prisoner of war. After the war he became Chief Flying Instructor at the RAF College, Cranwell, following service with the Ministry of Defence, to which he returned in 1952 and became Senior RAF Instructor Joint Services Staff College. In 1956 he was appointed British Air Attache in Moscow with the rank of Air Commodore a post for which he was well qualified, both professionally and on account of his family connections with, and personal knowledge of, Russia and its language, and in which post he remained until 1958. In 1960 he was appointed Director of Management and Work Study at the Ministry of Detence, Air Force Department, which appointment he held until his retirement from the Royal Air Force with the rank of Air Commodore in 1964. He received the DFC in 1940 and was made a Commander of the Bath (CB) in 1964. Since his retirement, he has been very active in his capacity as a Highland Clan Chief, having had a long and close association with the Clan Donald Society of Edinburgh, of which, with the other Chiefs of the Clan, he is an Honorary President. He has attended Highland gatherings representing his Clan, not only in Scotland and other parts of the United Kingdom, but in Canada, the United States of America and Australia. In these duties he has been ably supported by his wife Lois. He is a Trustee and member of the Executive Committee of the Clan Donald Lands Trust and a Trustee and Executive Committee Chairman of the recently formed Finlaggan Trust.
It was with much pleasure that Glengarry announced for the first time in public at the annual gathering of the Clan Donald Society of Edinburgh on 29th October, 1983, that the Arms of MacDonell of Scotus had, with his concurrence, been matriculated in the name and person of his youngest son, James Donald MacDonell, born on 15th June 1974.
For a full history of the MacDonells of Glengarry see "The Clanranald of Knoydart and Glengarry" by Norman H. MacDonald, FSA Scot.
Some passages from:
EXTRACT OF MATRICULATION OF THE ARMS OF JAMES DONALD MacDONELL OF SCOTUS
JAMES DONALD MacDONELL OF SCOTUS with the consent of his father Aeneas Ranald Donald MacDonell of Glengarry � having by Petition unto the Lord Lyon King of Arms date 10 November 1982 SHEWN; that he, the Petitioner (born Lambeth, London 15 June 1974) is the third son of Aeneas Ranald Donald MacDonell, 22nd Chief of Glengarry � and also Representer of the House of MacDonell of Scotus� And the Petitioner having prayed that the foresaid Ensigns Armorial might be matriculated In his own name with a suitable difference as Representer and Hereditary Head of the House of MacDonell of Scotus, the Lord Lyon King of Arms by Interlocutor of date 10 May 1983, Granted Warrant to the Lyon Clerk to matriculate in the Public Register of All Arms and Bearings in Scotland in name of the Petitioner and the heirs male of his body, whom failing to the then Chief of Glengarry for such re-settlement as he or his successors may see fit, the following Ensigns Armorial, VIDELICET:- Or, an eagle displayed Gules surmounted of a lymphad sable her sails furled up and rigging Proper, in dexter chief point a dexter hand couped in fess of the second and in sinister chief point a cross crosslet fitchee of the third, all within a bordure Azure charged of three castles triple towered Argent. Above the shield is placed an Helmet befitting his degree, with a Mantling Gules doubled Or, and on a Wreath of the Liveries is set for Crest a raven Proper on a rock per pale Azure and Argent, and in an Escrol over the same this Motto "CRAGAN AN FHITHICH" and in an Escrol below the shield this Motto "PER MARE.
Matriculated the 10th day of October1983. Extracted furth of the 88th page of the 66th Volume of the Public Register of All Arms and Bearings in Scotland this 12th day of October 1983.
(signed) J.I.D. Pottinger
Lyon Clerk and Keeper of the Records.
TO ALL AND SUNDRY WHOM THESE PRESENTS DO OR MAY CONCERN
WE, Malcolm Rognvald Innes of Edingight, Baron of Yeochrie, Commander of the Royal Victorian Order, Writer to Her Majesty's Signet, Lord Lyon King of Arms, Send Greeting:
Whereas, JAMES DONALD MacDONELL OF SCOTUS, with the consent of his father Aeneas Ranald Donald MacDonell of Glengarry, both residing at Elonbank, Castle Street, Fortrose, in the County of Ross, having by Petition unto Us of date 10 November 1982, SHEWN; that the Petitioner's said father as 10th Representer and Hereditary Head of the family of MacDonell of Scotus, being desirous that the House of MacDonell of Scotus should be continued armorially as a separate cadet of Glengarry, has accordingly resigned the Representation and Hereditary Headship of the said House of MacDonell of Scotus to the Petitioner; And the Petitioner having prayed that there might be granted unto him such Guidon as might be found suitable to him as 11th Representer and Hereditary Head of the House of MacDonell of Scotus, Know Ye therefore that We have Devised, and Do by these Presents Assign, Ratify and Confirm unto the Petitioner and the heirs male of his body, whom failing to the then Chief of Glengarry for such re-settlement as he or his successors may see fit, the following Guidon, as depicted upon the margin hereof, and matriculated of even date with these Presents upon the 91st page of the 66th Volume of Our Public Register of All Arms and Bearings in Scotland VIDELICET:- eight feet in length with rounded end, having the St. Andrew's Cross in the hoist, of five tracts of these Liveries Or and Gules thereon his crest (videlicet:-a raven Proper on a rock per pale Azure and Argent) and in the fly in letters Sable his Motto "CRAGAN AN FHITHICH"; In Testimony Whereof We have subscribed these Presents and the Seal of our Office is affixed hereto at Edinburgh, this 23rd day of November in the 32nd Year of the Reign of Our Sovereign Lady Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and of Her Other Realms and Territories, Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith, and in the Year of Our Lord One Thousand Nine Hundred and Eighty Three.
(signed) Malcolm R. Innes of Edingight,
Lyon.
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James II of Scotland
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2021-01-13T17:05:07+00:00
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James II of Scotland ruled as king from 1437 to 1460. Succeeding his murdered father James I of Scotland (r. 1406-1437), James inherited the throne as a child...
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World History Encyclopedia
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https://www.worldhistory.org/James_II_of_Scotland/
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James II of Scotland ruled as king from 1437 to 1460. Succeeding his murdered father James I of Scotland (r. 1406-1437), James inherited the throne as a child. The first part of his reign witnessed intense rivalries between rival barons, which sent Scotland into a civil war. The young king was nicknamed 'fiery face' because of a prominent birthmark on his face. From 1449, James reached maturity and began to take control of his kingdom, and he skilfully fostered allies, reduced the wealth and power of rival families, and championed new military technology. Having eliminated all rivals and made several attacks on northern England, the king died aged just 29 in August 1460 when a cannon he was standing next to exploded. He was succeeded by his son James III of Scotland (r. 1460-1488).
Succession
James I had spent 18 years confined by the kings of England before he returned to Scotland in 1424. The king shook up the nobility of Scotland, punishing those who had been disloyal in his absence and reshaping the estates, titles, and particularly earldoms that had been in place for centuries. The monarch was autocratic and lived an extravagant lifestyle. Unpopular taxes and a humiliating failure to take Roxburgh Castle in 1436 added to the ill-feeling, and the king was assassinated in Perth in February of the next year.
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three families were a source of endless rivalries & shifting allegiances: the Crichtons, the Douglases & the Livingstons.
James I's only son was born on 16 October 1430 in Holyrood Palace in Edinburgh and named after his father. Actually, there were twins, but the other boy, named Alexander, did not survive infancy. James junior gained the nickname 'fiery face' because of a large birthmark which covered the left side of his face, although he also became known for his fiery temper, too. Prince James' mother was Lady Joan Beaufort (c. 1400-1445), a niece of Henry IV of England (r. 1399-1413) and daughter of the Earl of Somerset. Fortunately, for Joan and Prince James, most of the nobility did not side with the murderers of James II and so the Stuart line continued to rule Scotland. Succeeding on 21 February 1437, James II was crowned on 26 March in Holyrood and not in the traditional site of Scone Abbey because of fears for the king's safety so far from the capital.
James was only six years old, and he would certainly have his work cut out to keep control of his kingdom. In the first instance, Earl Archibald Douglas, as James' closest adult male relative, became the King's Lieutenant-general or regent, and all was well. However, when Archibald died of a plague in June 1439, rivalries broke out between nobles, the queen and her second husband, the nobleman James Stewart (the 'Black Knight' of Lorne), and within the Douglas clan itself. As one historian notes, "documentary evidence for the 1440s is scanty, lending weight to the view that this was a time of turmoil" (Oram, 213).
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The king took advantage of Earl Douglas' pilgrimage to Rome in the autumn of 1450 to begin harassing Douglas lands.
Civil War
Over the next decade, three families, in particular, were a source of endless rivalries and shifting allegiances: the Crichtons (who controlled Edinburgh Castle), the Douglas earls and their wide network of family connections, and the Livingstons (who had entrenched themselves in the kingdom's administrative offices and who also controlled Stirling Castle). There were murders and executions on all sides. Then Queen Joan died in 1445. James' reign was about to get back on track, though, and the first step was on 3 July 1449 when he married the Burgundian noblewoman Mary of Gueldres (d. 1463), daughter of the Duke of Gueldres and niece of Philip the Good, the immensely powerful Duke of Burgundy. Not only did this union help trade relations with the Low Countries, but the king also acquired from Burgundy a useful number of cannons, including perhaps the famous Mons Meg, a giant cannon now on display in Edinburgh Castle.
In 1449, James reached maturity and wasted no time dealing with his cantankerous nobles. He stripped the Livingstons of much of their revenue-generating titles, but the chief threat was the Black Douglases who controlled three earldoms outright and insisted they had a legitimate claim to a fourth. The king took advantage of Earl William Douglas' pilgrimage to Rome in the autumn of 1450 to begin harassing Douglas lands and seizing key castles.
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The decisive moment in James' reign came in February 1452 when James invited William Douglas to Stirling Castle. The earl was promised safe conduct but the king, suspecting him of making treasonable alliances with a number of northern barons, got into a heated argument and stabbed him in the neck; his courtiers then finished off the earl. One medieval chronicler recorded that the earl's body had 26 stab wounds. Parliament absolved the king of any intention to kill the earl in June 1452, but a civil war followed anyway between the Black Douglases and those nobles loyal to the king (which included the Red Douglases of Angus). James put his cannons to good use and finally won the war three years later with the decisive Battle of Arkinholm and the capture of the last Douglas stronghold, Threave Castle. Senior members of the Douglas family were killed in action, executed, or exiled, and their estates were confiscated and redistributed to the king's two sons, John and Alexander.
Attacks on England
Apart from finally creating peace in his kingdom, James' other achievements included centralising his government, making the justice system more effective, increasing royal control over church appointments, and founding a new university in Glasgow in 1451. The king also took advantage of the disruption caused by the civil war in England now known as the Wars of the Roses (1455-1487) to attack lands on the other side of his southern border. Now that the Douglases had been put in their place, James could concentrate on using his armies outside Scotland. Notable targets were Berwick in 1455 and 1457, and the Isle of Man in 1456. None of these attacks was particularly successful, even if Northumberland was plundered, and a series of truces followed between the two countries.
At the end of July 1460, James, still very much enamoured with artillery and back on the warpath, laid siege to Roxburgh Castle, a mighty fortress that had seen a Stuart king come a cropper in the past. On 3 August, standing next to one mighty cannon, the king was killed when it exploded and a huge piece of iron sliced through his thigh bone. Ironically, the cannon was not even fired in anger but had been set off as a salute to the arrival of the queen at the siege, invited there by the king, such was his confidence in victory. At least Queen Mary pressed on with the siege and brought it to a successful conclusion five days later. James II was then buried at Holyrood.
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https://glasgowmuseumsartdonors.co.uk/2018/09/09/james-donald-1830-1905/
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James Donald (1830-1905)
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2018-09-09T00:00:00
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James Donald was one of the principal donors to the Kelvingrove Gallery. Over his lifetime, he collected paintings from The Hague School, French Barbizon School and also from British artists such as Turner and Constable. Towards the end of nineteenth century, he also used to loan a number of his paintings to exhibitions held in…
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https://s1.wp.com/i/favicon.ico
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Glasgow Museums Art Donors Group
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https://glasgowmuseumsartdonors.co.uk/2018/09/09/james-donald-1830-1905/
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James Donald was one of the principal donors to the Kelvingrove Gallery. Over his lifetime, he collected paintings from The Hague School, French Barbizon School and also from British artists such as Turner and Constable. Towards the end of nineteenth century, he also used to loan a number of his paintings to exhibitions held in Glasgow and Edinburgh. The bequest to the Gallery from James Donald in 1905, which contained paintings of the nineteenth century Dutch, French and British oil paintings and watercolours, set the foundation for the Kelvingrove Galleries’ Impressionist Collection. During his lifetime, James Donald also made significant donations to his home town of Bothwell.
James Donald was born in 1830 in Bothwell, Lanarkshire. His parents were Mr John Donald, a grocer and spirit dealer in Bothwell and Mrs Jane (Lang) Donald. He had two older brothers, John born in 1826 and Gavin born in 1828 and a younger brother Robert who died in infancy. After the deaths of his father John Donald in 1834, when our donor was only four years old, and his brother John Jr. in 1841 [1], his mother Mrs Jane Donald found herself running the business as grocer and spirit dealer alone and looking after two young boys. This difficult period in the Donald Family’s life is somehow relieved when Mrs Donald, our donor’s mother married George Miller, a manufacturing chemist in 1843 (the Banns were proclaimed in Bothwell and Glasgow). In the 1851 census, it is recorded that the family has moved to 3 James Street, Calton, Lanarkshire near Bridgeton. However, in this census, our donor, James Donald is not listed with the family. The occupation of Mr Miller, James Donald’s stepfather is listed as the Head of the household and his occupation is described as manufacturing chemist employing 74 men in his firm.
From the Glasgow Post Office Directories 1905-1906 [2] the name and the address of his stepfather’s Chemical Manufacturing firm to be:
Miller, George, & Co., gas coal-tar distillers, manufacturers of sulphate of ammonia, naphthas, benzoles, pitch, carbolic acid, creosote, and dipping oils; 40 West Nile Street.
The works; 89 Rumford St.
Miller, Geo., commission agent; 20 Smith St., Hillhead.
In the 1861 census, the Miller Family is still in Glasgow but James is still not with them. At the time of the 1861 census, the family had moved to 137 Greenhead St, Calton, Glasgow. In the 1871 census, James Donald re-appears. He is now 39 years old and the address is Wingfield Bothwell Lanarkshire. He is recorded as the stepson of the Householder George Miller (retired manufacturing chemist) and his occupation is recorded as Manufacturing Chemist.
During this period (1861), there appears to be a court case taken against George Miller and Company by the famous chemist James (Paraffin) Young and others with regard to some dispute over patent infringement [3]. However, the name of James Donald does not appear in the records quoted.
James Donald’s stepfather George Miller of Wingfield Bothwell died on the 5th January 1877. His estate was valued [4] at £13,649 8s 5d with an additional estate of £410.
In the 1881 census, James appears on the census as living at 5 Queens Terrace, Barony, Lanark. He is the head of the house and his brother Gavin is staying with him. There is also a domestic servant in the house by the name of Margaret Nicholson. In the 1891 census, it is recorded that James is now 60 years old and married to Emily Mary. Mr and Mrs Donald are living with their daughter also called Emily. There are four others in the household. Their address is recorded as: 5 Queens Terrace, Barony, Lanark.
In the 1901 census, James Donald appears in the English Census as living in 96 Anerly Park, Anerly, London SE, Borough of Camberwell, Hamlet of Penge. He is living with his wife Emily Mary and two servants. His son-in-law Harry Busby lives with Emily at 94 Anerly Park, Anerly, London.
On the 16th March 1905, Mr James Donald died. The following notice was recorded in the Death Notices of the Glasgow Herald [5] of 21st March 1905:
Donald, – At 96 Anerly Park Anerly, London on 16th March (inst.) James Donald also of 5 Queens Terrace, Glasgow – Friends please accepts this (the only) intimation.
The key words which was used in this search was ‘manufacturing chemist’, the profession of Mr James Donald. It was evident that James Donald, the donor, worked in his stepfather’s firm, George Miller and Co. in Glasgow as a Manufacturing Chemist. Because of the scientific nature of his profession, initially, it was assumed that he might have been a graduate of Glasgow University. However, a search in the register of graduates revealed that his name did not appear there. We know that all university students do not necessarily graduate for one reason or another. Therefore, it is possible that Mr Donald may have attended the university but not graduated. No further search was made as to his university education.
From his collection which was bequeathed in 1905, it was clear that he was a keen art collector. As there were a number of well known art dealers in Glasgow in the 1880s, such as Alexander Reid and Craig Angus, it was fairly easy for him to indulge in collecting the works of the new art of the era. Our donor was particularly interested in the artists of the Hague School of the Netherlands and French Realists such as Jozef Israëls and Jean Francoise Millet respectively.
Furthermore, it is known that he also made significant contributions to Bothwell, the town of his birth. Firstly, in 1880, he donated the Centre Window of the Bothwell Parish Church [6]. This is a three-light window whose theme is a series of six parables drawn by Sir John E Millais R A which originally appeared in a magazine called “Good Words” edited by Dr Norman Macleod [7] in the 1860s. Other portions of the windows were designed and the entire work was executed by Cottier & Co. of London in 1880. A picture of this window is depicted below.
An inscription on the brass plate beneath the picture states “This window was gifted by Mr James Donald in expression of his appreciation of the order in which the parish Church graveyard had been put by the Heritor’s of Bothwell during the Ministry of the Rev. John Pagan M A, March 1880.”
Secondly, another contribution of James Donald was to erect a monument to Joanna Baillie, who was a famous daughter of Bothwell. Her father, Rev. James Baillie (c.1722–1778), was a Presbyterian minister and briefly, during the two years before his death, a Professor of Divinity at the University of Glasgow. Her mother Dorothea Hunter (c.1721–1806) was a sister of the great physicians and anatomists, William and John Hunter.
Joanna Baillie was born in the manse behind the church on 11th September 1762. Her father having died in 1776, Joanna and the family moved to London where she was later to become a friend of Sir Walter Scott. Joanna spent the rest of her life in Hampstead where she is buried. Here, she was to gain fame as a poet and a playwright, often writing in her native lowland Scots dialect, her verse “Family Legend” being one of her best known works. A picture of the Joanna Bailley Memorial is shown below. More information about Bothwell Church and Joanna Baillie monument may be obtained from the links below.
The third important contribution made by James Donald to the town of Bothwell was to leave money in his will for a place of education and recreation for boys. This resulted in the building of the Donald Institute in 1910 by the architect Alexander Cullen who had secured the commission by competition. Later, the Donald Institute was converted to Bothwell Public Library which to this day contains a room dedicated to James Donald called the “Donald Institute”. More information can be obtained from the following link:
http://www.bothwellhistoricalsociety.co.uk/about4.html
When he died on 16th March 1905, James Donald bequeathed to the Corporation in trust of the City of Glasgow a large number of paintings and bric-a-brac. A descriptive inventory and valuation of the pictures etc. had been prepared by an expert, who had valued the bequest at over £42,000 (in the year of 1905). The pictures include some of the finest examples of Turner, W.Q. Orchardson, Velasquez, Corot, Rousseau, Millet, Kalf and other eminent artists. The copies of the official minutes are kept by the Corporation of the City of Glasgow, in chronological order. Below are the 4 of his 40 paintings that James Donald gifted to the Gallery.
References:
[1] Graves of his Father and two brothers http://www.memento-mori.co.uk/88.pdf
[2] Mitchell Library, Glasgow, PO Glasgow Directory, 1905-1906, p. 542.
[3] Corporate. May 2010. Shale Oil. https://www.scottishshale.co.uk/KnowledgePages/Companies/Miller_John&Co.html. [Accessed on 19 March 2018].
[4] Confirmations and Inventories,. Mitchell Library. Glasgow. Year 1877, p 382.
[5] Death Notices. 21st March 1905. Glasgow Herald.
[6] Bothwell Parish Church http://bothwellparishchurch.org.uk/history/the-centre-window/. [Accessed on 19 March 2018].
[7] Dr Norman Macleod, Good Words. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_Words, [Accessed on 19 March 2018].
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https://www.archives.gov/research/jfk/select-committee-report/part-2b.html
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Findings on Martin Luther King, Jr. Assassination
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2016-08-15T17:27:05-04:00
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B. The Committee Believes, on the Basis of the Circumstantial Evidence Available to it, that there is a Likelihood that James Earl Ray Assassinated Dr.
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National Archives
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https://www.archives.gov/research/jfk/select-committee-report/part-2b.html
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B. The Committee Believes, on the Basis of the Circumstantial Evidence Available to it, that there is a Likelihood that James Earl Ray Assassinated Dr. Martin Luther King, JR., as a Result of a Conspiracy
The FBI Investigation
The committee's investigation
Transactional analysis
Ray's associates examined
Examination of Ray's motive
Ray's racial attitudes examined
Ego gratification as a motive
The prospect of financial reward
Conclusion on motive
General indications of a conspiracy
Transactions as evidence of associations
The brothers, John and Jerry Ray
Evidence of Ray's contact with his brothers, 1967-68
Missouri State Penitentiary escape
The Alton bank robbery
Bank robbery modus operandi analysis
A brother was Raoul
The brothers and the rifle purchase
Motive with respect to John and Jerry Ray
Evidence of a conspiracy in St. Louis
The Byers allegation
The backgrounds of Kauffmann and Sutherland
Connectives to James Earl Ray
Conclusion
As noted, the committee concluded that James Earl Ray was the assassin of Dr. King. Other aspects of the assassination remained to be examined. What was Ray's motive? Was he assisted in any way? Was there a conspiracy involved in Dr. King's death?
Several facts conditioned the thinking of law enforcement officials and the American public since the day of the assassination: Dr. King was an important leader of the civil rights movement; he was shot down in a southern city by a single shot from a high-powered rifle in the midst of a series of turbulent civil rights demonstrations; only one assailant was seen fleeing the scene. To most, there would seem to be reason to believe, therefore, that a lone assassin, acting out of racial animosity, committed the assassination.
1. THE FBI INVESTIGATION
Indeed, as the FBI's investigation in 1968 progressed after that tragic day in April, the theory that Ray was a lone, racially motivated assassin gained plausibility. With the identification of Ray as the probable assassin, an extensive background investigation began. Missouri State Penitentiary inmates provided evidence indicating his distaste for association with Black inmates. Further evidence of racial incidents was developed in California and Mexico that reflected both a volatile temper and a deep-seated racial prejudice. Finally, in early interviews with the FBI, members of Ray's family---and particularly his brothers--exhibited strong strains of racism. Although he held open the possibility of conspiracy. FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover's views had become clear by June 20, when he wrote a memorandum summarizing a discussion with Attorney General Ramsey Clark:
I said I think Ray is a racist and detested Negroes and Martin Luther King and there is indication that prior to the Memphis situation, he had information about King speaking in other towns and then picked out Memphis. (1)
This view of the assassination is reflected in the work of some prominent authors who have written on the subject. (2) In addition, committee interviews with FBI and Justice Department officials involved in the original investigation indicated a general consensus that Ray was a loner who was motivated in the assassination primarily by racial hatred. Finally, while a 1977 Justice Department Task Force proposed varying interpretations of Ray's ultimate motivation;(3)1 it, too, agreed that he acted alone in the assassination.
1The task force report, while noting in Ray "a strong racist attitude toward Blacks," concluded that his motive was a combination of "apparent hatred for the civil rights movement; his possible yearning for recognition, and a desire for a potential quick profit."
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The committee recognized that despite the results of earlier investigations, a respectable body of public opinion supported the theory that the King assassination was the product of a conspiracy. In addition, the committee was faced with a variety of well-publicized conspiracy allegations, most based on speculation and not rounded on fact, and many of them inconsistent with one another.
2. THE COMMITTEE INVESTIGATION
The committee approached the issue of conspiracy with a range of investigative techniques. Where applicable, the committee relied on the skills of scientific experts,(4) retaining panels in the fields of forensic pathology, firearms, fingerprint analysis, handwriting analysis and polygraphy; it also contracted with an engineering firm for a survey of the assassination scene. Finally, the committee undertook an extensive program of file reviews, field interviews, depositions and hearings. Where necessary, immunity grants were employed to compel the testimony of witnesses who claimed their privilege against self-incrimination.
(a) Transactional analysis
A major undertaking in the field investigation was an examination of Ray's known transactions during the 14 months from his escape from the Missouri State Penitentiary in April 1967 to his arrest in London in June 1968. The committee closely examined each transaction for any indication that might lead to a finding of conspiracy on April 4, 1968. The committee traced every step of Ray's travels after his escape--to suburban Chicago, where he worked as a dishwasher; to the area of St. Louis, Mo., home of his brother, John Larry Ray; to Montreal and to a resort in the Laurentian Mountains, where he vacationed; to Birmingham, Ala., where he purchased an automobile; to Mexico and to Los Angeles, where he lived for 4 months until March 1968, except for a brief trip to New Orleans in December; and finally on his circuitous trip eastward, in mid-March 1968, a trip that ended with the assassination in Memphis and Ray's flight to Europe via Canada.
(b) Ray's associates examined
The committee conducted a similar examination of Ray's known or alleged associates, concentrating on those with whom he was actually or reportedly in contact during the 14-month period. They included members of his family, especially his two brothers, John and Jerry: the mysterious Raoul, Ray's alleged criminal associate; Charles and Rita Stein and Marie Martin, Ray's acquaintances in California and several individuals alleged to have been associated with Ray.
In addition to closely examining Ray and his associates in an effort to find indications of conspiracy, the committee considered a variety of conspiracy leads to see if any could be independently established as valid or connected to Ray. The committee also investigated a variety of extremist organizations, including the Ku Klux Klan and the Minutemen, to determine if they were involved in the assassination or linked to Ray. Finally, the committee examined more than 20 specific conspiracy theories or allegations. Some were significant and
Page 327
received close attention; the committee looked at others, however, that could be, and were, discredited by a routine check of facts.
By and large, the committee's investigation of suspect organizations and its exhaustive check of the specific theories and miscellaneous allegations produced negative results. In many cases these results were, in light of the mutually exclusive character of the allegations, predictable. The committee was satisfied, however, that its effort was not wasted, for it provided a sound evidentiary basis for settling a variety of long-lingering questions and eliminating deep concerns.2
3. INVESTIGATION OF RAY'S MOTIVE
Motive is, of course, an integral element of any murder. Its significance is readily apparent in an examination of criminal trials, where the absence of convincing evidence of motive will often lead to an acquittal. Such evidence is not, at least legally, a necessary element of the prosecutor's proof. Nevertheless, many juries are simply unwilling to convict a defendant for such a crime without first receiving a satisfactory explanation to the question, "Why?"
In addition, the question of motive is intertwined in the issue of conspiracy. Several different, yet complementary, motives, if established, could be consistent with a single assassin theory. If, for example, Ray were found to possess a strain of virulent racism, a lone assassin theory would be viable. Similarly, if it was established that Ray were driven by a psychological need for recognition in the criminal community, his involvement in a notorious crime such as the assassination, without the help or urging of others, would likewise be understandable. Nevertheless, to the extent that a theory tied to Ray's racism or some other motive did not provide a satisfactory rationale, other explanations had to be sought. And with each additional explanation, its consistency with a lone assassin theory had to be tested anew.
In its examination of the question of motive, the committee was aware that its ability ultimately to resolve this issue was necessarily limited. Ray consistently denied his involvement in Dr. King's murder. The committee, therefore, did not have access to the most probative evidence--Ray's own explanation for his conduct. In the absence of a confession, the committee was forced to rely on the testimony of others and on an analysis of Ray's conduct. This evidence was valuable, but it was unsatisfactory for the purpose of understanding the complexities of Ray's psyche, which might lead to firm conclusions on the issue of motive.
(a) Ray's racial attitudes examined
The committee's investigation of Ray's racial attitudes was extensive, in keeping with the significance of the issue. Ray, several family members, and a large number of Ray's associates were questioned on the subject. An effort was also made to explore the significance of certain alleged incidents in his past that have been identified as showing strong racial animosity.
2A discussion of the committee's investigation of private organizations and of miscellaneous conspiracy allegations appears in section II C of this report. The committee's discussion of possible official complicity appears in section II D of this report.
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It had been reported, for example, that while at Missouri State Penitentiary, Ray exhibited extreme hatred for Black prisoners and for Martin Luther King as well. (5) To verify this allegation, the committee reviewed some 70 FBI inmate interviews, compiling a smaller list of inmates who had worked with Ray, celled near or with him, or who professed knowledge of his personal life and habits. The committee then interviewed approximately 30 prison associates of Ray.(6) While some recalled that Ray had demonstrated anti-Black feelings, the majority said he was not a racist. On balance, therefore, the committee viewed the inmate testimony as essentially inconclusive. It could not be relied on as proof that Ray harbored the kind of deep-seated, racial animosity that might, on its own, trigger the assassination of Dr. King.
The committee also closely examined the facts surrounding two incidents with alleged racial overtones that occurred within a year before the assassination. They occurred in Canada and Mexico. William Bradford Huie, author of "He Slew the Dreamer," had written that a female companion of Ray in Canada in the summer of 1967 told him that Ray spoke disparagingly of Blacks during a dinner conversation. According to Huie, she said:
I can't remember how the subject came up. But he said something like, "You got to live near niggers to know 'em." He meant that he had no patience with the racial views of people like me who don't "know niggers" and that all people who "know niggers" hate them. (7)
Despite the assistance of the Canadian authorities, the woman, a Canadian citizen living in Canada in 1978, declined to be interviewed, so the committee was able only to review the files of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), which were attained by committee subpoena from local authorities. During her RCMP interview, the woman said Ray never indicated any hatred of Blacks and never mentioned Dr. King in her presence. Once more, therefore, the committee's evidence tended to pull in opposite directions.
The second incident that had been cited to show Ray's racism occurred when he was in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, in October 1967. Manuela Aguirre Medrano who, using the professional name of Irma Morales, worked at a brothel named the Casa Susana, allegedly told in 1968 of an incident involving Ray, or "Galt," as he was calling himself at the time. Galt reportedly arrived at the Casa Susana about 9 p.m. on a Sunday. He and Morales drank together. At a nearby table, there was a group that included four Blacks, sailors who worked on a private yacht. Morales said Galt became angered at the Blacks, one or more of whom were laughing noisily. He told Morales he hated Blacks, and he went over to their table and insulted one of them. Then, he went to his car, returned and stopped to berate the Blacks again. When he got back to his own table, he asked Morales to feel his pocket. She noted he was carrying a pistol. Galt said he intended to kill the Blacks. When one of them came over to Galt's table to try to make peace, Galt muttered another insult. When the Blacks left, Galt appeared to want to go after them, but Morales told him it was about time for the police to pay a 10 p.m. visit. Galt said he wanted nothing to do with the
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police. (8) This incident had since been reported in the writings of popular authors(9) and was often cited as support for the proposition that Ray harbored racial hatred toward Blacks.
When investigated by the committee, the evidence was contradictory With the assistance of the Mexican authorities, the committee reinterviewed Morales in Puerto Vallarta. (10) Her recollection of her association with Ray and of her period of employment at the Casa Susana seemed clear and exact; further, her memory on many subjects was corroborated by other evidence and testimony taken by the committee. Yet her description of the alleged incident varied significantly from the published reports.
Morales explained that she and "Galt" had been seated in the club when a Black sailor from a nearby table of both Black and white sailors touched her as he was attempting to maneuver past them. She recalled thinking that the sailor was drunk, causing him to stumble as he passed her. He reached out and touched her, she explained, in an effort to break his fall. Morales added that the sailor was escorted out by another sailor and that Galt did become angry. Nevertheless, it was her opinion that Galt's anger was prompted by the sailor touching her, and not because of his race. She said further that Ray never mentioned his feelings about Blacks to her. Indeed, she said that conversation had been quite limited because of the language barrier.
The committee found that Morales was a reliable witness on this point, who was certain of her recollections of the Casa Susana incident. It would appear, therefore, that the racial overtones of this incident were seriously distorted, both in the original reports and in subsequent popularized versions of the event. (11)
While two of the most widely circulated stories of Ray's racism did not withstand careful scrutiny, the committee noted that a number of Ray's reported actions or statements did tend to manifest racist attitudes. In sworn testimony before the committee, Alexander Anthony Eist, a former member of Scotland Yard who had extensive contact with Ray during the first hours of his confinement in London, as well as during trips between prison and the extradition hearings, recalled specific examples of anti-Black sentiments expressed by Ray. (12)3 In addition, Ray's interests in emigration to the white supremist nations of Rhodesia and South Africa, while probably just an effort to reach a country where English was spoken and where there might be sympathy for the assassination, could also be evidence of Ray's support of the general notion of white supremacy. (13)
The committee saw a need to scrutinize closely the evidence bearing on Ray's racial attitudes. In light of the contradictory evidence, the committee was unwilling to conclude that deepseated hatred of Blacks
3The committee conducted an investigation of Eist's background in an attempt to establish his reliability as a witness. It learned that in 1976, Eist had been charged with conspiracy to commit corruption and conspiracy to prevent the course of justice. In 1978, however, Eist was found not guilty on all counts in a directed verdict. (See MLK Exhibit F-136, certificate of acquittal, IV HSCA-MLK Hearings, 28.) The committee further learned that Eist had given his account of conversations with Ray to three other persons previously, a London newspaper reporter in 1968 (see MLK Exhibit F-131, Owen Summers' statement, Nov. 2, 1978, IV HSCA-MLK Hearings, 46) and an American serviceman and his wife in 1977. (See MLK Exhibit F-132, 133, statements of David and Connie Meurinas, Nov. 2, 1978, IV HSCA-MLK Hearings, 49, 52.) The committee also noted that Eist was honorably retired with full pension from Scotland Yard. (See MLK Exhibit F-137, certificate of retirement, IV HSCA-MLK Hearings, 12) The committee determined that Eist had testified in good faith and to the best of his recollection.
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was the sole or even the primary motivating factor in Ray's decision to murder Dr. King. While the committee was satisfied that Ray's lack of sympathy toward Blacks and the civil rights movement permitted him to undertake the assassination, it was equally convinced that the murder did not stem from racism alone.
(b) Ego gratification as a motive
The committee also examined the possibility that Ray assassinated Dr. King in an effort to gain recognition and gratification of his ego.4 This psychological motive had chiefly been promoted by Huie in his book "He Slew the Dreamer." (15) Huie supported this theory, in part, through an examination of Ray's activities in California in early 1968, prior to the assassination. He noted Ray's inability to secure legitimate employment; Rays dancing lessons, indicative of a "fantasy" of "doing the rhumba in some South American country from which he could never be extradited;"(16) and his consultation of "no fewer than eight different psychiatrists, hypnotists, and scientologists, trying to find relief from his depressions and feelings of inadequacy." (17)
Huie concluded:
Ray didn't want to remain a nobody among prisoners all his life. Ray wanted to make the "Top Ten" ...Ray wanted to see his own face in full color on his favorite TV show. Ray thought that attention and recognition would relieve his feelings of inadequacy and make him feel like somebody. (18)
That the psychological motive could not be summarily dismissed was also evidenced by the testimony of Eist. Eist told the committee that during discussions with Ray pending his extradition, he had been able to establish a rapport with Ray and that Ray had expressed a feeling of pride for his act. In particular, Eist recalled Ray's interest in the publicity he would receive in the news media:
...He was continually asking me how could he hit the headlines in the newspapers, and he kept wanting news of publicity....
...In fact, he said to me, when I told him it hadn't really made too much of an impact in the British press, that is, as far as he was concerned, he was telling me, you haven't seen anything yet. I will be in the headlines one of these days. He was quite proud of the fact that he was going to make the headlines. (19)
The committee also interviewed a former inmate associate of Ray, George Ben Edmondson, who characterized Ray as a man in need of substantial egotistical fulfillment and who recalled speculation among
4The committee carefully considered assembling a panel of psychiatrists to explore why Ray murdered Dr. King, and in particular the theory that he did so out of a need for ego gratification. A list of prominent candidates was compiled, and interviews were conducted with the doctors. (14) A clear majority raised objections to the proposed project; the main objection was the probability that Ray would refuse to cooperate. They also noted the current controversy over the validity of psychiatric examinations that are not based on extensive analysis of the subject himself. Based on this advice, as well as other considerations, the committee decided to forego the idea of a psychiatric panel.
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Missouri State penitentiary inmates that Ray killed Dr. King to gain a measure of self-importance. (20)
Taken as a whole, however, the evidence that Ray was motivated in the assassination by a pressing need for recognition was not substantial. Many of Ray's activities in Los Angeles, including his purchase of dance lessons, his enrollment in bartending school, and his employment of a professional psychiatrist and a hypnotist, may have merely manifested an effort to attain self-confidence. Similarly, the committee noted that there was an ego-satisfying dimension to Ray's purchase of a late-model sports car and his reported practice of regularly paying for drinks in a Los Angeles nightspot with $20 bills. (21) To argue that Ray killed Dr. King to become somebody, however, necessarily must assume that Ray expected to be identified. The credible evidence did not support that possibility. While it has been argued that Ray dropped the bundle of evidence outside Canipe's Amusement Co. to insure his identification as the assassin, the committee rejected this theory. Investigation at the crime scene revealed this at the time of the assassination at least 13 members of the Memphis Police Department were at a fire station south of Bessie Brewer's roominghouse on South Main Street.(22) Further, an official police car parked in the fire station parking lot protruded onto the sidewalk on the east side of South Main Street and would have been clearly visible to Ray as he fled south from the roominghouse. The committee believed that Ray threw the bundle of evidence down in a moment of panic, probably triggered by his seeing police activity or the police vehicle.5
In addition, Ray used two new aliases during the period immediately preceding the assassination and went to a Los Angeles plastic surgeon, Both acts reflect a concerted effort to avoid identification as the assassin. The committee was, therefore, unwilling to conclude that Ray's participation in the assassination resulted solely from a need for recognition and ego-fulfillment.
(c) The prospect of financial reward
Having found in neither race nor psychology adequate motivation for the assassination, the committee considered a third possibility: financial reward. The committee found substantial evidence that Ray might have been lured by the prospect of money.
Once more, however, the evidence was not uncontroverted. First, while Ray had a background of financially motivated crime, none of it involved physical violence.(23) From his military discharge in 1948 to the King assassination 20 years later, Ray had spent 14 years in prison. In 1949, he had been convicted of burglary in California and sentenced to 8 months. Returning to the Midwest after serving that term, he was arrested for robbery in 1952 and served 2 years. Shortly after his release, he was, in 1955, convicted for forging an endorsement on a money order and sentenced to 3 years at Leavenworth Federal Penitentiary. In 1959, he was arrested in the armed robbery of a St. Louis grocery store and was sentenced to 20 years at the Missouri State Penitentiary under the State's habitual offender law. He was serving
5During a taped interview with the committee, Eist recalled Ray admitting that he threw the gun away after seeing police activity. (III, MLK-HSCA hearings, 274).
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this term when he escaped from MSP, just short of a year before the assassination.
Apart from Ray's criminal record, there was the question of Ray's general character: Here the committee found significant, the opinions of Ray's brothers, John and Jerry, both given at the time Ray was named in the King assassination and in hearings before the committee.
In an interview with the St. Louis Post-Dispatch(24) the day following his brother's 1968 arrest, John Ray speculated on the possible motive:
If my brother did kill King he did it for a lot of money-- he never did anything if it wasn't for money--and those who paid him wouldn't want him sitting in a courtroom telling everything he knows.
In the committee's public hearings in November 1978, John Ray was asked if his statement was accurately recorded. He responded "I expect so." (25)
Similar indications of Ray's willingness to commit crimes, and possibly the assassination, for money were voiced by Ray's second brother, Jerry Ray, around the time of the assassination. In a conversation with an acquaintance, Jerry's general response to a question concerning his brother's involvement in the assassination was:
This is his business. I didn't ask him. If I was in his position and had 18 years to serve and someone offered me a lot of money to kill someone I didn't like anyhow and get me out of the country, I'd do it. (26)
In other conversations with the same individual,(27) Jerry stated that his brother had been paid a substantial sum for the assassination.6
Jerry Ray was questioned during public hearings concerning these statements. While denying his brother's knowing involvement in a conspiracy, his comments were illuminating to the search for Ray's motive:
It might have been true. I can't remember exactly what I said, but I have told other people. I said if he done it there had to be a lot of money involved because he wouldn't do it for hatred or just because he didn't like somebody, because that, is not his line of work. (28)
In a subsequent portion of his testimony, Jerry Ray described his initial feelings concerning the assassination:
...before I knew anything about the murder, you know, before it happened, my kind of opinion was that he was involved some way; I didn't know if he was unknowingly involved or knowingly involved, but I knew there had to be a lot of money involved in it before he would get involved in anything like that. (29)
As in the earlier mentioned possibilities concerning motive, the evidence before the committee was not without contradictions. Ray's par-
6In committee testimony, Jerry Ray denied knowledge of a payoff in the assassination. Moreover, it is unclear whether his statements to the female acquaintance reflected his perception of the truth, speculation, or outright fabrication. The committee believed, however, that the statements were made as reported.
