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a79f2648-f118-4755-b071-acbed8aad2c0
| 2 |
It is suggested that adenosine modulates fat cell cAMP production and may contribute to the antilipolytic effect of acidosis. There was a curvilinear relationship between cAMP elevation and glycerol production in fat cell suspensions, which was different at pH 7.4 and at pH 6.6. The amount of cAMP needed for half-maximal activation of lipolysis increased from 1.3
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a79f2648-f118-4755-b071-acbed8aad2c0
| 3 |
(pH 7.4) to 3.1 pMol X 10(-5) cells (pH 6.6). The maximal glycerol production was reduced from 1 300 to 900 nMol X 10(-5) cells. The antilipolytic effect of acidosis is apparently due partly to an inhibition of cAMP formation and partly to inhibition of subsequent step(s) in the activation sequence.
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c9562353-3e8e-4838-a0e4-f6378f6b2381
| 0 |
Modification of the gastric secretory response to sham feeding by acidification of the antrum and the duodenum in dogs. The effect of closure of a gastric cannula on the acid response to sham feeding was studied in Pavlov-pouch dogs with intact antro-duodenal regions as well as in antrectomized dogs with gastroduodenostomies.
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c9562353-3e8e-4838-a0e4-f6378f6b2381
| 1 |
In the latter dogs, the sham feeding response was augmented by infusions of low doses of exogenous gastrin. The acid output after sham feeding in intact dogs was reduced on average by 59% by closure of the gastric cannula. In antrectomized dogs receiving a back-ground stimulation with gastrin, the response to ham feeding was not inhibited by closure of the cannula.
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c9562353-3e8e-4838-a0e4-f6378f6b2381
| 2 |
The results suggest that the observed hypersecretory response to sham feeding after diversion of gastric acid from antrum and duodenum is mainly due to inactivation of antral inhibitory mechanisms. The pepsin secretion following sham feeding was not consistently changed by closure of the gastric cannula.
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3e5e3682-1c56-4fc4-9cad-de7e8ae049da
| 0 |
Beta adrenergic dilator component of the sympathetic vascular response in skeletal muscle. Influence on the micro-circulation and on transcapillary exchange. A neurogenic beta-adrenergic vasodilatation in skeletal muscle has been indicated by some recent investigations. The present study describes the extent to which this neurogenic beta-dilator mechanism contributes to the integrated vascular response in consecutive sections of the muscle vascular bed during sympathetic nerve activation.
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3e5e3682-1c56-4fc4-9cad-de7e8ae049da
| 1 |
This was done by studying the vascular reactions to graded sympathetic stimulation (1-16 Hz) before and after beta-adrenoceptor blockade. Beta-blockade did not influence significantly the sympathetically induced changes of total muscle vascular resistance or capacitance. Vascular tone in the "micro-vessels" during stimulation was, however, clearly more pronounced in the beta-blocked than in the non-blocked region, as revealed by segmental resistance analysis and by determination of precapillary sphincter tone (CFC).
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3e5e3682-1c56-4fc4-9cad-de7e8ae049da
| 2 |
In addition, beta-blockade markedly reduced the net transcapillary absorption of extravascular fluid evoked by nerve activation. This effect could be ascribed to the mentioned influence on the precapillary sphincters, leading to a decrease of the number of capillaries available for transcapillary exchange, and to a limitation of the nerve induced fall of capillary hydrostatic pressure.
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3e5e3682-1c56-4fc4-9cad-de7e8ae049da
| 3 |
The described effects of alpha-blockade were observed at all rates of sympathetic stimulation.--The conclusion was reached that the beta-adrenergic dilator component of the sympathetic vascular response in skeletal muscle significantly modifies the alpha-adrenergic constriction in the micro-vessels. It is suggested that, in the intact organism, this neurogenic beta-dilator mechanism is primarily aimed at improving the transcapillary exchange.
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e23f94a6-2190-44ad-b418-1e1d10b55576
| 0 |
Haematologic adaptation in patients with chronic bronchitis and pulmonary insufficiency. The relationship between respiratory insufficiency, expressed by gas tensions in blood and bone marrow, and haematologic adaptation has been studied in 82 men with chronic bronchitis and persistent breathlessness for at least one year. For the group as a whole and for various subgroups, a linear correlation was demonstrated between arterial hypoxia and Hb concentration, haematocrit, blood volume, Hb mass and erythrocyte volume, respectively.
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e23f94a6-2190-44ad-b418-1e1d10b55576
| 1 |
The increase in Hb concentration compensated for the fall in arterial oxygen saturation. Only for one subgroup, with a pH difference between arterial and venous blood larger than or equal to 0.08, was no correlation found between the degree of hypoxia and Hb concentration. The haematologic parameters correlated significantly better with arterial oxygen tensions than with oxygen tensions in the bone marrow.
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e23f94a6-2190-44ad-b418-1e1d10b55576
| 2 |
There was no indication that decreased oxygen supply to the bone marrow led to the increased erythrocyte and Hb production in patients with arterial hypoxia caused by chronic bronchitis.
