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dbpedia
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3
| 68 |
https://thenewsmill.com/2018/10/seven-assamese-movies-you-cant-miss/
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en
|
Seven films from Assam you can’t miss!
|
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[
"Nabarun Guha"
] |
2018-10-05T13:55:17+05:30
|
While, as we hope that the scenario is only going to get better for Assamese films in the future, let’s look at some Assamese movies from recent years, which
|
en
|
The News Mill
|
https://thenewsmill.com/2018/10/seven-assamese-movies-you-cant-miss/
|
Since Rupkonwar Jyoti Prasad Agarwala made the first Assamese movie Joymoti, the Assamese film industry has evolved a lot.
From the time when as a thriving movie industry, Assamese film industry, also popularly called as Jollywood, churned out both commercial blockbusters and sensitive middle of the road cinema, winning accolades at the National Awards and film festivals across the globe, movie making business in Assam has come a long way. At that time, there was a dedicated audience for Assamese cinema who would devote their time and money at the theatres to watch the latest releases.
However, onslaught of Bollywood engulfed Assamese cinema since the 90s and took it almost to a point of no return. From a thriving industry, Assamese cinema got reduced in shambles trying to unsuccessfully imitate the razzmatazz of Hindi films. A time came when lack of good content almost made the audience turn away from Assamese films and lack of revenue made the hall owners reluctant to screen those films at the theatres.
Hopefully, things are changing for the better due to efforts of some young filmmakers who are not afraid to take risks. These youngsters are not bound by constraints…and despite facing heavy odds, they have been able to come up with engaging content which is marking the return of Assamese audience to movie theatres.
While, as we hope that the scenario is only going to get better for Assamese films in the future, let’s look at some Assamese movies from recent years, which no cinephile would want to miss.
Village Rockstars
Rima Das’s directorial Village Rockstars, which won the Swarna Kamal for being the Best Feature Film at the 65th National Awards and also got selected as India’s official entry to the 92st Academy Awards, has been a shot in the arm for Assamese films. Made with a shoestring budget, the movie tells the story of a young village girl Dhunu who dreams of owning an electric guitar one day and starting her own rock band with her friends. However, things are not as easy as societal norms, nature’s fury and deprivation makes it almost impossible to realize her dreams. Rima Das weaves magic on celluloid as this little film with a gigantic heart leaves you wanting for more.
III Smoking Barrels
Despite the obvious similarity in title with the Guy Ritchie classic, III Smoking Barrels directed by Sanjib Dey is one of the most original films to come out in recent times. Through the story of three individuals – a young girl trying to flee from a militant camp, a disillusioned engineering dropout who becomes a drug peddler and a poor fisherman who becomes an elephant poacher after government bans fishing in the protected areas of the forest, Dey shows us a macro picture of the region, highlighting some of its most burning issues like insurgency, drug abuse and poaching of wild animals. Some deft cinematography portraying the virgin landscape of Northeast with all its grandeur has been the high point of the film along with arresting performances from all the actors.
Calendar
Himjyoti Talukdar had started an online portal called Enajori where old Assamese songs, movies, articles and photos were archived. At that time, nobody knew that one day he will himself make a film which will be archived in the annals of Assamese cinema. Starring Arun Nath, Moloya Goswami and Gunjan Bharradwaj, Calendar is a heart-warming family drama. Post its release, the movie managed to get both accolades and footfalls. People related to the story of the movie and many narrated on social media how the film made them reconnect to their parents.
Alifa
Every day while passing through the busy streets of Guwahati, we would see a group of nameless folks huddled in a corner of the road. They are daily wage labourers who wait for someone to hire them for some manual job so that they can put food on the table for their children at night. Deep Choudhury’s directorial debut Alifa’s greatest achievement is that he puts the focus on the plight of these people. Encroachment of hills around Guwahati, man-leopard conflict, displacement of farmers due to vagaries of nature, humiliation of a particular community, Choudhury addresses many burning topics of the state. His film is however elevated by some terrific performances by Baharul Islam, Jaya Seal and Pakija Hasmi in the titular character of Alifa.
Maj Rati Keteki
Veteran filmmaker Santwana Bordoloi returned to filmmaking after a hiatus of two decades and delivered a slow burning but extremely moving cinematic experience. Adil Hussain is his usual brilliant self as the writer Priyendu Hazarika who returns to his hometown after a decade and tries to grapple with his memories of the place. Hussain won his second Special Mention/Special Jury Award in the 64th National Awards for his performance in the film. The movie is now streaming on Netflix.
Kothanodi
Bhaskar Hazarika’s Kothanodi was perhaps the first Assamese movie to give importance to promotion. Based on Lakshminath Bezbaroa’s collection of fables Buri Aair Sadhu, the movie was dark and was intense. Shot in the World Heritage Site Majuli, the film starred some of the best actors in business from Assam like Adil Hussain, Zerifa Wahid, Seema Biswas, Urmila Mahanta and Kapil Bora. Hazarika offered his own interpretation to the stories, especially to the female characters. With the ugly head of superstition popping its head up time and again, Kothanodi relevance is tremendous. The movie also got positive feedback both from the theatre hopping crowd and the festivals alike. It was selected as the Best Feature Film in Assamese in the 63rd National Awards.
Local Kung Fu
No Assamese film in recent years had entertained me as much as this directorial debut of Kenny Basumatary. Made with a shoestring budget of Rs 95,000 and shot with a Canon 550-D HD Camera, Local Kung Fu with its madcap characters, healthy dose of slapstick humour and martial arts garnered attention of audience and has become some sort of a cult film over the years. The movie was successful and inspired a sequel called Local Kung Fu 2.
|
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|
dbpedia
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3
| 48 |
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/jollywood-reels-under-lack-of-theatres/articleshow/12767954.cms
|
en
|
Jollywood reels under lack of theatres
|
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[
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"The National",
"Tarali Sharma",
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"Kamal Narayan Choudhury"
] | null |
[
"Kangkan Kalita"
] |
2012-04-21T03:58:00+05:30
|
As Indian feature films enter their 100th year of existence this week and Assamese films complete 85 years, we look back at the century of cinema that
|
en
|
The Times of India
|
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/jollywood-reels-under-lack-of-theatres/articleshow/12767954.cms
|
News
City News
guwahati News
Jollywood reels under lack of theatres
This story is from April 21, 2012
Jollywood reels under lack of theatres
As Indian feature films enter their 100th year of existence this week and Assamese films complete 85 years, we look back at the century of cinema that was, where it all began and where it stands today.
GUWAHATI: At a time when the Great Indian Celluloid Dream was being lived out in the subcontinent, it was beyond imagination for anyone in Assam to even dream of making a film due to lack of infrastructure - there were neither studios to shoot films, nor theatres to screen them. At that time, it was visionary, playwright, composer and poet Jyotiprasad Agarwala who breathed life into the Assamese celluloid dream.
As Indian feature films enter their 100th year of existence this week and Assamese films complete 85 years, we look back at the century of cinema that was, where it all began and where it stands today.
In 1935, Agarwala, despite being aware that he would have to incur financial losses, went ahead to make the first Assamese Film 'Joymati' at a cost of a whopping Rs 60,000, under the banner of Chitralekha Movietone. Thus, he set the reel rolling for Jollywood, as the Assamese cine industry is known.
Due to lack of trained technicians, Agarwala was a one-man army and switched between the roles of director, editor, set and costume designer of his maiden venture, released on March 10, 1935.
The film, sadly, failed to do well, but this did not deter Agarwala from trying his luck once again after with 'Indramalati' in 1939.
Agarwala not only gave Assam it's first and second films; he also nurtured the talent of the state's most well-known singer Bhupen Hazarika by giving him a chance to act and sing in 'Indramalati' at the young age of 13. Hazarika immortalized his voice in the song 'Biswa Bijoyee Navajowan' in the film.
In the 40s, the Assamese film industry started picking up pace. In1941, the late Rohini Kumar Baruah made a film on a relevant historical topic called 'Manomati'. This was followed by Parvati Baruah's 'Rupahi' (1946), Kamal Narayan Choudhury's 'Badan Barphukan' (1947) and Phani Sharma's 'Sjiraj'.
It was in the next decade that Assamese films came to the limelight with 'Piyali Phukan', a film on India's freedom struggle bagging a National Award.
It was also in the fifties that Assam produced noted film director Nip Barua. His films 'Mak Aaru Moram' and 'Ranga Police' won various state awards and a silver medal at the national level.
Bhupen Hazarika made his directorial debut in 1956 with 'Era Bator Sur' (Tunes of the Abandoned Road), in which legendary singer Lata Mangeskar sang a song in Assamese.
"Bhupenda would take time out from his busy schedule to be direct films. He was eager to learn new tips on filmmaking. His 'Era Bator Sur' is loved by many," says veteran actor-director Abdul Mazid, whose blockbuster film 'Chameli Memsaab' won the Best Regional Film and Best Music Direction awards at the National Awards. Hazarika had also scored the music for 'Chameli Memsaab'.
In the meantime, filmmakers like Abdul Mazid, Pravin Sharma, Saila Barua, Indukal Pattazarika, Gauri Barman, Atul Bardoloi, Sujit Singh and Nalin Duara emerged, amongst others.
Samarendra Narayan Deb's 'Aranya' (1970), Kamal Choudhury's 'Bhaity' (1972) - the first colour film of Assam, Manoranjan Sur's 'Uttaran' (1973), Deuti Barua's 'Bristi' (1974) Pulok Gogoi's 'Khoj' (1974), Padam Barua's 'Ganga Chilanir Pakhi' (1976), Dr Bhabendranath Saikia's 'Sandhya Rag' (1977) and Atul Bordoloi's 'Kollol' (1978) are some of popular films of the 70s.
In the decade of the 80s internationally-acclaimed film director Jahnu Barua came into the limelight. He directed popular films like 'Aparoopa', 'Halodhia Choraye Baodhan Khai', 'Bonani', 'Firingoti', 'Papori' and 'Xagoroloi Bohu Door'.
Bhabendra Nath Saikia, meanwhile, won the National Award for the best screenplay in the film 'Agnisnan' (1985). Saikia's 'Sandhyarag' (1977) was the first movie to be screened in Indian panorama.
Actor Indra Bania brought laurels to the country in 1988 by being chosen as best actor ('Halodhia Choraye Baodhan Khai') in Locarno International Film Festival that year. Gautam Bora, meanwhile, received the Indira Gandhi Award for the best directorial debut ('Woshbipo') in 1990.
In 1991, Assamese actress Moloya Goswami bagged a National Award for her role in the film 'Firingoti'. Jahnu Barua and playback singer Tarali Sharma won National Awards for best director ('Xagaraloi Bahu Door') and best playback singer - female ('Akashitarar Kathare') in 1995 and 2003 respectively.
Despite its glorious past, the 85-year-old Assamese film industry is ailing from lack of cinema halls as many theatres were shut down following a threat from a militant organisation of the state in the late 90s.
Eminent Assamese actor Nipon Goswami recently urged the state government to take initiatives to open mini cinema halls in suburban areas to protect the future of the Assamese films.
"More than in towns, it is the suburban and rural areas where audiences eagerly wait for the release of local movies. Rural audiences in the state also wait for months for the mobile theatre season to begin each year. The Assamese film industry is in desperate need of a viable market. Financers are ready to contribute their share to construct mini cinema halls but the government needs take up the lead," Goswami says.
The North-East Film & Video Technicians Association (NEFVTA) is constantly urging film industry workers to become members of the body to avail the facilities offered by the labour ministry. Only 778 cine workers in Assam are registered with the NEFVTA.
Cinematographer Sibanan Baruah, general secretary of NEFVTA, said, "A large numbers of cine workers in the state are yet to be registered with the labour ministry. Our organisation is asking such people to register with us so they can avail the benefits and unite under a common banner."
Chandra Mudoi's latest film 'Bakor Putek' and Pradyot Kumar Deka's 'Samiran Baruah Aahi Aase' are two films released this year. Young director Deka has brought Ulfa hardliner Paresh Baruah to the silver screen in his latest film.
'Jaangfai Joonaak' ('From the Shadow of Silence'), the first Assamese film shot with high-definition (HD) cameras, hit screens all over the state on Bhogali Bihu last, which shows the willingness of filmmakers to experiment. But a sound infrastructure needs to be built to enable these filmmakers to reach out to audiences.
End of Article
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8571
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dbpedia
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1
| 51 |
https://www.pw.live/exams/defence/69th-national-film-awards-2023-winners-list/
|
en
|
69th National Film Awards 2023 Winners List
|
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] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Nigam Sharma"
] |
2023-08-28T21:44:26+05:30
|
69th National Film Award: Explore the winners across diverse categories, including Best Film, Best Actor, and Best Director
|
PHYSICS WALLAH
|
https://www.pw.live/exams/defence/69th-national-film-awards-2023-winners-list/
|
69th National Film Awards 2023 Winners List: The 69th National Film Awards were declared by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting during a press conference by the Jury at the National Media Center New Delhi. The Jury members for the National Film Awards handed over the list of awardees for feature, non-feature, and best script categories to Union I&B Minister Anurag Thakur. Check the complete list of 69th National Film Award winners below.
69th National Film Award
The declaration of the winners of the 69th National Film Awards took place on August 24, at a press meet in New Delhi. These awards are presented every year to recognize and celebrate exceptional talents within the film sector throughout the nation. They are held in high regard as one of the most esteemed accolades in the film industry. Alia Bhatt and Kriti Sanon jointly secured the accolade for Best Actress, while Allu Arjun was honored with the Best Actor award. The Indian blockbuster “RRR” also clinched numerous honors in the technical categories.
This year’s award holds a unique significance as it recognizes the contributions of artists and filmmakers during the year 2021, a period marked by the global upheaval caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. Despite widespread disruptions, a limited number of films in 2021 endeavored to rejuvenate the tradition of theatrical releases, drawing cinema enthusiasts back to the grandeur of the big screen. A total of 280 feature films in 20 different languages were chosen for consideration.
69th National Film Award Winners List
Let us look at the list of National Film Award Winners in different categories –
Category Winner Best Feature Film Rocketry Best Director Nikhil Mahajan, Godavari Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment RRR Nargis Dutt Award for Best Film on National Integration The Kashmir Files Best Actor Allu Arjun, Pushpa Best Actress Alia Bhatt, Gangubai Kathiawadi and Kriti Sanon, Mimi Best Supporting Actor Pankaj Tripathi, Mimi Best Supporting Actress Pallavi Joshi, The Kashmir Files Best Child Artist Bhavin Rabari, Chhello Show Best Screenplay (Original) Shahi Kabir, Nayattu Best Screenplay (Adapted) Sanjay Leela Bhansali & Utkarshini Vashishtha, Gangubai Kathiawadi Best Dialogue Writer Utkarshini Vashishtha & Prakash Kapadia, Gangubai Kathiawadi Best Music Director (Songs) Devi Sri Prasad, Pushpa Best Music Direction (Background Music) MM Keeravaani, RRR Best Male Playback Singer Kaala Bhairava, RRR Best Female Playback Singer Shreya Ghoshal, Iravin Nizhal Best Lyrics Chandrabose, Konda Polam’s Dham Dham Dham Best Hindi Film Sardar Udham Best Kannada Film 777 Charlie Best Malayalam Film Home Best Gujarati Film Chhello Show Best Tamil Film Kadaisi Vivasayi Best Telugu Film Uppena Best Maithili Film Samanantar Best Mishing Film Boomba Ride Best Marathi Film Ekda Kaay Zala Best Bengali Film Kalkokkho Best Assamese Film Anur Best Meiteilon Film Eikhoigi Yum Best Odia Film Pratikshya Indira Gandhi Award for Best Debut Film of a Director Meppadiyan, Vishnu Mohan Best Film on Social Issues Anunaad – The Resonance Best Film on Environment Conservation/Preservation Aavasavyuham Best Children’s Film Gandhi and Co Best Audiography (Location Sound Recordist) Arun Asok & Sonu K P, Chavittu Best Audiography (Sound Designer) Aneesh Basu, Jhilli Best Audiography (Re-recordist of the final mixed track) Sinoy Joseph, Sardar Udham Best Choreography Prem Rakshith, RRR Best Cinematography Avik Mukhopadhayay, Sardar Udham Best Costume Designer Veera Kapur Ee, Sardar Udham Best Special Effects Srinivas Mohan, RRR Best Production Design Dmitrii Malich and Mansi Dhruv Mehta, Sardar Udham Best Editing Sanjay Leela Bhansali, Gangubai Kathiawadi Best Makeup Preetisheel Singh, Gangubai Kathiawadi Best Stunt Choreography King Soloman, RRR Special Jury Award Shershaah, Vishnuvardhan Special Mention 1. Late Shri Nallandi, Kadaisi Vivasayi 2. Aranya Gupta & Bithan Biswas, Jhilli 3. Indrans, Home 4. Jahanara Begum, Anur Best Non-feature film Ek Tha Gaon Best Direction (Non-feature film) Bakul Matiyani, Smile Please Best Debut Non-Feature Film of a Director Paanchika, Ankit Kothari Best Anthropological Film Fire on Edge Best Biographical Film Rukhu Matir Dukhu Majhi and Beyond Blast Best Arts Films T.N. Krishnan Bow Strings to Divine Best Science & Technology Films Ethos of Darkness Best Promotional Film Endangered Heritage ‘Warli Art’ Best Environment Film (Non-feature film) Munnam Valavu Best Film on Social Issues (Non-feature film) Mithu Di and Three Two One Best Investigative Film Looking For Challan Best Exploration Film Ayushman Best Educational Film Sirpigalin Sirpangal Best Short Fiction Film Dal Bhat Best Animation Film Kandittundu Best Film on Family Values Chand Saanse Best Cinematography (Non-feature film) Bittu Rawat, Pataal Best Audiography (Re-recordist of the final mixed track) (Non-feature film) Unni krishnan, Ek Tha Gaon Best Production Sound Recordist (Location/Sync Sound) (Non-feature film) Suruchi Sharma, Meen Raag Best Editing (Non-feature film) Abhro Banerjee, If Memory Serves Me Right Best Music Direction (Non-feature film) Ishaan Divecha, Succelent Best Narration/Voice Over (Non-feature film) Kulada Kumar Bhattacharjee, Hathibondhu Special Mention (Non-feature film) 1. Aniruddha Jatkar, Baale Bangara, 2. Srikanth Deva, Karuvarai, 3. Sweta Kumar Das, The Healing Touch, 4. Ram Kamal Mukherjee, Ek Duaa Special Jury Award (Non-feature film) Shekhar Bapu Rankhambe, Rekha Best Book on Cinema Music by Laxmikant Pyarelal: The Incredibly Melodious Journey by Rajiv Vijayakar Best Film Critic Purushothama Charyulu Best Film Critic (Special Mention) Subramanya Bandoor
According to the Directorate of Film Festivals under the Union Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, the National Film Awards have the objective of promoting the creation of films that excel in terms of aesthetics, technical aspects, and societal significance. The 69th National Awards have been conferred upon films that received certification in 2021.
National Film Award History
The National Film Awards in India have a rich history that spans several decades. These awards are presented by the Directorate of Film Festivals, which operates under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. The primary purpose of the National Film Awards is to honor and recognize outstanding achievements in various aspects of filmmaking.
The history of the National Film Awards can be traced back to their inception in 1954. The first National Film Awards ceremony took place on May 10, 1954, where awards were given out in just a few categories. Over the years, the awards have evolved and expanded to encompass a wide range of categories, including Best Film, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Supporting Actor, Best Supporting Actress, Best Music Direction, Best Cinematography, and many more.
The National Film Awards are known for their credibility and significance within the Indian film industry. They are considered one of the most prestigious awards in Indian cinema. Unlike other film awards that focus primarily on commercial success, the National Film Awards emphasize artistic and technical excellence, as well as social relevance.
The awards are given in recognition of films from various languages and regions of India, reflecting the diverse and vibrant nature of the country’s cinema. Each year, a jury panel comprising experts and luminaries from the film industry selects the winners from a pool of eligible films. The awards are typically announced and presented by the President of India during a formal ceremony.
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https://nenow.in/entertainment/assam-jorhat-boys-flick-shines-in-los-angeles-film-festival.html
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Assam: Jorhat filmmaker’s flick shines in Los Angeles film festival
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2019-04-26T10:04:07+00:00
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Filmmaker Rupam Sarmah's - who hails from Jorhat and is now based in the US - film on disabled - One Little Finger - receives rave reviews
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NORTHEAST NOW
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https://nenow.in/entertainment/assam-jorhat-boys-flick-shines-in-los-angeles-film-festival.html
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Rupam Sarmah, who hails from Jorhat and is presently based in the United States of America, has won the ‘Best Film for Inspiration Making a Global Impact – Founders Award’ for his film One Little Finger, at the Riverside International Film Festival held at Los Angeles recently.
His brother Nayan Jyoti Sarmah, an office-bearer of Assam Table Tennis Association and an SBI official, informed that Rupam, who has directed and written One Little Finger, had dared to make a movie with 80 persons with disabilities and is now receiving international acclaim.
Also Read: National Film Awards: Rima Das Assamese film Village Rockstars wins Best Feature Film
“The film has been officially selected to be screened in various international festivals including France, New York, San Diego, Florida, Los Angeles, New Delhi and other places and will be premiered at Marché du Film Festival de Cannes in France on May 16 and 17 next,” he further informed.
The film will be officially released in the United States on August 16 next and India release is in September. The YouTube play link for the trailer is: https://youtu.be/xtMceQBQBow
One Little Finger is a Hollywood feature film (English) co-produced in India with the theme of ‘Ability in Disability’.
Speaking to Northeast Now, Rupam said, “The goal of the film is to bring awareness vis-à-vis the human rights of the disabled and is based on real-life stories.”
“Using the film media as a platform, we are allowing differently-abled people to act in this flick alongside other local and international award-winning actors to promote inclusion and diversity. More than 80 children and young adults with disabilities have acted in this film. The film has been completed after five years of planning and shooting in various locations in India and USA,” Rupam stated.
Some of the shooting locales in India are Jorhat, Sivasagar, Guwahati, Hajo, Rang Ghar, Naamghar, Kamakhya temple, Kolkata and its surrounding areas.
The children of Prerona Disability Organisation (Jorhat) and Monovikas Kendra (Kolkata) have been actively involved with this film.
The cast and crew are from Assam, Kolkata, South India, Mumbai, and USA. The role of the disabled is being played by characters who are physically challenged in real life too.
Tamela D’Amico, a Hollywood star, is playing the lead character in the film. Oscar nominated actor and composer, Siedah Garrett, is playing the role of Dr Claudia. Abhinaya, a hearing-impaired girl, is a South Indian actor who is playing the same role in the film.
Den, who was diagnosed with cerebral palsy and rare genetic disorder, is also playing the same role in the film. Jeeja, a national award winner, who has cerebral palsy, is playing a similar role in the film.
Some of the noted actors from Assam are – National Award-winning actor Moloya Goswami, Jaya Seal Ghosh, Pabitra Rabha, and Surajit Sarmah.
The music has been lent by Rupam Sarmah. “The music therapy is an integral part of this film. Many Grammy and Oscar winning artistes are involved with the soundtracks including Quincy Jones, Julian Lennon, Siedah Garrett, Kechi Okwuchi, Kevin Mackie, Padmashri Sumitra Guha, and Vishwa Mohan Bhatt.
The background score has been composed by Pulitzer nominated Stephen Melillo and Rupam Sarmah.
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Latest Assam News , Best Assamese News Channel, Assam News Live , North East Breaking news
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Prag News is one of the oldest and best news channels in Assam as well as Northeast India. With over 20 years of dedication and hardwork, we continue to bring to you ground-breaking news and updates from every corner of Assam and beyond.
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https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/allu-arjun-becomes-the-first-telugu-actor-to-win-a-national-film-award-with-pushpa-60769.html
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Allu Arjun becomes the first Telugu actor to win a National Film Award with Pushpa
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2023-08-25T19:22:21+05:30
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Allu Arjun becomes the first Telugu actor to win a National Film Award with Pushpa. Chiranjeevi and and Jr NTR congratul
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https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/allu-arjun-becomes-the-first-telugu-actor-to-win-a-national-film-award-with-pushpa-60769.html
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Allu Arjun made history by winning the National Award for Best Actor for his role in Pushpa: The Rise. The 69th National Film Awards were announced on Thursday. Soon after Allu was announced as the Best Actor Award winner, a video of him celebrating with team Pushpa went viral. Allu Arjun was seen in the video sharing a long and warm hug with director Sukumar. The rest of the cast and crew could be seen cheering and celebrating for the actor. As the film crew watched the announcement, media and photographers were summoned.
Celebrating the milestone, the official Twitter handle of Pushpa shared, “After ruling the box office, it is PUSHPA RAJ'S RULE at the #NationalAwards Icon Star @alluarjun BECOMES THE FIRST ACTOR FROM TFI to win the BEST ACTOR at the National Awards #AlluArjun Wins the Best Actor at the 69th National Awards for #Pushpa.”
Meanwhile, Jr NTR tweeted in support of Allu Arjun. “Congratulations @alluarjun bava. You deserve all the success and awards you get for #Pushpa.” Replying to him, the actor commented, “Thank you so much for your genuine wishes bava. Touched. Humbled.”
Chiranjeevi Konidela also posted on the microblogging site., “Heartiest Congratulations to All The Award Winners of 69th National Film Awards 2021 !!! Also Proud Moment for Telugu Cinema. Heartiest Congratulations to especially my dearest Bunny @AlluArjun for the coveted National Best Actor Award !!!!! Absolutely Proud of you!!! 6 National Awards for #RRR @mmkeeravaani garu #PremRakshith @kaalabhairava7 #SrinivasMohan #KingSoloman @DVVEntertainment #DVVDanaiah And most of all the Visionary SS Rajamouli @ssr for Leading the Way!!!! 2 National Awards for #Pushpa @alluarjun @ThisIsDSP 1 National Award for #Kondapolam @boselyricist & Regional Best Film for #Uppena #BuchhibabuSana @VaishnavTejoffi #Kritishetty @MythriMovieMakers Best Film Critic #Purushottamacharyulu And Each and Every Award Winner.”
Allu Arjun will be seen in Pushpa 2: The Rule.
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Famous Personalities of Indian Cinema, Bollywood Actors in India
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Film Personalities in India: Find detailed information about the great personalities of Bollywood and famous Bollywood actors.
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IndiaOnline.in
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https://www.indiaonline.in/guide/film-personalities-in-india
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Third-party brand trademarks and logos appearing here are owned by the respective third parties and are not affiliated with www.indiaonline.in. View our complete Disclaimer.
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https://www.firstpost.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/national-film-awards-2018-newton-sridevi-parvathy-pankaj-tripathi-a-look-at-major-winners-4430255.html
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National Film Awards 2018: Newton, Sridevi, Parvathy, Pankaj Tripathi â a look at major winners
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At the 65th National Film Awards, the Assamese film Village Rockstars was awarded the Best Feature Film, while Newton won the Best Hindi Film award.
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Zafri's Blog
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Posts about Northeast written by ZMN
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Zafri's Blog
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Zafri Mudasser Nofil
(New Delhi, May 17, 2015) Leong Lin Chi, who lives in Makum in Assam’s Tinsukia district, was only six years old when she got separated from her parents who were deported to China in 1962.
She now longs to meet her ageing and ailing parents and has approached the government for helping her in doing so. Leong, now known as Pramila Das, is among the several hundreds of Assamese people of Chinese origin facing a severe identity crisis.
Most of these Chinese people had come much before India’s independence. They were brought to Assam by East India Company officials for establishing the tea industry. After that there were some voluntary migration from China to Assam and Bengal.
Says author Rita Chowdhury, who has done extensive research on the subject, “Most of these people in Assam got married with local girls and settled down there. As time passed by, a large society of the Assamese-Chinese was formed and flourished in Assam. An estimated 1,500 people of Chinese origin are believed to be living in Assam.
“They forgot their own language and most of them never went back to China again. Most of the people were illiterate and ignorant of political changes.”
But after the 1962 India-China war, they were sent to a detention camp in Deoli in Rajasthan so that they don’t work as spies.
“Some of them were deported to China while a few were released later. Those released came back to Assam only to find that their property were all gone. The deported people are still considered as Indian refugees,” she adds.
Chowdhury, whose has written a novel Makam on the subject and recently a coffee-table book The Divided Soul, has one dream – Assamese people with Chinese origin feeling as secure as other Indian citizens and the deportees and their families coming to India to see their birthplace and meet their loved ones without any fear.
The senior lecturer in Political Science at Cotton College in Guwahati urges the government and the civil society to come forward to provide necessary political and social protection to the Indian-Chinese “living in silence, fear and insecurity”.
Leong’s father Leong Kok Hoi worked as a carpenter at Rangagara tea estate in Assam and her mother Chanu Leong was a Mizo.
She still remembers that fateful day when her parents were detained. She was in her maternal grandmother’s house. By the time her grandmother came to know about the arrests, it was too late. She rushed to the railway station with her granddaughter to send her with her parents but in vain.
The Chinese were already being taken away from that station to some unknown destination.
“I have been passing my days with deep pain. I have never seen my parents since then. However, I started receiving letters from them and came to know that they were alive but getting old and ailing. They, too, are longing to see us,” says Leong.
By the time, Chowdhury decided to write about the Assamese Chinese community and visited Makum, the biggest China town of Assam, it was already very late as most of the people who knew about the history of the Chinese diaspora in Assam and who could have told her about the pain they had to suffer during and after the Sino-Indian war had passed away.
“They had left with a lot of remorse and pain in their heart. The people who were young at the time of the war had become old,” she says.
She started her mission by meeting the people who were repatriated to China after the Sino-Indian War. The majority of them have been living in Hong Kong since then.
“I was the first non-Chinese person who went in search of them after long 45 years after their deportation.”
Her biggest challenge was to win their confidence but she says fortunately they responded positively and they poured their hearts out to her.
Chowdhury’s new book The Divided Soul, published by The Pangea House, was released last week by Union Home Minister Rajnath Singh who said this work will help a lot in cementing India-China ties.
Her debut novel Abirata Jatra (Incessant Journey) in 1981 fetched her the Asom Sahitya Sabha award.
She wrote a series of popular novels like Thirthabhumi (The Shrine) in 1988, Maha Jibanar Adharshila (Foundation Stone of Great Life) in 1993, Nayana Tarali Sujata in 1996, Popiya Torar Xadhu (Tale of a Meteor) in 1998, Rag-malkosh in 1999, Jala-Padma (Water-Lotus) in 1999, Hridoy Nirupai (The Helpless Heart) in 2003, Deo Langkhui (The Divine Sword) in 2005, Makam (The Golden Horse) in 2010 and Mayabritta (The circle of Worldly Illusion) in 2012.
She won the Sahitya Akademi Award in 2008 for her novel Deo Langkhui which was based on the Tiwas of Assam.
Zafri Mudasser Nofil
(New Delhi, Feb 15, 2015) If all the large dams proposed by China on rivers within Tibet begin operations, the Brahmaputra river will never be the same again, warns a Canadian environmentalist who has done extensive research on the subject.
“Currently, Chinese engineers are constructing a five-dam cascade on the mid-reaches of the Tsangpo (Brahmaputra). Zhangmu Dam, with a capacity of 540 MW, has already started operation. The dam lies 86 miles southeast of Lhasa. Construction is under way on the other dams in this cascade,” says Michael Buckley.
“China claims these dams will have no impact downstream, but the fact is that these dams are just the start of things, with bigger and bigger dams on the drawing-board, such as 800-MW Zhongyu Dam on a Yarlung Tsangpo tributary. Within Tibet, at least 20 large dams are planned for the Tsangpo (Brahmaputra) and its tributaries. If all go into operation, the river will never be the same again,” he told PTI.
Buckley has also written a book Meltdown in Tibet: China’s Reckless Destruction of Ecosystems from the Highlands of Tibet to the Deltas of Asia in which he tries to focus on the darker side of China’s emergence as a global super power.
The book, published by Palgrave Macmillan, has a preface by the Dalai Lama in which the Tibetan spiritual leader says that “Meltdown in Tibet” should be “part of a wake-up call to the international community and China to seriously assess ecological and environmental conditions on the Tibetan plateau and take remedial measures”.
On the ecological impact on Assam and Arunachal Pradesh that may be posed due to the construction of big dams on the Brahmaputra and other rivers by China, Buckley says the fragile ecosystem is at risk.
The Great Bend (in Tibet) of the Brahmaputra from where the river begins its course towards India holds the greatest hydropower potential in the world, says Buckley, who has travelled extensively throughout Southeast Asia, and the Himalayan and Karakoram ranges and has made a documentary on major environmental issues in Tibet.
“A huge dam at the Great Bend would devastate the river’s fragile ecosystem – destroying the magnificent biodiversity of the Assam and Himachal Pradesh region. This is much more than a question of water coursing into India: a huge dam would withhold the river’s sediment from the fertile floodplains of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh.
“A huge volume of nutrient-rich sediment (silt) flows down the Brahmaputra from Tibet. Dams block silt, thus affecting the food security of the nations downstream, which need silt for productive agriculture and to bolster the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta against rising sea-levels. Tributaries swell the Brahmaputra from the Indian side, but the greatest sediment load comes in from Tibet,” he says.
Buckley suggests a moratorium on mega-dam building in Tibet – and across the entire Himalayan range – and including India’s own mega-dam-building plans.
“Mega-dams mean mega problems. Mega-dams have severe impact on the ecosystems that these rivers support, disrupting fisheries and reducing biodiversity. Water quality may be severely degraded in stagnant reservoirs,and whole communities must be relocated for areas flooded by dam reservoirs,” he asserts.
Buckley also suggests that India needs to stand up to this travesty. “India needs to negotiate water-sharing rights with China (as India has done with Pakistan and with Bangladesh).”
Of the major consequences of rapid melting of Tibet’s glaciers, he says initially, the impact will be increased flow in the rivers – meaning flooding.
“Then eventually that will be followed by drastically reduced flow (as the glaciers disappear) and then no flow at all. Monsoon rains cannot maintain the water levels in these rivers – they are dependent on glacier-fed water for the most part,” he says.
(New Delhi, Jan 27, 2015) Assamese filmmaker Jahnu Barua, selected for the Padma Bhushan, says the award is a recognition to the cinema industry in general and to the northeast in particular and will inspire more people from the region in various fields.
“The award is an inspiring stimulus for those involved in art and culture and also other fields. It is a respect and recognition to the industry and also to the northeast and Assam,” 62-year-old Barua, who was conferred with Padma Shri in 2003, told PTI from Mumbai where he is based.
Known for making films on social issues, Barua has won 10 National Film Awards and over 25 awards at international festivals.
He says the recognition will act as an inspiration to upcoming talents from the northeast.
“The award is not just for me, it is for my family, the people I work with and all people related to art and culture,” says Barua, whose 2005 film Maine Gandhi Ko Nahin Mara, starring Anupam Kher and Urmila Matondkar, brought him critical acclaim.
His Halodhiya Choraye Baodhan Khai (Catastrophe) won the President’s Swarna Kamal for the best feature film in 1987, while Hkhagoroloi Bohu Door (It’s a Long Way to the Sea) received the Swarna Kamal for best director in 1996.
Firingoti (Spark) won him the second best National film award and the best actress award for Moloya Goswami.
Barua, who has been involved in social work related to art and culture, says it is good that the government has recognised his contribution in this regard.
“I have been visiting colleges and universities and sharing experiences with the students and this gives me a lot of satisfaction,” he says.
His latest Assamese movie Ajeyo opened the screening of an eight films retrospective at the 2014 International Film Festival of India in Goa.
(New Delhi, Nov 14, 2014) A doodle by a Pune schoolgirl artfully depicting the natural and cultural richness of Assam has been featured today on the Google India homepage on the occasion of Children’s Day.
Vaidehi Reddy, a class IX student of Army Public School, was adjudged the winner of this year’s India Doodle4Google (D4G) contest in which there were more than a million entries from over 2,100 schools across 50 cities.
The winning doodle is titled “Natural and Cultural Paradise – Assam” in which Reddy depicted the state’s famed wildlife by sketching the one-horned rhinoceros, the tiger, tea bushes and bamboo trees. A woman performing the Bihu dance carrying a ‘japi’ (traditional hat) is also there in the doodle.
“I want to go to Assam because it is rich in both, natural beauty and culture. Its music and rich folk arts are also very good,” Reddy said in her caption in the contest which asked the participants to draw their own doodle about “A place in India I wish to visit”.
Her entry was selected by a jury comprising political cartoonist Ajit Ninan, Art Director Children’s Publishing at ACK Media Savio Mascarenhas and Google Doodle team lead Ryan Germick.
The doodles were judged on three criteria – artistic merit, creativity and theme communication.
Doodles are the spontaneous changes that are made to the Google logo in celebration of holidays, anniversaries and the lives of famous artists, pioneers and scientists who have helped shape history.
Since 1998 there have been over 2,000 doodles on Google homepages around the world. Themes based on India have featured on the Google page umpteen number of times and more recently on occasions like R K Narayan’s 108th birthday (October 10) and the Lok Sabha elections counting day (May 16). Independence Day and Republic Day are featured every year.
On August 4, Google paid a tribute to legendary singer-actor Kishore Kumar on his 85th birth anniversary by dedicating a special doodle to him.
The doodle showed the late music icon’s sketch replacing the L of ‘GOOGLE’ and borders with drawings of masks, pen and paper, camera and symbol of music, depicting his versatility as an artiste.
In 1998, Google’s founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin placed a stick figure drawing behind the second ‘o’ in the word Google as a message to users that they were “out of the office” attending a music and art festival.
From there the idea of decorating the logo to mark cultural moments was born. Users really enjoyed this quirky change to the clean Google homepage. As a result a turkey was added on Thanksgiving in 1998, two pumpkins for the ‘o’s appeared for Halloween in October of 1999 as well as a few others.
After two years of playing around with the logo on special occasions, Larry and Sergey asked webmaster Dennis Hwang to create a doodle for Bastille Day in France. Soon after he was appointed the chief doodler and doodles became more frequent occurrences on the homepage.
Users started seeing doodles for more holidays and starting in 2003 doodles for people’s birthdays. The first being Monet in 2001, Picasso in 2002 and then Michelangelo and Albert Einstein six months later. Since then the amount of doodles and the variety of subjects have grown to celebrate a much wider array of events, holidays, anniversaries and birthdays of some of history’s greats.
(New Delhi, Oct 19, 2014) The national capital will have a carnival atmosphere next month as it plays host to a four-day festival that will offer a taste of the Northeast through music, dance, fashion and food of the region.
The second North East Festival from November 7-10 festival will also focus on various business and investment opportunities that the region presents, apart from showcasing the multifarious culture and rich heritage of the northeastern states.
Twenty-three music bands and musician including the likes of Bollywood singer Zubin Garg, the Tetseo Sisters, Guru Reuban Masangva, Imphal Talkies, Soulmate, Girish the Chronicle and Vinyl Records will perform during the festival to be held at the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA) here.
“MTV will cover the event and also scout talent for its MTV Indies stage. There will be ethnic dance performances, a film festival, fashion shows and many more.
“Overall, it will be a carnival atmosphere from 11 AM to 10 PM every day,” says Shyamkanu Mahanta, chief organiser of the festival.
There will also be a special performance by Bollywood singer Ash King of Meherbaan (Bang Bang), I Love You (Bodyguard) and Te Amo (Dum Maaro Dum) fame.
Besides, 25 designers from the Northeast will showcase their products.
Another highlight of the festival will be the delectable ethnic food from all the eight states and various tribes and communities of the region.
There will also be an agriculture and food processing exhibition cum sale related to organic farming and floriculture and handloom and handicraft shows besides photography and art exhibitions.
“The aim of the festival is to make the people of Delhi know about the Northeast,” says Mahanta.
The 8th Delhi International Art Festival to be held from October 28 to November 11 will promote the Northeast Festival, he says, adding NDMC has also agreed on putting up 40-50 hoardings about the event across the city.
Icons from the northeast like champion boxers M C Mary Kom and Shiva Thapa, Bollywood actor Adil Hussain and Everest conqueror Anshu Jamsenpa among others and policy makers, intellectuals, students, investors and tour operators, are expected to attend the event, the theme of which is ‘Insurgence to Resurgence’.
The festival is organised by socio-cultural trust Trend MMS in association with the Northeast community of Delhi and IGNCA.
There will also be round-table discussions on issues of security of people from the Northeast living in Delhi, IT& ITES opportunities, education, sports, agriculture and food processing and tourism.
(Guwahati, Jun 20, 2014) At a time when the country is in the grip of World Cup fever, a film brings out the inspiring tale of 40-odd girls from poor, agrarian families who are ‘bending it like Beckham’ in the hope that football will kick them out of drudgery.
Soccer Queens of Rani is about the passion of these girls from Rani area near here along Assam’s border with Meghalaya. And they have to thank Hem Das, a veteran coach from here, who spends his own money to teach football to girls like them.
Das had initially gone to the area in search of young boys interested in playing football, but found that more girls were in fact flocking to him to learn the sport.
While narrating the stories of the girls, the film also captures the socio-economic life of the area they come from, thereby trying to show how fruits of modern development have not been equitably reached all the people.
The film’s subject is also important in the context of North-East India, where football is a passion and states like Manipur and Mizoram and clubs like Shillong Lajong FC have excelled on the national scene.
The documentary by critic-cum-filmmaker Utpal Borpujari is made for Rajya Sabha Television. The 26-minute film was commissioned by RSTV channel as part of a series on developmental and inspirational stories of modern India.
The girls come from poor, agrarian families from villages in the Rani area, which despite not being very far from Guwahati still lacks basic amenities like electricity.
The mother and a brother of one of the girls work in stone quarries to make ends meet. Another girl’s father digs sand from the river to earn his family’s household expenses. One of the girl’s mother pulls a hand cart and sells snacks in the weekly local market.
“For these girls, football provides an outlet to go beyond their mundane lives, and as the film reveals, quite a few of them also see it as an opportunity to get a better life in the future. They walk or cycle several kilometres every day to practice football, which speaks volumes about their dedication. And they practice football in time they find after attending school and doing household chores,” says Borpujari.
The film is also about the dedication of Das, an ex-Assam player who runs the Young Star Football Coaching Club.
“Das spends a major portion of his earnings in going about 20 days a month to Rani to teach football to these girls, and even buying kits for them,” says Borpujari.
A number of these girls have made it to the state squads for Under-14 and Under-17 national school tournaments.
The film, apart from focusing on the story of aspirations of a bunch of young, underprivileged girls, also focuses on how individuals can play a role in giving shape to the nation’s future, even if in small ways.
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Highlights of 69th National Film Award 2023
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On 24th August 2023, the winners of the 69th National Film Awards (2023) were announced by the jury panel during the event held at the National Media Centre, New Delhi, Delhi. Anurag Thakur, the Union Minister for Information and Broadcasting, was presented with the list of the winners.
69th National Film Awards honoured the best films of 2021 in Indian cinema.
The National Film Awards are organized by the Directorate of Film Festivals(DFF), under Ministry for Information and Broadcasting (MIB).
The awards are categorised into five categories. They are Dadasaheb Phalke Award(Lifetime Achievement Award), Feature films, Non Features films, Best writing on cinema and Most film friendly state.
Note – The Directorate of Film Festivals (DFF) was set up under this Ministry in 1973 with the objective of promotion of Indian films and cultural exchange through organization of various events in the country and participation in various International film festivals in abroad.
Who announced the award?
The awards were announced by Ketan Mehta (Chairperson of the Feature Films Jury), Vasanth S Sai (Chairperson of the Non-Feature Films Jury) and Yatindra Mishra (Chairperson of the Best Writing on Cinema Jury).
The awards were announced in the presence of Ms. Neerja Sekhar, Additional Secretary of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.
Note: Currently the award is announced only for three categories ie., Feature films, Non Features films, Best writing on cinema.
Highlights:
i.RRR(Rise Roar Revolt), a Telugu film directed by S. S. Rajamouli, has won the most number of awards i.e. 6 at the 69th National Film Awards.
The Hindi movie ‘Gangubai’ Kathiawadi and Sardar Udham received five awards each.
ii.Rocketry: The Nambi Effect, directed by R Madhavan won the Best Feature Film award.
Rocketry: The Nambi Effect is a biographical drama based on the life story of Indian Space Research Organization(ISRO) scientist Nambi Narayanan, who was accused in the ISRO espionage case and later exonerated.
iii.Ek Tha Gaon directed by Srishti Lakhera won the Best Non-Feature Film award.
Ek Tha Gaon is a documentary film on a Ghost Village made in Garhwali and Hindi language.
iv.The Kashmir Files directed by Vivek Ranjan Agnihotri won the Nargis Dutt Award for Best Film on National Integration.
Best Actor and Actress:
i.Telugu Actor Allu Arjun won the Best Actor award for the film Pushpa (The Rise Part I). With this, he became the first Telugu actor to win the National Award under Best Actor category.
ii.The Best Actress award was shared by Alia Bhatt for Gangubai Kathiawadi and Kriti Sanon for Mimi.
Golden Lotus (Swarna Kamal) Award:
All the awardees under this section will be awarded with a certificate and a cash prize.
Note: Purushothama Charyulu, Telugu Film also received the Swarna Kamal Award for Best Film Critic with an entitled cash prize of Rs.75,000/-
Rajat Kamal(Silver Lotus):
The best Film on Social Issues award of Rajat Kamal was received by Anunaad-The Resonance (Assamese) under the Feature Film Category.
Best Feature Film in each of the language specified in the Schedule VIII of the Constitution:
All the awards below are given under Rajat Kamal category.
Best Feature Film in each of the languages other than those specified in Schedule VIII of the Constitution
Best Mishing Film: Boomba Ride (Assamese) .This movie Producer is Quarter Moon and productions Director is Biswajit Bora.
It received Rajat Kamal award with Rs. 1,00,000/- (each).
Special Jury Mention Award – Feature Film:
All the awardee under this section will be awarded only with a certificate.
Special Mention – Non-Feature Film:
Note: ‘Special Mention – Critic’ award under ‘Best Writing on Cinema’ category is given to Subramanya Badoor(Kannada language). He will be provided only with a certificate.
About National Film Award:
Established in 1954. Nargis Dutt and Uttam Kumar are the first actress and actor to get the Best Actress (then called Urvashi) and Best Actor (then called Bharat) respectively.
These awards encourage the production of films of aesthetic & technical excellence and social relevance contributing to the understanding of cultures of different regions in cinematic form.
The juries are appointed by The Directorate of Film Festivals in India under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.
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Some old writings
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https://assamthrumyeyes.wordpress.com/
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Ambubachi Mela – The name conjures up images of sadhus with tridents and matted hair, wild singing and gesticulating devotees high on bhang, traffic jams and from now marketing.
Although I am now a ‘resident’ of Assam and have been proud owner of a PRC since the last 25 years , I haven’t visited the Mela in the past partly due to disinterest and mostly due to ‘ search of greener pastures’ which signifies the lives of many ‘lucky’ Northeasterners. The MBA tidal wave which has engulfed and submerged the nation since 2000 is evident at the festival too which is a new sight for me. Five years ago, steel bar and cement company hoardings were definitely not welcoming me to Guwahati.
The first sight that greets me as I get off the bus at the Kamakhya bus stop is a huge advertising board of an ‘India renowned astrologer and palmist Guru’. Devotees were of course expected to a pay a visit to the gentleman and get rid of their afflictions.
Devotees stand in queue, in front of the Ganesh Mandir to receive water of a particular mineral water company and a miniscule packet of food comprising of a banana and two slices of bread. I walk past them.
More advertising boards, smaller in size, perched on electricity posts greet me. My friend, ‘Mr India renowned’ and a attractive lady smile down on me. There is a newcomer too, a ‘vastu expert’, who is a gold medal winner.
There are two roads to reach the Goddess Kamakhya and both have Ganesh mandirs at the start. I clamber up the serpentine road which resembles the multi-coloured strings of a giant kite with colourful flags and the multitude of vehicles passing by. For a moment the tiny dots of houses and fields of humanity spread out far below me makes me feel like a God among mortals but then I return to reality with the honk of a passing trekker.
Finally after 45 minutes of arduous trekking I am at the top and some 400 metres away from the temple entrance.
.
The top of the hill is dotted with red hoardings of a certain mobile company which gave it the air of a huge mobile phone fair of some kind. These flags stick out sorely like a fly in the custard.
Traders jostling to get the attention of the devotees scream and brandish their wares. “Come here Dada, Lingams here, pure sandalwood, devotional CDs too.” The crowd is varied. Trinket sellers with cheap earrings and from Bengal, gem stone sellers from Rajasthan, local vendors selling sandalwood pieces and stone potas, photos of gods and goddesses add colour to the festive atmosphere. The aroma of freshly fried sweets waft in the air and the mounds of various sweets in the open air stalls tempt even the diehard hygiene conscious.
A mini and colourful market has sprung up here. The sights and smells of the market are pleasurable to say the least
A little ahead a beggar without legs, lies on a wheel drawn small wooden cart. He is arguing with a spunky looking young woman, of about 30 with wild disheveled hair blowing out in all directions. Bits of their conversation drift in as I pass. “Why don’t you just move away from here? It’s my space. I have been sitting here for a long time.” The girl retorts, “You don’t own this place do you?” Its business time and turf wars are on.
Finally I wade past the crowd and metal detectors at the temple gates and come inside the temple compound. Pandas or the resident priests of the temple rush about, an ocean of floating orange, escorting devotees to offer their prayers in the inner sanctum of the temple.
Within the temple premises, the Saubhagya kund beckons. A pond as old as the temple itself, today a big flex banner of a ‘leading’ bank beckons me to come and take a dip at the pond. It is difficult to ascertain whether that is the name of a scheme floated by the bank or the name of a pond. Somehow I suspect, more than the water of the pond it is investment in the bank which is meant to arouse your ‘saubhagya’.
As I do a parikrama of the temple, a group of sanyasins scamper behind an old man who it seems is apparently trying to distribute some food and coins. Some coins fall out of the old man’s hands and there is brief chaos and hands and legs fling out in all directions to arrest the fall.
The pigeons and the sight of the ancient temple restore some calm to the surroundings and my mind and seem to be the only constant in the ever changing surroundings.
The grand dame of Assamese cinema
There was not much in terms of conversation between actress Jnanada Kakati and her mother when she was offered her first film role in 1947. Her mother simply told her to pack and leave and to never come back.
The film was Parghat. Today the eighty year old actress reminiscences, “I was dumbstruck when I was offered the role of heroine in the movie. Cinema was the domain of people in Mumbai. Although I had watched a bit of Joymati it was beyond my comprehension that Assamese people would be in a film.”
When she reached Kolkata for shooting she was met with more probing questions, “No one from a good family comes into acting. How have you come into this profession? Why have you come?”
To this, she had a simple response. “What is wrong with this? If we educated people do not come into this profession, who will?”
Assamese society in the early period of the twentieth century was like a closed seashell, clammed so as to protect its perceived pearl of culture and professions like singing and dancing, especially by the fairer sex were frowned upon.
Back home, while she was away, her parents were exposed to the jibes and snide remarks of neighbours and ‘well-wishers’ who passed comments like, “You will get many son-in-laws now.”
For as long as she could remember there was always this tussle; a tussle between dreams and societal conformity which started at an early age when she used to hide backstage at the Asom Club in Shillong to watch her father Deben Das, a reputed theatre artist, perform on stage.,
“I was called Akoni and I used to come and watch my father's rehearsal but my father used to forbid me coming to watch. The chowkidar was instructed to drive me away and it drove my mother to despair as to why I went there again and again. I don't know why but to see all these actors put on colours, dress as women and dress up in different characters attracted me and I decided that one day I would be an actress.”,
“I loved songs and singing and would often go and watch people singing or listen to them after school was over much to my mother's concern and worry. In school, teachers used to tell me to sing whenever there used to be a play. I would gather few of my friends and perform a small play on someone's verandah. I would imagine that I was a queen of the land and I would sprout wings and fly away.”
These were traits not held in great esteem by her parents. Threatened and cajoled by her parents to be ‘good’ she would be often beaten up in an effort to make her ‘normal’.
When she was studying in the sixth standard, the legendary Bishnu Rabha saw her dancing and offered to teach her. His prediction was, “Jnanada, you will become a great actress one day.” However after just one week of teaching the dancing classes had to be stopped as ‘well-wishers’ again told her mother that the ‘dancing business’ was not good; another example of the prevalent mind-set.
She persisted and by the time she was in college she was always the first choice to sing and dance and even teach others.
When all threats and cajoling failed her parents planned to get her married which they thought would put an end to their daughter's gallivanting. However much to their dismay, their son-in-law turned out to be a staunch supporter of his wife. Himself very interested in the performing arts, her husband Lohit Kakati, encouraged Jnanada Kakati to act in films and also follow her heart. Remembering him, she says, “I was and I still say I am so lucky to have got married to my husband. He was an artist, singer, dancer and a handsome person. It was due to his support that I could go ahead with my wishes despite opposition from my parents.”
Her lifelong persistence paid rewards when she became the first Assamese actress to go to the famed Berlin film festival in 1959 for her film Puberun, the first Assamese film to be screened at the Berlin film festival.
“I feel lucky and privileged that even in that period I could go to a place like Berlin film festival after doing an Assamese film. We were taken around in a car through the streets of Berlin and people lined up on both sides of the roads to shower flower petals on us and chanting “India… India,” as our car passed by. It was at that moment that I realized what a great moment it was and I felt proud to be an Indian. A girl from a middle class family got the opportunity to dance with a Hollywood star like Cary Grant.”
Unknown to most she was also an accomplished radio announcer for All India Radio and when All India Radio started in Assam for the first time in Shillong, she became its first announcer. She became a staff artist, singer, news reader and drama artist.
Although many offers poured in after Parghat she missed out on some important ones.
“Bimal Roy sent me a letter with 80 rupees. He was making a movie called Tothapi and he wanted me to play the lead role of a dumb lady. After Tothapi the next to follow would be the Hindi film Bandini, a role that would later go to Nutan. I told my husband that I don't want to go. I returned the money and told him that I will not be able to take that offer. Had I acted in that movie my stature might have been very different probably. Then another offer came. It was a film called Shesher Kobita. However, I had an accident at the time just before shooting and I was expecting at that time. So that offer was also gone. After that I did Assamese films, Sorapat and Piyoli Phukan.” PC Baruah offered her a role too for a movie which was to be like Joymati but unfortunately he passed away before he could start the movie.
Mostly seen in maternal roles on screen despite not being very aged at the time, she laughs as she explains this, “I love pathos and I am a very kind hearted person. Maybe that is why directors loved to offer me the role of a mother.”
More offers kept coming in. She did some Bengali movies with actors like Nitish Roy and Ahindra Choudhury.
Directors she worked with
“I will be forever grateful to Bolin da (Phani Sharma). He was a great director for me. Although, he was a very strict man he loved equally. Nip Baruah was also a good director, very calm and quiet. Despite all troubles, they dedicated themselves to the craft. On some days, shooting would be wrapped up in half a day. But nobody gave up.”
Then and now
The world of acting seems a very different place today. “Everything is so technically advanced today. When we were shooting Piyoli Phukan, even a lizard had to be taken to Kolkata because the colour of a lizard in Kolkata was different from the lizard in Assam. We would stay for months at one place to complete the shooting but today a young college girl who is also an actress can come and give a shot during the lunch break and leave. We don't know what makeup was or dress designer was. We would dress on our own. Today there are books providing instructions on each and every aspect of acting. We went from an environment of thorns and in that context I sometimes think that maybe we have given a lot to films in Assam.”,
A proud mother and a housewife, today she hopes that the new generation should know about artists like her. “Many of the new ones do not know about us. They have not even heard about us. Today cinema is like Bombay type. Directors give so much freedom today. I wouldn't blame the young actors of today. It is the responsibility of the director to extract the best out of an actor. Our boys and girls act well. If our producers had the money they would also do well. But still we need to improve”.
Age may have robbed her of many things but her passion for acting is still alive. “Although, I have aged and I am old, I am still desirous of acting. If I get a good role I think I would do it well,” she says.
Memorable roles
Role of Meghali in Puberun.
Role of Seuti in Piyoli Phukan.
Audio interview with Jnanada Kakati
http://tindeck.com/player/v1/player.swf?trackid=svss
The tag of a ‘villain’ doesn't bother Abdul Majid but he thinks people are afraid of him.
It happened one afternoon on some nameless day in the early nineties. Abdul Majid was shopping in Fancy Bazaar with his family. In those days there were no restrictions on smoking and while his wife and others busied themselves with shopping, Majid lit a cigarette. Suddenly, he was aware of a lot of eyes on him and hushed panicky voices of some women. “He is here. Let us go out. Go…go” In a matter of a minute the shop was empty. It was not the first time and certainly, not the last time. Curious neighbours or fearful classmates would often ask his family members, “Is he like this at home too? Does he beat you?”
All testimonies to the acting prowess of a multi-faceted actor but perhaps best remembered as the granddad of all villains in Assamese cinema.
The beginnings
Born on November 16, 1931 in Jorhat but officially recorded as May 1, 1932, the young Abdul Majid was attracted to films and theatres from a very young age. Recalling his first brush with cinema, Majid says, “There was a godown of the agricultural department near my house and there used to be a man there called Didaruddin Ahmed, a neatly dressed man in a dhoti, pump shoe and kameez with his finely combed back brushed hair. He used to take me with him to the Jorhat theatre. Occasionally, I would be taken backstage where he would dress up according to his role and sometimes as a woman. I used to find this very funny. Sometimes we used to watch Jatra parties from Kolkata. I always loved watching but never thought that I would act in films or theatre. Sometimes some of us would get together in someone's house and some of the boys would perform a play using bed sheets and other household implements as our equipment. This was my initiation to the world of theatre”.
He little suspected that these childhood skirmishes with theatre and cinema would one day result in fame and become a way of life for him.
Being a culturally vibrant place and home to doyens of Assamese culture such as Hem Baruah and Indreswar Sarma there was a tradition in Jorhat that matriculation candidates would enact a play. The young Majid used to assist but one day someone failed to turn up and Majid was asked to enact the absentee's role. Although hesitant, the initial reticence disappeared when onlookers applauded him for his acting. Thus, once started, there was no looking back.
Majid was part of the club called Kristi Sangha under which they started enacting the plays. With the latent talent bursting forth, the youth were soon advised by lot of people to start writing their own plays instead of enacting Bengali plays written by others, which was a norm at the time. Majid eagerly took to the task. Bonchitaa , his first play was written in 1957. Then came Dhuli Makoti followed by Sur and Sampoorno Mahabharata. Much later his play Sihot Ahise found place in a Sahitya Akademi collection of plays.
Early days
When he and his friends were around 24 -25, a wild idea about making a movie crept into their minds; wild because they had no idea about where the money would come from. “We went to Syed Abdul Malik to make his novel Matir saki into a film. He gave the go ahead. At the same time, the premiere of Smritir Porokh was being held in Jorhat for which Brojen Baruah and Nip Baruah had come. We went to meet them. We called them to watch Ronga Police. They watched the play and suggested that we should instead make Ronga Police as this would make a great movie. So we went ahead with that. 10 June 1957 – It was the mohurat of Ronga Police and the first day I came to be associated with movies.”
“I played the role of an anti-hero in the movie. I wouldn't call it negative. I tried to portray the character differently because I had done it numerous times on stage,” says Majid. It worked and his role was appreciated by many and his particular style of walking was even copied.
More movies followed and all the while he continued to engage with the medium where he first started -theatre- and gave memorable performances in plays like Spartacus, Srimanta Sankardev, Bhagawan Sri Krishna, Jibon Driver and Bazarot Omola among others.
Chameli Memsaheb
In 1975 came, Chameli Memsaheb, the second directorial venture of Abdul Majid (after Morom Trishna), a movie that would go on to win national awards for best Assamese feature film(Rajat Kamal award) and also be the first Assamese film to be screened at the Rashtrapati Bhawan. After reading the short story by Nirod Choudhury, Abdul Majid wrote the screenplay for the same and showed it to Choudhury who gave the go ahead for the same. Despite stiff opposition to the casting of Binita Borgohain as Chameli, a girl from the tea gardens, owing to her mongoloid looks, Majid decided to go ahead. He explains his choice. “I knew the acting skills of Binita so there was never any doubt in my mind about her acceptance in the eyes of the audience. The end result was there for all to see”. The film took the box office by storm and more than 30 years after the movie released it is still regarded as an Assamese classic.
It also gave him the role of Monglu, the misguided and lovelorn boy in love with Chameli, a role which he regards as one of his best performances. More directorial ventures followed in the form of Banahangsa and Banjui but he was still a few years away from becoming the synonym for villain in Assamese cinema.
Villain 101
In 1985, Pulok Gogoi directed Sendur, a social drama laced with healthy doses of action. A protesting Abdul Majid was convinced by the director that no one else could play the role of Jagat Barua, an evil zamindar and the rest is folklore today. Sendur became a super hit and Abdul Majid the villain was born. “Pulok Gogoi made me a villain. I didn't want to take up the role initially but Gogoi coaxed me saying that no one else would be able to do justice to the role.”
Hits like Puja and Suruj followed and the image of Abdul Majid the evil man became entrenched in the minds of the masses.
It would not be an exaggeration to say that apart from Dinesh Das, another epitome of onscreen devilry in Assamese cinema, nobody else has defined ‘villain’ more aptly on screen than Abdul Majid.
So who is a villain and what are the traits needed to play a villain? Majid says, “There has to be a character to a villain. Nobody can become a villain just for the sake of being bad. How does the script make or present the villain? That is important. If we see Maniram Dewan, Upaja Matir Sun, Brojen Baruah's role in Dr Bezbaruah those can be called villains.”
Surprisingly, the bad man on screen has never enacted any villainous roles in theatre.
On the present status of Assamese cinema
Assamese films might never have attained the rank of an ‘industry’ but most of the veterans cannot help but feel a pang of sadness at its present plight. Majid is no different. He sums up the present scenario succinctly when he says, “They are making films in the Assamese language but the films are not Assamese.”
“It's not that good films are not being made but the majority disappoint. You have to look at where you are. You have to look at who your audience is. There is too much emphasis on glamour without substance. Where is the glamour in Assam? Where is the glamour in the Assamese films? There is no need for it.”
Not too happy with the mobile theatre scenario in the state which he believes apes too much of the Hindi film industry he has some words of advice for them too. “If mobile theatre keeps on moving on at this rate one fine day suddenly it will collapse. When people become fed up of looking at all this they will stop paying them to watch it.”
Never one to sit idle, when he was not facing the camera, he was behind it producing immensely popular serials like Naamghoriya and Jor Puri Haat or directing culturally relevant documentaries like Puppet Dance of Assam, Azan Fakir, Bahadur Gaonburha, Music and dances of Goalpara, Rituals, Customs and culture of the Rabhas of Assam.
Today, more than 50 years after his first film, this doyen of Assamese cinema is still busy with acting in and directing projects. Still active he has just finished shooting for a film and is on the lookout for interesting scripts. For his contribution to Assamese cinema, this untiring servant of culture was given a lifetime achievement award in 2010 under the banner of Prag cine awards besides being awarded numerous times by the state government and other private organizations chief among them being the Bishnu Prasad Rabha award in 1986.
Click on the ‘play’ button below to listen to how he started his career.
http://tindeck.com/player/v1/player.swf?trackid=tzpa
“Give me a gun and I shall once again kill the corrupt. I am old but not old enough to be unable to shed my blood for the sake of my country”, says the 95 year old man.
No, the person in front of me is not suffering from delusions but is Umesh Chandra Dev Choudhury, the oldest surviving member(in Assam) of the Indian National Army(INA), Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose's grand machination to expel the British from India.
Serving as a havildar clerk (combatant) in the British army in 1941, Choudhury was trained at Peshawar and sent to fight on behalf of the British Army to Hongkong and then to Singapore. When the British lost, he became a Prisoner of War (POW) there. Freedom fighter, Ras Behari Bose, an ardent believer in extremism for freedom started gathering the POWs.
Recalling his association with the INA, Choudhury says, “In 1943, Netaji came to Singapore from Germany after meeting Hitler. He made us realize the ultimate cause of liberating India. I remember him calling us to sing anthems at the camp during evenings. I knew Bengali very well as I had passed engineering from Rajsahi (now in Bangladesh). Netaji was impressed with me and asked me to translate leaflets from Bengali into Assamese. The leaflets would be dropped by airplanes. It was one of the greatest days when Netaji recruited me to the Azad Hind Fauj.”
“Bengal used to be the hub of revolutionary activities and I was simmering with rage to liberate the country from the colonists. Netaji always told us that if we reached Chittagong than the British will be driven out in a humiliating manner.”
However that dream remained unfulfilled as the British recaptured Singapore and the INA members were deported back. At that time, the legal proceedings and the convictions were made under a three-fold system, White, Grey and Black. The whites were the ones who testified that their reason to join INA was due to poverty or need of money and they were given least punishments. The grey category was for those convicted for harbouring mild nationalistic feelings. The last category of ‘black' was for ones who were guided by feelings of liberation and extremism to the core and had joined the INA solely to win India's independence. This category was meted out the harshest punishment. Umesh Chandra Dev Choudhury was one amongst the 20,000 blacks.
In 1946, after serving a sentence at Multan Jail, (now in Pakistan) he came back to Assam in December with a certificate stating ‘Unfit to serve in British India' and was treated like an outcast. It took four more years after independence for the certificate to be revoked and in 1951 he was recognised as a freedom fighter.
Habits die hard. At the age of 95, his defiance and anger hasn't deserted him. “This is not the independence we fought for. It is painful for me to see our present bunch of so called leaders. Their day of reckoning will come soon,” he warns.
The beauty of simplicity
Mridula Barooah – the name evokes a vivid image of an alluringly beautiful village girl, the kind that you read about in story books and the girl every man fancies to take home to their mother. Setting many a heart aflutter with her looks and acting prowess, this beautiful lady was one of the few leading ladies of the small but purposeful Assamese film industry, from the late 70s and 80s, till the early nineties.
Early days
Hailing from the small town of Sootea, in Sonitpur district of Assam, the Barooah family comprising of six children and the parents moved to Biswanath Chariali. Her father, Jogendranath Barooah, was the ‘outdoor incharge’ at the Pratapgarh tea estate and it was from here that the young Mridula Barooah started her theatrical journey by acting in dramas in school.
Recalling her introduction to acting she says, “As a child, I and my siblings went to watch movies and films with child artists in them used to be a great source of observation for us. After coming back we would compete with each other to re-enact the scenes that we had seen.”
However, her initiation into acting came much later. “Due to varied reasons I didn’t act in school plays earlier than the 10th standard. I was a painfully shy girl and the school was in Sootea, which was quite far from my home at the Pratapgarh tea estate. However, when I was in the tenth standard I decided enough was enough and that year I took part in everything right from games to drama and won prizes too!”
