Hennara/MedRAG_contents · Datasets at Hugging Face

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a8b1bfdd-e93b-4d91-9bfe-6254d66a8013	1	Seven geographic strains of B, glabrata were examined. In addition, observations were made on the hemolymph of Biomphalaria straminea, several strains of Helisoma caribaeum, and on B. glabrata subjected to infection with Schistosoma mansoni or to periods of starvation. Intra-strain differences in total protein concentration and total hemoglobin concentration in B.
a8b1bfdd-e93b-4d91-9bfe-6254d66a8013	2	glabrata appeared to be more closely related with snail size than with absolute age. Inter-strain variation in B. glabrata was also noted, but the differences were of the same magnitude as those from intra-strain samples. Significant differences in total protein concentration were observed, however, between the means of similar size B.
a8b1bfdd-e93b-4d91-9bfe-6254d66a8013	3	glabrata, B. straminea and H. caribaeum. The osmolatity of the hemolymph from different size B. glabrata was similar as were the osmolalities of the hemolymph from similar size snails of different strains. However, all B. glabrata strains exhibited hemolymph osmolalities lower than observed in strains of H.
a8b1bfdd-e93b-4d91-9bfe-6254d66a8013	4	caribaeum. Infection with S. mansoni reduced the protein concentration of B. glabrata hemolymph. Differences were noted as early as 1.5-24 hr post-infection, with significant alterations occurring at about 11 days post-infection. To a lesser extent, starvation also depleted the protein content of the hemolymph.
85ff1b8c-f4a1-4259-8ab4-bcf4a38b0cfb	0	[Relevance of biochemistry in diagnosis and development of alcoholic liver disease (author's transl)]. In a group of 205 patients with alcoholic diseases of liver the diagnostic relevance of biochemical tests (GOT, GPT, AP, GGTP, BSP) was reconsidered with discriminatory process (separation of diagnosis).
85ff1b8c-f4a1-4259-8ab4-bcf4a38b0cfb	1	The group contained 16 patients with nutritional-caused and 41 cases with alcoholic-caused fatty-infiltration of liver. 148 patients showed a toxic chronic liver disease; 52 a chronic hepatitis and 96 cirrhosis of liver. Laparoscopy and morphology guaranteed the clinical diagnosis and therefore the accuracy of biochemistry in separation of diagnosis was given.
85ff1b8c-f4a1-4259-8ab4-bcf4a38b0cfb	2	The biochemical tests were not able to offer a separation of fatty-infiltration with reference to cause, changes of the process in toxic hepatitis and cirrhosis were announced. Intersection in several cases was noticed and biochemical tests were not able to substitute endoscopy and morphology for clinical and diagnostic use in all cases.
85ff1b8c-f4a1-4259-8ab4-bcf4a38b0cfb	3	In every regard the enzyme-tests,--above mentioned--, and determination of sulfobromthalein are aptly to development of diseases and deficiency of alcohol.
dc0a9f0f-513a-4a5b-944f-ceee61ee5cc4	0	Proline endopeptidase and exopeptidase activity in polymorphonuclear granulocytes. Peptidases capable of releasing proline residues from polypeptides are present in the cytoplasmic fraction of rabbit polymorphonuclear granulocytes. This was shown with peptide substrates where proline is present either at the carboxy-terminal or within the polypeptide chain. Lysosomal and plasma membrane enzymes were inactive towards such polypeptides. The proline residue was hydrolyzed at either its amino end or its carboxy end. It is noteworthy that a Pro:Pro bond was cleaved both in the pentapeptide Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg and the dipeptide Pro:Pro.
43a94a9b-6864-4fb4-aaaa-3dbc66fb54cf	0	[A compact form of DNA in solution. 2. Peculiarities of acidic titration of double-stranded DNA in PEG-containing water-salt solutions]. The formation of compact double-stranded DNA molecules in PEG-containing watersalt solutions (0.3 M NaCl) may be observed within the pH-range 3-10;
43a94a9b-6864-4fb4-aaaa-3dbc66fb54cf	1	i.e. under conditions at which parameters of double-stranded DNA helices are not strongly different from those of B-form. At pH less than 3, when regularity of double helices is significantly changed, the formation of the specific compact particles of DNA in PEG-containing solutions does not take place.
43a94a9b-6864-4fb4-aaaa-3dbc66fb54cf	2	Denaturation of the compact form of DNA in PEG-containing solution is accompanied by disappearance of the negative band in CD spectrum. Hyperchromic effect of denaturation of DNA compact form is uninformative because of the influence of the light-scattering by compact DNA molecules.
1a50b34c-1e6e-420c-9d9c-21bffd3a514f	0	[Changes in the chemical composition and physico-chemical characteristics of chromatin from spleens of mice during immunogenesis]. Comparative studies have been carried out for the chemical composition and physico-chemical characteristics of chromatin isolated from spleens of non-immunized and immunized mice. It is found that the chromatin from spleens of immunized mice contains significantly more non-histone proteins and RNA, while the quantity of histone proteins is unaltered.
1a50b34c-1e6e-420c-9d9c-21bffd3a514f	1	The melting temperatures of chromatin from spleens of non-immunized and immunized mice in 2.5-10(-4) M EDTA (pH 8.0) are 76.8+/-1.50 degrees and 74.4+/-1.10 degrees, respectively. DNA isolated from chromatin melts at 40 degrees. The melting of chromatin was followed in 5 mM sodium-cacodylate buffer (pH 7.0
1a50b34c-1e6e-420c-9d9c-21bffd3a514f	2	)+1.5-10(-4) M EDTA containing increasing concentrations of urea. The results show that during immunogenesis the changes of the chemical composition of the chromatin are accompanied by certain destabilisation of DNP complex.
9c610b88-c26f-43f8-b9bd-cff0971df3bc	0	Correction of severe combined immunodeficiency by fetal liver cells. As an alternative to bone-marrow transplantation, two infants with severe combined immunodeficiency who had no histocompatible donors were given intraperitoneal infusions of fresh liver cells from fetuses of eight and nine to 10 weeks. Transient graft-versus-host disease began at 42 and 52 days, respectively.
9c610b88-c26f-43f8-b9bd-cff0971df3bc	1	Both infants had rises in T cells and declines in B cells by three months. No functional immunologic improvement occurred in the first infant, who died of pulmonary disease 10 months later. Clinical and functional immunologic improvement occurred in the other, who is now 19 months after transplantation.
9c610b88-c26f-43f8-b9bd-cff0971df3bc	2	Lymphocyte responses to phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen were noted by three months, to concanavalin A by five months, and to allogeneic cells by eight months. Delayed cutaneous responsiveness to candida developed and IgM became norma. IgA and IgG remained low. Chimerism was demonstrated by a donor marker chromosome in metaphases from recipient lymphocytes.
9c610b88-c26f-43f8-b9bd-cff0971df3bc	3	Fetal liver cells therefore reversed the immunodeficiency.
cb10c8f8-74b3-4472-ac0e-0eb833b89444	0	[Kinetics and mechanism of the 3H to 1H in C(8)H groups of purine derivatives]. The pH-dependence of the 3H to 1H exchange between water and C(8)H groups of purine, adenine, 9-methyladenine, 7-methyladenine, hypoxanthine, guanine, xanthine as well as C(2)H groups of imidazole and benzimidazole was studied.
cb10c8f8-74b3-4472-ac0e-0eb833b89444	1	It was shown that within the pH-ranges, where the majority of molecules under study are non-ionized, the values of observed rate constant (kobs) do not depend on pH. Beyond these ranges the values of k(obs) are increased or decreased depending on the type of ionizaiton of the compound under study in appropriate pH range.
cb10c8f8-74b3-4472-ac0e-0eb833b89444	2	The observed pH dependence of the 3H to 1H exchange is in a good quantitative agreement with ylide mechanism of the exchange reaction. According to this mechanism the 3H--1H exchange takes place in N(7)-protonated forms of the purine derivatives and in zwitterions with positive charge on N(7).
cb10c8f8-74b3-4472-ac0e-0eb833b89444	3	The ylide mechanism of the exchange reaction is also suggested by the fact that the true exchange rate constants (k+) of protonated forms of the studied compounds, calculated from the values of k(ods), rises linearly with the increase of their protonation constant (Ka1)--the tenfold increase of Ka1 leads to about four-fold rise of k+.
cb10c8f8-74b3-4472-ac0e-0eb833b89444	4	The knowledge of 1h to 3H exchange mechanism in C(8)H groups of purine derivatives allows to estimate alterations of reactivity of the purine residues in polynucleotides and nucleic acids depending on their conformation.
54681638-3eb3-44a0-9867-b8d53d0de03a	0	Cyclic AMP and neuroendocrine influence upon forelimb regeneration in the adult newt, Notophthalmus viridescens. The influence of the nervous and endocrine systems upon successive stages of limb regeneration suggest possible neuroendocrine interaction(s). Intraperitoneal injections of various agents had no effects upon blastema formation. Chlorpromazine, administered alone or with hormones, retarded morphogenesis.
54681638-3eb3-44a0-9867-b8d53d0de03a	1	Prolactin, dibutyryl cAMP (db-cAMP), theophylline, and acetylcholine accelerated morphogenesis. 5'-AMP had no effect. Only db-cAMP countered the chlorpromazine-induced retardation of morphogenesis. These results suggest that neuroendocrine influences, possibly cAMP-mediated, direct, in part, the morphogenesis of the regeneration blastema.