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4a9b3df5-fb1e-48cc-8d36-690d16f968d2
| 0 |
Pattern of enzyme activity following acute myocardial infarction with special reference to gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. The present study on 55 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) draws attention to the relationship between different enzyme maxima in AMI, with special reference to serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (S-GT).
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4a9b3df5-fb1e-48cc-8d36-690d16f968d2
| 1 |
In more than 60% of the patients the S-GT was increased during the hospital stay. The S-GT rise nearly always began during the first days, reached a maximum within 5--8 days and normalized with 2--3 weeks. We failed to find the late increase in S-GT reported by others.
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4a9b3df5-fb1e-48cc-8d36-690d16f968d2
| 2 |
The rise of S-GT is particularly common in patients with inferior infarction, with or without right ventricular involvement. We conclude that S-GT activity is not a useful early or late indicator of AMI but a very sensitive test for hepatic dysfunction in patients with AMI.
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3f211f2e-e501-42d5-90e3-f58759755207
| 0 |
Diamine oxydase in rabbit small intestine: separations from a soluble monoamine oxidase, properties and pathophysiological significance in intestinal ischemia. From all mammals investigated so far only in rabbits diamine oxidase could not be detected in any tissue except the gut. Thus this species was chosen for studying the physiological and pathophysiological function of this enzyme in the gastrointestinal tract.
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3f211f2e-e501-42d5-90e3-f58759755207
| 1 |
By gel filtration on Sephadex G 50 and G 200 the enzyme was purified 100-fold, separated from a soluble monoamine oxidase, and the properties of the two enzymes were determined. Diamine oxidase from rabbit small intestine deaminated putrecine (Km = 1.3 times 10(-4) M, pH-optimum 6.4
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3f211f2e-e501-42d5-90e3-f58759755207
| 2 |
-6.9) and histamine (Km = 8 times 10(-5) M, pH-optimum 7.5), but not serotonin, and was inhibited by aminoguanidine, but not by pargyline. Soluble monoamine oxidase from rabbit small intestine catabolized serotonin (Km = 1.8 times 10(-4) M, pH-optimum 8.8
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3f211f2e-e501-42d5-90e3-f58759755207
| 3 |
) but not putrescine and histamine, and was inhibited by pargyline, but not by aminoguanidine. Based on its properties in vitro intestinal diamine oxidase could inactivate the vasoactive biogenic amine histamine in vivo. To confirm this hypothesis, in rabbits the small intestine was damaged severely by inducing total intestinal ischemia, which occurs as mesenteric infarction also in human subjects and is accompanied by histamine release.
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3f211f2e-e501-42d5-90e3-f58759755207
| 4 |
Treatment with aminoguanidine and ischemia killed the animals 3-times faster than ischemia alone, which supported our hypothesis on a protective role of intestinal diamine oxidase against histamine.
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c541f653-e8d5-431b-8d73-1465394753f3
| 0 |
Myocardial ischemia and cell acidosis: Modification by alkali and the effects on ventricular function and cation composition. Myocardial cell pH was measured with 5, 5 dimethyl-2, 4-oxazolidinedione (DMO) in intact anesthetized dogs by a transient indicator dilution technique. Bolus injections of labeled DMO, vascular, extracellular and water indicators were made into the left anterior descending coronary artery, and blood samples were collected from the great cardiac vein.
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c541f653-e8d5-431b-8d73-1465394753f3
| 1 |
The steady state distribution of DMO between cells and plasma was calculated from the mean transit times of the indicator. Normal myocardial cell pH averaged 6.94 and changed by 58% of the concomitant alterations in plasma pH after infusions of acid or alkali. Myocardial ischemia induced by inflation of a balloon tip catheter in the left anterior descending coronary artery resulted in progressive decreases in cell pH to 6.59
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c541f653-e8d5-431b-8d73-1465394753f3
| 2 |
by 1 hour. Infusions of sodium carbonate diminished intracellular acidosis. Hemodynamic studies during 4 hours of ischemia with blood pH at 7.55 to 7.60 indicated a significantly reduced left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and increased stroke volume by comparison with findings in animals given infusions of saline solution. Ventriculograms revealed improved wall motion in the ischemic segment after infusion of alkali.
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c541f653-e8d5-431b-8d73-1465394753f3
| 3 |
Precordial mapping showed a significant reduction in the number of leads with S-T segment elevation as well as in the sum of S-T segment elevations, but R wave amplitudes did not differ from those in control studies. Calculations of extracellular space, tissue water and cation content revealed a reduced gain of cell sodium ion and loss of cell potassium ion during ischemia after alkali treatment.
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c541f653-e8d5-431b-8d73-1465394753f3
| 4 |
The latter may account for the S-T segment responses, whereas enhanced ventricular performance may be related to reduced competition of hydrogen ion with calcium ion for binding sites on contractile protein.