It was here that she received the third prize in the drama competition, the first of many awards to follow.
Another stepping stone for her imminent film career was when she received the first prize at a state level drama competition (All Assam Surjya Bora Memorial one act play competition) when she was in college.
It was here amidst this culturally vibrant atmosphere that she was discovered by director/ actor Abdul Majid who had gone to enact a role in a movie. She was promptly signed up for her first film Upopath (opposite Pranjal Saikia) with Hemanta Dutta as director and Pramod Baruah as producer. In the meantime, actor Hiren Choudhury too, saw this young girl at work and told director Dwijendra Narayan Deb who was looking for new faces for his film, Moromi. Mridula Barooah was offered the title role and thus at the young age, she had two roles opposite leading stars of the day and was juggling college and films at the same time.
“I still don’t know how everything happened but it is all thanks to these people. Everybody was very nice and cooperative. They perhaps saw something in me and thus I was offered two roles in two films so quickly.” Although Upopath was her first signed film, Moromi was her first released film.
Unlike in many cases, there was no resistance towards her acting career on the part of her parents. “There was only one condition and that was to be good at whatever I did.” And she did more than ‘good’.
In 1979, came the film Megha Mukti, where she played the role of twin sisters (the first double role in Assamese films) which established her among the public but it was the twin super hits of Buwari and Kokadeuta, Nati aru Hati which did away with any remaining doubts as to her acting abilities and firmly cemented her place in the hearts of the people.
Success followed with films like Maa and Protima which incidentally were films with women centric roles, roles where many a time she had to essay characters older than her real age.
Reflecting on this she says, “The eighties was a very good era for Assamese films in all senses and maybe it was due to the society of the period that directors were focusing more on women centric roles. Today, of course, it’s a quite different scenario.”
In the nineties, when she was at her peak, however roles and films dried up due to unrest of secessionist groups and a general demise of production houses.
Although, it would be difficult for viewers to let go of the image of the sweet innocent rustic girl attached to her, she still essayed few different roles whenever she was offered one. In Hiya Diya Niya she essayed a negative role, in Dr Bhabendra Nath Saikia’s Kaal Sandhya , where she had a guest appearance; she played the character of an innocent woman who submits to the vagaries of fate and has shades of grey. Similarly her roles in Aborton, Itihaas and Gun Gun Gaane Gaane fetched her critical acclaim.
Today, she is quite content with the way things have panned out and her long journey from lead actress to a matriarchal guide on screen. “You do feel it when suddenly you realize one day that you are no longer going to be the leading lady but it is only momentary. Playing my own age is what gives me immense satisfaction now,” says Barooah.
Adding to her repertoire, she also turned producer in the early 2000s and produced serials for Doordarshan. She also produced documentaries for the state government.
Due to a persistent leg ailment she had to spend five years from 2007 to 2011 on the sidelines but now she is ready to face the lights again and has recently completed shooting for the film Bir Chilarai.
She is however hopeful that the good times of Assamese films would come back. “The new generation of artists is very talented and if they gain access to more resources they could definitely do a lot better.”
Things you did not know about her and a few memorable moments
She had an immense desire to be a teacher, a desire she nourishes till date.
Favourite actor – Amitabh Bachchan.
Favourite actress – Jaya Bachchan.
Favourite performance of her own – Protima, Itihas, Gungun Gaane, Ahir Bhairav.
Memorable moments in her own words
In the film, Shakuntala aru Shankar Joseph Ali, my character dies towards the end. My ‘body’ was carried through the streets of Guwahati on a mini truck. Now most people obviously didn’t know that it was not a real funeral procession and so many started paying their respects from a distance. The truck was just passing a city bus and it so happened that there was a young boy standing on the doorstep. The cameras were not rolling at the moment so I decided to open my eyes for a second. It was at that precise moment that the boy’s eyes and my eyes met as he was about to gesture as a mark of respect towards my ‘body’. To this day, I cannot forget the look on his face. I cannot describe that look. I guess it was a mix of terror and horror for him.
Brief bio-data
Birthday:
April 14
Awards:
(The list given is not the complete list but a brief representation)
Best actress for Kokadeuta, Nati aru Hati in 1984 awarded by Assam Silpi Samity
Best supporting actress for Maa in 1987, awarded by Eastern India Motion Pictures
Life time contribution to the Assamese film industry award in 2006 by Yotirupa, Assam
Assam state govt. award for best supporting actor in 2005
As a Producer:
Produced documentaries for Doordarshan.
Excerpt from Buwari:
The origin of Assamese Cinema can be traced back to the dreams and imagination of a revolutionary visionary, Rupkonwar Jyotiprasad Agarwala, who was also a distinguished poet, playwright, composer and freedom fighter. He was instrumental in the production of the first Assamese Film Joymati, under the banner of Critrakala Movietone. Due to the lack of trained technicians, Jyotiprasad, , had to shoulder the added responsibilities of the script writer, producer, director, choreographer, editor, set and costume designer, lyricist and music director while making his maiden film. The film, completed with a budget of Rupees sixty thousand was released on March 10th, 1935. It was the third Indian talkie to be released, a fact unknown to many. It is unfortunate that like so many early Indian films, the negatives and complete prints of Joymati are missing.
The film did not do well and Jyotiprasad Agarwala had to endure heavy losses. However, despite the failure of his venture, Jyotiprasad made another film after a lapse of two years titled Indramalati (1939). It was his second and last film. The eminent composer and singer of Assam Dr. Bhupen Hazarika, played a stellar role in the film.. With the passing away of Jyotiprasad, the Assamese film scenario witnessed a temporary lull for about a couple of years. But things changed with the onset of war, Taking advantage of this, the Late Rohini Kumar Baruah made a film on a relevant historical topic called Manomati (1941). It was followed by films like Parvati Baruah’s Rupahi (1946), Kamal Narayan choudhury’s Badan Barphukan (1947), Phani Sharma’s Siraj, Asit Sen’s Biplabi, Prabin Phukan’s Parghat and Suresh Goswami’s Runumi.
But the most remarkable film of the fifties was Piyali Phukan which went on to win a National award. In 1955, a new talent Nip Barua made his directorial debut with Smriti Paras. His subsequent films Mak Aaru Moram and Ranga Police bagged many state awards and a silver medal at the national level. Dr. Bhupen Hazarika also produced and directed his first film Era Batur Sur. Prabhat Mukherjee made a film on the universality of mother-hood, Puberan (1959),which was shown at the Berlin Film Festival. The next memorable production was Lachit Borphukan by Sarbeswar Chakraborty. Dr. Bhupen Hazarika made his unforgettable musical Shakuntala (1961) which proved equally successful with critics and the press. It also won a president’s award. Following this, a number of films began to be produced regularlyproduction and were released. These included Nip Barua’s Narakasur, Anil Choudhury’s Matri Swarga, Brojen Barua’s Itu Situ Bahuto and Mukta & Anwar Hussain’s Tejimala.
By the mid-sixties , film were produced regularly in Assam and 62 films were produced between 1935 to 1970. Besides the film makers already referred to, many others engaged in film making during the period included Pravin Sharma, Saila Barua, Abdul Mazid, Amar Pathak, Indukal Pattazarika, Diben Barua, Debkumar Basu, Amulya Manna, Gauri Barman, Atul Bardoloi, Sujit Singh, Nalin Duara and Prafulla Barua.
During the period of 1970-82 a total of 57 Assamese films were made. The emergence of new directors also bolstered the health of the fast maturing industry. Samarendra Narayan Deb’s Aranya (1970), Kamal Choudhury’s Bhaity (1972) the first colour film of Assam, Manoranjan Sur’s Uttaran (1973), Deuti Barua’s Bristi (1974) Pulok Gogoi’s Khoj (1974) Padam Barua’s Ganga Chilanir Pakhi (1976) and Dr. Bhabendranath Saikia’s Sandhya Rag (1977) and Atul Bordoloi’s Kollol (1978) are films worth – mentioning.
The outstanding directors of contemporary Assamese Cinema are Jahnu Baruah (Aparoopa, Papori, Haladhia Choraye Baodhan Khai, Banani, Firingoti, Hkhagoroloi Bohu Door) ; Sanjeev Hazarika (Haladhar, Meemanxa); Late Dr. Bhabendaranath Saikia (Anirbaan, Agnisnaan, Sarothi, Kolahol, Abartan, Itihaas, Kaal Sandhya) Dr. Santwana Bordoloi (Adajya) and Bidyut Chakraborty (Rag Birag). Their Films have won National and International Awards.
Assamese Classic Movies
Joymoti- The first Assamese movie- Joymoti, directed by Jyoti Prasad Agarwalla was released in the year 1935.
Rupahi- The fourth Assamese movie Rupahi, produced & directed by Parbati Prasad Baruva was released in 1946. Screenplay, dialogue, lyrics and even the music of the movie was composed by Baruva himself.
Siraj– Siraj is another remarkable Assamese movie- directed by Phani Sarmah. Siraj was the sixth Assamese movie released in 1948. The film speaks about the unity among the people of the Hindu and Muslim community. Bishnu Rabha and Phani Sarmah, inspired by the story named ‘Siraj’ written by Lakshidhar Sarmah prepared the screenplay and dialogue of the movie. The outdoor shots were taken around Tezpur, the indoors being shot in Kali Film studio, Kolkata. The lead role of Siraj was played by Phani Sarmah himself. Music was composed by Bishnu Rabha. Bhupen Hazarika and Shiva Bhattacharyya assisted him.
Era Bator Sur- Era Bator Sur was the first film of Dr. Bhupen Hazarika. The film was released in 1956. Dr. Bhupen Hazarika was then an active member of Indian people’s Theater Association and in the fifties almost all the workers of I. P. T. A. were influenced by the sorrow and happiness, struggle and hope of the common masses and associated themselves with the creative work related to folk music and culture of the common Assamese people. Era Bator Sur was also a result of one such effort. The story and the music of Era Bator Sur reflects the emotional upsurge of the people of that era. The theme of this movie was based on characters belonging to the tea labourers community of Assam. The exploitations carried out by one class of the society also finds importance in the movie. Dr. Bhupen Hazarika is also the music director of the movie. The cast of the movie includes Phani Sarmah, Bishnu Rabha, Balraj Sahni along with Bijoy Shankar, Iva Asau, Tassaduk Yusuf etc.
Puberun– The first Assamese film screened in an international Film Festival is Puberun. Directed by Prabhat Mukherjee of Kolkata and released in 1959, the film was screened in the ‘Berlin Film Festival’, 1960 and bought laurels to the state of Assam. The heroine of the movie Gyanada Kakoti was also present during the screening of the film in Berlin.
The story is based on mother-child relationship and the truth that every child of this world is equal. Another remarkable feature of this film is that Margaret Anderson from the London Dramatic school acted in this film. In the history of Assamese Cinema this was for the first time that an actress from England, acted in an Assamese film.
The role of the mother was played boldly by Gyanada Kakoti and against her was Tassaduck Yusuf. Music was by Tarikuddin Ahmed. Puberun won the President’s Award.
Saknoiya- Saknoiya is the only film directed by Soilo Baruah. The film was released in November, 1959. Story, screenplay and dialogue was written by Durgeswar Barthakur. The indoor shots of this movie took place in Indrapuri Studio, Kolkata. The editing of this film was also done in Kolkatta.
The story revolves round the emotions of two brothers, one a taxi driver and another a high official in a government office who marries a lady who would not agree to reside together with a taxi driver. The actors include Gyanada Kakoti, Bina Baruah, Tulsi Das, Sorbeswar Chakravarty, Bina Das, Soilo Baruah, Anil Das, Durgeswar Barthakur, Saityen Choudhury and others. Mukul Baruah was the music director.
Doctor Bezbaruah – Brojen Baruah’s Doctor Bezbaruah released in the year 1960, marked the beginning of success of so called commercial movies in Assamese Film industy. Following the footsteps of Doctor Bezbaruah directors / producers got encouragement to make commercially successful movies in later days of Assamese Cinema.
Though this film laid the base of the commercial value of a movie, yet it put a question mark on making movies based on the simple life of Assamese village folk.
Doctor Bezbaruah was the first Assamese thriller and for the first time the outdoor and indoor shooting took place in various locations of Assam.
Gonga Silonir Pakhi – Gonga Silonir Pakhi was directed and produced by Padum Baruah and released in 1976. The music was also composed by Padum Baruah himself. Renowned novelist Dr. Lakhinandan Bora wrote the main story and screenplay was by Padum Baruah. The story is based on the simple life of the villagers of Assam.
First in Assamese film
National and International Awards (Assamese Films):
National and International Awards (Director, Music director…)
Year
Name of Artist
Category
List of Awards
1975
Dr. Bhupen Hazarika
Best Music Director ("Chameli Memsaab")
National Award
1985
Dr. Bhabendra Nath Saikia
Best Screenplay
("Agnisnan")
National Award
1988
Indra Bania
Best Actor ("Haaladhiya Charaye Bowdhan Khaai")
Locarno International Film Festival
1990
Gautam Bora
Director’s Best Debut Film
("Woshbipo")
National Award- Indira Gandhi Award
1991
Moloya Goswami
Best Actress ("Firingati")
National Award
1993
Sanjeev Hazarika
Director’s Best Debut Film
("Haladhar")
National Award- Indira Gandhi Award
1995
Jahnu Barua
Best Director ("Sagaraloi
Bahu Door")
National Award
1995
Bishnu Khargharia
Best Actor ("Sagaraloi Bahu Door" )
Singapore International Film Festival
1996
Bidyut Chakraborty
Director’s Best Debut Film
("Raag Biraag")
National Award- Indira Gandhi Award
1996
Srikar Prasad
Best Editor ("Raag Biraag")
National Award
2003
Tarali Sharma
Best Playback Singer –
female ("Akashitarar
Kathare")
National Award
Article courtesy of Rupaliparda.
Uddhab Bharali is not just one of India’s best-known innovators, but also someone whose principles of non-corporatised assistance to low-income rural families has become legend. The bulk of his innovations are for people who cannot afford to buy the machinery. To these people, he gives away his machinery for free.
At a time when more and more people are leaving their homes in the Northeast to build their careers and lives abroad, hidden from the glitz and glamour of the big cities, far from sophisticated laboratories, one man toils away to make life easier for those amongst us who are less fortunate. Meet scientist, innovator and social entrepreneur Uddhab Bharali, a person whose seemingly innocuous innovations mask their tremendous utility.
With various award-winning designs such as the areca nut peeler, cement brick making machine, mini-CTC plant for small tea growers, cassava peeler and pomegranate de-seeder to his name, Uddhab Bharali is proof that inventions can be a tool for social service.
It is a pleasant afternoon and the sun is just beginning to go down for the day. A light breeze tickles the senses and the leaves of the neighbouring coconut tree.
The little man sitting in front of me is attentive as I put forward my questions. I ask him how he would define innovation. Suddenly, he stares at the coconut leaves and remarks, “Except for a safety pin and a zipper, we could innovate everything.The key to innovation lies in those coconut leaves too. Let me illustrate. Almost every rural household in Assam has a coconut tree and many people make a living by selling coconuts, but if there were a machine to process the leaves to make brooms out of them, this would add to the farmers’ existing income. This is innovation.”
It is this zeal that has led him to come up with 98 engineering devices which help make life easier and generate income for previously unemployed and low income households. “I am perhaps the only man in the world who can proudly claim that innovation is my profession,” smiles Bharali.
Bharali, originally from North Lakhimpur, has come a long way since the days of his first innovation in 1988 and, as is the scenario in most cases, he didn’t have it easy. “I had to repay a family loan of Rs 18 lakh and the bank was at my doorstep to take all our property. I was desperate,” he remembers. In those days, there was a great demand for polythene film-making plants which used to cost around Rs 5.7 lakh. Bharali had in his mind a design for a similar plant for much less. The bank agreed to lend him Rs 1 lakh. This was, he says, his only way to try and pay off the loan and save his family. He came up with a unit that cost only Rs 67,000. The product became a hit and there was no looking back for him after that. He realised that he could make a living as an innovator.
None of his innovations are for large-scale commercialisation. Instead, they are targeted at rural low-income households. He explains, “My designs are meant for people in need. Once upon a time I had nothing. I used to skip meals and sleep on an empty stomach. My innovations should mean something to those who are deprived. I am not here to strike business deals with huge corporate houses.”
Bharali charges nominal fixed sums of money from government and private parties as a consultant. But the bulk of his innovations are for people who cannot afford to buy the machinery. To these people, he gives away his machinery for free.
To keep the cost of the product down, he makes the design itself simple. Machines are usually built at the UKB Agrotech machine designing research centre, Bharali’s own institution, which he says is the only machine designing research centre in the country. “Earlier, all the machines were made at the centre only but nowadays, if it is a slightly larger device, the parts are made by different people in my home district and sent to UKB to be assembled.”
He carries forward that same zeal for innovation in teaching too by having a unique training scheme where, irrespective of one’s education, a three-month course is created for youngsters who are trained on the job by allowing them to assist his staff at the design centre. Departing from the usual practice of charging money for training, the students are instead given a stipend of Rs 1,000 and free medicines are provided to their families in times of need. This, according to Bharali is done to encourage the poor youth in the villages to come forth. However, this training comes at one cost, a self-enriching one at that. After the end of the three months, each trainee has to have acquired requisite knowledge to be able to earn Rs 2,000 from Bharali.
It is this attitude of thinking differently that has resulted in him getting recognition in the form of prestigious awards including the President’s Award for Innovation in 2009, Shristi Samman – Master Innovator Award by National Innovation Foundation, India, in 2007 and also the Meritorious Invention Award 2010 from the department of science and technology, government of India. He is also a nominee for ‘The Tech Award’ a program of Tech Museum, San Jose, California this year. He also found mention in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) journal in 2006 for his innovation of the pomegranate de-seeding machine. He was featured by Discovery channel in 2007, which he believes was responsible for some of his subsequent fame.
With so much fame and recognition, one would think that his dream would be to settle in a big city, but Bharali has shunned all glamour and is content working in his small hometown. He reasons, “See, it is very good to dream and the grass always looks greener on the other side but my philosophy is that, If I cannot local problems here, how can I even dream of solving the problems of the globe ? I think the environment where I work now is conducive to my creations. Had I been in a big city like Guwahati the glamour wouldn’t have let me work as much as I do now.”
Ninety-eight machines later, there are no signs of tiring. He is working on his dream project of building a mechanised toilet for the handicapped. He says, “The physically disabled in most cases have to remain dependent on a lot of things throughout life and in many cases for very private things like dressing, using the toilet and for feeding themselves. I would consider it to be my proudest moment as a human being if I could come up with an innovation in terms of a wheelchair which offers them all these benefits. The wheel chair will have a facility for automatic dressing and undressing of the person, attached toilet and flushing system. The chair is ready but I am still working on the certain aspects of this innovation.” He is trying to extract carbon from fly ash which is a problem for a client and also working on developing a rolling table for small tea growers. Two other future projects would be to remove iron and arsenic from drinking water in rural areas.
All of his innovations are registered with the National Innovation Foundation (NIF), an autonomous body of the department of science and technology, government of India. Right now, all the innovations are in the process of getting patented.
Bharali’s work and talent has been recognised in different prestigious academic institutions across the country and thus he is associated with the Rural Technological Action Group (RUTAG) of IIT, Guwahati. He is also a guest faculty at the Indian Institute of Entrepreneurship (IIE), Guwahati and a resource scholar to numerous schools and colleges in the state.
However, despite so much recognition, Bharali remains mindful of his humble origins and sees recognition as a means to connect to needy people. He says, “I have been fortunate enough to be recognised for my work. But today, I see recognition in a slightly different way. Recognition connects me to the needy and helps me to reach out to them.”
Inventiveness:
Among his innovations are the remi-recortication machine; areca nut peeler which has found customers in Indonesia and Ethiopia; cassava peeler which has been bought in Kenya, pomegranate de-seeder which has been exported to US and Turkey; garlic-peeling machine; tobacco-leaf cutter; paddy thresher; cane-stripping machine; brass utensil polishing machine; safed musli-peeling machine; jatropha de-seeder; mechanised weeding machine; passion fruit juice extractor; trench digger and a chopper for cattle and fisheries feed. He also designed a stevia pulveriser; multipurpose herbal dyer and passion fruit gel extractor.
With our very limited resources, we always strive to bring new things to you and, thus, for the first time on the internet, we bring you a short introduction to various spring festivals of Northeast India in one article. We are not above mistakes and, thus, if anyone notices any errors in terms of the information provided, kindly do write to us and we will rectify the same.
Spring festivals of Northeast India
Various groups of people belonging to different castes and tribes constitute what is known as the Northeast India and make it extremely rich in terms of arts and culture. There are more than 75 tribes and clans who speak more than 400 languages and dialects in this region. Although all the seven states of Manipur, Mizoram, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tripura and Arunachal are politically defined as separate states (Sikkim forming the eighth state now), despite the vast diversity, there some common cultural threads of unity that knit together the diversity. Maybe, that is why the seven states are known as seven sisters and Sikkim is called the brother.
Northeast India, blessed with nature’s bounty, becomes moist and beautiful with the advent of spring. Along with the advent of the New Year, this also marks the onset of the agricultural season. That is why this is the period when festivals and celebrations engulf the entire region. Although some start their celebrations a bit early and others start a bit late, the atmosphere and weather remains the same and also the purpose of celebrating are quite similar. It is observed that in some festivals the way of conducting them are also similar.
The agricultural festival celebrated in Assam to welcome the spring is known as Bihu. Irrespective of caste, creed, language and religion this is a festival that is revered among all and it can be called the state festival of Assam. Along with the Aryan people in Assam, the Tai, Bodo, Chutia (Tibeto-Burman), Austric, tea tribes and migrant Muslims also celebrate the festival with such fervour and gaiety that it even transcends the barrier of religion. By doing this, it is able to unite people irrespective of religious differences. Merriment, songs and dance, dresses and ornaments, musical instruments and different cuisines make it the most colourful festival of Assam. Bihu begins in the middle of the months of Sot and Bohag (mid-April). Bihu continues for seven days starting from the day of Dumahi and under the names of Goru Bihu, Manuh Bihu, Saat Bihu, Senehi Bihu, Maiki Bihu, Rongali Bihu and Chera Bihu. The day before Dumahi is called Uruka. The start and end of the festival differs according to the community and place. The tribes of Bodos, Deuris, Lalungs (tiwa), Rabha, Mising, Dimasa, Tai, Garo and others also celebrate spring time festivals like Bihu. The Bodos call it Baisagu, the Deuris call it Bisu, Tais call it Boihu or Bihu, Dimasas call it Bushu, Rabhas call it Baikhu and the Garos call it Rongasugala. Most tribes’ spring festivals, like Bihu, start from the first Wednesday of the month of Bohag, since Wednesday is considered to be a very holy day.
The Bodos of the Mongoloid origins celebrate the seven day long colourful Baisagu festival. Along with welcoming the New Year, they also start cultivation.
The Misings celebrate the Ali Aye Ligang festival. The word ‘Ali’ means ‘seeds’, ‘Aye’ means ‘fruits’ and ‘Ligang’ means ‘sowing’. As with many other festivals in Northeast India prayer, dance and feasting are integral parts of the festival. The festival starts on the day of sowing of Aahu (upland rice) and Bau (deep water rice) paddy. Starting on the first day of the month of Fagun (February), the festival continues for five days. Playing the instruments like Dhol, Pepa, Gogana, Borkah, taal, the youth celebrate and perform the Gumrag dance. In order to pray for a prosperous new year, they remember their ancestors and the nature god Donyi Polo (sun and moon).
Similarly, the Dimasas, celebrate the Bushu festival in the mid of Fagun and Sot month.
Rabhas celebrate the Baikhu festival before starting their cultivation in spring. In this festival, they worship the god Baikhu, to make the earth fertile. The Rabha youth sing sathar songs to stimulate nature.
The Tai Buddhists living in the plains of Assam also celebrate Poiu Chang Ken (the water splashing festival). Tai khamti, Tai Phake, Tai Aiton, Tai Turung and Tai Khamyangs celebrate this festival. In observance of this festival, they perform ablutions on the statue of Buddha after bringing it outside the temples. The youth express joy and celebrate by throwing water and mud on each other.
Tribes of Arunachal, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram and Meghalaya also celebrate spring festivals. The Nocte, Tangsa and Tutsa tribes from the Tirap district of Arunachal Pradesh celebrate a festival called Loku which is celebrated three times in a year. The Loku which they celebrate during spring is called Kap Khut Loku. During this festival they celebrate by consuming the meat of pigs and chicken and sing and dance to the beats of drums, flutes and other musical instruments. During this time, the Tangsa and Tutsas celebrate Loku by singing songs with erotic undertones. These songs are also a means of expressing their emotions. The Wangchos and Konyak tribes of Nagaland also celebrate this kind of festival just before sowing of Aahu dhan in the month of Fagun and Sot (March- April).
Christianity and modernity has greatly influenced the tribes like the Ao, Angami, Lotha, Sema and other major tribes of Nagaland and because of that there is a gradual decrease in the observance of their rites, rituals, festivals and celebrations. But despite these external influences, they have tried to preserve their culture. Tsungrem Mong and Moatsu are two agricultural spring festivals of the Aos. The Angami Nagas celebrate a ten day festival in the month of February called Sekrenyi. The festival is celebrated after harvesting and falls on the 25th day of the Angami month of Kezei. Angamis cut steppes on the sides of the hill to cultivate their crops. In the month of April, they thresh the crops and celebrate the Ngyui festival. The Sema nagas celebrate their spring festival once they hear the voice of the koel bird. Aoling is a 6-day festival observed by the Konyaks after the completion of sowing. It marks the end of the winter, the beginning of spring and the New Year. The Shishu festival of the Rengmas is also a spring time agricultural festival. The Sangtam nagas spring festival, Nyitsumu is also celebrated for three days which has a similarity with the sowing festival of Misings known as Ali Aye Ligang. Nazu is another 10 day long festival celebrated by the Pochury tribe of Nagaland in February prior to the sowing of seeds to bid farewell to the old year and welcome the New Year. The Tanghkhul Nagas also have a sowing festival to celebrate the feel of the spring. Mao, Kobbui and other naga communities also have their spring festivals.
The Mizos and the Lushais also have the festival of Chapchar where dance and songs take precedence. The Meitis of Manipur also have a festival to welcome the New Year and spring called Soirua.
The Syiem community of Khasis of Meghalaya also celebrate the Nongkrem festival for five days within the months of May, June and July.
Arunachal Pradesh is a melting pot of varied and colourful cultures. Each of the tribes living in Arunachal has their own distinct culture. Monpa, Sherdukpen and other Buddhist communities celebrate Buddha purnima (birthday of Buddha) during spring. The Khamtis and Singhpos also celebrate similar festivals. These festivals are however basically religious festivals. The Mopin festival of the Galo Adis also bears resemblance to the Bohag Bihu of Assam in terms of organization and objective. Adis also celebrate Aam Dorung and Aam Dangdorun festivals with gaiety and merriment. The Mloku festival of Apatanis is also a similar festival.
In this way, we see that the entire Northeast India celebrates varied and colourful spring festivals. In many of them, similarity of character is seen in terms of welcoming the New Year and their agricultural character. This has helped to foster a spirit of unity in diversity in the culture of this region. Commonness can be seen even in the distinct instruments, clothes, food, ornaments, rituals and rites of the different communities.
A very brief overview of the various festivals of Northeast India is sought to be given here and there is a need for more research and studies regarding this aspect of the culture. In this area fertile with cultural richness, the field of research is still a virgin territory.
Translated from Assamese by Rupkamal Sarma
Post photo by Arindam Talukdar
Long before scripted drama came into existence; man had started using puppets to convey varied messages. Puppets seem to have existed since time immemorial in civilizations across the globe. According to the Encyclopaedia Britannica, in Europe, the written records for use of puppets go back to the 5th century B.C. whereas in Asia there are ancient traditions of puppet theatre, the origin of which cannot be determined.
India has an ancient tradition of puppet theatre which can be traced back to the time of the civilizations at Harappa and Mohenjodaro.
Although there are other types of puppetry in India, string puppetry is common to India and is practiced in the states of Rajasthan, Kerala, Karnataka, West Bengal, Assam, Orissa, Tripura, Manipur, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh.
In Manipur, art and culture are not merely entertainment or decoration but also a form of religious expression given the deep roots of the people in vaishnavism.
Two types of puppets have been prevalent in Manipur since ages – string and rod. The themes for puppet theatre are mostly based on myths and legends and stories from the epics.
Puppet dance has a separate name of its own in Manipur: Laithibi Jagoi (Laithibi meaning doll and Jagoi meaning dance). The traditional string puppet of Manipur is known as ‘Hang- Lai Jagoi’ and is colourfully dressed and highly stylized.
The themes of puppets are based on the stories of Radha and Lord Krishna. In Manipur, the puppeteer plays with Mridanga and Khon-Pung. The delivery of dialogues, the movements of the puppet and the musicians are very well synchronized. String puppetry, resembling human or divine figures, is performed at Rasleela, whereas puppet-shows with animal and demonic forms are performed during Gostha Leela.
Puppetry in Manipur and its implementation
It is said that the art of puppetry was introduced in Manipur during the reign of Maharaj Chandrakriti Singh (1850-1886) in Goura-Leela under the supervision of Oja Ngangbam Mala Singh of Uripok, Imphal. Although, it may be mentioned here that puppet theatre in Manipur is said to be even older than human theatre. According to Late Guru Kongrailatpam Madangopal Sharma of Uripok Tera, Imphal, one of the pioneer puppeteers of Manipur, puppets were used after the Nipa Pala and just before the start of Goura-Leela as pungyeiba (Mridanga player), Tanyeiba (percussion music player) and dancer (puppet dancer) in the Goura-Leela performance. In this way, puppetry in Manipur was first introduced through the Goura-Leela.
This form of puppet theatre is based on the life and works of Gauranga Mahaprabhu, a passionate devotee of Lord Krishna, who lived in Nadia region of West Bengal. Mahaprabhu, who sang praises of God and propagated Bhakti Yoga, is revered by many Hindus in Bengal and Manipur as a reincarnation of Lord Vishnu.
There are also records of Shri Ngangbam Udhop Singh, the exponent of modern Manipuri puppetry performing before foreign dignitaries in Calcutta (Kolkata) during the reign of Maharaja Sir Shurachandra Singh (CBE).
The puppeteers sit on an elevated platform and a black screen is hung from the floor of the platform to the stage where the puppets are put. The puppets are lowered to the stage and moved around with the aid of black strings which are not visible due to the black screen in the background.
Today, with much more flashier modern distractions at hand, it is a struggle to keep puppetry alive in Manipur as Gurumayum Jadu Sharma would say. The founder of the Moppet Decoration and Cultural Centre, Manipur the only puppetry centre in the state, he hopes that future generations would take up puppetry.
It is with this hope that he has also passed down his skills with the strings to his son, Basanta Sharma.
“It is an expensive art. From making the puppets to organizing the shows, we have to spend money on everything. Financial aid is almost negligible”, says Basanta Sharma.
Puppets tell stories and convey tales. They connect us with a simpler time of the past and carry messages for the present. They are catalysts for social change. If they die, some stories also die along with them and it is stories that keep us alive. Hopefully some concerned people will wake up to the need of preservation of this art form soon before it is too late.
All photos by the author.
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[] |
[] |
[
"Moloya Goswami",
"Moloya Goswami news",
"Moloya Goswami Biography",
"Moloya Goswami profile",
"Moloya Goswami award list",
"Moloya Goswami Filmography",
"Moloya Goswami photos",
"Moloya Goswami videos",
"Moloya Goswami blog"
] | null |
[
"Pooja Darade",
"Video Desk"
] | null |
Moloya Goswami Get latest news, photos, videos, awards, filmography, biography of Moloya Goswami on Bollywoodlife.com. Also get latest gossip about Moloya Goswami, bollywood news, Moloya Goswami photos and videos.
|
en
|
https://www.bollywoodlife.com/celeb/moloya-goswami/
|
Moloya goswami (assamese: ????? ????????) is a popular actress from assam, india. she was the first assamese actress to win the national film award for best actress for her performance in the assam
Moloya goswami (assamese: ????? ????????) is a popular actress from assam, india. she was the first assamese actress to win the national film award for best actress for her performance in the assamese film firingoti (1992).
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https://www.academia.edu/42238059/Portrayal_of_Muliebrity_in_Assamese_Cinema_A_Semiotic_Analysis_of_the_Films_of_Dr_Bhabendra_Nath_Saikia
|
en
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Portrayal of Muliebrity in Assamese Cinema: A Semiotic Analysis of the Films of Dr. Bhabendra Nath Saikia
|
http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif
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http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif
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[] |
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[
""
] | null |
[
"Ankuran Dutta",
"Shabnam Shahin",
"gauhati.academia.edu"
] |
2020-03-16T00:00:00
|
Citation- [APA-Shahin, S., & Dutta, A. (2019, September). Portrayal of Muliebrity in Assamese Cinema: A Semiotic Analysis of the Films of Dr. Bhabendra Nath Saikia. Communication Today, 23(3), 132-143. MLA- Shahin, Shabnam, and Ankuran Dutta.
|
https://www.academia.edu/42238059/Portrayal_of_Muliebrity_in_Assamese_Cinema_A_Semiotic_Analysis_of_the_Films_of_Dr_Bhabendra_Nath_Saikia
|
Citation- [APA-Shahin, S., & Dutta, A. (2019, September). Portrayal of Muliebrity in Assamese Cinema: A Semiotic Analysis of the Films of Dr. Bhabendra Nath Saikia. Communication Today, 23(3), 132-143. MLA- Shahin, Shabnam, and Ankuran Dutta. "Portrayal of Muliebrity in Assamese Cinema: A Semiotic Analysis of the Films of Dr. Bhabendra Nath Saikia." Communication Today, vol. 23, no. 3, Sept. 2019, pp. 132-143.] Dr. Bhabendra Nath Saikia is a noted film maker of modern India, who has a special style of portraying femininity in his films. In most of the films by Dr. Bhabendra Nath Saikia, there are a few prominent characters, but still the female characters in the selected films stand out as strong role model of muliebrity as well as woman empowerment. This study is an attempt to understand the role portrayed by each of the female characters in the selected film of Dr. Bhabendra Nath Saikia with the help of semiotic analysis. How each character though different from each other, under different circumstances abiding by the norms of the society portrays strong stand out roles and depicts true meaning of empowerment. Dr. Saikia’s three films “Sandhya Raag”, “Agnisnan” and “Kolahol” are taken as the subject for this study. The study is based on the idea that these films which were made in the late 1970’s and early 1980’s had such strong and bold women characters and how well has Dr. Bhabendra Nath Saikia being able to uphold these characters through his cinematic creations. Content analysis of the selected films and the semiotic analysis of the characters are being done for the data analysis purpose of the study.
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8571
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dbpedia
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| 14 |
http://onlinesivasagar.com/movies/malaya-goswami.html
|
en
|
Assamese Actress, famous, popular, veteran,Moloya
|
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"moloya",
"goswami",
"assam",
"assamese",
"film",
"actress",
"movies",
"cinema"
] | null |
[] | null |
Moloya Goswami is a well known name in
Assamese film Industry for decades...
| null |
Malaya Goswami has mesmerized Assamese movie fans even in her debut film. She has never looked back since her first movie and made Assamese film community proud by bringing the first National Award by Assamese actress into the state.
Malaya Goswami in an Interview
Malaya Goswami was born in Dibrugarh in Rajkhowa family of Sivasagar. Her father Kailash Rajkhowa was an engineer in Assam Electricity Board and used to transfer from one place to other due to work responsibilities. But Malaya and her sister stayed all of their school years in Nagaon. After her matriculation from Nagaon Girls' High School she came down to Guwahati. She completed her graduation from Handique College and completed her master degree from Guwahati University. Malaya was very active in sport during her college days and got selected even for the first women's Hockey team from Assam. After her education, she took teaching as her profession. Initially she worked in Sonari College for few years and then joined Jagiroad college in 1983.
In 1981, Malaya married Pradip Goswami, whois also an engineer in Assam State Electricity Board like her father. Her husband was a source of great inspiration towards her acting career. Her debut film was from the great Assamese Film maker Late Dr. Bhabendra Nath Saikia in 1987. The movie named 'Agnisnaan' was based on Saikia's famouis novel 'Antareep'. In the movie Malaya Goswami had the main role as 'Menaka'. Her on screen personality and gravity immediately caught attention assamese film industry. Even she just missed the best actress award with slight margin.
In 1992, Malaya Goswami acted in her second movie 'Firingoti', directed by another great film maker of Assam Jahnu Baruah. She played the role a lady who overcomes personal trauma and dedicate her life for the education of a village. This film bagged her the the most prestigious National "Rajat Kamal" award for best actress in the year 1992.
There was no looking back for Malaya Goswami after these couple of movies. "Uttarkaal", Maa", "I Killed Him Sir", "Aasene Konoba Hiyaat", "Sesh Upahaar",etc are few of the other movie she has acted. Her on screen personality always bagged her very decent Assamese films. She also acted in various popular TV serials like "Writu aahe writu jaai". She has acted agaiinst all veteran directors and actors of Assam. Her strong voice also attracted All India Radio to give her chance in more than 40 radio plays. Malaya Goswami has also made a mark in poetry recitation of great poets like Nabakanta Baruah, Jyotiprasad Agarwalla. She is also involved in various stage plays and has won critics words.
Malaya Goswami has been awarded with "Joymoti Award" and also "Best TV Actress" for "Writu aahe writu jaai".
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0
| 16 |
https://edurev.in/test/51355/Assam-Police-Constable-Mock-Test-1
|
en
|
1 Free MCQ Practice Test with Solutions
|
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[
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"Test",
"Assam",
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] | null |
[] | null |
Attempt Assam Police Constable Mock Test - 1 - 58 questions in 120 minutes - Mock test for Assam Police Constable preparation - Free important questions MCQ to study for Assam Police Constable Exam - Download free PDF with solutions
|
en
|
EDUREV.IN
|
https://edurev.in/test/51355/Assam-Police-Constable-Mock-Test-1
|
From the common explanation, we get C sits opposite to F.
Hence, Option C is correct.
Common Explanation:
References:
One person sits between A and C, who sits second to the right of H.
G sits opposite to B.
Both G and B do not sit immediate left of H.
Inferences:
From the above reference, we get two different cases:
References:
D sits second to the left of B.
A doesn’t sit beside D.
E doesn’t face C.
Inferences:
From the above reference, case 1 will be eliminated because A doesn’t sit beside of D.
So, the final arrangement:
From the common explanation, we can say that H sits 3rd to the left of the one who sits opposite to D.
Hence, Option B is correct.
Common Explanation:
References:
One person sits between A and C, who sits second to the right of H.
G sits opposite to B.
Both G and B do not sit immediate left of H.
Inferences:
From the above reference, we get two different cases:
References:
D sits second to the left of B.
A doesn’t sit beside D.
E doesn’t face C.
Inferences:
From the above reference, case 1 will be eliminated because A doesn’t sit beside of D.
So, the final arrangement:
Answer : The word that is different from the rest is: B: Swan
Reasons:
- Size: Swans are significantly larger than sparrows, parrots, and koels.
- Habitat: While the other birds (sparrow, parrot, and koel) are primarily found in various terrestrial environments, swans are mainly found in aquatic habitats such as lakes, ponds, and rivers.
- Behavior: Swans are known for their elegance and unique mating rituals (such as the famous "swan dance"), which are not seen in the other mentioned birds.
- Body Structure: Swans have long, curved necks, and their bodies are streamlined for swimming, whereas the other birds have shorter necks and are primarily adapted for perching or flying.Swan is the only water bird in the group.
According to the information given in the question, we can draw the following diagram.
Thus we can see if a man has to travel to point E from point A (through these points by the shortest distance), he has to follow a path point A → B → F → E.
Thus travelling from point A, he will pass the first point B.
Hence, the correct answer is "Point B".
From the common explanation, we get the position of O is 3rd to the left of M.
Hence, Option B is correct.
Final Arrangement:
Common Explanation:
References:
J sits fourth to the right of O and N sits second to the left of J.
Only H sits between J and G.
Inferences:
From the above references, we get
References:
Only D sits between G and C
G is not an immediate neighbour of J but fifth to the right of I.
M, who sits exactly in the middle, is second to the right of I.
Five persons sit between L and J.
Inferences:
From the above references, we get
References:
E is not an immediate neighbour of N.
Inferences:
From the above reference, we get the final arrangement:
The correct option is Option B.
Japan is an island country in East Asia located in the northwest Pacific Ocean. It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south.
New Zealand is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island (Te Ika-a-Māui) and the South Island (Te Waipounamu)—and around 600 smaller islands, covering a total area of 268,021 square kilometres (103,500 sq mi). New Zealand is about 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and 1,000 kilometres (600 mi) south of the islands of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga.
Known as Ceylon until 1972, Sri Lanka is an independent island nation located in the Indian Ocean just southeast of the tip of the Indian subcontinent.
The Indian subcontinent is a peninsula, the only land feature in the world widely recognized as a subcontinent in the English language
Five persons A,B,C,D and E are sitting one above the other on a ladder (not necessarily in the same order).
1) B is sitting above A with one person between them.
2) Only two persons are sitting between A and C. If C is not sitting top, the figure are given below -
In which there is two case in which first one is -
Second case are given below -
After observation of both cases, B is the sitting in the middle.
Hence, "B" is the correct answer.
From the final arrangement, we can say that Q sits second to the right of the one who sits opposite to R.
Hence, Option C is correct.
References:
Q sits second to the right of P.
Inferences:
From the above reference, we get two different cases:
In case 1, P sits at the corner or in the middle of the side of the table.
References:
R is not an immediate neighbor of P.
R faces inside.
R sits third to the left of W.
Inferences:
From the above references, we get different cases for R, in case 1(a) in which R faces P and in case 1(b) R faces Q.
References:
T sits third to the left of U.
V sits second to the left of U.
Inferences:
So, from this case 1(b) and case 2 will be eliminated as there is no possible place for V in these cases after placing U and T. Hence, we get our final arrangement in which S sits on the immediate left of P and V sits on the immediate right of R.
Final arrangement:
From Statement 1:
H sits to the immediate right of D.
Two persons sit between D and F.
A is an immediate neighbour of M, who sits to the immediate right of F.
So, H sits to the immediate left of N.
The data in Statement I alone is sufficient to answer the question.
From Statement 2:
F and N are immediate neighbours and M sits immediate right of F.
A sits third to the left of N.
Here, we can not determine who sits immediate left of N.
Hence, option A is the correct answer.
A. Rapid improvement in technology has been one major factor that has enabled the globalisation process.
B. Improvement in information technology has played a major role in spreading out production of services across countries. Telecommun ication facilities are used to contact one another around the world to access info rmation instantly and to communicate from remote areas.
C. Improvement in transportation has made possible muc h faster delivery of goods across long distances at low cost.
D. Due to the pressure of WTO many developing countrie s have removed many of the trade barriers to foreign trade and investment and thus promoted and facilitate the globalisation.
E. Multilateral trade agreement has promoted foreign t rade and free flow of investments.
Explanation: A globe is a three-dimensional representation of the Earth, and it does not represent the Earth on a flat surface. The other options are limitations of the globe. The distortion is seen in the regions around the poles; details are given in the form of symbols, and it is difficult to study the detailed part of the Earth on a globe due to its small size and scale.
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek was a Dutch scientist who is credited with being the first person to observe and describe microorganisms using a microscope. He made his microscopes, which were far more powerful than any that had been made before. Van Leeuwenhoek's discoveries revolutionized our understanding of the microscopic world and laid the foundation for the field of microbiology.
All 6,650 villages in Jammu and Kashmir have achieved Open Defecation Free Plus Model status, making it the first union territory in India to do so. This is a significant achievement, as it means that all villagers now have access to safe and sanitary toilets and that greywater and solid waste are being managed effectively.
For the first blank, ‘problem’ and ‘with the population explosion’ hold the context of the sentence as population is shown as a problem and the word which fits here is 'compounded' as it means ‘mixed or combined’.
This eliminates all other options.
Also, for the second blank, ‘by this policy’ is enough to tell the usage of 'addressed' as it means ‘discussed’ and completes the sentence by all means.
Meanings of the given words:
Projected (Verb): to forecast or predict.
Discussed (Verb): to talk about.
Threatened (Verb): to cause or make someone to be at risk.
Manifested (Verb): to show or display.
Dispensed (Verb): to distribute.
Acknowledged (Verb): accept the existence of truth.
Compounded (Verb): to mix or combine.
Addressed (Adjective): greet or salute or discussed.
So, the correct option is D.
According to the given context, it is clear that we are talking about the workers who are working tirelessly to finish an order since very little time is there for the company to get over with it.
A steal: A bargain that is very inexpensive
Against the clock: Rushed and short on time
All and sundry: Without making any distinction
Add fuel to the fire: Whenever something is done in order to make a bad situation worse
According to the given context, we can use option B in the blank here to express that the workers in the company are working very fast and tirelessly to deliver the order on time.
This makes option B the correct choice among the given options.
The sentence "They will have completed the work by the time we get there" in the Active Voice can be transformed into the Passive Voice as:
A. The work will have been completed by the time we get there.
This option accurately represents the original sentence in the Passive Voice, maintaining its intended meaning.
Let us first learn the meanings of the given words:
Crucially (adverb): with decisive or vital importance.
Significant (adjective): sufficiently great or important to be worthy of attention.
Petty (adjective): of little importance.
The sentence implies that a large portion of the hospital bills was out of insurance coverage, thus ‘petty’ is contradictory. The use of ‘crucially’ is grammatically inapt as we need an adjective to qualify noun ‘portion’. The use of ‘obvious’ is contextually weak. Only ‘significant’ fits the blank grammatically and contextually.
Hence, option C is correct.
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https://amon.in/question/5567-moloya-goswami-wins-the-national-film-award-for-best-actress-in-the-assamese-film
|
en
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Q: Moloya Goswami wins the National Film Award for Best Actress in the Assamese film __
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
/favicon.ico
| null |
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68 winners avoid National Film Awards ceremony as Prez felicitates 11 recipients only
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"Mumbai",
"May 3 (IBNS): A severe controversy broke over the National Film Awards as more than 68 winners boycotted the ceremony on Friday with President Ram Nath Kovind felicitating only 11 winners out of the total 137 recipients",
"media reports said."
] | null |
[
"India Blooms News Service"
] | null |
Mumbai, May 3 (IBNS): A severe controversy broke over the National Film Awards as more than 68 winners boycotted the ceremony on Friday with President Ram Nath Kovind felicitating only 11 winners out of the total 137 recipients, media reports said.
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Indiablooms.com
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https://www.indiablooms.com/showbiz-details/B/9245/68-winners-avoid-national-film-awards-ceremony-as-prez-felicitates-11-recipients-only.html
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The 65th National Film Awards ceremony was held at the Vigyan Bhawan in New Delhi on Thursday.
Over 60 awardees wrote an open letter to the President expressing their disappointment after it was announced that Kovind would not present all the awards.
Reacting to this, President’s press secretary, Ashok Malik, stated: “President attends all award functions and convocations for a maximum of one hour. This has been the protocol since he took office. It was conveyed to Information and Broadcasting Ministry several weeks ago and the ministry knew this all along. Rashtrapati Bhavan is surprised by the 11th hour questions that have been raised.”
Union Information and Broadcasting Minister Smriti Irani and Minister of State Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore conferred rest of the awardes.
Several celebrities took it to Twitter to express their dissent.
Producer Manish Mundra, whose film Newton has won the National Award for best Hindi film, wrote:
Oscar-winning sound artiste Resul Pookutty tweeted:
Filmmaker Rahul Dholakia, who had previously won National Award for his film Parzania, wrote:
This year, departed star Sridevi was adjudged best actress for her film Mom while Newton was declared best Hindi film.
Assamese film, Village Rockstars was adjudged the best film.
The award for best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment went to Baahubali 2 (Telugu). Bahubali 2 also got the award for special effects. Special jury award goes to Bengali film Nagarkirtan
The awards for best Playback Singer under female and male categories went respectively to Sasha Trupati (Vaan) and Yesudas.
Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film for National Integration went to Marathi film, Dhappa, while the best original screenplay isThondimuthalum Driksakshiyum.
Best Adapted Screenplay award goes to Malayalam film, Bhayanakam. The same film won Best Cinematography as well.
The honour for best supporting actor went to Fahad Fazil for Thondimuthalum Driksakshiyum while Divya Dutta is the best supporting actress.
Riddhi Sen was declared best actor for his portrayal in the film.
Pankaj Tripathi got a special mention for Newton at National Film Awards. In the same category, Marathi Film, Morkhya; Oriya Film, HelloRC and Malayalam actor Parvathy, forTake Off were also awarded.
Headed by Shekhar Kapoor, a 10-member jury panel decided the awardees.
The members of the panel, among others, are screenwriter Imtiaz Hussain, lyricist Mehboob, actress Gautami Tadimalla, Kannada director P Sheshadri, Aniruddha Roy Chowdhury, Ranjit Das, Rajesh Mapuskar, Tripurari Sharma and Rumi Jaffrey.
Chairman of the jury of national film awards Shekhar Kapoor said he is surprised by the Standard of regional cinema in India.
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National Film Award for Best Actress
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Film_Award_for_Best_Actress
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Film award
National Film Award for Best ActressAwarded forBest Performance by an Actress in a Leading RoleSponsored byDirectorate of Film FestivalsFormerly calledUrvashi Award (1967–1973)Reward(s)
Rajat Kamal (Silver Lotus)
₹50,000 (US$600)
First awarded1967Last awarded2023Most recent winnerNithya Menen for Thiruchitrambalam and Manasi Parekh for Kutch ExpressHighlightsMost awardsShabana Azmi
(5 awards)Total awarded56First winnerNargis DuttWebsitehttp://dff.nic.in/NFA.aspx
The National Film Award for Best Actress (officially known as the Rajat Kamal Award for the Best Actress) is an honour presented annually at the National Film Awards of India since 1968 to an actress for the best performance in a leading role within the Indian film industry.[1][2] The National Film Awards were called the "State Awards for Films" when established in 1954. The State Awards instituted the "Best Actress" category in 1968 as the "Urvashi Award for the Best Actress";[1][3][4] in 1975, the "Urvashi Award" was renamed as the "Rajat Kamal Award for the Best Actress". Throughout the years, accounting for ties and repeat winners, the Government of India has presented a total of 56 Best Actress awards to 45 different actresses.
Until 1974, winners of the National Film Award received a figurine and certificate; since 1975, they have been awarded with a "Rajat Kamal" (silver lotus), certificate and a cash prize that amounted to ₹50,000 (US$600) in 2012.[3] Although the Indian film industry produces films in more than 20 languages and dialects,[5] the actresses whose performances have won awards have worked in ten major languages: Hindi (22 awards), Bengali (7 awards), Tamil (7 awards), Malayalam (6 awards), Telugu (4 awards), Kannada (3 awards), English (3 awards), Marathi (2 awards), Assamese (one award) and Urdu (one award).
The first recipient was Nargis Dutt from Bollywood, who was honoured at the 15th National Film Awards (1967) for her performance in Raat Aur Din.[6] The actress who won the most Rajat Kamal awards is Shabana Azmi with five wins,[7] followed by Sharada and Kangana Ranaut with three wins. As of 2021, four actresses—Smita Patil, Archana, Shobana, and Tabu who have won the award two times. Sharada, Archana and Shobana are the only three actresses to get the award for performing in two different languages. Sharada was bestowed with the awards for her performances in two Malayalam films: Thulabharam and Swayamvaram in 1968 and 1972 respectively, and in 1978 for the Telugu film Nimajjanam. Archana was first honoured in 1987 for the Tamil film Veedu and was awarded for the second time in 1988 for the Telugu film Daasi. Shobana received her first award for the Malayalam film Manichitrathazhu in 1993, and her second for the English film Mitr, My Friend in 2001. As of 2020, the late Monisha Unni remains the youngest recipient of the honour; she was awarded for the Malayalam film Nakhakshathangal in 1986 when she was 16.[8][9] Indrani Haldar and Rituparna Sengupta are the only two actresses to be honoured for the same film—Dahan. Kangana Ranaut is the only actress to be honoured for her performance in two different films (Manikarnika: The Queen of Jhansi and Panga) in the same year. Sridevi is the only actress who was honoured posthumously for her performance in Mom (2017).[10] The most recent recipient are Nithya Menen and Manasi Parekh, who were honoured at the 70th National Film Awards for their performances in the 2022 Tamil film Thiruchitrambalam and the 2022 Gujarati film Kutch Express respectively.
Key
[edit]
Symbol Meaning Year Indicates the year in which the film was censored by the Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) † Indicates a joint award for that year ‡ Indicates that the winner won the award for two performances in that year
Recipients
[edit]
With five wins, Shabana Azmi is the most awarded actor in this category. She is also the actress with most consecutive wins (3).
Kangana Ranaut has won the award three times. She is the only actress to be honoured for two different films in a same year.
List of award recipients, showing the year, role(s), film(s) and language(s) Year[a] Photo Recipient(s) Role(s) Work(s) Language(s) Refs.[b] 1967
(15th) Nargis Dutt Varuna / Peggy [c] Raat Aur Din Hindi [12][13] 1968
(16th) Sharada Vijaya Thulabharam Malayalam [14][15] 1969
(17th) Madhabi Mukherjee Supriya Dibratrir Kabya Bengali [16] 1970
(18th) Rehana Sultan Salma Ahmed Dastak Hindi [16][17] 1971
(19th) Waheeda Rehman Reshma Reshma Aur Shera Hindi [18] 1972
(20th)
Sharada Sita Swayamvaram Malayalam [19][20] 1973
(21st) Nandini Bhaktavatsala Kamali Kaadu Kannada [3][21] 1974
(22nd) Shabana Azmi Lakshmi Ankur Hindi [4] 1975
(23rd) Sharmila Tagore Chanda Thapa,
Kajli [d] Mausam [23][24] 1976
(24th) Lakshmi Ganga Sila Nerangalil Sila Manithargal Tamil [25] 1977
(25th) Smita Patil Urvashi / Usha [e] Bhumika Hindi [26][27] 1978
(26th) Sharada Bharathi Nimajjanam Telugu [28] 1979
(27th) Shoba Kuppamma Pasi Tamil [29][30] 1980
(28th) Smita Patil Amma Chakra Hindi [31] 1981
(29th) Rekha Amiran (Umrao Jaan) [f] Umrao Jaan Urdu [33] 1982
(30th) Shabana Azmi Pooja Inder Malhotra Arth Hindi [34][35] 1983
(31st) Shabana Azmi Jamini Khandhar [36][37] 1984
(32nd) Shabana Azmi Rama Paar [38][39] 1985
(33rd) Suhasini Sindhu Sindhu Bhairavi Tamil [40] 1986
(34th) Monisha Unni Gouri Nakhakshathangal Malayalam [8] 1987
(35th) Archana Sudha Veedu Tamil [41] 1988
(36th) Kamalakshi Daasi Telugu [42] 1989
(37th) Sreelekha Mukherji Lakkhi Parshuramer Kuthar Bengali [43] 1990
(38th) Vijayashanti Vyjayanthi Karthavyam Telugu [44] 1991
(39th) Moloya Goswami Ritu Firingoti Assamese [45] 1992
(40th) Dimple Kapadia Shanichari Rudaali Hindi [46] 1993
(41st) Shobana Ganga / Nagavalli [g] Manichitrathazhu Malayalam [47] 1994
(42nd) Debashree Roy Dr. Aditi Sen Unishe April Bengali [48] 1995
(43rd) Seema Biswas Phoolan Devi Bandit Queen Hindi [49] 1996
(44th) Tabu Virender Kaur Maachis [50] 1997
(45th) † Indrani Haldar Jhinuk Dahan Bengali [51] Rituparna Sengupta Romita Chaudhury 1998
(46th) Shabana Azmi Rambhi [h] Godmother Hindi [53] 1999
(47th) Kirron Kher Banalata Bariwali Bengali [54] 2000
(48th) Raveena Tandon Durga Saikia Daman: A Victim of Marital Violence Hindi [55] 2001
(49th) † Tabu Mumtaz Ali Ansari Chandni Bar [56] Shobana Lakshmi Mitr, My Friend English 2002
(50th) Konkona Sen Sharma Meenakshi S. Iyer Mr. and Mrs. Iyer [57] 2003
(51st) Meera Jasmine Shahina Paadam Onnu: Oru Vilapam Malayalam [58] 2004
(52nd) Tara Hasina Hasina Kannada [59] 2005
(53rd) Sarika Shernaz Parzania English [60] 2006
(54th) Priyamani Muththazhagu Paruthiveeran Tamil [61] 2007
(55th) Umashree Gulabi Gulabi Talkies Kannada [62] 2008
(56th) Priyanka Chopra Meghna Mathur Fashion Hindi [63] 2009
(57th) Ananya Chatterjee Shikha Sarkar (Srimati Sarkar)[i] Abohomaan Bengali [64] 2010
(58th) † Mitalee Jagtap Varadkar Shirmi Baboo Band Baaja Marathi [65] Saranya Ponvannan Veerayi Thenmerku Paruvakaatru Tamil 2011
(59th) Vidya Balan Reshma (Silk) [j] The Dirty Picture Hindi [67] 2012
(60th) Usha Jadhav Yashoda Dhag Marathi [68] 2013
(61st) Geetanjali Thapa Kamala Liar's Dice Hindi [69] 2014
(62nd) Kangana Ranaut Rani Mehra Queen [70] 2015
(63rd) Tanuja "Tanu" Trivedi,
Kusum "Datto" Sangwan [k] Tanu Weds Manu Returns [72] 2016
(64th) Surabhi Lakshmi Mother [l] Minnaminungu – the Firefly Malayalam [73] 2017
(65th) Sridevi[m] Devki Sabarwal Mom Hindi [75] 2018
(66th) Keerthy Suresh Savitri [n] Mahanati Telugu [77] 2019
(67th) ‡ Kangana Ranaut Rani Lakshmi Bai[78] Manikarnika: The Queen of Jhansi Hindi [78] Jaya Nigam Panga 2020
(68th) Aparna Balamurali Sundari "Bommi" Nedumaaran Soorarai Pottru Tamil [79] 2021
(69th) † Alia Bhatt Gangubai Kathiawadi Gangubai Kathiawadi Hindi [80] Kriti Sanon Mimi Rathore Mimi 2022
(70th) † Nithya Menen Shobana Thiruchitrambalam Tamil [81] Manasi Parekh Monghi Kutch Express Gujarati
See also
[edit]
Bollywood portal
Film portal
List of Indian film actresses
Notes
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References
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List of seventy Indian films …
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To celebrate India’s 70 years of Independence, my pick of seventy films from my viewing list …. AGNISNAAN (Bhabendranath Saikia, Assamese, 1985) Dr. Bhaben Saikia is credited to have introduced the parallel cinema movement in Assam. He made eight National award winning films besides being a prolific writer. I have just seen two of his…
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https://chasingcinema.wordpress.com/2017/08/29/list-of-seventy-indian-films/
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To celebrate India’s 70 years of Independence, my pick of seventy films from my viewing list ….
AGNISNAAN (Bhabendranath Saikia, Assamese, 1985)
Dr. Bhaben Saikia is credited to have introduced the parallel cinema movement in Assam. He made eight National award winning films besides being a prolific writer. I have just seen two of his films viz., SAROTHI & the above mentioned film, both of which left a big imprint on me. Why I like the film? Based on his own story, this is an unusual & powerful revenge saga of a dedicated wife (played by the brilliant Moloya Goswami) when her businessman husband takes in a new young wife in his life. The director however contends that it was her physical need that drove her towards infidelity.
ANAND (Hrishikesh Mukherjee, Hindi, 1971)
Whether the inspiration came from Kurasawa’s IKIRU or modeled on the personality/friendship with Raj Kapoor, Hrishikesh Mukherjee’s ANAND is his finest film. Why I like the film? Great acting by the two leading actors, memorable dialogues & evergreen songs ….
AKALER SANDHANE (Mrinal Sen, Bengali, 1980)
This is a memorable film on the discovery of the actual reality in rural India by a film unit and its director when they try to recreate/make a film on famines. Why I like the film? Films about films tend to be boring apart from exception like Truffaut’s DAY FOR NIGHT. This film by MS succeed in mirroring social realities and raising many relevant questions – in order to portray reality, weren’t the film unit responsible for making life harder for the poor villagers because of soaring prices and other forms of degradation when the urban film crew descend on the rural countryside?…
4. PATHER PANCHALI (Satyajit Ray, Bengali, 1955)
The film that brought International acclaim to Indian cinema. It often figures in the critic’s list of ten best films in World Cinema.
5. KHOSLA KA GHOSLA (Dibakar Bannerjee, Hindi, 2006)
In his debut film, Dibakar Bannerjee chooses a contemporary topic, that of land mafias exploiting innocent home and land buyers to the hilt. KKG deals with the predicament of an honest elderly man (Anupam Kher) when he buys a plot of land from a property dealer and gets duped in the process. The narrative unfolds the two sons’ (Prabin Dabas & Ranvir Shorey) effort at revenge/retrieval of the lost money (given away in the initial transaction by their father) with the assistance of a few others.
Why I like the film? The director captures the life and eccentricities of the characters from the Capital city effectively. The humor laced treatment of a serious subject makes the film enjoyable, and doesn’t allow it to become boring at any point.
6. SHABDO (2012, Bengali) The tale of a foley artist – a sound technician for movies, their neglect and the blurring of lines between devotion to duty and personal injury
7. PARTY (1984, Hindi)
Nihalani established himself as a distinguished filmmaker early in his career with films like ‘Akrosh’ and ‘Ardh Satya.’ But speaking personally, I find his third film PARTY to be more stylistically orchestrated, brimming with social commentaryand successful in exposing the dubiousness of the rich and the famous from the Cultural fraternity.
Under the guise of celebrating a recent honor bestowed on one Dr. Barve (Manohar Singh) a party is thrown by one of the female friends (Vijaya Mehta) of the feted writer. Several people arrive in this party and gradually their personal lives get unfolded before the viewer. Wannabe writers, actors from the theatre, social climbers and social activists & gate crashers mingle freely in the midst of free-flowing snacks and drinks. The discussions ranges from whether Political commitment contribute towards a writer’s greatness or the atrocities committed by the State on tribals in the name of development, and the fate that befalls those who speak as voice for the marginalized. In this respect one does find similarity of Gobind Nihalani with filmmakers like Mrinal Sen and Gautam Ghose who seek to address such topical issues in their works. Fine ensemble acting by Amrish Puri, Om Puri, Shafi Inamdar, K. K. Raina, Rohini Hattangady, Deepa Sahi, Pearl Padamsee, Mohan Bhandari, Soni Radzan & Jayant Kripalani add to the strength of the film.
8. PAAR (1984, Hindi)
PAAR is a tale of arduous struggle for survival. It narrates the story of a harijan couple (Naseeruddin Shah and Shabana Azmi) who flee from their native village in Bihar to escape from the wrath of the upper caste tyrannical landlord (Utpal Dutt) & his men. The landlord’s brother (Mohan Agashe) was killed to avenge the death of the Gandhian school teacher (played by Anil Chaterjee) who worked tirelessly for upliftment of the oppressed villagers.
The initial part of the film, especially the character of the school teacher, invokes the spirit of the Gandhi-Ambedkarite struggle of dalit upliftment. The second half of the film portrays the hardship the couple faces in the city of Kolkata romantically bestowed with an epithet – The City of Joy. The couple finds no such joy in the city but an odd job to drive a herd of pigs across a river with a lure for earning money to finance their travel back home.
Exquisitely filmed, backed by terrific performances, this is one of the greatest films ever in Indian cinema. Om puri does a cameo as a village sarpanch.
9. AJANTRIK (Bengali, 1958)
(to be Continued …)
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`Spark’ling on the Silver Screen
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"Silver Screen",
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2023-03-03T05:44:02+00:00
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Moloya Goswami of Firingoti fame speaks of her entry into films and how she tries to get into the skin of a character for that extra edge
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Sentinel Assam
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https://www.sentinelassam.com/more-news/life/sparkling-on-the-silver-screen-639798
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The director of the play was late BudhinSarma. He used to teach us how to perform. After seeing my performance, he was very pleased with my acting and called our group to make some changes in the play. I was then given the role of the main character. Our play was well received by the audience and the judges. In that play, I got the award of Best Actress from Handique Girls’ College and the next year, I repeated the feat.
Moloya Goswami is a renowned actor from Assam. Her performance in the movie Firingoti(Spark) won rave reviews and she went on to bag the Best Actress Award in the 39th National Film Awards 1992.Since her debut in films, she has never failed to mesmerise her fans with her performances. She has also worked as a lecturer in Education atJagiroad College. Excerpts from an interview:
Tell us about yourself, your family and educational background.
My father belonged to the prominent Rajkhowa family of Sivasagar. I resided with my parents and my elder sister. I was born in Dibrugarh. My father’s job was a transferrable one, so he had to travel a lot. My father used to work in the Assam State Electricity Board(ASEB). So, when he was transferred to Nagaon, we all shifted there. My schooling started in Nagaon and our life was very simple. My sister used to go to school and I used to follow her to school. In those days there were no restrictions on going to school by following your elder sister. That was the way I got admitted to school. I think when I was in class 4 or 5 we shifted to Guwahati and I took admission in TC Girls’ School. I completed my graduation from Handique Girls’ College and I completed my Masters in Education from Gauhati University.
How did you get interested in acting. Who was your biggest inspiration behind pursuing acting?
When I was a student, I got interested in drama. When I was in school, I never thought I would ever perform in a drama but there was a silver jubilee function in our school, where I first essayed a role. I had a group where we decided to perform a play written by Aarati Das, who was in All India Radio. And I had the advantage of my sister also being a member in our group. When we performed the play, it was just for fun as we wanted our parents to come and watch our performances. I still remember when I asked my parents about my performance, my mother said she could not hear my voice. At that time, there was no microphone and we had to go and speak our dialogues in front of a stand mike. At that point oftime it did not cross my mind that I would one day enter the field of acting.