596c6c1a-8426-47a1-8b85-b33b93a7880b	0	Impaired urinary acidification in the hypothyroid rat. Since abnormalities in the renal handling of sodium and water in both the proximal and distal tubule have been described in primary hypothyroidism, this study was undertaken to examine renal tubular hydrogen secretion in this disorder. Metabolic acidosis was induced in hypothyroid rats (H) and their age matched controls (C) by the administration of an oral ammonium chloride load of 0.15
596c6c1a-8426-47a1-8b85-b33b93a7880b	1	g/24 h/kg for three days. On day 3 animals were prepared for clearance and acid-base studies, receiving an infusion of Ringer's solution of 0.6 ml/hr/100 g during surgery and the experimental procedure. A 26% decrease in GFR (P less than 0.005) and a doubling in fractional excretion of sodium (P less than 0.02
596c6c1a-8426-47a1-8b85-b33b93a7880b	2	) were observed in H rats. The lowest blood pH and average bicarbonate concentration and the excretion of chloride were similar in the two groups, indicating that the acid load was reabsorbed and led to similar degrees of systemic acidification. Urine flow also was comparable in the two groups.
596c6c1a-8426-47a1-8b85-b33b93a7880b	3	Minimal urine pH after NH4Cl was 6.21 +/- 0.06 in H and 5.68 +/- 0.09 in C (P less than 0.001). Ammonium excretion was 28% (P less than 0.05) lower in H than in C. The defect in urine acidification in H was only partially corrected after 5 days on a low sodium diet and DOCA administration for 2 days.
596c6c1a-8426-47a1-8b85-b33b93a7880b	4	Fractional bicarbonate excretion at normal blood pH and bicarbonate concentration was not different in the two groups. These data indicate that hypothyroid rats have a mild defect in urine acidification and that it is localized predominantly in the distal tubule.
f8c0eae0-abfe-43f4-8228-5433146c13e1	0	[2 new species of microsporidians (Protozoa, Microsporidia) from mosquitoes of the family Chironomidae]. Two new species of microsporidians are described from the mosquitoes of the genus Chironomus collected in water bodies of the north-eastern USSR. Bacillidium chironomi sp. n. injuring the adipose tissue of the fourth stage larvae of Chironomus dorsalis Mg.
f8c0eae0-abfe-43f4-8228-5433146c13e1	1	has rod-shaped spores 15 (11 to 19) x 0.7 (0.6 to 0.9) mu in size. Duboscqia chironomi sp. n. injures the adipose tissue of the fourth stage larvae of Chironomus plumosus L. Fresh spores of this species are egg-shaped, 6.2 (5.8 to 6.5
f8c0eae0-abfe-43f4-8228-5433146c13e1	2	) x 3.8 (3.6 to 4.0) mu in size. When stained according to the Romanovsky-Gimza method the spores are 5.4 (4.9 to 5.8) x 3.8 (3.6 to 4.1) mu in size. Some peculiarities of the nuclei fission in the sporants of Duboscqia chironomi sp. n.
f8c0eae0-abfe-43f4-8228-5433146c13e1	3	, are discussed.
87265f20-5015-40d5-abc1-d7588880dab4	0	Electrical responses of isolated Nitella protoplasm--excitations or artifacts? Isolated protoplasmic droplets of the alga Nitella were investigated with microelectrodes under current clamp conditions. The following observations were made: 1. Long pulses of either polarity yielded almost symmetric current-voltage relations. Near the rather small resting potential (inside negative) the measuring points lay on a straight line corresponding to an apparent surface membrane resistance of 1.7
87265f20-5015-40d5-abc1-d7588880dab4	1	+/- 0.45 komega (mean +/- S.E.M., n=5). 2. Experiments with various pulse programs revealed no mechanism comparable to Na inactivation but stressed the electrical symmetry of the droplet with respect to the resting potential. 3. Changes of the [Ca2+] in the bathing medium between 0 to 10 mM as well as of the pH between 5 and 9 did not influence the responses.
87265f20-5015-40d5-abc1-d7588880dab4	2	Replacing K+ by Na+ (or vice versa) or exchanging NO3 for acetylglycine or Cl- was also ineffective. These observations are not consistent with a normal excitable surface membrane. Similar responses are obtained with a RC network which is described and which may have its substrate in histological peculiarities of the protoplasmic droplet.
3798f531-a00d-4cdc-abf3-6967be5a288f	0	The action of Ca2+ , Mg2+ and H+ on the contraction threshold of frog skeletal muscle: Evidence for surface charges controlling electro-mechanical coupling. The dependence of the threshold potential for contraction of pH and the concentration of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the bathing solution was measured in frog skeletal muscle.
3798f531-a00d-4cdc-abf3-6967be5a288f	1	Decreasing the pH from 10.3 to 4.65 resulted in a threshold shift to more positive potentials. Between pH 6.5 and 8.5 the concentration threshold was almost pH -independent. Increasing [Ca2+]o (in the concentration range 0.5-50 mM) shifted the curves relating contraction threshold to pH to less negative potentials and diminished the overall pH-dependence.
3798f531-a00d-4cdc-abf3-6967be5a288f	2	The contraction threshold exhibited a similar dependence on [Ca2+]o and [Mg2+]o, the two curves running parallel in the concentration range of 5-50 mM, but Mg2+ was only c. 0.6 as effective as Ca2+. To explain these results a surface charge model is proposed which assumes that two acidic groups, sigma1 and sigma2, and one basic group, sigma3, reside at the outer surface of the membrane of the T-system.
3798f531-a00d-4cdc-abf3-6967be5a288f	3	Alterations in the extracellular medium exert their influence on the electro-mechanical coupling process by changing the surface potential. The groups will be titrated by protons and their charges screened off by the divalent cations. In addition, Ca2+ was supposed to bind with a weak dissociation constant (23 M) to the two acidic groups.
3798f531-a00d-4cdc-abf3-6967be5a288f	4	The chosen charge densities are: sigma1 = -0.0085/A2 [= -1e/(10.8 A)2], sigma2 = -0.0037/A2 [= -1e/(16.4 A)2], sigma3 = 0.0028/A2 [= + 1e/(18.9 A)2] with intrinsic dissociation constants KH1 = 10(-2.0)M, KH2 = 10(-4.1
3798f531-a00d-4cdc-abf3-6967be5a288f	5	)M, and KH3 = 10(-8.5) M. The measured threshold values are satisfactorily described by this model except at extreme alkaline and acid pH values.
982b9099-e688-42c3-85c4-7d7f4c59c16e	0	[Comparison of the pA2 of various beta blocking agents]. The drug industry is now putting out specific beta 1 or beta 2 beta-blocking agents. The pA2 of various beta-blocking agents were determined on isolated organs-guinea pig atrium and trachea: practolol and acebutolol were considered as specific beta-1 inhibitors;
982b9099-e688-42c3-85c4-7d7f4c59c16e	1	butoxamine was a specific beta-2 inhibitor, while pindolol, oxprenolol, propranolol and alprenolol were specificity free. The pA2 quantifies the action exerted by an inhibitor. Cardioselectivity is expressed by the pA2 left atrium/pA2 trachea ratio. It exceeds 1 000 for practolol, it equals 30 for acebutolol, and is very slight for butoxamine.
982b9099-e688-42c3-85c4-7d7f4c59c16e	2	The pA2 therefore gives a good idea of the potential of the various drugs on the animal's isolated organ. However, these data cannot safely be extrapolated to man. Hence the necessity of conducting clinical pharmacological studies.
a35de292-7b82-40e9-b357-02f5bb8e3acf	0	[Effects of adrenergic blockade on adipose tissue lipolysis provoked in cats and humans by intravenous perfusion of isoprenaline]. An intravenous infusion of isoprenaline (1 mug/kg/mn during 4 h) elicited a rise in serum free fatty acids (FFA) and glucose in anaesthetised cats. The effect reached a peak in 1 h and was then maintained at a plateau level for the remainder of the infusion.
a35de292-7b82-40e9-b357-02f5bb8e3acf	1	Acebutolol and practolol (0,1-10 mg/kg, p.o.) were more potent in reducing the concentration of free fatty acids (FFA) than in lowering glucose. Propranolol was roughly equipotent on FFA and glucose. In 6 fasted human volunteers, an intravenous infusion of isoprenaline (0,03 mug/kg/mn during 15 min) stimulated a rise in serum FFA.
a35de292-7b82-40e9-b357-02f5bb8e3acf	2	Peak values were attained rapidly and FFA levels began to fall soon after the end of the infusion. Blood glucose concentration was not changed. A placebo, given after the first infusion of isoprenaline, did not significantly affect the response to 2 further infusions at 2 and 4 h later.
a35de292-7b82-40e9-b357-02f5bb8e3acf	3	An oral dose of acebutolol (300 mg) largely suppressed the lipolytic effect of the 2nd and 3rd isoprenaline infusions, the degrees of inhibition being 70 p.cent and 85 p.cent respectively. The same dose of practolol was considerably less effective in inhibiting lipolysis (37 p.cent and 25 p.
a35de292-7b82-40e9-b357-02f5bb8e3acf	4	cent inhibition).
276d1695-706f-4c5d-a254-960e32978176	0	Bone marrow transplantation in children. Bone marrow transplantation is a new concept in the treatment of leukemia and aplastic anemia. The problems seen in the transplanted patient are abundant and often life-threatening. Caring for these patients offers one of the most exciting challenges of nursing. The nurse not only acquires skill in caring for a patient with leukemia and aplastic anemia, but also becomes knowledgeable in infectious diseases, immunology, fluid and electrolyte balance, and cardiac, respiratory, and renal diseases.