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be4c734e-d2df-461a-a3f4-90bece201beb
| 0 |
Effects of allopurinol, propranolol and methylprednisolone on infarct size in experimental myocardial infarction. With use of a canine model of occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery and an intracellular lactic dehydrogenase stain to measure infarct size directly, the effects of allopurinol, methylprednisolone sodium succinate and propranolol were studied. Allopurinol did not influence the extent of myocardial necrosis, whereas both methylprednisolone and propranolol significantly reduced myocardial infarct size. Possible mechanisms of action and clinical applicability of these agents are discussed.
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2427ae8c-d765-4660-ba2a-97c330d125ba
| 0 |
Effects of cedilanid-D in combination with metoprolol on exercise tolerance and systolic time intervals in angina pectoris. The interaction between cedilanid-D and metoprolol, a selective beta receptor blocking agent, on exercise tolerance and systolic intervals was studied in 15 patients with angina pectoris. The patients had been treated with metoprolol for several months in a dose of 50 mg, three times daily (one patient received 25 mg three times daily).
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2427ae8c-d765-4660-ba2a-97c330d125ba
| 1 |
Each patient participated in two studies separated by at least 1 week. After arriving at the laboratory each received 50 mg of metoprolol orally; thereafter, either cedilanid-D or placebo was infused intravenously in a double-blind study performed in randomized order. When the effect of the drugs was maximal, the systolic intervals and the heart volume were recorded at rest, and the exercise tolerance was tested with a bicycle ergometer.
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2427ae8c-d765-4660-ba2a-97c330d125ba
| 2 |
The mean maximal value of plasma concentrations of metoprolol assessed during the study was about 50 ng/ml but the variation among subjects was great (20 to 187 ng/ml). After administration of cedilanid-D there was a shortening of the pre-ejection period and left ventricular ejection time compared with results after placebo;
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2427ae8c-d765-4660-ba2a-97c330d125ba
| 3 |
the reduction was similar to that found after administration of cedilanid-D without beta blocking drugs. The total heart volume decreased by an average of 55 ml, but the individual variation was great. The patients' average work capacity, expressed as total work, was not altered by cedilanid-D when compared with results after placebo.
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2427ae8c-d765-4660-ba2a-97c330d125ba
| 4 |
No relation was found between initial heart size and the effect of cedilanid-D on capacity for physical work. It therefore appears that there is no indication for the routine use of digitalis during beta blocking therapy in patients with angina pectoris who do not have cardiac failure.
|
1d283744-55ca-4a45-ae5a-dd9c6b69378a
| 0 |
Beta adrenergic blockade and diuretic therapy in benign essential hypertension: A dynamic assessment. Beta adrenergic receptor antagonists (beta blockers) differ greatly in their cardioselectivity and intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, and these differences may have important therapeutic consequences. We have therefore studied the effect on blood pressure, heart rate and plasma renin activity of the beta blocking drug oxprenolol (Trasicor) which has considerable intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, both alone and in combination with the benzothiadiazine cyclopenthiazide.
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1d283744-55ca-4a45-ae5a-dd9c6b69378a
| 1 |
Eleven patients with mild to moderate benign essential hypertension were randomly allocated to one of two treatment groups. Oxprenolol was given as the first drug to Group 1, and cyclopenthiazide as the first drug to Group 2. The patients were assessed before the start of treatment, after 2 to 3 weeks of treatment with one drug and after a further 2 to 3 weeks of treatment with both drugs.
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1d283744-55ca-4a45-ae5a-dd9c6b69378a
| 2 |
Heart rate, blood pressure and plasma renin activity were measured with the patients recumbent and after a standardized tilt to 85 degrees to provide a reflection of day to day cardiovascular stress. Oxprenolol reduced arterial blood pressure without inducing significant bradycardia. The addition of cyclopenthiazide had little further effect.
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1d283744-55ca-4a45-ae5a-dd9c6b69378a
| 3 |
Oxprenolol alone suppressed plasma renin activity both at rest and during tilt and also abolished the increase in plasma renin activity after administration of cyclopenthiazide. The combination of (1) moderate reduction of blood pressure. (2) inhibition of the otherwise inevitable increase in plasma renin activity with the use of a diuretic drug, and (3) only moderate inhibition of overall sympathetic activity indicates that it is possible to achieve physiologic balance with the appropriate beta blocking drug.
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243eab0c-5986-4ad1-9752-b7ddc2f26100
| 0 |
Control of renin release: a review of experimental evidence and clinical implications. Present knowledge of the mechanisms regulating release of renin is reviewed with particular emphasis on neural factors. Evidence is given for a direct effect of renal innervation on beta adrenergic receptors in juxtaglomerular cells, and for the involvement of reflex release of renin in conditions such as tilting and acute salt depletion.
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243eab0c-5986-4ad1-9752-b7ddc2f26100
| 1 |
Participation of neural and nonneural mechanisms of control is also shown to occur in other conditions, such as aortic constriction and hemorrhage. The view is held that neural sympathetic factors might explain some of the renin disturbances found in essential hypertension. First, in patients with high renin hypertension part of the hypertension is renin-dependent, and these pressor levels of renin seem to be neurally induced since they can commonly be suppressed by beta adrenoreceptor blocking agents.