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ticipation in a London bank robbery shortly before his arrest (30) and his impecunious condition at the time of his arrest were strong indications that if the assassination were financially motivated, he did not receive a payoff. Further, despite a major effort by the committee, no evidence of a payoff was uncovered. The committee noted, however, that contrary to popular impression, contract killings are not generally paid for in advance. Ray's failure to receive payment may have resulted from his panicky, unplanned flight abroad following the assassination. It is also possible that his coconspirators welshed on their payment to him.
Even though it could find no evidence of a payoff, the committee was convinced by Ray's lifetime pattern of crime for profit and by testimony about his general character that one explanation for the assassination probably lay in Ray's expectation of financial reward.7
(d) Conclusion on motive
In conclusion, the committee's investigation of Ray's motive revealed that while Ray's general lack of sympathy for Blacks or the civil rights movement would have allowed him to commit the assassination without qualms, his act did not stem from racism alone. The committee was convinced that while Ray's decision to assassinate Dr. King may have reflected a desire to participate in an important crime, his predominant motive lay in an expectation of monetary gain. This conclusion necessarily raised the possibility of conspiracy?8
4. GENERAL INDICATIONS OF CONSPIRACY
In its investigation of Ray's transactions and associates over the 14 months subsequent to his escape from Missouri State Penitentiary, the committee looked for associates during this period who had not previously been connected to Ray; activities or transactions with these associates of a criminal nature or that might indicate complicity in the assassination itself; and activities and transactions with known associates that had not been previously known or fully understood and that might have led to the assassination.
As a fugitive, Ray was on the move in 1967-68; he lived in second-rate motels and cheap roominghouses. During much of the period, he was observed to be a man alone, a man without friends or lasting associates. In Mexico, his companions were prostitutes and bartenders.(31) In California, he was a regular visitor at the Sultan Room of the St. Francis Hotel, but he was normally alone unless conversing with employees of the bar. (32) While some of Ray's activities, such as his enrollment in dancing and bartending school in Los Angeles, brought him into regular contact with others, a close investigation of these activities revealed that significant friendships or associations never developed.(33) A large portion of the committee's evidence, therefore, provided no signs of association or of criminal involvement
7The committee considered and rejected the possibility that Ray's expectations of financial gain lay with the possibility of royalties, film rights and other forms of payment for his story. This theory would necessarily assume a plan to be identified after the crime, a theory that the committee had previously rejected.
8A detailed examination of several additional incidents examined by the committee during its motive investigation is included in a staff report entitled Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Supplemental Studies Pertaining to the Motive of James Earl Ray. XIII Appendix to the HSCA-MLK Hearings, p. 241.
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with individuals beyond the innocent relationships identified in previous investigations of the assassination.
(a) Transactions as evidence of associations
Despite this general picture of a lonely, uninvolved individual, the committee's investigation of three separate transactions provided definite evidence of association in some instances criminal--with other individuals. They were Ray's activities in California on behalf of the American Independent Party; his brief, but possibly sinister, trip to New Orleans in December 1967; and his purchase of the murder weapon in Birmingham, Ala., at the end of March 1968. Much of the evidence of these transactions did not suggest a direct link to the assassination. It did convince the committee, however, that the generally accepted image of Ray wandering aimlessly around the country until he reached a lonely decision to assassinate Dr. King was not a complete picture.
Ray's rather abrupt involvement with recruiting activity on behalf of the American Independent Party in California, while not criminal in nature, strongly suggested association with others.9 Ray's life to this point had been, from all known indicators, apolitical. He was not a "joiner" or a "grassroots" volunteer. In addition, as a convicted felon and escaped convict, he could not expect to vote or to achieve a paid position in the California AlP. His recruitment of three individuals (34) to register in support of Governor Wallace of Alabama and the AIP, therefore, stood in stark contrast to a prior life of political inactivity. Further, Charles Stein, one of the three individuals recruited by Ray, recalled that Ray appeared familiar with the AIP headquarters, as well as with the registering procedures, (35) thus suggesting additional campaign activity not disclosed during the investigation. Standing alone, Ray's AIP activity raised the definite possibility of association with individuals unidentified during earlier investigations.
Of similar interest was the evidence on Ray's abrupt trip to New Orleans in December 1967. Ray's partner on the trip was California resident Charles Stein.10 Stein was going to New Orleans to pick up his sister's children. The purpose of Ray's trip could not be determined, although the committee found it likely that Ray met secretly with another associate in New Orleans. The secretive nature of that meeting was significant, if not sinister. Stein was certain when he testified before the committee in executive session (37) that Ray had his own reason for the cross-country drive. He recalled that Ray told him about a place where he was to meet an associate or associates, and he said that once or twice en route to New Orleans, Ray stopped to make a telephone call. Stein speculated that in one of the calls, Ray
9In identifying the association of James Earl Ray with the American Independent Party and the Presidential campaign of George Wallace, the committee did not mean to imply that either the party or Wallace had any relation to the events in Memphis. As in all large movements or any nationwide campaign, not everyone in the movement or the campaign can be held responsible for the acts of all those in some way associated with it.
10The committee devoted a significant portion of its investigative resources to Stein. It was ultimately satisfied that his association with Ray was unrelated to the assassination for four reasons: (1) pronounced personality differences between Ray and Stein; (2) evidence that they met only a day before the New Orleans trip; (3) Stein's emphatic and sworn denials of criminal involvement with Ray; and (4) extensive questioning of friends and relatives of Stein in New Orleans and Los Angeles.(36)
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informed an associate of his arrival time. Further, Stein recounted how Ray told him, after they had been in New Orleans for part of a day, that he had seen Stein walking in the French Quarter with his son. Ray explained he had been drinking in a Canal Street bar at the time, and Stein figured Ray had been with someone or else he would have called to him.
Stein also testified that Ray was ready to return to California the day after they arrived in New Orleans. His testimony and the willingness of Ray, an escaped prisoner, to drive several thousand miles, risking a random vehicle check, were additional reliable indications that Ray's purpose in going to New Orleans was to attend one brief but important meeting. (38)11
The committee discovered sound indications that Ray was not alone, or at least not without someone to consult, when he purchased the murder weapon in Birmingham on March 29-30, 1968. First, the fact that he bought one rifle on the 29th, then exchanged it for another-- the murder weapon--on the 30th, indicated the possibility of advice from an associate. In addition, Donald Wood, Jr., the clerk at Aeromarine Supply Co. where the rifle purchase and exchange took place, told the committee that while Ray was unaccompanied in his visits to the store, Ray said he had been advised by someone that the first rifle, a .243 caliber Remington, was not the one he wanted.(41) In an FBI interview days after the assassination, Wood recalled that Ray said he had been talking to his brother. (42) Ray told the committee he got his advice on the rifle purchase from Raoul. (43) The committee's investigation, however, provided no concrete evidence of the existence of a Raoul.12 The committee concluded that the circumstances surrounding the rifle purchase constituted significant signs of unwitting aid, if not knowing complicity, in the assassination itself.13
A final indication of criminal association between Ray and others in the period before and after the assassination arose from an analysis of Ray's spending patterns.(44) The committee estimated that Ray spent approximately $9,000 during his 14 months of freedom. That figure included $1,800 for lodging, $900 for food and drink, $400 for gasoline and $5,700 for miscellaneous purchases--his cars, dance lessons, airline tickets, camera equipment, clothing, the rifle and so on. Except for 6 weeks as a dishwasher in a restaurant outside Chicago, for which he earned $664.34. Ray was unemployed over the 14 months. The committee concluded that the most likely source of his funding was criminal activity. In light of Ray's record of criminal ventures in combination with others, the committee felt that this criminal activity provided an additional indication of possible involvement with others.
11The committee also received the sworn testimony of a New Orleans friend of Stein's, Anthony Charles De Carvelho, who stated that he brought Ray to the Provincial Motel for a meeting with an unidentified individual on the day of Ray's arrival in New Orleans. (39) Despite the committee's general feeling that De Carvelho was an honest and sincere witness, there were serious problems with his testimony. First, on several points his account was inconsistent with Stein's. Second, De Carvelho's statements concerning a Provincial Motel meeting in New Orleans did not appear in the reports of his FBI interviews conducted immediately following the assassination. (40) In the absence of independent corroboration of a Provincial Motel meeting, the committee decided to discount De Carvelho's testimony.
12See section II Z of this report for discussion of Ray's "Raoul" story.
13The committee's investigation of the rifle purchase is more thoroughly detailed in sec. II A 3.
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Ray's explanation, which the committee rejected, was that he received a total of $7,750 from Raoul for two smuggling ventures at the Canadian and Mexican borders and for being available for future crimes, including the gunrunning operation which, Ray claimed, was the reason he went to Memphis.
Thus, the committee's analysis of Ray's AIP recruiting in California, his abrupt trip to New Orleans in December 1967, the Birmingham rifle purchase shortly before the assassination, and his spending habits provided ample evidence, not only of associates, but of criminal associations during the 14-month fugitive period. What had to be determined, therefore, was whether these associations could be linked to the assassination of Dr. King.
5. THE BROTHERS, JOHN AND JERRY RAY
The committee viewed the likelihood of a financial motive in the assassination as one general indication of conspiracy. The finding, however, brought the committee no closer to identifying Ray's accomplice(s). Similarly, while several of Ray's activities suggested his preassassination involvement with others, there was no immediate evidence of their identity. The committee's investigation, therefore, necessarily focused on the assassin's known associates, including his brothers, Gerald William Ray and John Larry Ray.
The committee's decision to direct its attention to the brothers reflected a variety of considerations. Both had criminal backgrounds that included financially motivated crime. (45) In addition, the committee was struck by the substantial evidence turned up in the original investigation of Ray's contacts with one or another of the brothers throughout the preassassination period. In fact, the 1977 Justice Task Force criticized the FBI's original investigation for failing to investigate adequately the brothers' possible involvement with Ray both before and after the assassination. (46) Finally, on the assumption that there was a conspiracy, Ray's persistent refusals to identify his coconspirators in the years following the assassination would be most easily understood if his evidence implicated family members.14
Jerry Ray was born July 16, 1935, in Bowling Green, Mo., the fourth of nine Ray children and the third son. His criminal record shows convictions for grand larceny in 1954 and armed robbery in 1956, for which he served prison terms. His parole on the robbery conviction was to become final in August 1958, but he held up a gas station before it did, and he was returned to Menard State Penitentiary in Chester, Ill., where he served an additional 9 years. (48) Following his release from Menard in 1960, he worked at odd jobs in St. Louis and Chicago. In September 1964, he was hired as a night maintenance man at the Sportsman Country Club in Northbrook, Ill., a job he held until the summer of 1968. (49)
John Ray was born February 14, 1933, in Alton, Ill. His criminal record shows a conviction in 1953 for motor vehicle theft, for which
14In 1970, Ray refused to provide information to a Federal grand jury on the subject of conspiracy. While the terms of the proposed agreement with the Justice Department were unclear, Ray's attorney understood that this assistance might be rewarded by release from imprisonment and a new identity. Ray's stated reasons for not cooperating, according to his attorney, were that he felt he did not have enough information to satisfy the Justice Department; he only had enough to get himself killed.(47)
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he was sentenced to 5 to 10 years at Menard. (50) During the years following his release from the penitentiary in February 1960, he worked as a bartender, as an employee of the Greyhound bus depot in Chicago, and as a greenskeeper at the White Pine Golf Course near Chicago.(51) In 1964 and 1965, he worked for brief periods in Florida and in the Catskill Mountains of New York. He then traveled to New York City, where he collected unemployment, and to the Chicago areas, where he worked at various country clubs before his return to St. Louis in October 1966. (52) John had no formal employment in 1967, although he testified that he "believes" he was a painter then.(53) In January of 1968, he and his sister Carol Pepper, opened and operated the Grapevine Tavern at 1982 Arsenal Street in St. Louis.(54)
(a) Evidence of Ray's contact with his bothers, 1967-68
Since their first FBI interviews shortly after the assassination, Jerry and John Ray attempted to minimize the extent of their contact with their brother during the 14-rnonth period from his prison escape to his arrest in London. On April 19, 1968, (55) Jerry told the FBI he had last seen James in 1964, but over the years he conceded this statement was false. Both Jerry(56) and James(57) told the committee of at least three meetings following James' escape from Missouri State Penitentiary. Two occurred while James was working at the Indian Trails Restaurant in Winnetka, Ill., from May 3 to June 24, 1967; the third came in August 1967 when James passed through Chicago on his way from Montreal to Birmingham and gave Jerry his 1962 Plymouth.
Jerry Ray's testimony before the committee reflected at least "two or three" telephone conversations, the last coming during James' December trip to New Orleans:
The last time I talked to him was about four months, approximately four months before King got killed, and I thought he was calling from Texas; but later he told me it was New Mexico. ...The call was under 3 minutes and just a friendly talk, you know, asking how my old man was and asking about Carol and John and everybody because I was the only contact he had with the whole family.(58)
When he was interviewed by the FBI in April 1968, John Ray said he had last seen James "2 to 4 years ago" during a visit to Missouri State penitentiary and that prior to that, he had not seen his brother for some fifteen years.(59) Unlike Jerry, John persistently adhered to his original claim. In fact, in testimony before the committee, he insisted, as he had before, that he had been totally unaware of his brother's escape from Missouri State Penitentiary until James was named on April 19, 1968, as the suspected assassin of Dr. King.(60) James also denied to the committee that he was in contact with John following his prison escape. (61)
Despite the testimony of the Ray brothers, the committee was convinced that there was substantially more contact among them than they were willing to concede. First, the evidence indicated that the Ray brothers were close. Several Missouri State Penitentiary inmates interviewed by the committee, when asked about James' closest associates,
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could only recall that he often mentioned a brother. Some of them remembered that he referred to his brother as a resident of St. Louis. (62) The committee also interviewed inmate associates of Jerry and John. One who had known them both, Harvey Lohmeyer, confirmed that the Ray family was close. (63)15
The best evidence of the close relationship between the Ray brothers came from John Ray himself, who was quoted in a June 9, 1968, article in the St. Louis Post-Dispatch: (64)
John Ray said that he and another brother, Jerry, 32, Chicago, were the closest to James Ray ... in the family. "James would do anything for us, and we for him. But he wasn't particularly sociable with strangers," said Ray.
In his appearance before the committee, John Ray was asked about the quote in the Post-Dispatch article:
Congressman FITHIAN. Then could you share the truth with the committee as to whether or not that does reflect your feeling toward your brother in June of 1968?
RAY. I already answered yes to that. (65)
The committee took note of other factors that suggested the likelihood of contacts between Ray and his two brothers. For example, Ray acknowledged he had been in the St. Louis area, where John lived, twice soon after his prison escape. The first visit occurred right after he broke out of prison in late April or early May 1967;(66) the second was on a return trip after he quit his job in Winnetka, Ill. Ray, in fact, told the committee the purpose for the second visit was "to see some of my relatives down there," although he added, "I never did see them." (67) Further, throughout his fugitive period--in locations as varied as Montreal, Los Angeles and Birmingham--Ray talked of recent or intended contact with a brother. Finally, the committee found significance in the fact that James and John--both largely apolitical from all accounts and, as convicted felons, unable to vote--began to campaign actively on behalf of the American Independent Party's "Wallace for President" campaign at almost exactly the same time. James, as noted, worked for the AlP in California, and John was active in St. Louis, Mo., where his Grapevine Tavern served distribution point for campaign literature.
The committee recognized that at the time of their initial interviews with authorities, John and Jerry Ray could well have chosen to conceal contact with their brother, even if innocent, in an attempt to protect him and avoid scrutiny during the assassination investigation. Another explanation, however, one that the committee deemed more credible, was that they were concerned with potential criminal liability stemming from contact with their brother.
The committee found that the evidence established that John Ray had foreknowledge of his brother's escape from Missouri State Penitentiary. It was equally apparent that Ray was assisted by both Jerry and John following his escape, making them potentially responsible as accessories after the fact to both James' escape and his interstate flight.
15Although James Earl Ray did not know Lohmeyer, he used his name (spelling it Lowmeyer) when he purchased the murder weapon in Birmingham.
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Finally, the committee received substantial evidence indicating that James and John were involved in the Alton bank robbery in East Alton, Ill., on July 13, 1967. It was also shown that Jerry Ray was aware of their participation in this robber and helped to distribute the proceeds of the crime to James during his fugitive period.16 The evidence of Jerry Ray's actual involvement in that robbery was, on balance, insubstantial.
(b) Missouri State penitentiary escape17
James Earl Ray escaped from Missouri State penitentiary on April 23, 1967, concealed in a box of bread in the back of a delivery truck. An investigation in 1967 concluded that Ray had escaped in a bread box, probably aided by at least one fellow inmate who placed bread on top of him. (68) Nevertheless, Ray asserted for years that he had escaped without assistance by scaling a prison wall. (69) Finally, an interview with this committee in December 1977, Ray confirmed the accuracy of the official version. He admitted he left the prison in a delivery truck bound for a nearby prison farm and jumped out of the truck as it slowed for an intersection. Ray stated further that, while he planned the escape alone, he was assisted in executing the plan by two inmates. He refused to identify them. (70)
Jerry Ray has, over the years, admitted meeting with James on at least three occasions during the weeks immediately following his escape from Missouri State penitentiary.(71) On the last occasion, moreover, Jerry shared a room with James for one night in Chicago before putting his brother on a bus to Birmingham. (72) His involvement in facilitating James' interstate flight, therefore, seemed clear. John Ray, on the other hand, consistently maintained that he did not even know of the escape until after the King assassination. The committee's investigation, however, produced substantial evidence to contradict John's assertion.
Certainly the strongest single piece of evidence before the committee indicating John Ray's foreknowledge of his brother's escape plans was found in the Missouri State Penitentiary visitor records.(73) These records indicated nine visits by John during James' incarceration. The last four occurred during the year prior to the escape on July 10, 1966, November 13, 1966, December 20. 1966, and April 22, 1967. The final visit was of particular interest to the committee since it was made on the day before the escape. Given the relative sophistication of James' escape plans and the need for inside assistance from fellow inmates to cover him with bread and to load the box on the truck, the committee believed that the escape had been planned by the time of John Ray's visit. It seemed reasonable, therefore, to assume that a discussion of the break occurred during their meeting. This assumption was supported, the committee found, by Ray's admitted trip to St. Louis, John's home city, within a week of his escape.(74)
During his testimony before the committee, John Ray was asked about the visits reflected in the prison records. His responses were
16Both John and Jerry Ray denied any involvement with James in criminal activity, most notably his escape from prison and the bank robbery in Alton, Ill. In light of the assassination in Memphis on April 4, 1968, these denials might well have represented an effort to avoid admitting an association that eventually matured into murder.
17The committee also investigated the Missouri State Penitentiary escape for evidence of official complicity in the assassination. (See Section II D, infra.)
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inherently incredible, excellent examples of the obstructionist posture John Ray assumed throughout the committee's investigation:
STAFF COUNSEL. I have at this time introduced into the record MLK exhibit F-634, and I ask you whether this record accurately reflects the dates that you visited your brother, James Earl Ray, while he was incarcerated at the Missouri State Prison.
RAY. I could not remember any dates.
Chairman STOKES. Is the answer of the witness the fact that he does not recall those visits?
RAY. No; I do not recall them.
Chairman STOKES Proceed ....
STAFF COUNSEL Mr. Ray, I am particularly concerned with the last visit that is reflected on that record. That is the visit on April 22, 1967. That was the day prior to the escape of your brother from Missouri State Prison. I ask you at this time, do you have any recollection of visiting your brother James the day preceding his escape from the State prison.
RAY. I do not have no recollection of that.
STAFF COUNSEL. Do you have any reason to offer this committee at this time as to why this record before you would not be accurate?
RAY. I did not say it wasn't accurate. I just said I don't recall visiting that certain day. (75).
John Ray subsequently offered one explanation for the April 22, 1967, entry on the records:
...Jerry, my visiting pass, Jerry used it sometimes. I used it sometimes, and a guy named John Gawron, I believe, used it sometimes. (76)
After investigation, the committee rejected this explanation. The committee questioned both James and Jerry Ray about the possibility that someone posing as John visited the prison on April 22, 1967. James indicated in an interview that one of his brothers, and probably John, was the visitor:
John or Jerry, I'm not too positive now which one it was. It was John. I'm not certain.(77)18
Jerry Ray, when questioned on the same matter, did not recall using another's pass, and he denied emphatically visiting James the day prior to his escape:
RAY. I positively didn't visit him. That is a positive.
STAFF COUNSEL. Do you know if your brother John visited him on that day?
RAY. I don't know if John did. I know definitely I didn't. (79)
18During the same interview, Ray insisted that he did not tell the brother who visited him of his planned escape, since "that would have been illegal." He continued: "I can't remember all what I told him, but I mean they all knew, both Jerry and John knew, that I was thinking about escaping. So, it wouldn't have been no revelation if I, if I would of mentioned something about escaping. But there was no pre-arranged deal where he would be outside waiting in front of the prison, and I'd jump out and jump in the car." (78)
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The committee found other evidence of John Ray's knowledge and participation in, Ray's escape and subsequent flight. In a letter to author George McMillan on March 5, 1973, John referred to the account of James' escape by Gerold Frank, the author of "An American Death":
He [Frank] stated that Jimmy walked for days to get to St. Louis from Jefferson City when he escaped, when actually he had a car, and I.D. waiting for him in Jefferson City ...He also made a phone car [sic] to a certain party in St. Louis to come down, and fix his car. The person who went and help him, also is doing time now in a Federal prison for a charge that I expect is a frameup. (80)
At the time he wrote the letter, John was serving time for a bank robbery conviction that he claimed was an FBI frameup.19
John allegedly made a similar admission to a long-time criminal associate of the Ray brothers, Walter Rife, who was incarcerated with him in Leavenworth during the early 1970's. In an unsworn interview with the committee, Rife stated that John told him that he had picked James up on a highway near Jefferson City following the escape. (82) The committee, however, found Rife's credibility on other matters highly suspect, and it gave little weight to this evidence.20
Further evidence of John's willing assistance to James' flight was found in the fact that James left the Missouri State Penitentiary with a social security number in the name of John L. Rayns, a number and alias previously used by John Ray. (83) During a committee interview, James described the number as:
...one of my brother's old social security numbers, John L. Rayns, I believe it was. I don't recall the social security number. I didn't have the card. I got the number off him. We interchanged these numbers all the time. He used them. I used them. So I used that social security number. (84)
John Ray was questioned on James' possession of his social security number:
Congressman FITHIAN. Now, my question is, did you, prior to James Earl Ray's escape from Missouri State Penitentiary, furnish James either with your social security card or your social security number?
RAY. Well, it is possible. Sometime I might have gave him number. But it is also possible he might have had the number because he remembered probably that number. I did not give him no social security card. I did not have one. (85)
The evidence before the committee indicated John Ray had foreknowledge of his brother's prison escape. The evidence included: the Missouri State Penitentiary visitor records; the testimony of James that a brother, he believed John, was his visitor; John's letter to author George McMillan; John's alleged admission to Walter Rife;
19John Ray told the committee in executive session that he fabricated this admission to McMillan, although he did acknowledge he was referring to himself when he wrote of a "certain party" who had been imprisoned in a "frameup." (81)
20See textual footnote, Section II-B 5 (e).
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James' admitted possession of John's old social security number at the time of his escape; and James' trip to the St. Louis area shortly after the escape.
John's own denials-in particular, his claim that he first learned of the escape only when James had been named in the assassination-- served to add to the force of the evidence.21 The committee found, therefore, that John Ray was involved with his brother James in the escape from Missouri State Penitentiary.
(c) The Alton bank robbery
The committee devoted considerable effort to an investigation of Ray's finances following his escape from Missouri State Penitentiary on the theory that Ray's method of financing himself bore on the assassination. Indeed, the committee considered, but ultimately rejected, the theory that his escape and travels were part of a single scheme that culminated in the assassination. The committee also considered a variety of alternative sources of finances: payments from time to time from Raoul, as Ray claimed; from narcotic trafficking at Missouri State Penitentiary and during his flight; and from the robbery of the Bank of Alton, Alton, Ill., on July 13, 1967.22
As has been noted, the committee, after due deliberation, rejected Ray's Raoul story. Further, the committee found it highly unlikely that Ray left Missouri State Penitentiary with a substantial amount of money. Inmates interviewed by the committee characterized him as a "second-rate hustler" who engaged in bookmaking, narcotics and the smuggling of contraband, but who operated on a relatively small scale.(86) The committee also found it improbable that Ray would have engaged in the menial labor of dishwashing, had he possessed a significant sum of money at the time of his escape.
The committee received evidence supporting the possibility that Ray trafficked in marihuana during his stays in Mexico and California.23 In addition to an assertion in Huie's "He Slew the Dreamer" that Ray left Mexico with "his Mustang loaded with marihuana," (89) the committee identified witnesses in both Mexico and California who confirmed Ray's interest in, and occasional use of, marihuana. (90) One California witness, Ronald Dennino, provided sworn testimony indicating Ray's possession, on at least one occasion, of a kilo of marihuana.(91) Nevertheless, Dennino's evidence was hearsay, and when his alleged source of information, Marie Martin, was questioned--also under oath--she denied knowledge of Ray's trafficking in substantial amounts of marihuana. (92)
The committee was unable to locate evidence, beyond Dennino's testimony, indicating that Ray received substantial income from dealings
21John Ray's testimony on the prison escape was given under a grant of immunity. Further, the statute of limitations had run on any potential prosecutions stemming from his foreknowledge of and assistance in his brother's escape and flight. His false testimony in this area, therefore, did not stem from fear of subsequent prosecution.
22Prior to the committee's investigation, the Alton bank robbery had been investigated twice by the FBI-- at the time of the crime and during the assassination investigation. The case remained officially unsolved.
23Ray acknowledged discussing marihuana with some "hippies" and a bartender in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico. (87) Nevertheless, he has denied, in a characteristically vague manner, any smuggling activity between Mexico and California: "STAFF COUNSEL. Were you smuggling anything in particular? Were you smuggling anything from Mexico into, into California? RAY: Uh, no, not particularly. I was thinking about it at one time."(88)
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in marihuana. Thus, while the committee did not foreclose the possibility that Ray supplemented his income through small-scale marihuana trafficking, there was no evidence that it constituted a primary source of income during his fugitive period.
On the other hand, the committee did obtain and analyze a substantial amount of evidence establishing the likelihood that James and John Ray robbed the Alton bank and that Jerry Ray, while probably not a participant in the robbery, was aware of his brothers' involvement and helped distribute funds from the robbery to James. The committee, therefore, concluded that the Alton bank robbery was the most likely explanation for Ray's financial independence during his fugitive period.
The Alton bank was held up by two masked gunmen at approximately 1:30 p.m. on July 13, 1967. One was described as a middle-aged white male, 5 feet 10 inches tall, 150 to 160 pounds; the other, a middle-aged white male, 5 feet 8 inches, 170 to 180 pounds. One was armed with a handgun, the other with a shotgun; both wore stocking masks and hats. Once inside the bank, the one with the shotgun stood guard, while the other collected $27,230 from behind the teller's counter. The two men then left the bank and walked westward to a nearby church parking lot. No further direct evidence was developed in the FBI's investigation of the robbery or in this committee's reexamination of the crime bearing on the manner, or the direction, of the robbers' flight from the immediate vicinity of the bank. At the time of the committee's investigation, none of the stolen money had been recovered. (93)
The committee first examined eyewitness and physical evidence bearing on the robbery. Because the bank robbers wore stocking masks, eyewitness descriptions were imprecise. Nevertheless, none of those that were given would eliminate the Ray brothers as suspects.24 Moreover, the facts developed in the FBI's investigation--in particular, the apparent route of flight taken after the crime and the location of discarded evidence--provided some evidence of the involvement of James Earl Ray.
Ray had been born in Alton on March 10, 1928. After spending his early childhood elsewhere, he returned to Alton at the age of 16, joined a grandmother who ran a local roominghouse, and spent considerable time with his uncle, William Mayer, still a resident of the city in 1978.(94) While much of his subsequent life was spent either in the military or in jail, Ray had returned to Alton for periods in 1948 and again in 1954. On August 21, 1959, he and an accomplice robbed an Alton supermarket of about $2,000.25 Against this background, Ray's familiarity with the city of Alton was self-evident, the committee determined.
In the FBI's investigation of the Alton bank robbery, it was established that the shotgun and partially burned clothes used during the
24At the time of their original FBI interviews in April 1968, John Ray was described as 5 feet 10 inches to 5 feet 11 inches tall, 160 pounds, medium build; and Jerry Ray as 5 feet 9 inches tall, 178 pounds, medium-stocky build. James Earl Ray was described as 5 feet 10 inches tall, 165-174 pounds, medium build, on the wanted poster issued following his Missouri State Penitentiary escape in April 1967.
25Ray's accomplice was arrested, while Ray got away. He was subsequently identified, however, and on October 27, 1959, was indicted for this offense. By that time, however, he had been arrested for a supermarket holdup in St. Louis (for which he was later sentenced to 20 years at Missouri State Penitentiary). He was, therefore, never brought to trial for the Alton supermarket robbery.
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robbery were discarded in a wooded area near the National Cemetery in Alton. This area--a 3-minute car ride from the bank--is situated at the end of a dead-end street, indicating that the suspects were familiar with the area around the cemetery and that the evidence drop was planned.(95) Further, the abandoned evidence was not found along the most direct route from the bank out of Alton, suggesting the robbers were confident they could elude capture without heading directly out of town. These considerations, standing alone, suggested a familiarity with the Alton area such as that possessed by James Earl Ray. In addition, the drop site for the incriminating evidence was near the home in 1967 of Ray's uncle, William Mayer, and in the general vicinity of former residences of Ray's mother and of Ray himself.26(96)
The committee next investigated the whereabouts of the Ray brothers on the day of the robbery. James had quit his job at the Indian Trails Restaurant in Winnetka, Ill., on June 24, 1967, approximately three weeks prior to the bank robbery. (97) Before that time, while still in prison, he had decided to move to Canada, (98) as he later indicated in interviews with the committee. But instead of heading straight for Canada, Ray made two trips in the opposite direction. He first went to Quincy, Ill., where he stayed for approximately 12 days(99) before returning to Chicago for 4 to 5 days. In Chicago, he picked up his last weekly paycheck from the Indian Traits. (100) Then, on July 10 or 11,27 he drove to the St. Louis area., ostensibly to visit "family members." (101) Ray, however, told the committee he did not see any relatives, particularly not his brother John. In fact, Ray testified, he did not even know John's address, although, as noted, his brother was close enough to him to have visited him regularly in prison. (102)
The committee found Ray's trip to the St. Louis area 3 days before the bank robbery especially interesting, not only because it strongly suggested a meeting with John, but also because Alton, Ill., is only 20 miles north of St. Louis. When Ray appeared before the committee public hearing, the committee pressed to learn why he had not visited his St. Louis relatives on his earlier trip to Quincy, which is far closer to St. Louis than Chicago. In addition, the committee sought a logical explanation as to why, once he did return to St. Louis to see relatives, he did not see them. Ray's testimony on these points was crucial and, at the same time, characteristic of the evasive and illogical nature of much of his testimony before the committee. His responses are, therefore, quoted at length:
Congressman FITHIAN. ...if I remember my Illinois map, Quincy is a lot closer to the East St. Louis area than Chicago, and you have 12 days where you were in Quincy.... Just for my own satisfaction, could you share with the committee why you didn't drop on over to East St. Louis and try to see your relatives in that 12-day period?
26The committee recognized that this analysis, in and of itself, could be applied to any number of Alton residents. It was given significance, nevertheless, as one of several components of the circumstantial evidence bearing on the robbery.
27This date was determined by using Ray's estimates of a 12-day stay in Quincy and a 4- to 5-day stay in Chicago.
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RAY. I have no particular reason. I always did like Quincy, Ill. I have lived there quite a bit, and I did intend to see my aunt, but I didn't. Many people I know had since died, since I have been in prison. I think the only person I really knew, and I think probably saw me and I talked to him several times, was a bar owner named Ted Crowley.28 Other than that I can't think of anyone that knew me. I know I inquired about several people and they had died.
Congressman FITHIAN. Here is my problem just in terms of logic. You were in the Chicago area and you decided to quit your job and you have already decided much earlier you are going to Canada, according to what you just told me, and then you quit your job and you go down 280 miles southwest to Quincy and spend 12 days there?
RAY. Yes, sir.
Congressman FITHIAN. You go back to the Chicago area. Then on the very eve of your departure for Montreal, you make a trip all the way down to the St. Louis area. I am having a little trouble with that just as a normal flow of movement. Could you help me out on that?
RAY. No. That may have been a little illogical. I don't know. Of course I had been in jail 6 years. Sometimes you do things that are not exactly logical. (104)
....
Congressman FITHIAN. Did you then see your relatives in the East St. Louis area?
RAY. No, I didn't. (105)
....
Congressman FITHIAN. So anyway your testimony to the committee is after you decided to go to Canada, you traveled the opposite direction to St. Louis, East St., Louis, for about 300 miles, in order to visit relatives, but you didn't visit your relatives? Is that your testimony?
RAY. Well, I visited a close friend down there named Jack Gawron.29 Knew him on the street. He knew all my relatives and I sent a message via him. I don't know if he delivered it or not. (106)
The committee found Ray's explanation for his trip to St. Louis in July 1967 inadequate. His presence in the vicinity of Alton at the time of the bank robbery was highly incriminating, albeit circumstantially, of his participation in the robbery.
John Ray, of course, acknowledged that he was a St. Louis resident in July 1967;(107) Jerry was employed at the Sportsman's Club outside Chicago. The Alton bank robbery occurred on a Thursday, which, according to Jerry, was his day off. (108) Assuming Jerry's recollec-
28In a sworn deposition, Ted Crowley stated that he knew James Earl Ray as a customer of his establishment-- the Gem Tavern-- in Quincy. He emphatically denied seeing Ray after his April 1967 escape from Missouri State Penitentiary. (103)
29Gawron, now deceased, was interviewed by the FBI during the Bureau's investigation of the Alton bank robbery. He stated that James Earl Ray was involved in the crime. Subsequent investigation by the FBI, however, undermined Gawron's credibility. The committee, therefore, did not rely on Gawron's statements to the FBI in reaching its conclusions on the Alton robbery.
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tion in testimony to the committee was correct, his presence in Alton could not be discounted.30
More important than familiarity with Alton and physical whereabouts, however, was the evidence bearing on the financial condition of James and John Ray during the period of the Alton bank robbery. At the time of his prison escape, Ray, according to his testimony, had about $250. (110) He got a job at the Indian Trails Restaurant in Winnetka, Ill., earning about $85 a week, so by the time he quit--on June 24, 1967 (111) he had netted $664.34, giving him a total cash accumulation of about $915.
During the same period, however, Ray purchased a 1959 Chrysler for $200. (112) Although he apparently lived frugally, his living expenses placed a constant drain on his limited financial resources. During the first week of July, in fact, Ray drove approximately 300 miles from Quincy, Ill., to Chicago(113) to pick up his last paycheck of $77.53. His conduct was not that of a man of substantial means.
In late July, Ray's pattern of frugality abruptly changed significantly. On July 14, the day after the Alton bank robbery, he bought a 1962 Plymouth for $210 at a dealership in East St. Louis, Ill.,(114) having sold his Chrysler for $45. He then drove to Montreal, where he placed a $150 deposit on an apartment on July 18 and bought $250 worth of clothes on July 19. (115) On July 30, he began a l-week vacation at Gray Rocks, a resort north of Montreal; his bill came to $200.31(116)
Ray clearly had come into a substantial amount of money by mid-July, and it was evident that he received this income sometime after the first week in July, when he drove 300 miles from Quincy to Chicago to get a $77.53 paycheck.
The Alton bank robbery, coming the day before his extensive spending began, could have explained his new-found wealth. Ray, however, gave the committee a different story. He said he departed for Canada with $260 or $270, (117) and after 2 days in Montreal, he had almost exhausted his cash reserve--for food and lodging on the road, for the deposit on his apartment and for two visits to a $25 prostitute (118) Ray's solution was to rob a Montreal brothel:
That evening I returned to the aforementioned nightclub and, meeting the same girl, again accompanied her via taxi to her apartment. Inside her apartment I gave her another $25, but this time showed her the pistol Mr. Gawron had purchased for me, and told her I would go with her to wherever she was taking the money. When she aroused the manager into opening the office I put the pistol on him. We moved back into the office wherein I asked him for the money. Taking out his wallet, he offered me the small amount in it, approximately $5 or $10. When I told him I wanted
30In testimony before the committee, Jerry Ray was certain that his day off fell on Thursday. His recollection, however, was contradicted by his own 1968 interview with the FBI, as well as the 1968 statements of two officials of the Sportsman's Club-- all of which designated Tuesday, not Thursday, as his day off. (109) The committee found the 1968 statements more reliable. Due to the destruction of his employment records, however, the issued could not be firmly resolved.
31See MLK exhibit F-362 (diagram of Ray's financial transactions during his fugitive period) V, HSCA-MLK hearings, 664.
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the rest of the money he spoke about a cabinet nearby, and motioned to a container. Before leaving the office I had the manager lie on a bed and the girl remove her stockings and tie his hands and legs. I then had her get under the bed before departing. Later I found I had taken approximately $1,700 in mixed currency from the manager's office. (119)
The committee's investigation of the story, tracing it back to its origin, revealed several problems. First, Huie had written in "He Slew the Dreamer" that Ray had told him initially of an $800 whorehouse robbery, then changed it to a $1,700 holdup of a Montreal food store. (120)32 In addition, Jerry Ray was reported to have told McMillan, the author that James had fabricated the brothel robbery story. (121) Ray's story, moreover, was one that could not be easily confirmed or denied, since the manager of a brothel was not the type to report a robbery to police or cooperate with a congressional committee.33 Ray agreed on this point during his public testimony:
Congressman FITHIAN. Mr. Ray, from your experience would you expect the owner of an illegal house of prostitution to report a robbery like this to the police?
RAY. No ...I would think usually prostitution and gambling houses take care of their own legal problems.(122)
James Earl Ray was an experienced criminal, with an ability, evidenced by his April 1967 escape from Missouri State Penitentiary, to plan and execute criminal operations with some degree of sophistication. Moreover, his decision to travel to Canada was not precipitous. It was a course of action he had apparently settled on while still in prison. The committee found it difficult to believe, therefore, that Ray lingered in the United States for 2 1/2 months, traveled to a strange city in Canada in a destitute condition, and then committed an armed robbery of a brothel manager. A more sensible course of action would have been for him to escape from prison, make contact with John in St. Louis, and take employment at some distant point while a suitable crime could be planned. After the crime, he would flee to Canada, where he could live undetected and supported by the proceeds of the crime. The committee found that Ray's financial transactions in July 1967 strongly pointed to his receipt of unexplained income--probably from crime--and that the Alton bank robbery was the most likely source.
An examination of John Ray's travels and financial condition in 1967 was similarly revealing. His employment history in the 1960's was sporadic. He held a variety of jobs and spent at least one period on collecting unemployment insurance. In 1967, while living in St. Louis, he was not a salaried employee, although in interviews with the FBI and the committee, he said he had worked as a painter. Nonetheless, John went to San Francisco in July 1967 with $3,000 in cash,(123) his stated purpose being to purchase a tavern in California or in Reno, Nev.(124) Mrs. Charles F. Terry, manager of an apart-
32Ray's explanation to the committee was that he fed Huie and his first attorney, Arthur Hanes, Sr., a phony story as a test, fearing they were leaking information he gave them to the authorities (Ray testimony, I, HSCA-MLK hearings, 163).
33In fact, the committee was unable to locate the manager of the brothel.
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ment on Sutter Street in San Francisco, told FBI agents that he had resided in her building between July 23, 1967 (10 days after the Alton bank robbery) to August 15, 1967.(125)
In testimony before the committee, John Ray conceded he made the trip to California with approximately $3,000 in his possession and that he intended to purchase a tavern. John claimed, however, that the money constituted "savings" and not proceeds from the Alton bank robbery. (126)
In light of John Ray's work history, the committee was highly skeptical of his claim to have set aside $3,000 in "savings." His possession of this sizable sum, together with his decision to leave the St. Louis area almost simultaneously with James' trip north to Canada, provided additional circumstantial evidence of his participation in the Alton bank robbery and of a common plan by both Ray brothers to leave the St. Louis area immediately following the robbery.
(1) Bank robbery modus operandi analysis.-- The committee also examined the conduct of the Ray brothers subsequent to the Alton bank robbery. It found strong evidence indicating John Ray's involvement in five bank robberies in 1969 and 1970 for which the modus operandi (127) was substantially similar to that of the Alton bank robbery.34 The evidence surrounding these robberies demonstrated several points. It undermines John's credibility, since he denied participation in each of them; it shows his character as a bank robber; and it demonstrates subsequent criminal activity by John that is similar to and consistent with his involvement in the Alton robbery.