276d1695-706f-4c5d-a254-960e32978176	1	The complexity of these patients allows the nurse more direct, comsistent contact with them. As she becomes involved, she is given excellent opportunities for supporting the patient and family through this stressful time. Althoug bone marrow transplantation is an experimental procedure with problems still to be solved, results indicate its value in the treatment of refractory leukemia and aplastic anemia.
2e34e9ea-678d-4fc0-811f-96f7a9534d14	0	Control of adenylate cyclase from secretory vesicle membranes by beta-adrenergic agents and nerve growth factor. Adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1] activity of purified secretory vesicle membranes from the adrenal medulla is inhibited by I-isoproterenol and I-epinephrine, as well as by nerve growth factor (NGF).
2e34e9ea-678d-4fc0-811f-96f7a9534d14	1	The effect of these agents was found to be dose-dependent and, in the case of the catecholamines, saturable. NGF was active at concentrations as low as 10(-8) M. Oxidized NGF was only minimally active, and insulin was completely inactive. Neither dopamine nor phenylephrine had activity.
2e34e9ea-678d-4fc0-811f-96f7a9534d14	2	Inhibition of cyclase by either isoproterenol or epinephrine was blocked by I-propranolol, a specific beta-antagonist, but propranolol by itself had no effect on adenylate cyclase activity. The data indicate that the secretory vesicle membrane has beta-adrenergic receptors coupled to the adenylate cyclase. Propranolol was also found to block the NGF-induced inhibition of cyclase.
2e34e9ea-678d-4fc0-811f-96f7a9534d14	3	We conclude that the granule membrane has beta-adrenergic receptors as well as NGF-reactive sites, and that the two may be functionally linked.
612ad172-01d0-4841-8fd7-947f382611db	0	Preliminary characterization of the acrasin of the cellular slime mold Polysphondylium violaceum. Some species of cellular slime mold do not respond to cyclic AMP as an acrasin, or chemoattractant. In one such species, Polysphondylium violaceum, we have isolated and purified its acrasin and determined some of its chemical properties, which lead us to believe it is a small molecule of less than 1500 daltons.
612ad172-01d0-4841-8fd7-947f382611db	1	One possibility is that it might be a peptide. The acrasin specifically attracts the amoebae of P. violaceum and P. pallidum and fails to do so for six species of Dictyostelium tested. We also have evidence for a specific acrasinase that inactivates the Polysphondylium acrasin.
0d89bfba-c38a-4aa2-8107-e6b9c591e5d1	0	[The effect of hydrocortisone and insulin on the activity and isoenzymes of typrosine-alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase in the ctyostructures of the livers of rats of different ages]. Administration of hydrocortisone or insulin and also a simultaneous use of these hormones in a high dose caused a marked elevation of the total activity of tyrosine-alpha-ketoglutaric transaminase and its anode and cathode isoenzymes in the soluble fraction of the liver in the sexually immature (weighing 100-110 g) and mature (weighing 180-200 g) male rats.
0d89bfba-c38a-4aa2-8107-e6b9c591e5d1	1	The stimulating effect of insulin was sharper in the young in comparison with adult animals. Administration of hydrocortisone caused a more pronounced elevation of the total tyrosine-alpha-ketoglutaric transaminase activity in the hepatic mitochondria of young rats than in adult animals. Insulin administration increased the activity of tyrosine-alpha-ketoglutaric transaminase in the mitochondria of the liver of the sexually mature male rats without significant changes of this enzyme in the sexually imature rats.
0d89bfba-c38a-4aa2-8107-e6b9c591e5d1	2	A simultaneous injection of hydrocortisone and insulin to the sexaully mature male rats caused the same increase in the tyrosine-alpha-ketoglutaric transaminase activity in the hepatic mitochondria as after the administration of glucocorticosteriod alone. As to the sexaully immature males, the activity of the enzyme fell to the normal level.
0d89bfba-c38a-4aa2-8107-e6b9c591e5d1	3	It is supposed that androgens played a significant role in the realization of the inducing action of glucocorticoids and insulin influencing the synthesis of tyrosine-alpha-ketoglutaric transaminase in different directions in the mitochondria of the liver of young and sexually mature animals.
309cf69d-6555-4bee-ba3f-b8735e9fc133	0	Effects of dietary vitamin D and calcium on lysyl oxidase activity in chick bone metaphyses. Activity of lysyl oxidase, an enzyme responsible for production of aldehydic precursors for lysine-derived collagen crosslinks, was measured in tibial metaphyses from chicks receiving different dietary levels of vitamin D and Ca for 2 weeks after hatching.
309cf69d-6555-4bee-ba3f-b8735e9fc133	1	Enzyme activities were increased twofold in D-deficient chicks compared to activities from chicks receiving control levels of vitamin D. Addition of Ca to the D-deficient diet had no effect on lysyl oxidase activity. It is suggested that vitamin D may play a role in the age-related decrease in lysyl oxidase activity that normally occurs in chick bone.
66ad059c-de1c-4550-92c6-e195ee2f488c	0	Factors influencing nonspecific binding of glucocorticoids in myocardial tissue. Myocardial slices from the left ventricle of cat hearts were incubated in Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing 10 mM glucose which were gassed with 95% O2 and 5% CO2. Tritiated dexamethasone (DEXA 0.171 MM) or methylprednisolone (MP 0.805 mM) was added under varying conditions of temperature, pH, and in the presence of various metabolic inhibitors.
66ad059c-de1c-4550-92c6-e195ee2f488c	1	Glucocorticoid uptake by myocardial tissue was found to be temperature-dependent, plateauting after 60 min of incubation at 0.21 mumole of DEXA/g of tissue and 0.95 mumole of MP/g of tissue at 37 degrees. Steroid uptake was retarded about 50% at 0 degrees. Increasing the concentration of either steroid resulted in a linear increase in the uptake of that steroid.
66ad059c-de1c-4550-92c6-e195ee2f488c	2	Incubation in the presence of metabolic or SH-inhibitors produced no significant changes in glucocorticoid uptake. Optimal glucocorticoid uptake occurred between pH 7.3-7.4. Thus, myocardial cells appear to be able to take up large quantities of glucocorticoids, but the uptake process does not appear to be energy-dependent.
a3452a10-c489-4dec-80f4-21c78cc532d5	0	Arylamidase and cathepsin-A activity of normal and dystrophic human muscle. Human skeletal muscle homogenate has been shown to contain enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of L-leucyl p-nitroanilide and carbobenzoxyglutamyl-L-tyrosine, known substrates, respectively, for arylamidase and cathepsin A. The muscle arylamidase was found to be inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate.
a3452a10-c489-4dec-80f4-21c78cc532d5	1	Addition of Co2+ resulted in slight stimulation of its activity. Neither ethylenediamine tetraacetate nor thiol compounds had any appreciable effect on the enzyme. When compared to controls, no significant differences in muscle arylamidase levels were observed in patients with muscular dystrophies and certain selected neuromuscular diseases. Cathepsin A was, however, increased in muscles moderately affected by muscular dystrophy and denervating diseases.
5da07b79-7a97-4a08-8508-cac8bb2b6629	0	Synthesis of some new phenothiazine derivatives of expected medicinal value. 2-Chloroacetyl phenothiazines were reacted with certain phenols and salts of some acids under different conditions to yield 2-substituted acetylphenothiazines. Another series of 10-substituted phenothiazines was synthesized by treatment of 10-chloroacetylphenothiazine with either the appropriate amines or salts of the respective acids.
5da07b79-7a97-4a08-8508-cac8bb2b6629	1	The optimum experimental conditions for the preparation of 2-chloroacetyl-10-acetyl-phenothiazine by Friedel-Crafts reaction were studied. Also N-chloroacetyl-o-aminophenol was synthesized in high yield by a simple method. The preliminary pharmacological screening showed that two of these compounds possess a low order of tranquillizing activity.
6b9b90f0-cf7e-4503-8327-5fd225eb892e	0	Morphological changes in the thymus of young and adult red-billed queleas Quelea quelea (aves). In a wild population of red-billed queleas Quelea quelea L. (Ploceidae: weaver-birds) sampled throughout the year in East Africa, the thymus was found to enlarge in young birds shortly after hatching, remain enlarged during the juvenile stage, and regress towards the end of the postjuvenile moult.
6b9b90f0-cf7e-4503-8327-5fd225eb892e	1	In adults, recrudescence occurred in many individuals during the prenuptial and postnuptial moults, and also in most if not all individuals, of both sexes, for a brief period during a breeding session. Thymus enlargement in both young and adults has been found to be accompanied by marked erythropoietic activity within the gland, and it is suggested that this activity is related to an increased demand for erythrocytes which may occur during moult and breeding.
0f3674bb-0ae3-41e5-9cb0-091c5bbda222	0	Histological changes associated with enlargement and regression of the thymus glands of the red-billed quelea Quelea quelea L. (Ploceidae: weaver-birds). Thymic lobes form over 200 red-billed queleas, Quelea quelea L., were examined histologically. Samples were taken from embryos about to hatch, juveniles and adults.
0f3674bb-0ae3-41e5-9cb0-091c5bbda222	1	The lobes varied in size from very small to very enlarged (1- greater than 5 mm long). The constituent cell types are described in detail and the occurrence of these cells in different sized lobes is discussed. A cycle of events is proposed which accounts for the observations presented here.