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243eab0c-5986-4ad1-9752-b7ddc2f26100
| 2 |
Second, the hypothesis is presented that patients with low renin hypertension, at least those who have no volume disturbance, have a blunted sympathetic control of renin release. Therefore a sufficiently precise test of sympathetic activity, and possibly of body fluid volumes, should be associated with renin profiles for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of arterial hypertension and as a better guide to therapeutic management.
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243eab0c-5986-4ad1-9752-b7ddc2f26100
| 3 |
Indeed, most of the available antihypertensive drugs act on sympathetic activity, body fluid volume or renin, and this multifaceted profile would provide more rational guidelines for treatment.
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39087330-3970-45b1-aa96-409bd5ea38c6
| 0 |
Syncope with prolonged QT interval. Four children with syncope had a prolonged QT interval on the electrocardiogram. Neurologic studies were negative. One patient had associated deaf mutism, one had a family history of sudden death and prolonged QT interval, and two had ventricular arrhythmias while being monitored in the hospital. Treatment with propranolol hydrochloride eliminated the syncope in all patients, although the ECGs remained abnormal.
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72ee02aa-2aa2-4fad-8c19-9af26b062e24
| 0 |
Quantitative determination of piperazine citrate in piperazine citrate syrup USP. An assay for piperazine citrate in Piperazine Citrate Syrup USP is described. The assay method is based on the formation of a complex of piperazine with an acid dye, bromothymol blue. The complex can be extracted with chloroform and measured spectrophotometrically. The method is accurate and requires only 15 minutes for analysis, compared to four to five hours by the USP method.
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b4e12f3b-a5d3-49e8-a421-5a7c70f89d54
| 0 |
Personality and job satisfaction of medical technologists. The personality characteristics and job satisfaction patterns of a volunteer group of practicing medical technologists were measured by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and the Job Description Index. Data analysis was based on three groups of female subjects: clinical practitioners, educators, and administrators. There was little primary impact of personality upon job satisfaction, although definite patterns of personality are identifiable in the three groups. Implications for counseling students and placing practitioners in satisfying jobs were suggested, and additional studies to be conducted were identified.
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48f0a7d5-d371-494f-8e5c-c4c41aeab7c0
| 0 |
Ventilatory and blood gas changes during laparoscopy with local anesthesia. A study was performed on a series of healthy patients undergoing laparoscopy for tubal ligation with local anesthesia in a non-operating room setting. Ventilatory parameters, blood gas, pH, blood pressure, and pulse were monitored. The results revealed that no adverse effect on hemoglobin saturation or carbon dioxide exchange were found when fentanyl alone was used as a supplementary analgesic.
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48f0a7d5-d371-494f-8e5c-c4c41aeab7c0
| 1 |
An occasional vagal reflex was observed, and it is recommended that an intravenous line be established in the event that pharmacologic intervention should become necessary. Nitrous oxide produced les with this minimal analgesia.
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7e1b358e-d6e9-484d-8cf7-8060168a4098
| 0 |
Bactericidal activity and pharmacology of flucloxacillin. Flucloxacillin, a recent addition to the group of isoxazolyl penicillins, was studied in vitro and in normal volunteers. The bactericidal activity of the drug against most strains of gram-positive bacteria including penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was similar to that of oxacillin and approximately fourfold greater than that of cloxacillin.
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7e1b358e-d6e9-484d-8cf7-8060168a4098
| 1 |
Each of the three penicillins was administered orally to a group of ten volunteers for eight days in a dose of 500 mg four times a day. The mean concentrations of flucloxacillin in the serum were two- to sixfold higher than those of the other two agents on the first, fourth and eighth days of therapy.
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7e1b358e-d6e9-484d-8cf7-8060168a4098
| 2 |
The percentage of flucloxacillin bound by serum protein was 94.6 per cent; for cloxacillin and oxacillin the values were 93.5 and 91.5 per cent, respectively. Using these data, the concentrations of free flucloxacillin in serum were found to be twice as high as those of cloxacillin and oxacillin.
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7e1b358e-d6e9-484d-8cf7-8060168a4098
| 3 |
These findings suggest that, when administered orally, this new agent may offer some therapeutic advantage over oxacillin and cloxacillin.
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7ead26a8-6dfd-435c-850c-72fa8f68b064
| 0 |
Nephrology rounds, University of Iowa Hospitals: renal tubular acidosis. We have discussed two patients who had renal tubular acidosis complicated by hypokalemia. The first patient had a distal acidifying defect. Circumstantial evidence has been presented suggesting that exposure to toluene-diisocyanate or toluene-diamine played a role in the pathogenesis.
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7ead26a8-6dfd-435c-850c-72fa8f68b064
| 1 |
The acidosis and the hypokalemia of this patient were easily corrected by the administration of small amounts of sodium bicarbonate without potassium supplementation. The second patient had an interstitial nephritis of unknown etiology and presented with moderate renal insufficiency, renal tubular acidosis, and proximal as well as distal acidifying defects.