Next, when I started college, in my second year some girls from the Philosophy department decided to perform a play in the college week for a competition. They had a very good story. They were very good friends of mine and I requested them to allow me to participate. But since they were from Philosophy Major, they were a bit sceptical of allowing me to perform in their group. But luckily for me they didn’t have anyone to enact the role of a particular character and so they approached me to do the role. I was happy and readily agreed to play the part. The director of the play was late BudhinSarma. He used to teach us how to perform. After seeing my performance, he was very pleased with my acting and called our group to make some changes in the play. I was then given the role of the main character. Our play was well received by the audience and the judges. In that play, I got the award of Best Actress from Handique Girls’ College and the next year, I repeated the feat. This was a turning point for me. When I was studying in Gauhati University, a cultural organisation named New Art Players wanted me to act in a very beautiful drama translated from the Hindi play,Ashar ka Ek Din, which was written by Mohan Rakesh. The Assamese play was entitled Uterkhita Mallika, and in that play I essayed the character of Mallika. This was my first step towards acting on stage. My parents and my elder sister encouraged me a lot. My father especially was always at my beck and call and used to accompany me to all my rehearsals and my performances. I also used to play games during my schooldays and my father always encouraged me in whatever I did. I have worked with some renowned theatre personalities from New Art Players like Debo Kumar Nath, Arup Chakraborty, Satya Prasad Baruah, Narayan Bezbaruah, Sambhu Gupta and Girish Choudhury. I learned a lot of things from them. I acted in numerous plays like Lobhita, Mrinal Bahini, Palashor Rong,etc.
I cannot say that a particular person was my inspiration because I never started out with that aim. Maybe it was in my blood, and I had the support of my family.
You have acted in some renowned films. Can you tell us about the experience
The number of films that I have worked in is very small and my entry into films was very late. It is not that I did not get any offer, but in those days my mother used to worry a lot and was hesitant about letting me act in films. So, I also never forced them to let me work in films. They never stopped me, but they were a little worried. One day I got an offer from late Bhabendra Nath Saikia to work for his film Agnisnaan which was based on his novel Antareep. In the movie I played the lead role of ‘Menaka’. My husband’s family encouraged me to act in the movie. The movie is a masterpiece. I was nominated for the award of Best Actress for the National Awards. But I missed the award. After that I acted in a movie Maa. My third movie was Jahnu Baruah’s Firingoti. For this movie I got the prestigious National Award for Best Actress in 1992.
Tell us about the most satisfying character you have played so far. Do you believe that you could do full justice to the character?
As a performing artist I have always tried to do justice to the characters I have played. Maybe, at times I have failed, I cannot say. My audience will be able to tell me whether I have been successful in doing justice to the characters I have played. I try to understand and get into the skin of the characters so that I can do justice to the part I have to enact. When I was essaying the role of Menaka, I tried to be that character as far as possible. It was like becoming Menaka and not just acting her part.
Satisfaction is a great thing. When I playdifferent roles in the movies I always think how best can Isatisfy my audience, fulfil their expectations.
You were also working as a lecturer in Jagiroad College. Can you tell us more about your experience as a teacher
I was working in the Education Department ofJagiroadCollege. This is my other identity -- that of being a college teacher. My students are like my own children. The mental peace that I got when I spent time with my students, cannot be compared with anything. The satisfaction of being a teacher cannot be compared to anything. My entire career as a teacher was spent in JagiroadCollege. I have retired now, but JagiroadCollege gave me a different identity apart from being an actor and this counts in a big way in my life. I have discovered new sides to me while working as a teacher. I won the best actress in 1992 when I was working in Jagiroad College. I still remember, the atmosphere of the College that day. It was so memorable it will forever remain engraved in my memory. The whole college celebrated my win. Many people came to take my interview. The atmosphere at the college changed completely. Even today when I happen to meet my students, they hug me out of affection. The happiness, the accolades, the love and affection from students and colleagueswas an unforgettable experience of my life.
Tell us about your awards and achievements
Firstly, awards give you a recognition. It is a respect towards your work. I have never worked to receive awards, and nobody does that. But when someone appreciates you, even with their words it is a big recognition. When you are doing good work and people appreciate you for that, by telling you that you have done a very good job that is a big recognition and encouragement. Therefore, when somebody givesme awards appreciating my hard work, it gives me an inner strength to work harder and become better. My most memorable awards if I would sayso isthe National Award for Best Actress. That is a big chapter in my life. Recently I got the opportunity to go to Houstan in USA, and there also people of the Assamese community bestowed a lot honour and respect. I have also got the Prag Cine award, Joymoti Award, AideoHandique Memorial Award which is given by the SodauAxomLekhikaSamaroh Samiti, Bina Prasad Award, and Leo Advertising Award.
I think that getting an award makes me feel associated with the names of the awards. It is gives one a feeling of being rewarded.
Tell us about the projects you are working on currently. Can you tell us more about your upcoming projects?
After my retirement I have worked in some serials. Right now I am shooting for the entertainment channel of NKTV, namely Spondon. And very recently I have worked in Parvez Ahmed’s EtiTumar. It is a guest appearance and the audience will see me in a different light. Apart from that I am working with the young generation and I am very happy because working with children gives one another level of satisfaction. I worked in the movie Calendar with Himjyoti Talukdar, who is a young boy and I loved working with him. I have also worked with MrinmoySaikiaand Nibir Barua. I have also acted in two short films Nimila Onko which has been released in two parts. The audience also loved the movie. The new generation is very talented. And those who are working seriously, are doing very good job -- be it the script, the concept or the the technical aspects.
Any words of advice for the new comers in the industry.
I feel that there is nothing to advise them on. Now new platforms are coming up, there is the OTT platform, we have short films, web series and they are allavailable as social media content and can be accessed by anyone with a good internet connection. Everything today is accessible with the tip of our fingers. The new generation knows how to take advantage of these new platforms and they are delivering as well. The new generation kids are doing a very beautiful and good job. Since I have also got the opportunity of being associated with their work and I have learned many new things. The best thing of working with the new generation is that I have also learned new work. In earlier days we had a different way of doing films, now the work style is different. So, there is no full stop in learning. Those who are very serious in their work, they are doing good and are working with sincerity. They also know how to market a film. Now a days there are many opportunities at the national and international levels, and the new generation knows how to grab those opportunities. And I want them to do more good work and deliver it to the audience, and they will definitely receive appreciation from their audience. These children are very talented, they just need the scope to spread their wings.
Lastly, any words for our readers
The Sentinel is a very reputed newspaper. The paper has delivered to the readers what they want to read and I therefore think that in all these years they have built a name for themselves. In future too I expect that the paper will deliver and serve its readers with the same fervour.
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Assamese Actress, famous, popular, veteran,Moloya
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Moloya Goswami is a well known name in
Assamese film Industry for decades...
| null |
Malaya Goswami has mesmerized Assamese movie fans even in her debut film. She has never looked back since her first movie and made Assamese film community proud by bringing the first National Award by Assamese actress into the state.
Malaya Goswami in an Interview
Malaya Goswami was born in Dibrugarh in Rajkhowa family of Sivasagar. Her father Kailash Rajkhowa was an engineer in Assam Electricity Board and used to transfer from one place to other due to work responsibilities. But Malaya and her sister stayed all of their school years in Nagaon. After her matriculation from Nagaon Girls' High School she came down to Guwahati. She completed her graduation from Handique College and completed her master degree from Guwahati University. Malaya was very active in sport during her college days and got selected even for the first women's Hockey team from Assam. After her education, she took teaching as her profession. Initially she worked in Sonari College for few years and then joined Jagiroad college in 1983.
In 1981, Malaya married Pradip Goswami, whois also an engineer in Assam State Electricity Board like her father. Her husband was a source of great inspiration towards her acting career. Her debut film was from the great Assamese Film maker Late Dr. Bhabendra Nath Saikia in 1987. The movie named 'Agnisnaan' was based on Saikia's famouis novel 'Antareep'. In the movie Malaya Goswami had the main role as 'Menaka'. Her on screen personality and gravity immediately caught attention assamese film industry. Even she just missed the best actress award with slight margin.
In 1992, Malaya Goswami acted in her second movie 'Firingoti', directed by another great film maker of Assam Jahnu Baruah. She played the role a lady who overcomes personal trauma and dedicate her life for the education of a village. This film bagged her the the most prestigious National "Rajat Kamal" award for best actress in the year 1992.
There was no looking back for Malaya Goswami after these couple of movies. "Uttarkaal", Maa", "I Killed Him Sir", "Aasene Konoba Hiyaat", "Sesh Upahaar",etc are few of the other movie she has acted. Her on screen personality always bagged her very decent Assamese films. She also acted in various popular TV serials like "Writu aahe writu jaai". She has acted agaiinst all veteran directors and actors of Assam. Her strong voice also attracted All India Radio to give her chance in more than 40 radio plays. Malaya Goswami has also made a mark in poetry recitation of great poets like Nabakanta Baruah, Jyotiprasad Agarwalla. She is also involved in various stage plays and has won critics words.
Malaya Goswami has been awarded with "Joymoti Award" and also "Best TV Actress" for "Writu aahe writu jaai".
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https://www.hindustantimes.com/art-and-culture/indian-audiences-are-a-spoilt-lot-jahnu-barua/story-mwMQRedugAQlec9wdPHTKM.html
|
en
|
Indian audiences are a spoilt lot: Jahnu Barua
|
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[
"sudeshna b baruah",
"jahnu barua",
"Maine Gandhi Ko Nahin Maara",
"assamese filmmaker",
"Gauri Karnik",
"Yashpal Sharma and Diwakar Pundir"
] | null |
[
"Sudeshna B Baruah (HindustanTimes.com)"
] |
2006-01-22T18:00:00+05:30
|
Cinema can drive social change, Jahnu Barua tells Sudeshna. Pictures
|
en
|
Hindustan Times
|
https://www.hindustantimes.com/art-and-culture/indian-audiences-are-a-spoilt-lot-jahnu-barua/story-mwMQRedugAQlec9wdPHTKM.html
|
Most of your films are realistic.Where do you pick your characters from?
I make films so that I can myself learn from them besides sending a social message across. The characters for my plots are a part of the society. My journeys on Mumbai's BEST buses, my visits to the villages in Assam give me sufficient scope to learn about society and its people. Maine Gandhi Ko Nahin Maara, for instance, took me five years of research. During this period I made a voyage into the world of schizophrenics through books as well as by visiting people suffering from schizophrenia. And it was indeed surprising that most of the psychological problems are found among slum-dwellers. Merely sweeping the dirt in slums is not enough, the abstract aspects also have to be taken into consideration.
Women play the protagonists in most of your films. Be it
Apeksha
your first Hindi film or
Firingoti
(
The Spark
) which made Moloya Goswami the first Assamese actress to win a National Film Award.
My mother, late Gunawati Barua is a central force behind my choosing women as protagonists. She was an institution in herself and I respected her a lot. Their intelligence and strength to take on life's hardships cannot be emulated by men. My female protagonists are therefore women of strength who try to overcome odds and are decisive. The school teacher Ritu, the teacher in
Firingoti
(
The Spark
), for instance, is not deterred by the acts of anti-social elements in re-building the burnt school house of a village.
What have been your efforts in bringing quality cinema to common masses?
It is not a filmmaker's job alone to bring quality films to masses. Nevertheless, I have always been directing my efforts towards creating a system wherein people get to watch good movies. But as usual, the ephemeral nature of our government sometimes leave some policies inefficacious. The efforts continue albeit. I can only hope.
From Apeksha to Maine Gandhi Ko Nahin Maara. How has your odyssey been?
Well, the path was strewn with roses and thorns alike. In fact, I had faced many difficulties during the making of Apeksha. Those were enough to deter any film maker from taking up his next venture. The thought was depressing and I considered myself unfortunate, given that it was my maiden Hindi film. But in retrospect, I feel going through those bad times has helped me emerge stronger. I consider myself lucky for having gone through those testing times. This makes Maine Gandhi Ko Nahin Maara a successful attempt.
What do you look for in the actors and actresses?
Intelligence. An indepth understanding of the role, besides its projection on the screen needs cannot be everyone's pie. Urmila's intelligence counted for my choosing her in Maine Gandhi Ko Nahin Maaran and she handled her role with equal deft as Anupam Kher - the protagonist.
Regional films despite their richness in content fail to enthuse audiences.
As I have already said, we need a system that can guide audiences towards watching quality films. We need to create similar platforms as Sangeet Natak Akademy, Sahitya Akademy to bring regional films into the limelight.
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http://www.easternpanorama.in/index.php/cover-story/101-2013/feb/2283-goenka-to-produce-jahnu-baruas-new-film
|
en
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Goenka to produce Jahnu Barua’s new film
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Eastern Panorama is the first News Magazine of the North East India. This Magazine reports North East as it is and it aims to cater to the needs of the people and reports the issues which concern the people of North East India.
|
en
|
http://www.easternpanorama.in/images/easternpanorama-favicon.png
|
Eastern Panorama
|
http://www.easternpanorama.in/index.php/cover-story/101-2013/feb/2283-goenka-to-produce-jahnu-baruas-new-film
|
By Chandan Sarmah
Noted film exhibitor, distributor and producer Shankar Lall Goenka, under the banner of his newly-formed film production house ‘Shiven Arts’, is going to produce an Assamese feature film based on Sahitya Akademi Award winning novel ‘Ashirbadar Rong’ by eminent writer Arun Sarma. The film will be directed by nationally-acclaimed filmmaker Jahnu Barua. Smt. Maina Goenka and Siddharth Goenka will be the co-producers of the film.
The auspicious ‘muhurat’ ceremony of the film was held on November 30 at the Kelvin Cinema Compound, Guwahati, in presence of the film unit and a host of cine-cultural dignitaries of Assam. The film will undergo shooting scheduled from the first week of January, 2013.
The title of the film, and the cast and the credit are in the process of finalization. This is for the second time that Jahnu Barua will make a film on the basis of a published literary work. The first one was ‘Halodhiya Choraye Bao Dhan Khay’, based on a much-acclaimed novel of the same name by distinguished writer-journalist and the editor of Assamese daily, ‘Amar Asom’, Homen Borgohain. The film, ‘Halodhiya Choraye Bao Dhan Khay’ (‘The Catastrophe’), fetched Jahnu Barua the National Award for Best Film in 1987, and it won four awards at the Locarno International Film Festival including the award for Best Acting, Best Direction and Best Film.
A graduate in film direction from the ‘Film and Television Institute of India’, Pune, Jahnu Barua made his debut with ‘Aparoopa’ in 1982. Since then, he has so far directed 11 feature films which includes two Hindi films, ‘Apeksha’ 1982, (starring Faruque Sheikh and Suhasini Muley) and ‘Maine Gandhi Ko Nahin Mara’ 2008, (starring Anupam Kher, Urmila Matondkar, Rajit Kapoor, etc). The film, ‘Maine Gandhi Ko Nahin Mara’, earned rave reviews and critical acclamation, it also won a couple of international awards. Barua has so far won eight National Award which include Best Director for his much-sensitive film ‘Sagoroloi Bohu Door’ (‘Its a Long Way to the Sea’, 1996). Retrospective of Barua’s films was held in the Fukuoka Film Festival, Japan, and in a couple of other festivals abroad.
A graduate in film direction from the ‘Film and Television Institute of India’, Pune, Jahnu Barua made his debut with ‘Aparoopa’ in 1982.
Barua is known among the serious and meaningful film fraternity as a sensitive director who deals with the contemporary socio-political issues of Assam and the North-East. His maturity in handling acting artists deserves special mentioning because the two artists playing the role of the protagonists of two of his films won national and international awards. While Indra Bania won the Best Acting Artist Award in Locarno International Film Festival in 1987 for his superior performance in Barua’s ‘Halodhiya Choraye Bao Dhan Khay’, actress Moloya Goswami won the National Award for Best Actress for her outstanding performance in Barua’s fifth feature film ‘Firingoti’ (‘The Spark’) in 1992.
Jahnu Barua recently hit the headlines with his latest Assamese feature film, ‘Baandhon’, released last November. This is for the first time Barua has dealt with the issue of global terrorism and the film earned the distinction of being the Inaugural Film of the Indian Panorama section at the 42nd International Film Festival of India held at Panaji (Goa) in last November. The film was screened thrice at the festival on demand of the festival delegates and critics.
It may be mentioned here that one of the senior-most film distributors of the entire North-Eastern Region, Shankar Lall Goenka, under his established firm ‘Goenka Enterprise’, has released a number of Assamese films, such as, ‘Joymoti’, ‘Aai Kot Naai’, ‘Jibon Bator Logori’, ‘Basundhara’, ‘Azan Fakir Saheb’, ‘Ramdhenu’, ‘Rowd’, ‘Rishang’, ‘Borolar Ghor’, etc.
In 1981, he ventured into film production arena and along with R.A. Jalan of Kolkata, they jointly produced Assamese feature film ‘Manasi’ (Dir: Bolai Sen, Music Director: Ramen Barua, Starring: Biju Phukan, Bidya Rao). The Odiya version of this film was also released with the title ‘Agnipariksha’.
Shri Goenka formed a trust named ‘Jeewan Ram Mungi Devi Goenka Memorial Public Charitable Trust’ in memory of his late parents. This JRMDGMPC Trust has been presenting ‘Lifetime Achievement Award for Cultural Excellence’ to the unsung heroes in the cultural field of the North-Eastern Region from 2007. To add to this, the ‘JRMD Memorial Lecture’, also being organised by the JRMDGMPC Trust, is an annual event which takes place at the ‘Lifetime Achievement Award’ presentation function.
Three other significant activities of the Trust were publishing the books ‘Jyotiprasad Agarwalla’ (a biography of the producer-director of the first Assamese film ‘Joymoti’ released in 1935) and ‘Heritage Shillong’ (an illustrated description of the historic buildings and monuments of Shillong), and producing an album titled ‘A Tribute to Dr.Bhupen Hazarika’ containing 14 immortal haunting melodies of Dr.Hazarika. The album has been preserved in a couple of sound archives in USA and Europe. Both the books were written by noted historian and writer Prof (Late) Dipankar Banerjee. The Trust has also taken up a scheme to publish one book every year in memory of Prof (Late) Dipankar Banerjee from 2013.
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https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/delhi-to-host-festival-of-award-winning-films-from-assam/story-UdfGWIz52iQrx3fNk9MlIP.html
|
en
|
Delhi to host festival of award-winning films from Assam
|
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[
"Press Trust of India"
] |
2006-01-02T20:24:00+05:30
|
A three-day festival of national award winning films from Assam, which include Jahnu Baruah's 'Firingoti' and late Bhabendra Nath Saikia's 'Kalsandhya' (Hindi), will be held in Delhi begining January six. | Latest News India
|
en
|
Hindustan Times
|
https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/delhi-to-host-festival-of-award-winning-films-from-assam/story-UdfGWIz52iQrx3fNk9MlIP.html
|
A three-day festival of national award winning films from Assam, which include Jahnu Baruah's
Firingoti
and late Bhabendra Nath Saikia's
Kalsandhya
(Hindi), will be held in Delhi beginning January 6.
The film festival will be inaugurated by Information and Broadcasting Minister Priyaranjan Dasmunshi. Assam chief Minister Tarun Gogoi will also attend it.
Saikia's Kalsandhya will be the inaugural film which stars Jatin Bora, Ashish Vidyarthi and Debasree Roy, apart from several other leading actors from Assam.
This was the first film on insurgency in Assam and still is one of the most authentic depictions of the suffering of the common people. It was part of the Indian Panorama at the IFFI in 1997.
Jahnu Barua's Firingoti, which was adjudged the second best feature film and got the best actress to Moloya Goswami at the 1992 National Awards, will also be screened in the festival.
Juye Poora Xoon, which got the best national film award on environmental issue in 2004, directed by Sanjib Sabhapandit, Santwana Bordoloi's Adajya, Jury Award winner at the 1998 IFFI and screened in a large number of international film festivals, will also be screened.
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https://www.facebook.com/Filmfare/videos/dwaar-wins-the-best-assamese-film-award-at-filmfare-awards-east-2013/304770780822415/
|
en
|
The first ever Filmfare Awards (East) 2013 felicitates the Assamese film industry. Dwaar by national award-winning director Bidyut Chakraborty wins in...
|
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""
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[] | null |
The first ever Filmfare Awards (East) 2013 felicitates the Assamese film industry. Dwaar by national award-winning director Bidyut Chakraborty wins in...
|
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https://www.facebook.com/Filmfare/videos/dwaar-wins-the-best-assamese-film-award-at-filmfare-awards-east-2013/304770780822415/
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https://www.instagram.com/sulakhyana_baruah/%3Fhl%3Den
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https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/not-just-bollywood-regional-cinema-wins-big-at-national-awards-this-year-118041300689_1.html
|
en
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Not just Bollywood, regional cinema wins big at national awards this year
|
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[
"national awards",
"65th national awards",
"sridevi",
"shekhar kapur",
"Indian films",
"Geography of Jammu and Kashmir",
"Ladakh",
"Village Rockstars",
"National Film Awards",
"Actress",
"Shekhar Kapur",
"the Best Assamese Film award",
"Kaatru Veliyidai",
"Special Jury",
"Vinod Khanna",
"Dadasaheb Phalke Award",
"Costume Designer",
"Irada",
"Mayurakshi",
"The Indira Gandhi Award",
"Paddayi",
"Sridevi",
"Director title",
"Rima Das",
"the Nargis Dutt Award For Best Feature Film On National Integration",
"K.J. Yesudas",
"Walking With The Wind",
"Shashaa Tirupati",
"Regional cinema",
"actor",
"Mom",
"Amar",
"Akbar",
"Anthony",
"the 65th National Film Award",
"To Let",
"director",
"Best Location Sound Recordist Award",
"Child Artist",
"Hello Arsi",
"Make-Up",
"Oscar",
"Utpal Borpujari",
"Dhh",
"Ganesh Acharya",
"Aaalorukkam",
"Dhappa",
"Sinjar",
"Divya Dutta",
"Mhorkya",
"the Best Hindi Film award",
"jury chairperson",
"Amit V Masurkar",
"Thondimuthalum Driksakshiyum",
"Newton",
"The Basket",
"Ghazi",
"Animation",
"The Fish Curry",
"Hindi cinema",
"Kachcha Limboo",
"Special Jury Award",
"The Burning Train",
"Muqaddar Ka Sikandar",
"India",
"Baahubali 2: The Conclusion",
""
] | null |
[
"Business Standard"
] |
2018-04-13T18:26:00+05:30
|
The winners' list has a good mix of Malayalam, Marathi, Bengali and Assamese films
|
en
|
https://www.business-standard.com/favicon.ico
|
https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/not-just-bollywood-regional-cinema-wins-big-at-national-awards-this-year-118041300689_1.html
|
List of winner at 65th National awards | Photo: PTI
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| 96 |
https://www.mazaindia.com/award/NA-Best-Actress
|
en
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NA Best Actress, famous awards
|
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"https://www.mazaindia.com/images/logo.png",
"https://www.mazaindia.com/images/logo.png",
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[
"NA Best Actress Latest Bollywood Awards",
"bollywood famous awards",
"latest bollywood awards",
"recent bollywood awards",
"bollywood awards list",
"bollywood awards 2014",
"bollywood awards list"
] | null |
[
"Vijay"
] |
2017-10-25T00:00:00
|
Get latest winner list NA Best Actress,Bollywood famous Awards
|
en
|
../favicon/apple-icon-57x57.png
| null |
Get winners list of bollywood famous award i.e. Filmfare Award, IIFA Award, Oscar Award, Bibaca Geet Mela Award, National Award, Stardust Award, Bollywood Music Award, Screen Award, Sports Awards. We provides the winner list from 1953 with their songs, films, year and their names. Get lsit Who will get the best actor, best actress, best director for which year and more award winner list of bollywood famous awards at one place. You can get all award list of bollywood at one place.
|
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https://www.news18.com/news/india/jahnu-baruas-take-on-2611-to-be-released-on-oct-26-518419.html
|
en
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Jahnu Barua's take on 26/11 to be released on Oct 26
|
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[] |
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[
"jahnu barua",
"maine gandhi ko nahin mara"
] | null |
[
"News18",
"Press Trust of India"
] |
2012-10-25T17:23:55+05:30
|
National Award winning filmmaker Jahnu Barua is back with his new offering a take on the 26/11 mayhem.
|
en
|
https://images.news18.com/static_news18/pix/ibnhome/news18/favicon.ico
|
News18
|
https://www.news18.com/news/india/jahnu-baruas-take-on-2611-to-be-released-on-oct-26-518419.html
|
New Delhi: National Award-winning filmmaker Jahnu Barua, whose last film was the critically-acclaimed 'Maine Gandhi Ko Nahin Mara', is back with his new offering a take on the 26/11 mayhem which tries to make a universal statement on peace. 'Baandhon', produced by Assam State Film (Finance & Dev) Corporation, releases in theatres across Assam tomorrow. Its cast includes some leading names from the Assamese film industry Bishnu Khargoria, Bina Patangia, Jatin Bora,
Zarifa Wahid and Angshuman Bhuyan. Barua has written the story and script himself while the music is scored by Dhrubajyoti Phukan. The film will open the
Indian panorama section of International Film Festival of India (IFFI) in Goa next month.
"My film is made on behalf of the common man. It is a question from the common man, comprising 80-90 per cent of the population, who has nothing to do with the functioning of the world. They like life and want to live life. They have given
the responsibility of functioning of the world to the leaders, who are supposed to take care of them. But episodes like 26/11 in which the common man has no role but is always a victim, keep on happening," Barua told PTI.
He is surprised that the 26/11 mayhem inspired very few filmmakers to show to the world the horror of the common man and also denounce terrorism. "It's really a shame. Being one of the top film-making countries, we should have attempted more films. But not many people from the film-making fraternity were inspired," he says.
"My film is exceptional. It is perhaps the only film so far that makes a universal statement on peace," Barua, whose last Assamese film was "Tora" (2003) says.
In the film, septuagenarian couple Khargoria and Patangia arrive in Mumbai to look for their beloved grandson - the only other living member of the family who has been missing since the 26/11 terror attack. Barua has always tried through his films to deal with the people and their hopes and aspirations.
"Though I have forayed into mainstream cinema, my approach will remain the same," he says. His 'Maine Gandhi Ko Nahin Mara', released in 2005, brought him critical acclaim. It also won a number of international awards. Starring Anupam Kher and Urmila Matondkar, the film deals with the disturbances in the
relationship between the father and daughter that are somehow linked to Mahatma Gandhi's philosophy. Barua, who hails from Assam, has won 10 National Film
Awards and over 25 awards at international festivals. His 'Halodhiya Choraye Baodhan Khai' (Catastrophe) won the President's Swarna Kamal for the best feature film in 1987, while 'Hkhagoroloi Bohu Door' (It's a Long Way to the Sea)
received the Swarna Kamal for best director in 1996.
His 'Firingoti' (Spark) won the second best national film award and the best actress award for Moloya Goswami. In 2003, Barua was given the Padma Shri for his contribution to cinema.
|
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| 4 |
https://exam.pscnotes.com/mcq/who-among-the-following-was-the-first-assamese-actress-to-win-the-best-actress-award-in-the-national-film-awards/
|
en
|
Who among the following was the first Assamese actress to win the Best Actress Award in the National Film Awards?
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"rawan239"
] |
2024-04-21T18:20:20+00:00
|
The correct answer is A. Mridula Barua. Mridula Barua is an Indian actress who works in Assamese films. She has won the National Film Award for Best Actress for her performance in the film “Raja” (2015). She is the first Assamese actress to win this award. Mridula Barua was born in Guwahati, Assam, India. She ... Detailed SolutionWho among the following was the first Assamese actress to win the Best Actress Award in the National Film Awards?
|
en
|
MCQ and Quiz for Exams
|
https://exam.pscnotes.com/mcq/who-among-the-following-was-the-first-assamese-actress-to-win-the-best-actress-award-in-the-national-film-awards/
|
The correct answer is A. Mridula Barua.
Mridula Barua is an Indian actress who works in Assamese films. She has won the National Film Award for Best Actress for her performance in the film “Raja” (2015). She is the first Assamese actress to win this award.
Mridula Barua was born in Guwahati, Assam, India. She started her acting career in the early 2000s. She has appeared in over 50 Assamese films. She is known for her roles in films such as “Raja” (2015), “Aamis” (2016), and “Dhanak” (2017).
Mridula Barua is a talented actress who has made a significant contribution to Assamese cinema. She is a role model for aspiring actresses from Assam.
Option B, Dr. Santana Bordoloi, is a doctor and politician from Assam. She is not an actress.
Option C, Moloya Goswami, is a singer and actress from Assam. She has not won the National Film Award for Best Actress.
Option D, None of the above, is also incorrect. Mridula Barua is the first Assamese actress to win the National Film Award for Best Actress.
|
|||||
8571
|
dbpedia
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0
| 6 |
https://alchetron.com/Moloya-Goswami
|
en
|
Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia
|
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[] |
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[
""
] | null |
[] |
2017-08-18T08:30:48+00:00
|
Moloya Goswami (Assamese ) is a popular actress from Assam, India. She was the first Assamese actress to win the National Film Award for Best Actress for her performance in the Assamese film Firingoti (1992). Malaya married Pradip Ranjan Goswami, an engineer in Assam State Electricity
|
en
|
/favicon.ico
|
Alchetron.com
|
https://alchetron.com/Moloya-Goswami
|
Siddhesh Joshi
(Editor)
I enjoy creating and spreading knowledgeable content for everyone around the world and try my best not to leave even the smallest of mistakes go unnoticed.
Moloya Goswami
Share on FacebookTweet on TwitterShare on LinkedInShare on Reddit
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Moloya Goswami family photos, friends & relatives | Income, Net worth, Cars, Houses, Lifestyle
Moloya Goswami (Assamese: মলয়া গোস্বামী) is a popular actress from Assam, India. She was the first Assamese actress to win the National Film Award for Best Actress for her performance in the Assamese film Firingoti (1992).
Contents
Moloya Goswami family photos friends relatives Income Net worth Cars Houses Lifestyle
Personal life
Filmography
References
Personal life
Malaya married Pradip Ranjan Goswami, an engineer in Assam State Electricity Board, in 1981. The couple has two daughters, Nimisha Goswami and Nishita Goswami, who is also an actress. Younger daughter Nimisha Goswami married to grand son of former Governor of Assam L.P. Singh
Filmography
Calendar (2017)
Bhal Pabo Najanilu (2013)
Poley Poley Urey Mon (2011)
Srimanta Sankardeva (2010)
Jeevan Baator Logori (2009)
Konikar Ramdhenu (Ride on the Rainbow) (2003)
Daman: A Victim of Marital Violence (2001)
Firingoti (The Spark) (1992)
Uttarkaal (1990)
Siraj (1988)
Sarbajan (1985)
Maa (1986)
Agnisnaan (1985)
References
Moloya Goswami Wikipedia
(Text) CC BY-SA
Similar Topics
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http://indionozone.blogspot.com/2011/11/archana-actress.html
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Indion Zone: Archana (actress)
|
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Archana Occupation Actress Years active 1982 - present Awards National Award for Best Actress(1988- Veedu ) National Award for Best Ac...
|
en
|
http://indionozone.blogspot.com/favicon.ico
|
http://indionozone.blogspot.com/2011/11/archana-actress.html
|
Awards
National Award for Best Actress(1988-Veedu)
National Award for Best Actress(1989-Daasi) This article about an Indian actor or actress is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
|
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| 98 |
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Assamese_cinema
|
en
|
Assamese cinema
|
[
"https://wikiwandv2-19431.kxcdn.com/_next/image?url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Gold_Cinema_Multiplex_Screen_%25E2%2580%2593_Golaghat.png/640px-Gold_Cinema_Multiplex_Screen_%25E2%2580%2593_Golaghat.png&w=640&q=50",
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[] |
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[
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Assamese cinema is the Indian film industry of Assamese language. It is based in Assam, India. The industry was born in 1935 when Jyoti Prasad Agarwala released his movie Joymoti. Since then the Assamese cinema has developed a slow-paced, sensitive style. In the beginning the industry were called Jollywood, for Agarwala's Jyoti Chitraban Film Studio.
|
en
|
Wikiwand
|
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Assamese_cinema
|
Assamese cinema (formerly Jollywood) is the Indian film industry of Assamese language. It is based in Assam, India. The industry was born in 1935 when Jyoti Prasad Agarwala released his movie Joymoti. Since then the Assamese cinema has developed a slow-paced, sensitive style. In the beginning the industry were called Jollywood,[3][4] for Agarwala's Jyoti Chitraban Film Studio.[5]
Despite its long history and its artistic successes, for a state that has always taken its cinema seriously, Assamese cinema has never really managed to break through on the national scene despite its film industry making a mark in the National Awards over the years. Although the beginning of the 21st century has seen Bollywood-style Assamese movies hitting the screen, the industry has not been able to compete in the market, significantly overshadowed by the larger industries such as Bollywood.[6]
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https://rumsey-yost.com/2024/08/9334/
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James Donald Adams Sr.
|
[
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[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"RumseyYost"
] |
2024-08-05T18:04:09+00:00
|
James Donald Adams Sr., age 73 of Winchester, passed away July 31, 2024. Jim was born March 19, 1951 in Odessa, Texas to parents Theron and Pat Adams. He was united in marriage to Jeanne Smith and they enjoyed 52 years of marriage. Jim worked for many years in the Auto-Body trade and was a...
|
en
|
Rumsey-Yost Funeral Home & Crematory Inc.
|
https://rumsey-yost.com/2024/08/9334/
|
James Donald Adams Sr., age 73 of Winchester, passed away July 31, 2024. Jim was born March 19, 1951 in Odessa, Texas to parents Theron and Pat Adams. He was united in marriage to Jeanne Smith and they enjoyed 52 years of marriage. Jim worked for many years in the Auto-Body trade and was a longtime resident of the area. Jim also enjoyed flying remote-controlled airplanes. He will be greatly missed by his family and friends.
Jim was preceded in death by his wife, Jeanne in 2022 and also his parents. He is survived by two sons, James Jr. and Brian; one daughter, Tammy Lathrom; brothers, Steve, Bob and Bill Adams; grandchildren, Dylan, Tyler, Dakota, Rylan, Zach and Joely; four great grandchildren, Olivia, Journey, Allie and Jojo and a host of other relatives and friends. Private family services will be held at a later date. Arrangements are with Rumsey-Yost Funeral Home of Lawrence.
|
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| 16 |
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FamilySearch.org
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[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Discover your family history. Explore the world’s largest collection of free family trees, genealogy records and resources.
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| null | |||||||
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https://www.myheritage.com/names/james_donald
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[] |
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[
""
] | null |
[] | null | null | ||||||||||
3199
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| 55 |
https://www.tvinsider.com/people/james-donald/
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James Donald
|
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James Donald was a Scottish actor. Tall and gaunt, he specialised in playing authority figures; military officers, doctors or scientists. Donald was born
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https://www.tvinsider.com/wp-content/themes/tv/images/favicon.ico?x=2
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TV Insider
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https://www.tvinsider.com/people/james-donald/
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The film career of Scotsman James Donald began in earnest with the role of Theo Van Gogh, opposite Kirk Douglas as Vincent, in the 1956 biopic "Lust for Life." Two years later, he had another one of his more famous film opportunities alongside Douglas once again, this time as a manly rather than a sensitive sibling in the 1958 adventure "The Vikings." But it was the movie that Donald made in between, David Lean's timeless wartime drama "Bridge on the River Kwai," that forever stamped the Scot in the cinematic consciousness. At the end of epic battle between the characters played by Alec Guinness and William Holden, it was Donald as Major Clipton who got to utter the famous final line of dialogue, "Madness. Madness!"
In 1963, Donald was part of another one of the great World War II movies of all-time, "The Great Escape," starring as Group Captain Ramsey, the senior British officer interned in the German POW camp at the center of the fact-inspired Steve McQueen classic. Some of the actor's other performances of note include yet another World War II POW film, 1965's "King Rat," set in Singapore, and the co-starring role of Nathaniel Winkle in a 1952 version of Charles Dickens' "The Pickwick Papers."
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https://www.themoviedb.org/person/12250-james-donald%3Flanguage%3Den-US
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James Donald
|
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James Donald (* 18. Mai 1917 in Aberdeen, Schottland; † 3. August 1993 in Wiltshire, England) war ein schottischer Schauspieler. James Donald wurde im schottischen Aberdeen geboren und begann seine professionelle Schauspielkarriere etwa Ende der 1930er-Jahre. Den Durchbruch erlebte er 1943 durch seinen hochgelobten Auftritt in Noël Cowards Stück Present Laughter. Außerdem spielte er auch in Stücken von William Shakespeare, George Bernhard Shaw und Jean Cocteau.
Obwohl seine Karriere vor allem dem Theater gewidmet war, erreichte Donald auch Bekanntheit als Schauspieler in Film und Fernsehen, wobei er meistens etwas humorlose, aber meist anständige Respektspersonen in Nebenrollen verkörperte. Bereits während des Zweiten Weltkriegs hatte er kleinere Rollen in einigen Propaganda-Militärfilmen. Doch erst nach dem Krieg erhielt Donald auch im Film größere Rollen, so als Theo van Gogh in Vincente Minnellis Filmobiografie Vincent van Gogh – Ein Leben in Leidenschaft (1954) mit Kirk Douglas. Donalds wohl bekannteste Filmrolle war der britische Militärarzt Major Clipton in David Leans Kriegsepos Die Brücke am Kwai (1957), wobei er den berühmten Schlusssatz des Filmes („Madness! Madness!“) ausrief. Nach Die Brücke am Kwai spielte Donald auch noch in zwei weiteren Filmen, die die Gefangenschaft von Soldaten während des Zweiten Weltkrieges zum Thema hatten: Gesprengte Ketten (1963) und Sie nannten ihn King (1965). In einigen kleineren Filmen übernahm Donald auch Hauptrollen, bekannt von diesen Filmen ist heute vor allem noch der Science-Fiction-Thriller Das grüne Blut der Dämonen. Er spielte auch in vielen britischen Fernsehserien und Fernsehfilmen.
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|
The Movie Database
|
https://www.themoviedb.org/person/12250-james-donald
|
James Donald (* 18. Mai 1917 in Aberdeen, Schottland; † 3. August 1993 in Wiltshire, England) war ein schottischer Schauspieler. James Donald wurde im schottischen Aberdeen geboren und begann seine professionelle Schauspielkarriere etwa Ende der 1930er-Jahre. Den Durchbruch erlebte er 1943 durch seinen hochgelobten Auftritt in Noël Cowards Stück Present Laughter. Außerdem spielte er auch in Stücken von William Shakespeare, George Bernhard Shaw und Jean Cocteau.
Obwohl seine Karriere vor allem dem Theater gewidmet war, erreichte Donald auch Bekanntheit als Schauspieler in Film und Fernsehen, wobei er meistens etwas humorlose, aber meist anständige Respektspersonen in Nebenrollen verkörperte. Bereits während des Zweiten Weltkriegs hatte er kleinere Rollen in einigen Propaganda-Militärfilmen. Doch erst nach dem Krieg erhielt Donald auch im Film größere Rollen, so als Theo van Gogh in Vincente Minnellis Filmobiografie Vincent van Gogh – Ein Leben in Leidenschaft (1954) mit Kirk Douglas. Donalds wohl bekannteste Filmrolle war der britische Militärarzt Major Clipton in David Leans Kriegsepos Die Brücke am Kwai (1957), wobei er den berühmten Schlusssatz des Filmes („Madness! Madness!“) ausrief. Nach Die Brücke am Kwai spielte Donald auch noch in zwei weiteren Filmen, die die Gefangenschaft von Soldaten während des Zweiten Weltkrieges zum Thema hatten: Gesprengte Ketten (1963) und Sie nannten ihn King (1965). In einigen kleineren Filmen übernahm Donald auch Hauptrollen, bekannt von diesen Filmen ist heute vor allem noch der Science-Fiction-Thriller Das grüne Blut der Dämonen. Er spielte auch in vielen britischen Fernsehserien und Fernsehfilmen.
James Donald (* 18. Mai 1917 in Aberdeen, Schottland; † 3. August 1993 in Wiltshire, England) war ein schottischer Schauspieler. James Donald wurde im schottischen Aberdeen geboren und begann seine professionelle Schauspielkarriere etwa Ende der 1930er-Jahre. Den Durchbruch erlebte er 1943 durch seinen hochgelobten Auftritt in Noël Cowards Stück Present Laughter. Außerdem spielte er auch in Stücken von William Shakespeare, George Bernhard Shaw und Jean Cocteau.
Obwohl seine Karriere vor allem dem Theater gewidmet war, erreichte Donald auch Bekanntheit als Schauspieler in Film und Fernsehen, wobei er meistens etwas humorlose, aber meist anständige Respektspersonen in Nebenrollen verkörperte. Bereits während des Zweiten Weltkriegs hatte er kleinere Rollen in einigen Propaganda-Militärfilmen. Doch erst nach dem Krieg erhielt Donald auch im Film größere Rollen, so als Theo van Gogh in Vincente Minnellis Filmobiografie Vincent van Gogh – Ein Leben in Leidenschaft (1954) mit Kirk Douglas. Donalds wohl bekannteste Filmrolle war der britische Militärarzt Major Clipton in David Leans Kriegsepos Die Brücke am Kwai (1957), wobei er den berühmten Schlusssatz des Filmes („Madness! Madness!“) ausrief. Nach Die Brücke am Kwai spielte Donald auch noch in zwei weiteren Filmen, die die Gefangenschaft von Soldaten während des Zweiten Weltkrieges zum Thema hatten: Gesprengte Ketten (1963) und Sie nannten ihn King (1965). In einigen kleineren Filmen übernahm Donald auch Hauptrollen, bekannt von diesen Filmen ist heute vor allem noch der Science-Fiction-Thriller Das grüne Blut der Dämonen. Er spielte auch in vielen britischen Fernsehserien und Fernsehfilmen.
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https://www.fcac.co.uk/artist/james-donald/
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Fife Contemporary
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2014-09-24T13:47:00+00:00
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Work Experience – Selected 1995 – 2000, 2003 to 2014 Permanent part-time tutor, Art and Design Department, Dundee College of Further Education, Dundee. 2009 – 2013 Leith School of Art, Edinburgh Part-time tutor & Summer School Tutor. June – July... Read More
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Fife Contemporary
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https://www.fcac.co.uk/artist/james-donald/
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Work Experience – Selected
1995 – 2000, 2003 to 2014
Permanent part-time tutor, Art and Design Department, Dundee College of Further Education, Dundee.
2009 – 2013
Leith School of Art, Edinburgh Part-time tutor &
Summer School Tutor.
June – July 2009
Intern at Velvet Da Vinci’s, 2015 Polk Street San Francisco CA 94109 415.441.0109 – (Duties included developing an on line presence using on line tools to develop existing and attract new audiences).
2006 – 2007
Visiting lecturer, Scottish College of Textiles, Galashiels.
(Teaching weave to second year degree students and fourth year development work)
1996 – 1998, 2003
Part-time tutor / visiting lecturer, Constructed Textiles, Duncan of Jordanstone, Dundee
(Teaching Weave at Degree Level also involved on the R.A.E Programme).
2002
Visiting lecturer, Interior Design Department, Duncan of Jordanstone, Dundee.
2000 – 2001
Visiting tutor, School of Design & Applied Arts, Silversmith & Jewellery Department, Interior Design Department, Edinburgh College of Art, Edinburgh.
1997
Part-time tutor, Art and Design, Telford College, Edinburgh
Teaching Mixed Media at National Certificate Level.
August 1996 / 1998
Visiting lecturer, Canberra Institute of the Arts, Canberra
(Workshops in printmaking and drawing).
1995 – 1996
Part-time tutor, Textiles Department, Cumbria College of Art and Design, Carlisle
HNC and Degree Level Students, teaching weave and the design process.
1995 – 1996
Part-time tutor, Textiles Department, Stockport College, Stockport, Manchester
(Conducting workshops and teaching the design process).
1995 – 1996
Part- time tutor, Scottish College of Textiles, Galashiels
(Teaching weave to second year degree students).
Further Education
Solo Exhibitions – Selected
2010
Teaching Qualification in Further Education (TQFE) Dundee College of Further Education, Dundee, Scotland.
2008
Masters in Design, Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art, Dundee, Scotland.
1990 – 1993
B.Des Constructed Textiles, 1st Class Honours, Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art, Dundee, Scotland.
1998 – 1990
HND in Spatial Design, Newcastle College of Art & Design, Newcastle, England.
1985 – 1998
HNC in Spatial Design, Dundee College of Further Education, Dundee, Scotland.
2005.
Solo Show at Mitsukoshi Ltd, Tokyo, Japan.
1995.
Accident or Design, Out of the Blue Gallery, Edinburgh.
1994.
Scotsman Abroad, Canberra Institute of the Arts, Canberra, Australia.
Group Exhibitions – Selected
October 2014
Selected to represent Scotland at the World Crafts Council Conference in Dongyang, China October 2014.
03 Sep 2014 – 01 October 2014
Embrace – This exhibition brings together a collection of work from six textile artists to herald the beginning of autumn with a range of innovative and wearable designs at the The Scottish Gallery, Edinburgh
March/April 2012
Small Works – An exhibition by staff, invited artists and past members of Leith School of Art, Edinburgh, Scotland.
November 2011
Philadelphia Museum of Modern Art Craft Show, Philadelphia, USA.
September 2008
Masters Exposition – Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art.
30 September – 11 November 2006
Green: design-ED exhibition at the Collins Gallery, Glasgow.
October 2006
Origin: The London Craft Fair in association with the English Crafts Council.
22nd June -2nd July 2006
‘Sense of Identity – Contemporary Scottish Textiles’. Museum of Arts & Crafts, Itami, 2-5-28 Miyanomae, Itami, Hyogo, 664-0895, Japan.
April 2005
‘Surface, Structure, Shape’ Selected Show in Association with the British Crafts Council, Week long exhibition held in the Axis Building, Roppongi, Tokyo, Japan featuring the work from Michael Brennand-Wood, Katherine Coleman, Anna Lorenz, Joanne Kinnersly-Taylor, Matthew Harris, Effie Burns, Alison Welsh, Ann Catrin Evans, Nitin Goyal, Sharon Elphick, Lisa Hammond, Suresh Dutt and Joy Buttress.
March 2005
Selected by Applied Arts Scotland to exhibit as part of the Country Living Show, Edinburgh.
February 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008
San Francisco Contemporary Gift Fair, San Francisco, USA.
February 2003
Ambiente Frankfurt, Germany.
January 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2012
New York Contemporary Gift Fair, New York, USA.
November 2003 – In association with the English Crafts Council
The Philadelphia Museum of Modern Art Craft Show, Philadelphia, USA.
November 2011 – In association with Craftscotland
The Philadelphia Museum of Modern Art Craft Show, Philadelphia, USA.
Embrace brings together a collection of work from six textile artists to herald the beginning of autumn with a range of innovative and wearable designs
June 2012, 2013 and 2014
Art by the Water – Exhibition by artists at Coburg House Art Studios to celebrate the Leith Arts Festival 2012
August 2002
Artisan, Edinburgh.
October 2001, 2002 and 2004
Chelsea Crafts Fair, London in association with the English Crafts Council.
April 2001, 2002
Filo Yarn Fair, Milan in association with Gardiners of Selkirk.
October – December 2000
ABC goes to work, Edinburgh College of Art and Bridgeview Exhibition Space, Aberdeen.
November 2000
College Collective, Frames Contemporary Gallery, Perth, Scotland.
November – December 1999
“Context” Visual Research Centre, Dundee Contemporary Arts
Context is an exhibition which has toured Australia and Scotland. The exhibition explored the diversity of work produced by the staff in Constructed Textiles at Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art and Design.
Exhibitors: Janet Shelley, Gordon Brennan, Philippa J. Lauder, Sue Heathcote, James Donald and Victoria Smith.
1999
Printing History – 18 years of Megalo Access Arts, Canberra Musem and Gallery. The exhibition was selected and curated by Brandan Dahl and Peter Haynes.
1998
Context, exhibition highlighting the work of the lecturing staff from the Constructed Textiles Department, Duncan of Jordanstone, Canberra, Australia,
catalogue ISBN 899837 28 0.
1997
Northern Exposure, Invited Artist, Peacock Gallery, Aberdeen.
1996
SSA, 102nd Annual Exhibition, Selected Artist, Edinburgh.
1995
New Ground, the second Magalo artist space project, Canberra, Australia.
1993
From the Margin – Small Structures – Traveling Exhibition.
1993
New Designers – Islington, London, England.
Awards Received
2009.
Awarded the Creative Development Award by the then names Scottish Arts Council, now Creative Scotland.
2008.
AHRC funding which assisted my research to complete the Masters of Design at Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art, Dundee University, Dundee, Scotland.
2002.
Winner of British Crafts in Japan Award. Presented at the Chelsea Crafts Fair, October 2002 to the exhibitor who has created a body of work, which is deemed to be most appropriate for the Japanese market, demonstrates innovation of design and illustrates creativity in the use of materials.
2002.
Award from Scottish Arts Council (SAC) to represent Applied Arts Scotland at the New York gift fair in August, with a view to exhibit there as part of Scottish Select in 2003/2004.
2000.
Recipient of the Scottish Arts Council’s Award for Individual Development
1999.
Recipient of a City of Edinburgh Exhibition Grant
1999.
Recipient of a Lothian and Edinburgh Enterprise Ltd Export Grant
1993.
Angela Bradshaw Travel Award: I used this award to visit the USA and travel extensively in Australia during 1994
1991.
Finalist in Bacardi Rum Scottish Fashion Designer of the Year
Residencies
August 1996
Experimental Computer Aided Weave on the Recent Graduates Residency Program
Canberra Institute of the Art Canberra, Australia.
July 1994
One month residency, working with high school students in a workshop situation
Woodleigh High School Melbourne, Australia.
March – May 1994
Three month residency, which included student workshops
Canberra Institute of the Arts, Canberra, Australia.
March 1994
Two week residency, working with screen-printing techniques in a studio situation
Megalo Arts Centre Canberra, Australia.
Further Information
Japan 2004
Travelled to Tokyo, Japan on 26th March 2004 along with the British Crafts Council where PickOne took part in high profile appointments with leading retailers such as Axis, Matsuya Co. Ltd and Mitsukoshi Ltd.
April/ May 2003, 2004 and 2005
Selected to participate in the British Crafts Council Trade Mission to Japan.
Scottish Select 2001, 2002 and 2003
Chosen by Scottish Select to exhibit at the Made In Scotland trade show in January of each year. Scottish Select were looking for individually made pieces which demonstrated high quality design, craftsmanship and fresh innovaitive ideas within Scotland.
1994 Lecture Tour
Canberra School of Art, Canberra.
Tolopea Park School.
RMIT, Melbourne.
Tapestry Weavers Group, Melbourne.
Monash University, Melbourne.
Melbourne School of Millinery, Melbourne.
Hobart Art School, Hobart, Tasmania.
July 1998
Invited speaker at the SHIFT Textiles symposium in Canberra, Australia.
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https://benefieldfhwedowee.com/tribute/details/3657/James-Freeman/obituary.html
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Obituary of James Donald Freeman | Benefield Funeral Home
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Funeral services for James Donald Freeman, age 85, of Ranburne will be held on Saturday, May 18, 2024, at 3:00 PM Central time at Benefield Funeral C
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https://benefieldfhwedowee.com/tribute/details/3657/James-Freeman/obituary.html
|
Obituary of James Donald Freeman
Funeral services for James Donald Freeman, age 85, of Ranburne will be held on Saturday, May 18, 2024, at 3:00 PM Central time at Benefield Funeral Chapel with Bro. Ronnie Cook and Bro. Keith Benefield officiating. Burial will follow at Bowdon City Cemetery in Bowdon, Georgia.
The family will receive friends at the funeral home from 1:00-3:00 PM Central time on Saturday before services begin.
Mr. Freeman passed away on Thursday, May 16, 2024, at Regional Medical Center in Anniston, Alabama.
Survivors include his wife, Kathy Freeman of Ranburne; one sister, Marjorie Middlebrooks of Bowdon, GA; and a bundle of nieces and nephews.
Pallbearers will be Jamie Smith, Richie Smith, Tim Smith, Kevin Smith, Randall Smith, and Todd Freeman.
A Randolph County native, Mr. Freeman was born on February 15, 1939, the son of Carl and Ellie Mae Walker Freeman. He was Baptist by faith and worked for the Alabama Department of Transportation before retiring. Mr. Freeman was preceded in death by his parents and two brothers, T. J. Freeman and Sam Freeman.
Memorials may be floral.
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https://scottishhistorysociety.com/the-highland-clearances/
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The Highland Clearances
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https://scottishhistorysociety.com/the-highland-clearances/
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Brief account of events
From their very inception, the Highland Clearances have been among the most controversial subjects in modern Scottish history. There is no historical or contemporary consensus on the clearances – their causes, methods and results, both in the short and long term – and picking a path through this controversial area can be problematic. Much recent historical work has been done on the subject, however, so there is no shortage of material for the interested reader. We start here with a very brief account of the key events, from c.1750 to the twentieth century:
1750-1780: Agricultural change and ‘Improvement’ in a British context
Although often associated with resistance to change or ‘progress’, the Scottish Highlands had experienced revolutionary change in the eighteenth century. After the convulsions of the Jacobite rising and Culloden (1745-6), a new ethos of agricultural, economic and social ‘Improvement’ spread across the region, led by a handful of prominent improving landowners (Sir John Sinclair of Ulster, for example), professional surveyors and writers. Examples of estate improvement were set by the Forfeited Estates, the 11 estates forfeited and administered by the government as punishment for prominent landowners who had taken up the Jacobite cause. Drainage, enclosure, consolidation of larger farms, the introduction of new stock (sheep over black cattle, principally) and crop rotation became widespread. Essentially, Highland estates were being re-drawn along commercial lines, with increasing rents the target for owners and managers. This process had been in place from the seventeenth century, but the pace of change accelerated after 1746; the scene was set for a grander re-organisation, this time, of the population.
1780-1825: the ‘First Wave’ of clearances and Sutherland
The ‘first wave’ of clearances began as early as the 1780s and continued into the wake left by the end of the Napoleonic wars in 1815. Initially, the intention of most estate owners had been to retain and re-deploy the population to other parts of their estates, principally the coastal fringes so they could effectively prosecute the fishing and kelping industries; but later many evicted people entirely, disregarding relocation. Essentially, there was a great deal of variation, even within the ‘first wave’ of clearances, as to intention, execution and results.
An (in)famous example of the clearance policy can be seen on the Sutherland estates, between 1809 and 1821. The one million acre estate was owned by the Countess of Sutherland, who had made an advantageous marriage to Lord Stafford, one of the wealthiest men in the British Isles. With her husband’s investment and the ideological and organisational talent of her commissioner, James Loch, the Countess embarked on a comprehensive series of clearances, eventually relocating nearly 15,000 people. Their land in the interior was converted to sheep walks which brought high commercial returns and a new parallel crofting economy was established on the coastal fringes. The scale of these clearances was staggering, in cost and number of people involved, but the methods used to evict, associated with the vilified Patrick Sellar, made them stand out to both contemporaries and historians since.
The Sutherland clearances, despite being atypical in many ways, have come to symbolise the entire sweep of clearances in the early nineteenth century. The speedy and often violent process of clearance was often met with stiff resistance, although this was overcome in all cases.
1825-1855: the ‘Second Wave’ of clearances and the Great Highland Famine
After the great re-organisations of the 1800s and 1810s there was some consolidation on Highland estates, as managers and owners hoped the crofting population would bed-down into their new lots and employment (principally fishing and the production of kelp). The broader economic climate was adverse, however; the end of the Napoleonic wars brought tumbling prices, returning soldiers and a swift end to the dominance of kelp in the Highland economy. Poverty for the small tenants deepened, in spite of the Improvers’ predictions of economic stability; a serious warning shot came in 1836-7 when a potato blight hit the region, to be followed in 1846-8 with an even more serious subsistence crisis, recognised by contemporaries as the Great Highland Famine. Only the efforts of charities, landlords and the state prevented widespread mortality among the destitute population, and crofting rents collapsed. Many Highland landowners were bankrupted, but others saw the crisis as an opportunity to re-organise their estates along more profitable lines (most famously on the Duke of Argyll’s estate). Some historians have identified this as the ‘second wave’ of clearance, where landowners, dismayed by the destitution of their small tenantry (something which the ideology of the ‘first wave’ of clearances was meant to prevent), evicted the poorest class of small tenants and occasionally arranged, and paid for, emigration out of the region altogether.
1886 and beyond: the Crofters War and legislative atonement
Economic conditions stabilised after c.1855, and up to the 1870s, the Highland population experienced more favourable market conditions – rising prices for their goods and stable rent levels. This period of ‘relative prosperity’ came to an abrupt end in the winter of 1880-1, when a general agricultural depression began to bite, and terrible storms battered the region, with significant economic effects. Perhaps in part inspired by events in Ireland, crofters on the Macdonald estate on Skye resisted attempts by the landlord to remove sections of their grazings at Braes in April 1882, and the Crofters War began. This time, crofter protest and resistance spread across the region, affecting Skye, Lewis, Tiree and parts of western Sutherland particularly hard. Added to this was support from urban Scotland and a broadly sympathetic Liberal government under W. E. Gladstone. In 1883 he appointed a Royal Commission to investigate the claims of the crofters under Lord Napier, and this provided the historical and contemporary basis of state intervention in 1886, with the Crofters Holdings (Scotland) Act. This benchmark piece of legislation gave the Highland crofters security from eviction, the benefit of their improvements and set up a court, the Crofters Commission, to set crofters’ rents, adjudicate on arrears and facilitate extensions to crofts. This Act was followed in 1897 with the Congested Districts (Scotland) Act, which legislated for state land purchase on behalf of crofters and investment into the transportation and agricultural networks of the region, and then by Small Landholders (1911) and Land Settlement Acts (1919) aimed at addressing (with mixed success) the chronic land hunger of the region, which many blamed on the clearances of a century ago.
Changing Perspectives:
Origins – Alexander Mackenzie to Prebble
One of the first, and certainly most influential, texts written on the history of the Highland clearances was the book of that name by Alexander Mackenzie, an Inverness-based journalist and newspaper editor. He collected together a broad range of contemporary reports on the clearances of the early nineteenth century (nearly all less than complimentary about the clearance policy and its results) and published them as a single volume in the early 1880s, at the height of the crofters’ agitation in the region. It constituted a highly-charged critique of Highland landlordism and exposed the sufferings of the cleared population.
Mackenzie’s book set the tone for much of the published work on the Highland clearances up to the 1970s. The seemingly-intractable social and economic problems the region faced, particularly in the interwar period, lent Mackenzie and later authors’ analysis weight. Tom Johnston, the Scottish socialist and later, government minister, published a broadside against the Scottish aristocracy generally, and Highland landowners in particular in his 1909 book, Our Scots Noble Families. This debate was intensified in 1969 with the publication of John Prebble’s The Highland Clearances, an accessible, entertaining and best-selling account of the subject, which famously denounced the clearing landlords of the Highlands.
Key changes
By the 1970s, influenced by ideological changes in the academic profession at large, historians began to look at the Highland clearances from other angles, principally economics and demographics. These historians (such as Malcolm Gray’s in his seminal, The Highland Economy, 1957) asked fundamental questions about the Highland economy and population and put the clearances into the context of industrialisation and urbanisation.
From 1976, the work of James Hunter brought the focus back to the crofting community, based on a full academic apparatus of both archival and oral sources. Hunter continued the long tradition of condemnation of Highland landlordism, blaming them for stymieing the Highland economy for two hundred years, and interpreted the process as ‘class war’; for Hunter, the only resolution was state intervention.
Modern historiography of the clearances has opened up new fields of research and tapped previously ignored sources of evidence. Archaeological research on clearance sites, the work of historical geographers on the chronological shifts in the Highland economy, the use of estate archives and some more detailed work on Highland population history have all added to the bank of knowledge about the clearances.
Latterly, historians have opened up the areas of protest and government intervention in the Highlands (E. A. Cameron), the role of church ministers in Highland society (A. W. MacColl), the perspective of the landed estates (A. Tindley) and the influence of the Irish Land War on Highland events (A. G. Newby). Historical biography has also been utilised to great effect, particularly in E. Richards’ magisterial, Patrick Sellar and the Highland Clearances. The extent to which this new research has contributed to the public and political contemporary debate over the Highland Clearances is, however, questionable.
Documentary record
A plethora of contemporary sources are available for the interested scholar to use, although they are scattered across the country. One of the most valuable types of source material for the Highland clearances are the documentary archives of Highland estates; many collections of estate papers remain in private hands, although surveys of most have been completed by the National Register of Archives for Scotland. Additionally, some key collections have been placed in public hands, in the National Archives of Scotland and the National Library of Scotland (for example, the Sutherland estates papers, the Cromartie papers, Reay estate papers). Lastly, some collections of estate papers in the clearance period have been collected, edited and published under the auspices of the Scottish History Society series. Estate papers provide the historian with the most systematic account of clearance policy and implementation.
Local newspapers, often long-established, carry significant material on the clearances and their aftermath, in particular; the Northern Times, the Military Register, the Scotsman, the Oban Times and the Inverness Courier. For sources giving the small tenants’ perspective, the work of Donald Meek in collection and translation is vital (see for example D. Meek, Tuath is tighearna: tenants and landlords (Edinburgh, 1995). Government inquiries, reports and legislation throughout the nineteenth century also make fascinating reading; one of the most important when looking at the clearances is the evidence given to the 1883 Napier Commission, much of which was retrospective in character.
Key Figures
Patrick Sellar (1780-1851)
Patrick Sellar is perhaps the individual most closely associated with the Highland clearances; as one of the most successful evictors and sheep farmers, accused but acquitted of culpable homicide, he is also one of the most vilified characters in Scottish history. Sellar first came to prominence when he was employed by the Countess of Sutherland to coordinate large-scale clearances in Sutherland, which he undertook with gusto – not least because he would later rent the cleared lands himself for large-scale commercial sheep farming. He was, however, a difficult character, and came into conflict with both the Sutherland people and his employers, not least the Countess and her commissioner, James Loch. He ran into serious trouble in 1816 when accusations were made against him of culpable homicide and he was tried, but eventually acquitted, at Inverness. After the trial, Sellar settled into the life of a successful and wealthy sheep farming tenant on the Sutherland estate, a vocation he apparently excelled at. Although he escaped legal sanctions, Sellar (and his descendents) never escaped recurrent public vilification, and his reputation in current times has not improved.
Donald McLeod (?-1860)
Donald McLeod was born in Rossal, Strathnaver, Sutherland (date of birth unknown) and would become one of the most damaging critics of the clearances on the Sutherland estate. In 1814 he was an eye-witness to clearances in Strathnaver, carried out by Patrick Sellar; later he trained as a stone mason and emigrated to Canada. In the early 1840s, McLeod launched an unprecedented attack on the Sutherland estate via a series of letters published in the Edinburgh Weekly Chronicle, which claimed to be direct eye-witness accounts of the Strathnaver clearances of the 1810s. In 1857, motivated by Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Sunny Memories of Foreign Lands (1854), which included favourable impressions of the Sutherland family, McLeod re-published his letters in book form (Gloomy Memories in the Highlands of Scotland), plus a full rejection of Beecher Stowe’s arguments. McLeod died in Ontario in 1860.
James Loch (1780-1855)
James Loch, the ‘Sutherland Metternich’ was educated at Edinburgh in law, but would carve out a remarkably successful career as an estate manager and MP. He also stood at the head of a noted Loch ‘dynasty’ which remained influential throughout the nineteenth century in the fields of estate management, governance and the military. His role in the Highland clearances was as architect and apologist for the Countess of Sutherland from 1812. Although clearances had begun in Sutherland before his appointment, Loch organised them on a more extensive footing, and additionally published (in 1820) An Account of the improvement ethos and its results in practice on the estates of his employer, a book which has remained a key text for those interested in the clearances. He combined this work with parliamentary duties as MP for Wick Burghs, and the Loch influence on Sutherland continued after his death in 1855, when his son, George, also trained in law, took over the commissionership until his own death in 1879.
Sir John Sinclair (1754-1835)
Sir John Sinclair of Ulbster was a Caithness landowner born in Thurso, who would rise to become one of the most energetic and influential figures in Highland and Scottish ‘improving’ agriculture and social inquiry. He is best known today for sponsoring and organising the great social and economic survey The Statistical Account of Scotland (Old Statistical Account), based on information collected from parish ministers and published in 21 volumes from 1791-99. He was also a passionate improver and promoter of scientific agriculture; he belonged to many continental and British agricultural societies and was energetic in putting new systems in place on his own estate. Sinclair was convinced that the population on his estate could be re-deployed and that the introduction of sheep would not entail any diminishment of the numbers of small tenants. He was one of the first landowners in Caithness to introduce commercial sheep farming, a policy which led to large scale evictions on his lands and the creation of clearance villages (Badbea, for example) on the coastal fringes of his estates. Sinclair is a key figure in the history of the Highland clearances for his contribution to the development of the improving ideology behind them, and putting that ideology into practice.
Suggested reading
Classic studies and texts
A. Mackenzie, The History of the Highland Clearances (Inverness, 1883)
A. H. Miller (ed.) A Selection of the Forfeited Estates Papers preserved in H M General Register House and elsewhere (Edinburgh: Scottish History Society, 1909)
E. R. Creegan, Argyll Estate Instructions (Edinburgh: Scottish History Society, 1964)
J. Prebble, The Highland Clearances (Harmondsworth, 1969)
R. J. Adam (ed.), Papers on Sutherland Estate Management, 1780-1820, 2 vols., (Edinburgh: Scottish History Society, 1972)
E. Richards, The Leviathan of Wealth: the Sutherland fortune in the Industrial Revolution (London, 1973)
J. Hunter, The Making of the Crofting Community (Edinburgh, 1976)
Most recent books
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https://www.facebook.com/james.donald.754/
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Sieh dir auf Facebook Beiträge, Fotos und vieles mehr an.
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http://www.thetreeofus.net/52402.htm
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Ancestors of James Donald
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Home | Table of Contents | Surnames | Name List
This website was created 15 Aug 2022 with Legacy 9.0, a division of MyHeritage.com; content copyrighted and maintained by robynbray@ozemail.com.au
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https://www.northern-scot.co.uk/news/scissor-attacker-james-donald-jailed-285806/
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Courts in Moray: Scissor attacker James Donald jailed
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2022-08-26T15:35:02+00:00
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Sleeping victim required 11 stitches.
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Northern Scot
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https://www.northern-scot.co.uk/news/scissor-attacker-james-donald-jailed-285806/
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Click here to sign up to our free newsletters!
A Moray man has been jailed for cutting the face of his sleeping victim with a pair of scissors.
The victim fell asleep on a sofa inside a Elgin house.
He's said to have woken to find lacerations on his face which required 11 stitches.
Inverness Sheriff Court heard that the victim had no memory of how his injuries were inflicted,
Police were informed and a search of the property in Forbes Court uncovered a pair of scissors with blood on the tips.
Fiscal depute Susan Love stated that forensic analysis also found the DNA of 24-year-old James Donald on the handles.
Donald, of Mid Street, Keith, admitted the assault which occurred on November 4, 2020.
Defence solicitor Stephen Carty asked for his client not to be jailed.
Mr Carty said: "He has been on a 7pm to 7am curfew since 2020 and has complied with that.
"His explanation is that at the time he was under the influence of alcohol and drugs – and in the company of individuals he should not have been.