0f3674bb-0ae3-41e5-9cb0-091c5bbda222	2	It is suggested that the large numbers of erythroid cells found in the cortex of some individuals were developing in situ. The significance of erythropoiesis within the thymus is discussed.
242be8ca-5cff-4d08-a578-22a200d2b7a9	0	EMMA-4 analysis of iron in cells of the thymic cortex of a weaver-bird (Quelea quelea). Combined morphological and analytical studies with the EMMA-4 analytical electron microscope have enabled very early erythroid cells to be identified within the cortex of enlarging thymic lobes of Quelea quelea. These early erythroid cells have pale cytoplasm (sometimes with ferritin-like crystals present), slightly pachychromatic nuclei and have fewer cell organelles (mitochondria) than lymphocytes.
242be8ca-5cff-4d08-a578-22a200d2b7a9	1	Counts for iron were approximately 70% lower than counts from mature erythrocytes found free in the cortex. Iron was also recorded from some epithelial reticular cells and pyknotic nuclei; no iron was recorded from small lymphocytes (thymocytes) in the cortex. The presence of very early erythroid cells is a further indication that erythropoiesis occurs in situ in the avian thymus.
acb72d66-bfa8-4951-8dac-3f6a0239f0d1	0	The postcranial skeletons of the Triassic mammals Eozostrodon, Megazostrodon and Erythrotherium. The purposes of this monograph are to describe the postcranial skeletons of the earliest known mammals, and to probe, in so far as possible by osteological study, biological questions concerning the habits and adaptations of these late Triassic forms.
acb72d66-bfa8-4951-8dac-3f6a0239f0d1	1	In this context, information on the background of this investigation is useful. Studies of Mesozoic mammals, begun some 150 years ago, are based on rare and fragmentary fossils, principally jaws and teeth. These investigations have yielded a bare outline of some 120 million years of mammalian evolution-about two-thirds of mammalian history.
acb72d66-bfa8-4951-8dac-3f6a0239f0d1	2	No assessment of the important biological changes occurring during this time can ever be complete, but major advances are possible as new discoveries provide material that is more complete or that represents a previously unknown evolutionary stage. So tenuous is the evidence that at least some concepts are re-evaluated with each discovery.
acb72d66-bfa8-4951-8dac-3f6a0239f0d1	3	Postcranial anatomy offers especially intriguing prospects for investigation because associated material (that can be positively assigned to a taxon below subclass) has been for the most part unknown, and indeed even dissociated bones are a rarity. Since G.G. Simpson's monographs of 1928 and 1929, progress in the study of Mesozoic mammals has been largely dependent on new finds.
acb72d66-bfa8-4951-8dac-3f6a0239f0d1	4	A major impetus to renewed investigation came from the discoveries of Mesozoic mammals by Walter Kühne in 1939 and during the immediate post-war years. Kühne first worked on fissures in the Carboniferous limestone quarries at Frome, Somerset, in southwest England where he collected a series of teeth of the problematical form Haramiya and two triconodont teeth which were placed in the genus Eozostrodon (Parrington 1941, 1946).
acb72d66-bfa8-4951-8dac-3f6a0239f0d1	5	The fissure faunas are generally thought to be of Upper Triassic (Rhaetic) age (Kühne 1946), although Kermack, Musset & Rigney (1973) believe that the evidence is insufficient to determine whether the deposits are Rhaetic or Lower Liassic. After the war Kühne carried his explorations farther west, eventually reaching the quarries at Bridgend in Glamorgan, Wales, where he not only found more triconodont teeth in some quantity (Kühne 1958) but also a symmetrodont tooth (Kühne 1950).
acb72d66-bfa8-4951-8dac-3f6a0239f0d1	6	Shortly after making these discoveries, Kühne returned to Germany and the work was continued by a team from University College, London, under the leadership of Dr K.A. Kermack.
74a5fbaa-689b-4b32-9e60-fb950c600661	0	Classical conditioning in the sea anemone, Cribrina xanthogrammica. Earlier attempts to classically condition sea anemones have yielded inconclusive results. Using light as CS and shock as US, conditioning as distinguished from sensitization and pseudoconditioning was demonstrated in anemones. Procedural controls included substitution of light alone, shock alone, and random light and shock in place of paired light-shock trials.
74a5fbaa-689b-4b32-9e60-fb950c600661	1	Responses measured were electrical output and folding of the oral disc. The conditioned response was distinguished from the unconditioned response to light and the unconditioned response to shock in terms of response latency of both electrical and behavioral measures.
fbe40599-06b5-493d-bd4a-6d733fe0d4ca	0	Performance enhancement effects of d-amphetamine, methylphenidate, pipradrol and phenindamine in rats. A multiple behavioral schedule with food reinforcement was designed to measure the drug-induced performance enhancement and non-effective activity in rats. The schedule, 20 min in duration, had CRF components in the 33 trials and extinction components in the inter-trial periods.
fbe40599-06b5-493d-bd4a-6d733fe0d4ca	1	During each trial, food reinforcement was present in the limited period (8 sec each) which was preceded by a discriminative stimulus (1 sec, either a light or a footshock). The rats generated a high rate of lever pressing during the limited period and a low rate of lever pressing during the inter-trial period.
fbe40599-06b5-493d-bd4a-6d733fe0d4ca	2	The drugs studied were d-amphetamine, methylphenidate, pipradrol and phenindamine. At low dosages, these drugs increased further the high rate of lever pressing. This was considered to be the performance enhancement effect. At higher doses, the drugs increased the low rate of lever pressing, decreased the high rate of lever pressing, and decreased responding of the rats to the discriminative stimulus.
fbe40599-06b5-493d-bd4a-6d733fe0d4ca	3	This latter pattern was considered to be the non-effective activity caused by the drugs. As expected, d-amphetamine was the most potent. Minor differences in drug effects were seen between the group of rats having light and that group having footshock as discriminative stimulus.
97c8bc22-e311-4fdb-b687-fcf3c40f8f81	0	[Automatic method for determination of serum antistreptolysin]. The AA. describe a method of determination of serum antistreptolysin employing "Technicon" AutoAnalyzer, this method permitting the execution of 40 determinations in an hour, with a time of analysis of about 16 minutes. The procedure of analysis is very easy, with a very high selectivity of values; a variation coefficient of 5,3% and an accuracy index of 4,4% were found. Since the amount of serum employed is 50 mul this method appears to be particularly suitable in paediatry and in serological screening.
f84d6dca-9940-43b7-82ba-b06f53380550	0	On the influence of prostaglandin F2alpha-induced labor at term on the metabolism and coagulation of mother and fetus. 11 pregnancies at term were terminated by dilatation of the uterine cervix, low amniotomy, and by intravenous administration of PGF2alpha. The average infusion time was 3 hours 55 minutes, and the average total dose of PGF2alpha amounted to 2.0
f84d6dca-9940-43b7-82ba-b06f53380550	1	mg. Parameters of acid-base changes, carbohydrate and energic state changes, gas metabolism, and changes in coagulation and fibrinolysis in mother and in fetus were analyzed during labor and after birth. Labor activity and fetal cardiac action were monitored cardiotocographically. Checked against 50 uncomplicated spontaneous deliveries, we found no disadvantageous changes in the parameters investigated.
0f459379-d1f9-418a-97b7-0ceee4b08382	0	Pulmonary microembolism: attenuated pulmonary vasoconstriction with prostaglandin inhibitors and antihistamines. The mechanism(s) involved in the pulmonary vascular and airway responses to pulmonary microembolism have not been clearly defined. Therefore, we determined the effects of specific prostaglandin and histamine blockade on the hemodynamic and arterial blood gas tension responses to particulate microembolism (200 mu glass beads) in intact anesthetized dogs.
0f459379-d1f9-418a-97b7-0ceee4b08382	1	The marked increases in pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance observed in the untreated dogs were attenuated, but not abolished, following both prostaglandin blockade (with either meclofenamate or polyphloretin phosphate) and histamine blockade (with chlorpheniramine and metiamide) at 5 minutes, and were still attenuated 30 minutes post embolization.
0f459379-d1f9-418a-97b7-0ceee4b08382	2	Combined prostaglandin and histamine blockade further attenuated, but again did not abolish, the pulmonary vascular responses. Cardiac outputs and systemic arterial pressures were unchanged from control by embolism. The alveolar hypoventilation (decreased arterial oxygen tension and increased carbon dioxide tension) observed in the untreated embolized dogs was prevented only with the prostaglandin inhibitors.
0f459379-d1f9-418a-97b7-0ceee4b08382	3	Pulmonary microembolism in intact dogs, therefore, appears to induce vasoconstriction mediated partially by prostaglandin and histamine action, and alveolar hypoventilation mediated by prostaglandin, but not histamine, action.