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7ead26a8-6dfd-435c-850c-72fa8f68b064
| 2 |
The proximal tubular dysfunction was associated with general aminoaciduria and glucosuria. This patient required large quantities of both alkali and potassium to correct the electrolyte abnormalities. The mechanisms of potassium wasting in proximal and distal renal tubular acidosis are reviewed. A classification is presented of cellular defects that may underlie the different renal acidifying defects.
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7ead26a8-6dfd-435c-850c-72fa8f68b064
| 3 |
Attempts to distinguish between pump and permeability defects from urinary pCO2 levels must take into account the simultaneous HCO-3 concentration, since large pCO2 elevations require the presence of ample HCO-3 in the urine. Permeability defects may impair urinary acidification by either abnormal back flux of H+ out of the lumen or increased influx of HCO-3 into the lumen.
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7ead26a8-6dfd-435c-850c-72fa8f68b064
| 4 |
In studies of acidification in vitro, amphotericin B causes increased H+ permeability and has little effect on HCO-3 permeability. Toluene-diamine causes a marked permeability defect which is reversible, but remains to be defined in terms of the ion species, HCO-3 or H+, affected.
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7ead26a8-6dfd-435c-850c-72fa8f68b064
| 5 |
At times, hyperchloremic acidosis is caused by distal defects in net acid excretion that occur without impairment of the H+ gradient. In certain patients with hypoaldosteronism, for example, distal H+ secretion may be reduced without change in the force of the H+ pump.
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f211da6f-a021-44c1-8e1e-e354d67065ce
| 0 |
Effects of salicylate and bile salt on ion transport by isolated gastric mucosa of the rabbit. The effects of luminal addition of salicylate and taurocholate on ion transport by fundic mucosa were examined in vitro using isotopic and pH stat techniques. Salicylate, 3 mM, did not alter, but 20 mM caused a 40% decrease in, the acid secretory rate.
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f211da6f-a021-44c1-8e1e-e354d67065ce
| 1 |
Taurocholate, 20 mM, caused a transient, apparent cessation of acid secretion followed by stimulation. Salicylate, 3 or 20 mM, increased Na+ but not Cl- permeability at luminal pH 7. At luminal pH 4, however, salicylate increased Cl- in addition to Na+ and H+ permeability.
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f211da6f-a021-44c1-8e1e-e354d67065ce
| 2 |
Taurocholate, 10 or 20 mM, increased both cation and anion permeability at pH 7 and 4. Addition of salicylate or taurocholate results in stimulation of net Na+ transport. While salicylate and taurocholate increase cation permeability at pH 7, they have differing effects on acid secretion and anion permeability.
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f211da6f-a021-44c1-8e1e-e354d67065ce
| 3 |
The data suggest that salicylate and taurocholate alter cation permeability by different mechanisms and are consistent with the concept that enhanced diffusion of H+ into the tissue causes a nonspecific alteration in the permeability pathway.
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c8188205-f8d7-42fb-afac-93cf80519171
| 0 |
Characteristics of intestinal phase of gastric secretion. In four dogs provided with special gastroduodenal fistulas allowing for the complete separation of stomach and duodenum without interrupting the vagal connections between them, the magnitude of the gastric and intestinal phases was compared and their contribution to the total gastric response to a meal was established.
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c8188205-f8d7-42fb-afac-93cf80519171
| 1 |
A liver extract (LE) meal, confined to the stomach and maintained at pH 5.0 by an intragastric titration technique, produced acid output reaching 66% of the maximal response to histamine (MRH). Perfusion of the LE meal into the duodenum resulted in acid secretion amounting to 57% of MRH.
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c8188205-f8d7-42fb-afac-93cf80519171
| 2 |
The combination of the gastric and intestinal phases caused the highest acid output, amounting to about 90% of MRH. Gastric and intestinal phases induced separately were accompanied by a significant elevation in serum gastrin concentrations which reached the highest values when both phases were evoked simultaneously. Acidification of the intestinal meal resulted in pH-dependent inhibition of gastric secretion falling to the basal values at pH 1.0
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c8188205-f8d7-42fb-afac-93cf80519171
| 3 |
. These secretory changes were mimicked by exogenous secretin. Serum gastrin levels remained essentially unaffected by the acidification of the intestinal meal while exogenous secretin significantly lowered them. In conclusion, in the intact stomach with undisturbed nervous connections between the stomach and duodenum, a peptone meal in the intestine is capable of evoking a potent gastric acid and pepsin stimulation by a mechanism involving the release of antral hormone.
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8652886d-a588-4204-992d-2a14e3a90b4b
| 0 |
Inhibition of gastric secretion in the dog by 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2. The synthetic prostaglandin 16,16-dimethyl E2 (PGE2) given by intravenous infusion at 0.4 mug/kg-h inhibited gastric secretion of H+, K+, Cl-, and pepsin in four fistula dogs stimulated by histamine (H), pentagastrin (P), urecholine (U), and 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG).
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8652886d-a588-4204-992d-2a14e3a90b4b
| 1 |
When given for 90 min during steady infusions of near-maximal doses of H, P, and U, PG-E2 caused 75% inhibition of H+ maximally at 90 min and over 85% inhibition of pepsin secretion maximally at 45 min. Recovery of secretion took 1-2 h after infusion of PGE2 was stopped.