"The complainer's name had been mentioned in relation to a theft and he went there about it.
"He picked up the scissors to use as a threat but matters took a turn for the worse and he struck him once.
"He does not recall much more.
"After becoming aware that the police were looking for him, he went to speak to them.
"He has had custodial sentences in the past but he is a different individual now to what he was back then.
"He is settling down with his partner and she has a significant influence on him.
"In addition, he's has been doing voluntary work with a stonemason and is hopeful of getting an apprenticeship."
Donald, who's also lived in Elgin and Lossiemouth, was jailed for 13 months.
Passing sentence, Sheriff Eilidh Macdonald said: "This is a significant, violent act.
"There is no clear explanation how it came about, but you have previous convictions for violent offending.
"There is no alternative to a prison sentence for carrying out a violent attack with a weapon."
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James Donald
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[
"James Donald"
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"IMDb"
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James Donald. Actor: Gesprengte Ketten. Scottish-born actor James Donald was born in Aberdeen on May 18, 1917, and took his first professional stage bow some time in the late 30s. He finally attained a degree of stardom in 1943 for his sterling performance in Noël Coward's "Present Laughter", which starred Coward himself. Subsequent post-war theatre work included "The Eagle with Two Heads" (1947), "You Never Can Tell" (1948) and "The...
|
en
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IMDb
|
https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0232019/
|
Scottish-born actor James Donald was born in Aberdeen on May 18, 1917, and took his first professional stage bow some time in the late 30s. He finally attained a degree of stardom in 1943 for his sterling performance in Noël Coward's "Present Laughter", which starred Coward himself. Subsequent post-war theatre work included "The Eagle with Two Heads" (1947), "You Never Can Tell" (1948) and "The Heiress" (1949) with Ralph Richardson, Peggy Ashcroft and Donald Sinden.
Rather humorless in character with a gaunt, intent-looking face and no-nonsense demeanor, James made his debut in British films in 1942, fitting quite comfortably into the stoic war-era mold with roles in such noteworthy military sagas as In Which We Serve (1942) and The Way Ahead (1944). Ably supporting such top-notch actors as Spencer Tracy and Deborah Kerr in Edward, mein Sohn (1949) and Elizabeth Taylor and Stewart Granger in Beau Brummell - Rebell und Verführer (1954), he also managed to head up a number of films including Weiße Korridore (1951) in which he and Googie Withers play husband and wife doctors who try to balance career and marriage; Charles Dickens' Die Geschichten des Mr. Pickwick (1952) as "Nathaniel Winkle", and The Net (1953) as a scientist obsessed with his work. In addition, he earned superb marks for a number of quality films in the 1950s and 1960s. His portrayal of painter 'Vincent Van Gogh''s brother "Theo" in Vincent van Gogh - Ein Leben in Leidenschaft (1956) with Kirk Douglas, was quite memorable, as was his trenchant work in the WWII POW dramas Die Brücke am Kwai (1957), Gesprengte Ketten (1963), and Sie nannten ihn King (1965). Most of the men he played were intelligent, moral-minded and honorable. While continuing to perform on stage, he also gained TV exposure. James received an Emmy nomination for his role as "Prince Albert" opposite Julie Harris in Victoria Regina (1961), and performed the part of the cruel-eyed stepfather "Mr. Murdstone" in the period remake of David Copperfield (1970) toward the end of his career. Off the screen for a number of years, he died of stomach cancer on August 3, 1993 in England. He was 76.
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dbpedia
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https://www.archives.gov/research/military/ww2/d-day
|
en
|
Records Relating to D-Day
|
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2016-08-15T17:25:36-04:00
|
Enlarge Photograph No. 111-SC-194399 (War and Conflict Number 1040); General Dwight D. Eisenhower gives the order of the Day. Full victory-nothing else to paratroopers in England, just before they board their airplanes to participate in the first assault in the invasion of the continent of Europe, June 5, 1944. (National Archives Identifier 531217) Enlarge Reel No.
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en
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National Archives
|
https://www.archives.gov/research/military/ww2/d-day
|
D-Day, June 6, 1944, was part of the larger Operation Overlord and the first stages of the Battle of Normandy, France (also referred to as the Invasion of Normandy) during World War II. It was the culmination of the Allied powers strategy for the war and a multinational effort. The success of the D-Day invasion facilitated the opening of the Western Front of the War.
The National Archives (NARA) has in its holdings a multitude of records related to D-Day and its surrounding events. The records are held by various Archival units and are in many formats. This page provides a list of selected records to show the variety of information available as well as links to relevant resources.
Many records relating to D-Day are described in NARA’s National Archives Catalog
Selected List of Textual Records at NARA Relating to D-Day
Meteorological & Climatological Situation:
The following series contains information related to the meteorological situation on the days leading up to D-Day, which had a significant factor on the chain of events. Also included are reports about the sun, moon and tides.
Numeric Files, 7/1943 - 8/1944
Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF); G-3 (Operations) Division; Meteorological Section
Record Group 331, Entry UD-31C
1 Box
National Archives Identifier 601510
D-Day Message and Other Messages:
The following series contains information from a wide range of time and events. Decimal 335.18-2 contains information relating to D-Day, including the D-Day message Eisenhower issued to the troops participating in the invasion as well as other messages, notices and correspondence related to the dissemination of Eisenhower’s message.
Decimal Files, 1944 – 1945
Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF); Adjutant General's Division; Executive Section
Record Group 331, Entry NM8 56
208 Boxes
National Archives Identifier 613030
The following item from the Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library and Museum contains the message Eisenhower had drafted in case the invasion had failed.
In Case of Failure" Message Drafted by General Dwight Eisenhower in Case the D-Day Invasion Failed
Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David)
Series: Principal Files, 1916 - 1952
Collection: Eisenhower, Dwight D: Papers, Pre-Presidential, 1916 - 1952
1 Item
National Archives Identifier 186470
Invasion Planning:
The following series contain information related to the planning of the invasion covering a wide variety of topics including possible invasion locations, bombing targets, fleet composition, obstacles on beaches as well as underwater and deception plans.
Numeric Subject Files, 1943 - 08/1944
Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF); G-2 (Intelligence) Division; Operational Intelligence Sub-Division
Record Group 331, Entry NM-8 12
6 Boxes
National Archives Identifier 572342
Planning and Background Papers Pertaining to Operations Anvil and Overlord, 1942 - 1945
War Department. European Theater of Operations, U.S. Army. Office of the Adjutant General. Administration Branch.
Record Group 498, Entry UD 386
1 Box
National Archives Identifier 5725897
Correspondence and Communications Files, 04/14/1944 - 09/28/1944
Department of the Navy; Cruiser Division Seven
Record Group 313, Entry A-1 184
27 Boxes
National Archives Identifier 596804
WWII Operations Reports: Pre-Invasion Planning, 1940-1948
Department of the Army; The Adjutant General's Office;
Record Group 407, Entry NM-3 427D
Boxes 19216-19320
National Archives Identifier 305275
Note: This series covers a wider range of time and events than just D-Day and the Normandy Invasion.
Naval Operations:
The following series contain information related to the naval operations of D-Day.
Operation Neptune Report
War Department; European Theater of Operations; U.S. Army; Historical Division
Record Group 498, Entry UD 580
2 Boxes
National Archives Identifier 5821670
Plans, Orders, and Other Records, ca. 9/1943 - ca. 8/1944
Department of the Navy. Twelfth Fleet. Eleventh Amphibious Force
Record Group 313, Entry A-1 248
25 Boxes
National Archives Identifier 580950
Note: This series covers a wider range of time and events than just D-Day and the Normandy Invasion.
Reports, Communications, Correspondence Files:
The following series contain information related to reports, communications, and correspondence at various levels of command related to D-Day.
Reports Relating to Operation OVERLORD, 1944-1945
War Department; U.S. Forces; European Theater of Operations; Historical Division
Record Group 498, Entry UD 618
2 Boxes
National Archives Identifier 5880333
Report Entitled "Utah Beach to Cherbourg", 1944 - 1945 [VII Corps]
War Department; U.S. Forces; European Theater of Operations; Historical Division
Record Group 498, Entry UD 973
1 Box
National Archives Identifier 5891637
Decimal Correspondence Files, 1944 – 1945
Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF); G-4 Division; Executive Section
Record Group 331, Entry NM8 34
218 Boxes
National Archives Identifier 602967
Note: This series covers a wider range of time and events than just D-Day and the Normandy Invasion.
Battle Participation Awards:
The following series contains information related to awards files for participation in D-Day.
Records Related to Battle Participation Awards for the Battle of Normandy, 1944 – 1946
War Department; U.S. Forces; European Theater, Adjutant General Section
Record Group 498, Entry UD 422
2 Boxes
National Archives Identifier 5730570
American Battle Monuments Commission (ABMC) Cemeteries and Memorials:
The following series contains information on the ABMC's cemeteries and memorials related to D-Day. In particular the Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial located in Colleville-sur-Mer on the site of the temporary American St. Laurent Cemetery and the Brittany American Cemetery located on the site of the temporary American St. James Cemetery. The Private Monuments and Memorials series has information on monuments for a variety of units that were a part of D-Day.
World War II Cemetery and Memorial Files, 1947 - 1968
American Battle Monuments Commission
Record Group 117, Entry A1 9
82 Boxes
National Archives Identifier 20761886
Records Relating to Private Monuments and Memorials, May 22, 1922–February 1, 2017
American Battle Monuments Commission
Record Group 117, Entry UD-23D 6
25 Boxes
National Archives Identifier 312404972
Note: These series covers a wider range of time and events than just D-Day and the Normandy Invasion.
Background Files on D-Day Publications:
The following series contains the background files for Gordon A. Harrison’s "Cross Channel Attack", which is an in depth publication of D-Day published by the U.S. Army.
Background Files to the Study "Cross Channel Attack", 1947 – 1954
Department of Defense; Department of the Army; Office of the Chief of Military History
Record Group 319, Entry P 92
5 Boxes
National Archives Identifier 2133216
Anniversary Commemorations:
The following series contain information related to milestone anniversaries of D-Day and the Normandy Invasion. Some documents relate to a much larger World War II commemoration, but have extensive files on D-Day. The records relate to press coverage, speeches, plans and briefing files, photos, various heads of state participation, other nations schedules of events, as well as veterans and unit participation accounts.
Reports Relating to Commemorations of the Battle of Normandy and Other Battles in Europe, 1993 – 1995
Department of Defense; Department of the Army. U.S; 50th Anniversary of World War II Commemoration Committee
Record Group 335, Entry A1 1017
5 Boxes
National Archives Identifier 6861860
Records Concerning Observances of the 40th Anniversary of D-Day, Operation Market Garden, Victory in Europe (V-E) Day and other World War II Events, 1984 - 1985
Department of Defense. Department of the Army. Office of the Secretary. Office of the Chief of Public Affairs.
Record Group 335, Entry UD-06W 9
1 Box
National Archives Identifier 23869756
Note: These series cover a wider range of time and events than just D-Day and the Normandy Invasion.
The following items contain information related to the planning and work of the Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial Commission. The General'ly Speaking Dispatches is one of the Commission's publications and the issues listed below cover the anniversary commemorations of D-Day and the Normandy Invasion. The Revised Design Submission item includes updated plans for the memorial tapestry to be of the Normandy coastline including Pointe du Hoc, Omaha and Utah Beaches.
General'ly Speaking: Dispatches from the Eisenhower Memorial Commission, June 6 - 10, 2016
Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial Commission.
Series: Publications, 1999 - 2020
Record Group 220
1 Item (Digital)
National Archives Identifier 245042878
General'ly Speaking: Dispatches from the Eisenhower Memorial Commission, week of June 5, 2017
Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial Commission.
Series: Publications, 1999 - 2020
Record Group 220
1 Item (Digital)
National Archives Identifier 245042930
General'ly Speaking: Dispatches from the Eisenhower Memorial Commission Special Edition: 74th Anniversary of D-Day, June 6, 2018
Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial Commission.
Series: Publications, 1999 - 2020
Record Group 220
1 Item (Digital)
National Archives Identifier 245042978
General'ly Speaking: Dispatches from the Eisenhower Memorial Commission, June 6, 2019
Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial Commission.
Series: Publications, 1999 - 2020
Record Group 220
1 Item (Digital)
National Archives Identifier 2245043014
Revised Design Submission, January 5, 2017
Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial Commission.
Series: National Capital Planning Commission and Commission of Fine Arts Files, 2009 - 2020
Record Group 220
1 Item (Digital)
National Archives Identifier 245042684
Note: These series cover a wider range of time and events than just D-Day and the Normandy Invasion.
Requesting and Researching Records:
If you find records of interest in the National Archives Catalog and wish to order copies, please send your request to inquire@nara.gov and include the following information:
Record Group number or Collection information
Series title
National Archives Identifier (NAID) and title for the file unit or item
Container number (if available)
Name of NARA facility that has custody of the records
Your email address
Your mailing/postal address
If you only wish to have information about the records, please indicate that in your request. Otherwise, NARA will send you a price quote based on a page count for the selected item(s) or file unit(s). Please limit your request to 3 items or file units at a time.
Please Note: That although most records in NARA's custody are described at the series level in the National Archives Catalog, very few records have been digitized and accessible online.
The National Archives at St. Louis maintains the Official Military Personnel Files (OMPF) of veterans that served in the United States Armed Forces, including World War II. More information about records at our facility may be found at: https://www.archives.gov/st-louis/
For information regarding research at the National Archives, please visit our web page: Plan Your Research Visit.
Other NARA Resources:
National Archives Remembers 'The Great Crusade' (National Archives News)
Remembering the “Great Crusade”: 80th Anniversary D-Day Discussion (National Archives Recording of Live YouTube Broadcast)
France - Normandy Invasion: Omaha and Utah Beaches Photos of the Still Pictures Branch of the National Archives' Special Media Division
D-Day 75th Anniversary National Archives Animated GIPHY Story
75th Anniversary of D-Day National Archives Museum Event and Featured Documents
"75th Anniversary of D-Day" Pieces of History Blog of the National Archives
"D-Day and the Normandy Invasion" Virtual Exhibit on Google Cultural Institute
Today's Document D-Day Page
Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library and Museum:
Operation OVERLORD: A Guide to the Historical Holdings in the Eisenhower Library on Operation Overlord including the planning, invasion and campaign up to the breakout at Saint-Lô
D-Day: Planning Overlord Subject Guide
D-Day: The Invasion Subject Guide
Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library and Museum D-Day Page
Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library and Museum Twitter Page
Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum:
D-Day: FDR and Churchill’s “Mighty Endeavor” Special Exhibit for the 75th Anniversary of D-Day
A "Mighty Endeavor:" D-Day Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum D-Day Page
FDR’s D-Day Prayer from the Forward with Roosevelt Blog of the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum
Blog Posts:
"Airplanes Over France, June 6, 1944" from the Text Message Blog of the National Archives' Textual Records Division
"Finding My Father in the Archives" from the Text Message Blog of the National Archives' Textual Records Division
"The First D-Day Documentary" from the Unwritten Record Blog of the National Archives' Special Media Division
"Images of the Week: D-Day in Color" from the Unwritten Record Blog of the National Archives' Special Media Division
"A Newsreel Cameraman’s View of D-Day" from the Unwritten Record Blog of the National Archives' Special Media Division
"Patent of the Month: Higgins boats" from the AOTUS Blog of the Archivist of the United States
"Rebuilding After World War II: The Experience of Saint-Lo, France" from the Text Message Blog of the National Archives' Textual Records Division
Prologue Articles:
Prologue Publication Article Vol. 46, No. 1 Spring 2014 - "Ok, We'll Go", Just What Did Ike Say When He Launched the D-Day Invasion 70 Years Ago? by Tim Rives
Prologue Publication Article Vol. 38, No. 3 Fall 2006 - D-Day Classroom: Eisenhower Library Program Offers Students Lessons in History and Leadership
Teaching Resources:
National Archives Promotes Teaching the History of D-Day Using Primary Sources (National Archives News)
Teaching the 80th Anniversary of D-Day with Primary Sources (National Archives Recording of Live YouTube Broadcast)
DocsTeach: D-Day Message from General Eisenhower to General Marshall
DocsTeach: Message Drafted by General Eisenhower in Case the D-Day Invasion Failed and Photographs Taken on D-Day
Teaching With Documents: World War II Page with D-Day Images Included
Other U.S. Government Agency Links:
U.S. Army Europe D-Day
American Battle Monuments Commission (ABMC) Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial located in Colleville-sur-Mer, France
American Battle Monuments Commission (ABMC) Brittany American Cemetery
American Battle Monuments Commission (ABMC) Pointe du Hoc Ranger Monument
American Battle Monuments Commission (ABMC) Utah Beach American Memorial
American Battle Monuments Commission (ABMC) XI Amphibious Force Marker
American Battle Monuments Commission (ABMC) Dartmouth Monument
Library of Congress Veterans History Project: D-Day
"Cross Channel Attack" from the U.S. Army Center of Military History’s by Gordon A. Harrison
Normandy Invasion, June 1944 - Overview and Special Image Selection from the Naval History & Heritage Command
"The Normandy Invasion" from the U.S. Army Center of Military History
U.S. Army's D-Day page
"D-Day 1944: Air Power Over the Normandy Beaches and Beyond" from the U.S. Air Force History and Museums Program by Richard P. Hallion
"Allied Air Forces Paved Way for D-Day" from the U.S. Air Force News Section by Staff Sgt. Ryan Crane, U.S. Air Forces in Europe and Air Forces Africa
Other Related Links:
Normandy (France) Tourism Website: 75th Anniversary D-Day Commemoration and Events
Imperial War Museums (IWM) D-Day 75
Juno Beach Centre
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https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-james-donald-1461472.html
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Obituary: James Donald
|
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[
"Aberdeen",
"Actors And Actresses",
"Theatre",
"Old Vic Theatre",
"Internal"
] | null |
[
"Adam Benedick"
] |
1993-08-15T23:02:00+00:00
|
James Robert MacGeorge Donald, actor: born Aberdeen 18 May 1917; married; died West Tytherley, Wiltshire 3 August 1993.
|
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/img/shortcut-icons/favicon.ico
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The Independent
|
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-james-donald-1461472.html
|
James Robert MacGeorge Donald, actor: born Aberdeen 18 May 1917; married; died West Tytherley, Wiltshire 3 August 1993.
BEFORE the post-war cinema took him under its wing, James Donald had been flying as high in the West End theatre as any young actor of his generation. Tall, lean, dark, intelligent-looking, he seemed to have a care for language and a sharp-edged humour which might lead him to the top in a theatrical era ruled by Gielgud, Olivier, Redgrave and Co.
Could he be one of tomorrow's men? He had sensitivity and elegance. In some quarters his appeal was rated in the same breath as Scofield's, Burton's, Alan Badel's. There was something Byronic, thoughtful, unpredictable and refreshing in this churchman's son who had quit Scotland and a flirtation with academia (McGill and Edinburgh universities) for that least-known of theatrical quantities, the London Theatre Studio run for the Old Vic by that intellectual offshoot of the avant-garde French theatre, Michel Saint-Denis.
Saint-Denis was a sort of saint to intelligent young theatrical aspirants: a purist, an inspiration and utterly indifferent to the needs of the 'commercial' theatre. Very few of his students ever came to anything. In the days before subsidy and angry young men and social realism, it was Hugh (Binkie) Beaumont who ruled the British stage; but there was still the Old Vic.
After appearing in two of Saint-Denis' pre-war productions, Bulgakov's The White Guard, and Twelfth Night (with Michael Redgrave and Peggy Ashcroft) at the Phoenix, Donald found himself with a small part in Granville-Barker's 1940 production of Lear for Gielgud at the Old Vic and the not exactly onerous but surely honourable task of understudying Gielgud.
When the Old Vic was bombed out of the Waterloo Road, Donald toured as the supercilious young servant Yasha to Athene Seyler's Ranevska in The Cherry Orchard and, after the Old Vic's London seasons at the New, in St Martin's Lane, moved over to the Haymarket Theatre to join Noel Coward's company in 1943.
There Donald's success as the comically sanctimonious playwright in Present Laughter put him on the map. Some said he upstaged the self-indulgent Coward himself (as the matinee idol) by remaining so intensely serious as the indignant young writer with the endearing, grating voice.
It was his baptism as a Haymarket actor, and though the bright young men of the next generation might sneer at the label, not all the Haymarket plays in the 1940s and 1950s were 'safe' or 'cosy' or 'elegant'. Indeed, Cocteau's The Eagle Has Two Heads, in which Donald played the lover-assassin of Eileen Herlie's Ruritanian queen was a test of everybody's patience, with her record-breaking first-act speech judged by the stop-watches rather than dramatic interest; but Donald, a good listener, knew how to share the romantic limelight tactfully.
His next West End performance came 'by kind permission of Metro- Goldwyn Mayer' in Shaw's You Never Can Tell (Wyndham's) before his greatest break of all a few months later at - where else? - the Haymarket. In Henry James's sad story he was the cad who, having courted the 'plain' young spinster (Peggy Ashcroft) for her fortune, jilts her. When he comes calling again she turns him down flat. She too has learnt how to be cruel.
It was one of Ashcroft's greatest nights, but somehow Donald found a touch of pathos for the worthless lover; and so Laurence Olivier gave him the title-role opposite the adored Diana Wynyard in his next production as actor-manager at the St James's, a new play by a new playwright, Denis Cannan's Captain Carvallo. It was a high comedy of verbal exuberance and Shavian fancy, and it clinched Donald's reputation as one of the West End's most fashionable actors.
If there was no limelight left for him (or anybody else) to share with Edith Evans in Christopher Fry's The Dark is Light Enough (Aldwych, 1954), his career in films as men of conscience rather than action - The Small Voice (1948), Trottie True (1949), White Corridors (1951), The Gift Horse (1952), Beau Brummell (1954) - was by then going strong.
He also ventured into theatrical management with his wife while continuing as an occasional Haymarket actor (The Doctor's Dilemma, The Wings of the Dove) in an era of sharply changing theatrical tastes. Firing from the West End at Sloane Square and the East End at Stratford East, the enemy of elegant dialogue and elegant acting was at the gates.
James Donald was not the only player of his kind to find an outlet in the cinema in the coming decades, as one of its most familiar, reliable and agreeable actors whose character stood for decency and common sense - The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957), King Rat (1965), The Jokers (1967), David Copperfield (1969), The Royal Hunt of the Sun (1969), Conduct Unbecoming (1975). But it was a long way in more ways than one from the theatrical dreams and schemes provoked by Saint-Denis at the London Theatre Studio in the late 1930s.
(Photograph omitted)
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James Donald
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2024-06-21T19:20:11-07:00
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Genealogy for James Donald (c.1843 - d.) family tree on Geni, with over 260 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives.
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Donald, James Charlton (1867-1913)
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2016-08-26T18:08:23+00:00
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James Charlton Donald was a broker who lived at 1034 Gilford Street from 1907 to 1911 and in 1913. His wife, Ethel, lived at 1034 Gilford Street (or at 1038 Gilford Street) for much of the time from 1918 to 1939. James Charlton Donald was born on May 3, 1867, in Norwich, Ontario. His father…
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https://westendvancouver.wordpress.com/biographies-a-m/biographies-d/donald-james-charlton-1867-1913/
|
James Charlton Donald was a broker who lived at 1034 Gilford Street from 1907 to 1911 and in 1913. His wife, Ethel, lived at 1034 Gilford Street (or at 1038 Gilford Street) for much of the time from 1918 to 1939.
James Charlton Donald was born on May 3, 1867, in Norwich, Ontario. His father was Rev. William Donald (1835-1899) (one source says he was born in 1838). James’s mother was Mary Ella Charlton (1842-1930).
In 1871, James was living with his parents in Port Hope, Ontario. In 1881, he and his parents were in Pictou, Nova Scotia.
In the late 1880s the family moved to California, where William Donald was a clergyman in the Pacific coast town of Carpinteria.
By 1892, James was in San Francisco, California. He was a reporter for the San Francisco Call newspaper.
On April 17, 1895, in San Francisco, James married Ethel Moore. She was born in San Francisco on October 11, 1871. Her father was Robert Moore. Her mother was Francis Amelia Pidwell. (Robert Moore and Francis Pidwell were married in Victoria, British Columbia, on February 19, 1861.)
After the honeymoon, James and Ethel returned to San Francisco, where they lived at 2028 Steiner Street.
By 1896, James was with the Associated Press in San Francisco.
In 1899, James and Ethel moved from San Francisco to Vancouver.
James and Ethel were in Vancouver at the time of the 1901 Canada census. They lived at the following addresses in Vancouver.
1902 1600 Robson Street 1903 to 1906 1373 Robson Street 1907 to 1911 and 1913 1034 Gilford Street
From 1902 to 1904, James was the city editor of the Vancouver Province newspaper.
From 1905 to 1911, he was in a real estate business with Robert Andrew Corbet (1870-1928).
In 1912 and 1913, James had his own real estate business.
He belonged to the Vancouver Club, the Jericho Country Club, and the A.F. & A.M. (Ancient Free and Accepted Masons).
On the morning of October 16, 1913, James walked from his house at 1034 Gilford Street to Simpson’s boathouse on English Bay. He got into a small boat and started to row across the bay to the golf club at Jericho Beach. He never arrived. In the afternoon, two men found James’s boat floating in the bay. His coat and hat were in the boat, along with only one oar. The police and James’s friends looked in the waters of English Bay, but they could not find any trace of him.
A tugboat captain discovered James’s body floating on the bay six weeks later, on November 30, 1913. The coroner concluded that James’s death resulted from accidental drowning. James was buried in Mountain View Cemetery in Vancouver.
Ethel did not appear in the Vancouver directories from 1914 to 1917. For some of this time she was in California.
In 1918 she was at 1034 Gilford Street. (At some point around 1923, 1038 Gilford Street appeared in the directories along with 1034 Gilford. It appears that the house was divided into two suites, resulting in two addresses: 1034 Gilford and 1038 Gilford.)
1920 to 1923 number 20, 920 Bidwell Street (listed as Mrs. G. Donald in 1922 and 1923) 1924 to 1925 1034 Gilford Street 1926 number 20, 920 Bidwell Street 1927 1034 Gilford Street 1928 number 14, 920 Bidwell Street 1929 to 1930 1034 Gilford Street (listed as 1038 Gilford Street in 1930) 1931 number 16, 1853 Nelson Street (listed as Jas. C. Donald) 1932 to 1939 1034 Gilford Street (listed as 1038 Gilford Street from 1933 to 1939) 1940 number 4, 1108 Nicola Street
In 1914 and 1927, Ethel appeared in the Vancouver society directories.
For a time, Ethel was a social correspondent for The Province newspaper. She belonged to the Jericho Country Club and the Georgian Club.
Ethel died in Vancouver on January 15, 1941. She was buried in Mountain View Cemetery in Vancouver.
James and Ethel had a daughter.
Marcia Dorothea Donald
Marcia Dorothea Donald was born in Los Angeles, California, on February 4, 1913.
For a time she worked as a stenographer.
On June 10, 1939, she married David William Davidson, who was a salesman. He was born in Calgary, Alberta, in 1913. His father was David Frederick Davidson (1881-1955). His mother was Ivah Seeton Schwartz (1883-1935).
David William Davidson had studied at the University of Alberta. He moved to Vancouver, where he worked for Parsons, Brown Limited.
In 1939, David joined the Seaforth Highlanders. He served extensively in Europe during the Second World War.
During the war, Marcia served with the Canadian Red Cross in London, England.
After the war, David and Marcia returned to Vancouver. David became the sales manager for Parsons, Brown.
In 1955, David was the manager of the real estate department of Yorkshire Corporation
David died in 1995. He was buried in the Union Cemetery in Calgary, Alberta. Marcia was an executor of David’s estate.
Marcia died in Kamloops, British Columbia on November 28, 2008.
Sources
William Donald (father of James Charlton Donald)
William Donald, http://www.ancestry.com.au/genealogy/records/william-donald_31967186: “Born in Rattray, Perth, Scotland on 17 Jan 1835 to James Donald and Catherine McIntosh. William married Mary Ella Charlton and had 3 children. He passed away on 5 Jul 1899 in Carpentaria, California, USA.”
“Canada Census, 1871,” database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M43Y-NP7 : 13 November 2014), William Donald, Port Hope, East Durham, Ontario, Canada; citing p. 44, line 2; Library and Archives Canada film number C-9979, Public Archives, Ottawa, Ontario; FHL microfilm 4,396,303.
Pictonians in the Pulpit: The Ministers and Churches in the Town of Pictou; http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~nspictou/elect_text/Pictonians_ch_3.htm: What has long been known as Prince Street Church, Pictou, was originally a section of the field of Dr. McGregor and Mr. Ross. it was formed into a separate congregation in 1801, as the Harbor District. . . . Rev. William Donald followed, from 1878 to 1883.”
“Canada Census, 1881,” database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MVX9-VJR : 18 November 2014), William Donald, Pictou (Town), Pictou, Nova Scotia, Canada; citing p. 117; Library and Archives Canada film number C-13175, Library and Archives Canada, Ottawa, Ontario; FHL microfilm 1,375,811.
“Sudden Death of a Pioneer Preacher,” San Francisco Call, Volume 86, Number 37, 7 July 1899, page 3; http://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SFC18990707.2.14.10.4&srpos=5&e=——-en–20–1–txt-txIN-%22william+donald%22——-1:
“Santa Barbara, July 6.— Rev. William Donald, one of the oldest pioneers in Carpenteria, was found dead at his home in Carpenteria at 9 o’clock last evening.
Deceased was 55 years of age and a native of Scotland. He leaves a widow and one daughter, Mrs. Judge Oster of San Bernardino, and two sons, one of whom is James Donald, connected with the Associated Press in San Francisco. Mrs. Donald is at San Bernardino visiting her daughter.”
“Called to His Reward; Funeral of Rev. William Donald at Carpinteria,” San Francisco Call, Volume 86, Number 39, 9 July 1899, page 3; http://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SFC18990709.2.56&srpos=4&e=——-en–20–1–txt-txIN-%22william+donald%22——-1
“Carpinteria. July 8.—The entire valley of Carpinteria was In mourning to-day at the obsequies of the Rev. William Donald, pastor of the First Presbyterian church here, who died suddenly on Wednesday evening, aged 64, after almost thirty-nine years of continuous ministry. The church was crowded at the services, which were In charge of the Presbytery of Santa Barbara. Rev. W. E. Dodge, the moderator, presided and the old clergymen who took part were: Rev. A. H. Carrier. D. D., of Santa Barbara: Rev. R. H. Van Pelt of Hueneme and Rev. Messrs. Alexander of Santa Paula, and Rowland and McLean of Carpinteria. The pall bearers were the elders end deacons of the local Presbyterian Church.”
“Funeral of a Beloved Pastor,” Los Angeles Herald, Number 282, July 9, 1899, page 3; http://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=LAH18990709.2.35&srpos=11&e=——-en–20–1–txt-txIN-%22william+donald%22——-1
“Funeral of a Beloved Pastor
Carpinteria, July B.—The entire valley was In mourning today at the obsequies of the Rev. William Donald, pastor of the First Presbyterian church here, who died suddenly on Wednesday evening, aged 64, after almost thirty-nine years of continuous ministry. The services were in charge of the Presbytery of Santa Barbara. Rev. W. E. Dodge, the moderator, presided, and the other clergymen who took part were Rev. A. H. Carrier, D. D., of Santa Barbara, Rev. R. H. Van Pelt of Hueneme, and Rev. Messrs. Alexander of Santa Paula and Rowland and McLean of Carpinteria. The pall-bearers were the elders and deacons of the local Presbyterian church.”
“Find A Grave Index,” database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QV22-722R : 13 December 2015), William Donald, 1899; Burial, Carpinteria, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America, Carpinteria Cemetery; citing record ID 79885133, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=79885133
Carpinteria Cemetery, Santa Barbara Genealogical Society, http://santabarbaragenealogy.org/carpinteria_cemetery/carpinteria_d.php:
Name Sx Birth Death Age Interment Mortuary Place of Birth Place of Death Vet Location Marker Remarks DONALD, William M 1838 Jul 5, 1899 61 Scotland Santa Barbara Co, CA 222, 1 stone death date from pre-1905 death index
Mary Ella Charlton (mother of James Charlton Donald)
Mary Ella Charlton, http://www.ancestry.com.au/genealogy/records/mary-ella-charlton_17542861: “Born in South Dumfries, Ontario, Canada on 1842 to Michael Charlton and Mercy Maria Bowerman. Mary Ella married William Donald and had 3 children.”
“Canada Census, 1871,” database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M43Y-NPM : 13 November 2014), Ella C Donald, Port Hope, East Durham, Ontario, Canada; citing p. 44, line 3; Library and Archives Canada film number C-9979, Public Archives, Ottawa, Ontario; FHL microfilm 4,396,303.
Canada Census, 1881, Ella Donald; birth: 1843, Ontario; residence: Pictou (Town), Pictou, Nova Scotia, Canada; http://data2.collectionscanada.gc.ca/e/e325/e008123140.pdf
“United States Census, 1900,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M959-WVN : 25 January 2015), Ella C Donald in household of Frank F Oster, San Bernardino Township San Bernardino city Ward 2, San Bernardino, California, United States; citing sheet 7B, family 152, NARA microfilm publication T623 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.); FHL microfilm 1,240,097.
“United States Census, 1910,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MVLR-B9S : 29 October 2015), Ella C Donald in household of Frank F Oster, San Bernardino Ward 2, San Bernardino, California, United States; citing enumeration district (ED) ED 118, sheet 5A, NARA microfilm publication T624 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.); FHL microfilm 1,374,107.
“United States Census, 1920,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MHQB-25D : 14 December 2015), Ella C Donald in household of Frank F Oster, Los Angeles Assembly District 71, Los Angeles, California, United States; citing sheet 8A, NARA microfilm publication T625 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.); FHL microfilm 1,820,112.
“United States Census, 1930”, database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XCV6-SNL : 8 December 2015), Ella C Donald in entry for Frank F Oster, 1930.
“California Death Index, 1905-1939,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QKSM-BVT7 : 5 June 2015), Ella C Donald, 26 Dec 1930; citing 64305, Department of Health Services, Vital Statistics Department, Sacramento.
James Charlton Donald
James Charlton Donald, http://www.ancestry.com.au/genealogy/records/james-charlton-donald_108288992: “Born on 3 May 1867 to William Donald and Mary Ella Charlton. He passed away on 16 Oct 1913 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.”
“Canada Census, 1871,” database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M43Y-NP9 : 13 November 2014), James C Donald in household of Ella C Donald, Port Hope, East Durham, Ontario, Canada; citing p. 44, line 4; Library and Archives Canada film number C-9979, Public Archives, Ottawa, Ontario; FHL microfilm 4,396,303.
San Francisco Call, Volume 77, Number 132, 21 April 1895, page 21; http://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SFC18950421.2.181&srpos=1&e=21-04-1895-21-04-1895-189-en–20-SFC-1–txt-txIN-Ethel+Moore—-1895—1: “Moore-Donald. The wedding of Miss Ethel Moore, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Robert Moore, and James CharIton Donald, the popular journalist, took place at St. Paul’s Episcopal Church last Wednesday evening. The edifice, which was not large enough to accommodate all the guests who had assembled to witness the ceremony, was artistically decorated with yellow roses and eschscholtzias. As the organist played the Tannhauser wedding march the bridal party entered, led by Miss Margaret Granley, a five-year-old niece of the bride, who acted as page, and was followed by the ushers — Frederick W. Searby, W. Kimball Briggs, S. E. Tucker and Frederick S. Myrtle. Then came the maid of J honor, Miss Gertrude Moore, sister of the bride, and lastly the bride, leaning on the arm of her father.
The bride’s gown was of ivory en train. The corsage was high and trimmed with chiffons of white lace and real orange-blossoms from the orange-grove of her father near Riverside. The maid of honor was attired in a yellow silk trimmed with ribbons and lace. She carried yellow roses. Mrs. Moore, mother of the bride, wore an elaborate red Irish poplin gown en train and trimmed with lace. The mother of the groom wore a black silk with long train and cream lace collar. Her ornaments were pearls. The ceremony was performed by Rev. W. J Maxwell Reilly, rector of the church, and when he had pronounced the blessing Frank Coffin sang the matrimonial hymn of the Episcopal church. At the conclusion of the ceremony Mendelssohn’s Wedding March was played as the party left the church and proceeded to the residence of the bride’s parents, 2620 Sacramento street, where a reception was held. The bride and groom left Thursday on a wedding trip through Southern California, and on their return will reside at 2028 Steiner street.”
San Francisco Call, Volume 77, Number 153, 12 May 1895, page 21; http://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SFC18950512.2.218&srpos=1&e=——-en–20–1–txt-txIN-%22james+charlton+donald%22——-1: “Mr. and Mrs. James Charlton Donald will be at home on the second and fourth Sundays, at 2028 Steiner street.”
“California Great Registers, 1866-1910,” database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:VYDZ-XDQ : 26 November 2014), James Charlton Donald, 1896; citing Voter Registration, 2028 Steiner, San Francisco, California, United States, county clerk offices, California; FHL microfilm 977,258.
“Around the Corridors,” San Francisco Call, Volume 86, Number 125, 3 October 1899, page 6; http://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SFC18991003.2.74&srpos=9&e=–1880—1930–en–20-SFC-1–txt-txIN-%22j+c+donald%22——-1: “J. C. Donald, attached to the Associated Press service in this city, and formerly a member of The Call’s local staff, is leaving for Vancouver. B. C., where he proposes residing permanently. While still remaining connected with the Associated Press, Mr. Donald expects to engage in commerce in the northern city.”
“Canada Census, 1901,” database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:KHVN-VGP : 13 November 2014), James Donald, D, Burrard, British Columbia, Canada; citing p. 11, Library and Archives of Canada, Ottawa ; http://automatedgenealogy.com/census/View.jsp?id=59766&highlight=4&desc=1901+Census+of+Canada+page+containing+James+Donald.
“New York Passenger Arrival Lists (Ellis Island), 1892-1924,” database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:JJGQ-KZ7 : 6 December 2014), James Carlton Donald, 18 Sep 1911; citing departure port London, arrival port New York, ship name Minnewaska, NARA microfilm publication T715 and M237 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.).
“British Columbia Death Registrations, 1872-1986; 1992-1993”, database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:FLL1-XY4 : 30 September 2015), James Charlton Donald, 1913.
“Broker Drowned in English Bay; J.C. Donald Believed to Have Fallen Out of His Rowboat Yesterday,” Vancouver Province, October 17, 1913, page 34:
“Mr. J.C. Donald, a well-known broker, was drowned yesterday in English Bay, having apparently fallen out of a rowboat while on his way to the Country Club at Jericho Beach to play golf. He left his home, 1034 Gilford street, at 9:30 o’clock with a laugh in his heart and a joke on his lips, went to Simpson’s boathouse, chatted pleasantly for a moment with several workmen who were painting a pier and started across the bay. At 2 o’clock the boat was found by Messrs. William Burchell and Robert Nickerson. It was then floating about a mile off Kitsilano. In it were Mr. Donald’s coat, containing some personal papers, and his hat. One oar was also missing. It looks as if one oar had “caught a crab”—failed to hold the water and also slipped out of the rowlock—causing the oarsman in trying to recover it, to fall overboard. This theory is strengthened by the fact that Mr. Donald was not an experienced oarsman. He could not swim.
Mr. Donald leaves a wife and one child a year old. He was a brother-in-law of Major J.S. Tait and Mr. Walter E. Graveley. He was a member of the Vancouver and Country clubs and especially amongst a large acquaintance of business men was well-known and very popular.
Born in Nova Scotia 43 years ago, Mr. Donald lived quite a number of years in the United States. He was a newspaperman in San Francisco, first on the Examiner and later was day editor for the Associated Press. He came to Vancouver ten years ago, was with the World Newspaper for a few months and later joined the editorial staff of The Province. A year or two later he formed a partnership with Mr. R.A. Corbet, and continued under the firm name of Corbet & Donald until a couple of years ago.”
“Fear Drowning is Untimely End of J.C. Donald; Coat and Hat of Well-Known Broker Found Drifting in Boat on Bay Yesterday,” Vancouver World, October 17, 1913, page 28.
“Waters Do Not Yield Body of J.C. Donald Said to be Drowned,” Vancouver Sun, October 18, 1913, page 1.
“J.C. Donald’s Body Found; After Six Weeks Remains of Dead Broker Are Recovered,” Vancouver Province, December 1, 1913, page 24.
“J.C. Donald’s Body Yielded by Waters Is Towed to Shore; Remains of Well-Known Vancouver Real Estate Broker Are Found Drifting at English Bay—Six Weeks Ago Deceased Left Home to Crow Bay in Rowboat to Jericho Club,” Vancouver Sun, December 1, 1913, pages 1-2.
“Waters of Bay Give up Body of Late J.C. Donald,” Vancouver World, December 1, 1913, page 4. [Describes discovery and identification of body. “The late Mr. Donald was a member of Acacia Lodge, A.F. & AM., and also a member of the Scottish Rite degree. The funeral, which will be under the auspices of the Masonic order, is to be held on Wednesday at 2 p.m. from the Masonic Temple.”]
“Donald’s Death Due to Accident; Verdict of Coroner’s Jury After Inquiring Into Circumstances Surrounding Demise of Well-Known Broker Whose Body Was Found in English Bay,” Vancouver World, December 2, 1913, page 20.
James Charlton Donald, death notice, Vancouver Sun, December 1, 1913, page 18: “Donald—Death occurred Oct. 16, 1913, of James Charlton Donald, of 1034 Gilford St. Remains are now at Nunn & Thomson’s parlors. Funeral announcement later.”
James Charlton Donald, death notice, Vancouver Sun, December 3, 1913, page 14: “Donald—The funeral of the late James C. Donald will be held this afternoon at 2 o’clock from the Masonic temple, corner of Georgia and Seymour streets, under the auspices of Acacia lodge No. 22, A.F. & A.M.”
James C. Donald, death notice, Vancouver Province, December 4, 1913, page 22; Vancouver Sun, December 4, 1913, page 14: “Donald—The funeral of the late James C. Donald took place yesterday at 2 o’clock from the Masonic Temple and was largely attended by his many friends. Services under the auspices of the Acacia Lodge No. 22, A.F. & A.M. Interment took place in the Masonic Cemetery. Nunn & Thompson were in charge.”
“Funeral of Mr. Donald,” Vancouver Province, December 4, 1913, page 26.
“Find A Grave Index,” database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVV5-33Z1 : 13 December 2015), James Charlton Donald, 1913; Burial, Vancouver, Greater Vancouver Regional District, British Columbia, Canada, Mountain View Cemetery; citing record ID 26302045, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=26302045.
Ethel was the sole beneficiary under James’s will. On May 28, 1914, she also became the administrator under the will. Mr. G.L. Edwards became the trustee of the estate’s real property. Further details of the administration of the estate appear in Donald v. Jukes (1920) 28 British Columbia Reports 215 (British Columbia Court of Appeal); https://open.library.ubc.ca/media/download/pdf/bcreports/1.0357303/0; affirmed by the Supreme Court of Canada: Jukes v. Donald, (1920) 60 Supreme Court Reports 652; http://canlii.ca/t/21v6j.
Robert Moore (father of Ethel Moore)
“British Columbia Marriage Registrations, 1859-1932; 1937-1938,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:JD87-X6D : 21 January 2016), Robert Moore and Frances Amelia Pidwell, 19 Feb 1861; citing Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, British Columbia Archives film number B09707, Vital Statistics Agency, Victoria; FHL microfilm 2,073,299.
“United States Census, 1880,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M6PX-RHG : 14 July 2016), Robert Moore, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States; citing enumeration district ED 219, sheet 330B, NARA microfilm publication T9 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.), roll 0079; FHL microfilm 1,254,079.
Frances Amelia Pidwell (mother of Ethel Moore)
“British Columbia Marriage Registrations, 1859-1932; 1937-1938,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:JD87-X6C : 21 January 2016), Robert Moore and Frances Amelia Pidwell, 19 Feb 1861; citing Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, British Columbia Archives film number B09707, Vital Statistics Agency, Victoria; FHL microfilm 2,073,299.
“United States Census, 1880,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M6PX-RHP : 14 July 2016), Frances A Moore in household of Robert Moore, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States; citing enumeration district ED 219, sheet 330B, NARA microfilm publication T9 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.), roll 0079; FHL microfilm 1,254,079.
“California, Northern U.S. District Court Naturalization Index, 1852-1989”, database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:K8Z4-MKH : 25 April 2016), Frances Amelia Moore, 1901.
“United States Census, 1920,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MH7V-HM8 : 14 December 2015), Frances A Moore, San Rafael, Marin, California, United States; citing sheet 6B, NARA microfilm publication T625 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.); FHL microfilm 1,820,120.
“United States Census, 1930”, database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XCDH-XR3 : 8 December 2015), Frances A Moore, 1930.
“California Death Index, 1905-1939,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QKS9-CY86 : 5 June 2015), Frances Moore, 1931; citing 60483, Department of Health Services, Vital Statistics Department, Sacramento.
“California Death Index, 1905-1939,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QKS9-CY88 : 5 June 2015), Frances Moore, 1931; citing 62784, Department of Health Services, Vital Statistics Department, Sacramento.
Ethel Moore (wife of James Charlton Donald)
“United States Census, 1880,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M6PX-RHY : 14 July 2016), Ethel Moore in household of Robert Moore, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States; citing enumeration district ED 219, sheet 330B, NARA microfilm publication T9 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.), roll 0079; FHL microfilm 1,254,079.
“Canada Census, 1901,” database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:KHVN-VG5 : 13 November 2014), Ethel Donald in household of James Donald, D, Burrard, British Columbia, Canada; citing p. 11, Library and Archives of Canada, Ottawa; http://automatedgenealogy.com/census/View.jsp?id=59766&highlight=5&desc=1901+Census+of+Canada+page+containing+Ethel+Donald.
Society, B.C. Saturday Sunset, February 13, 1909, page 8: “Another exceedingly charming bridge was given on Monday evening by Mrs. J.C. Donald [includes list of guests].
B.C. Saturday Sunset, March 13, 1909, page 4: “Mrs. J.C. Donald has been confined to the house for the last week with a severe attack of grippe.”
B.C. Saturday Sunset, April 3, 1909, page 8: “Mr. and Mrs. J.C. Donald entertained at dinner on Tuesday evening in honor of Dr. and Mrs. Morris, of Vernon.”
“New York Passenger Arrival Lists (Ellis Island), 1892-1924,” database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:JJGQ-KZW : 6 December 2014), Ethel Donald, 18 Sep 1911; citing departure port London, arrival port New York, ship name Minnewaska, NARA microfilm publication T715 and M237 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.).
Society, Vancouver Province, July 11, 1914, page 8: “Mrs. J.C. Donald has let her residence on Gilford Street to Mr. and Mrs. Hodges and has taken a suite in Denham Court.”
Society, Vancouver Province, July 11, 1914, page 8: “Mrs. Hulme entertained at two table of bridge in honor of Mrs. J. C. Donald, who will leave shortly for California to spend the winter.”
“British Columbia Death Registrations, 1872-1986; 1992-1993”, database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:FLGV-FQ8 : 30 September 2015), Ethel Moore Donald, 1941.
“Mrs. J.C. Donald Is Called by Death,” Vancouver Province, January 16, 1941, page 7:
“Collapsing in her apartment at 1108 Nicola street, Mrs. J.C. Donald died on Wednesday evening. Friends say she had been in good health up to that time and had been out during the afternoon.
A resident of Vancouver for 47 years, Mrs. Donald was formerly a social correspondent for The Vancouver Daily Province.
Mrs. Donald is survived by a daughter, Mrs. David Davidson, wife of Captain Davidson, now serving overseas.
Two sisters, Mrs. W.E. Graveley and Mrs. J.S. Tait; two sisters in England, Mrs. R. Allen Cousens and Mrs. J.A. Meldrum, and one in California, also survive.
Funeral arrangements are in the hands of Center & Hanna.”
Mrs. J.C. Donald, Vancouver Sun, January 17, 1941, page 4; https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ATJlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=L4kNAAAAIBAJ&pg=2763%2C1954466: “Funeral services for Mrs. Ethel Moore Donald, widow of J.D. Donald and resident of Vancouver 40 years, will be conducted in St. Paul’s Church, 1130 Jervis Street, by Rev. Canon H.G. King at 1:30 p.m. Saturday; burial, Mountain View Cemetery. Center & Hanna have charge of arrangements.”
Ethel Moore Donald, death notice, Vancouver Province, January 17, 1941, page 21; Vancouver Sun, January 17, 1941, page 17; https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ATJlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=L4kNAAAAIBAJ&pg=4880%2C2024030: “Donald—On Jan. 15, 1941, at her residence, 1108 Nicola St., Ethel Moore, widow of James Charleton Donald, aged 69 years. Survived by 1 daughter, Mrs. David Davidson, in England; 5 sisters, Mrs. M.B. Atkinson, California; Mrs. W.E. Graveley, Mrs. John S. Tait, city; Mrs. R.A. Cousens and Mrs. J.A. Meldrum in England. Funeral service in St. Paul’s Anglican Church, Sat. afternoon at 1:30 o’clock, Rev. Canon Harold G. King officiating. Committal Masonic plot, Mountain View Cemetery. Center & Hanna, directors.”
“Find A Grave Index,” database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVV5-33Z4 : 13 December 2015), Ethel Moore Donald, 1941; Burial, Vancouver, Greater Vancouver Regional District, British Columbia, Canada, Mountain View Cemetery; citing record ID 26302044, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=26302044.
Marcia Dorothea Donald (daughter of James Charlton Donald)
“To Marry in June,” Vancouver Province, May 10, 1939, page 10 (includes photograph of Marcia Dorothea Donald): “Mrs. James Charlton Donald announces the engagement of her daughter, Marcia Dorothea, to Mr. David William Davidson, elder son of Mr. David Frederick Davidson of this city, formerly of Calgary, and the late Mrs. Davidson. Rev. Canon Harold King will officiated at the wedding ceremony, which will take place quietly in St. Paul’s Anglican Church at 2 o’clock on the afternoon of Saturday, June 10.”
British Columbia Marriage Registrations, Registration Number: 1939-09-473660; David William Davidson and Marcia Dorothea Donald; date of marriage: June 10, 1939; place of marriage: Vancouver; http://search-collections.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/genealogy-images/AnnualData2015/MRG/MRG_1939473660.jpg.
“Miss Marcia Donald Married to Mr. D. Davidson at St. Paul’s; Small Reception at Co. J.S. Tait’s Follows Ceremony at St. Paul’s Anglican Church,” Vancouver Province, June 12, 1939, page 8 (includes photograph of Mr. and Mrs. David Davidson.)
“Marcia Donald Weds at Quiet Home Ceremony,” Vancouver Sun, June 12, 1939, page 7; https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=yTFlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=MIkNAAAAIBAJ&pg=2860%2C1696876.
David William Davidson and Marcia Dorothea Donald, wedding notice, Vancouver Province, June 12, 1939, page 13: “Davidson-Donald—On June 10, 1939, in St. Paul’s Anglican Church, by Rev. Canon Harold G. King, David William, elder son of Mr. David Frederick Davidson, formerly of Calgary, and the late Mrs. Davidson, to Marcia Dorothea, daughter of Mrs. Donald and the late James Charlton Donald.”
Stone Canyon Resources Ltd. SEC Info; http:///www.secinfo.com/dVs8j.32g.d.htm:
“Freehold Petroleum and Natural Gas Lease dated April 6, 1995 between Marcia Dorothea Davidson and John Bosdet, executors of the Estate of David William Davidson, as lessors and Westhill Petroleum Ltd., as lessee granted for a primary term of five years from April 6, 1995 (the “Davidson/Bosdet Lease”). [Petroleum and natural gas in the NE ¼ of Section 20-23-28W4M.]
Freehold Petroleum and Natural Gas Lease dated April 6, 1995 between Marcia Dorothea Davidson, as lessor, and Westhill Petroleum Ltd., as lessee, granted for a primary term of five years from April 6, 1995 (the “Davidson Lease”) [Petroleum and Natural Gas in the S 1.2 of Section 20-23-28-W4M].”
Marcia Dorethea Davidson, death notice, Published in Vancouver Sun and/or The Province on Dec. 12, 2008; http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/vancouversun/obituary.aspx?n=marcia-davidson&pid=121287389: “Davidson, Marcia Dorethea. Died peacefully at Pine Grove Care Lodge in Kamloops on Friday, November 28. Marcia was born in Los Angeles, California on February 4, 1913 and resided most of her life in Vancouver, B.C. She served with the Canadian Red Cross in London, England during World War 2. Marcia was predeceased by her husband of 58 years David William and survived by her daughter Jocie McLean (Ernie) and her son David Davidson (Karen) and 4 Grandchildren, Lee, Rob, Ericka and Gina, and 3 Great-Grandchildren, Angelina, Liam and Zoie. A Family Graveside Service will be held in the Spring of 2009 in Calgary, Alberta.”
David William Davidson (husband of Marcia Dorothea Donald)
British Columbia Marriage Registrations, Registration Number: 1939-09-473660; David William Davidson and Marcia Dorothea Donald; date of marriage: June 10, 1939; place of marriage: Vancouver; http://search-collections.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/genealogy-images/AnnualData2015/MRG/MRG_1939473660.jpg.
David William Davidson, Who’s Who in British Columbia, 1944-1945-1946, Vancouver, S. Maurice Carter, 1945, pages 64-65. [Similar to entry in Who’s Who in British Columbia, 1947-1948, page 54, below.]
David William Davidson, Who’s Who in British Columbia, 1947-1948, Vancouver, S. Maurice Carter, 1948, page 54: “Davidson, (Major) David William—Born 1913 in Calgary, Alta.; son of D.F. Davidson. Was educated at University of Alberta. Came to Vancouver and was connected with Parsons, Brown Ltd. Joined the Seaforths 1939 and served in England, Sicily, Italy, Belgium, Germany, and Holland and finished as Brigade Major. Mentioned and received the O.B.E., returned to British Columbia, and is now Sales Manager for Parsons Brown Ltd. Married 1939 to Marcia Dorothy, daughter of James Donald. Recreations: golf, riding. Religion: Anglican. Residence: 3981 West 1st Avenue, Vancouver. Office: 535 Homer St., Vancouver, B.C.”
“Canada Census, 1916,” database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:KM5D-13R : 5 November 2014), David Davidson, Alberta, Canada; citing p. 48, line 24; Library and Archives Canada, Ottawa, Ontario; FHL microfilm 2,434,964; http://data2.collectionscanada.ca/006003/t-21949/pdf/31228_4363978-00248.pdf. (father of David William Davidson)
“Canada Census, 1916,” database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:KM5D-13T : 5 November 2014), Ivah Davidson in household of David Davidson, Alberta, Canada; citing p. 48, line 25; Library and Archives Canada, Ottawa, Ontario; FHL microfilm 2,434,964; http://data2.collectionscanada.ca/006003/t-21949/pdf/31228_4363978-00248.pdf (mother of David William Davidson).
“Canada Census, 1916,” database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:KM5D-13Y : 5 November 2014), David Davidson in household of David Davidson, Alberta, Canada; citing p. 48, line 26; Library and Archives Canada, Ottawa, Ontario; FHL microfilm 2,434,964.
“California Death Index, 1940-1997,” database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:VPNG-XKC : 26 November 2014), David Fred Davidson, 07 Mar 1955; Department of Public Health Services, Sacramento. (father of David William Davidson)
“Find A Grave Index,” database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVGJ-M6Z3 : 13 December 2015), David F Davidson, ; Burial, Calgary, Calgary Census Division, Alberta, Canada, Union Cemetery; citing record ID 123511930, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=123511930. (father of David William Davidson).
“Find A Grave Index,” database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVGJ-M6Z8 : 13 December 2015), Ivah S Davidson, ; Burial, Calgary, Calgary Census Division, Alberta, Canada, Union Cemetery; citing record ID 123588019, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=123588019. (mother of David William Davidson).
“Find A Grave Index,” database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVG5-YXWW : 13 December 2015), David W Davidson, ; Burial, Calgary, Calgary Census Division, Alberta, Canada, Union Cemetery; citing record ID 133898199, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=133898199. [Birth: 1913; Death: January 25, 1995]
Elsie Donald (sister of James Charlton Donald)
“California Great Registers, 1866-1910,” database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:VNN8-XPZ : 26 November 2014), Frank Frederick Oster, 01 Jun 1898; citing Voter Registration, San Bernardino No 5, San Bernardino, California, United States, county clerk offices, California; FHL microfilm 977,093.
“United States Census, 1910,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MVLR-B9M : 29 October 2015), Elsie D Oster in household of Frank F Oster, San Bernardino Ward 2, San Bernardino, California, United States; citing enumeration district (ED) ED 118, sheet 5A, NARA microfilm publication T624 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.); FHL microfilm 1,374,107.
“United States Census, 1920,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MHQB-25Z : 14 December 2015), Elsie D Oster in household of Frank F Oster, Los Angeles Assembly District 71, Los Angeles, California, United States; citing sheet 8A, NARA microfilm publication T625 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.); FHL microfilm 1,820,112.
“United States Census, 1930”, database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XCV6-9W2 : 8 December 2015), Elsie D Oster in entry for Frank F Oster, 1930.
“California Death Index, 1905-1939,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QKS9-8F8D : 5 June 2015), Elsie D Oster, 1936; citing 74253, Department of Health Services, Vital Statistics Department, Sacramento.
History of the Bench and Bar of California: Being Biographies of Many Remarkable Men, a Store of Humorus and Pathetic Recollections, Accounts of Important Legislation and Extraordinary Cases, Comprehending the Judicial History of the State, by Oscar T. Shuck; Clark, New Jersey, The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd., 2007 (reprint of original edition: Los Angeles, Commercial Printing House, 1901), page 730; https://books.google.ca/books?id=9XaU8GY32hUC&pg=PA730&lpg=PA730&dq=%22frank+f+oster%22+california&source=bl&ots=JwFvxuuuev&sig=1yIXHJjs1L9XkSGwW4At0B_N7vo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiquoPastvOAhVKxWMKHQAwAiYQ6AEIJTAE#v=onepage&q&f=false; page 733; https://books.google.ca/books?id=9XaU8GY32hUC&pg=PA733&lpg=PA733&dq=%22rev.+william+donald%22+california&source=bl&ots=JwFvxuuqdv&sig=WXk5JZ_JxVgqTACAzw-UPCkskvY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjG94aWsdvOAhUI6GMKHRcfDSIQ6AEIPDAH#v=onepage&q&f=false
“California Death Index, 1940-1997,” database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:VPK3-142 : 26 November 2014), Frank Oster, 22 Jun 1946; Department of Public Health Services, Sacramento.
“California Births and Christenings, 1812-1988,” database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:V2XL-5Y4 : 6 December 2014), Donald Oster, 30 Sep 1894; citing San Bernardino, San Bernardino, California; FHL microfilm 1,290,185.
Frances Alice Moore (sister of Ethel Moore)
“British Columbia Death Registrations, 1872-1986; 1992-1993”, database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:FLG7-2NR : 30 September 2015), Frances Alice Graveley, 1944.
Lilian Nelson Moore (sister of Ethel Moore)
“British Columbia Death Registrations, 1872-1986; 1992-1993”, database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:FLRD-G9D : 30 September 2015), Lilian Nelson Tait, 1955.
Robert Andrew Corbet (real estate and insurance in Vancouver)
“Canada Census, 1871,” database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M4QC-SS1 : 13 November 2014), Robert Corbet in household of Margaret Corbet, Owen Sound, North Grey, Ontario, Canada; citing p. 32, line 6; Library and Archives Canada film number C-9954, Public Archives, Ottawa, Ontario; FHL microfilm 4,396,339.
Canada Census, 1881, Robert A. Corbet; birth: 1870, Ontario; residence: Owen Sound, Grey North, Ontario, Canada; http://data2.collectionscanada.gc.ca/e/e328/e008194070.pdf
“Canada Census, 1901,” database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:KHVJ-3DP : 13 November 2014), Robert Corbet in household of Margaret Corbet, D, Burrard, British Columbia, Canada; citing p. 1, Library and Archives of Canada, Ottawa.
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https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/oct/09/why-was-i-so-obsessed-with-him-my-seven-years-in-search-of-jimmy-saviles-secrets
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en
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‘Why was I so obsessed with him?’: my seven years in search of Jimmy Savile’s secrets
|
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[
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] | null |
[
"Dan Davies",
"www.theguardian.com"
] |
2023-10-09T00:00:00
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The journalist who knew the presenter best spent years investigating what was behind the outlandish persona. But it was only after Savile’s death that the monstrous truth became clear<br>
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en
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the Guardian
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https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/oct/09/why-was-i-so-obsessed-with-him-my-seven-years-in-search-of-jimmy-saviles-secrets
|
I have vivid memories of the day Jimmy Savile died: 29 October 2011, the day before my 41st birthday and two days before he would have turned 85. According to him, the proximity of our birthdays was significant: he was “full warlock”, having been a Halloween baby, whereas I was only half.
I had spent the previous seven years interviewing Savile at his homes in Leeds and Scarborough, in cafes and on seafronts, at the Athenaeum Club in London and even aboard the QE2. Since 2004, I had quizzed him about his colourful life, his role in pivotal moments in the story of postwar British culture, the extraordinary circles of influence that he had moved in.
It was a journey that began as a nine-year-old boy at the recording of an episode of Jim’ll Fix It. Like every other child in the studio audience that evening, I had gone expecting to witness magic. What I left with was an unwanted insight into the unvarnished reality of pre-recorded television, and a strange ambivalence about the show’s host.
There was a suggestion of menace in his manner. For someone that every kid from that era felt as if they knew, Savile came across to me as remote, cold and unapproachable. These feelings were reawakened as a teenager when I read his autobiography. I was struck by his evangelical zeal, his fascination with death, his all-consuming obsession with money and the frequent references to his encounters with teenage girls, inevitably followed by cheerful accounts of how he had made narrow escapes from suspicious parents.
As an adult, I was sent to interview him for a magazine in 2004. The interview, which took place at his penthouse flat in Leeds, lasted well into the night.
What I reported led to further, increasingly bizarre magazine profiles. He regaled me with details of the more unlikely aspects of his career: his papal knighthood, his status as a “Special Friend of Israel”, his highly influential role at Broadmoor hospital, the power he exerted within the BBC and his very personal relationships with Prince Charles, Diana, Princess of Wales and Margaret Thatcher.
The interviews began to last for days, not hours. He invited me to stay with him and, on one occasion, I was afforded the “honour” of sleeping in the bedroom he kept as a shrine to his mother, Agnes, who he referred to as “the Duchess”. The room, with its tiny single bed and cupboard filled with her clothes, draped in polythene covers, was a capsule representing what ultimately mattered to Savile.
Agnes Savile exerted an extraordinary hold over her seventh and youngest child. In his answer to my very first question, he described himself as “a not-again child”, because he was unplanned and, very possibly, unloved. His mother’s approval was of enormous significance to Savile, in life and, I believe, well beyond her death in 1972.
As the years went by, it began to feel as if I was serving a purpose for him. Through these long-form articles, I was blowing on the flickering embers of his celebrity, providing the oxygen of publicity at a time when he was fast becoming an increasingly sinister relic.
What crystallised through this process, however, was a determination to go further than magazine articles; I wanted to write a book about how and why one of Britain’s most recognisable men was one of its least known.
At first, he was fiercely resistant to the idea, claiming that he had written his own autobiography only because he’d got wind that a journalist was planning an unauthorised life story. Controlling the narrative was paramount. Over time, though, he started to come around to the idea, as long as he could, in his words, “correct everything” that I’d got wrong.
Such an approach would have ensured a black line through the dark rumours that swirled, despite the status he had assiduously burnished as a charity fundraiser, confidant of rock stars and royalty, popes and prime ministers. I pressed him on the whispers and innuendo in every interview we did. His variety of rebuttals always seemed to start from a position of guilt.
“I have a phrase when someone puts a story in a tabloid about underage sex,” he once told me. “I say: ‘It would be a lot worse if it was true.’ They say: ‘Are you saying it’s not true?’ I say: ‘I’m not saying nothing, but it would be a lot worse if it was true.’ Of course it’s not bastard true.”
Having trawled the archives of every national newspaper for references to Savile, I never once found a story that alleged he had had sex with minors. We now know that this was not because journalists and the police did not suspect, or even have evidence in some cases; it was because Savile was highly litigious and extremely well connected.
On another occasion at his flat in Leeds, he broke off our interview to take a telephone call. A scandal had erupted around historic abuse at the Haut de la Garenne children’s home in Jersey, which Savile had visited in the early 1970s. A photograph had emerged of him at the home, surrounded by kids. Throughout the call, which, it was made clear, was with his lawyers, he never once stopped looking at me.
After he put the phone down, he showed me the letter his legal team had prepared for the publication in question, and reiterated how much money he had made from suing newspapers. I put it to him that he had spent the best part of 50 years in the media spotlight and never been the subject of so much as a kiss’n’tell. Why, given this spotless record, were the tabloids so intent on hunting him?
“How the hell should I know?” he grunted. “The only thing you can expect from pigs is shit.” I will never know for sure whether he was actually speaking to his lawyers or had stage-managed the episode as a warning to me.
Late on the night of our last ever interview, almost a year before his death, Savile was slumped in his armchair, sucking on a giant cigar and drinking a succession of double whiskies. He maintained that he had only started drinking alcohol after his quadruple heart bypass in 1997. Perhaps it was the scotch, but he was in an unusually reflective mood, troubled even, when he suddenly launched into a bitter and totally unsolicited diatribe about the conviction of Gary Glitter.
He was adamant that the glam rock star, real name Paul Gadd, had done nothing wrong beyond having “a few dirty pictures” on his personal computer. Savile proceeded to lay the blame for Glitter’s demise squarely with the press.
I countered that the singer had, in fact, been convicted and imprisoned for a series of sexual abuse charges involving minors. We were seated in the front room that overlooked Scarborough Bay. That was where I left him. But Savile did not leave me.
Feeling deeply uncomfortable about what he had said, I decided that I needed to distance myself from him and the well-polished stories he told, shaped and fitted around his narrative. Instead, I would start finding and talking to people that knew or encountered Savile in the many different compartments of his mysterious life.
The plan was to track down as many of them as possible and work my way in, gradually breaching the impenetrable facade that he had erected around himself. What I hoped this would result in was a final, climactic meeting in which I would confront him with what they, rather than he, had told me. His death robbed me of that opportunity.
When the news broke I felt ashamed that I’d been unaware he’d even been ill. My wife had organised a surprise birthday party for me in a pub near our home in London. My friends were there waiting for me, but I was in no mood for socialising. Savile’s passing provoked such a storm of conflicting emotions that I cried tears of frustration, anger and, I’ll admit it, sorrow.