The committee obtained the following information on the bank robberies from FBI files and through its own investigation: At 10:45 a.m. on October 17, 1969, the Farmers Bank of Liberty, Ill., was robbed of $10,995 by two men wearing stocking masks and hats, one carrying a shotgun, the other a revolver. The one with the shotgun stood guard, while his accomplice collected the money from behind the counter. The stocking masks and an automobile were abandoned near the crime scene after an attempt to burn them. (128) John Ray's involvement in the robbery of the Bank of Liberty, Ill., was established through the sworn testimony of his accomplice, James Rogers, before the committee.(129) When confronted with this evidence, John Ray denied involvement in the robbery.35
At 1:05 p.m. on January 28, 1970, the Farmers & Traders State Bank of Meredosia, Ill., was robbed of $5,038 by two men wearing stocking masks and hats, one carrying a sawed-off shotgun, the other a revolver. The one with the shotgun stood guard, while his accomplice collected the money from behind the counter. The stocking masks and clothing were left in a wooded area. (131) John Ray's involvement in this bank robbery was established through the sworn testimony of James Rogers, (132) an accomplice, and by the unsworn statement of Ronald Goldenstein, a second accomplice during an interview with com-
34While James was in prison during the 1960-70 period and could not have participated in the five bank robberies, the committee did obtain proof that he committed a bank robbery in London shortly before his arrest on June 8, 1968.
35John Ray asserted that since James Rogers was on Federal parole at the time of his testimony before the committee, he probably would testify to anything. (130)
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mittee investigators. (133) Nevertheless, John Ray denied involvement in the robbery.
At 1 p.m. on June 11, 1970, the Laddonia State Bank of Laddonia, Mo., was robbed of $13,975 by two men wearing stocking masks and hats, one carrying a sawed-off shotgun, the other a revolver. The one with the shotgun stood guard, while his accomplice collected the money from behind the counter. The stocking masks and an automobile were abandoned near the crime scene, and an attempt was made to burn them. (135) John Ray's involvement in the robbery was established by the sworn testimony of two accomplices, James Rogers and Clarence Haynes.(136) Haynes was convicted of the robbery. John Ray, nevertheless, denied involvement in the robbery. (137)
At 2 p.m. on July 29, 1970, the Bank of Hawthorne, Fla. was robbed of $4,514 by two men wearing stocking masks and hats, each carrying a revolver. One of the men stood guard, while his accomplice collected the money from a vault. The stocking masks were discarded following the robbery.(138) John Ray's involvement in the crime was established by the sworn testimony of James Rogers,(139) who was convicted of the robbery. John Ray admitted being with Rogers and a second convicted participant, Carl Kent, deceased, around the time of the robbery,(140) but he denied actual involvement or any knowledge of the involvement of others. (141)
At 1:20 p.m. on October 26, 1970, the Bank of St. Peters, Mo., was robbed of $53,128 by three men wearing stocking masks and hats, all carrying revolvers. Two of the men stood guard, while their accomplice collected the money from behind the counter. The stocking masks and clothing were left in a wooded area. (142) John Ray was tried and convicted by a jury for his participation in this robbery. Before the committee, however, he denied his involvement and claimed he had been framed. (143)
In light of evidence from a variety of sources indicating John Ray's involvement in these five robberies, and considering his conviction for robbery of the Bank of St. Peters, Mo., the committee found his denials unworthy of belief. His participation in these robberies and the similarities they bore to the Alton bank robbery provided additional circumstantial evidence of his involvement in the Alton bank robbery.
The committee also examined evidence of a subsequent bank robbery by James Earl Ray. On June 4, 1968, the Trustee Savings Bank of Fulham in London, England, was robbed by a lone gunman; the amount taken was approximately 100 pounds, or about $240 in U.S. currency. Physical evidence from the crime scene included a paper bag bearing a printed note which read:"Place all 5-10 pound notes in this bag."(144) Fingerprint comparisons by both the FBI and a committee consultant of a latent print taken from the bag identified it as the right thumbprint of James Earl Ray. (145) When confronted by this evidence, Ray still denied responsibility for the robbery. (146) Ray's denial was, in light of this physical evidence, unworthy of belief. The committee believed that the denials themselves (by James, with respect to the London bank robbery; by John, with respect to four robberies of which he was accused by his accomplices, as well as
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a fifth for which he was convicted) provided an additional reason to believe that James and John participated in the Alton bank robbery.
The committee noted that James' refusal to admit the London bank robbery could not have been based on a fear of implicating others, for he had acted alone. Nor was there reason to believe that he was reluctant to associate himself with criminal activity, since he willingly told the committee about his alleged robbery of a brothel in Montreal and about his smuggling and gunrunning activities with Raoul. Likewise, John could not have been impelled to deny the robberies for fear of implicating accomplices, since he was aware of their cooperation with the committee, or for fear of prosecution, since the statute of limitations had tolled in the unprosecuted cases.
The committee believed that these denials, in the face of substantial evidence to the contrary, reflected a concern by John and James that an admission of involvement in any bank robbery might implicate them in the Alton holdup. This would, in turn, undermine Ray's Raoul story, the keystone of his defense in the assassination. It would also indicate a pattern of joint criminal behavior by the brothers that would possibly raise a question about their collusion in the assassination of Dr. King.
(d) A brother was Raoul
In its investigation of the Alton bank robbery, the committee determined it was unlikely that Jerry Ray was a participant. He had a steady job in the Chicago area at the time, and he did not take an abrupt trip or show signs of sudden wealth right after the Alton robbery, as did James and John. Nevertheless, the committee received significant evidence, both circumstantial and direct, indicating that Jerry knew of the involvement of his two brothers and that he participated directly in the distribution of the robbery proceeds to James at various times during his fugitive period.
Jerry Ray met several times with John and James during the period of the Alton robbery. In fact, by his own admission, James traveled to Chicago,(148) where Jerry lived, only a week before the robbery occurred. Further, a committee witness, who requested anonymity but who gave a deposition under oath,(149) reported a conversation in which Jerry revealed that John and James participated in the bank robbery, adding certain details about their preparation for it. The committee found particular significance in this reported statement by Jerry to the witness, in light of his close relationship with his two brothers, one that afforded ample opportunity for them to have discussed the crime.36
Jerry's probable involvement in the distribution of funds from the robbery was revealed through a close analysis of James' Raoul story.37 Except for employment at the Indian Trails Restaurant and an alleged robbery of a brothel in Montreal, Ray's only acknowledged source of income during the 14-month fugitive period was the payments he claims to have received from Raoul. The committee's evidence indicated the strong likelihood that Ray shared in the proceeds of the Alton bank robbery. His Raoul story was viewed, therefore, as a cover,
36Jerry Ray, in testimony before the committee, denied the statement to the witness.
37A detailed analysis of Ray's Raoul story appears in section II A, supra.
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not just for the assassination, but also for the bank robbery. The committee did find that there was some basis in fact for the Raoul story, because Ray's spending pattern indicated that he received money from some source at about the times he specified in his Raoul story. Since Ray was traveling throughout the United States and two foreign countries, Canada and Mexico, it is not unreasonable to suppose that he was reluctant to carry the entire proceeds of the robbery with him. At the same time, he was not free, as a fugitive, to transfer his funds through the banking system.38 The committee believed, therefore, that the money he received was, in fact, his share of the Alton bank robbery proceeds, secured and periodically distributed to him by a brother, probably Jerry.
In all, Ray claimed he received $7,750 from Raoul, in six payments:
When added to the $1,700 Ray said he got in the holdup of a brothel in Montreal his total reported income for the period came to $9,450.39 Moreover, all of the alleged meetings with Raoul in which money was passed, except for the one in Nuevo Laredo, coincided with statements about a recent or imminent meeting with a brother.
According to Ray's account, he first met Raoul at a bar in Montreal soon after he arrived in that city on July 18 (5 days after the Alton bank robbery).(156) He had three or four meetings(157) with him before he went on vacation at the Gray Rocks resort in the Laurentian Mountains, where he struck up a brief friendship with a woman who worked for the Canadian Government. In an interview with the Royal Canadian Mounted Police after the assassination, she said Ray told her he had been at the resort for about a week and that "he would be leaving within the next few days for Montreal to meet his brother." (158) In fact, he left the next day and returned to Montreal where, according to his story, he had several more meetings with Raoul. (159)
The committee established that John Ray was in San Francisco between July 23 and August 15, 1967,(160) so he could not have been the brother referred to by James. Consequently, this was one of several instances in which Ray's Raoul story seemed framed to conceal contact with Jerry.
Approximately 2 weeks after his return from Gray Rocks, on August 18 or 19, Ray went to Ottawa to visit the Canadian Government worker. She later reported to the RCMP.
He [Ray] stayed in Ottawa for 2 days and I showed him around Ottawa. ...I don't recall him saying where he was coming from, but I assumed it was Montreal. ...He
38Ironically, there was evidence that Ray, a bank robber, stored portions of his funds in a bank safety box in Birmingham.
39While the committee was unable to identify a third participant in the Alton bank robbery, it was reasonable to assume one existed. With two men in the bank, a third would be necessary outside to insure a speedy getaway. A three-way split of the robbery proceeds would have given Ray $9,075.
Page 352
mentioned that he was working for his brother in real estate and that he did not do much but was paid well. He also said that he had no problems with money and could always get some. (161).
According to his own account, Ray left Ottawa and, on August he engaged in smuggling a package of contraband across the U.S. border for which Raoul paid him $1,500. (162) Ray then went to Birmingham, Ala. A week later, Raoul also arrived in that city. Raoul funded the purchase of a $2,000 1966 Mustang and gave Ray $500 for "living expenses" and another $500 for camera equipment.(163) On August 30, Raoul departed, instructing Ray to "lay low" and promising to contact him later to discuss "the business at hand and the matter of travel documents." (164) Between August 21, 1967, and August 30, 1967, then, Ray claimed to have received $4,500 from Raoul.
Ray's purchase of a $2,000 car in Birmingham on August 30, 1967, was established independently; clearly he then had a substantial amount of money. His rental of a safe deposit box on August 28, 1967,(165) indicated, however, that he had that money before the alleged arrival of Raoul since Ray, in public hearing testimony, said he did not meet Raoul until that evening at the Starlite Cafe.(166) The committee found it significant, therefore, that both James and Jerry Ray admitted meeting in Chicago between Ray's departure from Canada and his arrival in Birmingham several days later (167) Raoul fabrication, by which he tried to explain his receipt of at least $4,500, embraced a known and uncontroverted meeting with Jerry Ray.
The committee believed, based on Ray's meeting with Jerry on August 22, 1967--followed by his rental of a safe deposit box on August 28, 1967, and his purchase of an expensive automobile on August 30, 1967---that Ray received substantial amounts of money, not from Raoul, but from Jerry. Further, the committee believed the most likely source of this money was the Alton bank robbery.
Ray also claimed to have met with Raoul during his December 1967 visit to New Orleans.40 According to Ray, an associate of Raoul told him by telephone in early December to travel from Los Angeles to New Orleans later in the month to meet with Raoul. Ray said he made the trip with Charles Stein, met Raoul at the Le Bunny Lounge, discussed a gunrunning scheme planned for early May, and received $500 because he was "low on funds." (168)
In addition to hearing Ray's account, the committee examined evidence supplied by Mark O. Freeman, a clinical psychologist in Los Angeles whom Ray consulted in November and December 1967. Dr. Freeman's records indicated that Ray's last appointment was at 10 a.m. on December 14, the day before he departed for New Orleans. In an FBI interview, Dr. Freeman told of a telephone call from Ray subsequent to that appointment. The FBI report stated:
The doctor recalled that Ray had telephone [sic] him at the office, after making the appointment for December 18, and
40A detailed examination of the New Orleans trip appears in a staff report entitled "An Analysis of James Earl Ray's Trip to New Orleans, December 15-December 21, 1967," XIII HSCA-MLK hearings 265.
Page 353
told him he would be unable to come to the office for the appointment as he had received information from his brother, that the latter had "found a job for him in the Merchant Marine in New Orleans, La." The doctor is not sure of the date or time that Ray telephone [sic] to cancel his last appointment but feels sure that it was sometime after their 10 a.m. appointment on December 14 .... (169)
Dr. Freeman's statement, together with his appointment records, provided clear evidence that Ray's trip to New Orleans was more impulsive than his Raoul story indicated and that Ray planned to meet a brother in New Orleans. This inference was strengthened by the statements of Sharon Rhodes, a Los Angeles dance school instructor, both in her initial FBI interview (170) and in a statement to the committee.(171) In the FBI interview, she recalled a discussion with Ray following his New Orleans trip:
She believes he was a southerner, and she recalled that possibly the first or second week during January 1968, he did not attend dancing instruction, and upon his return, stated that he had visited a brother in the State of Louisiana.(172)
In addition to the separate witness statements indicating Ray met with a brother in New Orleans, the committee obtained convincing evidence that he, in fact, received money on the trip. On the day of his return to Los Angeles, December 21, Ray paid $365, the balance of what he owed on the 50-hour dance course. Under his original agreement with the studio, he was obligated to pay only $50 a week.(173)
James did not identify the brother in New Orleans during his conversations with the California witnesses. The committee found it likely that Ray at least met with Jerry in New Orleans. Jerry was still employed at the Sportsman's Club in Chicago, at the time, but he admitted to the committee that he went to St. Louis for Christmas that year. (174) St. Louis and New Orleans are only 675 miles apart, so it was at least reasonably possible for Jerry and James to have met. Further both James and Jerry Ray conceded to the committee that they talked by telephone during James' drive from Los Angeles to New Orleans. The committee was unable, however, to rule out the possibility that it was John Ray---then an unemployed painter living in St. Louis--who traveled to New Orleans to meet James. The committee was also unable to determine fully the purpose of the New Orleans meeting. If, in fact, it was to receive only $500, that would not seem to justify the risks Ray took in driving several thousand miles on the open highway.41 The committee noted that the assassination occurred 3 1/2 months after the New Orleans trip. While the possibility of a connection between the trip and the murder of Dr. King existed, the committee uncovered no direct evidence to that effect.42
41A random vehicle check might well have resulted in his identification as an escapee from the Missouri State Penitentiary.
42Two circumstances surrounding the New Orleans trip did provide support for a link between the New Orleans trip and the murder. First, in Ray's account, Raoul proposed the gunrunning scheme for the first time in New Orleans. It was gunrunning, according to Ray, that brought him and Raoul to Memphis on the day before Dr. King's assassination. Second, there was Ray's abrupt activity on behalf of the American Independent Party on the morning of his departure for New Orleans. The committee developed evidence that individuals involved in the AIP movement in St. Louis engaged in a conspiracy that may well have been linked to the events in New Orleans and subsequently Memphis.
Page 354
(e) The brothers and the rifle purchase
The final contact with a brother that James Earl Ray tried to conceal with his Raoul ruse was considered by the committee to have been by far the most significant. It occurred in Birmingham, Ala., on March 29 and 30, 1968, just days before the assassination of Dr. King, and its purpose, the committee concluded, was a transaction that suggested the likelihood that a brother was involved in a conspiracy in the assassination. The transaction was the purchase of the murder weapon.
Ray's testimony before the committee, (175) corroborated by a postal change of address that, he mailed in Los Angeles, (176) established that he departed California for the Southeastern United States on March 17, 1968, approximately 2 1/2 weeks prior to Dr. King's assassination.43 On at least three occasions during the weeks immediately prior to his departure, Ray mentioned upcoming contact with a brother. On one of these occasions, moreover, he indicated a plan to meet that brother in Birmingham.
One of Ray's closest friends in Los Angeles was Marie Martin, a waitress at the Sultan Room in the St. Francis Hotel, who had a casual relationship with him over a period of several months. In an interview with the FBI on May 14, 1968, she reported that Ray, using the Galt alias, asked in late February if he could leave some barbells at her apartment.
Martin ...told Galt to leave the weights outside of the door [to her apartment]. Galt called her later the same day on the phone and she asked him for some money for taking care of the weights. Galt claimed he was broke, but said he would leave her ten dollars ...Galt claimed he was waiting for some money from his brother. (177)
In testimony to the committee, Martin repeated her recollection that Galt received money by mail from a brother:
I took it for granted it was on a regular basis because it seemed every now and then he was waiting for an envelope. He asked me, "When you pass the lobby, will you check my box?"(178)
Martin's testimony provided the first indication of contact between Ray and a brother during a period proximate to the assassination.
On March 2, during graduation ceremonies at a bartending school Ray had attended in California, he was asked by the director of the school Tomas Lau what he planned to do. Ray's response was overheard by Richard Gonzalez, another student at the school, and reported to the FBI in an April 16 interview:"...Galt stated he was going to go to Birmingham, Ala., to visit his brother for about 2 weeks."(179) In a public hearing in August 1978, Ray told the committee that he met Raoul in Birmingham on March 23, exactly 3 weeks after he reportedly made the statement to Lau. (180) Six days there-
43The committee received evidence that Ray went through St. Louis on his way east. The source of the evidence, Walter Rife, also said that Ray told him he "had a deal down there about some stuff to go into Cuba," conceivably a reference to the gunrunning operation. Ray never mentioned a trip to St. Louis. In addition, the committee found no evidence to corroborate the existence of a gunrunning operation. (Se
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Veteran Actor Pete Edochie Full Biography
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FULL NAME: Pete Edochie
DATE OF BIRTH: March 7, 1947
OCCUPATION: Actor
MARITAL STATUS: Married
INTRODUCTION
Pete Edochie is a Nigerian actor. He got into the movie industry as far back as 1980. He's shown in over 200 Nollywood movies.
He is considered one of Africa’s most talented actors, by both Movie Awards and Movie Magic’s Africa Magic Cable network.
EARLY LIFE AND BACKGROUND
Pete Edochie, an indigene of Anambra State Nigeria, was born on March 7, 1947 in Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria.
Pete Edochie had his primary and secondary Education in Zaria, Kaduna State of Nigeria. After his formal education, he worked with the Nigerian Railway Cooperation. Later, he went further to study a course in Journalism and Television in the School of Journalism and television in England.
He joined broadcasting at 20, and got married after two years. He got married during the biafran war.
He said; he had always wanted to be a broadcaster back then. There were three professions that have always fascinated him. They are journalism, broadcasting and acting. He revealed he has managed to involve himself in those three professions. He did a course in journalism and television after he left left econdary school. That was before he joined his father in the Nigerian Railways. He wrote for some newspapers after that. He joined broadcasting after which he is now at the third phase which is acting. He beleieves he realized doing these 3 professions. He was influenced by a few people who sang in those days, and he thought he could also join them and do some singing. In his words:"I’d sing, but not professionally."
He was in the Voice of Biafra program back then as a broadcaster. According to him they moving from place to place and whenever the war drew nearer, they moved away from the place. At a point, he had to go to the war front to perform some professional duties which he wouldn't disclose. He survived the war, he made his own contribution and he is happy about it, he says. I am always proud of my involvement in the war years. He was born and raised in the northern part of the country. But he was chased out of the region in 1966, and by 1967, the war began. He was a broadcaster then, and because he understood and spoke Hausa fluently he had to go to the war front.
SPEAKING MORE ABOUT HIS INVOLVEMENT IN THE BIAFRAN WAR IN AN INTERVIEW:
Whenever you relive your Civil War experience, do you feel sad or happy?
"No, I can’t be happy. I mean I couldn’t be happy. There was so much carnage and there was no justification for it. There was little provocation for the war. So, it was a programme intended to wipe us all out from the surface of the earth. Some of us were lucky to have survived. It is not what I would wish any enemy of mine. It’s an internecine experience, it’s not a good one. Everybody who experienced a war wouldn’t like a re-occurrence of such horrible experience. It’s a traumatic experience. You present a picture of tough-talking and aggressive Biafran soldier."
Do you somehow reflect your Biafran experience in the interpretation of your roles in movies?
"Pete-Edochie1 Curiously, I was not a Biafran solider. I went to the war for a specific assignment but not as a solider. I happened to be very strict by nature. I have five sons and eleven grand children. It is because I am strict and that’s why I was able to control those young men. If God gives you male children and you are soft, they will be wasted. I think it reflects in my movies because I am a very strict person. If I am playing the Igwe role, I am an Igwe through and through. My wife has a little to play when I am an Igwe. Ordinarily, in an Igbo culture your wife has little role to play in the Igwe’s affairs. The Igwe has his cabinet, he addresses them and they discuss issues affecting his Kingdom. The wife has little role to play, and when I am playing the role of an Igwe, my wife does not function one day. She can come in and bring kola nuts and greet my guests. That’s it. In that regard, I am not weak at all."
CAREER AND LIFE
He got into radio broadcasting in 1967 at the age of 20 as a junior programmes assistant after which he was elevated to the level of a Director. He was director of programmes, but doubling sometimes as Deputy Managing Director and occasionally acting as Managing Director. He quit ABS because the government decided to politise the affairs of their FM station, thereby resulting in the entire management being asked to move out, including him. He was to be the immediate successor to the MD but had to leave and enrol into the movie industry. Prior to that, he had featured in Things Fall Apart and had won an International Award. The BBC flew into Nigeria to interview him for his role in Things Fall Apart.
Pete Edochie came into limelight in the 1980s when he played the lead role of Okonkwo in the Nigerian Television Authority's adaptation of Chinua Achebe's all time best selling novel, "Things Fall Apart". Since then, Pete Edochie has featured in over 200 Nollywood movies and his prowess in the industry has won him many national and international awards.
In 2005 the Actors' Guild of Nigeria placed Pete Edochie and several other actors, including Genevieve Nnaji, Omotola Jalade Ekeinde, Nkem Owoh, Ramsey Noah, Stella Damasus Aboderin, Chinwe Okeke and Richard Mofe Damijo on a one-year ban from filming after they were said to have been collecting huge fees from producers due to their A-list celebrity status. The ban placed on these actors was seen as doom in the Nigerian film business, but currently, the actors are back in filming.
On August 16, 2009 Nollywood actor, Pete Edochie was kidnapped. The veteran actor was kidnapped by one Mr. James Philip currently stationed in Afghanistan on his way to an event in Anambra State. He was kidnapped at Nkpor and was released on August 17, 2009.
IN A 2015 INTERVIEW WITH VANGAURD HE SPOKE ON HIS ROLE IN THE MOVIE THE BROUGHT HIM TO LIMELIGHT; THINGS FALL APART, READ BELOW:
In your movies, there is always a reflection of the Okonkwo character, the role you played in the NTA adaptation of Chinua Achebe’s classic, Things Fall Apart.
That’s what a lot of people say. When I did Things Fall Apart, I was 38 years of age. That was thirty years ago. I am 68 years now. People still call me “Ebube Dike” and before Chinua Achebe died he was calling me Ebube Dike. He never called me Pete, and we were very close. Each time people visited him in America, he would ask them about me. He created the character and because he thought I interpreted it perfectly, he named me after Okonkwo- Ebube Dike. So, a lot of people still see me and refer to me as a Ebube Dike and I answer them.
When you got the script to play the lead character, what was uppermost in your mind?
When the script was handed over to me, I said to myself. This is the opportunity for me to read the script since we didn’t read the book while I was in school. I was delighted to read it. Before then, I’ve not read the novel, Things Fall Apart. I knew nothing about it. Now, it was to be adapted into a screenplay. People were invited to come and audition for roles. Somebody who worked with me in the broadcasting House, Engr G.C Ugwu (now late) recommended me. He was the Zonal Director of NTA in Benin in those days. He had always watched me in the broadcasting house where I worked and the moment they decided to produce the play, the first name that came to his mind as Okonkwo was me. But there were other people that came for the general audition. I was invited to the audition and the venue was the main auditorium of he University of Nigeria, Enugu campus. The moment I walked into the auditorium, the white woman who was invited to handle costuming and other things saw me. She just looked at me as I was coming in, and screamed, saying: “if this man could act, that’s the man we want for the role.” She never met me before that day. I walked in, and was given the script. Other people were also given the script to read, and when I read mine, they shook hands with me and said, we are good to go. They said there was no point continuing with the audition; that the role is for me. As at that time, I didn’t know the implications of being in that production. We went ahead and produced the play and I won an international award. I am proud to say that BBC flew into the country to interview me and Chinua Achebe too. Nigerians were phoning and congratulating me. It was a moment of crowning glory for me. I think it was a defining moment in my professional career.
SPEAKING ABOUT HIS CHILDREN IN AN INTERVIEW
The veteran actor said to motivate each of his six children, he bought them all cars upon graduation from the university. Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Photo:
"I Bought Cars For All Six Of My Children" - Actor Pete Edochie “I wanted to motivate them and keep them away from peer pressure. Parents must be able to motivate their children and set target for them. The minimum target for each of them was to graduate from higher institution; their reward upon graduation is a car. And where I come from, it is important to keep one’s word; I bought the car for each of them. Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Photo: "I Bought Cars For All Six Of My Children" - Actor Pete Edochie Yul who is over 30 is the last born and he got his too.” Pete Edochie tells The Nollywood Reporter The celebrated actor who has been married for over 45 years said his marriage is about the longest in the industry and he never thought of taking a new wife. “I married early and have remained married since then. What am I looking for a second wife for? I married a woman who gave me six children, what could I possibly be looking for in another woman that I didn’t get from this woman? There is no reason for it”
Pete as a young actor
SOURCES:vanguardngr.com,wikipedia.org,wikipedia.org,naij.com,nigerianbiography.com,takemetonaija.com
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Yul Edochie biography: Wife, children, net worth, accident, movies, latest updates
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2020-11-25T11:24:08+03:00
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YUL EDOCHIE BIOGRAPHY is interesting and inspiring. Get to learn more details about his wife, children, net worth, movies, and so much more in this post.
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Tuko.co.ke - Kenya news.
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https://www.tuko.co.ke/392621-yul-edochie-biography-wife-children-net-worth-accident-movies-latest-updates.html
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If you are a fan of Nigerian movies, the name Yul Edochie does not sound new to you. He is a renowned Nigerian actor who has featured in countless movies. He is also famous as the last born son to the legendary actor Pete Edochie who is among the Nollywood industry pioneers. Yul Edochie biography contains all the juicy details you need to know about the talented actor.
Yul Edochie began his acting career in 2005 when he was cast to play a role in the film The Exquires. He came to the limelight in 2007 after starring in a bestseller movie Wind of Glory alongside Genevieve Nnaji. Since then, he has starred in several other movies, which have made him a Nollywood icon.
Yul Edochie profile summary
Full name: Yul Chibuike Daniel Edochie
Date of birth: January 7, 1982
Place of birth: Anambra state, Nigeria
Current age: 38 years as of 2020
Nationality: Nigerian
Parents: Pete and Josephine Edochie
Marital status: Married
Spouse: May Yul-Edochie
Children: Danielle, Kambi, Karl, and Victory Yul-Edochie
Occupation: Actor/ film director
Yul Edochie biography
How old is Yul Edochie? He was born on January 7, 1982, in Lagos, Nigeria. Yul is currently 38 years old. His parents named him after popular Russian actor Yul Brynner. Who is the biological father of Yul Edochie? His biological father’s name is Pete Edochie. Pete Edochie is a legendary actor and one of the pioneers of the Nollywood film industry. Yul's mother is Josephine Edochie.
He originates from Anambra state, but he has spent most of his life in Lagos and Enugu. Does Yul Edochie have any siblings? He is the last born in a family of 6. Yul has five siblings. The names of his brothers are Leo Edochie, Uche Edochie, Linc Edochie, and Gene Edochie. Yul also has a sister who is the fifth child in the family but details about her are unknown.
Yul Edochie education
Which schools did Yul Edochie attend? For his early education, Yul Edochie attended Lillian’s Day Nursery school and Robinson Street Primary School in Enugu between 1984 and 1992. He enrolled for his secondary education between 1992 and 1998 in four different schools, all of which were located in Enugu.
He enrolled at Marist Brothers’ Juniorate, Uturu University Secondary School, Ecumenical Community Secondary School, and New Haven Boys Secondary School. After completing his secondary education, Yul enrolled at the University of Port Harcourt, where he pursued a Bachelor of Arts degree in Dramatic Arts.
Career
Yul debuted his career Nollywood industry at the age of 23 when he was cast to play a role in the movie The Exquires alongside Justus Esiri and Chidi Mokeme. From that time, he featured in several other Nollywood movies.
His big break came in 2007 when he featured in the movie Wind of Glory alongside Genevieve Nnaji and Desmond Elliot. Since that time, he has continued to land versatile roles in the Nigerian movies that have been released.
He felt that the country was not doing enough to train the next generation of actors and actresses. Therefore, he established the Yul Edochie Academy in 2015 to train the next generation of actors and actresses.
Yul Edochie movies
The famous actor has been featured in many movies since he debuted his career as an actor in 2005. Here is a list of some of the movies in which the legendary actor has featured in.
Battle of Lions (2020)
My New Wife (2020)
Prince Charming (2020)
True Royal Blood (2020)
Click Me (2020)
Big Paper Boys (2020)
Painfull Will (2020)
Run (2020)
The Single Lady Next Door (2020)
Moms at War (2018)
The Billionaire That Ran Mad (2018)
The Cruel Hand of Justice (2018)
Enemies Must Bow (2018)
Rich But No Rest of Mind (2017)
Love Do Cost A Thing (2017)
Punishment of the Gods (2017)
Not an Ordinary Battle (2017)
The God that Answereth by Fire (2017)
My Sons Jealous Friends (2017)
My Bad Criminal Sister (2017)
The True Heir to the Throne (2017)
Tears of Royal Blood (2017)
Mysterious Family (2017)
What I Fear Most (2017)
Vanity of Life (2017)
Tears of Victory (2017)
The Prince and His Betrothed (2017)
Rain of Hope (2016)
The Secret of Riches (2016)
The Chosen Wife (2016)
Mistake of a Prince (2016)
What We Do For Love (2016)
Innocent Couple (2016)
Wicked Hand (2016)
Cry of a Maid (2016)
Mysterious Mistress (2016)
Royal Maid (2015)
Compound Fools (2015)
Dowry Man (2015)
Spirit of Battle (2014)
The Mirror (2014)
Apostles of Lucifer (2014)
Python Queen (2014)
Eye of the Eagle (2013)
Blind Choice (2013)
Death Certificate (2013)
Money Kingdom (2013)
Restless Soul (2013)
Bridge of Contract (2012)
The End is Near (2012)
Against the Law (2012)
Sarafina (2011)
Pleasure and Crime (2011)
Unstoppable (2010)
Tears of Hope (2009)
My Loving Heart (2009)
Kiss My Pain (2008)
Wind of Glory (2007)
Sleek Ladies (2007)
The Exquires (2005)
Awards and nominations
Over the course of his career as an actor, Yul Edochie has received several awards. He received the Best New Actor of the Year (English) Award in 2009 during the City People Entertainment Awards. In addition, he won the Best Actor Award during the Pamsaa Awards in 2013. The same year, he won the Best Actor of the Year (English) award during the City People Entertainment Awards.
Yul Edochie net worth
How much is Yul Edochie Worth in 2020? As a popular face in the acting industry, the Nigerian actor has managed to amass a significant amount of wealth. He has an estimated net worth of $1.8 million. He has built up his net worth with the salary he receives from the acting roles.
His net worth is expected to increase significantly over the next few years as he takes on more acting roles in Nollywood. Besides acting, Yul earns a significant sum as the brand ambassador for brands such as Oros perfume.
Is Yul Edochie married?
Who is Yul Edochies wife? Yul Edochie is married to May Yul-Edochie. The two got married when Yul was 22 years and have been together ever since. Yul and May met in 1998 while he was still in the University. They got married in 2004, having dated for 6 years. May is a computer engineer and a businesswoman.
Yul Edochie children
Yul Edochie and his wife are blessed with four lovely children; three sons and a daughter. The names of his children are Kambi Edochie, Dani Edochie, Karl Edochie, and Victory Zane Chukwubuike Yul- Edochie. His eldest daughter, Dani, turned 15 in April this year.
Yul Edochie accident
The father of four was involved in an accident which nearly took his life. The accident happened on May 4, 2019, when he was travelling to the Eastern part of Nigeria. He lost control of his vehicle, rumbling severally ending up in a gutter. Yul was driving at high speed before he lost control of the Nissan Pathfinder SUV, which crashed beyond repair, leaving him in bruises.
Even though it was a near-death experience, the actor considers it to be a life-changing event. He has since dedicated his life to helping others and spreading the gospel of God.
Indeed, Yul Edochie biography is interesting and inspiring. The 38-year-old is one of the most sought after actors in Nollywood. Yul has starred in countless movies, and he is still active in the industry. The future is bright for the talented actor as he is expected to feature in Nollywood movies that will be released in the future.
Tuko.co.ke published an article on how Nollywood actor Yul Edochie confirmed opulence with photos of his beautiful home. Veteran Nollywood actor, Yul Edochie, has no doubt paid his dues in the entertainment industry especially after starring in several blockbuster movies which are still relevant till date.
Despite being a somewhat lowkey actor compared to his celebrity counterparts, Yul seems to be doing quite good for himself and his family. The picture showed that the house has lovely tile flooring, a white coat of paint all over, a nice looking artificial fireplace and more. In the caption of the post, the film star added that his wife, May, was responsible for the decor.
Source: TUKO.co.ke
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https://3news.com/showbiz/celebrities/spend-your-savings-because-death-is-inevitable-yul-edochie-advises-fans/
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Spend your savings because death is inevitable – Yul Edochie advises fans
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2024-08-02T17:04:30+00:00
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Nigerian actor and self-styled pastor, Yul Edochie has sparked a stir on social media by telling his followers to spend their savings rather than put them aside for the future.
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en
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3News
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https://3news.com/showbiz/celebrities/spend-your-savings-because-death-is-inevitable-yul-edochie-advises-fans/
|
Advertisement
Nigerian actor and self-styled pastor, Yul Edochie has sparked a stir on social media by telling his followers to spend their savings rather than put them aside for the future.
Edochie urged his Instagram followers to “chop their money” and give part to those in need, pointing out that death is inevitable and they will leave behind their savings if they don’t spend it.
Responses to Edochie’s remarks have been divided; some have called on him to live in the moment and share with others, while others have criticized his advise as careless and reckless.
Yul expanded on his views, stating that life is not as serious as people make it out to be and that everyone will eventually die.
He emphasised the importance of enjoying one’s life and sharing with others, rather than hoarding wealth.
“We’re all going to die. It’s only a matter of time. e go reach everybody. Life is not that serious. Na we just dey take am too serious. That money wey you dey hide, bring am out, chop am well well. Share some with other people. If not, you go still leave am die,” he said.
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Nollywood Spotlight📰
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Welcome to Nollywood Spotlight, where we dive into the latest news, your favorite Nigerian movies and stars.
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https://www.nollywoodspotlight.org/favicon.ico
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https://www.nollywoodspotlight.org/search/label/Nollywood%2520actor%2520Yul%2520Edochie
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President Tinubu's Address to the Nation: Key Highlights and New Initiatives
President Bola Ahmed Tinubu addressed the nation on Sunday, August 4, 2024, to respond to ongoing hunger protests and economic challenges. ...
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https://olablessing.tumblr.com/post/167899157971/facts-you-didnt-know-about-yul-edochies-wife
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Facts you didn’t know about ☆Yul Edochie’s wife and daughter
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[
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2017-11-26T09:56:17+00:00
|
Facts you didn't know about ☆Yul Edochie's wife and daughter Nigerian heartthrob Yul Edochie was incredibly secretive about his personal life at the beginning of his career. However, in the recent...
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https://64.media.tumblr.com/avatar_7f02b01354bd_128.pnj
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Tumblr
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https://www.tumblr.com/olablessing/167899157971/facts-you-didnt-know-about-yul-edochies-wife
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Nigerian heartthrob Yul Edochie was incredibly secretive about his personal life at the beginning of his career. However, in the recent years, the actor has been opening up and sharing some sneak peeks of his wife and kids. We’ve decided to compile all the available information about Yul Edochie wife and daughter (as well as her younger brothers), so that you can get to know your favourite actor a little better through his family.
Who is Yul Edochie?
Let us remind you a little bit about who Yul Edochie is. This well-known Nigerian actor was born on January 7, 1982 in Lagos, Nigeria. Yul is the sixth child of Josephine and Pete Edochie, another famous Nollywood actor.
Despite the fact that his father has always been very famous and respected, Yul wanted to achieve everything on his own. He left his parents’ home to receive higher education at the University of Port Harcourt, where he studied Dramatic Arts. After that, he set out to become a Nollywood star.
These days, we can certainly say that Yul has achieved what he wanted and more. He is a successful actor, head of an acting academy named after him and even a gubernatorial candidate for Anambra State. However, we are also quite sure that he would not have been able to reach these heights without his family. Let’s talk about Yul Edochie family and how they all make each other better.
Yul Edochie wife
To all those asking ‘Is Yul Edochie married?’, let us inform you, that he is in fact married. You might not believe it, but Yul met his wife a very long time ago. And by ‘long time’ we mean almost twenty years ago! The two met in 1998, when Yul was attending the university, and they have not separated since. In 2004, they got married, which only made their relationship stronger.
You are probably wondering:
Who is this woman who has kept one of the most desired men in Nollywood by her side all these years? Well, her name is May, although she also goes by Mary. Before she met Yul, she used to be May Aligwe. Today, she uses the name May Yul-Edochie, which shows how totally devoted she is to her husband.
From her page on Facebook (http://ift.tt/2hgvykR) and her Instagram (@mayyuledochie), we have been able to gather that she was born on September 28 (year of birth unknown). She attended the Airforce secondary school in Ikeja and the Enugu State University of Science and Technology.
From her husband’s interviews, we know that she works in the sphere of computer engineering and even has her own business. If her Facebook page is anything to go by, then the name of her company is DKK Investments, where she is the CEO.
But what about her marriage?
When it comes to her relationship with Yul, it seems like May is the definition of a perfect wife. When the two met for the first time, Yul had virtually nothing. However, May did not care about his wealth, which was why she has stayed with him through thick and thin and helped him to get his life back on track.
May has always supported him with words and actions and she continues to do so now that her husband is running for governor. On her Instagram, May posts photos and videos of his campaign, and it is obvious that she does all she can to stand by her husband.
This love and support are not one-sided. Even though Yul does not like to talk much about his personal life, he always says that marrying his wife at 22 is the best decision he has ever made.
Here is a cute little fact for you:
In 2012, on February 14, the most romantic holiday of all, Yul went all out with the gift for his wife. Instead of just getting her a bunch of red roses, he bought her a brand new red Toyota!
Yul often praises May for being very understanding when it comes to his sometimes crazed fans or other perils of being a famous actor. He swears that he has never looked at another person the same way he does at his wife, and that nobody could ever tempt him to cheat on May.
Yul and May have been together for quite a while, and as a result of that they now have three beautiful children, one of whom we will pay special attention to.
Yul Edochie daughter
READ ALSO: Uche Jombo husband and son
The eldest child of Yul and May is their daughter Dani. She was born on April 14, 2005, merely a year after her parents got married. From what we have seen on her parents’ Instagram pages, she has a regular childhood, albeit just a little fancier than that of any other child.
But here is the thing:
When she was born, her parents were barely able to afford the hospital bills. Right at that time, Yul hit a rough patch in his life, but, thanks to his loving family, he was able to get back on his feet and give his loved ones what they deserved. When it was Dani’s first day of secondary school, Yul got very emotional in one of his posts, and it was very touching to see how much she meant to him.
So far, Dani has not yet publicly expressed her thoughts on who she wants to be when she grows up. However, she already has an endorsement deal, even though she is only twelve years old. She and her father are promoting a line of electronics (smart watches and tablets) for kids from the brand called Ninos that allow parents to know about their children’s location.
Here is another fact for you:
In case you did not know, Dani is not the only child in the family. She has two younger brothers, Karl and Kambi. The boys look like they are about 9-10 years old, but neither Yul nor May have ever said anything about their ages.
Now you know a little bit more about Yul Edochie and family. It is not much, but that is all he is comfortable sharing with the public, so we should respect his boundaries. Nevertheless, we sure are glad to see that Yul is happy, as he is surrounded by such wonderful and loving people. God bless him and his family.