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8652886d-a588-4204-992d-2a14e3a90b4b
| 2 |
Injection of KCl, 1 meq/kg, during inhibition of histamine by PGE2 gave only a 15-min transient reversal in inhibition. When PGE2 was given as background to 45-min step-dose responses, 0.1 mug/kg competitively inhibited histamine stimulation and 0.4 mug/kg-h gave 100% inhibition.
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8652886d-a588-4204-992d-2a14e3a90b4b
| 3 |
Against pentagastrin, 0.1 mug PGE2/kg-h had no effect and 0.4 mug caused uncompetitive inhibition; against urecholine, 0.4 mug PGE2/kg-h caused competitive inhibition of H+ secretion. Pepsin was more markedly inhibited in each case. There were no side effects at either dose of PGE2, which is a potent inhibitor of gastric secretion with all forms of stimuli.
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a94293d1-424e-410d-a3dc-e1bd6dce5515
| 0 |
Effect of carbon monoxide on equilibrium between oxygen and hemoglobin. Oxygen dissociation curves of partially CO-saturated human whole blood drawn freshly or preserved more than 3 wk were studied. With increasing CO-hemoglobin concentrations, oxygen affinity of the blood increased and the Hill coefficient, n, fell and gradually approached unity.
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a94293d1-424e-410d-a3dc-e1bd6dce5515
| 1 |
The changes induced by CO-hemoglobin showed practically no difference in the presence or absence of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate. The Bohr coefficient, deltalog P50/deltapH, was determined as a function of oxygen saturation for various concentrations of CO-hemoglobin. The coefficient remained essentially unchanged in the presence of CO-hemoglobin.
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a94293d1-424e-410d-a3dc-e1bd6dce5515
| 2 |
In the presence of less than 50% CO-hemoglobin, a good agreement was observed between the observed oxygen dissociation curves and the curves calculated according to Roughton and Darling (Am. J. Physiol. 141: 17-31, 1944). Based on these results, physiological implications of carboxyhemoglobinemia are discussed quantitatively in comparison with methemoglobinemia.
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5b978bf9-730d-4c8a-a402-26ffa2c3cbdc
| 0 |
Erythropoietin production after renal denervation or beta-adrenergic blockade. The ability of either beta-adrenergic blockade or bilateral renal denervation to alter erythropoietin (ESF) production in rabbits exposed to hypobaric hypoxia was studied. ESF elaboration during 5 h of exposure to hypoxia was not affected by beta-blockade, but was markedly reduced by prior surgical denervation of both kidneys.
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5b978bf9-730d-4c8a-a402-26ffa2c3cbdc
| 1 |
After 18 h of hypoxia plasma ESF levels in renal denervated rabbits did not differ significantly from those of sham-operated controls. Previous studies have shown that ESF production during this more prolonged exposure to hypoxia was significantly inhibited by some beta-adrenergic blocking agents. Combined renal denervation and beta-blockade were more effective than renal denervation alone in attenuating ESF production during 5 h of exposure to hypoxia.
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5b978bf9-730d-4c8a-a402-26ffa2c3cbdc
| 2 |
However, ESF elaboration during 18 h of hypoxia was significantly greater in animals with combined denervation and beta-blockade than in control rabbits. These results suggest the existence of two distinct mechanisms for ESF production in rabbits exposed to hypobaric hypoxia.
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26829987-71f1-4dc4-8bc8-a86ef79018de
| 0 |
The current status of behavioral psychotherapy: theory and practice. Behavioral psychotherapy has become one of the definitive treatments available for the relief of psychiatric suffering. Although hardly a panacea for all ills, the behavioral approach is the treatment of choice for certain selected problems. Behavioral methods make their contribution in the context of general psychiatric management and often must be used in conjunction with other treatment.
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26829987-71f1-4dc4-8bc8-a86ef79018de
| 1 |
The theoretical and practical aspects of behavioral psychotherapy have changed a great deal over the past few years and continue to evolve rapidly. Although useful molecular theories are emerging to guide the discipline, no global theory is likely to be satisfactory in the foreseeable future.
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5d29b745-b409-4e5b-bee0-0e31a1edd0ba
| 0 |
Effect of drug ritual changes on schizophrenic patients. The author evaluated the charts of 115 chronic schizophrenic patients who regularly attended a follow-up group to determine whether changes in long-standing medication regimens produced an increased dropout rate, decreased attendance, or psychotic decompensation. He found that although there were nonsignificant trends showing a relationship between medication change and group attendance for individual patients, there were no significant difference between group attendance and change or no change in medication routine for the group of patients as a whole.
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5d29b745-b409-4e5b-bee0-0e31a1edd0ba
| 1 |
He concludes that necessary changes in medication routines for chronic schizophrenic patients are safe.