Spending so much time in Savile’s company was like being in a hall of mirrors. I was never quite sure of where I stood or what I believed. The rumours were so persistent, and he was so brazen about the “fun” he’d had with youngsters during his years as a pied piper for the nascent pop generation, a fixer of dreams and a latter-day saint, and yet he had never been exposed.
I was sure that his evasiveness, his refusal to be known, was connected to the darkness that seemed to emanate from him. But while it proved impossible to access its source, and none of his victims had been heard, I was left only with conjecture.
He often boasted to me of his hard-man antics as a dancehall manager in Manchester and Leeds during the 1950s and early 60s, talking with relish about the violence his bouncers inflicted on troublemakers, and the fact that local police officers were firmly in his pocket. Could it be that Savile had been responsible for someone’s death, that a beating meted out in the back room in a provincial nightclub had gone too far? It was one theory of many.
Oddness was a badge that he wore with pride. He was also capable of kindness, although his motives for such acts are now hard to fathom. He could be charming one minute and as blunt as an anvil the next. His idea of humour remained firmly at odds with the 21st century, and he never, ever laughed at himself. At times it was as difficult to smile weakly at his punchlines as it was to breathe under the low-hanging cloud of cigar smoke that enveloped him.
Our interviews were wide-ranging, but there were certain avenues of conversation that he always shut off. One was his father, Vincent. Another was his siblings. I later discovered that Johnny, one of two older brothers, was sacked from Springfield psychiatric hospital in London on grounds of gross misconduct. He’d sexually assaulted a female patient.
In the aftermath of his exposure, Savile’s nephew, Guy Marsden, told me about how, as a teenager in the late 1960s, he had run away to London with some friends. They had been picked up at Euston station by a stranger and taken to a house nearby. A few days later, Savile came to the house and did not act in the least bit surprised to see his sister’s son. Savile moved his nephew and friends into another flat, taking them to parties attended only by children and men. Marsden said his own father, Herbert, hated Savile. Guy also believes that Savile was responsible for getting him a term in borstal.
The book I wrote, In Plain Sight: The Life and Lies of Jimmy Savile, was a very different story to the one I had struggled with for so long; the one that felt like a millstone around my neck while he continued to lead me on, hinting at what existed beyond the clownish persona without ever revealing the truth.
It took until almost a year after his death for the facade that he had built, and protected so fiercely, to crumble to dust. It did so under an onslaught of testimonies from people he had abused.
The first were interviewed by Meirion Jones and the late Liz MacKean of Newsnight, not long after Savile’s three-day, quasi-state funeral, which I attended. Their investigation was shelved by the BBC.
The dam finally broke when an ITV documentary aired in early October the following year, featuring survivors of his abuse. In the time that had elapsed since his death, I had spoken with many more people than I would have been able to while he was alive.
The reason for this is that Savile compartmentalised his life, keeping the people he knew, influenced and abused as far away from each other as possible. What emerged from these conversations was a picture of the real Jimmy Savile. It depicted the very thing that he’d had so many different ways of denying.
The Reckoning, the powerful BBC drama that airs tonight starring Steve Coogan, has stirred waters stilled by the passage of nearly 10 years. Watching someone play me, recreating exchanges I had with Savile, is a surreal and unnerving experience, as was meeting Coogan on location, in full Savile guise and makeup.
Neil McKay, the scriptwriter, has amplified aspects of the relationship and altered certain facts and timelines in the name of a cohesive drama. But the story is the one that I wrote in In Plain Sight.
There is not a day that passes where I don’t wonder why I chose Savile. Of all the people to become obsessed with, to follow and agonise over, why did it have to be him? It is a question that provides no answer. The only consolation I can find is that my instincts were right.
The boxes containing the many tapes, interview transcripts, newspaper cuttings and research articles that went into my book are taped shut and piled high in a shed. I don’t want them in the house in which my three children live.
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https://www.rulon.com/pages/books/45648/james-donald/chamberss-english-dictionary-pronouncing-explanatory-and-etymological-with-vocabularies-of
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Chambers's English dictionary. Pronouncing, explanatory, and etymological. With vocabularies of Scottish words and phrases, Americanisms, &c. Edited by James Donald
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London & Edinburgh: W. & R. Chambers, 1872. First edition of the Chambers brothers' first general dictionary, large 8vo, pp. viii, 952; text in double column; an occasional woodcut illustration in the text; preliminaries a little foxed, else a near fine copy in original brown cloth stamped in gilt and black, spine slightly discolored. 13 copies in OCLC, 5 in the U.S., and only the BL copy in England! Item #45648
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Rulon-Miller Books
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https://www.rulon.com/pages/books/45648/james-donald/chamberss-english-dictionary-pronouncing-explanatory-and-etymological-with-vocabularies-of
|
London & Edinburgh: W. & R. Chambers, 1872. First edition of the Chambers brothers' first general dictionary, large 8vo, pp. viii, 952; text in double column; an occasional woodcut illustration in the text; preliminaries a little foxed, else a near fine copy in original brown cloth stamped in gilt and black, spine slightly discolored. 13 copies in OCLC, 5 in the U.S., and only the BL copy in England! Item #45648
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https://glasgowmuseumsartdonors.co.uk/2018/09/09/james-donald-1830-1905/
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James Donald (1830-1905)
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2018-09-09T00:00:00
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James Donald was one of the principal donors to the Kelvingrove Gallery. Over his lifetime, he collected paintings from The Hague School, French Barbizon School and also from British artists such as Turner and Constable. Towards the end of nineteenth century, he also used to loan a number of his paintings to exhibitions held in…
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https://s1.wp.com/i/favicon.ico
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Glasgow Museums Art Donors Group
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https://glasgowmuseumsartdonors.co.uk/2018/09/09/james-donald-1830-1905/
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James Donald was one of the principal donors to the Kelvingrove Gallery. Over his lifetime, he collected paintings from The Hague School, French Barbizon School and also from British artists such as Turner and Constable. Towards the end of nineteenth century, he also used to loan a number of his paintings to exhibitions held in Glasgow and Edinburgh. The bequest to the Gallery from James Donald in 1905, which contained paintings of the nineteenth century Dutch, French and British oil paintings and watercolours, set the foundation for the Kelvingrove Galleries’ Impressionist Collection. During his lifetime, James Donald also made significant donations to his home town of Bothwell.
James Donald was born in 1830 in Bothwell, Lanarkshire. His parents were Mr John Donald, a grocer and spirit dealer in Bothwell and Mrs Jane (Lang) Donald. He had two older brothers, John born in 1826 and Gavin born in 1828 and a younger brother Robert who died in infancy. After the deaths of his father John Donald in 1834, when our donor was only four years old, and his brother John Jr. in 1841 [1], his mother Mrs Jane Donald found herself running the business as grocer and spirit dealer alone and looking after two young boys. This difficult period in the Donald Family’s life is somehow relieved when Mrs Donald, our donor’s mother married George Miller, a manufacturing chemist in 1843 (the Banns were proclaimed in Bothwell and Glasgow). In the 1851 census, it is recorded that the family has moved to 3 James Street, Calton, Lanarkshire near Bridgeton. However, in this census, our donor, James Donald is not listed with the family. The occupation of Mr Miller, James Donald’s stepfather is listed as the Head of the household and his occupation is described as manufacturing chemist employing 74 men in his firm.
From the Glasgow Post Office Directories 1905-1906 [2] the name and the address of his stepfather’s Chemical Manufacturing firm to be:
Miller, George, & Co., gas coal-tar distillers, manufacturers of sulphate of ammonia, naphthas, benzoles, pitch, carbolic acid, creosote, and dipping oils; 40 West Nile Street.
The works; 89 Rumford St.
Miller, Geo., commission agent; 20 Smith St., Hillhead.
In the 1861 census, the Miller Family is still in Glasgow but James is still not with them. At the time of the 1861 census, the family had moved to 137 Greenhead St, Calton, Glasgow. In the 1871 census, James Donald re-appears. He is now 39 years old and the address is Wingfield Bothwell Lanarkshire. He is recorded as the stepson of the Householder George Miller (retired manufacturing chemist) and his occupation is recorded as Manufacturing Chemist.
During this period (1861), there appears to be a court case taken against George Miller and Company by the famous chemist James (Paraffin) Young and others with regard to some dispute over patent infringement [3]. However, the name of James Donald does not appear in the records quoted.
James Donald’s stepfather George Miller of Wingfield Bothwell died on the 5th January 1877. His estate was valued [4] at £13,649 8s 5d with an additional estate of £410.
In the 1881 census, James appears on the census as living at 5 Queens Terrace, Barony, Lanark. He is the head of the house and his brother Gavin is staying with him. There is also a domestic servant in the house by the name of Margaret Nicholson. In the 1891 census, it is recorded that James is now 60 years old and married to Emily Mary. Mr and Mrs Donald are living with their daughter also called Emily. There are four others in the household. Their address is recorded as: 5 Queens Terrace, Barony, Lanark.
In the 1901 census, James Donald appears in the English Census as living in 96 Anerly Park, Anerly, London SE, Borough of Camberwell, Hamlet of Penge. He is living with his wife Emily Mary and two servants. His son-in-law Harry Busby lives with Emily at 94 Anerly Park, Anerly, London.
On the 16th March 1905, Mr James Donald died. The following notice was recorded in the Death Notices of the Glasgow Herald [5] of 21st March 1905:
Donald, – At 96 Anerly Park Anerly, London on 16th March (inst.) James Donald also of 5 Queens Terrace, Glasgow – Friends please accepts this (the only) intimation.
The key words which was used in this search was ‘manufacturing chemist’, the profession of Mr James Donald. It was evident that James Donald, the donor, worked in his stepfather’s firm, George Miller and Co. in Glasgow as a Manufacturing Chemist. Because of the scientific nature of his profession, initially, it was assumed that he might have been a graduate of Glasgow University. However, a search in the register of graduates revealed that his name did not appear there. We know that all university students do not necessarily graduate for one reason or another. Therefore, it is possible that Mr Donald may have attended the university but not graduated. No further search was made as to his university education.
From his collection which was bequeathed in 1905, it was clear that he was a keen art collector. As there were a number of well known art dealers in Glasgow in the 1880s, such as Alexander Reid and Craig Angus, it was fairly easy for him to indulge in collecting the works of the new art of the era. Our donor was particularly interested in the artists of the Hague School of the Netherlands and French Realists such as Jozef Israëls and Jean Francoise Millet respectively.
Furthermore, it is known that he also made significant contributions to Bothwell, the town of his birth. Firstly, in 1880, he donated the Centre Window of the Bothwell Parish Church [6]. This is a three-light window whose theme is a series of six parables drawn by Sir John E Millais R A which originally appeared in a magazine called “Good Words” edited by Dr Norman Macleod [7] in the 1860s. Other portions of the windows were designed and the entire work was executed by Cottier & Co. of London in 1880. A picture of this window is depicted below.
An inscription on the brass plate beneath the picture states “This window was gifted by Mr James Donald in expression of his appreciation of the order in which the parish Church graveyard had been put by the Heritor’s of Bothwell during the Ministry of the Rev. John Pagan M A, March 1880.”
Secondly, another contribution of James Donald was to erect a monument to Joanna Baillie, who was a famous daughter of Bothwell. Her father, Rev. James Baillie (c.1722–1778), was a Presbyterian minister and briefly, during the two years before his death, a Professor of Divinity at the University of Glasgow. Her mother Dorothea Hunter (c.1721–1806) was a sister of the great physicians and anatomists, William and John Hunter.
Joanna Baillie was born in the manse behind the church on 11th September 1762. Her father having died in 1776, Joanna and the family moved to London where she was later to become a friend of Sir Walter Scott. Joanna spent the rest of her life in Hampstead where she is buried. Here, she was to gain fame as a poet and a playwright, often writing in her native lowland Scots dialect, her verse “Family Legend” being one of her best known works. A picture of the Joanna Bailley Memorial is shown below. More information about Bothwell Church and Joanna Baillie monument may be obtained from the links below.
The third important contribution made by James Donald to the town of Bothwell was to leave money in his will for a place of education and recreation for boys. This resulted in the building of the Donald Institute in 1910 by the architect Alexander Cullen who had secured the commission by competition. Later, the Donald Institute was converted to Bothwell Public Library which to this day contains a room dedicated to James Donald called the “Donald Institute”. More information can be obtained from the following link:
http://www.bothwellhistoricalsociety.co.uk/about4.html
When he died on 16th March 1905, James Donald bequeathed to the Corporation in trust of the City of Glasgow a large number of paintings and bric-a-brac. A descriptive inventory and valuation of the pictures etc. had been prepared by an expert, who had valued the bequest at over £42,000 (in the year of 1905). The pictures include some of the finest examples of Turner, W.Q. Orchardson, Velasquez, Corot, Rousseau, Millet, Kalf and other eminent artists. The copies of the official minutes are kept by the Corporation of the City of Glasgow, in chronological order. Below are the 4 of his 40 paintings that James Donald gifted to the Gallery.
References:
[1] Graves of his Father and two brothers http://www.memento-mori.co.uk/88.pdf
[2] Mitchell Library, Glasgow, PO Glasgow Directory, 1905-1906, p. 542.
[3] Corporate. May 2010. Shale Oil. https://www.scottishshale.co.uk/KnowledgePages/Companies/Miller_John&Co.html. [Accessed on 19 March 2018].
[4] Confirmations and Inventories,. Mitchell Library. Glasgow. Year 1877, p 382.
[5] Death Notices. 21st March 1905. Glasgow Herald.
[6] Bothwell Parish Church http://bothwellparishchurch.org.uk/history/the-centre-window/. [Accessed on 19 March 2018].
[7] Dr Norman Macleod, Good Words. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_Words, [Accessed on 19 March 2018].
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http://sites.rootsweb.com/~peterd50/sinclair/pafbroynach/pafg04.htm
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Descendants of David SINCLAIR of Broynach
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+ 44 F i Elizabeth SINCLAIR was christened 1806. 45 F ii Isobel SINCLAIR was christened 1808 in Wick parish, Caithness, Scotland.
20/07/1833 John BROCK in Banks was matrimonially contracted to Isabella SINCLAIR in Reiss.
William BROCK, farmer in Reiss, cautioner for the man and James CORMACK [ ??? ], carpenter in Pulteney, for the woman. [ OPR - Wick ] 46 M iii Alexander SINCLAIR was christened 1810 in Wick parish, Caithness, Scotland. Alexander married Alicia TELFORD on 1876.+ 47 M iv David SINCLAIR was christened 1812 and died 1891. + 48 M v George Dunbar SINCLAIR of Reay was born 1814 and died 1891. 49 M vi James SINCLAIR was christened 1 17 Nov 1815 in Thrumster, Wick parish, Caithness, Scotland. He died 2 30 Nov 1892 in Queenscliff Road, Moolap, Grant County, Victoria, Australia. James married Mary Ann CROWL, daughter of Richard CROWL and Mary Ann HILL, on 27 Aug 1853 in Stag & Hounds Inn, Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Mary was born about 1834 in Leadford/Leadfrid, Devonshire/Cornwall, England. She died 23 May 1920.
Age at death given as 84. 50 F vii Margaret SINCLAIR was christened 1817.+ 51 F viii Anne SINCLAIR was born 1822. + 52 M ix John SINCLAIR was christened 1825 and died 1889. 53 M x Francis SINCLAIR was born 1828. 54 F xi Jessie SINCLAIR was born 1828. 55 F xii Janet SINCLAIR was born 1833.
56 M i Francis SINCLAIR was christened 05 Sep 1811 in Wick parish, Caithness, Scotland.
Probably the son of his father at Ulbster (in the 1891 document re the Broynach SINCLAIRs). 57 M ii George SINCLAIR was christened 06 Feb 1813 in Wick parish, Caithness, Scotland.
Probably one of the 2 Adelaide SINCLAIR brothers,George & James, mentioned in the 1891 document re the Broynach SINCLAIRs. 58 M iii James SINCLAIR was christened Aug 1816 in Wick parish, Caithness, Scotland. 59 M iv James SINCLAIR was born 18 May 1818 and was christened 1827 in Wick parish, Caithness, Scotland.
Probably one of the 2 Adelaide SINCLAIR brothers, George & James, mentioned in the 1891 document re the Broynach SINCLAIRs. 60 M v William SINCLAIR was born 30 Dec 1819 and was christened 1827 in Wick parish, Caithness, Scotland. 61 M vi Donald SINCLAIR was born 19 Sep 1821 and was christened 1827 in Wick parish, Caithness, Scotland. 62 F vii Margaret SINCLAIR was born 23 Jun 1823 and was christened 1927 in Wick parish, Caithness, Scotland. 63 F viii Elizabeth SINCLAIR was born 21 Mar 1825 and was christened 1827 in Wick parish, Caithness, Scotland.
born 23rd?
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https://www.molesfarewelltributes.com/obituaries/james-donald-dowd/
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Moles Farewell Tributes
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2013-12-24T00:00:00+00:00
|
Born in Brooklyn, New York James Jimmy Donald Dowd, of Bellingham, WA, passed away Tuesday, December 24, 2013. He was 83, born in Brooklyn, NY to Thomas and Mary (Carroll) Dowd. James was a true friend and an avid Yankee Fan. He is preceded in death by his brother Edward Dowd and is survived his […]
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en
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Moles Farewell Tributes
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https://www.molesfarewelltributes.com/obituaries/james-donald-dowd/
|
Obituary
Born in Brooklyn, New York
James Jimmy Donald Dowd, of Bellingham, WA, passed away Tuesday, December 24, 2013. He was 83, born in Brooklyn, NY to Thomas and Mary (Carroll) Dowd.
James was a true friend and an avid Yankee Fan.
He is preceded in death by his brother Edward Dowd and is survived his brother Joe Dowd and by several nieces and nephews; and his true loving companion Esther Moriel and family.
Jimmy will be truly missed.
Farewell Tribute Information
A Mass of Christian Burial will be held 10:30 a.m. on Thursday, January 2, 2013, at the Church of the Assumption. Burial will follow at Bayview Cemetery
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dbpedia
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3
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http://www.james-donald.net/biography.html
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Tribute to James Donald
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[
"james donald",
"actor",
"theatre",
"the great escape",
"the bridge on the river kwai",
"quatermass and the pit",
"britisch actor"
] | null |
[] | null |
This site is dedicated to James Donald, the tall, dark and handsome actor. The scottish stage actor was an star from the "Golden Age of British Cinema"
| null |
James Robert MacGeorge Donald was the fourth son of a Presbyterian Minister.
The six-foot, eleven-stone actor made his first professional stage appearence on the London stage in October 1938 in "The White Guard" but would not achieve theatrical stardom until 1943`s "Present Laughter".
He made his debut in British films in 1942, fitting quite comfortably into the stoic war-era mold with roles in such noteworthy military sagas.
James projected the idealism of the scientific visionary. He specialized in playing authority figures; military officers, doctors or scientists. Donald also appeared regulary in many TV dramas in the UK and the USA, as well as on stage.
In 1961 James was nominated for an emmy for his role as Prince Albert in Victoria Regina.
James Donald retired from acting because of his poor health.
In later years, he grew grapes and made wine in Wiltshire.
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3199
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dbpedia
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https://www.mccallgardens.com/obituaries/james-donald-dobbie/
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en
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James Donald Dobbie
|
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2023-04-06T19:14:47+00:00
|
The Man, The Myth, The Legend, Victoria’s Biggest Sports Fan, My Town, My Team, Buddy Ryan, Donny Brooks, Dobs, Dobbie, Don, Donald, Mr. Dobbie, Papa, Dad, and Pops are some of the names you would hear this amazing man be addressed as. He was many things to many people. Donald was born in Calgary Alberta […]
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en
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McCall Gardens Funeral and Cremation Service | Victoria, BC
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https://www.mccallgardens.com/obituaries/james-donald-dobbie/
|
The Man, The Myth, The Legend, Victoria’s Biggest Sports Fan, My Town, My Team, Buddy Ryan, Donny Brooks, Dobs, Dobbie, Don, Donald, Mr. Dobbie, Papa, Dad, and Pops are some of the names you would hear this amazing man be addressed as. He was many things to many people.
Donald was born in Calgary Alberta as the only child to James and Lillian (Burrell) Dobbie, and raised in both Pincher Creek and Turner Valley, Alberta. He was known as the keeper of the family secrets because of the endless hours he spent researching and updating the genealogy records on both sides of his family. He took pride in remembering important dates (he would check his Palm Pilot daily to confirm and made sure to acknowledge them by calling everyone on their birthdays and anniversaries.
In 1951 he started being referred to as Dobbie by the men and women he served with in the Royal Canadian Airforce. He wasn’t the fighter pilot character that came to mind when you read this, but he was the financial guru that kept Air Commands Finances balanced to the penny and made sure that everyone was paid correctly and on time. His 30-year career began with him enrolling in Medicine Hat, AB as an Aircraftsman 2nd Class, serving in Aylmer, ONT, Edmonton, AB, Paris, France, Metz, France, Calgary, AB, El Arish, Egypt (UNEF), back to Calgary, AB, Dayton, Ohio, USA (where his 1st child Cheryl Jean was born), Ottawa, Ontario (where his 2nd child Brent James was born), Winnipeg, Manitoba and lastly in Victoria, BC at CFB Esquimalt where he retired from the Air Force as a Master Warrant Officer in 1981.
Not ready to retire completely, Don accepted a position with the Department of Regional Economic Expansion within the Federal Government in Victoria but was transferred to Vancouver very shortly after when the office in Victoria closed. This was very difficult for Don as family always came first and this meant that he was separated from his kids who remained on the island. He continued to be a very active and involved father travelling back to Victoria and entertaining his kids in Vancouver every chance he could.
Shortly after Don retired for good and following the birth of his first grandchild, Madison (“The first born of my first born”) he decided it was time to move back to Victoria.
Dobs was a natural athlete in his youth playing hockey, baseball, curling, volleyball, and golf all of which he continued playing while enlisted in the military. He played on championship teams overseas and, on home base so it was only natural when after retirement he morphed into “Victoria’s Biggest Sports Fan”.
If you were ever a regular spectator at any of the sports played at the University of Victoria (UVic) you were sure to recognize Mr. Dobbie. He could be found courtside in McKinnon Gym watching basketball, on the wooden stands cheering on the rugby team and up the bleachers at the stadium content in his UVic hoodie and jacket intently watching soccer (both the women and the men and especially when Cousin Erin was playing). In 2012, the Dobbie Family Athletic Award was created to give a financial award to an undergraduate or graduate student who competes on a University of Victoria Vikes varsity team.
He held seasons tickets for the Victoria Salsa, Victoria Salmon Kings and the Victoria Royals for many years. He knew the players stats, all pertinent information and always wished the players a good game before they hit the ice. He was such a beloved fan of the Salmon Kings that they invited him to be in a commercial for their “My Town, My Team” campaign which earned him that same nickname.
He had a favourite seat in every arena and that was no different for the Victoria Shamrocks lacrosse games. He attended every game with his daughter and liked to sit with the friends he had made through the years. He eventually became a season ticket holder to the Intermediate Shamrocks and then the Jr’s as his grandson Brayden played his way up through the ranks.
Papa supported his kids and grandkids in all their sports or activities. He supported Cher in theatre, all her fundraising and community events and even watched intently as she graduated from Charm School (she is still traumatized to this day). He was a regular at all of Brent’s hockey, baseball and basketball games and was well known by all the players, coaches, and parents. He has always been loved and highly regarded by both of his kids’ friends and was always prepared with a few good jokes when he would accompany Brent after a game or event and there were able to share special moments together with the Stanley and Mann Cups and the Super Bowl trophy.
Papa was a well-known spectator at all his grandchildren’s activities. He was present at everything from PACE productions, Christmas concerts, to sporting events and graduations. Madison, Brayden, Mackenzie, and Dawson knew that their Papa loved and supported everything they were involved in. He helped shuttle kids to practices and to and from school when a hand was needed and is known affectionally as Papa to all his grandkids’ friends.
The last few weeks have been very difficult for all of us. Dad always bounced back from every illness and hospital stay, but we knew somehow that this time was different, and we would soon be saying goodbye. Brayden travelled home from Kentucky to fulfill Dad’s wish of seeing him and meeting his girlfriend Rachael in person and together, Madison, Mackenzie, Dawson, and were able to spend some quality time with him and left no word unsaid.
At 12:30 am on March 27th he left this world the way he wanted to; with Cher curled up with him, and Brent beside him and each of them holding a hand.
Thank you to the staff at Alexander Mackie Lodge, the staff on 6N at VGH (especially HCA Jen who always went over and above for Dad), Tom and Leslie Redhead and Tom and Sue Glendinning for travelling to spend some time with Dad. Family was everything to him and he was so thrilled to have visited with you. Special mention to Al Tabor who was a best friend to Dad from the time they enlisted on the same day with one person separating them to the very last day of his life.
A memorial /family day barbecue will be held this summer but, in the meantime, raise a Coors Light or an A&W root beer in his honour. In lieu of flowers, if you so wish; please direct donations in Dad’s name to the Dobbie Family Athletic Award, University of Victoria Development Office, PO Box 1700, Stn CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2 or the Children’s Health Foundation of Vancouver Island @ 345 Wale Road, Victoria, BC V9B6X2.
Condolences may offered to the family below.
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3199
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dbpedia
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| 23 |
http://www.james-donald.net/biography.html
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Tribute to James Donald
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[
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"actor",
"theatre",
"the great escape",
"the bridge on the river kwai",
"quatermass and the pit",
"britisch actor"
] | null |
[] | null |
This site is dedicated to James Donald, the tall, dark and handsome actor. The scottish stage actor was an star from the "Golden Age of British Cinema"
| null |
James Robert MacGeorge Donald was the fourth son of a Presbyterian Minister.
The six-foot, eleven-stone actor made his first professional stage appearence on the London stage in October 1938 in "The White Guard" but would not achieve theatrical stardom until 1943`s "Present Laughter".
He made his debut in British films in 1942, fitting quite comfortably into the stoic war-era mold with roles in such noteworthy military sagas.
James projected the idealism of the scientific visionary. He specialized in playing authority figures; military officers, doctors or scientists. Donald also appeared regulary in many TV dramas in the UK and the USA, as well as on stage.
In 1961 James was nominated for an emmy for his role as Prince Albert in Victoria Regina.
James Donald retired from acting because of his poor health.
In later years, he grew grapes and made wine in Wiltshire.
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3199
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dbpedia
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0
| 8 |
http://www.thethistlearchive.net/james-donald
|
en
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The Thistle Archive
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http://www.thethistlearchive.net/local--favicon/favicon.gif
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http://www.thethistlearchive.net/local--favicon/favicon.gif
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James Donald was described as “the clever Vale of Leven forward” during his time at the club in 1916. He started his career at Vale Allandale, before moving to Vale of Leven. During his time at the Alexandria based club, James played a couple of trial matches for the Jags, the first in the Glasgow and District Midweek League against Kilmarnock at Firhill on 4 March 1913, the away side winning by 3 goals to nil. His second and final contest in Thistle colours was at the end of the 1914-15 season, when he played against Celtic in the Glasgow Charity Cup Final at Firhill. The match ended 1-1, but Celtic won 4-3 on corners. James played in the outside right position in both matches. A report in the Daily Record of 20 January 1916 stated that James had joined the Army Service Corps. After the war, James returned to Vale of Leven, and subsequently went on to play for Nithsdale Wanderers.
On account of his service during WWI, James is included in our feature piece, The Partick Thistle returned →.
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3199
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dbpedia
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1
| 14 |
https://rossall.org.uk/james-donald/
|
en
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Rossall - Independent Boarding School
|
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[
""
] | null |
[
"Amy Pendlebury"
] |
2015-12-06T12:29:11+00:00
|
James Donald was a Scottish actor who attended Rossall School along with his three elder brothers. He made his first professional stage appearance in the late 1930s and had minor roles in a number of films until he played Theo Van Gogh in Lust for Life (1956). His work in the theatre included Noel Coward's| James Donald was a Scottish actor who attended Rossall School along with his three elder brothers. He made his first professional stage appearance in the late 1930s and had minor roles in a number of films until he played Theo Van Gogh in Lust for Life (1956). His work in the theatre included Noel Coward's
|
en
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Rossall - Independent Boarding School | Rossall - Independent Boarding School
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https://rossall.org.uk/james-donald/
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James Donald was a Scottish actor who attended Rossall School along with his three elder brothers. He made his first professional stage appearance in the late 1930s and had minor roles in a number of films until he played Theo Van Gogh in Lust for Life (1956). His work in the theatre included Noel Coward’s Present Laughter in 1943 (which also starred Coward himself). He memorably portrayed Major Clipton in the blockbuster classic film The Bridge on The River Kwai (1957); he also played another memorable military character, Group Captain Ramsey, the Senior British Officer in The Great Escape (1963).
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https://livesofthefirstworldwar.iwm.org.uk/searchlives/William%2520James%2520Donald/filter
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Lives of the First World War
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https://livesofthefirstworldwar.iwm.org.uk/themes/custom/iwm_theme/favicon.ico
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This is the Nugent family - captured by a local ph...
TO THE GLORY OF GOD AND IN GRATEFUL MEMORY OF Do...
Leslie William Kennelly was born at Simla in India...
Sons of Christina and Donald Mowat. John who sadly...
The undermentioned Second Lieutenants (on probatio...
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https://www.ncpedia.org/highland-scots
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Highland Scots
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https://www.ncpedia.org/highland-scots
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The Highland Scots
by Kathryn Beach
Reprinted with permission from the Tar Heel Junior Historian, Spring 2006.
Tar Heel Junior Historian Association, NC Museum of History
See also: Scottish Settlers; Argyll Colony; Highland Games; Gaelic Language; Crofter Immigration
The surnames Campbell, McNeill and Stewart, and the prevalence of Presbyterian churches are two of the legacies of Highland Scots who immigrated to North Carolina. Highlanders are descendants of Celts who settled in the northern mainland and islands of Scotland, which is part of Great Britain. The Highland Scots are unique in the way they moved in large, organized groups directly from their homeland to the North Carolina colony.
The Highlands are a beautiful but rugged land of mountainous, rocky terrain and harsh winters. In the 1700s it was a poor region where the staple foods were oatmeal and beef. The landscape promoted isolation and independence, and as late as the early 1700s, Highland society was structured along a tribal clan system. The clan chief—who was related by blood to clan members—provided land for members to farm. They, in turn, gave him obedience, military service, and land rents.
Scotland experienced changes in the mid-1700s that resulted in thousands of Highlanders emigrating. Many Highland clans supported Charles Edward Stuart—whose grandfather had been King James II of England—in his attempt to take the English throne from King George II. The Highland army of “Bonnie Prince Charlie” was defeated at Culloden Moor in 1746 by Scottish and English forces. The aftermath of this defeat included the victors’ taking weapons from the Highlanders; forbidding clan members to give military service to their chief; putting clansmen under the jurisdiction of the law, rather than their chief; forbidding the wearing of Highlanders’ native tartans, or plaids; and requiring all schooling to be conducted in English, rather than the Highlanders’ native Gaelic language.
Other forces contributed to emigration. A marked increase in population—due to the introduction of the smallpox vaccine and the building of roads that allowed easier availability of imported food during times of starvation—put pressure on a region that already had meager resources. Improvements in farming methods, such as the introduction of the metal plow, and a change in the allocation of land to tenants enabled the production of food by fewer people. Sheepherding, a profitable industry that took land away from farming, was also introduced to the Highlands. The combination of these changes resulted in the displacement of many people from the land.
The first organized immigration of Highlanders to North Carolina came in 1739, when 350 people from Argyllshire journeyed to Wilmington and up the Cape Fear River to settle in what became Cumberland County. Letters written back to Scotland encouraged further immigration. Alexander McAllister wrote to relatives urging them, “Well to take currage [sic] and com [sic] to this country it will be of benifite [sic] to the rising generation.” Others did follow. By 1775 thousands of Highlanders had come to the colony. British officials interviewed departing Highlanders in 1773 as to their reasons for emigrating. Laborers stated that they hoped for better employment in North Carolina. Tradesmen expected better business. Farmers cited high rents and oppressive service to their landlords as reasons for moving to the Americas. The hope for a better future for oneself and one’s children was a major force behind immigration 230 years ago and remains so today.
Immigrating to North Carolina was a hard journey, requiring weeks on a sailing ship that was subject to the whims of nature. James Hogg organized a group of 264 immigrants to travel to North Carolina in 1773 on the ship Bachelor. Ship’s passage for individuals age eight and above was three pounds and ten shillings—approximately $553 in current U.S. funds, adjusted for inflation. Hogg contracted with the shipowner to provide healthy food. Weekly adult rations consisted of: 2 lb. meat, 2 lb. barley, 5 lb. bread biscuit, 4 lb. oatmeal, 1 lb. molasses, and 6 gal. water. Passengers gathered at the end of June for their journey, but the ship did not arrive at port until the end of August. Sailing at the beginning of the Atlantic storm season, the Bachelor was immediately hit by a gale and had to seek shelter. Upon sailing the second time, the ship encountered another storm. Then smallpox broke out on board. The ship was harbored in the Shetland Islands in northern Scotland when a third storm caused severe damage. Months later the passengers were taken not to Wilmington but to Edinburgh, Scotland, where those who still had money booked passage to North Carolina on a different ship.
Highlanders were encouraged to settle in colonial North Carolina by royal governor Gabriel Johnston. Johnston, himself a native Lowland Scot and the colony’s governor from 1734 until 1752, granted the immigrants a ten-year exemption on paying public or county taxes. Most Scots coming to the colony were farmers who needed land, so this tax exemption offered a strong incentive. When the Highlanders arrived, their priorities were to select land, have it surveyed, and then plant a crop. The native longleaf pines allowed crops to be planted without the backbreaking work of first removing all trees. Settlers removed a ring of bark from the pines, killing the trees; this caused needles to fall and sunlight to reach crops.
The Scottish Highlanders had many adjustments to make in their new home. North Carolina was an English colony; consequently, English was the language used by many settlers and the only language used by government and the courts. Highlanders spoke Gaelic. Only educated Scots spoke and read English. The Highlanders were Presbyterian. Because North Carolina was a royal colony, its official religion was Anglican, or Church of England. Marriages by Presbyterian ministers were not considered legal. Although Highlanders did not attend Anglican services, they were taxed to support Anglican churches throughout the colonial period.
The Highlands are a cold, rocky land where many areas have no trees. New immigrants had to adapt to a very warm, swampy, and forested Coastal Plain. Scottish homes were made of stone; most early North Carolina homes were made of wood. The thin soil and short growing season of the Highlands made oats and barley the main crops. In their new home, Scots grew corn and wheat and raised hogs rather than cattle. They also produced naval stores—pitch and tar rendered from the sap of pine trees and used to protect the hulls and rigging of wooden ships.
Despite differences in language, religion, and traditions, the Highland Scots integrated into North Carolina society. They were involved in both local and colonial government. When the colonial assembly called for a Revolutionary Congress to meet in 1774, two Highlanders represented Cumberland County. Concerned over the thousands of Highlanders immigrating to the colony in 1774, the Provincial Congress asked a group of Highlanders, including Farquard Campbell and Alexander McAllister, to meet with new arrivals and explain the nature of the colonists’ grievances with England. In 1775 McAllister wrote to relatives in Scotland that “All colonies [are] fully determined to fight to the last before they give up their most valuable privilege which is their liberty. If Parliament persists in putting the acts [Intolerable Acts] in force, they will have a severe battle.”
Many books portray the Highlanders as Loyalists (individuals who remained loyal to England) during the American Revolution. The war divided neighbors into Patriots and Loyalists, and so it did with the Highlanders. Many newly immigrated Highlanders, as well as some long-established colonial Highlanders, joined the Loyalist cause. Some, like McAllister, were Patriots. For many, the Revolution was spent just trying to survive the demands and actions of both groups. Throughout the war and after it, some Highlanders left to settle in Canada and Bermuda or to return to Great Britain, but many stayed to become Americans. After ceasing during the Revolution, Highland immigration to North Carolina began again within months of the war ending and continued well into the 1800s.
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Register House Roll of Honour 1914-1918
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National Records of Scotland
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We will remember them
This roll commemorates the men who joined the armed forces from what were then known as the General Registry Office of Births, Deaths and Marriages (Scotland), and the Register House Departments: the Record Office, the Sasine Office and the Deeds Office.
The Record, Sasine and Deeds Offices were the main occupants of General Register House on Princes Street, Edinburgh, while the General Registry Office (later the General Register Office - GROS) occupied most of New Register House next door on West Register Street. Not included here are members of staff who worked in other public offices in the two buildings, such as the Lyon Office and the Accountant of Court.
National Records of Scotland (NRS) was formed in 2011 and is the descendant of GROS and the Record Office. Registers of Scotland continues the work of the former Sasine and Deeds Offices.
The first part of the roll lists the men who served and died during the First World War. The names of former members of staff who transferred elsewhere or resigned their posts shortly before the war are marked with an asterisk(*).
The second part of the roll lists serving members of staff who served in the armed forces and survived the war, arranged by department. Messengers and porters worked in both buildings, but are listed under the departments in which they are documented during the war. This roll of service does not include former members of staff.
No official roll of honour for the Register House staff was compiled at the end of the First World War. This roll therefore fills a gap but does not claim to be complete. NRS would welcome further information about the men listed here, or suggestions of names of men who may have been missed.
If you have a connection to Register House, or a story to tell, please share it with us [email protected].
Roll of Staff who died during the First World War
General Registry Office for Scotland (GROS)
Record Office
Deeds Office
Sasine Office
Roll of Staff who served during the First World War
General Registry Office for Scotland (GROS)
Record Office
Deeds Office
Sasine Office
Sources
Roll of Staff who died during the First World War
General Registry Office for Scotland (GROS)
David Alexander Anderson. Image courtesy of George Watson's College
David Alexander Anderson *
Second Division Clerk, General Registry Office (Scotland)
Born 17 March 1889, Uphall, West Lothian, eldest son of Robert Anderson, bricklayer, and his wife Catherine Sutherland. Educated at Pumpherston Public School and George Watson’s College, Edinburgh. Second Division Clerk, Local Government Board, Dublin and then in GPO there, 2 October 1907-29 October 1908. In GROS 31 October 1908-8 January 1910, at Inland Revenue, Edinburgh, 1 February -31 March 1910, before returning to GROS, 1 April 1910. Transferred to National Health Insurance Commission, Edinburgh, April 1912 where he was highly regarded. A peacetime Territorial soldier (Private 1646) in ‘H’ Company, 9th Battalion, Royal Scots, he was mobilised and landed in France with his battalion, 24 February 1915. Appointed Lance Corporal. Left battalion 27 November 1915 on being commissioned in 9th Highland Light Infantry. Serving on the Somme in 10/11th Battalion when he died, unmarried, aged 27.
Killed in action, 17 August 1916.
Ernest Downing, NRS (Archive reference GRO6/464/10)
Ernest Thomas Downing *
Second Division Clerk, 1911 Census, General Registry Office (Scotland)
Born 29 April 1892, Brighton, Sussex, son of Philemon Downing, billiard marker, and his wife Mary Elizabeth Richardson. Began government service in 1907 as a Boy Clerk in the GPO in London, then transferred to Edinburgh. Appointed a Second Division Clerk on the 1911 Census staff, serving from 17 April 1911 until 14 October 1913, and thereafter transferred to the Fishery Board, Edinburgh. Enlisted in the Royal Scots, and was later transferred to 1/5th Battalion, Cameronians (Scottish Rifles), Private 2036. While serving on the Somme he was shot by a sniper. Unmarried, aged 24. (His elder brother Philemon Henry, a gunner in the Royal Field Artillery, was captured on 27 May 1918 and died a prisoner of war in France, 10 September 1918.)
Killed in action 30 October 1916.
Alexander Fraser, NRS (Archive reference GRO6/464/10)
Alexander Fraser *
Second Division Clerk, General Registry Office (Scotland)
Born 7 August 1889 at Helmsdale, Sutherland, son of Donald Fraser, stationmaster, and his wife Jane Gallon. Educated at Blair Atholl and Perth Academy. Second Division Clerk in National Education Office, Local Government Board and Registry of Deeds, Dublin, 1909-1911, joined 1911 Census staff in Edinburgh, 17 April 1911 until his transfer to Board of Agriculture, Edinburgh, 31 March 1913. Commissioned as a 2nd Lieut in The Black Watch, and was killed on 13 October 1915 while serving with the 1st Battalion during the later phase of the Battle of Loos. He was unmarried, aged 26.
Killed in action 13 October 1915.
Samuel Edward Gregory
Second Division Clerk, General Registry Office (Scotland)
Born circa 1884 in England, the son of Samuel Edward Gregory, clerk, and his wife Isabella, he was raised in Barrow-in-Furness, Lancashire. Started in civil service, 1899. Second Division Clerk, Board of Education, 17 Apr-16 Oct 1902, and General Post Office, 5 Nov 1902-9 Jan 1910. Appointed to GROS, 10 Jan 1910. He married Mary Ann Warner, 2 Dec 1911, in Edinburgh and they had two children. Enlisted in the Royal Field Artillery and was promoted to Sergeant 650467. By 25 July 1916 he was Battery Quarter Master Sergeant of “A” Battery, 325th Brigade, RFA. His final posting was with ‘C’ Battery, 155th Brigade. He was killed near Arras before the final Allied advances which won the war, aged 34.
Killed in action 12 July 1918.
Eoin Mckinnon's Headstone. Image courtesy of Tristram Clarke
Eoin Cameron McKinnon
Second Division Clerk, General Registry Office (Scotland)
Born 22 June 1887, Davidsons Mains, Edinburgh, son of John Cameron McKinnon, clerk, and his wife Isabella Henderson. Appointed to Lower Permanent Clerical Staff post in GROS, 18 Nov 1907. Keen golfer and member of the Register House Golf Club and the Cramond Brig Club. A territorial soldier in peacetime, McKinnon rose to the rank of sergeant in the 1/9th (Highlanders) Battalion, Royal Scots, known as the ‘Dandy Ninth’. Mobilised in August 1914. On 25 April 1915 he was severely wounded at Langemarck, Flanders. He was invalided home, paralysed by a bullet in his back. In September 1916, while convalescing at home in Blackhall, Edinburgh, he died of his wounds, unmarried, aged 29.
Died 14 September 1916.
Keith Nicolson
Born 15 July 1897, South Gairloch, Ross-shire, son of Angus Nicolson, schoolmaster, and his wife Catherine Keith. Appointed a Boy Clerk in GROS in about 1915. In October 1917 he was serving as Private 43288 in 9th Battalion, Scottish Rifles, on the Western Front. For at least six months until his death in action he was in the battalion’s signalling section.
Killed in action 28 June 1918, aged 20.
William Shields O'May, NRS (Archive reference GRO6/464/10)
William Shields O’May MC *
Boy Clerk, General Registry Office (Scotland)
Born 12 January 1891, Falkirk, son of Daniel O’May, glass merchant, and his wife Maggie Shields. Second Division Clerk in Registry of Deeds, Dublin, 1910-1911, on the staff of the 1911 Census, Edinburgh, 17 April 1911-14 April 1913, and thereafter in the Prison Commission, Edinburgh. O’May was mobilised with his Royal Scots Territorial Force unit in 1914. He received a commission in the Highland Light Infantry (HLI), 5 August 1916, and was promoted to Captain, serving in 5th Battalion before being attached to the 15th. Following the German Spring Offensive of 21 March 1918, on 3 April the 15th HLI captured the village of Ayette, south of Arras, in a ferocious and costly fight that took the German defenders by surprise. O’May died of his wounds that day, aged 27 and unmarried. The posthumous award of the Military Cross was gazetted 3 June 1918. He was buried at Gezaincourt Communal Cemetery Extension.
Died of wounds 3 April 1918.
Ronald William Sanders *
Second Division Clerk, General Registry Office (Scotland)
Born in England circa 1893, son of William J Sanders, clerk, and his wife Annie. Boy Clerk, and later a Second Division Clerk, assigned to GROS in October 1912, before being reassigned to the Scottish Local Government Board in April 1914. He was a peacetime Territorial soldier, and after war was declared he was mobilised with his unit, 4th Battalion, Royal Scots, as Private 2133. On 14 June 1915 he landed with his battalion at Gallipoli, where he died in action at the age of 22. His body was not recovered.
Killed in action 12 July 1915.
Walter Urqhuart, NRS (Archive reference GRO6/464/10)
Walter Urquhart *
Messenger boy, 1911 Census, General Registry Office (Scotland)
Born 7 June 1897, Leith, son of Walter Urquhart, journeyman flour miller, and his wife Eliza Jane Bonar. Urquhart left school aged fourteen and on 24 July 1911 joined GROS as a messenger boy on the staff of the 1911 Census. In October 1913 he left to become a packer at Jenners, Edinburgh's well-known department store. A pre-war Territorial in 1/5th Battalion, Royal Scots, he went with his battalion to the Dardanelles. He was killed on 28 June 1915 aged 18, unmarried. Like many British casualties at Gallipoli, he has no known grave. His former colleagues pasted his photograph into a staff record. By the early 1920s his parents had emigrated to Canada.
Killed in action 28 June 1915.
Learn more about Urquhart’s story.
Edwin Leonard Wood *
Second Division Clerk, 1911 Census, General Registry Office (Scotland)
Born 1 October 1892, Grimsby, Lincolnshire, son of Walter James Wood, consulting engineer, and his wife Annie. Appointed Second Division Clerk to 1911 Census, 6 April 1912. Served in the Public Room in the Registrar General’s Office. Ended government service on 24 April 1913, when he left for private employment. Enlisted as Private 762732 in the City of London Regiment. Married Constance Dorothy Dewar in 1915 in Grimsby. Commissioned as a 2nd Lieut in April 1917 and posted to the Royal Scots Fusiliers, 13 May. Landed in France 18 June. Fought with 1st Battalion, and died aged 24 on 26 September 1917 in 3rd Division’s assault on Polygon Wood, during the Third Battle of Ypres. Commemorated on Tyne Cot Memorial. (His younger brother Lt Walter Bertram Wood MC and Bar, in RFC, died 11 November 1917.)
Killed in action 26 September 1917.
Record Office
Andrew Dewar Gibson
Messenger, Record Office, Register House Departments
Born 24 September 1864, Edinburgh, son of Andrew Gibson, engine fitter, and his wife Elizabeth Mitchell. Enlisted in the Royal Marines and served in the Royal Marine Artillery (RMA). Married Rosa Alice Horner, 5 September 1898, Edinburgh. Discharged from RMA with the rank of Colour Sergeant, and started as a porter in Register House, 6 March 1902. Appointed Messenger, 16 July 1906. Was mobilised and rejoined RMA as Colour Sergeant, 4 August 1914. Served at HMS Cyclops II, a shore base for RMA personnel manning the shore defences of Scapa Flow, Orkney, where the Royal Navy’s Home Fleet was based. While still on active service he died suddenly at home in Edinburgh, 22 March 1918, aged 54.
Died 22 March 1918.
Photograph of Charles W Yule as second lieutenant, circa 1915
‘University of St Andrews: Roll of Honour and
Roll of Service, 1914-1919’ (Edinburgh,1920), p.27
Charles Whitehead Yule
Assistant Curator, Historical Department, Record Office
Born 1 December 1888, Kinghorn, Fife, son of James Yule, master builder, and his wife Thomasina Whitehead. Educated at Clifton Hall School and St Andrews University, Fife, Yule was appointed to the staff on 20 November 1911 as assistant to R K Hannay. Member of the Register House Golf Club. He enlisted in 1914, and was soon granted a commission in 13th Battalion, Royal Scots. After fighting at the Battle of Loos, he was promoted to temporary Captain. In May 1916 the battalion was in the line at Vermelles, north of Loos and opposite the Hohenzollern Redoubt. Yule was one of five officers killed when a shell landed on battalion HQ. He was unmarried, aged 27.
Killed in action 11 May 1916.
Learn more about Yule’s story.
Deeds Office
John Shaw
Clerk, Deeds Office
Born 1 October 1885, Barnhill, Isle of Jura, Argyll, the son of Malcolm Shaw, shepherd, and his wife Margaret McPhail. Shaw had joined the Deeds Office as an Engrossing Clerk by 1912. During the First World War he served in the Royal Garrison Artillery, but suffered from ill health. After the onset of tuberculosis was diagnosed in 1917, he was discharged as unfit for military service. He died in hospital in Oban, Argyll, unmarried, aged 32.
Died 23 January 1918.
Sasine Office
Wedderburn Mackenzie Gardner *
Boy Clerk, 1911 Census and Sasine Office
Born 21 June 1896, Leith, son of Peter Gardner, newspaper proprietor, and his wife Elizabeth Fairbairn. Boy Clerk, Custom House and War Office, London, 1911-12. After serving as a Boy Clerk for the 1911 Census, 13 July 1912 - 14 April 1913, he was appointed to the staff of the Sasine Office. Joined up and was commissioned as a 2nd Lieut in the 8th Battalion, Seaforth Highlanders (as was his brother Albert Abercrombie Gardner, killed in action, 23 April 1917). Wedderburn Gardner died on the Western Front near Ypres, unmarried, aged 21.
Died of wounds on 23 August 1917.
James Southern. Image courtesy of George Watson's College
Robert Milne
Second Class Clerk, Sasine Office
Born 10 July 1891, Craigellachie near Aberlour, Banffshire, son of Robert Milne, carpenter, and his wife Jane Webster. After leaving school in 1907 aged 15, worked as a solicitor’s clerk in Aberlour until he passed the open exam for a clerkship in Register House, and was appointed Second Class Clerk, 4 June 1913. After outbreak of war he was transferred to the War Office in London. Married Eleena or Lena Gordon, headmistress of Craigellachie School, in London, 1 January 1916. Joined up, 31 May 1916, as Private 7786, 1/8th Battalion, Middlesex Regiment. Was attached to 4th Entrenching Battalion, which in February 1917 was placed under 14th Division in the vicinity of Arras. He was hospitalised, apparently at No. 12 Stationary Hospital near St. Pol, where he died of cerebro-spinal fever, 22 February 1917, aged 26. His son Robert Gordon Milne was born 4 March 1917.
Died 22 February 1917.
James Southern *
Clerk, Sasine Office
Born 1890, Islington, London, only son of Ezra John Southern, accountant in the Army Audit Staff. Educated at St Albans Grammar School, and on the classical side at George Watson’s College, Edinburgh, 1905-08. Studied for the Civil Service and joined staff of Sasine Office before being appointed an Assistant Clerk (Abstractor) in Inland Revenue, London, 16 February 1911. He enlisted in 1/23rd Battalion, London Regiment, a Territorial Army unit, as Private 1648, rising to Lance Corporal. Disembarked in France, 14 March 1915, his battalion became part of 142nd Brigade in 47th (London) Division. On the evening of 25 May the Brigade assaulted the German lines south-west of La Bassée in the final attack of the Battle of Festubert. Southern was killed in action that night, one of 980 casualties caused by German shelling and counter-attack. His body was not recovered.
Killed in action, 25-26 May 1915.
James Ritchie Wells
Clerk, Sasine Office
Born 13 March 1890, Glasgow, son of Robert Lamb Wells, engineer's draughtsman, and his wife Catherine Hamilton. Educated at Allan Glens School. Apprenticed in law, and studied law at Glasgow University, 1909-12, but did not graduate. Moved to Edinburgh. Joined the staff of the Sasine Office in 1912. Enlisted and served in the Lothians and Border Horse, Private 1239. In April 1916 was commissioned as 2nd Lt, and in August and September 1916 was wounded while serving in 1st Battalion, Black Watch in France. Transferred to the Royal Flying Corps and was attached to No. 11 Training Squadron. In 1917 he was killed in a flying accident while based at Scampton airfield near Lincoln. Unmarried aged 27.
Killed 17 November 1917.
John Wilson
Second Class Clerk, Sasine Office
Born 19 September 1891, Newton on Ayr, son of Margaret Honeyman and her husband John Wilson, marine engineer, who died in 1893. In 1911 John Wilson was working as a law clerk in Edinburgh, and after an open competition on 28 June 1913 was appointed a Second Class Clerk in the Register House, where he worked in the Sasine Office. Enlisted 10 October 1914, and was transferred to a service battalion, 19 December 1914. As Private 2473, 1/9th Battalion Royal Scots, he landed in France, 24 February 1915. Appointed unpaid Acting Lance Corporal, 17 February 1916, and following the battalion’s losses in action on the Somme on 22-23 July 1916 he was made up to paid Lance Corporal, 24 July. On 3 August the battalion was in a supporting role behind the front line, occupying trenches and dugouts in Mametz Wood. That afternoon German guns shelled their position, and by noon next day five ‘other ranks’ were reported killed, and eighteen wounded. John Wilson was among the fatalities. He was buried in the wood, and his body later moved to Caterpillar Valley Cemetery, Longueval.
Killed in action, 3 August 1916.
Roll of Staff who served during the First World War
General Registry Office for Scotland (GROS)
Frank Leslie Bell
Born 27 April 1892, Edinburgh, son of William Bell, Civil Service Clerk , and his wife Agnes Best. Assigned to GROS as Second Division Clerk, 1912. Assigned to Exchequer Office, Scotland, 6 July 1915. Attested 8 November 1915, posted to 15th Battalion, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, Private S/14121. Appointed Lance Corporal 14 March 1916. Transferred to 2nd Battalion 25 July 1916, and saw active service in France. Reverted to rank of private at his own request. Punished for being absent without leave, 1916-17. In March 1918 he was transferred to the 3rd Field Survey Company, Royal Engineers, becoming Sapper 360328. Demobilised 25 January 1919. Married Winifrede Hannah More, 1922. Died at Redhill, Surrey, England, 31 January 1972, aged 79.
Richard Bird
Born 15 June 1867, Partick, Glasgow, son of Richard Bird, a shipbuilder's labourer, and his wife Mary Maxwell. Served in the Cameron Highlanders, including in the Egyptian Campaign in 1882, until discharged in 1904. When Bird married Margaret Mullen the next year he was a rubber worker at an Edinburgh manufactory. Between about 1909 and 1911 he was working as a railway surfaceman for the North British Railway, based at Hawick. On 4 August 1914 he was mobilised as a bandsman in 4th Battalion, Royal Scots. Finally discharged, unwounded, on 14 July 1916, on account of his age. By 1917 was on the Register House staff as a pensioner messenger. He was still in post when he died in Edinburgh, 18 January 1922, aged 54.
Adam Arthur Smith Brownlee
Born 14 January 1887, Coatbridge, Lanarkshire, son of David Brownlee, master builder, and his wife Maragaret Russell. Second Division Clerk, National Debt Office, 15 Oct 1906-13 April 1907, Board of Education, 15 April 1907-20 July 1908. Appointed as a temporary Second Division Clerk in GROS, 18 Sep 1908-17 Mar 1909 and 1 May-1 Dec 1909, before permanent appointment there, 14 Dec 1909. He enlisted on 26 November 1915, serving in France with 15th Battalion, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders (Private S/15267 and 5502) and 7th Battalion, Black Watch (291867) until 30 October 1917. Commissioned as a second lieutenant in the 4th Battalion, Black Watch, he served on the Western Front. He was severely wounded in July 1918, did not return to active service and was demobilised and returned to GROS on 15 January 1919. Grade of Second Division Clerk, Civil Service, when he married Elizabeth Redpath 23 September 1922, Edinburgh. Transfer as Executive Officer to Ministry of Pensions, gazetted 6 March 1923. Transfer to Customs and Excise gazetted 8 June 1934. Living in Harrow, Assistant Accountant, Customs and Excise in 1939. Died 17 September 1966 at Harrow, Middlesex, aged 79.
Alexander MacLennan Campbell
Born 6 January 1886, Forres, Moray, son of Duncan Campbell, wine merchant, and his wife Marion Brown. On 12 June 1907 he was appointed a member of the Lower Clerical Permanent Staff of the Index Department of GROS. Married Jane Dunlop Crombie, 25 December 1911. Serving as Gunner 107152, 327th Siege Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery in April 1918, having been abroad for ‘a considerable period’. In autumn 1918 he appears to have trained in wireless at the Royal Engineers Wireless Depot, Fenny, Stratford, Bedfordshire, and was referred to as Signaller 107152. In January 1919 returned from the RGA depot at Hipswell, near Catterick, Yorkshire, for demobilisation in Edinburgh. Post-war he resumed work on the Lower Permanent Clerical staff in GROS. In 1920 his wife died, and he married Lavinia M D N Thompson, 1 July 1923, Edinburgh. Retired with the grade of Executive Officer. Died in Edinburgh, 26 May 1958, aged 72.
George Brady Chambers
Born 18 September 1896, Essex, son of George Chambers, Customs and Excise Officer, and his wife Caroline Hargreaves. In 1911 he was attending school in Edinburgh, aged 14. Joined the staff of GROS. Enlisted and joined 8/10th Battalion, Gordon Highlanders starting as Private S/11296, promoted to Corporal by July 1918 and rising to Acting Colour Sergeant. Ended his service after the Armistice as a Corporal in 10 Platoon, ‘C’ Company, 1/5th Battalion, stationed at Nivelles, Belgium. Resumed work in the Statistical Branch of GROS on 24 March 1919. Later that year he was appointed a Customs and Excise officer, like his father, and was based in Leith. In 1922 he married Mary Elizabeth Gray, who died in childbirth on 18 Dec 1924. He married Hilda E D Wallace in 1927, Alloa, Clackmannanshire. During the 1930s he moved south and in 1939 was living at Harwich, Essex. Died 24 August 1962, aged 65, and was buried at All Saints churchyard, Dovercourt, Essex, 29 August 1962.
James Alexander Cormack
Born 23 March 1899, Edinburgh, son of James Alexander Cormack, bookbinder, and his wife Alexandra Rae. In 1914 he was appointed a temporary Boy Clerk in GROS. Started military service in April 1917 as Private 376679, 10th (Cyclist) Battalion, Royal Scots. Transferred to Scottish Rifles as Private 42761 and was posted to the 2nd Battalion in July 1918. Demobilised in February 1919 and returned to GROS. He married Blanche Chisholm in 1929. Retired from GROS as an Executive Officer. Died in Edinburgh, 25 November 1985, aged 86.
Archibald Gibb
Born 6 November 1890, Musselburgh, son of David Gibb, tailor cutter, and his wife Jane Kirk. By 1911 was working in the Civil Service in Edinburgh, and by 1913 he was a Second Division Clerk in GROS. A Territorial soldier, he served as Bombardier 881780 (later 125791) in the Royal Field Artillery. In 1918 he was in 166th Brigade RFA, part of the Mesopotamian Expeditionary Force. Gibb’s demobilisation was delayed and he did not return to GROS until July 1919. Retired to Hume, near Kelso. Died at Galashiels, 22 August 1972, aged 81.
William Clark Girdwood
Born 4 March 1874, Edinburgh, son of John Girdwood, journeyman grocer, and his wife Jane Cooper. Worked as a waiter, and was a militiaman in 3rd battalion, Royal Scots. Enlisted as a regular, 10 May 1894, and served for twenty years in 1st Battalion, Royal Scots, at home, in South Africa (where he saw action during the Boer War) and in India. From December 1914 he spent eleven months on the Western Front, being wounded in the hand at Ypres in April 1915, before his battalion was sent to Salonika. After eight months Girdwood was posted home, and on 31 August 1916 was discharged at the termination of his 22 years of engagement. Joined the staff of GROS as a pensioner messenger. Retired and died unmarried 9 March 1936, Edinburgh, aged 62.
William Henderson
Born 16 March 1898, Edinburgh, son of Andrew Henderson, joiner, and his wife Maragret Williamson. Educated at Boroughmuir School. Joined staff of GROS. On reaching the age of 18 years he attested and joined 9th Battalion, Royal Scots, 3 May 1916: Private, then Lance Corporal, 4810 and 351715. Commissioned as 2nd Lt in the 5th Battalion, Royal Scots Fusiliers, 26 September 1917. June to August 1918 attached to 10th Battalion, Scottish Rifles on the Western Front. On 1 October 1918 he was severely wounded by a shell. Evacuated to England, he was still recovering at home when he was demobilised on 6 May 1919. Transferred from GROS to Scottish Board of Health before 30 August 1922, when he married Janet Rose Sutherland. He died at Edinburgh, 12 May 1973, aged 75.
Harold Johnson
Born 1887, South Cave, East Riding of Yorkshire, son of James Johnson, schoolmaster, and his wife Caroline Stenson. Three years’ service in 3rd London Yeomanry. Second Division Clerk in Post Office Savings Bank, West Kensington, London, 28 December 1905-9 January 1910. Transferred to GROS 10 January 1910. Married Edith J Rylatt at Hull, 17 August 1914. Attested 25 November 1915 and placed on Army Reserve. Left GROS on being mobilised 4 August 1916, and was posted as Private 7576 to 10th (Scottish) Battalion, King’s Liverpool Regiment (later Private 358372). Served in France, January to April 1917 and September 1917 to January 1919. Hospitalised three times with trench fever. From January 1918 spent the rest of the war on clerical duty with the Accountants to the Expeditionary Force Canteens at the British base at Le Havre, France. Demobilised 7 March 1919 and returned to GROS. Promoted to be a Higher Grade Clerk circa 1920-6, and Senior Staff Officer by retirement. Died 7 August 1960, Edinburgh, aged 73.
William Johnstone
Born 12 November 1868, Port Glasgow, son of John Caldwell Johnstone, journeyman tailor, and his wife Maragret Millar. Married Jane Ann Johnson at Dover, 4 October 1890. Served in Seaforth Highlanders before the First World War. Discharged from the Army 20 May 1908. In 1911 was working as a caretaker in Edinburgh. Re-enlisted 5 September 1914, and on 8 April 1918 ended 34 years of military service in the rank of Sergeant Major, Inns Court Officer Training Corps, London. After being discharged he was appointed a pensioner messenger in GROS. He retired from GROS as a record keeper in about 1933. Died 3 March 1963, Edinburgh, aged 94.
Roland Marshall
Born 12 June 1888, Aberdeen, son of Robert Marshall, Customs Clerk, and his wife Christian Symington. Attended Leith Academy and George Heriot’s School. Appointed to Lower Permanent Clerical Staff post in GROS, 27 Jan 1908. Was a peacetime volunteer in the 2nd Queen’s Edinburgh Volunteers, Royal Scots, but resigned to pursue his studies. He attested at Linlithgow on 10 November 1915 and was posted to 2/10th (Cyclist) Battalion of the regiment on coastal defence duty at Berwick upon Tweed (Private 2889, later 375333, promoted to Lance Corporal). On 31 October 1917 he was discharged from the ranks on being commissioned as a 2nd Lt into the 9th Battalion, Royal Scots. At the Armistice he was attached to 46th Brigade, Light Trench Mortar Battery. He was disembodied on 1 February 1919, and his promotion to full Lieutenant was gazetted on 1 May 1919. Returned to his post in GROS, was promoted to Second Class Clerk by 1926, and retired as Executive Officer. Died 26 October 1953, Edinburgh, aged 65.
George Skirving Muir
Born 1 February 1876, Edinburgh, son of John Muir, warehouseman, and his wife Henrietta Young. After a period as a volunteer in 3rd Battalion Royal Scots, he enlisted as Private 6550 in the Black Watch at Edinburgh 23 August 1894. Transferred to the Gordon Highlanders (Private 5210) and saw action in India and South Africa, as well as serving at home. Muir was with the 1st Battalion for more than two years on the Western Front from 26 August 1914 until 14 September 1916. He returned home to be discharged on the termination of 22 years’ service on 18 September 1916. Joined GROS as a pensioner messenger by 1918. Appointed to permanent messenger post in Register House Departments, 31 March 1919. Married Mary Smith Coutts, 3 September 1934. Died 28 August 1949, Edinburgh, aged 73.
Joseph Ross
Born 4 August 1882, Chirnside, Berwickshire, son of Alexander Ross, forester, and his wife Elizabeth Aitchison. Appointed to a Lower Permanent Clerical Staff post in GROS, 13 January 1902. In 1910 he was Supervising Index Clerk in the Index Department. Enlisted 2 May 1916, and in February 1918, as Lance Corporal S/22903 in 3rd Battalion, Seaforth Highlanders, he was performing clerical duties in the Regimental Office at Cromarty. By December 1918 he had been transferred to 14th Battalion, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, serving on Western Front in 12 Platoon, ‘C’ Company, as Lance Corporal S/27362. After demobilisation, he became a Second Division Clerk in GROS in April 1919. By 1926 had been appointed as the Registrar General’s District Examiner for the Northern District, living in Inverness. Retired as a Staff Officer (Acting). Died 2 May 1955, Edinburgh, unmarried, aged 72.
Alexander Sked, NRS (Archive reference GRO6/464/10)
Alexander Sked
Born 30 January 1894, Peebles, son of David Sked, railway porter, and his wife Agnes Dick. During April 1911 he briefly served as Boy Clerk in Post Office in London before appointment as temporary Boy Clerk, 1911 Census staff, GROS, 3 May 1911. Appointed Assistant Clerk (Abstractor) in the index branch of GROS (certificate dated 28 June 1912). Military service in 1918 as Private 33516 (later 27218) in 450th (Home Service) Employment Company of the Labour Corps at Catterick, Yorkshire. After the Armistice he was retained in 522nd Company in the Catterick Reserve Centre and appointed Acting Corporal because of the increased work and responsibility connected with Army demobilisation. Returned to GROS, 1 April 1919. Married Jessie Howitt, 23 February 1922, Edinburgh. Died 22 April 1968, Peebles, aged 74.
James Talbot
Born 1 December 1891, Brindle, Lancashire, son of James Talbot, estate labourer, and his wife Anne Shorrocks. Educated at Catholic College, Preston. Appointed a Second Division Clerk, GROS, 17 April 1911. Employed in Search Branch. Enlisted in Edinburgh on 19 May 1915 as Gunner 1458, 2nd Battery, 2/1st Lowland Field Artillery, stationed at Westbarns, Dunbar. Promoted to acting rank of Bombardier. In 1916 he was commissioned as an officer in 3/5th Battalion, Royal Scots and served in France in 1/5th Battalion. While attached to 11th Battalion, on 9 April 1917 at Arras he was severely wounded in his right hand by a large shell fragment. Later he suffered a perforated duodenal ulcer. Promoted to Lieutenant, 12 April 1918. On 9 June 1918 he relinquished his commission on account of his wounds and sickness, ending his service of more than 3 years. He was on extended sick leave before rejoining GROS. Married Annie O’Malley, 7 February 1921, Edinburgh. His transfer as Executive Officer to the Ministry of Pensions was gazetted 3 November 1922. Married secondly to Dora E Somerville, in Brentford, Middlesex, 1933, and lived in Ealing, circa 1932-51. Civil servant at outbreak of war, 1939. Died 6 May 1951, London, aged 59.