a8b1bfdd-e93b-4d91-9bfe-6254d66a8013

1

Seven geographic strains of B, glabrata were examined. In addition, observations were made on the hemolymph of Biomphalaria straminea, several strains of Helisoma caribaeum, and on B. glabrata subjected to infection with Schistosoma mansoni or to periods of starvation. Intra-strain differences in total protein concentration and total hemoglobin concentration in B.

a8b1bfdd-e93b-4d91-9bfe-6254d66a8013

2

glabrata appeared to be more closely related with snail size than with absolute age. Inter-strain variation in B. glabrata was also noted, but the differences were of the same magnitude as those from intra-strain samples. Significant differences in total protein concentration were observed, however, between the means of similar size B.

a8b1bfdd-e93b-4d91-9bfe-6254d66a8013

3

glabrata, B. straminea and H. caribaeum. The osmolatity of the hemolymph from different size B. glabrata was similar as were the osmolalities of the hemolymph from similar size snails of different strains. However, all B. glabrata strains exhibited hemolymph osmolalities lower than observed in strains of H.

a8b1bfdd-e93b-4d91-9bfe-6254d66a8013

4

caribaeum. Infection with S. mansoni reduced the protein concentration of B. glabrata hemolymph. Differences were noted as early as 1.5-24 hr post-infection, with significant alterations occurring at about 11 days post-infection. To a lesser extent, starvation also depleted the protein content of the hemolymph.

85ff1b8c-f4a1-4259-8ab4-bcf4a38b0cfb

0

[Relevance of biochemistry in diagnosis and development of alcoholic liver disease (author's transl)]. In a group of 205 patients with alcoholic diseases of liver the diagnostic relevance of biochemical tests (GOT, GPT, AP, GGTP, BSP) was reconsidered with discriminatory process (separation of diagnosis).

85ff1b8c-f4a1-4259-8ab4-bcf4a38b0cfb

1

The group contained 16 patients with nutritional-caused and 41 cases with alcoholic-caused fatty-infiltration of liver. 148 patients showed a toxic chronic liver disease; 52 a chronic hepatitis and 96 cirrhosis of liver. Laparoscopy and morphology guaranteed the clinical diagnosis and therefore the accuracy of biochemistry in separation of diagnosis was given.

85ff1b8c-f4a1-4259-8ab4-bcf4a38b0cfb

2

The biochemical tests were not able to offer a separation of fatty-infiltration with reference to cause, changes of the process in toxic hepatitis and cirrhosis were announced. Intersection in several cases was noticed and biochemical tests were not able to substitute endoscopy and morphology for clinical and diagnostic use in all cases.

85ff1b8c-f4a1-4259-8ab4-bcf4a38b0cfb

3

In every regard the enzyme-tests,--above mentioned--, and determination of sulfobromthalein are aptly to development of diseases and deficiency of alcohol.

dc0a9f0f-513a-4a5b-944f-ceee61ee5cc4

0

Proline endopeptidase and exopeptidase activity in polymorphonuclear granulocytes. Peptidases capable of releasing proline residues from polypeptides are present in the cytoplasmic fraction of rabbit polymorphonuclear granulocytes. This was shown with peptide substrates where proline is present either at the carboxy-terminal or within the polypeptide chain. Lysosomal and plasma membrane enzymes were inactive towards such polypeptides. The proline residue was hydrolyzed at either its amino end or its carboxy end. It is noteworthy that a Pro:Pro bond was cleaved both in the pentapeptide Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg and the dipeptide Pro:Pro.

43a94a9b-6864-4fb4-aaaa-3dbc66fb54cf

0

[A compact form of DNA in solution. 2. Peculiarities of acidic titration of double-stranded DNA in PEG-containing water-salt solutions]. The formation of compact double-stranded DNA molecules in PEG-containing watersalt solutions (0.3 M NaCl) may be observed within the pH-range 3-10;

43a94a9b-6864-4fb4-aaaa-3dbc66fb54cf

1

i.e. under conditions at which parameters of double-stranded DNA helices are not strongly different from those of B-form. At pH less than 3, when regularity of double helices is significantly changed, the formation of the specific compact particles of DNA in PEG-containing solutions does not take place.

43a94a9b-6864-4fb4-aaaa-3dbc66fb54cf

2

Denaturation of the compact form of DNA in PEG-containing solution is accompanied by disappearance of the negative band in CD spectrum. Hyperchromic effect of denaturation of DNA compact form is uninformative because of the influence of the light-scattering by compact DNA molecules.