READ ALSO: Nigerian actress Ruth Kadiri biography
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454
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dbpedia
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| 5 |
https://dbpedia.org/page/Yul_Edochie
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en
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About: Yul Edochie
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Yul Chibuike Daniel Edochie populary known as Yul Edochie// (born 7 January 1982) is a Nigerian actor, named after Russian actor Yul Brynner. He is from Anambra state Nigeria, the son of Nigerian actor Pete Edochie. He was raised both in Lagos and Enugu. He is the last of six children. He got married at the age of 22. He attended the University of Port Harcourt, where he received a Bachelor of Arts in Dramatic Arts.
|
DBpedia
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http://dbpedia.org/resource/Yul_Edochie
|
dbo:abstract
يول تشيبويكي دانيال إدوتشي (من مواليد 7 يناير 1982) هو ممثل نيجيري، سمي على اسم الممثل الروسي الشهير يول براينر. هو من ولاية أنامبرا بنيجيريا، ونجل الممثل النيجيري بيت إدوتشي، وقد نشأ في لاغوس وإنوغو. هو الأخير من بين 6 أطفال، وتزوج في سن 22، والتحق بجامعة بورت هاركورت، حيث حصل على بكالوريوس الآداب في الفنون المسرحية. (ar)
Yul Edochie es un actor nigeriano, llamado así por el popular actor ruso Yul Brynner. (es)
Yul Chibuike Daniel Edochie populary known as Yul Edochie// (born 7 January 1982) is a Nigerian actor, named after Russian actor Yul Brynner. He is from Anambra state Nigeria, the son of Nigerian actor Pete Edochie. He was raised both in Lagos and Enugu. He is the last of six children. He got married at the age of 22. He attended the University of Port Harcourt, where he received a Bachelor of Arts in Dramatic Arts. (en)
Юл Чибуке Даниэль Эдочи (род. 7 января 1982) — нигерийский актёр, названный в честь американского актёра Юла Бриннера. Родом из штата Анамбра, сын нигерийского актёра Пита Эдочи. Провел детство в Лагосе и Энугу, был младшим из шести детей в семье. Учился в Университете Порт-Харкорта, где получил степень бакалавра искусств (ru)
rdfs:comment
يول تشيبويكي دانيال إدوتشي (من مواليد 7 يناير 1982) هو ممثل نيجيري، سمي على اسم الممثل الروسي الشهير يول براينر. هو من ولاية أنامبرا بنيجيريا، ونجل الممثل النيجيري بيت إدوتشي، وقد نشأ في لاغوس وإنوغو. هو الأخير من بين 6 أطفال، وتزوج في سن 22، والتحق بجامعة بورت هاركورت، حيث حصل على بكالوريوس الآداب في الفنون المسرحية. (ar)
Yul Edochie es un actor nigeriano, llamado así por el popular actor ruso Yul Brynner. (es)
Yul Chibuike Daniel Edochie populary known as Yul Edochie// (born 7 January 1982) is a Nigerian actor, named after Russian actor Yul Brynner. He is from Anambra state Nigeria, the son of Nigerian actor Pete Edochie. He was raised both in Lagos and Enugu. He is the last of six children. He got married at the age of 22. He attended the University of Port Harcourt, where he received a Bachelor of Arts in Dramatic Arts. (en)
Юл Чибуке Даниэль Эдочи (род. 7 января 1982) — нигерийский актёр, названный в честь американского актёра Юла Бриннера. Родом из штата Анамбра, сын нигерийского актёра Пита Эдочи. Провел детство в Лагосе и Энугу, был младшим из шести детей в семье. Учился в Университете Порт-Харкорта, где получил степень бакалавра искусств (ru)
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https://www.facebook.com/YulEdochieOfficialPage/videos/feeding-my-new-born-baby-the-yul-edochie-way/665452195396779/
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en
|
Feeding my new born baby. The Yul Edochie way.
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""
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[] | null |
Feeding my new born baby.
The Yul Edochie way.
|
de
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https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/yT/r/aGT3gskzWBf.ico
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https://www.facebook.com/YulEdochieOfficialPage/videos/feeding-my-new-born-baby-the-yul-edochie-way/665452195396779/
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3
| 94 |
https://edurank.org/uni/university-of-nigeria/alumni/
|
en
|
66 Notable Alumni of the University of Nigeria [Sorted List]
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] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"EduRank"
] |
2021-08-11T10:00:00-08:00
|
Below is the list of 66 notable alumni from the University of Nigeria sorted by their wiki pages popularity. The directory includes famous graduates and former students along with research and academic staff.
|
en
|
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66 Notable alumni of
University of Nigeria
Updated: February 29, 2024
EduRank
The University of Nigeria is 922nd in the world, 20th in Africa, and 5th in Nigeria by aggregated alumni prominence. Below is the list of 66 notable alumni from the University of Nigeria sorted by their wiki pages popularity. The directory includes famous graduates and former students along with research and academic staff.
Bennet Omalu
Born in
Nigeria
Years
1968-.. (age 56)
Occupations
neuropathologistmedical examiner
Biography
Dr. Bennet Ifeakandu Omalu // is a Nigerian and American physician, forensic pathologist and neuropathologist who was the first to discover and publish findings on chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in American football players while working at the Allegheny County coroner's office in Pittsburgh. He later became the chief medical examiner for San Joaquin County, California, and is a professor at the University of California, Davis, department of medical pathology and laboratory medicine. He is currently the President and Medical Director of Bennet Omalu Pathology.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie
Born in
Nigeria
Years
1977-.. (age 47)
Occupations
short story writernovelistteacherpoetnon-fiction writer
Biography
Chief Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie is a Nigerian writer whose works include novels, short stories and nonfiction. She was described in The Times Literary Supplement as "the most prominent" of a "procession of critically acclaimed young anglophone authors" of Nigerian fiction who are attracting a wider audience, particularly in her second home, the United States.
Peter Obi
Born in
Nigeria
Years
1961-.. (age 63)
Occupations
bankerpoliticianbusinessperson
Biography
Peter Gregory Onwubuasi Obi is a Nigerian politician and businessman who served as governor of Anambra from March to November 2006, February to May 2007, and June 2007 to March 2014. In May 2022, he became the Labour Party candidate for President of Nigeria in the 2023 presidential election, after defecting from the Peoples Democratic Party.
Nnamdi Kanu
Born in
Nigeria
Years
1967-.. (age 57)
Occupations
political activist
Biography
Nnamdi Okwu Kanu // is a British-Nigerian political activist who advocates for the secession and independence of Biafra from Nigeria. He is the leader of the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB), which he founded in 2014. The main aim of IPOB is to restore the defunct separatist state of Biafra which existed in Nigeria's Eastern Region during the Nigerian Civil War of 1967–1970.
Godwin Emefiele
Born in
Nigeria
Years
1961-.. (age 63)
Occupations
international forum participantbanker
Biography
Godwin Ifeanyi Emefiele is a Nigerian politician, economist and banker who served as governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria from 4 June 2014 until his suspension by President Bola Tinubu, on 9 June 2023.
Dora Akunyili
Born in
Nigeria
Years
1954-2014 (aged 60)
Occupations
university teacherpharmacologist
Biography
Dora Nkem Akunyili // OFR was the Director-General of National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) of Nigeria from 2001 to 2008.
Bianca Odumegwu-Ojukwu
Years
1968-.. (age 56)
Occupations
lawyerbusinesspersonbeauty pageant contestantdiplomat
Biography
Bianca Odinakachukwu Olivia Odumegwu-Ojukwu is a Nigerian politician, diplomat, lawyer, businesswoman and beauty pageant titleholder. The widow of former Biafra president Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, she is a multiple international pageant titleholder, having won Most Beautiful Girl in Nigeria, Miss Africa, and Miss Intercontinental. Formerly a presidential advisor, she was the country's ambassador to Ghana and became Nigeria's Ambassador to Spain in 2012.
Ike Ekweremadu
Born in
Nigeria
Years
1962-.. (age 62)
Occupations
politician
Biography
Ike Ekweremadu is a Nigerian politician and a lawyer who hails from Enugu State and served in the Senate of Nigeria for Enugu West from 3 June 2003 to 5 May 2023. He is a member of the People's Democratic Party, and was the Deputy President of the Nigerian Senate for three (3) consecutive (6th, 7th and 8th) senate. On 23 June 2022, Ekweremadu and his wife were charged in the UK with conspiring to arrange the travel of a 21 year old into the UK in order to harvest organs. He was found guilty on 23 March 2023 at the Old Bailey. On 5 May 2023, he was sentenced to nine years and eight months imprisonment.
Waje
Born in
Nigeria
Years
1980-.. (age 44)
Enrolled in the University of Nigeria
Graduated with Bachelor of Science in social work
Occupations
singeractorsongwriter
Biography
Aituaje Iruobe known professionally as Waje, which is the first letter from each word in the phrase "Words Aren't Just Enough," is a Nigerian singer. She first gained recognition after being featured on the remake of P-Square’s "Omoge Mi". Waje was also featured on the duo's 2008 hit track "Do Me". She contributed vocals to Banky W's "Thief My Kele" and M.I's "One Naira". In 2016, Waje was one of the four judges in the inaugural season of The Voice Nigeria. In 2018, on the final season of the Africa Magic telenovela, Battleground, Waje reemerged.
Chris Nwabueze Ngige
Years
1952-.. (age 72)
Occupations
politician
Biography
Chris Nwabueze Ngige is a Nigerian politician and medical doctor who served as minister of Labour and Employment of Nigeria under President Muhammadu Buhari's administration from 2015 to 2023. He was elected Senator for Anambra Central Constituency in April 2011. He was the governor of Anambra State in Nigeria from May 2003 to March 2006 under the People's Democratic Party (PDP).
Obiageli Katryn Ezekwesili
Born in
Nigeria
Years
1963-.. (age 61)
Occupations
chartered accountantpoliticianeconomist
Biography
Obiageli "Oby" Ezekwesili // is an economic policy expert, an advocate for transparency, accountability, good governance and human capital development, a humanitarian and an activist. She is a former vice president for the World Bank's Africa region, co-founder and founding director of Transparency International, co-founder of the #BringBackOurGirls movement and has served twice as Federal Minister in Nigeria. She is also the founder of #FixPolitics Initiative, a research-based citizen-led initiative, the School of Politics Policy and Governance (SPPG), and Human Capital Africa.
Herbert Wigwe
Born in
Nigeria
Years
1966-2024 (aged 58)
Occupations
bankerinternational forum participanteconomist
Biography
Herbert Onyewumbu Wigwe CFR was a Nigerian banker and businessman. He was the group managing director and CEO of Access Bank Plc, one of Nigeria's top five banking institutions, after succeeding his business partner, Aigboje Aig-Imoukhuede.
Kingsley Moghalu
Born in
Nigeria
Years
1963-.. (age 61)
Occupations
writerdiplomat
Biography
Kingsley Chiedu Moghalu OON is a Nigerian political economist. He served as Deputy Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria, appointed by President Umaru Musa Yar'Adua, from 2009 to 2014. He subsequently taught at Tufts University as Professor of Practice in International Business and Public Policy at The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy from 2015 to 2017. He was the presidential candidate of the Young Progressive Party (YPP) in the country's general election in February 2019.
Patrick Utomi
Born in
Nigeria
Years
1956-.. (age 68)
Occupations
academic
Biography
Patrick Okedinachi Utomi is a Nigerian professor of political economy and management expert. He is a Fellow of the Institute of Management Consultants of Nigeria and a former presidential candidate. He is the founder of Centre for Value in Leadership (CVL) and the African Democratic Congress. He is a professor at Lagos Business School, and has served in senior positions in government, as an adviser to the president of Nigeria, the private sector, as Chief Operating Officer of Volkswagen Nigeria.
Chris Okotie
Years
1958-.. (age 66)
Occupations
politician
Biography
Christopher Oghenebrorie Okotie is a Nigerian televangelist and the pastor of the Household of God Church International Ministries, a Pentecostal congregation in Lagos since February 1987.
Nwachukwu Uti
Years
1982-.. (age 42)
Occupations
actor
Biography
Uti Nwachukwu is a style icon, TV personality, actor and the co-host of the Nigerian show Jara. He is a native of Ndokwa, Aboh Kingdom, Ndokwa East Local Government Area, Delta State, Nigeria.
Chimaroke Nnamani
Born in
Nigeria
Years
1960-.. (age 64)
Occupations
politician
Biography
Chimaroke Nnamani // is a medical doctor and Nigerian politician from Enugu State. He was elected Governor of Enugu State in the 1999 Enugu State gubernatorial election from 1999 to 2007. He subsequently served as a People's Democratic Party (PDP) Senator for Enugu East Senatorial District from 2007 to 2011 and was re-elected in 2019.
Nonso Diobi
Born in
Nigeria
Years
1976-.. (age 48)
Occupations
film directoractor
Biography
Nonso Diobi // is a multiple award winning Nigerian actor and film director. While studying Theatre Art at the University of Nigeria, He made his debut on-screen appearance in a 2001 film titled Border Line followed by an outstanding performance in the movie titled "Hatred". He went on to give a sterling performance in the movie 'Across the bridge' which gave him breakthrough after which he became a house hold name across Africa. Diobi is a native of Nawfia, a small town in Anambra State, Nigeria. He is the founder and chairman of Golden tape media, a leading film/tv production company in Africa. Nonso Diobi is a UN peace ambassador as well as teachers without Borders ambassador. He has starred in over 76 films.
Kalu Ikeagwu
Born in
United Kingdom
Years
1972-.. (age 52)
Occupations
actorwriter
Biography
Kalu Egbui Ikeagwu listen is a British-Nigerian actor and writer. As an actor, he has received several awards and nominations for his performances on screen.
Chikwe Ihekweazu
Born in
Germany
Occupations
business executiveepidemiologist
Biography
Chikwe Ihekweazu // is a Nigerian epidemiologist, public health physician and the World Health Organization’s Assistant Director-General for Health Emergency Intelligence and Surveillance Systems.
Emmanuel Iwuanyanwu
Born in
Nigeria
Years
1942-.. (age 82)
Occupations
politicianbusinessperson
Biography
Chief Dr. Emmanuel Chukwuemeka Iwuanyanwu is a Nigerian politician and businessman, considered one of the richest Igbo men in Nigeria.
Olisa Metuh
Born in
Nigeria
Occupations
lawyer
Biography
Olisa Metuh // is a Nigerian lawyer and politician, he was the Former National Publicity Secretary of the People's Democratic Party from 2012 to 2016.
Onyeka Nwelue
Born in
Nigeria
Years
1988-.. (age 36)
Occupations
writer
Biography
Onyeka Nwelue is a Nigerian writer, jazz musician and filmmaker. In 2023, he attracted attention upon being terminated by the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge from the position of Academic Visitorship.
Nnenna Okore
Born in
Australia
Years
1975-.. (age 49)
Occupations
sculptorartist
Biography
Nnenna Okorelisten is an Australian-born Nigerian artist who lives and works in Chicago at North Park University, Chicago. Her largely abstract sculptural forms are inspired by richly textured forms and colors within the natural environment. Okore's work frequently uses flotsam or discarded objects to create intricate sculptures and installations through repetitive and labor-intensive processes. She learnt some of her intricate methods, including weaving, sewing, rolling, twisting and dyeing, by watching local Nigerians perform daily domestic tasks. In her more recent works, Okore uses plant-based materials (in particular, food scraps and food waste) to create large bioplastic art forms and installations. Her work has been shown in galleries and museums within and outside of the United States. She has won several international awards, including a Fulbright Scholar Award in 2012. and the Australian Creative Victoria Award in 2021.
Okechukwu Enelamah
Years
1965-.. (age 59)
Occupations
international forum participantphysician
Biography
Okechukwu Enelamah // is Nigeria's former Minister of Industry, Trade and Investment. He was nominated by President Muhammadu Buhari to join the Federal Cabinet in October 2015 and appointed to the Industry, Trade, and Investment portfolio in November 2015. He served in this position till 2019.
Ojo Maduekwe
Born in
Nigeria
Years
1945-2016 (aged 71)
Occupations
diplomatpoliticianlawyer
Biography
Chief Ojo Maduekwe // was a Nigerian politician of Igbo origin, from Ohafia, Abia State.
Oserheimen Osunbor
Years
1951-.. (age 73)
Occupations
politician
Biography
Oserheimen Osunbor,, is a Nigerian lawyer and politician who was a Senator of the Federal Republic of Nigeria from 29 May 1999 to 29 May 2007 and the Governor of Edo State of Nigeria from 29 May 2007 to 11 November 2008.
Olu Oguibe
Born in
Nigeria
Years
1964-.. (age 60)
Occupations
writeracademicphotographercuratorart historian
Biography
Olu Oguibe is a Nigerian-born American artist and academic. Professor of Art and African-American Studies at the University of Connecticut, Storrs, Oguibe is a senior fellow of the Vera List Center for Art and Politics at the New School, New York City, and the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC. He is also an art historian, art curator, and leading contributor to post-colonial theory and new information technology studies. Oguibe is also known to be a well respected scholar and historian of contemporary African and African American art and was honoured with the State of Connecticut Governor's Arts Award for excellence and lifetime achievement on 15 June 2013.
Okwesilieze Nwodo
Born in
Nigeria
Years
1950-.. (age 74)
Occupations
politician
Biography
Dr. Okwesilieze Nwodo // is a Nigerian politician who was elected Governor of Enugu State in January 1992 during the Nigerian Third Republic. Later he became the national secretary, national chairman, and a senior politician in the People's Democratic Party (PDP).
Kema Chikwe
Born in
Nigeria
Years
1951-.. (age 73)
Occupations
politician
Biography
Kemafo Nonyerem "Kema" Chikwe is a former Nigerian Federal Minister of Aviation. She currently holds the position of National Women Leader of the Nigerian political party PDP.
Kiki Mordi
Born in
Nigeria
Years
1991-.. (age 33)
Occupations
filmmakerdocumentary filmmakerentrepreneurradio personalitycelebrity
Biography
Nkiru "Kiki" Mordi is a Nigerian investigative journalist, filmmaker, writer and entrepreneur. She dropped out of school because she was harassed by a lecturer in her school. This ordeal was what led her to shoot the Sex for Grades video with the BBC Africa Eye. The documentary exposed the depth of sexual harassment among Nigerians and Ghanaian lecturers. In 2016, she won the award of Outstanding Radio Program Presenter at the Nigerian Broadcasters Merit Awards.
Ifeoma Okoye
Years
1937-.. (age 87)
Occupations
children's writerwriter
Biography
Ifeoma Okoye // is a Nigerian novelist. She has been referred to by fans as "the most important female novelist from Nigeria after Flora Nwapa and Buchi Emecheta," according to Oyekan Owomoyela. She was born in Anambra State in Eastern Region, Nigeria. She went to school at St. Monica's College in Ogbunike to receive a teaching certificate in 1959. She then graduated from the University of Nigeria in Nsukka to earn a Bachelor of Arts honours degree in English in 1977. She wrote novels including Behind the Clouds, children's novels and short stories, such as The Village Boy and Eme Goes to School.
Viola Onwuliri
Years
1955-.. (age 69)
Occupations
politicianbiochemist
Biography
Viola Adaku Onwuliri // is a university professor of Biochemistry and politician who served as Nigeria's Foreign Minister.
Obi Emelonye
Born in
Nigeria
Years
1967-.. (age 57)
Enrolled in the University of Nigeria
Graduated with Bachelor of Arts in theater arts
Occupations
screenwriterfilm director
Biography
Obi Emelonyelisten is a Nigerian film director. He is known for directing award-winning films such as Last Flight to Abuja (2012), The Mirror Boy (2011), and Onye Ozi (2013).
Francisca Nneka Okeke
Born in
Nigeria
Years
20th Century
Occupations
physicistacademic
Biography
Francisca Nneka Okeke is a Nigerian physicist. She is a Professor of Physics at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka and first female head of a department in the University.
Olufemi Lanlehin
Born in
Nigeria
Years
1953-.. (age 71)
Occupations
politician
Biography
Solagbade Olufemi LanlehinListen is a Nigerian lawyer and politician. He represented the Oyo South Senatorial district in the 7th Senate of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. He contested for the seat of Governor of Oyo state in the 2019 Oyo State gubernatorial election under the African Democratic Congress
Uzoamaka Aniunoh
Born in
Nigeria
Occupations
actor
Biography
Uzoamaka Aniunoh is a Nigerian actor and writer. She has been a regular cast member of MTV Shuga appearing in several series including the first and the sixth.
Nkechi Ikpeazu
Born in
Nigeria
Years
1960-.. (age 64)
Occupations
governoraccount executivepoliticianteacher
Biography
Nkechi Caroline Ikpeazu // was the First Lady of Abia State from 29 May 2015 to 29 May 2023, as wife of the former Governor of Abia State located in the southeast of Nigeria.
Onyema Ugochukwu
Years
1944-.. (age 80)
Occupations
economistjournalist
Biography
Onyema Ugochukwu // CON is a Nigerian economist, journalist, and politician. Ugochukwu served as the senior Special Adviser on Communication to Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo and the first Executive Chairman of the Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC). On 25 February 2008, an Abia State elections tribunal declared Ugochukwu the winner of the 2007 gubernatorial election and Governor-elect of Abia State. However, on 11 February 2009 an appeal court in Port Harcourt overturned the ruling, declaring that Theodore Orji of the PPA had in fact won the election.
Rasheed Alabi
Born in
Nigeria
Years
1986-.. (age 38)
Occupations
association football player
Biography
Rasheed Oladimeji Alabi Suaibu is a Nigerian footballer who last played for Iranian club Sanat Naft.
Kelechi Amadi-Obi
Born in
Nigeria
Years
1969-.. (age 55)
Occupations
painterphotographerportrait photographer
Biography
Kelechi Amadi-Obi // is a Nigerian creative photographer, painter, artist and the publisher of Mania Magazine. His work in photography and visual art has earned him international renown featuring in many international exhibitions including Snap Judgment: New Position in contemporary African Photography, International center of photography New York (2006) He has been described as one of Nigeria's groundbreaking celebrity photographers who has "helped put Nigerian photography on the world map.". Vogue calls him "a major force in the creative scene in Nigeria."
Sonni Ogbuoji
Years
1954-.. (age 70)
Occupations
politician
Biography
Sonni Ogbuoji is a Nigerian politician who was elected Senator for Ebonyi South, in Ebonyi State, Nigeria in the 9 April 2011 national elections. He was elected on the People's Democratic Party ticket. He left the senate in the 2019. Sonni hails from Ebunwana Edda in Afikpo South local government area of Ebonyi state.
Echezonachukwu Nduka
Born in
Nigeria
Years
1989-.. (age 35)
Occupations
pianistwriterliterary criticpoetmusician
Biography
Echezonachukwu Chinedu Nduka // is a Nigerian poet, pianist, author, recording artist, and ethnomusicologist specializing in piano music by West African composers. His work has been featured on BBC, Radio Nacional Clasica de Argentina, Radio France International (rfi), and Classical Journey.
Nwabueze Nwokolo
Born in
Nigeria
Years
1954-.. (age 70)
Occupations
barrister
Biography
Nwabueze Jaja Wachuku Nwokolo, a royal princess of Ngwaland, is a Nigerian United Kingdom based lawyer who is council member at Law Society of England and Wales; including being a director and board chair of Great Britain's BSN: Black Solicitors Network, the largest membership organisation of its kind in Europe. Nwokolo is a member of Law Society of England and Wales' Minority Ethnic Concerns Group. Also, she sits on the RAB: Regulatory Affairs Board of the Law Society.
Ugochukwu-Smooth Nzewi
Born in
Nigeria
Years
20th Century
Occupations
art historianexhibition curatorvisual artist
Biography
Ugochukwu-Smooth C. Nzewi is a Nigerian artist, art historian, and curator, currently curator in the Department of Painting and Sculpture at Museum of Modern Art in New York City. He was raised in Enugu and studied under sculptor El Anatsui at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, before traveling as an artist and curator. In the United States, he completed his doctorate at Emory University in 2013 and became the curator of African art at Dartmouth College's Hood Museum of Art. In 2017, he moved to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Nzewi has curated the Nigerian Afrika Heritage Biennial three times, the Dak'Art biennial in 2014, and independent exhibitions at Atlanta's High Museum of Art and New York's Richard Taittinger Gallery. Nzewi also exhibited internationally as an artist and artist-in-resident.
Onigu Otite
Born in
Nigeria
Years
1939-2019 (aged 80)
Occupations
sociologistacademic
Biography
Onigu Otite was a Nigerian sociologist. He was among the first set of students to attend the first indigenous Nigerian university - University of Nigeria, Nsukka. He wrote several books including The Urhobo People, On the Path of Progress, Ethnic Pluralism and Ethnic Conflicts in Nigeria, and Introduction to Sociology which he co-authored with William Ogionwo. The Urhobo Studies Association USA Chapter regard him as one of the earliest Urhobo scholars to focus attention on the culture and history of the Urhobo People of the Niger Delta.
Chinelo Anohu-Amazu
Occupations
international forum participantjurist
Biography
Chinelo Anohu is a Nigerian lawyer, public servant and administrator. She is the immediate past Director General and CEO of National Pension Commission,. She was a member of Pension Reform Committee of 2004 that introduced contributory pension scheme in Nigeria. In May 2019, she was appointed as the Head and Senior Director of the AfDB's Africa Investment Forum.
Kate Azuka Omenugha
Born in
Nigeria
Years
1965-.. (age 59)
Enrolled in the University of Nigeria
Graduated with Master of Science in social communication
Graduated with Bachelor of Science
Occupations
politician
Biography
Kate Azuka Omenugha // is a Nigerian educator and politician who was the Commissioner of Basic Education, Anambra State, Nigeria from 2014 to March 2022
Olufunke Baruwa
Years
1976-.. (age 48)
Occupations
activist
Biography
Olufunke Baruwa is a Nigerian gender and development practitioner, feminist and public speaker with a focus on gender, public policy and governance. For more than two decades, she has been at the forefront of social policies and reforms in Nigeria working with government, civil society, and international development partners.
Nkechi Agwu
Born in
Nigeria
Years
1962-.. (age 62)
Enrolled in the University of Nigeria
Graduated with Licentiate
Occupations
mathematician
Biography
Nkechi Madonna Adeleine Agwu // is a mathematics teacher. Agwu is a naturalized American citizen, tenured faculty at the Borough of Manhattan Community College, part of the City University of New York, and was a director of the college's Center for Excellence in Teaching, Learning and Scholarship.
Sunday Popoola
Years
1955-.. (age 69)
Occupations
translatoracademic
Biography
Apostle Sunday Popoola is a Nigerian pastor and the General Overseer of Word Communication Ministries and the presiding Apostle and Founder of Christ Family Assembly Churches.
Lucy Ejike
Born in
Nigeria
Years
1977-.. (age 47)
Occupations
powerlifter
Biography
Lucy Ogechukwu Ejike // is a Nigerian Paralympic powerlifter. She has represented her country at six consecutive Paralympic Games from 2000 in Sydney through to 2021 in Tokyo. She has won medals at each, three gold, two silver and one bronze. She won a further silver medal at the Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth games women's lightweight category of the Para Powerlifting event behind compatriot Esther Oyema.
Ousman Jammeh
Born in
Gambia
Years
1953-.. (age 71)
Occupations
politiciandiplomat
Biography
Ousaman Jammeh is a Gambian politician.
Okechukwu Nwadiuto Emuchay
Born in
Nigeria
Years
1960-.. (age 64)
Occupations
diplomat
Biography
Okechukwu Nwadiuto Emuchay //, also referred to as "Okey Emuchay," is a diplomat and formerly Nigeria's Consul-General to South Africa.
C.J. Obasi
Born in
Nigeria
Years
20th Century
Enrolled in the University of Nigeria
Graduated with Bachelor of Science in computer science
Occupations
film editorfilm directorscreenwriter
Azikiwe Peter Onwualu
Born in
Nigeria
Years
1959-.. (age 65)
Occupations
researcherengineer
Biography
Azikiwe Peter Onwualu is a Nigerian professor of Agricultural engineering and Director General and Chief Executive Officer of the Raw Materials Research and Development Council (RMRDC) of Nigeria from 2010 to his retirement in 2014.
Laz Unaogu
Years
1956-2004 (aged 48)
Occupations
politician
Jeff Unaegbu
Years
1979-.. (age 45)
Occupations
scientist
Tessy Okoli
Occupations
academic
Abu Kasim Adamu
Born in
Nigeria
Occupations
vice chancellorprofessorbotanist
Biography
Adamu Abu Kasim is a Nigerian botanist and professor of science. He was appointed as vice chancellor of Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai by Abubakar Sani Bello, assumed office in December 2019.
Clef nite
Born in
Nigeria
Years
1985-.. (age 39)
Occupations
guitarist
Biography
Victor Chukwunonso Nite Jnr. also known as Clef nite is a US-based Nigerian Afro-classical guitarist, performer and music producer. He is known for his percussive chord playing style on the classical guitar.
Prince Ihekwoaba
Born in
Nigeria
Years
1988-.. (age 36)
Occupations
association football player
Biography
Prince Ihekwoaba // is a Nigerian former footballer.
Simon Aranonu
Years
1961-.. (age 63)
Occupations
business executive
Biography
Simon Aranonu is a Nigerian accountant and banking executive. He is the executive director of Large Enterprises at the Bank of Industry.
Nancy Achebe
Occupations
professoracademiclibrarian
Biography
Nancy Ekwulira Achebe // is a Nigerian professor of library and information science. She is the first vice president of the Nigerian School Library Association and the current head of the department of Library and Information Science at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN). She has also been the director of the School of General Studies at UNN, and has published about 70 articles in journals and newspapers.
Helen Uche Ibezim
Born in
Nigeria
Years
1964-.. (age 60)
Biography
Helen Uche Ibezim // is a Nigerian educationist and an author who has published several books (novels, poetry. collection of plays and children's books) which include Your Gift is your Power (motivational book), Beyond the Heartbeat (novel) and The Ultimate Price & other plays (collection of plays).
Chinyere Ukaga
Born in
Nigeria
Years
1966-.. (age 58)
Occupations
parasitologistacademic
Biography
Chinyere Ukaga is a professor of public health parasitology in the department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Imo State University, Owerri.
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William Onyeabor: One of modern music's greatest enigmas
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"Ernest Nweke"
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2024-01-27T11:00:00+00:00
|
After self-producing eight albums in the 1970s and 80s that went on to become cult classics, William Onyeabor all but disappeared. Who was the man behind the myth?
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en
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/bbcx/apple-touch-icon.png
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https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20240126-william-onyeabor-one-of-modern-musics-greatest-enigmas
|
After self-producing eight albums in the 1970s and 80s that went on to become cult classics, William Onyeabor all but disappeared. Now, the elusive figure's eldest son talks to the BBC.
He produced eight albums of his own music between 1977 and 1985 in a high-tech studio in rural Nigeria, and then gave up music completely, devoting himself to Christianity. In the years that followed, he achieved cult status across the world, and in 2009 a Nigerian-American music writer decided to put a compilation of his music together with backing from David Byrne's record label Luaka Bop – but the elusive figure proved difficult to track down. Finally, in 2013, the album was released and praised as one of the records of the year. It was titled, fittingly, Who Is William Onyeabor?
Sporting a short afro that went perfectly with his signature cowboy hats and stylish suits, William Ezechukwu Onyeabor – who died in 2017 at the age of 70 – has been described by The New York Times as "a cipher with a tantalisingly mysterious back story".
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"The thing about my father is that he was not a man who was moved by fame or money," Onyeabor's eldest son Charles Onyeabor tells BBC Culture. "He was extremely talented in many ways and preferred a quiet life of great impact to glory and noise. He loved music but was largely disenchanted with the fame that came with making music and this was why it was easy for him to give up making new music. When he did, he had so much more going on for him and he never really stopped filling his space with music."
Like his looks, Onyeabor's music had a distinct style. The production was ahead of its time and contained component elements that would eventually become popular years after he had stopped recording. The music Onyeabor made from his little studio in Enugu in the 70s and 80s was nothing like the music coming out of the rest of Nigeria. Not even Lagos, the entertainment hub of the country, had studios or people with the skill set to produce synthesised electro-afro-funk. According to Luaka Bop, Onyeabor was "Nigeria's answer to synth-pop and New Wave".
"The traveller knows better than the aged" is a popular Igbo adage that can explain the cosmopolitan sound of Onyeabor's music. William Onyeabor's father, a preacher and merchant trader, and his wife had all their eight children while living in Benue State, Nigeria, away from their home in Enugu State.
After his primary education, Onyeabor moved to Mamfe in Cameroon for his secondary education. In Cameroon, Onyeabor – who already spoke Igbo, Idoma, and English – also learnt to speak French. During this time, Onyeabor's father died and his mother immediately became a merchant trader herself, moving goods across Nigeria.
Emerging from conflict
When Onyeabor returned home at 21, it was to a country at war. The Nigerian Civil War (1967-1970, fought over the breakaway state of Biafra) had just begun, and he served in the Biafran army as a secretary and French translator, sending signals and correspondence to various units of the army.
After the war, Onyeabor formed a drama group that staged plays for free at the Nnamdi Azikiwe Stadium in Enugu before travelling to France to study cinematography. While there, Onyeabor honed his sound production skills.
When he returned to Nigeria, he married his wife, Jacinta Amoge Onyeabor, in a secret wedding and opened his recording studio at 45 Edinburgh Road, Enugu. It was at Edinburgh Road that Onyeabor recorded and released his albums, including Crashes in Love, Atomic Bomb, Tomorrow, Body & Soul, and Great Lover. At the studio, he also produced and manufactured vinyl records, as well as recording music for other artists.
According to Charles Onyeabor, "Edinburgh Road was the centre of media and film corporations in Enugu in the 70s and 80s. By the time I was born, my father was already making records. He took me to the studio and to everywhere he went from the moment I could walk. He had me sit in on meetings even though I was too young to say anything.
"Looking back at it all as an adult, I believe he moved with a constant consciousness that he was not going to be alive forever. At a very young age, I knew his studio was the biggest in Nigeria. Its sound production was very high-tech, with 64 multi-track machines installed as early as 1981. Of course, I did not understand the impact of this or the exact words to express it at the time, but I was well aware of it."
Onyeabor's friend, the post-civil war football legend Dominic Nwobodo, recalls visiting this studio often in the 80s. "He [Onyeabor] set up a studio on a storey building in New Layout. It was very high-tech. He imported the instruments from overseas and recorded his songs and other people's songs there."
By the release of one of his biggest hits, Atomic Bomb, in 1978, Onyeabor's craft was as recognisable as his cowboy hats. The song starts simply with a few piano chords, followed by a bass guitar, drums, a tambourine, an acoustic guitar and strings, all merged and blended in an audio brew of jazzy afro-funk. Onyeabor's voice comes in after almost a minute, leading a call-and-response exchange with backing singers. After two minutes, Onyeabor leans in heavily on the synthesiser for the musical effect he is known for.
According to Luaka Bop, "Onyeabor's dance anthem played on fears that were very real at the time – and still are." Nigerian DJ Temitope Kogbe told the record label: "Though the Cold War... had petered off in the West, Africa was the new theatre for this confrontation… So the Cold War and its threat of atomic bomb was still very much in the spirit of the times when the record was released in 1978."
Beyond the eight-minute song, the five-track album of the same name exemplifies a quintessential Onyeabor record in its songwriting, recording, and production. As with each of his albums, it covers themes of love, war, appeals for world peace, and treating fellow humans better. Onyeabor's values and character are laid bare in his songwriting.
He was a remarkable man who got inspiration from just about anything. He did not speak much, but he did much – Dominic Nwobodo
In an active music career that spanned almost a decade, Onyeabor explored different sub-genres. With a style that relied on synthesising sounds to create a form of electronic dance music, Onyeabor took inspiration from his life experiences for both his songwriting and his sound production. Onyeabor included electro-modified sounds from his very first album.
What anyone unfamiliar with Onyeabor's Nkanu culture would not know is that, though synthesised, the music in the song Jungle Gods from his first album, Clashes in Love, comes from sounds that traditionally accompany masked spirits in Nkanu. "He was a remarkable young man who got inspiration from just about anything. He did not speak much, but he did much, and he was always inspired and always had new wonderful ideas," Nwobodo tells BBC Culture.
Nothing tells the story of William Onyeabor's life like his music. His entire discography shows us his sophistication from years of travels around the world, and his songwriting carries his values in three recurrent themes – family love, war and peace, and love for all of humanity informed by his Christian faith. Nothing explains his dedication to his family better than the words of Charles Onyeabor. "My father did not joke with his family. He took me everywhere and provided all we needed. Even when he and I began to disagree as I became a teenager, he never allowed that to affect his decisions. He always put our welfare and future first."
Onyeabor's fascination with war came from his first-hand experience of seeing unarmed people get killed during the Biafran war. On the Atomic Bomb album, Onyeabor sang in his song Shame that if one had some money but never helped the poor, then they ought to be ashamed.
Onyeabor was a philanthropist. "My father was known to support other musicians, especially upcoming ones," says Charles Onyeabor. "Besides giving those in need money and food, he also funded scholarships for people in my village and provided the village with borehole water and other amenities. And he hated speaking about himself or the good he was doing. He called doing so 'eye-service'."
Onyeabor spent some time in Denmark and later Sweden studying electromagnetic engineering. By the 80s and 90s, he was an industrialist. In addition to founding the recording companies Automatic Record Manufacturing Company (ARMC) and Wilfilms, he also set up a semolina flour-producing company, Catapult LTD. "In 1987, my father won the African Industrialist of the Year Award," says Charles. "He was an excellent boxer and sprinter. He also drew and sculpted. A sculpture of his still sits at the 82 Division Army Headquarters at Abakpa Nike Enugu." Thanks to his many travels, William Onyeabor was fluent in Igbo, Idoma, Yoruba, English, French, Italian and Swedish Svenska.
Legacy
Charles Onyeabor continues to keep his father's legacy alive in his music. Sometimes, he works with the kinds of sound his father had been at the forefront of birthing; other times, being his father's son and unafraid to try new things, he does things differently. "My father did so much that my passion for music came from him, from watching him come alive whenever he was around music. And wherever he was, there was music. It is only natural that I carry on his legacy."
Following the 2013 album, a 2014 documentary film, Fantastic Man, explored the myths surrounding Onyeabor and there were live tribute events worldwide by the Atomic Bomb! Band – a supergroup that included David Byrne, Damon Albarn, and members of Hot Chip and LCD Soundsystem.
He might not have liked drawing attention to himself, but with a talent like his and the albums he left us, it is only natural that the world wants to know more about him. William Onyeabor was an electro pioneer: his work with the synthesiser was revolutionary, and his musical output spoke for itself.
As Charles Onyeabor said at the time of his father's death, "He wasn't doing his music for the money. He was trying to tell the world how he felt and what he thinks." Who was William Onyeabor? It's all there, in his music.
If you liked this story, sign up for The Essential List newsletter– a handpicked selection of features, videos and can't-miss news delivered to your inbox every Friday.
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https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/celebrities/actor-yul-edochie-reveals-second-son-with-judy-austin-on-his-birthday/xtc11sz
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Actor Yul Edochie reveals second son with Judy Austin on his birthday
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2024-04-22T16:12:07+00:00
|
Nollywood actor Yul Edochie reveals that he and Judy Austin have a second son | Pulse Ghana
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en
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Pulse Ghana
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https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/actor-yul-edochie-reveals-second-son-with-judy-austin-on-his-birthday/3hl5q00
|
Taking to his Instagram on April 22, 2024, Edochie posted a carousel of pictures of his son, taken during a birthday photoshoot. In the pictures, the tot sported white traditional attire and held a customised hand fan with his name on it.
In his caption, Edochie beckoned on his followers to celebrate with him and Judy on their child's special day and prayed for him.
His caption read, "It's time to grant the world the privilege to meet our son. From Isi Mmili Ji Ofor & Ijele Isi Mmili @judyaustin1. His name is Pete Ndubuisi Yul-Edochie. Named after his two grandfathers. Rejoice with us as he turns 1yr old. Happy birthday, son, you shall be 10 times greater than your parents. May God lead you always & may your ancestors stand by you solidly."
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Fans and fellow celebrities flooded the comment section with birthday wishes and prayers for the birthday boy.
Actress Uche Ogbodo commented, "Happy birthday Fine boy." Actor Emeka Ike said, "Happy Birthday son and congratulations to his parents." Nollywood actor Michael Uchegbu also commented, "Happy birthday handsome bobo," and one of Edochie's followers said, "Happy birthday son. May the light of the Lord keep shining on your path in Jesus name. Amen."
Pulse Nigeria
It is worthy of note that in April 2022 the actor announced his marriage to Judy and the birth of their first son named Star.
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"It’s time for the world to meet my son. His name is STAR DIKE MUNACHIMSO YUL-EDOCHIE. Born by my second wife @judyaustin1 And I love him so much, just as much as I love my other children," he captioned the photo.