Peter Paton Taylor
Born 5 May 1896, Edinburgh, son of Thomas Taylor, brassfounder, and his wife Helen Paton. Appointed Second Class Clerk, GROS, 25 March 1914. Married Helen Anderson Taylor, 20 June 1914, Edinburgh. In about 1917 he joined 15th Battalion, County of London Regiment (Prince of Wales’s Own Civil Service Rifles), as Private 535293. In June 1917 he almost certainly joined his battalion in France. In April 1919 he was assigned as a Second Division Clerk to the Exchequer Office, Edinburgh. While riding a motorcycle he was involved in a road accident in Edinburgh and died of his injuries, 5 April 1923, aged 26.
James Tupman
Born 5 November 1890, Leith, son of Robert William Tupman, commission agent, and his wife Agnes Chalmers. In 1911 was a Boy Writer in a Local Audit Department in Edinburgh connected with Army Supplies, gaining 4 years’ experience. By 1914 was a Second Division Clerk in GROS. Enlisted 28 August 1914 in 1/9th Battalion, Royal Scots (Private 2037). Posted to the Western Front on 24 February 1915. On 7 April 1915, he was badly wounded at Ypres, and his left arm was amputated at a hospital in Perth. Was discharged from the Army on 21 October, and issued with a Silver War Badge to verify his military service. He resumed work in GROS on 22 October 1915. He re-enlisted on 23 May 1917, passed his medical test and was accepted for officer training in Cambridge. On 15 July 1917 he was commissioned as a 2nd Lieut and posted to 451st (Home Service) Employment Company, Labour Corps, at Dreghorn near Edinburgh, and later to 450th Company at Glencorse. In July 1918 he trained as a Railway Traffic Officer, working in France for the rest of the war and for months after the Armistice. Married Mildred Morton, 19 September 1918, Edinburgh (divorced 1947). Demobilised in May 1919. He was not selected for a permanent commission in 1921. Midland District Examiner for GROS, 1925 - circa 1941. Staff Officer, GROS, circa 1941-1946. Bachelor of Law, circa 1943. Senior Staff Officer, 1946-1949, and Senior Executive Officer, circa 1950 until retirement circa 1956. Died 1 August 1976, Edinburgh, aged 85.
James Candlish Young OBE
Born 5 September 1893, Dalton parish, Dumfriesshire, son of John Young, blacksmith, and his wife Elizabethe Candlish. Appointed Second Division Clerk in 1912 and was assigned to GROS, 31 March 1914. Enlisted in 14th Battalion, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, 17 May 1915 (Private S/8911), gaining rapid promotion to Acting Sergeant, 12 July. He was promoted to full Sergeant on being posted to the BEF in France on 4 June 1916. Appointed Acting Company Sergeant Major on 30 January 1917. In June he began officer training and officially left his battalion on 29 August. On 26 November 1917 he embarked for India as a probationary 2nd Lieut in the Indian Army Reserve of Officers. Served with 2/113rd Infantry. Promoted Captain. Hospitalised in Bombay after falling from his horse in February 1919. After sick leave he returned to GROS on 14 August 1919. Retired as Secretary, GROS. OBE 1956. His son John Jeffrey Young, LAC in RAFVR, died in action 7 November 1944. James C Young died 8 October 1977, Edinburgh, aged 84.
Record Office
David Anderson
Born 2 August 1890, Edinburgh, son of William Pitcairn Anderson, book-keeper, and his wife Jeanie Brown Cochran. In 1906 was apprenticed in the law firm of Murray, Beith and Murray WS, Edinburgh. Certificate of appointment as Second Class Clerk in the Register House Department, 10 May 1912, and started work in the Record Office, 1 June 1912. A peacetime Territorial soldier in the Lothians and Border Horse Yeomanry, he was called up on the outbreak of war in 1914. The War Office ordered his promotion from Private to Second Lieutenant and transfer to the Scottish Horse, 10 July 1915. Served overseas, 9 August-27 October 1916, and in November 1917 was at Salonika. Like his brothers, James Cochran Anderson and Hope Pitcairn Anderson, who were also subalterns, he survived the war. Resumed his clerkship, and on 22 October 1921 married Georgina Sangster Ferguson Redpath by declaration at Edinburgh. They were divorced 20 July 1922. From 1940 until 1945, Anderson, by then a First Class Clerk, was on detached duty, assisted by Dr Gordon Donaldson and Robert Pow, messenger, to look after the pre-1707 Scottish records that were transported from Register House for safekeeping at Morenish Lodge on Loch Tay, near Killin. He occupied the position of Chief Clerk in the Record Office at the time of his death in Edinburgh on 7 October 1953, aged 63.
Walter James Chinnery
Born 25 October 1878, Glencorse Barracks, Midlothian, son of Private Thomas Chinnery, Royal Scots, and his wife Ann Smith. Attested in Royal Scots, 16 October 1893, serving as Drummer 4929. Married Janet Borland, 31 December 1897, Edinburgh. Re-engaged for service, 1905. Joined staff of Register House as Porter, 26 June 1911, and Messenger, 1 July 1912. Chinnery’s appeal against conscription for combatant duties was refused, July 1916, but the Deputy Clerk Register certified that he could not release him for non-combatant duties because of staff shortages, 22 August 1916. In June 1917 he did release him for military duties in a non-combatant corps. Chinnery was called up 20 June 1917, and from 13 July 1917 was absent for two or three years on military service (Private 033702, Army Ordnance Corps). Returned to Register House. In 1922 said to have ‘a very intimate knowledge of the whereabouts of all classes of the Records’ and to do ‘careful work’. Well-known and popular figure, who preached and spoke at revivalist meetings before and after the war, especially in Edinburgh where he became known as 'the mound preacher' for his Sunday open-air services. Promoted to Superintendent about 1936. Died 1 March 1941, Edinburgh, aged 62.
Robert Heriot Lindsay
Born 30 May 1877, Edinburgh, son of David Lindsay, law clerk, and his wife Elizabeth Heriot. Worked in a conveyancer’s office for 8 years and 1 month before entering government service. Lindsay was appointed a Second Class Clerk in Record Office, starting on 1 September 1899. Married Christina McNeill, 28 June 1904, Portobello. Territorial soldier in Royal Scots, mobilised on outbreak of war and serving as Sergeant 49, 2/7th Battalion. Because of staff shortages he was recalled from military service to resume duties in Record Office, 17 March 1915. Worked overtime. After two years of representations the Treasury sanctioned his promotion to First Class Clerk, 19 September 1917. Retired in grade of Chief Clerk. Died 14 April 1941, Edinburgh, aged 71.
Deeds Office
Hugh Eaglesom Balfour
Born 31 December 1886, Edinburgh, son of George Dalziell Balfour, Assistant Keeper of Register of Deeds, and his wife Jessie Milne. In about 1910 began work as an Engrossing Clerk in the Deeds Office. Enlisted 1 September 1914 as Private 2115, 5th Battalion, Royal Scots, and was stationed at Portobello. Married Isabella A S McNeill, 4 February 1915. Landed in France, 1 June 1915. Transferred to Highland Light Infantry (353087) and was promoted to Sergeant. Discharged because of sickness, 10 November 1917, and was issued with a Silver War Badge to signify his military service. His brother 2nd Lieut Evan M M Balfour MC was killed in action, 30 August 1918. Returned to Deeds office and was appointed to the permanent staff as a Special Clerk, 18 March 1921. In 1919 Balfour divorced his wife, and on 26 April 1924 married Martha Aitken Smith Buchanan. Retired from the Deeds Office as an Examiner. Died 10 August 1973, Edinburgh, aged 86.
Alexander Mossman Dudgeon
Born 12 May 1887, Edinburgh, son of Peter Dudgeon, blacksmith, and his wife Janet Mossman. Became an Engrossing Clerk in Deeds Office circa 1905. Enlisted, probably in late 1914 in 5th Battalion, Royal Scots, Private 2275, stationed at Portobello. Married Isabella Ireland Dickson at Edinburgh, 16 April 1915. Drafted overseas, disembarking in Egypt, 27 May 1915, en route to join 1/5th Battalion at Gallipoli. Transferred to 1/4th Battalion, and on 30 November 1917 was reported among British wounded during fighting against the Turks to capture the city of Gaza, known as the Third Battle of Gaza. In peacetime returned to Deeds office and was appointed to the permanent staff as a Special Clerk, 18 March 1921. Retired as Higher Executive Officer. Died 25 September 1971, aged 84.
George Henderson Forbes
Born 12 July 1860, Edinburgh, son of Alexander Forbes, Principal Keeper of Register of Deeds, and his wife Jessie Cream Henderson. Began employment as Engrossing Clerk in Deeds Office in about 1892. Married Mary Harmer Hurry, 2 August 1899, Edinburgh. Enlisted 16 February 1915, giving his age as 49. Began in 1st and 2nd Supplementary Companies, 4th Battalion, Royal Scots, next posted to 1st Company, National Reserve Guard (Private 14992) and transferred to 201 Protection Company, Royal Defence Corps, 29 April 1916, and in August 1917 to 1st Battalion, RDC, guarding Methil Docks in Fife. He was promoted to Corporal, but in October 1917 his request to revert to Private caused his immediate transfer to the Army Pay Corps, Nottingham (Private 17045). Promoted to Corporal, 9 October 1918. Disembodied from Army, 2 January 1920. Died 22 October 1925, Edinburgh, aged 65.
Austin Godson
Born 8 December 1879, Sheffield, Augustine (Austin) Godson, son of Frederick Morely Godson, draper and later sacristan, and his wife Emma Fletcher. Working as a law clerk in Oban, 1901, and Dundee from about 1902 onwards. Married Jessie Kennedy in Glasgow, 27 October 1904. Moved to Edinburgh and became an Engrossing Clerk in Deeds Office in about 1910. In wartime enlisted in 15th Battalion, Highland Light Infantry, Private 54991. Promoted to Colour Sergeant, and later to Company Quarter Master Sergeant. Godson’s first wife had died in 1914, and on 2 August 1919 he married Lilias Crammond Guild. Appointed Special Clerk on permanent staff of Register House, 19 March 1921. Retired as a Clerical Officer, Scottish Record Office. His son, Quarter Master Sergeant Austin Godson, 2nd Battalion Royal Scots, died a prisoner of the Japanese, 1-2 October 1942. Godson senior died 23 February 1964, Edinburgh, aged 84.
George Alexander Nisbet Ironside
Born 23 September 1880, Ballindalloch, Banffshire, son of WIlliam Ironside, house carpenter, and his wife Mary McLaren. In 1901 he married Ruby F Carrol and was working as a clerk in Edinburgh in 1901. In 1911 he was a searcher of records. Became an Engrossing Clerk in Deeds Office about 1914. Joined the Army and was commissioned as a 2nd Lieut in the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders. He served in France and Flanders from 15 August 1918. In 1919 he resumed work as a law clerk and married Annie Devlin, his first wife having died in October 1915. Appointed to permanent staff as a Special Clerk, 14 March 1921. He died 15 February 1961, Aberdeen, aged 80.
George Robert Marshall Jockel
Born 18 March 1884, Portobello, Edinburgh, son of Adolphus Jockel, warehouseman, and his wife Eleanor Marshall. Serving as a law apprentice in 1901. After open competition was appointed Second Class Clerk in Register House, 4 May 1906, working in the Deeds Office. Enlisted 19 November 1915 in 13th (Depot) Company, possibly in a Highland Light Infantry battalion. Gazetted 2nd Lieutenant, 12 September 1917, serving in 5th Battalion Highland Light Infantry. Attached to 21st Battalion, HLI, based in Kent, when he was ‘restored to the establishment’, 18 January 1919. Promoted to Lieutenant, 19 February 1919, and retained his rank after resigning, 25 January 1921. Returned to Deeds Office in peacetime, later transferring to the Sasine Office. Scoutmaster of troop attached to St James Church, Portobello between the wars. Died unmarried, 8 March 1965, Edinburgh, aged 80.
Archibald McIntyre
Born 27 January 1883, Redding, Stirlingshire, son of Alexander McIntyre, railway engine driver, and his wife Margaret Dunlop. In 1901 was working as a law clerk in Edinburgh. In about 1908 became an Engrossing Clerk in Deeds Office. By December 1917 he was serving in the Army. After the war he joined the permanent staff of the Sasine Office, retiring as a Clerical Officer. Died 25 December 1965, Edinburgh, unmarried, aged 82.
John Mitchell Robertson
Born 15 October 1888, Edinburgh, son of George Robertson, schoolmaster, and his wife Christina Robertson. Younger brother of William Robertson in Sasine Office. Educated at George Heriot’s School. Became law apprentice and in 1911 was a clerk to a Solicitor to the Supreme Court, Edinburgh. After coming second in an open Civil Service competition, on 4 January 1912 began work as a Second Class Clerk in the Deeds and Protests Office. On 8 June 1915 he attested for war service in the Forth (Territorial Force) Royal Garrison Artillery, as Gunner 1183. Served in France with the 1/4th and 2/4th Companies, Forth RGA from 25 March 1916 until repatriated with synovitis in left knee, 3 July 1916. Posted to France again as Gunner 122257 with 251st Siege Battery, RGA, 4 January – 1 June 1917. Began officer training and was commissioned as 2nd Lieut in RGA in early 1918. Married Helen Petrie Black, 28 August 1918 and returned to France, 6 September. Joined 379 Siege Battery, 29 October 1918. Demobilised at Edinburgh 21 June 1919. He died 26 February 1976 at Liverpool, aged 88.
Sasine Office
James Allan
Born 18 April 1892, Newtongrange, Newbattle, Midlothian, son of George Allan, coal miner, and his wife Margaret Brown. Serving as a law apprentice in 1911. After open competition, appointed Clerk in Register House Departments, 7 August 1912, working in Sasine Office as Second Class Clerk. Enlisted 1 November 1915, Private 2349, 3rd Lowland Field Ambulance (Territorial Force). Later transferred to King’s Own Scottish Borderers as Private 29038, and was drafted to France, joining a battalion on the Western Front on 29 December 1917. Was evacuated to England, 18 January 1918, suffering from trench foot, for which he received further treatment that summer. Transferred to Army Pay Corps as Private 23532, 11 October 1918. Demobilised 1 March 1919. Returned to Sasine Office in peacetime. Became active in public life in Midlothian, eventually leaving Register House. After two years on Bonnyrigg and Lasswade town council, was elected Provost for a three-year term, November 1938. Appointed Solicitor and Registrar for Scotland of the Coal Commission, September 1939, serving until at least 1954. Appointed independent member of District Agricultural Wages Committee for the Lothians, December 1941. Married Janie S McDonald, 6 September 1919, and after her death, 16 January 1950, married Margaret Bell, 13 September 1951. He survived her, dying 8 January 1978, in Edinburgh, aged 85.
Robert Wallace Allan
Born 21 January 1880, Cupar, Fife, son of Robert Allan, blacksmith, and his wife Robina Wallace. By 1901 was a clerk in Edinburgh. 7 November 1901 married Agnes Gibb Leitch, Leith. In 1911 was an Engrossing Clerk in the Sasine Office. Enlisted in 9th Battalion, Royal Scots, 14 September 1914, and served in France from 24 February 1915, as Private 2263, later Lance Corporal. In October 1915 he left the battalion on being commissioned as 2nd Lieut. Gassed while on active service and repatriated. Posted to perform administrative duty at Stirling and Galashiels. Returned to Sasine Office, 1 February 1919. Appointed to permanent staff as Second Class Clerk, 19 May 1921. Retired as First Class Clerk. Died 7 November 1959, Edinburgh, aged 79.
Robert Wilson Baird
Born 19 October 1884, Linlithgow, son of Thomas Baird, shoemaker, and his wife Janet Richardson. In about 1903 became Engrossing Clerk, Sasine Office. Married Violet Newbigging Gemmel, Linlithgow, 2 June 1911. Called up for military service 20 December 1916. Posted as Private M/225152 to the Motor Transport Reserve Depot, Army Service Corps, at Grove Park, London. Served in 373 Motor Transport Company, Bedford, from 18 January until 9 November 1917, transferring as a heavy vehicle driver to 977 MT Company, Norwich. Appointed Acting Sergeant November 1918, and demobilised 8 April 1919. Mentioned in Secretary of State for War’s List for ‘valuable service rendered in connection with the war’, 28 August 1919. Appointed to permanent staff as a Special Class Clerk, 11 March 1921. His wife died in childbirth, 20 January 1924. Re-married Violet Helen Scott, 21 July 1926, Edinburgh. Retired from Sasine Office as Higher Executive Officer. Died 7 December 1970, Edinburgh, aged 86.
Robert Barron
Born 24 April 1878, Ladhope, Galashiels, son of Alexander Barron, journeyman tailor, and his wife Alice Bunyan. Working as a law clerk in Galashiels, 1901. Appointed Second Class Clerk, Sasine Office, by 1910. Joined Army, 29 May 1916, as Gunner 87429, Royal Garrison Artillery. Served overseas, latterly as Corporal in a support role in a ‘Base Detail’ of RGA, probably in France. After the war returned to Sasine Office, retiring as a Chief Clerk. Married Elizabeth Marshall, shorthand typist, Edinburgh, 15 July 1921. Died 23 April 1963, Edinburgh, aged 84
James Smith Binnie MSM
Born 29 January 1888, Lochend, South Leith, son of Janet Binnie, domestic servant, and an unnamed father. Worked as a law clerk in Edinburgh before appointment as Second Class Clerk in Sasine Office, 3 August 1912. Member of the Register House Golf Club. Probably a peacetime member of 5th Battalion, Royal Scots. Held rank of Corporal and later Sergeant (1511), stationed at Portobello when he married Catherine Maude Strange, 4 March 1915. Arrived with 1/5th Battalion at Gallipoli, 25 April 1915. Served in the amalgamated 5/6th Battalion after 15 June 1916 as 251065. Awarded Meritorious Service Medal, 22 February 1919, and ended service as Colour Sergeant, apparently in 4th Battalion. Mentioned in Secretary of State for War’s List for ‘valuable service rendered in connection with the war’, 28 August 1919. After his wife’s death 20 April 1935, he married secondly Emily Maude Brash, 31 August 1936, Edinburgh. Retired as Assistant Keeper, Sasines Office. Died 6 June 1975, Edinburgh, aged 87.
George Brand
Born 31 March 1871, Aberdeen, son of William Brand, engine erector, and his wife Elizabeth Martin. Studied law at Aberdeen University, 1892-3. A law clerk in Edinburgh when he married Margaret Jane Rosie, 14 July 1896, Edinburgh. Became Engrossing Clerk in Sasine Office in about 1903. In December 1914 he enlisted as a Private in 2/9th Battalion Royal Scots, and served at Scottish Command’s Labour Centre, Blairgowrie, according to ‘University of Aberdeen Roll of Service in the Great War 1914-1919’ ed M D Allardyce (1921), p. 133. In March 1918 he was listed as being on military service. Appointed to permament staff as a Special Clerk, 11 March 1921. Died 1 January 1933, Edinburgh, aged 61.
David Alexander Burgess
Born 25 June 1875, Ruthwell, Dumfriesshire, son of WIlliam Burgess, watchman, and his wife Margaret Murray. Working as a clerk in Edinburgh when he married Margaret Hay Cameron, 30 April 1904, Edinburgh. By the following year he had become an Engrossing Clerk in the Sasine Office. After outbreak of war he applied to the London Recruiting Depot, Whitehall, to enlist and serve in the Army Pay Corps, but the Keeper of the Register of Sasines was reluctant to let him enlist. By March 1918 he was on military service. He returned to Sasine Office and was appointed to permament staff as a Special Clerk, 12 March 1921. In 1919 divorced his wife. Married secondly 23 December 1927, Edinburgh, Rebecca R Watson or Baglioni, who died 14 November 1937. After his retirement as a Clerical Officer in Sasines Office, he married thirdly Nancy Skelton Graham, 29 September 1942, Portobello. He died 4 February 1954, Eastriggs, Dumfriesshire, aged 78.
Hugh Alexander Cameron
Born 21 December 1865, Galston, Ayrshire, son of William Cameron, accountant, and Maggie Wallace Starke. By 1910 he was an Engrossing Clerk in the Sasine Office. During the war he served as Private 17442 in the Army Pay Corps, being stationed at Dover at the time of his marriage to Robina Frew at Edinburgh, 5 July 1918. Returned to the Sasine Office in peacetime and was seconded to the staff of the 1921 Census Office, 4 July 1921 - 14 July 1922. Subsequently left Register House and was working as a commercial traveller when he died at Musselburgh, 4 January 1927, aged 61.
Daniel Ross Couper
Born 21 March 1869, Edinburgh, son of William Couper, journeyman cooper, and his wife Diana Ross. Attended James Gillespie’s School. Appointed Clerk to Lunacy Board, Scotland, 14 November 1889. Studied law at Edinburgh University in 1895-6 session. On temporary staff of Sasine Office as a clerk when he married Annie Stewart Wilson, Edinburgh, 14 July 1896. Appointed permanent Second Class Clerk, Sasine Office, 3 May 1899. Joined 9th Battalion, Royal Scots, rising to Sergeant by 1908. Appointed Quartermaster Sergeant in 3rd (Reserve) Battalion, 18 September 1914, the date he was mobilised for war service. After the Armistice returned to Sasine Office, retiring as a Chief Clerk. Died 11 July 1935, Edinburgh, aged 66.
Thomas Crossan
Born 6 April 1881, Falkirk, son of Thomas Crossan, merchant seaman, and his wife Elizabeth Walker, who moved to Glasgow by 1883. Working as lawyer’s apprentice there in April 1901. Appointed Second Class Clerk in Sasine Office, 3 December 1901. Married Margaret Fraser, Glasgow, 16 April 1906. Joined Army 24 October 1916, but his service history is not yet known. Returned to Sasine Office after the war, rising to First Class Clerk by 1926. Died 25 March 1936, Edinburgh, aged 54.
James Edwards Duncan
Born 3 May 1867, Stonehaven, Kincardineshire, son of James Duncan, leather warehouseman, and his wife Isabella Kinloch. Working as a railway clerk in Greenock when he married Isabella Clark, 1 January 1892, Kinneff, Kincardineshire. In about 1903 he began working as an Engrossing Clerk in Sasine Office, and was doing so in 1911. He was called up into 5/6th Battalion, Royal Scots (Private 200413), possibly being sent to the Western Front in a draft of reinforcements in April 1917 (will dated 18 April). Transferred to the Labour Corps (Private 595770). In March 1918 listed as on military service but invalided. Discharged as an Army Pensioner, 4 March 1919. Resumed work as a Clerk in Sasines Office. Appointed to permanent staff as a Special Clerk, 11 March 1921. Died 20 February 1922, Edinburgh, aged 54.
Adam Dryden
Born 22 January 1886, Edinburgh, son of Robert Dryden, builder, and his wife Mary Alexander. Law clerk living in Dalkeith at time of Census in April 1901. Appointed Second Class Clerk, Sasine Office, 1 October 1907. Enlisted as Private S/13360 in 14th Battalion, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, 6 September 1915. Stationed at Farnborough at time of his marriage to Elizabeth Hill Pryde Forrest, sewing teacher, at Edinburgh, 19 April 1916. Sent to France and was transferred to 10th Battalion at unknown date. Saw action, being listed among the regiment’s wounded in weekly casualty list, 26 September 1918. In peacetime returned to Sasine Office, rising to Chief Assistant Keeper at his retirement. Died 16 December 1974, Edinburgh, aged 88.
Robert Falconer
Born 25 January 1878, Edinburgh, son of Alexander Falconer, bookseller's assistant, and his wife Madeline Campbell. Attended George Heriot’s School, Edinburgh, 1888-93. Joined Sasine Office staff, 4 September 1899. Second Class Clerk when he enlisted at Edinburgh, 11 November 1915 and was placed on the Army Reserve. Mobilised and posted to 2/4th Company, Forth Royal Garrison Artillery (Private, 3259). Attached as Gunner to 210 Siege Battery, RGA, 14 August 1916, later transferring to several RGA units in the south of England. Appointed Acting Bombardier, 28 February 1917, and posted to 374 Siege Battery, RGA, 1 March 1917. His brother John C Falconer, also RGA, was killed in action 15 June 1917. Robert Falconer embarked for service in France, 15 August 1917, remaining there, with at least two periods of leave, until returning to Britain to be demobilised on or about 1 February 1919. Post-war career unknown, but was a member of the Register House Golf Club. He was described as a retired solicitor at his death, unmarried, 11 September 1959, Edinburgh, aged 81.
William Florence or Florance
Born 11 December 1873, Garmouth, Moray, son of John Florance or Florence, coach proprietor, and his wife Barbara Geddie. Aged 17 in 1891 was working as a general clerk and living with his family in Garmouth, Moray. After a limited competition was appointed Second Class Clerk in Sasine Office, 13 May 1899. Served as a peacetime Territorial officer in 4th Battalion, Royal Scots. Was mobilised with his former rank of Lieutenant 29 January 1915. Possibly saw service as Captain William Florence of the Royal Defence Corps. Resumed his career after the war, rising to First Class Clerk, circa 1921-6. Died unmarried 3 December 1942, Edinburgh, aged 68.
William Hastings
Born 9 March 1880, Lasswade, Midlothian, son of Alexander Hastings, journeyman baker, and his wife Mary Reid. In 1891 was a law clerk in Edinburgh, and in about 1903 began work as an Engrossing Clerk in Sasine Office. Married Anne Moore Crawford, 29 March 1904, Edinburgh. During the war he served as Private 3131 in D Company, 9th Battalion, Royal Scots, later as Private 40390. Transferred to Labour Corps as Private 254069. In March 1918 was listed as one of the engrossing clerks on military service: ‘In France – invalided’. Held the rank of corporal when discharged, 16 March 1919, and received a disability pension for deafness caused by his war service, which is stated also to have included attachment to the Scottish Rifles. Resumed work in Sasine Office and was appointed to permanent staff as a Special Clerk, 11 April 1921. Died in retirement, 2 February 1948, North Berwick, aged 67.
Charles Henderson
Born 12 March 1878, Hailes Quarry, Colinton, son of Charles Henderson, quarry carter, and his wife Jane Riddell. Began service as a Porter in Register House, 16 July 1906. Married Margaret Purdie, leather machinist, Edinburgh, 28 December 1906. Appointed Messenger, Register House, 1 July 1912. Joined Army as Private S/14794, 1st Battalion, Gordon Highlanders, 20 June 1916. Was a drummer in the regiment in September 1917. Later transferred to Black Watch (Royal Highlanders), as Private S/23459, and was promoted to Lance Corporal, serving with 2/1st Highland Cyclist Battalion. Discharged 18 December 1918, suffering from ‘general debility’ aggravated by service, for which he received a permanent pension of 8d per day from 24 December 1919. Resumed work as a messenger. Died 24 May 1941, Edinburgh, aged 63.
James McMinn Houston
Born 17 November 1883, Paisley, son of Thomas Houston, foreman shoemaker, and his wife Robina McMinn. Appointed Second Class Clerk in Register House Departments, 2 June 1908. Probably assigned to Sasine Office, and was working in Register House in spring 1911. By the date he married Beatrice Victoria Crockett in Glasgow, 3 August 1915, he appears to have been seconded to a government department in London, where he was living. Enlisted at Whitehall, London, in 2/15th Battalion, London Regiment (Prince of Wales Own Civil Service Rifles), 8 June 1916. Embarked for active service in France, 29 Sep 1916, thence to Salonika, 19 November 1916, serving there until transferred to Egypt, 20 June 1917. During an action in Palestine, received a gunshot wound to his left thigh, 2 May 1918. Hospitalised at Taranto, Italy, 9-30 July 1918. Rejoined unit in France, 13 Aug 1918. Treated for scabies and bronchitis, September 1918, before evacuation to Dutton war hospital, Lancashire. After 124 days in hospital was discharged, 2 February 1919. Resumed work in Sasine Office, rising to be a Chief Clerk. Died 31 May 1947, after a road accident near Innerleithen, aged 63.
Alexander Hutchison
Born 8 July 1878 at Forfar, son of William Hutchison, powerloom tenter, and Elizabeth Innes. Apprentice lawyer with W & J S Gordon, solicitors, Forfar. Law clerk in Dundee, 1901. Married Mary Ann Watson at Dundee, 16 May 1908. Working as clerk in Edinburgh by 1915. An Engrossing Clerk in the Sasine Office when he enlisted in the Army, 1 October 1916, and was called up, 4 January 1917. Served in Royal Artillery as Gunner 135678; final posting was with 54th Anti-Aircraft Battery. Demobilised 15 January 1919 and returned to Census Office. Seconded to the staff of the 1921 Census Office, 4 July - 19 August 1921. Subsequently left Register House and joined Dundas & Wilson, solicitors, Edinburgh. Died at Edinburgh 26 October 1952, aged 74.
George Laird
Born 27 June 1894, Johnstone, Renfrewshire, son of George Laird, book agent, and his wife Jeanie Peddie. In 1911 was a law clerk in Edinburgh. After open competition, joined Sasine Office as a Second Class Clerk, 2 August 1915. Enlisted on 30 September 1915 (unit not stated), and rejoined staff, 17 March 1919. Married Elizabeth Hope Ormiston, 4 April 1922, Edinburgh. Was studying for a Bachelor of Law degree at Edinburgh University during 1922, and was admitted as a law agent, 1925, and later as a Notary Public. Practised on his own account from 1925, in partnership with Robert Duncan Gray SSC, as Laird and Gray, circa 1942-44, and with his son Alexander Peddie Laird SSC, as Laird and Laird, circa 1951-1966. Prepared the index to the revision of Green’s ‘Encyclopaedia of the Scottish Legal System’, 1941. Retired from practice, circa 1975. Died 25 May 1983, in Edinburgh, aged 88.
John Hughes Leask
Born 1 March 1888, Edinburgh, son of William Leask (1848-1912), Clerk in the Sasine Office, and his wife Mary Anna Leslie. After training as a clerk in a law firm, he was appointed a Second Class Clerk in the Register House Departments, 7 April 1909, and worked in the Sasine Office. Joined Army, 29 May 1916. The unit in which he first served is not yet known, but he received training as an officer cadet and was commissioned as a 2nd Lieut in the Royal Garrison Artillery, 18 December 1916. After the war he resumed his post in the Sasine Office, and was promoted to Assistant Accountant, January 1930, and subsequently to Accountant. He was Group Scout Master of Rover Scouts and Cubs of St Serf’s Church, Edinburgh. Unmarried, he lived with his sisters and brother in Aberdour, Fife, where he died suddenly 6 October 1947, aged 59.
George McKenzie
Born 6 October 1888, Ladybank, Fife, son of Kenneth McKenzie, labourer, and his wife Anne Muckarsie or Muckersie. Appointed Second Class Clerk in Register House Departments, 31 July 1911, and was placed in Sasine Office, where his younger brother John Muckersie McKenzie was a boy clerk. Joined the Army, 20 March 1916, apparently as a private, but his military career is not yet known. He was still serving at the Armistice, probably not overseas. Resumed work in Sasine Office, later promoted to First Class Clerk. Married Agnes Mitchell, school teacher, Glasgow, 27 April 1923. Died 20 January 1968, Edinburgh, aged 79.
John Duncan McKenzie
Born 9 March 1879, Edinburgh, son of William McKenzie, bank nightwatchman and his wife Janet McDonald. Law clerk in Edinburgh when he married Elizabeth H Macgregor, 7 August 1903, Edinburgh. In about 1904 he became an Engrossing Clerk in the Sasine Office. In March 1918 he was listed as one of the clerks then on military service (unit not stated). Resumed work in the Office after the war. Appointed to permanent staff as a Special Clerk, 18 April 1921. Died in retirement 15 May 1944, Edinburgh, aged 65.
John Muckersie McKenzie
Born 1 December 1891, Ladybank, Fife, son of Kenneth McKenzie, factory engineman, and his wife Ann Muckersie or Muckarsie. His younger brother George McKenzie, was also in the Sasine Office. Left school aged 16½. Boy Clerk, 1908-1909, entering the Sasine Office as Boy Clerk, 14 December 1909. On reaching the age limit on 8 December 1911 he was retained as a temporary clerk. Appointed a Clerk in Register House Departments, 30 January 1914. Was a Clerk in Sasine Office when he enlisted for war service in the Army Ordnance Corps. Went overseas 12 June 1915 as Sergeant 03017, rising to Staff Sergeant by the time he married Annie Horsburgh Crowe, in Edinburgh, 13 February 1917, when he was designated Warrant Officer and ‘Sub-Conductor’, Army Ordnance Corps. Having completed officer training he was discharged from his unit on 12 March 1917 and commissioned in Army Ordnance Department. Returned to work post-war, and retired as Deputy Keeper of Register of Sasines. After his wife’s death, 10 April 1957, he married secondly Agnes Martin Houston, 12 June 1958, Edinburgh. Died 15 January 1974, Edinburgh, aged 82.
John Alexander McQueen or Macqueen DSO
Born 2 May 1880, Arnish, Stornoway, son of James Macqueen, lighthouse keeper, and his wife Christina McKinnon. Started work as Second Class Clerk in Sasine Office, 24 December 1900. In 1911 he stated he was bilingual in English and Gaelic. Married Alison Wilson, 1 September 1914, Edinburgh. After war broke out he spent his spare time with the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve on coastal defence in the Firth of Forth. He was commissioned as Temporary Lieutenant 3 November 1914. Served with distinction on minesweepers. Promoted while on active service to First Class Clerk, September 1916. Appointed Temporary Acting Lieutenant Commander, 31 December 1918. His demobilisation was cancelled 11 February 1919, apparently to continue his service in clearing mines. He was mentioned in despatches, and on 5 July 1920 he was invested in the Distinguished Service Order for his mine clearance work. Returned to Register of Sasines after the war. Promoted to Assistant Keeper, 27 May 1935. Promoted to Lieut Commander RNVR in late 1939, and at the request of the Commander-in-Chief, Rosyth, he was released for duty at Granton Base on 4 December 1939. Retired as Deputy Keeper of the Records. Commodore of the Royal Forth Yacht Club, 1947-1957. Latterly lived at Strathtay, Perthshire. Died 17 August 1960, Edinburgh, aged 80.
John McVie OBE MSM
Born 1 March 1888, Stair, Ayrshire, son of John McVie, hone sawyer, and his wife Thomasina McCracken. Ayrshire. Educated at Stair School and Ayr Academy. Apprentice law clerk with W W & J Pollock in Ayr, and Tods, Murray & Jamieson in Edinburgh, qualifying as a solicitor in 1911. Appointed Second Class Clerk in Register House Departments, 22 November 1911. Placed in Sasine Office. Joined 1/9th Battalion, Royal Scots as a Territorial soldier in 1909, and was called up on outbreak of war in 1914. Landed in France 24 February 1915, and served there for the rest of the war. Private 350036. On staff of 3rd Army HQ, 1916-1919, and was promoted to Sergeant. Awarded Meritorious Service Medal, 18 October 1916. Promoted to Company Quarter Master Sergeant & Acting Warrant Officer Class II. Married Jessie Gordon Hunter, 7 August 1918, at Tarbolton, Ayrshire. Listed in Field Marshal Haig’s despatch ‘submitting names deserving of special mention’, 27 December 1918. Disembodied 26 February 1919 and returned to Sasine Office. Promoted to First Class Clerk, 1930, Chief Clerk, 1943, Chief Assistant Keeper, 1946. Appointed OBE 1945. Keeper of the Registers of Scotland, 1 April 1949-1957. Active promoter of Scottish culture and member of historical and literary societies. Secretary of the Burns Federation, 1932-46, President, 1950. Published short books on Robert Burns’s links to Ayrshire and Edinburgh, a selection of his writings and a songbook, 1927-1962. Influential supporter of and fundraiser for the Scottish National Dictionary, serving on its Executive Committee from 1943, as its President 1946, and on the Joint Council, 1954-67. Died 5 February 1967, Leith, aged 78.
John Malcolm
Born 12 April 1880, Leith, son of James Malcolm, journeyman boilermaker, and his wife Jane Mill. Began working as an Engrossing Clerk in the Sasine Office about 1909. His pre-war military and government service included spells in 2nd Battalion, Edinburgh Rifles (Royal Scots), the South African Constabulary, the Lothian and Border Horse, and as a Territorial soldier in the Army Service Corps. Married Agnes Matilda Henderson, 18 September 1914, Edinburgh. Attested with the rank of Corporal (RTS/5254) on 2 January 1915, was appointed Acting Regimental Quarter Master Sergeant on 20 January, and embarked for France on 25 January with the 17th Squadron of the ASC’s 3rd Base Remount Depot, which was based at Janval Camp, Dieppe for the duration of the war. Reduced to Foreman Corporal for drunkenness and absence, 20 December 1916, but rank restored 12 February 1917. His wife died 22 June 1917. Promoted to Quarter Master Sergeant (Warrant Officer Class II) 22 June 1918. Married Ann Beveridge Rodger Adamson, 15 July 1918, Methil, Fife. Returned to Britain on 26 January 1919. Resumed work in the Sasine Office,. Appointed to permanent staff as a Special Clerk, 11 March 1921. Died 27 February 1955, Edinburgh, aged 74.
John Moncrieff Milligan TD
Born 8 August 1877, Portobello, son of Alexander Miller, journeyman joiner, and his wife Jane Stark. Appointed Temporary Clerk in Sasine Office, 4 September 1899. Married Mary Ann Johnston, 10 July 1902, Edinburgh. Volunteer Lieutenant, promoted to be Captain in 4th Volunteer Battalion, Royal Scots, 26 February 1908, the year it became 6th (Territorial) Battalion. Mobilised in 1914, promoted to Temporary Major, 30 May 1915. Whilst absent on active service was promoted to First Class Clerk, 27 August 1915. Sent overseas with Battalion, disembarking at Alexandria, Egypt, 15 September 1915. Wounded in action against Senussi insurgents at Wadi Shaifa in Western Egypt, 13 December 1915. His battalion left for France, 8 May 1916. After transfer to France he was promoted to second-in-command of 7th Battalion, Black Watch, 153rd Brigade, 51st Division, joining 10 August 1916. Promoted to full Major, 21 October 1916. Saw action in battles of Ancre, Scarpe and elsewhere on Western Front, 1916-1917. Struck off strength of Battalion, 12 October 1917. Mentioned in Sir Douglas Haig’s despatches dated 7 November 1917. Said to have rejoined Battalion, 13 May 1918, leaving in June to take up appointment at Corps HQ. For an unknown period he commanded a military camp. Seconded for service with Labour Corps, 16 November 1918. In July 1919 he was awarded the Territorial Decoration (for Territorial Officers). Retired from Territorials with rank of Lieutenant Colonel. Resumed career in Sasine Office. Repeatedly passed over, he was promoted from Senior First Class Clerk to Acting Chief Clerk in Northern District of the Sasines, August 1940. On medical advice he resigned in August 1941. Died 20 December 1953, Edinburgh, aged 76.
Lewis Ockrent
Born 20 December 1892, Edinburgh, son of Reuben Ockrend or Ockrent, picture seller, and his wife Mary Weiner. Appointed Clerk in Register House Departments after open competition, 14 April 1914, and worked in Sasine Office. Married Ruth Resnick, teacher of Hebrew, Edinburgh, 30 October 1915. On attempting to enlist in Edinburgh, 15 November 1915, was certified unfit for military service pending an operation to cure his chronic hernia. Requested a sedentary occupation. Military Service Appeal Tribunal rejected his appeal, 5 January 1917. Conscripted into 2/7th Battalion, Lancashire Fusiliers, 5 February 1917, as Private 39167. Transferred to Labour Corps as Private 579560, rising to Acting Sergeant. Served overseas, probably in France. Discharged 30 March 1919, and received pension owing to ‘debility’. Resumed work in Sasine Office. Studied law at Edinburgh University, 1923-25. John Robertson Essay Prize, 1925, and awarded Vans Dunlop three-year scholarship in Scots law and conveyancing, 1926. Awarded a Ph.D. degree at Edinburgh for his thesis ‘An inquiry into the history of registration for publication in Scotland’, 17 December 1937, published as ‘Land rights: an enquiry into the history of registration for publication in Scotland’ (Edinburgh, 1942). Living in Edinburgh in 1944, and in Glasgow by 1947, having transferred to Ministry of Labour there. Took over as the Ministry’s District Officer in Motherwell around December 1949. Sometime after his daughter Myra Ockrent emigrated to Israel in 1955, Lewis and his wife are said to have followed her.
William Paterson
Born 5 October 1882, Wishaw, Lanarkshire, son of Alexander Paterson, law clerk, and his wife Agnes Millar. Law student in Edinburgh in 1901. Clerk in Sasine Office, 1911. Enlisted in 1/9th Battalion, Royal Scots, 15 November 1915 (Private 3911, later 351340). Training and home service in various regimental units until drafted to France, 12 April 1917, possibly as part of reinforcement for 1/9th Battalion. Wounded in the left arm and mouth, 27 May 1917. Evacuated from France, 13 June 1917. Posted to 4th Reserve Battalion, 16 November 1917. Trained as a signaller. Promoted to Corporal, 20 June 1918. Disembodied 17 February 1919, and received disability pension. Resumed work as Second Class Clerk in Sasine Office. Died unmarried, 13 September 1942, Edinburgh, aged 59.
Andrew Penman
Born 20 June 1893, Grangemouth, son of Walter McLuckie Penman, mercantile clerk, and his wife Margaret Wallace. In 1911 he was a Boy Clerk in the Civil Service, living at Grangemouth. Joined Sasine Office as Second Class Clerk, 18 May 1915, and enlisted on 12 July 1915. Served in 14th Battalion, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders (Private S/9955). Lance Corporal A Penman listed among regimental wounded in January 1918. Later in 10th Battalion and the Labour Corps. Discharged with disability pension, 22 May 1919 and rejoined Sasine Office two days later, 24 May 1919. Married Elizabeth Thomson, 10 August 1922, Grangemouth. Retired as Deputy Keeper, Register of Sasines. Died 16 July 1970, Edinburgh, aged 77.
Frederick Noble Mackenzie Robertson
Born 11 December 1889, Edinburgh, son of Henry Robertson, clothier, and his wife Maggie Urquhart. Law apprentice in Edinburgh, April 1911. Appointed Second Class Clerk in Register House Departments, 4 October 1912. His elder brother Harry Robertson was already on the staff. Enlisted 5 November 1915 and called up from Army Reserve 14 February 1916, serving as Private 28453, 8th Battalion, Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry in Salonika, from January 1917 to December 1918. Wounded in action 8-9 May 1917, and after contracting malaria was evacuated to Britain, 16 December 1918. Demobilised 19 March 1919. In peacetime resumed work in Sasine Office. Died unmarried, 4 December 1948, Edinburgh, aged 58.
Harry Robertson
Born 17 November 1876, Edinburgh, son of Henry Robertson, tailor’s cutter, and his wife Maggie Urquhart. Working as clothier’s assistant in 1901, he was appointed a clerk in Register House, I November 1899. Enlisted 5 April 1916 and served for the duration of the war in an unidentified unit. Whilst still on military service was promoted to First Class Clerk, 17 January 1918, and returned to Sasine Office in peacetime. He was living in Edinburgh until at least 1947, but details of his later life remain unknown.
William Robertson
Born 21 May 1881, Edinburgh, son of George Robertson, public school teacher, and his wife Christina Barclay Currie Robertson. Elder brother of John Mitchell Robertson of Deeds Office. Appointed Second Class Clerk in Sasine Office, 26 December 1899. Married Mary Lucy Elizabeth Grant, Edinburgh, 29 April 1915. Joined Army, 13 March 1917, and was described as a gunner in early 1918, but other details of his war service are not yet known. After the war resumed work in Sasine Office, was promoted to First Class Clerk, 26 June 1928, and to be Chief Clerk, 1941. Died 2 February 1943, Edinburgh, aged 61.
2nd Lieut Charles Smith Scobie RFC. Courtesy of Kenneth Scobie
Charles Smith Scobie
Born 21 February 1895, Edinburgh, son of James Scobie, Commission Clerk, Sasine Office, and his wife Clementina Mitchell. Educated at Daniel Stewart’s College, Edinburgh. Joined Sasine Office as Second Class Clerk, 17 May 1915, and enlisted in the Army, 16 July 1915. Served in 14th Battalion, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, as Private S/12302, and Acting Corporal when drafted to France. Commissioned as 2nd Lieut in Royal Flying Corps, 25 September 1917. Posted on attachment to 4 Squadron, Australian Flying Corps, 13 May 1918, transferring to 80 Squadron RAF, 31 July 1918, flying Sopwith Camels on low-level operations in both units. Returned to Sasine Office after the war. Played cricket for Scotland as right-handed bowler, 1923-28. Married Shena Bertram Melrose, 30 July 1937, Edinburgh. Retired as Assistant Keeper, Department of the Registers of Scotland. Died 2 September 1965, Edinburgh, aged 70.
William Roderick Scott
Baptised 4 December 1887, parish of Ludgershall, Wiltshire, son of Joseph Scott, Excise Officer, and his wife Jessie McLeod. Attending school in Edinburgh, 1891. Appointed a Second Class Clerk in the Register House Departments, 7 January 1908. Working in Sasine Office by spring 1911. Married Annie Gray Sinclair, 17 February 1911, Edinburgh. War service in Royal Scots, starting as Private (probably 49995), and later commissioned as temporary 2nd Lieut in the regiment, 29 July 1918. Resumed his clerkship post-war, rising to be Deputy Keeper of the Sasines by his retirement. Died 20 December 1964, Edinburgh, aged 77.
Alexander Smith
Born 22 June 1879, Forfar, son of John Smith, schoolteacher, and his wife Margaret Ann Anderson. Working as law clerk in Edinburgh in spring 1901. Appointed Second Class Clerk in Register House, 26 November 1901, working in Sasine Office. Enlisted 15 November 1915 as a private, serving for duration of war, in an unidentified unit. Returned to Sasine Office in peacetime, and married Margaret Smith Anderson, art teacher, at Dundee, 27 June 1919. By 1926 was promoted to First Class Clerk. Retired early and died at Broughty Ferry, 17 April 1938, aged 58
John Sommerville or Somerville
Born 23 August 1881, Edinburgh, son of Thomas Sommerville, journeyman mason and his wife Agnes Wilson. In 1901 was a law apprentice in Edinburgh. Appointed Second Class Clerk in Sasine Office, 1 March 1904. Married Margaret Holliday, 3 August 1908, Edinburgh. Continued to work after outbreak of war, joining up on 5 September 1916. Ended service with the rank of sergeant, but his unit and where he served have not yet been identified. After the war he resumed his post in Register House, and was admitted to be a law agent, 3 February 1920. Thereafter until 1932 he conducted a private practice as a conveyancer of mainly domestic property in the Edinburgh area. Was appointed a First Class Clerk, 7 July 1930, and in 1940 was promoted from Acting Chief Clerk to Assistant Keeper, Glasgow District. He retired in 1946. Died 1 December 1952, Edinburgh aged 71.
Francis Yates Strachan
Born 8 April 1891, Edinburgh, son of William Anderson Strachan, tailor's cutter, and his wife Sarah McWhinnie. In 1911 working as a law clerk in Edinburgh, possibly as an Engrossing Clerk in Sasine Office. Joined Sasine Office as Second Class Clerk, 12 July 1915. On 4 October he enlisted for war service in the Forth Territorial unit of the Royal Garrison Artillery, rising from Gunner 347416 to Corporal. Commissioned as 2nd Lieut in RGA, 21 October 1918. Returned to the Sasine Office after the war. Married Isabella Wilson Moncrieff Dunn, 9 August 1924. (Their son Flying Officer W J Strachan, RAFVR, died 28 March 1946.) Retired as Senior Executive Officer, Register of Sasines. Died 23 June 1966, aged 75.
James Urquhart
Born 4 August 1878, Forfar, son of Duncan Urquhart, game dealer, and his wife Christina Coventry. Appointed a Second Class Clerk in the Register House Departments, 1 March 1901, was working in Sasine Office in 1911, and when he married Emily Mackay in Edinburgh on 17 April 1914. The nature and duration of his wartime service is not yet known, but he was in uniform at the end of the war. Returned to his post and was promoted to First Class Clerk before his retirement. He died 16 January 1944, Edinburgh, aged 65.
David Newton White
Born 24 December 1890, Linlithgow, son of James White, joiner, and his wife Margaret Vernon. Educated Linlithgow Academy. Boy Clerk in Civil Service departments, London, before appointment as Assistant Clerk (Abstractor), Prison Commission for Scotland, February 1911. Appointed Second Class Clerk in Register House Departments, and placed in Sasine Office, 15 November 1911. Keen sportsman, member of the Register House Golf Club. Territorial soldier in 1/9th Battalion, Royal Scots (Private 2168, later 350452), landing in France 24 February 1915. Shot through the wrist at St Julien, probably during the Second Battle of Ypres, April 1915. Promoted Corporal before being commissioned as 2nd Lieut in Highland Light Infantry, 15 April 1917. Promoted to Captain and served with the King’s Royal Rifles in Burma. Resumed work as clerk in Sasine Office after the war. Chairman and Trustee of the Royal Scots Club. Married Dora Roberts Birtles or Edmondson, 27 August 1929, Edinburgh. Retired as Deputy Keeper of Registers of Scotland, living in Edinburgh. Died 5 July 1957 in Fife, aged 66.
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James Donald
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James Donald (* 18. Mai 1917 in Aberdeen, Schottland; † 3. August 1993 in Wiltshire, England) war ein schottischer Schauspieler. James Donald wurde im schottischen Aberdeen geboren und begann seine professionelle Schauspielkarriere etwa Ende der 1930er-Jahre. Den Durchbruch erlebte er 1943 durch seinen hochgelobten Auftritt in Noël Cowards Stück Present Laughter. Außerdem spielte er auch in Stücken von William Shakespeare, George Bernhard Shaw und Jean Cocteau.
Obwohl seine Karriere vor allem dem Theater gewidmet war, erreichte Donald auch Bekanntheit als Schauspieler in Film und Fernsehen, wobei er meistens etwas humorlose, aber meist anständige Respektspersonen in Nebenrollen verkörperte. Bereits während des Zweiten Weltkriegs hatte er kleinere Rollen in einigen Propaganda-Militärfilmen. Doch erst nach dem Krieg erhielt Donald auch im Film größere Rollen, so als Theo van Gogh in Vincente Minnellis Filmobiografie Vincent van Gogh – Ein Leben in Leidenschaft (1954) mit Kirk Douglas. Donalds wohl bekannteste Filmrolle war der britische Militärarzt Major Clipton in David Leans Kriegsepos Die Brücke am Kwai (1957), wobei er den berühmten Schlusssatz des Filmes („Madness! Madness!“) ausrief. Nach Die Brücke am Kwai spielte Donald auch noch in zwei weiteren Filmen, die die Gefangenschaft von Soldaten während des Zweiten Weltkrieges zum Thema hatten: Gesprengte Ketten (1963) und Sie nannten ihn King (1965). In einigen kleineren Filmen übernahm Donald auch Hauptrollen, bekannt von diesen Filmen ist heute vor allem noch der Science-Fiction-Thriller Das grüne Blut der Dämonen. Er spielte auch in vielen britischen Fernsehserien und Fernsehfilmen.
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The Movie Database
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https://www.themoviedb.org/person/12250-james-donald
|
James Donald (* 18. Mai 1917 in Aberdeen, Schottland; † 3. August 1993 in Wiltshire, England) war ein schottischer Schauspieler. James Donald wurde im schottischen Aberdeen geboren und begann seine professionelle Schauspielkarriere etwa Ende der 1930er-Jahre. Den Durchbruch erlebte er 1943 durch seinen hochgelobten Auftritt in Noël Cowards Stück Present Laughter. Außerdem spielte er auch in Stücken von William Shakespeare, George Bernhard Shaw und Jean Cocteau.
Obwohl seine Karriere vor allem dem Theater gewidmet war, erreichte Donald auch Bekanntheit als Schauspieler in Film und Fernsehen, wobei er meistens etwas humorlose, aber meist anständige Respektspersonen in Nebenrollen verkörperte. Bereits während des Zweiten Weltkriegs hatte er kleinere Rollen in einigen Propaganda-Militärfilmen. Doch erst nach dem Krieg erhielt Donald auch im Film größere Rollen, so als Theo van Gogh in Vincente Minnellis Filmobiografie Vincent van Gogh – Ein Leben in Leidenschaft (1954) mit Kirk Douglas. Donalds wohl bekannteste Filmrolle war der britische Militärarzt Major Clipton in David Leans Kriegsepos Die Brücke am Kwai (1957), wobei er den berühmten Schlusssatz des Filmes („Madness! Madness!“) ausrief. Nach Die Brücke am Kwai spielte Donald auch noch in zwei weiteren Filmen, die die Gefangenschaft von Soldaten während des Zweiten Weltkrieges zum Thema hatten: Gesprengte Ketten (1963) und Sie nannten ihn King (1965). In einigen kleineren Filmen übernahm Donald auch Hauptrollen, bekannt von diesen Filmen ist heute vor allem noch der Science-Fiction-Thriller Das grüne Blut der Dämonen. Er spielte auch in vielen britischen Fernsehserien und Fernsehfilmen.
James Donald (* 18. Mai 1917 in Aberdeen, Schottland; † 3. August 1993 in Wiltshire, England) war ein schottischer Schauspieler. James Donald wurde im schottischen Aberdeen geboren und begann seine professionelle Schauspielkarriere etwa Ende der 1930er-Jahre. Den Durchbruch erlebte er 1943 durch seinen hochgelobten Auftritt in Noël Cowards Stück Present Laughter. Außerdem spielte er auch in Stücken von William Shakespeare, George Bernhard Shaw und Jean Cocteau.
Obwohl seine Karriere vor allem dem Theater gewidmet war, erreichte Donald auch Bekanntheit als Schauspieler in Film und Fernsehen, wobei er meistens etwas humorlose, aber meist anständige Respektspersonen in Nebenrollen verkörperte. Bereits während des Zweiten Weltkriegs hatte er kleinere Rollen in einigen Propaganda-Militärfilmen. Doch erst nach dem Krieg erhielt Donald auch im Film größere Rollen, so als Theo van Gogh in Vincente Minnellis Filmobiografie Vincent van Gogh – Ein Leben in Leidenschaft (1954) mit Kirk Douglas. Donalds wohl bekannteste Filmrolle war der britische Militärarzt Major Clipton in David Leans Kriegsepos Die Brücke am Kwai (1957), wobei er den berühmten Schlusssatz des Filmes („Madness! Madness!“) ausrief. Nach Die Brücke am Kwai spielte Donald auch noch in zwei weiteren Filmen, die die Gefangenschaft von Soldaten während des Zweiten Weltkrieges zum Thema hatten: Gesprengte Ketten (1963) und Sie nannten ihn King (1965). In einigen kleineren Filmen übernahm Donald auch Hauptrollen, bekannt von diesen Filmen ist heute vor allem noch der Science-Fiction-Thriller Das grüne Blut der Dämonen. Er spielte auch in vielen britischen Fernsehserien und Fernsehfilmen.
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James VI and I (James Charles Stuart; 19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625) was the King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567 and the King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 March 1603 until his death in 1625. Although he long tried to get both...
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Monarchy of Britain Wiki
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https://monarchy-of-britain.fandom.com/wiki/James_VI_and_I
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King of Scotland (1566–1625), King of England and Ireland (1603–1625)Template:SHORTDESC:King of Scotland (1566–1625), King of England and Ireland (1603–1625)
James VI and I (James Charles Stuart; 19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625) was the King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567 and the King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 March 1603 until his death in 1625. Although he long tried to get both countries to adopt a closer political union, the kingdoms of Scotland and England remained sovereign states, with their own parliaments, judiciaries, and laws, ruled by James in personal union. He was the longest-reigning monarch of the Kingdom of Scotland.
James was the son of Mary, Queen of Scots, and a great-great-grandson of Henry VII, King of England and Lord of Ireland, and thus a potential successor to all three thrones. He acceded to the Scottish throne at the age of thirteen months, after his mother was forced to abdicate in his favour. Four regents governed during his minority, which ended officially in 1578, though he did not gain full control of his government until 1583. In 1589, he married Anne of Denmark. Three of their children survived to adulthood: Henry Frederick, Elizabeth, and Charles. In 1603, James succeeded his cousin Elizabeth I, the last Tudor monarch of England and Ireland, who died childless. He continued to reign in all three kingdoms for 22 years, a period known as the Jacobean era, until his death in 1625. After the Union of the Crowns, he based himself in England (the largest of the three realms) from 1603, returning to Scotland only once, in 1617, and styled himself "King of Great Britain and Ireland". He was an advocate of a single parliament for England and Scotland. In his reign, the Plantation of Ulster and English colonisation of the Americas began.
At 57 years and 246 days, James's reign in Scotland was the longest of any Scottish monarch. He achieved most of his aims in Scotland but faced great difficulties in England, including the Gunpowder Plot in 1605 and conflicts with the English Parliament. Under James, the "Golden Age" of Elizabethan literature and drama continued, with writers such as William Shakespeare, John Donne, Ben Jonson, and Francis Bacon contributing to a flourishing literary culture. James was a prolific writer, authoring works such as Daemonologie (1597), The True Law of Free Monarchies (1598), and Basilikon Doron (1599).[2] He sponsored the translation of the Bible into English (later named after him, the Authorized King James Version), and the 1604 revision of the Book of Common Prayer.[3][4] Anthony Weldon claimed that James had been termed "the wisest fool in Christendom", an epithet associated with his character ever since.[5] Since the latter half of the 20th century, historians have tended to revise James's reputation and treat him as a serious and thoughtful monarch.[6] He was strongly committed to a peace policy, and tried to avoid involvement in religious wars, especially the Thirty Years' War that devastated much of Central Europe. He tried but failed to prevent the rise of hawkish elements in the English Parliament who wanted war with Spain.[7] He was succeeded by his second son, Charles I.
Childhood
Birth
James was the only son of Mary, Queen of Scots, and her second husband, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley. Mary and Darnley were great-grandchildren of Henry VII of England through Margaret Tudor, the older sister of Henry VIII. Mary's rule over Scotland was insecure, and she and her husband, being Roman Catholics, faced a rebellion by Protestant noblemen. During Mary's and Darnley's difficult marriage,[8] Darnley secretly allied himself with the rebels and conspired in the murder of the queen's private secretary, David Rizzio, just three months before James's birth.[9]
James was born on 19 June 1566 at Edinburgh Castle, and as the eldest son and heir apparent of the monarch automatically became Duke of Rothesay and Prince and Great Steward of Scotland. Five days later, an English diplomat Henry Killigrew saw the queen, who had not fully recovered and could only speak faintly. The baby was "sucking at his nurse" and was "well proportioned and like to prove a goodly prince".[10] He was baptised "Charles James" or "James Charles" on 17 December 1566 in a Catholic ceremony held at Stirling Castle. His godparents were Charles IX of France (represented by John, Count of Brienne), Elizabeth I of England (represented by the Francis Russell, Earl of Bedford), and Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy (represented by ambassador Philibert du Croc).[lower-alpha 1] Mary refused to let the Archbishop of St Andrews, whom she referred to as "a pocky priest", spit in the child's mouth, as was then the custom. The subsequent entertainment, devised by Frenchman Bastian Pagez, featured men dressed as satyrs and sporting tails, to which the English guests took offence, thinking the satyrs "done against them".
Lord Darnley was murdered on 10 February 1567 at Kirk o' Field, Edinburgh, perhaps in revenge for the killing of Rizzio. James inherited his father's titles of Duke of Albany and Earl of Ross. Mary was already unpopular, and her marriage on 15 May 1567 to James Hepburn, Earl of Bothwell, who was widely suspected of murdering Darnley, heightened widespread bad feeling towards her.[lower-alpha 2] In June 1567, Protestant rebels arrested Mary and imprisoned her in Lochleven Castle; she never saw her son again. She was forced to abdicate on 24 July 1567 in favour of the infant James and to appoint her illegitimate half-brother James Stewart, Earl of Moray, as regent.[16] This made James the third consecutive Scottish monarch to ascend to the throne as an infant.
Regencies
The care of James was entrusted to the Earl and Countess of Mar, "to be conserved, nursed, and upbrought"[17] in the security of Stirling Castle.[18] James was anointed King of Scotland at the age of thirteen months at the Church of the Holy Rude in Stirling, by Adam Bothwell, Bishop of Orkney, on 29 July 1567. The sermon at the coronation was preached by John Knox. In accordance with the religious beliefs of most of the Scottish ruling class, James was brought up as a member of the Protestant Church of Scotland, the Kirk. The Privy Council selected George Buchanan, Peter Young, Adam Erskine (lay abbot of Cambuskenneth), and David Erskine (lay abbot of Dryburgh) as James's preceptors or tutors. As the young king's senior tutor, Buchanan subjected James to regular beatings but also instilled in him a lifelong passion for literature and learning. Buchanan sought to turn James into a God-fearing, Protestant king who accepted the limitations of monarchy, as outlined in his treatise De Jure Regni apud Scotos.
In 1568, Mary escaped from Lochleven Castle, leading to several years of sporadic violence. The Earl of Moray defeated Mary's troops at the Battle of Langside, forcing her to flee to England, where she was subsequently kept in confinement by Elizabeth. On 23 January 1570, Moray was assassinated by James Hamilton of Bothwellhaugh.[23] The next regent was James's paternal grandfather, Matthew Stewart, Earl of Lennox, who was carried fatally wounded into Stirling Castle a year later after a raid by Mary's supporters. His successor, the Earl of Mar, "took a vehement sickness" and died on 28 October 1572 at Stirling. Mar's illness, wrote James Melville, followed a banquet at Dalkeith Palace given by James Douglas, Earl of Morton.
Morton was elected to Mar's office and proved in many ways the most effective of James's regents,[26] but he made enemies by his rapacity. He fell from favour when Frenchman Esmé Stewart, Sieur d'Aubigny, first cousin of James's father Lord Darnley and future Earl of Lennox, arrived in Scotland and quickly established himself as the first of James's powerful favourites.[28] James was proclaimed an adult ruler in a ceremony of Entry to Edinburgh on 19 October 1579.[29] Morton was executed on 2 June 1581, belatedly charged with complicity in Darnley's murder.[30] On 8 August, James made Lennox the only duke in Scotland. The king, then fifteen years old, remained under the influence of Lennox for about one more year.[32]
Rule in Scotland
Lennox was a Protestant convert, but he was distrusted by Scottish Calvinists who noticed the physical displays of affection between him and the king and alleged that Lennox "went about to draw the King to carnal lust". In August 1582, in what became known as the Ruthven Raid, the Protestant earls William Ruthven, Earl of Gowrie and Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus lured James into Ruthven Castle, imprisoned him,[lower-alpha 3] and forced Lennox to leave Scotland. On 19 September 1582, during James's imprisonment, John Craig, whom the king had personally appointed royal chaplain in 1579, rebuked him so sharply from the pulpit for having issued a proclamation so offensive to the clergy "that the king wept".
After James escaped from Falkland on 27 June 1583,[35] he assumed increasing control of his kingdom. He pushed through the Black Acts to assert royal authority over the Kirk, and denounced the writings of his former tutor Buchanan.[36] Between 1584 and 1603, he established effective royal government and relative peace among the lords, ably assisted by John Maitland of Thirlestane, who led the government until 1592. An eight-man commission known as the Octavians brought some control over the ruinous state of James's finances in 1596, but it drew opposition from vested interests. It was disbanded within a year after a riot in Edinburgh, which was stoked by anti-Catholicism and led the court to withdraw to Linlithgow temporarily.[38]
One last Scottish attempt against the king's person occurred in August 1600, when James was apparently assaulted by Alexander Ruthven, the younger brother of John Ruthven, Earl of Gowrie at Gowrie House, the seat of the Ruthvens.[39] Ruthven was run through by James's page John Ramsay, and the Earl of Gowrie was killed in the ensuing fracas; there were few surviving witnesses. Given James's history with the Ruthvens and the fact that he owed them a great deal of money, his account of the circumstances was not universally believed.[40]
In 1586, James signed the Treaty of Berwick with England. That and his mother's execution in 1587, which he denounced as a "preposterous and strange procedure", helped clear the way for his succession south of the border.[lower-alpha 4] Queen Elizabeth was unmarried and childless, and James was her most likely successor. Securing the English succession became a cornerstone of his policy.[42] During the Spanish Armada crisis of 1588, he assured Elizabeth of his support as "your natural son and compatriot of your country". Elizabeth sent James an annual subsidy from 1586 which gave her some leverage over affairs in Scotland.[44]
Marriage
Throughout his youth, James was praised for his chastity, since he showed little interest in women. After the loss of Lennox, he continued to prefer male company. A suitable marriage, however, was necessary to reinforce his rule, and the choice fell on fourteen-year-old Anne of Denmark, younger daughter of the Protestant Danish king Frederick II. Shortly after a proxy marriage in Copenhagen in August 1589, Anne sailed for Scotland but was forced by storms to the coast of Norway. On hearing that the crossing had been abandoned, James sailed from Leith with a 300-strong retinue to fetch Anne personally in what historian David Harris Willson called "the one romantic episode of his life".[lower-alpha 5] The couple were married formally at the Bishop's Palace in Oslo on 23 November. James received a dowry of 75,000 Danish dalers and a gift of 10,000 dalers from his mother-in-law, Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow.[48] After stays at Elsinore and Copenhagen and a meeting with Tycho Brahe, James and Anne returned to Scotland on 1 May 1590.[49] By all accounts, James was at first infatuated with Anne and, in the early years of their marriage, seems always to have shown her patience and affection. The royal couple produced three children who survived to adulthood: Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, who died of typhoid fever in 1612, aged 18; Elizabeth, later queen of Bohemia; and Charles, James's successor.
Anne suffered from recurrent bouts of sickness and was seriously ill from 1617. James visited Anne only three times during her last illness. She died before her husband, in March 1619.
Witch hunts
James's visit to Denmark, a country familiar with witch-hunts, sparked an interest in the study of witchcraft, which he considered a branch of theology. He attended the North Berwick witch trials, the first major persecution of witches in Scotland under the Witchcraft Act 1563. Several people were convicted of using witchcraft to send storms against James's ship, most notably Agnes Sampson.[54]
James became concerned with the threat posed by witches and wrote Daemonologie in 1597, a tract inspired by his personal involvement that opposed the practice of witchcraft and that provided background material for Shakespeare's Macbeth. James personally supervised the torture of women accused of being witches. After 1599, his views became more sceptical.[57] In a later letter written in England to his son Henry, James congratulates the prince on "the discovery of yon little counterfeit wench. I pray God ye may be my heir in such discoveries ... most miracles now-a-days prove but illusions, and ye may see by this how wary judges should be in trusting accusations".[58]
Highlands and Islands
The forcible dissolution of the Lordship of the Isles by James IV of Scotland in 1493 had led to troubled times for the western seaboard. James IV had subdued the organised military might of the Hebrides, but he and his immediate successors lacked the will or ability to provide an alternative form of governance. As a result, the 16th century became known as linn nan creach, the time of raids. Furthermore, the effects of the Reformation were slow to affect the Gàidhealtachd, driving a religious wedge between this area and centres of political control in the Central Belt.