1a50b34c-1e6e-420c-9d9c-21bffd3a514f

0

[Changes in the chemical composition and physico-chemical characteristics of chromatin from spleens of mice during immunogenesis]. Comparative studies have been carried out for the chemical composition and physico-chemical characteristics of chromatin isolated from spleens of non-immunized and immunized mice. It is found that the chromatin from spleens of immunized mice contains significantly more non-histone proteins and RNA, while the quantity of histone proteins is unaltered.

1a50b34c-1e6e-420c-9d9c-21bffd3a514f

1

The melting temperatures of chromatin from spleens of non-immunized and immunized mice in 2.5-10(-4) M EDTA (pH 8.0) are 76.8+/-1.50 degrees and 74.4+/-1.10 degrees, respectively. DNA isolated from chromatin melts at 40 degrees. The melting of chromatin was followed in 5 mM sodium-cacodylate buffer (pH 7.0

1a50b34c-1e6e-420c-9d9c-21bffd3a514f

2

)+1.5-10(-4) M EDTA containing increasing concentrations of urea. The results show that during immunogenesis the changes of the chemical composition of the chromatin are accompanied by certain destabilisation of DNP complex.

9c610b88-c26f-43f8-b9bd-cff0971df3bc

0

Correction of severe combined immunodeficiency by fetal liver cells. As an alternative to bone-marrow transplantation, two infants with severe combined immunodeficiency who had no histocompatible donors were given intraperitoneal infusions of fresh liver cells from fetuses of eight and nine to 10 weeks. Transient graft-versus-host disease began at 42 and 52 days, respectively.

9c610b88-c26f-43f8-b9bd-cff0971df3bc

1

Both infants had rises in T cells and declines in B cells by three months. No functional immunologic improvement occurred in the first infant, who died of pulmonary disease 10 months later. Clinical and functional immunologic improvement occurred in the other, who is now 19 months after transplantation.

9c610b88-c26f-43f8-b9bd-cff0971df3bc

2

Lymphocyte responses to phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen were noted by three months, to concanavalin A by five months, and to allogeneic cells by eight months. Delayed cutaneous responsiveness to candida developed and IgM became norma. IgA and IgG remained low. Chimerism was demonstrated by a donor marker chromosome in metaphases from recipient lymphocytes.

9c610b88-c26f-43f8-b9bd-cff0971df3bc

3

Fetal liver cells therefore reversed the immunodeficiency.

cb10c8f8-74b3-4472-ac0e-0eb833b89444

0

[Kinetics and mechanism of the 3H to 1H in C(8)H groups of purine derivatives]. The pH-dependence of the 3H to 1H exchange between water and C(8)H groups of purine, adenine, 9-methyladenine, 7-methyladenine, hypoxanthine, guanine, xanthine as well as C(2)H groups of imidazole and benzimidazole was studied.

cb10c8f8-74b3-4472-ac0e-0eb833b89444

1

It was shown that within the pH-ranges, where the majority of molecules under study are non-ionized, the values of observed rate constant (kobs) do not depend on pH. Beyond these ranges the values of k(obs) are increased or decreased depending on the type of ionizaiton of the compound under study in appropriate pH range.

cb10c8f8-74b3-4472-ac0e-0eb833b89444

2

The observed pH dependence of the 3H to 1H exchange is in a good quantitative agreement with ylide mechanism of the exchange reaction. According to this mechanism the 3H--1H exchange takes place in N(7)-protonated forms of the purine derivatives and in zwitterions with positive charge on N(7).

cb10c8f8-74b3-4472-ac0e-0eb833b89444

3

The ylide mechanism of the exchange reaction is also suggested by the fact that the true exchange rate constants (k+) of protonated forms of the studied compounds, calculated from the values of k(ods), rises linearly with the increase of their protonation constant (Ka1)--the tenfold increase of Ka1 leads to about four-fold rise of k+.

cb10c8f8-74b3-4472-ac0e-0eb833b89444

4

The knowledge of 1h to 3H exchange mechanism in C(8)H groups of purine derivatives allows to estimate alterations of reactivity of the purine residues in polynucleotides and nucleic acids depending on their conformation.

54681638-3eb3-44a0-9867-b8d53d0de03a

0

Cyclic AMP and neuroendocrine influence upon forelimb regeneration in the adult newt, Notophthalmus viridescens. The influence of the nervous and endocrine systems upon successive stages of limb regeneration suggest possible neuroendocrine interaction(s). Intraperitoneal injections of various agents had no effects upon blastema formation. Chlorpromazine, administered alone or with hormones, retarded morphogenesis.

54681638-3eb3-44a0-9867-b8d53d0de03a

1

Prolactin, dibutyryl cAMP (db-cAMP), theophylline, and acetylcholine accelerated morphogenesis. 5'-AMP had no effect. Only db-cAMP countered the chlorpromazine-induced retardation of morphogenesis. These results suggest that neuroendocrine influences, possibly cAMP-mediated, direct, in part, the morphogenesis of the regeneration blastema.

596c6c1a-8426-47a1-8b85-b33b93a7880b

0

Impaired urinary acidification in the hypothyroid rat. Since abnormalities in the renal handling of sodium and water in both the proximal and distal tubule have been described in primary hypothyroidism, this study was undertaken to examine renal tubular hydrogen secretion in this disorder. Metabolic acidosis was induced in hypothyroid rats (H) and their age matched controls (C) by the administration of an oral ammonium chloride load of 0.15

596c6c1a-8426-47a1-8b85-b33b93a7880b

1

g/24 h/kg for three days. On day 3 animals were prepared for clearance and acid-base studies, receiving an infusion of Ringer's solution of 0.6 ml/hr/100 g during surgery and the experimental procedure. A 26% decrease in GFR (P less than 0.005) and a doubling in fractional excretion of sodium (P less than 0.02

596c6c1a-8426-47a1-8b85-b33b93a7880b

2

) were observed in H rats. The lowest blood pH and average bicarbonate concentration and the excretion of chloride were similar in the two groups, indicating that the acid load was reabsorbed and led to similar degrees of systemic acidification. Urine flow also was comparable in the two groups.

596c6c1a-8426-47a1-8b85-b33b93a7880b

3

Minimal urine pH after NH4Cl was 6.21 +/- 0.06 in H and 5.68 +/- 0.09 in C (P less than 0.001). Ammonium excretion was 28% (P less than 0.05) lower in H than in C. The defect in urine acidification in H was only partially corrected after 5 days on a low sodium diet and DOCA administration for 2 days.

596c6c1a-8426-47a1-8b85-b33b93a7880b

4

Fractional bicarbonate excretion at normal blood pH and bicarbonate concentration was not different in the two groups. These data indicate that hypothyroid rats have a mild defect in urine acidification and that it is localized predominantly in the distal tubule.

f8c0eae0-abfe-43f4-8228-5433146c13e1

0

[2 new species of microsporidians (Protozoa, Microsporidia) from mosquitoes of the family Chironomidae]. Two new species of microsporidians are described from the mosquitoes of the genus Chironomus collected in water bodies of the north-eastern USSR. Bacillidium chironomi sp. n. injuring the adipose tissue of the fourth stage larvae of Chironomus dorsalis Mg.

f8c0eae0-abfe-43f4-8228-5433146c13e1

1

has rod-shaped spores 15 (11 to 19) x 0.7 (0.6 to 0.9) mu in size. Duboscqia chironomi sp. n. injures the adipose tissue of the fourth stage larvae of Chironomus plumosus L. Fresh spores of this species are egg-shaped, 6.2 (5.8 to 6.5

f8c0eae0-abfe-43f4-8228-5433146c13e1

2

) x 3.8 (3.6 to 4.0) mu in size. When stained according to the Romanovsky-Gimza method the spores are 5.4 (4.9 to 5.8) x 3.8 (3.6 to 4.1) mu in size. Some peculiarities of the nuclei fission in the sporants of Duboscqia chironomi sp. n.

f8c0eae0-abfe-43f4-8228-5433146c13e1

3

, are discussed.