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https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124618121
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en
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May Yul-Edochie
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Nigerian entrepreneur
|
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/static/apple-touch/wikidata.png
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https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124618121
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Nigerian entrepreneur
edit
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454
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dbpedia
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https://www.tiktok.com/%40juicyblog247/video/7312413752962469126
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en
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Make Your Day
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https://www.instagram.com/forsmanchristabel/reel/C3DQHIjsskl/
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Instagram
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https://hiphopkit.com/biography/yul-edochie/
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Yul Edochie Biography, Age, Height, Life Style & Family History, 2024 Net Worth
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[] |
2022-08-21T12:51:36+01:00
|
Yul Chibuike Daniel Edochie (listen) predominantly known as Yul Edochie (listen) (born 7 January 1982)
|
en
|
HipHopKit
|
https://www1.hiphopkit.com/biography/yul-edochie/
|
Yul Chibuike Daniel Edochie ( listen) predominantly known as Yul Edochie ( listen) (born 7 January 1982) is a Nigerian actor, named after Russian actor Yul Brynner. He is from Anambra state Nigeria, the son of Nigerian actor Pete Edochie. He was raised both in Lagos and Enugu. He is the last of six children. He got married at the age of 22. He attended the University of Port Harcourt, where he received a Bachelor of Arts in Dramatic Arts.
Personal life
Edochie is married to May Aligwe and has three sons and a daughter. Their names are Kambi Edochie, Dani Edochie, Karl Edochie and Victory Zane Chukwubuike Yul Edochie. On April 27, 2022, the actor revealed that he had taken fellow actor, Judy Austin, as his second wife, as well as their newborn son. This news was met with backlash from many colleagues and fans, and a show of support from others.
Career
Edochie Joined Nollywood in 2005 in his first film titled The Exquires alongside Justus Esiri and Enebeli Elebuwa. He got his break in 2007 after featuring alongside Genevieve Nnaji and Desmond Elliot in the movie Wind Of Glory.
In 2015, Edochie opened a film academy in Lagos. The academy gives talented people the opportunity to be introduced to the Nigerian Film Industry.
Politics
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Yul Edochie, Daddy Freeze, others congratulate Nigerian celebrity, Radiogad on birth of baby
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Media personality and influencer, Destiny Ezeyim, popularly known as Radigad has welcomed a baby girl with his British lover.
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Yul Edochie: Movies, TV, and Bio
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yul_Edochie
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Yul Edochie (born on 7 January 1982), also known as Yul Chibuike Daniel Edochie, is a Nigerian actor named after Russian actor Yul Brynner. He is from Anambra State, Nigeria and the son of Nigerian actor Pete Edochie.
He was raised both in Lagos and Enugu. He is the last of six children. He got married at the age of 22. He attended the University of Port Harcourt, where he received a Bachelor of Arts in Dramatic Arts.
He is married to May Aligwe and has 3 boys and a girl. They are Kambilichukwu Leo Edochie,[1][2] Dani Edochie, Karl Edochie and Victory Zane Chukwubuike Edochie.
On 30 March 2023, it was reported that Kambi, Yul Edochie's first son, had died due to a seizure.[3] The following day Isaiah Ogedegbe chided Prophet Samuel King for his total lack of sympathy for the Edochie's family when he came out to say that he had predicted Kambi's death before it happened.[1][2]
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Yul Edochie was born 41 years ago, today (Historically) What's your favourite Yul Edochie movie? Happy birthday Success Isaac
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Yul Edochie was born 41 years ago, today
(Historically)
What's your favourite Yul Edochie movie?
Happy birthday Success Isaac
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Nigerians have descended on Yul Edochie over his insensitive post about how his colleague actor, the late Junior Pope betrayed his trust. Edochie attributed the development to backstabbing by the late movie producer. The self-acclaimed pastor took to his social media page on Tuesday, recounting his lack of involvement in the burial ceremony of the … Read more
Nollywood actor, Yul Edochie has disclosed his plans of having 11 children to replace the child he lost last year. Yul Edochie and his estranged wife, May Aligwe had four children until last year when he lost his oldest son. Recall that Kambi, 16, died March last year after he suddenly developed a seizure while … Read more
Nigerian actress Sarah Martins has blamed popular Nollywood actor Yul Edochie for the Super Eagles’ loss at the AFCON final. Sharing on her Instagram page, she noted that the Super Eagles lost because of Yul Edochie’s prophecy before the match started. The actor now turned pastor had earlier prophesied that the Super Eagles would defeat … Read more
Nollywood actor, Yul Edochie has fired shots at his first wife, May Yul-Edochie for augmenting her body despite losing her first child. May had earlier on lamented about how the year 2023 snatched her flesh and blood and made her go through a lot. According to May, despite the pains she was forced to endure … Read more
Veteran Nollywood actor, Pete Edochie has reacted to the news of his fourth son, Yul Edochie’s marital crises. Yul Edochie cheated on his wife of 20 years with a colleague actress, Judy. This broke the heart of Yul’s Wife, May Edochie who decided to file for a divorce. May Yul Edochie begun divorce proceedings against … Read more
May Yul Edochie is filing for a divorce from Yul Edochie and has stopped him for accessing their home while demanding N100m in damages from him and his second wife, Judy over alleged adultery. May who is being represented by Femi Falana and Eculaw group is also demanding for N100m in damages from Yul and … Read more
Nollywood actor, Yul Edochie, has deleted all photos of his 2nd wife, Judy Austin off his social media pages after allegedly discovering he’s not the father of their son. Nigerian gossip blogs allege that Yul painfully discovered that his 2nd wife trapped him after a DNA test revealed their son isn’t actually his. It is … Read more
May-Yul Edochie, the first wife of Nigerian actor Yul Edochie, has warned her husband that he cannot force her to accept polygamy. May, in a post on Instagram, said she doesn’t begrudge her husband for believing in polygamy and going for a second wife but she cannot be part of any polygamous marriage. Her reaction … Read more
Yesterday, Nigerian actor Yul Edochie shared a video enjoying a good time with his first Mary in his car. The video had people believe that he had settled issues with the lady and was living as a happy polygamous family. Yul Edochie captioned the video; “Fun moment with my Angel. CEO Extraordinaire @mayyuledochie” which sort … Read more
More dirty secrets and allegations are coming up against Nigerian actor Yul Edochie after he boldly announced the birth of a son with another woman. Yul Edochie became a topic for discussion when he showed the face of a bouncing baby boy and revealed he was his son whom he had with a colleague actress. … Read more
Nollywood actor, Yul Edochie, has incurred the wrath of his wife and social media in-laws with an announcement of a second marriage and a newborn. Yul took to his social media page on Wednesday to state that the time is right for the world to meet his secondwife and his newly born son. In his announcement, … Read more
Nollywood is on fire as rumors are suggesting that actor Yul Edochie has welcomed a child with another Nollywood actress. According to reports, Yul and this said lady have been going steady for a long while now, they are having an amorous affair that lots of people knew about. The actress’s name has been given … Read more
Ghanaian dancehall star Flexer Gh has showered praises on Nollywood actor Yul Edochie over his talent and charisma. Flexer in a post on social media describes Yul as an entire movie industry on his own due to the powerful and touching movies he acts in. READ ALSO: Lack of Talent and Fame Is Making Samini … Read more
Nollywood actor Yul Edochie has called for Nigerian President Muhammadu Buhari to resign! According to Yul, Buhari is a huge failure and should step down from his position. The actor’s comments come as the country is engulfed in unrest. READ ALSO: Xandy Kamel Trying To Create Confusion For Dr Kwaku Oteng – Sets Up Her … Read more
Nollywood actor and movie maker Yul Edochie has scared the life out of his Instagram fans after he posted this picture on his page. In the picture, he looked like he just suffered some terrible accident, close to an abandoned and dejected man with sores all over. READ ALSO: Michy Drops New PHOTOS- Fans Shout … Read more
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Top Nollywood Actresses And Their Hidden Adorable & Look Alike Daughter's 💕💕❤
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Top Nollywood Actresses And Their Hidden Adorable & Look Alike Daughter's 💕💕❤
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30-nov-2023 - Biography May Yul-Edochie (born September 16, 1983), whose real name is May Aligwe, is a renowned entrepreneur excelling as a media…
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Pinterest
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Yul Edochie: biography, net worth, family life and professional accomplishments
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Yul Edochie: biography, net worth, family life and professional accomplishments Yul Edochie: biography, net worth, family life and professional accomplishments
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en
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Youth Entrepreneurship
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https://www.dayoadetiloye.com/yul-edochie-biography-net-worth-family-life-and-professional-accomplishments/
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When the word Edochie is mentioned, your thoughts immediately turn to the legendary actor from Nollywood, Pete Edochie, who captivated the hearts of numerous moviegoers with his outstanding performances. But as they say, the apple doesn’t fall too far from the tree. Yul Edochie, as he was more commonly known, was the successor apparent to Pete Edochie’s film career.
What may be referred to as a modern Nollywood actor is Yul Edochie. He entered the film industry with polished, genuine performances and a seriousness of acting after making his acting debut in 2005. It is no surprise that he is living up to his namesake, the late Russian actor Yul Brynner, given that he was the inspiration for his name. He has received tremendous appreciation in Nollywood for being a versatile performer. Many aspiring actors who looked up to him as their idol were encouraged to pursue acting professions as a result of his appealing and spectacular theatrical accomplishments.
Biography
Pete and Josephine Edochie welcomed Yul Chibuike Daniel into the world on January 7, 1982 in Anambra State. He is the sixth child that his parents have ever had. His mother was a broadcaster, while his father is a well-known cinema veteran. In his early years, he went to Robinson Street Primary School and Lillian’s Day Nursery School. When he was finished, he continued his education through high school, attending the Junioriate of the Marist Brothers as well as a few other institutions until he graduated. He then continued on to pursue a university education, earning a Theatre Arts degree from the University of Port Harcourt (UNIPORT).
Net Worth
Yul Edochie has an estimated net worth of $1.8 million (N694,170,000) as a result of his lucrative acting, business, and political careers.
Family life
Yul Edochie wed May Aligwe in 2004. They are fortunate to have four kids. But Edochie only recently revealed via Instagram on April 27, 2022, that he had wed a second woman and the couple welcomed a son. These admissions created a commotion among his family as well as on social media. Many responses came out, calling him “an unfaithful lover” and other derogatory terms. Online debates between men and women also broke out often, both supporting and disputing Yul Edochie’s behavior.
Yul Edochie’s Professional Accomplishments
Acting Career
Yul Edochie’s father undoubtedly serves as his inspiration. He credits him with his triumphs for giving him unwavering support throughout his development, particularly in his academic career. When Edochie was growing up, he recalled that his father was “strict to a fault.” Along with many others who went unmentioned, Jim Iyke and Emeka Ike had an impact on his acting.
He moved to Lagos in search of a more fulfilling life, and at the age of 23, he began an acting career there. He then appeared in his first film, “The Exquires,” alongside actors like as Enebeli Elebuwa and the late Justice Esiri. Later, he became well-known for his role in the 2007 movie “Wind of Glory,” which also starred Genevieve Nnaji and Desmond Elliot. After then, Edochie gained momentum in the movie industry and developed a solid reputation. Yul Edochie has acted in over 100 movies, playing a variety of roles such as ritualists, loverboys, etc.
Again, the main factor contributing to certain people’s enjoyment of his films is his portrayals as villains. He makes an appeal to realism, which makes it simple for people to recognize his contribution to the Nollywood business.
Read Also: Tony Elumelu: Biography, Net worth, family life and achievements
Below are some of the movies he featured in:
The Exquires (2005)
Wind of Glory (2007)
Sleek Ladies (2007)
Give It Up (2008)
Kiss my Pain (2008)
Tears of Hope (2009)
My Loving Heart (2009)
Sarafina (2011)
Zone 9 (2012)
Bridge of Contract (2012)
The End is Near (2012)
Death Certificate (2013)
The Jezebels (2013)
Restless Soul (2013)
Apostles of Lucifer (2014)
Ojuju Calabar (2015)
Compound Fools (2015)
The Affectionate Wife (2017)
ATM Machine (2017)
The Billionaires (2018)
About Time Larry (2021)
Devil Has Fallen (2021)
7 Days to Die (2021)
Agents of Darkness (2021)
The Dark Knight (2021)
Golden Staff of Wealth (2021)
Soul of a Wife (2022)
Theatrical Academy
For a while, Yul Edochie started to worry about the types of movies that Nollywood was producing. Not only that, but he was also concerned about the industry’s growing influx of inexperienced rising actors. So, on his own, he founded the “Yul Edochie Academy” in 2015, a film school with the express purpose of evaluating the skills and degrees of experience of aspiring Nollywood actors and actresses. He created this academy to personally prepare the upcoming Nollywood actors and actresses for success in the film industry.
Philanthropy
He did not only become well-known through film. He is a kind-hearted individual as well. His philanthropic spirit inspired him to start the “Yul Edochie Charity” foundation in 2011. Its goal is to assist those who are in great need.
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Nnamdi Azikiwe | Biography & Facts
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Nnamdi Azikiwe was the first president of independent Nigeria (1963–66) and a prominent nationalist figure. Azikiwe attended various primary and secondary mission schools in Onitsha, Calabar, and Lagos. He arrived in the United States in 1925, where he attended several schools. Azikiwe earned
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Encyclopedia Britannica
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https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nnamdi-Azikiwe
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Nnamdi Azikiwe (born November 16, 1904, Zungeru, Nigeria—died May 11, 1996, Enugu) was the first president of independent Nigeria (1963–66) and a prominent nationalist figure.
Azikiwe attended various primary and secondary mission schools in Onitsha, Calabar, and Lagos. He arrived in the United States in 1925, where he attended several schools. Azikiwe earned multiple certificates and degrees, including bachelor’s and master’s degrees from Lincoln University in Pennsylvania and a second master’s degree from the University of Pennsylvania. In 1934 he went to the Gold Coast (now Ghana), where he founded a nationalist newspaper and was a mentor to Kwame Nkrumah (later the first president of Ghana) before returning to Nigeria in 1937. There he founded and edited newspapers and also became directly involved in politics, first with the Nigerian Youth Movement and later (1944) as a founder of the National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC), which became increasingly identified with the Igbo people of southern Nigeria after 1951. In 1948, with the backing of the NCNC, Azikiwe was elected to the Nigerian Legislative Council, and he later served as premier of the Eastern region (1954–59).
Azikiwe led the NCNC into the important 1959 federal elections, which preceded Nigerian independence. He was able to form a temporary government with the powerful Northern People’s Congress, but its deputy leader, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, took the key post of prime minister. Azikiwe received the largely honorary posts of president of the Senate, governor-general, and, finally, president.
In the conflict over Biafra (1967–70), Azikiwe first backed his fellow Igbo, traveling extensively in 1968 to win recognition of Biafra and help from other African countries. In 1969, however, realizing the hopelessness of the war, he threw his support to the federal government. After Olusegun Obasanjo turned the government over to civilian elections in 1979, Azikiwe ran unsuccessfully for president as the candidate of a newly formed Nigerian People’s Party (NPP). Prior to the 1983 elections, the NPP became part of an unofficial coalition of opposition parties known as the Progressive Parties Alliance (PPA). The coalition, which was tenuous at best, could not agree on one presidential candidate and decided to field two—Azikiwe, representing the NPP, and Obafemi Awolowo, representing the Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN). Awolowo, the leader of the UPN, was a political rival of Azikiwe, with whom he was often at odds. The coalition had largely deteriorated by the time of the election, and neither Azikiwe nor Awolowo won.
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Things to know about Yul Edochie's second wife, Judy Austin
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Popular Nollywood actor, Yul Edochie, has raised some heated controversy on Nigeria's social media space after unveiling his second wife, Judy Austin, and the child he has with her. The controversy has led to a heated conversation about the place of polygamy in Christianity, as well as in marital life…
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Daily Trust
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https://dailytrust.com/things-to-know-about-yul-edochies-second-wife-judy-austin/
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Popular Nollywood actor, Yul Edochie, has raised some heated controversy on Nigeria’s social media space after unveiling his second wife, Judy Austin, and the child he has with her.
The controversy has led to a heated conversation about the place of polygamy in Christianity, as well as in marital life generally, with some people commending the actor’s courage for revealing his polygamous status, others vilifying him for being disloyal to his first wife, May, whom he has been married to for 17 years with four children.
Yul Edochie welcomes baby boy with second wife
Things to know about Nollywood actor, Yul Edochie
The 40-year-old actor cum politician who is the last of the 6 children of the veteran Nollywood star, Pete Edochie, amidst controversy, took to his Instagram account to shower praises on his first wife, May Edochie, describing her as “Number One” and “Undisputed.”
Meanwhile, here are some things you probably don’t know about Yul’s second wife, Judy Austin Moghalu.
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Zubby Michael & Yul Edochie Who Is Richer? — Check out Cars & Net Worth
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Zubby Michael and Yul Edochie are both popularly known Nollywood actors who have starred in several Nigerian home videos and have acquired a lot of wealth
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Carmart Blog
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https://carmart.africa/motoring/zubby-michael-yul-edochie-who-is-richer-check-out-cars-net-worth/
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Zubby Michael and Yul Edochie are both popularly known Nollywood actors who have starred in several Nigerian home videos and have acquired a lot of wealth through their craft. Both men have been lead characters in various Nollywood films and over the years, their fanbase has continued to expand, and their pockets as well.
But, who is richer of both men? In this article, we answer that question by looking at their cars, properties and their estimated net worth. Keep reading below to learn more about who is richer between Zubby Michael and Yul Edochie.
Zubby Michael, Cars & Net Worth
Going by the full name of Azubuike Michael Egwu, and professionally known as Zubby Michael, he was born on the 1st of February 1985 in Ekwusigo LGA, Anambra State, Nigeria. Zubby Michael grew up in Adamawa State, Nigeria, where he had his primary and secondary school education respectively. He then proceeded to obtain his Bachelor’s degree in Mass Communication from Nnamdi Azikwe University, Enugu State.
Zubby Michael Career
He started acting at the age of 8 years, but he starred in his first movie, missing rib after he completed his first degree and returned to Yola, Adamawa State. He had his first big break into the Nollywood industry happened in 2006 when he starred in the movie titled The Three Widows in a lead role alongside Oge Okoye. After the movie in 2006, he became a popular face and went on to act in many other Nigerian home videos like Princess Rihanna, Implication, The Generals, Royal Storm, The Killer, Stolen Love, and many other movies over the years.
He has been nominated for several awards and has won some awards also. On the 25th of November 2019, he was appointed as the Special Adviser on media to Willie Obiano, the Executive Governor of Lagos State.
He is currently single, and he has a son who he keeps out of the public’s eye. Zubby Michael was involved in a relationship with Mary Okoye for some years. Mary Okoye is the junior sister of Paul and Peter Okoye (Psqaure duo). Zubby Michael and Mary Okoye called it quits when the actor revealed that they ended things because she was ready to settle down, while he was not up for that commitment at the time they broke up. According to him, he has a lot of things he intends to achieve in the future, so watch out.
Zubby Michael’s Net worth
Zubby Michael is not just an actor, he is a movie producer in Nollywood. He has also delved into politics by accepting his appointment as the Special Adviser on Media to Willie Obiano in Anambra State. All these occupations earn him his recognition as one of the highest-paid and most influential actors in Nigeria, especially in the Eastern parts of Nigeria. He has an estimated net worth of about $9.6 million.
Zubby Michael Cars
He is young and getting it, so he has the capability to afford any car which seems affordable to him. Not only is he an actor, but he is a Politician and sometimes he has to look the part.
After Zubby Michael was shot into the limelight in 2006, the first car he copped for himself was a Toyota Camry. But, over the years as he has continued to grow in the industry, so has his style and love for cars.
The actor Zubby Michael is associated with about four luxury cars, and some of his cars include:
A Mercedes-Benz 4matic
Mercedes-Benz 4MATIC is what the brand refers to as their all-wheel drive system, which is available on a number of cars across their range.
Typically, cars send their power to either the front or rear wheels, whereas Mercedes-Benz models fitted with 4MATIC send their power to all four wheels.
Sending power to all four wheels has a number of advantages, which include enhanced stability and traction. In addition, the system adjusts itself to the road surface to maximise grip, which improves safety.
A Range Rover Sport
If you are looking for a vehicle that combines off-road capability and luxury, then the Range Rover Sport is your go-to vehicle. This, in particular, has made the Range Rover the favourite vehicle of many wealthy people in Nigeria, as they get to enjoy luxury and off-roading experiences against the bad roads of Nigeria.
A Mercedes-Benz G-Wagon
The Mercedes Benz G-Wagon is another vehicle that combines off-roading experiences with luxury and comfort. However, unlike the Range Rover, it has a rugged look and a better off-roading experience compared to what’s obtainable with the Range Rover.
Zubby Michael Houses
Zubby Michael’s Home in Asaba, Delta
In 2018, Zubby Michael built a mansion in Asaba, Delta State worth hundreds of millions.
Zubby Michael’s Home in Festac, Lagos
In 2020, Zubby Michael acquired a new house costing over N60 million in total. The house is located in Festac, Lagos, Nigeria.
Yul Edochie Cars & Net Worth
Yul Edochie began his education at Lillian’s Day Nursery School and Robinson Street Primary School from 1984 to 1992. He attended up to four Secondary schools between 1992 to 1998 all located in Enugu- Marist Brothers’ Juniorate, Uturu, University Secondary School, Enugu, Ecumenical Community Secondary School and then New Haven Boys Secondary School before graduating in 1998.
After his secondary school education, he proceeded to the University of Port Harcourt to obtain a bachelor’s degree in Dramatic Arts. While at the University of Port Harcourt, he met his first wife, May Aligwe and the two got married six years after they met. Yul Edochie got married to his heartthrob at the age of 22 years in 2004, and the marriage was blessed with three children, 3 boys and 1 girl.
Yul Edochie Career
He entered the Nollywood industry at the age of 23, starring in The Acquires as his first movie, where he featured alongside Justus Esiri and Chidi Mokeme. He kept his acting and continued to act as a feature character in many movies till his big break came in 2007 when he acted with Genevieve Nnaji and Desmond Elliot in the movie, Wind of Glory. Since his big break, he has continued to act in versatile roles in the industry, especially in home videos.
As someone who saw his father actively acting in movies, he understands the industry to a great extent and the type of talents Nigeria can offer to the world. He felt Nigeria was not doing enough in regard to the film industry, so he went ahead to create his film academy in 2015 in a bid to train the next generation of Nollywood Actors and Actresses.
In July 2017, Yul Edochie relayed to the public that he had every intention to run for office in the Anambra State Governorship election. He was the Governorship candidate for the Democratic People’s Congress Party and when the election took place in November 2017, he took the 19th position out of the 37 candidates that ran for the same office post. In 2018, the current Governor of Anambra State, Dr Willie Obiano, appointed Yul Edochie as the Senior Special Assistant to the Governor on Creative and Entertainment media.
He is the last child of Mr Pete and Mrs Josephine Edochie, and he has five older siblings. He has other family members in the Nollywood industry and he has continued to show passion for what he does. He currently lives in Lekki, Lagos with his family. He attributes his inspiration to his father, Pete Edochie, and to other actors like Jim Iyke, Emeka Ike, Nonso Diobi, Charles Inojie, Robert Deniro, Al Pacino, and many others.
Yul Edochie Net Worth
As a prominent Nollywood Actor, Entrepreneur, Politician and Philanthropist, he has an estimated net worth of $1.8 million
Yul Edochie Cars
Yul Edochie has his own collection of luxury vehicles he has purchased over time, and they include:
Lexus GX 460 SUV
His Lexus GX 460 is a full-size luxury, SUV, boasting both potent off-roading and luxury features. Taking to his Instagram page when he first purchased the vehicle, the actor shared a lone picture of himself posing with his Lexus GX 460 SUV. While giving thanks to God for providing the ride after 16 years, he prayed that the next 16 years to be more fruitful.
“16yrs of hustle. Everywhere good. The next 16yrs will surely be better. Insha Allah” — with Insha Allah meaning by God’s grace.”
Honda Crosstour
This 5-seater automobile runs on a 3.5 Litre V-6 engine with a horsepower of 271. It also has a 5-speed automatic transmission system and a top speed of 0-60 minutes per hour in 7 seconds. The car is valued at N12.3 million.
2012 Mercedes Benz GL450 4matic
This 7-seater Sports Utility Vehicle runs on a 4.6 Litre V-8 engine with a horsepower of 335. It also has a 7-speed automatic transmission at the speed of 0-60 seconds per minute in 6.2 seconds. It is valued at N25.3 million.
2003 Mercedes Benz E-class
This 5-seater sedan has a 3.2 Litre 18 valve V6 petrol engine with a horsepower of 221 producing a speed of 198mph in 12.4 seconds. This 2003 beauty is valued at N7.8 million.
2008 Nissan Pathfinder
This SUV is a 7-seater that has a 4.0 Litre V-6 engine with a horsepower of 270 producing acceleration between 0-60 in 7.8 seconds. It is valued at N12.5 million.
Yul Edochie House
Yul Edochie who lives with his family in Lekki, Lagos is the owner of the duplex in which they live. He also has a house (mansion) in Anambra State where he hails from.
Who Is Richer: Zubby Michael and Yul Edochie?
Between Zubby Michael and Yul Edochie, the former Zubby is richer than Yul compared to their net worth and the properties they own. Although Yul joined the Nollywood industry earlier than Zubby Michael, the success of Zubby has taken over that of Yul Edochie exponentially and this is evident when looking at their collective net worth.
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gpt3]Summarize this content to 100 words: pass Chief Pete Edochie, a Bangladeshi (born 7 March 1947), is a famous Nigerian actor and television personality. He is considered one of the most talented actors in Africa and a father figure to aspiring actors. He has been awarded the Industry Merit Award by Africa Magic and the Lifetime Achievement Award by the African Movie Academy. Although he is an experienced administrator and broadcaster. Pete Edochie rose to fame in the 1980s when he played the lead character Okonkwo in the NTA adaptation of Chinua Achebe's bestselling novel Things Fall Apart. Pete Edochie is a Catholic of Igbo descent from Nigeria. In 2003, he was awarded the Order of Niger by President Olusegun Obasanjo. Nigerian actors Pete Edoch Pete Edochie: History, Biography, Photos Wiki facts and figures full name: Pete Edochie, Chief of Bangladesh stage name: Pete Edoch date of birth: March 7, 1947 (77 years old) place of birth: Enugu, Nigeria country of origin: Anambra State Country of Citizenship: Nigeria high: 1.6 m parents: not applicable brothers and sisters: Tony Edoch Wife • Spouse: Josephine Edochie Girlfriend • Partner: not applicable children: Leo Edochie, Uche Edochie, Linc Edochie, Gene Edochie, Yul Edochie, Eva Edochie Grandchildren: Dani Edochie, Kambi Edochie, Karl Edochie, Victory Zane Chukwubuike Yul-Edochie Profession: Actor • Television personality net worth: $4 million Early life and education Pete Edochie was born in Enugu, Nigeria on March 7, 1947. He is from Anambra State but grew up in Zaria, Kaduna State. Rita Edochie is the sister-in-law of Pete Edochie and the aunt of Yul Edochie and Muna Obiekwe. He is still alive, never mind the rumors of his burial. He has a brother named Tony Edochie. He started his primary education at St. Patrick and St. James Primary School in Zaria. He then proceeded to St. John's College for his secondary education. Subsequently, Edoch entered the British Academy of Journalism and Television and participated in some overseas courses. After graduating from secondary school, Pete Edoch worked for the Nigerian Railways before studying in the UK. After graduation, he entered the broadcasting industry in 1967. personal life Pete Edochie married Josephine Edochie when he was 22 and they had six children: five sons and a young daughter. Pete Edochie has six children, including five sons: Leo Edochie, Uche Edochie, Linc Edochie, Gene Edochie, Yul Edochie, and a daughter named Eva Edochie. He also has grandchildren, namely Dani Edochie, Kambi Edochie, Karl Edochie and Victory Zane Chukwubuike Yul-Edochie. His two sons, Linc and Yul Edochie are also popular as they are also professional actors in the industry. Profession Pete Edochie started his career at the broadcasting company at the age of 20. He started as a junior program assistant and rose through the ranks to become a director, serving in various director positions. However, he left the radio station to join the Nigerian film industry because of the government's decision to politicize the affairs of the radio station. Before he entered the Nigerian film industry, Pete Edochie had already starred in Things Fall Apart and even won international awards and recognition. He made his stage debut in 1962, aged 15, while a student at St John's College, in William Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice. Thereafter, Pete Edochie came into the limelight for his role as the protagonist Okonkwo in the NTA adaptation of Chinua Achebe’s work Things Fall Apart in the 1980s. As a result, the BBC came to Nigeria to interview him and he also received some international recognition.Pete Edochie has also acted in films such as Oduduwa (2000), Battle Line (2002), Rejection Son (2003), Set Up, Lost Kingdom, and many more. In 2005, the Actors Guild of Nigeria banned Pete Edochie and several other actors including Genevieve Nnaji, Omotola Jarad Ekainde, Nkem Owo, Ramsey Noah, Stella Damasus and Richard Mofee Damijo from filming for a year after they allegedly took advantage of their A-list status to collect huge fees from producers. The ban on these actors was seen as doom for the Nigerian movie industry, but currently, these actors have returned to filming movies. In 2009, Pete Edochie was kidnapped and later released unharmed by his kidnappers. In 2020, Pete Edochie played the leading role in the movie "Fatal Pride", which caused a lot of controversy. The Islamic Movement of Nigeria (IMN, also known as Shia) has attacked the veteran Nollywood actor over his role in a new movie, insisting that the film seeks to portray the alliance as a terrorist group. However, the actor insisted that he was not responsible for any issues that the film might raise and insisted that the film's makers should be held accountable. Awards Veteran actor Pete Edochie is an award-winning actor. He has received recognition both locally and internationally. For instance, he was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 2003 and shortly after was awarded the title of Member of the Order of Nigeria. His other awards include: 1999 City People Magazine's Movie Person of the Year 2001 Board of Censorship Best African Actor Best Actor in Nigeria, 2003, by the Board of Censors Former President Olusegun Obasanjo, recipient of the Order of Niger, 2003 In 2013, he won the Special Recognition Award for Best Director of Nigerian Film (BON) with Lanre Hassan (Iya Awero) and former Governor Emmanuel Udaghan. 2013 Africa Movie Academy Awards Lifetime Achievement Award 2014 Africa Magic Audience Choice Awards Industry Merit Award 2017 Life Impact Award, Times Hero Award Filmography The Battle (2008) Test Your Heart (2008) Harvest Day (2007) Secret Pain (2007) Fair Game (2006) Holy Cross College (2006) Tears (2006) Living with Death (2006) ... Mr. Harrison The King's Journey (2006) Pure Baby (2006) Zosha (2006) Azima (2005) Baby Girl (2005) The End of Money (2005) Living in Tears (2005) No Limits (2005) No More War (2005) Aura...Morning Sun (2005) The Price of Ignorance (2005) The Price of Love: Life is Beautiful (2005) Sacred Tradition (2005) Tyrant (2005) Crossing the Niger (2004) Coronation (2004) Dog Party (2004) ... Anacho Abuja Towns (2004) The Human Heart (2004) King of the Jungle (2004) Love from Heaven (2004) My Wish (2004) Negative Impact (2004) The Staff of Oddo (2004) St. Michael (2004) Beyond Death: In God We Trust (2003) Arrow (2003) The Billionaires Club (2003) The Egg of Life (2003) Honey (2003) Love and Politics (2003) Tragic Fortune (2003) Omega (2003) Onunai: Seeds of Slavery (2003) The Abandoned Son (2003) Selfish Desire (2003) Super Love (2003) Tears in the Sun (2003) Tunnel of Love (2003) When God Says Yes (2003) Battle Line (2002) My Love (2002) Tears and Sorrow (2002) Greedy Genius (2001) Fire of the Holy Spirit (2001) A Horrible Sin (2001) Oduduwa (2000) Setting (2000) Chain Reaction (1999) The Lost Kingdom (1999) A Narrow Escape (1999) Living in the Dark (1999) Ceremony (1997) Disintegration (1987), TV series The Last of O'Falla The Lion Throne African Lion Igodo Evil Man Monkey Banana Ed Mili 50 Days with Christ egg No Royal Family (2020) Lionheart (2018) Why Mommy (2016) net worth Pete Edochie is currently one of the richest and most influential Nigerian actors in the film industry with an estimated net worth of $4 million. social media [/gpt3]
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pass
Chief Pete Edochie, a Bangladeshi (born 7 March 1947), is a famous Nigerian actor and television personality. He is considered one of the most talented actors in Africa and a father figure to aspiring actors.
He has been awarded the Industry Merit Award by Africa Magic and the Lifetime Achievement Award by the African Movie Academy. Although he is an experienced administrator and broadcaster.
You are watching: Pete Edochie Biography: Children, Age, Son, Wife, Family, Net Worth, Daughter, Movies, Still Living, Wiki, Pictures, Grandchildren
Pete Edochie rose to fame in the 1980s when he played the lead character Okonkwo in the NTA adaptation of Chinua Achebe’s bestselling novel Things Fall Apart.
Pete Edochie is a Catholic of Igbo descent from Nigeria. In 2003, he was awarded the Order of Niger by President Olusegun Obasanjo.
Nigerian actors
Pete Edoch Pete Edochie: History, Biography, Photos Wiki facts and figures full name: Pete Edochie, Chief of Bangladesh stage name: Pete Edoch date of birth: March 7, 1947 (77 years old) place of birth: Enugu, Nigeria country of origin: Anambra State Country of Citizenship: Nigeria high: 1.6 m parents: not applicable brothers and sisters: Tony Edoch Wife • Spouse: Josephine Edochie Girlfriend • Partner: not applicable children: Leo Edochie, Uche Edochie, Linc Edochie, Gene Edochie, Yul Edochie, Eva Edochie Grandchildren: Dani Edochie, Kambi Edochie, Karl Edochie, Victory Zane Chukwubuike Yul-Edochie Profession: Actor • Television personality net worth: $4 million
Early life and education
Pete Edochie was born in Enugu, Nigeria on March 7, 1947. He is from Anambra State but grew up in Zaria, Kaduna State.
Rita Edochie is the sister-in-law of Pete Edochie and the aunt of Yul Edochie and Muna Obiekwe.
He is still alive, never mind the rumors of his burial. He has a brother named Tony Edochie.
He started his primary education at St. Patrick and St. James Primary School in Zaria. He then proceeded to St. John’s College for his secondary education.
See more : Jack Barlow Bio, Age, Job, Girlfriend
Subsequently, Edoch entered the British Academy of Journalism and Television and participated in some overseas courses.
After graduating from secondary school, Pete Edoch worked for the Nigerian Railways before studying in the UK. After graduation, he entered the broadcasting industry in 1967.
personal life
Pete Edochie married Josephine Edochie when he was 22 and they had six children: five sons and a young daughter.
Pete Edochie has six children, including five sons: Leo Edochie, Uche Edochie, Linc Edochie, Gene Edochie, Yul Edochie, and a daughter named Eva Edochie. He also has grandchildren, namely Dani Edochie, Kambi Edochie, Karl Edochie and Victory Zane Chukwubuike Yul-Edochie.
His two sons, Linc and Yul Edochie are also popular as they are also professional actors in the industry.
Profession
Pete Edochie started his career at the broadcasting company at the age of 20. He started as a junior program assistant and rose through the ranks to become a director, serving in various director positions. However, he left the radio station to join the Nigerian film industry because of the government’s decision to politicize the affairs of the radio station.
Before he entered the Nigerian film industry, Pete Edochie had already starred in Things Fall Apart and even won international awards and recognition.
He made his stage debut in 1962, aged 15, while a student at St John’s College, in William Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice.
Thereafter, Pete Edochie came into the limelight for his role as the protagonist Okonkwo in the NTA adaptation of Chinua Achebe’s work Things Fall Apart in the 1980s.
See more : Zheng Binghui Biography: Wife, Son, Age, Military, Net Worth, Daughter, TV Shows, Movies, Height, Education, Instagram, Wedding Photos
As a result, the BBC came to Nigeria to interview him and he also received some international recognition.Pete Edochie has also acted in films such as Oduduwa (2000), Battle Line (2002), Rejection Son (2003), Set Up, Lost Kingdom, and many more.
In 2005, the Actors Guild of Nigeria banned Pete Edochie and several other actors including Genevieve Nnaji, Omotola Jarad Ekainde, Nkem Owo, Ramsey Noah, Stella Damasus and Richard Mofee Damijo from filming for a year after they allegedly took advantage of their A-list status to collect huge fees from producers.
The ban on these actors was seen as doom for the Nigerian movie industry, but currently, these actors have returned to filming movies.
In 2009, Pete Edochie was kidnapped and later released unharmed by his kidnappers.
In 2020, Pete Edochie played the leading role in the movie “Fatal Pride”, which caused a lot of controversy.
The Islamic Movement of Nigeria (IMN, also known as Shia) has attacked the veteran Nollywood actor over his role in a new movie, insisting that the film seeks to portray the alliance as a terrorist group.
However, the actor insisted that he was not responsible for any issues that the film might raise and insisted that the film’s makers should be held accountable.
Awards
Veteran actor Pete Edochie is an award-winning actor. He has received recognition both locally and internationally. For instance, he was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 2003 and shortly after was awarded the title of Member of the Order of Nigeria. His other awards include:
1999 City People Magazine’s Movie Person of the Year
2001 Board of Censorship Best African Actor
Best Actor in Nigeria, 2003, by the Board of Censors
Former President Olusegun Obasanjo, recipient of the Order of Niger, 2003
In 2013, he won the Special Recognition Award for Best Director of Nigerian Film (BON) with Lanre Hassan (Iya Awero) and former Governor Emmanuel Udaghan.
2013 Africa Movie Academy Awards Lifetime Achievement Award
2014 Africa Magic Audience Choice Awards Industry Merit Award
2017 Life Impact Award, Times Hero Award
Filmography
The Battle (2008)
Test Your Heart (2008)
Harvest Day (2007)
Secret Pain (2007)
Fair Game (2006)
Holy Cross College (2006)
Tears (2006)
Living with Death (2006) … Mr. Harrison
The King’s Journey (2006)
Pure Baby (2006)
Zosha (2006)
Azima (2005)
Baby Girl (2005)
The End of Money (2005)
Living in Tears (2005)
No Limits (2005)
No More War (2005)
Aura…Morning Sun (2005)
The Price of Ignorance (2005)
The Price of Love: Life is Beautiful (2005)
Sacred Tradition (2005)
Tyrant (2005)
Crossing the Niger (2004)
Coronation (2004)
Dog Party (2004) … Anacho
Abuja Towns (2004)
The Human Heart (2004)
King of the Jungle (2004)
Love from Heaven (2004)
My Wish (2004)
Negative Impact (2004)
The Staff of Oddo (2004)
St. Michael (2004)
Beyond Death: In God We Trust (2003)
Arrow (2003)
The Billionaires Club (2003)
The Egg of Life (2003)
Honey (2003)
Love and Politics (2003)
Tragic Fortune (2003)
Omega (2003)
Onunai: Seeds of Slavery (2003)
The Abandoned Son (2003)
Selfish Desire (2003)
Super Love (2003)
Tears in the Sun (2003)
Tunnel of Love (2003)
When God Says Yes (2003)
Battle Line (2002)
My Love (2002)
Tears and Sorrow (2002)
Greedy Genius (2001)
Fire of the Holy Spirit (2001)
A Horrible Sin (2001)
Oduduwa (2000)
Setting (2000)
Chain Reaction (1999)
The Lost Kingdom (1999)
A Narrow Escape (1999)
Living in the Dark (1999)
Ceremony (1997)
Disintegration (1987), TV series
The Last of O’Falla
The Lion Throne
African Lion
Igodo
Evil Man
Monkey Banana
Ed Mili
50 Days with Christ
egg
No Royal Family (2020)
Lionheart (2018)
Why Mommy (2016)
net worth
Pete Edochie is currently one of the richest and most influential Nigerian actors in the film industry with an estimated net worth of $4 million.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enugu
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Capital city of Enugu state, Nigeria
This article is about the capital of Enugu State in Nigeria. For the state, see Enugu State. For all other uses, see Enugu (disambiguation).
City in Nigeria
Enugu ( ay-NOO-goo;[8] Igbo: Énugwú)[9][10] is the capital city of Enugu State in Nigeria. It is located inland in the Southeastern part of Nigeria. According to the 2006 census, the city had a population of 820,000.
The name Enugu is derived from the two Igbo words Énú úgwú, meaning "hill top", denoting the city's hilly geography. Enugu acquired township status in 1917 and was called Enugwu-Ngwo. Because of its rapid expansion towards areas owned by other indigenous communities, the city was renamed Enugu in 1928. Since the 17th century the location of present-day Enugu has been inhabited by the Ngwo and Nike ( nee-KAY) subgroups of the Igbo people.
In 1900, the colonial administration of the British Empire established the Southern Nigeria Protectorate. After the discovery of coal in 1909 by colonists, they founded what was then known as the Enugu Coal Camp. It was named after the nearby village of Enugu Ngwo, where coal was first found.
The nearby city of Port Harcourt was created in order to ship this coal abroad. It was located 243 kilometres (151 mi) south of the camp.[11]
Coal mining opportunities in Enugu attracted people from throughout the region; this marked the core of the first urban settlement of what is today known as simply Enugu. Enugu developed as one of the few cities in West Africa created entirely from European contact. By 1958 Enugu had more than 8,000 coal miners, many managing individual plots. As of 2005 there are no significant coal mining activities left in the city.