In 1540, James V had toured the Hebrides, forcing the clan chiefs to accompany him. There followed a period of peace, but the clans were soon at loggerheads with one another again. During James VI's reign, the citizens of the Hebrides were portrayed as lawless barbarians rather than being the cradle of Scottish Christianity and nationhood. Official documents describe the peoples of the Highlands as "void of the knawledge and feir of God" who were prone to "all kynd of barbarous and bestile cruelteis". The Gaelic language, spoken fluently by James IV and probably by James V, became known in the time of James VI as "Erse" or Irish, implying that it was foreign in nature. Parliament decided that Gaelic had become a principal cause of the Highlanders' shortcomings and sought to abolish it.[63]
It was against this background that James VI authorised the "Gentleman Adventurers of Fife" to civilise the "most barbarous Isle of Lewis" in 1598. James wrote that the colonists were to act "not by agreement" with the local inhabitants, but "by extirpation of thame". Their landing at Stornoway began well, but the colonists were driven out by local forces commanded by Murdoch and Neil MacLeod. The colonists tried again in 1605 with the same result, although a third attempt in 1607 was more successful.[64] The Statutes of Iona were enacted in 1609, which required clan chiefs to provide support for Protestant ministers to Highland parishes; to outlaw bards; to report regularly to Edinburgh to answer for their actions; and to send their heirs to Lowland Scotland, to be educated in English-speaking Protestant schools. So began a process "specifically aimed at the extirpation of the Gaelic language, the destruction of its traditional culture and the suppression of its bearers."
In the Northern Isles, James's cousin Patrick Stewart, Earl of Orkney, resisted the Statutes of Iona and was consequently imprisoned.[67] His natural son Robert led an unsuccessful rebellion against James, and the Earl and his son were hanged. Their estates were forfeited, and the Orkney and Shetland islands were annexed to the Crown.
Theory of monarchy
In 1597–98, James wrote The True Law of Free Monarchies and Basilikon Doron (Royal Gift), in which he argues a theological basis for monarchy. In the True Law, he sets out the divine right of kings, explaining that kings are higher beings than other men for Biblical reasons, though "the highest bench is the sliddriest to sit upon".[69] The document proposes an absolutist theory of monarchy, by which a king may impose new laws by royal prerogative but must also pay heed to tradition and to God, who would "stirre up such scourges as pleaseth him, for punishment of wicked kings".
Basilikon Doron was written as a book of instruction for the four-year-old Prince Henry and provides a more practical guide to kingship. The work is considered to be well written and perhaps the best example of James's prose.[72] James's advice concerning parliaments, which he understood as merely the king's "head court", foreshadows his difficulties with the English House of Commons: "Hold no Parliaments," he tells Henry, "but for the necesitie of new Lawes, which would be but seldome". In the True Law, James maintains that the king owns his realm as a feudal lord owns his fief, because kings arose "before any estates or ranks of men, before any parliaments were holden, or laws made, and by them was the land distributed, which at first was wholly theirs. And so it follows of necessity that kings were the authors and makers of the laws, and not the laws of the kings."[74]
Literary patronage
In the 1580s and 1590s, James promoted the literature of his native country. He published his treatise Some Rules and Cautions to be Observed and Eschewed in Scottish Prosody in 1584 at the age of 18. It was both a poetic manual and a description of the poetic tradition in his mother tongue of Scots, applying Renaissance principles. He also made statutory provision to reform and promote the teaching of music, seeing the two in connection. One act of his reign urges the Scottish burghs to reform and support the teaching of music in Sang Sculis.[76]
In furtherance of these aims, James was both patron and head of a loose circle of Scottish Jacobean court poets and musicians known as the Castalian Band, which included William Fowler and Alexander Montgomerie among others, Montgomerie being a favourite of the king.[77] James was himself a poet, and was happy to be seen as a practising member of the group.
By the late 1590s, James's championing of native Scottish tradition was reduced to some extent by the increasing likelihood of his succession to the English throne. William Alexander and other courtier poets started to anglicise their written language, and followed the king to London after 1603.[80] James's role as active literary participant and patron made him a defining figure in many respects for English Renaissance poetry and drama, which reached a pinnacle of achievement in his reign,[81] but his patronage of the high style in the Scottish tradition, which included his ancestor James I of Scotland, became largely sidelined.
Accession in England
Main article: Union of the Crowns
From 1601, in the last years of Elizabeth's life, certain English politicians—notably her chief minister Robert Cecil[lower-alpha 6]—maintained a secret correspondence with James to prepare in advance for a smooth succession.[84] With the queen clearly dying, Cecil sent James a draft proclamation of his accession to the English throne in March 1603. Elizabeth died in the early hours of 24 March, and James was proclaimed king in London later the same day.
On 5 April, James left Edinburgh for London, promising to return every three years (a promise that he did not keep), and progressed slowly southwards. Local lords received him with lavish hospitality along the route and James was amazed by the wealth of his new land and subjects, claiming that he was "swapping a stony couch for a deep feather bed". James arrived in the capital on 7 May, nine days after Elizabeth's funeral.[87] His new subjects flocked to see him, relieved that the succession had triggered neither unrest nor invasion. On arrival at London, he was mobbed by a crowd of spectators.
James's English coronation took place on 25 July at Westminster Abbey. An outbreak of plague restricted festivities. The Royal Entry to London with elaborate allegories provided by dramatic poets such as Thomas Dekker and Ben Jonson was deferred to 15 March 1604.[90] Dekker wrote that "the streets seemed to be paved with men; stalls instead of rich wares were set out with children; open casements filled up with women".
The kingdom to which James succeeded, however, had its problems. Monopolies and taxation had engendered a widespread sense of grievance, and the costs of war in Ireland had become a heavy burden on the government, which had debts of £400,000.
Early reign in England
Main article: Jacobean era
James survived two conspiracies in the first year of his reign, despite the smoothness of the succession and the warmth of his welcome: the Bye Plot and Main Plot, which led to the arrest of Henry Brooke, Lord Cobham and Walter Raleigh, among others. Those hoping for a change in government from James were disappointed at first when he kept Elizabeth's Privy Councillors in office, as secretly planned with Cecil, but James soon added long-time supporter Henry Howard and his nephew Thomas Howard to the Privy Council, as well as five Scottish nobles.[lower-alpha 7]
In the early years of James's reign, the day-to-day running of the government was tightly managed by the shrewd Cecil, later Earl of Salisbury, ably assisted by the experienced Thomas Egerton, whom James made Baron Ellesmere and Lord Chancellor, and by Thomas Sackville, soon Earl of Dorset, who continued as Lord Treasurer. As a consequence, James was free to concentrate on bigger issues, such as a scheme for a closer union between England and Scotland and matters of foreign policy, as well as to enjoy his leisure pursuits, particularly hunting.
James was ambitious to build on the personal union of Scotland and England to establish a single country under one monarch, one parliament, and one law, a plan that met opposition in both realms. "Hath He not made us all in one island," James told the English Parliament, "compassed with one sea and of itself by nature indivisible?" In April 1604, however, the Commons refused his request to be titled "King of Great Britain" on legal grounds.[lower-alpha 8] In October 1604, he assumed the title "King of Great Britain" instead of "King of England" and "King of Scotland", though Francis Bacon told him that he could not use the style in "any legal proceeding, instrument or assurance" and the title was not used on English statutes. James forced the Scottish Parliament to use it, and it was used on proclamations, coinage, letters, and treaties in both realms.[100]
James achieved more success in foreign policy. Never having been at war with Spain, he devoted his efforts to bringing the long Anglo–Spanish War to an end, and a peace treaty was signed between the two countries in August 1604, thanks to the skilled diplomacy of the delegation, in particular Robert Cecil and Henry Howard, now Earl of Northampton. James celebrated the treaty by hosting a great banquet. Freedom of worship for Catholics in England, however, continued to be a major objective of Spanish policy, causing constant dilemmas for James, distrusted abroad for repression of Catholics while at home being encouraged by the Privy Council to show even less tolerance towards them.
Gunpowder Plot
Main article: Gunpowder Plot
A dissident Catholic, Guy Fawkes, was discovered in the cellars of the parliament buildings on the night of 4–5 November 1605, the eve of the state opening of the second session of James's first English Parliament. Fawkes was guarding a pile of wood not far from 36 barrels of gunpowder with which he intended to blow up Parliament House the following day and cause the destruction, as James put it, "not only ... of my person, nor of my wife and posterity also, but of the whole body of the State in general". The sensational discovery of the "Gunpowder Plot," as it quickly became known, aroused a mood of national relief at the delivery of the king and his sons. The Earl of Salisbury exploited this to extract higher subsidies from the ensuing Parliament than any but one granted to Elizabeth. Fawkes and others implicated in the unsuccessful conspiracy were executed.[105]
King and Parliament
Main article: James I of England and the English Parliament
The co-operation between monarch and Parliament following the Gunpowder Plot was atypical. Instead, it was the previous session of 1604 that shaped the attitudes of both sides for the rest of the reign, though the initial difficulties owed more to mutual incomprehension than conscious enmity. On 7 July 1604, James had angrily prorogued Parliament after failing to win its support either for full union or financial subsidies. "I will not thank where I feel no thanks due", he had remarked in his closing speech. "... I am not of such a stock as to praise fools ... You see how many things you did not well ... I wish you would make use of your liberty with more modesty in time to come".[107]
As James's reign progressed, his government faced growing financial pressures, partly due to creeping inflation but also to the profligacy and financial incompetence of James's court. In February 1610, Salisbury proposed a scheme, known as the Great Contract, whereby Parliament, in return for ten royal concessions, would grant a lump sum of £600,000 to pay off the king's debts plus an annual grant of £200,000. The ensuing prickly negotiations became so protracted that James eventually lost patience and dismissed Parliament on 31 December 1610. "Your greatest error", he told Salisbury, "hath been that ye ever expected to draw honey out of gall".[109] The same pattern was repeated with the so-called "Addled Parliament" of 1614, which James dissolved after a mere nine weeks when the Commons hesitated to grant him the money he required.[110] James then ruled without parliament until 1621, employing officials such as the merchant Lionel Cranfield, who were astute at raising and saving money for the crown, and sold baronetcies and other dignities, many created for the purpose, as an alternative source of income.
Spanish match
Main article: Spanish match
Another potential source of income was the prospect of a Spanish dowry from a marriage between Charles, Prince of Wales, and Infanta Maria Anna of Spain. The policy of the Spanish match, as it was called, was also attractive to James as a way to maintain peace with Spain and avoid the additional costs of a war. Peace could be maintained as effectively by keeping the negotiations alive as by consummating the match—which may explain why James protracted the negotiations for almost a decade.[114]
The policy was supported by the Howards and other Catholic-leaning ministers and diplomats—together known as the Spanish Party—but deeply distrusted in Protestant England. When Walter Raleigh was released from imprisonment in 1616, he embarked on a hunt for gold in South America with strict instructions from James not to engage the Spanish. Raleigh's expedition was a disastrous failure, and his son Walter was killed fighting the Spanish.[116] On Raleigh's return to England, James had him executed to the indignation of the public, who opposed the appeasement of Spain. James's policy was further jeopardised by the outbreak of the Thirty Years' War, especially after his Protestant son-in-law, Frederick V, Elector Palatine, was ousted from Bohemia by the Catholic Emperor Ferdinand II in 1620, and Spanish troops simultaneously invaded Frederick's Rhineland home territory. Matters came to a head when James finally called a Parliament in 1621 to fund a military expedition in support of his son-in-law. The Commons on the one hand granted subsidies inadequate to finance serious military operations in aid of Frederick,[119] and on the other—remembering the profits gained under Elizabeth by naval attacks on Spanish gold shipments—called for a war directly against Spain. In November 1621, roused by Edward Coke, they framed a petition asking not only for war with Spain but also for Prince Charles to marry a Protestant, and for enforcement of the anti-Catholic laws. James flatly told them not to interfere in matters of royal prerogative or they would risk punishment, which provoked them into issuing a statement protesting their rights, including freedom of speech.[122] Urged on by George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham, and the Spanish ambassador Diego Sarmiento de Acuña, Count of Gondomar, James ripped the protest out of the record book and dissolved Parliament.
In early 1623, Prince Charles, now 22, and Buckingham decided to seize the initiative and travel to Spain incognito, to win Infanta Maria Anna directly, but the mission proved an ineffectual mistake.[124] Maria Anna detested Charles, and the Spanish confronted them with terms that included the repeal of anti-Catholic legislation by Parliament. Though a treaty was signed, Charles and Buckingham returned to England in October without the infanta and immediately renounced the treaty, much to the delight of the British people.[125] Disillusioned by the visit to Spain, Charles and Buckingham now turned James's Spanish policy upon its head and called for a French match and a war against the Habsburg empire. To raise the necessary finance, they prevailed upon James to call another Parliament, which met in February 1624. For once, the outpouring of anti-Catholic sentiment in the Commons was echoed in court, where control of policy was shifting from James to Charles and Buckingham,[127] who pressured the king to declare war and engineered the impeachment of Lord Treasurer Lionel Cranfield, by now made Earl of Middlesex, when he opposed the plan on grounds of cost.[128] The outcome of the Parliament of 1624 was ambiguous: James still refused to declare or fund a war, but Charles believed the Commons had committed themselves to finance a war against Spain, a stance that was to contribute to his problems with Parliament in his own reign.[129]
King and Church
Main article: James VI and I and religious issues
After the Gunpowder Plot, James sanctioned harsh measures to control English Catholics. In May 1606, Parliament passed the Popish Recusants Act, which could require any subject to take an Oath of Allegiance denying the pope's authority over the king. James was conciliatory towards Catholics who took the Oath of Allegiance, and tolerated crypto-Catholicism even at court.[lower-alpha 9] Henry Howard, for example, was a crypto-Catholic, received back into the Catholic Church in his final months. On ascending the English throne, James suspected that he might need the support of Catholics in England, so he assured Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland, a prominent sympathiser of the old religion, that he would not persecute "any that will be quiet and give but an outward obedience to the law".[133]
In the Millenary Petition of 1603, the Puritan clergy demanded the abolition of confirmation, wedding rings, and the term "priest", among other things, and that the wearing of cap and surplice become optional. James was strict in enforcing conformity at first, inducing a sense of persecution amongst many Puritans;[135] but ejections and suspensions from livings became rarer as the reign continued. As a result of the Hampton Court Conference of 1604, some Puritan demands were acceded to in the 1604 Book of Common Prayer, though many remained displeased.[4][137] The conference also commissioned a new translation and compilation of approved books of the Bible to resolve discrepancies among different translations then being used. The King James Version, as it came to be known, was completed in 1611 and is considered a masterpiece of Jacobean prose. It is still in widespread use.
In Scotland, James attempted to bring the Scottish Kirk "so neir as can be" to the English church and to reestablish episcopacy, a policy that met with strong opposition from presbyterians.[lower-alpha 10] James returned to Scotland in 1617 for the only time after his accession in England, in the hope of implementing Anglican ritual. James's bishops forced his Five Articles of Perth through a General Assembly the following year, but the rulings were widely resisted.[141] James left the church in Scotland divided at his death, a source of future problems for his son.[lower-alpha 11]
Personal relationships
Main article: Personal relationships of James VI and I
Throughout his life James had close relationships with male courtiers, which has caused debate among historians about their exact nature.[143] In Scotland Anne Murray was known as the king's mistress.[144] After his accession in England, his peaceful and scholarly attitude contrasted strikingly with the bellicose and flirtatious behaviour of Elizabeth,[143] as indicated by the contemporary epigram Rex fuit Elizabeth, nunc est regina Iacobus (Elizabeth was King, now James is Queen).[145]
Some of James's biographers conclude that Esmé Stewart, Duke of Lennox; Robert Carr, Earl of Somerset; and George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham, were his lovers.[146] John Oglander observed that he "never yet saw any fond husband make so much or so great dalliance over his beautiful spouse as I have seen King James over his favourites, especially the Duke of Buckingham"[147] whom the king would, recalled Edward Peyton, "tumble and kiss as a mistress".[148] Restoration of Apethorpe Palace, Northamptonshire, undertaken in 2004–08 revealed a previously unknown passage linking the bedchambers of James and Villiers.[149]
Some biographers of James argue that the relationships were not sexual.[150] James's Basilikon Doron lists sodomy among crimes "ye are bound in conscience never to forgive", and James's wife Anne gave birth to seven live children, as well as suffering two stillbirths and at least three other miscarriages.[151] Contemporary Huguenot poet Théophile de Viau observed that "it is well known that the king of England / fucks the Duke of Buckingham".[152][lower-alpha 12] Buckingham himself provides evidence that he slept in the same bed as the king, writing to James many years later that he had pondered "whether you loved me now ... better than at the time which I shall never forget at Farnham, where the bed's head could not be found between the master and his dog". Buckingham's words may be interpreted as non-sexual, in the context of 17th-century court life,[155] and remain ambiguous despite their fondness.[156] It is also possible that James was bisexual.[157]
When the Earl of Salisbury died in 1612, he was little mourned by those who jostled to fill the power vacuum.[lower-alpha 13] Until Salisbury's death, the Elizabethan administrative system over which he had presided continued to function with relative efficiency; from this time forward, however, James's government entered a period of decline and disrepute.[159] Salisbury's passing gave James the notion of governing in person as his own chief Minister of State, with his young Scottish favourite Robert Carr carrying out many of Salisbury's former duties, but James's inability to attend closely to official business exposed the government to factionalism.
The Howard party (consisting of Henry Howard, Earl of Northampton; Thomas Howard, Earl of Suffolk; Suffolk's son-in-law William Knollys, Lord Knollys; Charles Howard, Earl of Nottingham; and Thomas Lake) soon took control of much of the government and its patronage. Even the powerful Carr fell into the Howard camp, hardly experienced for the responsibilities thrust upon him and often dependent on his intimate friend Thomas Overbury for assistance with government papers.[161] Carr had an adulterous affair with Frances Howard, Countess of Essex, daughter of the Earl of Suffolk. James assisted Frances by securing an annulment of her marriage to free her to marry Carr, now Earl of Somerset.[lower-alpha 14]
In summer 1615, however, it emerged that Overbury had been poisoned. He had died on 15 September 1613 in the Tower of London, where he had been placed at the king's request.[163][lower-alpha 15] Among those convicted of the murder were the Earl and Countess of Somerset; the Earl had been replaced as the king's favourite in the meantime by Villiers. James pardoned the Countess and commuted the Earl's sentence of death, eventually pardoning him in 1624. The implication of the king in such a scandal provoked much public and literary conjecture and irreparably tarnished James's court with an image of corruption and depravity.[167] The subsequent downfall of the Howards left Villiers unchallenged as the supreme figure in the government by 1619.[168]
Health and death
In his later years, James suffered increasingly from arthritis, gout and kidney stones. He also lost his teeth and drank heavily. The king was often seriously ill during the last year of his life, leaving him an increasingly peripheral figure, rarely able to visit London, while Buckingham consolidated his control of Charles to ensure his own future.[lower-alpha 16] One theory is that James suffered from porphyria, a disease of which his descendant George III exhibited some symptoms. James described his urine to physician Théodore de Mayerne as being the "dark red colour of Alicante wine".[173] The theory is dismissed by some experts, particularly in James's case, because he had kidney stones which can lead to blood in the urine, colouring it red.[174]
In early 1625, James was plagued by severe attacks of arthritis, gout, and fainting fits, and fell seriously ill in March with tertian ague and then suffered a stroke. He died at Theobalds House in Hertfordshire on 27 March during a violent attack of dysentery, with Buckingham at his bedside.[lower-alpha 17] James's funeral on 7 May was a magnificent but disorderly affair.[176] Bishop John Williams of Lincoln preached the sermon, observing, "King Solomon died in Peace, when he had lived about sixty years ... and so you know did King James". The sermon was later printed as Great Britain's Salomon [sic].[177]
James was buried in Westminster Abbey. The position of the tomb was lost for many years until his lead coffin was found in the Henry VII vault, during an excavation in the 19th century.[178]
Legacy
See also: Cultural depictions of James VI and I
James was widely mourned. For all his flaws, he had largely retained the affection of his people, who had enjoyed uninterrupted peace and comparatively low taxation during the Jacobean era. "As he lived in peace", remarked the Earl of Kellie, "so did he die in peace, and I pray God our king [Charles I] may follow him". The Earl prayed in vain: once in power, King Charles I and the Duke of Buckingham sanctioned a series of reckless military expeditions that ended in humiliating failure.[180] James had often neglected the business of government for leisure pastimes, such as the hunt; his later dependence on favourites at a scandal-ridden court undermined the respected image of monarchy so carefully constructed by Elizabeth I.
Under James, the Plantation of Ulster by English and Scots Protestants began, and the English colonisation of North America started its course with the foundation of Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607 and Cuper's Cove, Newfoundland, in 1610. During the next 150 years, England would fight with Spain, the Netherlands, and France for control of the continent, while religious division in Ireland between Protestants and Catholics has lasted for 400 years. By actively pursuing more than just a personal union of his realms, James helped lay the foundations for a unitary British state.
According to a tradition originating with anti-Stuart historians of the mid-17th-century, James's taste for political absolutism, his financial irresponsibility, and his cultivation of unpopular favourites established the foundations of the English Civil War. James bequeathed his son Charles a fatal belief in the divine right of kings, combined with a disdain for Parliament, which culminated in the execution of Charles I and the abolition of the monarchy. Over the last three hundred years, the king's reputation has suffered from the acid description of him by Anthony Weldon, whom James had sacked and who wrote treatises on James in the 1650s.[184]
Other influential anti-James histories written during the 1650s include: Edward Peyton's Divine Catastrophe of the Kingly Family of the House of Stuarts (1652); Arthur Wilson's History of Great Britain, Being the Life and Reign of King James I (1658); and Francis Osborne's Historical Memoirs of the Reigns of Queen Elizabeth and King James (1658).[185] David Harris Willson's 1956 biography continued much of this hostility. In the words of historian Jenny Wormald, Willson's book was an "astonishing spectacle of a work whose every page proclaimed its author's increasing hatred for his subject". Since Willson, however, the stability of James's government in Scotland and in the early part of his English reign, as well as his relatively enlightened views on religion and war, have earned him a re-evaluation from many historians, who have rescued his reputation from this tradition of criticism.[lower-alpha 18]
Representative of the new historical perspective is the 2003 biography by Pauline Croft. Reviewer John Cramsie summarises her findings:
Croft's overall assessment of James is appropriately mixed. She recognises his good intentions in matters like Anglo-Scottish union, his openness to different points of view, and his agenda of a peaceful foreign policy within his kingdoms' financial means. His actions moderated frictions between his diverse peoples. Yet he also created new ones, particularly by supporting colonisation that polarised the crown's interest groups in Ireland, obtaining insufficient political benefit with his open-handed patronage, an unfortunate lack of attention to the image of monarchy (particularly after the image-obsessed regime of Elizabeth), pursuing a pro-Spanish foreign policy that fired religious prejudice and opened the door for Arminians within the English church, and enforcing unpalatable religious changes on the Scottish Kirk. Many of these criticisms are framed within a longer view of James' reigns, including the legacy—now understood to be more troubled—which he left Charles I.[189]
Titles, styles, honours, and arms
Titles and styles
In Scotland, James was "James the sixth, King of Scotland", until 1604. He was proclaimed "James the first, King of England, France, and Ireland, defender of the faith" in London on 24 March 1603.[190] On 20 October 1604, James issued a proclamation at Westminster changing his style to "King of Great Brittaine, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c."[191] The style was not used on English statutes, but was used on proclamations, coinage, letters, treaties, and in Scotland. James styled himself "King of France", in line with other monarchs of England between 1340 and 1801, although he did not actually rule France.
Arms
As King of Scotland, James bore the ancient royal arms of Scotland: Or, a lion rampant Gules armed and langued Azure within a double tressure flory counter-flory Gules. The arms were supported by two unicorns Argent armed, crined and unguled Proper, gorged with a coronet Or composed of crosses patée and fleurs de lys a chain affixed thereto passing between the forelegs and reflexed over the back also Or. The crest was a lion sejant affrontée Gules, imperially crowned Or, holding in the dexter paw a sword and in the sinister paw a sceptre both erect and Proper.[193]
The Union of the Crowns of England and Scotland under James was symbolised heraldically by combining their arms, supporters and badges. Contention as to how the arms should be marshalled, and to which kingdom should take precedence, was solved by having different arms for each country.[194]
The arms used in England were: Quarterly, I and IV, quarterly 1st and 4th Azure three fleurs de lys Or (for France), 2nd and 3rd Gules three lions passant guardant in pale Or (for England); II Or a lion rampant within a tressure flory-counter-flory Gules (for Scotland); III Azure a harp Or stringed Argent (for Ireland, this was the first time that Ireland was included in the royal arms).[195] The supporters became: dexter a lion rampant guardant Or imperially crowned and sinister the Scottish unicorn. The unicorn replaced the red dragon introduced by the Tudors. The unicorn has remained in the royal arms of the two united realms. The English crest and motto was retained. The compartment often contained a branch of the Tudor rose, with shamrock and thistle engrafted on the same stem. The arms were frequently shown with James's personal motto, Beati pacifici.[194]
The arms used in Scotland were: Quarterly, I and IV Scotland, II England and France, III Ireland, with Scotland taking precedence over England. The supporters were: dexter a unicorn of Scotland imperially crowned, supporting a tilting lance flying a banner Azure a saltire Argent (Cross of Saint Andrew) and sinister the crowned lion of England supporting a similar lance flying a banner Argent a cross Gules (Cross of Saint George). The Scottish crest and motto was retained, following the Scottish practice the motto In defens (which is short for In My Defens God Me Defend) was placed above the crest.[194]
As royal badges James used: the Tudor rose, the thistle (for Scotland; first used by James III of Scotland), the Tudor rose dimidiated with the thistle ensigned with the royal crown, a harp (for Ireland) and a fleur de lys (for France).[195]
Coat of arms used from 1567 to 1603 Coat of arms used from 1603 to 1625 outside Scotland Coat of arms used from 1603 to 1625 in Scotland
Issue
James's queen, Anne of Denmark, gave birth to seven children who survived beyond birth, of whom three reached adulthood:
Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales (19 February 1594 – 6 November 1612). Died, probably of typhoid fever, aged 18.[197]
Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia (19 August 1596 – 13 February 1662). Married 1613 Frederick V, Elector Palatine. Died aged 65.
Margaret (24 December 1598 – March 1600). Died aged 1.
Charles I, King of England, Scotland and Ireland (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649). Married 1625 Henrietta Maria of France. Succeeded James I & VI.
Robert, Duke of Kintyre (18 January 1602 – 27 May 1602). Died aged 4 months.[198]
Mary (8 April 1605 – 16 December 1607). Died aged 2.
Sophia (June 1606). Died within 48 hours of birth.[199]
Family tree
James's relationship to the houses of Stuart and Tudor[200]
House of Stuart James II,
King of ScotsMary of Guelders James III,
King of ScotsMary Stewart Elizabeth Hamilton House of Tudor John StewartHenry VII,
King of England James IV,
King of ScotlandMargaret TudorArchibald DouglasHenry VIII,
King of England James V,
King of ScotlandMatthew StewartMargaret DouglasMary I,
Queen of EnglandElizabeth I,
Queen of EnglandEdward VI,
King of England Mary,
Queen of ScotsHenry Stuart James VI & I,
King of Scotland and England
Ancestry
List of writings
The Essayes of a Prentise in the Divine Art of Poesie (also called Some Reulis and Cautelis), 1584
His Majesties Poeticall Exercises at Vacant Houres, 1591
Lepanto, poem
Daemonologie, 1597
Extra-titular Works from the Collected Demonology, 1616
A Letter To The Whole Church Militant,
The Argument Of This Whole Epistle,
A Paraphrase Upon The Revelation,
The Two Meditations
The True Law of Free Monarchies, 1598
Basilikon Doron, 1599
A Counterblaste to Tobacco, 1604, a strong denunciation of tobacco
An Apologie for the Oath of Allegiance, 1608
A Premonition to All Most Mightie Monarches, 1609
Notes
References
Sources
Further reading
James VI and I at the official website of the British monarchy
James I at the official website of the Royal Collection Trust
James I and VI at BBC History
[https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person.php?LinkID=
{{#property:P1816}}
Portraits of King James I and VI] at the National Portrait Gallery, LondonLua error in Module:EditAtWikidata at line 29: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Works by James VI and I at Project Gutenberg
Works by or about James VI and I at Internet Archive
Works by James VI and I at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
Documents on James I curated by The National Archives (United Kingdom)
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FamilySearch.org
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Discover your family history. Explore the world’s largest collection of free family trees, genealogy records and resources.
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https://www.rcoa.ac.uk/dr-james-donald-robertson
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Dr James Donald Robertson
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Biography of Dr James Donald Robertson
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/themes/custom/rcoa_base/favicon.ico
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The Royal College of Anaesthetists
|
https://www.rcoa.ac.uk/dr-james-donald-robertson
|
Education and qualifications
Professional life and career
Postgraduate career
After qualifying JDR was house physician and surgeon at Edinburgh’s Royal Hospital for Sick Children before serving with the RAMC as a specialist anaesthetist in West Africa, the Middle East and Europe, ending the war as a Major. Demobilised, he was sequentially (1946-52) resident anaesthetist, medical registrar and senior registrar in anaesthetics in the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, before obtaining an MRC research fellowship to work in the University physiology department (1952-4). Appointed a consultant in the Royal in 1955, he became director of the department in succession to Dr John Gillies in 1960, was awarded a personal Chair in 1968, and retired in 1982 as Professor Emeritus.
Professional interests and activities
His early physiological research was on CVS effects of anaesthetics, more specifically the action on baroreceptor function; subsequently he was involved with the major MRC report on the then new agent, halothane. Clinically, he was associated with the pioneer vascular and renal transplant surgeon, Sir Michael Woodruff, and anaesthesia for these procedures became a major interest. At the time that he became head of department, anaesthetists were increasingly involved in managing patients receiving artificial ventilation on general wards, but managing two (or more) patients in different parts of the hospital was stretching resources. Discovering that the small ward for students was empty, JDR ‘annexed’ it, ultimately to create an ICU administered by anaesthetists, an extension in their responsibilities that he guarded zealously. However, his later interest in studying the so-called basal anaesthetic, gamma-OH, puzzles his former trainees still!
Possibly his greatest contribution was to education and training. He set up in-service courses and through much diplomacy arranged that most of the registrar posts in Edinburgh were included in a rotation of three month blocks to ensure comprehensive exposure to all sub-specialty practice. The first-time pass rates of Edinburgh trainees proved the worth of these measures, and he spread the word in lecture tours to many parts of the World. Such activities led inevitably to membership of the Board of Faculty (1961-82) and service as a Fellowship examiner (1963-82). He was Vice-Dean of the Faculty (1969-71) and would almost certainly have been elected Dean if ill-health had not intervened. Many honours came his way, notably FRCSEd ad eundam (1964), Scottish Society presidency (1964-5) & Gillies Lecture (1981), Faculty of Anaesthetists Hewitt Lecture (1969) & Gold Medal (1981), and AAGBI Pask Award (1971). In 1989 the Edinburgh & East of Scotland Society established an annual lecture in his memory.
Other biographical information
War service included landing in Normandy on D-Day plus 10 (in the same Casualty Clearing Station team as his future wife, an RAMC nurse) and entering Belsen concentration camp shortly after its liberation, experiences with a profound effect. He married Evelyn Patricia (Pat) McNaughton in 1945, and they had five sons: Peter (engineer), Iain (prof of architecture), Graeme (particle physicist), Roy (prof of addiction medicine) and Neil (lawyer). They were generous hosts, the annual departmental cocktail party being a tour de force, and he was a formidable competitor on the golf course.
Author and Sources
Author: Prof Roy Robertson (son)
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https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/research/learning/hall-of-fame/hall-of-fame-a-z/donaldson-james
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en
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James Donaldson (1751-1830)
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National Records of Scotland
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Newspaper editor and philanthropist
James Donaldson was the successful editor of the 'Edinburgh Advertiser' which had been founded by his father. He married Jane Gillespie in 1792 and they lived at Princes Street Edinburgh and at Broughton Hall. He left part of his publishing fortune to found a hospital for boys and girls in Edinburgh. The building was designed by William Henry Playfair. It was known as Donaldson's Hospital, later Donaldson's School for the Deaf.
Birth in 1751
James Donaldson was born on 3 December 1751, the son of Alexander Donaldson, bookseller in Edinburgh, and Ann Marshall. The entry in the Old Parish Register (OPR) for Edinburgh is the last on a page dated Tuesday 3 December 1751. It includes the names of two witnesses and of the minister who baptised the child the same day.
Birth and baptism entry for James Donaldson (27 KB jpeg)
National Records of Scotland, OPR 685-1/27, page 175
Death in 1830
James Donaldson died on 19 October 1830 at Broughton Hall. The entry in the Old Parish Register for Edinburgh gives his age at death as 82 years and the place of interment as his own tomb in St John's or City Ground.
Death entry for James Donaldson (12 KB jpeg)
National Records of Scotland, OPR 685-1/100, page 178
Testament of James Donaldson
James Donaldson's inventory, trust disposition, settlement, last will and testament and codicils were registered at Edinburgh Sheriff Court on 20 January 1831 (SC70/1/43, pp 773-793).
It includes his plan to build and fund a hospital for boys and girls in Edinburgh to be called Donaldson's Hospital with preference to those of the name Donaldson or Marshall.
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https://www.glasgowtimes.co.uk/news/18982061.james-donald/
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en
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James Donald
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2021-01-02T00:51:15+00:00
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DONALD - James In loving memory of my brother, James, died 1st January 1976. Forever in my heart and thoughts James, till we meet again. - John and…
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/resources/images/17396483/
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Glasgow Times
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https://www.glasgowtimes.co.uk/news/18982061.james-donald/
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https://www.rulon.com/pages/books/18404/andrew-henderson/scottish-proverbs-new-edition-with-explanatory-notes-and-a-glossary-by-james-donald
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en
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Scottish proverbs … New edition with explanatory notes and a glossary by James Donald
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Glasgow: Thomas D. Morison, 1881. Sm. 8vo, pp. 10 , 204; orig. blue cloth, gilt-lettered spine; some rubbing; good and sound. Item #18404
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Rulon-Miller Books
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https://www.rulon.com/pages/books/18404/andrew-henderson/scottish-proverbs-new-edition-with-explanatory-notes-and-a-glossary-by-james-donald
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Glasgow: Thomas D. Morison, 1881. Sm. 8vo, pp. [10], 204; orig. blue cloth, gilt-lettered spine; some rubbing; good and sound. Item #18404
Price: $45.00
See all items by Andrew Henderson
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https://www.myheritage.com/names/james_donald
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https://memorials.boylebrothers.com/james-donald-sutton/4092921/
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en
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James Donald Sutton Obituary - Framingham, MA
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Thank you for visiting our website. We invite you to browse, and submit a question or comment if you wish. We are dedicated to providing information and services in a professional, caring and personalized manner, and strive to make our families and visitors feel comfortable while paying respects to their loved ones.
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https://memorials.boylebrothers.com/james-donald-sutton/4092921/
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https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Donald-790
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James Donald (abt.1762-1832)
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"James Donald genealogy"
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2021-08-08T00:00:00
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Is this your ancestor? Compare DNA and explore genealogy for James Donald born abt. 1762 died 1832 St Andrews, Morayshire including father + descendants + 2 photos + DNA connections + more in the free family tree community.
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https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Donald-790
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[sibling(s) unknown]
Descendants
Profile last modified 8 Aug 2021 | Created 29 Mar 2017
This page has been accessed 435 times.
Biography
I estimated James Donald was born before 1762 . Per his college records, his father's name was James Donald from Cluny - See Note 6. He attended Marischal College from 1778 to 1782 and graduated with a Master of Arts degree. While attending the college he received Garden's bursary (scholarship) for all the years he was there plus for the last two years, the Gray's bursary. See Source 2 below.
James Donald applied for the post of School Master in January 1790, having been recommended to the Board of Governors by Rev. Sherriffs. He was already employed at Robert Gordon’s Hospital as an assistant to Mr Duncan the Writing Master. James Donald’s application was preferred over that of another applicant and the 25 January 1790 was set for his interview and trial before the Governors. He was examined in English Language, Arithmetic, Writing and other branches of education and found to be suitably qualified. He was duly appointed to the post and, after taking the oath, was introduced that same day to the pupils as their Master. See source section - Gordon's Hospital Governors Minutes below.' I am not sure what James did between the time he graduated from college in 1782 and became a Schoolmaster at Robert Gordon's Hospital in 1790 but perhaps was Schoolmaster at another location. Am still pursuing this as a possibility. However, with the notation about being employed as an assistant to Mr Duncan, then perhaps that was his employment once he graduated in 1782 until he sent in his application in 1790, certainly possible I guess.
His salary, while a Schoolmaster at Gordon's, was 26 pounds 5 Shillings for the period 01 Nov 1793 until 01 Nov 1794.
James, a Schoolmaster in Aberdeen, married Charlotte McKinzie 12 Jul 1806 in Aberdeen[1]. On 17 July 1806, 5 days after he married, he submitted to the Treasurer of the Hospital the following letter: I hereby intimate to you as Treasurer of Robert Gordon’s Hospital that I am soon to quit my situation as one of the School Masters of said Hospital. I cannot, however, do this without expressing my gratitude to the Governors and Treasurer for their uniform kindness and indulgence to me during the long period that I have held that office. I am, Sir, Yours with respect, Signed James Donald'
I am suspecting James resigned from Robert Gordon's Hospital because of perhaps already being offered the position of Schoolmaster at the Parochrial School at St. Andrews in Morayshire. Purely speculation but surely he would not quit his position, after having just gotten married and a wife to support without another job prospect.
In the Elgin Presbytery Kirk Session Minutes of 21 Oct 1806, James Donald is mentioned as being the Schoolmaster at St Andrews, Lhandbryde, and a Student of Divinity. He had produced documents as to his regular attendance at the Divinity Hall when he was a student at Marischal College. The minutes also mention James was certified at Kings College 14 Jul 1806 and "his conversation and conduct is suitable as a candidate of the Holy Ministry " per W. L. Brown S.S. F. P. On 02 Dec 1806, again in the Elgin Presbytery Minutes, it was noted James had produced ample testimonials at the previous meeting and he wanted to expedite his trials and be licensed to be a Preacher of the Gospel. The presbytery had examined his knowledge of Greek and Latin languages as well as his proficiency in Theological knowledge and was well satisfied so they are going to recommend him to the Synod.
On 31 Aug 1807 James delivered a lecture on the 21st Psalm at the Elgin Presbytery Session. Also on this date he delivered a Homily. On 27 Jan 1808 James was licensed to preach the Gospel.
You can see the picture of the old St Andrews school where James taught. This picture was taken 18 May 2021 by a dear friend Susan Munro who went there especially for me. Unfortunately the school is in disrepair. Someone has taken all the old wood flooring as well as the wooden panels on the walls. A shame it could have been perhaps restored to it's original beauty and used by the local community as a gathering or small event place.
The picture of the well maintained home is where James and Charlotte lived. This picture was also taken by Susan.
James was proposed for Trials on 21 Oct 1806 and licensed to be a Preacher of the Gospel on 21 Jan 1808. He was the Parochial Schoolmaster at St Andrews-Lhandbryde in Morayshire from 1806 and died there in February 1832 - see Note 8. In 1808, his salary was £1/15/5d and two bolls of bear- See Note 7. He was ordained in 1827. His wife Charlotte is shown as a widow when she wrote her will and she died 23 May 1834.
Notes
1. Charlotte's will mentions an executor named William Donald, a Farmer in Kintore. Perhaps he is a relative of her deceased husband James Donald. Suspect he is James' brother William who is married to Agnes Norval.
2. Charlotte's Inventory mentions "to price of books sold the Reverend James Donald in Kintore"...again, perhaps a relation of deceased husband James.Suspect he is James' nephew, son of William Donald and Agnes Norval.
3. A book, The History of the Province of Moray by Lachlan Shaw, has an entry for St Andrews in Elgin stating James Donald, a Teacher, received "200 merks, 16b. bear from Heritors, and a Mortification of 25 merks. This money came from the Carnegie of Spynie and the Earl of Moray.
4. Kirk Session Minutes for St Andrews-Lhandbryde look up by a SPECIAL person named Bruce who was queried by another SPECIAL person Susan Munro..my relative through marriage. As a side note, I have been searching for James for 12 years and Susan, through her perseverance, tracked down this information. I am pinning a Genealogist virtual medal on her!
5. I suspect (based on some related facts) James was born 1761 in Cluny and probably to James Donald and Agnes Ross but I do not yet have the facts to prove this.
6. The Marischal College records do show this James' father was named James from Cluny.
7. A Boll is a Dry Measure of varying weight depending on the product and locality - anywhere between 2 to 7 bushels. According to the Scottish National Dictionary a boll of oats is about 6 Imperial bushels. According to Scotlands People, a boll of barley, oats or malt is equal to 53 litres. 1 boll equals 4 firlots. And, apparently bear is another name for barley per Wikipedia. So...part of James' salary in 1808 was paid in food, about 106 litres of barley. Wikipedia also states a firlot, a dry measure for grain, is equal to 4 pecks. So..if a boll equals 4 firlots and a firlot equals 4 pecks, James received 16 pecks of barley.
8. In March 1832 there was a severe outbreak of Cholera in Lhanbryde and neighboring areas of the parish so I wonder if that could have possibly extended to James' area and perhaps the cause of James' death a month earlier. Or, it may just be a coincidence. James would have been at least 70 years of age in 1832.
9. I "suspect" William Donald, mentioned in Charlotte's will, is James' brother.
10. I "suspect" James and William's parents are EITHER James Donald and Margaret Reid OR James Donald and Agnes Ross (leaning towards this couple), both from Cluny. Rationale is time frame, father James being from Cluny and having a brother William was just a bonus.
Sources
1. Abt 1762 birth year based on start of college year (1778) minus 16 years.
2. 1778-1782 Marischal College list of graduates from the online site of the University of Aberdeen. Information about his time a Marischal, his bursaries and his salary at St Andrews was provided by Heather Kennedy from the Wolfson Reading Room at the University of Aberdeen. She found lots of great information and was a tremendous source and the catalyst for my contact with Robert Gordon's Hospital.
3. 1790-1806 entries in records researched by by Tom Cumming, Achivist for Gordon's Hospital records. The length of time a schoolmaster and beating out another applicant (Governors Minutes), his yearly salary (Annual Accounts Register from the 1790's), his letter of resignation(from the Governmors Minutes) THANK YOU Tom. He supplied me with so much valuable information - superb job Tom.
4. 1806 marriage record from the parish of Aberdeen obtained from Scotlands People.
5. 1806 marriage information from the Family Search site.
6. 1806 certified at Kings College from the Elgin Presbytery Kirk Session Minutes at Scotlands People.
7. 1806 proposed for trials and 1808 license date are noted in the booklet entitled "The Lands and People of Moray - Part 10" by Bruce B Bishop, obtained from the ANESFHS.
8. 1807-1808 Elgin Presbytery Minutes regarding James presenting at the Session and also being licensed to preach. Minutes from Scotlands People.
9. 1832 death year from a lookup in the Kirk Session Minutes for the St Andrews-Lhandbryde parish. He is buried in the Lhanbryde Cemetery (formerly Calcots) but his tombstone has not survived so he is not listed in the ANESFHS published MI booklet.
10. Feb 1832 death date is also listed in the booklet titled "The Lands and People of Moray- Part 10" by Bruce B. Bishop, although I believe the source was the above source - the Kirk Session Minutes.
11. The Schoolmaster Salaries are also noted in booklet "The Lands and People of Moray - Part 9" by Bruce B Bishop, obtained from the ANESFHS.
12. 1834 death of wife Charlotte per her will and inventory from Scotlands People.
13. The countless hours spent pouring over microfiche records, quite difficult to read, the tramping through graveyards, the phone calls and emails sent to various groups and people are too innumerable to even list. The credit all goes to Susan Munro who I should have thanked publicly much earlier. Without her, much of what is known and written would not be possible.
↑ "Scotland Marriages, 1561-1910," database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XTJ6-NYN : 10 February 2018), Jas. Donald and Charlotte Mckinzie, 12 Jul 1806; citing Saint Nicholas,Aberdeen,Aberdeen,Scotland, index based upon data collected by the Genealogical Society of Utah, Salt Lake City; FHL microfilm 991,139
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https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/54353072/james_donald
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1897) – Find a Grave Gedenkstätte
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The Atchison Daily Champion, Monday, 6 December 1897 James Donald, one of the oldest resident of Atchison, died this morning about 8 o'clock. Nearly a month ago Mr. Donald suffered a paralytic stroke from which he never fully recovered. Mr. Donald was born in Glasgow Scotland; Mr. Donald was 74 years of age, and up to...
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https://de.findagrave.com/memorial/54353072/james-donald
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Discover your family history. Explore the world’s largest collection of free family trees, genealogy records and resources.
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https://movingimage.nls.uk/biography/10010
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Biography of 'DONALD, James'
Cinema manager
The Donald family played a prominent role in the cinema industry in Aberdeen. James F. Donald the founder of the family business was born in Newhills in 1870, and moved to Aberdeen as a young boy. He worked with John F. Clark coach-builders and the Great North of Scotland Railway Company before setting up his own electro-plating and cycle business in Rosemount. A keen cyclist and dancer, and an active member of the Temperance Movement, he soon began to take an interest in the cinema.
After managing to acquire some projection equipment, he entered the cinema business in November 1915 with West End. It was poorly heated – there was a dairy below it – and was affectionately known as the ‘tuppenny freezer’. Donald’s lease for the cinema expired in September 1920, and Aberdeen Picture Palaces became the new proprietors. In 1924, however, Donald acquired the lease for another cinema in the city, the Picturedrome. He changed the name to Cinema House and eventually became the owner of the premises, after buying them outright. By this time, Donald also owned other cinemas in the city, and controlled his business interests through his own company.
James Donald died on Sunday 4 March 1934, at his home in North Silver Street in Aberdeen, as a result of a serious illness. Subsequently, the task of managing his company, "James F. Donald (Aberdeen Cinemas) Limited", was passed to his sons, James R. Donald, Peter J. P. Donald, Richard M. Donald and Herbert M. Donald. Richard already had experience of the cinema business, having been appointed to the position of manager at the Grand Central in 1926, at the age of only fifteen.
The Donald brothers were responsible for a number of significant developments in the company. Land was purchased for the construction of a new cinema, the Kingsway, and the company gained control of the Majestic and Belmont cinemas after it purchased over half the shares of its owner, Caledonian Theatres. Messrs Donald also gained control of their rival company, Aberdeen Picture Palaces in 1941.
The Beach Pavilion closed in 1954 because of financial difficulties, and the summer variety shows that were held were transferred to the Capitol. The Kingsway ceased to be used as a cinema after February 1963, although it was still used as a bingo hall. Herbert W. G. Donald – the eldest son of Herbert M. Donald – joined the firm in a managerial capacity in 1977, shortly before his father retired.
This biographical account was compiled with reference to: Thomson, Michael Silver Screen in the Silver City: A History of the Cinemas in Aberdeen 1896-1987 Aberdeen University Press, 1988.
Researcher: Richard Fry
Films associated with 'COCOZZA, Enrico'
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List of Scottish monarchs
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Scottish_monarchs
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Scottish monarchs until 1707
This article is about Scottish monarchs until 1707. For British monarchs since the Union of Scotland and England in 1707, see List of British monarchs. For legendary ones, see Legendary kings of Scotland.
The monarch of Scotland was the head of state of the Kingdom of Scotland. According to tradition, Kenneth I MacAlpin (Cináed mac Ailpín) was the founder and first King of the Kingdom of Scotland (although he never held the title historically, being King of the Picts instead).[a]
The Kingdom of the Picts just became known as the Kingdom of Alba in Scottish Gaelic, which later became known in Scots and English as Scotland; the terms are retained in both languages to this day. By the late 11th century at the very latest, Scottish kings were using the term rex Scottorum, or King of Scots, to refer to themselves in Latin. The Kingdom of Scotland was merged with the Kingdom of England to form a single Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707. Thus, Queen Anne became the last monarch of the ancient kingdoms of Scotland and England and the first of Great Britain, although the kingdoms had shared a monarch since 1603 (see Union of the Crowns). Her uncle Charles II was the last monarch to be crowned in Scotland, at Scone in 1651. He had a second coronation in England ten years later.
William I – James VI
James VI – James VII
William II and Mary II
William II
Anne
The reign of Kenneth MacAlpin begins what is often called the House of Alpin, an entirely modern concept. The descendants of Kenneth MacAlpin were divided into two branches; the crown would alternate between the two, the death of a king from one branch often hastened by war or assassination by a pretender from the other. Malcolm II was the last king of the House of Alpin; in his reign, he successfully crushed all opposition to him and, having no sons, was able to pass the crown to his daughter's son, Duncan I, who inaugurated the House of Dunkeld.
Modern English name
(Modern Gaelic name)
(Medieval Gaelic name)
Reign Epithet Title Dynastic status Kenneth I MacAlpin[2]
(Coinneach mac Ailpein)
(Cináed mac Ailpín / Ciniod m. Ailpin)[3]
843/848 – 13 February 858 An Ferbasach,
"The Conqueror"[4] Rex Pictorum
("King of the Picts") son of Alpin, king of Dál Riata Donald I[5]
(Dòmhnall mac Solein)
(Domnall mac Ailpín)
858 – 13 April 862 son of Alpin, king of Dál Riata, and brother of Kenneth I Constantine I[6]
(Còiseam mac Choinnich)
(Causantín mac Cináeda)
862–877 An Finn-Shoichleach,
"The Wine-Bountiful"[7] Son of Kenneth I Áed[8]
(Aodh mac Choinnich)
(Áed mac Cináeda)
877–878 Giric[9]
(Griogair mac Dhunghail)
(Giric mac Dúngail)
878–889 Mac Rath,
"Son of Fortune"[10] Son of Donald I? Eochaid
( )
(Eochaid mac Run)
878–889?* grandson of Kenneth I* Donald II[11]
(Dòmhnall mac Chòiseim)
(Domnall mac Causantín)
889–900 Dásachtach,
"the Madman"[12] Rí Alban
("King of Scotland")
Rì nan Albannaich
("King of Scots") Son of Constantine I Constantine II[13]
(Còiseam mac Aoidh)
(Causantín mac Áeda)
900–943 An Midhaise,
"the Middle Aged"[14] Son of Áed Malcolm I[15]
(Maol Chaluim mac Dhòmhnaill)
(Máel Coluim mac Domnall)
943–954 An Bodhbhdercc,
"the Dangerous Red"[16] Son of Donald II Indulf[17][18]
( )
(Ildulb mac Causantín)
954–962 An Ionsaighthigh,
"the Aggressor"[19] Son of Constantine II Dub / Dubh or Duff[20]
(Dub mac Maíl Choluim)
(Dubh mac Mhaoil Chaluim)
962–967 Dén,
"the Vehement"[21] Son of Malcolm I Cuilén[22]
(Cuilean)
(Cuilén mac Ilduilb)
967–971 An Fionn,
"the White"[23] Son of Indulf Amlaíb
(Amhlaigh)
(Amlaíb mac Ilduilb)
973–977¤ Kenneth II[24]
(Coinneach mac Mhaoil Chaluim)
(Cináed mac Maíl Choluim)
971–995 An Fionnghalach,
"the Fratricide"[25] Son of Malcolm I Constantine III[26]
(Còiseam mac Chailein)
(Causantín mac Cuiléin)
995–997 Son of Cuilén Kenneth III[27]
(Coinneach mac Dhuibh)
(Cináed mac Duib)
997 – 25 March 1005 An Donn,
"the Chief"/ "the Brown"[28] Son of Dub Malcolm II[29]
(Maol Chaluim mac Choinnich)
(Máel Coluim mac Cináeda)
1005–1034 Forranach,
"the Destroyer"[30] Son of Kenneth II
*Eochiad was a son of Run, King of Strathclyde, but his mother was a daughter of Kenneth I. Evidence of his reign is unclear. He may have never actually been king and if he was, he was co-king with Giric.
¤Amlaíb is known only by a reference to his death in 977, which reports him as King of Alba; since Kenneth II is known to have still been King in 972–973, Amlaíb must have taken power between 973 and 977.
See also: House of Dunkeld
Duncan succeeded to the throne as the maternal grandson of Malcolm II. The House of Dunkeld was therefore closely related to the House of Alpin. Duncan was killed in battle by Macbeth, another maternal grandson of Malcolm II.
Modern English name
(Modern Gaelic name)
(Medieval Gaelic name)
Reign Epithet Title Marriage(s) Dynastic status Duncan I[31]
(Donnchadh mac Crìonain)
(Donnchad mac Crínáin)
1034–1040 An t-Ilgarach
"the Diseased"
or "the Sick"[32] Rí Alban Suthen
at least two sons Grandson of Malcolm II (son of eldest daughter)
See also: House of Moray
Macbeth came to power in 1040 after killing Duncan I in battle and had a long and relatively successful reign. Macbeth was a cousin of Duncan and was a maternal grandson of Malcolm II. In a series of battles between 1057 and 1058, Duncan's son Malcolm III defeated and killed Macbeth and Macbeth's stepson and heir Lulach and became the king, thereby passing the throne back to the House of Dunkeld.
Modern English name
(Modern Gaelic name)
(Medieval Gaelic name)
Reign Epithet Title Marriage(s) Dynastic status Macbeth[33]
(MacBheatha mac Fhionnlaigh)
(Mac Bethad mac Findláich)
1040–1057 Rí Deircc
"the Red King"[34] Rí Alban Gruoch of Scotland
no children Son of Mormaer Findláech
Grandson of Malcolm II (son of second daughter)
Cousin of Duncan I
Lulach[35]
(Lughlagh mac Gille Chomghain)
(Lulach mac Gille Comgaín)
1057–1058 Tairbith
"the Unfortunate"[34]
-
Fatuus
"the Foolish"[36] Unknown
two children Son of Gille Coemgáin, Mormaer of Moray and Gruoch of Scotland
Step-son of Macbeth
Great-grandson of Kenneth II or Kenneth III through his mother
In a series of battles between 1057 and 1058, Duncan's son Malcolm III defeated and killed Macbeth and Macbeth's stepson and heir Lulach, claiming the throne. The dynastic feuds did not end there: on Malcolm III's death in battle, his brother Donald III, known as "Bán", claimed the throne, expelling Malcolm III's sons from Scotland. A civil war in the family ensued, with Donald III and Malcolm III's son Edmund opposed by Malcolm III's English-backed sons, led first by Duncan II and then by Edgar. Edgar triumphed, sending his uncle and brother to monasteries. After the reign of David I, the Scottish throne was passed according to rules of primogeniture, moving from father to son, or where not possible, brother to brother. Alexander III was the last ruler from the house of Dunkeld, and having no sons, the throne was inherited by his granddaughter Margaret, Maid of Norway.
Modern English name
(Modern Gaelic name)
(Medieval Gaelic name)
Reign Epithet Title Marriage(s) Dynastic status Malcolm III[37]
(Maol Chaluim mac Dhonnchaidh)
(Máel Coluim mac Donnchada)
1058–1093 Cenn Mór ("Canmore")
"Great Chief"[38] Rí Alban / Scottorum basileus Ingibiorg Finnsdottir
three sons
Margaret of Wessex
1070
eight children Son of Duncan I Donald III[39]
(Dòmhnall mac Dhonnchaidh)
(Domnall mac Donnchada)
1093–1097 Bán,
"the Fair" Rí Alban Unknown
at least one daughter Duncan II[40]
(Donnchadh mac Mhaoil Chaluim)
(Donnchad mac Maíl Choluim)
1094 Rí Alban / Rex Scottorum Ethelreda of Northumbria
one son Son of Malcolm III Edgar[41]
(Eagar mac Mhaoil Chaluim)
(Étgar mac Maíl Choluim)
1097–1107 Probus,
"the Valiant"[42] None Alexander I[43]
(Alasdair mac Mhaoil Chaluim)
(Alaxandair mac Maíl Choluim)
1107–1124 "the Fierce"[44] Sybilla of Normandy
no children David I[45]
(Dàibhidh mac Mhaoil Chaluim)
(Dabíd mac Maíl Choluim)
1124–1153 "the Saint"[46] Maud, Countess of Huntingdon
1113
four children Malcolm IV[47]
(Maol Chaluim mac Eanraig)
(Máel Coluim mac Eanric)
1153–1165 Virgo
"the Maiden"
-
Cenn Mór,
"Great Chief"[38] None Grandson of David I William I
(Uilleam mac Eanraig)
(Uilliam mac Eanric)
1165–1214 "the Lion"
-
Garbh,
"the Rough"[48] Ermengarde de Beaumont
Woodstock Palace, Oxford, England
5 September 1186
four children Alexander II[49]
(Alasdair mac Uilleim)
(Alaxandair mac Uilliam)
1214–1249 Joan of England
York Minster, England
21 June 1221
no children
Marie de Coucy
Roxburgh
15 May 1239
one son Son of William I Alexander III[50]
(Alasdair mac Alasdair)
(Alaxandair mac Alaxandair)
1249–1286 Margaret of England
York Minster, England
25 December 1251
three children
Yolande de Dreux
Jedburgh Abbey
15 October 1285
no children Son of Alexander II
See also: House of Sverre
Margaret, Maid of Norway inherited the throne in 1286, but died in 1290 in Orkney on her way to be crowned. During her absence, Scotland was ruled by a set of guardians. After her death, Scotland entered a period of interregnum, where 13 contenders fought for the throne and ultimately, John Balliol succeeded.
The status of Margaret, as a Scottish monarch is debated by historians. She was never crowned, and her contemporaries in Scotland described her as "queen" very rarely, referring to her instead as Scotland's "lady", "heir", or "lady and heir". On the other hand, documents issued from late 1286 no longer refer to the "king whosoever he may be", indicating that the throne may have been regarded as already occupied by Margaret. In modern historiography she is nearly unanimously called "queen", and reference books give 19 March 1286, the date of Alexander III's death, as the start of her reign.
Name Birth Death Dynastic status Margaret[53]
the Maid of Norway
1286–1290 c. April 1283
Tønsberg, Norway
daughter of Eric II of Norway and Margaret of Scotland September/October 1290
St Margaret's Hope, Orkney
aged 7 Granddaughter of Alexander III through his daughter
See also: Margaret, Maid of Norway
The First Interregnum began upon the death of Alexander III of Scotland in 1286. Alexander's only surviving descendant was his granddaughter Margaret, Maid of Norway, a young child, who inherited the throne in 1286. A set of guardians were appointed to rule Scotland in her absence since she was living in Norway where her father Eric II was king. She was finally sent to Scotland in 1290 but died before arriving in Scotland. The next king of Scots was not determined until completion of an arbitration in 1292.
See also: House of Balliol
The death of Margaret of Norway began a two-year interregnum in Scotland caused by a succession crisis. With her death, the descent of William I became extinct and there was no obvious heir. Thirteen candidates presented themselves; the most prominent were John Balliol, great-grandson of William I's younger brother David of Huntingdon, and Robert de Brus, 5th Lord of Annandale, grandson of David of Huntingdon. The Scottish magnates invited Edward I of England to arbitrate the claims. He did so but forced the Scots to swear allegiance to him as overlord. Eventually, it was decided that John Balliol should become king. He proved weak and incapable and, in 1296, was forced to abdicate by Edward I who then attempted to annex Scotland into the Kingdom of England.
Name Portrait Birth Marriage(s) Death Dynastic status John Balliol[54]
Toom Tabard ("Empty Cloak")
(Iain Balliol)
1292–1296 c. 1249 Isabella de Warenne
9 February 1281
at least one son
c. 25 November 1314
Picardy, France
great-great-great-grandson of King David I
(election)
John Balliol abdicated in March 1296. That same month Edward I invaded Scotland. The second set of guardians were appointed under Edward I who ruled from 1296 to 1306, until the election of Robert the Bruce as the king of Scotland.
See also: Clan Bruce
For ten years, Scotland had no king. The Scots, however, refused to tolerate English rule. First William Wallace and Andrew Moray, then John Comyn, and finally Robert the Bruce (the grandson of the 1292 competitor, Robert de Brus, 5th Lord of Annandale who in turn was the grandson of David of Huntingdon, younger brother of William I) fought against the English. Bruce and his supporters had murdered their rival to the throne of Scotland, John Comyn, Lord of Badenoch, on 10 February 1306 at Greyfriars Church in Dumfries. Shortly after in 1306, Robert was crowned King of Scots at Scone. Robert Bruce was then hunted down for his crime of murder, and subsequently, he escaped to the outskirt islands, leaving the country completely leaderless, and the English invaded once again. Bruce returned a year later and gained support for his cause. His energy, and the corresponding replacement of the vigorous Edward I with his weaker son Edward II in 1307, allowed Scotland to free itself from English rule. At the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314, the Scots routed the English, and by 1328 the English had agreed by treaty to accept Scottish independence. Robert's son, David, acceded to the throne as a child. The English renewed their war with Scotland, and David was forced to flee the kingdom by Edward Balliol, son of King John, who managed to get himself crowned (1332–1356) and to give away Scotland's southern counties to England before being driven out again. David spent much of his life in exile, first in freedom with his ally, France, and then in prison in England. He was only able to return to Scotland in 1357. Upon his death, childless, in 1371, the House of Bruce came to an end.
Name Portrait Birth Marriage(s) Death Dynastic status Robert I[55]
the Bruce
(Raibeart a Briuis)
1306–1329 11 July 1274
Turnberry Castle
son of Robert de Brus, 6th Lord of Annandale and Marjorie, Countess of Carrick[56] Isabella of Mar
1295
one daughter
Elizabeth de Burgh
Writtle, Essex, England
1302
four children 7 June 1329
Manor of Cardross
aged 54 great-great-great-great-grandson of King David I
(election) David II[57]
(Dàibhidh Bruis)
1329–1371 5 March 1324
Dunfermline Abbey
son of Robert I and Elizabeth de Burgh Joan of England
Berwick-upon-Tweed
17 July 1328
no children
Margaret Drummond
Inchmurdach, Fife
20 February 1364
no children 22 February 1371
Edinburgh Castle
aged 46 son of Robert I (primogeniture)
Edward Balliol was the son of King John Balliol, who had himself ruled for four years following his election in the Great Cause. Following his abdication, John Balliol lived out his life in obscurity in Picardy, France. During the minority of David II, Edward Balliol seized the opportunity to assert his claim to the throne, and backed by the English, he defeated the forces of David's regency and was himself crowned king at Scone in 1332. He was quickly defeated by loyalist forces and sent back to England. With English support, he would mount two more attempts to seize the throne again, in 1333 and 1335, each time his actual control of the throne was brief before being sent back to England, for the last time in 1336. When David returned from exile in 1341 to rule in his own right, Edward lost most of his support. When David II was captured in battle in 1346, Edward made one last attempt to seize the throne for himself but had little support and the campaign fizzled before it gained much traction. In 1356 he renounced all claims to the throne.
Name Portrait Birth Marriage(s) Death Claim Edward Balliol[58]
1332–1356
In opposition to David II 1283
Son of John Balliol and Isabella de Warenne None 1367
Doncaster, England
aged 83–84 Son of John Balliol, candidate of the English to replace the exiled David II
See also: House of Stuart and Clan Stewart
Robert the Stewart was a grandson of Robert I by the latter's daughter, Marjorie. Having been born in 1316, he was older than his uncle, David II. Consequently, he was at his accession a middle-aged man, already 55, and unable to reign vigorously, a problem also faced by his son Robert III, who also ascended in middle age at 53 in 1390, and suffered lasting damage in a horse-riding accident. These two were followed by a series of regencies, caused by the youth of the succeeding five boy kings. Consequently, the Stewart era saw periods of royal inertia, during which the nobles usurped power from the crown, followed by periods of personal rule by the monarch, during which he or she would attempt to address the issues created by their minority and the long-term effects of previous reigns. Governing Scotland became increasingly difficult, as the powerful nobility became increasingly intractable. James I's attempts to curb the disorder of the realm ended in his assassination. James III was killed in a civil war between himself and the nobility, led by his son. When James IV, who had governed sternly and suppressed the aristocrats, died in the Battle of Flodden, his wife Margaret Tudor, who had been nominated regent for their young son James V, was unseated by noble feuding, and James V's wife, Mary of Guise, succeeded in ruling Scotland during the regency for her young daughter Mary I only by dividing and conquering the noble factions, distributing French bribes with a liberal hand. Finally, Mary I, the daughter of James V, found herself unable to govern Scotland faced with the surliness of the aristocracy and the intransigence of the population, who favored Calvinism and disapproved of her Catholicism. She was forced to abdicate, and fled to England, where she was imprisoned in various castles and manor houses for eighteen years and finally executed for treason against the English queen Elizabeth I. Upon her abdication, her son, fathered by Henry, Lord Darnley, a junior member of the Stewart family, became King as James VI.
James VI became King of England and Ireland as James I in 1603 when his cousin Elizabeth I died. Thereafter, although the two crowns of England and Scotland remained separate, the monarchy was based chiefly in England. Charles I, James's son, found himself faced with the Civil War. The resultant conflict lasted eight years and ended in his execution. The English Parliament then decreed their monarchy to be at an end. The Scots Parliament, after some deliberation, broke their links with England and declared that Charles II, son, and heir of Charles I, would become King. He ruled until 1651 when the armies of Oliver Cromwell occupied Scotland and drove him into exile.