87265f20-5015-40d5-abc1-d7588880dab4

0

Electrical responses of isolated Nitella protoplasm--excitations or artifacts? Isolated protoplasmic droplets of the alga Nitella were investigated with microelectrodes under current clamp conditions. The following observations were made: 1. Long pulses of either polarity yielded almost symmetric current-voltage relations. Near the rather small resting potential (inside negative) the measuring points lay on a straight line corresponding to an apparent surface membrane resistance of 1.7

87265f20-5015-40d5-abc1-d7588880dab4

1

+/- 0.45 komega (mean +/- S.E.M., n=5). 2. Experiments with various pulse programs revealed no mechanism comparable to Na inactivation but stressed the electrical symmetry of the droplet with respect to the resting potential. 3. Changes of the [Ca2+] in the bathing medium between 0 to 10 mM as well as of the pH between 5 and 9 did not influence the responses.

87265f20-5015-40d5-abc1-d7588880dab4

2

Replacing K+ by Na+ (or vice versa) or exchanging NO3 for acetylglycine or Cl- was also ineffective. These observations are not consistent with a normal excitable surface membrane. Similar responses are obtained with a RC network which is described and which may have its substrate in histological peculiarities of the protoplasmic droplet.

3798f531-a00d-4cdc-abf3-6967be5a288f

0

The action of Ca2+ , Mg2+ and H+ on the contraction threshold of frog skeletal muscle: Evidence for surface charges controlling electro-mechanical coupling. The dependence of the threshold potential for contraction of pH and the concentration of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the bathing solution was measured in frog skeletal muscle.

3798f531-a00d-4cdc-abf3-6967be5a288f

1

Decreasing the pH from 10.3 to 4.65 resulted in a threshold shift to more positive potentials. Between pH 6.5 and 8.5 the concentration threshold was almost pH -independent. Increasing [Ca2+]o (in the concentration range 0.5-50 mM) shifted the curves relating contraction threshold to pH to less negative potentials and diminished the overall pH-dependence.

3798f531-a00d-4cdc-abf3-6967be5a288f

2

The contraction threshold exhibited a similar dependence on [Ca2+]o and [Mg2+]o, the two curves running parallel in the concentration range of 5-50 mM, but Mg2+ was only c. 0.6 as effective as Ca2+. To explain these results a surface charge model is proposed which assumes that two acidic groups, sigma1 and sigma2, and one basic group, sigma3, reside at the outer surface of the membrane of the T-system.

3798f531-a00d-4cdc-abf3-6967be5a288f

3

Alterations in the extracellular medium exert their influence on the electro-mechanical coupling process by changing the surface potential. The groups will be titrated by protons and their charges screened off by the divalent cations. In addition, Ca2+ was supposed to bind with a weak dissociation constant (23 M) to the two acidic groups.

3798f531-a00d-4cdc-abf3-6967be5a288f

4

The chosen charge densities are: sigma1 = -0.0085/A2 [= -1e/(10.8 A)2], sigma2 = -0.0037/A2 [= -1e/(16.4 A)2], sigma3 = 0.0028/A2 [= + 1e/(18.9 A)2] with intrinsic dissociation constants KH1 = 10(-2.0)M, KH2 = 10(-4.1

3798f531-a00d-4cdc-abf3-6967be5a288f

5

)M, and KH3 = 10(-8.5) M. The measured threshold values are satisfactorily described by this model except at extreme alkaline and acid pH values.

982b9099-e688-42c3-85c4-7d7f4c59c16e

0

[Comparison of the pA2 of various beta blocking agents]. The drug industry is now putting out specific beta 1 or beta 2 beta-blocking agents. The pA2 of various beta-blocking agents were determined on isolated organs-guinea pig atrium and trachea: practolol and acebutolol were considered as specific beta-1 inhibitors;

982b9099-e688-42c3-85c4-7d7f4c59c16e

1

butoxamine was a specific beta-2 inhibitor, while pindolol, oxprenolol, propranolol and alprenolol were specificity free. The pA2 quantifies the action exerted by an inhibitor. Cardioselectivity is expressed by the pA2 left atrium/pA2 trachea ratio. It exceeds 1 000 for practolol, it equals 30 for acebutolol, and is very slight for butoxamine.

982b9099-e688-42c3-85c4-7d7f4c59c16e

2

The pA2 therefore gives a good idea of the potential of the various drugs on the animal's isolated organ. However, these data cannot safely be extrapolated to man. Hence the necessity of conducting clinical pharmacological studies.

a35de292-7b82-40e9-b357-02f5bb8e3acf

0

[Effects of adrenergic blockade on adipose tissue lipolysis provoked in cats and humans by intravenous perfusion of isoprenaline]. An intravenous infusion of isoprenaline (1 mug/kg/mn during 4 h) elicited a rise in serum free fatty acids (FFA) and glucose in anaesthetised cats. The effect reached a peak in 1 h and was then maintained at a plateau level for the remainder of the infusion.

a35de292-7b82-40e9-b357-02f5bb8e3acf

1

Acebutolol and practolol (0,1-10 mg/kg, p.o.) were more potent in reducing the concentration of free fatty acids (FFA) than in lowering glucose. Propranolol was roughly equipotent on FFA and glucose. In 6 fasted human volunteers, an intravenous infusion of isoprenaline (0,03 mug/kg/mn during 15 min) stimulated a rise in serum FFA.

a35de292-7b82-40e9-b357-02f5bb8e3acf

2

Peak values were attained rapidly and FFA levels began to fall soon after the end of the infusion. Blood glucose concentration was not changed. A placebo, given after the first infusion of isoprenaline, did not significantly affect the response to 2 further infusions at 2 and 4 h later.

a35de292-7b82-40e9-b357-02f5bb8e3acf

3

An oral dose of acebutolol (300 mg) largely suppressed the lipolytic effect of the 2nd and 3rd isoprenaline infusions, the degrees of inhibition being 70 p.cent and 85 p.cent respectively. The same dose of practolol was considerably less effective in inhibiting lipolysis (37 p.cent and 25 p.

a35de292-7b82-40e9-b357-02f5bb8e3acf

4

cent inhibition).

276d1695-706f-4c5d-a254-960e32978176

0

Bone marrow transplantation in children. Bone marrow transplantation is a new concept in the treatment of leukemia and aplastic anemia. The problems seen in the transplanted patient are abundant and often life-threatening. Caring for these patients offers one of the most exciting challenges of nursing. The nurse not only acquires skill in caring for a patient with leukemia and aplastic anemia, but also becomes knowledgeable in infectious diseases, immunology, fluid and electrolyte balance, and cardiac, respiratory, and renal diseases.

276d1695-706f-4c5d-a254-960e32978176

1

The complexity of these patients allows the nurse more direct, comsistent contact with them. As she becomes involved, she is given excellent opportunities for supporting the patient and family through this stressful time. Althoug bone marrow transplantation is an experimental procedure with problems still to be solved, results indicate its value in the treatment of refractory leukemia and aplastic anemia.

2e34e9ea-678d-4fc0-811f-96f7a9534d14

0

Control of adenylate cyclase from secretory vesicle membranes by beta-adrenergic agents and nerve growth factor. Adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1] activity of purified secretory vesicle membranes from the adrenal medulla is inhibited by I-isoproterenol and I-epinephrine, as well as by nerve growth factor (NGF).

2e34e9ea-678d-4fc0-811f-96f7a9534d14

1

The effect of these agents was found to be dose-dependent and, in the case of the catecholamines, saturable. NGF was active at concentrations as low as 10(-8) M. Oxidized NGF was only minimally active, and insulin was completely inactive. Neither dopamine nor phenylephrine had activity.

2e34e9ea-678d-4fc0-811f-96f7a9534d14

2

Inhibition of cyclase by either isoproterenol or epinephrine was blocked by I-propranolol, a specific beta-antagonist, but propranolol by itself had no effect on adenylate cyclase activity. The data indicate that the secretory vesicle membrane has beta-adrenergic receptors coupled to the adenylate cyclase. Propranolol was also found to block the NGF-induced inhibition of cyclase.

2e34e9ea-678d-4fc0-811f-96f7a9534d14

3

We conclude that the granule membrane has beta-adrenergic receptors as well as NGF-reactive sites, and that the two may be functionally linked.

612ad172-01d0-4841-8fd7-947f382611db

0

Preliminary characterization of the acrasin of the cellular slime mold Polysphondylium violaceum. Some species of cellular slime mold do not respond to cyclic AMP as an acrasin, or chemoattractant. In one such species, Polysphondylium violaceum, we have isolated and purified its acrasin and determined some of its chemical properties, which lead us to believe it is a small molecule of less than 1500 daltons.