Enugu became the capital of the Eastern Region after Nigeria's independence in 1960; a succession of territorial adjustments in 1967, 1976 and 1991 resulted in Enugu becoming the capital of what is now Enugu State. On 30 May 1967 Enugu was declared the capital of the short-lived Republic of Biafra; for this Enugu is known as the "capital of Igboland." After Enugu was captured by Nigerian armed forces, the Biafran capital was moved to Umuahia.
Industries in the city include the urban market and bottling industries. Enugu is also a primary filming location for producers of the Nigerian movie industry. Enugu's main airport is the Akanu Ibiam International Airport.
The 2006 national census in Nigeria estimated the population of Enugu state at 3,267,837.[12] While males constitute 48.84% of the population, the female population constitute 51.16%[13] (1,596,042 males and 1,671,795 females). But, demographers have indicated that the actual population of Enugu state is around six million.[14]
Enugu state has three senatorial zones, namely; Enugu North, Enugu East and Enugu West.[15]
History
[edit]
Early history
[edit]
The first settlement in the Enugu area was the small Nike village of Ogui, which was present since the era of the Atlantic Slave Trade.[1] Nike in the Igbo language means "with strength or power".[2] The Nike people acquired most of their lands through slave raiding, as the area was mostly unsettled. The Nike people used slaves as part of their defence strategy. They placed Slave camps at the edge of their territories so that it was harder for an enemy to access the free-born people.[16]
The Nike were allied to the Aro people, who formed the Aro Confederacy (1690–1901).[17] This Igbo organisation controlled slave trading in the Enugu area.[18]
Numerous Aro people came to trade from Arochukwu in the south; the Hausa people came to trade from the north. The Hausa traders provided horses to the Nike, who used them for Igbo rituals. Both the Aro and Hausa regularly migrated back and forth to what is now the city of Enugu, and were considered foreigners to the area.[19]
Industrialisation
[edit]
See also: Colonial Nigeria
A British campaign to invade Arochukwu and open up the hinterland for British military and political rule was carried out in 1901. A war between the British and Aro officially started on 1 December 1901; it lasted until 24 March 1902 when the Aro were defeated.[20]
The Aro Confederacy ended, and the British added the rest of Aro-dominated areas to The Colony and Protectorate of Southern Nigeria, declared in 1900.[21][22]
Europeans first arrived in the Enugu area in 1903 when the British/Australian geologist Albert Ernest Kitson led an exploration of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate to search for especially valued mineral resources under the supervision of the Imperial Institute, London. By 1909 they found coal under the village of Enugwu Ngwo[2] in the Udi area.[23] By 1913 the coal was confirmed to be in quantities that would be viable commercially.[19]
By 1914 the colonial government had merged the Northern and Southern Nigeria Protectorate to form the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria.[24]
In 1915 the British began talks with the indigenous people of the land that would become Enugu about its acquisition in order to lay the Eastern Line railway and to build a colliery. The first houses built in the area were in a temporary settlement consisting of Igbo traditional mud housing inhabited by a W. J. Leck and some other Europeans on Hill-top. This was the only plain on the escarpment rolling before the jungled Milliken Hill. Historic former residences of the colonialists, known as the "Europeans quarters", still survive on the Hill-top. It is now an outskirt of Enugwu-Ngwo town.
As a result of industrialization, settlements sprang up in the area now known as Enugu. The settlement known as Ugwu Alfred (Igbo: Alfred's Hill) or "Alfred's Camp", was developed on a hillside and inhabited by Alfred Inoma (a leader of indigenous Coal labourers from Onitsha) and his labourers.[19][25] Another settlement known as Ugwu Aaron (Igbo: Aaron's Hill) or "Aaron's Camp", was also developed on a hillside and inhabited by Aaron Nwaelo (a leader of indigenous Railway labourers from Ezeagu) and his labourers.[26][27]
After the British acquired land here, Frederick Lugard, the Governor-General of Nigeria at the time, named the colliery built at the bottom of the Udi Hills as Enugu Coal Camp to distinguish it from Enugwu Ngwo[2] which overlooks the city from atop a scarp to the west of Enugu.[28]
The first coal mine in the Enugu area was the Udi mine; it opened in 1915, and closed two years later when it was replaced with the Iva Valley mine.[29][30] Enugu became a major coal mining area, the only significant one in West Africa.[19] The Eastern Line railway connecting Enugu with Port Harcourt was completed in 1916 in order to facilitate the export of coal through its seaport[11][29] and the city was developed sole for this purpose.[31]
Enugu became one of the few cities in West Africa created explicitly from contact with Europeans.[1] By 1916 the colonial government designated parts of Enugu as reserved for Europeans. The area now known as the Government Reserved Area (GRA) was called the European Quarters, located north of the Ogbete River. To the south of the river was a section developed for African residents. The built-up area of Enugu comprised these two areas, and by 1917 the city officially gained township status. On the African side of the city, a rapid influx of migrant workers led to the development of squatter camps on the Udi Hills near the coal mines and the Iva Valley.[25]
In 1929, Enugu became the administrative headquarters for the Southern Province under the post-World War II constitutions. With this, the number of government departments represented in the town increased tremendously.[32][33] In 1938 Enugu became the administrative capital of the Eastern Region. The number of employed coal miners in Enugu grew from 6,000 (of mostly Udi men) in 1948 to 8,000 in 1958. Enugu's population rose sharply with its industrialisation; the population of the city reached 62,000 in 1952.[30] Under colonial British rule, working conditions in Nigeria were harsh, characterized by regular physical punishment, forced acts of humiliation, and irregular payments of arrears owed to workers.[34]: 99 In late 1949, local miners believed that large sums of arrears were owed to them, but were being withheld by the mines' management.[35] These beliefs were fueled by local "Zikist", or nationalist, press.[35] "Zikism" was a post World War II movement that was created out of admiration for Nnamdi Azikiwe who was a prominent nationalist of the National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC). Labour tensions in Enugu came to a head on 18 November 1949, when British police massacred striking miners, killing 21 and wounding 51 others.[34]: 86 [35] The massacre that came to be known as "The Iva Valley Shooting"[36] fueled Zikist sentiments among most Nigerians, and especially amongst Eastern Nigerians.[2][30][34]: 88–89 [35] Multiple Zikist groups used the shooting to fuel their calls for independence, and to push the British imperial administration out of Nigeria.[34]: 88–89 [35] A detailed account of the incident was also published in the memoirs of the British Resident of Enugu at the time, James Stewart Smith.[37]
Independence, war, and after
[edit]
Further information: Decolonization of Africa and Nigerian Civil War
Enugu became a municipality in 1956 with Umaru Altine its first mayor.[30] After four years passed, Nigeria gained its independence in 1960. On 27 May 1967 the Nigerian government divided the Western, Northern and Eastern Region into 12 states and Enugu was made the capital of the new East Central State.[1] On 30 May 1967 Enugu was declared the capital of the short-lived Republic of Biafra, the latter created out of the eastern Nigerian states of East Central, Cross River and Rivers.[39][40] Biafra was declared by Ojukwu because of Eastern Nigeria after their members were attacked injured and killed in a series of ethnic attacks launched by some other ethnic groups in other parts of the country following the first military coup executed by mostly Igbo Officers, in which top northern Nigerian leaders among others were assassinated. The main rivals of the mostly Igbo Eastern Nigerians were the Hausa/Fulani people of Northern Nigeria.[41] A northern headed war on the secession (1967—1970) and continuous attacks on the Igbos in other part of Nigeria lead[2] Igbos from northern and western Nigeria to return to their "native" areas in eastern Nigeria and Enugu became a destination. Radio Biafra, alternatively the Voice of Biafra (formerly the Eastern Nigerian Broadcasting Service), was based in Enugu;[42] it was from here that the Biafran leader, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, broadcast speeches and propaganda to Biafrans and Nigeria.[43][44] Because of the war, Enugu witnessed a decrease in the number of non-Igbo, specifically non-eastern Nigerian residents.[19] On 4 October 1967 the Nigerian military bombarded Enugu with artillery just outside its boundaries before capturing it a week later, shortly after this Umuahia became the new capital of the republic.[45] Years after the Republic of Biafra reverted to Nigeria, Enugu is still regarded as the "Capital of Igboland."[2][46]
Enugu resumed in 1970 as the capital of the East Central State after the republic was dissolved. On 3 February 1976 the East Central State was made into two new states, Imo and Anambra; there were then 19 states in Nigeria;[47] Enugu was the capital of Anambra. On 27 August 1991 the military dictatorship of Ibrahim Babangida divided the old Anambra State into two new states, Enugu State and Anambra State.[48] Enugu remained as the capital of the newly created Enugu State, while Awka became the capital of the new Anambra State.[49]
Geography
[edit]
Further information: Geography of Nigeria
Topography
[edit]
Despite its name meaning hill top in the Igbo language,[1][2] Enugu lies at the foot of an escarpment and not a hill.[29] Enugu is located in the Cross River basin[50] and the Benue trough and has the best developed coal in this area.[51] Precambrian basement rock in this region is overlaid with sediments bearing coal from the Cretaceous and Tertiary age.[52] Coal seams in the Enugu coal district measure between 1 and 2 metres (3.3 and 6.6 ft) in thickness and the reserves have been estimated to be more than 300 million tones.[51] Enugu's hills at the extreme may reach an elevation of 1,000 metres (3,300 ft). Highlands surrounding Enugu for the most part are underlain by sandstone, while lowlands are underlain by shale. Much of the escarpment stretching from Enugu to Orlu has been ravaged by soil and gully erosion.[53] Other geological features in Enugu include the Nike Lake near which the Nike Lake Resort has been built.[2] The Ekulu, Asata, Ogbete, Aria, Idaw and Nyaba rivers are the six largest rivers located in the city.[54] The Ekulu River is the largest body of water in Enugu urban[55] and its reservoir contributes to part of the city's domestic water supply.[53]
Water
[edit]
Water, until recently, was a scarce resource in Enugu. Drilling of borehole in the city is usually an exercise in futility because of the geological formation which has coal large deposits of coal underground. The residents got water by buying from commercial water tanker drivers, digging water wells and harvesting and storing rain water. However, the Enugu State government under the Peter Mbah administration in November 2023 completed a major water scheme at 9th Mile Corner, increasing the daily water production from an occasional 2 liters to 70 million liters, with the Oji River water scheme expected to add another 50 liters daily, bringing the total to 120 million liters daily. Reticulation of water to the various buildings remains a challenge, though being continuously addressed by the administration, as aged asbestos pipes are being replaced with modern ductile pipes.[56]
Climate
[edit]
Enugu is located in a tropical rain forest zone with a derived savannah.[57][58] The city has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen: Aw). Enugu's climate is humid, and this humidity is at its highest between March and November.[58] For the whole of Enugu State the mean daily temperature is 27 °C (81 °F).[57] As in the rest of West Africa, the rainy season and dry season are the only weather periods that recur in Enugu. The average annual rainfall in Enugu is around 2,000 millimetres (79 in), which arrives intermittently and becomes very heavy during the rainy season.[59] Other weather conditions affecting the city include Harmattan, a dusty trade wind lasting a few weeks of December and January.[60] Like the rest of Nigeria, Enugu is hot all year round.
Cityscape and architecture
[edit]
The tallest building in Enugu's Central Business District (CBD) is the African Continental Bank (ACB) tower with six stories.[63] The tower was built in the late 50s for the African Continental Bank Limited which was founded by Nnamdi Azikiwe who became the first president of Nigeria after the country's independence from the United Kingdom in October 1960.[64] The opening of the building took place on 30 April 1959.[65] Other tall buildings include the Hotel Presidential opened in August 1963. The seven-story building contains 100 rooms and is located in the Independence Layout. Hotel Presidential cost $2.5 million to build and was commissioned by the government of what was then the Eastern Region to serve visiting businessmen, officials and tourists.[66] In the middle of Enugu is the Michael Okpara Square, dedicated to the premier of the former Eastern Region Michael Okpara. Beside the square is located the Enugu State Government House, Enugu State House of Assembly and Enugu State Judiciary Complex.[67]
Enugu's coal mines are dotted around on the outskirts of the city, a majority of which are closed. The Colliery Camp mines are located in the Iva Valley which is near the neighboring town of Ngwo and the Hilltop of Enugu.[25] The Iva Valley coal mine is accessed through the Iva Valley road linking Enugu with Ngwo.[68] Other coal mines are located in the Ogbete and Coal Camp layouts; these mines are located on the periphery of the city near the Iva Valley as well.[25]
Architectural design in Enugu's early years was in the hands of the British colonial administration; Enugu's architecture was consequently very European. English cottage housing and Victorian houses were used for housing Europeans and Nigerian colonial civil servants in the early 20th century until Europeans started trying to adapt their architecture to the tropical climate.[69] Some other examples of these European styles are visible in churches of the colonial era, such as the Holy Ghost Cathedral with its Greco-Roman stained glass windows depicting Europeans. Enugu's roads were reflective of its British rule; much of the city's narrow roads in the GRA have been preserved dating back to the incorporation of the city itself. Low rent one bedroom flats in Enugu and other Nigerian cities are known as "face-me-I-face-you" for the way a group of flats face each other and form a square where a compound entrance is led into.[71][72]
Government
[edit]
Further information: Politics of Nigeria
Enugu city covers three local government areas: Enugu East, Enugu North and Enugu South.[73] A Local Government Council exists for each of these seats that manages sectors including primary education and health; an elected Executive Chairman and a group of elected Councilors form the Local Government Council that heads each Local Government Area.[74][75] Enugu South is split between its rural and urban parts when electing an Executive Chairman. The Executive Chairmen include Paul Ogbe for Enugu South Urban, Theresa Egbo for Enugu South Rural, Emma Onoh for Enugu North, and Christopher Ugwu for Enugu East; these chairmen represent their LGA's in the Enugu State House of Assembly.[76] The Ministry of Lands, Survey and Town Planning (at the state level) and the Local Planning Authority (at the local government level) are responsible for the administration of urban lands and town planning.[74] Government House, Enugu is where the government of the state is based. On the federal level, the city of Enugu is split between two congressional areas; Enugu North/South represented by Chukwuegbo Ofor and Enugu East represented by Gilbert Nnaji; both representatives are in the People's Democratic Party (PDP) as is Ifeanyichukwu Ugwuanyi (GBURU-GBURU), the governor of Enugu State.[77]
Demographics
[edit]
See also: Demographics of Nigeria
Population growth of EnuguYearPop. 1921 3,170[54][78] 1931 12,959[78] 1953 62,764[54][78] 1963 138,457[54] 1982 349,873[54] 1983 367,567[54] 1984 385,735[54] 1987 446,535[54] 1991 407,756[79] 2002 595,000[46] 2006 722,664[80]
According to the 2006 Nigerian census, the Enugu metropolitan area has an estimated population of 722,664.[80] This estimate along with population estimates of other Nigerian cities have been disputed with accusations of population inflation and deflation in favour of the northern part of the country.[81] The population of Enugu is predominantly Christian,[82] as is the rest of southeastern Nigeria.[83] Like the rest of Nigeria most people in Enugu speak Nigerian English alongside the dominant language in the region.[84] In this case the dominant language is Igbo.[85] Nigerian English, or pidgin (a mix of English and indigenous words) is often used because of ethnic diversity and sometimes because of the diversity of dialects in the Igbo language.[86] In cultural and linguistic terms Enugu is within the Northern cluster of the Igbo region which includes other towns such as Owo, Nike, Agbani, and cities like Awka and Nsukka.[87]
The indigenous people of Enugu include Enugwu-Ngwo people who live on the aged Hill-Top plain towards the Milliken Hills on the west, with their farm lands sprawling all over the valley, the Ogui Nike who live in the areas surrounding Hotel Presidential, Obiagu, Ama-Igbo, Ihewuzi and Onu-Asata. Other groups include the Awkunanaw people, who live mainly in the Achara Layout and Uwani areas. Other Nike people live around the Abakpa, Iji-Nike, and Emene areas of the city.[88][89][90] Most of the non-indigenous people of Enugu are migrants from other parts of the Igbo cultural area. After the majority Igbo, the Yoruba people are another significant ethnic group found present in Enugu; other groups include the Hausa, Kanuri, Ijaw, and Fulani people.[91]
Crime
[edit]
Enugu's crime rate rose in 2009 as kidnapping and armed robbery rates increased in southeastern Nigeria specifically between September and December.[92] The Enugu State government sought to check the high kidnapping rates by passing a bill in February 2009 that made kidnapping by the use of a weapon a capital offence; the bill was passed by the Enugu House of Assembly unanimously.[93] 1,088 arrests were made in the city between September and December 2009; 270 of these were in September, 303 were in October, 295 in November and 220 were in December. 477 of these detainees were accused of committing capital offences which included kidnapping.[92] The motives of kidnappers in Enugu are primarily financial and some ransoms went into the millions of Naira. The Chief Press Secretary to the Governor of Enugu State, Dan Nwomeh, had his ransom set as high as ₦500 million (3.3 million US Dollars As of 26 June 2010 ),[94] dropping to ₦200 million and then ₦50 million before he was released without a ransom being paid because of the refusal of the government to negotiate with the kidnappers. Much of the crime in Enugu and the rest of Nigeria has been attributed to unemployment.[95]
Culture
[edit]
See also: Culture of Nigeria and Igbo culture
External image Enugu's Mmanwu masquerades in full costume[96]
As a Northern Igbo city, Enugu shares cultural traits with its neighbouring towns. Two important Igbo traditional festivals take place in Enugu annually; the Mmanwu festival and the New yam festival. The Mmanwu festival takes place in November and features various types of masquerades that each have a name. This festival is held at the Nnamdi Azikiwe Stadium as a parade of carnival-like masquerades that are accompanied by music and it is supported by the Enugu Council of Arts and Culture.[97][98][99] The second important Igbo festival, the New yam festival known as 'iwa ji', is held between August and October marking the harvesting and feasting of the new yam. The yam is a root vegetable that is the staple crop and a cultural symbol for the Igbo people.[97][98] Recently created festivals include the Enugu Festival of Arts which is managed by the Enugu Council of Arts and Culture. The festival highlights African culture and traditions and it is here that the Enugu Council of Arts and Culture included the Mmanwu parade as part of the events. The Enugu Festival of Arts was started in 1986; it has modernised the Mmanwu festival by transferring it from its traditional village surroundings to the urban setting of Enugu.[99] Diana, Princess of Wales was a notable spectator of Enugu's cultural shows when she visited the city in 1990.[100] visitors to the city can enjoy a wide variety of the cities native delicacies especially its Famous Okpa "Okpa Enugu", Abacha a local delicacy made from cassava "African salad" fiofio, nkwobi and host of other delicacies like Nkwobi, pepper soup.
The tourism industry in Enugu, managed by the Enugu State Tourism Board (ESTB), is small; however, the state government recognises a variety of historic and recreational sites. These sites include places like the Udi Hills, from which the majority of Enugu city can be viewed.The Nike lake Resort in the outskirt of the city, the famous Iva Valley which served as residential quarters for European workers managing the Coal Mining activities. The Polo amusement park is a funfair that is among the first generation of public parks in the city;[97][101] other parks in the city include the Murtala Muhammed Park.[102] Enugu's former coal mines, Onyeama and Okpara, are open to public visits.[97] Some other spots include: The Institute of Management and Technology (IMT) Sculptural Garden and Art Gallery, the Eastern Region Parliamentary Building, the Old Government Lodge,[97] and Enugu Golf course. Enugu Zoo is another attraction in the city. It is divided into the botanical garden and the zoological section.[103] A National Museum is located near Enugu at its north, although it receives few visitors.[2] It is managed by National Commission for Museums and Monuments (NCMM). Other galleries include the Bona Gallery.[104]
Entertainment
[edit]
Music
[edit]
Further information: Music of Nigeria
Enugu became an important centre for Highlife music in Nigeria in the 1950s. The Igbo dominated version of the genre grew out of earlier "Igbo blues" or "palm wine music" and further spread in popularity to the Southern Cameroons where Enugu had considerable influence in arts and culture in towns such as Limbe, Tiko and Douala.[105] Some prominent musicians with origins in Enugu include Sonny Okosun, an afrobeat musician who was born and raised in Enugu and joined his first band The Postmen that was based in the city in 1965;[106][107] Celestine Ukwu joined Michael Ejeagha's Enugu based Paradise Rhythm Orchestra in 1962 before creating his own band[108] and had a recreational club in the city after the Nigeria Civil War;[109] other musicians include 2Face Idibia; a Hip hop/R&B musician who partly grew up and studied music in the city.[110] Other notable musicians originating from Enugu include rapper Phyno, Slowdog, William Onyeabor, and highlife musician Flavour N'abania.
Media and literature
[edit]
See also: Media of Nigeria and Nigerian literature
English-language newspapers published and sold in Enugu include the Daily Star, Evening Star, The Renaissance and New Renaissance.[111] One of the earliest newspapers published in Enugu was the Eastern Sentinel published by Nnamdi Azikiwe's Zik Group in 1955, but failed in 1960.[30][112][113] Among the city's television and radio stations are the Nigerian Television Authority's network affiliate (NTA Enugu) headquarters located at Independence Layout, Afia Tv located at Coal City Garden Estate, Voice of the East Tv and the Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria (FRCN) network affiliate station (Radio Enugu) which broadcasts in English, Igbo, Efik, Ijaw and Tiv.[114] Enugu State Broadcasting Service Television (ESBS-TV) is a state owned television broadcasting company which offers 18 hours of continuous broadcasting on weekends.[115] Enugu, after Lagos is the preferred city for shooting films in Nigeria and a film production centre in the East.[116][117] In 2007, Enugu hosted the first-ever film festival in the state, the Enugu International Film Festival. Held at Hotel Presidential, the festival's intent was to highlight Enugu as a "film making hub" in Africa including movie premiers and prizes for different film categories.[118]
Some of Nigeria's well-known writers were born and have lived in the city of Enugu. Chinua Achebe, writer of Things Fall Apart lived in Enugu in 1958, the year the book was published.[119] He again moved to the city during the Nigerian Civil War after escaping Lagos with his family. It was at this time that he met and became friends with Nigerian poet Christopher Okigbo where they started the publishing house Citadel Press, among its titles How the Dog was Domesticated and How the Leopard Got His Claws.[120] Okigbo lived in Enugu during the early months of the Nigerian Civil War. His home in Hilltop contained many of his unpublished writings which were mostly destroyed by bombing early in the war.[121] Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, writer of Half of a Yellow Sun, a winner of the Orange Prize for Fiction in 2007,[122][123] was born in Enugu in 1977 and grew up in Nsukka.[124][125]
Sports
[edit]
The Enugu Rangers, a first-division professional league association football team, is Enugu's home team that plays in the Nigerian Premier League and are based in the Nnamdi Azikiwe Stadium. Former Rangers players include Jay-Jay Okocha and Taribo West.[126] Enugu's main sports centre is the Nnamdi Azikiwe Stadium, named after Nnamdi Azikiwe, the first president of Nigeria. The stadium remained the centre of sports for the whole of the Eastern Region until the Nigerian Civil War broke out. At the war's end the stadium was refurbished. Enugu was a host for the 2009 FIFA U-17 World Cup games (24 October – 15 November) alongside Calabar and five other Nigerian cities with matches taking place at the Nnamdi Azikiwe Stadium.[126] Its hosting of the FIFA U-17 World Cup benefited Enugu through the renovation of the Nnamdi Azikiwe Stadium, having had such things as a new artificial surface laid.[126] City's Top flight Football Team Enugu Rangers won the Nigerian Professional Football League in 2016.
Economy
[edit]
See also: Economy of Nigeria
Nicknamed the Coal City,[1] Enugu's economy in the early 20th century depended on coal mining in the Udi plateau; this industry was the pushing force towards the city's growth.[128] The Nigerian Coal Corporation has been based in Enugu since its creation in 1950 where it controlled coal mining.[129] With the creation of the Eastern Line, Enugu was connected with the sea via Port Harcourt to its south and later connected to the city of Kaduna to Enugu's north.[130] The Nigerian Civil War brought widespread devastation that forced a decline in coal production from damage or destruction of equipment. As of 2005 coal mining is no longer the major source of income and mines lay unused.[131] Other minerals mined in Enugu include iron ore, limestone, fine clay, marble, and silica sand.[132]
In Enugu most goods are sold in open markets or by street hawkers; a significant number of street hawkers in Nigeria are children. As of 2003 , around 44 under-16-year-olds (equally boys and girls) hawk on every street on every hour in Enugu.[133] There are three main urban markets in Enugu: Ogbete Market, Awkunanaw Market and New Market. New Market is a major market for the sale of garri.[134] Ogbete market is patronised by merchants from all over the surrounding area, including merchants from cities like Onitsha, Aguleri, Abakaliki and Aba. In Ogebete market non-food goods are also sold.[135] Brewing and soft-drink bottling are among other industries in the city; there is also a Mercedes assembly plant[102][136] as well as the production and manufacturing of machinery, pottery, tiles, steel, cement, asbestos, petroleum, and pharmaceuticals.[137] For a period of time Sosoliso Airlines had its head office on the grounds of Akanu Ibiam International Airport in Enugu.[138]
The former Eastern Region was once famed for producing half the world's total output of palm kernels.[139] Since the Nigerian Civil War production has markedly declined largely because the plantations and processing equipment were either damaged or destroyed.[140] The production of other important cash crops such as cocoa, groundnut and groundnut oil, rubber, cassava, cotton and cotton seed and timber tumbled after the civil war and the subsequent oil boom years.[141] Consequently, the area called Enugu State as well as the rest of Nigeria, which was once a self-sufficient net exporter in agricultural produce, must import food.[142]
Education
[edit]
Further information: Education in Nigeria
Enugu has three main tertiary institutions: the Enugu State University of Science & Technology (ESUT); the University of Nigeria, Nsukka Campus (UNN)and Enugu Campus (UNEC); and the Institute of Management and Technology (IMT). Another notable tertiary institution in Enugu State is the Federal Cooperative College, Oji River (FCCO). Godfrey Okoye University, Caritas University, Renaissance University, Coal City university, Novena University, Esut Business School. The city is also home to Our Saviour Institute of Science and Technology, a polytechnic, Marist Polytechnic [1] and Bigard Memorial Seminary. Some notable secondary schools in Enugu include the College of the Immaculate Conception (CIC) built in 1940, Holy Rosary College (HRC) built in 1943, Daughters of Divine Love (DDL)[143] Colliery Comprehensive Secondary school, Queen's Secondary School, Federal Government College, Royal Crown Academy, Nsukka and the University of Nigeria Secondary school. University Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Enugu, under the university of Nigeria, is another university located in the city.[144]
Healthcare
[edit]
See also: Health care in Nigeria
In Enugu, health care services can be obtained at several institutions including the ESUT (Enugu State University of Science and Technology) Teaching Hospital; University of Nigeria, Enugu, Teaching Hospital; Park Lane General Hospital in the GRA; PMC (Peenok Medical Center) located on Ziks Avenue in Uwani; Hansa Clinic on Awolowo Street in Uwani; Niger Foundation Hospital and Diagnostic Centre on Presidential Close in the Independence Layout; and the Ntasi Obi Ndi no n'Afufu Hospital organization located on Enuguabor Street in the Trans-Ekulu layout, among others.[145] Some of the specialist hospitals in Enugu include the Psychiatric Hospital Enugu and the National Orthopaedic Hospital Enugu (NOHE).[146]
Many of the hospitals in Enugu are privately run. The UNTH and the National Orthopaedic Hospital are among some of the government controlled hospitals in the city.[146] The medical equipment for the UNTH was upgraded in 2009 as well as parts of the hospital which were renovated in the same year. Most hospitals in the city suffer from a poor standard of medical facilities available to them;[147] many of the city's citizens travel abroad for medical care.[148] However, hospitals have been aided by foreign organisations and by Enugu's community at home and abroad who have donated medicine and other medical equipment.[149][150] The most developed government hospital in Enugu is the Park Lane Hospital.[146] The governor has said that the state has bought some ambulance service vehicles in March 2010.[151] Enugu State has established free medical care for pregnant women and for all children under 5 years of age in the state. The child healthcare programme, founded under the District Health System (DHS), was added to the states 2008 budget.[152] Enugu State has a HIV/AIDS prevalence of 6.5%, one of the highest in the country.[153]
Transport
[edit]
Further information: Transport in Nigeria
Enugu is located on the narrow-gauge Eastern Line railway linked to the city of Port Harcourt; the Enugu train station is by the side of the National Stadium; dating back to its coal-mining origins, it is located on Ogui Street. The main forms of transportation in the city are buses, taxi cabs and buses.,[102] Okada (motorcycles) once served as public transportation in the city until the state government banned them from this use in April 2009.[154] Most transport enters and leaves the city through Enugu's Ogbete Motor Park,[2] Garki Motor Park serves as a transport pick-up point as well.[102] Unregistered taxis are known as Kabu Kabu and are differentiated with registered ones through the lack of yellow paint on the unregistered vehicles.[155]
In 2009, Enugu introduced a taxi job scheme under 'Coal City Cabs' to help in the eradication of poverty in the city.[156][157] 200 registered Nissan Sunny taxis, provided by the state government; and 200 registered Suzuki taxis, provided by the Umuchinemere Pro-Credit Micro Finance Bank, were given out on loan to unemployed citizens in the city who will operate as taxi drivers and will own the vehicles after payments are completed.[158][159] 20 buses with the capacity for 82 passengers seated and standing were introduced as Coal City Shuttle buses on 13 March 2009 to run as public transport for Enugu urban.[154]
The main airport in the state is the Akanu Ibiam International Airport which can be accessed by buses and taxis.[102] Renovations began on 30 November 2009 to upgrade it to accommodate wide-bodied aircraft. These plans include extending the 2,400-metre (7,900 ft) runway by 600 metres (2,000 ft) to make it 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) long; the runway will be widened from 45 to 60 metres (148 to 197 ft). It is estimated that the project will cost ₦4.13bn[160] (27.3 million US Dollars As of 26 June 2010 ).[161]
The A3, or the Enugu-Port Harcourt highway, was opened in the 1970s and links the two cities together by passing through Aba, a major urban settlement.[162] The A3 goes further on past Enugu's north to link to the city of Jos via Makurdi.[163] Two more highways, the A232 from Benin City, Asaba and Onitsha to Enugu's east[164] and the A343 from Abakaliki to Enugu's west,[165] makes Enugu the site of a major junction.
See also
[edit]
Nigeria portal
Cinema of Nigeria
People from Enugu
Railway stations in Nigeria
Waawa people, of Enugu State
Owo
References
[edit]
Bibliography
[edit]
Udo, Reuben K. (1970). Geographical Regions of Nigeria. University of California Press.
Sklar, Richard L. (2004). Nigerian Political Parties: Power in an Emergent African Nation. Africa World Press. ISBN 978-1-59221-209-5.
Coleman, James Smoot (1958). Nigeria: background to nationalism. University of California Press.
Williams, Lizzie (2008). Nigeria: The Bradt Travel Guide. Bradt Travel Guides. ISBN 978-1-84162-239-2.
Hudgens, Jim; Trillo, Richard (2003). The rough guide to West Africa (4 ed.). Rough Guides. ISBN 978-1-84353-118-0.
Nigeria (1970). Nigeria handbook. Federal Ministry of Information.
Ezenwa-Ohaeto (1997). Chinua Achebe: A Biography. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-33342-1.
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Yul Edochie – Biography, Movies And Net Worth Of A Superstar Actor
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Yul Edochie is a Nigerian actor, film director and politician. He began his professional acting career in 2005 and has grown to become a Nollywood superstar
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https://www.entrepreneurs.ng/yul-edochie-biography/
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Yul Edochie is a Nigerian actor, film director and politician. He began his professional acting career in 2005 and has grown to become a Nollywood superstar.
He established the Yul Edochie Academy in 2015 in order to improve the professionalism in the Nollywood industry by training the next generation of actors and actresses. Also, in 2018, he was appointed as a senior special assistant to the governor of Anambra state.
See Also: Jidenna – Biography and Story of a Classic Man.
Yul Edochie Biography
Yul Chibuike Daniel Edochie was born on January 7, 1982 as the last of six children. He was born to a veteran actor, Pete Edochie and his mother Josephine, a broadcaster. He hails from Anambra State, Nigeria. Yul was named after a popular Hollywood actor, Yul Brynner who acted in movie, King and I in 1956.
In 1984, Yul started his education at Lillians’ Day Nursery School. Later on, he moved to Robinson Street Primary School, Enugu. Then, he proceeded to Marist Brothers’ Juniorate, Uturu in 1992 and three other secondary schools in Enugu until he graduated in 1998. Similarly, for his university education, he attended the University of Port Harcourt and bagged a B.A degree in Theatre Arts.
See Also: Biography and story of a talented Nigerian Actress, Adesua Etomi.
Yul Edochie Personal Life
Edochie got married in 2004 at age 22 to May Aligwe, and the union is blessed with four children: 3 boys, 1 girl. He lives with his family in Lekki, Lagos.
He gave his life to Christ shortly after escaping death in a ghastly motor accident along Ore road in June 2019.
See Also: Jide Kosoko – Biography, early career and net worth of a veteran actor.
Yul Edochie Early Career
His career in the industry began after relocating to Lagos from Enugu in 2005. When he arrived Lagos, for proximity to movie locations, he moved in with Nonso Diobi who housed and fed him. His intention was to hustle and become a big wig in the industry. And Luckily, that same year, he debuted in The Exquires together with Late Justus Esiri and Enebeli Elebuwa.
Then, in 2007, he rose to stardom after featuring in the movie Wind of Glory together with Genevieve Nnaji and Desmond Elliot. Since then, Yul has gone on to act with other prominent artistes like Patience Ozokwor, Mercy Johnson, John Dumelo, Olu Jacobs, Osita Iheme, Chinedu Ikedieze and many more.
See Also: Biography, movies and net worth of an ace Nollywood actress, Uche Jombo
Movies
As a film director, writer and actor, some of his films include;
Sleek Ladies, 2007
Wind of Glory, 2007
Keep it Up, 2008
Kiss my Pain, 2008
Tears of Hope, 2009
My Loving Heart, 2009
Unstoppable, 2010
Sarafina, 2011
Pleasure and Crime, 2011
Zone 9, 2012
Bridge of Contract, 2012
The End is Near, 2012
Against the Law, 2012
Death Certificate, 2013
Restless Soul, 2013
Agony of a Princess, 2013
Money Kingdom, 2013
Apostles of Lucifer, 2014
The Mirror, 2014
Python Queen, 2014
Dowry Man, 2015
Dooshima, 2015
Brothers of War, 2015
Compound Fools, 2015
Royal Maid, 2015
Rain of Hope, 2016
The Affectionate Wife, 2017
Passion of a Prince, 2017
The Man Keeper, 2017
Loving Your Hurts, 2017
Mysterious Family, 2017
The Billionaires, 2018
Moms at War, 2018
See Also: 100 profitable business ideas to start for aspiring entrepreneurs and investors.
Awards and Recognition
He is an award winning actor, and some of his awards are;
Best New Actor of the Year, (English), City People Entertainment Awards, 2009
Best Actor, Papyrus Magazine Screen Actors Award (PAMSAA), 2013
Best Actor of the Year (English), City People Entertainment Awards, 2013
Best Lead Male, Nollywood Movies Awards
Best Actor, Afrifimo Awards
See Also: 12 online business ideas that you can start from home and become rich.
Yul Edochie Academy
Yul Edochie Academy was founded in 2015 by Yul Edochie as a subsidiary of his Art World. The Academy is a training ground for aspiring actors/actresses. In the academy, students are trained by Yul himself and are presented with numerous opportunities.
The academy was founded as result of deterrence in quality and professionalism of the youngsters in the industry. Yul’s goal is to build an army of focused and professional actors and actresses and steer them towards greatness.
See Also: RMD – Biography of an iconic Nigerian Actor, Richard Mofe Damijo
Politics
Yul declared his intention to run as a Governor of Anambra State on July 14, 2017. This was shortly after the Not Too Young to Run Bill was passed by the Nigerian Senate. To confirm his intention, he picked up the nomination form under the Democratic People’s Congress (DPC) on August 22, 2017. Luckily, he became the party’s gubernatorial candidate but lost in the general election.
Then, on July 6, 2018, he was appointed Senior Special Adviser on creative and entertainment media by the Governor of Anambra State, Gov. Willie Obiano.
See Also: 9 business funding opportunities for women owned business in Nigeria.
Yul Edochie Net Worth
Currentschoolnews.com estimated Yul’s net worth at $1.85 million. In July 7 2019, He emerged a brand ambassador for a Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO), Citizen Journalists Network.
See Also: Femi Kuti – Biography and net worth of a legendary Afrobeat icon.
Yul Edochie Quotes
“The moment you find yourself discussing people you are already failing; you are losing valuable time. Discuss ideas, discuss ways to promote your business/your talent, discuss your future, how to better your environment.”
“…The power to change your life lies in your hands.”
“I always thought our problem was our leaders till I joined politics and realized the people are also a big part of the problem.”
“For you to achieve you MUST respect those who have achieved before you.”
“We have 24hrs in a day. No matter how busy you are, devote at least 1hr to God in prayers. I recommend you do it before you start your day’s hustle.”
“Life can end in a second. The money, the cars, the mansions, the fame, the good life, all vanity. Be close to God. God is everything.”
“If you are good at something, never do it for free.”
“One of my success tips: I mind my business.”
“Rough times only come to test you. Rough times don’t last, but tough people do.”
See Also: Joke Silva: Biography, business life and movies of an ace Nigerian actress.
Entrepreneurial Lessons From Life Of Yul Edochie
Try Out New Things
In one of Edochie’s interview, he explained how he changed from playing lover boy’s role into playing other technical roles. Obviously, he is ever willing to take up new challenge in his professional journey.
Also, for entrepreneurs, we should note that we need to always unveil new concepts to our customers as life itself is dynamic.
Hardwork And Commitment
Just like any successful entrepreneur, Yul reiterated that he didn’t reach the peak of his career by riding on the fame and popularity of his father, Pete. Rather, he maintained that he got to the peak of his career through hard work and commitment.
Entrepreneurship is a lonely journey, let us help you get through it with our services.
Photo Credit/Source: Latest Naija.com, Wikipedia, Austine Media, Pulse.ng, Kamdora, Instagram, Punch Newspapers and PM News.
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2024-05-08T14:57:43+00:00
|
May filed for a divorce from her husband, Yul Edochie, in August 2023.
|
en
|
Premium Times Nigeria
|
https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/692373-again-yul-edochie-mays-divorce-case-stalled.html
|
The divorce proceedings between actor Yul Edochie and his estranged wife May have been further delayed
PREMIUM TIMES earlier reported that the ongoing case at the FCT High Court in Abuja was unexpectedly delayed on 5 March, as the court session did not proceed, a circumstance Yul and Judy Austin attributed to their actions.
May filed for a divorce against her husband in August 2023, with details of the court proceedings having been kept hush.
May’s legal team, led by Emeka Ugwuonye of Due Process Advocates (DPA), revealed in a post on its Facebook page Tuesday that the proceedings encountered another setback.
Yul and Judy’s lawyer wrote a letter to the court stating that he was unwell and that he would not be present in court today as a result thereof.
DPA said Yul was present in court on Tuesday but without his counsel, leading to the postponement of the scheduled hearing.
The statement partly read: “Trial could not go ahead today as scheduled because two days ago, He proposed several dates in the future as an alternative and requested the court to pardon him.
“Usually, the court would give the lawyer the benefit of the doubt in such a situation. May’s lawyers would not like to question the integrity of the opponent directly, even though the excuse was a tendentious occurrence.”
New date
According to the DPA, another hearing has been scheduled for June (date undisclosed).
May’s legal team expressed concern about the delays and prolongation of the case, noting their confidence that justice will prevail in due course.
“As you know, several issues are involved: from the activities of the parties in social media to the welfare of the children, to the issues of marital properties, the safety of May, and the final status of the marriage itself.
“As we have done in the past, we urge all well-wishers and supporters to be patient. The legal process is very intricate, and the best approach has to be meticulous and painstaking,” DPA stated.
DPA also said despite the delay concerns, the team is confident in their client’s well-being
They urged the public to resist the temptation of believing information from blogs as they are unaware of the current situation and emphasised commitment to presenting an accurate picture.
“There should be no cause for worries at this point,” they added.
Background
This newspaper reported that Yul, in a court filing, claimed not to be married to Judy despite having two children together.
The Anambra-born actor stated that their relationship was solely about skit-making and maintained that there was no legally recognised union between them.
The 42-year-old actor further denied his traditional marriage to Judy, which he attributed to Gistlover blog’s promotion of false information for financial benefit.
Yul’s union with Judy has resulted in two children. In November 2021, Judy welcomed a son named Star Munachimso with Yul, and it is reported that the couple has since welcomed another son.