Name Portrait Birth Marriage(s) Death Dynastic status Robert II[59]
the Stewart
(Raibeart II Stiùbhairt)
1371–1390 2 March 1316
Paisley Abbey
son of Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland and Marjorie Bruce Elizabeth Mure
1336 (uncertain canonicity)
1349 (with Papal dispensation)
ten children
Euphemia de Ross
2 May 1355
four children 19 April 1390
Dundonald Castle
aged 74 grandson of Robert I through his daughter
(primogeniture) Robert III[60]
(born John Stewart)
the Lame King
(Raibeart III Stiùbhairt, An Righ Bhacaigh)
1390–1406 c. 1337
unknown
son of Robert II and Elizabeth Mure Anabella Drummond
1367
seven children 4 April 1406
Rothesay Castle
aged about 69 son of Robert II (primogeniture) James I[61]
(Seumas I Stiùbhairt)
1406–1437 late July 1394
Dunfermline Abbey
son of Robert III and Anabella Drummond Joan Beaufort
Southwark Cathedral
2 February 1424
eight children 21 February 1437
Church of the Friars Preachers of Blessed Virgin and Saint Dominic at Perth
aged about 42 (assassinated) son of Robert III (primogeniture) James II[62]
Fiery Face
(Seumas II Stiùbhairt)
1437–1460 16 October 1430
Holyrood Abbey
son of James I and Joan Beaufort Mary of Guelders
Holyrood Abbey
3 July 1449
seven children 3 August 1460
Roxburgh Castle
aged 29 son of James I (primogeniture) James III[63]
(Seumas III Stiùbhairt)
1460–1488 10 July 1451
Stirling Castle or St Andrews Castle
son of James II and Mary of Guelders Margaret of Denmark
Holyrood Abbey
13 July 1469
three children 11 June 1488
Sauchie Burn
aged 36 son of James II (primogeniture) James IV[64]
(Seumas IV Stiùbhairt)
1488–1513 17 March 1473
Stirling Castle
son of James III and Margaret of Denmark Margaret Tudor
Holyrood Abbey
8 August 1503
six children 9 September 1513
Flodden Field, Northumberland, England
aged 40 son of James III (primogeniture) James V[65]
(Seumas V Stiùbhairt)
1513–1542 15 April 1512
Linlithgow Palace
son of James IV and Margaret Tudor Madeleine of Valois
Notre Dame Cathedral, Paris, France
1 January 1537
no children
Mary of Guise
Notre Dame Cathedral, Paris, France
18 May 1538
three children 14 December 1542
Falkland Palace
aged 30 son of James IV (primogeniture) Mary I[66]
(Màiri Stiùbhairt)
1542–1567 8 December 1542
Linlithgow Palace
daughter of James V and Mary of Guise François II, King of France
24 April 1558
no children
Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley
Palace of Holyroodhouse, Edinburgh
9 July 1565
one child
James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell
Palace of Holyroodhouse
15 May 1567
no children 8 February 1587
Fotheringhay Castle, Northamptonshire, England
aged 44 (executed) daughter of James V (cognatic primogeniture) James VI[67]
(Seumas VI Stiùbhairt)
1567–1625 19 June 1566
Edinburgh Castle
son of Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley and Mary I Anne of Denmark
Old Bishop's Palace, Oslo, Norway
23 November 1589
seven children 27 March 1625
Theobalds House, Hertfordshire, England
aged 58 son of Mary I (primogeniture) Charles I[68]
(Teàrlach I Stiùbhairt)
1625–1649 19 November 1600
Dunfermline Palace
son of James VI and Anne of Denmark Henrietta Maria of France
St Augustine's Church, Canterbury, England
13 June 1625
nine children 30 January 1649
Palace of Whitehall, Westminster, England
aged 48 (executed) son of James VI (primogeniture) Charles II[69]
(Teàrlach II Stiùbhairt)
1649–1651 29 May 1630
St James's Palace, Westminster, England
son of Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France Catherine of Braganza
Portsmouth, England
14 May 1662
no children 6 February 1685
Palace of Whitehall
aged 54 son of Charles I (primogeniture)
Main article: Scotland under the Commonwealth
With the Scottish Restoration, the Stuarts became Kings of Scotland once more but Scotland's rights were not respected. During the reign of Charles II, the Scottish Parliament was dissolved and James was appointed Governor of Scotland. James II himself became James VII in 1685. His Catholicism was not tolerated, and he was driven out of England after three years. In his place came his daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange, the ruler of the Dutch Republic. The two were accepted as monarchs of Scotland after a period of deliberation by the Scottish Parliament and ruled together as William II and Mary II.
An attempt to establish a Scottish colonial empire through the Darien Scheme, in rivalry to that of England, failed, leaving the Scottish nobles who financed the venture for their profit bankrupt. This coincided with the accession of Queen Anne, daughter of James VII. Anne had multiple children but none of these survived her, leaving as her heir her half-brother, James, then living in exile in France. The English favored the Protestant Sophia of Hanover (a granddaughter of James VI) as heir. Many Scots preferred Prince James, who as a Stuart was a Scot by ancestry, and threatened to break the Union of Crowns between England and Scotland by choosing him for themselves. To preserve the union, the English elaborated a plan whereby the two Kingdoms of Scotland and England would merge into a single Kingdom, the Kingdom of Great Britain, ruled by a common monarch, and with a single Parliament. Both national parliaments agreed to this (the Scots albeit reluctantly, motivated primarily by the national finances), and some subterfuge as a total majority of signatories were needed to ratify the Scottish parliament's assent, bribes, and payments. Thereafter, although monarchs continued to rule over the nation of Scotland, they did so first as monarchs of Great Britain, and from 1801 of the United Kingdom.
Name Portrait Birth Marriage(s) Death Claim Charles II[69]
(Teàrlach II Stiùbhairt)
1660–1685 29 May 1630
St James's Palace
Son of Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France Catherine of Braganza
Portsmouth, England
14 May 1662
No children 6 February 1685
Palace of Whitehall
Aged 54 Son of Charles I (primogeniture) James VII[70]
(Seumas VII Stiùbhairt)
1685–1688 14 October 1633
St James's Palace
Son of Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France Anne Hyde
The Strand, London, England
3 September 1660
Eight childrenMary of Modena
Dover, England
21 November 1673
Seven children 16 September 1701
Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France
Aged 67 Mary II[71]
(Màiri II Stiùbhairt)
1689–1694 30 April 1662
St James's Palace, England
Daughter of James VII (II of England) and Anne Hyde St James's Palace
4 November 1677
No children. A miscarriage may have rendered Mary infertile 28 December 1694
Kensington Palace, England
Aged 32 Daughter of James VII (offered the crown by the Parliament) William II[71]
(Uilleam Orains, "William of Orange")
1689–1702 4 November 1650
Binnenhof, The Hague, Republic of the Seven United Netherlands
Son of William II, Prince of Orange and Mary, Princess Royal 8 March 1702
Kensington Palace
Aged 51 Grandson of Charles I (offered the crown by the Parliament) Anne[72]
(Anna Stiùbhairt)
1702–1707 (Queen of Great Britain and Ireland
1707–1714) 6 February 1665
St James's Palace
Daughter of James VII and Anne Hyde George of Denmark
St James's Palace
28 July 1683
5 children, none of whom survived childhood; 12 miscarriages and still-births 1 August 1714
Kensington Palace
Aged 49 Daughter of James VII (primogeniture)
Bill of Rights 1689
See also: List of British monarchs
The Acts of Union were twin Parliamentary Acts passed during 1706 and 1707 by the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland, putting into effect the terms of the Treaty of Union, agreed on 22 July 1706, following prolonged negotiation between Queen Anne's Commissioners representing both parliaments. The Acts joined the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland to form a united Kingdom of Great Britain.[73]
Scotland and England had shared a common monarch since the Union of the Crowns in 1603 when the Scottish king James VI succeeded to the English throne. Although described as a Union of Crowns, before the Acts of Union of 1707, the crowns of the two separate kingdoms had rested on the same head. Three unsuccessful attempts (in 1606, 1667, and 1689) were made to unite the two kingdoms by Acts of Parliament, but it was not until the early 18th century that the idea had the will of both political establishments to succeed, thereby bringing the two separate states together under a single parliament as well as a single monarch.
Main article: Jacobite succession
James VII continued to claim the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland. When he died in 1701, his son James inherited his father's claims and called himself James VIII of Scotland and III of England and Ireland. He would continue to do so all his life, even after the Kingdoms of England and Scotland were ended by their merging as the Kingdom of Great Britain. In 1715, a year after the death of his half-sister, Queen Anne, and the accession of their cousin George of Hanover, James landed in Scotland and attempted to claim the throne. He failed and was forced to flee back to the Continent. A second attempt by his son Charles, on behalf of his father, in 1745–6, also failed. Both James's children died without legitimate issue, bringing the Stuart family to an end.
"James VIII", also known as The Old Pretender, son of James VII, was claimant from 1701 until he died in 1766.
"Charles III", also known as The Young Pretender and often called Bonnie Prince Charlie, son of James VIII, was claimant from his father's death until his death in 1788 without legitimate issue.
"Henry I", brother of Charles III and youngest son of James VIII. Died unmarried in 1807.
After 1807, the Jacobite claims passed first to the House of Savoy (1807–1840), then to the Modenese branch of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine (1840–1919), and finally to the House of Wittelsbach (since 1919). The current heir is Franz, Duke of Bavaria. Neither he nor any of his predecessors since 1807 have pursued their claim.
In 1971, Ugandan President Idi Amin proclaimed himself to be the uncrowned king of Scotland,[74] although this claim gained no international recognition.
The Scottish coronation oath sworn by James VI, Charles I, and Charles II and approved by the Parliament of Scotland in 1567:
I, N.N., promise faithfully, in the presence of the eternal, my God, that I, enduring the whole Course of my Life, shall serve the same Eternal, my God, to the utmost of my Power, accordingly as he required in his most Holy Word, revealed and contained in the New and Old Testament; and according to the same Word shall maintain the true Religion of Jesus Christ, the preaching of his Holy Word, and due and right administration of his Sacraments, now received and practised within this Realm; and shall abolish and oppose all false Religion contrary to the same; and shall rule the People committed to my Charge, according to the Will and Command of God, revealed in his foresaid Word, and according to the lovable Laws and Constitutions received in this Realm, in no way repugnant to the said Word of the Eternal, my God; and shall procure to my utmost to the Kirk of God and whole Christian people true and perfect Peace in all times coming; the Rights and Rents, with all just privileges of the Crown of Scotland, I shall preserve and keep inviolate, neither shall I transfer nor alienate the same; I shall forbid and repress in all Estates and all Degrees theft, Oppression and all kind of Wrong; in all Judgements, I shall command and procure that Justice and Equity be kept to all creatures without exception, as he be merciful to me and you that is the Lord and Father of all Mercies; and out of all my lands and empire I shall be careful to root out all Heresy and Enemies to the true Worship of God, that shall be convicted by the true Kirk of God of the foresaid Crimes; and these Things above-written I faithfully affirm by my solemn Oath.
The coronation oath sworn by William II, Mary II and Anne was approved by the Parliament of Scotland on 18 April 1689.[75] The oath was as follows:
WE William and Mary, King and Queen of Scotland, faithfully promise and swear, by this our solemn Oath, in presence of the Eternal God, that during the whole Course of our Life we will serve the same Eternal God, to the uttermost of our Power, according as he has required in his most Holy Word, revealed and contained in the New and Old Testament; and according to the same Word shall maintain the true Religion of Christ Jesus, the preaching of his Holy Word, and the due and right Ministration of the Sacraments, now received and preached within the Realm of Scotland; and shall abolish and gainstand all false Religion contrary to the same, and shall rule the People committed to our Charge, according to the Will and Command of God, revealed in his aforesaid Word, and according to the laudable Laws and Constitutions received in this Realm, no ways repugnant to the said Word of the Eternal God; and shall procure, to the utmost of our power, to the Kirk of God, and whole Christian People, true and perfect Peace in all time coming. That we shall preserve and keep inviolated the Rights and Rents, with all just Privileges of the Crown of Scotland, neither shall we transfer nor alienate the same; that we shall forbid and repress in all Estates and Degrees, Reif, Oppression and all kind of Wrong. And we shall command and procure, that Justice and Equity in all Judgments be kept to all Persons without exception, us the Lord and Father of all Mercies shall be merciful to us. And we shall be careful to root out all Heretics and Enemies to the true Worship of God, that shall be convicted by the true Kirk of God, of the aforesaid Crimes, out of our Lands and Empire of Scotland. And we faithfully affirm the Things above-written by our solemn Oath.
Anderson, Alan Orr, Early Sources of Scottish History: AD 500–1286, 2 Vols (Edinburgh, 1922).
Broun, Dauvit (2007), Scottish Independence and the Idea of Britain. From the Picts to Alexander III., Edinburgh University Press, ISBN 978-0-7486-2360-0
Duncan, Archibald Alexander McBeth (2002). The Kingship of the Scots, 842–1292: Succession and Independence. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0748616268.
Hudson, Benjamin T., Kings of Celtic Scotland (Westport, 1994).
Oram, Richard (2002). The Canmores: Kings & Queens of the Scots, 1040–1290. Tempus. ISBN 0752423258.
Reid, Norman (1982). "Margaret, "Maid of Norway" and Scottish Queenship" (PDF). Reading Medieval Studies. 8: 75–96. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 September 2022.
Skene, W. F. (ed.), Chronicles of the Picts, Chronicles of the Scots and other Early Memorials of Scottish History (Edinburgh, 1867)
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https://history.ypsilibrary.org/oral-histories/james-hall/
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en
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James Donald (J. D.) Hall
|
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en
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https://history.ypsilibrary.org/oral-histories/james-hall/
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Jam es Donald Hall was born March 4, 1918 in Louisiana to Wesley and Alma (Newt) Hall in Louisiana and raised in nearby Arkansas. One of eleven children, Mr. Hall came to Michigan in 1946 to attend school. He quickly became a barber and opened two shops; one in Ypsilanti and one in Ann Arbor. Mr. Hall’s barbershops were cornerstones of Washtenaw County’s Black communities and served several generations. Mr. Hall had a number of businesses and properties in the area, including the Universal Asphalt Company. Mr. Hall passed away on January 14, 1999.
PARTNERS
The A.P. Marshall Oral History Archive is a partnership between the Ypsilanti District Library and the African American Cultural and Historical Museum of Washtenaw County.
This project is made possible in part by the Michigan Humanities Council, an affiliate of the National Endowment for the Humanities.
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https://www.kisselburgwaucondafuneralhome.com/obituaries/John-James-Donald%3FobId%3D355468
|
en
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Kisselburg-Wauconda Funeral Home
|
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Kisselburg-Wauconda Funeral Home in Wauconda, IL provides funeral, memorial, aftercare, pre-planning, and cremation services to ou... Learn More
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https://s3.amazonaws.com/fh-content/release/Content/Media/Kisselburg-WaucondaFuneralHome/favicon.ico
| null |
Kisselburg-Wauconda Funeral Home Welcomes You
When you experience the loss of a loved one, you can trust us to guide you through the arrangements necessary to create a meaningful ceremony that celebrates the unique life being honored. Our staff is committed to providing your family with the highest quality care and service in your time of need, and we take pride in our responsibility to lighten your burden as you take the first steps toward healing.
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dbpedia
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| 6 |
https://www.virtual-history.com/movie/person/2307/james-donald/photographs
|
en
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James Donald
|
https://www.virtual-history.com/favicon.ico
|
https://www.virtual-history.com/favicon.ico
|
[
"https://www.virtual-history.com/movie/person/2307/james-donald/photo/b00/thumb/broken_journey.jpg",
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[
"movies",
"film memorabilia",
"movie memorabilia",
"films",
"actresses",
"trading cards",
"old vintage movies",
"classic movies",
"sammelbilder"
] | null |
[] | null |
James Donald (1917-1993), born as James Robert MacGeorge Donald. Scottish actor
|
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/favicon.ico
| null | ||||
3199
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| 50 |
https://www.myheritage.com/names/james_mcintyre
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en
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[] |
[] |
[] |
[
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3199
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dbpedia
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| 46 |
https://issuu.com/jamesiandonald/docs/captainjamesdonald
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en
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Captainjamesdonald
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[] |
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[
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] | null |
[
"James Follow this publisher"
] |
2018-05-08T15:16:45+00:00
|
Life and times of Captain James Donald, 94th Scotch Brigade, 1775-1831
|
en
|
/favicon.ico
|
Issuu
|
https://issuu.com/jamesiandonald/docs/captainjamesdonald
|
Welcome to Issuu’s blog: home to product news, tips, resources, interviews (and more) related to content marketing and publishing.
Here you'll find an answer to your question.
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http://www.james-donald.net/
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en
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Tribute to James Donald
|
[
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[] |
[] |
[
"james donald",
"actor",
"theatre",
"the great escape",
"the bridge on the river kwai",
"quatermass and the pit",
"britisch actor"
] | null |
[] | null |
This site is dedicated to James Donald, the tall, dark and handsome actor. The scottish stage actor was an star from the "Golden Age of British Cinema"
| null |
...Military Officer... ...Doctor... ....Scientist...
This site is dedicated to James Donald, the tall, dark and handsome actor. The scottish stage actor was an star from the "Golden Age of British Cinema". He is best known as Major Clipton in "The Bridge on the River Kwai", Egbert in "The Vikings", Group Captain Ramsey in "The Great Escape" and Prof. Mathew Roney in "Quatermass and the Pit".
This Site was made by: CliptonsWife (e-mail)
Remember James on "Find a Grave"
last update: 2024-04-03
"I will always remember you and will have you in my heart!"
(c) 2007-2024
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https://www.worldhistory.org/James_I_of_Scotland/
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en
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James I of Scotland
|
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[
"James I of Scotland",
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"Robert II of Scotland"
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[
"Mark Cartwright",
"www.facebook.com"
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2021-01-12T10:03:50+00:00
|
James I of Scotland ruled as king from 1406 to 1437. In 1406, the future king was captured by pirates and then imprisoned by Henry IV of England (r. 1399-1413...
|
en
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/template/images/whe-favicon-16px.png
|
World History Encyclopedia
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https://www.worldhistory.org/James_I_of_Scotland/
|
James I of Scotland ruled as king from 1406 to 1437. In 1406, the future king was captured by pirates and then imprisoned by Henry IV of England (r. 1399-1413), a confinement that lasted for 18 years. He succeeded his father Robert III of Scotland (r. 1390-1406) but in James' absence, Scotland was ruled by his uncle the Duke of Albany (l. 1339-1420). James finally returned to Scotland in 1424, but his harsh treatment of the nobility, unpopular fiscal policies, and a failed siege of Roxburgh Castle culminated in his assassination in 1437. He was, nevertheless, succeeded by his son James II of Scotland (r. 1437-1460) who continued the royal Stewart line.
Early Life
James was born on 25 July 1394 at Dunfermline Palace into the royal house of Stewart which had been founded by Robert II of Scotland (r. 1371-1390) and which continued with Robert III of Scotland (r. 1390-1406), James' father. Robert III had been incapacitated in a riding accident in 1388 and so the daily governance of the kingdom was taken over by his brother Robert, Earl of Fife (aka Duke of Albany). Scotland was at this time torn by the bitter rivalries which had been created by Robert II's wholesale land and title redistributions and his large number of competing offspring. In 1399, a royal council elected Robert III's son David as the King's Lieutenant. This move only increased the crisis, and the Duke of Albany took radical action in March 1402, imprisoning his nephew and leaving him to starve to death (the official reason for death was 'divine providence'). Albany declared himself regent and Robert III, fearing for the future of his kingdom and young son James, sent the 11-year-old prince to find safety in France. Unfortunately, the escape plan went badly wrong.
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The king honed his skills in music, archery, wrestling, & jousting during his captivity in England.
Imprisonment
Prince James was captured after the Hanseatic ship in which he was travelling to France was taken by pirates and wrecked on the east coast of England off Flamborough Head on 22 March 1406. The prince was captured and presented to the king for a suitable fee. Henry IV of England then imprisoned his fellow royal in such residences as Windsor Castle, the Tower of London, and Nottingham Castle. Henry demanded a huge ransom for James' release, but his father had died shortly after his capture and so, even if James did officially become king, nobody was forthcoming with the cash, least of all the Duke of Albany who remained regent until his death in September 1420. The duke, in contrast, had managed in 1416 to secure the release of his own son, Murdoch Stewart (l. c. 1362-1425), who was likewise languishing in an English prison. Murdoch succeeded his father as the regent in 1420.
At least the king's confinement was a comfortable one, and in the meantime, the two countries maintained an uneasy truce. Diplomatic relations were furthered when James married Lady Joan Beaufort (c. 1400-1445), a niece of Henry IV and daughter of the Earl of Somerset, in February 1424. The couple would have eight children, although six were girls and only one boy, James (b. October 1430), survived infancy. The imprisoned king was near the end of his ordeal, but he still had plenty of time at his disposal to write a 379-line poem in praise of his wife's beauty, The Kingis Quair ('The King's Book'). Although a poem on courtly love, it does contain some passages which reflect the king's thoughts on his confinement such as:
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The bird, the beast, the fish eke in the sea,
They live in freedom each one in his kind;
And I a man, and lacketh liberty;
What shall I say, what reason may I find,
That fortune should do so? Thus in my mind
My case I would argue, but all for nought:
There was no-one to give my woes a thought.
(Jones, N. 86)
The king had also honed his skills in music, archery, wrestling, and medieval jousting during his captivity. Indeed, the king's martial skills had been put to good use by Henry V of England (r. 1413-1422), who used James in his campaigns in France in 1420 during the Hundred Years' War (1337-1453). The pair must have got on as Henry knighted James and invited him to join the prestigious and highly select chivalric Order of the Garter in April 1421.
Return to Scotland
James finally returned to Scotland in April 1424 after his ransom of £40,000 - to be paid in instalments - was agreed upon (equivalent to over £25 million today). As part of the deal, 27 Scottish nobles were handed over to the English as hostages until the ransom was fully paid up. The king was crowned in May, and he was not slow to avenge his noble's lack of enthusiasm in paying his ransom and securing his release much earlier. The Duke of Albany had escaped James' wrath, but his family did not, and many were executed, including Murdoch Stewart in May 1425. A general purge of disloyal officials and selected clan leaders followed. The Highland clans were brought further under royal control, notably the MacDonalds. James then set about systematically dispossessing earls of their earldoms so that he eventually controlled a great many of them himself (Fife, Strathearn, Mar, March, Garioch, Lennox, and Annandale, to name a few). The king did not let the general populace off lightly either; taxes were raised, fishing was prohibited out of season, rules were made as to what kinds of clothes certain classes could wear, and oddly enough, football was banned.
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The king did improve local justice and widened the membership of Parliament to include lesser nobles. Parliament also became a legislative body along the lines of the English version, regularly passing statute laws. Many of these new laws, as noted, imposed petty restrictions on everyday life, and many of them, too, were entirely unenforceable such as one ruling that all rooks' nests should be removed from trees. Further, these legislative developments did not impress the lawless nobles who had been enjoying full independence during the king's confinement. James pressed on regardless and entrenched the Stewarts as the great ruling family with a splendid round of spending on public projects and palaces such as at Linlithgow with its new Great Hall.
James was accused of enjoying too lavish a lifestyle at court, his easy living all too evident in his burgeoning physique.
In terms of foreign policy, James paid mere lip service to his treaty commitments with France, largely preferring instead to leave England and that kingdom to squabble amongst themselves on the Continent. Diplomatic ties were strengthened with France when James promised his daughter Margaret in marriage to Louis, heir to the French throne in 1436. There was one military dalliance in August 1436, and this was in a siege of Roxburgh Castle - still held by the English. James only succeeded in having his train of new cannons captured, an expensive and humiliating loss.
Perhaps not surprisingly with all this reshuffling and reassertion of royal power, many in the kingdom rather wished their king was still in the Tower of London. Few wished to see an escalating war with England, and Parliament refused the king's attempt to raise taxes. James was accused of enjoying too lavish a lifestyle at court, his easy living all too evident in his burgeoning physique, described by one chronicler as "thick-set and oppressed by too much fat" (Cannon, 152). In trying to imitate the courts of England and France, James spent prodigious sums on fine clothes, jewellery, and furnishings. Only the first two ransom instalments due the English Crown were paid and so a major justification for the high taxes was absent. Even when James did finally persuade Parliament to levy a new tax in 1431, the condition attached was that the revenue must be kept in a strongbox which the king could not access for his own spending sprees. The Scots' patience with their extravagant and authoritarian king was fast running out.
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The final straw may have been James' formal decision to stop paying the ransom altogether, even if several Scottish nobles were being held hostage. A small group of radical barons - some of whose heirs were hostages - were determined on action, and, led by Walter, Earl of Athol, the king's uncle, they conspired to arrest the king in Parliament. When this strategy failed, more drastic action was taken. The king was assassinated in the monastery of Friars Preachers in Perth on 21 February 1437. In one version of the confused events, a lady tried to block the door to the king's chambers using only her arm, which was then broken. The king escaped into the sewers but was discovered by his assassins and stabbed to death. Queen Joan was present and just managed to escape, although she was herself wounded in the episode. Unforeseen by the king's murderers, the nobility rallied around Queen Joan and her young son James. Regicide, it seemed, remained an unforgivable crime no matter how despised the monarch. The assassins of James I were rounded up, tortured, and executed; one of them was said to have had a burning-hot iron crown placed on his head.
Death & Successor
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https://oa.anu.edu.au/obituary/dobie-james-donald-don-18343
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James Donald (Don) Dobie
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condolence motion
I move:
That the House expresses its deep regret at the death on Monday, 25 November 1996 of the Hon. James Donald (Don) Mathieson Dobie, a member of this House for the division of Hughes from 1966 to 1969, and for the division of Cook from 1969 to 1972 and 1975 to 1996, Assistant Minister to the Prime Minister from 1971 to 1972, Deputy Chairman of Committees from 1970 to 1971, 1979 to 1983 and 1987 to 1994 and member of the Speaker's Panel from 1994 to 1996 and places on record its appreciation of his long and meritorious service and its profound sadness at his passing.
Mr Speaker, Don Dobie was born on 28 July 1927 at Glasgow in Scotland. He was educated at Brisbane Grammar School and went on to complete a Bachelor of Commerce degree at Melbourne University and a Master of Business Administration degree at Columbia University in New York.
Before entering federal politics, Don worked for the old Bank of New South Wales from 1943 to 1966. He also served with the 2nd Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Australian Artillery (Citizen Military Forces) with the rank of gunner between 1951 and 1952. He became a member of the House of Representatives in 1966. I recall having served on his preselection committee, and I can honestly say that I voted for him in the preselection ballot.
Mr Melham—Did you show it to anyone?
Mr Howard—No, there were no deals involved. He won the New South Wales seat of Hughes, defeating the former member for that seat, Les Johnson, who subsequently, I think, returned to parliament. In his maiden speech in this House in February 1967, he placed on record his total commitment to the welfare of his constituents and spoke on a range of issues, including housing finance for young Australians, education and the need to ensure quality of teaching, services for the disabled, and the importance of international trade for Australia's economic future.
Don Dobie was Assistant Minister to the Prime Minister, Mr Bill McMahon, from 1971 to 1972. He was Deputy Chairman of Committees from 1970 to 1971 and 1979 to 1983, Chief Opposition Whip from 1983 to 1985 and a member of the Speaker's Panel from 1994 to 1996.
During his long service in this parliament, Don also contributed greatly to the work of House of Representatives committees, including the Committee on the Environment, Recreation and the Arts, the House Committee, the Privileges Committee, the Long Term Strategies Committee, the Community Affairs Committee and the Members' Interests Committee. He also served on a number of joint committees, including Foreign Affairs and Defence, the Australian Capital Territory, the New Parliament House, the Parliamentary Zone, and Public Accounts.
When a member dies who has recently been with us and therefore was personally known to a large number of people in this House, it is always a little bit different from when one dies who left the parliament a long time ago and may not be personally known to many people. I knew Don for a very long period. As I say, I sat on his preselection committee as the then Liberal Party state executive member representing the St George and Cronulla area of Sydney. I went to his original campaign launch in 1966, which, of course, was the election when Harold Holt led the coalition parties to victory over the Labor Party led for the last time by Arthur Calwell.
Don was a great local member. He had a special affinity with the surf lifesaving movement. He had a very deep connection with the Cronulla Leagues Club. I know many people in that part of Sydney who were very respecting of his work as a local member. He was one of the most unfailingly conscientious local members that you could ever find. No matter what was happening in the electorate of Cook, which he was later to represent, Don would know about it and he would be there. He became a legend so far as local representation was concerned.
I think it is fair to say that, although some of the demographic changes in that part of Sydney would have aided the Liberal Party side of politics, it is also fair to say that Don did build up a significant personal following. All of us are prone to exaggerate the extent of our personal followings and we can all produce some statistics to prove that somehow or other, if it had not been for our outstandingly stunning personalities, there would have been a 10 per cent swing in favour of the other side and the seat would have been lost years ago and, if it was not for a brilliant understanding of the electorate, then it would have been a Labor Party stronghold. Many of those stories, of course, are entirely without any merit and completely fallacious on both sides of politics.
When a huge swing comes along, it sweeps out the good with the bad and the indifferent. Many people on our side of politics discovered that in 1983 and many on the other side discovered that only seven or eight months ago.
Don Dobie did have a following. He had a following because he identified himself with the electorate. Cronulla causes were Dobie causes, and I think he was in that sense a quintessential local member. I know there are many people in the Liberal Party who will want to say something about Don's contribution not only to the Liberal Party but also to the parliament.
Don was one of those characters who lost their seats in 1972 when Gough Whitlam was elected. He was defeated by Ray Thorburn in 1972. I scrutineered the very close count and watched with dismay as Don's tenuous overnight lead of about 45 slipped away and Ray ended up having a win which, if not huge, was comfortable enough.
Don then came back in 1975 and remained a member right through. He survived the swing against the Liberal Party in 1983 which elected the Hawke government and he con tinued to hold his seat with significantly increased majorities in 1987 and 1990. The result he achieved in 1990 was probably, in relative terms, the best result achieved by any Liberal member in New South Wales in what was for us not a particularly good election—we lost; those elections are never particularly good.
Don had many friends, not only in the parliamentary party. In different guises, he and I shared membership of the New South Wales executive of the party over a very long period of time—Don as a parliamentary representative, me as a regional president before I entered parliament in 1974; he as an elected member from the convention of the New South Wales party subsequently and me as party leader and, ultimately, as Prime Minister. Together we attended a couple of meetings of the New South Wales executive subsequent to the election.
I will miss Don. I regret very much that, because of the government's program this morning, I was not able to attend his state funeral at the Cronulla Presbyterian Church. I was represented by my colleague Philip Ruddock. I know that many of Don's former colleagues were there. He was a cheerful soul. He was a good parliamentarian. He was a good Presbyterian. He retained a lot of that stoicism of his Scottish birthplace.
I know he was very devoted to his late mother, whom I had the pleasure of meeting on many occasions. I remember very vividly greeting Don by accident at Sydney airport during the 1984 election campaign. He was hurrying off to, I think, the Gold Coast where his mother lived at the time. He had just received news of her death. Not surprisingly, he was very greatly distressed. His mother was a very active member of the Liberal Party in Queensland.
So for all of those reasons and many others, he will be very greatly missed. I thank him for his service to the people of Hughes and Cook, his service to the Liberal Party and, most importantly, his service to Australia as a member of the national parliament.
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https://www.lakesfuneralhome.com/obituaries/James-Donald-Poynter%3FobId%3D29870990
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Lakes Funeral Home and Cremation Services
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Lakes Funeral Home in Berea, KY provides compassionate and personalized funeral and cremation services. Trust our experienced team... Learn More
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https://s3.amazonaws.com/fh-content/release/Content/Media/TheLakesFuneralHome/favicon.ico
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https://artmag.co.uk/craft-and-design/scottish-stories-are-in-the-weave-with-james-donald/
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Scottish Stories Are In The Weave With James Donald
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James Donald of PickOne produces hand-woven collections for both the apparel and interiors markets using soft Merino lambswool and Shetland yarns.
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ARTMAG
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https://artmag.co.uk/craft-and-design/scottish-stories-are-in-the-weave-with-james-donald/
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Combining contemporary craft practice with traditional techniques, James Donald of PickOne produces hand-woven collections for both the apparel and interiors markets using soft Merino lambswool and Shetland yarns to evoke the Scottish landscape and seascapes. In 2020 James received a life-time achievement award from the Worshipful Company of Weavers for services to weaving.
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https://www.cozeanfuneralhome.com/obituaries/James-Donald-Jim-Gifford%3FobId%3D31862274
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Cozean Memorial Chapel and Crematory
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Cozean Memorial Chapel and Crematory in Farmington, MO provides funeral, memorial, aftercare, preplanning, and cremation services... Learn More
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https://s3.amazonaws.com/fh-content/release/Content/Media/CozeanMemorialChapelandCrematory/favicon.ico
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_diaspora
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Scottish diaspora
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_diaspora
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Emigrants from Scotland and their descendants
Ethnic group
The Scottish diaspora consists of Scottish people who emigrated from Scotland and their descendants. The diaspora is concentrated in countries such as the United States, Canada, Australia, England, New Zealand, Ireland and to a lesser extent Argentina, Chile, and Brazil. The Scottish disapora has been estimated by the Scottish Government to be between 28 and 40 million people worldwide.[1] Other estimates have ranged as high as 80 million.[17]
According to Marjory Harper (2003) of the University of Aberdeen, Scottish emigrants and their descendants have maintained connections to Scotland though formal and informal means including "church, school and Scottish society" and "place names, correspondence, family and community networks, and chain migration".[18] Rogers Brubaker (2005) wrote that immigrants from Scotland have regarded the ancestral homeland as "an authoritative source of value, identity and loyalty".[19] According to Lauren Brancaz (2016) of the Centre for Breton and Celtic Research: "Scottish culture has not been contained within the borders of Scotland. It has lived on in the minds of migrants who have remained attached to it".[20]
Americas
[edit]
Argentina
[edit]
Main article: Scottish Argentines
A Scottish Argentine population has existed at least since 1825.[21] There are an estimated 100,000 Argentines of Scottish ancestry, the most of any country outside the English-speaking world.[22] Scottish Argentines have been incorrectly referred to as English.[23]
Brazil
[edit]
Main article: Scottish Brazilians
Canada
[edit]
Main article: Scottish Canadians
See also: Canadian Gaelic
Scottish people have a long history in Canada, dating back several centuries. Many towns, rivers and mountains have been named in honour of Scottish explorers and traders such as Mackenzie Bay and the major city of Calgary, Alberta, is named after a Scottish beach. Most notably, the Atlantic province of Nova Scotia is Latin for New Scotland. Once Scots formed the vanguard of the movement of Europeans across the continent. In more modern times, emigrants from Scotland have played a leading role in the social, political and economic history of Canada, being prominent in banking, labour unions, and politics.[24]
The first documented Scottish settlement in the Americas was of Nova Scotia (New Scotland) in 1629. On 29 September 1621, the charter for the foundation of a colony was granted by James VI of Scotland to Sir William Alexander.[25] Between 1622 and 1628, Sir William launched four attempts to send colonists to Nova Scotia; all failed for various reasons. A successful occupation of Nova Scotia was finally achieved in 1629. The colony's charter, in law, made Nova Scotia (defined as all land between Newfoundland and New England) a part of mainland Scotland. The Scots have influenced the cultural mix of Nova Scotia for centuries and constitute the largest ethnic group in the province, at 29.3% of its population. Many Scottish immigrants were monoglot Scottish Gaelic speakers from the Gàidhealtachd (Scottish Highlands). Canadian Gaelic was spoken as the first language in much of "Anglophone" Canada, such as Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Glengarry County in Ontario. Gaelic was the third most commonly spoken language in Canada.[26]
As the third-largest ethnic group in Canada and amongst the first Europeans to settle in the country, Scottish people have made a large impact on Canadian culture since colonial times. According to the 2011 Census of Canada, the number of Canadians claiming full or partial Scottish descent is 4,714,970,[27] or 15.10% of the nation's total population.
Chile
[edit]
Main article: Scottish Chileans
A large proportion of Scottish Chileans are sheep farmers in the Magallanes region of the far south of the country, and the city of Punta Arenas has a large Scottish foundation dating back to the 18th century. A famous Scot, Thomas, Lord Cochrane (later 10th Earl of Dundonald) formed the Chilean Navy to help liberate Chile from Spain in the independence period. Chile developed a strong diplomatic relationship with Great Britain and invited more British settlers to the country in the 19th century.
The Chilean government land deals invited settlement from Scotland and Wales in its southern provinces in the 1840s and 1850s. The number of Scottish Chileans is still higher in Patagonia and Magallanes regions. The Mackay School, in Viña del Mar is an example of a school set up by Scottish Chileans. The Scottish and other British Chileans are primarily found in higher education as well in economic management and the country's cultural life.
United States
[edit]
Main article: Scottish Americans
Scottish ancestry in the United States, 1700–2013 Year Ethnic group Population % of total population Ref. 1700 est. Scottish 7,526 3.0% [28][29] 1755 est. Scottish & Scots-Irish 4.0% & 7.0% (11.0%) [28] 1775 est. Scottish & Scots-Irish 6.6% & 7.8% (14.4%) [30] 1790 est. Scottish & Scots-Irish 6.6% & 4.8% (11.4%) [31][32] 1980 Scottish 10,048,816 4.44% [33] 1990 Scottish & Scots-Irish 5,393,581 & 5,617,773 2.2% & 2.3% (4.5%) [34] 2000 Scottish & Scots-Irish 4,890,581 & 4,319,232 1.7% & 1.5% (3.2%) [35] 2010 (ACS) Scottish & Scots-Irish 5,460,679 & 3,257,161 1.9% & 3.1% (5%) [36] 2013 (ACS) Scottish & Scots-Irish 5,310,285 & 2,976,878 1.7% & 1% (2.7%) [36]
The table shows the ethnic Scottish population in the United States from 1700 to 2013. In 1700, the total population of the American colonies was 250,888 of whom 223,071 (89%) were white and 3.0% were ethnically Scottish.[28][29] In the 2000 census, 4.8 million Americans[37] self-reported Scottish ancestry, 1.7% of the total US population. Another 4.3 million self-reported Scots-Irish ancestry, for a total of 9.2 million Americans self-reporting some kind of Scottish descent.
The 2008 US Census 2008 American Community Survey figures showed approximately 5.8 million Americans self-identified as being of Scottish ancestry, and another 3.5 million Scots-Irish, for 9.3 million total.[38] In the 2013 American Community Survey, 5.3 ;million identified as Scottish and another nearly 3 million as of Scots-Irish descent, for about 8.3 million total.[39]
Self-reported numbers are regarded by demographers as massive under-counts, because Scottish ancestry is known to be disproportionately under-reported among the majority of mixed ancestry,[40] and because areas where people reported "American" ancestry were the places where, historically, Scottish and Scots-Irish Protestants settled in North America (that is: along the North American coast, Appalachia, and the Southeastern United States). The number of actual Americans of Scottish descent today is estimated to be 20 to 25 million[41][42][43][44] (up to 8.3% of the total US population), and Scots-Irish, 27 to 30 million[45][46] (up to 10% of the total US population), the subgroups overlapping and not always distinguishable because of their shared ancestral surnames.
Large-scale emigration from Scotland to America began in the 1700s after the Battle of Culloden, when the Clan structures were broken up. Anti-Catholic persecution[47][48] and the Highland Clearances also obliged many Scottish Gaels to emigrate. The Scots went in search of a better life and settled in the thirteen colonies, mainly around South Carolina and Virginia.
The majority of Scots-Irish originally came from Lowland Scotland and the Scottish Borders before migrating to the province of Ulster in Ireland mostly in the 17th century (see Plantation of Ulster) and from there, beginning about five generations later, to North America in large numbers during the 18th century.
Later Scottish Americans descended from 19th-century Scottish immigrants tend to be concentrated in the West, while others in New England are the descendants of immigrants from the Maritime Provinces of Canada, especially in the 1920s.
Americans who identify themselves as of Scottish descent outnumber the population of Scotland, where 4,459,071 or 88.09% of people identified as ethnic Scottish in the 2000 Census.[37][49] There are many US-based Scottish clan societies and other heritage organizations (such as the Saint Andrews societies, Caledonian societies, An Comunn Gàidhealach America, Slighe nan Gàidheal), through which "Scottish migrants have remained attached to their homeland".[50]
Asia-Pacific
[edit]
Australia
[edit]
Main article: Scottish Australians
Scottish ancestry in Australia, 1986–2011 (Census) Year Population Percent of pop. Ref 1986 740,522 4.7% [51] 2001 540,046 2.9% [51] 2006 1,501,200 7.6% [52][53] 2011 1,792,622 8.3% [53][54]
A steady rate of Scottish immigration continued into the 20th century, with substantial numbers of Scots continued to arrive after 1945.[55][page needed] From 1900 until the 1950s, Scots favoured New South Wales, as well as Western Australia and Southern Australia.[citation needed] A strong cultural Scottish presence is evident in the Highland games, dance, Tartan day celebrations, Clan and Gaelic speaking societies found throughout modern Australia.
According to the 2011 Australian census 130,204 Australian residents were born in Scotland,[56] while 1,792,600 claimed Scottish ancestry, either alone or in combination with another ancestry.[6] This is the fourth most commonly nominated ancestry and represents over 8.9% of the total population of Australia.
New Zealand
[edit]
Main article: Scottish New Zealanders
Scottish migration to New Zealand dates back to the earliest period of European colonisation, with a large proportion of Pākehā New Zealanders being of Scottish descent.[57] However, identification as "British" or "European" New Zealanders can sometimes obscure their origin. Many Scottish New Zealanders also have Māori or other non-European ancestry.
The majority of Scottish immigrants settled in the South Island. All over New Zealand, the Scots developed different means to bridge the old homeland and the new. Many Caledonian societies were formed, well over 100 by the early twentieth century, who helped maintain Scottish culture and traditions. From the 1860s, these societies organised annual Caledonian Games throughout New Zealand. The games were sports meets that brought together Scottish settlers and the wider New Zealand public. In so doing, the games gave Scots a path to cultural integration as Scottish New Zealanders.[58]
The Lay Association of the Free Church of Scotland founded Dunedin at the head of Otago Harbour in 1848 as the principal town of its Scottish settlement. The name comes from Dùn Èideann, the Scottish Gaelic name for Edinburgh, the Scottish capital.[59] Charles Kettle, the city's surveyor, instructed to emulate the characteristics of Edinburgh, produced a striking, "Romantic" design. [60] The result was both grand and quirky streets as the builders struggled and sometimes failed to construct his bold vision across the challenging landscape. Captain William Cargill, a veteran of the war against Napoleon, was the secular leader. The Reverend Thomas Burns, a nephew of the poet Robert Burns, was the spiritual guide.
Europe
[edit]
Denmark
[edit]
In 1570–1630, some 6,000 Scots served as mercenary soldiers of Denmark.
England
[edit]
As England is Scotland's only land neighbour, there has been significant Scottish migration to England since the Union of the Crowns in 1603. London now has two Church of Scotland congregations, the ScotsCare charity (formerly the Royal Scottish Corporation), and Scottish social clubs. Corby has a significant Scottish population due to its historic steel industry.[citation needed]
France
[edit]
In 1570–1630, some 11,000 Scots served as mercenary soldiers of France.
William Davidson (c. 1593–c. 1669) was an authority on medicine, pharmacy and chemistry in France, court doctor of the French king, and the first native of the British Isles to become a professor of chemistry in France.[62]
Ireland
[edit]
Main article: Ulster Scots people
See also: Plantations of Ireland and Gallowglass
The Ulster-Scots, commonly known as Scots-Irish outside of Ireland, are an ethnic group in Ireland, found mostly in the Ulster region and to a lesser extent in the rest of Ireland. Their ancestors were mostly Protestant Lowland Scottish migrants, the largest numbers coming from Galloway, Lanarkshire, Stirlingshire, and Ayrshire, although some came from the Scottish Borders region, and others from further north in the Scottish Lowlands (Perthshire and the North East) and also to a lesser extent from the Highlands.
These Scots migrated to Ireland in large numbers both as a result of the government-sanctioned Plantation of Ulster and the previous and contemporary settlement of Scots in Antrim and Down by James Hamilton, Hugh Montgomery, and Lord Randal MacDonnell; the former a planned process of colonisation beginning in 1610 which took place under the auspices of King James I on land confiscated from members of the Gaelic nobility of Ireland who fled Ulster, and the latter a private scheme beginning in 1606, but also authorised by King James. These arrivals joined other Scots already in the area from centuries of smaller-scale immigration by Scottish gallowglass mercenaries and their families.
Ulster-Scots emigrated onwards from Ireland in significant numbers to what is now the United States and to all corners of the then-worldwide British Empire; Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, the West Indies, British India, and to a lesser extent Argentina and Chile. Scotch-Irish (or Scots-Irish) is a traditional term for Ulster-Scots in North America.
Lithuania
[edit]
The Scots, forming a significant diaspora in Poland (see Poland section below), rarely settled in the Lithuanian part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, however, they conducted trade there, and there were Scottish communities in Kėdainiai and Słuck.[64] Out of gratitude for the opportunity to settle in Kėdainiai, the Scottish burghers funded scholarships for students from Lithuania at the University of Edinburgh.[65]
Poland
[edit]
From as far back as the mid-16th century, historical records document the presence of Scots trading, serving as mercenary soldiers, and settling in Poland.[66] The vast majority were traders, from wealthy merchants to the thousands of pedlars who ensured that the term szot became synonymous in the Polish language with "tinker".[67][page needed] A "Scotch Pedlar's Pack in Poland" became a proverbial expression. It usually consisted of cloths, woollen goods and linen kerchiefs (head coverings). Itinerants also sold tin utensils and ironware such as scissors and knives. By 1562 the community was sizeable enough that the Scots, along with the Italians, were recognized by the Sejm as traders whose activities were harming Polish cities; in 1566, they were banned from roaming and peddling their wares.[68]
However, from the 1570s onward, it was recognized that such bans were ineffectual. A heavy tax was placed upon them instead. Thomas Chamberlayne, an English eyewitness, described them disapprovingly in a 1610 letter to Robert Cecil, Earl of Salisbury, stating that "[t]hese Scotts for the most parte are height landers [i.e. highlanders] men of noe credit, a Company of pedeling knaves..."[69] Linked to some degree of persecution and their role in the Danzig uprising, protection (and by extension, a form of control) was offered by King Stephen Báthory in the Royal Grant of 1576, assigning Scottish immigrants to a district in Kraków. By the first half of the 17th century, the affairs of the Scottish community were regulated by twelve Brotherhoods with seats across various Polish cities; this included a tribunal that met to adjudicate disputes in the Royal city of Toruń.[67][page needed] In 1603, the office of the Scottish General (Generał Szkocki) was created to collect taxes and organize the judiciary over all Scots in Poland, with Captain Abraham Young appointed by King Sigismund III Vasa as the first superior.
Scottish mercenary soldiers first served in large numbers in the late 1570s. Many were former traders. According to Spytko Wawrzyniec Jordan, one of King Stephen Báthory's captains, they were former pedlars who, "having abandoned or sold their booths ... buckle on their sword and shoulder their musket; they are infantry of unusual quality, although they look shabby to us ... 2000 Scots are better than 6000 of our own infantry."[71] It is possible that the shift from peddling to military occupations was connected to the implementation of heavy taxation on pedlars in the 1570s. Scottish mercenary soldiers were recruited specifically by King Stephen Báthory following his experience with them in forces raised by Danzig against him in 1577.[67][page needed] Báthory commented favourably upon the Scots and expressed a wish for them to be recruited in campaigns that he was planning against Muscovy. A steady stream of Scots soldiers served the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from this point forward.
Records from 1592 mention Scots settlers granted citizenship of Kraków, and give their employment as trader or merchant. Fees for citizenship ranged from 12 Polish florins to a musket and gunpowder, or an undertaking to marry within a year and a day of acquiring a holding.
By the 17th century, an estimated 30,000 to 40,000 Scots lived in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.[72] Many came from Dundee and Aberdeen.[citation needed] The largest Scottish communities could be found in Gdańsk, Kraków, Lublin, Lwów, Poznań, Warsaw and Zamość, and sizeable numbers of Scots also lived in Brzeziny, Bydgoszcz, Człopa, Krosno, Łobżenica, Raciąż, Sieradz, Sierpc, Tarnów, Tuchola, Wałcz, Warta and Zakroczym. Small communities also existed in Biały Bór, Borek Wielkopolski, Brody, Chojnice, Czarne, Człuchów, Gniew, Gostyń, Iłża, Jedlińsk, Koronowo, Opole Lubelskie, Puck, Skoki, Starogard, Szamotuły, Szydłowiec, Świecie and Węgrów.[75][76][77] Settlers from Aberdeenshire were mainly Episcopalians or Catholics, but there were also large numbers of Calvinists. As well as Scottish traders, there were also many Scottish soldiers in Poland. In 1656, a number of Scottish highlanders travelled to Poland, serving under the King of Sweden in his war against it.
The Scots integrated well and many acquired great wealth. They contributed to many charitable institutions in the host country, but did not forget their homeland; for example, in 1701 when collections were made for the restoration fund of the Marischal College, Aberdeen, Scottish settlers in Poland gave generously.[citation needed]
Many royal grants and privileges were granted to Scottish merchants until the 18th century, at which time the settlers began to merge more and more into the native population. Charles Edward Stuart ("Bonnie Prince Charlie") was half Polish, since he was the son of James Francis Edward Stuart, the "Old Pretender", and Maria Clementina Sobieska, granddaughter of John III Sobieski, king of Poland.[78][79][failed verification][80] In 1691, the City of Warsaw elected the Scottish immigrant Aleksander Czamer (Alexander Chalmers) as its mayor.[81]
There are places named after the Scottish settlers in Poland, i.e. Stare Szkoty ("Old Scots"), a former suburb of Gdańsk, today a neighborhood within the city limits, inhabited by Scots since the 15th and 16th centuries, and the village of Szkocja ("Scotland"), founded in 1823.[83][84]
In 1879, Scottish specialists were brought to Warsaw to run a newly established hornware factory of Polish industrialist Ludwik Józef Krasiński [pl].[85]
In the 2011 Polish census, 632 people declared Scottish nationality.[86]
Notable people include:
James Murray (c. 1500s – c. 1600s), naval captain and shipbuilder
Robert Abercromby (1536–1613), Jesuit missionary, lecturer at the Collegium Hosianum in Braniewo
William Bruce (c. 1560–after 1613), professor and lecturer at the Zamoyski Academy in Zamość, later diplomat of King James VI of Scotland.
William Davidson (c. 1593–c. 1669), court doctor of King John II Casimir Vasa of Poland[62]
Robert Gilbert Porteous [pl] (c. 1600–1661), wealthiest merchant of 17th-century Krosno
Patrick Gordon (1635–1699), student of the Collegium Hosianum, officer in the Polish Army
Alexander Chalmers (1645–1703), merchant, jurist, city mayor in Warsaw
Sweden
[edit]
In 1570–1630, some 30,000 Scots served as mercenary soldiers of Sweden.
See also
[edit]
Scotland portal
English-speaking world
European diaspora
Celtic diaspora (disambiguation)
References
[edit]
Bibliography
[edit]
Feduszka, Jacek (2009). "Szkoci i Anglicy w Zamościu w XVI-XVIII wieku". Czasy Nowożytne (in Polish). Vol. 22. Zarząd Główny Polskiego Towarzystwa Historycznego. ISSN 1428-8982.
Wijaczka, Jacek (2010). "Szkoci". In Kopczyński, Michał; Tygielski, Wojciech (eds.). Pod wspólnym niebem. Narody dawnej Rzeczypospolitej (in Polish). Warszawa: Muzeum Historii Polski, Bellona. ISBN 978-83-11-11724-2.
External link
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James Donald, Actor, dies at 76; Often Portrayed Military Officers
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James Donald, a British stage, screen and television actor known for his film portrayals of military officers, died on Aug. 3 at his home in Wiltshire in southwestern England, the British press reported last week. He was 76.
He had been in failing health and had long suffered from asthma, The Daily Telegraph said.
Mr. Donald served in British Army intelligence for part of World War II and went on to play a British Army doctor, Major Clifton, in the 1957 movie "The Bridge on the River Kwai." The film is about prisoners of war in Burma while it was occupied by Japan.
He won critical praise in the United States for his portrayal of the doctor, who talks reasonably to the prisoners' obsessive, militaristic leader -- played by Alec Guinness -- who insists on building a bridge conscientiously for their Japanese captors.
"Must we work so well?" Mr. Donald asks him. "Must we build a better bridge than they could do themselves?" Prisoners of War
The Times of London, reviewing Mr. Donald's career last week, observed that "the part was considered one of his finest film performances." He appeared in more than two dozen other films, including "The Great Escape" (1963) and "King Rat" (1965), both about prisoners of war, and "Conduct Unbecoming" (1975), about military life.
He was lauded by critics in the United States for his quiet but moving depiction of Vincent van Gogh's brother, Theo, in the 1956 film "Lust for Life."
Mr. Donald's stage appearances in the United States included playing a blue-blooded writer in the Broadway mystery drama "Write Me a Murder," which opened at the Belasco Theater in 1961.
He also appeared repeatedly on American television in the 1950's and 1960's. In 1958, he donned a uniform to play the captain in a live CBS production of "Billy Budd," Herman Melville's tale of conflict and tragedy at sea.
Mr. Donald was born in Aberdeen, Scotland, the son of a Presbyterian minister, and studied at McGill and Edinburgh universities and the London Theater Studio. His comedic acting in 1943 in Noel Coward's play "Present Laughter" made him well known in Britain.
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Sieh dir auf Facebook Beiträge, Fotos und vieles mehr an.
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Person:James Donald (11)
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"England",
"Ann Donald (1)",
"Colin Donald (4)",
"Colin Donald (5)",
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"Gertrude Donald (1)",
"Harry Donald (1)",
"Janet Donald (2)"
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Watchers
no watchers
Browse
Donald
in Glasgow
Family tree▼
F. Colin Dunlop Donald1777 - 1859
M. Marion Stirling1785 - Abt 1825
m.
Thomas Donald1813 - 1887
John Stirling Donald1814 - 1900
Colin Dunlop Donald1815 - 1886
James Donald1816 - 1896
Janet Donald1818 -
Martha Matilda Donald1820 -
Marianne Donald1822 -
Mary Donald1823 - 1886
William Donald1824 - 1877
Ann Grahame Donald1825 -
Facts and Events
Name James Donald Gender Male Birth Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Scotland Christening Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Scotland Marriage Strand Registration District, London, Englandto Louisa Ruth Edwards Death
James, the 4th son, married a Miss Edwards (old country houses of the old Glasgow gentry).
References
International Genealogical Index. ( The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saint, 1999-2008).
Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Scotland (Extracted records) (25)
FHL Film 102918 +, 1815/1818.
Extract: Vital Records Index - British Isles - Second Edition
Christening event for: James DONALD
Gender: Male
Birth Date: 3 Nov 1816
Birthplace: , Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland
Recorded in: Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Scotland
Father: Colin Dunlop DONALD
Mother: Marianne STIRLING
Source: FHL Film 102918 + Dates: 1815 - 1818
Old country houses of the old Glasgow gentry.
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Lieutenant William James Donald Canadian Infantry. Died Saturday 28 September 1918
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First World War casualty details for Lieutenant William James Donald Canadian Infantry. Date of death Saturday 28 September 1918 (aged 24)
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A Street Near You
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Latest update
This site was created in November 2018. In its first three days it saw over 240,000 visits, and to date has had over one million visitors. Read more about how it was created and its subsequent success.
Previously I posted an appeal for additional funds to cover hosting costs and I am hugely grateful to those who donated. If you want to contribute to the ongoing running of the site, I am of course happy to take donations towards the cost!
About
Whilst this personal project started simply as an experiment to explore the local legacy of the First World War, but at a global scale, it has struck me that it is much more than that. At the heart of it is the legacy of those who died in the conflict, and especially the scale of the imapct that that would have had on their local communities, it would also never have been possible without the significant legacy created by those who remained, from the families who sent in photographs of their loved ones and which formed the Imperial War Museum's founding Bond of Sacrifice Collection, through the people who diligently compiled official records in the early 1920s and which formed the Commonwealth War Graves Commission's records, right up to the modern-day professionals, volounteers and individuals who have shaped these records, shared them, and also significantly increased and enriched them, especially under the guise of First World War Centenary projects like Lives of the First World War
Data and Sources
This project currently contains records for over one million men and women who died whilst serving in the First World War, with over 600,000 locations worldwide, tens of thousands of images, cemeteries, war memorials and much more. It simply wouldn't exist without the core assets that it draws on, enriched by additional information from and links to countless further sources.
Core data sources - personal records and images
Lives of the First World War - IWM's unique project enabling everyone to share their information, stories and images to compile Life Stories "on nearly 8 million men and women who served in uniform and worked on the home front".
Commonwealth War Graves Commission - a unique online collection of the details of every serviceman or woman. Many of the locations here are extracted from what they call the 'Additional information' field, which typically contains text such as "Son of Samuel and Sarah Morley, of Derby; husband of F. M. Morley, of 113, Peel St., Ashbourne Rd., Derby.". Note that this information was collected sevral years after the end of the war and it does not necessarily represent an address that the person had lived at.
Imperial War Museums Collections - one of the richest collections of First World War objects and images, most notably in this context the Bond of Sacrifice Collection and the Women's War Work Collection, togther comprising images of nearly 20,000 individuals who served
Core data sources - war memorials
War Memorial Register - another unique record set from the Imperial War Museum, comprising records of over 78,000 memorials in the British Isles, together with listings of over one million names that appear on them.
Places of Pride, the National Register of War Memorials (Australia) - over 1,000 records from across Australia, almost all having photographs and additional information
New South Wales War Memorials Register - The register includes over 3,500 memorials in total, with over 2,000 relating to the First World War. Each record has additional information and most have images. Many include lists of those commemorated
New Zealand Memorials Register - over 1,000 records from across New Zealand, typically with photographs and additional information
Core data sources - portraits
With specific regards to the portrait images, these are primarliy, but not exclusively, from one of three sources - the incredible Bond of Sacrifice Collection, the Women's War Work Collection (both Imperial War Museums), or uploaded by volunteers and individuals to the Lives of the First World War site (which itself is run by IWM). I am grateful to them for making all these available under a non-commercial license. As an example of an additional image source, the Royal Welch Fusiliers Museum has provided over 2,000 portraits under an open license.
Additional information and statistics on the depth and breadth of sources
Additional credits - software and mapping resources
Map tiles: © ESRI World Topographic
Leaflet, the powerful open-source JavaScript library for mobile-friendly interactive maps.
Contributing records, reporting errors
The data currently presented has all been extracted from official records or from user contributions to the Lives of the First World War site. I would strongly encourage anyone who wants to add further details to find the Life Story of the person and add details there, which can then in future be added to this site
The inherrent nature of historic records and using modern automated tools to extract information means there are bound to be issues. I will shortly be adding a 'report error' link to each record that can be used to flag an issue and will be queued up ready to be investigated and fixed. I'm afraid as this is a personal project created in my own time, I cannot respond to individual requests right now.
Contact
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Though often considered Anglo-Canadians, the Scots have always regarded themselves as a separate people. The Scots have immigrated to Canada in steady and subst...
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https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/scots
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Migration and Settlement
The Kingdom of Scotland established one of the earliest colonies in Canada in 1621, when Sir William Alexander was granted a charter for Nova Scotia. Alexander established small settlements on Cape Breton Island and at the Bay of Fundy, but they did not flourish, and Scottish claims were surrendered to France in 1632. A few Scots immigrated to New France, but the major early movement of Scots to Canada was a small flow of men from Orkney — beginning around 1720 — recruited by the Hudson’s Bay Company for service in the West. Soldiers from the Highlands of Scotland comprised the crack regiments of the British army that defeated the French in the Seven Years’ War. Many soldiers remained in North America, and Scots merchants moved to Québec after 1759 where they dominated commercial life and the fur trade.
Between 1770 and 1815, some 15,000 Highland Scots came to Canada, settling mainly in Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia (see Hector), and Upper Canada. Most of these immigrants came from the western Highlands or the islands of Scotland. They were almost exclusively Gaelic speaking (see Celtic Languages) and many were Roman Catholic. They congregated in agrarian communities in the new land and, in the early years of the 19th century, Gaelic was the third most common European language spoken in Canada. A few Highlanders were brought to the Red River Colony by the Earl of Selkirk. Other Scots from the fur trade moved with their Aboriginal families to Red River after 1821 (see Métis). In all of these communities, Highland traditions were preserved and for many years they remained distinctive ethnic enclaves.
After 1815, Scottish immigration increased and its pattern altered. Scots from the Lowlands area, encouraged by the British government, joined Highlanders in coming to Canada. Some 170,000 Scots crossed the Atlantic between 1815 and 1870, roughly 14 percent of the total British migration of this period. By the 1850s, most of the newcomers were settling in the Province of Canada rather than in Maritime colonies (see Atlantic Provinces). According to the 1871 census, 157 of every 1,000 Canadians were of Scottish origin, ranging from 4.1 percent of the population in Québec to 33.7 percent in Nova Scotia.
These immigrants represented a cross-section of the Scottish population. Most were farmers and artisans, although large numbers of business and professional people were included, especially teachers and clergymen. Most of the newcomers were Presbyterian and most spoke English. They tended to live and fraternize together and were particularly active in establishing schools (e.g., the St. John's College in Red River, Manitoba) that emphasized training for the talented (see School Systems).
Since 1870, patterns of Scottish immigration and settlement have changed significantly, reflecting shifts in both Scotland and Canada. When population pressures in the Highland region lessened, Highlanders no longer immigrated to Canada in substantial numbers. In the Scottish Lowlands, urbanization and industrialization reduced the agricultural component of the population. The percentage of farmers among immigrants to Canada fell correspondingly.
Meanwhile in Canada, burgeoning manufacturing and cities attracted Scottish immigrants. Still, many made their way to the last great agricultural frontier in Western Canada. The flow of people from Scotland to Canada continued unabated, however. From 1871 to 1901, 80,000 Scots entered Canada seeking a better future, 240,000 arrived in the first years of the 20th century, 200,000 more between 1919 and 1930 and another 147,000 between 1946 and 1960.
Economic and Political Life
Scots were highly visible in politics and business. Men such as James Glenie and John Neilson often led the criticism of elitist political structures, although other Scots such as John Strachan were members of the elite. The first two Canadian prime ministers — Sir John A. Macdonald and Alexander Mackenzie — were born in Scotland.
Scots were also very active in business. They dominated the fur trade, the timber trade, bankingand railway management. In 1779, Scots businessmen of Montréal (including Simon McTavish, Isaac Todd and James McGill) founded the North West Company (NWC) in order to compete with the Hudson's Bay Company’s (HBC) fur trade monopoly. Quickly, the NWC took two-thirds of the market. The struggle between the two companies at times turned violent, but in 1821, the NWC and HBC merged. Several "lumber kings" who dominated the exploitation and transportation of logs in the Ottawa Valley (see Ottawa River), such as James MacLaren, came from Scotland. The Bank of Montreal (1818) and the Canadian Pacific Railway(1881) are also successful businesses that were created by Scottish businessmen. Nearly 50 per cent of the nation's industrial leaders in the 1880s were of recent Scottish origins.
Education
Success in business generated great fortunes that benefitted the greater community. When merchant James McGill died he left behind his estate and an endowment of £10,000. McGill University was founded by that endowment in 1821. Other Montréal philanthropists of Scottish heritage include Peter Redpath, Lord Stratcona, Sir William Christopher Macdonald, John Molson Jr. and William Molson. McGill University, as many other buildings in Montréal were designed by Scottish architects.
In the Maritimes, the Scots created many educational institutions. This is the case with Dalhousie College in Halifax (later Dalhousie University), founded by George Ramsay in 1818. St. Francis Xavier University in Antigonish was founded by the Catholic Bishop Colin Francis MacKinnon in 1853. In Ontario, Queen's College in Kingston (now Queen's University) was created in 1841 by the Presbyterian Church in collaboration with the Church of Scotland.
It was largely because of their influence that the preponderant culture in Canada was British — rather than English — and that distinctive Scottish patterns can be discerned in Canadian education and moral attitudes, e.g., Sabbath observance and temperance. Scottish moral philosophers strongly influenced philosophical teaching in Canada.
Social and Cultural Life
Scots established their own institutions across the country. In Montréal, they created social and sport clubs (Beaver Club, The Royal Montreal Curling Club, Royal Montreal Golf Club), hospitals (Montreal General Hospital), mutual assistance societies and cultural associations (St. Andrew's Society of Montreal) and even an infantry battalion, which became the Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) of Canada. The formation of these institutions occurred often very early in the history of Canadian cities. Thus, St. Andrew's and Caledonian Society of Vancouver was founded the same year as the city, in 1886.
Several Canadian place names refer to Scottish culture and personalities of Scottish origin. The word Calgary, of Gaelic origin, means "bay farm" or possibly "Kali's garden," while the Mackenzie River is named in honor of the explorer Sir Alexander Mackenzie, the first European to travel the full length of the river in 1789.
Scottish culture has also captured the imagination of Canadian literature. The stories of the great travelers and explorers of Scottish origin, such as Alexander Henry and Mackenzie, are the subject of numerous re-editions (see Exploration Literature). In the early 20th century, Ralph Connor (Charles William Gordon), a pastor of Glengarry County in Ontario was the most widely read Canadian author. His novels (including Glengarry School Days) sold more than 5 million copies. The Scotch (1964) written by economist John Kenneth Galbraith is an entertaining account of his boyhood environment in a small Scottish community in Elgin County. The father of Canadian Animation, Norman McLaren is also of Scottish origin.
Cultural Conservation
Like most immigrant groups, the Scots have shunned the Atlantic region and Québec since 1870, moving instead to Ontario and the West. A substantial population of Scottish origin in the Maritime Provinces is Canadian-born. Newfoundland, like Québec, has never had a significant Scottish population. Scots are widely distributed across the remaining provinces and territories in both urban and rural communities.
Like most ethnic groups in Canada, the Scots have become increasingly assimilated into Canadian society, although still retaining an awareness of their distinctive heritage. Like other ethnic groups as well, the Scots have tended to focus on a few highly visible symbols of their origins, such as clans, tartans, Highland dancing and curling. Since 1819, the Highland Games are held in various Scottish communities in Canada. This tradition, where sport competition, dance and music come together, now forms an integral part of Canadian culture. In Montréal, the St. Andrew Society organizes annual balls, dinners and public lectures to celebrate the Scottish heritage of the city. The Society also presents Whisky-Fête, a fundraiser to support and create a Chair in Canadian-Scottish Studies at McGill University. Finally, on 25 January, Canadians of Scottish descent gather to celebrate the birth of Scottish poet Robert Burns (1759–1796), the author of the famous unofficial Scots anthem, "Scots Wha Hae". Called "Robbie Burns Day", it is an opportunity to hear the bagpipes, see Scotsmen in kilts and eat the Scottish national dish, haggis.
The number of Gaelic speakers has declined in Canada as it has in Scotland. A few thousand people, mainly in Cape Breton, keep the language alive in Canada. However, the Nova Scotia Office of Gaelic Affairs estimated in 2007 that there were 2,000 Nova Scotians who spoke Scottish Gaelic. Proud of this heritage, the Nova Scotia government has implemented various measures to promote and preserve the language. In 1997, the Ministry of Education developed a curriculum centered on Gaelic culture for high schools. Bilingual road signs (in English and Gaelic) were also developed and implemented in 2006 at the initiative of the Ministry of Transport and Public Works in the localities of the province where the Gaelic tradition is still alive.
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