612ad172-01d0-4841-8fd7-947f382611db

1

One possibility is that it might be a peptide. The acrasin specifically attracts the amoebae of P. violaceum and P. pallidum and fails to do so for six species of Dictyostelium tested. We also have evidence for a specific acrasinase that inactivates the Polysphondylium acrasin.

0d89bfba-c38a-4aa2-8107-e6b9c591e5d1

0

[The effect of hydrocortisone and insulin on the activity and isoenzymes of typrosine-alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase in the ctyostructures of the livers of rats of different ages]. Administration of hydrocortisone or insulin and also a simultaneous use of these hormones in a high dose caused a marked elevation of the total activity of tyrosine-alpha-ketoglutaric transaminase and its anode and cathode isoenzymes in the soluble fraction of the liver in the sexually immature (weighing 100-110 g) and mature (weighing 180-200 g) male rats.

0d89bfba-c38a-4aa2-8107-e6b9c591e5d1

1

The stimulating effect of insulin was sharper in the young in comparison with adult animals. Administration of hydrocortisone caused a more pronounced elevation of the total tyrosine-alpha-ketoglutaric transaminase activity in the hepatic mitochondria of young rats than in adult animals. Insulin administration increased the activity of tyrosine-alpha-ketoglutaric transaminase in the mitochondria of the liver of the sexually mature male rats without significant changes of this enzyme in the sexually imature rats.

0d89bfba-c38a-4aa2-8107-e6b9c591e5d1

2

A simultaneous injection of hydrocortisone and insulin to the sexaully mature male rats caused the same increase in the tyrosine-alpha-ketoglutaric transaminase activity in the hepatic mitochondria as after the administration of glucocorticosteriod alone. As to the sexaully immature males, the activity of the enzyme fell to the normal level.

0d89bfba-c38a-4aa2-8107-e6b9c591e5d1

3

It is supposed that androgens played a significant role in the realization of the inducing action of glucocorticoids and insulin influencing the synthesis of tyrosine-alpha-ketoglutaric transaminase in different directions in the mitochondria of the liver of young and sexually mature animals.

309cf69d-6555-4bee-ba3f-b8735e9fc133

0

Effects of dietary vitamin D and calcium on lysyl oxidase activity in chick bone metaphyses. Activity of lysyl oxidase, an enzyme responsible for production of aldehydic precursors for lysine-derived collagen crosslinks, was measured in tibial metaphyses from chicks receiving different dietary levels of vitamin D and Ca for 2 weeks after hatching.

309cf69d-6555-4bee-ba3f-b8735e9fc133

1

Enzyme activities were increased twofold in D-deficient chicks compared to activities from chicks receiving control levels of vitamin D. Addition of Ca to the D-deficient diet had no effect on lysyl oxidase activity. It is suggested that vitamin D may play a role in the age-related decrease in lysyl oxidase activity that normally occurs in chick bone.

66ad059c-de1c-4550-92c6-e195ee2f488c

0

Factors influencing nonspecific binding of glucocorticoids in myocardial tissue. Myocardial slices from the left ventricle of cat hearts were incubated in Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing 10 mM glucose which were gassed with 95% O2 and 5% CO2. Tritiated dexamethasone (DEXA 0.171 MM) or methylprednisolone (MP 0.805 mM) was added under varying conditions of temperature, pH, and in the presence of various metabolic inhibitors.

66ad059c-de1c-4550-92c6-e195ee2f488c

1

Glucocorticoid uptake by myocardial tissue was found to be temperature-dependent, plateauting after 60 min of incubation at 0.21 mumole of DEXA/g of tissue and 0.95 mumole of MP/g of tissue at 37 degrees. Steroid uptake was retarded about 50% at 0 degrees. Increasing the concentration of either steroid resulted in a linear increase in the uptake of that steroid.

66ad059c-de1c-4550-92c6-e195ee2f488c

2

Incubation in the presence of metabolic or SH-inhibitors produced no significant changes in glucocorticoid uptake. Optimal glucocorticoid uptake occurred between pH 7.3-7.4. Thus, myocardial cells appear to be able to take up large quantities of glucocorticoids, but the uptake process does not appear to be energy-dependent.

a3452a10-c489-4dec-80f4-21c78cc532d5

0

Arylamidase and cathepsin-A activity of normal and dystrophic human muscle. Human skeletal muscle homogenate has been shown to contain enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of L-leucyl p-nitroanilide and carbobenzoxyglutamyl-L-tyrosine, known substrates, respectively, for arylamidase and cathepsin A. The muscle arylamidase was found to be inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate.

a3452a10-c489-4dec-80f4-21c78cc532d5

1

Addition of Co2+ resulted in slight stimulation of its activity. Neither ethylenediamine tetraacetate nor thiol compounds had any appreciable effect on the enzyme. When compared to controls, no significant differences in muscle arylamidase levels were observed in patients with muscular dystrophies and certain selected neuromuscular diseases. Cathepsin A was, however, increased in muscles moderately affected by muscular dystrophy and denervating diseases.

5da07b79-7a97-4a08-8508-cac8bb2b6629

0

Synthesis of some new phenothiazine derivatives of expected medicinal value. 2-Chloroacetyl phenothiazines were reacted with certain phenols and salts of some acids under different conditions to yield 2-substituted acetylphenothiazines. Another series of 10-substituted phenothiazines was synthesized by treatment of 10-chloroacetylphenothiazine with either the appropriate amines or salts of the respective acids.

5da07b79-7a97-4a08-8508-cac8bb2b6629

1

The optimum experimental conditions for the preparation of 2-chloroacetyl-10-acetyl-phenothiazine by Friedel-Crafts reaction were studied. Also N-chloroacetyl-o-aminophenol was synthesized in high yield by a simple method. The preliminary pharmacological screening showed that two of these compounds possess a low order of tranquillizing activity.

6b9b90f0-cf7e-4503-8327-5fd225eb892e

0

Morphological changes in the thymus of young and adult red-billed queleas Quelea quelea (aves). In a wild population of red-billed queleas Quelea quelea L. (Ploceidae: weaver-birds) sampled throughout the year in East Africa, the thymus was found to enlarge in young birds shortly after hatching, remain enlarged during the juvenile stage, and regress towards the end of the postjuvenile moult.

6b9b90f0-cf7e-4503-8327-5fd225eb892e

1

In adults, recrudescence occurred in many individuals during the prenuptial and postnuptial moults, and also in most if not all individuals, of both sexes, for a brief period during a breeding session. Thymus enlargement in both young and adults has been found to be accompanied by marked erythropoietic activity within the gland, and it is suggested that this activity is related to an increased demand for erythrocytes which may occur during moult and breeding.

0f3674bb-0ae3-41e5-9cb0-091c5bbda222

0

Histological changes associated with enlargement and regression of the thymus glands of the red-billed quelea Quelea quelea L. (Ploceidae: weaver-birds). Thymic lobes form over 200 red-billed queleas, Quelea quelea L., were examined histologically. Samples were taken from embryos about to hatch, juveniles and adults.

0f3674bb-0ae3-41e5-9cb0-091c5bbda222

1

The lobes varied in size from very small to very enlarged (1- greater than 5 mm long). The constituent cell types are described in detail and the occurrence of these cells in different sized lobes is discussed. A cycle of events is proposed which accounts for the observations presented here.

0f3674bb-0ae3-41e5-9cb0-091c5bbda222

2

It is suggested that the large numbers of erythroid cells found in the cortex of some individuals were developing in situ. The significance of erythropoiesis within the thymus is discussed.

242be8ca-5cff-4d08-a578-22a200d2b7a9

0

EMMA-4 analysis of iron in cells of the thymic cortex of a weaver-bird (Quelea quelea). Combined morphological and analytical studies with the EMMA-4 analytical electron microscope have enabled very early erythroid cells to be identified within the cortex of enlarging thymic lobes of Quelea quelea. These early erythroid cells have pale cytoplasm (sometimes with ferritin-like crystals present), slightly pachychromatic nuclei and have fewer cell organelles (mitochondria) than lymphocytes.

242be8ca-5cff-4d08-a578-22a200d2b7a9

1

Counts for iron were approximately 70% lower than counts from mature erythrocytes found free in the cortex. Iron was also recorded from some epithelial reticular cells and pyknotic nuclei; no iron was recorded from small lymphocytes (thymocytes) in the cortex. The presence of very early erythroid cells is a further indication that erythropoiesis occurs in situ in the avian thymus.