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Welcome to Nollywood Spotlight, where we dive into the latest news, your favorite Nigerian movies and stars.
|
en
|
https://www.nollywoodspotlight.org/favicon.ico
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https://www.nollywoodspotlight.org/search/label/Yul%2520Edochie%2520biography
|
President Tinubu's Address to the Nation: Key Highlights and New Initiatives
President Bola Ahmed Tinubu addressed the nation on Sunday, August 4, 2024, to respond to ongoing hunger protests and economic challenges. ...
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454
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dbpedia
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https://www.kemifilani.com/breaking-news/yup-edochies-biography-family-father-daughter-wife
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en
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Yul Edochie's biography: family, father, daughter, wife
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2021-10-28T09:29:37+01:00
|
Yul Edochie's biography: family, father, daughter, wife Yul Edochie, Nollywood actor and son of veteran actor, Pete Edochie recently shared what it looked
|
en
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Kemi Filani News
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https://www.kemifilani.ng/breaking-news/yup-edochies-biography-family-father-daughter-wife
|
Yul Edochie, Nollywood actor and son of veteran actor, Pete Edochie recently shared what it looked like growing up under his father.
In his narration that has left many Nigerians skills on social media, Yul Edochie described Pete Edochie as a man who allowed no-nonsense and was strict to a fault.
Yul, who is one of Pete Edochie’s sons, disclosed that his father’s mean face and belt in hand automatically presented them whenever they refused to take a malaria drug.
The actor went on to appreciate his father as he said everything he did to him and his siblings made them tough.
This article is focused on what you should know about Yul Edochie, continue reading to see more.
Profile Summary
Yul Edochie’s Biography
His full name is Yul Chibuike Daniel Edochie, and he was born on the 7th of January 1982 to veteran actor Pete Edochie and Josephine Edochie.
The talented actor was raised in Anambra and Lagos state, and the records revealed Yul Edochie is the last born of Pete Edochie’s six children.
Yul Edochie has five elder siblings; four brothers and a sister. His older brother, named Linc Edochie, is also a popular figure in the movie industry.
Education
Yul Edochie had his primary school education in Enugu state where he attended Lillians’ Day Nursery School and Robinson Street Primary School; his secondary education saw him attend three different schools.
He then proceeded to the University of Port Harcourt, where he bagged a Bachelors Degree in Dramatic Arts.
Career
Without the direct influence of Pete Edochie, Yul Edochie joined the movie industry in 2005, making his debut in the movie titled “The Exquires” alongside the Late Justus Esiri and Enebeli Elebuwa.
Yul Edochie, however, didn’t make it to the limelight until 2007 after featuring alongside Genevieve Nnaji and Desmond Elliot in the film titled “Wind Of Glory.”
Over the years Yul has gone on to act in numerous movies, he is known for this baritone voice. Some of the movies he has acted in include Kiss My Pain” (2008), “Unstoppable” (2010), “Sarafina” (2011), “Against The Law” (2012), “Python Queen” (2014), “Dowry Man”(2015), “ATM Machine”(2017) among many others.
Yul Edochie has the dream to become the President of Nigeria someday and is proudly supported by his father, Pete Edochie.
Personal life
Yul Edochie married at the young age of 22 to May Aligwe, now May Yul Edochie; according to the records, the two met during their days as undergraduates at the university in 1998 and exchanged marital vows in 2004.
Yul and May Edochie’s marriage is blessed with four children; 3 boys and a daughter. Yul’s daughter’s name is Danielle Edochie, and he is fond of showing her off on social media; the name of his sons are Karl Edochie, Kambi Edochie and Victory Zane Yul-Edochie.
Net worth
Yul Edochie is reportedly worth $1.8 million.
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Yul Edochie
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Yul Edochie. Actor: Native Girl. Yul Edochie was born on 7 January 1982 in Lagos, Nigeria. He is an actor and director, known for Native Girl (2018), Dooshima (2015) and Secret Pain (2007). He has been married to Mary Aligwe since 2004.
|
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IMDb
|
https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2814427/bio/
|
Yul Edochie was born on January 7, 1982 in Lagos, Nigeria. He is an actor and director, known for Native Girl (2018), Dooshima (2015) and Secret Pain (2007). He has been married to Mary Aligwe since 2004.
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Yul Chibuike Daniel Edochie (known as Yul Edochie) was born in Lagos, Nigeria on January 7th, 1982 to veteran acor, Pete Edochie of Oyi local govrnment area of Anambra State, and his wife, Josephine Edochie. Named after popular Russian actor Yul Brynner, he is the last of his parent's six children.
Yul Edochie Age
Yul Edochie is 39 years old.
Yul Edochie Early Life
Yul spent the better part of his early life in Lagos and Enugu. Between 1884 and 1992, he attended Robinson Street Primary School and Lillians’ Day Nursery School, both institutions located in Enugu. In 1992 to 1998, he joined and successfully pursed his secondary school education in four different schools, both located in Enugu. They include New Haven Boys Secondary School Enugu, University Secondary School Enugu, Marist Brothers’ Juniorate, and Ecumenical Community Secondary School Enugu. He graduated in 2003 with a B.A degree in Theatre Arts at the respected University of Port Harcourt (NYSC).
Yul Edochie Career
Yul has not only participated in acting but is also interested in other endeavors. He has an academy under his name in Lagos opened in 2015. The primary goal of starting this academy was to boost the declining professionalism and quality of forthcoming actress and actors in Nigeria. He aims to personally train and introduce the future Nollywood actors to the country’s film industry by himself.
The journey to the success of his career has been very long and challenging. In 2005, he joined Nollywood staring in his first film named “The Exquires” but his breakthrough came in 2007 following his performance in the film “Wind of Glory”.
In 2017, Yul ran an unsuccessful bid to become the Governor of Anambra State under the Democratic Peoples Congress. In April 2018, he declared his intention to vie for the office of the president at the 2019 general elections.
Yul Edochie Personal Life
Yul Edochie is happily married and has 2 sons and a daughter. He got married to his wife, May Aligwe Edochie in 2004 when he was 22years old. He has a matching elder brother and also a famous Nollywood movie director, actor, film maker, and producer, Linc Edochie.
Yul Edochie Awards
Yul has won numerous awards including 2009 Best New Actor Of The Year (English) at the City People Entertainment Awards, 2013 Best Actor at the Pamsaa Awards and 2013 Best Actor of the Year (English) at the City People Entertainment Awards.
Yul Edochie Net Worth
His net worth is not available.
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http://nigeriaportal.net/listing/yul-edochie
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Description
Yul Chibuike Daniel Edochie (known as Yul Edochie) was born in Lagos, Nigeria on January 7th, 1982 to veteran acor, Pete Edochie of Oyi local govrnment area of Anambra State, and his wife, Josephine Edochie. Named after popular Russian actor Yul Brynner, he is the last of his parent's six children.
Yul Edochie Age
Yul Edochie is 39 years old.
Yul Edochie Early Life
Yul spent the better part of his early life in Lagos and Enugu. Between 1884 and 1992, he attended Robinson Street Primary School and Lillians’ Day Nursery School, both institutions located in Enugu. In 1992 to 1998, he joined and successfully pursed his secondary school education in four different schools, both located in Enugu. They include New Haven Boys Secondary School Enugu, University Secondary School Enugu, Marist Brothers’ Juniorate, and Ecumenical Community Secondary School Enugu. He graduated in 2003 with a B.A degree in Theatre Arts at the respected University of Port Harcourt (NYSC).
Yul Edochie Career
Yul has not only participated in acting but is also interested in other endeavors. He has an academy under his name in Lagos opened in 2015. The primary goal of starting this academy was to boost the declining professionalism and quality of forthcoming actress and actors in Nigeria. He aims to personally train and introduce the future Nollywood actors to the country’s film industry by himself.
The journey to the success of his career has been very long and challenging. In 2005, he joined Nollywood staring in his first film named “The Exquires” but his breakthrough came in 2007 following his performance in the film “Wind of Glory”.
In 2017, Yul ran an unsuccessful bid to become the Governor of Anambra State under the Democratic Peoples Congress. In April 2018, he declared his intention to vie for the office of the president at the 2019 general elections.
Yul Edochie Personal Life
Yul Edochie is happily married and has 2 sons and a daughter. He got married to his wife, May Aligwe Edochie in 2004 when he was 22years old. He has a matching elder brother and also a famous Nollywood movie director, actor, film maker, and producer, Linc Edochie.
Yul Edochie Awards
Yul has won numerous awards including 2009 Best New Actor Of The Year (English) at the City People Entertainment Awards, 2013 Best Actor at the Pamsaa Awards and 2013 Best Actor of the Year (English) at the City People Entertainment Awards.
Yul Edochie Net Worth
His net worth is not available.
|
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https://www.instagram.com/yuledochie/p/C7Tul5Io8Yw/
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Instagram
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https://pointinformer.com/yul-edochie-biography-career-and-wealth/
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en
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Yul Edochie: Biography, Career and Wealth
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2024-02-05T21:58:08+00:00
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Yul Edochie is a name that resonates with the vibrant Nigerian entertainment industry. Born on January 7, 1982, in Lagos, Nigeria, Yul has carved a niche for himself in the world of acting, politics, and beyond. This article takes a deep dive into the biography, career, awards, family, controversies, and the meteorological shifts of Yul
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en
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Pointinformer -
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https://pointinformer.com/yul-edochie-biography-career-and-wealth/
|
Yul Edochie is a name that resonates with the vibrant Nigerian entertainment industry. Born on January 7, 1982, in Lagos, Nigeria, Yul has carved a niche for himself in the world of acting, politics, and beyond. This article takes a deep dive into the biography, career, awards, family, controversies, and the meteorological shifts of Yul Edochie’s life.
Biography:
Yul Chibuike Daniel Edochie hails from the prominent Edochie family in Anambra State, Nigeria. His father, Pete Edochie, is a legendary actor in the Nigerian film industry, Nollywood. Growing up in the midst of such cinematic excellence undoubtedly played a pivotal role in shaping Yul’s interest in acting.
Yul Edochie pursued his primary and secondary education in Nigeria before venturing into the University of Port Harcourt to study Dramatic Arts. His academic background laid the foundation for his understanding of the nuances of acting, and it was during this period that he began to nurture his passion for the performing arts.
Career:
Yul Edochie’s foray into the world of acting was not a mere coincidence but rather a well-thought-out decision. In 2005, he made his debut in the Nollywood blockbuster “The Exquires,” where he delivered a commendable performance that caught the attention of both critics and fans. His ability to bring characters to life on screen quickly established him as a rising star in the Nigerian film industry.
Over the years, Yul has featured in numerous Nollywood productions, showcasing his versatility in various roles. From romantic lead roles to intense action sequences, he has demonstrated an impressive range as an actor. Some of his notable works include “Wind of Glory,” “Pleasure and Crime,” and “My Loving Heart.”
Apart from his achievements in Nollywood, Yul Edochie has also ventured into directing. His directorial debut, “The Painful World,” received positive reviews for its poignant storytelling and compelling cinematography. This move further solidified his status not just as an actor but as a multifaceted talent in the entertainment industry.
Awards:
Yul Edochie’s contributions to the Nigerian film industry have not gone unnoticed, as he has received several accolades for his outstanding performances. In 2013, he clinched the City People Entertainment Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role, a testament to his prowess in the craft. These awards are not only a recognition of his talent but also a motivation for him to continue pushing boundaries in the world of cinema.
Weather:
Beyond his acting career, Yul Edochie has shown a keen interest in societal issues and politics. In 2017, he made a surprising announcement when he declared his intention to run for the position of Governor in his home state, Anambra. Although he did not emerge victorious, his bold move stirred conversations about the role of entertainers in Nigerian politics.
Family:
Yul Edochie comes from a close-knit family that has been an integral part of his journey. His father, Pete Edochie, is not just a veteran actor but also a mentor and source of inspiration. Yul is married to May Yul-Edochie, and the couple is blessed with a beautiful family. The actor often shares glimpses of his family life on social media, highlighting the importance of a strong support system in the entertainment industry.
Controversies:
Like any public figure, Yul Edochie has not been immune to controversies. In 2019, he sparked a heated debate when he asserted that the issue of tribalism is more prevalent in the southeastern part of Nigeria than in any other region. His statements, though intended to encourage unity, led to a series of discussions about the complexities of ethnic relations within the country.
Furthermore, Yul’s decision to delve into politics also raised eyebrows, with skeptics questioning the ability of entertainers to effectively govern. While his political aspirations did not materialize into a victory, they did open up a broader conversation about the role of celebrities in governance and the potential for positive change.
Conclusion:
Yul Edochie’s journey from a budding actor to a prominent figure in Nigerian entertainment is a testament to his dedication and passion for the craft. His ability to navigate the complexities of the industry, coupled with his ventures into directing and politics, showcases a multifaceted personality. As Yul continues to evolve in his career and personal life, one can only anticipate more remarkable contributions from this Nigerian icon. Whether facing controversies head-on or basking in the warmth of family life, Yul Edochie remains a dynamic force in the cultural landscape of Nigeria.
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https://www.scribd.com/document/695702476/Document-15
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Document (15)
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Document( 15) - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. This biography summarizes details about the Nigerian actor Yul Edochie. It states that he was born in 1982 in Lagos and debuted in 2005 in the film "The Exquires". Some of his most notable films include "Wind of Glory", "The Billionaires", and "Royal Choice". It provides information about his family including his parents Pete and Josephine Edochie. It also notes that he has multiple wives and children. The biography concludes by stating that Yul Edochie has a net worth of approximately $3.1 million as of 2023 from his acting career and business ventures.
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https://s-f.scribdassets.com/scribd.ico?f0445a4f2?v=5
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Scribd
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https://www.scribd.com/document/695702476/Document-15
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Stella Dimoko Korkus.com: Actor Yul Edochie Details What Being A Born Again Is About....
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A BLOG ABOUT NIGERIAN ENTERTAINMENT.
NOLLYWOOD GISTS AND BREAKING STORIES.GOSSIP. NIGERIA
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#EndBadGovernance: ‘Igbos aren’t protesting; they’re Tinubu supporters’ – Actor Lege Miami
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[
"Friday Omosola"
] |
2024-08-03T13:41:04+00:00
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‘‘Igbos are doing well in Lagos State. One hundred per cent of Igbos in other states didn't protest, and their states are eighty per cent peaceful. Even in Lagos, the responsible ones didn't say anything—they supported President Bola Tinubu’’.
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en
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Premium Times Nigeria
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https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/720619-endbadgovernance-igbos-arent-protesting-theyre-tinubu-supporters-actor-lege-miami.html
|
Yoruba actor and matchmaker Adams Kehinde, aka Lege Miami, has commended the people of the Southeast (Igbos) for boycotting the ongoing nationwide protests.
PREMIUM TIMES reported that Nigeria’s Southeast residents shunned the nationwide protest against economic hardship and insecurity, which began on Thursday and will continue until 10 August.
On Thursday, this newspaper reported that the protest failed to be held across Enugu, Anambra, Imo, Abia, Ebonyi State, and Imo—as the capital was on lockdown. On Thursday, the Ohanaze Ndigbo, an Igbo socio-cultural organisation, also commended the South-East region for boycotting the nationwide protest.
Lege Miami, an avid supporter of President Bola Tinubu, interpreted the protest boycotts in the region as allegiance to the country’s leadership and alleged in a viral video on Saturday that the Yorubas (South Westerners) were behind the protests.
The actor said: “I want to tell the Federal Government of Nigeria something that I want them to notice. Firstly, if we’re talking about the Igbos, they’re doing well in Lagos State. I know some Yoruba people are unfortunate; one hundred per cent of Igbos in other states didn’t protest, and their states are eighty per cent peaceful. Even in Lagos, the responsible ones didn’t say anything—they supported President Bola Tinubu. However, ten per cent of them who have mixed with the Yoruba are the ones causing trouble in the country.
“But God will punish and destroy their lives. Look at me very well; I was stubborn and strong, and my Lege Miami was used to cover the destructive part of me. I can destroy; if you are truly born of your parents as a Yoruba person who is unfortunate, come and face me. You’ll die. It will be on your back when Nigeria gets better.”
He alleged that Yoruba people are to blame for the failures of other Yoruba individuals.
We believe in Tinubu
In a video shared on his Instagram page Friday, Lege Miami said residents of Shomolu in Lagos, where he resides, would not join the ongoing protest.
The actor, known for his matchmaking platform, said Shomolu residents wouldn’t join the protest because they believe that Mr Tinubu’s government would fix the bad economy Nigeria is currently facing.
He said, “There is no protest in Shomolu. This is the Shomolu area, where we were born and raised. As we are like this, we cannot be against the government.
“This is because we want to be patient so the government can do what it is doing. We believe in the government of Bola Tinubu; we know he will deliver. Everywhere in Shomolu is peaceful.”
Before protest
Before the protest, Lege Miami and other celebrities such as Yul Edochie, Tonto Dikeh, and comedian Seyi Law preached against it and encouraged Nigerians to embrace dialogue.
Actress-cum-politician Dikeh cautioned Nigerians against the protest, citing the EndSARS protest as an example.
On her Facebook page, Dikeh, an APC member, acknowledged the daily increase in commodities but maintained that dialogue could solve the issue.
The 39-year-old urged Nigerians to form a representative group to advocate on their behalf rather than engaging in nationwide protests.
“I know how disheartening it is to wake up and see that the price of almost everything in the market has increased by over one hundred per cent, even without any rise in our earnings. Many people working 9-5 jobs are now seeking alternative sources of income because a significant portion of what we earn is consumed by commuting and transportation costs due to the drastic increase in petrol prices, contributing to the high cost of living.
“This suggestion is not meant to negate the effectiveness of protests or deprive youths of their civil rights. It is based on concern and experience with the last EndSARS protest, which was hijacked by ill-minded individuals to perpetrate evil at the expense of many youths’ lives, ultimately ruining the message and approach”, she said.
Similarly, Edochie, on his Instagram page, acknowledged the hardship but argued that taking to the streets to protest wasn’t the solution.
The 42-year-old stated, “I acknowledge the hardship in the country, the situation of things. It’s affecting everybody; I believe all will be well. Protest is not the answer—people take advantage of protests to break into other people’s shops, steal, destroy, hurt, and kill innocent Nigerians who are already going through a lot. In the end, the aim of the protest will be defeated. Remember what happened during EndSARS; protest is not the answer.
“Let’s keep speaking out and doing all we can to help. President Tinubu listens and does all he can to make things right. Fellow Nigerians, let’s be patient.”
More so, Seyi Law said on his X page that he advocated for proper communication of government policies rather than protest because he wants the government to succeed.
“For months here, I cried and spoke about proper communication of government policies. People insulted me and accused me of being paid. I spent my money and went to Abuja several times to talk with our people because I want this government to succeed. You can do well, but bad communication will not do you well. We are here now. What do we do? Where do we go from here?”
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https://thecircular.org/child-naming-in-the-igbo-culture/
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Child-naming In The Igbo Culture
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[] |
[] |
[
""
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[
"Otika Vivian Ogechi"
] |
2020-04-05T20:49:45+00:00
|
The Igbos are an ethnic group found in the south-eastern part of Nigeria. Their population makes up about 18% of the whole country. The primary Igbo states in Nigeria are Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enu…
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en
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The Circular
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https://thecircular.org/child-naming-in-the-igbo-culture/
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The Igbos are an ethnic group found in the south-eastern part of Nigeria. Their population makes up about 18% of the whole country. The primary Igbo states in Nigeria are Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enugu and Imo.
There are also claims that the Igbo territories extend into neighbouring states like Delta, Cross-River, Akwa Ibom and River State. This is often backed by the presence of a significant population in these other states that speak the Igbo language and share similarities of culture and tradition.
The language spoken by the Igbos is also called ‘Igbo’ and is comprised of many dialects. There are approximately 24 million people around the globe today who speak Igbo but the majority of them live in Nigeria and are of Nigerian descent. Igbo is a minority language in other countries such as Equatorial Guinea.
Some of the prominent cities in Nigeria where the Igbo language is spoken and the Igbos live include: Aba, Owerri, Umuahia, Onitsha, Abakaliki, Orlu, Okigwe, Asaba, Abgor, Mgbidi, Afikpo, Nsukka and Abriba; but it is not uncommon to find Igbos in any part of Nigeria, and also many other parts of the world, because as a people they are well-travelled and dispersed.
The main religion practiced by the Igbos before colonisation was Odinani, a belief system where there is one god called ‘Chukwu’ who can be approached through other numerous spirits and deities. These deities are usually in the form of natural objects, especially trees, plants, etc.
The Igbos also believe that the ancestors protect their living descendants, that is why there is ‘Obi’ in every Igbo Kindred. The obi is believed to be a resting place for the ancestors. Meetings, family issues and disputes are settled in the Obi. However, today, other belief systems such as: Judaism, Islam and Christianity are now practiced by the Igbos, with Christianity being the most predominant.
The Igbo culture is quite a rich one. This can be seen in the numerous rituals, rites, traditions and ceremonies the Igbo people perform to mark every milestone in their lives. One of this is Igu nwa aha – Child Naming.
Child Naming comes up soon after a child is born. This takes place within 7 to 12 days (two to three weeks in the Igbo culture) of the birth. In Igbo culture, four market days Eke, Orie, Afor and Nkwor make up a week. The Child Naming ceremony is also a formal presentation of the child to the extended family members.
The ceremony usually begins with ancestral recognition, the naming of the child and the planting of a live plant which connotes survival, blossom and long life. Then comes the customary breaking of the kola; prayers for the new born, her parents, everyone who came to the ceremony, and finally, thanking the ancestors for being present and imploring them to protect the child.
One important thing about naming a child in the Igbo culture is the reason behind the name. We interviewed some people of Igbo origin to know if their names have any meaning or stories behind them. We found out that the Igbos name their child after a thorough observation of circumstances surrounding the birth of the child. This could be birthmark, resemblance to a certain person, promises of reincarnation from a certain person, a dream, a present or past condition of the family, etc.
The Igbos are a tribe that strongly believe in Ilo uwa – reincarnation. They believe that the non-physical essence of a living being can start in a different physical form of body after biological death. This is reflected in the name they give to the child whom they believe is their dead loved one come back to them.
Nnennaya, a student at the Imo State University, said her name simply means ‘Mother’s Father.’ She said her father gave her the name because she is believed to be a reincarnation of his biological mother.
The name given to a child can also reflect the parents’ joy after haven taken so long trying to conceive a child.
Chidalu, a nurse with the Federal Medical Centre in Owerri, said her parent had their first child after 13 years. They named her Chidaalu which simply means – God be praised. It shows how grateful they are to God.
Positions in the family also determine the names parents give their children.
According to Ada, a sales representative at Better Family Trading Stores Ltd, her parents simply gave her the name because of her position in the family. She is the first daughter. Ada in Igbo language simply means ‘‘first daughter or daughter,’’ she said.
On the other hand, some names Igbo parents give to their children can reflect their fear or uncertainty of what could become of them or their child.
Oganno, a grandfather of 4, told us his parents witnessed multiple child deaths before they gave birth to him. In his words he said, ‘‘my parents had 13 children before me and all of them died. ‘They thought I was also going to die too. ‘’The name Oganno is a question – Will he stay? His parents are afraid, they are asking if the child will live or leave like the others.
Domestic violence remains a global issue, some names in the Igbo culture are reflections of what some parents, especially mothers, pass through in their matrimonial homes.
Nneoma is a businesswoman in her 40s. She said her mother passed through hell in her matrimonial home, she tried to run away several times but the women around her always encouraged her to stay because of her children. When she gave birth to their last sister, their mother named her Nwadomere. The name literally means Kept by the Child. Their mother simply summed up her reason for remaining in an abusive marriage in the name she gave to her last child.
Igbos give their children names based on the situation surrounding the child’s birth. The names aren’t just for identity, they often tell the story behind the scenes. It could be festival, feast, culture, position in the family, belief or something else related to the child. They are sources of inspiration, an embodiment of the Igbo culture, helping to keep it alive.
[polldaddy poll=10531027]
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https://nigerianwaves.com/biography-of-pete-edochie-and-net-worth/
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en
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Full Biography of Pete Edochie & Net Worth
|
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Pete Edochie contribution to Nollywood is exceptional, worthy of commending, he is an actor that started at the early age of 20, he has been in the industry
|
en
|
Nigerian Waves
|
https://nigerianwaves.com/biography-of-pete-edochie-and-net-worth/
|
Pete Edochie contribution to Nollywood is exceptional, worthy of commending, he is an actor that started at the early age of 20, he has been in the industry for decades.
He actually came into the limelight in the early 80s, in 1980 precisely when he starred in a movie titled “Okonkwo” which was a script from the popular Chinua Achebe’s “Things Fall Apart”.
This great icon since he started his career has featured in hundreds of movies, he acted in Nollywood English movies and Nollywood Igbo movies, also, he has featured in some international movies.
Pete Edochie is rated as one of Africas greatest actors and no doubt this feat is well deserved, also honored by the Nigerian Ex-president “Olusegun Obasanjo” in 2003 as a Member of the Order of Niger.
Pete Edochie Profile
Early Life
Born on the 7th of March, 1947 in Enugu, Douth-Eastern region of Nigeria. Pete Edochie is originally a native of Anambra though he grew up in Kaduna, the Northern region of the country. This gives him the opportunity to understand and speak Hausa fluently.
Education
Pete Edochie had his elementary education at St. Patrick’s and St. James Primary School in Zaria, then had his secondary school education at St. John’s College also in Zaria. After his first school leaving certificate exam he attended the School of Journalism and Television in England where he added some certification to his C.V.
Immediately after he finished his secondary school education before deciding to move abroad to study, he worked at the Nigerian Railway Corporation.
Don’t miss out on any real-time information. Join our WhatsApp group to stay updated.
CLICK HERE TO JOIN
Career
In 1967, Pete Edochie began his career in broadcasting working as a junior program assistant and as time goes he was promoted to the post of director where he also shows his effectiveness.
After some years working in the Nigerian broadcasting company he joined the Nigerian movie industry Nollywood to start a full-time acting career, he actually left the broadcasting company mainly because it is being politicized.
Joining Nollywood has been a very brilliant move by the Nollywood veteran, he came into the limelight after playing a lead role, Okonkwo in a screen adaptation of Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart novel.
His journey as an actor in the Nigerian movie industry was successful as his acting prowl is extremely unique. He acts mainly as a father or king, though he acted in other roles perfectly.
Though Pete Edochie has been acting right from his secondary school days (St. John’s College), 1962 to be precise at a very young age of 15.
After his release of the successful movie “Things Fall Apart”, he was open to a lot of interviews to the extent that BBC came down to Nigeria to interview him since then he got international recognition and he has been at the top of his game.
Pete Edochie was known to act in English and Igbo movies but he has also appeared in Yoruba movies and other languages from various tribes in Nigeria.
In the year 2000, he appeared in a Yoruba movie titled “Oduduwa, he also starred in some other movies like Rejection Son in 2003, Lost Kingdon, Set Up, Battle Line, and so on. Most of the movies he appeared on can also be found on Netflix.
Personal Life
Pete Edochie’s biography will never be complete without telling you his personal life and most especially his love life. Pete Edochie got married to his wife Josephine Edochie when he was 22 years of age.
The marriage was blessed with 6 children of which 5 are males and 1 female, one of his children Yul Edochie is also a great actor in Nollywood.
Read Also: Josephine Edochie Biography: Everything You Need To Know About Pete Edochie’s wife?
Awards & Recognitions
Pete Edochie is an A-list actor and an award-winning Nollywood thespian, he has gotten himself plenty of recognitions, nominations and also awards, as mentioned earlier in 2003 he was inducted into the hall of fame and not long after that he was honored as a Member of the Order of Nigeria by President Olusegun Obasanjo. Below we have listed some of his awards:
Movie Personality of the Year by City People Magazine – (1999)
Best Actor in Africa by Censors’ Board – (2001)
Best Nigerian Actor by Censors’ Board – (2003)
Member of the Order of the Niger by Olusegun Obasanjo – (2003)
Best of Nollywood (BON) – (2013)
Lifetime Achievement Award by Africa Movie Academy Awards – (2013)
Industry Merit Award by Africa Magic Viewers’ Choice Awards -(2014)
Life Impact Awards by Times Heroes Awards – (2017)
Net Worth
Pete Edochie’s net worth is estimated to be about $3.8 million, his earnings are attributed to his donkey years of working hard in the Nollywood movie industry. He is one of the richest Nollywood actors and also one of the most influential in the industry.
Filmography
Pete Edochie has acted in many movies and also has produced some for himself, some of the movies he featured in are:
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Yul Edochie was born 41 years ago, today (Historically) What's your favourite Yul Edochie movie? Happy birthday Success Isaac
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Yul Edochie was born 41 years ago, today
(Historically)
What's your favourite Yul Edochie movie?
Happy birthday Success Isaac
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Full Biography of Pete Edochie & Net Worth
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Pete Edochie contribution to Nollywood is exceptional, worthy of commending, he is an actor that started at the early age of 20, he has been in the industry
|
en
|
Nigerian Waves
|
https://nigerianwaves.com/biography-of-pete-edochie-and-net-worth/
|
Pete Edochie contribution to Nollywood is exceptional, worthy of commending, he is an actor that started at the early age of 20, he has been in the industry for decades.
He actually came into the limelight in the early 80s, in 1980 precisely when he starred in a movie titled “Okonkwo” which was a script from the popular Chinua Achebe’s “Things Fall Apart”.
This great icon since he started his career has featured in hundreds of movies, he acted in Nollywood English movies and Nollywood Igbo movies, also, he has featured in some international movies.
Pete Edochie is rated as one of Africas greatest actors and no doubt this feat is well deserved, also honored by the Nigerian Ex-president “Olusegun Obasanjo” in 2003 as a Member of the Order of Niger.
Pete Edochie Profile
Early Life
Born on the 7th of March, 1947 in Enugu, Douth-Eastern region of Nigeria. Pete Edochie is originally a native of Anambra though he grew up in Kaduna, the Northern region of the country. This gives him the opportunity to understand and speak Hausa fluently.
Education
Pete Edochie had his elementary education at St. Patrick’s and St. James Primary School in Zaria, then had his secondary school education at St. John’s College also in Zaria. After his first school leaving certificate exam he attended the School of Journalism and Television in England where he added some certification to his C.V.
Immediately after he finished his secondary school education before deciding to move abroad to study, he worked at the Nigerian Railway Corporation.
Don’t miss out on any real-time information. Join our WhatsApp group to stay updated.
CLICK HERE TO JOIN
Career
In 1967, Pete Edochie began his career in broadcasting working as a junior program assistant and as time goes he was promoted to the post of director where he also shows his effectiveness.
After some years working in the Nigerian broadcasting company he joined the Nigerian movie industry Nollywood to start a full-time acting career, he actually left the broadcasting company mainly because it is being politicized.
Joining Nollywood has been a very brilliant move by the Nollywood veteran, he came into the limelight after playing a lead role, Okonkwo in a screen adaptation of Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart novel.
His journey as an actor in the Nigerian movie industry was successful as his acting prowl is extremely unique. He acts mainly as a father or king, though he acted in other roles perfectly.
Though Pete Edochie has been acting right from his secondary school days (St. John’s College), 1962 to be precise at a very young age of 15.
After his release of the successful movie “Things Fall Apart”, he was open to a lot of interviews to the extent that BBC came down to Nigeria to interview him since then he got international recognition and he has been at the top of his game.
Pete Edochie was known to act in English and Igbo movies but he has also appeared in Yoruba movies and other languages from various tribes in Nigeria.
In the year 2000, he appeared in a Yoruba movie titled “Oduduwa, he also starred in some other movies like Rejection Son in 2003, Lost Kingdon, Set Up, Battle Line, and so on. Most of the movies he appeared on can also be found on Netflix.
Personal Life
Pete Edochie’s biography will never be complete without telling you his personal life and most especially his love life. Pete Edochie got married to his wife Josephine Edochie when he was 22 years of age.
The marriage was blessed with 6 children of which 5 are males and 1 female, one of his children Yul Edochie is also a great actor in Nollywood.
Read Also: Josephine Edochie Biography: Everything You Need To Know About Pete Edochie’s wife?
Awards & Recognitions
Pete Edochie is an A-list actor and an award-winning Nollywood thespian, he has gotten himself plenty of recognitions, nominations and also awards, as mentioned earlier in 2003 he was inducted into the hall of fame and not long after that he was honored as a Member of the Order of Nigeria by President Olusegun Obasanjo. Below we have listed some of his awards:
Movie Personality of the Year by City People Magazine – (1999)
Best Actor in Africa by Censors’ Board – (2001)
Best Nigerian Actor by Censors’ Board – (2003)
Member of the Order of the Niger by Olusegun Obasanjo – (2003)
Best of Nollywood (BON) – (2013)
Lifetime Achievement Award by Africa Movie Academy Awards – (2013)
Industry Merit Award by Africa Magic Viewers’ Choice Awards -(2014)
Life Impact Awards by Times Heroes Awards – (2017)
Net Worth
Pete Edochie’s net worth is estimated to be about $3.8 million, his earnings are attributed to his donkey years of working hard in the Nollywood movie industry. He is one of the richest Nollywood actors and also one of the most influential in the industry.
Filmography
Pete Edochie has acted in many movies and also has produced some for himself, some of the movies he featured in are:
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10 celebrities from Anambra State who make their fellow people proud
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Anambra is famous for great natural resources and talented stars. Have a look at ten celebrities from Anambra State who are the pride of the southeastern state.
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/legit/img/safari-pinned-tab.svg
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Legit.ng - Nigeria news.
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https://www.legit.ng/ask-legit/top/1512369-10-celebrities-anambra-state-fellow-people-proud/
|
Anambra State, located in the southeastern region, is one of the 36 states in Nigeria. The state has produced several stars who fly the Nigerian flag high in various fields like film, sports and writing. These celebrities from Anambra state make their people proud every day.
Anambra is one of the most fertile states in the country, but not just in famous people. It is also rich in natural resources like crude oil and natural gas and is a fishing and pasturing hub.
Top celebrities from Anambra State
While most of these celebrities have moved away from Anambra, some even living abroad, they still remember their home in the state. This list of celebrities from Anambra State includes authors, actors and musicians.
1. Chinedu Okoli (Flavour N’abania)
Chinedu Okoli, known by his stage name Flavour N’abania, began his music career in Enugu, but his roots are from Anambra. A local pastor noticed he was talented at playing the drums in church and introduced him to Chris Odor, the CEO of Soundcity. In 1996, he joined the company to study music on an educational scholarship. He later performed in bars and provided backing vocals for Soundcity musicians.
Flavour has since released five albums and won several awards, such as Channel O Music Video Awards for Most Gifted Afro-Pop video and Most Gifted African West video for NwaBaby (Ashawo Remix) (2011). In 2016, Life Continental Beer appointed Chinedu as its brand ambassador. He is one of the richest musicians in Nigeria.
2. Ken Erics
Ken Erics got his first movie role in 2001 in Holy Prostitute when he was a first-year university student. However, his appearance in the movie Ugo in 2012 made him famous in the acting world, opening up more significant roles for him in the industry. Apart from acting, Erics is also a singer and a writer.
His published work, Cell 2, has been used by several schools and universities in Nigeria for academic purposes and stage productions. As a musician, he also sings and plays the keyboard and guitar and has taken part in producing several movie soundtracks. He has won several awards for his acting and, in 2018, released his first music single, Inozikwa Omee.
3. Jim Iyke
Although he was born in Ghana, Iyke hails from Ogwugwu village in Anambra state. His acting career traces back to 2001. To date, he has acted in more than 200 movies. In October 2013, Iyke was the highest-paid actor in Nollywood.
In 2007, Iyke opened Untamed Records, his music record label and released his first album, Who am I? He also has his own company, Untamed Production, through which he has produced several movies.
4. Rita Edochie
Rita is an actress from Anambra State. She began her acting career in 1990. Her career in the industry started with minor roles, but with assistance from Pete Edochie, another actor from Anambra state, Rita was able to carve her niche in acting. She has credited her success to having married into Pete Edochie's family. To date, she has acted in over 200 movies.
Before venturing into the film industry, Rita worked at Anambra Broadcasting Services, where she continued to work until 2008 when the government forced her into retirement. She sued the government for N500 million, and the case is still in court at the time of writing.
5. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie
Chimamanda Ngozi makes the list of top celebrities from Anambra and Nigeria for her exemplary contribution to the literary world. She debuted her writing career with Decisions, a collection of poems published in 1997, and For the love of Biafra, a play published in 1998.
Her books are known the world over and have won awards such as the Orange Prize, won for Purple Hibiscus and Half of a Yellow Sun, and the NBCC Award for Americanah. Adichie is also a recipient of a MacArthur Fellowship.
6. Kenneth Obinna Okolie
Before venturing into acting, Okolie worked as a model. He explained that he got into modelling accidentally. In 2006, he escorted his friend to a modelling audition when he was compelled to audition and was successful, thus beginning his modelling career. Four years later, he won the Mr Nigeria pageant and went on to finish in third place in the Mister World pageant.
He made his debut in Nollywood in 2011, another venture he again describes as coincidental since he never intended to be an actor. He has won the City People Movie Award for Best Supporting Actor of the Year.
7. John Obi Mikel
John Obi Mikel has been long-standing among top celebrities from Anambra State. He began his career as a footballer in 2004 when he was just 17 years old. At the time, Mikel played for Plateau United and later Lyn, a Norwegian club. In 2006 he moved to Chelsea, which was controversial as reports claimed he was already signed to Manchester United. He played for Chelsea for 11 years.
On 27 September 2022, Mikel announced his retirement from professional football. He leaves after winning three FA Cups, a Champions League, a Europa League and two Premier League titles.
8. Chibuzor Nelson Azubuike
Chibuzor Nelson Azubuike, better known as Phyno Fino, is a singer, songwriter, rapper and record producer. He developed his passion for music in high school, where he learned to play the drums and piano. During this time, he recorded renditions of every song he heard. His debut album, No Guts No Glory, was released in 2012.
Chibuzor started a festival dubbed Phynofest in 2015, held at Chuba Ikpeazu stadium in Onitsha and attended by 12,000 people. The festival grew in 2016 to accommodate more than 30,000 people, including famous Nigerian celebrities like Olamide, Burnaboy, P-Square, Mr Eazi, and Patoranking.
9. Chioma Okoye
Chioma is an actress from Anambra State. She is also a writer, producer, and CEO of Purple Ribbon Entertainment. Chioma made her debut in film in 2002. She, too, credits her breakthrough to Pete Edochie, her uncle, who introduced her to the industry and held her hand until she could navigate the system on her own.
Chioma has won several awards, including Best Actress (English) at the African Youth Awards, Best Actress in Nigeria at the City People Entertainment Awards and Best Actress in a Leading Role at the Africa Movie Academy Awards. She was married to film producer Chidi Chikere, but they separated in 2021 when she allegedly packed and snuck out of her matrimonial home.
10. Chidi Mokeme
Chidi is another famous actor from Anambra State. He is also a model and television host popularly known for hosting the reality TV show Gulder Ultimate Search. He began modelling as a hobby before going professional and landing a deal as a brand ambassador for Zodaphone Gulder, MTN and GLO.
He is listed as one of the richest Nollywood actors, with an alleged net worth of over 7 million dollars. He was awarded a Member of the Order of the Federal Republic in 2011. He has also won an award for Best Actor of the Year.
Anambra is one of the 36 states in Nigeria and is located in the southeastern part of the country. It is a hub of immense talent, as evidenced by a long list of celebrities from Anambra State.
READ ALSO: Who is the most famous person in the world? Top 10 celebrities
Legit.ng recently published about the most famous people in the world. The list contains people from across genres, such as sportspeople, singers and content creators. These people are famous and popular because their various niches are familiar to many people, regardless of whatever part of the world they come from.
To gain fame, one has to display enviable talent in whatever they do, and most of them have gone on to make a lot of money from their various skills. They excel in their professions and have a considerable following from multiple parts of the world.
Source: Legit.ng
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Yul Edochie Biography, Education, Career, Awards, Marriages and Net Worth
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Yul Edochie is a Nigerian actor and business man who was born in January 1982 in Lagos, into the Edochie family of Anambra State. He is the youngest of six siblings.
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en
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Punditsuite
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https://punditsuite.com/yul-edochie/
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Yul Chibuike Daniel Edochie, popularly known as Yul Edochie, was born on January 7, 1982, in Lagos, Nigeria, into the renowned Edochie family of Anambra State. He is the youngest of six siblings, named after the iconic Russian actor Yul Brynner. He is one of the sons of the popular Nollywood actor and former broadcaster, Pete Edochie.
Education
Yul’s educational journey began at Lillian’s Day Nursery School and Robinson Street Primary School in Enugu, spanning from 1984 to 1992. His secondary education took him through Marist Brothers’ Juniorate, Uturu University Secondary School, Ecumenical Community Secondary School, and New Haven Boys Secondary School, all located in Enugu. After-secondary school, Yul pursued a Bachelor of Arts degree in Dramatic Arts at the University of Port Harcourt.