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bf375127-96bf-4d96-b82d-145c96e2a66f
| 0 |
A simple technique for demonstrating transmission of dengue virus by mosquitoes without the use of vertebrate hosts. Aedes albopictus mosquitoes infected with dengue type 2 virus transmitted virus to measured small amounts of fluid which could be titrated readily for virus content. It was found that the percentage of mosquitoes transmitting was related to the extent of salivary gland infection.
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bf375127-96bf-4d96-b82d-145c96e2a66f
| 1 |
It was not uncommon for mosquitoes to transmit as much as 10(4) mosquito infectious doses50 of virus and transmission of significant amounts of virus was observed even though an insect only probed the test suspension without feeding to repletion. Transmission of virus was demonstrated as early as 10 days after oral infection when mosquitoes were held at 32 degrees C.
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0842b1f3-4345-4d42-991b-75b3829f6b43
| 0 |
Ecologic studies of Venezuelan encephalitis virus and isolations of Nepuyo and Patois viruses during 1968-1973 at a marsh habitat near the epicenter of the 1969 outbreak in Guatemala. Ecologic studies of Venezuelan encephalitis (VE) virus at a marsh habitat near the epicenter of the 1969 outbreak in Guatemala revealed that the virus was enzootic there.
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0842b1f3-4345-4d42-991b-75b3829f6b43
| 1 |
VE virus was isolated yearly during 1968-1973 from sentinel hamsters exposed during the rainy seasons and from mosquitoes collected during July and August 1970. Hamsters yielded 41 strains of VE virus and virus was detected within 2 km of the edge of the marsh, in its interior, and at its western extreme 18 km from the central study site at La Avellana.
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0842b1f3-4345-4d42-991b-75b3829f6b43
| 2 |
One strain of virus came from a hamster that died in the dry season of January 1970. Culex mosquitoes yielded 20 strains of VE virus and Mansonia and Aedes one each. Culex (Melanoconion) and Aedes taeniorhynchus were most prevalent near the marsh. Hemagglutination-inhitibion (HI) and neutralization antibody tests of sera showed that wild terrestrial mammals (opossums and rodents), humans, and dogs, but not wild birds, were frequently infected.
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0842b1f3-4345-4d42-991b-75b3829f6b43
| 3 |
Seven of 16 susceptible residents of villages at the edge of the marsh developed antibodies without symptoms during an 18-month period between September 1971 and February 1973. Only 1 of 5 sentinel rabbits, and none of 30 sentinel chickens developed VE HI antibody during August-September 1971, a period when virus activity was readily detected by the use of sentinel hamsters.
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0842b1f3-4345-4d42-991b-75b3829f6b43
| 4 |
Five strains of group C arbovirus (one identified as Nepuyo) were recovered from sentinel hamsters during 1968 to 1970, and one strain of Nepuyo virus was isolated from the blood of a person with a febrile illness during 1972. Two strains of Patois group arboviruses were isolated from Culex mosquitoes during 1970.
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6c911489-17d0-4e5a-9ea9-30b9483a742b
| 0 |
Studies of possible movement of Venezuelan encephalitis virus from an enzootic focus in Guatemala during 1971-1974. During the wet seasons of 1972 and possibly 1971, sentinel horses became infected by Venezuelan encephalitis (VE) virus in a temporally and geographically progressive manner inland from an enzootic marsh focus of virus on the Pacific couast of southeastern Guatemala.
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6c911489-17d0-4e5a-9ea9-30b9483a742b
| 1 |
During the wet seasons of 1972 and 1973, VE virus was detected by sentinel horses (and a sentinel hamster in 1972) in a small woods 10 km north of the marsh, but virus was undetectable there during the dry seasons of 1973 and 1974 and the wet season of 1974. Culex (Melanoconion) mosquitoes were found in this woods and at the marsh during August 1973.
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6c911489-17d0-4e5a-9ea9-30b9483a742b
| 2 |
These observations are compatible with movement of VE virus from the marsh habitat during some wet seasons. However, virus activity in this region adjacent to the marsh was quantitatively unpredictable on a yearly basis and occurred in only very focal habitats during 1971 to 1974. Mechanisms of VE virus movement from the marsh are currently unknown, but bats are under study as a likely possibility.
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259d74da-58f5-4dc8-aee5-7fa006c75dc9
| 0 |
Hepatitis B surface antigen (Australia antigen) in mosquitoes collected in Senegal, West Africa. During July and August of 1973, 9,198 mosquitoes were collected in the Republic of Senegal. Eight species of mosquitoes were found in the collections: Culex thalassius, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, Culex trigripes, Culex phillipi, Aedes irritans, Aedes aegypti, Anopheles gambiae, and Mansonia sp.
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259d74da-58f5-4dc8-aee5-7fa006c75dc9
| 1 |
Specimens were sorted by biological condition; those obviously engorged were designated as (E), females with swollen abdomens not conspicuously blooded were considered gravid (G), and those with normal or shrunken abdomens were considered neither blooded nor gravid (U). Representative samples of each species were tested by solid phase radioimmunoassay for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAg, Australia antigen).
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259d74da-58f5-4dc8-aee5-7fa006c75dc9
| 2 |
A total of 12 mosquitoes were found to be HBSAg positive out of 1,658 individuals tested. These were: 9 Culex thalassius, 1 (E), 5 (G), 3 (U); 2 Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, 1 (E), 1 (U); and Aedes irritans, 1 (U).
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024cebcf-a1b4-4fdb-a118-4496feaa826b
| 0 |
Hemorrhagic shock in dogs. Comparison of treatment with shed blood alone versus shed blood plus Ringer's lactate: intravascular pressures, cardiac output, oxygen consumption, arteriovenous oxygen differences, extracellular fluid PO2, electrolyte changes, and survival rates. The purpose of our study of hemorrhagic shock in dogs was to examine the efficacy of adding Ringer's lactate to shed blood replacement in increasing animal rates.
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024cebcf-a1b4-4fdb-a118-4496feaa826b
| 1 |
The standard Wiggers' hemorrhagic shock technic was used in two groups of ten animals each. Intravascular pressures, cardiac outut, oxygen consumption, arteriovenous oxygen differences, extracellular fluid PO2 and pH, electrolyte changes, and survival rates were determined. There was a positive correlation between changes in cardiac output, central venous oxygen content, and PO2 and extracellular fluid PO2 as measured using subcutaneously implanted Silastic tubing and perforated plastic balls.
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024cebcf-a1b4-4fdb-a118-4496feaa826b
| 2 |
Four of the dogs that received shed blood alone survived, whereas five of the dogs that received shed blood plus Ringer's lactate survived. This difference was not statistically significant.
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9ddd9ddc-e523-4e5f-b164-402ed8d62986
| 0 |
[Conformational changes of hyaluronic acid in acid medium (author's transl)]. Both vitreous body homogenate and a fibrous product containing hyaluronic acid and collagen isolated from vitreous humor by acetone precipitation were investigated to elucidate the liquefaction of vitreous body by acids. Graphic evaluation of the titration with hydrochlorid acid and viscosity measurements suggest a changed of the hyaluronic acid molecule in the pH-range between 5.2
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9ddd9ddc-e523-4e5f-b164-402ed8d62986
| 1 |
and 4.1. Between these pH-values the ionization of carboxyl groups is decreased accompanied by conformational changes of the hyaluronic acid molecule. These results are in agreement with the conclusion of other authors that by lowering the pH of hyaluronic acid solutions a random coil to double helix transition of hyaluronic acid occurs.
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a3acf27f-dd72-462d-b9ec-ad522d64bd32
| 0 |
Treatment of the diving casualty. In a diving emergency a number of specific conditions are possible in addition to those which would ordinarily be considered in a life-threatening situation. There are many separate factors which, underwater, can lead by some unfortunate combination of circumstances towards death usually, but not always, by drowning.
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a3acf27f-dd72-462d-b9ec-ad522d64bd32
| 1 |
The other major category of accidents are those resulting from the ascent of the diver to the surface. These must be considered as medical emergencies and the majority respond to immediate recompression. In the absence of readily available recompression facilities,various measures may ameliorate the condition pending transfer to a suitable compression chamber.
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546a3b0f-b9b8-4215-81ea-92fba31cc7d1
| 0 |
Scanning electron microscopic study of chylomicrons incubated with lipoprotein lipase. The effects of lipolysis on the structure of chylomicrons were studied with the scanning electron microscope using rat chylomicrons incubated with purified bovine milk lipoprotein lipase for 20 minutes at pH 8.1. Since the amount of albumin added to the medium was limited, some of the free fatty acids and partial glycerides formed by lipolysis accumulated in the chylomicrons.
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546a3b0f-b9b8-4215-81ea-92fba31cc7d1
| 1 |
Lipolyzed chylomicrons fixed with OSO4 at pH 7.4 appeared in scanning electron micrographs as spheres with multiply idented irregular surfaces, while those fixed at pH 5.5, AS WELL AS CONTROL CHYLOMICRONS FIXED AT BOTH PHs, appeared as spheres with smooth surfaces. Sections of OSO4-fixed specimens, viewed with the transmission electron microscope, showed that the core of lipolyzed chylomicrons fixed at pH 7.4
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546a3b0f-b9b8-4215-81ea-92fba31cc7d1
| 2 |
contained numerous circular electron-lucent areas at the periphery, thus accounting for the indented surfaces observed above, while the core surfaces of the other specimens were circular and smooth. These findings confirm an earlier report that aqueous spaces form in chylomicrons during lipolysis when albumin in the medium is limited, and that the aqueous spaces disappear when specimens are prepared at pH 5.5
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546a3b0f-b9b8-4215-81ea-92fba31cc7d1
| 3 |
for microscopy. Thin sections of specimens that had been prepared for scanning electron microscopy showed that the gold-palladium coating was desposited directly on the indented surface of the lipid core of lipolyzed chylomicrons fixed at pH 7.4. It is concluded that vacuum dehydration during specimen preparation ruptures the outer wall of the aqueous spaces in lipolyzed chylomicrons and thereby exposes the interior of the spaces to gold-palladium coating and viewing with the scanning electron microscope.
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