Career
In 2005, Yul Edochie made his Nollywood debut in “The Exquires.” His breakthrough came in 2007 with the movie “Wind of Glory,” starring alongside Genevieve Nnaji and Desmond Elliot. Recognizing the need for grooming the next generation of actors, Yul established the Yul Edochie Academy in 2015.
Filmography
Yul’s filmography shows his diverse acting prowess, featuring in notable films like the following:
Battle of Lions (2020)
My New Wife (2020)
Prince Charming (2020)
True Royal Blood (2020)
Click Me (2020)
Big Paper Boys (2020)
Painfull Will (2020)
Run (2020)
The Single Lady Next Door (2020)
Moms at War (2018)
The Billionaire That Ran Mad (2018)
The Cruel Hand of Justice (2018)
Enemies Must Bow (2018)
Rich But No Rest of Mind (2017)
Love Do Cost A Thing (2017)
Punishment of the Gods (2017)
Not an Ordinary Battle (2017)
The God that Answereth by Fire (2017)
My Sons Jealous Friends (2017)
My Bad Criminal Sister (2017)
The True Heir to the Throne (2017)
Tears of Royal Blood (2017)
Mysterious Family (2017)
What I Fear Most (2017)
Vanity of Life (2017)
Tears of Victory (2017)
The Prince and His Betrothed (2017)
Rain of Hope (2016)
The Secret of Riches (2016)
The Chosen Wife (2016)
Wicked Hand (2016)
Cry of a Maid (2016)
Mysterious Mistress (2016)
Royal Maid (2015)
Compound Fools (2015)
Dowry Man (2015)
Spirit of Battle (2014)
The Mirror (2014)
Innocent Couple (2016)
Apostles of Lucifer (2014)
Python Queen (2014)
Eye of the Eagle (2013)
Blind Choice (2013)
Death Certificate (2013)
Money Kingdom (2013)
Restless Soul (2013)
Bridge of Contract (2012)
The End is Near (2012)
Against the Law (2012)
Sarafina (2011)
Pleasure and Crime (2011)
Unstoppable (2010)
Tears of Hope (2009)
My Loving Heart (2009)
Kiss My Pain (2008)
Wind of Glory (2007)
Sleek Ladies (2007)
The Exquires (2005)
TV Shows
The Palace (Soap Opera).
Royal Castle (Soap Opera).
Tinsel (TV series) (Soap Opera)
Personal Life
At 22, Yul tied the knot with his first wife, May Yul-Edochie, in 2004. Their union brought forth four beautiful children: Kambi, Dani, Karl, and Victory Zane Chukwubuike Yul-Edochie. In 2022, he embraced fatherhood again with his second wife, Judy Austin, welcoming a new member into their family.
Recognition and Awards
Over the course of his career as an actor, Yul has received several awards. He received the Best New Actor of the Year (English) Award in 2009 during the City People Entertainment Awards. Also, he won the Best Actor Award during the Pamsaa Awards in 2013. During the City People Entertainment Awards, he won the Best Actor of the Year (English) award.
READ ALSO:
Zubby Michael: Net Worth, Career, Awards and Biography
Ruth Kadiri: Age, Career, Awards, Family and Net Worth.
Marriage to May
Yul Edochie got married to May (her first wife) in 2004. Their union is blessed with four children. They have lived together since their marriage and even Yul has occasionally showered her with public praises while telling the stories of their marriage. How they met, how good she is and all that, until he suddenly announced his second wife.
Second Wife
In 2023, Yul caught everyone by surprise when he announced his marriage with Judy Austin, who is also an actress in Nollywood. They already had a child, son, together without her first wife, May, knowing about it. It was a big challenge for the family as it caused a lot of disagreement with May maintaining that she can not be numbered as a wife.
Political Journey
In 2017, Yul Edochie ventured into politics, running for Governor of Anambra State. He later declared his intention to contest for the Nigerian presidency in 2023 under the All Progressive Grand Alliance (APGA) in 2022. He, however, did not proceed with contesting for any of the said positions.
Yul Edochie’s Net Worth
The net worth of the actor, Yul Edochie is estimated to be at $3 million. His finances was primarily due to his movie roles and scriptwriting. Nowadays, he has diversified to property sales and real estate. He also, doing well in his social media content creation and YouTubing, with his second wife.
In conclusion, Yul Edochie is not just a reputable actor but has also shown interest in politics. He is a proud father and now publicly identifies as a “proud polygamist.” Coupled with his acting career success, he is also a business man.
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Yul Edochie unveils face of second son with actress, Judy Austin
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Controversial Nollywood actor and director, Yul Edochie has unveiled the face of his second son with his second wife and actress, Judy Austin. The actor
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en
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Tribune Online
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https://tribuneonlineng.com/yul-edochie-unveils-face-of-second-son-with-actress-judy-austin/
|
Controversial Nollywood actor and director, Yul Edochie has unveiled the face of his second son with his second wife and actress, Judy Austin.
The actor revealed the baby’s face in celebration of his first birthday anniversary today.
Posting pictures of the baby on his verified Instagram account on Monday, the actor, who named the baby Pete Ndubuisi Yul-Edochie, stated that he named him after his two grandfathers.
ALSO READ: Deities not evil, Nigerians should stop burning shrines – Yul Edochie
The actor also showered prayers on the baby, praying that he will grow to become greater than him in all ramifications.
Captioning the pictures, he wrote, “It’s time to grant the world the privilege to meet our son. From Isi Mmili Ji Ofor & Ijele Isi Mmili, Judy Austin. His name is Pete Ndubuisi Yul-Edochie. Named after his two grandfathers. Rejoice with us as he turns 1yr old. Happy birthday, son. You shall be 10 times greater than your parents. May God lead you always & may your ancestors stand by you solidly. ❤️❤️❤️.”
This development comes two years after the actor announced the birth of his first son, Star Dike Munachimso Yul-Edochie, with Judy Austin.
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Yul Edochie
Yul Edochie (born Yul Chibuike Daniel Edochie 7 January 1982) is a Nigerian actor, named after popular Russian actor Yul Brynner. He is from Anambra State Nigeria, the son of Nigerian actor Pete Edochie. He was raised both in Lagos and Enugu. He is the last of 6 children. He got married at the age of 22. He attended the University of Port Harcourt, where he received a Bachelor of Arts in Dramatic Arts
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About: Yul Edochie
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Yul Chibuike Daniel Edochie populary known as Yul Edochie// (born 7 January 1982) is a Nigerian actor, named after Russian actor Yul Brynner. He is from Anambra state Nigeria, the son of Nigerian actor Pete Edochie. He was raised both in Lagos and Enugu. He is the last of six children. He got married at the age of 22. He attended the University of Port Harcourt, where he received a Bachelor of Arts in Dramatic Arts.
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http://dbpedia.org/resource/Yul_Edochie
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dbo:abstract
يول تشيبويكي دانيال إدوتشي (من مواليد 7 يناير 1982) هو ممثل نيجيري، سمي على اسم الممثل الروسي الشهير يول براينر. هو من ولاية أنامبرا بنيجيريا، ونجل الممثل النيجيري بيت إدوتشي، وقد نشأ في لاغوس وإنوغو. هو الأخير من بين 6 أطفال، وتزوج في سن 22، والتحق بجامعة بورت هاركورت، حيث حصل على بكالوريوس الآداب في الفنون المسرحية. (ar)
Yul Edochie es un actor nigeriano, llamado así por el popular actor ruso Yul Brynner. (es)
Yul Chibuike Daniel Edochie populary known as Yul Edochie// (born 7 January 1982) is a Nigerian actor, named after Russian actor Yul Brynner. He is from Anambra state Nigeria, the son of Nigerian actor Pete Edochie. He was raised both in Lagos and Enugu. He is the last of six children. He got married at the age of 22. He attended the University of Port Harcourt, where he received a Bachelor of Arts in Dramatic Arts. (en)
Юл Чибуке Даниэль Эдочи (род. 7 января 1982) — нигерийский актёр, названный в честь американского актёра Юла Бриннера. Родом из штата Анамбра, сын нигерийского актёра Пита Эдочи. Провел детство в Лагосе и Энугу, был младшим из шести детей в семье. Учился в Университете Порт-Харкорта, где получил степень бакалавра искусств (ru)
rdfs:comment
يول تشيبويكي دانيال إدوتشي (من مواليد 7 يناير 1982) هو ممثل نيجيري، سمي على اسم الممثل الروسي الشهير يول براينر. هو من ولاية أنامبرا بنيجيريا، ونجل الممثل النيجيري بيت إدوتشي، وقد نشأ في لاغوس وإنوغو. هو الأخير من بين 6 أطفال، وتزوج في سن 22، والتحق بجامعة بورت هاركورت، حيث حصل على بكالوريوس الآداب في الفنون المسرحية. (ar)
Yul Edochie es un actor nigeriano, llamado así por el popular actor ruso Yul Brynner. (es)
Yul Chibuike Daniel Edochie populary known as Yul Edochie// (born 7 January 1982) is a Nigerian actor, named after Russian actor Yul Brynner. He is from Anambra state Nigeria, the son of Nigerian actor Pete Edochie. He was raised both in Lagos and Enugu. He is the last of six children. He got married at the age of 22. He attended the University of Port Harcourt, where he received a Bachelor of Arts in Dramatic Arts. (en)
Юл Чибуке Даниэль Эдочи (род. 7 января 1982) — нигерийский актёр, названный в честь американского актёра Юла Бриннера. Родом из штата Анамбра, сын нигерийского актёра Пита Эдочи. Провел детство в Лагосе и Энугу, был младшим из шести детей в семье. Учился в Университете Порт-Харкорта, где получил степень бакалавра искусств (ru)
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Yul Edochie
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Yul Chibuike Daniel Edochie popularly known as Yul Edochie is a Nigerian actor. He is from Anambra State, Nigeria, the son of a veteran Nigerian actor Pete Edochie.
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Nigerian actor (born 1982) / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dear Wikiwand AI, let's keep it short by simply answering these key questions:
Can you list the top facts and stats about Yul Edochie?
Summarize this article for a 10 year old
SHOW ALL QUESTIONS
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Yul Edochie: Biography, Career and Wealth
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Yul Edochie is a name that resonates with the vibrant Nigerian entertainment industry. Born on January 7, 1982, in Lagos, Nigeria, Yul has carved a niche for himself in the world of acting, politics, and beyond. This article takes a deep dive into the biography, career, awards, family, controversies, and the meteorological shifts of Yul
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Pointinformer -
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https://pointinformer.com/yul-edochie-biography-career-and-wealth/
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Yul Edochie is a name that resonates with the vibrant Nigerian entertainment industry. Born on January 7, 1982, in Lagos, Nigeria, Yul has carved a niche for himself in the world of acting, politics, and beyond. This article takes a deep dive into the biography, career, awards, family, controversies, and the meteorological shifts of Yul Edochie’s life.
Biography:
Yul Chibuike Daniel Edochie hails from the prominent Edochie family in Anambra State, Nigeria. His father, Pete Edochie, is a legendary actor in the Nigerian film industry, Nollywood. Growing up in the midst of such cinematic excellence undoubtedly played a pivotal role in shaping Yul’s interest in acting.
Yul Edochie pursued his primary and secondary education in Nigeria before venturing into the University of Port Harcourt to study Dramatic Arts. His academic background laid the foundation for his understanding of the nuances of acting, and it was during this period that he began to nurture his passion for the performing arts.
Career:
Yul Edochie’s foray into the world of acting was not a mere coincidence but rather a well-thought-out decision. In 2005, he made his debut in the Nollywood blockbuster “The Exquires,” where he delivered a commendable performance that caught the attention of both critics and fans. His ability to bring characters to life on screen quickly established him as a rising star in the Nigerian film industry.
Over the years, Yul has featured in numerous Nollywood productions, showcasing his versatility in various roles. From romantic lead roles to intense action sequences, he has demonstrated an impressive range as an actor. Some of his notable works include “Wind of Glory,” “Pleasure and Crime,” and “My Loving Heart.”
Apart from his achievements in Nollywood, Yul Edochie has also ventured into directing. His directorial debut, “The Painful World,” received positive reviews for its poignant storytelling and compelling cinematography. This move further solidified his status not just as an actor but as a multifaceted talent in the entertainment industry.
Awards:
Yul Edochie’s contributions to the Nigerian film industry have not gone unnoticed, as he has received several accolades for his outstanding performances. In 2013, he clinched the City People Entertainment Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role, a testament to his prowess in the craft. These awards are not only a recognition of his talent but also a motivation for him to continue pushing boundaries in the world of cinema.
Weather:
Beyond his acting career, Yul Edochie has shown a keen interest in societal issues and politics. In 2017, he made a surprising announcement when he declared his intention to run for the position of Governor in his home state, Anambra. Although he did not emerge victorious, his bold move stirred conversations about the role of entertainers in Nigerian politics.
Family:
Yul Edochie comes from a close-knit family that has been an integral part of his journey. His father, Pete Edochie, is not just a veteran actor but also a mentor and source of inspiration. Yul is married to May Yul-Edochie, and the couple is blessed with a beautiful family. The actor often shares glimpses of his family life on social media, highlighting the importance of a strong support system in the entertainment industry.
Controversies:
Like any public figure, Yul Edochie has not been immune to controversies. In 2019, he sparked a heated debate when he asserted that the issue of tribalism is more prevalent in the southeastern part of Nigeria than in any other region. His statements, though intended to encourage unity, led to a series of discussions about the complexities of ethnic relations within the country.
Furthermore, Yul’s decision to delve into politics also raised eyebrows, with skeptics questioning the ability of entertainers to effectively govern. While his political aspirations did not materialize into a victory, they did open up a broader conversation about the role of celebrities in governance and the potential for positive change.
Conclusion:
Yul Edochie’s journey from a budding actor to a prominent figure in Nigerian entertainment is a testament to his dedication and passion for the craft. His ability to navigate the complexities of the industry, coupled with his ventures into directing and politics, showcases a multifaceted personality. As Yul continues to evolve in his career and personal life, one can only anticipate more remarkable contributions from this Nigerian icon. Whether facing controversies head-on or basking in the warmth of family life, Yul Edochie remains a dynamic force in the cultural landscape of Nigeria.
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[
"blogs",
"news",
"blog",
"politics",
"gossip",
"Events",
"Entertainment",
"Lifestyle",
"Fashion",
"Beauty",
"Inspiration"
] | null |
[] | null |
Linda Ikejis Blog/ Best Online Portal for Nigerian News
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Join The Nollywood Movie industry
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Chidi Anselm Odinkalu on LinkedIn: Enugu Rangers International and the allure of soft power
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2023-02-07T13:24:05.655000+00:00
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There is a large body of literature & an even larger body of disagreement as to whether sports contributes in any measurable way to reconstruction after…
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https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/al2o9zrvru7aqj8e1x2rzsrca
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https://www.linkedin.com/posts/chidi-anselm-odinkalu-22583621a_enugu-rangers-international-and-the-allure-activity-7028715010310733824-Hvsu
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Since b4 the onset of the #EndBadGovernanceInNigeria uprising last week, the govt sought to delegitimise the #RightToProtest. At the forefront of this effort has been Nyesom Wike, Minister of the Federal Capital Territory, who is himself a senior lawyer. Wike's claim to fame is that as Governor of the #oilrich Rivers State in the #NigerDelta, he procured the violent re-writing of results in the state in #NigeriaDecides2023. Since then, he appears to believe that he has become an emperor in #Nigeria. It is time to tell Nyesom Wike that none of us escorted him into Nigeria. Impunity for #ElectionRigging does not make those who do it anything less than they are - persons who belong in jail. It is time to call out this #HubrisSyndrome. https://lnkd.in/e5MZDC94
#Nigeria, #Africa's most populous country, is in the middle of a second generational #Uprising in less than 4 yrs. In October 2020, the #EndSARS uprising focused attention on lawless policing. Today, the #EndBadGovernance uprising calls attention to #BanditPolitics & irresponsible government. The response of the politicians has been to seek to delegimise the #RightToProtest. Instead of addressing the issues, they have told citizens whose lives have been blighted while politicians live large, that this is a bad time to protest: They claim that it is premature to protest against the policies of a govt that has spent over one year of a four-year-long mandate. They claim that "hunger did not begin today." 2 days before the scheduled beginning of the protests, the government spent a lot of money to buy hungry citizens to #ProtestAgainstProtest. It looked awfully disreputable & it was. As an opposition leader, incumbent President, Bola Tinubu, sponsored protests & threatened #FireAndBrimstone while doing so. The citizens collected the money, dutifully showed up for the manufactured protests but, when interviewed, complained bitterly that they were truly very hungry. Not done, govt interests spent a lot of money to buy the rights to #BigBrotherAfrica to begin airing in the middle of the protests in the hope that young ppl wld rather watch that than protest. Unsuccessful in delegitimising the protests or dissuading the people from showing up, security agencies were let loose on unarmed protesters. Scores have been killed. Many more have been injured in 3 days of protests. In Kano, in NW #Nigeria, suspected State-sponsored provocateurs unfurled #RussianFlags to encourage a narrative of foreign sponsorship of the protests. All this is very redolent of what happened under #colonial Nigeria. Then, a regime that lacked legitimacy with the people defaulted to violence whenever the people sought dialogue, killing lots of people. Long after the end of #ColonialRule in Nigeria, a govt that claims democratic legitimacy is busy re-enacting the lethal script of colonial response to the right to protest in a manner that painfully advertises its gross #LegitimacyDeficits. One morale of this story? Illegitimacy has a steep price & it is very lethal. For a brief historical context, pls follow the link....
Around #Africa - as in the rest of the world - #WaterIsLife. The relationship with water has been pivotal in #Africa's relationship with the world. However, the relationship of Africa’s peoples to the continent’s waters has not always been harmonious. Three examples will suffice to illustrate this. One, the #Africans traded to the rest of the world in the #SlaveTrade were cargoed through waterways & oceans. Two, European contests over the control of Africa’s waters subsequently framed the #ScrambleForAfrica in the late 19th century. The General Act of Berlin, adopted on 26 Feb 1885 at the end of the #BerlinConference which partitioned the continent, acknowledged that its goal was “to assure to all nations the advantages of free navigation on the two chief rivers of Africa flowing into the #AtlanticOcean.” Three, the erasure of #AfricanHistory has, incredibly, also been indexed on water. In schools across the continent, children are taught how Europeans (like Mungo Park or David Livingstone) “discovered” different bodies of water in Africa, from West Africa’s River Niger to Southern Africa’s Victoria Falls, which Africans had been using long before their ancestors knew themselves. This is part of the history that inspired African Union in 2015 to institute 25 July as the #AfricanDayOfSeasAndOceans. The continent includes over 1.5 million km2 of Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs); 30,000 km of coastline; 32 coastal states; 7 major rivers; as well as 6 Island States & archipelagos. The implications are far reaching for evolving a bountiful #BlueEconomy for Africa are far reaching. In this article for African Arguments, my colleague from Cameroon, Agnes Ebo'o & I explore these.... https://lnkd.in/eWXA25xh
In July 2017, the UNODC & #Nigeria's Bureau of Statistics issued a report on how #Nigerians experienced bribery, which ranked public institutions in terms of their proclivity for bribery. The Nigeria Police Force topped the league with a score of 46.4%. The report also noted that “at 33 per cent the prevalence of bribery in relation to prosecutors is the second highest, closely followed by #JudgesAndMagistrates, at 31.5 per cent.” Nigeria's judicial hierarchy decided that this was not bad enough. Seven years later, the 3rd edition of the report which came out at the beginning of this month contains the significant finding that the #NigerianJudiciary has vaulted from 3rd position to 1st. According to the report: "among all types of public official for which there was sufficient data, with an average of NGN 31,000, the largest cash bribes were paid to judges and magistrates, followed by customs or immigration service officers (NGN 17,800) and members of the armed forces (NGN 16,600).” This is a fitting coda to the tenure of outgoing Chief Justice of Nigeria, Olukayode Ariwoola, who has rendered the judiciary spectacularly supine while exploring the nether-most regions of nepotism & clannishness. This is no is mean feat.... https://lnkd.in/eesBisjM
Last week, #Nigeria's outgoing Chief Justice, Olukayode Ariwoola, swore in 22 new Justices of Appeal & 12 new judges of the High Court of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT High Court). The new judges of the FCT High Court include 8 family members (mostly children or in-laws) of living senior judges, including 3 from families of senior judicial figures who were responsible for the appointments: 1. a daughter-in-law of the CJN; 2. a daughter of the President of the Court of Appeal; 3. a daughter of the Chief Judge of the Federal Capital Territory. In barely two & a half years as #CJN, Olukayode Ariwoola has created a pipeline of nepotism in the judiciary that will take generations to address. Last week, when he swore in the new judges, the place was taken over by a procession of politicians & insider influence peddlers who were there to requite political favours or acquaint themselves with the new judicial figures. This has become an important ritual in the incest between politicians & judges in #Nigeria reflecting the fact that the judges have toppled the people & installed themselves as the only ppl who have a vote to confer the mandate to rule on the politicians. In turn the politicians license the judges to topple the #RuleOfLaw in order to create & sustain a #RuleByJudges. The victim is the #PublicGood & the consequences are grave.... https://lnkd.in/eGVgaBKu
Last week, #EnuguRangersInternational, a football club founded in the ashes of the #NigerianCivilWar, returned to the top of #Nigeria's professional soccer league, #PSL. Segun Odegbami, perhaps the greatest winger ever to have worn Nigeria's colours & himself one of the greatest rivals of the original Rangers team writes here a highly readable story of the origins of #RangersInternational & a prayer for the development of sports as an industry in the country. As Chief Odegbami tells it: "In ‘fighting’ their way back to the mainstream life in Nigeria, and in shedding the toga of a defeated people after the #CivilWar, some #Igbo leaders set up the football club to fast track their re-integration and chose the name ‘Rangers’ to reflect strength, power and an indomitable fighting and winning spirit." The rest of the story - as they say - is history.... https://lnkd.in/ea-wfHap
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Yul Edochie (born Yul Chibuike Daniel Edochie 7 January 1982) is a Nigerian actor, named after popular Russian actor Yul Brynner. He is the son of Nigerian actor Pete Edochie. He was raised both in Lagos and Enugu. He is the last of 6 children. He got married at the age of 22. He attended the Univer
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/favicon.ico
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Alchetron.com
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https://alchetron.com/Yul-Edochie
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Early life
Yul attended Lillians' Day Nursery School and Robinson Street Primary School, Enugu between 1984 and 1992. His secondary education started from 1992 to 1998. In those 6 years he went to Marist Brothers' Juniorate, Uturu , University Secondary School Enugu, Ecumenical Community Secondary School Enugu and New Haven Boys Secondary School Enugu Respectively.
Personal life
He is married to May Aligwe and has 2 sons and a daughter.
Career
He Joined Nollywood in 2005 in his first film titled "The Exquires" alongside the Late Justus Esiri and Enebeli Elebuwa. He got his break in 2007 after featuring alongside Genevieve Nnaji and Desmond Elliot in the movie "Wind Of Glory".
Yul Edochie Academy
In 2015, Yul Edochie opened a film academy in Lagos. He launched the academy as a result of the decline in quality and professionalism of upcoming Nigerian actors and actresses. The academy as stated by him is supposed to train the next generation of Nollywood actors and actresses. A duty which he intends to do personally. The academy gives talented people the opportunity to be introduced to the Nigerian Film Industry.
Politics
On the 14 of July 2017, Yul Edochie declared his intention run for Governor of Anambra State.This declaration was made in anticipation of a Not Too Young To Run Bill passed by the senate of the federal government of Nigeria.The declaration was however made official on the 22nd of August 2017, when he picked up the nomination form of the political party "Democratic Peoples Congress"and was eventually the flag bearer and gubernatorial candidate of the party to run for governor of Anambra State.
Television
The Palace (Soap Opera).
Royal Castle (Soap Opera).
Tinsel (TV series) (Soap Opera)
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50 popular Nigerian baby boy names and their meanings
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2024-03-19T16:22:35+01:00
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Choosing a name for your newborn can be a way of connecting them to their roots, culture, and the expectations you might have for their life. | Pulse Nigeria
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Pulse Nigeria
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https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/nigerian-boy-names/0xqff6h
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For expectant parents, selecting the perfect name is a momentous decision, one that connects the child to his roots, culture, and community.
Popular Nigerian Boy Names
This guide offers a collection of Nigerian baby boys' names from various tribes, including their meanings, to help parents find the perfect name for their new addition.
ADVERTISEMENT
Igbo baby boy names
The Igbo people, hailing from the southeastern part of Nigeria, have a profound respect for their lineage and ancestors. Their names reflect qualities they wish upon their children, remembrance of ancestors, or significant events. Here's a list of Igbo names from A-Z
Akachukwu - The hand of God
Buchi - Is God.
Chibuzo - God is the way.
Chukwuemeka - God has done it.
Dike - Heroic or Brave
Ekele - Praise
Ikenna - Father's strength.
Kelechi - Thank God.
Nnamdi - My father is alive.
Maduabuchi - Humans are not God
Hausa baby boy names
The Hausa tribe, predominantly in the northern part of Nigeria, often choose names with Islamic roots, reflecting their deep religious beliefs and values. Here's a selection of Hausa names
ADVERTISEMENT
Abubakar - Father of the camel
Bashir - Bringer of good new
Dauda - The Hausa form of David, a biblical and Qur'anic name meaning beloved
Farouk - One who can distinguish between right and wrong
Ibrahim - The Hausa version of Abraham, meaning father of many in Hebrew lineage.
Jamal - Beauty
Nasir - Helper or protector
Suleiman - The Hausa version of Solomon, meaning man of peace.
Tanimu - Mine is faith
Yusuf - The Hausa form of Joseph, meaning God will add/increase
Yoruba baby boy names
The Yoruba people, located mostly in the southwestern part of Nigeria, have a unique naming system, often influenced by the circumstances surrounding the child's birth. Here are some Yoruba names
Adebayo - The crown meets joy
Babatunde - Father returns
Damilola - Blessed with wealth
Folarin - Walk with wealth
Ifeoluwa - God's love
Kolawole- Bringer of wealth
Oluwaseun - Thank God
Temitope - Mine is worth giving thanks for
Yemi - Short for Oluyemi, meaning God has given me satisfaction.
Adeola - Crown of wealth.
Efik/Ibibio baby boy names
ADVERTISEMENT
The Calabar people, from the coastal southeastern part of Nigeria, offer names that reflect their rich cultural diversity and connection to their environment. Here are Calabar names to consider
Asuquo - Born into wealth
Effiong - Born into royalty or Noble birth
Etefia - King of wealth.
Idorenyin - Hope in God.
Inyang - River.
Itoro - Praise or Glory
Mfoniso -Goodluck.
Nsikan- Nothing is too heavy for God.
Udeme - My share or My portion
Udofia - "Lion" in Ibibio, symbolizes courage and strength.
Edo baby boy names
Originating from the ancient Benin Kingdom, the Edo people have a rich history reflected in their names. Edo names often carry deep meanings and historical significance
Ehigie - It is God's will
Osaze - Favoured by God.
Osarodion - God is the pillar
Osaretin- God is by my side
Osemudiamen - God stands with me
Osagie - God sent
Eghosa - God's time
Iyare - Unbreakable and unstoppable.
Uwadiae - Wealth stand
Efosa - The wealth of God
ADVERTISEMENT
Selecting a name for your child is an act of love, a prayer, and a gift that he will carry throughout his life. So, choose thoughtfully.
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https://www.famousbirthdays.com/people/yul-edochie.html
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Yul Edochie - Age, Family, Bio
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Yul Edochie: his birthday, what he did before fame, his family life, fun trivia facts, popularity rankings, and more.
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Famous Birthdays
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https://www.famousbirthdays.com/people/yul-edochie.html
|
About
Nigerian actor who got his big break in 2007 by being cast in the film Wind Of Glory. He has since become a multiple-time City People Entertainment Award winner for Best New Actor and Best Actor of the Year.
Before Fame
He earned his Bachelor's degree in Dramatic Arts from the University of Port Harcourt. He appeared in his first film, The Exquires, in 2005.
Trivia
He is named after Russian actor Yul Brynner.
Family Life
He married May Aligwe, with whom he has children, in 2004. He is the youngest of six siblings.
Associated With
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Top 10 Funniest Nollywood Actors in Nigeria
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Top 10 Funniest Nollywood Actors in Nigeria
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Pete Edochie: All You Need To Know About The Respected Veteran Nollywood Actor
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2020-06-03T00:00:00
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Born on March 7, 1947, in Enugu Nigeria, Chief Pete Edochie is a Nigerian actor who began his career in the broadcasting corporation at age 20 before moving into the movie industry.
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en
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GhanaCelebrities.Com
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https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2020/06/03/pete-edochie-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-respected-veteran-nollywood-actor/
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Born on March 7, 1947, in Enugu Nigeria, Chief Pete Edochie is a Nigerian actor who began his career in the broadcasting corporation at age 20 before moving into the movie industry.
Though he hails from Anambra State, he was raised in Zaria, Kaduna. He began his primary education at St. Patrick’s and St. James Primary School, Zaria. And then proceeded to St. John’s College for secondary education. Subsequently, Edochie attended the School of Journalism and Television in England and also did a few related courses overseas.
After secondary school, before moving to England to study, Edochie worked briefly with the Nigerian Railway Corporation. Then after school, he got into broadcasting in 1967.
At the young age of 20, he got into the broadcasting corporation. He started as a junior program assistant and rose to the position of director where he acted in various directorial capacity. However, he was compelled to leave the radio station because the then military government decided to politicize the affairs of the radio station.
He joined Nollywood after his exit from broadcasting, where through his dedication and hard work, he finally came to limelight in the 1980s after playing a lead role, Okonkwo in a screen adaptation of Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart.
Since then, Pete has featured in hundreds of movies and has been awarded both locally and internationally. He is even regarded as one of Africa’s greatest actors and was honoured as Member of the Order of the Niger in 2003 by President Olusegun Obasanjo.
Widely regarded as Africa’s most respected actor and Nigeria’s best, Chief Edochie has mainly made his name as a disciplinarian, principled and strict character in most of the movies he has starred in, transcending international barriers.
Chief Edochie got married to Josephine Edochie at age 22, and the union is blessed with six children: 5 boys and 1 girl. Two of his sons; Linc and Yul Edochie are popular because they are also professional actors in the industry.
The veteran actor has received several awards including Movie Personality of the Year, City People Magazine, 1999, Best Actor in Africa, Censors’ Board, 2001, Best Actor in Nigeria, Censors’ Board, 2003, Member of the Order of the Niger, Former President Olusegun Obasanjo, 2003, Special Recognition Award, Best of Nollywood (BON), along with Lanre Hassan (Iya Awero), Former Governor Emmanuel Udaghan, 2013, Lifetime Achievement Award, Africa Movie Academy Awards, 2013, Industry Merit Award, Africa Magic Viewers’ Choice Awards, 2014, and Life Impact Awards, Times Heroes Awards, 2017.
In 2005 the Actors’ Guild of Nigeria placed Pete Edochie and several other actors, including Genevieve Nnaji, Omotola Jalade Ekeinde, Nkem Owoh, Ramsey Noah, Stella Damasus Aboderin, and Richard Mofe Damijo on a one-year ban from filming after they were said to have been collecting huge fees from producers due to their A-list celebrity status.
In 2009 Edochie was kidnapped and later released by his captors unharmed.
Source: GhanaCelebrities.Com
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https://www.linkedin.com/posts/thecityceleb_yul-edochies-wife-may-yul-edochie-biography-activity-7136031161104924675-JVh9
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en
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TheCityCeleb on LinkedIn: Yul Edochie's wife May Yul
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2023-11-30T16:40:09.832000+00:00
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Yul Edochie’s wife May Yul-Edochie Biography: Age, Children, Net Worth, Instagram, Family: Biography May Yul-Edochie (born September 16, 1983), whose real name…
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en
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https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/al2o9zrvru7aqj8e1x2rzsrca
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https://www.linkedin.com/posts/thecityceleb_yul-edochies-wife-may-yul-edochie-biography-activity-7136031161104924675-JVh9
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Faith-Driven Entreprenuer! For me, the opportunity to integrate my faith into my career was a big factor in my decision to become a faith-based entrepreneur. Faith is a core part of my identity, and I wanted to bring that into the work that I do. I feel like my faith gives me a deeper sense of purpose and meaning in my work... As a faith-based entrepreneur, I have the freedom to set my own schedule, choose my own projects, and work with people who share my values.... As a faith-based entrepreneur, I've been able to connect with other people who share my faith and values, and we've been able to support and encourage each other on our journeys. For me, one of the most meaningful parts of being a faith entrepreneur is the opportunity to use my business as a force for good. I'm passionate about making a positive difference in the world through my business, whether it's through charitable giving, sustainable practices, or fair treatment of employees. I find that this gives my work a deeper sense of meaning and purpose; all to the Glory of God (1 Corinthians 10:31). I am simply a man who's on a mission from God to democratize empowerment opportunities for youths and to expand God's Kingdom on Earth by preaching Christ. What is your driving force? ***** Image:With Ekomobong, a part of my community and a person of faith who's also driven by her faith in God. #FaithNwaobia #faithingod
I am a mother... I am a caregiver... I am an entrepreneur... I am a student... I am… a woman of many roles. 📌My experience as a mother and an entrepreneur has been both rewarding and challenging. To me, being a mother is one of the most crucial and fulfilling roles a person can have. Every day, I see myself shaping and guiding the lives of my children. I am responsible for providing love, support, and care for them, and helping them to develop into happy, healthy, and successful adults. 📌As an entrepreneur, I also have the responsibility of running a business and ensuring its long-term success. I have to be creative, innovative, a risk-taker, industrious, goal-oriented, and adaptive. There are times when these responsibilities overlap, and it can be difficult and sometimes overwhelming to balance both roles, but it is also incredibly rewarding! My family is both my motivation and strength to be a successful entrepreneur. Overall, each of these roles requires a unique set of skills and qualities, but they all share a common thread: ❤️a commitment to making a positive impact in the lives of others❤️ Whether you are a mother, caregiver, entrepreneur, or anything else, you have the opportunity to make a real difference in the world and leave a lasting legacy. What will your legacy be?
How does healing your relationship with money look like for an entrepreneur? For me it meant that I trully fell in love with my coaching again. It looked like I got obsessed with it ALL. Not just some parts! 🔥All of it became my passion. Even those long hours spend on marketing that didn't seem to bring anything in return. 🔥I stopped caring about what if others don't like me, if they unfriend me or get upset with me! 🔥I dived all in again giving it my best as if the entire world was suppoorting me in my mission! And that mission became my life. These are not just words, it's facts that as an entrepreneur I no longer feel defeated by potential clients saying NO, when occassionally there are crickets on my marketing or things get tough at times. And this is just a fragment to what healing your relationship with money can mean to your business and YOU. Because when you heal the relatioinship with money, you heal YOU. Are you ready to go for it? Join me in Heal Your Relationship with Money - 4 day free challenge, link is in the comments!
As an entrepreneur, I've often wondered where the line is between being ambitious and being greedy. Can you aim high and make lots of money without being seen as greedy? It's a tricky balance. Raising prices for better services might mean some old customers can't afford it, but does that make you greedy? Making a profit is usually seen as a sign of success, but is it always about greed? Or is it just a necessary part of running a business? When making decisions, should you think more about what's best for the business or what's affordable for the customers? It's a hard choice, especially when considering if customers can afford it if the business doesn't grow. Assuming someone can't afford our services can be limiting. Some people might actually see more value in what we offer, especially if our prices reflect our high quality. By doing something different, can we succeed and stand out from the crowd? As someone who comes up with new ideas, it can be hard to explain them in a way that non-entrepreneurs understand. Is honesty always the best policy, or should you sometimes stay quiet? It's normal for people not to understand big ideas at first. Often, they only believe in them when they see them come true. Can you believe in something and know it at the same time? If you see it clearly, do you even need to believe in it? Maybe believing means there's still some doubt. So, thinking big is important. But is thinking big greedy or just ambitious? Where is that line? If you think success is about getting more and depriving others, then you've missed the point. To gain more, you must provide more. Offer a better service. Make more people feel good. These questions show how tricky it is to balance ambition with caring for others, growing the business with keeping it affordable, and having a vision with explaining it clearly. As we navigate these challenges, the goal is to make sure our business dreams match real value, making sure our growth is both smart and fair. #howtoprice #pricing #value #givingvalue #foodforthought #ambition #greedy
Dealing with overwhelm and not knowing which step to take first and next as a Mama Entrepreneur is exhausting… It can be really hard to even know where to begin… I get it… I’ve seen this over and over again… Strong, resilient, purpose driven female entrepreneurs who are… Persistently stressed Repeatedly overwhelmed Feel disorganized and unsure of which steps will truly result in their success And, heartbroken that they haven’t yet hit a steady, sustainable stride that allows them balance & time for creativity, self-care, and their precious children. The good news is...there IS a way forward… I’ve just opened my brand new FREE Community Facebook Group called The Overwhelmed Entrepreneur: Find Freedom In Your Work where I’ll be sharing helpful tips and resources for Mama Entrepreneurs who feel like their in up to their ears and so badly want to find a sustainable and fulfilling path to success. It’s free to join. The link to access it is in the comments. #overwhelmedbusinessowner #businessstreamlining #allthehats #mamapreneur #creativeexpression #overwhelminbusiness
How I almost got punched in the face…and why I deserved it. It was an honest mistake. “When are you due?” I asked the lady. “I’m not pregnant,” she said with a sour look on her face. Then I felt a hot sensation as her husband’s angry look burned a hole in my forehead. Thankfully, they didn’t hold a grudge, once I told them I was an introvert and didn’t get out much. But it just reminded me how no matter how sure I am things are one way - I can be totally wrong. And it made me think of how business is like that. Like, I can be so sure that an idea will do well, or that a marketing plan will work, or that an investment will do well. Only to be disappointed time and again. This is why, I decided to protect against that by making sure I’m part of a community. Because no matter how flat my flatsides are. My community will help me watch my six. And they care for me enough to tell me the truth, before I make decisions that I’ll regret. So don’t make the mistake I did. Make sure you’re part of a community of people that will support and help you see the truth. And who will prevent you and your business from getting punched in the face. Will Peña. If you’re looking for a community of entrepreneurs that are excited to help each other make their first (or 2nd) million… Then Join our 100X Entrepreneur’s Club community on the link below. https://lnkd.in/erfC4kQB #EntrepreneurialAdvice #entrepreneur #8020rule #entrepreneurship #10x #million #solopreneur #solopreneurs #solopreneurship
Have you seen @issarae's viral acceptance speech? Her ode to rappers from back in the day and the entrepreneurial journey is something we can all learn from. Here are three key takeaways: 1. Watch the entire speech to understand that Issa was joking. She knows she didn't rise alone, but she did put in the work and brought others along with her. 2. When someone helps you, represent well and don't let them down. Reach back and say thank you. People don't have to do anything for you, so when they do, be grateful. You don't have to do it loud because if they are a real one, they don't want you to tell everyone. 3. Always ask "what can I do for you" before you take. Community building of the 1970s got lost through generations. Don't lose your manners as you rise to the top of your game. Let's keep growing and building strong relationships. #smallbusiness #smallbusinessowner #business #businesswoman #entrepreneur #entrepreneurship #friendship #family #relationships #community
Tell me if this is you: You know your spouse’s birthday is coming up in a month. You told yourself “I’m going to do it right this time” I’m going to get her something SHE loves and wants. I’m going to make her feel like the only thing in the world. You have some ideas playing in your mind…. You’ve got this!!! Well before you know it, it’s 24 hours before her birthday and she’s like “hunny, you know it’s my birthday tomorrow” Ohhhhhh ssshizzlleee You forgot. To order that thing. That will let her know she’s SEEN , LOVED, APPRECIATED. What if you had a gift guide personalized and curated for you with all the things your spouse loves? What if you got reminders and to do’s until it’s actually DONE ☑️? And here is the big one: What if, your spouse totally “GOT” you??? What if she understood that you love her and adore her and would do anything for her,but as a driven entrepreneur, you get easily distracted and hyper focused on those big goals that you are going after. She understands Because she is part of the Driven Spouse Forum. A space where spouses of entrepreneurs get to understand the relationship dynamic and fill themselves. A place to bridge the gap in your personal relationship. A place to grow together. If this is you, The Driven Spouse Forum is for YOU! There are only 24 founding member spots open. Once it’s full, we aren’t opening membership till Mothers Day! Find out more in the link 🔗 in comments! #entrepreneurship #spouse #driven
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Read and Discuss Latest Nigerian and Naija News On Gistmania. Topics Covered Include: Politics, Celebrity Gossip, Movies, Music and More, Enjoy!
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